title: John Buttigieg (footballer)

texts:
<mask> (born 5 October 1963) is a Maltese football manager and former player. His last managerial role was being head coach of Floriana. As a player, he played as a defender and is best remembered for his eight-year spells in the Maltese Premier League with Sliema Wanderers and Floriana. He also played in England for Brentford and Swindon Town and won 97 caps for the Malta national team. After retiring as a player, he managed Birkirkara, Malta, Sliema Wanderers and Floriana. Playing career

Sliema Wanderers
A sweeper, Buttigieg began his career at hometown Maltese Premier League club Sliema Wanderers at age 16. He established himself in the team during the 1981–82 season, missing just two league games as the club finished runners-up to Hibernians in the league and the Maltese FA Trophy.The Blues were relegated in the following season, but reclaimed their place in the Premier League by finishing as 1983–84 First Division champions. Buttigieg's best season came in 1987–88, when his performances earned him the Maltese Premier League Player of the Year award. The Blues would go on to win the league the title the following season, but Buttigieg managed just one appearance before departing the club in November 1988. He made 75 league appearances and scored six goals during eight years with Sliema. He also tasted European football with the club, appearing in the Cup Winners' Cup in the 1982–83 and 1987–88 seasons. Brentford
Buttigieg played for English Third Division club Brentford in a pre-season friendly tournament prior to the start of the beginning of the 1988–89 season, after being spotted by manager Steve Perryman's former colleague Peter Shreeves while playing in Northern Ireland for Malta. He eventually signed for the Bees on 2 November 1988 for a £40,000 fee.Buttigieg was brought in to play his natural sweeper role, but the Brentford defenders had trouble adapting to the system, which led Perryman to revert to using a normal defensive line and reducing Buttigieg to making cameo appearances in various positions off the bench. He made 19 appearances in what remained of the 1988–89 season and was a part of the Bees' run to the quarter-finals of the FA Cup, where they were knocked out by Liverpool. Buttigieg began the 1989–90 season in an unfamiliar right back role and gradually fell out of the first team picture. The departure of Perryman as manager and his replacement Phil Holder's tactical change to a long ball game saw Buttigieg further frozen out and after being transfer-listed in November 1990, he was released in May 1991. Buttigieg made 47 appearances during his time at Griffin Park and the 20 caps he won for Malta during that period make him Brentford's most capped international player. Swindon Town (loan)
Buttigieg moved on a one-month loan to Second Division club Swindon Town in September 1990, to cover for injuries. He made four appearances before his loan expired and the Robins were unwilling to make the move permanent.Floriana
After a transfer dispute with former club Sliema Wanderers saw Buttigieg designated a free agent, he returned to the Maltese Premier League to sign for Floriana in 1991. He was named captain and won the double in the 1992–93 season and a cup treble in 1993–94. In the 1993–94 season, Buttigieg was part of the Floriana team which was the first (and as of 2014, only) Maltese club to qualify for the first round proper of the Champions League. Buttigieg scored both goals in a 2–0 win over Lithuanian champions Ekranas in the qualifying round, which set the Greens up with a two-legged tie against Portuguese club Porto in the first round. Floriana went out 2–0 on aggregate, but salvaged some pride with a 0–0 draw at the Ta' Qali Stadium in the second leg. He also represented Floriana in the Intertoto Cup and the qualifying rounds of the Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup. By the time he departed Floriana in 1999, Buttigieg had made 155 league appearances and scored eight goals for the club.He held talks over the club's vacant manager's job in October 2009, but the position went to Stephen Azzopardi. Valletta
Buttigieg saw out his career with a three-season spell with Maltese Premier League club Valletta, making over 60 appearances and winning an unprecedented sextuple with the club during the 2000–01 season. He experienced European football once again, progressing past Welsh champions Barry Town in the 1999–00 Champions League first qualifying round, before bowing out to Austrian runners-up Rapid Vienna in the second qualifying round. A runners-up finish in the Maltese Premier League in the 1999–00 season saw Valletta qualify for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup qualifying round, but they were knocked out by Croatian club Rijeka 8–6 on aggregate. Buttigieg retired from football at the end of the 2001–02 season, after failing to be offered a new contract. International career
Buttigieg made his international debut in an unsanctioned match between Malta 'A' and an Italian amateur XI in February 1980, making a second appearance, again against the Italian amateurs in November 1981. Buttigieg made his debut for the Malta U18 team in February 1981 and won four caps for the team during an unsuccessful qualification campaign for the 1982 European U18 Championship.Buttigieg made his senior international debut on 23 May 1984, in a 1986 FIFA World Cup qualifier away to Sweden, which resulted in a 4–0 defeat. Despite failing to qualify for any major tournaments, Buttigieg won the 1992 Rothmans International Tournament with the team in 1992 and was a part of the squad which finished third in the Coupe 7 Novembre in Tunisia the following year. He scored his only international goal with the opener in a 3–0 victory over Azerbaijan in the 2000 Rothmans Tournament. His 97th and final cap came in a 2–1 friendly defeat to England at the Ta' Qali Stadium on 3 June 2000. In an interview in May 2001, Buttigieg revealed he felt he "wasn't treated well" by the Malta Football Association as he was denied a chance to reach 100 caps, despite three additional friendlies being scheduled to take place after the England game. International goals

Management and coaching career

Busu Football School
After his retirement from football, Buttigieg coached at the Busu Football School, run by former Malta international teammate Carmel Busuttil. Birkirkara
In March 2007, Buttigieg joined Maltese Premier League club Birkirkara as manager.He had a successful first season, turning the club's fortunes around and winning the 2007–08 Maltese FA Trophy. In June 2008, Buttigieg was awarded a UEFA pro-coaching license at the renowned Coverciano school in Italy. Buttigieg's Stripes opened the 2008–09 season by winning the Löwenbräu Cup, but suffered defeat to Valletta in the Maltese Super Cup. After finishing third in the Championship Pool, Buttigieg stepped down from his role in July 2009. Malta
In July 2009, Buttigieg was appointed as manager of the Malta national team. He replaced Dušan Fitzel, who was forced to step down five months before the end of his contract due to health problems. Buttigieg was joined by assistant manager Carmel Busuttil and both signed a five-year contract with the Malta Football Association.Buttigieg had a good start in the role, beating Georgia 2–0 in a friendly on 12 August. The final two games of Malta's 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign resulted in defeats to Sweden and Portugal and the team finished bottom of its group. After losing 15 of his first 17 games, Buttigieg secured his second win in international management with a 2–1 friendly victory over the Central African Republic on 10 August 2011. Malta's Euro 2012 qualifying campaign was a disaster, with 9 defeats and a draw (which came against Georgia) and finishing bottom of their group. Buttigieg and Busuttil were removed from their posts on 25 October 2011, having recorded just two victories from 21 games. Return to Birkirkara
Together with Carmel Busuttil, Buttigieg returned to Birkirkara to take charge of the Maltese Premier League club's academy in December 2011. Floriana
<mask> returned to former club Floriana in July 2014 to take over the role of technical director of the club's academy.Sliema Wanderers
In June 2016, Buttigieg returned to Sliema Wanderers to take over the job as manager. His tenure got off to a start, with victory in the 2016 Summer Cup. A mid-table 2016–17 season also featured defeats in the 2016 Maltese Super Cup and the 2017 Maltese FA Trophy Final. A failure to win any further silverware and a second-successive mid-table finish at the end of the 2017–18 season led to Buttigieg's departure by mutual consent in January 2019. Third spell at Birkirkara
In April 2019, Buttigieg took over as manager Birkirkara, for the second time, on a two-year contract. He resigned from the position in September 2019. Return to Floriana
In December 2020, Buttgieg returned to Floriana and signed a contract to become head coach.After six weeks in charge of the Greens, he resigned from the position in February 2021. Personal life
Buttigieg's father Robbie was also a footballer. Honours

Player
Sliema Wanderers
 Independence Cup: 1981–82
 Euro Cup: 1982

Malta
 Rothmans International Tournament: 1992
 Coupe 7 Novembre: 1993 (Third Place)

Manager
Sliema Wanderers

 Summer Cup: 2016

Individual
 Maltese Premier League Player of the Year: 1987–88
 Floriana Player of the Year: 1994–95

Club career statistics

Managerial career statistics

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Maltese footballers
Sliema Wanderers F.C. players
Floriana F.C. players
Valletta F.C. players
English Football League players
Brentford F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C.players
Malta international footballers
Maltese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Maltese football managers
Malta national football team managers
People from Sliema
Birkirkara F.C. managers
Birkirkara F.C. players
Maltese Premier League players
Maltese Premier League managers
Maltese expatriate sportspeople in England
Association football sweepers
Association football fullbacks
Sliema Wanderers F.C. managers

