title: Juan Fernando Quintero

texts:
<mask> (born 18 January 1993) is a Colombian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Argentinian club River Plate and the Colombia national team. He has been mentioned among the more coveted young players in European football by The Times of London. At the age of 19, <mask> already started to receive praise for his impressive performances during his time in Italy. During his time of the 2013 South American Youth Championship, he has been recognized as not only one of the most promising youth aspects from only South America, but the world. <mask> has represented Colombia since he was 19, making his official debut in 2012 against Cameroon. At the 2013 South American Youth Championships, he led Colombia to their third title while voted as the tournament's MVP for contributing more than any other player for his respective nation. He also took part in the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey where he gained more praise for his talents after creating a huge impact in the tournament.<mask> went on to represent Colombia in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, where he scored his first world cup goal against Côte d'Ivoire in a group stage match on 19 June 2014. In the 2018 FIFA World Cup he scored against Japan, becoming the first Colombian to score in two FIFA World Cup competitions. His overall size and style of play as well as his left-foot has led him to be compared to Lionel Messi. Club career

Envigado
Born in Medellín, Colombia, he joined the youth squad for Envigado after an impressive performance during a youth tournament that took place in Medellin. Atlético Nacional
<mask> joined the ranks of Atlético Nacional during 2011. Loan to Pescara
He then joined the ranks of Serie A Pescara months after joining Nacional, wasting no time in impressing European scouts. It was reported in early 2013 that Inter Milan and Udinese have confirmed their bidding interest.Although Udinese is the only club to have made an official bid. In early April 2013, it was reported that <mask> suffered an injury and would be out for a month. In mid May 2013, <mask>a claimed that he has not been 'sold', it hinted <mask>'s desire to leave the club overall. Porto
Quintero joined Porto from Pescara for €5 million, with the Italian club retaining 50% of the economic rights. <mask> signed a four-year contract with a release clause of €40 million. <mask> made his first full debut appearance in the 2013 Emirates Cup against Napoli.He assisted Porto's first goal. 2013–14 season

<mask>'s first 'official' match with Porto began with the 2013 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, where he came on as a sub after 76 minutes when Porto were already ahead by 3-0. Porto went on to win the match, thus giving <mask>'s very first silverware not only in Europe, but in his club career. <mask> debut in his first league match for the club against Vitoria Setubal, coming on as a sub and scoring less than a minute later. <mask> provided his first assist for the club two weeks later against P. Ferreira in a 1–0 victory. In a match against Vitória de Guimarães, <mask> drew a penalty that was successfully converted, thus granting him an assist in a 1–0 home victory. <mask> came in on the 90th minute against F.C.Arouca where he was then fouled near the box. He then converted an impressive free kick goal, seconds after only coming in. In late October, <mask> suffered a hamstring injury, expecting to be out for a month. Following his return in December, <mask> requested to play with the B-squad in order to keep his fitness up if he's not to get guarantee minutes with the A-squad. After a long period of matches spent solely on the bench, or coming on as a late substitute during Paulo Fonseca's time as manager, averaging around 20 minutes per game in the league, <mask> found his way back into the team under new manager Luís Castro. <mask>'s next significant performance was against Napoli in the Europa League, where he came close to scoring his first goal in European competition, when a Napoli defender's clearance rebounded off his leg and hit the post. <mask> scored his third goal of the season against Belenenses, coming on as a half time substitute and setting up several opportunities for teammate and fellow countryman Jackson Martínez, but eventually it would be <mask> who decided the game with the only goal in a 1–0 victory.Teammate Líca provided a low cross which was parried out by Belenenses goalkeeper Matt Jones, and <mask> came in for the rebound, driving a low shot underneath Matt Jones and in the back of the net. <mask> made his first 90-minute appearance for Porto on 6 April 2014, in a home match against Académica. He provided somewhat of an assist, again for Jackson Martinez, when he was fouled in the box in the 38th minute, which resulted in a converted Jackson Martínez penalty. <mask> then scored his fourth goal of the season a week later, in the 91st minute in a 3–1 victory over S.C. Braga, after a counterattack which he started. On 21 April, <mask> came on as a second-half substitute against fellow northerners Rio Ave and made a significant impact to the match. He was involved in all three of the goals, but only got one direct assist. A chipped through ball to Jackson Martinez resulted in him being brought down for a penalty, which Martínez scored.Next, another chipped through ball to Héctor Herrera resulted in a headed goal. The third goal of the game came from FC Porto right back Danilo, who scored a deflected free kick after <mask> had been fouled just outside the box. 2014–15 season
<mask> missed Porto's first league game of the season due to a death in the family, but returned to the Porto squad for the next league match versus Paços de Ferreira. Coming on for the injured Cristian Tello, he provided the assist, yet again for fellow Colombian Jackson Martínez, for the only goal in a 1–0 victory for Porto. <mask> scored his first goal of the season against F.C. Arouca from long distance, Porto ended up winning 0-5. On 16 December 2014, Porto purchased the remaining 50% economic rights of <mask> from Pescara for €4.5 million, giving them complete ownership of him.Loan to Rennes

2015–16
<mask> signed a one-season length loan with Ligue 1 side Rennes. <mask> made his debut against OGC Nice, coming on as a sub and providing an assist in a 1–4 loss. <mask> would eventually score his first goal for the club in the match against SM Caen, resulting in a 1–1 draw. <mask> stated in an interview that he intended to return to Porto after his loan ended despite rumors linking him to a stay. Loan to Independiente Medellín

2017
On 13 September 2016 it was reported that <mask> would return to the top flight Colombian league on loan to Independiente Medellín from Porto on a contract through December 2017. Loan to River Plate
On 24 January 2018, <mask> joined Argentine club River Plate on loan for one year. The deal reportedly was settled in €300,000 and included a buyout clause of €5 million.He got the number 8, and scored the winning goal for River Plate against Boca Juniors. He also made the famous pass to Pity Martinez to seal the deal 3-1. He's got a tattoo on the calf of his leg commemorating the occasion: River Plate's 4th Copa Libertadores. River Plate

2019
River Plate made the transfer for <mask> for the amount of €3.5 million. Then, <mask>er took the number 10 after the departure of Pity Martinez to the MLS. He renewed his contract to June 2022 and included a buyout clause of €22 million. In August 2019, he was nominated for the 2019 FIFA Puskás Award for his goal scored against Racing Club.His goal eventually finished third, behind second place Lionel Messi, and winner Dániel Zsóri. International career

Youth

2013 South American Youth Championship
<mask> was called to represent Colombia wearing the number 10 jersey at the 2013 South American Youth Championship. In the first match against Paraguay, he was voted man of the match after an impressive display setting up the 1–0 victory goal. In the match against a powerful Chile team, <mask> scored a penalty although Colombia lost 2–1. In the match against Bolivia, <mask> assisted four of the six goals in a 6–0 victory. In the final group stage match against Argentina, Colombia had already qualified thus he did not play until the second half where he scored with an amazing 50 yard free kick despite losing the match 2–3. In the first match of the final round, <mask> scored again from an impressive distance in a 2–1 victory over Ecuador.This brought his goal tally to three and his assist tally to four. <mask> scored with a penalty against Peru in a 1–0 allowing Colombia to qualify for the 2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Turkey. In the final match against Paraguay who were also Colombia's very first opponent in the U20 South American Youth Championships, he scored a goal in a 2–1 victory where Colombia won the Youth Championships in South America for the third time. In total, <mask> had scored 5 goals and assisted 4 making him MVP of the championship for contributing more than any other player in the tournament. <mask> was set to join the U20 squad again for the 2013 Toulon Tournament, but Pescara refused to allow him to his call-up. Prior to the U-20 World Cup, <mask> scored with an impressive free kick in a friendly against the U-20 squad of France. 2013 U-20 FIFA World Cup

<mask> played an entertaining opening match performance of the U-20 FIFA World Cup that was held in Turkey.He made impressive shots with his free kicks as well as creating impressive chances. He set up Colombia's goal in the 78th minute where the game ended 1–1. In the match against host nation Turkey, <mask> scored a wonderful goal from outside the box (20 yards), winning the game 1–0 and allowing Colombia to top the group. In the last group match against El Savador, <mask> assisted the first goal and sealed the victory with an amazing 25 yard goal, allowing Colombia to win 3–0 and win the group. <mask> then played in the next match against South Korea, and managed to save Colombia into extra time with an impressive free kick in the last few seconds of full-time. However, Colombia went on to lose on penalties eventually where he scored one in a 7–8 loss. Despite Colombia failing to progress, <mask> was praised as the best player in the group stages.His goal against El Salvador was later voted as best goal of the tournament. Olympics Squad
<mask> expressed great interest in representing Colombia in 2016 for the Olympics in Brazil. In February 2016, <mask> was called up to play back to back friendlies against Honduras. He made his debut in the first match resulting in a 1–1 draw. Days later in the second match, he scored with a free kick in a 2-2 draw. Senior
In 2012, <mask> was called for the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Peru and Ecuador, without making an appearance. He made his international debut in a friendly match against Cameroon later in the same year.2014 World Cup and Friendlies
On 2 June 2014, <mask> was named in Colombia's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup and assigned the number 20 shirt. He made his World Cup debut against Ivory Coast in the group stage, coming on for Victor Ibarbo in the 53rd minute, and scored his first international goal to decide the 2–1 win for Los Cafeteros. In a friendly against Bahrain, <mask> assisted Radamel Falcao's first goal in a 6–0 victory. 2018 World Cup
In May 2018, he was named in Colombia's preliminary 35 man squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. On 19 June 2018, he scored in the opening game against Japan with a free kick under the wall to tie the match 1–1 that ended in a 2–1 defeat. On 24 June 2018, <mask> played 73 minutes in Colombia's 3–0 victory over Poland and assisted to Radamel Falcao's goal in the 70th minute of the game. Four days later on 28 June 2018, he played 90 minutes of Colombia's final game in the group stage and provided the winning assist to Yerry Mina's goal off of a corner kick to secure first place in group H. On 3 July 2018, he played 88 minutes in the round of 16 game against England.He did not provide any goals or assists and Colombia went on to lose the game 3–4 on penalties. His goal against Japan was voted the second best goal of the tournament, after Benjamin Pavard's goal against Argentina. Style of play

