title: Johannes Wiedewelt

texts:
<mask> (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor. He  became a court sculptor, introducing neoclassical ideals to Denmark in the form of palace decorations, garden sculptures and artifacts and, especially, memorial monuments. He was undoubtedly the best known Danish sculptor before Bertel Thorvaldsen. Life

Early training
He was born in Copenhagen to royal sculptor to the Danish Court, <mask> (1677–1757) and his wife Birgitte Lauridsdatter. The elder Wiedewelt recognised his son's talents early, and the boy trained under the Italian history painter Hieronimo Miani, one of the two leaders of the Drawing and Painting Academy (Tegne- og Malerakademiet) in Copenhagen along with Louis August le Clerc (1688–1771), as early as perhaps 1744. This Academy was the precursor to the still-extant Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) established ten years later. When Miani left Denmark in 1745 to return to Italy, the elder Wiedewelt took a stronger hand in training the boy, apprenticing him in his workshop.At the same time the young Wiedeweldt continued at the Academy, drawing under Johan Christof Petzoldt (1708-1762)  and he presumedly also trained under royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Didrick Gercken (169-1748). He began already to produce his own works early, and had produced in Spring 1750 two small busts cast in tin of King Frederik V and Queen Louise. He was paid a reasonable sum for this work, and it encouraged him to follow his dream to study outside of Denmark. Student travel to Paris
Several months later at nineteen years of age he ventured out on a student travel that took him over Hamburg to Rouen and finally to Paris in August 1750. There he met the Danish Legation secretary to the French Court in Paris Joachim Wasserschlebe
(1709-1787) who would become a patron of the young sculptor. With Wasserschlebe's help, Wiedewelt was taken into the studio of the renowned Baroque sculptor Guillaume Coustou the Younger, where from 1750-1754 he worked partially as a student and partially as an assistant. He later received a yearly royal allowance from King Frederik, which was doubled after two years.In Paris he also came to know Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. During 1752-1754, Wiedewelt made a sculpture of fellow-Dane, Magnus Gustav Arbien (1716–1760), medallionist who was at the time studying under a royal stipend from the Danish Court. Wiedewelt won a silver medallion from the French Academy of Art (Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1753. There was a sweeping artistic interest during those times for the study of ancient art. This rage originated in the discoveries of Herculaneum in 1738 and Pompeii in 1748, and was fanned by the directorship of the French Academy, Marquis de Marigny Abel-François Poisson(1727–1781),  brother of royal mistressMadame de Pompadour (1721–1764). Poisson introduced the technique of drawing from  antiquities, especially architecture, sculpture and landscapes, instead of from models. This technique was based on his experiences in Italy visiting the recently excavated archeological sites.Continued travel to Rome
Wiedewelt was the first to receive a travel stipend from the newly established Danish Academy of Art in 1754 and used the funds to travel to Italy. Although Coustou tried to convince Wiedewelt to stay in Paris longer, the young sculptor left for Rome in May 1754. His trip took him over Lyon, Marseille and Civitavecchia; he arrived in Rome on 7 June 1754. A letter of recommendation from Wasserschlebe introduced Wiedewelt to the Director of the French Academy in Rome (l´Academie de France á Rome),  Charles-Joseph Natoire (1700-1777). He lived and studied at the Academy, lodging at the Palazzo Mancini. Natoire put him in contact with others in residence there. Among these were German painter Anton Raphael Mengs, Italian Pompeo Batoni, and German archeologist and art theorist  Johann Joachim Winckelmann who arrived in Rome 1755.At the Academy he, along with other students, came under the influence of  Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who had lived in Rome since 1740 and who set a heightened focus on antiquities as artistic subject matter. Wiedewelt visited private collections such as the Farnese collection, as well as the publicly accessible ones such as the Capitoline Museums and the Vatican Museum. He and Johann Winckelmann studied ancient sculptures together, and Winckelmann advised the younger Wiedewelt, encouraging him to use these sculptures as a base for his drawings and to use his knowledge of ancient art as the basis for his artistic production. Wiedewelt made many drawings and sketches of these ancient sculptures during his Roman residence. The two were inseparable. Wiedewelt's friendship and admiration for Winckelmann left a deep impression on him, especially in regards his acquired knowledge and appreciation for Ancient Greek artifacts and art. During his time in Rome he also managed to take excursions to Naples, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Portici.Several of these trips were made in the company of Winckelmann in 1758. The two would remain close, maintaining a lively letter exchange, until Winckelmann was murdered in Trieste in 1768. Return to Denmark and an artistic career
Wiedewelt left Rome on 1 July 1758, when his financial support was running out, and after he had been ordered home to Denmark by the Academy. He traveled back in the company of friend, neoclassical painter Johan Edvard Mandelberg. They traveled over Caprarola, Siena, Florence, Pisa, Carrara, Lucca, Bologna, Padua, Venice, and Trieste where they studied the local art collections and churches, and on through the Tyrol and Germany. They arrived back to Copenhagen on 6 October 1758. Hardly six months after his return Wiedewelt was named member of the newly organised Art Academy, as well as being named royal sculptor to the Danish Court in 1759, inclusive gratis studio at Materialgaarden near Frederiksholm's Canal.He was known for his good taste in art and his knowledge of antiquities. He became quickly the judge of artistic good taste in Denmark. Commissions soon followed. As a first commission he was requested to sculpt a memorial monument to the long deceased king Christian VI of Denmark by his widowed wife, Sophie Magdalene. The marble monument was completed in 1768, but was not installed at Roskilde Cathedral until 1777. The neoclassical monument included a sarcophagus and two female figures, Sorgenand Berømmelsen. This was the first neoclassical sarcophagus in Denmark, and is considered to be neoclassicism's start in Denmark.In 1760 he began work on another comprehensive project, sculptural groups, individual sculptures and decorations for the gardens at the French-inspired baroque Fredensborg Palace. He produced a large series of drawings for the King giving his suggestions for the decoration of the gardens. He came to work closely with architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, with whom he would travel together to London and Paris in the late 1760s. His outdoor sculptures here and at other gardens have come to comprise the greatest assembled collections of his works. In 1761 he became a professor at the Art Academy. He also took on a leading position with Fourniers Porcelain Factory 1761-1766. Wiedewelt wrote a small manifesto in 1762 entitledTanker om Smagen udi Kunsterne i Almindelighed.He contributed to the decoration of Frederiks Church, also known as the Marble Church  (Marmorkirken)  with no less than 64 figures and 30 reliefs. Due to the scale of the royal projects, the time constraints and the common practices of the time Wiedewelt often left the direct work of sculpting be carried out by his studio assistants from sketches, which he delivered. In 1765-1766 he delivered a plaster allegorical relief and twelve medallions of the Oldenborg kings to the sumptuous Knights Hall (Riddersalen) at Christiansborg Palace, plus additional decorative pieces. These were all lost in the fire of 1794. Some of the medallions are evidenced in engravings. He served as Treasurer of the Academy 1767-1772, and served as Director of the same 1772-1778, 1780-1789, and 1793-1795. He exhibited at the Salon for the first time in 1769, and subsequently in 1778 and 1794.In 1769 he completed the monument to Frederik V in Roskilde Cathedral which includes a large sarcophagus resting on footpieces and decorated by numerous sculptures, behind which is a column topped of an urn, a medallion with the king's portrait, and on each side of the sarcophagus, sitting approx. 9' high above the floor, are two crowned, grieving female figures representing Denmark and Norway. The memorial chapel was created as a collaboration between Wiedewelt and architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. Later career
In 1768-1769 Wiedewelt traveled to Paris and London in the company of architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, then architect for Frederik's Church, now known as the Marble Church (Marmorkirken). His travel journals

