title: Edward J. Fraughton

texts:
<mask><mask> (born March 22, 1939, Park City, Utah) is an American artist, sculptor, and inventor. He is primarily known for his epic monumental works and individual collector editions that often relate to the history of the American West. Fraughton's stylistic goals follow the American Neo-classic/Beaux-Arts, impressionistic realism traditions of J. Q. A. Ward, Henry Merwin Shrady, <mask>, Hermon Atkins MacNeil, Daniel Chester French, Augustus Saint Gaudens, Cyrus Dallin, Gutzon and Solon Borglum, and American animaliers Arthur Putnam, <mask>, Phimister Proctor. A literal sculptor with an academic background in design and human anatomy, Fraughton's versatility covers a broad spectrum of human and animal subjects. Education

Fraughton attended Marsac Elementary School and in 1957 graduated from Park City High School.Entering the University of Utah as a civil engineering student, Fraughton later changed his major to sculpture and graduated in 1962 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree. While there, he studied, served as a student teaching assistant, assisted in the gross anatomy lab and did his post graduate work under the legendary Dr. Avard T. Fairbanks and his son, <mask>. He also played baritone horn in the university marching and concert bands. Professional career

Following his formal education, which he largely financed by working night shifts at local steel fabrication plant, Fraughton struggled to make ends meet by working in sales, serving as a substitute high school teacher, driving truck as a delivery boy and laboring as a foundry worker in a local bronze casting facility. In 1966, he was hired by Thiokol Chemical Corporation to apply his artistic training at the newly opened Job Corps Center in Clearfield, Utah. Managed by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), Job Corps was an initiative launched by the Lyndon B<mask> administration to fight the "War on Poverty". After the first year of operations, on August 22, 1967, Fraughton received a letter from W. C. Hearnton, assistant director of avocational training, stating in part:

Resigning from the Job Corps in 1967 to launch his full-time career as a professional sculptor, Fraughton's first sculpture commission involved creating a series of historical portraits for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.In 1968 he was commissioned by the Sons of Utah Pioneers and Mormon Battalion associations to create a heroic monument commemorating the historic Mormon Battalion trek from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to San Diego during the 1846–1847 Mexican–American War. His heroic 12-foot monumental Mormon Battalion Soldier stands at the highest point in San Diego's Presidio Park. National recognition began to mount in 1973 when <mask> was awarded his first gold medal at the National Academy of Western Art for his sculpture entitled, Where Trails End. Awards from the National Sculpture Society, National Academy of Design and other prestigious art organizations soon followed. In 1980, <mask> was selected to create the inaugural medal for President Ronald Reagan. During his eight years in office, a copy of Where Trails End was exhibited in President Reagan's private office in the White House. The same piece is now on permanent display at the Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.Recent sculpture projects

One of <mask>'s most recent works involves a ten-year collaborative effort with fellow sculptors, Kent Ullberg and Blair Buswell. Commissioned by the First National Bank of Omaha, the heroic bronze installation titled, Nebraska Wilderness and Pioneer Courage, depicts a historic pioneer wagon train moving west through Nebraska's wilderness during the mid-19th century. Encountering a herd of wild American bison, the animals quickly turn and run through the city streets toward the bank's new 40-story office building. As the buffalo approach an elevated pond and fountain facing the building's front entrance, a flock of Canada geese explode from the water, fly around the surrounding air space and through the windows of a glassed-in atrium housing the building's historic facade. The geese slowly morph from traditional bronze into modern polished stainless steel as they enter the building. The artistic effect and integration of all elements create a unique and startling effect in the world of contemporary realist sculpture. This project is the largest single installation of monumental sculpture in North America, the linear space covering an area of approximately five city blocks.Another more recently completed monument depicts an ancient ancestral rock-climbing Puebloan Indian descending a sheer narrow column of sandstone with a basket of corn. Indicative of the ancient cliff-dweller culture of the American Southwest, the twenty-foot high monument graces the new visitor's center and museum entrance of Mesa Verde National Park near Cortez, Colorado. Inventor

Following a mid-air collision over the Salt Lake Valley in 1987 that destroyed two airplanes and claimed ten lives, <mask>, a pilot, invented and patented a new technology for tracking aircraft. This technology, now most popularly known as ADS-B, uses GPS satellite tracking to find and report aircraft positions. <mask>'s U.S. patent, (number 5,153,836) and foreign patents were issued in 1992. Subsequently, he served on several committees associated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), most notably the original ADS committee and Special Committee 186 of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics. ADS-B has recently been announced as the FAA's system of choice to upgrade and replace the outdated radar based air traffic control technology.In the field of sculpture, <mask> has developed an improved method for enlarging his sculpture into monumental scale. Using digital imaging and CNC cutting, his technique allows positive clay components to be produced to any scale with greater integrity, thus improving efficiency during the direct modeling stage. Public service

 Park City, Utah, Planning Commission, 1962–1963
 South Jordan Planning Commission, 1977–1985
 Jordan River Advisory Counsel, 1980
 National Sculpture Society Board of Directors, 2002
 White House Fellows Presidents Commission on White House Fellows, Rocky Mountain Region Panel 1981–1988
 Moscow Conference on Law and Bilateral Economic Development, 1991

Monuments

 Cliff-Climber monument representing the ancient Anasazi Indian culture, National Park Service, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
 Pioneer Courage Monument, First National Bank of Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
 <mask>, National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 Finding the Way, Salt Lake City, Utah
 <mask>dell portrait, Boston, Massachusetts
 Gandy Dancer, Union Station Museum, Ogden, Utah
 Bitter Strength, Union Station Museum, Ogden, Utah
 The Iron Lady, portrait of Margaret Thatcher, International Gardens, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Clearing the Haul-way, Rock Springs, Wyoming
 The Cadet, Randolph-Macon Academy Front Royal, Virginia
 Monument to Education, Ricks College Rexburg, Idaho
 Spirit of Wyoming, State Capitol, Cheyenne, Wyoming
 Truman Angell, Architect, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Thomas E. Ricks, Ricks College Rexburg, Idaho
 Winter Quarters. Florence, Nebraska
 All is Well, Songbook/Eliza Snow, William Clayton, and Brigham Young monuments, Brigham Young Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Mormon Battalion Monument, Presidio Park, San Diego, California

Awards
 2010 Henry Hering Memorial Medal, National Sculpture Society, Pioneer Courage Monument
 2010 Director's Award, Springville Spring Salon, Prairie Lullaby
 2010 Award Of Excellence, American Society of Landscape Architects, Pioneer Courage Monument
 2004 People's Choice Award, Prix de West, Home is Where the Heart Is
 1993 Gold Medal, National Academy of Western Art, The Candidate
 1992 Silver Medal, National Academy of Western Art, The Taste of Honey
 1987 Gold Medal, National Academy of Western Art, ...One Nation...
 1985 Greenwich Workshop Award, Museum of the Rockies
 1984 Experience the West Award, Museum of the Rockies
 1983 Honors in the Arts Award, Salt Lake Area Chamber of Commerce
 1981 Tallix Foundry Prize, National Sculpture Society, Spirit of Man
 1981 Artist of the West, San Dimas Festival of Western Arts. Retrieved April 6, 2009. Sculptors from Utah
Artists of the American West
Living people
University of Utah alumni
1939 births
People from Park City, Utah

masks:
Edward J
. Fraughton
James Earle Fraser
Edward Kemeys
Justin
. Johnson
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
John Wayne
Jason Ren


title: Lewis Wetzel

type: original

texts:
<mask> (February 24, 1752 – 1808) was a scout, frontiersman and Indian fighter. Raised in what is now the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia, his exploits once hailed as similar to those of Daniel Boone. Early and family life

