title: Rogier Michael

texts:
<mask> (ca. 1553 probably in Bergen-op-Zoom – after middle 1623 in Dresden) was a Franco-Flemish composer, singer and Kapellmeister of the late Renaissance. Life and work
<mask> came to Vienna as a child with his father <mask> († after 1566); his father was "probably the best mechanic and musician" during the reign of Emperor Ferdinand I (1556-1564) and was listed as a singer in the list of court chapels under Emperor Maximilian II from 1564 to 1566. Rogier presumably lived through a time as a choirboy in Vienna and in 1564 he joined the court chapel of Archduke Charles II in Graz as a choirboy. At first Johannes de Cleve, later Annibale Padovano was in charge of this chapel. The latter advised him to further studies with Andrea Gabrieli in Venice, which he did from 1569 to 1572. After his return to Germany, he accepted the position of a tenor singer in Ansbach at the court chapel of  George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1572, where he remained until 1574.On the recommendation of Emilie of Saxony, the sister of Elector August of Saxony, <mask> took up a position as singer and musician at the Dresden court orchestra on 1 February 1575. The Elector listened to him himself, and the old Kapellmeister Antonio Scandello also tested his skills. The composer married in Dresden in 1578, and in the following years the seven sons <mask>, Tobias, Simon, Samuel, Christian, Georg and Daniel were born; four of these later also became composers. In the 1580 list of "Cantorey" he is listed as contralto with an annual salary of 144 gulden. As successor of Antonio Scandello, Giovanni Battista Pinello di Ghirardi (1544-1587) and Georg Forster, <mask> reached the position of court bandmaster of the Elector of Saxony under the regency of Christian I, Elector of Saxony on 12 December 1587, and his sons Tobias, Simon and Samuel took part in Dresden as Choir boy. Rogier himself was also able to sing countertenor, and his voice was described by  in his writing Erotematum musicae (1591) as quite high and very noble. In 1611 <mask> married for the second time, namely Sarah Petermann, the daughter of the Dresden Kapellknabeninspektor .When John Georg I of Saxony took office in 1611, the court orchestra was at first largely dismissed and then gradually rebuilt from 1612 onwards. It seems that <mask> was no longer taken into account in this rebuilding. When Elector Johann Georg travelled to Frankfurt with his entourage in 1612 for the election and coronation of Emperor Matthias, his name was not on the list of fellow travellers. Apparently <mask> had been largely relieved of his position as Kapellmeister from 1612 onwards, with a full annual salary of 300 gulden. He was replaced several times by <mask> (1613 and 1614/15), and in 1615 Heinrich Schütz succeeded him. <mask>, however, continued to be active at the Saxon court. His salary was temporarily supplemented by funds to support the choir boys who lived with him.There is also evidence of the quarterly payment of 75 gulden on Trinity Sunday 1621. When Sarah, the composer's second wife, had died and was buried in January 1623, the sermon did not mention <mask>'s death, and the author Burckhard Grossmann mentioned him in the preface to his publication "Angst der Hellen" (Fear of the Light Ones), published in 1623, as one of the living. In March 1624, however, he was no longer listed as a member of the chapel. From this the music-historical researchers conclude that the composer died after mid-1623. Importance
In view of his many years of activity as a musician at the Dresden court (1575-1612), his complete musical oeuvre is not very extensive. In contrast to his predecessors Scandello and Pinello, known as composers, he cultivated the polyphonic stile antico in sacred music as well as the new Italian madrigal style, which was articulated in short quarter and eighth notes. This style was then largely adopted by his students.With his two surviving historical compositions for Immaculate Conception and Christmas, <mask> deliberately took up the Passion of Jesus and the resurrection history of Antonio Scandello. Two other passions of his (after Matthew and Luke?) are missing. In these historical works, the literal speech of the acting individuals is set to music either unanimously or in several voices, depending on its significance, while the frame and other inner movements are set to music in several voices. In this way, the historical compositions of <mask> <mask> form an important link between the corresponding works of Antonio Scandello and Heinrich Schütz. In an inventory of the Dresden Court Church from 1666, a "Handbuchlein von der Begnis, gebuhrt, Leiden und Auferstehung Jesu Christi in schwarzes Leder gebunden" is listed, which could have served Scandello, <mask> as well as Schütz as a text template for their historical works. The 53 hymns in the second part of the Dresden hymn book of 1593 are based on simple, homophonies wisely written.In <mask>'s Introit of 1603, only the antiphon are in five voices on motet tables The antiphon is set to music in a wise manner, while the accompanying psalm texts appear in four parts in the simple Fauxbourdon movement, after which the antiphon is repeated. From 1599 to 1603 the composer's pupils were the later Leipzig Thomaskantor Johann Hermann Schein and <mask>'s son <mask> (1592-1657), Leipzig Thomaskantor from 1631 to 1657; among his pupils were also his sons Christian, Daniel and <mask> as well as the later Freiberger Superintendent . Work
 Sacred works
 Der Gebreuchlichsten und vornembsten Gesenge D. Mart. Jahrhunderts. In Monatshefte für Musikgeschichte Nr. 2, 1870, . Reinhard Kade: Der Dresdener Kapellmeister Rogier <mask>, ca.1550–1619. In Vierteljahresschrift für Musikwissenschaft, No. 4, Leipzig 1889, (). Joh. Frank: Die Introitus-Kompositionen von <mask> <mask>. on WorldCat</ref> Dissertation an der Universität Gießen, 1937. Helmut Federhofer: Jugendjahre und Lehrer <mask> <mask>.In Archiv für Musikwissenschaft, No. 10, 1953, . Alfred Baumgartner: Propyläen Welt der Musik – Die Komponisten – Ein Lexikon in fünf Bänden. Volume 4. Propyläen, Berlin 1989, , . M. Heinemann: Schütz’ Historienkonzeptionen: zum Projekt einer ›Empfängnishistorie‹ nach Rogier <mask>. In Musik und Kirche, No.64, 1994, . Wolfram Steude: Die Dresdner Hofkapelle zwischen Antonio Scandello und Heinrich Schütz (1580–1615). In Hans-Günter Ottenberg, Eberhard Steindorf (ed. ): Der Klang der Sächsischen Staatskapelle Dresden. Olms, Hildesheim among others. 2001, , . References

External links

 Lebenslauf von Rogier Michael auf der Website des Heinrich-Schütz-Hauses

Renaissance composers
17th-century Franco-Flemish composers
Sacred music composers
Belgian Baroque composers
1500s births
1623 deaths

masks:
Rogier Michael von Bergen
Michael
Simon Michael
Michael
Rogier
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael Praetorius
Rogier
Michael
Michael
Rogier
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Tobias Michael
Samuel Michael
Michael
Rogier
Michael
Rogier
Michaels
Michael


title: Shelby Metcalf

type: original

texts:
<mask> (December 23, 1930 – February 8, 2007) was the head coach of the Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball team for 27 seasons, from 1963 to 1990. He won more games than any other coach in the former Southwest Conference. Achieving success as basketball coach at a university known more for its dedication to its football team, Metcalf endeared himself to Aggie fans for his loyalty to the school and his witticisms. Although his coaching career ended on a bitter note when he was fired in a dispute with A&M athletic director John David Crow in 1990, Metcalf remained loyal to Texas A&M University. He continued to live in the College Station community and supported the Aggie basketball coaches who succeeded him. Early years
<mask><mask>, Jr. grew up in Tulsa, Oklahoma and attended Tulsa Central High School. He attended A&M Junior College for one year before transferring to East Texas State (now Texas A&M University-Commerce), where he was an All-American guard and led the team to three NAIA national tournaments, twice being named to the all-tournament team.In his senior year in 1955, the team won the NAIA championship;  the same year, Metcalf earned his bachelor's and master's degrees at ETSU. After graduation, Metcalf spent one year as a head coach at Cayuga (Texas) High School, posting a 33–10 record. He then joined the United States Air Force, becoming the Athletic Officer at Sembach Air Base in Germany from 1956 to 1958. As a player and coach, he amassed a 78–17 record and won the All-Germany Championship twice. Coaching career
Metcalf joined the Texas A&M University men's basketball coaching staff in 1958 as the freshman coach under Bob Rogers, who had previously coached Metcalf at East Texas State University. For the next five years, Metcalf continued in that role, before replacing Rogers as head coach in 1963. During his 26½ seasons with Texas A&M from 1963 to 1990, Metcalf won a total of 438 games, 239 of them in conference play, more than any other men's basketball coach in Southwest Conference history.His coaching record was 438–306, 239–158 in conference. Metcalf was known as "The King of Tournaments", for taking the Aggies to 74 in-season tournaments in order to ensure that the team would play at least one game each year on a neutral floor. In the 1989–90 season, the team made a record five tournament appearances. In his first season as a head coach, Metcalf's team went 18–7, winning the Southwest Conference, the Aggies' first conference championship in 41 years. Metcalf's teams won a total of six conference championships (1964, 1969, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1986) and only placed lower than fourth in the conference six times. Under Metcalf, the A&M team made five NCAA tournament appearances, including two Sweet Sixteen appearances in 1969 (when only 25 teams were invited to the tournament) and 1980. The latter team won 26 games—a school record that stood until 2006-07—beating North Carolina in double overtime in the second round of the tournament before just missing advancing to the Elite Eight with an overtime loss to eventual champion Louisville.Twenty-four of Metcalf's players earned first-team all-conference citations and John Beasley was named a first-team All-American by the Helms Foundation in 1966. Eighteen players were drafted by professional basketball leagues, including Sonny Parker, who was a 1976 first-round NBA draft pick. In 1971, the A&M men's basketball color barrier was broken when Metcalf personally convinced Mario Brown, an African-American player, to attend the school. Brown later earned second-team All-Southwest Conference honors and was selected as a team co-captain. Metcalf's success prompted the primarily football-focused student body to begin paying attention to basketball. The A&M basketball arena, G. Rollie White Coliseum, often sold out and soon became known as the "Holler House on the Brazos". Metcalf took full advantage of the noisy arena, earning a doctorate in Recreation and Resource Development from Texas A&M in 1974 with a dissertation titled "Crowd Behavior at Southwest Conference Games".The longest serving basketball coach in Southwest Conference history, Metcalf was fired after feuding with Athletic Director John David Crow midway through the 1989–1990 season. When asked by the media what happened between the two, Metcalf remarked, "I made a comment that I didn't think John David was all that bright. And I thought I was being generous." The next year the Aggies began what would grow into a fifteen-year basketball slump that included only one winning season. The team did not approach Metcalf's success until 2005, when A&M hired former UTEP coach Billy Gillispie. Gillispie reached out to Metcalf, inviting him to practices and encouraging him to attend the home games. Post-coaching career
After being relieved of his coaching duties, Metcalf worked for the A&M Center of Academic Enhancement.Until 1994, he often spoke at banquets, athletic events, and high schools, including three appearances at prison graduations, and was twice selected to Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities. Career honors
He was inducted into the Texas Sports Hall of Fame, the East Texas State Athletics Hall of Fame, the Texas Association of Basketball Coaches Hall of Fame, and the Texas A&M Athletics Hall of Fame. He was also elected into Phi Kappa Phi, one of the most prestigious honor societies in academia. Metcalf had such a profound effect on Aggie basketball that during the 2006–2007 season, former Aggie coach Billy Gillispie began a tournament in his honor held in College Station, Texas, titled the Shelby Metcalf Classic. Metcalf died on February 8, 2007 from cancer. He was survived by his widow, Janis, and their daughter, Shelley Metcalf Valerius. Head coaching record