<mask> is well known for his creativity for playmaking and as a supportive player in general. His ball control and dribbling has stood him out from most players his age as well as his free kicks, which he has shown to be profound in. Left footed, <mask> is sometimes considered to be another 'James Rodríguez' due to their similar traits (as well as being only 2 years younger, while also playing for the youth national squads of Colombia after Rodriguez's time), although Rodriguez plays more of a forward midfielder/winger whereas <mask> plays more in a neutral mid-center position. This means that he fully commits to a playmaker role, although he does contain remarkable dribbling ability and carries high accuracy with shots on goal

Due to his size, <mask> naturally has a lower center of gravity allowing him to have higher balance, agility, and speed similar to that of Lionel Messi. Despite many other young talents drawing comparisons to Messi as well, <mask> is highlighted to be a very 'close replica' to the point where he also been referenced to a 'Diego Maradona' as well.Although all these are natural comparisons due to the fact that he can also effectively run with the ball in limited spaces, and maintain a very sharp technical mindset to that of the Argentinean legends themselves. However, despite the comparisons, <mask> does not carry the strength of Maradona nor is he balanced with his weak foot like Messi. Although, <mask> states that his main inspiration was from watching Brazilian legend Rivaldo as a child. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first. Honours
Porto
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2013

River Plate
Supercopa Argentina: 2017
Copa Libertadores: 2018

Colombia U20
South American Youth Championship: 2013

Individual
2013 South American Youth Championship MVP
2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup Best goal of the tournament. References

External links

Profile at Dimayor

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Medellín
Association football midfielders
Colombian footballers
Colombia international footballers
Colombia under-20 international footballers
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Envigado F.C. players
Atlético Nacional footballers
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
FC Porto players
FC Porto B players
Stade Rennais F.C.players
Independiente Medellín footballers
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
Colombian expatriate footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Categoría Primera A players
Serie A players
Primeira Liga players
Ligue 1 players
Argentine Primera División players
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in France
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
2018 FIFA World Cup players

masks:
Juan Fernando Quintero Paniagua
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title: Aaron Chorin

type: original

texts:
<mask> (; August 3, 1766August 24, 1844) was a  Hungarian rabbi and pioneer of early religious reform. He favored the use of the organ and of prayers in the vernacular, and was instrumental in founding schools along modern lines. Chorin became a pivotal figure for reformers, although he himself still operated inside a traditional framework. He also interested himself in public affairs—he took an active part in the efforts for Jewish emancipation, and was very influential with the state authorities. Early years
<mask> was born in Hranice (Přerov District), Moravia, Austria (now in the Czech Republic) in 1766. At the age of fourteen he studied in the yeshivah of Rabbi Jeremiah Mattersdorf in Mattersburg, Austria, and two years later at Prague in the higher Talmudical school of Ezekiel Landau. Here he also learned German.Chorin married on December 26, 1783, and entered commerce; but his business career being unsuccessful, he accepted the post of rabbi at Arad in the spring of 1789, which he occupied till his death. His First Work
In 1798, Chorin published his first pamphlet, Imre No'am (אמרי נועם Words of Pleasantness), in which he argued that as the sturgeon had scales it was permitted as food according to Scripture. His opinion, although following that of Landau and other authorities, was strongly opposed by Mordecai Benet and his partisans. Rabbi Isaac Krieshaber of Páks wrote a refutation, Maḳḳel No'am (מקל נועם Staff of Pleasantness), which called forth a second pamphlet by Chorin, Shiryon Ḳasḳassim (שריון קשקשים Armour of Quills), (Prague, 1799). By his determined opposition to the traditional usages in Hungary, Chorin incurred the hostility of most of his colleagues. In the spring of 1802 he journeyed to the Somogy district. The favorable impression which his sermons made upon his Jewish hearers there induced him to consider himself as the future rabbi of this district, and on the title page of a pamphlet he published he assumed this title.The rich and prominent Moses Lakenbacher, president of the congregation of Nagykanizsa, promised Chorin his influence with his brethren of the district; but when Lakenbacher became aware of the strong opposition of the conservative party against the reformer he soon turned against him. Opposition by the Orthodox
At Prague in 1803, Chorin published 'Emeḳ ha-Shaweh (Vale of the Plain), a work divided into three parts. The first and most important part, Rosh Amanah (Head of the Perennial Stream), in which he granted to the spiritual guides of the people authority to modify the traditional laws and adapt them to the requirements of the time, led to much opposition to him. Chorin treats of Maimonides' thirteen articles of faith, and gives evidence of knowledge rare among his Hungarian contemporaries. Next to the Halakha, Chorin also interpreted the Aggadah in a philosophical way. This method he applied in like manner to the Zohar, which he, far from all mysticism, considered as a rich source of speculative knowledge. This view referred only to the theoretic or intuitive, and not the practical, Kabbalah, the belief in which he considered as contradictory to sound reason.At the beginning of this book are printed the approbation of Rabbi Moses Münz and a eulogistic Hebrew poem of Rabbi Moses Kunitz. This work gave great offense to the Orthodox party, which thwarted the publication of a second edition, for which Chorin had prepared many corrections and additions. Benet wrote to the Arad congregation that the book contained heresies and must be burned. The congregation, however, stood by their rabbi; but some of its members sided with Benet, and their leader, a rich man, publicly insulted Chorin while he was preaching. The Arad board now applied to Münz to certify that the book contained no heresies. Having given his approbation to the author, Münz was in a great dilemma, since he was urged by the Orthodox party to condemn Chorin and to inflict upon him an exemplary punishment. He concluded to yield to the insinuations, and on September 1, 1805, he invited two rabbis to come to Óbuda to form with him a tribunal before which Chorin was summoned.The session of the court was prolonged to the next day, but then Münz failed to appear. Sentence Pronounced
Samuel Butschowitz, rabbi of Aszod, now pronounced sentence that "Chorin must retract the contents of his book. Should he refuse to do so, his beard will be cut off as a penalty for his heretical transgressions." Thereupon <mask>, whom the populace had stoned in the courtyard of the synagogue, declared that he subordinated his views to those of the theologians of his time, and desired that his book be suppressed. The court also decreed a reduction of Chorin's salary, but the board of his congregation indignantly rejected this decree. Chorin appealed to the imperial government which, on June 24, 1806, annulled the judgment and condemned the leader of his adversaries at Arad to pay the expenses of the lawsuit; the same was also to be punished for his scandalous conduct on Shabbat Shuvah, 1804. Chorin declared that he forgave his adversary, and declined his claims for compensation of the expenses.To avoid further trouble, he determined to give up writing. Attitude Toward Reform
The Reform movement among the Jews of Hamburg met his hearty approval. In Ḳin'at ha-Emet (Zeal for Truth), a paper written on April 7, 1818, and published in the collection Nogah ha-Ẓedeḳ (Light of Righteousness), he declared himself in favor of reforms, such as German prayers, the use of the organ, and other liturgical modifications. The principal prayers, the Shema', and the eighteen benedictions, however, should be said in Hebrew, he declared, as this language keeps alive the belief in the restoration of Israel. He also pleaded for opening the temple for daily service. Influenced by Münz, Chorin recalled this writing on February 19, 1819; but a year later he published Dabar be-'Itto (A Word in Its Time), in which he reaffirmed the views expressed in Ḳin'at ha-Emet, and pleaded strongly for the right of Reform. A German translation by Löb Herzfeld appeared at Vienna.This directed upon him the attention of the progressive party in Austria and in Germany. Michael Lazar Biedermann, a prominent man, proposed the appointment of Chorin at the new temple to be erected at Vienna; but the government being opposed to it, Isaac Noah Mannheimer was elected instead. Consulted by Baden
The government of the grand duchy of Baden asked Chorin (on February 3, 1821), through the banker S. Haber, for his opinion about the duties of a rabbi, and about the reforms in the Austrian states. Chorin answered by writing Iggeret Elasaf, or Letter of an African Rabbi to His Colleagues in Europe, which was published by M. I. Landau (Prague, 1826). In it he stated that the Torah comprised religious truths and religious laws, the latter partly applicable only in Palestine, partly obligatory everywhere. These may be temporarily suspended, but not entirely abolished, by a competent authority, such as a synod. Only ordinances and precautionary laws which are of human origin may be abrogated in conformity with the circumstances of the time.As for mere customs and usages (minhagim), the government, after having consulted Jewish men of knowledge, may modify or abolish them; but in no other way may it interfere with religious affairs. Chorin also pleaded for the establishment of consistories, schools, a theological seminary, and for the promotion of agriculture and professions among the Jews. Some of these ideas he carried out in his own congregation, which included a great number of mechanics. He succeeded in founding a school, and introducing liturgical reforms into the synagogue; even an organ was installed at his instance. He permitted the eating of rice and pulse during the days of Passover. To his theory of a synod regulating and modifying Jewish laws and customs, Chorin always adhered. In his Treue Bote (Prague, 1831) he declared himself against the transfer of the Sabbath to Sunday, but expressed the opinion that, considering the requirements of our time, synods might mitigate the severity of the Sabbatical laws, especially in regard to traveling and writing.In another treatise, Hillel, which appeared at Buda in 1835, he interpreted the prophetic promises about the reuniting of Israel to signify the establishing of a supreme religious authority at Jerusalem. Hillel, in the form of a dialogue, and other contributions of his pen were published in the fourth volume of Bikkure ha-'Ittim. In 1819 he wrote Abaḳ Sofer (The Dust of a Writer), published by Landau (Prague, 1828), containing glosses about Yoreh De'ah, Eben ha-'Ezer, the phylacteries, an exposition of Proverbs I.10, et seq., and two riddles. In his Yeled Zeḳunim (Child of Old Age), (Vienna, 1839), partly in Hebrew, partly in German, he again strongly advocated practical reforms in regard to railroad traveling on the Sabbath and on holidays, the abridgment of the seven days of mourning, the use of the organ, etc., and gave a short sketch of his life. His biographer, Leopold Löw, wrote an introduction to this work. In consequence of the Damascus affair in 1840, Chorin republished the apology written in 1753 by Sonnenfels, in which the author proves the falsity of the blood accusation. Chorin added an introduction and Löw a biographical notice.On July 26, 1844, during the last weeks of his life, he wrote from his sick-bed a declaration expressing his full accord with the Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick, and on August 11 he sent an address to the conference of Hungarian rabbis at Páks. He died at Arad, Romania. He took an active part in the efforts for Jewish emancipation, and was very influential with the state authorities. His grandson, <mask>, was a Hungarian deputy. Inscription