Possibly born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in 1752, or on the South Branch of the Potomac River where his parents had moved before 1770, <mask> was the son of Mary Bonnet (1735-1805; daughter of Jean Jacques Bonnet, Flemish Huguenot) and <mask> (1733–1786; indentured servant emigrant from Germany's Palatine region or Friedrichstal, Baden, Germany). The <mask> and Bonnet families moved to the Wheeling Creek area in what is now the northern panhandle of West Virginia by 1770, as had the Zane, McColloch, Eberly, Rosencranz and other pioneer families. Such settlement had been illegal according to a treaty made by the British ending the French and Indian War, but the disputed Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) (made with the Iroquois, traditional enemies of the Shawnee and other tribes of the areas being ceded) led many pioneers to again try westward settlement. The <mask> family settled in a fairly isolated location near the Ohio River about 14 miles from Fort Henry (which had been built at the confluence of Wheeling Creek to protect settlers from Indian raids). Despite the hardships of frontier living, several Wetzel children survived to adulthood: Martin (1757–1829), Jacob (1765–1827), John and George (d. 1786), as well as daughters <mask> (1767–1828) and <mask> (1759–1786).As discussed below, the Wetzels suffered many raids by Native Americans. Raids became particularly severe following the murder of Chief Logan's family near Fort Henry in 1774 (which led to Lord Dunmore's War). The execution of Chief Cornstalk in 1777 at Fort Randolph (at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, modern Point Pleasant, West Virginia) also led to attacks at Fort Henry. The elder <mask>, his son George and daughter Christina all died in raids in 1786, before <mask> reached age 25, and led to his Indian-fighting career. <mask>'s older brother, Martin (1757–1829), a friend of Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton, helped his father fight Native Americans in the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774, and defended Fort Henry in 1777 and 1782, although one of his favorite frontier weapons was a tomahawk. His younger brother <mask>el), helped construct a wagon road into central Indiana after fighting Indian wars in western Pennsylvania and the Northwest Territory with Kenton and under Generals Arthur St. Clair and William Henry Harrison. Indian fighter
In 1778, <mask>, then 13, and his brother Jacob, 11, were tending the family's corn field during a raid by Wyandot Native Americans, and taken prisoner but managed to escape two days later.A bullet grazed <mask>'s breastbone before his capture, but his captors were able to staunch the bleeding and lead the boys away. The boys managed to return to Fort Henry (modern Wheeling, West Virginia), which the Wetzel men also helped defend in September 1782. <mask> grew to some six feet tall, and became striking and very athletic, but some considered him socially inept, in part because he never cut his hair, which grew extremely long and was held in a ponytail as often also done by Native Americans. He rationalizing it as expecting he would be scalped as he had scalped many. His varied skills in what is now known as guerrilla warfare became famous. In 1781, Col. Daniel Brodhead reached the main Turtle clan village of Gekelmukpechunk, now known as Newcomerstown, Ohio. He requested a peaceful discussion between the main chiefs of the village and three were sent to meet him.He hoped to secure the villagers' allegiance and enlist new warriors into his campaign. However, <mask>’s younger brother Martin attacked one of the peaceful chiefs with a tomahawk from behind, killing him just as they had crossed the river. Fearing massive losses and an unplanned battle, Brodhead retreated and instead refocused his troops on their initial goal of reaching Coshocton. In June 1786, four of the Wetzel men were returning by canoe from a hunting trip when they were attacked by tribesmen. Although <mask> managed to canoe beyond musket range (and was not wounded), his father John and brother George died before reaching Baker's Station, though his brother Martin survived his wound. At some point, the young man vowed to avenge his family. Wetzel later participated in several military campaigns against Native American tribes in the Ohio region, and claimed to have taken 27 or 37 Native American scalps.He preferred to operate alone; military procedure did not suit him even while serving with the militia. He became renowned for an ability to load his rifle while sprinting (perhaps by using smaller shot than other frontiersman as well as for always holding a few bullets in his mouth), and which probably saved his life several times during raids although lead poisoning would have ongoing mental and physical effects. <mask> was implicated in the deaths of several friendly Native Americans, and he may have knived others to death as they slept. The most famous incident turning public opinion against him involved the Seneca Chief Tegunteh (whom American soldiers called "George Washington" for his upright character), who had traveled to Fort Harmar, near present-day Marietta, Ohio in 1788. Wetzel ambushed, shot and scalped Tegunteh on an isolated path; the dying chief survived long enough to identify his attacker. Wetzel readily admitted the deed on November 6 to Colonel Josiah Harmar, bragging “I´ll shoot ‘em down like the worthless dogs they are long as I live,” but escaped by sprinting away through the woods, and when recaptured two weeks later, clubbed his jailer with his chains and escaped again before trial; when captured in mid-December near Maysville, Kentucky and taken to Fort Washington (now Cincinnati), a 200-man mob led by Kenton threatened the peace and Harmar released <mask>. The future President James Madison's brother John Madison died in an attack near the Kanawha River while on a seven-month expedition with <mask> as his scout, and the same account claims <mask> and Clark asked <mask> to join their expedition (although mentioned in neither their letters or diaries).Either following a suspended death sentence for killing a Native American in 1791 or as many Native Americans left the Ohio Valley following the 1795 Treaty of Greenville, <mask> relocated to the Louisiana Territory and eventually to New Orleans, where he spent several years in prison for counterfeiting. Death and legacy

Accounts about his final years vary. He had no known children, although several of his siblings had children, and some were named in his honor. Most likely <mask> died in 1808 in Natchez, Mississippi, at the residence of his cousin Philip Sykes, since a skeleton matching <mask>'s description including the long hair was exhumed along with a rifle and other equipment at Sykes' former farm. The remains were reinterred in the McCreary Cemetery in Marshall County, West Virginia. Some believe <mask> married a Spanish woman, settled along the Brazos River and died in 1839. Another <mask> (1825–1862) of Point Pleasant, West Virginia (judge and newspaper editor) was one of the founders of the state of West Virginia, but murdered by another pro-Union founder, John Hall.<mask>'s direct descendant, <mask> <mask> (his middle name reflecting this scout), of Clarksburg, West Virginia, was a veteran of the Korean and Vietnam wars, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and Corps commander during the Cold War. Among places in West Virginia, Wetzel County, West Virginia, is named for him or his family, as is the <mask>zel Wildlife Management Area. West Virginia has erected historical markers commemorating the <mask> family near Limestone in Marshall County and specifically mentions <mask> on the markers for Fort Beeler and Terra Alta in Preston County. An Ohio historical marker notes <mask>'s involvement in the Broadhead Massacre of peaceful Indians at the Moravian mission. The Western novelist Zane Grey wrote about <mask> in his books Betty Zane, The Spirit of the Border, and The Last Trail. More recently, Allan W. Eckert recounts <mask>'s exploits in That Dark and Bloody River. References

External links
List of books and articles about <mask>, from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History
"Wetzel: The Scout and Indian Fighter, Being the Life and Adventure" by Robert Cornelius V. Meyers (1890)
"Warfare Tactics on the Frontier"  by George Carroll
<mask>: Separating the Man from the Myth by Joe Roxby (1998)
Wetzel's Rock in Morgan County, Ohio by Rick Shriver

1763 births
1808 deaths
West Virginia pioneers
American people of German descent
People of Virginia in the American Revolution
West Virginia colonial people
Wetzel County, West Virginia
People of pre-statehood West Virginia

masks:
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis
John Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Susannah Wetzel Goodrich
Christina Wetzel Wolfe
John Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Jacob Wetzelhetz
Lewis
Lewis
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Martin Wetzel
Robert Lewis
Wetzel
Lewis Wet
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel


title: David Lockton

texts:
<mask> is an American serial entrepreneur. Several of his consumer-focused companies have pioneered or significantly expanded billion dollar markets, including:
 the Ontario Motor Speedway in Los Angeles, the largest sporting facility ever constructed at one time;
 California Business, the first weekly regional business tabloid;
 Data Broadcasting, which invented the $100 billion wireless data industry with “push” or multicast, real time wireless data services; and
 Interactive Network, the first company to use a synchronized second-screen to enable television viewers to interact in real time with live sports and game shows, television commercials in real time utilizing wireless technology. WinView, Inc., The only platform for two-screen games of skill in the U.S. with 76 foundational patents protecting multiple business segments including live and mobile sports betting in the US. Biography
<mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on March 28, 1937 to Richard Curtis and <mask>. His father was also a serial entrepreneur. Lockton attended Broad Ripple High School, The Lawrenceville School, and Yale University. <mask>, a two time Interscholastic All American swimmer, learned the butterfly from one of the stroke's developers and demonstrated it in exhibitions two years before it became legal.Leveraging his head start, as a relay swimmer on dominant and undefeated swimming teams; he swam the butterfly on teams which held state, National Junior, Freshman, and American records. After graduating from Yale in 1959, he attained his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School in 1962. Two years out of law school, working for Ice Miller, a large law firm in Indianapolis, Indiana, he represented an indigent defendant in a federal criminal narcotic case (United States v Ewell) The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law and won a series of motions which were ultimately appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Not realizing <mask> did not meet the length of practice requirements, Justice Hugo Black appointed <mask> to represent the defendant In Forma Pauperis, making him the youngest lawyer ever so appointed to argue before the U.S. Supreme Court. Sports Headliners, Inc. In 1965, <mask> started his own law firm and six months later formed Sports Headliners, Inc. in partnership with Chuck Barnes, former Director of Public Relations for Firestone.Sports Headliners became the second sports management firm in the country after Mark McCormack, (www.imgworld.com), with the big three golfers, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player and Jack Nicklaus as clients. Sports Headliners initially represented race drivers including the winners of twenty Indy  races and six Formula One world championships. Clients included A. J. Foyt, Parnelli Jones, Mario Andretti, Al and Bobby Unser, Johnny Rutherford, Jimmy Clark and Graham Hill. Sports Headliners expanded its focus in 1968 to represent football champions, O. J. Simpson, Calvin Hill, Johnny Unitas and motorcycle daredevil, Evel Knievel. Ontario Motor Speedway
Lockton leveraged his position as the drivers representative on the Board of United States Auto Club (USAC), then the largest automobile sanctioning body in the United States, to develop in the Los Angeles area the first modern multi track super speedway. In 1967 on behalf of a small group of private equity investors which included Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette; <mask> optioned 14 parcels of land constituting  in Ontario, California. In 1968, he raised $25 million in tax-free municipal bonds and $5 million in equity.As President and CEO he oversaw the construction of the Ontario Motor Speedway (OMS), the marketing campaign and launched the first year of racing. OMS opened on Labor Day 1970 with the Inaugural California 500 Mile Race, an Indianapolis 500-type open wheel oval track race. Ontario was the first and only automobile racing facility designed to accommodate major races sanctioned by all of the four dominant and independent racing sanctioning bodies:  USAC, for an Indy 500 open wheel oval car race (The California 500); NASCAR (National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing), for a stock car  oval race, (The Miller 500); National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), for a drag race, (The Super Nationals); and a FIA (Federation Internationale de l'Automobile) Formula One race, (The Questor Grand Prix). Each of these races drew attendance second only to their counterparts, the Indianapolis 500, the Daytona 500, the NHRA Indy Nationals and the Watkins Glen Formula One race. It is estimated that the  facility with 155,000 permanent seats and an air-conditioned private stadium club would have a replacement cost today of over $500 million. It remains the largest stadium built and one time. The 155,000 permanent seats were sold out almost 90 days before the Inaugural California 500.The race drew 178,000 in paid attendance, second only to the Indianapolis 500 and until 2004, was the largest crowd ever to attend a single day sporting event. In addition to the award-winning marketing and PR campaign, <mask> introduced many innovations to the sport of automobile racing, including a private stadium club with annual subscription members, corporate suites, crash absorbent retaining walls and safety fences, the first Pro-Am celebrity race, and a computerized, wireless real-time timing and scoring system. In 1971, <mask> sold his interest in OMS and was honored by the Society of Automotive Engineers for his contributions to safety in Automobile Racing. He was also voted by the American Auto Racing Writers and Broadcasters Association as one of three individuals who had most contributed to the advancement of the sport. International Race of Champions
Upon leaving the Ontario Motor Speedway, <mask> created and developed the format for International Race of Champions (IROC), airing on ABC from 1973 to 2006, and the longest running made for television series that aired on ABC from 1973 to 2006. IROC was an auto racing competition. Series Champion drivers from the Indianapolis, NASCAR, F1, and road racing series were invited to race identically-prepared cars set up by a single team of mechanics in an effort to make the race purely a test of driver ability.California Business
In 1972 <mask> purchased California Business, a controlled circulation tabloid format business publication based in Los Angeles and converted it to a paid weekly. Using direct mail to acquire paid subscribers, he increased advertising revenues and brought the publication to break-even in two years. California Business was the first regional business weekly in the country. Regional business publications subsequently became a multibillion-dollar publishing segment. The publication pioneered the concept of “Annual Reports,” “Corporate Update” and “Corporate Listing” sections, in which companies paid to distribute their annual reports, ran “advertorials” and brief corporate descriptions. These features have subsequently been used by many business publications including Fortune, Barron's, and Forbes. California Business won a Gerald Loeb Award in 1972.Data Broadcasting (formerly Dataspeed, now IDC)
In 1981 <mask> moved from Los Angeles to Silicon Valley to apply his experience at California Business with subscription based financial information and at the Ontario Motor Speedway with the wireless technology behind the real-time timing and scoring system, to stock market trading information. He purchased a controlling interest in Data Broadcasting (originally Dataspeed, a company that had developed a pc version of the Ontario wireless real time scoring system) where he invented the hand held wireless QuoTrek, the first product to utilize “push” technology  and wireless data, to deliver real time stock and commodity trading information to paying subscribers in a mobile environment. He successfully petitioned United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to deregulate and permit the use of the analog sub-carrier (FCC Docket 82-536) for the real time broadcast of digital data. He successfully negotiated with the Boards of Governors of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ, and Amex exchanges as well as the Chicago Board of Trade and Commodities Exchange Center to create a low cost “non professional” fee structure for their real time trading information, thereby pioneering a consumer market for real time stock and futures trading. The first nationwide real time wireless data network he created supported the QuoTrek and Signal services which won numerous awards. With the QuoTrek's companion invention, Signal, a wireless modem linked to a PC and Lotus 1-2-3 software to manage multiple investment accounts, the services generated over $1.3 billion in revenues over their product lives. George Guilder credited the QuoTrek in Life After Television (Norton 1992, pp 66–67) as the invention which created the communications paradigm known as “push” or “always on” data.Guilder predicted a revolution in the way time sensitive data would be delivered which is now pervasive on the Web and Cellular 3G networks. In 1984 Lockton designed and developed the prototype of a multi-purpose hand held device, the Informa, with a backlit LCD screen and alpha/numeric keyboard, designed to use the nationwide real time wireless data network of FM radio stations Lockton had assembled. In addition to user specified stocks and commodities quotes, news, weather and sports information in real time, the user could send wireless email and messages via a built in phone modem instantly received by the addressee wherever they were. The Informa concept preceded the Web by nine years, real-time wireless messaging by several years and the data capabilities of the 2G cellular networks by 10 years. In 1985 Data Broadcasting was sold to Lotus Development Corporation which never introduced the Informa. Interactive Network, Inc. In 1987 Lockton founded Interactive Network (IN) based upon a patent received for the use of wireless push technology to control TV viewers in real-time games of skill based upon unfolding televised sports, game shows and entertainment programming.Interactive Network pioneered "two-screen television." Financed by NBC, Cablevision Systems, TCI, The Grenada Group (Great Britain), Le GroupeVideotron (Canada), United Artists, A.C. Nielsen, Gannett, Sprint and Motorola, Interactive Network developed a device similar to the Informa, the “Interactive Control Unit,” which won the International Design Award idesignawards.com for best consumer product in 1990. IN went public on the NASDAQ exchange in 1991. The Company operated a subscription based, two-screen “play-along’ or "In-Play" entertainment service, developing over 50 games of skill to play along with live TV sports, news, and entertainment programming for prizes. IN conducted four increasingly successful test markets from 1990 to 1995 in Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area, Chicago and Indianapolis. The Company pioneered many of the interactive television game formats now utilized worldwide in connection with live television programming. At the time, these were variously called, “Enhanced TV,” or “Play Along TV.”  IN established a Charter Interactive Advertising Consortium with P&G, Chrysler, Pepsi, American Airlines, and the Ad Council (the leader in public service announcements) to develop and test the first real time interactive and lead generating two-screen TV commercials.In addition to pioneering its entertainment service, the Company pioneered many technological firsts, including the first field-upgradable, RAM-based mobile device, the first to use the VBI (vertical blanking interval of an FM radio signal) of the NPR TV Network, to transmit digital data to wireless devices; and one of the first companies to have a consumer web site in 1996. In August 1994 on the eve of the national roll-out of the Interactive Network service, with a NASDAQ market capitalization of $250 million, IN suspended operations and the board of directors subsequently file litigation against lead investor, TCI for conspiring to wrongfully acquire title to IN's patents and intellectual property through a financing scheme. The litigation was settled in IN's favor in April 1998. The lawsuit against TCI was the subject of a front-page feature article in the February 26, 1996  Wall Street Journal. AirPlay, Inc. Upon the expiration in 2004 of the Lockton/Interactive Network patents, Lockton founded AirPlay, Inc., to apply the wireless "two-screen" technology developed at Data Broadcasting and Interactive Network to the cellular platform. From 2004 to 2009, AirPlay developed for the cellular platform many of the games pioneered at Interactive Network, playable with televised baseball, basketball and football games as well as game shows such as Jeopardy, Deal or No Deal and Big Brother.<mask> served on the board of directors and consulted part-time to the company concentrating on intellectual property and special projects, including negotiations with Sony (owner of Jeopardy). AirPlay was the first and only company to utilize the cellular networks to allow TV viewers to play along with television programming and win prizes in real-time games of skill on their cell phones. AirPlay established broadcast distribution agreements with all the major carriers. The Company launched Jeopardy with Sony Pictures Entertainment on 220 syndicated TV stations using patent pending technology to precisely synchronize the fast-paced game with the unfolding telecast for each separate syndicated station. In August 2009, after AirPlay failed to raise the marketing capital required to launch the service on a nationwide basis in the recession, all of the AirPlay intellectual property, including pending patents and software was acquired by WinView, Inc.

WinView, Inc.
WinView, Inc. is a Silicon Valley and New York based company that provides the nation's leading live In-Play sports prediction mobile platform. The platform is focused on paid entry, mobile two-screen synchronized televised sports games of skill in the U.S. The Company is leveraging its extensive experience in pioneering real-time interactive television games played on the mobile second screen, its foundational patents and unique business model.The WinView Games app is an end-to-end two-screen TV synchronization platform for both television programming and commercials. The paid entry, skill-based WinView Games app uniquely enhances TV viewing enjoyment and rewards sports fans with prizes as they answer in-game questions while competing with friends in real-time during live televised sports. These free games of skill are legal in all 50 states, and paid entry games are legal in 36 states. The Company launched its Alpha test in 2015, Beta test in 2016 and Paid Entry games in 2017. As of January 2020, the Company has raised $30 million to develop and market the only platform offering real time two-screen games of skill in the U.S. The Company's business segments are fully protected by 76 foundational patents granted to Lockton and assigned to WinView. For more information, please visit www.winviewgames.com.Arizona Colorado Land & Cattle Company (Amex:AZL)
Co-Founder, Director
1965 – 1975

AZL was the largest integrated cattle/feeding/land company in the US. Subsequently, acquired by a Canadian conglomerate. Purchased with four partners a bankrupt cattle company and grew to $120 million in sales and $8.5 million in after-tax profits in five years. It was sold to Tosco Corporation. Laister Sail Planes, Inc.
Chairman of the Board
1972 – 1975

Laister was a sailplane manufacturer using advanced techniques in epoxy-bonded metal wing construction invented by Jack Laister, whose gliders were widely used in World War II. Laister built the first and only US manufactured glider to ever win the North American Standard Class Soaring Championship. Rytex Corporation
Director
1967 – 1975

Lockton was a founding investor, director in the purchase of Rytex by Richard Morris, which became the largest thermal-engraved personal stationery company in the United States at the time.Patents
At Interactive Network, AirPlay and WinView, Lockton has been granted 76 patents. The 65 patents issued since 2011 are considered "Foundational" to both the technical requirements to synchronize the mobile second-screen with the TV picture to monetize the entertainment content and the commercials. The patents also cover the methods of monetizing games of skill and chance, based on televised sports, including a family of patents which cover separate contests with friends and games of skill for cash, including some major elements of Daily Fantasy Leagues. References

