title: Christina Hammer

texts:
 with the other arm! And by the time I get past my hook [...] I touched her in the ear, that's why she fell."<mask> celebrated her titles, however, she was saddened by the result, in which she stated: "That was an unfair thing to do with her [...] but I can not leave such a victory on me - the thing needs to be sorted out. ", while remarking she does not want to become a champion through disqualification. On 28 July 2014, the World Boxing Federation's declared the bout a 'no-contest' and restored the WBF light-middleweight title to Mathis, with Martin André, the president of the French Boxing Federation, stating he was going to make a complaint to the WBO, to validate the victory of Mathis and that he was ready to ban the WBF in France. On 29 July 2014, The sanctioning commission, the Bund Deutscher Berufsboxer (BDB; Association of German Professional Boxers), followed the WBF decision and officially changed the bout outcome to 'no-contest'. BDB President Thomas Pütz apologised for the "bad decision" and stated that there will be an investigation of the said event and a hearing of Manfred Küchler to decide whether he will be suspended. On 7 August 2014, after reviewing the bout, the WBO agreed with the WBF and BDB and declared it a 'no-contest' and did not order a rematch since <mask> is the organization's reigning middleweight champion. Returning to middleweight

<mask> vs. Reis, Lazar
On 23 January 2015, it was announced that SES Boxing will present its milestone 100th boxing event on 7 March at the Maritim Hotel in Magdeburg, with <mask> being included on the card.On 27 January 2015, it was announced that <mask> would make her eighth defense of her WBO title at the Maritim Hotel in Magdeburg against world No. 2 Kali Reis. In March 2015, the flu epidemic in Germany had caused <mask> and several other fighters to cancel their scheduled fights at the Maritim Hotel for 7 March, which was later changed to 5 May. At the weigh-in, Reiz, 29 at the time of the fight, weighed in at 155 and a half pounds, the heaviest she had weighed professionally; <mask>, 24, came in heavier at 157 and three-quarter pounds. After the weigh-in, <mask> spoke of Reis' habit of "[going] forward, is aggressive and usually wants to take the fight in. But she will not succeed with me, I'm better and I'm number 1 [...] I'm merciless." <mask> dominated Reis in all respects for nine rounds, being much faster on her feet.And she took advantage of her greater range, built with the grueling left-hand guide, with which she kept her opponent at a distance, being a significant advantage round after round. However, just before the end of the tenth round, a right hook from Reis hit the temple of <mask> and she went down. <mask> came to her feet quickly, bringing the fight controlled to an end, with Jose Ignacio Martinez Antunez, Frank Michael Maass, and Matteo Montella scoring the bout 98–91 to secure <mask> a unanimous decision victory. After the fight, of her knockdown, <mask> stated: "That's how it is in boxing, one second of inattention, and it's all over. You can only learn from it." In February 2016, at the Dortmund Sportsman of the Year awards, <mask> spoke of her intention of fighting for the WBC title, as well as possibly moving up to super-middleweight, with conformation in June 2016 that <mask> will have an eight-round bout and within October a world title fight. Hungarian Melinda Lazar became a front runner to challenge <mask>, to which, on 20 June, it was confirmed to take place at the Ballhaus Forum in Munich on 15 July.This would make <mask>'s first time fighting at the arena and her first fight in fourteen months. Lazar already sent <mask> to the canvas in round two, though otherwise Lazar struggled against the better technique, greater range and strength of <mask>, to whom moved through the ring dynamically and aesthetically, but ultimately Lazar could not keep up. In the sixth round, Lazar's trainer threw in the towel to protect his fighter. Speaking after the fight, <mask> said, "It was not that big of an opponent, but everything was going according to plan for me and now it can only go up and now I want to fight Nikki Adler and become world champion again." Unified world middleweight champion

<mask> vs. Reis II
In September 2016, <mask> mentioned possible opponents for her next bout being WBC Silver champion Kelly Morgan, while mentioning a rematch with WBC champion Kali Reis to unify the WBO and the WBC titles. On 20 October 2016, it was announced that <mask> would face WBC champion Kali Reis at the Ballhaus Forum in Munich on 5 November. The smaller Reis was very aggressive from the opening to the final bell, kept moving forward and had her moments landing hard hooks to <mask>'s head and body.But for most of the ten rounds <mask> managed to keep the distance, establish her jab and fight well from the outside. After ten entertaining rounds judges Ed Pearson, Fernando Laguna, and Grzegorz Molenda unanimously scored the bout 98–93, 98–93, and 100–90 all in favour of <mask>. According to CompuBox, <mask>'s usage of her mobility and prolific jab allowed for 24.4 attempts/3.8 connects per two-minute round, while slowing the pace to a comfortable level in wh/ich she averaged 39.7 punches per two-minute round and limited Reis to 33.4. Speaking after her unification, <mask> said "I have been waiting for this moment for a very long time [...] Like every fighter in the world I dreamed of becoming a WBC world champion and winning the green and gold Belt. This is a very special moment for me. I thank all my fans and my team for the fantastic support." <mask> vs. Lindberg II, Ankrah
On 27 February 2017, it was announced that <mask> would rematch Maria Lindberg (15-2-2, 8 KO) to make her first defense of both the WBO and WBC unified middleweight titles, on the undercard of Marco Huck's defense of his IBO and vacant WBC cruiserweight titles against Mairis Briedis at the Westfalenhallen in Dortmund on 1 April.Of the encounter, Lindberg stated that "<mask> is difficult to box. But I'm a better boxer than 2011 and I think I'll have a good chance against her. This is my last chance for a big title and I'm ready to use it." While <mask> also noted that Lindberg is indeed a tough opponent "[...] And of course I know that I can not rely only on the support of the audience. I'm going to work so hard like never before and get ready to get in the ring." At the weigh-in, Lindberg, 29 at the time of the fight, weighed in at 154 and a quarter pounds, the heaviest she had weighed since 2015; <mask>, 24, came in heavier at 158 and three-quarter pounds. <mask> had no issues whatsoever with Lindberg, handily outboxing her shorter opponent from range.In front of a crowd of 17,000 in attendance, Lindberg simply could not get past <mask>'s stinging jab and the combinations she put together behind them, ultimately losing all ten rounds on all three scorecards, with judges Massimo Barrovecchio, Guido Cavalleri, and Eddie Pappoe scoring the fight 100–90 all in favour of the defending WBO and WBC champion. In the post-fight interview, Lindberg stated, "<mask> is difficult to box [...] I tried to get in to her but it didn't succeed and it didn't get any better when I got her skull in the middle of my nose, thinking it was in the fourth round. One is not particularly keen on going into stroke switching with a broken nose. It made a lot of pain during the rest of the match." After the fight, <mask> spoke of how fighting in her hometown of Westfalenhalle was a dream come true, while stating she wants to realise her next dream and go to the USA. At the subsequent press conference, <mask>'s manager Harald Pia announced that <mask>'s next series of fights will take place in America, to eventually culminate with an eventual showdown with Olympic champion Claressa Shields. On 31 October 2017, it was reported by Pia that <mask> has a concrete offer for four bouts in America, all being transmitted by either HBO or Showtime.On 4 November 2017, <mask> retained her WBO and WBC middleweight titles with a fourth-round knockout win over Gifty Amanua Ankrah at the SportScheck Allwetteranlage in Munich. Of her encounter with Ankrah, <mask> stated: "[...] I have to beat [Ankrah], step by step, fight by fight [...] I am very well prepared, I know what I have to do, I am in my area in the ring, I feel good there." <mask> brutally stopped Ankrah with a brutal right at the end of the fourth round, which sent her to the canvas. Ankrah stood up, trying to continue in the contest, but her legs were shaking and the fight was suspended by referee Juergen Langos. In the post-fight interview, <mask> praised Ankrah's toughness by stating, "[Ankrah] is a very tough boxer, I've never felt a head harder than hers. My hands hurt, it was a good test and a good warm-up for my trip to the United States. ", while hoping that Shields watches fight tape to know what is coming for her.<mask> vs. Nelson
On 14 December 2017, The Ring reported that <mask> will make her U.S. debut on 12 January, against Lisa Noel Garland (15-9, 8 KOs), with the fight to take place at the Turning Stone Resort & Casino, in Verona, New York, with <mask> stating: "The U.S. debut is very important for me; I want to show that I'm the real deal in female boxing. Ever since I won my first title, it has always been a dream of mine to fight in the U.S.A [...] I want to fight both Cornejo and Shields in the future. I train hard and I'm ready to fight everyone." On 18 December 2017, Dmitriy Salita announced of <mask> to a multi-fight promotional contract with Salita Promotions, with <mask> making her US debut 12 January 2018 at the Turning Stone Resort Casino in Verona, New York. In January 2018, The Ring reported that <mask> was due to appear on the undercard of Claressa Shields vs Tori Nelson on 12 January, however, due to a delay in her work via, <mask> will have to wait to the spring for her United States debut. On 24 April 2018, The Guardian announced that <mask> was set to defend her WBO and WBC middleweight titles against former champion Tori Nelson at the Detroit Masonic Temple in Detroit, Michigan on 22 June, with the fight shown on Showtime. After the announcement, <mask> had revealed she spent much of her camp in Tyrol, Austria, to engage in high-altitude training in preparation for Nelson.At the official weigh-in, a day before the fight, <mask> tipped the scales at 159.5 lbs, while Nelson weighed 157.5 lbs. <mask> smartly exploited her height and reach advantages by keeping the fight at long range but moving inside just often enough to win the majority of the exchanges. Her typically excellent jab landed with frequency, and with heavier force than in past fights, and her right hand connected with enough impact to make the point but not enough to upend Nelson, ultimately resulting in judges Katealia Chambers, Benoit Roussel, and Pasquale Procopio scoring the fight 99–91, 99–91, and 100–90 all in favour of the defending WBO and WBC champion. <mask>'s defeat of Nelson made her the first German fighter to successfully defend a world title in the US since Max Schmeling successfully defended his heavyweight title against Young Stribling at the Municipal Stadium, Cleveland, Ohio in 1931. Statistically speaking, according to The Ring, <mask> was superb: Averaging 46.6 punches per round, while limiting Nelson to 31.8, she prevailed 103-56 overall, 44-18 jabs and 59-38 power. The accuracy figures were sub-par (22% overall, 19% jabs, 26% power) but her defensive skills limited Nelson to just 18% overall, 16% jabs and 19% power. Also with the fight already in hand, <mask> throttled down from 53 punches in round nine to 36 in the 10th.In the post-fight interview, <mask> spoke of attempting to get the knockout, though praising Nelson's toughness, though she continued by stating: "I'm really looking forward to fighting [Shields]. She will try and fight me on the inside but my footwork and my reach will make the difference [...] It will be the biggest women's fight ever. I would like to fight her at a neutral site." On 24 April 2018, Dan Rafael of ESPN stated that <mask> and Shields, both being victorious, will fight for the undisputed middleweight title this fall on Showtime. Undisputed middleweight championship

