title: Jonathan Demme

texts:
<mask> ( ; February 22, 1944 – April 26, 2017) was an American filmmaker. Beginning his career under B-movie producer Roger Corman, <mask> made his directorial debut with the 1974 women-in-prison film Caged Heat, before becoming known for his casually humanist films such as Melvin and Howard (1980), Swing Shift (1984), Something Wild (1986), and Married to the Mob (1988). His direction of the 1991 psychological horror film The Silence of the Lambs (1991) won him the Academy Award for Best Director. His subsequent films earned similar acclaim, notably Philadelphia (1993) and Rachel Getting Married (2008). <mask> also directed numerous concert films such as Stop Making Sense (1984), Neil Young: Heart of Gold (2006), and Justin Timberlake + The Tennessee Kids (2016), and worked on several television series as both a producer and director. Early life
<mask> was born on February 22, 1944 in Baldwin, New York, the son of Dorothy Louise (née Rogers) and <mask>, a public relations executive. He was raised in Rockville Centre, New York and Miami, where he graduated from Southwest Miami High School before attending the University of Florida.Career

Early films
<mask> broke into feature film working for exploitation film producer Roger Corman early in his career, co-writing and producing Angels Hard as They Come (1971), a motorcycle movie very loosely based on Rashomon, and The Hot Box (1972). He then moved on to directing three films for Corman's studio New World Pictures: Caged Heat (1974), Crazy Mama (1975), and Fighting Mad (1976). After Fighting Mad, <mask> directed the comedy film Handle with Care (originally titled Citizens Band, 1977) for Paramount Pictures. The film was well received by critics, but received little promotion, and performed poorly at the box office. <mask>'s next film, Melvin and Howard (1980), did not get a wide release, but received a groundswell of critical acclaim and film award recognition, including Academy Award nominations, winning two of its three nominations (Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – Mary Steenburgen, and Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay – Bo Goldman). This acclaim led to the signing of <mask> to direct the Goldie Hawn and Kurt Russell star vehicle Swing Shift (1984). Intended as a prestige picture for Warner Bros. as well as a major commercial vehicle for <mask>, it instead became a troubled production due to the conflicting visions of <mask> and star Hawn.<mask> ended up renouncing the finished product, and when the film was released in May 1984, it was generally panned by critics and neglected by moviegoers. After Swing Shift, <mask> stepped back from Hollywood to make the Talking Heads concert film Stop Making Sense (also 1984) which won the National Society of Film Critics Award for best documentary; the eclectic screwball action-romantic comedy Something Wild (1986); a film-version of the stage production Swimming to Cambodia (1987), by monologist Spalding Gray; and the New York Mafia-by-way-of Downtown comedy Married to the Mob (1988). <mask> formed his production company, Clinica Estetico, with producers Edward Saxon and Peter Saraf in 1987. They were based out of New York City for fifteen years. Later films
<mask> won the Academy Award for The Silence of the Lambs (1991)—one of only three films to win all the major categories (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Screenplay, Best Actor, and Best Actress). Inspired by his friend Juan Suárez Botas's illness with AIDS and fueled by his own moral convictions, <mask> then used his influence to make Philadelphia (1993), one of the first major films to address the AIDS crisis and which garnered star Tom Hanks his first Best Actor Oscar. He also co-directed (with his nephew Ted) the music video for Bruce Springsteen's Best Song Oscar-winning "Streets of Philadelphia" from the film's soundtrack.Jonathon used several of the same actors for both movies. Subsequently, his films included an adaptation of Toni Morrison's Beloved (1998), and remakes of two films from the 1960s: The Truth About Charlie (2002), based on Charade, that starred Mark Wahlberg in the Cary Grant role; and The Manchurian Candidate (2004), with Denzel Washington and Meryl Streep. <mask>'s documentary film Man from Plains (2007), a documentary about former U.S. President Jimmy Carter's promotional tour publicizing his book Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, had its premiere at the Venice Film Festival and Toronto International Film Festival. His art-house hit Rachel Getting Married (2008) was compared by many critics to <mask>'s films of the late 1970s and 1980s. It was included in many 2008 "best of" lists, and received numerous awards and nominations, including an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress by lead Anne Hathaway. In 2010, <mask> made his first foray into theater, directing Family Week, a play by Beth Henley. The play was produced by MCC Theater and co-starred Rosemarie DeWitt and Kathleen Chalfant.At one time, <mask> was signed on to direct, produce, and write an adaptation of Stephen King's sci-fi novel 11/22/63, but later left due to disagreements with King on what should be included in the script. He returned to the concert documentary format with Justin Timberlake + the Tennessee Kids (2016), which he described as a "performance film, but also a portrait of an artist at a certain moment in the arc of his career", and his last project was a history of rock & roll for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame compiled from footage from Hall of Fame induction ceremonies set to debut in summer 2017. <mask> directed music videos for artists such as Suburban Lawns, New Order, KRS-One's H.E.A.L. project and Bruce Springsteen. He also produced a compilation of Haitian music called Konbit: Burning Rhythms of Haiti that was released in 1989. (Lou Reed selected Konbit... as one of his 'picks of 1989'). <mask> was on the board of directors at Jacob Burns Film Center in Pleasantville, New York.In addition to his role on the board, he curated and hosted a monthly series called Rarely Seen Cinema. Style
Throughout 1986–2004, <mask> was known for his dramatic close-ups in films. This style of close-ups involves the character looking directly into the camera during crucial moments, particularly in the "Quid pro quo" scene in Silence of the Lambs. According to <mask>, this was done to put the viewer into the character's shoes. Beginning with Rachel Getting Married (2008), <mask> adopted a documentary style of filmmaking. Writer/director Paul Thomas Anderson has paid homage to <mask> in his films and has cited him as a major influence in his work. In an interview, Anderson jokingly stated that the three filmmakers who inspired him the most are "<mask>, <mask> and <mask>."Other directors such as Alexander Payne and Wes Anderson have been known to be inspired by his close-ups in their own work. Political activism
<mask> was involved in various political projects. In 1981, he directed a series of commercials for the liberal advocacy group People for the American Way. The spots, titled "Eggs", "Music", and "Sports", were produced by Norman Lear and featured Muhammad Ali, Carol Burnett, and Goldie Hawn celebrating Freedom of Expression. In 1985, he directed a video for Artists United Against Apartheid. The short, featured various international musicians including Afrika Bambaataa, Rubén Blades, Jimmy Cliff, Herbie Hancock, Little Steven, Run–D.M.C., and Bruce Springsteen, calling for a boycott of the South African luxury resort Sun City during Apartheid. His documentary Haiti Dreams of Democracy (1988) captured Haiti's era of democratic rebuilding after dictatorship, while his documentary The Agronomist (2008) profiled Haitian journalist and human rights activist Jean Dominique.<mask> spent six years on the documentary I'm Carolyn Parker (2011), which highlighted rebuilding efforts in New Orleans Lower Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina. Personal life
<mask> was married twice, first to Evelyn Purcell and then Joanne Howard, with whom he had three children: Ramona, Brooklyn, and Jos. He was the uncle of film director <mask>, who died in 2002. <mask>'s cousin was the Rev. Robert Wilkinson Castle Jr., an Episcopal priest who appeared in some of <mask>'s films. <mask> was a member of the steering committee of the Friends of the Apollo Theater, Oberlin, Ohio, along with Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman. In 2013, he returned to Oberlin as part of an alumni reunion during the class of 2013 graduation ceremony and received the award for Honorary Doctor of Fine Arts.In 2009, <mask> signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. <mask> was an avid collector and devotee of Haitian art; in particular of Hector Hyppolite; so much so that he called it "an addiction". In 2014, he held an auction in Philadelphia selling thousands from his collection, much of which was donated to a cultural center in Port-au-Prince. <mask> died at his home in Manhattan on April 26, 2017, from complications from esophageal cancer and heart disease; he was 73. Director Brady Corbet dedicated his 2018 film Vox Lux to <mask>'s memory, as did Luca Guadagnino with his 2018 film Suspiria and Paul Thomas Anderson with his 2017 film Phantom Thread starring Daniel Day Lewis. <mask> is thanked in the credits of Spike Lee's 2020 concert film  American Utopia starring David Byrne. The album A Beginner's Mind by musicians Sufjan Stevens and Angelo De Augustine is dedicated to <mask>, with one of its songs, "Cimmerian Shade", mentioning him and referencing The Silence of the Lambs within its lyrics.Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Storefront Demme

1944 births
2017 deaths
American documentary filmmakers
American film producers
American male screenwriters
American music video directors
American television directors
Artists from Miami
Best Directing Academy Award winners
People from Baldwin, Nassau County, New York
People from Rockville Centre, New York
University of Florida alumni
Silver Bear for Best Director recipients
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Film directors from Florida
Film directors from New York (state)
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Deaths from heart disease
Screenwriters from New York (state)

masks:
Robert Jonathan Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Robert Eugene Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Jonathan Demme
Jonathan Demme
Jonathan Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Ted Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme
Death Demme
Demme
Demme
Demme


title: Bill Gunn (Queensland politician, born 1920)