External links
 www.interactivedata.com

1937 births
Living people
Lawrenceville School alumni
Businesspeople from Indianapolis
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Yale University alumni

masks:
David Ballard Lockton
Lockton
Violet Ballard Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton


title: Sadamichi Hirasawa

texts:
was a Japanese tempera painter. He was convicted of mass poisoning and sentenced to death, though he is believed to have been falsely charged. Due to strong suspicions that he was innocent, no justice minister ever signed his death warrant. Teigin case

On January 26, 1948, a man calling himself an epidemiologist arrived in a branch of the Imperial Bank (Teikoku Ginkō, aka Teigin) at Shiinamachi, a suburb of Toshima, Tokyo, before closing time. He explained that he was a public health official sent by US occupation authorities who had orders to inoculate the staff against a sudden outbreak of dysentery. He gave all sixteen people present a pill and a few drops of liquid. Those present drank the liquid he gave, which was later thought to be "nitrile hydrocyanide" (青酸ニトリール), an assassination toxicant originally developed at the Noborito Laboratory.When all were incapacitated, the robber took some money lying on the desks, which amounted to 160,000 yen (about $2,000 US at the time), but left the majority behind, leaving his motive unknown. Ten of the victims died at the scene (one was a child of an employee) and two others died while hospitalized. Arrest and trial
<mask> was caught by the police due to the Japanese habit of exchanging business cards with personal details. There had been two other extremely similar cases of attempted and actual theft at banks via the use of poison in the weeks and months before the robbery. In all cases the poisoner, a lone male, left a business card. The poisoner used a card which was marked "Jirō Yamaguchi" in one of the two incidents, but it was later found that said Yamaguchi did not exist: the card was a fake. The poisoner also used a real card which was marked "Shigeru Matsui" (of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Department of Disease Prevention) in another of the two incidents.The original owner of the card was found to have an alibi. Matsui told the police that he had exchanged cards with 593 people, but of these, 100 were of the type used in the poisoning incidents, of which eight remained in his possession. Matsui recorded the time and place of the business card exchange on the back of cards he received so the police set out to trace the remaining 92 cards. 62 cards were retrieved and their receivers cleared; a further 22 were deemed to have been irrelevant to the case. One of the remaining 8 cards was received by Hirasawa. The police were led to arrest <mask> because:
He could not produce the card he had received from Matsui. <mask> claimed to have lost the business card, together with his wallet, due to his having been the victim of pickpocketing.A similar amount of money to that stolen from the bank was found in <mask>'s possession, the origin of which he refused to divulge. The origin of the money is unknown to this day (though some, such as the crime fiction novelist Seichō Matsumoto, suggested Hirasawa received it by drawing pornographic pictures, a side business that would have been detrimental to <mask>'s reputation as an artist). <mask>'s alibi of having been taking a stroll in the vicinity of the crime scene could be neither verified nor substantiated. <mask> was identified as the poisoner by several witnesses (but only by two survivors, and see picture below). He confessed to having been involved in four previous cases of bank fraud (recanted together with his subsequent confession). He was arrested on August 21, 1948. After police interrogation, which allegedly involved torture, <mask> confessed, but then recanted soon after.His later defence against his confession was based on partial insanity, alleging that he had been troubled with Korsakoff's syndrome (as a result of rabies inoculation) and so his confession was not reliable. The court, however, disagreed and <mask> was sentenced to death in 1950. Until 1949, a confession was solid evidence under the law, even if the police tortured a person to extract said confession. The Supreme Court of Japan upheld the death sentence in 1955. His attorneys tried to have the sentence revoked, submitting 18 pleas for retrial over the following years. Doubt over guilty verdict

He was sentenced to death, but there was originally no conclusive evidence. In addition, although 40 employees saw the crimes, there were only two people who identified him as the criminal.Seichō Matsumoto presumed that the true culprit was a former member of Unit 731 in his books A story of the Teikoku Bank Incident in 1959 and The Black Fog of Japan in 1960. Matsumoto also suspected that "the money of unknown origin" came from selling pornographic drawings. Kei Kumai protested <mask>'s conviction with his film Teigin jiken: Shikeishû (Teijin Incident: Condemned / The Long Death) in 1964. Successive Ministers of Justice in Japan did not sign his death warrant, so the death sentence was never carried out. Even Isaji Tanaka, who on 13 October 1967 announced in front of the press that he had signed the death warrants of 23 prisoners in one go, did not sign <mask>'s death warrant, stating that he doubted Hirasawa's guilt. The poison was regarded as the readily obtainable potassium cyanide in <mask>'s trial. One of the reasons given to doubt <mask>'s guilt is because the victims' symptoms were clearly different from potassium cyanide poisoning, which is rapid.Keio University's contemporary investigation claimed that the true poison may have been acetone cyanohydrin, a military poison deliberately designed to be slow-acting, which <mask> could not have obtained. Death in jail
<mask> remained in prison as a condemned criminal for the next 32 years. He spent his time painting and writing his autobiography . In 1981, Makoto Endo became the leader of <mask>'s lawyers. Besides the case, he took part in controversial trials such as that of Norio Nagayama. The defense claimed that statute of limitations for his death penalty ran out in 1985. The death penalty has a 30-year statute of limitations under the Criminal Code of Japan, and so Endo appealed for his release.However, the Japanese court refused this argument, pointing out that the statute only applies in the case if a death row inmate escapes from prison and evades capture for 30 years. Japanese courts judge that the punishment begins when the minister signs the death warrant, which had never been done. His health deteriorated in 1987. On April 30, 1987, Amnesty International petitioned the Japanese government to release him, but <mask> died of pneumonia in a prison hospital on May 10. Bids for a posthumous retrial
Even after <mask>'s death, his son by adoption, Takehiko <mask>, tried to clear his name. Takehiko was the son of one of Sadamichi's supporters; he became the painter's adopted son while in university to take up the task of getting a retrial for Sadamichi, as his relatives were reluctant to pursue the case due to social prejudice. Takehiko also worked to recover several of Sadamichi's lost paintings and held exhibitions of his work.He and his lawyers submitted a 19th plea for retrial; <mask>'s brain damage was also proved. , his lawyers had submitted new evidence to attempt to prove Hirasawa's innocence. In September 2013, Takehiko <mask> died alone at his home in Suginami Ward, Tokyo, aged 54; he had lived there with his natural mother until her death at age 83 the previous December. His body was only found on 16 October by several retrial supporters who had worried about not hearing from him in some time. According to supporters, the pressures and uncertainties  surrounding the reopening of the case, together with his mother's death, had caused Takehiko to periodically display signs of instability and doubts about whether he could continue. He continued to persist with his objective of getting a posthumous retrial, though, writing after his mother's death on a website about the "Teigin Incident":

It was her wish and mine and my late father’s to mark in history that <mask> <mask> is innocent. I will continue this struggle for years to come.At the time of Takehiko's death, he and his lawyers had assembled a team of psychologists to reexamine the witness accounts and investigation process from the trial, to determine if the evidence was credible by present standards. They had been scheduled to submit their position papers to the Tokyo High Court by the end of 2013, ahead of the court verdict on the retrial petition. On 4 December 2013, the Tokyo High Court announced it would drop the plea for a posthumous retrial for <mask> <mask> following his adopted son's death. As a result, the court effectively declared the case closed, unless other members of the <mask> family wish to pursue a retrial. In popular culture
A 2009 novel, Occupied City by English author David Peace, who was long a resident in Japan, is based on the Hirasawa case. The case is also referenced in Ian Fleming's 11th James Bond novel, You Only Live Twice (1964), though embellished and exaggerated. In 1964, Nikkatsu released Teigin jiken: Shikeishû (Teijin Incident: Condemned / The Long Death), a docudrama-style recounting of the case.Directed by Kei Kumai, the film provided actor Kinzô Shin with a rare starring role as Hirasawa. See also

Iwao Hakamada
Matsuo Fujimoto
Sakae Menda
Mitaka incident
Sayama Incident

References

Further reading
Seichō Matsumoto, A story of the Teikoku Bank Incident, 1959
Seichō Matsumoto, The Black Fog of Japan, 1960
J. H. H. Gaute and Robin Odell, The New Murderer's Who's Who, 1996, Harrap Books, London

External links

Noose or Pneumonia? Time February 15, 1963
<mask> <mask> Is Dead; Was on Death Row 32 Years New York Times May 11, 1987
19th bid to clear late murderer's name Sydney Morning Herald, July 12, 2003
Psychiatrist, 100, fights to clear late convict's name Japan Times May 10, 2006
Art of 'Teigin Incident' convict to be exhibited Japan Times November 23, 2006
Experts doubt Teigin Incident verdict Japan Times November 26, 2006
Art exhibition launched to clear <mask>'s name Japan Times April 4, 2007
Teigin Incident artist exhibition tour starts Japan Times May 19, 2007
 Teigin Case -  Homepage created by his supporters
 Teigin Case Timeline