Bibliography
 Leopold Löw. Gesammelte Schriften, Szegedin, 1889–90, ii. 251-420
 Jost, Culturgeschichte, Berlin, 1847, iii.24-25, 73-75, 175-176
 Moritz Steinschneider, Cat. Bodl. No. 4751, pp. 845–846
 Julius Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i.176
 Joseph Zedner, Cat. Hebr. Books Brit. Mus. pp. 186–187
 William Zeitlin, Bibl. Hebr.Post-Mendelssohniana, pp. 56–57
 Allg. Zeit. des Jud.1844, pp. 547–551
 Jost's Annalen, 1840, pp. 205–208
 Literaturblatt des Orients, ii., No. 33."Chief Rabbi Aron <mask>: writings and contemporary references". Leopold Loew: Aron <mask>, a biographical sketch; translated from Romanian by Loredana Roman and Oana Bulzan; introductory study, critical apparatus and text review by Claudia Ursutiu; bibliographical references by Lucian-Zeev Herscovici. Arad: "Vasile Goldiș" University Press & Hereditas Association, 2016,  pp. 28-32. Notes

1766 births
1844 deaths
People from Hranice (Přerov District)
Czech rabbis
18th-century Hungarian people
19th-century Hungarian people
18th-century Bohemian people
19th-century Czech people
Hungarian Reform rabbis
Hungarian rabbis
Hungarian people of Czech descent

masks:
Aaron Chorin
Chorin
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Franz Chorin
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title: Chris Hoofnagle

texts:
<mask> is an American professor at the University of California, Berkeley who teaches information privacy law, computer crime law, regulation of online privacy, internet law, and seminars on new technology. <mask> has contributed to the privacy literature by writing privacy law legal reviews and conducting research on the privacy preferences of Americans. Notably, his research demonstrates that most Americans prefer not to be targeted online for advertising and despite claims to the contrary, young people care about privacy and take actions to protect it. <mask> has written scholarly articles regarding identity theft, consumer privacy, U.S. and European privacy laws, and privacy policy suggestions. <mask> is a professor and attorney at Gunderson Dettmer LLP. He has served as an advisor for several student projects at the University of California, Berkeley School of Information. He advised Ashkan Soltani and his colleagues on their article "Flash Cookies and Privacy".Hoofnagle and Soltani published a follow-up on this work in 2011 documenting the use of "HTTP ETags" to store persistent identifiers. This research was also published in the Harvard Policy Law Review as "Behavioral Advertising: The Offer You Cannot Refuse," and won the CPDP 2014 Multidisciplinary Privacy Research Award. Privacy Literature Contributions

Identity Theft
Today, most information regarding identity theft incidents is gathered from the victims whose identities are being stolen. As a result, many aspects regarding identity theft are still unknown. This is because of missing data on synthetic identity theft (situations of identity theft where victims aren’t aware of the crime), the fact that most victims don’t report identity theft to criminal authorities, and the fact that the FBI may decline to investigate identity theft cases due to lack of resources. In fact, less than one in 32 victims of identity theft file an official complaint on the issue. Because of these issues, Hoofnagle argues that identity theft information should be gathered from financial institutions.Financial institutions are a central actor during identity theft crimes as they are the institution that imposters use to steal money, they undergo nonpayment after imposters steal money, and they recharge victims after nonpayment. Thus, financial institutions have the most interaction with the imposter, which makes them the best player to gather information about identity theft, according to Hoofnagle. <mask> believes that financial institutions should be required to track the number of identity theft instances that taken place or been avoided, identify the targeted product of the thief, and report the loss suffered or avoided. He argues that these policies will garner more information regarding identity theft, helping institutions avoid the problem in the future. Hoofnagle’s research also discovered that larger institutions that focused on credit card accounts had relatively higher rates of identity fraud than smaller institutions. He argues that this may contradict consumer expectations, as consumers may believe that larger institutions have the tools necessary to avoid identity fraud problems. Consumer Privacy

Social networking services
Although signing up for social networking services (SNSs) like Instagram and Facebook do not cost any money to access, Hoofnagle argues that there is a great price for this transaction: the collection of personal information.As consumers post more on SNSs, the SNSs gather more and more personal information on the consumer. Data can be collected directly by tracking the smartphone owner’s posts or storing information from other phone applications on the device. It can also be collected indirectly from information that other people store about the smartphone owner on their own devices. Hoofnagle argues that this transaction represents a loss of privacy for consumers. By freely revealing personal information, consumers leave themselves more vulnerable to data collection, identity theft, fraud, and stalking. Additionally, consumers do not know how their information will be used in the future. It is almost impossible to delete information that has been posted on SNSs, and consumers do not know how that information will be dealt with.Internet tracking
There are many methods of internet tracking, including Flash cookies, ETags, HTML5 local storage,  Evercookies, and browser fingerprinting. In a study, <mask> discovered that there was a dramatic increase in the use of standard cookies between 2009 and 2011. Additionally, most cookies were placed by third-party hosts, which is mainly made up of advertisers. <mask> argues that modern privacy regulation would give consumers more choices in the marketplace. He denies that government intervention of this kind is paternalistic in nature. Commercial Data Brokers
Commercial data brokers (CDBs) are businesses that collect personal information on individuals and sell it. Hoofnagle argues that CDBs like ChoicePoint perform law enforcement duties by allowing the police to download collections of information about individuals.He thinks that CDBs should be regulated by the Privacy Act of 1974 as a result. He argues that government access to CDBs gives law enforcement information that they would not be able to collect legally, presenting a significant legal issue. <mask> presents three policy solutions to protect personal data from law enforcement. He believes that commercial and government collection of information shouldn't be distinct, public records should be compatible with modern technology, and the Privacy Act of 1974 should apply to CDBs. Physical vs Digital Goods
In “What We Buy When We Buy Now,” authors Aaron Perzanowski and <mask> explore a common misconception regarding consumer rights when buying digital goods; specifically, the misconception that the same regulations govern physical and digital media. The authors called their study The Mediashop Study. After conducting a web-based survey, they discovered that most consumers believe that digital goods and physical goods have the same rights to use and transfer.For example, just like an individual can easily transfer a physical book to someone, most consumers believe they have this same ability with digital books. This is not the case under current digital ownership rights. The study also revealed that consumers would be willing to pay more for the right to transfer digital goods and that adding a short notice that explains consumers’ digital rights would be effective in reducing consumer misperceptions. Privacy Policies
Hoofnagle argues that there are limitations to the FTC's privacy policy approach. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is the primary consumer protection agency in the United States. Despite the FTC’s commitment to the self-regulation of privacy, Hoofnagle argues that consumers are very concerned about their private information being collected. In “The Federal Trade Commission and Consumer Privacy in the Coming Decade,” <mask> and the other authors explain how most Americans believe that a company’s privacy policy explains how their information will remain private.However, in reality, privacy policies merely detail how website will use a consumer’s private information. Based on their research, the authors conclude that privacy notices alone are insufficient for consumer privacy. To advance privacy, the authors suggest that the FTC make three provisions: police the term “privacy policy,” consult with experts in usability to create privacy-protecting mechanisms, and set benchmarks for self-regulation. Privacy Law