type: original

texts:
<mask> AM (22 June 1920 – 20 September 2001) was an Australian politician who represented the Queensland Legislative Assembly seat of Somerset from 1972 until 1992. A member of the National Party, he also served as a Minister and Deputy Premier in various Queensland administrations during the 1980s, and was instrumental in establishing the Fitzgerald Inquiry. Early life
<mask> was born in Laidley in the Lockyer Valley west of Brisbane, Queensland, the youngest of seven children to <mask> and his wife Rosia (née Geismann). He attended Laidley North Primary School and Gatton High School, and played representative rugby league football for Ipswich in the Bulimba Cup competition. At 21, he joined the Freemasons' Lodge, in which he was heavily involved until the start of his political career. During World War II, he served in the First Cavalry Mobile Veterinary Service at Gympie, where he developed his knowledge of veterinary practice, which he continued privately after the war. On 12 April 1952, he married Lorna Klibbe, whom he had met working in a local cafe.They were to have five children and, ultimately, 17 grandchildren. Politics
On 20 July 1966, <mask> was appointed to a vacancy on the Laidley Shire Council, and on 10 April 1970, he became Chairman of the Shire, a role in which he served until 1973. At the 1972 state election, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Somerset, which covered much of the Lockyer Valley. Government Minister
After the 1980 state election, he became Minister of Education on 23 December 1980. On 6 December 1982, he vacated this role in order that Lin Powell could enter the ministry, and took on the new portfolio of Commerce and Industry. At the same time he elected as deputy Nationals leader defeating Mike Ahern 18 votes to 16 on the third ballot. Deputy Premier
On 18 August, following a split in the Coalition which saw all Liberal members removed from the Ministry, <mask> was promoted to Deputy Premier.He was also the Minister assisting the Treasurer. On 6 February 1986, he replaced <mask> as Minister for Police, and served as the Queensland representative on the National Crime Authority. During the Joh for Canberra campaign being planned by Premier Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen and a number of his supporters, <mask> assumed control and chaired cabinet meetings on a number of occasions. He was explicitly favoured by Bjelke-Petersen to succeed himself as Premier. However, concerns about corruption in the police force had been aired on Four Corners (in Chris Masters' "Moonlight State", aired on 11 May 1987) and in other media including the state newspaper The Courier-Mail. <mask>, who was described by the Courier-Mail as an "honest and thoroughly decent politician", wanted the allegations investigated and on 26 May 1987, at a meeting chaired by <mask>, the government agreed to a commission of inquiry which came to be known as the Fitzgerald Inquiry. The hearings began two months later and ultimately were to prove the undoing of the conservative government which had been in power for over 30 years.Furthermore, <mask> also renominated Sir Robert Sparkes, by this stage not on good terms with Bjelke-Petersen, to another term as party president. Bjelke-Petersen had been forced to name a retirement date of 8 August 1988, and at the Townsville conference of the National Party in November 1987, delegates approved Sparkes's position with regard to a number of issues, and rebuffed that of Bjelke-Petersen. <mask> told the Courier-Mail on 8 November that Sir Joh was "out of time" and that he should "go fishing, have a rest and do a fair bit of thinking". On 23–24 November, Bjelke-Petersen visited the Governor of Queensland Sir Walter Campbell, attempting to have five ministers sacked—including <mask> for alleged disloyalty in nominating Sparkes as party president—and seeking support for an early election. The Governor, however, received advice from <mask> and fellow ministers Mike Ahern and Brian Austin that Bjelke-Petersen no longer had parliamentary support. He therefore interpreted the crisis as a political rather than constitutional one, and declined to intervene, suggesting the party room should resolve it. On 26 November, a caucus meeting was called to replace Bjelke-Petersen as leader—a spill motion was carried 39 votes to 8, and Ahern won the leadership with 30 votes to <mask>'s 16 and Russ Hinze's 2.<mask> won the deputy leadership unopposed. Bjelke-Petersen finally stepped down on 1 December 1987. Ahern and <mask> then each assumed eight portfolios temporarily while the process of choosing a new Cabinet was undertaken, and on 9 December, <mask> was appointed Deputy Premier, Minister for Public Works, Main Roads, Police and the World Expo 88 to be held in Brisbane. Among other things, he was responsible for a multimillion-dollar program to help local councils develop regional road infrastructure, and getting bullet-proof vests as standard issue for police officers. On 25 September 1989, following Russell Cooper's ascension to the premiership, he became Minister for Finance and Local Government. The National Party was defeated at the December 1989 elections by the Labor Party led by Wayne Goss. <mask>'s seat of Somerset was abolished in a redistribution designed to end the so-called Bjelkemander which had malapportioned seats in favour of country areas, and he retired at the 1992 election.Later life
<mask>'s daughter Helen married a man from Badu Island in the Torres Strait, and <mask> visited the islands many times, developing a love for the islands and their people, culture and history. On 20 September 2001, he died at the Gatton Hospital and was buried privately after a State funeral at the Laidley Cultural Centre six days later. Legacy
The <mask> Dam is named after him. References

External links

1920 births
2001 deaths
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
People from Queensland
Deputy Premiers of Queensland
National Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Queensland
20th-century Australian politicians

masks:
William Angus Manson Gunn
Gunn
Ewen William Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Bill Glasson
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
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Gunn
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Gunn
Gunn
Gunn
Bill Gunn


title: Paul Winfield

texts:
<mask> (May 22, 1939 – March 7, 2004) was an American television, film and stage actor. He was known for his portrayal of a Louisiana sharecropper who struggles to support his family during the Great Depression in the landmark film Sounder (1972), which earned him an Academy Award nomination. He portrayed Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1978 television miniseries King, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award. <mask> was also known for his roles in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Terminator, L.A. Law, and 24 episodes of the sitcom 227. He received four Emmy nominations overall, winning in 1995 for his 1994 guest role in Picket Fences. Early years
<mask> was the son of Lois Beatrice Edwards, a single mother who was a union organizer in the garment industry. Although published obituaries stated he was born in Los Angeles on May 22, 1941, some primary sources indicate he was born May 22, 1939, in Dallas, Texas.His stepfather from the age of eight was <mask>, a city trash collector and construction worker. He graduated from Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles. From there, he attended the University of Portland, 1957–59; Stanford University, 1959; Los Angeles City College, 1959–63; University of California, Los Angeles, 1962–64; University of Hawaii, 1965 and the University of California, Santa Barbara, 1970–71. Career
A lifetime member of The Actors Studio, <mask> carved out a diverse career in film, television, theater and voiceovers by taking groundbreaking roles at a time when black actors were rarely even cast. He first appeared in the 1965 Perry Mason episode, "The Case of the Runaway Racer," as Mitch, a race car mechanic. His first major feature film role was in the 1969 film The Lost Man starring Sidney Poitier. <mask> first became well known to television audiences when he appeared for several years opposite Diahann Carroll on the groundbreaking television series Julia.Filmed during a high point of racial tensions in the United States, the show was unique in featuring a black female as the central character. He also starred as Martin Luther King Jr. in the 1978 miniseries King. In 1973, <mask> was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 1972 film Sounder, and his co-star in that film, Cicely Tyson, was nominated for Best Actress. Prior to their nominations and Diana Ross's for Lady Sings the Blues the same year, only three other black Americans – Dorothy Dandridge, Sidney Poitier and James Earl Jones – had ever been nominated for a leading role. He also appeared, in a different role, in the 2003 Disney-produced television remake of Sounder, which was directed by Kevin Hooks, his co-star from the original. <mask> played the part of "Jim the Slave" in Huckleberry Finn (1974) which was a musical based on the novel by Mark Twain. <mask> would recall late in his career that as a young actor he had played one of the two leads in Of Mice and Men in local repertory, made up in whiteface, since a black actor playing it would have been unthinkable.<mask> also starred in miniseries, including Scarlett, and two based on the works of novelist Alex Haley: Roots: The Next Generations and Queen: The Story of an American Family. <mask> gained a new segment of fans for his brief but memorable roles in several science fiction television series and movies. He portrayed starship Starfleet Captain Terrell, an unwilling minion of the villain Khan, in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, and Lieutenant Ed Traxler, a friendly but crusty cop partnered with Lance Henriksen in The Terminator. In 1996, he was part of the 'name' ensemble cast in Tim Burton's comic homage to 1950s science fiction Mars Attacks!, playing the complacently self-satisfied Lt. General Casey. On the small screen he appeared as Dathon, an alien captain who communicates in allegories, in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Darmok". He also appeared in the second season Babylon 5 episode "Gropos" as General Richard Franklin, the father of regular character Dr. Stephen Franklin, and on the fairy tale sitcom The Charmings as The Evil Queen's wise-cracking Magic Mirror. He also portrayed the character of Julian Barlow in the television series 227 during its last two seasons.<mask> also took on roles as homosexual characters in the films Mike's Murder in 1984 and again in 1998 in the film Relax...It's Just Sex. He found success off-camera due to his unique voice. He provided voices on the cartoons Spider-Man, The Magic School Bus, Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child, Batman Beyond, Gargoyles, K10C, and The Simpsons, on the latter voicing the Don King parody Lucius Sweet. In his voiceover career, he is perhaps best known as the narrator for the A&E true crime series City Confidential, a role he began in 1998 and continued with until his death in 2004. Throughout his career, <mask> frequently managed to perform in the theater. His only Broadway production, Checkmates, in 1988, co-starring Ruby Dee, was also the Broadway debut of Denzel Washington. He also appeared in productions at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles, and The Shakespeare Theatre in Washington, D.C. <mask> was nominated for an Emmy Award for his performances in King and Roots: The Next Generations.He won an Emmy Award, in 1995, for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series, for his appearance as Judge Harold Nance in an episode of the CBS drama Picket Fences. Personal life and death
<mask> was gay, but remained discreet about it in the public eye. Prior to realizing his sexuality, he had a relationship with his Sounder co-star Cicely Tyson for 18 months. His partner of 30 years, architect Charles Gillan Jr., died on March 5, 2002, of bone cancer. <mask> long battled obesity and diabetes. He died of a heart attack in 2004 at age 64 at Queen of Angels – Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles. <mask> and Gillan are interred together at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Los Angeles.Filmography

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

1939 births
2004 deaths
Age controversies
20th-century African-American people
20th-century American male actors
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century African-American people
African-American male actors
American gay actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Emmy Award winners
LGBT African Americans
LGBT people from California
Los Angeles City College alumni
Male actors from Los Angeles
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Portland alumni

masks:
Paul Edward Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Clarence Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield
Winfield


title: Deanna Edwards

texts:
<mask>. Jamieson (née <mask>) (June 13, 1970 - June 22, 2015 from Walled Lake, Michigan United States) was an amateur "Old School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years were from 1981-1987. She retired in 1987 but resumed racing in 2004. Racing career milestones

Note: Professional firsts are on the national level unless otherwise indicated. {| class="sortable wikitable"
!style="width:20em"| Milestone
!style="width:35em"| Event Details
|-
|Started racing:  ||February 15, 1980 at nine years old at the Bogie Downs race track. She got into racing because Raleigh, a bicycle company, did not name girls in one of their advertisements. |-
|Sanctioning body: ||
|-
|Sanctioning body district(s): ||American Bicycle Association (ABA): Michigan District 5 (MI-5) 1981-1987
|-
|First race bike: ||
|-
|First race result: ||2nd place. |-
|First win (local): ||
|-
|First sponsor: ||
|-
|First national win:  ||
|-
|Turned Professional: ||No professional career.|-
|Height and weight at height of her career (1987): ||Ht:5'10 (2005)
|-
|Retired: ||Originally 1987 at age 17. Her last race was the 1987 NBL Grandnational in which she won her 16 & Over girls' class and took National No.1 for that division. She retired because she was burned out with the traveling taking its toll and she wanted to be a "normal kid." She resumed racing in 2004 at age 34. Still active. |-
|}