masks:
John Buttig
Buttigieg


title: Christian William Miller

type: original

texts:
<mask> (August 7, 1921 – July 5, 1995) was an American artist and model who contemporaries qualified as "one of the most beautiful men" in the gay social scene of New York City in the 1940s. Early life and education
<mask> (in 1951 legally changed to <mask>) was born in South Orange, New Jersey, on August 7, 1921. From 1938 to 1941 <mask> attended the Franklin School of Professional Arts in New York City, obtaining an advertising design major. After his military career <mask> attended The New School for Social Research, from 1947 to 1949, in New York City. In 1949 he enrolled at Dartmouth College, taking up liberal art studies. Also in 1949, <mask> was awarded a Fulbright scholarship; an American scholarship program of competitive, merit-based grants. The scholarship lasted till 1951.Career
From 1939 to 1941, while still a student at the School of Professional Arts, <mask> worked as a designer for Datzenbach & Warren, Brunschwig & Fils, and the oldest luxury department store in the United States, Lord & Taylor. He designed fabrics, wallpaper, stage sets for summer theatres as well as freelance advertising and arranging window displays. <mask> enlisted in June 1942 in the United States Coast Guard and trained with the USS Berkshire County (LST-288). He was stationed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, serving until 1946. While following the SKAT Insect Repellent project (a malaria control project) in 1942 in Perth, Western Australia, <mask> was assigned to a research project with Richard Delano, a cousin of Franklin D. Roosevelt, promoted by the Air-Sea Agency, to design a pocket-sized balloon-like water desalination device to be used by Navy and Army fliers, named Sunstill. Franklin D. Roosevelt displayed a model of Sunstill on his desk and Winston Churchill had one with him in his briefcase. The first Model A was in production in the summer of 1943.While enlisted, <mask> worked in a plastic laboratory, where he developed several plastic products:
 a lightweight plastic hat-sunshade developed for the Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)
 a kayak-type plastic inflated boat, weighing only a few pounds and folding into a small suitcase
 an inflatable plastic chair, both comfortable and sturdy, which collapsed to the size of a briefcase, designed for travellers; it is now in the permanent collection at the Department of Architecture and Design, Museum of Modern Art. In 1944 The Times defined it "a chair whose fish-net seat (draped over a pneumatic, plastic doughnut) was surrealistically adapted to the most unsurrealistic sitter". All these objects were exhibited at MoMA from May 24 to October 22, 1944 for its 15th-anniversary show, "Art in Progress". The chair was again exhibited at the MoMa from May 6, 2009 to January 10, 2011, in the show "What Was Good Design? MoMA's Message 1944–56". Also a photographer, <mask> documented his travels around the world and social life. Gay social scene
<mask> was a model, acquaintance and/or companion of many luminaries of the gay social scene of New York City in the 1940s: W. H. Auden, Paul Cadmus, Jean Cocteau, Noël Coward, George Cukor, Jean Genet, George Gallowhur, George Hoyningen-Huene, Christopher Isherwood, Alfred Kinsey (of whom he was a lover), Lincoln Kirstein, Dorothy Parker, Bernard Perlin ("<mask> was ga-ga-gorgeous"), George Platt Lynes (of whom he was a lover), Ralph Pomeroy ("Bill would go to a gallery and all the women and all the men would faint!"), W. Somerset Maugham, Jonathan Tichenor, Tom Tryon, Gore Vidal, Sam Wagstaff, Glenway Wescott and Monroe Wheeler (of whom he was a lover), Philip Wheelwright. At one time, <mask> was in a relationship with Otis Bigelow. Before meeting <mask>, Bigelow was in a relationship with a businessman, George Gallowhur, president of Skol Company; Bigelow left Gallowhur but he had to go back to college, at the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps program at Hamilton: while Bigelow was there, <mask> started a relationship with Gallowhur. <mask>'s chair and Sunstill were manufactured by Gallowhur Chemical Corp.

A group of three portraits of <mask> by George Platt Lynes made from 1942 to 1946 went on sale at Sotheby's in 1982. In 1945 <mask> and Platt Lynes, at the time lovers, went together to a masquerade ball hosted in Weston by Alice DeLamar; their costumes resemble the Commedia dell'Arte and Platt Lynes subsequently took a series of photographs of the two of them dressed in those costumes. In 1945 Paul Cadmus took a pencil and watercolor on grey paper of <mask>, signed and inscribed "<mask> — Cadmus 1945," which in 1968 was in possession of <mask>. At the end of the 1940s, <mask> <mask>, together with Charles "Chuck" Howard (another model who would later become a fashion designer), participated in the "on the field" research of Alfred Kinsey.They went to Bloomington and performed together for Kinsey. <mask>'s purpose was to "achieve greater social tolerance of homosexuality" (Wilf). Later <mask> had a brief relationship with Kinsey. In 1952 <mask> appeared in a photo shoot for Life. At a party hosted by John B. L. Goodwin in 1955, <mask> is listed by Christopher Isherwood among other guests, including Paul Cadmus, <mask> and Frank Merlo. Personal life and death
With the savings from his military career, <mask> bought a house in Reading, Vermont, that he restored and redecorated. Later in life he owned a cottage at Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.<mask> died on July 5, 1995. References

External links
 <mask> (Bill) <mask>: A Bright Young Thing of the 40s, featuring photos of <mask> from the OAC Archive
 <mask> (Bill) <mask>: (some more...), featuring photos of <mask> from the Glenway Wescott papers at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscripts Library at Yale
 <mask> William <mask> Papers at OAC: Photographs

1921 births
1995 deaths
American industrial designers
American socialites
Dartmouth College alumni
Gay artists
LGBT artists from the United States
LGBT people from New Jersey
Military personnel from Newark, New Jersey
People from South Orange, New Jersey
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Christian William Miller
William Henry Miller
Christian William Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Tennessee Williams
Bill Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Christian
Miller


title: Howard Hendrick

texts:
<mask> (born December 22, 1954) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. <mask> was serving as the Oklahoma Secretary of Human Services, having been appointed by Democratic Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2003. <mask> had previously served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Health and Human Services under former Republican Governor Frank Keating until that post was split into two positions under Henry. Concurrent with his service as Secretary, <mask> has served as the Director of Oklahoma Department of Human Services since July 1, 1998. <mask> also is a former Oklahoma State Senator, having served from 1987 until 1998. <mask> is one of three Cabinet Secretaries appointed by former Governor Frank Keating to be held over by Governor Brad Henry, the others being: Human Resources Secretary Oscar B. Jackson Jr. and Veterans Affairs Secretary Norman Lamb. Education and early career
<mask> was born in 1954 and raised in Bethany, Oklahoma.He graduated summa cum laude from Southern Nazarene University earning his undergraduate degree in accounting. During his years at Southern Nazarene, he was active in Circle K International, the collegiate affiliate of Kiwanis International, holding numerous elective offices, including international president. Three years after graduating from SNU, <mask> passed the Certified Public Accountant's examination and earned both a Master of Business Administration and a law degree from the University of Oklahoma. Upon graduation from law school, he was elected to Order of the Coif in recognition of his legal scholarship for graduating in the top 10 percent of his law school class. He practiced business, real estate and tax law for 17 years. Oklahoma Senate
<mask> was elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 1987, representing parts of northwest Oklahoma City, Bethany, Oklahoma, Yukon, Oklahoma and Warr Acres, Oklahoma. He would serve in the Senate until 1998.During his tenure, he amassed a career roll-call voting record in excess of 99 percent. He served two years as the Republican Floor Leader in the State Senate. For many years, he served as the Senate's representative to the Oklahoma State Pension Commission and the legislative representative to SoonerStart, the Interagency Coordinating Council for Early Childhood Interventions. Hendrick has also served on several national committees for legislative organizations, primarily sharing state solutions to America's health care and welfare problems. Career at DHS and 2012 Resignation
<mask> was appointed Director of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services by the State Commission on Human Services on July 1, 1998. With offices in all 77 counties of Oklahoma, Hendrick leads a staff of nearly 7,300 employees and administers a $2.1 billion budget. Hundreds of thousands of Oklahomans are affected daily by more than 40 state and federal human services programs administered by his Department.<mask> and other DHS Commissioners were publicly criticized following several high-profile child deaths from abuse and neglect. In 2008, Children's Rights, along with Oklahoma law firms Fredric Dowart Lawyers, Seymour & Graham LLP, Day, Edwards, Propester & Christensen PC, and international firm Kaye Scholer, filed a lawsuit against <mask>, other commissioners of the Department of Human Services, and the Governor of Oklahoma. The suit was filed on behalf of the nine named plaintiffs and more than 10,000 children in Oklahoma who had been removed from their homes by the state. The Complaint alleged violations of the constitutional rights of the children in the state's care by routinely placing them in unsafe, unsupervised and unstable living situations, where they were frequently subjected to further maltreatment. The parties settled the case in 2012 with an agreement for independent oversight of the Department. Secretary under Governors Keating and Henry
Following the resignation of Jerry Regier to run for Governor of Oklahoma in 2002, <mask> was appointed by Governor Frank Keating, and fellow Republican, as his Secretary of Health and Human Services. When Democrat Brad Henry was elected, <mask> was asked to stay on during his administration.When Henry took office, he issued an executive order that split the position of Secretary of Health and Human Services into two different posts: the Secretary of Health and the Secretary of Human Services. <mask> was appointed by Henry to fill the latter. From 2003–2011 as Secretary for Human Services, <mask> was responsible for overseeing the Oklahoma Department of Human Services, the Oklahoma Department of Rehabilitation Services, and the Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs. He also continued to serve concurrently as the Director of Human Services. Personal life
His most important commitments are to his family. He and his wife, Tracy, have been married for 34 years. They have four children: Chelsey; Cally; Christiana; and Hudson.His nights and weekends are stuffed with baseball, basketball, soccer, musicals and homework and hanging out with his 6 grandchildren. He is active in numerous, local and national, civic, professional and church organizations. He is a member of the Oklahoma Bar Association. He serves on the Executive Committee for the National Council of State Human Services Administrators. He serves on the boards of the National Children's Alliance, Nazarene Theological Seminary and the American Public Human Services Association. Locally, he served as chairman of the state employees State Charitable Campaign for seven years and serves on the United Way of Greater Oklahoma City Advisory Board of Trustees. He has served on the church board at Bethany First Church of the Nazarene for many years.The Oklahoma Institute of Child Advocacy named him to the Child Advocates Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2004, he was one of four Americans to receive the National Public Service Award for leadership in public administration from the American Society of Public Administration and National Academy of Public Administration. References

External links
Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry's Cabinet
Oklahoma Department of Human Services official biography