Europe
The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the E.U. 's law on data protection. Hoofnagle argues that the GDPR is "the most consequential regulatory development in information policy in a generation." The GDPR applies to situations where "personal data" is "processed," so virtually all actions involving personal data are protected under the GDPR.The GDPR also places significant burden on data controllers (e.g. companies) to ensure the privacy of consumer information. For instance, they must keep records of all their data processing, adopt a data protection policy, and be transparent on their data usage. Exemptions to the regulations of the GDPR are data activity of personal use or national security. Consequences for breaking the rules of the GDPR include sanctions and fines, and Data Protection Authorities are the main enforcers of the GDPR's regulations. The United States
The U.S.'s Privacy Act of 1974 and Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 (FCRA) are the framework for U.S. privacy law. <mask> argues that these regulations don't adequately protect privacy, as many companies have found loopholes to them.He argues that the problem with the Privacy Act is that it only applies to the federal government and private companies that work for the government. It does not apply to other private companies or data brokers. <mask> additionally criticizes the FCRA for solely applying to "consumer reporting agencies" that use "consumer reports." Consumer reports solely concern communication on a consumer relating to credit evaluation, employment screening, insurance underwriting, or licensing, and all other uses are not protected by the FCRA. <mask> and Daniel Solove propose a series of regulations that they label as “The Model Regime” as solutions to the problems they propose with U.S. privacy law. These solutions include:

 Universal notice of when companies collect individuals’ private information
 Meaningful consent of consumers when data is collected
 Meaningful exercise of consumers’ rights,
 Effective individual management of consumer reporting
 Accessing personal information that companies store
 Greater security of information
 Disclosing security breaches
 Limiting use of social security numbers
 Regulating access to public records
 Limiting use of background checks
 Regulating private investigators
 Limiting government access to business and financial records
 Regulating government data mining
 Updating the Privacy Act
 Effectively enforcing privacy rights

Europe and U.S. Compared
One key divergence between the United States and Europe with regard to privacy is how privacy is discussed legally.In the U.S., conceptions of privacy are broadly categorized as "privacy" or "information privacy" issues. On the other hand, European law distinguishes between information privacy and data protection. While data protection ensures the due process of data, privacy refers to the right to a private life (e.g. private family life and private home). Additionally, while the GDPR places the burden of the privacy of consumer information on data controllers, U.S. privacy law places this burden on data subjects. This means that in the U.S., consumers are responsible for reading privacy notices and determining for themselves whether they feel like their private information will be protected. New Transaction Systems
In 2013, Hoofnagle conducted an experiment along with Jennifer Urban and Su Li regarding American opinion towards privacy in new transaction systems (e.g.mobile payment systems). An advantage of mobile payment systems is that they serve as a digital wallet, allowing consumers the convenience of making transactions online. They also have the potential for better payment security. However, a privacy concern that Hoofnagle and the authors identify is that this new technology allows merchants to collect personally-identifiable contact information regarding consumers, a feature that is not provided in a typical credit card transactions. The authors' research suggested that Americans are opposed to systems that track them when they browse stores and share their information after purchases (e.g. sharing their phone number). Cybercrime
In “Deterring Cybercrime: Focus on Intermediaries,” authors Aniket Kesari, <mask>, and Damon McCoy prove how intermediaries can limit cybercrime.According to the authors, cybercriminals rely on many intermediaries to commit illegal acts. These include methods of acquiring new customers, web hosting, collecting payments, and the delivery of products. While most of the legal scholarship on cybercrime grants intermediaries’ general immunity from the illegal acts of users, the authors argue that intermediaries should be required to take action against criminal activities of users. The authors list examples of current methods to force intermediaries to take action. An example of a government-led intervention includes domain name seizures. This is authorized by the PRO-IP Act, giving the federal government the authority to seize a website accused of illegal activity. An example of private companies limiting the harm of cybercriminals includes the eBay Verified Rights Online (VeRO) Program.This program prevents sellers from illegally marketing and selling items. The Tethered Economy
Tethering typically refers to linking mobile devices together. However, in “The Tethered Economy” by <mask>, Aniket Kesari, and Aaron Perzanowski, the authors refer to tethering as the connection and dependence of goods on sellers for their operation. Examples of tethered devices include Google Home, Amazon Alexa, smart kitchen appliances, and other Internet of Things devices. All of these items depend on consumers for their functionality. The benefits of tethering are that tethered products increase trade generativity, may be safer to use, and have the potential for new and personalized functions over time. One harm of tethering includes the fact that manufacturers decide the durability of products through bricking, feature reduction, altering the terms of the bargain.Tethering also presents information risks, since devices are constantly collecting information on consumer behavior. Lastly, tethering reduces choice and competition in the market, raising switching costs that may lock consumers into particular devices or platforms. For example, it may be hard to switch to Microsoft devices once a consumer already owns many Apple devices. The authors present legal interventions that can change the relationship between sellers and buyers and address the tethering of the economy. Contracts, tort law, and antitrust and consumer protection laws are all suggested reforms to address consumer problems that arise from tethering; however, the authors argue that no single approach will solve all of the problems discussed in the article. See Also

 Information privacy
 Identity theft
 Identity fraud
 Privacy law
 Privacy law in the United States
 Consumer privacy

References

External links

 Official site

Living people
Educators from California
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Chris Jay Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Career Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Chris Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Hoofnagle
Chris Hoofnagle
Chris Hoofnagle


title: Douglas Botting

texts:
<mask> (22 February 1934 – 6 February 2018) was an English explorer, author, biographer and TV presenter and producer. He wrote biographies of naturalists Gavin Maxwell and Gerald Durrell (the former also being a personal friend). He was the inspiration behind and writer of the 1972 BBC comedy show The Black Safari, a role-reversal comedy show with Africans touring England. He also featured in much other BBC programming, including Under London Expedition exploring the London sewerage system, as part of the BBC2 nature series The World About Us. He wrote numerous Second World War and early aviation books for Time Life Books. <mask> took part, with Anthony Smith, in the first balloon flight over Africa. Biography

<mask> was born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey; he lived in and went to school in Worcester Park.Having witnessed the London Blitz first-hand, he went on to make documentaries and write historical records of the Second World War and aviation. <mask> got an early flavour of travel when he served as an infantry subaltern for the King's African Rifles in Kenya, as part of his National Service. He went on to study English at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, during which time he undertook a pioneering exploration of the little-known island of Socotra in the Indian Ocean. His first book, Island of the Dragon's Blood, is an account of this trip. During Oxford and post-Oxford years, he volunteered and worked in a variety of positions, including as a paramilitary ambulance unit member during the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, as a private tutor to the Crown Prince of Nepal, as a worker in a leper colony in Biafra, and as a trainer for ex-head-hunter tribes undergoing re-training in the Venezuelan rainforest. However, he chose documentary filmmaking, and investigative journalism as his career. As a BBC Special Correspondent to the former USSR, he reported news events such as the first cosmonauts' homecoming and Fidel Castro's state visit, and was the first person from west of the Iron Curtain since the Russian Revolution of 1917 to travel voluntarily among the nomadic reindeer tribes of Arctic Siberia and the Gulag.<mask> went on to make documentary films for organisations including National Geographic, the BBC, Time Life and Royal Geographical Society. Among his other occupations was that of writing: <mask> wrote a series of Time Life Books on the Second World War, early aviation and maritime vessels. His foray into investigative journalism included several other Second World War books, including the best-selling Nazi Gold: The Story of the World's Greatest Robbery - And Its Aftermath. His back-to-back biographies of Gavin Maxwell and Gerald Durrell also earned him praise. He was the father of newsreader <mask>. His former wife is the broadcaster and company director <mask>. Explorations
<mask> was an accomplished explorer in his own right.He undertook a systematic explorations of Socotra while at university, and was part of the world's first balloon journey over Africa, the first British balloon journey across the High Alps, and the first vessel ever to voyage by inland waterways from the Amazon to the Caribbean via the unexplored rain forests of the Casiquiare and Orinoco. Bibliography

Island of the Dragon's Blood (illustrated by A.

masks:
Douglas Scott Botting
Botting
Botting
Botting
Botting
Botting
Anna Botting
Louise Botting
Botting


title: Nicky Silver

texts:
<mask> is an American playwright. Formerly of Philadelphia, he resides in London. Many of his plays have been produced off-Broadway, and also at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company in Washington, D.C. Biography

