title: Christian Ziege

texts:
<mask> (; born 1 February 1972) is a retired German footballer and is currently head coach for FC Pinzgau. A defender, he started his playing career at FC Bayern Munich, where he won two Bundesliga titles and a UEFA Cup before moving to A.C. Milan, winning an Italian Scudetto. In 1999, he joined Middlesbrough of the English Premier League, where he was voted the club's Player of the Year in his only season. A year later, he joined Liverpool and was part of the squad which won a treble of the Football League Cup, the FA Cup and the UEFA Cup in 2000–01. In 2001, he moved to Tottenham Hotspur, before ending his career back in Germany with Borussia Mönchengladbach. With the German national team, Ziege won UEFA Euro 1996 and finished runner-up at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He also represented the country at UEFA Euro 2000, UEFA Euro 2004 and the 1998 FIFA World Cup.An attacking left wing-back, Ziege was considered a dead-ball specialist. Playing career

Club career
At club level, Ziege played for Bayern Munich (1990–97), Milan (1997–99) and Middlesbrough (1999–2000). In the summer of 2000, Liverpool F.C. made a £5.5m bid which exactly matched a get-out clause in Ziege's contract. Middlesbrough insisted they had received offers in excess of £8m for Ziege, but were forced contractually to allow Ziege to talk to Liverpool, who then signed him. He made his debut for Liverpool in a 3–2 home win over Manchester City on 9 September 2000, replacing Steven Gerrard in the second half. A combination of knee injuries and the improving form of Jamie Carragher, meant he was transferred to Tottenham Hotspur at the end of that season.He scored two goals during his spell at Liverpool; against Leeds in the league and Stoke in the League Cup. Ziege also contributed to their treble in the 2000–01 season. He came on as an extra time substitute in the 2001 Football League Cup Final and scored a penalty in the shootout as Liverpool defeated Birmingham City, but he was not part of the match days squads for either the 2001 FA Cup Final or 2001 UEFA Cup Final. On 14 March 2002, Liverpool were fined £20,000 by The Football Association for having made an illegal approach for Ziege when he had been at Middlesbrough. The player himself was fined £10,000. Whilst at Spurs he scored in the 2002 Football League Cup Final but he ended up on the losing side. However, by this time Ziege's injury problems were escalating, and by 2004 his contract was terminated by mutual consent so he could return to Germany.Ziege returned to Germany with Borussia Mönchengladbach in June 2004, but announced his retirement in October 2005, having not played since the previous December due to a persistent ankle injury. International career
<mask> was capped 72 times for Germany, scoring nine goals. Other than the Euro 96 win, he also played for his country at the 1998 and 2002 World Cups (during which he played the final game and sported a rather amusing mohawk), as well as Euro 2000 (he was a member of the Euro 2004 squad, but didn't play). Ziege was not initially named in Rudi Völler's UEFA Euro 2004 squad, but was then called up after an injury to <mask>. Managerial career

Borussia Mönchengladbach
Following retirement as a player, Ziege picked up his UEFA diploma for coaching. In 2006, he moved into coaching with his last professional club, Borussia Mönchengladbach, where he was named manager of the club's Under-17 team, succeeding Thomas Schumacher. In 2006–07 the club's U17 team had won ten out of seventeen matches with Ziege in charge when, in March 2007, he was handed the role of Director of Football at the club, as the replacement for the outgoing Peter Pander.At the time of his appointment, with ten matches to go until the end of the season, Borussia Mönchengladbach were at the bottom of the Bundesliga, with five points between them and safety. On 5 October 2008, Ziege dismissed Jos Luhukay and became interim manager. The interim job lasted until 18 October 2008 when Hans Meyer became the new permanent manager. On 15 December 2008 Ziege left Borussia Mönchengladbach. Arminia Bielefeld and German junior national teams
On 26 May 2010, Ziege signed a contract as manager of Arminia Bielefeld. However, his managerial career got off to a poor start with Arminia Bielefeld only picking up three points from a single win from eight games, the worst start to an Arminia Bielefeld season in twenty-three years. Ziege was released from his post as manager of Arminia Bielefeld on 6 November 2010 after a 2–0 defeat against FC Augsburg.From April 2011, Ziege worked for the DFB. He first coached the German U-19, before taking over the U-18 side in August of the same year. Ziege's contract was not renewed. His contract expires in the summer of 2014. SpVgg Unterhaching
Ziege became the head coach of SpVgg Unterhaching on 20 March 2014. Ziege's debut was a 1–1 draw against RB Leipzig. He resigned on 25 March 2015.His final match was a 2–1 loss to Stuttgarter Kickers on 21 March 2015. On 30 November 2015, Ziege signed with Segunda División B side Atlético Baleares as head coach. Ratchaburi Mitr Phol
On 27 December 2017, Ratchaburi Mitr Phol F.C. of Thai League 1 officially announced the appointment of Ziege as their new head coach. However, he left them after 2 games of the new season, in the week commencing 19 February "by mutual consent". FC Pinzgau
On 29 April 2019, Ziege was named head coach for Austrian Austrian Regionalliga side FC Pinzgau. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Ziege goal.Managerial record