‡ Partial season; released after 19 games

References

1930 births
2007 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Oklahoma
Basketball players from Oklahoma
Central High School (Tulsa, Oklahoma) alumni
Deaths from cancer in Texas
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Sportspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball coaches
Texas A&M–Commerce Lions men's basketball players
Guards (basketball)

masks:
Shelby Metcalf
Shelby R
. Metcalf


title: Guy de Maupassant

texts:
<mask> (, ; ; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, remembered as a master of the short story form, as well as a representative of the Naturalist school, who depicted human lives, destinies and social forces in disillusioned and often pessimistic terms. Maupassant was a protégé of Gustave Flaubert and his stories are characterized by economy of style and efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many are set during the Franco-Prussian War of the 1870s, describing the futility of war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote  300 short stories, six novels, three travel books, and one volume of verse. His first published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered his most famous work. Biography

Henri-René-Albert-<mask> was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château de Miromesnil, near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) department in France. He was the first son of Laure Le Poittevin and <mask>, both from prosperous bourgeois families.His mother urged his father when they married in 1846 to obtain the right to use the particule or form "<mask>assant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in order to indicate noble birth. Gustave discovered a certain Jean-Baptiste Maupassant, conseiller-secrétaire to the King, who was ennobled in 1752. He then obtained from the Tribunal Civil of Rouen by decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "<mask>ant" instead of "Maupassant" and this was his surname at the birth of his son <mask> in 1850. When Maupassant was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to obtain a legal separation from her husband, who was violent towards her. After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin kept her two sons. With the father's absence, Maupassant's mother became the most influential figure in the young boy's life. She was an exceptionally well-read woman and was very fond of classical literature, particularly Shakespeare.Until the age of thirteen, <mask> lived happily with his mother, at Étretat, in the Villa des Verguies, where, between the sea and the luxuriant countryside, he grew very fond of fishing and outdoor activities. At age thirteen, his mother next placed her two sons as day boarders in a private school, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Question du Latin—for classical studies. From his early education he retained a marked hostility to religion, and to judge from verses composed around this time he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, its ritual and discipline. Finding the place to be unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year. In 1867, as he entered junior high school, Maupassant made acquaintance with Gustave Flaubert at Croisset at the insistence of his mother. Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille in Rouen where he proved a good scholar indulging in poetry and taking a prominent part in theatricals. In October 1868, at the age of 18, he saved the famous poet Algernon Charles Swinburne from drowning off the coast of Étretat.The Franco-Prussian War broke out soon after his graduation from college in 1870; he enlisted as a volunteer. In 1871, he left Normandy and moved to Paris where he spent ten years as a clerk in the Navy Department. During this time his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays. Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted as a kind of literary guardian to him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home, he met Émile Zola and the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev, as well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and played himself in a comedy in 1875 (with the benediction of Flaubert), "À la feuille de rose, maison turque". In 1878, he was transferred to the Ministry of Public Instruction and became a contributing editor to several leading newspapers such as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris.He devoted his spare time to writing novels and short stories. In 1880 he published what is considered his first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous success. Flaubert characterized it as "a masterpiece that will endure." This was Maupassant's first piece of short fiction set during the Franco-Prussian War, and was followed by short stories such as "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi". The decade from 1880 to 1891 was the most fertile period of Maupassant's life. Made famous by his first short story, he worked methodically and produced two or sometimes four volumes annually. His talent and practical business sense made him wealthy.In 1881 he published his first volume of short stories under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth edition within two years. In 1883 he finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a year. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, had thirty-seven printings in four months. His editor, Havard, commissioned him to write more stories, and Maupassant continued to produce them efficiently and frequently. At this time he wrote what many consider to be his greatest novel, Pierre et Jean. With a natural aversion to society, he loved retirement, solitude, and meditation. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italy, England, Brittany, Sicily, Auvergne, and from each voyage brought back a new volume.He cruised on his private yacht Bel-Ami, named after his novel. This life did not prevent him from making friends among the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a paternal affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains he met Hippolyte Taine and became devoted to the philosopher-historian. Flaubert continued to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank and practical nature reacted against the ambiance of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and invidious criticism that the two brothers had created around them in the guise of an 18th-century style salon. Maupassant was one of a fair number of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Gounod, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for the Eiffel Tower. He often ate lunch in the restaurant at its base, not out of preference for the food but because it was only there that he could avoid seeing its otherwise unavoidable profile. He and forty-six other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an elaborately irate letter of protest against the tower's construction, written to the Minister of Public Works.Maupassant also wrote under several pseudonyms, including Joseph Prunier, <mask> Valmont, and Maufrigneuse (which he used from 1881 to 1885). In his later years he developed a constant desire for solitude, an obsession for self-preservation, and a fear of death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had contracted in his youth. It has been suggested that his brother, Hervé, also suffered from syphilis and the disease may have been congenital. On 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried to commit suicide by cutting his throat, and was committed to the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where he died 6 July 1893 from syphilis. Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and taken pleasure in nothing." He is buried in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris. Significance
Maupassant is considered a father of the modern short story.Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote that along "with Chekhov, <mask> is the greatest master of the short story in world literature. He is not a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute the basis of human actions, although the influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many respects, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological pessimism, as he is often harsh and merciless when it comes to depicting human nature. He owes most to Flaubert, from whom he learned to use a concise and measured style and to establish a distance towards the object of narration." He delighted in clever plotting, and served as a model for Somerset Maugham and O. Henry in this respect. One of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a twist by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A String of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with a similar title, "The Jewels".Taking his cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote comfortably in both the high-Realist and fantastic modes; stories and novels such as "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to recreate Third-Republic France in a realistic way, whereas many of the short stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena. The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is often implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated by the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, and attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886. Legacy

Leo Tolstoy used Maupassant as the subject for one of his essays on art: The Works of <mask> Maupassant. His stories are second only to Shakespeare in their inspiration of movie adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine. Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in the following text:

"I cannot at all conceive in which century of history one could haul together such inquisitive and at the same time delicate psychologists as one can in contemporary Paris: I can name as a sample – for their number is by no means small, ... or to pick out one of the stronger race, a genuine Latin to whom I am particularly attached, <mask> Maupassant." William Saroyan wrote a short story about Maupassant in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Must Say Hello To Everybody.Isaac Babel wrote a short story about him, “<mask> Maupassant.” It appears in The Collected Stories of Isaac Babel and in the story anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories that Held Them in Awe. <mask>, in an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's theory that, "the human female will open her mind to a man to whom she has opened other channels of communications." In the script Questor copulates with a woman to obtain information that she is reluctant to impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this part of the script was never filmed. Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: <mask> Maupassant. <mask> stars as the titular character. Several of Maupassant's short stories, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of the 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.Bibliography

Short stories

"A Country Excursion"
"A Coup d'État"
"A Coward"
"A Cremation"
"Abandoned"
"The Accent"
"An Adventure in Paris"
"Afloat"
"After"
"After wars"
"Alexandre"
"All Over"
"Allouma"
"An Artifice"
"At Sea"
"Babette"
"The Baroness"
"Bed 29"
"Belhomme's Beast"
"Bertha"
"Beside Schopenhauer's Corpse"
"Boitelle"
"Châli"
"Coco"
"Confessing"
"The Accursed Bread"
"The Adopted Son"
"The Apparition"
"The Artist"
"The Baroness"
"The Beggar"
"The Blind Man"
"Boule de Suif" (Ball of Fat)
"The Cake"
"The Capture of Walter Schnaffs"
"The Child"
"The Christening"
"Clair de Lune"
"Cleopatra in Paris"
"Clochette"
"A Cock Crowed"
"The Colonel's Ideas"
"The Confession"
"The Corsican Bandit"
"The Cripple"
"A Crisis"
"The Dead Girl (a.k.a. "Was it a Dream?")" "A Widow"
"The Will"
"The Wolf"
"The Wooden Shoes"
"The Wreck"
"The Wrong House"
"Yvette Samoris"

Novels
 Une Vie (1883)
 Bel-Ami (1885)
 Mont-Oriol (1887)
 Pierre et Jean (1888)
 Fort comme la mort (1889)
 Notre Cœur (1890)
 L'Angelus (1910) - unfinished
 L'Âmé Éntrangère (1910) - unfinished