Early life
As a teen, <mask> attended Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Training Center in upstate New York. He graduated from the New York University (NYU) Tisch School of the Arts. Career
Many of his early plays were originally produced off-off-Broadway at the Vortex Theatre in New York. Later, his plays premiered at Off-Broadway venues such as the Vineyard Theatre and Playwrights Horizons.<mask> noted: "My first real break came when the artistic director of the Woolly Mammoth Theatre in Washington, D.C. happened to walk in and saw, 'Fat Man in Skirts.'" Several of his plays received  premieres at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company in Washington, DC, including Fat Men in Skirts (1991), Free Will and Wanton Lust (January 1993) and The Food Chain (1993-94 season). In her review of Fat Men in Skirts at Woolly Mammoth Theatre for The Washington Post, Lloyd Rose wrote: "<mask> is a modern American absurdist in the tradition of John Guare or Harry Kondoleon, but more of a lowbrow. His go-for-the-laugh instincts are as naked as any sitcom writer's. The dizzying, rather wonderful thing about "Fat Men in Skirts" is that such a shallow technique is made to serve such a deep and anguished vision. <mask> never met a pain he couldn't laugh at." Pterodactyls was produced Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre in October 1993.Ben Brantley wrote in his New York Times review: "His grimly witty play 'Pterodactyls' recycles all the cliches of the unraveling all-American family and scales them up to the point that they become poignantly grotesque symbols of a species on the verge of extinction... staged with firecracker snap by David Warren and illuminated by several incandescent performances, 'Pterodactyls' offers, for its first three-quarters, as much antic fizz as any comedy in town." Pterodactyls gained additional recognition in the media because the play was produced with large dinosaurs by sculptor Jim Gary in its sets. Raised in Captivity was produced at the Vineyard Theater in March 1995. Ben Brantley wrote in his New York Times review: "The roads to alienation, as modern literature can testify, are many and varied. But they have seldom been mapped out with the fearless combination of comic artifice and heart-wrenching empathy that Mr. <mask> brings to them. 'Raised in Captivity' is about guilt, redemption and self-punishment, and against all odds, it is also very funny." His plays Pterodactyls and Raised in Captivity received back-to-back Drama Desk Award nominations for Outstanding Play in 1994 and 1995, respectively.His play The Food Chain ran Off-Broadway at the Westside Theatre in August 1995 to June 1996, (initially produced at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre) with direction by Robert Falls and a cast that featured Hope Davis, Patrick Fabian and Phyllis Newman. Ben Brantley in his New York Times review wrote: "In 'The Food Chain,' <mask>'s toxic, fractured tale of sex, loneliness and the importance of being thin, the pursuit of love is an even more convoluted process than usual. It's hard, after all, to forge a relationship when all you can really hear is the sound of your own voice. For the poisonously funny, image-obsessed Manhattanites in the play, all the world's a mirror. It's no accident that much of this breathless comedy of neuroses at the Westside Theater is made up of monologues, even though there are nearly always at least two people onstage." The play was nominated for the Outer Critics Circle Award as Outstanding Off-Broadway Play, and won the Obie Award, Performance for Tom McGowan. <mask> wrote the new book for the Broadway revival of the Rodgers and Hart musical, The Boys from Syracuse, produced by the Roundabout Theater Company in 2002.The Lyons, opened on Broadway in April 2012, after an Off-Broadway run at the Vineyard Theater in 2011. It was his first play to be produced on Broadway. The play starred Linda Lavin and Dick Latessa. His play Too Much Sun premiered Off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre on May 1, 2014 in previews, officially on May 18, with direction by Mark Brokaw and starring Linda Lavin and  Jennifer Westfeldt. This Day Forward premiered Off-Broadway on November 21, 2016 at the Vineyard Theatre. The play, a comedy, is directed by Mark Brokaw and features Holley Fain and Michael Crane. Original plays (select)
 Fat Men in Skirts 1989 (Vortex Theatre); 1991 (Woolly Mammoth)
 Pterodactyls - 1993
 Free Will and Wanton Lust - 1993
 Raised in Captivity - 1995
 The Food Chain - 1995
 Fit to be Tied - 1996
 The Maiden's Prayer - 1998
 The Eros Trilogy, consisting of Claire, Philip and Roger and Miriam - 1999
 The Altruists - 2000
 Beautiful Child - 2004
 The Agony and the Agony - 2006
 Three Changes - 2008
 The Lyons - 2011
 Too Much Sun - 2014
 This Day Forward – 2016

Critical analysis
In the preface to his interview with <mask>, David Savran locates <mask>'s work in the tradition of dark farce created by gay playwrights such as Oscar Wilde, Joe Orton, and Christopher Durang.Theatre scholar Jordan Schildcrout has noted the recurring theme of the prodigal son in <mask>'s plays, and sees Todd in Pterodactyls as a symbolic figure who challenges and subverts homophobic stereotypes used to vilify gay men during the AIDS crisis. Awards and honors

 1994 - Pterodactyls - nominated for Outstanding Play, Drama Desk Awards
 1995 - Raised in Captivity - nominated for Outstanding Play, Drama Desk Awards
 2012 - The Lyons - nominated for Outstanding New Broadway Play; Mark Brokaw (Outstanding Director of a Play); and Linda Lavin (Outstanding Actress in a Play), Outer Critics Circle Award

References

External links
Official website

 <mask> at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
<mask> Plays at doollee.com

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Writers from Philadelphia
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
21st-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers

masks:
Nicky Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Nicky Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Silver
Nicky Silver
Nicky Silver


title: Kye Fleming

texts:
<mask> (born October 9, 1951) is an American singer/songwriter and music publisher working in Nashville, Tennessee. She was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2009 and has won more than 42 BMI Awards, including BMI Songwriter of the Year for 3 consecutive years (1981–83). Fifteen of her compositions have achieved over one million performances each. Some of the most successful songs <mask> has written or co-written include: "I Was Country When Country Wasn't Cool",  "Sleeping Single in a Double Bed", "Smoky Mountain Rain", "Roll On Mississippi", "Years", "I Wouldn't Have Missed It for the World", "Nobody","All Roads Lead to You", "Kansas City Lights", and "Give Me Wings". In 2012, she was an honoree of the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum's Poets and Prophets series which honors songwriters deemed to have made a significant contribution to country music. The series featured an extended interview with <mask> before an audience at the Country Music Hall of Fame, and film clips, recordings, and photos of <mask>'s life work and awards. Some of the artists who have recorded <mask>'s songs are: Barbara Mandrell, Ronnie Milsap, The Judds, Sylvia, Steve Wariner, Wynonna Judd, Joe Cocker, Charley Pride, Willie Nelson, Vince Gill, Janis Ian, Michael Johnson, Tina Turner, Amy Grant, and Bette Midler.Early life
Though <mask> born in Pensacola, Florida, she only lived there for two weeks. Her father was in the Navy and the family had to move often. At various times she lived in Hawaii, California, Texas, and Arkansas, but most years were spent in Fort Smith, Arkansas, which her family considers home. <mask> was exposed to music through uncles who played in country bands. She took up guitar in the ninth grade and immediately began writing songs – which she thought was easier than trying to learn somebody else's. <mask> knew then that she wanted to have a career in music. Joni Mitchell was her biggest influence."There's not a better lyricist", said <mask>. She attended the University of Arkansas with a vocal scholarship, and performed as a solo act in coffeehouses and bars during that time. In 1974, at the same time  that Elvis Presley was playing a show in Tulsa, Oklahoma, <mask> was singing in a hotel lounge in Tulsa, which happened to be the same hotel where  Presley's band was staying. Presley players Jerry Scheff, Ronnie Tutt, and Glen Hardin heard her perform and were impressed with her songs. Scheff told her that if she came to California, he could introduce her to some music publishers. She took the offer, packed her Ford Econoline van and headed west. The first publisher who spoke with her signed her.One of <mask>'s songs, "Falling, Falling, Gone" was recorded by the Williams Brothers and was performed by them on a broadcast of The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour. However, after about nine months, she felt she "wasn't sure", and returned to Arkansas. There, she again pursued a career as a solo artist. A successful audition at The Bitter End night club in New York's Greenwich Village got <mask> bookings at coffee houses across the country. At this time she said she didn't care if she was categorized as an artist or a songwriter. Along the way she dropped her first name, "Rhonda" to avoid confusion with an actress named "Rhonda <mask>". At age 26, she had a period of fatigue or frustration in the pursuit of a career and decided to take a little break and spend a couple of weeks back home in Arkansas.Within an hour of making that decision, her old friend (Jerry Scheff) just happened to call and said he was going to Nashville and had a meeting with a couple of publishers. He invited her to come to Nashville first before she went back home. Success
In Nashville in 1977, she met with producer/publisher Tom Collins at Pi-Gem Music, a meeting she described as "life-changing". She played some songs for him and said "tell me what you want and I can write it". He signed her as a staff writer and she was paired with songwriter Dennis Morgan who was an excellent guitarist and had more of a pop background. This duo set up a daily schedule to write beginning at 10 AM each weekday. She has called Dennis Morgan the "perfect creative partner".They averaged about one finished song per week. The <mask> duo then created one hit song after another for about 6 years. <mask>  was in touch with Tom Collins almost daily and could create a song targeted by him directly to one of his clients, including Ronnie Milsap, Barbara Mandrell, Sylvia, and others. <mask> said, "If he's cut a couple of songs on somebody and all of a sudden he says we need a song that's 'more country' than this, or 'more pop' or whatever to fill out an album then he can tell us." This arrangement not only benefitted Collins, but also the authors because it gave them a much greater chance that their songs would be recorded by established artists. At one point, Collins requested a song something like "Appalachian Rain" about the area of North Carolina where Ronnie Milsap was born. <mask> and Morgan came up with the song "Smoky Mountain Rain" which became a huge hit for Milsap.<mask> said it was "a matter of just talking about it—what it feels like in the Smokies". The song went to number one on both the country charts and Billboard's Adult Contemporary charts. Rolling Stone named it as of the "100 Greatest Country Songs of All Time". The song was designated the current "Tennessee State Song" in 2010 by the state legislature. She enjoyed working with Tom Collins' staff and developed a friendship with Collins' receptionist, Sylvia Jane Kirby (Allen), who had aspirations of becoming a recording artist herself. Collins finally acquiesced to her wish. <mask> and Morgan wrote two songs for the former receptionist who had decided to go only by her first name,  Sylvia.These were "Tumbleweed" and  "Nobody". The former was a top 10 hit, and latter reached #1 on the country charts and was a crossover hit, reaching #15 on the pop charts. The song "Nobody" was nominated for a Grammy and won BMI's 1982 Song of the Year for receiving more radio air play than any other song. Branching Out
Her reputation now established, <mask> moved on to writing other types of music including pop, R&B, and contemporary Christian. She co-wrote with successful singer/songwriter Janis Ian, including the hits "What About the Love" (Amy Grant) and "Some People's Lives" (Bette Midler). She co-wrote with Nashville Songwriters Hall of Famer Don Schlitz, creating the number one hit "Give Me Wings" (Michael Johnson). She also wrote material for prime-time television shows Murder She Wrote, Barbara Mandrell and the Mandrell Sisters, and Sonny & Cher.Later, <mask> became a music publisher and a mentor. She said, "I really love working with writers and artists whose dreams are on fire, but before they've had anything happen." An example would be her mentoring of the Arkansas group "Edens Edge" who impressed her when she was judging a song contest for the Nashville Songwriters Association International (NSAI). She formed KyeCatt Music, partnering with fellow songwriter Catt Gravitt. A major portion of the publishing rights to the Kye Fleming Song Catalog has been acquired by Hearts Bluff Music. Awards and honors
 Academy of Country Music Poet's Award (2019)
  Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame (2009)
  BMI Songwriter of the Year x 3 years (1981–83)
  NSAI Songwriter of the Year x 2 years (1981–82)
  over 42 BMI Awards in her career
  multiple CMA, ACM, DOVE and GRAMMY nominations
 BMI Pop Songwriter of the Year x 2 years
 CMA Triple Play Award (for 3 chart-topping hits in a 12-month period)
 BMI Country Song of the Year, (1983), "Nobody"
 10 Million-Air Award (10 million broadcast performances)
  author Tennessee State Song (2010) "Smoky Mountain Rain"