masks:
Johannes Wiedewelt
Just Wiedewelt


title: Johannes Wiedewelt

type: original

texts:
 show that he visited famous gardens during the trip, and studied them carefully. Large commissions from the court slowed down drastically after this foreign tour, as Johann Friedrich Struensee's took over control of the country from the weak, young, schizophrenic, newly crowned King Christian VII and put his cost-cutting reforms into place between 1769-1771. These cutbacks also resulted in Jardin's losing his position with the Church after this same two-year travel.German-born Struensee was widely disliked, and between 1770-1772 Wiedewelt created a series of drawings satirizing Struensee and his associate Count Enevold Brandt. He also designed several coins for Christian VII in 1771. Starting in the early 1770s, the reaction to Struensee led to a wider distrust of foreigners in positions of power in Denmark. This included the foreign-born artists, especially French artists, in the King's service who lost power and influence in Denmark's official artistic and Academic circles. Friend Jardin resigned his professorship at the Academy on 26 March 1771. From this point on, although Wiedewelt remained court sculptor until his death, his commissions came primarily from private patrons, and were mostly grave monuments and sarcophaguses. He received many such commissions, and during a thirty-year period he produced over 36 such works.Among these are one for Ludvig Holberg in Sorø made in 1779, and another for the first wife of Adam Gottlob Moltke, statesman and high official at the Danish Court. The only large order he received from the court after that time was one for Høegh-Guldbergs National Historical Garden (Høegh-Guldbergs nationalhistoriske anlæg) named for Ove Høegh-Guldberg, theologian and historian. The commission consisted of fifty-four monuments to be set up on the expansive grounds of Crown Prince Frederik V's Jægerspris Castle in Jægerspris. They were sculpted between 1777-1789. Wiedewelt was inspired by Ove Malling's book Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere  published in 1777. He decorated the park with monuments and memorial stones in honour of exceptional Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteiners, placing these pieces in the open parkland. He took advantage of his recent studies of foreign gardens, especially the English garden Stowe Park near Buckingham which he had visited, and created a new visual language.Additionally his studio produced reliefs in 1773 of Hercules and Omphale for the Hercules Pavilion in the King's Garden (Kongens Have), the gardens of Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. In 1782 he designed coin cabinets for the Royal Coin Museum (Det kongelige Møntkabinet) at the same castle. In 1783 he created  Bernstorff Column (Bernstorffstøtten),  a memorial for Foreign Minister Count Johan Hartvig Ernst Bernstorff in Lyngby, who had early-on instituted agricultural reforms (landboreformer) on his estate, prior to the land-wide reforms that followed on 20 July 1788. These land-wide reforms led to the monumental Frihedsstøtten  in Copenhagen. Work was started August 31, 1792 and it was erected in 1797. It is still on public display although in a new location. The monument was 20 meters high and consisted of an obelisk of red sandstone, a pedestal of grey marble and a base on three steps of red sandstone before the renovation of 1998-1999.Wiedewelt contributed to this piece with the statue Troskaben, which is one of four sculptures in this large piece, and with the relief Retfærdighedens Genius. The other artists who contributed to the monument were Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, who designed the overall monument, colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt and Nicolai Dajon. Between 1785-1801, Wiedewelt created fifteen monuments for the day's important people at Assistens Cemetery near Copenhagen's Northern Gate  (Nørreport). Of these eight can still be seen today in the park-like setting. Final Years
Wiedewelt was chosen eight times as Director of the Art Academy; the last time he held the position was 1793-1794. He worked hard to keep the Academy running well, facing often-shifting attitudes from the court and uncertain royal financial support. He was committed to the end, in spite of ill health in his advanced age.He also worked until the end, even though his own financial means worsened drastically, and he lived in abject poverty. During his many years of good economy he lived a festive life with no restrictions, and he was very generous. When times became rough, as it did not only for him but also for others who were accustomed to royal support, he suffered along with the royal house's financial problems. In spite of his meager economy he continued to support two elderly sisters, a servant man, as well as a poor cousin. He had never married. By the end Wiedewelt had pawned most of his belongings, when a final catastrophe proved to be too much for him; a shipload of marble blocks he had purchased with borrowed money went to the bottom of the sea near Læsø. This apparently proved to be more than he could handle, and shortly thereafter on 17 December 1802 he drowned in an apparent suicide in Sortedamsøen, a lake just outside that day's Copenhagen limits.He was buried on Christmas Eve at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His grave monument was made by friend and colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt (1738–1805). Works
He had a rich fantasy, and his compositions were easy and natural. His works were tasteful, and influenced by both his French Baroque training and his careful study of and appreciation for late Greek and Roman art. He was well-versed in the use of classical allegory and symbols, especially those having to do with death. He was also inspired by Nordic mythology and ancient, Viking and Icelandic sagas, and made many drawings based on these. Sculptures and reliefs attributed to him and his studio have been lost to time, and are sometimes only evidenced by sketches and engravings.His works are a part of the royal households and gardens. Those in the gardens are the largest collections of his works in one place. He viewed his garden decorations as creating an outdoors theatre presentation relating to the surrounding trees of various types, to figure groups of sculptures and to decorative columns and obelisks. He had a sense of the developing romantic garden. His memorial monuments are spread out in churches throughout Denmark, with the royal monuments at Roskilde Cathedral. Many of these monuments can be found at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His drawings are also highly esteemed.He illustrated a deluxe edition of Ludvig Holberg's "Peder Paars" in 1772, engravings for which were made by Johan Frederik Clemens, who collaborated with Wiedewelt on several projects. He also made illustrations for a book by Peder Topp Wandal on the Jægerspris Castle project in 1783. Clemens also engraved these illustrations,

Wiedewelt, along with architect Harsdorff, was one of the primary figures responsible for introducing Neoclassicism to Denmark. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries and by those artists who followed. He is considered an important transitional figure leading to future generations of Danish artists. He had a large library of books covering many subjects, which often served as a source of inspiration. As professor at the Academy he introduced his Neoclassical theories to artistic students.Among his many students was Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, future Director of the Academy and instructor for Bertel Thorvaldsen. In memory of Wiedewelt
In 1803, Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, poet and playwright, wrote a well-known elegy in his honour, calling him "Denmark's Phidias". Taus hun sukker
Bølgen mildt sig lukker
om den gamle Tindings sølvgråe Haar. Hun forsvinder. Dagen bleg oprinder;
Hist paa Frihedsstøtten Lærken slaaer. Troskab græder
I de hvide Marmorklæder
Kold og bleg, den ranke hulde Mø. Haand paa Brystet
Aldrig aldrig trøstet,
stirrer hun henpå den sorte Sø"

Silently she sighs
The mild waves close in
Round the old man's temples, his silver-grey hair.She disappears. The pale day runs out. Yonder on Freedom's Monument the lark sounds. Faithfulness cries
In its white marble clothes
Cold and pale, the proud gracious maiden
Hand on breast
Never, never comforted
She stares out onto the dark lake. References

Related literature
 Annette Rathje & Marjatta Nielsen (eds. ), <mask> - A Danish Artist in Search of the Past, Shaping the Future (Museum Tusculanum Press) 2010. Karl Wilhelm Tesdorpf, <mask>t: Dänemarks erster klassizistischer Bildhauer.Ein Anhänger von Winckelmann'', (Hamburg: Johann Trautmann Verlag)  1933. Other sources
 KID Kunst Index Danmark ("Art Index Denmark")
 Danish Biographical Encyclopedia ("Dansk biografisk Leksikion")

1731 births
1802 deaths
Artists from Copenhagen
Neoclassical sculptors
Court sculptors
18th-century Danish sculptors
Sculptors who committed suicide
Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
1800s

masks:
Johannes Wiedewelt
Johannes Wiedewel


title: Leandro Trossard

texts:
<mask> (born 4 December 1994) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Belgium national team. <mask> is a Genk youth academy product. Club career

<mask> joined the K.R.C. Genk youth academy from the Bocholt academy in 2010. He was promoted to the senior squad in 2012, making his first, albeit brief, debut on 13 May 2012 in a league match against K.A.A. Gent. The game ended 3–1 in favor of Gent.<mask> was introduced in the 87th minute, replacing Stef Peeters. Those three minutes were the only ones he played in the league that season. For several seasons, he was consistently sent out on loan. As a result, he didn't score his first league goal for Genk until over four years later, coming in a 4–1 away loss to K.V. Kortrijk on 25 September 2016. He was brought on as a substitute for Leon Bailey and scored in the 63rd minute, assisted by Bryan Heynen. In January 2013, <mask> was sent out on loan to Lommel United.In twelve league appearances, he scored seven goals. His debut for Lommel came on 3 February 2013 in a 1–0 away loss to Sint-Truiden. He was introduced as a substitute in the 63rd minute, coming on for Thomas Jutten. Arguably, the greatest game during his loan spell was his hat-trick in a 3–2 home victory over K.F.C. Dessel Sport, in front of 2000 fans at the Soevereinstadion. He scored one in the 11th minute, another in the 60th (from the penalty spot), and the last in the 74th. He was subbed off in the 88th minute.In July 2013, <mask> was loaned out to K.V.C. Westerlo. In 17 league appearances, he scored three goals. The first of these goals came on 9 August 2013 in a 2–0 away win over his former club Lommel United. He scored in the 74th minute. He made his debut on 3 August 2013 in a 2–2 home draw with A.F.C. Tubize.This was also his first start for the club. <mask> helped Westerlo to promotion to

In July 2014, <mask> was loaned out to Lommel United again. He continued his goal scoring form, finding the net 16 times in 33 league matches. He scored his second career hat-trick for Lommel on 22 March 2015 in a 6-0 demolition of Racing Mechelen. His goals came in the 33rd, 61st, and 69th minutes. That season, Lommel were only nine points off promotion back to the top flight. In July 2015, <mask> was loaned out again, this time to OH Leuven.In 30 league matches, he scored eight goals. He made his Leuven debut on 25 July 2015 in a 3–1 away loss to the club he had been loaned out from in Genk. Genk didn't enforce the rule of not allowing loanees to play against them, as he was brought off the bench in the 61st minute, replacing Yohan Croizet. His first league goal for Leuven came on 16 August 2015 in a 2–0 victory over Charleroi. He made an immediate impact off the bench. He was brought on for Yohan Croizet in the 82nd minute, and scored in the 85th. Brighton & Hove Albion
On 26 June 2019, Brighton agreed to sign <mask>, who joined on a four-year deal, becoming the club's second signing of the summer, following Matt Clarke’s arrival from Portsmouth.<mask> made his debut for The Seagulls on 17 August where he scored the equaliser in the 1–1 home draw against West Ham United. Earlier in the game he was denied a goal for offside by VAR. <mask> scored twice against Norwich in the 2019–20 season, one in the 2–0 home victory on 2 November 2019, and again in a crucial 1–0 away win on 4 July 2020 to help Brighton push further away from the bottom three. On 31 January 2021, <mask> scored the only goal in a 1–0 home win over Tottenham Hotspur to secure the Seagulls' first home league win of the 2020–21 season. <mask> played in Brighton's 1–0 away victory over defending champions Liverpool on 3 February claiming their first league win at Anfield since 1982, where he deflected Steven Alzate's shot back onto Alzate being awarded the assist in the only goal of the game. On 14 March 2021, <mask> scored the winner in a 2–1 away win over Southampton, sealing Brighton's first win over the Saints in Premier League history. <mask> scored the first goal of Brighton's come back from 2–0 down to beat champions Manchester City 3–2 on 18 May, with fans returning to football.<mask> scored his first goal of the 2021–22 season on 11 September, firing in a 90th-minute winner scoring the only goal of the game in the 1–0 away win over Premier League newcomers Brentford. He conceded a penalty by barging into Conor Gallagher away at Crystal Place in the first M23 derby of the season on 27 September,  where Wilfried Zaha converted the spot kick to take Palace 1–0 up at the break. However, Neal Maupay scored a 90+5th-minute equaliser to take a point back to the south coast. <mask> scored Brighton's equaliser away at Liverpool on 30 October, completing a stirring fightback, coming from 2–0 down to earn a 2–2 draw. International career
<mask> has been called up to the Belgium national football team on multiple occasions. Roberto Martinez first named him in the Belgium squad in September 2018, again one month later when <mask> had to withdraw through injury, <mask> remained on the bench again in March 2019. He made his debut on 5 September 2020 in a Nations League game against Denmark, he substituted Dries Mertens in the 80th minute of the 2–0 away victory.On his first international start, <mask> scored his first goal for his country also adding a second in a 8–0 crushing of Belarus in a 2022 World Cup qualifier on 30 March 2021. <mask> was named in Belgium's 26-man squad for Euro 2020 on 17 May 2021, with the tournament taken place in the summer of 2021 due to the previous year's postponement as a result of Coronavirus. He made his first appearance of the tournament in Belgium's final group match against Finland on 21 June with Belgium already through to the knockouts. <mask> started the match later being replaced by Thomas Meunier in the 75th minute of the 2–0 victory at the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg that secured the Belgian's top spot of Group B. This turned out to be his only game as Belgium were knocked out by Italy in the quarter final after a 2–1 defeat at the Allianz Arena in Munich on 2 July. In October 2021, <mask> was a part of Belgium's squad for the UEFA Nations League Finals in Italy. He made two substitute appearances where Belgium lost to France in the semi-final and losing again to Italy in the third-place match to come fourth.Career statistics