Short-story collections
 Les Soirées de Médan (with Zola, Huysmans et al. Contains Boule de Suif by Maupassant) (1880)
 La Maison Tellier (1881)
 Mademoiselle Fifi (1883)
 Contes de la Bécasse (1883)
Duchoux
 Miss Harriet (1884)
 Les Sœurs Rondoli (1884)
 Clair de lune (1884) (contains "Les Bijoux")
 Yvette (1884)
 Contes du jour et de la nuit (1885) (contains "La Parure" or "The Necklace")
 Monsieur Parent (1886)
 La Petite Roque (1886)
 Toine (1886)
 Le Horla (1887)
 Le Rosier de Madame Husson (1888)
 La Main gauche (1889)
 L'Inutile Beauté (1890)

Travel writing
 Au soleil (1884)
 Sur l'eau (1888)
 La Vie errante (1890)

Poetry
 Des Vers (1880) containing Nuit de Neige

References

Further reading
 Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Period in the Fiction of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
 Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of descriptive techniques in the works of Guy de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in <mask> <mask> and <mask> (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online. Harris, Trevor A. Le V. Maupassant in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Work of <mask> <mask> (Springer, 1990). Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Artist in Babel's" <mask> Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171-180. online
 Sattar, Atia."Certain Madness: <mask> Maupassant and Hypnotism." Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding  both versions of his horror story “The Horla” (1886/1887). online
 Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in the tales of <mask> Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994). External links

 <mask> Maupassant timeline and stories at AsNotedIn.com
 Complete list of stories by <mask> Maupassant at Prospero's Isle.com

 Université McGill: le roman selon les romanciers Recensement et analyse des écrits non romanesques de <mask> Maupassant
 Works by <mask> Maupassant at Online Literature (HTML)
 Works by <mask> Maupassant in Ebooks
 Works by <mask> Maupassant (text, concordances and frequency list)
Maupassantiana, a French scholar's website on Maupassant and his works

 Oeuvres de Maupassant, à Athena
 <mask> <mask>'s The Jewels audiobook with video at YouTube
 <mask> <mask>'s The Jewels audiobook at Libsyn

1850 births
1893 deaths
People from Seine-Maritime
19th-century French novelists
19th-century French short story writers
French fantasy writers
French horror writers
French psychological fiction writers
French male short story writers
French military personnel of the Franco-Prussian War
Légion d'honneur refusals
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
Lycée Pierre-Corneille alumni
Writers from Normandy
Deaths from syphilis
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Weird fiction writers

masks:
Henri René Albert Guy de Maupassant
Guy de Maupassant
Gustave de Maupassant
de Maup
de Maupass
Guy
Guy
Guy de
Maupassant
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Gene Roddenberry
Guy de
Claude Brasseur
Guy de
Maupassant
André Gide
Guy de
Maupassant
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Guy de
Maupassant
Guy de
Maupassant


title: Billy "The Kid" Emerson

texts:
<mask> (born December 21, 1925), known during his recording career as <mask>The Kid" <mask> and more recently as Rev. William R<mask>, is an American preacher and former R&B and rock and roll singer and songwriter, best known for his 1955 song, "Red Hot." <mask> began recording after joining Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm in the early 1950s. He recorded for various labels, including Sun, Chess, and Vee-Jay before forming his own, Tarpon Records, where he recorded Denise LaSalle and Matt "Guitar" Murphy. He has worked with blues musicians, such as Earl Hooker, Lonnie Brooks, Sonny Boy Williamson II, and Robert Knighthawk. Life and career
<mask>, who is African American, was born in Tarpon Springs, Florida on December 21, 1925. He learned the piano in church, playing in various local bands.In 1943, he joined the United States Navy. After World War II he began resumed playing around Tampa with acts such as Ivory Mitchell, the Billy Battle Band, and Alfonso Brown Band. Following a spell in one group where the members dressed as outlaws, he picked up the nickname "<mask> Kid". <mask> received an athletic scholarship to attend Florida A&M University, but left to join the United States Air Force during the Korean War in 1952. While stationed in Greenville, Mississippi, he met bandleader Ike Turner, who recruited him into his Kings of Rhythm. Turner, a talent scout for Sun Records, arranged a session for <mask>. His first single, "No Teasing Around" / "If Lovin' Is Believing" was released in February 1954.He released another single backed by Turner on guitar before leaving his band and joining a group led by Phineas Newborn. He stayed with Sun as a songwriter, writing and recording "When It Rains, It Really Pours", later recorded by Elvis Presley, and "Red Hot", which later became a hit for both <mask> Riley and Bob Luman, and later for Robert Gordon and Link Wray, but was not a commercial success for <mask> himself. In late 1955 he joined Vee-Jay Records in Chicago, making records such as "Every Woman I Know (Crazy 'Bout Automobiles)", released a year later but with little commercial success. The song was subsequently covered in 1965 by Sam the Sham and the Pharaohs on their Wooly Bully album and by Ry Cooder on his 1980 album Borderline. Soon afterwards <mask> joined Chess Records as the recording manager. On the Chess label he recorded "Holy Mackerel Baby" and a remake of "Woodchuck" which was an earlier Sun single. He also released a single with Willie Dixon's band.As a songwriter, <mask> wrote dozens of songs for artists such as Junior Wells, Willie Mabon, Wynonie Harris, and Buddy Guy. After recording for several smaller labels, he formed his own Tarpon Records in 1966, releasing Denise LaSalle's debut single as well as his own records. He also continued to play in clubs and on European blues tours. In the late 1970s, <mask> decided to dedicate himself to his religion and compose gospel music. In 2005 he was reported as having a church in Oak Park, Illinois, as Rev. William R<mask>. In 2009, Bear Family Records released a 33-track compilation album of <mask>'s Sun recordings, Red Hot: The Sun Years, Plus.The plus includes his Vee Jay and Chess singles. <mask> is inducted into the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. <mask> received the 2017 Florida Folk Heritage Award at the Tarpon Springs Heritage Museum for his contributions as a songwriter, performer, and producer. Discography

Compilations

 2009: Red Hot: The Sun Years, Plus (Bear Family Records)

Albums appearances

 1967: The Marvlus Sound of R&B & Soul (President Records)
 1997: Red Hot About the Blues (Titanic Records)
 1974: The Sun Story 1952-1968 (Sun Records)
 1976: Sun: The Roots Of Rock: Volume 3: Delta Rhythm Kings (Charly Records)
 1984: Sun Records: The Blues Years 1950-1956 (Sun Records)
 1988: Black Music Originals Vol.3 (Sun Records)
 1989: Black Music Originals Vol 4 (Sun Records)
 1991: The Ultimate Sun Blues Collection (Disky Records)
 1992: Way After Midnight (Sun Records)
 1994: The Complete Sun Singles, Vol. 1 - From The Vaults (Bear Family Records)
 1995: The Complete Sun Singles, Vol. 2 - From The Vaults (Bear Family Records)
 1998: Chicago Soul Cellar (Rare Soul Uncovered From M-Pac! Records) (Charly Records)
 2001: The Kings of Rhythm featuring Ike Turner – The Sun Sessions (Varèse Sarabande)
 2004: Vee Jay Records Chicago Hit Factory (Charly Records)
 2010: Ike Turner – That Kat Sure Could Play!

masks:
William Robert Emerson
Billy "
Emerson
. Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Billy The
Emerson
Emerson
Billy Lee
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
. Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson


title: Lynn Johnston

texts:
<mask>,  (born May 28, 1947) is a Canadian cartoonist and author, best known for her newspaper comic strip For Better or For Worse. She was the first woman and first Canadian to win the National Cartoonist Society's Reuben Award. Early life
Born <mask> in Collingwood, Ontario, she was raised in North Vancouver, British Columbia. She attended the Vancouver School of Art (now Emily Carr University of Art and Design) with hopes of making a living as an artist. After working briefly in animation, most notably as an uncredited cel colorist on The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show, she married in 1969 and moved back to Ontario, where she worked as a medical artist at McMaster University for five years. <mask>'s illustrations are in storage in McMaster's medical archive. They include depictions of routine hospital happenings, such as a father smoking in the waiting room.While expecting her first child, she drew single-panel cartoons for the ceiling of her obstetrician Murray Enkin's office. Those drawings were published in her first book, David, We're Pregnant! which was published in 1973 under her then name of <mask> (and subsequently republished under the name of <mask>) and became a best seller. After her divorce, she did freelance commercial and medical art in a studio converted from a greenhouse. Hi Mom! Hi Dad!, a sequel to David, was published in 1975. Shortly thereafter, she met and married dental student <mask>.For Better or For Worse