Living people
People from Bethany, Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
Oklahoma lawyers
State cabinet secretaries of Oklahoma
Southern Nazarene University alumni
American members of the Church of the Nazarene
Heads of Oklahoma state agencies
Oklahoma Republicans
1954 births

masks:
Howard Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick
Hendrick


title: Peter II, Bishop of Győr

texts:
<mask> (; died 1218) was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who served as Bishop of Győr from 1205 to 1218. Prior to that, he was chancellor in the royal court of Emeric, King of Hungary between 1202 and 1204. He participated in the Fifth Crusade, where he was killed in fights against the Ayyubid Sultanate. Some historians identify him with the chronicler Anonymus, author of the Gesta Hungarorum. Early life
<mask> (also Pescha and Pechse) was born in the mid-1170s, as he was about the same age as King Andrew II, according to his royal charter from 1217. They were brought up together in the royal court of Andrew's father, Béla III. The aforementioned name variants confirm his Hungarian origin.The reconstruction of <mask>'s early life is uncertain and contested, mainly depending on the existing parallel scholarly standpoints that he can be identified with the chronicler Anonymus or not. In 1966, literary journal Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények published the papers of János Horváth, Jr. and Károly Sólyom, who first claimed Anonymus was identical with <mask>, Bishop of Győr, independently from each other. Subsequently, other historians, including György Györffy and Gyula Kristó refused their theory and there is no unanimously recognized scientific position. For instance, the interpretation of the "P dictus magister" text in the opening sentence of the Gesta Hungarorum is unclear. The text may refer to a man whose monogram was P – as most of the historians share this view and tried to find contemporary church people with "P" initial – or it may be an abbreviation of the Latin word for "aforementioned" (praedictus) in reference to a name on the title page which is now missing. Philologist János Horváth, who claimed <mask> was identical with Anonymus, considered his baptismal name was <mask> and identified him with a certain bishop Torda (Turda) – his pagan name, son of dux Velek, who was referred by Andrew II in 1225. In this theory, <mask>'s mother was a Greek woman, possibly a maid of honor of Béla's first wife Agnes of Antioch and he also had a sister Anne, who married Bors, son of Dominic Miskolc and Margaret, spouse of an unidentified Ban Stephen.Accordingly, <mask> came from the lineage of chieftain Velek, who had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and is a recurring character in the Gesta Hungariorum. As Anonymus had a detailed knowledge of the lands along the upper courses of the river Tisza, especially the bishopric lands of the Diocese of Eger, historian Károly Sólyom, who also identified Anonymus with Bishop <mask>, claimed that Duke Andrew and <mask> spent their youth in the episcopal manor of <mask>, Bishop of Eger in the 1180s. During that time, the younger prince Andrew was raised as a potential pretender to the neighboring Principality of Halych. Regardless his identification with Anonymus, Sólyom considered Bishop <mask> himself also originated from the borderlands of Zaránd County, based on his other name variants in the contemporary documents. He also claimed the town of Pecica (Pécska), present-day in Romania, is named after him. <mask> attended a French universitas (presumably at the Abbey of Saint Genevieve or the University of Paris) from 1190 to 1194, where obtained a doctorate of canon law. He bore the title of magister, demonstrating his literacy and scientific proficiency.According to Károly Sólyom, <mask> studied together with his friend the "literate" Nicholas Csák (brother or nephew of Bishop Ugrin Csák). Accordingly, later Anonymus dedicated his work to "the most venerable man N", i.e. Nicholas. <mask> read Dares Phrygius's Trojan History, if the Anonymus identification is correct. Returning to Hungary, <mask> functioned as a notary in the chancellery of Béla III between 1194 and 1196, as both János Horváth and Károly Sólyom argued (Anonymus wrote in the opening sentence of his work that he was "Bele regis notarius" – "Notary of King Béla"). According to Sólyom's interpretation, the young <mask> wrote the Gesta Hungarorum thereafter, from 1196 to 1198, after the death of Béla III (while the majority of historians consider Anonymus was in advanced age, when the text was completed in the early 13th century), but before his election as provost of Székesfehérvár (as Anonymus styled himself only magister in his work). As Anonymus knew and used the Aragonese chronicles as a source, Sólyom assumed that the young courtly cleric <mask> was a member of that Hungarian diplomatic mission, which escorted Constance of Aragon to Hungary in order to become the wife of Emeric, King of Hungary around 1197 or 1198.<mask> already served as provost of Székesfehérvár, when he was made chancellor in the royal court in 1202. This high confidence function showed that, despite his juvenile ties to Andrew, he was a confidant of King Emeric too, whose whole reign was characterized by the struggles for the Hungarian throne with his younger brother. <mask> retained his office until the death of Emeric in 1204. It is possible he is identical with that magister <mask>, who made a diplomatic visit to Rome in November 1204, according to the letter of Pope Innocent III. If <mask> is not identical with Anonymus, only the following data are certain about his early life: he was born in the 1170s and spent his childhood in Duke Andrew's surroundings. Contemporary records preserved other name variants of his name: Pescha, Pechse and Pethse. He served as provost of Székesfehérvár and royal chancellor from 1202 to 1204, before becoming Bishop of Győr until his death.Bishop of Győr
At the turn of 1204 and 1205, following the translation of Ugrin Csák to the Archdiocese of Esztergom, <mask> was elected Bishop of Győr. He was a faithful confidant of Duke Andrew, who administered the kingdom on behalf of his minor nephew, Ladislaus III. According to the Annales Admontenses, when the young Ladislaus died in exile at Vienna in May 1205, the Bishop of Győr – most likely <mask> – carried his body, the Holy Crown and the royal insignia to Székesfehérvár. Ladislaus was buried in the Székesfehérvár Basilica. It is plausible that <mask> was also present at the coronation of Andrew II on 29 May. In contemporary domestic documents and charters, <mask> first appears as suffragan on 1 August 1205, when he was still styled as bishop-elect. During his bishopric, <mask> supported the efforts of Andrew II, who introduced a new policy for royal grants, which he called "new institutions" in one of his charters.In the upcoming decade, <mask> involved in various ecclesiastical disputes and lawsuit as an papal trustee and arbitrator due to his high degree of literacy, in addition to his proficiency in canon law. He supported the election of John, Archbishop of Esztergom during a legal controversy with Pope Innocent. When King Andrew made his brother-in-law, Berthold, Pope Innocent refused the confirm his nomination, because he was under the specified age. Archbishop John confronted with the influential Berthold in numerous occasions. Queen Gertrude's brother was tacitly supported by King Andrew II in his efforts. Upon John's request, Pope Innocent confirmed his dignity's right of the coronation of the Hungarian monarch in 1209. However Berthold used his family relationships and influence in the royal court to put John under pressure.Amidst these circumstances, John was inclined to reach agreement in 1211: the two archbishops entrusted Robert, Bishop of Veszprém and <mask>, Bishop of Győr to prepare a convention draft and submit to the Roman Curia. The proposal contained that the right of coronation should belong to the role of archbishop Esztergom, except in case of deliberate rejection, obstacle, deteriorated health condition or sede vacante, when the process must be performed by the archbishop of Kalocsa. The so-called "second coronations" (during festive events) must be celebrated jointly. The theses of the document was promoted by Andrew II himself too. However Pope Innocent refused to countersign the document on 12 February 1212, referring to its "harmful consequences" for the Kingdom of Hungary. Upon the request of Andrew II, <mask> and Robert escorted the unpopular and endangered Berthold until the Austrian border in 1214, protected by the episcopal armies of Győr and Veszprém. According to János Horváth, <mask> wrote his gesta sometimes between 1215 and 1217, and also reflected the assassination of Queen Gertrude occurred in 1213.Andrew II, who had pledged to lead a crusade to the Holy Land, petitioned Pope Innocent in 1214 to lift bishops <mask> and Kalán Bár-Kalán from being obligated to attend the Fourth Council of the Lateran in the next year, because they were planning to participate in the campaign. However Andrew had again postponed the crusade. Instead, Bishop <mask> visited Constantinople and negotiated with Henry of Flanders in mid-1215 over the proposed marriage between Andrew II and Yolanda, the daughter of the Emperor's brother-in-law, <mask> of Courtenay. After the conclusion of the agreement, <mask> brought the queen to Hungary across the Balkans. Andrew and Yolanda were married still in that year. In July 1216, the newly elected Pope Honorius III once again called upon Andrew to fulfill his father's vow to lead a crusade. Amid the preparations for war, <mask> procured Andrew II to confirm all possessions and privileges of his diocese's collegiate chapter of Vasvár.According to a royal charter from 1224, he was also granted the village of Szovát in Győr County (present-day Bágyogszovát). In May 1217, Andrew's army began its journey to the Holy Land with the participation of Thomas, Bishop-elect of Eger and <mask> of Győr. In July, they departed from Zagreb and embarked in Split two months later. The ships transported them to Acre, where they landed in October. Andrew and his army participated in the fruitless clashes at the Mount Tabor against the Ayyubids. When Andrew decided to return home at the very beginning of 1218, Thomas and <mask> remained in Syria. <mask> died there sometime in 1217 or 1218.According to István Erőss, he was killed in the skirmishes at the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis narrated that two unnamed Hungarian bishops were perished during the Siege of Damietta. Historian Gyula Pauler identified them with <mask> of Győr and Simon of Várad. References

Sources

1170s births
1218 deaths
12th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hungary
Bishops of Győr
Christians of the Fifth Crusade

masks:
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter II
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter


title: Henry Burton (theologian)

texts:
<mask> (1578–1648), was an English puritan. Along with John Bastwick and William Prynne, <mask>'s ears were cut off in 1637 for writing pamphlets attacking the views of Archbishop Laud. Early life
He was born at Birstall, West Yorkshire, a small parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the latter part of 1578 as may be inferred from his writings. His father, <mask>, was married to Maryanne Homle [Humble] on 24 June 1577. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1602. His favourite preachers were Laurence Chaderton and William Perkins.On leaving the university he became tutor to two sons of Sir Robert Carey. Under James I

Through the Carey interest, <mask> obtained the post of clerk of the closet to <mask>, Prince of Wales; while acting in this capacity he composed a treatise on Antichrist, the manuscript of which was placed by the prince in his library at St. James's. He complains that Richard Neile, who was clerk of the closet to King James, opposed his advancement; however, on Prince <mask>'s death (6 November 1612) <mask> was appointed clerk of the closet to Prince Charles. On 14 July 1612 he had been incorporated M.A. at Oxford, and was again incorporated on 15 July 1617. He tells us that at the age of thirty he resolved to enter the ministry. Thomas Fuller says that he was to have attended Prince Charles to Spain (17 February 1623) for the Spanish Match, and that for some unknown reason the appointment was countermanded.<mask> does not mention this, but says that he could not get a license for a book which he wrote in 1623 against the Converted Jew by John Percy alias Fisher the Jesuit, to refute Arminianism and prove the Pope to be Antichrist. He had, in fact, thrust himself into a discussion then going on between Fisher and George Walker, minister of St. John's, Watling Street. Under Charles I