Club

International

''As of match played 16 November 2021. Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each Trossard goal. Honours
Genk
 Belgian First Division A: 2018–19
 Belgian Cup: 2012–13

Westerlo
 Belgian Second Division: 2013–14

References

External links

Belgium Stats at Belgian FA

1994 births
Living people
People from Maasmechelen
Belgian footballers
Association football defenders
K.R.C. Genk players
Lommel S.K. players
K.V.C. Westerlo players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Oud-Heverlee Leuven players
Belgian First Division A players
Belgian First Division B players
Premier League players
Belgium youth international footballers
Belgium under-21 international footballers
Belgium international footballers
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England

masks:
Leandro Trossard
Trossard
Genk Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard


title: Barbara Bates

texts:
<mask> (August 6, 1925 – March 18, 1969) was an American singer and actress, best known for her portrayal of Phoebe in the 1950 drama film All About Eve. and as Katy Morgan on It's a Great Life (1954-1956). Early life
The eldest of three daughters, <mask> was born in Denver, Colorado. While growing up in Denver, she studied ballet and worked as a teen fashion model. The shy teen was persuaded to enter a local beauty contest and won, receiving two round-trip train tickets to Hollywood, California. Two days before returning to Denver, <mask> met Cecil Coan, a United Artists publicist, who she would later marry. Career
In September 1944, 19 year old <mask> signed a contract with Universal Pictures after Cecil Coan introduced her to producer Walter Wanger.Soon after, she was cast as one of the "Seven Salome Girls" in the 1945 drama, Salome Where She Danced starring Yvonne De Carlo. Around this time, she fell in love with Coan, who was married with two sons and two daughters. In March 1945, Coan divorced his wife Helen Coan and secretly married <mask>, on March 25, 1945 in Chihuahua, México. <mask> spent the next few years as a stock actress, landing bit parts in movies and doing cheesecake layouts for magazines like Yank, the Army Weekly and Life. It was one of those photo sessions that caught the eye of executives at Warner Bros. who signed her in 1947. Warner Bros. highlighted her "girl-next-door" image and her acting career took off. She appeared with some of the biggest stars of the day including Bette Davis in June Bride and Danny Kaye in The Inspector General.In 1949, <mask>'s contract with Warner Bros. was terminated when she refused to go to New York City to promote The Inspector General. Despite being fired by Warner Brothers, she signed a contract with 20th Century-Fox later that year. In late 1949, <mask> auditioned for the small role of Phoebe in Fox's upcoming All About Eve. In competition for the part was Zsa Zsa Gabor and others, but <mask> impressed the producers and was given the part. She made a short but important appearance as the devious schemer, Phoebe, at the end of the film. <mask>'s image is enshrined in the film's last scene, posing in front of a three-way mirror, while holding the award won by her idol Eve Harrington, played by Anne Baxter. This memorable final scene left critics and audiences intrigued by the young actress, who they thought would star in a sequel to All About Eve.The Hollywood Reporter said of her performance, "<mask> comes on the screen in the last few moments to more or less sum up the whole action and point of the story. It's odd that a bit should count for so much, and in the hands of <mask> all the required points are fulfilled." After her appearance in All About Eve, <mask> co-starred in Cheaper by the Dozen, and its sequel Belles on Their Toes, with Jeanne Crain and Myrna Loy. In 1951, she landed a role opposite MacDonald Carey and Claudette Colbert in the comedy Let's Make It Legal. Fox refused to loan out <mask> for the role of the suicidal ballerina saved by Charlie Chaplin's aging vaudevillian in Limelight (1952). She co-starred with Donna Reed as the love interests of Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis in the 1953 hit comedy The Caddy. Decline
Despite a seemingly successful career, <mask>' life, both on and off screen, started unravelling.She became a victim of extreme mood swings, insecurity, ill health, and chronic depression. In 1954, she won the role of Cathy on the NBC sitcom It's a Great Life, co-starring Frances Bavier as her mother, Amy Morgan, and James Dunn as her uncle, Earl Morgan. After 26 episodes, she was written out of the show due to her erratic behavior, depression and instability. <mask> tried to salvage her career and traveled to England to find work. She was signed on as a contract player with the Rank Organisation, only to be replaced in two leading roles before filming began. <mask> continued to be too emotionally unstable to work and in 1957, her contract with the Rank Organisation was cancelled. Upon returning to the United States in 1957, <mask> and her husband got an apartment in Beverly Hills.Later that year, <mask> made her last film, Apache Territory, which was released in September 1958. She then appeared in two television commercials, one for floor wax and another endorsing a now unknown product with Buster Keaton. In 1960, <mask>'s husband Cecil Coan was diagnosed with cancer. <mask> put her career on hold to care for her ailing husband. The strain eventually became too much for her. She attempted suicide by slashing her wrists and was rushed to Cedars-Sinai Hospital where she soon recovered. She made her final onscreen appearance in an episode of The Saint that aired in November 1962.Later years and death
In January 1967, <mask>'s husband Cecil Coan died of cancer. Devastated by his death, <mask>'s depression worsened and she again became suicidal. Later that year, she returned to Denver and fell out of public view. For a time, <mask> worked as a secretary, as a dental assistant, and as a hospital aide. In December 1968 she married for the second time: to a childhood friend, sportscaster William Reed. Despite her new marriage and location, <mask> remained increasingly despondent and depressed. On March 18, 1969, just months after her marriage to Reed, <mask> committed suicide in her mother's garage by carbon monoxide poisoning.She was 43 years old. She is buried at  Crown Hill Cemetery in Jefferson County, Colorado. Filmography

See also

 List of American film actresses
 List of people from Denver, Colorado

References

External links

1925 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th Century Fox contract players
Actresses from Beverly Hills, California
Actresses from Denver
American expatriate actresses in the United Kingdom
American film actresses
American television actresses
Burials in Colorado
Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning
Suicides in Colorado
Warner Bros. contract players
1969 suicides

masks:
Barbara Jane Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Barbara Bates
Miss Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Bates
Barbara Bates


title: F. O. Oertel

texts:
<mask> (December 9, 1862 – February 22, 1942) was a German-born engineer, architect, and archaeologist. He is best known among Indian art historians and archaeologists for having excavated the archaeological site of Sarnath (India, Uttar Pradesh) in the winter of 1904–1905. It was here that in March 1905 he unearthed the Lion Capital of Ashoka of an Ashokan pillar, which was to become the national emblem of India. However, probably because he was mainly involved as a civil engineer and architect in the Public Works Department, his contributions to the fields of art history and archaeology are largely overlooked in the historiography of South Asian art and archaeology. Life

<mask> [<mask>] <mask> was born 9 December 1862 in Hannover, Germany. He renounced his German citizenship before leaving for India as a young man and was naturalised British. He married Margaret Haywood Lechmere (1882–1969) on 25 July 1903 with whom he had two children.Retiring around 1920, he returned to England and from 1921 added the name of his wife to his own,  thus publishing under the name of "<mask>. Lechmere-<mask>". He died in New York on 22 February 1942. India: 1883-1920