Career factory and major bike shop sponsorsNote: This listing only denotes the racer's primary sponsors. At any given time a racer could have numerous ever-changing co-sponsors.Primary sponsorships can be verified by BMX press coverage and sponsor's advertisements at the time in question. When possible exact dates are used. AmateurDavis Racing: Early 1982-1983Columbus Schwinn: Early 1984-December 1984GT (Gary Turner) Racing: December 1984-Mid December 1986 Left because the ABA and NBL dropped its requirement that team must have at least one girl on it and the new team manager wanted to take the team "..in a different direction. ".World Class: Mid December 1986-September 1987 Edward's last race was the 1987 NBL Grand Nationals. Retired for 16 years (1988–2004) Restarted racing 2004Supercross: 2004–Present

Professional
No professional career. Career bicycle motocross titlesNote: Listed are District, State/Provincial/Department, Regional, National, and International titles in italics. "Defunct" refers to the fact of that sanctioning body in question no longer existing at the start of the racer's career or at that stage of his/her career.Depending on point totals of individual racers, winners of Grand Nationals do not necessarily win National titles. Series and one off Championships are also listed in block. AmateurNational Bicycle Association (NBA)NoneNational Bicycle League (NBL)1982 10-11 Girls Grandnational Champion
1982 10-11 Girls National No.1
1983 12-13 Girls National No.1
1984 14 Girls National No.1
1985 15 Girls Grandnational Champion
1985 15 Girls National No.1
1986 16 & Over Girls Murray World Cup V Champion
1986, 1987 16 & Over Girls Grandnational Champion. 1986 & 1987 16 & Over Girls National No.1
2007 36-40 Women Cruiser Grand National ChampionAmerican Bicycle Association (ABA)1982, 1985, 1986 Michigan District #5 (Mich-5) No.1 Girl
1983 13-14 Girls International Super Bowl of BMX Champion*
1985 15 & Over Girls National No.2
1986 13 & Over Girls Cruiser Grandnational Champion. This was the very first race of this class. 1987 13 & Over Girls Cruiser Grandnational Champion. Retired for 16 years (1988–2004) Restarted racing 2004
2006 36-40 Women Cruiser National No.1*The ABA International Super Bowl of BMX was a series of 33 qualifying races around the country culminating in a Championship race in Toledo, Ohio.To qualify a racer had to participate in one of the 33 races in the series. Then the qualifiers participate in three Double point races in Ohio a day before the finals. The main event qualifiers will then be trimmed down to the sixteen riders with the most points via tabulation. Those 16 will make up the Simis for the Triple point Super Bowl race event itself with the qualifiers from those semis racing for the title in the main. Each Super Bowl main amateur or Pro was run three times to determine the champion in his/her class.Fédération Internationale Amateur de Cyclisme (FIAC)*NoneInternational Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)*1981 10-11 Powder Puff International Champion.Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)*2007 35-39 Women Cruiser World ChampionUSA Cycling1981 JAG 10-11 Powder Puff World Champion (fastest personal lap time: 29.93 seconds)
2007 35-39 USAC Women's Cruiser World Champion*Note: Beginning in 1991 the IBMXF and FIAC had been holding joint World Championship events as a transitional phase in merging which began in earnest in 1993. Beginning with the 1996 season the IBMXF and FIAC completed the merger and both ceased to exist as independent entities being integrated into the UCI. Beginning with the 1997 World Championships held in Brighton, England the UCI would officially hold and sanction BMX World Championships and with it inherited all precedents, records, streaks, etc.from both the IBMXF and FIAC. Professional
No professional career

Notable Accolades
Inducted into the BMX Hall of Fame, Female Racer - 2014

Significant injuries
Suffered a three to four inch Type 4 AC left shoulder separation and one broken finger on her right hand in a crash in the first turn at the ABA Mid-West Nationals in Rockford, Illinois on June 21, 2009 (Day 2). She is currently awaiting surgery which will involve installing titanium screws in a procedure called "Tightrope" and is expected to be out five months returning for the 2009 ABA Grand National in late November 2009.<mask>'s June 22, 2009 vintagebmx.com posting on the matterDeann'a Update on her condition in a July 2, 2009 post on vintagebmx.com site. Racing habits and traits

Miscellaneous
She was the second female to perform a bicycle evaluation for a major BMX magazine when she tested a GT Mach One for the December 1985 issue of BMX Action Misty Dong was the first when she evaluated the Raleigh R6000 in the February 1984 issue of Super BMX magazine. She won the first 13 & over Girls Cruiser class which was introduced at the 1986 ABA Grandnationals as a test/exhibition event Michelle Gibson won for 12 & Under Girls Cruiser. Amateur Girls cruiser began as a full competitive division in the following season of 1987. BMX press magazine interviews and articles

BMX magazine coversNote: Only magazines that were in publication at the time of the racer's career(s) are listed unless specifically noted.Minicycle/BMX Action & Super BMX:NoneBicycle Motocross Action & Go:NoneBMX Plus!:NoneTotal BMX:Bicycles and Dirt: (published by the ABA)
NoneBMX World (2005 version):Bicycles Today & BMX Today (The official NBL publication under two names):ABA Action, American BMXer, BMXer''' (The official ABA publication under three names):

Death

Deanna passed on June 22, 2015 after a brief battle with cancer. References

External links
 The American Bicycle Association (ABA) Website. The National Bicycle League (NBL) Website. Roostbmx.com bio profile

1970 births
2015 deaths
American female cyclists
BMX riders
People from Walled Lake, Michigan
21st-century American women

masks:
Deanna J
Edwards
Deanna


title: Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick

texts:
<mask> (<mask>; ; 17 November 1887 – 30 January 1953) was the reigning Duke of Brunswick from 2 November 1913 to 8 November 1918. He was a grandson of George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians had deposed from the Hanoverian throne in 1866, and Christian IX of Denmark. Early life

<mask> was born at Penzing near Vienna, the sixth and youngest child of former Crown Prince <mask> of Hanover and his wife, Princess Thyra of Denmark. His great-grandfather, Prince <mask>, Duke of Cumberland, the fifth son of George III of the United Kingdom, became king of Hanover in 1837 because Salic Law barred Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom, from inheriting the Hanoverian throne. His father succeeded as pretender to the Hanoverian throne and as Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale in the peerage of Great Britain in 1878. The younger <mask> became heir apparent to the dukedom of Cumberland and to the Hanoverian claim upon the deaths of his two elder brothers, George and Christian. Through his mother, he was a first cousin of Christian X of Denmark, Haakon VII of Norway, George V of the United Kingdom, Constantine I of Greece and Nicholas II of Russia.In 1884, the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, a distant cousin, died. Since the younger branch of the House of Guelph ended with him, under house rules it would have passed to the Duke of Cumberland, who immediately claimed the throne. However, the Imperial Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, managed to get the Federal Council (Bundesrat) of the German Empire to rule that the Duke of Cumberland would disturb the peace of the empire if he ascended the throne of Brunswick. Bismarck did this because the duke had never formally renounced his claims to the kingdom of Hanover, which had been annexed to Prussia in 1866 following the end of the Austro-Prussian War (Hanover had sided with losing Austria). Instead, Prince Albrecht of Prussia became the regent of Brunswick. After Prince Albrecht's death in 1906, the duke offered that he and his elder son, Prince George, would renounce their claims to the Duchy in order to allow <mask>, his only other surviving son, to take possession of the Duchy, but this option was rejected by the Bundesrat and the regency continued, this time under Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, who had previously acted as regent for his nephew in Mecklenburg. Marriage and accession to the duchy of Brunswick

When <mask>'s older brother George died in an automobile accident on 20 May 1912, the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, sent a message of condolence to the Duke of Cumberland.In response to this friendly gesture, the Duke sent his only surviving son, <mask>, to Berlin to thank the Emperor for his message. <mask> and Wilhelm II were third cousins through George III of the United Kingdom. In Berlin, <mask> met and fell in love with the emperor's only daughter, Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia. On 24 May 1913, <mask> and Victoria Louise, third cousins once removed through descent from George III's sons King <mask> of Hanover and Edward, Duke of Kent, were married to each other. This marriage ended the decades-long rift between the Houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover. The wedding of Prince <mask> and Princess Victoria Louise was also the last great gathering of European sovereigns before the outbreak of the Great War. In addition to the German Emperor and Empress and the Duke and Duchess of Cumberland, King George V and Queen Mary of the United Kingdom and Tsar Nicholas II attended.Upon the announcement of his betrothal to Princess Victoria Louise in February 1913, <mask> swore allegiance to the German Empire and accepted a commission as a cavalry captain and company commander in the Zieten–Hussars, a Prussian Army regiment in which his grandfather (George V) and great-grandfather (<mask>) had been colonels. Two imprisoned British spies Captain Stewart and Captain Trench, were pardoned and released by the German Emperor as a wedding present to the United Kingdom. George V of the United Kingdom had given consent to the marriage on 17 March 1913, as required by the Royal Marriages Act. On 27 October 1913, the Duke of Cumberland formally renounced his claims to the duchy of Brunswick in favor of his surviving son. The following day, the Federal Council voted to allow <mask> to become the reigning Duke of Brunswick. The new Duke of Brunswick formally took possession of his duchy on 1 November. He received a promotion to colonel in the Prussian Zieten Hussars.The new duke and duchess of Brunswick moved into Brunswick Palace in the capital of Brunswick and began their family with the birth of their eldest son, Prince <mask>, less than a year after their wedding. During the First World War, <mask> rose to the rank of major-general. Abdication and later life
In 1917, the British dukedom of <mask>'s father, and his own title as a Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, were suspended by the Titles Deprivation Act 1917, as a result of the Duke's service in the German army during the war. On 8 November 1918, <mask> was forced to abdicate his throne, as were all the other German kings, grand dukes, dukes, and princes during the German Revolution of 1918–1919. Thus, when his father died in 1923, <mask> did not succeed to his father's title of Duke of Cumberland. For the next thirty years, <mask> remained as head of the House of Hanover, living in retirement on his various estates, mainly Blankenburg Castle in Germany and Cumberland Castle in Gmunden, Austria. He also owned Marienburg Castle near Hanover, although rarely ever living there until 1945.While <mask> never officially joined the Nazi Party, he donated funds and was close to several leaders. As a former British prince, <mask>, as well as Victoria Louise, desired a rapprochement between England and Germany. Ostensibly desiring to pursue an alliance with the UK, in the mid-1930s, Adolf Hitler took advantage of their sentiment by asking the couple to arrange a match between their daughter Princess Frederica and the Prince of Wales. The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick refused, believing that the age difference was too great. After his abdication in 1936, Edward VIII and his wife visited "the Cumberlands" at Cumberland Castle in Gmunden, Austria. In 1938 Princess Frederica married Prince Paul of Greece, brother and heir-presumptive of King George II of Greece. By the time the Second World War ended in Europe in April 1945, he and his family were staying at Blankenburg.A few days before Blankenburg was handed over to the Red Army by British and U.S. forces in late 1945, to become part of East Germany, the family was able to move to Marienburg Castle, at the time located in the British Occupation Zone, with all their furniture, transported by British Army trucks, on the order of . He lived to see one of his children become a consort to a monarch – in 1947 his daughter Frederica became Queen of the Hellenes when her husband Prince Paul of Greece and Denmark succeeded his brother as King. The Duke of Brunswick is also the maternal grandfather of Queen Sophia of Spain and the former King Constantine II of Greece. <mask> died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. He was interred, later to be joined by the remains of his wife, in front of the Royal Mausoleum in the Berggarten at Herrenhausen Gardens in Hanover, which is the burial chapel of King <mask> of Hanover and his wife. After the destruction of the former Leine Palace during the Second World War, the remains of the Duke's ancestors King George I of Great Britain and his parents were also moved to the mausoleum. Issue
The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick had five children:

 <mask>, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick (18 March 1914 – 9 December 1987); married (1) 1951, Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (19 December 1925 – 6 February 1980), and had issue; and (2) 1981, Countess Monika zu Solms-Laubach (8 August 1929 – 4 June 2015).Prince George William (25 March 1915 – 8 January 2006); married 1946, Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (26 June 1914 – 24 November 2001), and had issue. Princess Frederica (18 April 1917 – 6 February 1981); married 1938 Paul I of the Hellenes (14 December 1901 – 6 March 1964), and had issue. Prince Christian Oscar Ernst August Wilhelm Viktor Georg Heinrich of Hanover (1 September 1919 – 10 December 1981); married 1963 (divorced 1976) Mireille Dutry (b. 10 January 1946), and had issue. Prince Welf Heinrich Ernst August Georg Christian Berthold Friedrich Wilhelm Louis Ferdinand of Hanover (11 March 1923 – 12 July 1997); married 1960 Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen (23 October 1937 – 1 June 2015), and had no issue. Honours
  Grand Cross of Henry the Lion, ca. 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 1 November 1913 (Duchy of Brunswick)
  Knight of St. George, 29 August 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
  Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order, ca.1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
  Grand Cross of the Order of Ernst August, ca. 1903; Sovereign Grand Master, 14 November 1923 (Hanoverian Royal Family)
  Knight of the Elephant, 15 November 1905 (Denmark)
  Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise (Denmark)
  King Christian IX Centenary Medal (Denmark)
  Knight of St. Hubert, 1909 (Kingdom of Bavaria)
  Knight of the Black Eagle, 13 February 1913 (German Empire)
  Grand Cross of the Red Eagle, ca. February 1913 (German Empire)
  Knight of St. Andrew, 24 May 1913 (Russian Empire)
  War Merit Cross, 2nd Class, ca. 1914 (Duchy of Brunswick)
  War Merit Cross, 1st Class, ca. 1914 (Duchy of Brunswick)
  Iron Cross, 2nd Class, ca. 1914 (German Empire)
  Iron Cross, 1st Class, ca. 1914 (German Empire)
  Grand Cross of St. Stephen, ca.1914 (Austria-Hungary)
  Grand Cross of the Redeemer, 9 January 1938 (Kingdom of Greece)

Ancestry

References

Sources
 Succession Laws in the House of Braunschweig, by François R. Velde
 - Total pages: 544

External links

1887 births
1953 deaths
Dukes of Brunswick
Hanoverian princes
Princes of the United Kingdom
Protestant monarchs
House of Hanover
People from Penzing (Vienna)
Nobility from Vienna
Major generals of Prussia
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Heirs apparent who never acceded

masks:
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus Christian George
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus
Ernest Augustus


title: Inia Te Wiata

texts:
<mask>ne Iarahi Waihurihia <mask>  (10 June 191526 June 1971) was a New Zealand Māori bass-baritone opera singer, film actor, whakairo (carver) and artist. Early life
<mask>wa ki te Tonga iwi. His father, <mask>, died in the 1918 influenza epidemic. His mother Constance Helena Johnson remarried soon afterwards and <mask> was brought up by Pairoroku and Rakate Rikihana, relatives of his father. He developed an interest in singing and first performed on stage at the age of 7. He attended the Otaki state school and was taught music by Miss Edith Miller. After primary school he attended Otaki Māori College.At the age of 13 his voice broke and settled into a bass-baritone. Afterwards he joined his cousin's quartet, which included Wi Nicholls, Henry Tahiwi and Dan Rikihana. Other family members encouraged <mask> in his singing – particularly Mrs Mihi Taylor, a member of the Rikihana family. She taught both <mask>ta and his cousin to sing duets. <mask>ta moved to Tūrangawaewae at Ngāruawāhia in the Waikato region to pursue an interest in Māori carving, whakairo. He was taught by Piri Poutapu, and first worked on carvings in the Kawhia Methodist Church and the Te Winika canoe. He was employed for three years assisting with the carving of the mantelpiece of Turongo, the house of the Māori King, which opened in 1936.During his time in Ngāruawāhia he married Rose Evelyn Friar known as Ivy. They had six children Ianui, Kirikowhai, Hinemoana, Gloria, Budgie (who died as a toddler) and Inia jnr. He also did seasonal labouring work at the Horotiu Freezing works, near Hamilton. He continued his public singing during this time and was a very active member of the Waiata Māori Choir. This choir was organised by the Superintendent of the Methodist Māori Mission, Reverend A. J. Seamer, and it toured all over New Zealand. <mask>'s work on Turongo prevented him from joining the Choir when they toured Great Britain. <mask>ta began to develop a circle of supporters who wished to help him further his singing education.Mr Grant of Hamilton, Mr H. D. Caro – the then Mayor of Hamilton, Dame Hilda Ross, Sir Joseph Hannan, Stewart Garland and the conductor Anderson Tyrer were all impressed by his talent. A favourable professional opinion of <mask>ta's voice was acquired from Australian singer Peter Dawson, and Anderson Tyrer was put in charge of arranging <mask>ta's study overseas. Fundraising began and a government grant was added to this and, in 1947 <mask>ta left for London for three years study at the Trinity College of Music. Formal musical training and career
<mask>ta worked hard at his craft. In addition to his studies at Trinity College he also took private lessons from James Kennedy Scott and language lessons at the Berlitz School of Languages. To gain more experience with opera he joined the opera company run by the English soprano Joan Cross and had a resounding success with his portrayal of Sarastro from Mozart's The Magic Flute. As the end of the three-year study grant was approaching, the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Peter Fraser, visited England and <mask>ta took the opportunity to apply for a grant for a fourth year.This was successful. Nearing the end of his grant, <mask> decided to audition for the Covent Garden Opera Company. He was successful in his audition and was told to turn up for rehearsal the next day. He was launched into his first role in the opera company as the Speaker in The Magic Flute. He went from strength to strength, taking parts in operas The Marriage of Figaro, La bohème, Billy Budd and Gloriana – the parts for the last two being specially written for him by Benjamin Britten. As his reputation grew, <mask> was also approached to perform in television and film productions. He appeared in a number of films including Man of the Moment (1955) and In Search of the Castaways (1962); and also took the lead in the film The Seekers (1954).He took part in a number of television series. He did not restrict himself to singing in pure opera but also starred in musicals including The Most Happy Fella at the London Coliseum. In 1959 his first marriage was dissolved and he married Beryl McMillan, also a singer and actor, and they had one daughter Rima <mask>ta born in 1963, who also became an actor, later an artist. Beryl gave up acting after her marriage, to concentrate on managing <mask>ta's career. While <mask>ta returned to New Zealand periodically, he did not settle there but continued with his singing career in the United Kingdom, living in London and creating a life there with his wife and child. <mask>ta was a popular man and had a large circle of friends and acquaintances including the comedian Spike Milligan. <mask>ta remained extremely fond of New Zealand and talked of returning there on his retirement.He maintained close links with New Zealand House in London, attending and singing at the opening of the House in 1963 and also working in the basement of New Zealand House on carving projects. He carved a fine waka huia for Sir Thomas Macdonald, New Zealand's High Commissioner, to present to the Worshipful Company of Butchers on Macdonald's departure from London. <mask>ta also had a long-term project carving five very large totara logs. He continued working on this project in between his professional obligations but was unable to complete the work Pouihi before his death from cancer in 1971. Honours

In the 1966 New Year Honours, <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services in the field of operatic singing. Death

<mask>a died of pancreatic cancer on 26 June 1971 in London. He was cremated and his ashes were returned to New Zealand, where they were scattered in the cemetery at Rangiātea Church, Ōtaki.<mask>ta's funeral was held at Ōtaki Pā, New Zealand, and the event was photographed by the New Zealand photographer Ans Westra. <mask>'s archive of papers is held by the National Library of New Zealand. In November 2007, a commemorative CD/DVD was published containing previously unreleased recordings as well as a documentary film of his carving and an interview of Spike Milligan. Filmography

Selected discography
 Waiata Maori, A Festival of Maori Song (1966)

Notes and sources

"Inia Te Waita" by Ziska Schwimmer; Te Ao Hou – The New World; No 23, July 1958

External links
 Images associated with Inia <mask>ta, collection of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
 Singing "Ol' Man River" (1947)

1915 births
1971 deaths
20th-century New Zealand male opera singers
Operatic bass-baritones
New Zealand bass-baritones
New Zealand Māori carvers
New Zealand male film actors
People from Ngaruawahia
People from Otaki, New Zealand
Ngāti Raukawa
20th-century New Zealand male actors
Deaths from cancer in England
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
Māori opera singers

masks:
Inia Morehu Tauhia Wate
Te Wiata
Inia Te Wiatauka
Watene Te Wiata
Inia
Te Wiata
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wiata
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wiata
Te Wiata
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wia
Te Wiata
Te Wait
Te Wia
Te Wiata
Te Wia


title: Roy Haynes

texts:
<mask> (born March 13, 1925) is an American jazz drummer. He is among the most recorded drummers in jazz. In a career lasting over 80 years, he has played swing, bebop, jazz fusion, avant-garde jazz and is considered a pioneer of jazz drumming. "Snap Crackle" was a nickname given to him in the 1950s. He has led bands such as the Hip Ensemble. His albums Fountain of Youth and Whereas were nominated for a Grammy Award. He was inducted into the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 1999.His son <mask> is a cornetist; another son Craig Holiday <mask> and grandson Marcus Gilmore are both drummers. Career