In 1978, the <mask>s and their two children relocated to Lynn Lake, Manitoba. She was asked by Universal Press Syndicate if she was interested in doing a comic strip. She sent twenty copies of a strip called The Johnstons, based on her family "since we were the only people I knew I could draw over and over again with some consistency." Much to her surprise, the syndicate approved of the initial strips and offered her a twenty-year contract. After a six-month "work-up" period, the strip first appeared in newspapers throughout Canada under the title For Better or For Worse. The strip has been carried by about 2000 newspapers in Canada, the U.S. and 20 other countries. Many story lines draw from her family's real-life experiences.Her main characters are named after the middle names of her husband and children, with the exception of the mother, as <mask> has no middle name. Instead, she elected to name the protagonist Elly, in honor of a friend of hers who died at a young age. Her brother-in-law <mask> inspired the controversial story about Lawrence's coming out. Deanna was based on Aaron's high school sweetheart, who died in a car accident years after their relationship ended. <mask>'s niece Stephanie is developmentally handicapped and her experience is shared in recent story lines on the integration of developmentally handicapped students in April's class. Elizabeth's teaching career was based on daughter Kate's decision not to pursue a career in education, but provided <mask> with a chance to imagine how that might have turned out. The characters in For Better of For Worse have aged in "real time".On August 31, 2008, <mask> herself appeared in the Sunday strip, which was supposed to be the end of the cartoon, and announced that she would take the story back nearly 30 years to soon after its beginning, with half of the material to be new and the other half repeats. The "new" material was actually reworked versions of older strips with retouched artwork and new dialogue that was sometimes only tweaked to use modern expressions or product names in place of older ones. On seldom occasion an entire strip or a panel has been redone, such as Michael or Elizabeth spanked being turned into a "time out". One spanking strip that remained was a story arc where Michael was spanked by John for hitting another child, and it percolating into a discussion with Elly that she disagreed that spanking was the proper remedy (although she agreed with John that Michael's violent attitude had to be nipped in the bud). Other strips, such as Elly getting annoyed and then hurling something at the back of John's head (such as a coffee cup) were also censored. As the strip was a family strip, issues of throwing a hard object behind someone's back raised issues of spousal abuse. Personal life
Since the 1990s, <mask> has been notably forthcoming in her discussion of the abuse inflicted on her by her mother and her first husband, and being unprepared to be a mother to her son Aaron—topics that have also been reflected in the strip.A column by Jan Wong of The Globe and Mail, reprinted in Lunch with Jan Wong, notably portrayed <mask> as somewhat difficult and irascible. <mask> resided in the Northern Ontario town of Corbeil for many years during For Better or For Worses run. Her daughter Katie also lived in Corbeil and worked at the For Better or For Worse studio, while her son Aaron works in the television industry in Vancouver, BC. In September 2007, <mask> and <mask> announced their separation and intention to divorce. <mask> had talked about either ending For Better or For Worse or handing it off to another cartoonist, but changed her mind as a result of her split from her husband of over 30 years. In September 2008, For Better or For Worse transitioned into a unique mix of straight re-runs and strips that featured original 1980s artwork (sometimes slightly retouched) but new dialogue by <mask> to reflect societal and technological changes. In September 2015, <mask> and her daughter moved back to North Vancouver.<mask> had a close friendship with Charles M. Schulz, creator of Peanuts. She wrote the introduction to one of the volumes of Fantagraphics Books' series The Complete Peanuts. On 13 March 2014, Library and Archives Canada announced that it had acquired material to add to its <mask> collection, including 3282 drawings, 296 watercolours, 244 photographs, about 3.5 m of textual items, and a few other objects. Hi Dad!, 1975
 Do They Ever Grow Up? Leaving Home (With Andie Parton)
 See For Better or For Worse for compilations of the comic strip

References

External links

 Official Website of For Better or For Worse
 Official Website of FBorFW character Ned Tanner
 1994 Hogan's Alley interview, conducted by Tom Heintjes
  NCS Awards
 The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: <mask> Collection guide

1947 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian artists
21st-century Canadian artists
20th-century Canadian women artists
21st-century Canadian women artists
Canadian comic strip cartoonists
Members of the Order of Canada
Members of the Order of Manitoba
People from Nipissing District
Reuben Award winners
Canadian female comics artists
Female comics writers
People from Collingwood, Ontario
People from North Vancouver
Writers from Manitoba
Canadian women artists
Emily Carr University of Art and Design alumni

masks:
Lynn Johnston
Lynn Ridgway
Johnston
Lynn Franks
Lynn Johnston
Rod Johnston
Johnston
Lynn Johnston
Ralph Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Lynn
Rod Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Lynn Johnston


title: Ted Leonsis

texts:
<mask> (born January 8, 1957) is an American businessman, investor, filmmaker, author, philanthropist, and former politician. He is a former senior executive with America Online (AOL), and the founder, chairman, and CEO of Monumental Sports & Entertainment. He is also founding member and investor in the Revolution Growth Fund, which includes investments in FedBid, Resonate Insights, Optoro and CustomInk. He is the founder and chairman of SnagFilms, which produced the documentary film Nanking. The film was honored with the 2009 News & Documentary Emmy Award. He is also an author, having published the book The Business of Happiness in 2010. Personal background
<mask> was born on January 8, 1957, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City.Born to a family of working-class Greek immigrant parents and grandparents who were mill workers, who worked as a waiter and a secretary. When his high school guidance counselor evaluated his skill set, the counselor concluded that young <mask> was destined to work in a grocery store. <mask> also reflects on his working-class roots that being a grocery store manager was all his dad aspired him to be. During his youth, Leonsis mowed lawns for extra money. One day when mowing, he stumbled upon mowing the lawn owned by a wealthy stockbroker and Georgetown alumnus named Jim Shannon. Impressed by Leonsis, he helped Leonsis gain admission into Georgetown University. He attended Brooklyn Technical High School, before moving to Lowell, Massachusetts, where he graduated from Lowell High School in 1973.In 2005, he was honored as one of Lowell High School's Distinguished Alumni for reaching the highest level of accomplishment and possessing the highest standards of integrity and character. He was first in his family to go to university where he attended Georgetown University to pursue his undergraduate studies majoring in American Studies, and graduated in 1977 at the top of his class. Also during college, <mask>, with encouragement from a mentor, Reverend Joseph Durkin, used computers and primitive punch cards to his thesis where it introduced him to the potential fortunes that were to be made in the emerging software and personal computer industries of the early 1980s. After graduating from college, he then moved back to his parents' home in Lowell and began working for Wang Laboratories as a corporate communications manager  and Harris Corp. as a marketing executive. Business career

LIST Magazine
<mask> left Harris Corporation in March 1981 when, at the age 25, he moved to Florida and began his first business venture. His first venture was publishing LIST, a technology magazine that focused on the then-new personal computing industry. He raised $1 million in seed capital with his partner Vincent Pica,.The first issue of the magazine was published in 1982, and was a huge success; $50,000 worth of copies were sold near cash registers, bookstores, and newsstands. Two years later, he sold the company to Thomson Reuters for $40 million netting him $20 million. AOL
In 1987, <mask> established the marketing communications company, Redgate Communications Corporation. When the organization was acquired by America Online (AOL) in 1994, <mask> began working with AOL as a senior executive, remaining with the company for 13 years. Under his leadership, AOL increased its membership from under 800,000 members to over 8 million, while their annual revenue increased from $100 million to $1.5 billion. He held numerous positions at AOL during his years there, completing his tenure and retiring in 2006 as the audience group's president and vice-chairman. , he serves as vice chairman emeritus of AOL.Monumental Sports & Entertainment
<mask> is the founder, majority owner, chairman and CEO of Monumental Sports & Entertainment, which owns the NHL's Washington Capitals, NBA's Washington Wizards, NBA G League's Capital City Go-Go, WNBA's Washington Mystics, and formerly the AFL's Washington Valor and Baltimore Brigade. Monumental Sports additionally owns the Capital One Arena in Washington, D.C. and manages the MedStar Capitals Iceplex and George Mason University's EagleBank Arena. Formed in 2010 by a merger between Leonsis' Lincoln Holdings with Washington Sports & Entertainment, Monumental Sports & Entertainment is the only privately held company in a top-10 market to own and operate five professional sports teams and a major arena. Media
In January 2013, Monumental Sports & Entertainment launched Monumental Network, a digital platform that serves as a hub for Washington's sports and entertainment news. In 2016 a rebranded Monumental Sports Network was launched for digital, mobile and over-the-top platforms. The new Monumental Sports Network offers an OTT service that provides live streaming of Mystics, Valor and AFL Baltimore games as well as additional live events and games. Monumental and CSN Mid-Atlantic formed an advanced media partnership that not only extended CSN's exclusive media rights to the Capitals and Wizards but also saw Monumental become an equity partner in CSN.Additionally, NBC Sports Group invested in Monumental Sports Network, becoming an equity partner. Management
After purchasing the Wizards, <mask> criticized the NBA's salary cap at a luncheon with business leaders. He was fined $100,000 by the league, for "unauthorized public comments regarding the league's collective bargaining negotiations." <mask> has sought to roll-back changes to the Wizards and Capitals franchises that coincided with the opening of the Verizon Center in 1997. In 2007, he changed the Capitals team logo and its colors back to their original red, white, and blue, and in May 2011, received positive responses from media, fans, players and alumni when the Wizards unveiled a similar red, white and blue color scheme, along with uniforms reminiscent of those worn by the team under their former name, the Bullets, when they won the NBA Championship in 1978. Additionally, he had taken under consideration restoring the Bullets name to the franchise, though critics said that this would "send the wrong message" about gun violence in Washington. Washington Capitals
<mask> has owned the Washington Capitals since the spring of 1999, and in that timeframe the team has won ten Southeast Division titles, three Presidents' Trophies, recorded more than 200 consecutive sellouts at Verizon Center (now Capital One Arena), and won a Stanley Cup Championship.In the early years of his ownership, the Capitals went on to win back-to-back Southeast Division titles in 2000 and 2001, but lost in the first round of the playoffs to the Pittsburgh Penguins. In summer 2001, the Capitals traded for Jaromír Jágr and signed him to what was at the time, the largest contract in NHL history. The trade was enthusiastically well received by fans and over 300 people showed up at Dulles International Airport to greet Jágr when he arrived. After Jágr was traded in 2004, <mask> was criticized by fans. He was involved in a physical altercation with a fan, who led a mocking chant of <mask> during the game and hoisted a sign chiding him. In the altercation, Leonsis grabbed and threw the fan to the ground, which also caused a young child to fall to the ground. For his involvement in the scuffle, <mask> was fined $100,000.He also received a suspension of one week, during which he was prohibited from having any contact with the team. After the incident, <mask> personally called the fan to apologize for his actions and invited him and his family to watch a game in the owner's box. In 2009, a season ticket holder informed Leonsis of a homeless man, Scott Lovell, who spent his nights sleeping outside Verizon Center. <mask> found Lovell a part-time job as a restaurant kitchen worker and provided him with a paid and furnished apartment, a prosthetic leg and Capitals season tickets for life. In return, Lovell vowed to remain clean and sober. In 2010, journalist Damien Cox, author of the Ovechkin Project, a biography of Alexander Ovechkin, wrote that <mask> was trying to circumvent the NHL's salary cap when signing Ovechkin's contract. He also alleged that <mask> was bribing bloggers for positive coverage of the Capitals.<mask> said that Cox was angry that he did not receive the access to Ovechkin that he wanted and defended his support for the league. During the 2009–2010 season, the Capitals earned the NHL's President's Trophy as the team that finished with the most points in the league during the regular season. The 2010–2011 season marked the highest attendance in franchise history, drawing 754,309 fans. The Capitals, like other teams, have raised ticket prices in recent years. In 2011, after raising ticket prices for the fourth consecutive year while shrinking the size of beers sold at the Verizon Center, he earned the nickname "Leon$i$". In 2001, <mask> claimed to have written a computer program that prevented Pittsburgh Penguins fans (the Capitals first-round opponent) from purchasing tickets online. When asked if the actions were unfair, <mask> stated, "I don't care.I'm going to keep doing it." Again in 2009, he received criticism for preventing visiting team fans from purchasing Capitals playoff tickets. In the face of community opposition, <mask> has persisted with a plan to expand the billboards around the Verizon Center. Critics said the signage would make the arena more garish and cheapen DC's Chinatown, <mask> said it was necessary to raise an additional $20 to 30 million in annual revenue, and a sports expert explained that "an owner saddled with underperforming teams is under greater pressure to find income sources." <mask> persevered and in March 2013 construction of the new signs were announced. In 2013, <mask> received a letter about Jack Dibler, a lifelong Capitals fan who had recently been diagnosed with esophageal cancer. In response, <mask> sent Dibler a package that included a signed Alexander Ovechkin jersey and a letter inviting Dibler and his family to a game.On June 7, 2018, the Washington Capitals won the Stanley Cup Championship by defeating the Vegas Golden Knights 4 games to 1. This was the first Stanley Cup victory in the history of the Washington Capitals. Washington Wizards