<mask> vs. Shields
From March 2017 up until the end of August 2018, both camps of <mask> and Shields were in deep talks around the super fight to finally take place. On 25 September 2018, The Ring announced that <mask> and Shields will fight for undisputed middleweight championship at the Adrian Phillips Theater at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey on 17 November, with the winner becoming the second woman of the four-belt era to hold all the titles in one division. Of the announcement, <mask> remarked: "I am the best middleweight in the world and will make that point very clear when we get in the ring.It's been my dream to fight in the biggest women's fight of all time and raise women's boxing to an all-time high. I will be crowned the undisputed middleweight queen [...]" On 2 October 2018, Dan Rafael of ESPN reported that an undisclosed medical condition had forced <mask> to postpone her fight with Shields for the undisputed championship. On 5 October the WBC stated that <mask> suffered from a digestive ailment, making her medically unfit to box for the foreseeable future. The WBC named <mask> champion in recess, while Shields will fight for the vacant title on 17 November against Hannah Rankin. On 27 January 2019, it was announced that <mask> would fight Elene Sikmashvili at the Verti Music Hall in Friedrichshain on 9 February, as <mask> wished to box in Germany before fighting Shields sometime in 2019. The eighth-round fight was decided by technical knockout in the second round after thirty-five seconds, with <mask> stopping Sikmashvili. On 12 February 2019, it was announced that <mask> and Shields will meet for the undisputed championship on 13 April at the Adrian Phillips Theater at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, with The Ring female middleweight title also being contested.After the announcement, <mask> revealed she spent much of her camp at Seefeld in Tyrol, Austria, to engage in high-altitude training in preparation for Shields. The official press conference took place on 26 February, with <mask> remarking the big risk to come from Germany to the U.S, while stating: "[...] I believe the best should fight the best and I did what I had to so that this could happen. This fight can be a game changer for our sport." On 13 April 2019, <mask> lost the WBC and WBO titles via unanimous decision in her bid to become the undisputed women's middleweight champion. All three judges scored the bout 98–92 in favour of Shields. Personal life
<mask> has lived in Dortmund, Germany since 2009. In July 2012, <mask> received her certificate of having passed her Abitur, which allowed her to study sports science at the University of Applied Management in Unna.While in her sixth-semester at the University of Hagen, in 2016, she stated she makes a great effort to complete her studies while boxing. She is a brand ambassador for the underwear line Anita, for which she occasionally models, while also being a part of Movement130, which encourages females of all shapes, sizes, and lifestyles to embrace their own distinctive beauty. <mask> is a patron of Vive Žene, a facility for refugees, threatened girls, and young women at the Ossenbrink in Herdecke, with the Dortmund Equality Office suggesting that "a female boxer is just right to express power and power." While becoming the first female boxer to own an online casino, she donates 5% of her online casino income to World Boxing Cares and to the Jose Sulaiman Relief Fund for needy boxers, to which she became a WBC Ambassador, whereby she stated: "My Casino will use its popularity also as a platform for good works. I am very impressed with WBC Cares and their work for global good, particularly children [...] it's my privilege to give back." Professional boxing record

References

External links

 Official website

 Shields vs <mask>: All Eyes On Women's Boxing

1990 births
Living people
People from Karaganda Region
Middleweight boxers
Light-middleweight boxers
Super-middleweight boxers
German women boxers
Kazakhstani women boxers
Russian and Soviet-German people
Citizens of Germany through descent
German people of Kazakhstani descent
Kazakhstani people of German descent
Kazakhstani emigrants to Germany
World boxing champions
World middleweight boxing champions
World super-middleweight boxing champions
World Boxing Organization champions
World Boxing Council

masks: Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer Hammer


title: Richard Rainwater

type: original

texts:
<mask> (June 15, 1944 – September 27, 2015) was an American investor and philanthropist. With an estimated net worth of $3 billion, he ranked 211th on the Forbes 400 in 2015. His investing style was described as "analytically rigorous but opportunistic and Texas-sized in its audacity." <mask> was a mentor and early backer of investors including Eddie Lampert, Roger Staubach, and David Bonderman. Between 2009 and his death in 2015, he suffered from progressive supranuclear palsy, a rare disease involving neurodegeneration. During his lifetime, <mask> donated over $380 million to charitable causes and left nearly all of his estate to his charitable foundation. Early life
<mask> grew up in Fort Worth, Texas.His father owned a wholesale grocery business and his mother was a clerk at J.C. Penney. He is of Lebanese roots. <mask> graduated from R. L. Paschal High School. In 1963, he was initiated as a member of the Tau chapter of the Kappa Sigma fraternity at the University of Texas at Austin and in 1966, he graduated with a degree in mathematics. In 1996, he was recognized as Kappa Sigma Man of the Year. In 1968, he earned a Master of Business Administration from the Stanford Graduate School of Business. Career
From 1968 to 1970, <mask> worked for Goldman Sachs.In 1970, Sid Bass, a classmate of <mask>, invited him, then 26 years old, to manage the Bass family investments. From 1970 to July 1986, <mask> served as the chief investment advisor to the Bass family. He was given $5 million to invest during his first year and managed to lose it all. Rainwater then sought a more methodical investment strategy by studying investors including Warren Buffett, Benjamin Graham, and David Dodd. <mask> eventually transformed the Bass family fortune from $50 million into $5 billion, amassing $100 million for himself by the time he went on his own in 1986. Investments
Notable investments by Rainwater included:
 1969 - General American Oil Company
 1984 - On behalf of the Bass family, <mask> made $400 million when Texaco bought back shares to avoid a hostile takeover. 1984 - On behalf of the Bass family, <mask> invested $478 million in Walt Disney Company and hired Michael Eisner to turn the company around
 1986 - Ensco (now Valaris plc)
 1988 - HCA Healthcare
 1989 - Along with Rusty Rose and George W. Bush, bought the Texas Rangers.Bush turned his initial $606,000 investment into more than $15 million. 1989 - Acquired 20% of the Staubach Company for $1 million
 1992 - Mid Ocean Limited, a provider of casualty re-insurance
 1994 - Crescent Real Estate, 15 million square feet of office space in Houston
 1996 - Acquired control of Mesa Petroleum. In 1997, after <mask>'s wife fired T. Boone Pickens, the company merged with Parker & Parsley to form Pioneer Natural Resources
 Late 1990s - When oil was trading at $12/barrel, <mask> invested $100 million in energy stocks and $200 million in oil futures. He saw the peak oil phenomenon as an investment opportunity after reading Beyond the Limits, a 1992 book that detailed the consequences of a rapidly growing world population. During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, <mask> lost $400 million on paper, which prompted him to reread the book. Personal life
<mask>'s first marriage, to his high school sweetheart, Karen, ended in divorce in October 1991, after 25 years. They had three children: Matthew, Todd, and Courtney.In December 1991, 2 months after his divorce was finalized, <mask> married financier Darla Moore and moved to Manhattan. At that time, he took a year off. Most of the time, he lived apart from his wife. <mask> often visited Canyon Ranch and acquired the spa via Crescent Real Estate. <mask> owned a mansion in Montecito, California. He also invested in the Pebble Beach Golf Links along with Clint Eastwood. <mask> was a fan of The Road Less Traveled, a spiritual book by M. Scott Peck.<mask> was a self-described "fitness fanatic" and ran marathons. He loved motorsports and sponsored cars in competitions. He owned a souped-up 1970 Chevrolet Camaro that a professional friend would race. George W. Bush invested along with <mask> and <mask> donated $100,000 to Bush for the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election. Bush was criticized for favoring policies that benefited Rainwater's investments. <mask> also donated $100,000 to the 2010 Florida gubernatorial election campaign of Rick Scott, who oversaw HCA Healthcare, a major Rainwater investment. In 2009, he was diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy, with a few years to live.<mask> spent over $20 million on research trying to fight the disease. In 2010, he was awarded the Arbuckle Award at Stanford University. In accepting the award, he began to cry, showing the effect of his disease on his emotions. That year, he made his last public appearance. In March 2011, a court declared him incapacitated, and his youngest child, Matthew, became his legal guardian. <mask> died on September 27, 2015. By the time he died, <mask> had donated more than $380 million to organizations working for the benefit of higher education, at-risk children, and research associated with neurodegeneration.He left nearly all of his estate for charitable purposes, primarily through the Rainwater Charitable Foundation. In 2019, the Rainwater Charitable awarded its two first prizes: one for outstanding innovation in neurodegenerative disease research to Dr. Michel Goedert (MRC, Cambridge, UK) and one for innovative early-career scientist to Dr. Patrick Hsu (Univ. California, Berkeley, USA). <mask> also left $5 million to UT Austin for the study of American music. His will and testament also provided $60 million to his wife, Darla Moore. Awards and Honors
1992 - Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
2010 - GSB Alumni Association's 2010 Arbuckle Award