Honours

Club
Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga: 1993–94, 1996–97
 UEFA Cup: 1995–96

A.C. Milan
 Serie A: 1998–99

Liverpool
 Football League Cup: 2000–01
 FA Cup: 2000–01
 UEFA Cup: 2000–01

International
 UEFA European Football Championship: 1996
 FIFA World Cup:  Runner-up - 2002

References

External links

 LFChistory.net player profile

1972 births
Living people
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
A.C. Milan players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
FC Bayern Munich II players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Bundesliga players
Association football wingers
Association football fullbacks
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Spain
German expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
German expatriate sportspeople in England
German expatriate sportspeople in Italy
German expatriate sportspeople in Spain
German footballers
Germany international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
Liverpool F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Premier League players
Serie A players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
UEFA Euro 1996 players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
2. Bundesliga managers
Arminia Bielefeld managers
Borussia Mönchengladbach managers
SpVgg Unterhaching managers
CD Atlético Baleares managers
3. Liga managers
UEFA Cup winning players
Footballers from Berlin
German football managers

masks:
Christian Ziege
Ziege
Christian Rahn


title: Alimuddin Zumla

type: original

texts:
Sir <mask>, , FRCP, FRCPath, FRSB (born 15 May 1955) is a British-Zambian professor of infectious diseases and international health at University College London Medical School. He specialises in infectious and tropical diseases, clinical immunology, and internal medicine, with a special interest in HIV/AIDS, respiratory infections (including COVID-19 and Tuberculosis), and diseases of poverty. He is known for his leadership of infectious/tropical diseases research and capacity development activities. He was awarded a Knighthood in the 2017 Queens Birthday Honours list for services to public health and protection from infectious disease. In 2012, he was awarded Zambia's highest civilian honour, the Order of the Grand Commander of Distinguished services - First Division. In 2020, for the third consecutive year, Zumla was recognised by Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science as one of the world's top 1% most cited researchers. In 2021 Sir <mask> was elected as Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences.Early life
<mask> "Ali" <mask> was born in Northern Rhodesia (now Chipata, Eastern Province, Zambia). His parents Ismail and Aman <mask> were of Gujarati Indian origin. He resided in the Kamwala district of Lusaka. He did his early education at the Lotus Primary School and Prince Philip Secondary School (now Kamwala Secondary School) in Lusaka, and his medical training at the University of Zambia's School of Medicine. As a teenager, he declined a Rhodes Scholarship in order to pursue medical training in Zambia. In 1980, <mask> moved to London to pursue an MSc in tropical medicine at the University of London. In 1982, he contracted life-threatening tuberculous meningitis, and was told that he would never walk again, but went on to recover and return to work a year and a half later despite disabling and painful neurological sequelae resulting from his meningitis.He went on to pursue doctoral studies on leprosy human monoclonal antibodies at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, where his 1987 dissertation (advised by Keith McAdam) merited him the Alan Woodruff Medal. Career
<mask> spent a year at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine gaining the MSc degree in Clinical Tropical Diseases with a distinction and the Murgratroyd Prize. He subsequently worked at The Royal Northern and Royal Free Hospitals under the mentorship of David Geraint James obtaining his Membership of The Royal College of Physicians of London. After doing a PhD between 1985 and 1987, Zumla worked as infectious diseases registrar and at the Rush Green Regional Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Romford under Ming Yong and Mervyn Medlock. Whilst working at Rush Green Hospital, he identified and notified the first cases of the 1988 