References

1951 births
Musicians from Pensacola, Florida
Country musicians from Florida
Country musicians from Tennessee
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
University of Arkansas alumni
Living people
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from Florida
21st-century American women

masks:
Rhonda Kye Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming Morgan
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming
Fleming


title: John Thomson of Duddingston

texts:
Rev <mask> FRSE HonRSA (1 September 177828 October 1840) was a Scottish minister of the Church of Scotland and noted amateur landscape painter. He was the minister of Duddingston Kirk from 1805 to 1840. Life
The youngest of eight children, <mask> was born in the manse at Dailly, Ayrshire, the fourth son of Mary Hay and her husband, Rev <mask>, the local parish minister of the Church of Scotland. He was educated at Dailly Parish School. From an early age, he displayed an aptitude for drawing and painting and, inspired by the Ayrshire countryside, developed a love for landscape painting. In 1791 he enrolled at the University of Glasgow to study law and theology, and in 1793 he transferred to the University of Edinburgh to study divinity. While there, he met many people who were prominent in Edinburgh artistic circles, including Walter Scott, and Alexander Nasmyth, the latter of whom who gave him art lessons.After graduating, <mask> returned to Ayrshire and was licensed as minister of the Church of Scotland, and subsequently ordained as minister of Dailly in 1800 in place of his father. In 1805 he was translated to Duddingston near Edinburgh and became the most famous minister of the local Kirk, remaining in the role until death in 1840. In 1814 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were <mask>, Archibald Alison, and Sir David Brewster. Whilst at Duddingston a very fine portrait of him was painted by Robert Scott Lauder who married <mask>'s daughter Isabella in 1833. <mask> died of apoplexy at Duddingston manse in 1840, having spent 41 years in the ministry. He was succeeded by Rev James Macfarlane.His grave in Duddingston churchyard is marked by a distinctive stone sarcophagus. Artistic aspects
<mask> had a studio at the foot of the manse garden on the shore of Duddingston Loch. Later, this was replaced by Duddingston Tower, a structure designed for Duddingston Curling Society in 1825 by William Playfair. The Society used the ground floor as their clubhouse, and <mask> used the upper floor of the tower, known today as "<mask>'s Tower", as his studio. The move to Duddingston allowed him to renew his acquaintances with men of influence in artistic circles and develop his art. Like his early teacher, Naysmith, <mask> believed in working outdoors, observing directly from nature. Influenced by the techniques of Rosa, Lorrain, Poussin, Raeburn and renowned English landscape artist Turner, he developed a broad Romantic style, and became a landscape artist with an established reputation.This allowed him to augment his small stipend and become quite wealthy through the sale of his paintings. In addition to Scott, Naysmith and Raeburn, <mask> was friendly with writer and fellow amateur artist, Thomas Dick Lauder, and such was <mask>s reputation that in 1818 he entertained Turner at his studio, who is said to have remarked of the outlook over the Loch: "By God sir, I envy you that piece of water." <mask> went on to collaborate with Turner in producing engravings to illustrate Walter Scott's Provincial Antiquities and Picturesque Scenery of Scotland, published in 1826. Recognising his talent, <mask>'s congregation nominated him to become a member of the Association of Artists in Edinburgh. He went on to receive honorary memberships of the Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland and the Royal Scottish Academy. Family

In 1801 he married Isabella Ramsay (1782-1809) daughter of Rev <mask> of Kirkmichael. Together they had a daughter Margaret (1806-1827).Their son <mask> MD (1802-1873) became mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon. <mask> (1803-1870) was a Captain in the HEICS. Their daughter <mask> (1809-1869) married the artist Robert Scott Lauder. In 1813, following Isabella's death he married Frances Ingram Spence (1779-1845). She was the widow of Martin Dalrymple of Fordel. They had further sons: <mask> MD (1814-1858); Henry Francis (b.1819); Edward (b.1821); and two daughters, Emily (b.1816) and Mary Helen (b.1817). His older brother was the antiquarian <mask> FRSE.Memorials

<mask>'s nephew Lochhart <mask> had installed a memorial stained glass window in 1903 in Duddingston Kirk. It stands immediately to the west of the pulpit. Anecdotes
In addition to being known for his landscape paintings, <mask> is often credited with giving rise to the famous Lowland Scots adage "We're a' Jock Tamson's bairns", which as early as 1847 was described as "an expression of mutual good fellowship very frequently heard in Scotland." However, there is some evidence that it may predate <mask>, and there is also a Scottish Gaelic version. One version attributing the origin of the adage to <mask> is that his first wife died after they had five children, he then married a widow who already had five children, and this second marriage produced another four children. When his wife then made introductions to visitors and tried to explain which family the various children belonged to, <mask> would interrupt her with the statement that "They're a' Jock <mask>'s bairns". It may also be accounted for by his general reputation for forgiveness and inclusiveness, for example his reputed disapproval of the excessive use of withdrawing communion tokens to exclude parishioners from taking communion.This might explain an already extant old saying being adopted to refer to him. To ensure privacy to paint in his studio, <mask> named the Tower "Edinburgh", in order that casual visitors to the Manse could be informed by his staff that he was unavailable, as he had gone to "Edinburgh". Duddingston Loch has a long historical connection with curling and skating and is the setting for the iconic painting, The Skating Minister, by <mask>'s artistic acquaintance, Henry Raeburn. The subject of the painting is not <mask> however, but Robert Walker, minister of the Canongate Kirk. References

Further reading
 Macmillan, Duncan (1984), Scottish Painting: The Later Enlightenment, in Parker, <mask> (ed. ), Cencrastus No. 19, Winter 1984, pp.25 - 27,

External links

 <mask> on the Gazetteer for Scotland
 <mask> on Electric Scotland
 <mask> at the Tate Gallery
 Dailly community website

1778 births
1840 deaths
18th-century Scottish painters
Scottish male painters
19th-century Scottish painters
People from South Ayrshire
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
19th-century Ministers of the Church of Scotland
Scottish landscape painters
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Royal Scottish Academicians

masks:
John Thomson
Thomson
Thomas Thomson
Thomson
John Playfair
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
John Ramsay
Thomas Thomson
John Thomson
Isabella Thomson
Francis Thomson
Thomas Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
John Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Geoff
John Thomson
John Thomson
John Thomson


title: Lewis Gibson (figure skater)

texts:
<mask> (born 1 May 1994) is a Scottish ice dancer who represents Great Britain. With his skating partner, Lilah Fear, he is a two-time Grand Prix bronze medalist, a three-time Challenger medalist, the 2018 Bavarian Open champion, and a four-time British national champion (2017, 2019–2020, 2022). Personal life
<mask> was born on 1 May 1994 in Prestwick, Scotland. He was raised in Prestwick and played football before becoming interested in skating. <mask> identifies as gay, and is married to Joshua Walsh. For some time he was reluctant to publicly discuss his sexuality due to concerns about homophobia within the judged sport of figure skating, but subsequently said "I can't live never sharing who I am and sharing who I love." Career