References

External links
 Rainwater Charitable Foundation

1944 births
2015 deaths
American financial businesspeople
American investors
American money managers
American billionaires
American people of Lebanese descent
People from Fort Worth, Texas
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
American investment bankers

masks:
Richard Edward Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater
Rainwater


title: Muthusamy Lakshmanan

texts:
<mask> (born 25 March 1946) is an Indian theoretical physicist currently working as Professor of Eminence at the Department of Nonlinear Dynamics of Bharathidasan University. Presently he is the DST-SERB National Science Chair awarded by Science and Engineering Research Board, Department of Science and Technology. He has held several research fellowships which included Raja Rammanna fellowship of Department of Atomic Energy, Alexander von Humboldt fellowship, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science fellowship, Royal Society Nuffield Foundation fellowship, and NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship. In the year 2021, on August 15, he was conferred with Dr. A. P. J Abdul Kalam Award awarded by the Government of Tamil Nadu. Known for his research on nonlinear dynamics and for the development of Murali-Lakshmanan-Chua (MLC) Circuit, <mask>warup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 1989. Biography
<mask> was born on 25 March 1946 in Pollachi, in the Coimbatore district of the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu.He graduated in science from NGM College in Pollachi in 1966 and earned his master's degree in physics (MSc) at Madras Christian College of the University of Madras in 1969. His post-MSc studies in theoretical physics were also at the University of Madras, completed with a first rank in 1970. He joined the university as a research assistant the same year. Simultaneously, he pursued his doctoral studies, supervised by P. M. Mathews, to secure a PhD in nonlinear dynamics in 1974. Taking a sabbatical from university service, he did his post-doctoral studies first at the University of Tübingen as an Alexander von Humboldt fellow during 1976–77, and then at the Eindhoven University of Technology from 1977 to 1978. On his return to India, he rejoined University of Madras at their Post-Graduate Centre at Tiruchirapalli as a reader of physics, and held this post until 1982 when he moved to the physics department of Bharathidasan University as a reader. He was promoted as a professor in 1984, after which he headed the department of physics (1994–2006) as well as the Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics (CNLD) (1992–2006).In between, he served as an honorary professor at S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences from 1989 to 1994. During his university service, <mask> had several stints abroad: at the Institute of Science and Technology of the University of Manchester during 1979–80 as Royal Society Nuffield Foundation fellow, as a guest scientist at Uppsala University in 1981, and as a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science fellow at Kyoto University from 1984 to 1985. He also filled short-term assignments at
institutions such as the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (1975 and 1986), Utrecht University (1975), Indian Institute of Science (1976), NATO Advanced Study Institute (1980), University of Melbourne (1980), University of Adelaide (1980), Indian Institute of Technology Madras (1982), Pondicherry University (1988), Centro di cultura scientifica Alessandro Volta (1988), Fudan University (1989), Russian Academy of Sciences (1990), Polish Academy of Sciences (as an INSA exchange fellow – 1991), Royal Society (as an INSA exchange visitor – 1996), University of Turku (1997), and Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (as an INSA exchange visitor – 1996). He superannuated from service in 2006. Post-retirement, he was nominated as a professor of eminence by Bharathidasan University and continued his association with the university as a Raja Ramanna fellow of the Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences (BRNS) of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) during 2006–07. After the expiry of the tenure of the fellowship, the Department of Science and Technology selected him as a Ramanna fellow in 2007.In 2011, DAE offered him the Raja Ramanna fellowship for a second term and he continues his research at the university. <mask> is married and has two children. The family lives in K. K. Nagar, Tiruchirappalli. Legacy

<mask> has done extensive research in the field of nonlinear dynamics, especially on solitons and chaos theory. One of the first Indian theoretical physicists to use differential geometrical methods such as Painlevé transcendents and Lie theory for studying the integrability of chaotic systems, he demonstrated unsuspected transformations and proposed variables for exposing hidden nonlinear structures. Collaborating with K. Murali and Leon O. Chua, he developed a non-autonomous chaotic circuit, Murali—Lakshmanan-Chua (MLC) Circuit which they detailed in an article, Controlling and Synchronization of Chaos in the Simplest Dissipative Non-autonomous Circuit, published in International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in 1995. He studied Heisenberg spin chains with respect to its solitons and elucidated the collision of optical solitons in multimode fibres as well as demonstrated the energy sharing between them.The body of his work is reported to have assisted in the development applications based on ferromagnetism and nonlinear optics. His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles and the online article repository of Indian Academy of Sciences has listed 256 of them. Besides, he has published nine books which include "Nonlinear Dynamics: Integrability, Chaos and Patterns", "Chaos in Nonlinear Oscillators: Controlling and Synchronization", "Symmetries and singularity structures", "Dynamics of Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems"  and "Nonlinear Evolution Equations: Integrability and Spectral Methods". His work has drawn citations from other scientists and he has mentored over 25 doctoral and many master's scholars, which has helped develop a school of research on nonlinear dynamics. <mask> founded the Centre for Nonlinear Dynamics of Bharathidasan University and served as the head of the centre for almost a decade and half from 1992 to 2006. He is a member of the editorial board of International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos and has been associated with many other journals such as Advances in Mathematical Physics, Physics News, Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics, Indian Journal of Physics and Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. He also served as the guest editor-in-chief of Chaos, Solitons and Fractals when they published a special issue on solitons in 1995.He has been involved in the organization of the international conferences, workshops and winter schools and is a member of the organizing committee of the 3rd International Conference on Symmetries, Differential Equations and Applications (SDEA-III) scheduled to be held at Istanbul Technical University in August 2017. He delivered the keynote address as the chief guest at the workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics and its Applications organized by Indian Academy of Sciences and Bharathidasan University in 2003 and was the session chair of the Physics and Applied Mathematics Researchers' Meet (PAAMRM-2015) held at Indian Statistical Institute in March 2015. He was also an invited speaker at the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics conference on Nonlinear Waves and Coherent Structures (NW08) in July 2008, at the international conference on Nonlinear Evolution  Equations and Dynamical Systems-2009 in Italy in May 2009, at the Robin Bullough Memorial Meeting of the University of  Manchester in June 2009,at the Symmetry plus Integrability conference in Texas in June 2011, at Physcon-2011 in Spain in September 2011 and at the international conference on Frontiers in Mathematics at Guwahati University in March, 2015. When National Academy of Sciences, India organized a national symposium on "New Materials" in 1987, he was among the organizers of the event and he served in the councils of the other two major Indian science academies, at Indian National Science Academy during 2005–07 and at Indian Academy of Sciences from 2010 to 2012; He also sat in the National Board for Higher Mathematics from 1989 to 1992. Awards and honors
<mask> Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards in 1989. The UGC honored him again in 1990 with the Hari Om Trust Meghnad Saha Award and he received the Tamil Nadu Scientists Award in 1994, followed by Hari Om Ashram Prerit Shri Hari Vallabhdas Chunilal Shah Research Endowment Prize in 1996. He was selected as a Distinguished Scientist by the Indian Science Congress Association in 2004 and Kurukshetra University awarded him the Goyal Prize in Physics the next year. He received the R. D. Birla Award Award of the Indian Physics Association in 2014. <mask> has received seven major research or academic fellowships and five elected fellowships during his career. He has received two research fellowships in the name of Raja Ramanna, from the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology respectively. The other research fellowships were Alexander von Humboldt fellowship (1976–77), Royal Society Nuffield Foundation fellowship (1979–80), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science fellowship (1984–85), International Centre for Theoretical Physics Senior Associate Fellowship (2002–8) and the NASI-Senior Scientist Platinum Jubilee Fellowship (2016–).The National Academy of Sciences, India elected him as a fellow in 1989 and he became a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy in 1991 and 1992 respectively. In 1999, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences elected him as a fellow and a decade later, The World Academy of Sciences made him their fellow. The year 2009 brought him another honor by way of honoris causa degree of Doctor of Science from University of Burdwan. The award orations delivered by him include Prof. G. Sankaranarayanan Endowment lecture (19910 and Dr. V. Shanmuga Sundaram Endowment lecture (2005) of Annamalai University, Dr. Biren Roy Memorial lecture (1998)
and Professor Vishnu Vasudeva Narlikar Memorial lecture (2006) of Indian National Science Academy, Professor M. M. Thomas Endowment Lectures of Bishop Moore College (2001) and Prof. A. C. Banerji Memorial lecture of National Academy of Sciences, India (2007). An article was published in Chaos Solitons and Fractals in 1998 in honor of <mask> on the occasion of his 50th birthday, written by K.Porsezian, one of his co-authors. Lakshmanan has been selected for the prestigious fellowship of the National Science Chairs instituted by Department of Science and Technology-Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) for 2021. Selected bibliography

Books

Articles
hna Sinha |title=Design of time delayed chaotic circuit with threshold controller |journal=International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos in Applied Sciences and Engineering |publication-date=2011 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=725–735 |doi=10.1142/S0218127411028751|arxiv=1008.4011 |bibcode=2011IJBC...21..725S }}

See also
 Schrödinger equation
 Minkowski space
 Soliton (optics)
 Lyapunov stability