Legionnaires' Diseases outbreak which he traced back to Broadcasting House, BBC, central London. Zumla subsequently spent four years in a senior registrar/honorary lecturer position at the Hammersmith Hospital, Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London under Sir Robert Lechler, and then two years at the University of Texas Center for Infectious Diseases working with Herbert DuPont. He then returned to his native Zambia to work on AIDS-related opportunistic infections at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka before moving to University College London in 1994.In 2003, there were media reports about a paper of Zumla's in The Lancet discussing a new test developed by a team he led for monitoring CD4 immune cell counts based on dried blood samples. Such counts are used in monitoring AIDS patients taking antiretroviral drug treatments; Zumla's subsequent work has led to development and evaluation of a range of rapid, cheap and more accessible diagnostic tests for TB and respiratory infections for use on patients in developing countries. Zumla was the guest editor of the Lancet TB Series which addressed key issues around TB treatment and diagnosis. The launch was held at the World Health Organisation (WHO) in Geneva on 18 May 2010.
, <mask> is the director of the Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health at University College London Medical School, as well as a consultant in infectious diseases at University College Hospital. His research interests include tuberculosis (particularly drug clinical trials, biomarkers, MDR-TB and TB in London), HIV/AIDS, tropical diseases, respiratory infections (and rapid diagnostics thereof), endocarditis, biomarkers, and transrenal DNA. Zumla's work focuses on improving global health, especially for disadvantaged populations, with an emphasis on assisting poorer and disadvantaged peoples of the world. He established and directs a multi-country collaboration with several African, Middle Eastern, European and United States institutions on collaborative research and training program on TB and HIV/AIDS.<mask> and his collaborators have set up research and training programs in Africa, focusing attention on development of local infrastructure and capacity development. Several of his doctoral students now occupy academic positions in institutions in Africa. <mask> has established north–south partnerships for TB research. His collaborations span five countries in Europe and 10 in sub-Saharan Africa, where he leads several multi-country research projects. His team's research findings have contributed to the development of WHO's management guidelines on treatment and prevention of TB and TB/HIV, and to improvements in the care of patients worldwide. In 2014, together with colleagues from Public Health England, World Health Organization, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, and the Middle East, Zumla co-led The Lancet series on Mass Gatherings Medicine which was launched at the World Health Assembly of Ministers of Health in Geneva. This was a Series of reports about different mass gatherings: the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games; the 2012 European Football Championship finals, hosted jointly by Poland and Ukraine; and the 2012 and 2013 Hajj.These reports set out the planning and surveillance systems used to monitor public health risks, and describe the public health experiences and lessons learnt for the planning of future events. Zumla played a lead role in defining the etiology, epidemiology, mode of transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Zumla is a member of the Court of Governors of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and is Vice Chair of the Strategic Advisory Group to the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership

On 7 April 2015 at an inaugural meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, <mask> and Markus Maeurer from Karolinska Institutet Sweden led and established a new initiative, the Host-Directed Therapies Network (HDT-NET) consortium of 64 global partners to tackle global infectious diseases threats of multi-drug resistant TB and antimicrobial resistance. In 2020, Zumla was cited as a leading expert on the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2021 Zumla was elected as Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences. Awards