<mask> left Germany for India where he studied at the Thomason College of Civil Engineering  (now Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee). From March 1883 to March 1887 he was assistant engineer on railway and building construction for Indian Public Board, being posted to the North-Western Provinces and Oudh  before returning in 1887–1888 to England where he studied architecture under Richard Phené Spiers. On his way back to Europe he was nearly killed on 17 April 1887 when the P&O Tasmania (de) which he had boarded and which was sailing from Mumbai (Bombay) to Marseille sunk on the south-western coast of Corsica. <mask> then started upon a brilliant career in the Public Works Department, being first sent on diverse missions and then appointed in various locations.Sent by the Government of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh, in the winter of 1891–92 he surveyed the monuments and archaeological sites in North and Central India before reaching Rangoon in March 1892. Then, and in the following month, <mask> visited Mandalay, Amarapura and Sagaing from where he travelled down the Irrawaddy to Pagan and Prome (today Pyay). Back in Rangoon, he travelled South to Pegu (today Bago), Moulmein (today Mawlamyaing), Martaban (Mottama) and Thaton. On his return, he wrote a lengthy report illustrated with original photos which was published the following year. The photos which he took during this journey also illustrated George W. Bird's book Wanderings in Burma, published a few years later, along with photos by <mask> Beato. In 1900 he was sent to Sri Lanka by the Royal Asiatic Society to visit the Abhayagiri dagoba and make suggestions on the best way to preserve or restore it. As Executive Engineer in the "Buildings and Roads" branch of the Public Works Department, North-West Provinces and Oudh,  as from 1902, and as Superintending Engineer from 1908,  he was posted in various places of Uttar Pradesh  : from 1903 to 1907, he was in Benares, in 1908 he was located in Lucknow, and from 1909 to 1915, in Cawnpore; he was then sent to Shillong, Assam, where he remained up to 1920.Throughout this period he was also involved in supervising or participating in the construction of numerous buildings in Uttar Pradesh (Allahabad; Agra; Lucknow; Cawnpore). This firsthand experience helped him to formulate his opinion concerning the construction of the new capital at New Delhi, which he made public with a lecture delivered before the East India Association at Caxton Hall, Westminster, on 21 July 1913. Here he strongly urged that the architects of New Delhi should be inspired with a "really national Indian style". He was a member of various associations: the Institution of Civil Engineers (1889),  the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1900),  and the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (1908);  he also became Associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1888 and Fellow of the same institute in 1901. While posted at Benares, <mask> undertook several works, such as the construction of a road leading to Sarnath, construction of a shelter for the sculptures found at Sarnath, transfer of the images kept in the Queen's College to this site, and excavation of the site. Following his excavations, he was transferred to Agra – John Marshall, the then General Director of the Archaeological Survey of India, taking over the Sarnath excavations – where he worked on preservation of the Agra Fort in the years 1905–1906; in the year 1909–1910, he surveyed the Rikhian caves in Uttar Pradesh. During the Royal Tour of 1905–1906, <mask> guided the Prince and the Princess of Wales (later King George V and Queen Mary) around the Agra Fort on 18 December 1905 and accompanied the Princess on her visit of the Sarnath excavations while the Prince and the Princess were in Benares from 18 to 21 February 1906.In August 1908, he took part to the Fifteenth International Congress of Orientalists in Copenhagen, where he presented his excavations at Sarnath. In 1909, he was still on furlough in Europe where he visited glass factories in England, Germany, and Austria, publishing a short monograph on the topic in 1915, where he advocated that this industry should be developed in India. F.O<mask> then became Chief Engineer and Secretary to the Public Works Department of the Government of Assam and this position provoked debate, because <mask> was German by birth and that Germany and England were then at war. Contribution to Indian art and archaeology

Beside his report on the monuments of Burma published in 1893, <mask> is best known for the excavation of Sarnath done from December 1904 up to April 1905. Not only did he unearth the Maurya capital on 15 March but he also brought to light numerous major images dating from the 4th up to the 12th century. <mask> left Sarnath for Agra where another major task awaited him: the restoration of the Diwan-i-Amm and Jahangiri Mahal in the Agra Fort and the reconstruction of the four minarets of the south gateway of the Akbar tomb in Sikandra in 1905–1906 while also working on the compound of the Taj Mahal, all work undertaken under the impetus of Lord Curzon as preparation to the visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales.While in Agra he also conducted a more detailed study of the Moghol architecture of the city, as can be inferred from the Annual progress report by W.H. Nicholls. In 1909–1910, <mask> documented the sculptures of Yoginis at Rikhian (Rikhiyan) in Banda, now Chitrakoot district of Uttar Pradesh  and also took an interest in the monuments located at Garhwa in the Allahabad district. After India

He apparently returned to the United Kingdom in 1921, having retired from the Public Works Department; till around 1928, he lived in Teddington naming his house "Sarnath",  and gave lectures on India. In 1930, i.e. probably before departing for Abyssinia,  he donated to the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge numerous artefacts which he had collected as well as a large collection of gelatine photos which he had made while posted in India. Dr. C.W.Martin,  minister to the emperor Haile Selassie, whom he must have met in London, invited him to Abyssinia, where he lived from 1930 to 1932. In January 1933 he travelled to India where he spent three months with his daughter, showing her the country where he had lived; the journey concluded with a visit to his brother, Charles (Carl) Hermann <mask>, who was barrister-at-law in Lahore   where both <mask> and his daughter stayed one full month before returning to Cyprus, where he settled in July 1933. In the winter of 1935–1936 he travelled to Japan, staying in Nara. He then went to South America, probably visiting his daughter Joan, married to a Dr. R.L. Cheverton, whom she had met in Cyprus and who lived in the Falkland Islands. In December 1936 and January 1937, <mask> resided in Malta where a lengthy biographical paper was devoted to him by the Times of Malta in its issue of 16 December. While he was there he also delivered a lecture on Abyssinia at the University.He went back to England when his son married in 1938, meeting his wife for the last time before going to Portugal, the West Indies and Kingston, Jamaica and New York, where he arrived in June 1940. Bibliography of <mask>'s publications (chronological)
 A Tour in Burma in March and April 1892, Rangoon: Supt. Of Govt. Printing, Burma, 1893, (reprint:) White Orchid Press, Bangkok, 1995. Report on the Restoration of Ancient Monuments of Anuradhapura, Ceylon, Colombo: George Justin Athelstan (GJA) Skeen, 1903. (13 pages), republished in: S. M. Burrows & F.O. Oertel,  Reports on archaeological work in Anuradhapura and Pollonnaruwa 1886–1903, Colombo: G.J.A.Skeen, n.d.
 "Excavations at Sarnath", Archaeological Survey of India Annual Report for the Year 1904–1905, pp. 59–104 (with the note on sculptures and inscriptions mainly due to J.Ph. Vogel as mentioned in footnote 1 p. 78). Separately reprinted as: Buddhist Ruins of Sarnath near Benares, Calcutta: Supdt Govt Press, 1908 (1908b). Nicholls, W.H., "(1) Conservation of Muhammadan buildings in the United Provinces and Panjab and at Ajmer", Annual Progress Report of the Archaeological Surveyor, Northern Circle, for the year ending 31st March 1906, pp. 17–28. Includes long quotes from <mask>'s report on his work at the Fort of Agra."Some remarks on the excavations at Sarnath carried out in the year 1904-5", The Indian Antiquary, vol. 37, 1908, pp. 277–280. A paper read at the Fifteenth International Congress of Orientalists in Copenhagen, August 1908. "Indian architecture and its suitability for modern requirements: a paper read before the East India Association with discussion", The Asiatic Quarterly Review, New Series, vol. II/3 & 4, July–October 1913, pp. 376–406.A paper read at the East India Association at Caxton Hall, Westminster, on July 21, 1913. Notes on the glass industry in Europe made in the course of some tours through the glassmaking districts of England, Germany and Austria, Allahabad: Luker, 1915. "The Story of an Ethiopian, Azaj Wargneh C. Martin", The Times of Malta, 27 December 1936, pp. 9–10. Bibliography

 Annual Progress report of the Superintendent of the Archaeological Survey, Northern Circle for the year ending 31st March 1910, Lahore: Punjab Economical Press. Bird, George W., Wanderings in Burma, With Illustrations and Maps, Bournemouth/London: F.J. Bright & Son/Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd., 1897.Cheverton, R.L. (Mrs), "From Friedrichshafen to Rio de Janeiro, A Trip By The 'Graf Zeppelin'", The Times of Malta,20 December 1936, pp. 8–9. Dehejia, Vidya, Yogini Cult and Temples, A Tantric Tradition, New Delhi: National Museum, Janpath, 1986. Directory of British Architects 1834–1914, volume 2: L-Z, London: Continuum (Royal Institute of British Architects), 2001, pp. 27–28. "India's Glass Trade", The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Adviser, 14 June 1915, p. 7 (https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepressb19150614-1.2.46.aspx).Guha, Sudeshna (ed.) 2010, The Marshall Albums, Photography and Archaeology, London/New Delhi/Ocean Township, NJ: The Alkazi Collection of Photography in association with Mapin Publishing, 2010. List of Associate Members of the Institution of Civil Engineers, London: Institution of Civil Engineers, 1904 (https://web.archive.org/web/20131020063425/http://home.ancestry.co.uk/). "List of Members of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland": included in the 1903 to 1938 issues of The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Metcalf, Thomas R., An imperial vision. Indian architecture and Britain's Raj, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. National Probate Calendar for 1942 (http://www.ancestry.co.uk/cs/uk/probate)."Notes of the Quarter (April, May, June, 1901)", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, July 1901, pp. 619–644. "Some Interesting Experiences, Mr. <mask>. Lechmere-<mask>el", Times of Malta nr 414, 16 December 1936, pp. 9–10, and "Conducting Royalty Round", Times of Malta, 19 December 1936, p. 11. "Suitability of Indian Architecture for the New Delhi", The Building News and Engineering Journal, vol. 105, No 3055, July 25, 1913, p. 106."The Fifteenth International Congress of Orientalists at Copenhagen, August 14–20, 1908", The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review and Oriental and Colonial Record, third series, volume XXVI, Nos 51 & 52, July–October 1908, Woking: The Oriental Institute, pp. 335–338. The India List and India Office List for 1902, compiled from official records by direction of the secretary of state for India in council, London: Harrison and Sons, 1902. (https://archive.org/stream/indialistandind00offigoog#page/n14/mode/2up) (retrieved on 22 July 2013). The India List and India Office List for 1905, compiled from official records by direction of the secretary of state for India in council 1905, London: Harrison and Sons, 1905. The R.I.B.A. Kalendar 1888–89, London: The Royal Institute of British Architects, 1888 (http://www.theoriginalrecord.com/ retrieved 23 July 2013)."Personalnachrichten", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, volume 62, 1908, p. LVI. Tour of His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales, India, 1905–1906, Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co., n.d.
 Vogel, J.Ph., "Part I. Departmental Notes",  Annual Progress Report of the Superintendent of the Archaeological Survey, Northern Circle for the Year ending 31st March 1910, Lahore: Punjab Economical Press, pp. 1–6. Documentation
 The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Cambridge lists some 564 photos and 307 objects donated in 1931 by <mask>el (http://maa.cam.ac.uk/maa/). 880 lantern slides having belonged to him are preserved since 1967 in the British Library, London (http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/indiaofficeselect/PhotoShowDescs.asp?CollID=470). Papers from Margaret Heywood Lechmere-<mask> are kept in the Bodleian Library, Oxford since 1967 (http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/oertel/oertel.html). References