On the accession of Charles, <mask> took it as a matter of course that he would become clerk of the royal closet, but Neile was continued in that office. <mask> lost the appointment through an indiscretion. On 23 April 1625, before James had been dead a month, <mask> presented a letter to Charles, inveighing against the popish tendencies of Neile and William Laud (who in Neile's illness was acting as clerk of the closet). Charles read the letter partly through, and told <mask> 'not to attend more in his office till he should send for him.' He was not sent for, and did not reappear at court.He deplored the death of James, for the influence he saw the late king had had in regarding the nascent high-church movement. He was almost immediately presented to the rectory of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, and used his city pulpit to campaign aggressively against episcopal practices. He began to deviate from the set ceremonies, and was cited before the Court of high commission in 1626, but the proceedings were stopped. Bishop after bishop became the subject of his attack. For a publication which bore a frontispiece representing Charles in the act of assailing the pope's triple crown, he was summoned, in 1627, before the privy council, but again got off, in spite of Laud. His Babel no Bethel (1629) in reply to the Maschil of Robert Butterfield, earned him a temporary suspension from his benefice, and a spell in the Fleet Prison. More serious troubles were to come.On 5 November 1636 he preached two sermons in his own church on Proverbs xxiv. 21, 22, in which he charged the bishops with innovations amounting to a popish plot. His pulpit style was perhaps effective, but certainly not refined; he calls the bishops caterpillars instead of pillars, and 'antichristian mushrumps.' Next month he was summoned before Arthur Duck, a commissioner for causes ecclesiastical, to answer on oath to articles charging him with sedition. He refused the oath, and appealed to the king. Fifteen days afterwards he was cited before a special high commission at Doctors' Commons, did not appear, and was in his absence suspended and ordered to be apprehended. He shut himself up in his house, and published his sermons, with the title, For God and the King (1636).On 1 February 1637 his doors were forced, his study ransacked, and he was taken into custody and sent next day to the Fleet. Peter Heylyn wrote a Briefe Answer to <mask>'s sermons. Star Chamber conviction

In prison <mask> was soon joined by William Prynne and John Bastwick, a parishioner who had also written books against the Church hierarchy, and the three were proceeded against in the Star-chamber (11 March) and included in a common indictment. An attempt was made on 6 June to get the judges to treat the publications of Bastwick and <mask> (who had added to his offence by publishing, from his prison, An Apology for an Appeale, 1636 consisting of epistles to the king, the judges, and the nobility) as presenting a primâ facie case of treason, but this fell through. The defendants prepared answers to the indictment, but it was necessary that these should be signed by two counsel. <mask> was the only one who got at length the signature of a counsel, one Holt, an aged bencher of Gray's Inn, and Holt drew back, until the court agreed to accept his single signature. <mask>'s answer lay in court about three weeks, when on 19 May the attorney-general, Sir John Bankes, denouncing it as scandalous, referred it to the chief justices, Sir John Bramston and Sir John Finch.They made short work of it, striking out sixty-four sheets, and leaving no more than six lines at the beginning and twenty-four at the end. Thus mutilated, <mask> would not own it; he was not allowed to frame a new answer, and on 2 June it was ordered that he, like the rest, should be proceeded against pro confesso. Sentence was passed on 14 June, the defendants crying out for justice, and demanding that they should not be condemned without examination of their answers. <mask>, when interrogated as to his plea by the lord keeper Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, maintained that 'a minister hath a larger liberty than always to go in a mild strain'. His defence was stopped. He was condemned to be deprived of his benefice, to be degraded from the ministry and from his academical degrees, to be fined £5,000, to be set in the pillory at Westminster and his ears to be cut off, and to be perpetually imprisoned in Lancaster Castle, without access of his wife or any friends, or use of pen, ink, and paper. For this sentence Laud thanked the court.<mask>'s parishioners signed a petition to the king for his pardon; the two who presented it committed to prison. His ears were cropped so close, according to Thomas Fuller, that the temporal artery was cut. When his wounds were healed, and he was conveyed northward on 28 July, people lined the road at Highgate to take leave of him. His wife followed in a coach, and 500 on horseback accompanied him as far as St. Albans. At Lancaster, <mask> was confined in a large smoky room without furniture; the gaps between the planks of the floor made it dangerous to walk, and underneath was a dark room in which were kept five witches. The allowance for diet was not paid. Dr. Augustine Wildbore, vicar of Lancaster, kept a watchful eye over <mask>'s reading; Lord Clarendon says that despite precautions, papers from <mask> were circulated in London.A pamphlet giving an account of his censure in the Star-chamber was published in 1637. On 1 November he was sent to Guernsey, where he arrived on 15 December and was shut up in a cell at Castle Cornet. Here he had no books except his bibles in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and French, and an ecclesiastical history in Greek, but he managed to get pen, ink, and paper, and wrote two books, which were not printed. His wife was not allowed to see him, though his only daughter died during his imprisonment. Release and later life

On 7 November 1640 his wife presented a petition to the House of Commons for his release, and on 10 November the house ordered him to be sent to London. The order arrived at Guernsey on Sunday, 15 November and <mask> embarked on the 21st. At Dartmouth, on the 22nd, he met Prynne, and their journey to London was again a triumphal progress.They were escorted from Charing Cross to the City of London. On 30 November <mask> appeared before the House, and on 5 December presented a petition; the House on 12 March 1641 declared the proceedings against him illegal, and cast Laud and others in damages. On 24 March his sentence was reversed, and his benefice ordered to be restored; on 20 April a sum of £6,000 was voted to him; on 8 June a further order for his restoration to his benefice was made out. He recovered his degrees, and received that of B.D. in addition. The money was not paid, nor did he get his benefice, to which Robert Chestlin had been regularly presented. On 5 October 1642 his old parishioners petitioned the House that he might be appointed Sunday afternoon lecturer, and this was done.Chestlin, who resisted the appointment, was imprisoned at Colchester for a seditious sermon; he escaped to the king at Oxford. Left thus in possession at St. Matthew's, Friday Street, <mask> organised a church on the independent model. He preached before parliament, but did not approve the course which events subsequently took. He was for some time allowed to hold a catechetical lecture every Tuesday fortnight at St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, but on his introducing his independent views the churchwardens locked him out in September 1645. This led to an angry pamphlet war with Edmund Calamy, rector of the parish. During his imprisonment he suffered from kidney disease, which was probably the cause of his death. He was buried on 7 January 1648.Works

S. R. Gardiner says of <mask>'s Protestation Protested, published in July 1641, that it 'sketched out that plan of a national church, surrounded by voluntary churches, which was accepted at the revolution of 1688.' He published a Vindication of Churches commonly called Independent, 1644 (in answer to Prynne), and exercised a strict ecclesiastical discipline within his congregation. <mask>'s other main publications were:

A Censvre of Simonie, 1624. A Plea to an Appeale, 1626. The Seven Vials; or a briefe Exposition upon the 15 and 16 chapters of the Revelation, 1628. A Tryall of Private Devotion, 1628. England's Bondage and Hope of Deliverance, 1641, sermon from Psalm liii 7, 8, before the parliament on 20 June).Truth still Truth, though shut out of doors, 1645, (distinct from Truth shut out of doores, a previous pamphlet of the same year). The Grand Impostor Unmasked, or a detection of the notorious hypocrisie and desperate impiety of the late Archbishop (so styled) of Canterbury, cunningly couched in that written copy which he read on the scaffold, &c. 4to, n.d.
Conformities Deformity, 1646. Family
He and his first wife, Anne, he had two children: Anne, baptised 21 September 1621, and <mask>, baptised 13 May 1624, who married Ursula Maisters on 30 November 1647, and is described  as a merchant. His second wife, Sarah, and son, <mask>, survived him, and on 17 February 1652 petitioned the house for maintenance; the son received lands of £200 yearly value from the estates of certain delinquents, out of which his widow was to have £100 a year for life. See also
Nathaniel Holmes

Notes

References
 <mask> at Spartacus Educational

Attribution

External links

1578 births
1648 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English Caroline nonconforming clergy
English independent ministers of the Interregnum (England)
17th-century English Puritan ministers
People from Birstall, West Yorkshire
Clergy from Yorkshire
16th-century English theologians
17th-century English theologians
English male non-fiction writers

masks:
Henry Burton
Burton
William Burton
Burton
Henry Frederick
Henry
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Henry
Henry
Henry Burton