<mask> was born in the Roxbury section of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. His younger brother, Michael E<mask>, would become an important leader in the black community of Massachusetts, working with Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, representing Roxbury in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and for forty years serving as pastor of the Twelfth Baptist Church, where King had been a member while he pursued his doctoral degree at Boston University. <mask> made his professional debut in 1942 in his native Boston, and began his full-time professional career in 1945. From 1947 to 1949 he worked with saxophonist Lester Young, and from 1949 to 1952 was a member of saxophonist Charlie Parker's quintet. He also recorded at the time with pianist Bud Powell and saxophonists Wardell Gray and Stan Getz. From 1953 to 1958, he toured with singer Sarah Vaughan and recorded with her.A tribute song was recorded by Jim Keltner and Charlie Watts of the Rolling Stones, and he appeared on stage with the Allman Brothers Band in 2006 and Page McConnell of Phish in 2008. "Age seems to have just passed him by," Watts observed. "He's eighty-three and in 2006 he was voted Best Contemporary Jazz Drummer [in Modern Drummer magazine's readers' poll]. He's amazing." In 2008, <mask> lent his voice to the open-world video game Grand Theft Auto IV, to voice himself as the DJ for the fictional contemporary jazz radio station, Jazz Nation Radio 108.5. <mask> is known to celebrate his birthday on stage, in recent years at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City, where his 95th birthday celebration was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Awards and honors
A Life in Time – The <mask> Story was named by The New Yorker magazine as one of the Best Boxed Sets of 2007 and was nominated for an award by the Jazz Journalist's Association.WKCR-FM, New York, surveyed <mask>'s career in 301 hours of programming, January 11–23, 2009. Esquire named <mask> one of the best-dressed men in America in 1960, along with Fred Astaire, Miles Davis, Clark Gable, and Cary Grant. In 1994, <mask> was awarded the Danish Jazzpar prize, and in 1996 the French government knighted him with the Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, France's top literary and artistic honor. <mask> received honorary doctorates from the Berklee College of Music (1991), and the New England Conservatory (2004), as well as a Peabody Medal, the highest honor bestowed by the Peabody Institute of The Johns Hopkins University, in 2012. He was inducted into the DownBeat magazine Hall of Fame in 2004. On October 9, 2010, he was awarded the Mid Atlantic Arts Foundation's BNY Mellon Jazz Living Legacy Award at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC. In 2001, <mask>' album Birds of a Feather: A Tribute to Charlie Parker was nominated for the 44th Annual Grammy Awards as Best Jazz Instrumental Album.On December 22, 2010, he was named a recipient of a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, and he received the award at the Special Merit Awards Ceremony & Nominees Reception of the 54th Annual Grammy Awards on February 12, 2012. In 2019, <mask> was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Jazz Foundation of America at the 28th Annual Loft Party. Discography

As leader/co-leader
 Busman's Holiday (EmArcy, 1954)
 Roy <mask> Modern Group (Swing, 1955) – recorded in 1954
 Jazz Abroad (Mercury, 1956) split album with Quincy Jones – recorded in 1953
 We Three (New Jazz, 1959) with Paul Chambers & Phineas Newborn – recorded in 1958
 Just Us (New Jazz, 1960)
 Out of the Afternoon (Impulse!, 1962)
 Cracklin' (New Jazz*, 1963) with Booker Ervin
 Cymbalism (New Jazz, 1963)
 People (Pacific Jazz, 1964)
 Hip Ensemble (Mainstream, 1971)
 Equipoise (Galaxy, 1972) – reissue of Hip Ensemble with 1 additional track, <mask>'s Tune
 Senyah (Mainstream, 1973)
 Booty (Mainstream, 1974) with Blue Mitchell, Charles Kynard, Charles Williams
 Togyu (RCA, 1975) – recorded in 1973
 Jazz a Confronto Vol. 29 (Horo, 1976)
 Sugar Roy (Kitty, 1976)
 Thank You Thank You (Galaxy, 1977)
 Vistalite (Galaxy, 1977)
 True or False (Freelance, 1986)
 Encounters (ABC, 1990) with Mark Isaacs, Dave Holland
 When It's Haynes It Roars (Dreyfus Jazz, 1992)
 Live at the Riverbop (Marge, 1993) – recorded in 1979
 Homecoming (Evidence, 1994) – recorded in 1992
 Te Vou! (Dreyfus Jazz, 1994)
 My Shining Hour (Storyville, 1995) with Thomas Clausen's Jazzparticipants. recorded in 1994. Like Minds (Concord, 1998) with Gary Burton, Chick Corea, Dave Holland, Pat Metheny – Grammy won album.recorded in 1997. : Eddie Shu I Only Have Eyes For Shu (Bethlehem) – released in 1955
1955: Sarah Vaughan In the Land of Hi-Fi (EmArcy)
1955: Nat Adderley Introducing Nat Adderley (Wing)
1956: Red Rodney Quintet Modern Music from Chicago (Fantasy)
1954–1957: Sarah Vaughan) Swingin' Easy (EmArcy)
1957: Sonny Rollins The Sound of Sonny (Riverside)
1958: Sarah Vaughan After Hours at the London House (Mercury) – released in 1959
1958: Thelonious Monk Thelonious in Action  (Riverside)
1958: Thelonious Monk Misterioso (Riverside)
1958: Art Farmer Portrait of Art Farmer (Contemporary)
1958: Art Blakey Drums Around the Corner (Blue Note) – released in 1999
1958: Sonny Rollins Brass & Trio (MetroJazz)
1958: Dorothy Ashby In a Minor Groove (New Jazz)
1958: John Handy In the Vernacular (Roulette)
1958: George Shearing Latin Affair (Capitol)
1959: Randy Weston Live at the Five Spot (United Artists)
1959: Kenny Burrell A Night at the Vanguard (Argo)
1959: Phineas Newborn, Jr. Piano Portraits by Phineas Newborn (Roulette)
1959: Sonny Stitt The Sonny Side of Stitt (Roost)
1959: Phineas Newborn, Jr. I Love a Piano (Roulette)
1959: Lee Konitz You and Lee (Verve)
1960: Eric Dolphy Outward Bound (New Jazz)
1960: Eric Dolphy Out There (New Jazz)
1960: Eric Dolphy Far Cry (New Jazz) – released in 1962
1960: Jimmy Forrest Soul Street (New Jazz)
1960–1961: Etta Jones  Something Nice (Prestige)
1960: Etta Jones Don't Go to Strangers (Prestige)
1960: Booker Little  Booker Little (Time)
1960: Betty Roché Singin' & Swingin' (Prestige)
1960: Tommy Flanagan The Tommy Flanagan Trio (Moodsville)
1960: Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis Big Band Trane Whistle (Prestige)
1960: Oliver Nelson Taking Care of Business (New Jazz)
1960: Oliver Nelson Nocturne (Moodsville) – released in 1961
1960: Oliver Nelson, King Curtis & Jimmy Forrest Soul Battle (Prestige) – released in 1962
1960: Sonny Stitt Stittsville, Sonny Side Up (Roost) – released in 1961
1960: Kai Winding & J. J. Johnson The Great Kai & J. J. (Impulse!) – released in 1961
1960: Lem Winchester Lem Winchester with Feeling (Moodsville) – released in 1961
1960: Steve Lacy The Straight Horn of Steve Lacy (Candid) – released in 1961
1960: Ray Charles Genius + Soul = Jazz (Impulse!) – released in 1961
1960: Oliver Nelson Screamin' the Blues (New Jazz) – released in 1961
1961: Oliver Nelson Straight Ahead (New Jazz)
1961: Oliver Nelson The Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse!)1961: Jaki Byard Here's Jaki (New Jazz)
1961: Ted Curson Plenty of Horn (Old Town)
1961: Stan Getz and Bob Brookmeyer Recorded Fall 1961 (Verve)
1961: Stan Getz Focus (Verve) – released in 1962
1962: Jackie Paris The Song Is Paris (Impulse!) 1962: Roland Kirk Domino (Mercury)
1962: Willis Jackson Bossa Nova Plus (Prestige)
1960–1962: Sonny Stitt Stitt in Orbit (Roost) – released in 1963
1962: McCoy Tyner Reaching Fourth (Impulse!) – released in 1963
1962: Ted Curson Ted Curson Plays Fire Down Below (Prestige) – released in 1963
1961-1963: John Coltrane Impressions (Impulse!) 1961–1963: John Coltrane Newport '63 (Impulse!) – released in 1993
1963: Frank Wess Yo Ho! Poor You, Little Me (Prestige)
1963: Andrew Hill Black Fire (Blue Note) – released in 1964
1963: Andrew Hill Smokestack (Blue Note) – released in 1966
1963: Jackie McLean Destination... Out! (Blue Note) – released in 1964
1964: Jackie McLean It's Time!(Blue Note) – released in 1965
1961–1964: Jaki Byard Out Front! (Prestige) – released in 1965
1964: Jimmy Witherspoon) Blue Spoon (Prestige)
1966: Stan Getz The Stan Getz Quartet in Paris (Verve) – released in 1967
1966: Gary Burton Tennessee Firebird (RCA) – released in 1967
1966: Gary Burton Duster (RCA)
1966–1968: Stan Getz What the World Needs Now: Stan Getz Plays Burt Bacharach and Hal David (Verve)
1968: Archie Shepp The Way Ahead (Impulse!) 1968: Chick Corea Now He Sings, Now He Sobs (Solid State)
1968: Jack DeJohnette The DeJohnette Complex (Milestone) – released in 1969
1969: Gary Burton Country Roads & Other Places (RCA)
1969: Leon Thomas Spirits Known and Unknown (Flying Dutchman) – released in 1970
1969: Oliver Nelson Black, Brown and Beautiful (Flying Dutchman) – released in 1970
1969: Clifford Jordan In the World (Strata-East) – released in 1972
1970: Leon Thomas The Leon Thomas Album (Flying Dutchman)
1971: Gato Barbieri Under Fire (Flying Dutchman) – released in 1973
1974: Dave Brubeck All The Things We Are (Atlantic) – released in 1976
1975: Duke Jordan Quartet Misty Thursday (SteepleChase) – released in 1976
1976: Duke Jordan Trio Live in Japan (SteepleChase) – released in 1977
1976: Duke Jordan Trio Flight to Japan (SteepleChase) – released in 1978
1976: Tommy Flanagan Trinity (Inner City) – released in 1980
1976: Warne Marsh How Deep, How High (Interplay) – released in 1980
1977: Mary Lou Williams A Grand Night For Swinging (High Note) – released in 2008
1977? : Nick Brignola Sextet with Pepper Adams Baritone Madness (Galaxy) – released in 1978
1978: Dizzy Reece Manhattan Project (Bee Hive)
1978: Dizzy Reece and Ted Curson Blowin' Away (Interplay)
1978: Johnny Griffin Birds and Ballads (Galaxy)
1978: Gary Burton Times Square (ECM)
1978: Alice Coltrane Transfiguration (Warner Bros.)
1978: Art Pepper Art Pepper Today (Galaxy)
1978: Sal Nistico Neo/Nistico (Bee Hive)
1978: Red Garland Equinox (Galaxy) – released in 1979
1978: Hank Jones Ain't Misbehavin' (Galaxy) – released in 1979
1978: Stanley Cowell Equipoise (Galaxy) – released in 1979
1978: Archie Shepp Lady Bird (Denon – released in 1979
1979: Ted Curson The Trio (Interplay)
1979: Joe Albany Bird Lives! (Interplay)
1981: Chick Corea Trio Music (ECM) – released in 1982
1983: Freddie Hubbard Sweet Return (Atlantic)
1984: Chick Corea Trio Music Live in Europe (ECM) – released in 1986
1987: McCoy Tyner Blues for Coltrane (Impulse!) 1987? : Michel Petrucciani) Michel plays Petrucciani (Blue Note)
1987: Chick Corea Live in Montreaux (GRP) – released in 1994
1989: Pat Metheny Question and Answer (Geffen – released in 1990
1994: Kenny Barron Wanton Spirit (Verve)
1995: Michel Petrucciani & Stephane Grappelli Flamingo (Dreyfus) – released in 1996
1996: Chick Corea Remembering Bud Powell (Stretch)  – released in 1997.Grammy-nominated album. 2010: Sonny Rollins Road Shows vol. 2 (Doxy) – released in 2011