<mask> became the majority owner of the Washington Wizards in June 2010, inheriting a team that had 26 wins and 56 losses during the previous season. <mask> has taken a fan-centric approach to running the franchise, by listening and responding to the concerns of Wizards supporters through his email and personal website. On May 10,

masks:
Theodore John Leonsis
Leonsis
Ted
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis


title: Ted Leonsis

texts:
 2011, the Wizards unveiled a new color scheme, uniforms and logo. The team reverted to its traditional red, white and blue colors. The uniforms are based very closely on those worn by the Washington Bullets from 1974 to 1987, during the team's glory years.During <mask>' tenure as owner, the Wizards have compiled a promising young nucleus of players, including John Wall (No. 1 pick in the 2010 NBA Draft), Bradley Beal (No. 3 pick in the 2012 NBA Draft) and Otto Porter Jr. (No. 3 pick in the 2013 NBA Draft). They also acquired veterans like Nenê, Paul Pierce and Marcin Gortat early in <mask>' tenure. <mask> was chairman of the NBA's 2014 media committee that negotiated a nine-year expanded partnership with Turner Broadcasting and The Walt Disney Company. In February 2016, construction started on a new practice facility for the Wizards.The development was paid for by DC taxpayers and District-funded Events DC while <mask>' contribution to the $55 million cost was considered ceremonial. The Wizards also announced that they would raise ticket prices for a third consecutive year. Washington Mystics
<mask> purchased the rights to the Mystics around the same time he took over the Wizards. Washington Valor and Baltimore Brigade
On March 10, 2016, <mask> announced that he was purchasing an expansion franchise in the Arena Football League (AFL) to play at the Verizon Center beginning in 2017. On March 16, 2016, the announcement was made official by AFL commissioner Scott Butera. On July 14, 2016, the team name was revealed as the Washington Valor. On November 14, 2016, Monumental announced that it had acquired an AFL team that would begin play in 2017 in Baltimore.The team name was later revealed as the Baltimore Brigade. But in 2019, those teams went defunct, as the league went bankrupt and dissolved. Capital City Go-Go
In 2018, <mask> announced the purchase of an NBA G League franchise that would be later named the Capital City Go-Go. SnagFilms
<mask> is the founder, chairman and largest shareholder of SnagFilms, a content and technology company with a full-service video streaming platform, professional video and journalism content assets and established relationships with the creative community. The company grew out of <mask>' experience as a film producer. In addition to being the Internet's leading site for watching and sharing nonfiction films, the company owns indieWIRE, a news information and networking site targeted towards independent-minded filmmakers, the film industry and moviegoers alike. His first production was the documentary Nanking, which premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.The film is based on the book The Rape of Nanking by Iris Chang. It was honored with the 2008 Peabody Award and the 2009 News & Documentary Emmy Award for Best Historical Programming (Long Form). In 2008, <mask> produced Kicking It, which is a documentary by Susan Koch about the 2006 Homeless World Cup. The film was narrated by actor Colin Farrell and featured residents of Afghanistan; Kenya; Dublin, Ireland; Charlotte, North Carolina; Madrid; and Saint Petersburg. The film premiered in January 2008 at the Sundance Film Festival. A third documentary, A Fighting Chance, tells the story of Kyle Maynard, who became a nationally ranked wrestler, motivational speaker, and bestselling author, despite being born without arms or legs. In 2013, <mask> produced the documentary Lost for Life, which explores juvenile offenders who have been sentenced to life without parole.Revolution Money and Clearspring Technologies
Leonsis is the founder of Revolution Money, a company which provides secure payments through an Internet-based platform. In 2009, the company was sold to American Express; <mask> is now on the board of directors at American Express. He is currently the Chairman of Clearspring Technologies, an online content sharing network, which connects publishers, services and advertisers to audiences on the internet. Private equity and venture capital
Leonsis is cofounder and partner in the D.C.-based venture fund, Revolution Growth. Revolution Growth has made investments in: CLEAR, Sportradar, Bigcommerce, CustomInk, Echo360, Optoro, Resonate, sweetgreen, Revolution Foods and Handybook. In a 25-year period he has personally made investments and owned equity stake in numerous companies, including Groupon, Google, AOL, Revolution Money, AddThis, Preview Travel (Travelocity), GridPoint, Inside.com (formerly Mahalo), MobilePosse, ObjectVideo, SB Nation, Zedge, Triporati, Personal, I-Village, Proxicom, ePals, SnagFilms, MediaBank, Two Harbors, Videology, Algentis, Social Radar and Forbes travel guide. Board game design
<mask> is also the co-inventor of Only In New York, a board game that blends street savvy and smarts needed to make it in New York City.Players move around the city answering trivia questions about the city and receive the letters N.E.W Y.O.R.K by answering at least one question correctly. Involvement in eSports
<mask> is a member of the investment group, aXiomatic, which owns Team Liquid, a competitive eSports Team, and has made public statements on Forbes regarding his involvement in the industry. Writing career
<mask> has authored a number of books, including Blue Magic: The People, Power and Politics Behind the IBM PC and The Business of Happiness: 6 Secrets to Extraordinary Success in Work and Life. Personal life
<mask> is married to <mask> and they have a son and a daughter. He has been married to Lynn since August 1987. He is an avid fan of sports and music, especially Fugazi, Jimi Hendrix, The Rolling Stones and Elvis Presley. He recalls his experience with music when Leonsis was let out of school and when his parents got home from work where music helped him fill the void during his spare time.In early 2011, <mask> purchased a 13-acre estate in Potomac, Maryland. He acquired the property for $20 million after selling homes in McLean, Virginia and Vero Beach, Florida. The  estate was once the home of Joseph P. Kennedy, summer home of Franklin Roosevelt, and was owned by the Gore family from 1942 to 1995. <mask> purchased the home from Chris Rogers, a telecommunications executive who acquired Leonsis' home in McLean. Forbes estimates his net worth at around US$1 billion in 2018. Politics
<mask> once served as the mayor of Orchid, Florida. <mask> got involved in politics after he ran a friend's campaign for Congress and worked as an intern for Paul Tsongas's office in Washington, D.C.He has donated to the campaign of Barack Obama during his 2008 and 2012 elections and Hillary Clinton in 2016. Philanthropy
As vice chairman of Washington 2024, <mask> took on a leading role in the region's bid for Summer 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games. In June 2014 the United States Olympic Committee identified Washington and three other cities as potential locations. The USOC ultimately selected Los Angeles, which lost the 2024 bid was awarded the 2028 Summer Games. <mask> is the founder of the Leonsis Foundation, which supports children "overcome obstacles and achieve their goals". Through the Leonsis Foundation, his sports teams and the Monumental Sports & Entertainment Foundation, SnagFilms and his family's personal giving, more than 400 charities were served and supported during the last 12 months. These charities and causes include Best Buddies, DC Central Kitchen, See Forever Foundation, Venture Philanthropy Partners, Street Soccer USA, YouthAIDS, GlobalGiving.org, DC-CAP, D.C. College Success Foundation, Potomac School, Georgetown University, Children's Hospital, Potomac Valley Amateur Hockey Association, Salvation Army Angel Tree, Alliance for Lupus Research, Serve DC, Fort Dupont Ice Arena and Ice Hockey Club, USO of Metropolitan Washington, Capital Area Food Bank, Flashes of Hope, Inova Health System Foundation, UNICEF, obesity prevention and numerous local schools, cancer research and awareness programs.Board membership
 SnagFilms – Founding chairman
 Groupon – Chairman of the Board of Directors
 Georgetown University – Member of the Board of Directors (2008–2009)
Uptake (business) - Member of the Board of Directors

Honors and awards
 2001: Businessperson of the Year – Washington Business Journal and
 2001: Washingtonian of the Year – Washingtonian Magazine
 2009: Washington's Tech Titans – Washingtonian Magazine
 2010: Washington Business Hall of Fame – Junior Achievement of Greater Washington
 2010: John Carroll Award – Georgetown University
 2013: Virginia's 50 most influential people – Virginia Business magazine
 2013: No. 1 Sports PowerPlayer in Maryland
 2016 Greater Washington Urban League Unsung Philanthropist Award
 2018 Stanley Cup Champion