Notes

References

External links

1946 births
People from Coimbatore district
Indian theoretical physicists
Scientists from Tamil Nadu
Indian technology writers
Madras Christian College alumni
University of Madras alumni
University of Tübingen alumni
Eindhoven University of Technology alumni
University of Madras faculty
Academics of the University of Manchester
Kyoto University faculty
Uppsala University faculty
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
TWAS fellows
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
20th-century Indian physicists
Living people

masks:
Muthusamy Lakshmanan
Lakshmananti S
Muthusamy Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan
Lakshmananti
Lakshmanan
Lakshmanan


title: Dave Mitchell (soccer)

texts:
<mask> (born 13 June 1962) is a former Australian international football player who most recently worked as head coach of Malaysian Premier League club Kedah FA. A powerful striker, <mask> is remembered as one of the pioneers for Australian players in Europe, appearing in the German Bundesliga, Dutch Eredivisie, Scottish Premier League, Turkish Super Lig, as well as the top-flight and second tier in England. In Asia, he played for clubs in Hong Kong and Malaysia. He played 44 times for the national team, scoring a total of 14 goals and a number of assists, and appearing in the 1988 Summer Olympic Games in Seoul. <mask> was born in Glasgow, but moved to Adelaide as a young child. <mask> played for overseas clubs for more than a dozen years before returning to Australia to coach Sydney Olympic, Sydney United and Parramatta Power in the National Soccer League. He was the assistant manager to Ron Smith at A-League club Perth Glory before taking the top position after Smith's sacking, helping the club end its winless streak.Playing career
As a player, <mask> bought out his own contract at Adelaide City so he could join Rangers, the club that his family supported, in 1983. He broke into the first team at the same time as acclaimed Scotland striker Ally McCoist. Both he and McCoist scored their first goals for the club in the same Scottish League Cup game and he also represented the Glasgow club on the European stage. In 1985, <mask> became the first Australian to feature in the Bundesliga, playing for two seasons for Eintracht Frankfurt. He also played for Dutch football club Feyenoord—appearing in the UEFA Cup—before securing a move to Chelsea in the top flight of English football. He also played - and scored - on-loan for Newcastle United becoming first Aussie to play and score for the famous North-East club. Playing in the second-tier of English football, he had spells at Swindon Town where he played with Glenn Hoddle and helped them earn promotion to the English Premier League and Millwall where he scored 15 league goals in 55 games.He then moved to Malaysia and scored the winner in the 1995 Malaysia Cup final; this was a golden goal, the first golden goal to be scored in a Malaysia Cup final. <mask> finished his career with Australian clubs Sydney Olympic and Sydney United as he transitioned into coaching. Managerial career

<mask>'s coaching career in the NSL spanned six seasons and 154 matches, in which he recorded 68 wins, 31 draws and 55 losses. When he returned from playing in Europe he was a player/coach for clubs Sydney Olympic and Sydney United. Some of his coaching achievements include a Grand Final appearance in 1998–99 with Sydney United and also being the inaugural coach of Parramatta Power in 1999–2000. <mask> was appointed interim head coach of Perth Glory after the sacking of Ron Smith in November 2007 and was then given a contract until March 2009. It was further extended to the end of the 2010–11 season in November 2008.Some of his major achievements while manager of Perth Glory was to sign key international players including Robbie Fowler and Andy Todd. <mask> stepped down as Perth Glory coach during the 2010–11 A-League season after an unbeaten run of five games until his side conceded four consecutive losses. He decided to move to the role of Director of Football. <mask> then moved Ian Ferguson to the head coaching role to replace himself. Both positions were for the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons. On 4 March 2011, <mask> was released from his contract from the club after the role was deemed redundant after an independent review of football operations at Perth Glory. In November 2013, Malaysian Premier League club Kedah FA announced on its website that <mask> had been appointed head coach and was preparing for the 2014 Premier League season.But despite the Red Eagles' solid start to the 2014 campaign and a Malaysia FA Cup quarterfinal appearance, he was sacked in April due to political in-fighting within the club. 2014 worked as a pundit for Astro TV for the EPL in Malaysia and also for the Brazil World cup 2014

2015 he was engaged by Mike Charlsworth the owner of Central Coast Mariners FC in the Australian A League as GM of Asia. This was for possible connections and joint ventures in the growing Asia market. Worked with Frenz United in Malaysia with ex Liverpool legend Steve McMahon to help bring the under 19's of Frenz United to the final of the Asian Championship trophy where they were defeated by a robust and tough Japanese team Kashima Antlers in the final. 2015 - 2016 In the past <mask> has also work as a scout for Feyenoord Rotterdam and is currently their Asian Ambassador for the club. 2016 worked for Astro TV as a pundit for the EPL

2017 worked for ESPNFC as a pundit for Australia's 2018 World Cup playoff against Syria. Managerial statistics

International goals
Scores and results list goal tally first.Honours

Player
Rangers
 Scottish League Cup: 1984–85

Seiko
Hong Kong League: 1984–85
Hong Kong Cup: 1984–85

Swindon Town
 First Division Play-Off Final: 1993

Selangor
 Malaysia Cup: 1995

Australia
Trans-Tasman: 1983
Merlion Cup: 1982

Individual
 FFA Hall of Champions: 2006 Inductee
NSL U21 Player of the Year: 1980–81 (Papasavas Medal)

Manager
 Sydney United
NSL Premiership: 1998–99

 Individual
NSL Coach of the Year: 1998–99

References

External links

 OZ Football profile

1962 births
Living people
Australian soccer players
Australian soccer coaches
Rangers F.C. players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Feyenoord players
Chelsea F.C. players
NEC Nijmegen players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Altay S.K. footballers
Millwall F.C. players
Seiko SA players
Sydney Olympic FC players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Perth Glory FC managers
Scottish footballers
Scottish Football League players
Eredivisie players
Bundesliga players
Hong Kong First Division League players
Australia international soccer players
Olympic soccer players of Australia
Footballers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Sydney Olympic FC managers
Central Coast Mariners FC non-playing staff
British expatriates in Hong Kong
Australian expatriate soccer players
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
Expatriate footballers in Hong Kong
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia
Expatriate footballers in Malaysia
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Scottish expatriate football managers
National Soccer League (Australia) players
A-League Men managers
Sydney United 58 FC managers
Association football forwards
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Soccer players from Adelaide

masks:
David Stuart Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell


title: Susan Ellis Weismer

texts:
<mask> (born March 27, 1953) is a language and communication scientist known for her work on language development in children with specific language impairment (SLI, also known as developmental language disorder) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). She is the Oros Family Chair and Professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where she is a Principal Investigator and Director of the Language Processes Lab. She has also served as the Associate Dean for Research, College of Letters and Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. <mask> received the Alfred K. Kawana Award for Lifetime Achievement in Publications from the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) in 2017. Previously, in 2013, she received ASHA Honors of the Association, which is their highest honor for contributions to the discipline of communication sciences and disorders. <mask> has served as Language Editor of the Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. Biography

<mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Speech and Hearing Science and a PhD in Language Development and Disorders from Indiana University, and also completed requirements for her CCC-SLP (Certificate of Clinical Competence, Speech-Language Pathologist).As a graduate student, <mask> studied under the mentorship of Judith Johnston, who provided guidance for her dissertation, Constructive comprehension abilities exhibited by language-disordered children. Her dissertation examined children's ability to draw interferences based on information contained in short stories presented verbally or through pictures. Children (second graders) with language disorders were less likely to make appropriate spatial and causal inferences based on story content, even when they remembered the relevant information from the story, when compared to peers of the same age who were matched in terms of nonverbal abilities. The children with language disorders performed similarly to younger children (kindergarteners) matched on language comprehension. <mask>'s research article based on the dissertation won the Language Editor's Award from the Journal of Speech and Hearing Research in 1986. <mask>er's research program has been funded through grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Research
<mask>er is known for longitudinal studies of language development and for designing interventions to support communicative development in different clinical populations.One of her goals has been to assist in early identification of toddlers at risk for language disorders. She and her students conducted a five-year study of lexical (vocabulary) and grammatical development in late talking toddlers with the aim of determining whether the evaluation methods used to assess language processing in late talkers were reliable indicators of future language delays. They found close links between vocabulary and syntactic knowledge in both late talkers and toddlers with typical language development, but also found less reliance on syntactic bootstrapping in support of vocabulary development among late talkers. The researchers provided public access to their language corpus through the CHILDES database. <mask> and her colleagues have examined overlapping language profiles of different populations of children with language delay, which has led to improvements in early differential diagnosis of language disorders. One of her studies focused on distinguishing the lexical and grammatical abilities of children with ASD as compared to children identified as late talkers who are not on the autism spectrum. This study revealed that toddlers with autism had more severe receptive than expressive language delays in comparison to a group described as developmentally delayed.Other work, with Hugh Catts and colleagues, examined overlapping language profiles of children identified with dyslexia and those identified with SLI; their research identified a high rate of comorbidity between these developmental disorders. In another study, they compared the language development trajectories of 8th graders identified as having impairments in either reading comprehension or decoding skills, which include the ability to recognize the basic sounds that make up words and map sounds onto letters. At kindergarten, 2nd, and 4th grade, the children with poor reading comprehension had shown deficits in linguistic comprehension whereas the children with poor decoding skills had shown deficits in phonological processing. The distinct patterns of impaired skills in the two groups provided support for the simple view of reading, which proposes that reading is dependent on separable skills of decoding and linguistic comprehension. <mask> also collaborated with J. Bruce Tomblin and others on studies of verbal working memory in children with SLI, and the impact of working memory deficits on language abilities. One of their studies used fMRI to explore brain-behavior relationships in adolescents with SLI and documented atypical attentional and memory processes while the youth performed verbal tasks. Representative publications

 Catts, H. W., Adlof, S. M., Hogan, T. P., & <mask>, S. (2005).Are specific language impairment and dyslexia distinct disorders? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 48(6), 1378–1396. Catts, H. W., Adlof, S. M., & <mask>, S. (2006). Language deficits in poor comprehenders: A case for the simple view of reading. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49(2), 278–293. <mask>, S., Evans, J., & Hesketh, L. J. (1999).An examination of verbal working memory capacity in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42(5), 1249–1260. <mask>, S., & Hesketh, L. J. (1996). Lexical learning by children with specific language impairment: Effects of linguistic input presented at varying speaking rates. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 39(1), 177–190. <mask>, S., Tomblin, J.B., Zhang, X., Buckwalter, P., Chynoweth, J. G., & Jones, M. (2000). Nonword repetition performance in school-age children with and without language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 43(4), 865–878. References