External links
 http://www.jaeger-oberursel.de/

1862 births
1942 deaths
Archaeologists from Lower Saxony
People of British India
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Archaeology of India
German emigrants to England
British archaeologists
British civil engineers
Architects from Hanover

masks:
Friedrich Oscar Oertel
Friedrich
Frederick
Oscar Emanuel Oertel
F O
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Felice
Oertel
Oertel
. Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
Oertel
F O
Oert
Oert
Oertel


title: Ballaios

texts:
<mask> (; ; ruled  167 135 BC or  195 175 BC) was an Illyrian king of the Illyrian tribe of the Ardiaei. <mask> was not mentioned by any ancient writers. He is considered to have been a powerful and influential king as testified by the abundance of his silver and bronze coinage found along both coasts of the Adriatic. His silver issues are rare, but bronze coins, without the royal title, occur on Hvar, both in single finds and in hoards, and at Rhizon in a different series bearing the royal title. In the city of Ulcinj there is still a fully functioning water source bearing his name: "Kroni i Ballos". The coins of Ballaios were widely imitated in the region, sometimes so crudely that they are unintelligible. <mask> reigned from his capital at Rhizon, a strong and well fortified city.The dating of his reign has been much disputed but he seems to have ruled after the defeat of Gentius in 168 BC by the Romans. Identification

<mask> was not mentioned by any ancient writers, of his time or those of later eras. Ballaois was a king attested on coins found on both coasts of the Adriatic. Hence had he been documented by Polybius or Livy, he would have no doubt been called an 'Illyrian king'. He is currently interpreted as an Illyrian ruler documented solely on his coins. Whilst the abundance of his coinage in the region would suggest that he was a very influential figure there is no literary or historical evidence of his existence. The coins of the well-known Illyrian king Gentius are scarce in comparison to the coins of Ballaios.<mask> appears to have ruled at Queen Teuta's old stronghold, Rhizon (now Risan). At the time the region was part of the Roman republic and the Ardiaean State had been dissolved since the time of Gentius. According to the opinion of the majority of modern scholars, he inherited the Ardiaean State of Gentius after 168 BC. <mask> might have been involved in the Roman campaign against the Delmatae in 156 BC, and even taken part in the wars. <mask> seems to have had a conflict with Pharos or  an Illyrian dynast after 168 BC. Such assumptions seemed to some scholars to find confirmation in Livy's narrative concerning the Third Illyrian War. Livy mentions that after his defeat, Gentius sent two envoys from among the prominent tribal leaders as ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Roman L. Anicius.The names of these ambassadors were Teuticus and Bellus, and the historian Hasan Ceka hypothesized that the name of Bellus might have been an incorrect transcription for <mask>. Ceka's proposal was accepted by many historians, although from the linguistic point of view this identification is very problematic. The argument would not carry much weight even if the envoy was called <mask>. The Romans annihilated the Ardiaean State and founded three administrative regions in which there was no place for a king, so an envoy could not have inherited the throne. According to the proposal put forward by Giovanni Gorini, <mask> would have reigned from 195 BC to 175 BC. No descendants or successors of Pinnes are known from historical sources. Ballaios could in theory have been  an immediate successor of Pinnes, but in any case he was the king of the Ardiaean State.It is impossible to know exactly when Ballaios began to reign. according to the numismatic evidence some time around the start of the century, but most probably he was a contemporary of either Pleuratus III or Gentius. Weighty arguments speak against the thesis that he would have reigned after 168 BC and the division of Illyria into three parts, as his reign has been traditionally dated. Also <mask> must have died at least some time before the fall of Gentius, since Gentius was in possession of Rhizon before his defeat. The inhabitants of Rhizon were awarded immunity by the Romans because they had abandoned Gentius While he was still in power. Why <mask> was not mentioned in historical sources could be explained by the fact that his political importance and influence could not match that of Pleuratus III or Gentius. Gentius and Ballaios had two different centres of power.After the defeat of the Ardiaean State in 168 BC, there would have been no place for a king or even a local ruler. Coinage

<mask> minted coins in his own name. His coins with the long legend ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΒΑΛΛΑΙΟΥ (βασιλέως Βαλλαίου) were minted in Rhizon while the coins with the short legend ΒΑΛΛΑΙΟΥ and the head of the king <mask> which is of a different type and are older, were minted in Pharos. In some cases it is possible to observe that <mask>' coins were over struck on the older Pharos specimens. The distribution of his coinage indicates that they were concentrated in the central Dalmatian area, while the large number of different dies that have been identified to date indicates a long minting of his coins. Numismatic evidence shows that <mask> reigned for quite a lengthy time. His coins are also frequently found in Italy, which confirms the trade contacts between both Adriatic coasts.On the obverse of the coins a bust of the king facing left to right is depicted, while on the reverse Artemis, advancing or standing, is represented with or without a torch, sometimes carrying one or two spears, surrounded by either the long or short legend. Most of these coins are bronze, some, and always those with the long legend are silver. Their weight, c. 3.5g corresponds top the Roman victorium. It is significant the Ballaios also had silver coins minted, which indicates his wealth and power, since elsewhere in Hellenistic Dalmatia silver coinage is very rarely documented from Greek/Illyrian mints. The weight of the bronze coins of Ballaios is between 1.0 and 4.5g, while most of the documented specimens weigh between 2.0 and 2.5g. The relatively great impact of the coinage of <mask> is also indicated by a large number of imitations of his coins. In several instances on some coins, an embossed circular Illyrian shield on one side and the flying horse Pegasus, a mythological creature, and the letter "B", "A" and "L" on the other side, are depicted.Ballaios' coins were in circulation in the regions along both Adriatic coasts; along the eastern Adriatic, they have been found in a broad area extending from Phoenice in Epirus to Shkodër, in present-day Albania, to Pharos, and along the western Adriatic from Leuca and Locri to Aquileia, indicating trade activity of Ballaios that was no longer controlled by Issa. As expected the coins of Ballaios were also found in the broad area of Narona, the most important Greek/Illyrian emporium which maintained along with the river Neretva, commercial and other contacts with the interior regions or Illyricum. The first to divide the coins of Ballaios into two groups was Arthur J. Evans, who distinguished the Rhizon group and the Pharos group, and dated both in the period between 167 BC and 135 BC. Josip Brunsmid was the next to discuss the coins of Ballaios. He agreed with Evans on the late chronology of the coins, postulating that Ballaios had possessed a part of the island of Pharos with a mint. He thus doubted that Rhizon then in Roman possession could have been a royal residence and a mint. Ivan Marovic, who maintained that both types had been struck on Pharos, proposed a different division of Ballaios' coins than that of Evans.He distinguished two groups of each of the two types with and without the legal title, a group with the head of Ballaios to the right and a group with the head to the left, giving precedence to the obverse rather than the reverse. However, later excavation at Rhizon, have uncovered new coins of Ballaios, which confirmed the hypothesis that of a mint having been located in Rhizon. In June 2010 at the site of the customs house in Rhizon, 4600 coins of king <mask> were discovered, placed in a bowl-like pot. Gorini supposed, on the basis of a few silver coins that were found in Rhizon which bear the long legend with the regal title, that Rhizon had been the capital of Ballaios' state. On those coins, Artemis is depicted as advancing to the left, and is similar to the goddess depicted on Acarnanian coins dated to around 200 BC. <mask> may have well begun to mint his coins based on Acarnanian coinage designs. Political and economic relations between Illyrian monarchs and various Greek regions, as well as even marriage ties between Illyrian and Greek kings and queens were hardly exceptional.The finding of Ballaios coins along with other Illyrian and Greeks coins in Bari in southern Italy has made Gorini date the deposition of the hoard, which may have been a votive offering, to c.125 BC. Other sites where the coinage of Ballaios has been found in an archaeological context is in the city of Daorson. See also
List of rulers of Illyria
Illyrian coinage

References

Bibliography

Illyrian royalty
2nd-century BC rulers in Europe
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown

masks: Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios Ballaios


title: Christian Walton

texts:
<mask> (born 9 November 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for League One side Ipswich Town. He has represented England at under-19, under-20 and under-21 levels. Club career