Published works
 <mask>, <mask> (1984). Software Master for the IBM PC (128k), Warner Software, 323 pages. <mask>, <mask> (1984). Software Master for Pes: Apple Version (48k), Warner Software. Chposky, James; and <mask> (1988). Blue Magic: The People, Power and Politics Behind the IBM Personal Computer, Facts on File Publications, 228 pages.<mask>, <mask> (2010). The Business of Happiness: 6 Secrets to Extraordinary Success in Work and Life, Regnery Publishing, 256 pages. References

External links

 C-SPAN Q&A interview with <mask>, May 9, 2010

1957 births
American advertising executives
American billionaires
American business writers
American chairpersons of corporations
American chief executives in the media industry
American chief executives of financial services companies
American communications businesspeople
American consulting businesspeople
American documentary film producers
American financial company founders
American Internet company founders
American magazine editors
American magazine publishers (people)
American media company founders
American motivational writers
American people of Greek descent
American technology chief executives
American venture capitalists
AOL people
Arena Football League executives
Board game designers
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from New York City
Businesspeople from Washington, D.C.
Georgetown University alumni
Georgetown University people
Greek Orthodox Christians from the United States
Living people
Mayors of places in Florida
National Hockey League executives
National Hockey League owners
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
Stanley Cup champions
Washington Capitals owners
Washington Mystics owners
Washington Wizards owners
Women's National Basketball Association executives
Writers from Massachusetts
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Shorty Award

masks:
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Lynn Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Leonsis
Ted
Leonsis
Ted
Ted Leonsis
Leonsis
Ted
Leonsis


title: Pat Benatar

texts:
<mask> (née Andrzejewski; born January 10, 1953), known professionally as <mask>, is an American rock singer and songwriter. In the United States, she has had two multi-platinum albums, five platinum albums, and 15 Billboard top 40 singles, while in Canada she had eight straight platinum albums and has sold over 35 million albums worldwide. She is also a four-time Grammy Award winner. Benatar's 1979 debut album, In the Heat of the Night, was her breakthrough in North America, especially in Canada where it reached number 3 on the album chart. Two singles from it were hits: "Heartbreaker" and "We Live for Love",  the latter written by her lead guitarist and future husband, Neil Giraldo. Benatar's second album, 1980's Crimes of Passion, was her most successful work, peaking at number 2 in North America and France, being certified 4× and 5× platinum in the US and Canada, respectively. Its single "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" reached the top 10 in the US and Canada and is considered to be her best-known song.Benatar's third album, Precious Time (1981), was another success, topping the US Album Chart and becoming her first top 10 album in Australia. Its single "Fire and Ice" charted highly in the US and Canada. Her next release, Get Nervous (1982), sold less well than her previous two albums, but did include the North American hit "Shadows of the Night". Benatar's sound began to move towards more atmospheric pop in 1983. The single "Love Is a Battlefield" (1983) written by Holly Knight and Mike Chapman was her biggest hit in most countries, reaching number 1 in the Netherlands, Australia and on the US Rock Tracks chart, and number 5 on the US Hot 100. The live album it came from Live from Earth, was her biggest seller in Australia, Germany and the Netherlands. In 1984, Benatar released Tropico and its lead single "We Belong", which reached the top 10 in several countries, including number 5 on the US Hot 100.Benatar's 1985 album, Seven the Hard Way, sold less well but it yielded two singles harking back to the rock vein: "Invincible", written by Holly Knight and Simon Climie, a top 10 hit in North America, and "Sex as a Weapon". Her follow-up, Wide Awake in Dreamland (1988), marked a resurgence in sales in Canada and Australia, and was her biggest hit in the UK. Its rocker, "All Fired Up", was a significant hit in Canada, Australia and the US. Benatar released four additional albums between 1991 and 2003. Early life
<mask>r was born <mask> Andrzejewski on January 10, 1953, in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, New York City. Her mother, Mildred (née Knapp; 1928–2016), was a beautician, and her father, Andrew () Andrzejewski (1926–2009), was a sheet-metal worker. Her father was of Polish descent and her mother was of German, English, and Irish ancestry.Her family moved to North Hamilton Avenue in Lindenhurst, New York, a village in the Long Island town of Babylon. Benatar became interested in theater and began voice lessons, singing her first solo at the age of eight, at Daniel Street Elementary School, a song called "It Must Be Spring". At Lindenhurst Senior High School (1967–1970), she participated in musical theatre, playing Queen Guinevere in the school production of Camelot, marching in the homecoming parade, singing at the annual Christmas Tree Lighting ceremony, and performing a solo of "The Christmas Song" on a holiday recording of the Lindenhurst High School Choir in her senior year. Benatar trained as a coloratura with plans to attend the Juilliard School, but decided instead to pursue health education at Stony Brook University. At 19, after one year at Stony Brook, she dropped out to marry her first husband, high school sweetheart <mask>, a U.S. Army draftee who trained at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, then served with the Army Security Agency at Fort Devens, Massachusetts, before being stationed at Fort Lee, Virginia, starting in 1973. <mask>r worked as a bank teller near Richmond, Virginia. Career