External links

Faculty Home Page
Language Processes Lab
Little Listeners Project

Ellis Weismer Corpus in TalkBank

Living people
American people in health professions
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Indiana University alumni
1953 births

masks:
Susan Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weism
Ellis Weism
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer
Ellis Weismer


title: Harry Geraerts

texts:
<mask> (born 22 August 1945) is a Dutch tenor. His repertoire includes the great oratorios, baroque operas, ensemble music and Lieder, especially in the field of Renaissance and Baroque music. Life
Born in Utrecht, Geraerts attended school in Utrecht and sang in the boys' choir of St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht. In 1972, he became the first private student of Max van Egmond in Amsterdam, as at that time there were no courses of study for early music majoring in singing. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he was a member of the baroque ensemble "De Egelentier". For about three decades he performed at the major early music festivals. He regularly held master classes at the University of Michigan in the US.Geraerts has an international reputation and has performed in almost all European countries, as well as in the US and Israel. In the field of early music, he has appeared as a singer in baroque operas, oratorios and in ensemble music. As a lieder singer, he has recorded the Winterreise by Franz Schubert with Ludger Rémy on the fortepiano. His numerous radio performances and recordings include important works by Johann Sebastian Bach such as some of his cantatas, the St. John Passion and the St. Matthew Passion with Johan van der Meer. His clear voice is appreciated "without vocal equalization and without vibrato, i.e. always razor sharp on the tone", and his lively declamation, which is strongly influenced by the musical rhetoric of the Baroque. Konrad Klek praises Geraerts as the oratorio singer of Bach's great vocal works: "I have never experienced such German linguistic power with any German singer.As a singer he has worked with well-known European ensembles such as the Groningse Bachvereniging, the Fiori musicali, the Musicalische Compagney, the Ensemble Weser-Renaissance Bremen, Leonhardt-Consort and the Alsfelder Vokalensemble. In 2003, he moved from his hometown Utrecht to the South of France, where he had the dilapidated St.-Guiraud Castle restored in Castelnau-Barbarens near Auch. In the Auch Cathedral he gave several concerts with the titular organist Anton Stiller on the local baroque organ from 1694 and the vocal ensemble Capella Auscitensis. Recordings
 Heinrich Schütz: Symphoniae sacrae. Eigenproduktion 6810 167, 1972 (with Groningse Bachvereniging, Berliner Ensemble für Alte Musik, Johan van der Meer). Johann Sebastian Bach: Matthäus-Passion (Auszüge). 1973 (with Solisten des Tölzer Knabenchors, René Jacobs, Marius van Altena, Michiel ten Houte de Lange, Max van Egmond, <mask> der Kamp, Frits van Erven Dorens, Groningse Bachvereniging, Leonhardt-Consort, Alarius Ensemble, musica da camera).Johann Sebastian Bach: Kreuzstab Cantata, BWV 56 / Ich habe genug, BWV 82. Philips 6575 093 [61], 1977 (with Max van Egmond, Baroque Orchestra, Frans Brüggen). Johann Sebastian Bach: Johannes-Passion. 1979 (with Marjanne Kweksilber, Charles Brett, Marius van Altena, Max van Egmond, <mask> der Kamp, Groningse Bachvereniging, Fiori musicali). Gilles Binchois: Chansons. Alpha Brussels MBM 40, 1979 (with Ensemble Kaproen). Heinrich Schütz: Symphoniæ Sacræ I (Venedig 1629).Arion 38604, 1980 (with Musicalische Compagney). Aus den Tagebüchern des Orlando di Lasso. Musique En Wallonie MW 84524, 1982 (with Ensemble Dialogo Musicale, Hans Ludwig Hirsch). Henry Desmarest: Deux grands motets lorrains. Erato STU 71511 REC 350, 1983 (with Barbara Schlick, Mieke van der Sluis, <mask> der Kamp, Fiori musicali). Heinrich Schütz / Johann Seb. Bach: Musikalische Exequien / Gottes Zeit ist die allerbeste Zeit.Teldec 66.23335-0, 1983 with Staats- Und Domchor Berlin, Christian Grube)
 Heinrich Schütz and Giovanni Gabrieli: Psalmen, Concerti und Motetten. Musikproduktion Ambitus amb 97843, 1985 (with Musicalische Compagney). Heinrich Schütz: Weihnachtshistorie. MD+G L 3229, 1986 (with Musicalische Compagney). Heinrich Schütz: Liebe und Klage. Hochzeits-Concerti, Dialoge und Hohe-Lied-Kompositionen. MD+G L 3230, 1986 (with Musicalische Compagney).Vincent Lübeck: Sämtliche Kantaten. Motette CD 50181, 1986 (with David Cordier, Graham Pushee, <mask> der Kamp, New College Choir Oxford). François Couperin: Mis voor orgel, „Messe propre pour les couvents de religieux et de religieuses“. 1990 (with Pierre-Yves Asselin). Franz Schubert: Die Winterreise. MD+G L 3391, 1991 (with Ludger Rémy). Palestrina/Bach: Missa sine nomine.EMI CDC 7544552, 1991 (with Concerto Palatino). Orlando di Lasso: Deutsche Lieder. Ambitius, 1991 (with Musica Canterey Bamberg, Gerhard Weinzierl). The Apocryphal Bach Cantatas BWV 217–222. CPO 999 139–2, 1992 (with Alsfelder Vokalensemble, Wolfgang Helbich). Nordniederländische Orgelkunst. Coronata, COR 1217, 1992 (with Stef Tuinstra).Orlando di Lasso: Musik am Hofe Bamberger Fürst Bischöfe I. Ambitus amb 97895, 1992 (with Musica Canterey Bamberg, Gerhard Weinzierl). Johann Sebastian Bach: Kaffeekantate BWV 211 / Bauernkantate BWV 212. Discodom DSD 0094.2, 1993 (with Monika Frimmer, Peter Kooy, De Nederlandse Cantorij). Heinrich Scheidemann: Sämtliche Orgelmotetten. Orlando di Lasso, Hans Leo Haßler. Ambitus amb 97946, 1995 (with Musicalische Compagney, Klaus Eichhorn). Johann Rosenmüller: Venezianische Vespermusik.Ambitus, Amb 97949, 1995 (with Musicalische Compagney). Gabrieli Tedesco. Das Spätwerk Giovanni Gabrieli's aus deutschen Quellen. CPO 99 454–2, 1996 (with Musicalische Compagney). Jacob Praetorius: Motets & Organ Works. CPO 999215–2, 1996 (with Weser-Renaissance, Harald Vogel). Iacobus Regnart: Stabat Mater.CPO 999 507–2, 1996 (with Weser-Renaissance). Friedens-Seufftzer Und Jubel-Geschrey / Music For The Peace Of Westphalia 1648. CPO 999 571–2, 1997 (with Weser-Renaissance). Heinrich Schütz: Geistliche Chormusik 1648. Capriccio 10858/59; Bayerischer Rundfunk LC 87484, 1998 (with Musicalische Compagney and Tölzer Knabenchor)
 In Terra Pax. Fest-Concerte zum Westfälischen Frieden. Ambitus, amb 97 920, 1998 (with Musicalische Conmpagney).Ludwig Senfl: Deutsche Lieder / Carmina. CPO, 1999 (with Weser-Renaissance). Hans Leo Hassler: Motets and Organ Works. CPO 999 723–2, 2000 (with Weser-Renaissance). Lieder/lustick zu syngen/zu fleiten und schwegelen. Cornetto, 2000 (with Columna Sonans). Festive Hanseatic Music.CPO 999 782–2, 2000 (with Weser-Renaissance). Gabrieli Superiore. Motetten und Canzonen von Giovanni Gabrieli. Querstand VKJK 0019, 2001 (with Musicalische Compagney). Orlando di Lasso: Bußpsalmen Nr. 1–3. Capriccio 67018, 2003 (with Tölzer Knabenchor).Orlando di Lasso. Bußpsalmen Nr. 4–7. Capriccio 67130; Bayerischer Rundfunk, LC 67130, 2004 (with Tölzer Knabenchor). Johann Sebastian Bach: Stil'Antico-Motetten à 4. Rondeau-LC 06690, 2008 (with Musicalische Compagney). Further reading
 : Der geistliche Hörer.In Michael Heinemann, Bernhard Hentrich (ed. ): Erfahrungen mit Bach. Ein Dresdner Bach-Buch (Bach nach Bach. Vol. 3). Dohr, Cologne 2020, , . Konrad Klek: Wie Bach zum Europäer wurde.In Peter Bubmann, Eckart Liebau (ed. ): Die Ästhetik Europas. Ideen und Illusionen. transcript, Bielefeld 2016, , , . References

External links

 www.bach-cantatas.com: Kurzvita auf Bach Cantatas
 Einspielungen von <mask> auf WorldCat

Dutch operatic tenors
1945 births
Living people
People from Utrecht (province)
University of Michigan people

masks:
Harry Geraerts
Harry van
Harry van
Harry van
Harry van
Harry Geraerts


title: Shanaze Reade

texts:
<mask> (born 23 September 1988 in Crewe, Cheshire, United Kingdom) is a British former bicycle motocross (BMX) racer and track cyclist whose prime competitive years began in 2002. She has won the UCI BMX World Championships three times. Reade is the daughter of a Jamaican father and an Irish mother. Early years
Reade was primarily raised by her grandparents after her mother gave birth to her at the age of 17. She has credited her grandfather with giving her the self-confidence to achieve success in her cycling career. Reade began racing in 1998 at the age of 10, at Tipkinder Park in Crewe. A local track operator named Bob Field, whose son also raced at the time, became her mentor.She was previously a Track & Field enthusiast but apparently got bored with 100-metre sprint running and the Shot Put after five years in those sports before discovering BMX. BMX career to 2007
In 2005, she raced the National series with the men all year, despite being only 17 years old. She commented on racing against men in a Descent World interview:

Reade fractured her knee two weeks before the UCI World Championships in July 2005 at a national event in England. She raced the World Championships with her knee wrapped up and on pain killers but crashed in the quarter finals. Known for her power, she developed her strength racing against boys and older amateurs, including men up to the present time. She won her first professional race in the Girls Pro at the American Bicycle Association (ABA) Winternationals in Phoenix, Arizona on 1 April 2006. She also won the following day.In 2006, she became British National No.1 in 19 & Over Elite Men after racing the National series with men all year, despite being only 17 at the time, 1.72 metres tall and 76 kg. In June 2006, Reade broke a metatarsal bone in practice. Her first race back was the 2006 European Championships where she competed only in the last two race events before the final Event. The cast came off four days before the European Championships Final Event. She won the World Championships in Brazil in August 2006 despite an earlier injury to her foot. Her BMX victories at junior level include three World, eight European and five British BMX championships. Reade is also a champion track racer, riding on Velodromes.In July 2007 she became the Women's Senior UCI BMX World Champion and at the 2007 UCI Track World Championships, she won the gold in the women's team sprint with Victoria Pendleton. It was only her second track race ever. Not only was she the first ever to win a track championship in her rookie year, she completed the feat after only six weeks of training. She had originally taken up the sport to keep her fit for BMX competition. Track racing
Reade started track racing on 24 February 2007, her first ever competition on the velodrome was in the Manchester round of the 2006–2007 UCI Track Cycling World Cup Classics. She took second place with Anna Blyth in the Team Sprint in a time of 34.294 seconds. The Gold Medal-winning Dutch team of Yvonne Hijgenaar and Willy Kanis' time was 33.966 seconds.Like <mask>, Kanis is also a champion BMX racer. <mask> and Blyth's qualifying time was the fastest of the event at 33.802 seconds. In the final round, the Dutch team made a false start, however, Reade didn't notice the call back to the start and completed a lap at full sprint. In a post race interview, Reade said:

A month later, on 29 March, Reade went on to take first place in Team Sprint at the UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Palma de Mallorca along with Victoria Pendleton. It was also the first ever Women's Team Sprint Gold Medal title in that event. Their winning time was 33.631 seconds. Reade was a last minute replacement for Anna Blyth, Reade's partner at her first track racing event a month prior.This success in Velodrome racing follows the example of the former professional BMX racer, Jamie Staff, who had a successful career both in Velodrome track racing and BMX racing. At the 2008 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in Manchester, she again won the gold in the women's team sprint with Pendleton. On 20 November 2007 Reade was named The Sunday Times Young Sportswoman of the Year. Olympic Games
Reade is still active in track racing but concentrated on BMX for the event's first inclusion in the Olympic Games in 2008. Having successfully defended her crown at the 2008 world championships, Reade was named the sole woman member of the United Kingdom BMX Olympic team by British Cycling on 9 July 2008. She was the favourite to win the gold medal in the women's BMX event. She crashed in the first qualifying heat time trial, but the second heat saw Reade set second fastest time.As the best of both times was counted; she advanced to the semi-finals. They were run in three heats, with riders accumulating points dependendent on placings. Despite crashing in the first heat, Reade gained enough points to put her through to the final. The final round saw Reade ride slightly more conservatively conceding the lead to Anne-Caroline Chausson on the first berm. She crashed again on the final berm when she clipped Chausson's rear wheel, conceding the chance of a medal. She did not finish the race. Return to the track
On 16 March 2009, <mask> was selected in the British squad for the World Track Cycling Championships in Pruszków, Poland, where she once again competed alongside Victoria Pendleton in the Women's Sprint and Team Sprint events.In 2009 however <mask> and Pendleton failed to retain their team crown, winning only a silver after losing out to Kaarle McCulloch and Anna Meares of Australia. Reade was philosophical after this setback telling BBC Sport "I did the best possible ride I could do on the day so I'm really happy." In April 2015 it was announced that Reade was re-joining the Great Britain track squad after a period based in the United States competing in BMX. Subsequently, in August 2015 the  team announced that Reade would ride for them during the 2015–16 track cycling season as part of her preparation for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Olympics 2012
Reade again represented Great Britain in the women's BMX event for the London 2012 Olympics. Having placed second, first and second in the three heat semi-final she finished a disappointing sixth in the final. Retirement and comeback
In April 2017 Reade announced her retirement from competition, after she had been dropped from British Cycling's elite squad: in a 2021 interview she said this had forced her into retirement as British Cycling's medical team believed that she would not be able to compete at the Tokyo Olympics as she had had her shoulder operated on five times.After her retirement she became a fitness coach. However, the period after her retirement was marked by a bout of alcoholism and weight gain, which she was able to recover from after joining Alcoholics Anonymous. In August 2018 she returned to training at British Cycling, after being invited several times by performance director Stephen Park. In a January 2019 interview, Reade explained that she was returning to competition for "closure" after feeling that her physical and mental condition were sub-optimal at the time of her retirement, adding that she was now treating the sport as a hobby and not accepting funding for her cycling. That month she won the British National Team Sprint Championships alongside Blaine Ridge-Davis - her first national title in any discipline. However, a few days afterwards she was ruled out of selection for the 2019 UCI Track Cycling World Championships due to a rule changed which required competitors at the world championships to have competed in that season's World Cup: the team sprint squad that Team GB sent to the world championships was unable to secure qualification for the Olympics in the event. Reade subsequently retired from competition for a second time.She has stated that she was subsequently approached by the British Bobsleigh and Skeleton Association to enquire whether she would consider competing in bobsleigh with a view to being part of the British squad at the 2022 Winter Olympics, but that she had turned them down. Aside from fitness coaching, she also serves as West Midlands cycling and walking ambassador, and also acts as a brand ambassador for a number of companies including HSBC. In 2020 she was appointed as a co-opted member of the Board of Directors for the 2023 UCI Cycling World Championships in Glasgow and in June 2021 she was also announced as an ambassador for the 2023 Worlds. Titles and awards

BMX titles

Amateur
British Cycling
2000
11–12 Girls and 12 Girls Cruiser BCFBMX National Champion. She also came in 4th in 12 cruiser against the boys that year
2001
Senior Women's Champion
13 Girls European Champion
2003
15 Girls European Champion
2004
16 Girls European Champion
16 Girls and 18 & Under Women's Cruiser World Champion
2005
18 & Under Women's Cruiser European Champion
17 Expert European Champion
2006
Junior Elite Women European Champion

Professional
British Cycling
2002
Superclass girl National Champion
2003
Superclass girl National Champion
2006
19 & Over Elite Men British National No.1

Union Cycliste Internationale
2006
 Junior Women World Champion
2007
 Elite Women World Champion
Elite Women European Champion
Elite Women Supercross World Cup Champion – This was the "Good Luck, Beijing" race held on 22 August 2007 on the Olympic track in Beijing, China exactly 362 days before BMX Olympic competition started in Beijing. 2008
 Elite Women World Champion
Elite Women Supercross World Cup Champion
2010
 Elite Women World Champion
2013
1st UCI BMX Supercross World Cup – Round 1
1st UCI BMX Supercross World Cup – Round 2

Track results

2007
1st  Team Sprint, World Championships, with Victoria Pendleton
2nd Team Sprint, UCI Track Cycling World Cup, with Anna Blyth
5th 500 m TT, World Championships
2008
1st  Team Sprint, World Championships, with Victoria Pendleton
2015
2nd British National Team Sprint Championships, with Victoria Williamson
2019
1st  British National Team Sprint Championships, with Blaine Ridge-Davis

References

External links
Profile at British Cycling

Living people
1988 births
Black British sportswomen
BMX riders
Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Cyclists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists of Great Britain
English female cyclists
English people of Jamaican descent
English track cyclists
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT Black British people
LGBT cyclists
LGBT sportspeople from England
Sportspeople from Crewe
UCI Track Cycling World Champions (women)