|-
! scope="row" | 1999
| Weber Parkes Trust Medal and Prize
| Royal College of Physicians of London
|
| Awarded triennially from 1897 for work in the prevention and cure of tuberculosis.|
|-
! scope="row" | 2000
| Albert Chalmers Medal
| Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|
| Recognises researchers in tropical medicine or global health who demonstrate evidence of mentoring and professional development of junior investigators, and other forms of capacity building. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2003
| Windrush Award for Academic Achievement
| African Caribbean Achievement Project
|
| The awards recognise talent and achievement in the African Caribbean, Asian and Oriental communities. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2005
| Ibn Sina Award for Medicine
| The Muslim News Awards for Excellence
|
| Professional of the year for medicine. |
|-
!scope="row" | 2011
| Science Award
| UK India International Foundation
|
| for outstanding achievements in science by  a professional with origins in India. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| Spinoza Leerstoel award
| University of Amsterdam
|
| for “Outstanding research & capacity development achievements in the global fight against TB and TB/HIV/AIDS”
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| Kochon Prize and Medal
| World Health Organisation (WHO) Stop TB Partnership
|
| Announced at the opening ceremony of the World Conference of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (the Union) in Lille
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2012
| Annual Science Prize
| Karolinska Institutet
|
| For outstanding outputs in global health and infectious diseases
|
|-
! scope="row" | 2012
| Grand Commander of the Order of Distinguished Services First Division
| Republic of Zambia
|
| The highest Zambian civilian award. Bestowed on Zumla on the 48th anniversary of Zambia's Independence (October 2012) by then Zambian president Michael Sata for his outstanding contributions to infectious diseases research in sub-Saharan Africa, development of Zambia's health sector, and training of numerous health personnel.|
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| Honorary doctorate
| Karolinska Institutet
|
| To individuals for their important scientific achievements or significant contributions to the university or humanity at large. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership prize
| European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
|
| Won by a research consortium led by Zumla. Presented by Zambian President Edgar Lungu. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2017
| Senior investigator award
| National Institute for Health Research
|
| NIHR Senior Investigators are 'among the most prominent and prestigious researchers' and the most outstanding leaders within the NIHR Faculty.Senior Investigators are appointed from NIHR Investigators through annual competitions informed by the advice of an international panel of experts. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2018
| Annual global list of influential researchers
| Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science
|
| World's top 1% most cited researchers. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2019
| Annual global list of influential researchers
| Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science
|
| World's top 1% most cited researchers. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| Annual global list of influential researchers
| Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science
|
| World's top 1% most cited researchers.|
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| Mahathir Science Award in Tropical Medicine
| Mahathir Science Award Foundation, Academy of Sciences Malaysia
|
| A Malaysian science prize awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions to tropical sciences. |
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| Dr Pascoal Mocumbi prize
| EU-EDCTP
|
| Awarded to senior scientists, policy-makers or advocates for health and research
|

Quotes

Selected works
<mask> has authored more than 700 publications and edited/published 21 medical textbooks, three of which are globally acknowledged classics: Manson's Tropical Diseases 21st and 22nd editions, Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference which involves 156 global TB experts writing 104 chapters on all aspects of paediatric and adult TB, and Granulomatous Disorders co-edited with D. G. James. Books

 H. Simon Schaaf and <mask> Zumla, Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Clinical Reference

Edited works

Journal papers

Bibliographic databases

 Search Results for author Zumla on PubMed. References

British pathologists
Zambian Muslims
Zambian infectious disease physicians
Zambian people of Gujarati descent
Zambian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Living people
Gujarati people
1955 births
Fellows of the Royal Society of Biology
Knights Bachelor
British people of Gujarati descent
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
British Muslims
20th-century British medical doctors
21st-century British medical doctors
NIHR Senior Investigators

masks:
Alimuddin Zumla
Zumla
Alimuddin
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Zumla
Alimuddin