title: Julia Kristeva

texts:
<mask> (; born Yuliya Stoyanova Krasteva, ; on 24 June 1941) is a  Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, semiotician, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a professor emerita at the  University Paris Diderot. The author of more than 30 books, including  Powers of Horror, Tales of Love, Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, Proust and the Sense of Time, and the trilogy Female Genius, she has been awarded Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, the Holberg International Memorial Prize, the Hannah Arendt Prize, and the Vision 97 Foundation Prize, awarded by the Havel Foundation. Kristeva became influential in international critical analysis, cultural studies and feminism after publishing her first book, Semeiotikè, in 1969. Her sizeable body of work includes books and essays which address intertextuality, the semiotic, and abjection, in the fields of linguistics, literary theory and criticism, psychoanalysis, biography and autobiography, political and cultural analysis, art and art history. She is prominent in structuralist and poststructuralist thought. <mask> is also the founder of the Simone de Beauvoir Prize committee.Life
Born in Sliven, Bulgaria to Christian parents, Kristeva is the daughter of a church accountant. Kristeva and her sister attended a Francophone school run by Dominican nuns. Kristeva became acquainted with the work of Mikhail Bakhtin at this time in Bulgaria. Kristeva went on to study at the University of Sofia, and while a postgraduate there obtained a research fellowship that enabled her to move to France in December 1965, when she was 24. She continued her education at several French universities, studying under Lucien Goldmann and Roland Barthes, among other scholars. On August 2, 1967, Kristeva married the novelist Philippe Sollers, born Philippe Joyaux. Kristeva taught at Columbia University in the early 1970s, and remains a Visiting Professor.She has also published under the married name <mask>. Work
After joining the 'Tel Quel group' founded by Sollers, <mask>  focused on the politics of language and became an active member of the group. She trained in psychoanalysis, and earned her degree in 1979. In some ways, her work can be seen as trying to adapt a psychoanalytic approach to the poststructuralist criticism. For example, her view of the subject, and its construction, shares similarities with Sigmund Freud and Lacan. However, Kristeva rejects any understanding of the subject in a structuralist sense; instead, she favors a subject always "in process" or "on trial". In this way, she contributes to the poststructuralist critique of essentialized structures, whilst preserving the teachings of psychoanalysis.She travelled to China in the 1970s and later wrote About Chinese Women (1977). The "semiotic" and the "symbolic"
One of Kristeva's most important contributions is that signification is composed of two elements, the symbolic and the semiotic, the latter being distinct from the discipline of semiotics founded by Ferdinand de Saussure. As explained by Augustine Perumalil, Kristeva's "semiotic is closely related to the infantile pre-Oedipal referred to in the works of Freud, Otto Rank, Melanie Klein, British Object Relation psychoanalysis, and Lacan's pre-mirror stage. It is an emotional field, tied to the instincts, which dwells in the fissures and prosody of language rather than in the denotative meanings of words." Furthermore, according to Birgit Schippers, the semiotic is a realm associated with the musical, the poetic, the rhythmic, and that which lacks structure and meaning. It is closely tied to the "feminine", and represents the undifferentiated state of the pre-Mirror Stage infant. Upon entering the Mirror Stage, the child learns to distinguish between self and other, and enters the realm of shared cultural meaning, known as the symbolic.In Desire in Language (1980), <mask> describes the symbolic as the space in which the development of language allows the child to become a "speaking subject," and to develop a sense of identity separate from the mother. This process of separation is known as abjection, whereby the child must reject and move away from the mother in order to enter into the world of language, culture, meaning, and the social. This realm of language is called the symbolic and is contrasted with the semiotic in that it is associated with the masculine, the law, and structure. <mask> departs from Lacan in the idea that even after entering the symbolic, the subject continues to oscillate between the semiotic and the symbolic. Therefore, rather than arriving at a fixed identity, the subject is permanently "in process". Because female children continue to identify to some degree with the mother figure, they are especially likely to retain a close connection to the semiotic. This continued identification with the mother may result in what <mask> refers to in Black Sun (1989) as melancholia (depression), given that female children simultaneously reject and identify with the mother figure.It has also been suggested (e.g., Creed, 1993) that the degradation of women and women's bodies in popular culture (and particularly, for example, in slasher films) emerges because of the threat to identity that the mother's body poses: it is a reminder of time spent in the undifferentiated state of the semiotic, where one has no concept of self or identity. After abjecting the mother, subjects retain an unconscious fascination with the semiotic, desiring to reunite with the mother, while at the same time fearing the loss of identity that accompanies it. Slasher films thus provide a way for audience members to safely reenact the process of abjection by vicariously expelling and destroying the mother figure. Kristeva is also known for her adoption of Plato’s idea of the chora, meaning "a nourishing maternal space" (Schippers, 2011). Kristeva's idea of the chora has been interpreted in several ways: as a reference to the uterus, as a metaphor for the relationship between the mother and child, and as the temporal period preceding the Mirror Stage. In her essay Motherhood According to Giovanni Bellini from Desire in Language (1980), Kristeva refers to the chora as a "non-expressive totality formed by drives and their stases in a motility that is full of movement as it is regulated." She goes on to suggest that it is the mother's body that mediates between the chora and the symbolic realm: the mother has access to culture and meaning, yet also forms a totalizing bond with the child.Kristeva is also noted for her work on the concept of intertextuality. Anthropology and psychology
Kristeva argues that anthropology and psychology, or the connection between the social and the subject, do not represent each other, but rather follow the same logic: the survival of the group and the subject. Furthermore, in her analysis of Oedipus, she claims that the speaking subject cannot exist on his/her own, but that he/she "stands on the fragile threshold as if stranded on account of an impossible demarcation" (Powers of Horror, p. 85). In her comparison between the two disciplines, Kristeva claims that the way in which an individual excludes the abject mother as a means of forming an identity, is the same way in which societies are constructed. On a broader scale, cultures exclude the maternal and the feminine, and by this come into being. Feminism
Kristeva has been regarded as a key proponent of French feminism together with Simone de Beauvoir, Hélène Cixous, and Luce Irigaray. Kristeva has had a remarkable influence on feminism and feminist literary studies in the US and the UK, as well as on readings into contemporary art although her relation to feminist circles and movements in France has been quite controversial.<mask> made a famous disambiguation of three types of feminism in "Women's Time" in New Maladies of the Soul (1993); while rejecting the first two types, including that of Beauvoir, her stands are sometimes considered rejecting feminism altogether. Kristeva proposed the idea of multiple sexual identities against the joined code  of "unified feminine language". Denunciation of identity politics
<mask> argues her writings have been misunderstood by American feminist academics. In <mask>'s view, it was not enough simply to dissect the structure of language in order to find its hidden meaning. Language should also be viewed through the prisms of history and of individual psychic and sexual experiences. This post-structuralist approach enabled specific social groups to trace the source of their oppression to the very language they used. However, Kristeva believes that it is harmful to posit collective identity above individual identity, and that this political assertion of sexual, ethnic, and religious identities is ultimately totalitarian.Novelist
<mask> wrote a number of novels that resemble detective stories. While the books maintain narrative suspense and develop a stylized surface, her readers also encounter ideas intrinsic to her theoretical projects. Her characters reveal themselves mainly through psychological devices, making her type of fiction mostly resemble the later work of Dostoevsky. Her fictional oeuvre, which includes The Old Man and the Wolves, Murder in Byzantium, and Possessions, while often allegorical, also approaches the autobiographical in some passages, especially with one of the protagonists of Possessions, Stephanie Delacour—a French journalist—who can be seen as <mask>'s alter ego. Murder in Byzantium deals with themes from orthodox Christianity and politics; she referred to it as "a kind of anti-Da Vinci Code". Honors
For her "innovative explorations of questions on the intersection of language, culture and literature", <mask> was awarded the Holberg International Memorial Prize in 2004. She won the 2006 Hannah Arendt Prize for Political Thought.She has also been awarded Commander of the Legion of Honor, Commander of the Order of Merit, and the Vaclav Havel Prize. On October 10, 2019, she received an honoris causa doctorate from Universidade Católica Portuguesa. Scholarly reception
Roman Jakobson said that "Both readers and listeners, whether agreeing or in stubborn disagreement with <mask>va, feel indeed attracted to her contagious voice and to her genuine gift of questioning generally adopted 'axioms,' and her contrary gift of releasing various 'damned questions' from their traditional question marks." Roland Barthes comments that "<mask>va changes the place of things: she always destroys the last prejudice, the one you thought you could be reassured by, could be take [sic] pride in; what she

masks:
Julia Kristeva
Kristeva
Julia Joyaux
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Kristeva
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste


title: Julia Kristeva

texts:
 displaces is the already-said, the déja-dit, i.e., the instance of the signified, i.e., stupidity; what she subverts is authority -the authority of monologic science, of filiation." Ian Almond criticizes Kristeva's ethnocentrism. He cites Gayatri Spivak's conclusion that Kristeva's book About Chinese Women "belongs to that very eighteenth century [that] Kristeva scorns" after pinpointing "the brief, expansive, often completely ungrounded way in which she writes about  two thousand years of a culture she is unfamiliar with". Almond notes the absence of sophistication in Kristeva's remarks concerning the Muslim world and the dismissive terminology she uses to describe its culture and believers.He criticizes <mask>'s opposition which juxtaposes "Islamic societies" against "democracies where life is still fairly  pleasant" by pointing out that Kristeva displays no awareness of the complex and nuanced debate ongoing among women theorists in the Muslim world, and that she does not refer to anything other than the Rushdie fatwa in dismissing the entire Muslim faith as "reactionary and persecutory". In Impostures Intellectuelles (1997), physics professors Alan Sokal and Jean Bricmont devote a chapter to Kristeva's use of mathematics in her writings. They argue that Kristeva fails to show the relevance of the mathematical concepts she discusses to linguistics and the other fields she studies, and that no such relevance exists. Alleged collaboration with the Communist Regime in Bulgaria
In 2018, Bulgaria's state Dossier Commission announced that Kristeva had been an agent for the Committee for State Security  under the code name "Sabina". She was supposedly recruited in June 1971. Five years earlier she left Bulgaria to study in France. Under the People's Republic of Bulgaria, any Bulgarian who wanted to travel abroad had to apply for an exit visa and get an approval from the Ministry of Interior.The process was long and difficult because anyone who made it to the west could declare political asylum. Kristeva has called the allegations "grotesque and false". On 30 March, the state Dossier Commission began publishing online the entire set of documents reflecting Kristeva's activity as an informant of the former Committee for State Security. She vigorously denies the charges. Neal Ascherson wrote:  "...the recent fuss about <mask>va boils down to nothing much, although it has suited some to inflate it into a fearful scandal... But the reality shown in her files is trivial. After settling in Paris in 1965, she was cornered by Bulgarian spooks who pointed out to her that she still had a vulnerable family in the home country.So she agreed to regular meetings over many years, in the course of which she seems to have told her handlers nothing more than gossip about Aragon, Bataille & Co. from the Left Bank cafés – stuff they could have read in Le Canard enchaîné... the combined intelligence value of its product and her reports was almost zero. The Bulgarian security men seem to have known they were being played. But never mind: they could impress their boss by showing him a real international celeb on their books..."

Selected writings

Linguistic and literature
Séméiôtiké: recherches pour une sémanalyse, Paris, Seuil, 1969 (trans. in Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art, New York, Columbia University Press, Blackwell, London, 1980)
Le langage, cet inconnu: Une initiation à la linguistique, S.G.P.P., 1969; new ed., coll. Points, Seuil, 1981 (trans. in 1981 as Language. The Unknown: an Initiation into Linguistics, Columbia University Press, Harvester Wheatsheaf, London, 1989)
La révolution du langage poétique: L'avant-garde à la fin du 19e siècle: Lautréamont et Mallarmé, Seuil, Paris, 1974 (abridged trans.containing only the first third of the original French edition, Revolution in Poetic Language, Columbia University Press, New York, 1984)
Polylogue, Seuil, Paris, 1977 (trans. in Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art, New York, Columbia University Press, Blackwell, London, 1980)
Histoires d’amour, Denoël, Paris, 1983 (trans. Tales of Love, Columbia University Press, New York, 1987)
Le temps sensible. Proust et l’expérience littéraire, Gallimard, Paris, 1994 (trans. Time and Sense: Proust and the experience of literature, Columbia University Press, New York, 1996)
Dostoïevski, Buchet-Chastel, Paris, 2020