Career beginnings
Benatar quit her job to pursue a singing career after being inspired by a Liza Minnelli concert she saw in Richmond.She had a gig at a Holiday Inn and got a job as a singing waitress at a nightclub named the Roaring Twenties. At the Roaring Twenties, she met and formed a duo with pianist, Phil Coxon, which soon expanded to a ten-person lounge band called Coxon's Army, a regular at Sam Miller's basement club. The band gained in popularity and was the subject of a never-aired PBS special; its bassist Roger Capps was later the original bass player for the <mask>r Band. The period also yielded Benatar's first and only single until her eventual 1979 single (taken from the album In the Heat of the Night on Chrysalis Records): "Day Gig" (1974), Trace Records, written and produced by Coxon and locally released in Richmond. Her last significant gig in Richmond was a two-hour performance at Thomas Jefferson High School. Dennis Benatar was discharged from the Army and the couple moved to New York in May 1975 so Benatar could pursue a singing career. Benatar performed at an amateur night at the comedy club Catch a Rising Star in New York.Her rendition of Judy Garland's "Rock-a-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody" earned her a callback by club owner Rick Newman, who then became her manager; she became a regular performer at Catch a Rising Star for the next three years. In late 1975 she landed the part of Zephyr in Harry Chapin's futuristic rock musical, The Zinger, which ran for a month in 1976 at the Performing Arts Foundation's (PAF) Playhouse in Huntington Station, Long Island. Halloween 1977 proved a pivotal night in Benatar's early, spandexed stage persona. She entered a Halloween contest at the Cafe Figaro in Greenwich Village dressed as a character from the film Cat-Women of the Moon. Later that evening, she went onstage at Catch a Rising Star still in costume. Between appearances at Catch a Rising Star, she recorded commercial jingles for Pepsi-Cola and a number of regional brands. She headlined New York City's Tramps nightclub over four days in spring 1978, where her performance was heard by representatives from several record companies.She was signed to Chrysalis Records by co-founder Terry Ellis the following week. <mask> and Dennis Benatar divorced shortly after, although she kept his surname. 1979–1981: In the Heat of the Night and Crimes of Passion
Benatar's debut album, In the Heat of the Night, was released in August 1979, but only debuted on the US Billboard 200 album chart in October, eventually peaking at number 12 in the US in March 1980. Mike Chapman produced three tracks on the album, while engineer Peter Coleman oversaw the rest. In addition, Chapman and his songwriting partner, Nicky Chinn, wrote three songs that appear on the LP: "In the Heat of the Night" and "If You Think You Know How to Love Me" which were previously recorded by Smokie, and a rearranged version of a song they wrote for Sweet, "No You Don't". The album also featured two songs written by Roger Capps and Benatar; "I Need a Lover", written by John Mellencamp; and "Don't Let It Show", written by Alan Parsons and Eric Woolfson. The album was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in December 1980.Canada became the album's most successful market as it certified 4× Platinum there with chart peak of number 3 on the RPM albums chart. While it was a moderate success in Australia, reaching number 25, and very successful in New Zealand, reaching number 8, it barely made the Top 100 in the UK. Unusual for an English-language album, its most successful European market was France where it went to number 20. "If You Think You Know How to Love Me" was the first single to be released on September 14, 1979. However, it was unsuccessful. Benatar's second single "Heartbreaker" was released on October 26, 1979, and became a sleeper hit, eventually climbing to number 23 in the US, number 16 in Canada and number 14 in New Zealand. It was later listed at No.72 on VH1's list of the Greatest Hard Rock songs of all-time. A third single "We Live for Love", which was written by her future husband Neil Giraldo, was released in February 1980, and became her first Top 10 hit anywhere by reaching number 8 in Canada, while reaching number 27 in the US, number 26 in New Zealand, and number 28 in Australia, her first hit there. In August 1980, Benatar released her second LP, Crimes of Passion, featuring her signature song "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" along with the controversial song "Hell Is for Children", which was inspired by reading a series of articles in the New York Times about child abuse in America. "Hit Me With Your Best Shot" (US number 9) was her first single to break the US Top 10 and sold more than one million copies (Gold status) in the United States. It was also a Top 10 hit in Canada and a moderate hit in Australia where it reached number 33. The album peaked for five consecutive weeks at number 2 in the US in January 1981 (behind John Lennon's and Yoko Ono's Double Fantasy) and a month later, Benatar won her first Grammy Award for "Best Female Rock Vocal Performance" of 1980 for the album. Other singles released from Crimes of Passion were "Treat Me Right" (US number 18 and Canada number 12) and the Rascals' cover, "You Better Run" (US number 42 but did not chart in Canada), which was the second music video ever played on MTV, after the Buggles' "Video Killed the Radio Star".The album also featured a changed-tempo cover of Kate Bush's "Wuthering Heights". Produced by Keith Olsen, Crimes of Passion remained on the US album charts for 93 weeks and in the top 10 for more than six months, becoming her first Platinum certification by the RIAA, and was later certified as being 4× Platinum, her biggest selling album in the US. In October 1980, Benatar (along with future husband Neil Giraldo) appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine. The album was certified 5× Platinum in Canada, her best selling album in that country, where it peaked at number 2 on the album charts. It was also successful in New Zealand (number 6), France (number 2) and Australia (number 16) but did not chart in the UK. 1982–1983: Precious Time, Get Nervous, and Live from Earth
In July 1981, Benatar released her third studio album, Precious Time, which became her first album to hit number one on the Billboard 200. In Canada it was certified double Platinum and peaked at number 2 on the album chart.It was also her first to chart in the UK, reaching number 30, and became her biggest success in Australia and New Zealand, reaching number 8 and number 2, respectively, while once again being highly successful in France, peaking at number 3. The album's lead single, "Fire and Ice" (co-written by band member Scott Sheets), was another hit (US number 17 and number 2 on the new Rock Tracks chart, Canada number 4, Top 30 Australia and New Zealand) and won Benatar her second Grammy Award for "Best Female Rock Vocal Performance" and her third consecutive RIAA certified Platinum album, eventually being certified double Platinum. "Promises in the Dark" (US number 38 and Canada number 31) was also released as a single. Get Nervous was released in 1982, led by a hit single and MTV video, "Shadows of the Night", which sold well: US Hot 100 number 13 and Rock Tracks chart number 3, Canada number 12, and AUS number 19. The album was another success, reaching number 4 in the US, although it sold less well in most other countries, generally only reaching the Top 20 (Canada number 16), and only reached number 73 in the UK. It was her fourth consecutive RIAA and CRIA Platinum certification, and "Shadows of the Night" garnered Benatar her third Grammy, again for "Best Female Rock Vocal Performance". The follow-up singles, "Little Too Late" and "Looking for a Stranger", were also successful in the US, hitting number 20 and number 39 (plus number 4 on the Rock Tracks chart) but did not chart outside the US, even in Canada.The WWII-themed music video for "Shadows of the Night" featured then-unknown actors Judge Reinhold as an American fighter copilot and Bill Paxton as a German radio operator. By 1983, Benatar had established a reputation for singing about "tough" subject matters, best exemplified by one of the biggest hits of her career, "Love Is a Battlefield" (penned by noted hit songwriter Holly Knight with Mike Chapman), released in December 1983. By then, her sound had mellowed from hard rock to more atmospheric pop and the story-based video clip for "Love Is a Battlefield" was aimed squarely at MTV, even featuring Benatar in a Michael Jackson-inspired group dance number, using Jackson's Beat It director Bob Giraldi and choreographer Michael Peters. This new pop/rock direction was a huge commercial success, with the single remaining today as her biggest hit in most countries. This included it peaking at number 5 on the US Hot 100, number 1 for four weeks on the US Rock Tracks chart, number 2 in Canada, number 1 in the Netherlands (for four weeks ending as the number 2 song for the year), her first Top 30 hit there, and at number 1 in Australia for seven consecutive weeks, her first Top 25 hit there, number 3 in West Germany, number 5 in Switzerland, number 6 in New Zealand, and number 17 in the UK, her first Top 50 song there. It was became her first song to chart in Switzerland reaching number 11 there. The song also netted Benatar her fourth consecutive Grammy Award for "Best Female Rock Vocal Performance"."Love Is a Battlefield" was one of two studio tracks included on the live album, Live from Earth, which was recorded during Benatar's sold-out 'Get Nervous' world tour of America and Europe in 1982 and 1983, the other being "Lipstick Lies". The album had mixed success in different countries: it peaked at number 2 in Australia, number 12 in New Zealand, number 13 in the US, and became her first hit album in Germany (number 7) and the Netherlands (number 4), but only made the Top 25 in Canada and France, and number 60 in the UK. It became her fifth consecutive RIAA and CRIA Platinum album. 1984–1986: Tropico and Seven the Hard Way
In August 1984, Benatar released her fifth studio album, Tropico, which, aside from reaching number 7 in New Zealand and number 31 in the UK, was generally a step back in most other countries (US number 14, Canada number 21, AUS number 9, France number 16, Germany number 26, Netherlands number 23). The single "We Belong", a slow-tempo pop song, released in October 1984, a month prior to the album's release, became another top 10 hit in the US peaking at number 5, reaching the Top 10 in several other countries, including number 7 in Australia, number 9 in West Germany, and number 5 in Switzerland, her most successful but last hit single there. It also peaked at number 22 in the UK. A second single release, "Ooh Ooh Song", reached number 36 in the US, but fared poorly in other countries.It is said by Benatar and Giraldo that this album is the first where they moved away from Benatar's famed "hard rock" sound and start experimenting with new, sometimes "gentler", styles and sounds. Despite not making the US Top 10, the album immediately earned her a sixth consecutive RIAA and CRIA Platinum-certified album. After the chart success of "We Belong" in the UK, "Love is a Battlefield" was re-released in the UK early 1985 and became her highest chart hit there, reaching number 17. "We Belong" was also nominated for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 1986. Benatar's first nomination in that category. In 1985, Benatar released her sixth studio album, Seven the Hard Way. Benatar hit the US Top 10 (and number 4 on the US Rock Tracks chart) with the Grammy-nominated rock single "Invincible" (the theme from the movie The Legend of Billie Jean),

masks:
Patricia Mae Giraldo
Pat Benatar
Pat Benata
Patricia Mae
Dennis Benatar
Pat Benata
Pat Benata
Pat Benatar


title: Pat Benatar

texts:
 which was written by Holly Knight (Love Is a Battlefield) and Simon Climie, three full months before the album was released.The track also reached number 6 in Canada. Her other Grammy-nominated single from the album, the guitar-driven "Sex As a Weapon", climbed as high as number 28 on the US Hot 100 in January 1986, number 5 on the US Rock Tracks chart, and reached the Top 30 in Canada. Both the Seven and the Hard Way singles were less successful outside North America than the previous two "gentler" singles, generally reaching the Top 30 in Australia, West Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand (although Invincible went Top 15 there), but missing the Top 50 in the UK. A third single, the mellow "Le Bel Age", made it to number 54 on the US Hot 100. Seven the Hard Way peaked at number 26 in the US, earning an RIAA Gold certification (import CD). In Canada, it was her seventh consecutive Platinum certified album even though it only peaked at number 36 on the albums sales chart. It also reached number 19 in Australia and was a big success in New Zealand reaching number 2, but did not reach the Top 50 in West Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland or the UK, and for the first time, an album of Benatar's failed to chart in France.In Benatar's autobiography, Between a Heart and a Rock Place, she said, "Out of all the albums, Seven the Hard Way cost the most to make and sold the least." The album sold approximately 600,000 US copies. 1987–1988: Best Shots and Wide Awake in Dreamland
In July 1988, Benatar released her seventh studio album, Wide Awake in Dreamland, which generally improved on the success of Seven the Hard Way, such as peaking at number 11 in the UK and Canada, earning her eighth consecutive Platinum certified album in Canada, and number 13 in Australia. It peaked at number 26 in the US, but stalled at number 15 in New Zealand, usually one of her most successful markets. The Grammy-nominated lead single, "All Fired Up" (written by Kerryn Tolhurst, ex-The Dingoes) reached number 19 in both the U.S. and the U.K. (plus number 2 on the US Rock Tracks chart), number 8 in Canada, number 20 in New Zealand, and was a number 2 smash in Australia, becoming one of the biggest hits of 1988 in that country. Other singles released from the LP are "Don't Walk Away" (UK number 42), the Grammy nominated "Let's Stay Together", and "One Love" (UK number 59). 1989–present: True Love, Gravity's Rainbow, and Go

True Love was a jump blues record, released in late April 1991, and featured the blues band Roomful of Blues, backing up <mask>, Neil Giraldo and Myron Grombacher.The album sold over 339,000 copies without significant radio airplay and limited exposure on VH-1. "Payin' the Cost to Be the Boss", "So Long", and the title cut were released as singles, with the first reaching number 17 on the US Rock Tracks chart, but not charting anywhere else. The album reached number 40 in the UK and number 37 in the US. It was certified Gold in Canada for sales of 50,000 units, her first to not achieve Platinum status and her last certified album for that country where it peaked at 22 on the albums sales chart. It reached the Top 40 in several other countries. Gravity's Rainbow was released in 1993 and was a return to the AOR genre. "Everybody Lay Down" was picked up by Album Rock radio and went all the way to number 3 on the Rock Tracks chart.The single was never released to Top 40/Contemporary Hit Radio and a music video was never produced. The only other country where it charted was Canada where it reached number 50. "Somebody's Baby" was instead released as the single to Top 40 radio and a music video produced, but it did not chart in the US and was only a minor success in some other countries, including peaking at number 41 in Canada. A third track, "Everytime I Fall Back", was scheduled for release and a video was filmed, but the single was never released and the music video was lost when Chrysalis was sold to EMI Records. Benatar had become pregnant again and it may have had an effect on her label's support of the album. The tour for this album was only seven dates, cut short because of the pregnancy. It was Benatar's last album recorded for Chrysalis.With very little promotion from Chrysalis, Gravity's Rainbow failed to have the same commercial success as Benatar's previous work. According to SoundScan, the album sold approximately 160,000 copies in the United States and it reached number 85 on the album chart. It is currently available in a two-in-one release with True Love (import). The album only charted in one other market – that being Canada – where it reached number 44. Innamorata (US number 171) was released in 1997 on the CMC International record label. A single video was produced for "Strawberry Wine (Life is Sweet)". According to SoundScan, the album sold close to 65,000 copies.Benatar has released only one album of new material since 1997's Innamorata, which is 2003's Go (US number 187). The album included the 9/11 charity single "Christmas in America" as a bonus track. A video was produced for the single "Have It All", but was never released until it was leaked on YouTube in 2012; the only video from this album is for the bonus track. They reunited with Holly Knight with Neil and Holly cowriting the tune "Girl". The hard rock title track "Go!" became a popular performance song for Benatar's future concerts. According to SoundScan, the album has now sold nearly 34,000 copies.In November 2015, Benatar recorded and released a holiday song called "One December Night". In January 2017, Benatar recorded the song "Shine" to support the Women's March on January 21, 2017, which was her first original non-holiday recording in over 10 years. In September of the same year Benatar again teamed with songwriter and producer Linda Perry for the song "Dancing Through the Wreckage", which was the lead single from the soundtrack for the documentary Served Like a Girl. In October 2017 the song entered the Billboard Adult Contemporary Chart, eventually peaking at number 22 in November. The song also received a nomination for Best Song from a Documentary from the Critics' Choice Awards. In 2020, Benatar was nominated for induction in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame alongside fifteen other artists but despite coming in second in the fan vote was not among the inductees. She was nominated for a second time in 2022.Personal life