References

External links
 <mask> – Featured Musician (Drummer Cafe)
 Drummerworld article
Interview
Concert Review
Interview for the NAMM Oral History Program (2008)

1925 births
Living people
Musicians from Boston
People from Roxbury, Boston
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
20th-century American drummers
20th-century American male musicians
African-American drummers
American jazz bandleaders
American jazz drummers
American male drummers
Bebop drummers
Circle (jazz band) members
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Hard bop drummers
American male jazz musicians
EmArcy Records artists
Galaxy Records artists
Impulse! Records artists
Mainstream Records artists
Prestige Records artists
Verve Records artists
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American people

masks:
Roy Owen Haynes
Graham Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
. Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Roy Haynes
Haynes
Roy Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Haynes
Roy
Roy Haynes


title: Mike Badger

texts:
<mask> is an English singer-songwriter, artist and sculptor from Liverpool, England. Co-founder of The La's he went on to form alternative country/roots rockabilly band The Onset in 1988 and <mask> and The Shady Trio in 2010. In addition he is co-owner of Liverpool's independent Viper Label with Paul Hemmings. Career
In 1997 Badger's first one-man exhibition of recycled art titled Lost and Found was displayed in Warrington Museum, later shown in Bristol Museum 1998, and Leicester City Gallery in 1999. Also, in 1997 <mask> created several tin sculptures for Liverpool band Space's album Tin Planet, and for their video of "Avenging Angels". He has released solo badger albums including Volume in 1999 and Double Zero in 2000 and has recently archived much of his previously unreleased material with albums that include: Lost La's, Lo-Fi Acoustic Excursions, Lo-Fi Electric Excursions, and <mask>'s Country Side. In 2006, <mask>'s sculpture was selected by The Prince's Foundation for Children and The Arts for UK primary school education package, and later that year he began work as Artist in Residence at ITV Granada (celebrating 50 years of broadcasting).<mask> appeared at the SXSW music festival in Austin, Texas, in 2009 and again in 2010, where he performed with local and international acts and featured on Country Music Radio USA. In 2010 he was commissioned to create a permanent suspended sculpture, which he titled A Musical Composition, which hangs in Cavern Walks, Mathew Street, Liverpool, to celebrate what would have been John Lennon's 70th birthday. <mask> and The Shady Trio formed in summer 2010 and have released two studio albums and two singles. In 2015 <mask>'s autobiography The Rhythm & The Tide (Liverpool, The La's And Ever After) was released; it was co written with music journalist Tim Peacock and published by Liverpool University Press. Personal life
<mask> resides in Liverpool, England. He married his long term girlfriend Jeanette in 1999, and they have two children. <mask> is a lifelong supporter of Everton FC.

masks:
Michael Clifford Badger
Mike Badger
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Mike Badger
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Mike Badger
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Badger


title: Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)

texts:
<mask> (1676 – August 4, 1741) was a Scottish lawyer in the Thirteen Colonies, where he finally settled in Philadelphia. He was best known for his legal victory on behalf of the printer and newspaper publisher John Peter Zenger. His involvement with the 1735 decision in New York helped to establish that truth is a defense to an accusation of libel. His eloquent defense concluded with saying that the press has "a liberty both of exposing and opposing tyrannical power by speaking and writing truth." His success in this case has been said to have inspired the now-archaic term "Philadelphia lawyer", meaning a particularly adept and clever attorney, as in "It would take a Philadelphia lawyer to get him off." His estate in Philadelphia, known as Bush Hill, was inherited by his son, <mask>, who leased it for use as the vice-president's house during the years that the city was the temporary capital of the United States. Immigration to Virginia
Believed to be born in Scotland about 1676, <mask> did not talk about his parentage, career, or name in the Old World.At one time he was called Trent, although he returned to his name of <mask> when Queen Anne came to the throne in 1702. In his address to the Pennsylvania Assembly in 1739, he speaks of "liberty, the love of which as it first drew me to, so it constantly prevailed on me to reside in this Province, tho' to the manifest prejudice of my fortune." <mask> was probably his real name, but, for private reasons, he saw fit to discard it for a time, possibly due to his family's involvement of the Glorious Revolution and the Jacobite Rising of 1689. About 1697, <mask> came to Accomac County, Virginia, where he continued his study of law and taught a classical school. He later found employment as steward of a plantation owned by Joseph Preeson, one of his former students. After Preeson's death in 1705, <mask> continued working the Preeson estate. On March 6, 1706, he married Preeson's widow Ann, daughter of Thomas and Susanna Denwood Brown, who were members of a prominent Quaker family.The marriage is said to have brought <mask> influential connections, and he began to practice law. Two years after his marriage, on March 26, 1708, <mask> purchased from John Toads a 600-acre estate in Maryland known as "Henberry". It was located on the north side of the Chester River in Kent County, Maryland. (The town of Millington, Maryland, was later developed on Henberry's land.) <mask> also maintained a residence in Virginia, as he drew clients from both colonies. Early career

By 1712, at age 36, <mask> established a reputation in Chestertown, Maryland, with a lucrative law practice. That year, he traveled to London to gain prestige in his profession.On January 27, 1712, he joined Gray's Inn, one of London's four societies for barristers. Two weeks later on February 10, he was called before the English Bar. At the end of the year, during the winter of 1712/13, William Penn hired <mask> in a replevin case against Berkeley Codd. Codd disputed some of Penn's rights under his grant from the Duke of York, who would later become King James II. This started the long and friendly relationship between <mask> and the Penn family. His trip to London and continued work in Pennsylvania, especially with the Penn family, gained <mask> prominence. He came to the attention of both the Baltimore family and the government of the Maryland colony.In April 1715, he was chosen as a deputy to Maryland's House of Delegates from Kent County. As <mask> was presenting cases before the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on April 29, 1715, he did not learn about his selection until his return to Maryland on May 5, 1715. <mask> took the oath of office, test, and abjuration the day of his return. But, he was arrested by the House due to his delayed taking of the oath and reporting to the House. They accepted his explanation that he was 100 miles from his home in Chestertown and unable to return because of business, but he had to pay a 65-shilling fine to officials. Placed on the Committee of Laws, <mask> was charged with the organization and codification of the Maryland colony's judiciary laws. By May 14, 1715, <mask> had helped put together a series of laws that became the Act of 1715.This Act would form the basis of the law for Maryland until the Revolution. At some point during 1715, <mask> moved to Philadelphia. He and his family occupied Clark Hall, owned by William Clark Jr. and Rebecca Clark, and managed by their relative Clement Plumsted. It was located at the corner of Third and Chestnut Streets. Philadelphia lawyer
On September 7, 1717, <mask> was appointed as attorney-general of Pennsylvania by Governor William Keith. In March 1721, he was called to the provincial council, and he accepted on condition that his duties should not interfere with his practice. <mask> resigned the office in 1724; that year he traveled to London to oversee the formal approval of William Penn's will on behalf of the Penn family.When a settler named Cartledge killed a Seneca man in 1722 in an area outside the boundaries of Philadelphia County, tension rose between the tribes in the area and the colonists. Colonists feared the Seneca would cause violence unless Cartledge could be brought to trial. A new Court Act was deemed necessary and created under the supervision of <mask>, as Attorney-General, and the Chief Justice, David Lloyd. Lloyd's older laws were consolidated into the Judiciary Act of 1722, which was passed by Governor Keith on May 22, 1722. One feature allowed the Chief Justice to act as a justice of the peace anywhere in the colony if conditions called for it, a clear response to the Cartledge situation. As the murdered man was a Seneca, colonists feared the powerful Iroquois Confederacy might retaliate against the colonists for his death. Lloyd prepared to prosecute Cartledge.But the Iroquois wrote to Lloyd on July 30, 1722, urging that Cartledge be forgiven. At once the Assembly ordered one hundred pounds set aside for expenses and one hundred pounds for gifts. They authorized <mask> as  Attorney-General, Judge Hill, and a Mr. Norris to be a committee to visit the Five Nations. In 1727 <mask> was appointed prothonotary of the Supreme Court, Master of the Rolls, and Recorder of Philadelphia. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from Bucks County in the same year, chosen speaker in 1729, and re-elected annually until his retirement in 1739, with the exception of a single year, 1733. Zenger case