Psychoanalysis and philosophy
Pouvoirs de l’horreur. Essai sur l’abjection (trans. Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, Columbia University Press, New York, 1982)
Au commencement était l’amour.Psychanalyse et foi, Hachette, Paris, 1985 (trans. In the Beginning Was Love. Psychoanalysis and Faith, Columbia University Press, New York, 1987)
Soleil Noir. Dépression et mélancolie, Gallimard, Paris, 1987 (trans. The Black Sun: Depression and Melancholia, Columbia University Press, New York, 1989)
Etrangers à nous-mêmes, Fayard, Paris, 1988 (Strangers to Ourselves, Columbia University Press, New York, 1991)
Lettre ouverte à Harlem Désir, Rivages, Paris, 1990, (trans. Nations without Nationalism. Columbia University Press, New York, 1993
Les Nouvelles maladies de l’âme, Fayard, Paris, 1993 (trans.New Maladies of the Soul. Columbia University Press, New York, 1995)
Sens et non sens de la révolte, Fayard, Paris, 1996 (trans. The Sense of Revolt, Columbia University Press, 2000)
 La Révolte intime, Fayard, 1997 (trans. Intimate Revolt, Columbia University Press, 2002)
Le Génie féminin: la vie, la folie, les mots, Fayard, Paris, 1999- (trans. Female Genius: Life, Madness, Words, Columbia University Press, New York, 2001–2004):
1. Hannah Arendt ou l’action comme naissance et comme étrangeté, vol. 1, Fayard, Paris, 1999
2.Melanie Klein ou le matricide comme douleur et comme créativité: la folie, vol. 2, Fayard, Paris, 2000
3. Colette ou la chair du monde, vol. 3, Fayard, Paris, 2002
Vision capitales, Réunion des musées nationaux, 1998 (trans. The Severed Head: capital visions, Columbia University Press, New York, 2012)

Autobiographical essays
Des Chinoises, édition des Femmes, Paris, 1974 (About Chinese Women, Marion Boyars, London, 1977
Du mariage considéré comme un des Beaux-Arts, Fayard, Paris, 2015 (Marriage as a Fine Art (with Philippe Sollers) Columbia University Press, New York 2016
Je me voyage. Mémoires. Entretien avec Samuel Dock, Fayard, Paris, 2016 (A Journey Across Borders and Through Identities.Conversations with Samuel Dock, in The Philosophy of <mask>, ed. Sara Beardsworth, The Library of Living Philosophers, vo. 36, Open Cort, Chicago, 2020)

Collection of essays
The Kristeva Reader, ed. Toril Moi, Columbia University Press, New York, 1986
The Portable Kristeva, ed. Kelly Oliver, Columbia University Press, New York, 1997
Crisis of the European Subject, Other Press, New York, 2000
La Haine et le pardon, ed. with a foreword by Pierre-Louis Fort, Fayard, Paris, 2005 (trans. Hatred and forgiveness, Columbia University Press, New York, 2010)
Pulsions du temps, foreword, edition and notes by David Uhrig, Fayard, Paris, 2013 (trans.Passions of Our Time, ed. with a foreword by Lawrence D. Kritzman, Columbia University Press, New York, 2019)

Novels
Les Samouraïs, Fayard, Paris, 1990 (trans. The Samurai: A Novel, Columbia University Press, New York, 1992)
Le Vieil homme et les loups, Fayard, Paris, 1991(trans. The Old Man and the Wolves, Columbia University Press, New York, 1994)
Possessions, Fayard, Paris, 1996 (trans. Possessions: A Novel, Columbia University Press, New York, 1998)
Meurtre à Byzance, Fayard, Paris, 2004 (trans. Murder in Byzantium, Columbia University Press, New York, 2006)
Thérèse mon amour : récit. Sainte Thérèse d’Avila, Fayard, 2008 (trans.Teresa, my love. An Imagined Life of the Saint of Avila, Columbia University Press, New York, 2015)
L’Horloge enchantée, Fayard, Paris, 2015 (trans. The Enchanted Clock, Columbia University Press, 2017)

See also

References

Further reading

Books about <mask>va
 Beardsworth, Sara, The Philosophy of <mask>, The Library of Living Philosophers, vol. 36, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Open Court, Chicago, 2020
Jardine, Alice, At the Risk of Thinking. An Intellectual Biography of <mask>, Bloomsbury, New York, 2020
Ivantcheva-Merjanska, Irene, Ecrire dans la langue de l'autre. Assia Djebar et <mask>va, L'Harmattan, Paris, 2015. Kelly Ives, <mask>va: art, love, melancholy, philosophy, semiotics and psychoanalysis, Crescent Moon, Maidstone, 2013
Becker-Leckrone, Megan, <mask>va And Literary Theory, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005
 Beardsworth, Sara, Psychoanalysis and Modernity, Suny Press, Albany, 2004
Radden, Jennifer, The Nature of Melancholy: From Aristotle to Kristeva, Oxford University Press, 2000
 Lechte, John, and Margaroni, Maria, <mask>va: Live Theory, Continuum, 2004
 McAfee, Noëlle, <mask>va, Routledge, London, 2004
 Smith, Anna, <mask>va: Readings of Exile and Estrangement, St. Martin's Press, New york, 1996.Oliver, Kelly, Ethics, Politics, and Difference in <mask>'s Writing, Routledge Édition, New York, 1993
Crownfield, David, Body/Text in <mask>: Religion, Women, and Psychoanalysis, State University of New York Press, 1992
Oliver, Kelly, Reading Kristeva. Unraveling the Double-bind, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1983

External links

 Holberg Prize
 Interview with <mask> in Exberliner Magazine
 <mask>: A Bibliography by Hélène Volat
 Goodnow, Katherine J.(2015). <mask> in Focus: From Theory to Film Analysis Berghahn Books. 1941 births
Living people
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
21st-century French writers
20th-century Bulgarian women writers
20th-century Bulgarian writers
20th-century French women writers
20th-century French writers
21st-century French women writers
Writers from Sliven
University of Paris faculty
Bulgarian emigrants to France
Bulgarian literary critics
Bulgarian literary theorists
Bulgarian communists
Bulgarian novelists
Bulgarian women novelists
Bulgarian philosophers
French literary critics
Women literary critics
French literary theorists
French psychoanalysts
French women novelists
French feminists
Bulgarian feminists
Poststructuralists
French semioticians
Bulgarian semioticians
Feminist theorists
Feminist writers
Philosophers of sexuality
Postmodern feminists
Women and psychology
Continental philosophers
Women philosophers
French women philosophers
Women sociologists
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Commanders of the National Order of Merit (France)
Holberg Prize laureates
Columbia University faculty
Bulgarian atheists
Bulgarian women philosophers
Communist women writers
20th-century Bulgarian novelists
French people of Bulgarian descent
Corresponding Fellows of the British

masks:
Kristeva
Julia Kriste
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kriste
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste
Julia Kriste
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kristeva
Julia Kristeva
Kristeva


title: George Dunbar, 10th Earl of March

texts:
<mask>, 10th Earl of Dunbar and March (1338–1422), 12th Lord of Annandale and Lord of the Isle of Man, was "one of the most powerful nobles in Scotland of his time, and the rival of the Douglases." Family
Pitscottie states that this <mask> is a son of John de Dunbar of Derchester & Birkynside, by his spouse Geiles (or Isabella), daughter of Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (d. 1332). John was son of Alexander de Dunbar, Knt. (a younger son of Patrick de Dunbar, 7th Earl of March), although some genealogies place John as a son of Patrick de Dunbar, 8th Earl of March. If John's father Alexander was a younger brother of Patrick de Dunbar, "8th" Earl of March, then John is not a younger brother of Sir Patrick de Dunbar, 9th Earl of March. Scots Peerage identifies <mask> as the son of Sir Patrick de Dunbar and Isabella Randolph, the nephew of Patrick, 9th Earl of Dunbar through his marriage to Agnes Randolph. Sir Patrick was the 9th Earl's cousin, his father being Sir Alexander de Dunbar, son of the 7th Earl and younger brother of the 8th Earl.Through these relationships <mask> was both the nephew and cousin of the 9th Earl, and he has been described as both is historical records. <mask>'s mother Isabella and her sister Agnes Randolph (wife of the 9th Earl of Dunbar) were heiresses jointly of their brother, John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray. Each received half of the Randolph properties. On 28 June 1363 King David II confirmed a grant in which Patrick, Earl of Dunbar and his wife Agnes resigned half of the baronies of Tibbers and Morton in favor of <mask> Dunbar (he was not yet the 10th Earl), in this document <mask> is described as their cousin. <mask> received the other half of these same estates from his own mother Isabella through normal inheritance. <mask> appears as second witness, styled 'cousin' of Sir Patrick (rather than 'nephew') and his wife 'black' Agnes Randolph, in another charter signed at Dunbar Castle on 24 May 1367. <mask> is said to have succeeded his uncle Sir Patrick to become 10th Earl of Dunbar and this is true, yet it is not.Patrick, 9th Earl of Dunbar resigned the Earldom of Dunbar/March to the crown on 25 July 1368 and the crown re-granted the earldom to his 'cousin' <mask> Dunbar. Although <mask> was the nephew of Sir Patrick by marriage, it was through his relationship as cousin that he received the earldom, that is why the point is so often made that he was his cousin, when the more logical and closer relationship was nephew. He inherited through his blood relationship as cousin, not through his marriage relationship of nephew. "Robetus de Lawedre, consanguineus noster" (a cousin) witnessed a charter of "Georgii comitis Marchie" relating to Sorrowlessfield, a still extant property on the (A68) road south of Earlston, Berwickshire, in the reign (1390–1406) of Robert III, indicating both his extended family and that he was active in the management of the Dunbar family estates during Robert's reign. He married Christina, daughter of Alan de Wyntoun and had at least eight children, including:

 Sir <mask>, 11th Earl of Dunbar & March
 Dame Elizabeth de Dunbar, betrothed to David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, marriage annulled 1397
 Sir Gavin de Dunbar of Cumnock, Ayrshire. Columba de Dunbar, Bishop of Moray
 Patrick de Dunbar of Biel, Haddingtonshire, living 1452. John de Dunbar, believed to have died young
 Sir David de Dunbar of Cockburn, whose daughter, Marjorie/Margaret de Dunbar, married Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford
 Janet, who married as her first husband, Sir John Seton of Seton, Knt.,(died 1441) She married secondly, Adam Johnstone of that Ilk (in Annandale).<mask> Dunbar, 10th Earl of March, also had one known 'natural' son, Nicholas. Nicholas was imprisoned in the Tower in 1421, along with his half-brother David de Dunbar. The name of Nicholas' mother is not known. Nicholas de Dunbar, Esquire, petitioned the Pope in 1394 for a dispensation that he might be ordained. Campaigns and intrigue
The <mask> of March acquired the estates centred on the castles of Morton and Tibbers, with Morton likely becoming the centre of administration for both. The Earl of March accompanied James Douglas, 2nd Earl of Douglas, in his incursion into England, and after the Battle of Otterburn (1388) he took command of the Scots, whom he conducted safely home. Broken Betrothal and Rift with Scotland