<mask>r married her high school sweetheart, <mask>, at the age of 19 in 1972; the couple divorced in 1979. She has been married to her second husband, guitarist Neil Giraldo, since 1982. They have two daughters and live in Los Angeles, California. Benatar is a lapsed Roman Catholic. Tours
1979–1980: toured in support of In the Heat of the Night and Crimes of Passion
1981: Precious Time Tour
1982–1983: Get Nervous Tour, resulting in the Live from Earth album and HBO special released on VHS and (eventually) DVD
1985–1986: Seven the Hard Way Tour
1988: Wide Awake in Dreamland Tour
1991: True Love Tour with Hall and Oates
1993: Gravity's Rainbow Tour with seven dates only (cut short because of second pregnancy)
1995: Can't Stop Rockin' Tour with Fleetwood Mac and REO Speedwagon
1996: Hits Tour, which previewed some material from Innamorata
1997: toured with the Steve Miller Band, adding full-length solo shows in bars and clubs on Miller's nights off; appeared at Lilith Fair for two performances
1998: Innamorata Tour
1999: Synchronistic Wanderings 20th Anniversary Tour
2000: PB2000 Tour
2001–2002: Summer Vacation Tour in support of the CD and DVD release Summer Vacation Tour
2003: I Won't Go Tour
2004: Let's Go Tour
2005: Almost II Tour
2006: Polyamnesia Off the Rock Tour
2007: Summarized Tour
2008: Fired Up! Tour
2009: Call Me Invincible Tour with Blondie;  also featured The Donnas on some full-length solo shows
2010: Love on the Run Tour with REO Speedwagon, which included her former drummer Myron Grombacher. Subsequently, in October 2010, she toured Australia and played various dates with the 1980s girl pop group The Bangles
2011: The Elements of Five Tour
2012: toured with Loverboy and Journey
2013: New Zealand tour with Bachman & Turner and America; North American tour with Cheap Trick, Eric Burdon and selected solo dates
2014: Dressed to Kill Tour with Cher
2014: 35th Anniversary tour with solo dates, and co-headlining dates with Rick Springfield, Cheap Trick, and John Waite.Berlin also opened for Benatar on a few dates
2015: 35th Anniversary tour continued from previously cancelled dates with Cher, in support of the 35th Anniversary Tour (Live) CD/DVD release; this tour too was cancelled because of emergency eye surgery for Neil Giraldo in late summer 2015. An acoustic tour with just <mask>r and Neil Giraldo was begun in October
2016: We Live For Love Tour with Melissa Etheridge and solo dates. In protest of the anti-LGBT laws passed in Mississippi and North Carolina, Benatar chose to still perform in those states. The proceeds from her tickets sales, however, were donated to organizations to help fund the reversal of those laws
2017: Let's Go Tour
2018: Almost II Tour
2019: 40th Anniversary Tour
2021: De Novo Tour

Memoir
In June 2010, Benatar's memoir, Between a Heart and a Rock Place, was released. The book was published by HarperCollins and was acquired by Lisa Sharkey. Benatar's memoir touches on her battles with her record company Chrysalis, the difficulties that her career caused in her personal life, and feminism. In the memoir, she is quoted as saying, "For every day since I was old enough to think, I've considered myself a feminist …  It's empowering to watch and to know that, perhaps in some way, I made the hard path [women] have to walk just a little bit easier."The book went on to become a New York Times bestseller. Initially reluctant to undertake the project, she found the actual writing process so enjoyable that it inspired her with plans to write a novel. In summer 2011, Benatar announced she was working on a Christmas album and a novel about the second coming of Christ. Band
Although billed as a solo artist, Benatar recorded and toured with a consistent set of band members over most of her career:
 Neil "Spyder" Giraldo (incorrectly spelled as "Geraldo" in early liner notes/credits) is the lead guitarist of the band and has performed on all of Benatar's albums. Myron Grombacher, who played with Giraldo in Rick Derringer's touring band, is drummer on nine of Benatar's original albums (Crimes of Passion, Precious Time, Get Nervous, Live from Earth, Tropico, Seven the Hard Way, Wide Awake in Dreamland, True Love, and Gravity's Rainbow) and has numerous writing credits. Grombacher is easily recognizable in the music videos, particularly as the mad dentist in "Anxiety (Get Nervous)". Charlie Giordano performed keyboard duties on six albums (Get Nervous, Live from Earth, Tropico, Seven the Hard Way, Wide Awake in Dreamland and True Love) and is identifiable by his glasses and distinctive array of berets, blazers, and 1980s-style ties.In 2007, he replaced the late Danny Federici in the E Street Band. Roger Capps, the original bassist for the first five albums (In the Heat of the Night, Crimes of Passion, Precious Time, Get Nervous, and Live from Earth), co-wrote "Hell Is For Children" with Benatar and Giraldo and left the band in 1984. Scott St. Clair Sheets (Scott Sheets) who was originally the lead guitarist of the infamous 1970s NYC band, The Brats, was an original member of the <mask>r Band. Sheets is credited as guitarist on the first 3 albums (In the Heat of the Night, Crimes of Passion, and Precious Time) and first 3 world tours. He wrote the song "Prisoner of Love" for the Crimes of Passion album and co-wrote the hit "Fire and Ice" for the Precious Time album. Mick Mahan is the band's bassist and has performed with Benatar since 1995 and has appeared on albums (Innamorata and Go). The original bassist, Roger Capps, was replaced by Donnie Nossov on Tropico, and then later by Frank Linx.Donnie Nossov was the band's 2nd bassist for 2 of <mask>'s albums (Tropico and Seven the Hard Way)
 Frank Linx was the bassist for 2 of <mask>r's studio albums (Wide Awake in Dreamland and Gravity's Rainbow)
 Glen Alexander Hamilton played drums on the first album (In the Heat of the Night). Chuck Domanico was the band's bassist on their 8th studio album and 9th album overall (True Love)
 Chris Ralles is the band's current drummer. Other achievements

Stage and screen appearances
 Benatar played the role of Jeanette Florescu in the film Union City (1980), directed by Mark Reichert. Benatar played the character Zephyr in Harry Chapin's futuristic rock musical The Zinger. Benatar performed the solo "Shooting Star" in honor of Chapin for the Harry Chapin Tribute, Carnegie Hall, December 7, 1987. Benatar has made numerous television appearances, mostly as herself. She appeared with her husband Neil Giraldo in the Charmed episode "Lucky Charmed" on which "Heartbreaker" was used and in an episode of Dharma & Greg as herself singing "We've Only Just Begun" at an impromptu wedding in an airport.In 2001, she also appeared as fictional rock star Anna Raines in the CBS television drama Family Law with Dixie Carter and Christopher McDonald. Benatar also appeared on That 80's Show as herself. Benatar appeared as a special guest at the sixth annual VH1 Divas concert, VH1 Divas Duets, performing "Heartbreaker" with Giraldo and headliner Lisa Marie Presley, with the married couple interviewed by Sharon Osbourne following the performance. In 2006, Benatar and her music were featured on CMT Crossroads, in an episode that paired her with country singer Martina McBride. Benatar and Giraldo performed in the Tiny Desk Concerts series of NPR Music on November 14, 2014. At the Tiny Desk, Benatar and Giraldo ran through three of their classic songs: "We Live For Love," "We Belong" and "Promises In The Dark". Her version of the song "We Belong" was featured in the 2006 comedy film Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby, starring Will Ferrell and directed by Adam McKay.Advertising
In 2006, the song "We Belong" was part of a $20 million ad campaign for Sheraton Hotels and Resorts, although the version used in the commercial was not Benatar's. In 2013, Benatar contributed an original song "Passion" for a Jello Fruit commercial. In 2019, "Hit Me With Your Best Shot" was used in a Chili's commercial, promoting their new fajitas, and "We Belong" was used in a Pepsi commercial. Awards and nominations

Discography

 In the Heat of the Night (1979)
 Crimes of Passion (1980)
 Precious Time (1981)
 Get Nervous (1982)
 Tropico (1984)
 Seven the Hard Way (1985)
 Wide Awake in Dreamland (1988)
 True Love (1991)
 Gravity's Rainbow (1993)
 Innamorata (1997)
 Go (2003)

References

Further reading
 Benatar, <mask> and Cox, <mask>si (2010). Between a Heart and a Rock Place. Harper Collins. .
 Fissinger, Laura (1983). <mask>r.Rock'n PopStars. Mankato, Minn.: Creative Education. .  .
 Magee, Doug (1985). <mask>r. Proteus. . External links

1953 births
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
American actresses
American women rock singers
American women singer-songwriters
American feminists
American hard rock musicians
American mezzo-sopranos
American people of English descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Polish descent
Chrysalis Records artists
Feminist musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Music of Richmond, Virginia
Musicians from Brooklyn
People from Greenpoint, Brooklyn
People from Lindenhurst, New York
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Stony Brook University

masks:
Pat Benatar
Pat Benata
Dennis Benatar
Pat Benata
Pat Benata
Pat Benatar
Pat Benata
Pat
Pat
Pat Benata
Pat Benata