Plymouth Argyle
Born in Wadebridge, Cornwall, <mask> began his career with Plymouth Argyle aged 10 and progressed through the club's youth system. He was named in a matchday squad for the first time three days after his 16th birthday for an FA Cup first round tie against Stourbridge, in which he remained an unused substitute, the match finishing 3–3. Brighton & Hove Albion
On 15 February 2013, <mask> signed for Championship club Brighton & Hove Albion, where he completed his scholarship, before signing a three-year professional contract in the summer of 2013. He was twice an unused substitute in consecutive matches in the 2013–14 season, a 3–1 win at home to Leicester City on 7 December, prior to a 1–0 win away to Middlesbrough one week later. Ahead of the 2014–15 season, <mask> signed a new four-year contract with the club on 8 July 2014.He was an unused substitute on the opening day of the season in a 1–0 defeat at home to Sheffield Wednesday. <mask> made his professional debut for Brighton aged 18 in a 2–0 defeat away to Tottenham Hotspur in the League Cup fourth round on 29 October 2014. He made his Football League debut six days later in a 1–0 win at home to Wigan Athletic. <mask> made his second consecutive start in a 1–1 draw at home to Blackburn Rovers on 8 November. He returned to the starting lineup on the final day of the season in a 0–0 draw away to Middlesbrough, his first appearance since November. In addition to his four appearances for Brighton, <mask> also kept two clean sheets. Bury (loan)
On 21 July 2015, <mask> signed for newly promoted League One club Bury on a season-long loan.He made his debut for Bury in a 1–1 draw at home to Doncaster Rovers on the opening day of the 2015–16 season. <mask> returned to Brighton on 1 September due to an underlying groin injury, having made six appearances for Bury. Plymouth Argyle (loan)
On 19 November 2015, <mask> joined former club Plymouth Argyle on loan until 3 January 2016 as cover for the injured Luke McCormick. He made his Plymouth debut in a 2–1 defeat at home to arch-rivals Exeter City two days later. <mask> started in three further matches, and returned to Brighton upon the expiration of his loan spell. Luton Town (loan)
On 24 June 2016, <mask> signed for League Two club Luton Town on a season-long loan, linking back up with Nathan Jones who was first-team coach for his first three years at Brighton. He made his Luton debut on the opening day of the 2016–17 season in a 3–0 win away to Plymouth Argyle.<mask> saved a penalty from Vadaine Oliver during a 0–0 draw away to Notts County on 29 October to keep a clean sheet for Luton, which extended the club's unbeaten league run to seven matches and earned him a place in the English Football League Team of the Week. He was recalled by Brighton on 31 January 2017 following an injury to fellow goalkeeper Niki Mäenpää, having made 33 appearances for Luton and conceded the fewest goals in League Two during his loan spell. Southend  United (loan)
On 1 April 2017, <mask> signed for League One club Southend United on an emergency loan for an initial seven days as cover for Ted Smith who had sustained a wrist injury. He debuted later that day in a 3–0 victory at home to Oldham Athletic. It was agreed for <mask>'s loan to be extended by a further week as the club were still without a fit goalkeeper. The goalkeeping situation remained unchanged and therefore the loan was extended by a further week once more. <mask>'s loan was extended again to enable him to play in Southend's final match of 2016–17, and completed the loan spell with seven appearances.Wigan Athletic (loan)
On 12 July 2017, <mask> signed for League One club Wigan Athletic on a season-long loan. He made his debut for Wigan on the opening day of 2017–18 in a 1–0 victory away to Milton Keynes Dons. <mask> finished the loan with 35 appearances, as Wigan won the League One title and promotion to the Championship. He re-signed for Wigan on 22 June 2018 on another season-long loan until June 2019, with a recall option in January. <mask> played in Wigan's first game back in the Championship on 4 August 2018 in a 3–2 home victory over Sheffield Wednesday. Parent club Brighton did not take up the option to recall <mask> in January. On 22 April 2019 <mask> kept a clean sheet in a 2–0 home win over local rivals, Preston which secured Wigan's Championship status.Blackburn Rovers (loan)
<mask> joined another Championship club, Blackburn Rovers, on 23 July 2019 on loan for the 2019–20 season. <mask> played in the opening game of the season making his debut in a 2–1 home loss to Charlton. <mask> played in all 46 league matches of the season where Blackburn finished 11th in the table. Back at Brighton

<mask> played in Brighton's pre season friendly against Chelsea on 29 August 2020 where he came on as a half time substitute for Maty Ryan. However, he injured his ankle after an awkward landing from a save and was stretchered off and replaced by Robert Sánchez in an eventual 1–1 home draw. On 13 January 2021, <mask> made a Premier League match day squad for the first time being named on the bench in the 1–0 away loss at Manchester City. He made his first appearance for Brighton in over five-and-a-half years on 23 January, playing in the 2–1 fourth round FA Cup home victory over Blackpool.He played in Brighton's fifth round tie almost three weeks later on 10 February conceding a 90+4 minute header from Kelechi Iheanacho to knock Brighton out in the 1–0 away loss at Leicester City. He was on the bench in Brighton's 2–0 away victory over Cardiff City in the EFL Cup second round on 24 August, in Albions third game of the 2021–22 season. Ipswich Town
On 30 August 2021, <mask> joined Ipswich Town on a season-long loan, marking his eighth loan and seventh loan club during his time at Brighton. He made his debut on 11 September, a home game against Bolton which ended in a 5–2 defeat for Ipswich Town. Prior to Ipswich's next match against Lincoln City he picked up a adductor injury which ruled him out of action for over a month. He made his second appearance for the club on 19 October after the spell out injured, keeping a clean sheet in the 4–0 away victory over Portsmouth. <mask> played in the 0–0 second round FA Cup draw at home against League Two side Barrow on 4 December, in which manager Paul Cook was later dismissed.He played in the replay on 15 December in which Ipswich lost 2–0 at Barrow and were knocked out of the competition. On 19 January 2022, having established himself as the club's first choice keeper, <mask>'s loan was made permanent with him signing a two and a half year contract. International career
<mask> was called up to the England under-19 team for a friendly against Turkey on 5 March 2014. He entered the match as a 76th-minute substitute for Mitchell Beeney, the match finishing a 3–0 win. <mask> received his first call-up to the England under-20 team for a friendly against Romania, in which he won his first cap. He was first called up to the England under-21 team on 25 August 2015 for their matches against the United States under-23 team and Norway under-21 team. However, he was forced to withdraw from the squad six days later after sustaining a groin injury playing for Bury in a 1–1 draw with Oldham Athletic.<mask> received his next under-21 call-up on 3 October 2016 for two 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification matches against Kazakhstan and Bosnia and Herzegovina. He won his first cap and kept a clean sheet in England's 5–0 win over Bosnia and Herzegovina on 11 October. Career statistics

HonoursWigan Athletic'
EFL League One: 2017–18

References

External links
<mask> profile at the Football Association website

1995 births
Living people
People from Wadebridge
Footballers from Cornwall
English footballers
England youth international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Southend United F.C.players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
English Football League players

masks:
Christian Timothy Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
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Walton
Walton
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Walton
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Walton
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Walton
Christian Walton


title: Kenneth Davis (American football)

texts:
<mask> (born April 16, 1962) is a former professional American football running back who played for the NFL's Green Bay Packers from 1986–1988 and the Buffalo Bills from 1989–1994. College career
Before his NFL career, <mask> played for Texas Christian University from 1982–1985. As a junior, he rushed for 1,611 yards (#3 in the NCAA) and 16 touchdowns, earning him a first team selection on the College Football All-America Team. He also had the 5th most votes of all candidates for the Heisman Trophy that year. His 1,611 rushing yards were a school record, and remained so until LaDainian Tomlinson rushed for 1,850 yards in 1999. He missed all but the first game of his senior season when he was suspended (along with six teammates) after confessing he received cash payments from boosters, but he finished his college career with an impressive 2,904 yards and 24 touchdowns. He left TCU second in school history in rushing yards and rushing touchdowns.NFL career
Considered a potential first-round draft pick in the 1986 NFL Draft by Mel Kiper and Gil Brandt, <mask> decided to join the NFL one year early after his suspension from TCU. However, he was denied as he had already played one game that year; under the "Red Grange Rule", players are not allowed to play college and NFL football in the same year. In an attempt to force the NFL to allow a special supplemental draft, <mask> and agent Michael Trope prepared to sue the league for $13 million; Trope pointed to Florida State running back Roosevelt Snipes, who was kicked off the FSU roster before the 1985 season and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the supplemental draft, as an exception to the rule. NFL Commissioner Pete Rozelle rejected <mask> again and the league filed a counter-suit to ensure the Grange Rule was legal. <mask> accepted the ruling and tried to drop the case, but attorney Steven Knowles filed the suit anyway, unaware of <mask>' decision. After the matter was cleared, <mask> waited until 1986 to enter the league, and he was selected by the Packers in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he was the team's leading rusher with 519 yards, returned 12 kickoffs for 231 yards, and caught 21 passes for 142 yards.In 1987, he was their leading rusher again, although he only rushed for 413 yards. <mask> played only 9 games with the Packers in 1988 due to injuries, and signed with the Bills after the season ended. With the Bills, <mask> proved to be a superb complement to star running back Thurman Thomas, and a great asset to the team overall. In 1990, he rushed for 302 yards on just 64 carries (a 4.7 yards per carry average), caught 9 passes for 78 yards, and scored 5 touchdowns, assisting his team to Super Bowl XXV, where they lost to the New York Giants. In the game, <mask> rushed for 4 yards and caught 2 passes for 23 yards. The following season, he rushed for 624 yards, caught 20 passes for 118 yards, returned 4 kickoffs for 73 yards, and assisted Buffalo to their second consecutive Super Bowl appearance. They lost Super Bowl XXVI to the Washington Redskins 37–24, but <mask> had a good performance, leading the team with 17 rushing yards and catching 4 passes for 38 yards.He would get the start in that game, because star running back Thurman Thomas could not find his helmet. In 1992, <mask> had the best season of his career. He rushed for 613 yards, caught 15 passes for 80 yards, returned 14 kickoffs for 251 yards, and scored a career-high 6 touchdowns. But he is best remembered for his superb performance in the post season. In Buffalo's wild card game against the Houston Oilers, Thomas was knocked out of the game early with a hip injury, and Houston built up a 28–3 first half lead. Then, they increased it to 35–3 early in the third quarter when backup quarterback Frank Reich's pass was intercepted and returned for a touchdown. But in what became known as The Comeback, Buffalo stormed back and won the game 41–38 in overtime; the rally from the 32-point deficit was the largest comeback in NFL history.<mask> was instrumental in the Bills victory, rushing for 68 yards, catching 2 passes for 25 yards, and scoring the first touchdown of the game for Buffalo. One week later, the Bills traveled on the road to face the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Playoffs, with Thomas back but playing hurt, <mask> did a superb job carrying the offense, rushing for 104 yards and a touchdown on just 10 carries in the Bills 24–3 win. Then the Bills advanced to their 3rd consecutive Super Bowl by defeating the Miami Dolphins 29–10 in the AFC title game. Thomas had recovered enough to regain his spot on the starting lineup, but <mask> was still a major factor in Buffalo's victory. He rushed for 61 yards and a touchdown while also catching 4 passes for 52 yards. The Bills lost Super Bowl XXVII 52–17, but <mask> had a great game. He was the Bills leading rusher with 86 yards, while also catching 3 passes for 16 yards and returning a kickoff for 21 yards.<mask> was major contributor for Buffalo for the 1993 season as the team advanced to their 4th consecutive Super Bowl. He rushed for 391 yards, caught 21 passes for 95 yards, and gained 100 yards on kickoff returns. After his team lost Super Bowl XXVIII to the Dallas Cowboys 30–13, he spent one more season with Buffalo and then retired in 1995. <mask> finished his 9 NFL seasons with 823 carries for 3,513 rushing yards (4.3 yards per carry), 135 receptions for 878 yards, 42 kickoff returns for 707 yards, and 32 touchdowns (27 rushing and 5 receiving). He now is the Athletic Director and former head football coach at Bishop Dunne Catholic School in Dallas, Texas. References