masks:
Shanaze Danielle Reade
Reade
Reade
Reade
Reade


title: M. A. R. Barker

texts:
<mask>-al-<mask> (born <mask>, November 3, 1929 – March 16, 2012) was an American linguist who was professor of Urdu and South Asian Studies and created one of the first roleplaying games, Empire of the Petal Throne. He also wrote several fantasy/science fantasy novels based in his associated world setting of Tékumel. Early life
Born in Spokane, Washington, descended from ancestors who had originally settled in America in 1626, <mask>'s childhood was spent around Washington and Idaho. As a youth he had an interest in "fairy stories, history and literature" which would be further influenced by such films as The Thief of Bagdad; all of which helped to turn his casual "wargames" with toy soldiers more towards fantasy. From this his fictional lands of Tsolyanu and others, in what was later to become Tékumel, emerged and were embellished further in middle and high school years during which time he commenced construction of armies of hand-carved figures to represent his creations. Also at an early age, <mask>'s interest in languages was piqued by neighboring children of Basque origin who were able to exclude others from their secret conversations in their native tongue. Academic life and creative networking
In, and just before 1950, while <mask> was studying at the University of Washington under <mask>, he became involved with small press publications, writing articles, short stories and contributing reviews to Fanscient and the local clubzine Sinisterra, the latter of which contained his review of, and content from, Jack Vance relating to his recently published book, The Dying Earth.Also at this time, <mask> corresponded with other authors who contributed to those same publications, including Lin Carter in whose writings and linguistic experiments he took an interest and with whom he finally put to paper the story line of his own created world. He received a Fulbright Scholarship in 1951 to study the languages of India and on his first trip to India that year converted to Islam "for purely theological reasons. It seemed like a more logical religion", according to Fine, although <mask> himself admitted at the time to an "[unimaginable] feeling of awe and religious ecstasy" upon hearing the recitations of the 99 Names of Allah at the Taj Mahal. Later academic studies and career
<mask> attended the University of California, Berkeley for graduate studies, writing a dissertation on Klamath language, collecting traditional myths, legends, tales, and oral histories and later publishing a grammar and dictionary on the language. He taught at the Institute of Islamic Studies at McGill University from around 1958/59 until 1972 and became active in the development of Urdu and Baluchi instruction materials for English-speaking students following a period of two years from 1960 when he was attached to Panjab University. Some of these are still recommended university course study materials as of 2010. From 1972 he moved to teach at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis, where he chaired the Department of South Asian studies until his retirement in the early 1990s, a few years after that department was disbanded due to reduced funding."The forgotten Tolkien"
While at Berkeley, <mask> had not set aside his world creation project. Indeed, despite stepping back somewhat from an active role in the published science fiction/fantasy fandom, he had commenced "proto-gaming" with a group of like-minded science fiction fans including fellow linguist Bill Shipley and Victor Golla, producing elaborate documents to support the exploration of that shared world. Having watched the Dungeons & Dragons games started by <mask>, one of the original testers for D&D, when he moved to Minneapolis from Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, <mask> resolved to create his own ruleset based on his own created world and the game mechanics from D&D. After six weeks, this was self-published in August 1974 as Empire of the Petal Throne and play commenced forthwith, including such occasional members as <mask> – who singled out <mask> and Tékumel as being his favorite Dungeon Master and roleplaying game, respectively – from early days. Once Gary Gygax's attention had been drawn to <mask>'s work, it was decided that TSR would publish a revised version of the game mechanics along with a condensed version of his campaign setting. TSR's Empire of the Petal Throne was published in 1975 for Gen Con VIII, making it TSR's third role-playing game to be published. In a Dragon Magazine editorial from December 1976, editor Tim Kask drew comparisons between the world of Tékumel and J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth not in terms of literature created, nor that his work was derivative of Tolkien's, but rather regarding the in-depth detail in the setting, mythos and linguistic backgrounds and concluded that "In terms of development of detail, I think EPT [Empire of the Petal Throne] has it over Middle Earth in the matters that most concern gamers" since it had been developed by a "wargamer", whereas Tolkien had no such background and having died prior to the release of D&D was thus unable to address this new pastime personally.<mask> disliked the limited support given to the setting, and after 1977 he took his world of Tékumel from TSR and ultimately moved it on to a succession of additional publishers: Imperium Publishing (1978), Adventure Games (1981), Gamescience (1983–1984), Tékumel Games (1983–1986), Different Worlds Publications (1987–1988), TOME (1991–1994), Tita's House of Games (1997–2002), Zottola Publishing (2002–2003), and Guardians of Order (2005). Due to <mask>'s personal friendship with <mask>, Adventures Games released several Tékumel-related books, including army lists, maps and other general reference material. <mask>'s RPG novel The Man of Gold (July 1984), set in Tékumel, was published by DAW. Despite having had a head start on other in-depth campaign settings and seeing his game released no less than four times with various supplements and magazine articles, many which he contributed to, and having authored five books using the same setting, <mask>'s Tékumel in both roleplaying and literary domains is still well known to only a relatively small audience, leading German magazine Der Spiegel in 2009 to publish an article on <mask>'s life entitled "" ("The forgotten Tolkien"). The article quotes friends and acquaintances who posit that this may be, at least in part, due to the unfamiliarity of the setting compared with Western society, echoing Fine's observations from 1983, and possibly even that Tékumel was released to the gaming world too early on, when players had only just started to experiment with their own invented worlds rather than fitting their play into preconfigured, non-literary domains with novel backgrounds. In 2008, <mask> founded the Tékumel Foundation along with many of his long-time players to preserve and manage rights relating to his creations in future. <mask> died in home hospice on March 16, 2012.He is survived by his wife, <mask>. Partial bibliography

Language texts
<mask> studied various languages academically and helped author and co-author various publications relating to some of those, including the following:

Published by the University of California Press:

 Klamath Texts (1963)
 Klamath Dictionary (1963)
 Klamath Grammar (1964)

Published by the McGill University Institute of Islamic Studies:

 A Course in Urdu (1967)
 An Urdu Newspaper Reader (1968)
 A Reader of Modern Urdu Poetry (1968)
 A Course in Baluchi (1969)

Roleplaying
Tékumel has spawned five professionally published roleplaying games over the course of the years. It was also reportedly a major influence on other creations such as Hârn and the Skyrealms of Jorune. Empire of the Petal Throne (1975) as a boxed set by TSR, Inc. following earlier self-publication in 1974, and reprinted later as a single book by Different Worlds in 1987. Swords & Glory (1983/4) in two volumes by Gamescience. Gardásiyal: Adventures on Tékumel (1994) by Theatre of the Mind Enterprises; with Neil R. Cauley. Tekumel: Empire of the Petal Throne (2005) by Guardians of Order; by various, with M.A.R.<mask>. Bethorm: The Plane of Tékumel (2014) by UNIGames; by Jeff Dee and <mask>.R. <mask>. Novels
<mask> has written five novels set in the world of Tékumel - in chronological reading order these are:

 The Man of Gold (1984)
 Flamesong (1985)
 Lords of Tsámra (2003)
 Prince of Skulls (2002)
 A Death of Kings (2003)

See also
Tsolyáni language

Notes and references

External links
Official Tékumel website
Brett Slocum's Tékumel Site
Tékumel Discussion Group - participants include Prof. <mask> and regular players in his "Thursday Night Group"

Bibliography on SciFan
Bibliography on SFBookcase.com

1929 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American fantasy writers
Linguists from the United States
American male novelists
American Muslims
Converts to Islam
Linguists of Klamath
Role-playing game designers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Constructed language creators

masks:
Muhammad Abd
Rahman Barker
Phillip Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Melville Jacobs
Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Mike Mornard
Barker
Dave Arneson
Barker
Barker
Barker
Dave Arneson
Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Ambereen
Barker
Barker
M A
Barker
Barker
Barker


title: René Edward De Russy

texts:
<mask> (February 22, 1789 – November 23, 1865) was an engineer, military educator, and career United States Army officer who was responsible for constructing many Eastern United States coastal fortifications, as well as some forts on the West Coast. He also served as superintendent of the United States Military Academy. He was promoted to brigadier general during the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born into a family of ethnic French planters in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) on February 22, 1789. Two years later, soon after the birth of his younger brother Lewis, the <mask> family fled the violence of the slave revolution and settled in Old Point Comfort, Virginia. At the age of 18, <mask>y enrolled in the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York on March 20, 1807; he graduated on June 10, 1812, at the bottom of his class. Career
After West Point, <mask>y worked as the assistant engineer for New York State's defenses and helped to build Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point on the Canada–US border.In the late 1810s, he became the Superintending Engineer of the defenses of New York Harbor. He was next assigned to the South, where he oversaw construction of forts along the Gulf of Mexico, serving from 1821 to 1825. In 1825, <mask> returned to New York City, where he continued to build the Harbor's defenses, specifically Fort Hamilton. The Brooklyn Eagle reported that <mask> was the "engineer under whose direction Fort Hamilton was built, the corner stone of which was laid on June 11, 1825, and which was first garrisoned by troops on November 1, 1831." During his assignment in New York City, <mask>y supervised the construction of the New Utrecht Reformed Church. He built his own residence on a hill in Brooklyn, which the Brooklyn Eagle referred to as "The Lookout" because of its position above New York harbor, on a ridge that became known as Dyker Heights at the end of the 19th century. On July 1, 1833, <mask> was assigned as Superintendent of the United States Military Academy, which he led for five years.He was next assigned to supervising fort construction in Virginia and Delaware. Because of this experience, <mask> served as a member of the Atlantic Coast Defense Board from 1849 until 1854, when he was sent to San Francisco. He continued to build military forts and was named to the Pacific Coast Defense Board. In 1857, he was reassigned to the Atlantic Coast, returning to San Francisco in 1861. He died in San Francisco in 1865. <mask>y was credited with inventing the barbette depressing gun carriage. In recognition of his service, on July 17, 1866, <mask> was posthumously nominated by President Andrew Johnson for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general in the Regular US Army, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate approved the appointment on July 26, 1866.Personal life
<mask> was married to Harriet Elizabeth Taylor (1805–1834). Together, they were the parents of the following:

 Gustavus Adolphus <mask> (1818–1891), who became a brigadier general, serving as quartermaster at Fort Monroe from 1848 until 1857. He married Frances Clitz (1836–1901), sister of John Mellen Brady Clitz (1821–1897), commander of the Asiatic Squadron. John Allen <mask> (1826–1850), also served in the military; died at Fort Monroe in Virginia in 1850. Clara Louise <mask> (1829–1900), married William Augustus Nichols (1818–1869)
 Emily Caroline <mask> (1831–1857), who married Henry Jackson Hunt (1819–1889), who became a brigadier general. After Frances' early death, <mask> married Helen Augusta Maxwell (1832–1908). Together, they were the parents of the following:

 <mask> <mask> (1840–1923), who became a brigadier general.He married Laura Requa (1859–1929). <mask> <mask> (1853–1923); she married Washington Berry (1851–1921) in 1876. Helen Maxwell <mask> (1856–1901), who married Charles Hobart Clark (1851–1915) in a double wedding with her younger sister Sara. <mask> <mask> (1857–1925), who married Eli DuBose Hoyle (1851–1921), who became a brigadier general. Their son <mask> <mask> Hoyle (1883–1981) also became a brigadier general. Sara Wetmore <mask> (1860–1926), who married Arthur Murray (1851–1925); a career officer, he became a major general. They had a double wedding with her older sister Helen.Their son Maxwell Murray (1885–1948) also had a military career, becoming a major general. He commanded the 25th Infantry Division in Honolulu during the Attack on Pearl Harbor. The senior <mask> "died while on active duty at San Francisco on November 23, 1865, aged 75 years, the oldest graduate of the Military Academy on active duty." He is buried at the United States Military Academy Post Cemetery. Legacy
There are five Forts DeRussy in the United States: Fort DeRussy Military Reservation in Honolulu, two in Louisiana, one in Kentucky, and one in Washington, D.C. The latter four were all built during the American Civil War. All of the forts were named for two brothers, <mask> and his younger brother Louis Gustave <mask>.Louis (also known as Lewis) graduated in 1814 from the United States Military Academy, two years after <mask> but on an accelerated schedule. An engineer and career officer, he was assigned to Red River outposts in Louisiana in 1826 and made much of his career in that state. At advanced ages, they served on opposite sides of the Civil War: <mask> on the Union side and Lewis as a colonel in the Confederate Army; he was the oldest West Point graduate to serve on the Confederate side. <mask> Drive on Dyker Heights was named for Rene E<mask>,, who built a house there while stationed in New York. See also
 Brooklyn Eagle
 Dyker Heights Historical Society

References

External links

1789 births
1865 deaths
United States Army generals
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
Burials at West Point Cemetery
Haitian emigrants to the United States
American people of French descent
People of Saint-Domingue
People from Dyker Heights, Brooklyn

masks:
René Edward De Russy
René Edward De Russy
De Russy
De Russ
De Russ
De Russy
De Russy
De Russ
De Russy
De Russy
De Russ
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
Isaac Denniston
De Russy
Laura De
Russy
De Russy
Fanny De
Russy
Rene Edward
De Russy
De Russy
De Russy
René Edward
De Russy
René
René
DeRussy
. DeRussy


title: Christopher Hornsrud

texts:
<mask> (15 November 1859 – 12 December 1960) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party. He served as leader of the Labour Party from 1903 to 1906 and became a member of the Storting in 1912. In 1928, he became the first Norwegian prime minister from the Labour Party and served as the 18th prime minister of Norway, but the cabinet had a weak parliamentary basis and was only in office for three weeks from January to February. He combined the post of prime minister with that of minister of Finance. After resigning he became vice-president of the Storting, a position he held until 1934. <mask> was born in Skotselv, Øvre Eiker, and died in Oslo. Early life
<mask> was born in 1859 to Gunhild Dorthea and <mask> at the Horsrud farm in Skotselv, Eastern Norway, which had belonged his father's family in generations.His mother was originally from Åmot farm in Modum and after the death of his father when he was about six months old, Horsrud lived with his mother's family in Åmot until he was five years old and moved back to his mother in Skotselv. He had one older brother, Johan, which as odelsgutt was destined to take over the farm in Skotselv He attended a local school where the schedule was two weeks with education and two weeks off. Otherwise, he helped with the farm. While his home only had religious literature, a local library in Hokksund provided him with a wider set of books and also the weekly magazine Skilling-Magazin. After confirmation, he stayed to work at the family farm while his elder brother studied at Jønsberg Agricultural School. In 1875, he got a position as assistant in a general store in Hønefoss, a town with about 1,100 inhabitants at that time. When the store owner died in 1878, Hornsrud together with another person bought the store.Political activities for the Liberal Party

Working in the shop brought him in contact with a wide array of local townspeople and farmers from neighboring areas and with the political discussion of the time. He became involved in the local Liberal association which was visited by known Liberal figures like Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Viggo Ullmann and Erik Vullum. He was one of the founders of Buskerud Amts Venstreforening (Buskerud County's Liberal Society) in 1880. In 1884, he moved to Vikersund where he was the manager and later owner of a store. There he continued his political involvement and was a member of Modum municipal council from 1883 to 1892. In 1891, he bought Åmot farm, the family farm of his mother's family. Among the issues he focused on was care for the elderly and he took initiative to remove the system where the elderly were placed among private persons for a fee and improved the local nursing home.Together with others, he organized local Worker Societies (arbeiderforeniger) and in 1884, these formed Buskerud Amts Arbeiderforening (Buskerud County's Worker Society). The program of the latter included universal suffrage, no tariff for basic goods, progressive taxation and better primary education. The Worker Societies were associated with the Liberal Party, but the national worker meetings that were held also included participation of socialists like Carl Jeppesen and Christian Holtermann Knudsen. <mask> attended the national worker meetings in 1891 and 1892. Labour Party and national politics
In the 1890s, <mask> started considering himself a socialist and he attended the Labour Party's congresses from 1893 to 1896. He combined this for a while with continued membership in the Liberal Party. In 1901, he was elected member of the Labour party's committee on agricultural land.To his own and many other's surprise, he was elected leader of the Labour Party in 1903. Horsrud represented a fraction of the party that was open to some co-operation with other parties, in particular the Liberal Party. His opponent, the incumbent Holtemann Knudsen, represented a more isolationist stance. At the party congress in 1906, the party swung back to the isolationist stance and the congress passed a resolution saying that the party should never engage in electoral alliances with other parties. <mask> was not a candidate for a new period as leader, and was replaced by Oscar Nissen. He had become partly disillusioned with political work due to internal strifes and accusations that he was a "minister socialist" with too much sympathy for the Liberal party and seeking too much power in this own hands. He did not attend any more party congresses for a long time.When Torgeir Vraa was elected to the Storting in 1905, Horsrud became interim editor of the Labour Party newspaper Fremtiden in Drammen. In 1909, he moved back to Modum where he once again became involved in local politics and served one year as mayor. He also candidated for the Labour Party in the Parliamentary election in 1909, but was not elected for a seat. In the Parliamentary election in 1912 he did however succeed and aged 54, he entered the Storting as a member in 1913. He held the seat until 1936. His main focus in the parliament was agriculture, particularly issues relating to the ownership of agricultural land and finances. During World War I he was a member of the Supplies Commission (provianteringskommisjonen); being the first representative from the Labour Party to serve as a member of a public commission.He co-operated well with the Liberal leader and Prime Minister Gunnar Knudsen. Prime Minister and later parliamentary career
The 1927 parliamentary election was a victory for the Labour Party which won 59 of the 150 seats and became the parliament's largest group. The Conservative Prime Minister Ivar Lykke resigned on 20January 1928. He recommended that the King ask the leader of the Centre Party, Johan Mellbye, to form a new cabinet. When Mellbye's attempt failed, the King called the Storting's president Carl Joachim Hambro and vice-president <mask> for consultation on 23January. During the meeting with the King, <mask> expressed his view that it would be constitutionally most correct to ask the Labour Party as the largest party to form a cabinet, though he did not know whether the Labour Party would be able to form a cabinet. On the advice of <mask>, the King contacted the leader of the Labour Party parliamentary group, Alfred Madsen.When Madsen subsequently asked the group whether the party should accept to form a cabinet, <mask> was among those who advocated strongest for a positive response. Others were more reluctant or negative. The central committee of the party decided that the party should take government responsibilities, but their first choice for Prime Minister Johan Nygaardsvold declined the offer to become Prime Minister. <mask> was then given the task. <mask>'s Cabinet was appointed by the King on 28January, making <mask> the first prime minister ever from the Labour Party. He took the position as Minister of Finance in addition to prime minister. The cabinet was a minority cabinet with a weak parliamentary position.Its governing declaration (regjerinserklæring) which started by saying that the ultimate goal of the Labour Party was to create a socialist system in Norway was met with strong criticism from the other parties. The Labour cabinet also caused concern in the financial industry which was already struggling. Bergens Privatbank was one of the banks which was striving to survive. Governor of the Central Bank of Norway Nicolai Rygg requested that the government should pay for a guarantee fund for the banks and when Hornsrud declined, Rygg petioned the leader of the Liberal Party Johan Ludwig Mowinckel and other non-socialist party leaders to cause the downfall of the Hornsrud cabinet. On 7February, Mowinckel presented a motion of no confidence in the Storting. The next day the motion was approved with 86 votes against 63. Except for the members of the Labour Party only the three members of the Communist Party and one from the Radical People's Party voted against the motion.The government resigned on 15February 1928. In 1928, <mask> was elected vice-president of the Storting, a position he held until 1934. <mask> became a parliament appointed member of the chair (direksjonen) for Norges Hypotekbank in 1926, a bank which was designated to provide cheap loans to the agricultural sector. From 1936 to 1939, he served as chairman of the bank. Later life and death
After World War II <mask> continued to be involved in political debate. He was a strong opponent of militarism and Norwegian membership in NATO. He was one of the founders of the radical newspaper Orientering and participated in the choice of name for it.Having died aged 101 years, <mask> is the longest living Norwegian Prime Minister ever. Publications
 Borgersamfundets bankerot''' (1918)
 Fram til jorden! (1918)
 Hvorfor – fordi. Utredning av forskjellige skattespørsmaal (1928)
 Veien ligger åpen. Renter eller det daglige brød (1933)
 <mask>. Artikler, foredrag og intervjuer i utvalg''. Selected collection of <mask>'s articles, speeches and interviews by H. Johansen (1957)

References

Bibliography

External links

|-

1859 births
1960 deaths
Prime Ministers of Norway
Norwegian centenarians
Men centenarians
Ministers of Finance of Norway
Leaders of the Labour Party (Norway)
Vice Presidents of the Storting
People from Modum
People from Øvre Eiker

masks:
Christopher Andersen Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Anders Christophersen
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Hornsrud
Christopher Hornsrud
Hornsrud