In 1395 the Earl's oldest daughter Elizabeth was betrothed by contract to David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, son of King Robert III and heir to the throne.A Papal mandate allowing the marriage was issued 10 August 1395, but the impatient couple were married before the Papal mandate arrived. The Church was not pleased and on 10 March 1397, the Pope issued a dispensation granting that they should be allowed to 'remarry' after a period of separation. Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas, 'The Grim', protested against the match, and through the influence of the Duke of Albany had the contract annulled. Instead of 'remarrying' Elizabeth de Dunbar, his wife of almost 2 years, Prince David married Marjory Douglas, daughter of <mask>. Understandably, this caused a huge rift. Not only had the Dunbar's lost a very important political alliance to their greatest rival but their oldest daughter had been irredeemably sullied. Elizabeth had lived with Prince David, as his wife, for nearly 2 years, luckily there had been no children born.Elizabeth de Burgh would live out the remainder of her days without marrying. Exile to England
In consequence of these events, <mask> renounced his properties in Scotland and his allegiance to Robert III and moved the entire family to England, joining the court of King Henry IV. On 28 June 1401, Henry granted, by Letters Patent, to "<mask> Dunbarre earl of the March of Scotland and Cristiana his wife" the lordship of Somerton in Lincolnshire, and the heirs male of their bodies, to be held by homage and military service. On the same day Henry gave "<mask> Dunbarre earl of the March of Scotland" £100 sterling per annum "of his special favour" and in October granted him 'costs' of £25/9s/7d; and granted his wife "Cristiana countess of Dunbarre" £40/19s/3d "for her charges and expenses coming from the North at his command, to prosecute certain matters touching her husband, herself, and their heirs". Battles
In 1401 he made a wasteful inroad into Scotland, and in June 1402 he was victorious against a small Scottish force at the Battle of Nesbit Moor. At the subsequent Battle of Homildon Hill he again fought on the English side. In the summer of 1403 the Percies declared open revolt against King Henry IV and raised their standard of revolt at Chester.A plan was hatched to seize the King's son, the young Prince of Wales, at Shrewsbury. The plan was foiled by the extreme speed with which Henry IV moved once he heard details of the revolt. "Egged on by his very competent and energetic ally, the renegade Scotsman, <mask>", he drove his men across the Midlands towards Shrewsbury, raising more troops as he went. The Battle of Shrewsbury took place on 21 July 1403, with Dunbar fighting on the side of Henry IV. It was a royal victory and the revolt was, for the moment, over. Estates
Thereafter in the same year "<mask> Dunbar earl of the March of Scotland" petitioned (Parliamentary Petitions, No.961) Henry IV stating that he had lost all his castles, lordships, goods and chattels in Scotland on account of his being his liegeman, and asked the King to "ordain in this parliament that if any conquest is made in the realm of Scotland, the petitioner may have restoration of his castles, &c., and also his special protection for all dwelling in the earldom of March who come to his allegiance hereafter". This was endorsed by the King.On 21 January 1403/4 "<mask> Dunbarre earl of the March of Scotland" received a £100 annuity from Henry IV. Between 14 and 18 August 1403, King Henry granted <mask> Dunbar, Earl of March, the ward of the manors and lordships of Kyme and Croftes in Lincolnshire, and a house and chattels in Bishopsgate, City of London, for life, which had previously belonged to the late Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester, and was forfeited by his rebellion. Under a Letters Patent, "the King's cousin, <mask> Dunbarre, Earl of March of Scotland", for "his daily service and great costs" was given the manor of Clippeston in Shirewood by King Henry IV on 10 June 1405. In addition, on 14th of the following month, the King gave him the ward of the lands of the late Thomas Umfraville in Haysille on Humber in York, till the majority of Gilber his heir, or his heirs in succession if he dies in minority. In addition he shared in the forfeited estates of the attainted Thomas Bardolf, 5th Lord Bardolf (who later fell with Percy at the Battle of Bramham Moor in February 1408). However, as the following decree shows, <mask> did not retain them all: "27 April 1407. The King to the sheriff of Lincoln.Referring to the late plea in Chancery between Amicia wife of Thomas, late lord of Bardolf, and <mask> Dunbarre regarding certain lands in Ruskynton forfeited by Thomas, which had been granted by the King to <mask>, with the manor of Calthorpe, the half of Ancaster (and many others), wherein it was adjudged that Rusynton should be excepted from the grant and restored to her with the rents, etc., from 27 November 1405, drawn by <mask>, - the King orders him to restore the same to Amicia. Westminster. [Close, 9 Henry IV. m.17.]". Return to Scotland
Through the mediation of Sir Walter Haliburton of Dirleton, reconciliation with the Douglases was effected in 1408, and he was allowed to return to Scotland the following year, taking possession of his earldom of March, but said to be deprived of the lordship of Annandale. In 1411 he was one of the Scottish Commissioners for negotiating a truce with England, but is said to have died of a contagious fever, in 1420, at the age of 82. Contrary to this, he appears as the grantor in a charter dated 8 September 1422.In it he is identified as the <mask> of March, and one of the witnesses is described by the Earl as 'Christiana my spouse'. This indicates that <mask> the 10th was still alive and still Earl as of September 1422, as his son <mask> the 11th would have described Christiana and 'my mother'. References

 Townend, Peter, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 105th edition, London, 1970, p. 913. Cokayne, G. E., et al., The Complete Peerage, under 'Dirletoun'. 1338 births
1420 deaths
Scottish soldiers
Scottish expatriates in England
Scottish diplomats
Earls of March (Scotland)
14th-century Scottish earls

masks:
George de Dunbar
George
George
George
George
George de
George
George
George
George
George de
George
George
George de
Earl
Earl Douglas
George
George de
George de
George Dunbar
George de
George de
George de
George de
George
George de
George
George
Earl
George
George


title: Jim Palosaari

texts:
<mask> (1939–2011) was an American evangelist and performer, one of the leaders in the Jesus Movement of the late 1960s and 1970s. Early life
Palosaari was a first generation American whose Finnish father emigrated through Ellis Island, New York. Born to John Palosaari and Sara Bishop/LaVeck, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, he grew up on a goat farm near Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, where he attended Oconomowoc High School. Jesus Movement

Palosaari became a Christian in Seattle, Washington during the Jesus Movement of the late 1960s. Trained in the faith by Linda Meissner, Palosaari and his wife Sue helped to form the nucleus of the Jesus People Army, establishing outposts in Yakima and Spokane, Washington; Boise, Idaho; and Vancouver, B.C. with Russell Griggs. In Milwaukee, the Palosaaris began a coffeehouse, "The Jesus Christ Power House," Sue started a newspaper, "Street Level," <mask> developed a new band, "Sheep," and they began a communal school called "Jesus People Discipleship Training Center" which grew to 200 members.At this time Meissner and Griggs joined the Jesus People Army to the Children of God (later called the Family International), although Palosaari unsuccessfully tried to dissuade them. In 1972, 60 members were sent to join Bill Lowery's tent ministry, "Christ is the Answer" (CITA), and a team of 30, including the band Charity, were sent out, later to reemerge in Chicago as Jesus People USA and "Rez Band". Earlier revivals in Racine, Wisconsin, and Duluth, Minnesota, now became autonomous communes. The Palosaaris and thirty members flew to Sweden as guests of the Full Gospel Business Men, in order to provide a foil for the Children of God in England. Upon arrival, the group spent substantial time in Finland, where Palosaari preached in Temppeliaukion Kirkko, the Stone Church in Helsinki. Sheep produced its first record, "Karitsat Jeesus-rock", in Helsinki, Finland, sung partly in Finnish. From there the group toured for the next six months through Western Europe, including Germany and the Netherlands.The Jesus People entered Great Britain in the fall of 1972 to participate with Russell Griggs and David Hoyt in an exposé of the Children of God, at the invitation of financier Kenneth Frampton. With Frampton's backing Palosaari, Hoyt and the group now calling itself the "Jesus Family", enlarged by half, created the rock musical, "Lonesome Stone," a musical history of the early "Jesus Freaks." The musical opened at London's Rainbow Theatre, eventually touring American air force bases throughout Germany, Great Britain, Canada, and the American Midwest, before closing four years later. While in England, Palosaari, Kenneth Frampton and British national, James Holloway, started what was for many years the largest Christian music festival in the world, Greenbelt. A year later, the Palosaaris, Owen and Sandie Brock, and Paul and Lydia Jenkinson met to form another commune on Vancouver Island, B.C., Canada calling themselves "Highway Missionary Society." Palosaari was the head elder of a council made up of men and women, developing their ideals of community, missionary work, and evangelism. The new group traveled constantly, and quickly formed a nucleus of followers.Palosaari put together the rock band Servant, which became the first Christian rock band to use lasers and an extensive light show. Servant produced six records and traveled throughout the U.S., Canada, and Great Britain, giving Petra their start when Petra opened for them. Community work also involved extensive showing of the movie Brother Sun, Sister Moon, about the life of Saint Francis of Assisi. Eventually the now enlarged communal group settled in Grants Pass, Oregon on land next to the Applegate River, where their interest in Christian community was supported through farming, work in town, and tree-planting. With Sue's effort, the community now formed a children's school. HMS sponsored Vietnamese and Laotian refugees coming into the country in the early 1980s. At this time Palosaari began Rooftop Records, producing one Servant album and sponsoring two other artists.Other work

Palosaari spent his early adult years in the Chicago and the Detroit theater, including The Unstabled Theater run by Edith Carroll Canter and Woodie King, Jr. (Actress Lily Tomlin got her start in the same theater company the year <mask> joined). After leaving HMS, the Palosaaris left to study and work with YWAM on the Big Island of Hawaii, and Oahu. <mask>i went to work in Texas with CITA, which he would continue to return to periodically over the next decade. During this time he also promoted new Christian rock groups, including Newsboys, PID, and Whitecross. In his later years Palosaari worked extensively in charitable fundraising. He narrated the movie Frisbee:  The Life and Death of a Hippie Preacher, the story of one of the earliest and most well-known Jesus Freak leaders, Lonnie Frisbee, released in DVD form in January, 2007. Personal life