External links
<mask>' stats at pro-football-reference.com
<mask>'s stats at databasefootball.com

1962 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football running backs
Buffalo Bills players
Green Bay Packers players
NCAA sanctions
TCU Horned Frogs football players
Players of American football from Texas
People from Temple, Texas
Temple High School (Texas) alumni

masks:
Kenneth Earl Davis
Davis
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title: Zlatko Hasanbegović

texts:
<mask> (; born 14 June 1973) is a Croatian politician and historian who has served as a member of the Croatian Parliament since 2016. He served as Minister of Culture in the cabinet of Tihomir Orešković from 22 January to 19 October 2016. Hasanbegović is also a member of the Zagreb Assembly and one of the founders of the Independents for Croatia party. As a historian, Hasanbegović's interests are relations between the modern Croatian ideologies, especially pravaštvo (Croatian nationalist ideology) and its relations towards Islam in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 19th and 20th centuries. He researches Muslim elements of the Croatian bourgeois culture until 1945 and relations of political parties as well as religious and national relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the Austro-Hungarian occupation until the communist takeover. He was an associate of the Institute of Humanities Ivo Pilar. From 2019, he is the president of the Bloc for Croatia political party.Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on 14 June 1973 in Zagreb to ethnic Bosniak parents Zumreta <mask> (née Prohić) from Gračanica and <mask> from Bosanska Gradiška. His mother's side of the family moved from Gračanica (modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina) to the Croatian capital of Zagreb in 1941. His maternal grandfather, Sabrija Prohić, was a rich industrialist with properties across the former Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, the Prohić family helped hide a Jewish girl from Gračanica in their house in Zagreb. <mask>'s grandparents Sabrija and Safeta Prohić, along with his aunt and uncle Esma and Avdo Prohić, were posthumously named Righteous Among the Nations by Israel in 2018. Hasanbegović was forbidden from attending the award ceremony. After the war, they were accused for smuggling foreign currency and arrested by the Communists.Sabrija Prohić tried to escape to Argentina, but was caught and later killed as a class enemy, while their entire property was confiscated. Hasanbegović finished elementary and high school in Zagreb, after which he enrolled in Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences where he graduated in history. He gained his doctorate at the same Faculty in 2009 in the field of history under the supervision of Ivo Goldstein. Career
Hasanbegović is working as a research associate at the Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences. He is the editor of Pilar journal, member of executive committee of the Majlis of Zagreb's Muslim community,

He is president of the Supervisory Board of the Honorary Bleiburg Platoon, an organisation which is the main organizer of the Bleiburg commemoration, and associate of various initiatives for the determination of victims of communism. The subject of his interest is the relation of modern Croatian nationalist ideology, in particular the Party of Rights and its present-day offshoots, Islam in Croatia and Islam in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the 19th and 20th centuries. Hasanbegović researched the Muslim component of Croatian bourgeois culture until 1945 and the political and ethno-religious relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 1878 Austro-Hungarian rule until the communist takeover in the 1940s.Hasanbegović has published Croatian translations of several essays: Against Democracy and Equality: The European New Right by Tomislav Sunić, The Holocaust Industry by Norman Finkelstein, Intellectual Terrorism by Jure Vujić, Communism and Nazism by Alain de Benoist, and Wahhabism by Hamid Algar. He entered politics in his youth when he was a member of the Croatian Pure Party of Rights (HČSP). In 2015 he joined the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ). On 8 May 2015 during the Otvoreno show on Croatian Radiotelevision Hasanbegović stated that anti-fascism is not in the foundations of the Constitution of Croatia; "Croatian War of Independence is the only war in the 20th century from which Croats came out as true winners and the only basis on which Croatia should be built. Ghosts and goblins of the past will cause a permanent rift and endless debate. Anti-fascism is not the foundation of Croatia, but a platitude that has no basis in the constitutional text, not being mentioned anywhere." Deputy Speaker of the Parliament and professor of constitutional law Robert Podolnjak from the governing Bridge of Independent Lists party, among many others, posited that anti-fascism is in the foundations of the Constitution of Croatia.Hasanbegović said that his remarks about anti-fascism were related to the Yugoslav totalitarian legacy and Titoism: "All who abuse the notion of anti-fascism, which can be fluid, as is well-known to historians, know that various meanings can be attributed to that notion. Stalin, Tito, Pol Pot and also U.S. General Patton were anti-fascists. Everyone knows that those were different persons. We are not talking about abstract anti-fascism but about the particular Yugoslav Communist totalitarian legacy." His political positions have been described in media as right wing or far-right. Minister of Culture
On 22 January 2016, Hasanbegović was appointed as Minister of Culture by Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković. A part of the cultural workers expressed their dissatisfaction mainly due to his comments about anti-fascism and his lack of experience in management of culture.Civic initiative Platform 112, which brings together 70 NGOs, held a protest in front of the Parliament on the day when the new Government was approved, urging MPs to vote against the cabinet of Tihomir Orešković because of Hasanbegović. The Croatian Journalists' Association issued a statement in which they strongly opposed the nomination of Hasanbegović as Minister of Culture. The Israel-based Simon Wiesenthal Center urged the Government of Croatia to dismiss Hasanbegović, saying he took a disdainful attitude towards Croatian resistance to fascism during World War II. The Croatian Helsinki Committee (HHO) and the Initiative EU 1481 of Matica hrvatska dismissed the accusations against Hasanbegović as unfounded. Hasanbegović stated that the protests against him were not supported by any facts but based on a selective use of his different statements. During this period, a video from 2012 appeared in which he openly refers to the ousting of the Nazi Independent State of Croatia (NDH) as the "biggest national tragedy and defeat" for Croatia. Hasanbegović said about the video that he would not apologize for his words.As one of his first moves as minister, Hasanbegović announced that there is no need for the continuation of Government funding of any non-profit media. The International and European Federations of Journalists joined their affiliates in Croatia, the HND and the Trade Union of Croatian Journalists (Sinoh) in condemning this decision, as well as the Hasanbegović's dissolution of the Expert Committee for non-profit media before the end of its mandate. Under the new budget for 2016, the Government of Croatia stopped funding certain cultural projects and non-profit media, which Hasanbegović described as "racket money", adding that tax-payers' money will no longer be distributed in a non-transparent way for neither the left-wing nor right-wing media. In May, he signed a cooperation deal with Hungary's Minister Zoltán Balog. At the 17th electoral convention of the HDZ, Hasanbegović was elected to the HDZ Presidency and received most votes. After Croatian Parliament supported motion of no confidence against Prime Minister Orešković, his whole Cabinet resigned while the Parliament dismissed itself which led to new election. On 2016 parliamentary election, Hasanbegović was elected to the Parliament as HDZ's candidate.In the aftermath, newly elected president of HDZ, Andrej Plenković, formed a new government with new Minister of Culture being Nina Obuljen Koržinek and not Hasanbegović for which he expressed his dissatisfaction. Later political career
In May 2017, Hasanbegović decided to participate in the Zagreb local elections on the independent list of Bruna Esih, who ran against the official HDZ candidate. Hasanbegović also criticized the HDZ leader Andrej Plenković, saying that his path "is wrong and leads to moral quagmire". The HDZ soon announced that Hasanbegović was evicted from the party. The independent list won 8.23% of the vote in the local election and Hasanbegović became a member of the Zagreb Assembly. Following the elections, <mask> and Esih formed a new political party, the Independents for Croatia. The new party formed a majority in the assembly with the incumbent Mayor Milan Bandić, provided the name of Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square was changed to Republic of Croatia Square.In 2019, following a split with Esih, he became the president of the newly founded Bloc for Croatia political party. Controversy
In 1996, Hasanbegović wrote at least two articles in the magazine Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, named after the fascist Independent State of Croatia (NDH), in which he glorified the Ustashas as heroes and martyrs. The magazine was edited by the far-right Croatian Liberation Movement (HOP) and Hasanbegović was described as a young HOP member in it. Commenting on his texts from 1996 twenty years later, Hasanbegović said that the crimes of the Ustashas were "the biggest moral lapse" of the Croatian people in their history, adding: "Using totally peripheral statements I made as a student more than 20 years ago and taking them out of context is nothing but political manipulation". He also denied that he was ever a member of the Croatian Liberation Movement. In 1993, Hasanbegović posed for a photo in Split at an event of the 9th Battalion of the Croatian Defence Forces (HOS), the Croatian Party of Rights' paramilitary (1991–92), wearing a cap with what is allegedly an Ustasha Militia badge. The photograph's resurfacing in 2016 and its circulation in the Croatian media caused major backlash.Hasanbegović denied he was wearing an Ustasha cap, claiming the photo had been manipulated and that he wore a black cap of the HOS. A similar or identical cap, with an Ustasha badge, was worn by some members of the 9th HOS Battalion during their gatherings in the 1990s. In 1998, he took part in demonstrations organized by pro-fascist groups against the renaming of Zagreb's Croatian Nobles Square to the Square of the Victims of Fascism. Hasanbegović commented that he was not connected to the organizers of the protests, and that he joined every protest in Zagreb in the 1990s. Publications
 Muslims in Zagreb, 1878-1945. The Era of the Foundation; Majlis of the Islamic Community Zagreb - Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, 2007. Yugoslav Muslim Organisation 1929-1941 (In War and Revolution 1941-1945); Bosniac National Community - Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar" – Majlis of the Islamic Community Zagreb, Zagreb, 2012.References