The crowning glory of <mask>'s career was his defense of John Peter Zenger in 1735, which he undertook pro bono. Zenger was a printer in New York City.In his newspaper, Zenger had asserted that judges were arbitrarily displaced, and new courts were erected, without the consent of the legislature, by which trials by jury were taken away when a governor was so disposed. The attorney-general charged him with the crime of seditious libel, and Zenger's lawyers James Alexander and William Smith, objecting to the legality of the judge's commissions, were stricken from the list of attorneys. At this point, no New York attorneys could take the case. The merchant Mary Spratt Alexander suggested to her husband James Alexander that he ask his colleague <mask> whom he was in regular correspondence with - and who was outside of the reach of influence by the judge - to come to New York to defend Zenger. Mary Alexander then traveled to Philadelphia to interview <mask> and provide him with the facts of the case. It is thought that she and her husband were early investors of the New York Weekly Gazette. <mask> feared that the advocate, who had subsequently been appointed by the court, might be overawed by the bench, at the head of which was Chief Justice De Lancey, a member of the governor's council.He voluntarily went to New York and appeared in the case on Zenger's behalf. He admitted that Zenger had printed and published the article but advanced the doctrine, novel at the time, that the truth of the facts in the alleged libel could be set up as a defense. He said that in this proceeding, the jury were judges of both the law and the facts. The offer of evidence to prove the truth of Zenger's statements was rejected, but <mask> Morris referred to <mask> as "the day-star of the American Revolution." The common council of New York passed a resolution thanking him for his services, and presented him with the freedom of the city. In addition, a group of prominent residents contributed to the production of a 5½-ounce gold box that was presented to <mask> as a lasting mark of their gratitude to him. His fame spread to England, an account of the trial passing through four editions there within three months. Later career
On May 12, 1732, Thomas Penn, John Penn and Richard Penn, as the proprietors of Pennsylvania, signed an order to create a commission. This order was directed to prominent figures in colonial Pennsylvania and Philadelphia, including <mask>, as well as Governor Gordon, Isaac Norris, Samuel Preston, and James Logan, Esquires, and to the gentlemen James Steel and Robert Charles. The commission, which was to be made up of at least three or more of these individuals, was given full power on behalf of the proprietors for the "running, marking, and laying out" of any boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland.This was in accordance to the agreement signed between the Penn brothers and Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore on May 10, 1732. From 1736 to his death in 1741, <mask> was the mentor of young Benjamin Chew, who later became Attorney General and Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. <mask> was for many years a trustee of the general loan-office, the province's agency for issuing paper money. In 1737 he was appointed judge of the vice-admiralty court by Deputy Governor George Thomas, the only office he held at the time of his death. Independence Hall

By the Spring of 1729 the citizens of Philadelphia were petitioning to erect a state house. A sum of two thousand pounds was raised for the proposal. <mask>, along with Thomas Lawrence and John Kearsley, were appointed to a committee to decide upon plans for the building, select a site for construction, and hire contractors.<mask>, in company with his son-in-law, William Allen, purchased the ground now known as Independence Square, whereon to erect "a suitable building" to be used as a legislative hall. Prior to 1729, the assembly met in a private residence. <mask> is often credited for the design of Independence Hall (then known as the Pennsylvania State House). It is more likely that his designs were for initial planning and that he did not create the final plans. Beginning in 1732, Edmund Woolley was responsible for the final design and construction of the Pennsylvania State House, a project that employed Woolley and his apprentices well into the 1750s. The statehouse was not completed until after <mask>'s death, and the conveyance of the land to the province was made by his son and son-in-law. Bush Hill, The Woodlands, and Lancaster County, PA
For his legal work formalizing William Penn's will in London from 1724 to 1726, <mask> was awarded land in 1726 and 1729 by the Pennsylvania proprietors; William Penn's widow Hannah Penn and sons, Richard Penn, Thomas Penn, and John Penn.<mask> also took this time to purchase from Stephen Jackson a portion of land from the Springettsburg Manor. These gifts and purchases added up to 153 acres of land, for which <mask> received a patent in 1734. Bush Hill

The Bush Hill estate contained the land now bound by 12th Street to the East, 19th Street to the West, Vine Street to the South, and what is now Fairmount Avenue (but was once Coates Street) to the North. The manor was located on what is now the southern side of Spring Garden Street near the old Philadelphia Mint building, which is now used by the Community College of Philadelphia. <mask> left the estate to his son <mask> after his death; he in turn passed it on to his nephew <mask>. When the federal capital was located in Philadelphia, Bush Hill was rented to the government as the house of the vice-president, as <mask> was on an extended stay in England. During the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793, its outbuildings were adapted for use for several months as a fever hospital.The Woodlands

The Woodlands was a large area of land given to <mask>; it was situated on the west side of the Schuylkill River and his property included much of present-day West Philadelphia. He left it to his son <mask>, who survived him by only six years. The next to inherit and use the land was the younger <mask>'s son, <mask>. <mask> and his son James were among the founders of Lancaster, which in 1729 became the fourth county in the province of Pennsylvania. The community was located on a 500-acre (2 km2) tract owned by <mask>, on which he laid out Lancaster Townstead around 1730. By 1734, James, now proprietor of Lancaster town, won a seat in the Assembly and became the political leader of the county. In 1742 <mask> secured the original charter of government, which gave the settlement the status of borough (this charter can be found today in the city clerk's office).Later life
<mask>'s wife Anne is believed to have died around the year 1736. <mask> died at his country seat of Bush Hill and was at first buried on that property. After the sale of his estate in the 1800s, <mask> and the remains of his family were moved and reinterred in a mausoleum located at Christ Church. On August 6, two days after <mask>'s death, Benjamin Franklin published in his Pennsylvania Gazette an editorial of appreciation for the attorney and politician. Family and immediate descendants
During the early years after his marriage, his wife Anne had several children. <mask>, their first child, was born in 1709. Circa 1711, <mask>'s second child and first son <mask> was born; he went on to become a mayor of Philadelphia and a governor of the Pennsylvania colony.The Hamilton Watch Company was named after <mask>, the owner of the Hamilton Watch Complex site in Lancaster. In 1713, <mask>'s last son, also named <mask>, was born. <mask> married William Allen on February 16, 1734. William and Margaret had six children together. <mask> had a close working relationship with his son-in-law. They both worked in the Philadelphia and Pennsylvania governments. Along with <mask>, they acquired the land for the state house, now Independence Hall, and its surrounding yard.<mask> the younger married Mary Till on December 24, 1741. She was the daughter of William Till, a businessman of the landed gentry in Pennsylvania and Delaware, and Mary Till, née Lillingston, the step-granddaughter of Berkeley Codd. He was the attorney in Delaware whom the elder <mask> had faced in court in 1712. <mask> II and Mary Till <mask> had two sons, <mask> and <mask>. Legacy

During World War II, a Liberty Ship was commissioned the SS <mask> in <mask>'s honor. References

External links

Article at Philadelphia Reflections
Article at Encyclopedia.com
<mask> Esq. A site dedicated to emerging research on <mask>, Esq.1676 births
1741 deaths
Members of Gray's Inn
Kingdom of Scotland emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Pennsylvania lawyers
Members of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Burials at Christ Church, Philadelphia
Lawyers from Philadelphia
People of colonial Pennsylvania
18th-century American lawyers
People from Accomack County, Virginia

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title: Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach

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<mask> of Poland (, 6 May 1464 – 5 October 1512), was a princess, member of the Jagiellonian dynasty, great grand daughter of Emperor Sigismund and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach. Born in Kraków, she was the second daughter of Grand Duke of Lithuania and King Casimir IV of Poland and his wife Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of the German king Albrecht. She was named after her paternal grandmother, <mask> of Halshany, Queen of Poland. <mask> was baptised by John Gruszczynski, Bishop of Krakow. There is no information available concerning <mask>'s upbringing or education. Life

Betrothals

In 1468, <mask> was first betrothed to Archduke Maximilian of Austria, son and heir of Emperor Frederick III. Then, on 8 April of the same year, Protas Černohorský z Boskovic, Bishop of Olomouc, appeared as a representative of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, asking the hand of <mask>, although soon Matthias preferred the hand of <mask>'s elder sister, Hedwig.A marriage to Maximilian seemed more likely for <mask>, mostly because she and her sisters were all attractive brides for European nobility, since they all had claims to the thrones of Austria and Luxembourg through their mother Elisabeth. There could have been a chance that one could become Duchess of Austria or Luxembourg and transfer their patrimony to a husband and his family. Hedwig's marriage plans with Matthias fell through when her father made an alliance with Matthias' main enemy, George of Poděbrady. Shortly after, the wedding plans between Maximilian and <mask> similarly fell through. Marriage with Frederick of Brandenburg

It's unknown when exactly started the negotiations for a marriage between <mask> and Prince Frederick of Brandeburg, son of Elector Albrecht III Achilles. There is a presumption that the idea could emerged in the summer of 1470, when Polish deputies Dziersław z Rytwian and Stanisław Ostroróg visited Brandenburg. In 1473 the Polish royal representatives Paweł Jasieński (starost of Chełm and Belz) and Stanisław Kurozwęcki led the negotiations for the marriage between <mask> and Frederick, which ended with the signing of the formal betrothal on 7 December of that year in the city of Cadolzburg.As for the political motives of this marriage, <mask>'s father Casimir IV sought allies among the Germans, since he was concerned with the influence of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, who supported the rule of the Polish prince Vladislaus in Bohemia. By the other hand, Elector Albrecht III Achilles, concerned about the growing power of Matthias Corvinus (who was threatening to take some of Albrecht's lands), decided to sought an alliance with his opponents, the Jagiellonian dynasty. Terms concerning the marriage had been negotiated for almost two years. Originally the marriage contract was planned to be signed on 20 March 1474 and on 23 June 1474, during a meeting between representatives of both Brandenburg and Poland in Pniewy. Finally, the marriage contract was signed in October 1475 at Poznań; in representation of the Electorate of Brandenburg signed Friedrich II Sesselmann, Bishop of Lubusz, while Stanisław Kurozwęcki signed as a representative of the Kingdom of Poland. <mask>'s dowry was established in 32,000 florins. On 11 November 1475 Elector Albrecht III Achilles gave as a Bride price for his future daughter-in-law the amount of 64,000 florins.Originally, the wedding of <mask> and Frederick was to take place in Poznań, but the Elector opted for Frankfurt instead. On 13 January 1479 <mask>, accompanied by family, left Piotrków Trybunalski for Frankfurt. She was accompanied, among others, by Andrzej Oporowski, Bishop of Przemyśl, voivodes Maciej z Bnina Moszyński and Mikołaj z Kutna, and by Piotr Kurozwęcki, Marshal of the Court. On 14 February 1479 <mask> and Frederick were married at Frankfurt. According to the Polish chronicler Jan Długosz, the wedding was not extravagant and even the royal courtiers were not banqueted. In addition, the king's senators, knights and other clerics, who had traveled with his daughter to Frankfurt, hardly received any gifts. Difficulties arose with the payment of <mask>'s dowry.According to the marriage contract, Casimir IV was supposed to pay the first installment of 6,000 guilders by 25 December. Unable to do so, the Polish king asked for a deferment, to which Albrecht III agreed. In view of the non-payment of her dowry, <mask> was unable to take possession of her dower lands. <mask> as Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach

On 11 March 1486, <mask>'s father-in-law Albrecht III Achilles died. Her husband Frederick and brother-in-law Siegmund inherited the Franconian domains of the Hohenzollern dynasty. Siegmund took Kulmbach, while Frederick received Ansbach. <mask> thus became in the Margravine consort of Ansbach.Shortly after, they received in their domains the visit of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III. During all this time, a continuing problem was the payment of <mask>'s dowry. In 1489, <mask>'s brother Vladislaus II promised Frederick he would pay the rest of the money his father owed. In 1493, Frederick sent envoys to Poland on payment of dowry. On 30 September 1495, <mask> personally wrote a letter to her brother asking for the promised money. The dowry was never completely paid off until after <mask> and Frederick's deaths. The last of the money was paid to their children in several installments - respectively in 1533, 1535 and 1537.<mask>'s husband kept in touch with her brothers: in the spring of 1494, he took part in the convention in Levoča, which was attended by Vladislaus II, John I Albert, Sigismund (the future King Sigismund I the Old) and Cardinal Frederick. Frederick also planned to strengthen family ties between the Hohenzollerns and Jagiellons: Barbara, <mask>'s younger sister, was suggested to marry Joachim, Hereditary Elector of Brandenburg, Frederick's nephew, and Vladislaus II could married with Anna, Joachim's sister. Finally, these marriage plans never taken place. After the death of his brother Siegmund unmarried and childless in 1495, Frederick also inherited Bayreuth, thus <mask> also became in Margravine consort of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. By a letter wrote by her mother-in-law Anna of Saxony dated 13 April 1505 was known that <mask> was seriously ill. Four months later, on 30 August, her mother died. In March 1509, <mask> and her husband were present in Prague for the coronation of her nephew Louis II Jagiellon. Exhausted by over three decades of constant pregnancies and miscarriages, <mask> died on 5 October 1512 in Ansbach.She was buried in the monastery of Heilsbronn. After the death of <mask>, her husband arranged an extremely boisterous wake: 1,500 cups of wine were drunk and 2 oxen and 600 fish were eaten over the course of the night. Issue

<mask> and Frederick had:

 Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach (30 June 1480 – ca. 2 July 1480). Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (27 September 1481 – 21 September 1527). Margaret of Brandenburg-Ansbach (10 January 1483 – 10 July 1532). George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (4 March 1484 – 27 December 1543).<mask> of Brandenburg-Ansbach (10 March 1485 – 24 May 1537), married on 14 November 1518 to Duke Frederick II of Legnica. Maria of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1486 – died in infancy). Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach (5 May 1487 – 7 February 1539), married on 1 December 1518 to Duke Wenceslaus II of Cieszyn. Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach (31 July 1488 – 2 May 1490). Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach (17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568), Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and then first Duke of Prussia. Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (13 June 1491 – ca. 1497).Johann of Brandenburg-Ansbach (9 January 1493 – 5 July 1525), Viceroy of Valencia. Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach (25 March 1494 – 31 May 1518), married on 29 September 1510 to Margrave Ernest of Baden-Durlach. Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach (24 September 1495 – 23 September 1552), married on 26 July 1528 to Landgrave George III of Leuchtenberg. Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach (17 January 1497 – 20 August 1536), a canon in Würzburg and Salzburg; he abandoned the ecclesiastical career and became in the first Protestant member of the Hohenzollern dynasty. William of Brandenburg-Ansbach, (30 June 1498 – 4 February 1563), Archbishop of Riga since 1539. Johann Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach (20 September 1499 – 17 May 1550), Archbishop of Magdeburg since 1545. Frederick Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach (30 November 1501 – 24 July 1504).Gumprecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach (16 July 1503 – 25 June 1528), a canon in Bamberg. <mask> also suffered many miscarriages:
 A miscarriage of a daughter in the 4th month of pregnancy (19 December 1504). A miscarriage of a daughter in the 6th month of pregnancy (16 August 1505). A miscarriage in the 1st month of pregnancy (22 January 1506). A miscarriage of a son in the 4th and a half-month of pregnancy (17 January 1507). A miscarriage in the 1st month of pregnancy (4 December 1508). A miscarriage in the 1st month of pregnancy (30 January 1509).A miscarriage in the 1st month of pregnancy (30 March 1510). A miscarriage of a son in the 5th and a half-month of pregnancy (11 January 1511). A miscarriage of a son in the 4th and a half-month of pregnancy (20 March 1512). Ancestry

References

Bibliography
K. Baczkowski: Polish history of late-medieval, Kraków 1999, , p. 230, 236, 249. M. Duczmal: Jagiellonowie. Biographical Lexicon, Poznań-Kraków 1996, , pp. 495–507.W. Dworzaczek: Genealogy, Warsaw, 1959. E. Rudzki: Polish queens, vol. 1, Warsaw 1990, p. 134, 141, 148, 153, 154. Z. Wdowiszewski: Genealogy of the House of Vasa and Jagiello of Poland, Kraków 2005, pp. 110–112. |-

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1464 births
1512 deaths
Polish princesses
<mask>
Margravines of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Burials at Heilsbronn Abbey
15th-century Polish people
15th-century Polish women
16th-century Polish people
16th-century Polish women
15th-century German people
15th-century German women
16th-century German people
16th-century German women

masks: Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia Sophia


title: Wang Yun (Han dynasty)

texts:
<mask> () (137–192), courtesy name Zishi, was a Chinese politician who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He served in the Han government through the reigns of three emperors – Emperor Ling (), Emperor Shao (189) and Emperor Xian (). The highest offices he served in were Manager of the Affairs of the Masters of Writing and Minister over the Masses in the early reign of Emperor Xian. In 192, with help from the general Lü Bu and others, he plotted a successful coup in Chang'an against Dong Zhuo, a tyrannical warlord who controlled the Han central government, and assassinated him. However, later that year, Dong Zhuo's followers staged a counter-coup and seized back control of the central government. <mask>, along with his family members, was captured and executed. In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms <mask> was the adoptive father of the fictional maiden Diaochan, whom he used to stir up conflict between Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo, causing the former to betray and assassinate the latter.Life
According to Book of Later Han, <mask> was from Qi County, Taiyuan. His family had many members who had served as administrative officials in the regional government for generations. <mask> himself was an official at the age of 19, and became the Inspector of Yu Province (). However, later he failed in the power struggle with the eunuch Zhang Rang. He had to abandon his position and hide himself in the countryside. After the death of Zhang Rang, the general He Jin came into power, and <mask> was promoted to the Gentleman of the Household and later to the Intendant of Henan (). In 190, the capital Luoyang fell into chaos following the death of He Jin and a bloody clash between the powerful Ten Attendants and government officials.Dong Zhuo, a warlord from Liang Province () managed to take control of the situation and eventually placed in the throne a puppet emperor whom he held in his power. At the time, <mask> held the positions of the Minister over the Masses () and the Prefect of the Masters of Writing (). Dong Zhuo's subsequent tyrannical and cruel behaviour aroused the wrath of many. <mask> then colluded with several other officials in a plot to assassinate Dong Zhuo. The plan received a huge boost when the conspirators managed to recruit the help of Lü Bu, a formidable warrior serving as a general under Dong Zhuo. Bringing along a dozen men, Lü Bu cornered Dong Zhuo outside the palace gate and slew him. After the death of Dong Zhuo, rumours spread that <mask>, now the de facto head of the Han central government, wanted to purge and execute all of Dong Zhuo's former subordinates.When <mask> refused to grant amnesty to Dong Zhuo's former subordinates, they took up arms under the leadership of Li Jue and Guo Si, who led them to attack Chang'an. Li Jue and Guo Si defeated the Han imperial forces guarding Chang'an and occupied the capital. While Lü Bu was planning to flee Chang'an before the city fell, he asked <mask> to escape together with him. However, <mask> refused to abandon Emperor Xian and remained behind. Li Jue and Guo Si's forces captured him and killed him along with his family. Some of <mask>'s relatives managed to escape and survive; one of them was <mask>, a nephew of <mask>, who later became a general in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

<mask> appears as a character in two chapters of the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events in the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China.In the novel, <mask> devised an elaborate plot to eliminate Dong Zhuo. It involved two of the Thirty-Six Stratagems: Beauty Trap and Chain Stratagems. In Chapter 8, <mask> was thinking about how to get rid of Dong Zhuo when he encountered Diaochan, a singer in his household whom he had been treating like his daughter. An idea struck him: Make use of Diaochan to sow discord between Dong Zhuo and Lü Bu, and instigate Lü Bu to assassinate Dong Zhuo. He then invited Lü Bu and Dong Zhuo to his residence for a party on two occasions. On both occasions, he asked Diaochan to perform for the guest and catch his attention. He initially promised to marry Diaochan to Lü Bu; later, he let Dong Zhuo bring Diaochan home.When Lü Bu found out, he suspected that Dong Zhuo had seized Diaochan for himself and became very angry. One day, while Dong Zhuo was out, Lü Bu sneaked into his room to meet Diaochan. She wept and pleaded with him to save her from Dong Zhuo. In the meantime, Dong Zhuo had returned and he saw Lü Bu embracing Diaochan. He was so furious that he threw a ji at Lü Bu which narrowly missed him as he fled. After calming down, Dong Zhuo spoke to Diaochan and asked if she was willing to marry Lü Bu, but she said she would rather die and attempted suicide. Dong Zhuo then believed her.In Chapter 9, as Lü Bu became increasingly resentful of Dong Zhuo, <mask> used the opportunity to instigate and incite Lü Bu to turn against Dong Zhuo. <mask> managed to convince Lü Bu to kill Dong Zhuo, and then set up an ambush near the palace gates. He then lied to Dong Zhuo, saying that Emperor Xian wanted to abdicate his throne to him, and lured Dong Zhuo into the ambush, where he met his end at Lü Bu's hands. Later in Chapter 9, when Chang'an was surrounded by Li Jue and Guo Si's forces, <mask> made them promise to not harm Emperor Xian and then committed suicide in front of them by jumping off the viewing platform above the city gates. See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi). Fan, Ye (5th century).Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu). Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu). Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.137 births
192 deaths
2nd-century executions
Han dynasty politicians from Shanxi
Han dynasty prime ministers
Dong Zhuo and associates
Executed Han dynasty people
Executed people from Shanxi
Mayors of Luoyang
People executed by the Han dynasty by decapitation
Politicians from Jinzhong

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