1892 births
1987 deaths
Japanese prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Japan
Japanese people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Japan
Japanese people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
Deaths from pneumonia in Japan
Mass poisoning
20th-century Japanese painters

masks: Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Hirasawa


title: Reema bint Bandar Al Saud

texts:
<mask> bin Sultan bin <mask> (; born 1975 in Riyadh) is a member of House of Saud and the Saudi Arabian ambassador to the United States. She took office as ambassador on 23 February 2019—becoming the first female envoy in the country's history. She has advocated for female empowerment and has worked to expand opportunities for Saudi women within the Kingdom. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to <mask> bin Sultan and Haifa bint Faisal. <mask> is the great-granddaughter of <mask>, the founder of modern Saudi Arabia, on her maternal and paternal sides. Her maternal grandparents are King Faisal, the son of <mask>, and Queen Iffat who was born to a Turkish family. She is one of eight children.Two of her siblings also work in government: Khalid bin <mask> bin Sultan <mask> is the Saudi Arabian ambassador to the United Kingdom and Faisal bin <mask> bin <mask> <mask> is the chairman of the Saudi Arabian Federation for Electronic and Intellectual Sports (SAFEIS). <mask> spent many years in the United States where her father, <mask>, was the ambassador from 1983–2005. She graduated from George Washington University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in museum studies. While <mask> was earning her degree in museum studies, she interned at L'Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris and at the Sackler Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. She also collaborated from a distance with a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, while her mother's "Haifa Faisal Collection" of art was displayed there. After graduation, she returned to Riyadh. She joined THNK School of Creative Leadership in 2014 as a participant of Class 5 2015. Career

Private sector
<mask> returned to Saudi Arabia in 2005.She co-founded Yibreen, a women's day gym and spa. She later assumed the role of CEO at Al Hama LLC, a luxury retail corporation. She served for several years as the CEO of Alfa International, a leading luxury retail corporation that, among other pursuits, operates the Harvey Nichols store in Riyadh. As the CEO of Harvey Nichols in Riyadh, <mask> led the inclusion of women into the retail sector, working closely with the Ministry of Labor to craft a smooth labor market entry. She set the example of workforce integration by creating the Kingdom's first workplace nursery, enabling more women to work. <mask> is the founder and creative director of Baraboux, a luxury handbag brand that she launched in 2013. In 2013, <mask> also founded Alf Khair, a social enterprise aimed at elevating the professional capital of Saudi women.One of its keystone initiatives, 10KSA, introduced the concept of holistic health awareness for a healthier Saudi community. The year-long campaign culminated into the World's Largest Human Awareness Ribbon, entering into the Guinness World Records. <mask> is a member of The World Bank's advisory council for the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative. Public sector
As president of the Mass Participation Federation, <mask> is the first woman to lead a multi-sports federation in the Kingdom, driving communities towards a more active lifestyle. In 2016 <mask> served as the Saudi General Sports Authority's (GSA) Deputy of Planning and Development, where she has led diversity and inclusion, the development of the Kingdom's sports economy, and strategic partnerships. In the very same year, she was appointed as vice president of women's affairs at the General Sports Authority (GSA). In 2017, she held the position of the president of the Saudi Federation for Community Sports.Among the first achievements under <mask>'s mandate, is the inclusion of physical education for girls in schools. In 2017 <mask> was awarded Sheikh Mohammed bin <mask> Maktoum Creative Sport Award in its ninth edition for her role played in the empowerment of women in the region through her spirit of entrepreneurship and philanthropy. <mask> is a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Women in Sports Commission and a member of the Saudi Arabian Olympic Committee. She is also a permanent representative to the (UNESCO). Princess <mask> has also been nominated to become a full member of the International Olympic Committee. In October 2019, <mask> sent Rosh Hashanah greetings to Jews in the United States wishing them a happy and sweet Jewish new year. This is the first time, according to NBC news, the Saudi embassy in Washington sent such a greeting to American Jews.Leadership in business innovation and inclusive employment advocacy
<mask> has gained attention on the international stage as a leader in business innovation, specifically as a champion for women in the workplace. She was recognized as the Most Creative Person of the year in 2014 by Fast Company for "Inviting Women into the Workforce," and was featured on the Forbes lists of the 200 Most Powerful Arab Women and Most Powerful Arab Women in Saudi Arabia lists for 2014. She was also recognized by Foreign Policy Magazine as a Leading Global Thinker of 2014 in their "Moguls" category for her work helping women to "integrate their personal and professional lives" by creating hospitable opportunities for women to participate in the economy. Sheikha <mask> was listed in the 'Top 100 most powerful Arabs' from 2018 to 2021 by Gulf Business. <mask> has noted publicly that engaging women as active participants in the working economy is "evolution, not revolution," and empowering a woman with financial responsibility will encourage her to "explore more of the world for herself and become less dependent." She has also stated that Saudi Arabia "cannot have half of [the] population not working." At Harvey Nichols Riyadh, <mask> <mask>f Khair, a corporate social responsibility initiative, whose work included an active and vocal community of creative talent in Saudi Arabia and promoted their work internationally. <mask> Khair also developed a retail academy, which provided training for Saudi women joining the workforce. Her work in this realm also included her role as an Advisory Board Member of the Saudi National Creative Initiative. Breast cancer advocacy
<mask> is a founding member of the Zahra Breast Cancer Awareness Association, based in Riyadh. The mission of the organization is to "increase and spread awareness among women across the country for early detection, prevention, and treatment of the disease, and cooperate with women diagnosed with breast cancer on a step-by-step basis for treatment and ultimate recovery."<mask>'s work with Zahra also includes organizing the world's largest human pink ribbon in 2010. This effort was recognized as the winner of the Holmes Report Golden Sabre Award for the Best Publicity Stunt Category and the Platinum Sabre Award for Best PR Programme. In May 2012, in conjunction with the Zahra Breast Cancer Association, <mask> led a group of Saudi women to the Base Camp of Mount Everest, in a bid to raise breast cancer awareness. The cancer awareness campaign has been entitled ‘A Woman’s Journey: Destination Mount Everest.’ The 11 climbers began their trek to Base Camp located 5,364 meters above sea level on 7 May, completing their trek in 12 days. Personal life
<mask> married Faisal bin Turki bin Nasser and had two children (a son, Turki; and a daughter, Sarah). They divorced in 2012. Ancestry

Recognition and Awards
 In 2015, <mask> <mask> <mask> was selected by the World Economic Forum at Davos as a Young Global Leader.In 2014, she was named as Foreign Policy Magazine Global Thinker Mogul. In 2014, she was a Leadership and Innovation Delegate to the Academy of Achievement’s 51st International Achievement Summit. References

1975 births
Reema
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences alumni
<mask>
Reema
Living people
Saudi Arabian people of Turkish descent
Reema
Women ambassadors

masks:
Reema bint Bandar
Abdulaziz Al Saud
Reema bint Bandar
Bandar
Reema
Ibn Saud
Ibn Saud
Bandar
Al Saud
Bandar
Sultan Al
Saud
Reema
Bandar
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Rashid Al
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reemaema
Al
Alf
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
Reema
bint
Bandar
Reema


title: Billy Hayes (writer)

texts:
<mask> (born April 3, 1947) is an American writer, actor, and film director. He is best known for his autobiographical book Midnight Express about his experiences in and escape from a Turkish prison, after being convicted of smuggling hashish. He was one of hundreds of US citizens in foreign jails serving drug charge sentences, following a drug-smuggling crackdown by foreign governments. <mask>, an American student, was caught trying to smuggle four pounds of hashish out of Turkey on October 7, 1970. He was originally sentenced to four years and two months in a Turkish prison; with his release date weeks away, he learned that the authorities had chosen to penalize him with a life sentence for smuggling, instead of possession. <mask> was imprisoned at Sağmalcılar prison in Istanbul after having spent one night in Sultanahmet Jail. Following an incident in prison, he was transferred in 1972 to Bakırköy Psychiatric Hospital, described as a 'lunatic asylum'.On several occasions, the United States Department of State pressured Turkey to transfer sentencing to the United States; however, Turkish foreign minister Melih Esenbel stated that the US was not in a position to dispute a sentence issued by a Turkish court. He stated privately to officials that a release might be possible on humanitarian grounds, if <mask>' physical or mental health was deteriorating, but in a private consultation, <mask> stated to US diplomats that his experience at Bakırköy was highly traumatic, and he did not have confidence that the hospital would certify him for early release; <mask> also stated that he felt attempts to win early release would jeopardize his prospects of being transferred to a more desirable half-open prison. On May 12, 1975, the Turkish Constitutional Court declared amnesty for all drug offenses, which shortened <mask>' sentence from life to 30 years; he was transferred to İmralı prison on July 11, 1975. Declassified telegrams from the State Department indicated that in discussions between the US embassy and Vahap Aşıroğlu, Turkish Director of Consular Affairs, the latter believed <mask> would probably be released from prison on parole in October 1978, which in practice meant that a local prosecutor would declare him persona non grata and expel him from the country. <mask> escaped from İmralı on October 2, 1975, taking a rowboat at night to Bandirma, blending in with locals, and then heading westbound across the border to Greece. After over two weeks of detention and interrogation to determine whether he possessed any useful intelligence about Turkey's military, he was deported from Thessaloniki to Frankfurt on October 20; after interrogation by US authorities in Frankfurt, <mask> spent several days in Amsterdam, and then returned to the United States. <mask> wrote a book on his experiences, Midnight Express, which was later adapted into the 1978 film of the same name starring Brad Davis as <mask>.The film was directed by Alan Parker, with a screenplay by Oliver Stone. The movie differs from <mask>' account in his book. Among the differences is a scene invented by Stone in which <mask> kills the prison guard Hamidou 'the Bear' (portrayed by Paul L. Smith), the main antagonist of the story. In fact, the prison guard was killed in 1973 by another person entirely, a recently released prisoner, whose family Hamidou had insulted while beating the prisoner; this took place years before <mask>' actual escape. In 2010, in an episode of National Geographic Channel's Locked Up Abroad, titled "The Real Midnight Express", <mask> finally told his fully accurate version of being sent to the infamous Turkish prison in Sağmalcilar, eventually escaping from the Marmara Sea prison on İmralı island. <mask> has since written the sequels Midnight Return (Escaping Midnight Express) and The Midnight Express Letters - from a Turkish Prison, 1970-1975, the latter a collection of the original letters written home to family and friends during his imprisonment. Acting and writing
<mask> is still active in the entertainment industry, specifically acting and writing.He appeared in the Charles Bronson 1987 film Assassination, as a hired killer. One of <mask>' successes was writing and directing 2003's Southside (later released in the US as A Cock and Bull Story) which won numerous awards, including the 2002 L.A. Drama Critics' Circle award. On June 30, 2010, the National Geographic television channel aired Locked Up Abroad: The Real Midnight Express. <mask> has been traveling the world with his one-man show, Riding the Midnight Express with <mask>, since it premiered at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in August 2013. Interview on Midnight Express film
During the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, Alinur Velidedeoğlu, a Turkish advertiser, met <mask> by chance and interviewed him on the film Midnight Express. <mask> expressed his disappointment with parts of the film adaptation, especially its portrayal of all Turks as bad, and his regret that Turkey's image was negatively affected by the film.<mask> also displayed affection for Turkey and the city of Istanbul. Although the Interpol warrant for him had by then been lifted, <mask> explained that while he wanted to return, he hesitated to do so, out of concern that many Turks might blame him for the negative publicity the movie had generated. The video was made available on YouTube. The Turkish order banning him from the country was finally suspended and <mask> was allowed to return to Turkey on June 14, 2007, to attend the 2nd Istanbul Conference on Democracy and Global Security, organized by the Turkish National Police (TNP) and the Turkish Institute for Police Studies (TIPS). <mask> said it was important to him to return, in order to "apologize and 'make amends' – not for the book he wrote, but for the movie, scripted by Oliver Stone, on which it was based. 'The film wasn't what Turkish people deserved,' <mask> told reporters at a jammed June 15 press conference, explaining that it painted an unfairly bleak portrait of the country." See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared

References

External links

 "Riding the Midnight Express with <mask>" website

1947 births
Living people
20th-century American criminals
American cannabis traffickers
American escapees
American memoirists
American people imprisoned abroad
Cannabis in Turkey
Criminals from New York City
Escapees from Turkish detention
People convicted of cannabis offenses
Turkey–United States relations
Writers from New York City
Marquette University alumni

masks:
Billy Hayes
Background Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Book Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Billy Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Billy Hayes


title: Kay Mills (writer)

texts:
<mask> (February 4, 1941 in Washington, D.C. – January 13, 2011) was an American journalist and author. When she joined the Los Angeles Times in 1978 she became one of the first women (and often the only one) on its editorial board. <mask> also revived the nearly-lost stories of women journalists and civil rights icons. Her most famous book is This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer, a 1993 biography of the civil rights leader. Her other books are A Place in the News: From the Women’s Pages to the Front Page (1988), From Pocahontas to Power Suits: Everything You Need to Know About Women's History in America (1995), Something Better for My Children: The History and People of Head Start (1998), and Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television (2004). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Washington, D.C. She recalled that although she was shy as a child, when she saw May Craig, the Maine newspaper correspondent, on Meet The Press, she figured that asking questions of newsmakers would be a good line of work for her. She was unaware of how rare Craig was, as a woman working in what was then a male-dominated profession.She graduated from Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School, a top school in the east at that time, in 1959. She graduated from Pennsylvania State University in 1963 and got a master's degree in African history from Northwestern University in 1965. When she applied for a job at Newsweek'''s Chicago bureau in 1966, the bureau chief told her, "I need someone I can send anywhere, like to riots. And besides, what would you do if someone you were covering ducked into the men's room?" Career
Other employers were not so short-sighted. She became a broadcast news writer for United Press International in Chicago, then covered education and child welfare for the Baltimore Evening Sun. In 1970–71, she was assistant press secretary for U.S.Senator Edmund S. Muskie, then returned to journalism with the Washington bureau of the Newhouse newspapers. After a Professional Journalism Fellowship at Stanford University, she joined the Los Angeles Times in 1978 and became one of the first women (and often the only one) on its editorial board. She later was assistant editor of its Sunday Opinion section. She left the Times in 1991 to write books and freelance full-time. In addition to her newspaper jobs, <mask> taught journalism and writing courses at George Mason University, the University of Southern California, the University of Minnesota and Princeton University, where she was a Ferris Professor. She has also lectured as an Alumni Fellow at Penn State, as a Woodrow Wilson Visiting Fellow at Berry College, Columbia College, and Illinois College, and as a Hearst Visiting Professional at the University of Missouri School of Journalism. She has chaired biography juries for both the Pulitzer Prize and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize.<mask> served on the founding board of the Journalism and Women Symposium. Her first book, A Place in the News: From the Women’s Pages to the Front Page, a 1988 history of women in journalism, is still used in college journalism and women's studies courses. Parade magazine called it "a seminal new book on women in journalism." Feminist scholar Carolyn G. Heilbrun said "Reading A Place in the News was like seeing my life as a professional woman pass before my eyes." Her best-known book, This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer, a 1993 biography of the civil rights leader, was described by The New York Times as "a riveting biography...In making sure we see Fannie Lou Hamer in full, <mask> has done more than render a biography that is true to its subject. She has provided a history that helps us to understand the choices made by so many black men and women of Hamer's generation, who, unwilling to leave the South they grew up in, somehow found the courage to join a movement in which they risked everything." It received the Christopher Award in 1993 and the Julia Spruill Book Prize from the Southern Association of Women Historians for the best book on southern women's history published in 1993 and 1994.(University Press of Kentucky published a revised version of the book, with a foreword by Marian Wright Edelman, in 2007.) She left the Los Angeles Times in 1991 to become a full-time author. Something Better for My Children: The History and People of Head Start (1998) was researched while on an Alicia Patterson Fellowship in 1995. Marian Wright Edelman, president of the Children's Defense Fund, called it "must reading for people who care about America’s children." Her other books included From Pocahontas to Power Suits: Everything You Need to Know About Women's History in America (1995) and Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television, (2004), the story of the successful challenge of the Jackson, Mississippi, TV station that failed to cover the civil rights movement. She died at age 69 after a sudden heart attack in Santa Monica, California, where she lived. At the time, <mask> was working on a mystery novel set in Paris.Books
 A Place in the News: From the Women’s Pages to the Front Page, 1988
 This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer, 1993From Pocahontas to Power Suits: Everything You Need to Know About Women's History in America, 1995
 Something Better for My Children: The History and People of Head Start, 1998
 Changing Channels: The Civil Rights Case That Transformed Television'', 2004

References

External links

 HuffPost article
 Journalism & Women Symposium
 Remembering '77 Stanford journalism fellow <mask>
 <mask> Papers and Biography, National Women & Media Collection at the State Historical Society of Missouri

1941 births
2011 deaths
American feminists
American historians
American women journalists
American women historians
Pennsylvania State University alumni
20th-century American historians
21st-century American historians
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers

masks:
Kay Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Kay Mills
Mills
Kay Mills
Kay Mills


title: Adam Dollard des Ormeaux

texts:
<mask> (July 23, 1635 – May 21, 1660) is an iconic figure in the history of New France. Arriving in the colony in 1658, Dollard was appointed the position of garrison commander of the fort of Ville-Marie (now Montreal). In the spring of 1660, Dollard led an expedition up the Ottawa River to wage war on the Iroquois. Accompanied by seventeen Frenchmen, Dollard arrived at the foot of Long Sault (near present-day Carillon, Quebec) on May 1 and settled his troops at an abandoned Algonquin fort. He was then joined by forty Huron and four Algonquin allies. Vastly outnumbered by the Iroquois, Dollard and his companions died at the Battle of Long Sault somewhere between May 9 and May 12, 1660. The exact nature or purpose of Dollard's 1660 expedition is uncertain; however, most historians agree that Dollard set out to conduct a "petite guerre" (ambush) against the Iroquois, in order to delay (or prevent altogether) their imminent attack on Ville-Marie.For these reasons, Dollard is regarded as one of the saviors of New France. Dollard in New France
Dollard was born in Lumigny-Nesles-Ormeaux, France in 1635. At the age of 23, he settled in Montreal and took up a career in the military. Aside from some military experience, nothing is known of his activities prior to his arrival in Canada. In Ville-Marie, Dollard had attained a rather positive reputation. In Histoire de Montréal, François Dollier de Casson portrays Dollard as "a youth of courage and of good family" and in the Jesuit Relations, Dollard is described as a "man of accomplishment and generalship". Most importantly, Dollard had gained the trust of Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, who authorized Dollard's expedition to Long Sault.There is little verifiable evidence regarding Dollard's reason for being in Canada, but it is possible he was contemplating life as a settler in the colony. Tellingly, by the end of 1659, Maisonneuve gave him a piece of land comprising 30 arpents (10 hectares). Upon Dollard's death, Pierre Picoté de Belestre inherited his land. Expedition west and the Battle of Long Sault