External links

1973 births
Croatian Muslims
Croatian historians
Living people
Politicians from Zagreb
Croatian Democratic Union politicians
University of Zagreb alumni
Culture ministers of Croatia
Representatives in the modern Croatian Parliament
Croatian nationalists
Writers from Zagreb

masks:
Zlatko Hasanbegović
Zlatko
Hasanbegović
Hasanbegović
Ibrahim Hasanbegović
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Hasanbegović


title: Greg Mitchell

texts:
<mask> (born 1947) is an American author and journalist who has written twelve non-fiction books on United States politics and history of the 20th and 21st centuries. He has also written and directed two film documentaries, the award-winning feature Atomic Cover-up (2021), which screened at fifteen film festivals, and in early 2022 The First Attack Ads:  Hollywood vs. Upton Sinclair. His latest book, published by the New Press in 2020, was the award-winning The Beginning or the end:  How Hollywood--and America--Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. His previous book, a bastseller, was published by Crown in October 2016 (and in ten editions abroad), was The Tunnels: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill. From 2009 to 2016 he blogged on the media and politics for The Nation, where he closely covered WikiLeaks. He co-produced the acclaimed 2014 film documentary "Following the Ninth," about the political and cultural influence of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. In three recent books, he has addressed issues of the relations between the press and government, especially related to the conduct of the 21st-century United States wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.He was the editor of Editor & Publisher (E&P) (2002 through 2009), which covers the news and newspaper industry. His book, The Campaign of the Century (1992), about Upton Sinclair's run for governor of California and the rise of media politics, received the 1993 Goldsmith Book Prize for journalism. It was adapted by PBS as a documentary episode for its seven-part series on The Great Depression (1993). In addition, it was adapted as a vaudeville-style musical and received an award in California in 2006 for musical theatre. <mask> was editor of Nuclear Times magazine (1982 to 1986), and became interested in the history of the United States' use of the atom bomb during World War II. He addressed issues related to this in a 1996 book co-written with Robert Jay Lifton, "Hiroshima in America,"  and a later book "Atomic Cover-up." <mask> served as senior editor of Crawdaddy magazine in the 1970s.Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1947 in Upstate New York. Career
He first worked in journalism as a summer intern for the Niagara Falls Gazette (now the Niagara Gazette). In the 1970s, <mask> began working for Crawdaddy! magazine, where he became a senior editor. With fellow editor Peter Knobler, <mask> is credited with helping to create in December 1972 and publish the first magazine article about the now-prominent musician Bruce Springsteen. They first met Springsteen and watched him perform at a promo gig in Sing Sing Prison before his first album was released. Marriage and family
From his first marriage <mask> has a daughter Jeni, who lives in London.After divorce, he married the writer Barbara Bedway. They live in Nyack, New York. The couple has a son, Andy, who has become a filmmaker. <mask> wrote about their experiences in Little League baseball in his memoir Joy in Mudville (2000). Editor
<mask> served as editor of Nuclear Times magazine from 1982 to 1986. He has written numerous articles about the atomic bombings during World War II, published in magazines and newspapers including The New York Times and the Washington Post. His book on how the U.S. suppressed shocking footage shot by American military film crews in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Atomic Cover-Up, was published in 2011.<mask> is co-author with Robert Jay Lifton of  Hiroshima in America: A Half Century of Denial (1996) on the perceptions in the United States of the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. In an interview, he discussed the long-censored stories of the Chicago Tribune correspondent George Weller, the first Western news reporter to reach Nagasaki after the atomic bombing. He wrote a second book with Lifton about capital punishment called Who Owns Death? (2002). Political campaigns
<mask> has written two books about notable California political campaigns: The Campaign of the Century (1992) examined Upton Sinclair's race for governor in 1934 and the birth of media-driven elections. PBS adapted it as "We Have a Plan", the fourth of seven documentary episodes featured in The Great Depression (1993) series, produced and directed by Lyn Goldfarb. In 2011 the book was republished in new print and e-book editions.It was also adapted as a vaudeville-style musical and first produced in a concert version at the Chicago Humanities Festival in 2004. The book is by Robert L. Freedman, lyrics by Freedman and Steven Lutvak, and music by Lutvak. In 2006 it won the California Musical Theatre Award from the Beverly Hills Theatre Guild. <mask>'s Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon Vs Helen Gahagan Douglas--Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950 (1998) studies an era in California politics as it reflected and influenced national issues in the post-World War II years. He also wrote an e-book on the Obama-Romney race in 2012 titled "Truth, Lies, and Videotape." Views on news coverage
In 2003 and 2004, <mask> wrote and spoke about issues in journalistic integrity. In an E&P column in 2003, <mask> wrote about having made up some quotes in a man-in-the-street article at age 21, while working as a summer intern (what he described as his Jayson Blair moment).He was then working for the Niagara Falls (N.Y.) Gazette (now the Niagara Gazette) and assigned to gather quotes from tourists at Niagara Falls. He wrote that he and other journalists learn from their mistakes. In a 2004 interview with the Echo Chamber Project, <mask> discussed the duty of news reporters to be "skeptical." He cited coverage of the Bush administration's justification of the 2003 War in Iraq as a failure of the media to exercise skepticism. He said,

[A]ll our coverage on all subjects—is not to be partisan or not to be left or right or anything like that. But we believe in the—what should be the main principle of journalism, besides being accurate and fair, is to be skeptical—to raise questions, to not take what officials say as the gospel truth—unless it's really proven—if there's documents. Whether covering Washington or a small town, <mask> said,

[T]he journalistic principle is the same: to be skeptical unless there's hard evidence and proof.And you report what someone says—"It's their claim." "It's what they say." "It's what they allege." "It's what they're trying to prove." But you don't present these things as fact if you're not sure they're fact. And what happened with the Iraq coverage was that too often newspapers—and especially television—went with stories that were based on official claims, and in retrospect, were really propaganda. Because in some cases, the officials were well-meaning.Maybe they thought that they had the evidence. But in other cases, they knew their evidence was incredibly shaky—or should have known—and yet went with the evidence claiming it was fact. And the press just, in most cases, accepted it. Press and government
Three of <mask>'s recent books have dealt with relations between the press and government, inspired in part by revelations of Bush administration misdirection related to justification of the War in Iraq, as well as issues related to the WikiLeaks scandal. These are So Wrong for So Long: How the Press, the Pundits—and the President—Failed in Iraq (2008)—re-published as an e-book in 2013, Bradley Manning: Truth and Consequences (2011, coauthor with Kevin Gosztola), and The Age of WikiLeaks (2011). Blogs
<mask> blogs regularly as his own site, Pressing Issues. He also blogs for the Huffington Post, among other sites.His Twitter feed is @<mask>Mitch. Books
 The Tunnels: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill (2016)
 Atomic Cover-Up: Two U.S. Soldiers, Hiroshima & Nagasaki, and The Greatest Movie Never Made (2011)
 The Age of WikiLeaks (2011)
 Bradley Manning: Truth and Consequences (2011)
 So Wrong for So Long: How the Press, the Pundits—and the President—Failed in Iraq (2008)
 October Light: Paris and Auvers, photographs by <mask> (2006)
 Joy in Mudville: A Little League Memoir (2000/2002)
 Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon Vs Helen Gahagan Douglas-Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950 (1998)
 Very Seventies: A Cultural History of the 1970s, from the Pages of Crawdaddy, ed. Peter Knobler and <mask> (1995)
 The Campaign of the Century: Upton Sinclair's E.P.I.C. Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media Politics (1992) Reissued in 2011 in print and e-book editions as The Campaign of the Century: Upton Sinclair's Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media Politics)
 Truth and Consequences: 7 Who Would Not Be Silenced (1987)

With Robert Jay Lifton
 Who Owns Death? : Capital Punishment, the American Conscience, and the End of Executions (2002)
 Hiroshima in America: A Half Century of Denial (1996)

Awards
 Winner of the 1993 Goldsmith Book Prize for The Campaign of the Century, Joan Shorenstein Center, Harvard Kennedy School

References

External links
 Official blog
 Media Fix blog, The Nation
 Interview: <mask>, Book Reporter
 Mitchell's online column archive, Editor & Publisher
 Excerpt: <mask> Mitchell, Joy in Mudville, Book Reporter, 2000

Living people
1947 births
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
American male journalists
American print editors
American bloggers
American media critics
American political writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male bloggers

masks:
Greg Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Greg Mitchell
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Mitchell
Mitchell
Greg
Greg Mitchell
Greg Mitchell
Greg Mitchell
Greg