Early career
<mask> began skating in 2006 in Scotland, training at Ayr Ice Rink and Stevenston's Auchenharvie Leisure Centre.He cited the first series of Dancing on Ice, hosted by British ice dance champions Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean, as his initial inspiration to begin skating. In addition to his career in men's singles, he competed in pairs for two seasons. In 2010–11, he and Heather Murdoch won the novice pairs title at the British Championships. They received the bronze medal the following season. As a single skater, <mask> was coached by Jennifer Holmes at Ayr and Auchenharvie rinks before moving up to the junior international level. He then went on to train under Leanne Collins in East Kilbride, Scotland. Competing on the senior level, he won silver at the British Championships in November 2013.In the 2014–15 season, he appeared at two Challenger Series competitions, placing thirteenth at the Lombardia Trophy and Volvo Open Cup, and took the silver medal at the Hamar Trophy in Norway. He ended his singles' career in December 2015. 2016–2017 season: Debut of <mask>
<mask> began a partnership with Lilah Fear, coached by Karen Quinn at the Alexandra Palace Ice Rink in London, England, and by Romain Haguenauer in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The duo made their international debut in late July 2016 at the Lake Placid Ice Dance International, finishing eleventh. Ranked second in both segments, they received the silver medal at a Challenger Series event, the Lombardia Trophy in September. They placed fifth at the International Cup of Nice and fourth at the Open d'Andorra. In December, they won the British national title, in the absence of longtime champions Coomes/Buckland, and silver at the Santa Claus Cup in Hungary.In January 2017, <mask> qualified to the final segment at the European Championships in Ostrava, Czech Republic; they ranked nineteenth in the short dance, fourteenth in the free dance, and fifteenth overall. They made their World Championship debut later that season, placing twenty-second. 2017–2018 season
Beginning their second season together, <mask> placed sixth at the International Cup of Nice and won silver medals at the Open d'Andorra and the Ice Challenge. They competed in three Challenger events that season, placing ninth at both the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy and 2017 CS Lombardia Trophy and fourth at the 2017 CS Warsaw Cup. Competing at the British Championships, they won the silver medal, this time behind a returning Coomes/Buckland. They subsequently competed at the Santa Claus Cup again, placing fourth. At the end of the season, they were again sent as Great Britain's representation to the 2018 World Championships, placing twenty-fourth.2018–2019 season: "Disco Brits"

Wanting to challenge themselves, <mask> selected for their free dance a disco medley of songs by Donna Summer and Earth, Wind and Fire. Both professed as well to be fans of the genre. <mask> said, "A lot of the routines of recent times have been very slow and lyrical, but we wanted to do something fun and something that would stand out to help us make a name for ourselves." The free dance proved to be a huge success with audiences, facilitating what would be a dramatic rise up the international standings, and the team was nicknamed the "Disco Brits" by skating fans. Fear later credited the music selection as "a lucky choice, and from there it completely redirected us to where we see ourselves going, what we feel is our style and what makes us unique." Fear/Gibson began their season with two Challenger assignments, placing fourth at the 2018 CS Nebelhorn Trophy and fifth at the 2018 CS Ondrej Nepela Trophy. In October 2018, the two finished fifth at the 2018 Skate America – their Grand Prix debut.A month later, they improved their placement by finishing fourth at the 2018 NHK Trophy, achieving new personal bests in the free dance and overall score, and ranking second in the free dance. After winning their second British national title, <mask> next competed at the 2019 European Championships, placing seventh in the rhythm dance and sixth in the free, for sixth place overall. They were pleased with the result, <mask> commenting that they "came in with the goal of a top-ten finish after we came 15th two years ago. Now we’ve managed to get two spots for Great Britain next year which is really exciting." At the 2019 World Championships they placed thirteenth, having made the free dance for the first time. 2019–2020 season: First Grand Prix medal
After the success of their disco free dance the previous season, Fear and <mask> chose a Madonna medley for their new free dance, aiming to continue the momentum of past success with audience-pleasing choices. For the rhythm dance, required to be musical-themed, <mask> identified tracks from The Blues Brothers.Fear remarked that they "knew that could get the crowd on its feet, hopefully, and people would be tapping their toes." <mask> began the season on the Challenger series, winning the silver medal at the 2019 CS Autumn Classic International after placing fifth in the rhythm dance and second in the free dance. At their second Challenger, the 2019 CS Nebelhorn Trophy, they placed sixth in the rhythm dance and third in the free, for fourth place overall. Assigned to two Grand Prix events, they began at 2019 Skate Canada International, where they placed fourth in the rhythm dance and third in the free skate, taking the bronze medal. This was the team's first Grand Prix medal, and the first for a British team since 2014. <mask> remarked: "For us, this is huge. We didn't expect it."Competing again at the NHK Trophy, they were fourth in the rhythm dance, earning a perfect score on the Finnstep pattern dance for the first time. They were third in the free dance, remaining in fourth place overall. At the 2020 British Championships, <mask> placed first in the rhythm dance even though Fear had fallen out of the twizzles, and placed first in the free winning their third national title by 73.37 points. In what proved to be their final event of the season, they competed at the 2020 European Championships and placed sixth in the rhythm dance, with Fear losing a twizzle level and them getting only one of the four keypoints on the Finnstepp pattern dance. Fifth in the free dance, they rose to fifth place overall. They had been assigned to compete at the World Championships in Montreal, but these were cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. 2020–2021 season
<mask> were assigned to the 2020 Skate Canada International, but this event was also cancelled as a result of the pandemic.As there were no British championships for the season as a result of the pandemic, on December 3 they were named to Britain's team for the European Championships, alongside Fear's younger sister Sasha. The competition was cancelled on December 10. <mask> were again named to represent Britain at the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm, where they placed eighth in the rhythm dance before moving up to seventh place in the free dance, surpassing the Canadian team Fournier Beaudry/Sørensen by 0.04 points. Their results qualified a second dance berth for Great Britain at the following year's World Championships, and the possibility of a second place at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. 2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics
For their new free dance for the season, <mask> chose Hans Zimmer's soundtrack from The Lion King, citing it as a "universal" story about "finding your inner strength." They selected a medley of KISS songs for the rhythm dance, which <mask> attributed to "nostalgia and the want to entertain. That’s what we love to do."<mask> began the season at the 2021 CS Finlandia Trophy, winning the bronze medal. At their first Grand Prix assignment, the 2021 Skate Canada International, <mask> made errors in both segments of the competition, ending up in an unexpectedly low seventh place. <mask> said it was "not what we wanted to do, but we felt strong and connected in the free dance." Following this, they dedicated intensive training time in the short interval before their second event, the 2021 NHK Trophy. Third in both segments there despite a twizzle error from <mask> in the free dance, they won the bronze medal after finishing fourth in two prior appearances at the Japanese Grand Prix. Fear said "we were really hungry to come out here to make progress and I feel like we did that." After winning the Open d'Andorra and their fourth British national title, <mask> were assigned to the British Olympic team.<mask> remarked "to feel like years and years of hard work and dedication have paid off is truly one of the most satisfying things." At the 2022 European Championships, <mask> were fourth in the rhythm dance, but fell to fifth place after a twizzle error from <mask> in the free dance. Competing at the 2022 Winter Olympics in the dance event, <mask> were tenth in the rhythm dance. They were ninth in the free dance, remaining tenth overall. Programs

Ice dance with Fear

Men's singles

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series

Ice dance with Fear

Men's singles

Pairs with Murdoch

References

External links

1994 births
Scottish male ice dancers
Scottish male single skaters
LGBT sportspeople from Scotland
LGBT figure skaters
Living people
People from Prestwick
Sportspeople from South Ayrshire
Gay sportsmen
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Great Britain

masks:
Lewis Gibson
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title: Kevin Kelly (announcer)

texts:
<mask> (born May 9, 1967) is an American sportscaster, radio host,  and professional wrestling color commentator, executive, manager, pundit, and former ring announcer, better known by his ring name <mask>. Foote has worked as an English-language commentator for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) since 2015. He previously worked for WWE from 1996 to 2003 and Ring of Honor (ROH) from 2010 to 2017. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City, New York, but his family relocated to Stuart, Florida when he was ten. He graduated from Florida State University in January 1990. Broadcasting career

<mask> first became involved in broadcasting when he began working as a disc jockey, playing music from the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. <mask> once hosted a segment named "Plan B" on the Voice of Wrestling Internet radio program.In August 2007, <mask> started his own show on the Wrestling Radio Network called The <mask> Show. <mask> also hosts The Big Picture audio show on ClubWWI.com. In 2014, <mask> began hosting a wrestling and pop culture podcast, The <mask> Show, on Place to Be Nation. Professional wrestling