Against the advice of seasoned Aboriginal fighters, Dollard got the support of the governor of Montreal, Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, to organize an expedition west. The group comprised about 16 volunteers who had little or no experience in Aboriginal warfare. After a 10-day canoe trip up the Ottawa River, they set up camp not far from Carillon, Quebec, in a former stockade. They were soon surrounded by about 700 Iroquois and after a siege lasting several days, they were all killed or captured in what became known as the Battle of Long Sault.For reasons unknown, the Iroquois did not continue east to capture Ville-Marie. The events were witnessed by about 40 Huron allies who at times had joined the colonists in the stockade and at other times had harried the Iroquois from outside. According to some scholars, the battle so weakened the Iroquois they canceled their planned attack on Ville-Marie (Montreal) and returned home. For over a century <mask> <mask>aux became a heroic figure in New France, and Quebec, as he exemplified selfless personal sacrifice, as well as martyrdom for the church, and for the colony. Agreements on the validity of this interpretation are debatable. The reason for Dollard and his companions for ambushing the Iroquois is up to debate. Tradition holds that Dollard anticipated an Iroquois attack on Ville-Marie (Montreal).In response, he amassed a small force of seventeen Frenchmen, four Algonquins, and about forty Hurons. They fought to the death and saved Ville-Marie from invasion. There are many scholars who claim his reasons were different. According to André Vachon, some historians claim that Dollard was in debt and thereby sought to steal the furs from the Iroquois who were returning from their winter's hunt. This theory is often criticized. One of such criticisms lies on the fact that Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve approved of this expedition, which implied that the goals of the expedition were justified on more civil service or military grounds. The more likely reason relates to the reasons given by the traditional narrative.However, a more historical analysis of the context of late 17th century New France is better for establishing a more concrete cause for this mission. Many historians, such as John A. Dickinson, argue that not enough attention has been given to considerations of indigenous culture in this debate. The Iroquois and the Huron at this time were in conflict with one another. Prior to 1660, the Iroquois wiped out a great many Hurons leaving very few of them in the area of Ville-Marie. Moreover, indigenous warfare, among other things, involves codes of honor. Therefore, as some historians argue, the forty Huron who went up the Ottawa River to intercept the Iroquois did so to fight them because of issues involving honor. The reasons for the Iroquois not to attack Montreal can simply be that the Iroquois did not have any immediate conflict with the French.The location of the battle is a topic of intense controversy. Traditionally, the battle was fought along the Ottawa River near Carillon, Quebec. This location is based on nationalistic traditions on the part of Quebec historians. Supporters of this location also refer to the countless texts written after the event and for many years after which maintain this tradition. However, other scholars place the event on the southern side of the Ottawa River on the now Ross Farm in Ontario. The location being either in Ontario or Quebec has cultural implications. However, both sides of the debate agree that Dollard and his both French and Indigenous comrades would have taken the route following the Ottawa River since they sought to intercept the Iroquois coming back from their winter hunt.Similar to the Carillon advocates, the Ross farm advocates, in part, base their conclusions on tradition. Traditions include known battles between French and Iroquois in this area, old French inhabitants of the area placing the battle there, and also from the testimony of a Huron eyewitness to the battle. Archeological evidence is also referenced by Ross farm advocates. Archeological excavations of palisades (in which Dollard and his comrades fought in) and considerations of topography coincide with the testimonies of the Huron survivors along with other oral and written traditions. Cultural legacy

Representations of Dollard as a Cultural Figure in French Canadian History

The first sources written concerning the Battle of Long Sault are a series of letters composed by Marie Guyart, founder of the Ursuline institute of New France, and a collection of compiled documents from various Jesuit missionaries entitled Relations. These sources, written immediately after Dollard's death in 1660, give descriptive accounts of the battle and emphasize the dualism between Christianity and the Barbarism of the Natives. Although he is singled out as the leader in these earliest recorded stories, Dollard <mask>meaux is not the main focus of the battle.In 1672, François Dollier de Casson wrote Histoire de Montréal. His book included a chapter dedicated solely to Dollard des Ormeaux and the Battle of Long Sault. This work marked a shift in Dollard's personal role in the battle. In Dollier's account, Dollard becomes a central heroic figure. He is characterized by an air of mystery and strong leadership abilities. He also occupies a more active role in the proceedings. Similar to Guyart's account, Dollard is aligned with Christianity in opposition to the barbarism of the Natives.These accounts of Dollard provided a basis that allowed him to develop into and be upheld as a heroic figure in French-Canadian culture, post-British conquest. These sources also set a precedent of anti-Native American sentiment surrounding the veneration of Dollard. With the exception of a brief mention in the work of Charlevoix in the 1700s, Dollard and the Battle of Long Sault does not reappear in French Canadian writing until the 1840s. The re-emergence of the tale coincides with the union of Upper and Lower Canada and the ensuing fear that French Canadians would lose control over their rights. The story of Dollard was used by authors in this period, such as François-Xavier Garneau, to secure a space for the French in the national history of Canada. Garneau's text emphasizes the loyalty of Dollard and his soldiers to their nation and the unity of their action. The rise of industrialization and ultramontanism in the 1860s marked another shift in the story of Dollard.The Catholic Church had become an influential representative of French Canadian interests within the country. To provide ideal moral models, the Catholic clergy wrote versions of history with an emphasis on Christian heroes. In 1865, Étienne-Michel Faillon published L'Histoire de la colonie française au Canada which included an account of the Battle of Long Sault. Faillon's writing places heavy emphasis on the duality between Christianity and barbarity. The language used by Faillon is aggrandizing and glorifies Dollard and his soldiers far more than previous accounts. Dollard, in Faillon's account, becomes an ideal model of Christian morality. Faillon's text became the canon of the Dollard story in French Canadian culture.This attitude was perpetuated throughout the early 1900s. The writing of Lionel Groulx, for instance, portrays Dollard as a figure of French Canadian nationalism and Catholicism. Groulx's writing, in particular, emphasizes the youth of Dollard and upholds him as a model for French Canadian children. Since controversy has come to light surrounding the circumstances of the Battle of Long Sault, modern historians have challenged traditional visions of Dollard as a hero in Quebec culture. Notable historians on this subject include E. R. Adair and Gustave Lanctot. English history

Dollard not only occupies a prominent position in French Canadian culture but also appears as a figure in English Canadian history. In the 1860s, Francis Parkman wrote an English account of the Battle of Long Sault.His version focuses less on Catholicism and instead uses the story as a model of continuity of European settlements in the Canadas. The arts

There have been tributes to Dollard <mask>meaux in Canadian poetry, theatre, and literature. As a response to French marginalization throughout Canada, a lot of this work generally focuses on themes of heroism and the strength of French Canadian ancestors. The art also often explores Dollard's martyrdom for the growth of a nation. Natives are largely absent in these bodies of work and when represented, often depicted as negative figures. Public statues

 A monument to Dollard <mask>meaux, created by sculptor Alfred Laliberté and the architect Alphonse Venne, was inaugurated in Parc Lafontaine on June 24, 1920. A bas-relief on the Maisonneuve Monument at Place d'Armes, Montreal, sculpted by Louis-Philippe Hébert, portrays Dollard <mask>meaux in the Battle of Long Sault.Holiday

In Quebec, starting during the time of the Quiet Revolution, Victoria Day became unofficially known as Fête de Dollard. In 2003, provincial legislation officially declared the date to be National Patriots' Day. Toponymy
In Quebec, as well as the Montreal suburb Dollard-des-Ormeaux, there are dozens of places, including streets, squares, and parks, which commemorate the name. References

1635 births
1660 deaths
1660s in Canada
French emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Military history of Canada
People of New France
17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Dollard-des-Ormeaux
French military personnel killed in action
Immigrants to New France