Palosaari was married four times.He married Joyce Warner in Detroit, in 1962, and moved to New York (Long Island) with his wife and stepson, Michael, about a year later. This union produced one son, Kent. <mask> and Joyce were divorced in 1967. <mask> and Jeanette Palosaari (not married) met in Wisconsin and became parents of a daughter, Sonja, in 1967. They moved together to southern California shortly after her birth. Shortly after his arrival in southern California <mask> moved to northern California. In 1970, <mask> married Susan Cowper, and had four children: Jedidiah, Seth, Cody, and Sophia.In 1981 <mask> and Sue's second oldest son, Seth, died in an automobile accident with two other members of the community. The couple was divorced in 1992. Five years later, Palosaari married Susan Mattson, who died in 2008. In March 2011 Palosaari married Jo Sappenfield. They lived in Palosaari's native state of Wisconsin until his death on May 25, 2011. Palosaari was a self-described Democrat and socialist, committed less to party and politics than to the ideals of social justice, living in poverty, communal living, and a religious lifestyle in which everything is given up for God. He considered himself a Christian Primitivist, trying to live in the 20th century with the ideals of the 1st century Christians.References

Sources
 Encyclopedia of Evangelism
 Jesus People USA Notes
 History of the Jesus Movement, by David de Sabatino
 The Jesus People Movement: An Annotated Bibliography and General Resource by David de Sabatino
 Di Sabatino, David, History of the Jesus Movement: McMaster University, 1995
 Greenbelt History
 Young, Shawn David, Hippies, Jesus Freaks, and Music (Ann Arbor: Xanedu/Copley Original Works, 2005). External links
  Servant
 Documentary of Lonnie's life

American evangelists
Jesus movement
The Family International
People from Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
1939 births
2011 deaths
American people of Finnish descent

masks:
James Michael Palosaari
Jim
Jim
Jim Palosaar
Jim
Jim
Jim
Jim
Jim


title: Jeremy Kewley

texts:
<mask> (born 16 August 1960) is an Australian actor,  writer, producer and convicted child sex offender. He made his professional acting debut as an adolescent in the feature film The Devil's Playground (1976). Early life
<mask> was born 16 August 1960 in Melbourne, Australia. While still at school, <mask> was discovered by Fred Schepisi and cast in The Devil's Playground. He then went on to appear in films such as Mad Dog Morgan, opposite Dennis Hopper and Jack Thompson, and the Bruce Beresford film The Getting of Wisdom, as well as television series including Bellbird, The Sullivans and Twenty Good Years. <mask> moved to Sydney in 1979 after he was cast in Arcade as Robbie Stewart. Career

Television
Kewley appeared in numerous Australian television series including The Henderson Kids II, Prisoner, The Young Doctors, Thunderstone, Cop Shop, The Man From Snowy River, SeaChange, The Secret Life Of Us and Neighbours where he played Dr Adrian Ewart during 1995.From 1994 to 1995, he appeared in the critically acclaimed ABC-TV drama series Janus (1995 Logie Award Winner for Best Drama Series and Best Actor) where he played the lead role of Crown Prosecutor Vic Manoulis. In 1997, he began playing the recurring role of local Mount Thomas journalist Tony Timms in Blue Heelers until the series ended in 2006. And from 2000 to 2004, he played Detective Senior Sergeant Bryan Gray in the Nine Network's undercover police series Stingers (Best Drama Series – 2004 AFI Awards). In 2007, he appeared as Frank Parry QC opposite Jack Thompson and Colin Friels in the ABC-TV mini-series Bastard Boys, and began playing the recurring role of Adam Gardiner in the Nine Network's  outback drama McLeod's Daughters. In 2009/2010, he guest starred in popular Australian series like Bed of Roses and City Homicide. In June 2010, he was cast in the first movie spin-off of Australian series Underbelly, Underbelly Files: Tell Them Lucifer was Here, which tells the story of two murdered police officers. <mask> played one of the lead roles in the Screentime movie which premiered on Australia's Nine Network in February 2011.In 2013 he was cast as notorious Melbourne underworld figure Des 'Tuppence' Moran in the nine-part series Fat Tony & Co. which premiered on the Nine Network in Australia on Sunday 23 February 2014. Movies
He has starred in motion pictures including Amy (1998) opposite Rachel Griffiths, Disappearance (2002) a mystery thriller set in Nevada, in which he starred opposite Harry Hamlin and Susan Dey, and The X Team (2003) a snow-bound action adventure shot in the New Zealand Alps for Touchstone Pictures and Mandalay Pictures. He plays the lead role of US film producer Jerry Goldman in Frank & Jerry (2012); plays Professor Weston-Smith Gurrie in 10 Terrorists (2012) directed by Dee McLachlan; and stars as Roy Rogers in The Legend Maker (2014) directed by Ian Pringle. Comedy
For the Seven Network, he appeared in the situation comedy series Bligh and Wedlocked; for ABC-TV he was a regular in The Gerry Connolly Show sketch comedy series; made a number of appearances on Backberner; played one of the leads in the 1996 sit-com pilot Darling! and guest starred in episodes of The Adventures of Lano and Woodley, Pig's Breakfast, and the 2006 Hamish and Andy mock-current affairs series Real Stories. In 2008, he appeared on Rove Live, and had recurring roles on the ABC-TV sit-com Very Small Business and the Australian version of the Disney Channel's As The Bell Rings. In 2009, he starred in the eight-part comedy series Whatever Happened To That Guy?for The Comedy Channel on Foxtel and played the role of television network CEO Charles Kane in the pilot of the Foxtel comedy series I Can't Believe It's Not Better. Audience warm-ups
One of only a handful of television audience warm-up comedians working in Australia, <mask> has worked on dozens of classic Australian television shows from Young Talent Time and Candid Camera on Australia to Australia's Brainiest Kid, National Bingo Night and the Marngrook Footy Show. He has been the warm-up comedian for the AFL version of The Footy Show since it began in 1994, and as well as the weekly studio-based shows produced out of GTV 9 in Melbourne, he has also been part of all The Footy Show broadcasts live from Perth, Hobart, Adelaide and Sydney; the annual "Grand Final" specials in front of 13,000 people at Melbourne's Rod Laver Arena; the high-rating shows broadcast live from the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London in 2001 and 2005; and "The Footy Show World Cup Spectacular", broadcast live from the classic Prinzregententheater in Munich, Germany, in 2006. Over the years he has also been the audience warm-up comedian for shows including The X Factor, 1 vs. 100, Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, Backberner, Unreal TV, Quiz Master, Australia's Brainiest Celebrity Specials, In Melbourne Tonight, Comedy Inc, Difference Of Opinion and Temptation. Since 2011 he has been the audience warm-up artist for The Marngrook Footy Show. He is also often employed as the Master of Ceremonies at big television events like the annual Australian Film Institute Awards. And he has hosted pilots for his own television game shows including Punchlines (Seven Network), Pro-Am Quiz (Nine Network) and Run for the Money (Network Ten).Theatre
Kewley spent seven years at Nero's Fiddle Theatre Restaurant (1984–1990), five years at French Nickers Theatre Restaurant  (1991–1995) and ten years at Hunchbax Theatre Restaurant (1996–2006) performing in shows which he also wrote and directed. He created numerous shows at Hunchbax, including "Good Will Humping", "Forrest Hump", "Bravehump", "Raiders of the Lost Hump", "Dude, Where's My Hump? ", "The Spy Who Humped Me", "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Humpy", "The Full Humpy" and "Hump-erectomy," many of which were choreographed by Jodie Greenwood. In 2009, he appeared in the premiere of the Australian plays Friday Night, In Town and She's My Baby, and starred in the stage show Call Girl the Musical. In 2010, he was cast as 'Glad Hand' in the revival of West Side Story and (from August 2010 to January 2011) played the role at Melbourne's famous Regent Theatre, Perth's Burswood Theatre, Adelaide's Festival Theatre, and the Lyric Theatre in Brisbane. In 2011, as part of the 25th Annual Melbourne International Comedy Festival he starred in the play "It's All Fun and Games (Until Someone Gets Hurt)". Since 2011 he has played the lead roles in plays including Death of A Comedian, Equus, "Flesh Wound" and "Doomsday Devices".Producer
In 1986, he wrote and produced the short thriller The Lake, and co-produced and co-directed the comedy The Skateboard Saga (1987) which won the 1987 Film Victoria Trophy; was named Best Short Film at the 1987 Melbourne International Film Festival; won Best Film at the 1987 Ten Best On 8 Film Festival. He has produced over 200 television commercials and from 1989 to 1991 he was one of the writers and presenters and Associate Producer of Network Ten's Candid Camera On Australia and TVNZ's Candid Camera On New Zealand. In 2003, he wrote, directed and appeared in the short comedy film Image Is Everything, shot as part of the Celebrity Film-maker Challenge for the Newcastle Shoot Out in NSW. In 2000, he co-produced Funny By George: The George Wallace Story for ABC-TV, a one-hour documentary that detailed the life and times of George Wallace – Australia's great vaudeville performer and first comedy "movie star". In 2001, he co-wrote and produced Young Talent Time Tells All, which became one of the highest rating Network Ten programs of the year, and in 2003 he created and co-produced a three-hour "special edition" DVD titled Young Talent Time: The Collection for Universal Pictures. Radio
Between 2010 and 2013, Kewley appeared on Denis Walter's afternoon radio program on 3AW in a regular segment called Trivia with <mask>. Personal life

Child sex abuse allegations and conviction

In December 2014, Kewley was charged with, and on 26 November 2015 he pleaded guilty to, multiple child sex offences.His abuses took place between 1989 and 2011. Most of his 16 victims, boys aged 9 to 14, were assaulted in 2011 during a series of screen tests. On 17 May 2016, <mask> was sentenced to 23 months imprisonment on the charges which he pleaded guilty to. <mask>, then 55, pleaded guilty to 19 charges, including indecent acts with a child under 16, indecent assault, and making and possessing child pornography, which occurred between 1989 and 2011. On 28 November 2018, concerns were raised that <mask> had worked at a Victorian primary school during the Victorian state election. Community work
In 2006, <mask> was named Bega Valley Shire's Australia Day Ambassador. References

External links

1960 births
Living people
Australian male television actors
Australian male stage actors
Australian male film actors
Australian people convicted of child sexual abuse
Australian people convicted of indecent assault
Australian television presenters
People convicted of child pornography offenses
People educated at Haileybury (Melbourne)

masks:
Jeremy Leo Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Jeremy Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Kewley
Kewley