Independent circuit (1991–1996, 1999–2005, 2011)
<mask> debuted on the professional wrestling independent circuit in 1991. He originally worked as a ring announcer for Eddie Mansfield's Orlando, Florida-based International Wrestling Federation. In November 1999, <mask> debuted in the Delaware-based East Coast Wrestling Association as a manager, forming several heel stables. On April 7, 2001 in Wilmington, Delaware, <mask> defeated Cheetah Master for the ECWA Heavyweight Championship with the help of Billy Fives and Rick Fuller, members of <mask>'s Alliance of Defiance stable.He was stripped of the title on May 5, 2001, with Scoot Andrews defeating Billy Fives for the vacant title. On December 3, 2005, <mask> was inducted into the ECWA Hall of Fame. From 2003 to 2004, he worked for the short-lived Major League Wrestling promotion. From May 28, 2011 to October 22, 2011, <mask> was an announcer for Lucha Libre USA Season 2. World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment (1996–2003)
<mask> received a try-out with the World Wrestling Federation as a ring announcer due to the intervention of fellow IWF alumnus Billy Gunn. He was hired by the WWF in June 1996, and began working as a backstage interviewer. In 1997, briefly served as a commentator for Raw is War, the flagship television program of the WWF, alongside Jim Ross and Michael Cole.Afterward, <mask> resumed serving as an interviewer on Raw is War and (upon its premiere) SmackDown!. As an interviewer, <mask> was involved in numerous angles. The most publicized was the controversial "Pillman's got a gun" angle, which took place on the November 4, 1996 episode of Monday Night Raw, which was filmed in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The angle was set against the backdrop of an ongoing feud between Brian Pillman and Stone Cold Steve Austin. Throughout the broadcast of Monday Night Raw, live footage was shown of <mask> interviewing Pillman in his home in Walton, Kentucky alongside Pillman's wife Melanie. After Dok Hendrix informed Monday Night Raw announcer Vince McMahon that Austin was supposedly traveling to Pillman's home, Pillman, upon being apprised of this development, produced and loaded a 9 mm Glock pistol and stated that he would "blow [Austin's] sorry ass straight to hell!" A frightened <mask> delivered the line "Pillman's got a gun!"In the course of the interview, Austin arrived at Pillman's home and, after fighting off several of Pillman's friends who had surrounded the house to protect him, broke into the house and advanced on Pillman. Pillman responded by pointing his pistol at Austin, with the live camera feed subsequently fading to black as <mask> and Melanie Pillman screamed. When the camera feed returned, Pillman was being restrained by his friends, and <mask> informed McMahon that there had been two explosions, but no-one had been injured. At that point, Austin re-entered the house, with Pillman's friends forcing him out again as Pillman pointed his pistol at Austin while screaming obscenities and threats. <mask> shouted for someone to "call the police" as Monday Night Raw color commentator Jerry Lawler instructed him to "get the gun". The broadcast ended with Austin being driven from the house as Melanie Pillman cried. The WWF and Pillman would later apologize for the segment.In the late 1990s and early 2000s, <mask> would frequently be mocked by The Rock during interviews, with The Rock labeling him an "ugly hermaphrodite" and nicknaming him "Hermie". At Unforgiven on September 24, 2000, <mask> was attacked by the returning Stone Cold Steve Austin while attempting to interview him. <mask> would later begin hosting the weekly WWF webcast Byte This!. In addition to his on-screen roles, <mask> served as a WWF talent scout, monitoring wrestlers in the Heartland Wrestling Association, Memphis Championship Wrestling, Ohio Valley Wrestling and Urban Wrestling Alliance developmental territories. <mask> was responsible for watching and evaluating tapes of matches sent to the WWF by prospective employees. <mask> also had a minor degree of influence on the creative direction of the WWF, and was the creator of the storyline that saw Stephanie McMahon marry Triple H, creating the McMahon-Helmsley Faction. In addition, <mask> produced WWE Confidential.On March 21, 2003, <mask> was released by WWE as part of a series of budget cuts. Since his release, <mask> has criticized the corporate policies and creative direction of his former employer. Ring of Honor (2010–2017)
On March 2, 2010, Jim Cornette announced that <mask> had signed an agreement to be the voice of Ring of Honor on Internet pay-per-view Between 2011 and 2017, <mask> served as main play-by-play announcer for Ring of Honor television tapings and pay-per-views. On February 2, 2017, it was reported that <mask> had given his notice to ROH and left his position as the company's head play-by-play announcer. <mask> remained with ROH in a part-time role until July 11, when he announced he was no longer working for the company, although he will still call ROH matches held as part of New Japan Pro-Wrestling events as he is associated with the Japanese promotion as their English language play-by-play announcer. New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2015–present)
On October 12, <mask> and Matt Striker served as the English language commentators for New Japan Pro-Wrestling's King of Pro-Wrestling on NJPW World. <mask> returned to NJPW English commentary at Wrestle Kingdom 10 in Tokyo Dome on January 4, 2016, again working alongside Matt Striker as well as NJPW wrestler Yoshitatsu.He returned as part of NJPW English commentary at Invasion Attack 2016 alongside Steve Corino, who filled in Matt Striker's position. In January 2017, Corino was replaced by Don Callis. Championships and accomplishments
East Coast Wrestling Association
ECWA Hall of Fame (Class of 2005)
ECWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Best Television Announcer (2018, 2019)
Best Announcer of the Decade (2010s)

References

External links

 <mask> Show

 Ring of Honor profile

1967 births
American male professional wrestlers
American radio personalities
American sports announcers
Florida State University alumni
Living people
Sportspeople from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Television personalities from New York City
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling executives
Professional wrestling managers and valets

masks:
Kevin Foote
Kevin Kelly
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Radio Kelly
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Kevin Kelly
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Kevin Kelly
Kevin Kelly
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title: Claude Alward Ridley

texts:
<mask>,  (15 November 1897 – 27 June 1942) was a British aviator and military officer. During the First World War, he served as a fighter pilot and was decorated for home defence in southern England against German attacks from planes and Zeppelins. While a pilot with No. 60 Squadron, <mask> landed in occupied France and, despite being taken prisoner, he escaped and spent several weeks on the run before returning to England via the Netherlands. Early life
<mask> was born in Sunderland on 15 November 1897, and was the youngest of seven children. He grew up in the suburb of Fulwell in the city, but by the age of 11, the family were living in Notting Hill in London. First World War
At the start of the First World War, <mask> was offered a temporary commission into the Royal Flying Corps (RFC), but on being granted a full commission, he entered Sandhurst and passed out as an officer in the Royal Fusiliers.He did, however, keep up with his flying and was transferred into the RFC in July 1915. After transferring from the Royal Fusiliers, <mask> was allocated to No. 3 Squadron and was wounded in action on the Western Front in 1916. His foot was injured and, as a result, he could not fly having to convalesce in England. He was awarded the Military Cross for his action in downing a Zeppelin in 1916 while flying from Joyce Green. When No. 60 Squadron was formed in April 1916, <mask> was one of the initial pilots drafted to the squadron.While ferrying a spy into territory behind enemy lines to the French town of Douai in August 1916, the aircraft <mask> was flying broke down. As he and his passenger were trying to get the aircraft going, German military personnel heard them and detained them. They were questioned but managed to escape quite quickly. <mask> hid whilst the spy brought him some civilian attire and then left <mask> to fend for himself. Whilst he was hiding, <mask> observed the German pilots flying their aircraft and even witnessed a British aircraft crash landing and its pilot and observer being marched off by the Germans for interrogation. <mask> managed to make his way across France and into Belgium before returning to England through the Netherlands. Whilst on his journey, he made notes and gathered intelligence about the German forces and delivered these to his superiors when he returned.He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) and was mentioned in the London Gazette which said "For conspicuous gallantry and judgement in the execution of a special mission." At the end of the war, an assessment of battle casualties on No. 60 Squadron determined that 115 pilots and observers had been either wounded, taken prisoner, were missing or had been killed. <mask> was the only one to escape captivity on the squadron and he is recorded as being back in Britain by the 13 October 2016, some two months after his aircraft failed on the field in France. Due to his high-profile involvement in ferrying spies, it was decided to withdraw <mask> from active operations over the front line in case he had to land in occupied territory again and be shot as a spy. Instead he was sent to head up B-Flight from No. 37 Squadron at Stow Maries Aerodrome.At this point, <mask> was a 19-year old lieutenant in charge of a new squadron. Whilst there, he was among many who launched their fighters to defend the south and east of England against attack from Gotha bombers and Zeppelin raids. In one such event, British anti-aircraft batteries located along the Thames Estuary confused the 37 Squadron Sopwith Pups with enemy aircraft and opened fire upon them. <mask>, like many others, was hit and had his engine cowling blown off at , and had to make an emergency landing at Rochford. <mask> was particularly galled by this because only a day earlier, he had flown his aircraft over the batteries so that the artillery men could see the outline of his aircraft and hear the noise of his engine. <mask> then took command of the newly formed No. 61 Squadron at Rochford in the summer of 1917, before taking command of No.112 Squadron at Throwley in December of the same year. In the late stages of the war he commanded No. 28 Squadron at Grossa in Italy before returning to command No. 75 Squadron in England. When No. 75 Squadron was disbanded in 1919, <mask> became the commander of No. 39 Squadron.Later life
<mask> was promoted to the rank of squadron leader in January 1925 and, in June of the same year, he married Lillias Elizabeth McAlpine, the daughter of Sir Robert McAlpine; they had three children together. He left the Air Force soon after and was on the retired list by 1928, although he was recalled in 1939 on the outbreak of the Second World War. During the Second World War, he served as a Wing Commander in various appointments including Leeds University Air Squadron. Death
<mask> died in the Dorchester Hotel in Mayfair, London on 27 June 1942. His death was attributed to natural causes rather than a circumstance of the war. His wish to be buried near to Stow Maries aerodrome was granted, and like many others who had served at Stow Maries, his grave is located in the churchyard of St Mary and St Margaret's Church in the village. Commemorations
The home that <mask> lived in during his family's time in Sunderland had a blue plaque affixed to the wall in 2016.Military Cadet organisations in the area of Essex around the former Stow Maries Aerodrome, compete in the Ridley Trophy competition annually by vying for timings on an assault course. References

Sources

External links
Grave burial certificate via CWGC

1897 births
People from Sunderland
British aviators
British Army personnel of World War I
British World War I pilots
1942 deaths
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Flying Corps officers
Royal Fusiliers officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Air Force wing commanders
British World War I prisoners of war
World War I prisoners of war held by Germany
British escapees
Escapees from German detention

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