masks:
Adam Dollard des Ormeaux
Dollard
des Orme
des Or
des Or
des Or
des Or


title: Philip I. Marcus

texts:
<mask><mask> (June 3, 1927 in Springfield, Massachusetts – September 1, 2013 in Farmington, Connecticut) was an American virologist and a leader in interferon research. From 2003 he was a Board of Trustees Distinguished Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of Connecticut. Early life and education
<mask> was born June 3, 1927, in Springfield, Massachusetts, the son of <mask> and Marley Spier (Sheffield, England), and the brother of Maxine Altshuler, and <mask>. In 1945 he graduated Springfield Technical High School (which would later merge with Springfield Classical High School to form Springfield Central High School) the STEM system of its time. During World War II, while in high school, he worked at the great forges in the Springfield Armory immortalized by Longfellow's poem "The Arsenal at Springfield." He enlisted in the Army Specialized Training Reserve Program and was assigned in 1945 to attend the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut. <mask> received his education directly as a result of the G.I.Bill. After six months each at the University of Connecticut and the University of Maine (in Orono) he had earned two years of college credit. Assigned to active duty in the US Air Force and stationed in Istres, France, he rose to the level of staff sergeant within a year. The GI Bill enabled him to attend college, the first in his family to do so. He took some courses in general education and engineering while serving in the United States Army Air Force in 1945–46 then, after a year abroad as part of the US occupation forces in Europe, left the USAAF and studied for his BS in Bacteriology in 1950 at the University of Southern California, his MS in microbiology in 1953 at the University of Chicago (where he first met Leó Szilárd) and earned his PhD microbiology/biophysics in 1957 from the University of Colorado Medical Center, where he also was an associate professor and worked with Theodore Puck. Career
While at the University of Chicago, he worked with Aaron Novick and Leó Szilárd and later with Paul Talalay. In Colorado, he became codiscoverer of the clonogenic assay and the feeder cell system, making it possible to grow clones from single mammalian cells as in stem cells.He was the first to clone the immortalized HeLa cells. That procedure led to the first determination of human cell sensitivity to X-rays. Over fifty years later he documented that a luncheon conversation with Leó Szilárd, the nuclear physicist, led to the concept and physical setup for the first clonogenic assay. Dr. <mask> then spent nine years on the faculty of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in NY supported by a ten-year U.S. Public Health Service Research Career Development Award. While there he showed the dynamic movement of virus molecules on the surface of infected cells, and with a pediatrician colleague, Dr. David Carver, developed a new test to detect rubella virus. During this time in New York, he was director for nine years of the post-doctoral course on quantitative animal virology and cell culture that was taught in the summer at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (NY). In 1969 <mask> returned to the University of Connecticut, where he was appointed head of the Microbiology Section.He spent the remainder of his career at the University of Connecticut, where he administered the first Program Project on campus supported by the National Institute of Health, chaired the first Biosafety Committee, created a Virus and Interferon Research Laboratory recognized internationally for its innovative studies, published over 130 scientific papers, and was awarded five U.S. patents. As an early director of the Biotechnology Center, he helped attract companies with a focus on biotechnology to Connecticut. Then, for twelve years as director of the Biotechnology/ Services Center, he expanded the acquisition of state-of-the art instruments, which drew scientists to the facility. He continued to advance biotechnology in Connecticut as a charter member of the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering and was pleased to know that the Research Park planned for Storrs, Connectucut, will be realized. In 1987 he received the University of Connecticut Alumni Association Award for Excellence in Research, and in 2003 was recognized as a board of trustees distinguished professor. His annual course in virology, taught for thirty-six years, was both sought after, and evaded, the former by students looking to be challenged. These students were a source of great pride.Decades later he continued to receive accolades from students expressing appreciation for the opportunity to experience that challenge. <mask> was a member and active participant in a number of professional scientific societies, including the American Society for Virology and the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research, which in 2005 named him as an honorary member. Serving eighteen years as editor-in-chief of the Journal of Interferon Research (later renamed the Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research (JICR)), he went on to serve as senior consulting editor of the JICR for ten years until the present day. For twenty-five years he was an editor for the Journal of Cellular Physiology. He typically mentored two Ph.D. candidates and two undergraduate honors students doing research in the lab. The bulk of his research at the University of Connecticut was in collaboration with long-time associate and faculty member, Dr. Margaret J. Sekellick. Three highlights included: the discovery of the world's most efficient inducer of interferon –a single molecule of double-stranded RNA; the molecular cloning of the first non-human interferon (avian); and the discovery that influenza virus populations contained previously unknown large subpopulations of noninfectious viruses that were nonetheless biologically active.He was an avid reader who, while developing ways to win the war between viruses and cells, imagined how humankind would lose if we destroyed ourselves first. He showed palatable disdain for politicians who did not appreciate the role of basic science in understanding and caring for the world and its many inhabitants. <mask> died on September 1, 2013, at the age of eighty-six. He had spent the past forty-four years on the faculty at the University of Connecticut, known to many as a compassionate professor who donated his time unselfishly to colleagues and students through his research, teaching and service. Research
In 1955 he co-authored a paper on "the first practical and efficient method for growing colonies from individual animal cells", known as the clonogenic assay, which is still used today. He was also the first person to clone HeLa cells, and was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Interferon and Cytokine Research for 18 years. <mask> gives credit to Leó Szilárd for inspiring this achievement in both an interview for Genius in the Shadows, a biography of Szilárd, and in the This Week in Virology 2012 interview.<mask>' further career included positions at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Salk Institute. The primary focus of his research from 1966 until his death was in the field of interferon research. 'His Virus and Interferon Research Laboratory at UConn's Torrey Life Sciences Building became the leading proponent of the theory that double-stranded ribonucleic acid, dsRNA, is the inducer of interferon, and that just one molecule of dsRNA is enough to induce interferon production in a cell, thus activating a cell's response to a virus.' References

External links
Photograph of <mask><mask> in the laboratory of the University Of Chicago in 1953. 1927 births
2013 deaths
People from Springfield, Massachusetts
American virologists
Influenza researchers
University of Connecticut faculty
University of Connecticut alumni
University of Maine alumni
American expatriates in France
University of Southern California alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Albert Einstein College of Medicine faculty

masks:
Philip I
. Marcus
Marcus
Julius Marcus
Emil Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Marcus
Philip I
. Marcus


title: Sharni Vinson

texts:
<mask> (born 22 July 1983) is an Australian-American actress, dancer and model. best known for her roles in Home and Away, Bait 3D, Step Up 3D and You're Next. Early life
Born in Sydney, Vinson grew up in the southern beach suburb of Cronulla. As a teenager, Vinson trained and competed at a national level in swimming, holding a total of four state records throughout high school. Vinson began singing, dancing and acting at a young age, becoming the third generation in her family of performers. In 1945 <mask>'s grandmother was the youngest ballerina to be offered a scholarship in the Brovansky Ballet Company in England. At the age of twelve, Vinson enrolled as a student at the Brent Street School of Performing Arts in Sydney.Career
<mask>'s introduction into the entertainment industry was initially as a musician, before a transition to acting. At seventeen years old, <mask> and three other girls were grouped together in a Pop/R&B girl group, Foxfire IV. The group's first and only single to date, "Roses", failed to make an impact and the group disbanded shortly after. Following her short-lived stint with Foxfire IV, <mask> made her acting debut portraying minor characters in two episodes of the Australian soap opera Home and Away in both 2001 and 2003. Vinson left an impression on the Home and Away casting agent, who subsequently requested her for a regular role on the series. <mask> initially auditioned for the role of Martha MacKenzie, but lost out on the part to fellow cast member at the time Jodi Gordon. <mask> instead portrayed the role of Cassie Turner, a troubled teenager who is taken into foster care after numerous run-ins with the police.<mask> quickly proved popular with the show's audience, receiving a nomination for "Most Popular New Female Talent" for her portrayal of Cassie Turner at the Logie Awards of 2006. In July 2007, speculation arose that <mask> intended to leave the series in order to pursue an acting career in Los Angeles. In November that same year, <mask> confirmed that she would indeed be leaving the series. <mask>'s final appearance on the show was on 2 April 2008. The year following her Home and Away departure, <mask> made her American television debut on the TBS sitcom My Boys. <mask> has since appeared on a number of other American network television series such as NCIS and CSI: NY alongside former boyfriend A.J. Buckley.<mask>'s last television role to date was a guest appearance on the final season of the CBS Crime television series Cold Case which aired in 2010. <mask> also appeared in Matchbox Twenty's "Put Your Hands Up". In March 2009, <mask> was cast as Natalie, the female lead in Step Up 3D, the third installment of the Step Up film series. <mask>'s appearance in the film was marked as her breakout role, having been her most high-profile role since relocating to America. <mask>'s character is a talented and somewhat mysterious dancer, who faces a hard decision between love and family. After initially ultimately joining her boyfriend's dance crew and helping them to victory over the crew of her under-handed and immoral brother. Filming took place in New York City.Despite mixed reviews, the film was a box office success going on to gross over $159 million worldwide and being the highest-grossing installment of the trilogy. <mask>'s follow-up role was in Universal Pictures Straight-to-DVD film Blue Crush 2, a sequel to the 2002 Drama/Romance film Blue Crush which starred Kate Bosworth and Michelle Rodriguez. <mask> portrayed the role of the film's villain Tara, an internationally successful pro-surfer. The film was released in June 2011. In October 2010 <mask> returned to Australia to begin production on <mask>'s first role in an Australian film in the Paramount Pictures horror film Bait 3D as Tina, the protagonist's ex-girlfriend. The film follows a group of people trapped inside a flooded supermarket, following a freak tsunami, with a 12-foot great white shark. Vinson was reunited with former Home and Away cast member Lincoln Lewis.The film was shot in Brisbane on a $20 million budget. The film which was released in September 2012, was released to mixed reviews and failed to make an impact on the domestic box office. However, the film's found international box office success in China, Italy and Thailand, with the film returning its budget earning $29 million worldwide. Following Bait 3D, <mask> was cast in another horror film project, which went on to be <mask>'s most critically acclaimed role to date. You're Next centers on a family reunion, that goes terribly wrong once a group of mysterious masked killers start killing off each person one by one. <mask> portrayed the role of the film's protagonist Erin, the girlfriend to one of the family's sons. <mask> was able to portray Erin with her natural Australian accent.Initially an independent film, the film's premiere at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival secured the film with a distribution deal with Lionsgate. However, the film was not released till almost two years later following the festival, securing a North American release date in August 2013. The film received mostly positive reviews from critics, with <mask>'s performance praised with Total Film placing her character in the number one spot on its '50 Most Bad-Ass Female Horror Leads'. In March 2014 <mask> appeared in the Australian independent film Patrick, a remake of the 1978 film of the same name. Another horror project for Vinson. <mask> portrayed the role of a nurse Kathy Jacquar, whose comatose patient Patrick uses his psychic powers to stalk her. In July 2013, the film premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival and received a limited theatrical release in March 2014, in both Australia only.The film is <mask>'s most critically acclaimed film to date, receiving 83% on Rotten Tomatoes based on eighteen film reviews. In 2015, <mask> appears alongside John Cusack and Jackie Chan in Dragon Blade. Personal life
As of January 2019, <mask> holds dual citizenship for Australia and the United States. Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1983 births
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
American film actresses
American soap opera actresses
Living people
Actresses from Sydney
Singers from Sydney
21st-century Australian actresses
21st-century American actresses
Australian female dancers
Australian women singers
American female dancers
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American people of Australian descent

masks:
Sharni Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
Vinson
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