title: Sandeep Patil

texts:
<mask> ( ; born 18 August 1956) is a former Indian cricketer, Indian national age group cricket manager and former Kenya national team coach, who guided the minnows to the semi-finals of the 2003 World Cup. He was a hard-hitting middle order batsman and an occasional medium pace bowler. He was the coach of Mumbai Champs in the Indian Cricket League, but returned to the mainstream when he cut ties with the unofficial league in 2009. He has been appointed as the director of National Cricket Academy (NCA) by the BCCI, replacing Dav Whatmore. He was appointed as the new chief of the BCCI Selection Committee on 27 September 2012. Early life
<mask> was born on 18 August 1956 in Mumbai. His father, <mask>, was a former first class cricketer, national level badminton player and skilled player of tennis and football.He grew up in the Shivaji Park area in Bombay, studied in Balmohan Vidyamandir and Ramnarain Ruia College and was coached by Ankush 'Anna' Vaidya. Cricket career
In the early part of his career <mask> was as much a medium pacer who bowled off the wrong foot, as he was a batsman. Following three successful years for the Bombay university in the Rohinton Baria Trophy, he made the Bombay Ranji team in 1975–76. After being on and off the team for three seasons, he played his first major innings against Delhi in the 1979 semifinal. Going in at No.6 after Bombay lost the first four wickets for 72, <mask> hit 145 in 276 minutes with 18 fours and a six, none of his partners made more than 25. <mask> played for Edmonton in the Middlesex league in 1979 and 1980, and for Somerset 'B' in the latter year. Australia and Pakistan visited India in 1979–80.<mask> appeared in tour matches for West Zone against both teams, scoring 44 and 23 against Australia, and 68 and 71 against Pakistan. This earned him the selection in the last two Test matches against Pakistan. A week before making the debut, he made his career best first class score against Saurashtra at the Wankhede Stadium. Coming in to bat in the second morning he was 45* at lunch, reached his hundred in 139 balls scoring 105 in the second session, and ended up with 210 made in 205 balls with seven sixes and nineteen fours. The last of the sixes cleared the stadium (a very rare feat at the Wankhede) and landed in the hockey grounds outside. <mask> made 62 in the final Test at Calcutta, appeared in the Golden Jubilee Test against England later in the season and was selected for the tour of Australia in 1980–81. In the early matches of the Australian tour, he scored 116 against South Australia, which included Rodney Hogg, and 60 and 97 against Queensland which had Jeff Thomson, Geoff Dymock and Carl Rackemann.He won the man of the match on his ODI debut for a 64 against Australia. In the first innings of the first Test at Sydney <mask> had reached 65 when just before the tea break on the first day, he was hit on the throat by Hogg. Continuing without a helmet, he was hit over the right ear by a bouncer by Len Pascoe in the first over after tea. <mask> collapsed in the crease and had to retire hurt. Though still unwell, he batted in the second innings at the insistence of captain Sunil Gavaskar as India struggled to avoid an innings defeat. Two weeks later, with a helmet on, <mask> hit a spectacular 174 in the Adelaide Test. It came after India lost the first four wickets for 130 against the Australian total of 528.At the time the highest innings by an Indian in Australia, it took him just over five hours and included twenty two fours and a six over mid-wicket off Bruce Yardley. In the next series against New Zealand, <mask> opened the bowling for India along with Kapil Dev in the Auckland Test. <mask> found himself out of the team after four Tests in the home series against England in 1981–82 but was picked for the away series that followed immediately after. Here in the Manchester Test he scored his second hundred. India was in some danger of following on when he added 96 runs with Kapil Dev a little over an hour. England took the second new ball soon after and <mask> hit the last two balls of an over from Ian Botham for four and three. In the next over he hit Bob Willis for six fours (4440444, the third ball being a no ball) – "two cover drives, one flat batted back over the bowler's head, two square cuts of ferocious power and a mighty hook" - taking his score from 73 to 104 in nine balls.He was 129 not out when rain brought an early end to the match. Another hundred followed against Sri Lanka in September but he was again out the team by the middle of the season. While the Indian team toured West Indies, he scored 121* in 84 balls in the second innings of the Ranji final against Karnataka. All his runs came in single session on the final day as Bombay was targeting a declaration. <mask> scored 216 runs in eight matches in the Prudential World Cup including 51* in the semifinal against England. He scored 609 runs in the 1983–84 Ranji season, and his fourth and last Test hundred against Pakistan at Faisalabad. On the last day of the Delhi Test against England in December 1984, with his score on 41, <mask> was caught at long on attempting a big hit off the bowling of Phil Edmonds.This triggered a collapse and India lost the match that could well have been saved. <mask> was dropped in the next test at Kolkata as a disciplinary measure, along with Kapil Dev who also fell to a similar shot off the bowling of Pat Pocock. Mohammad Azharuddin who took his place scored hundreds in his first three Test matches and <mask> played no more Test cricket, although Kapil Dev would return to squad. In 1986, he was recalled for a few more one day matches. He also toured England without appearing in Tests. <mask> announced his retirement from first class cricket after appearing for Bombay against the Australians in September 1986. But he came back to captain the Madhya Pradesh cricket team from 1988 to 1993 with considerable success.One of the more notable innings was a 185 against Bombay in 1990. He went on to coach the Indian national team and the 'A' team. As the coach of Kenya, he guided them to an unlikely semifinal place in the 2003 World Cup. He served as chairman of selectors of the Board of Control for Cricket in India from 27 September 2012 to September 2016. Bollywood debut
Soon after the 1983 Cricket World Cup victory, <mask> was offered by Vijay Singh to play the lead opposite two Bollywood actresses Poonam Dhillon and Debashree Roy in Kabhie Ajnabi The while Syed Kirmani was offered to essay the role of the antagonist. Reportedly <mask> got so occupied with his Bollywood debut that he refused to participate in the West Indies tour in 1983. Though the cricketer later reasoned that he had opted out of that tour because he was nursing an injury at that time.The filming began in 1983 and the film was released in 1985. The film was highly publicised on the fighting sequence between <mask> and Kirmani as well as his chemistry with Debashree Roy especially in the song sequence Geet Mere Hothon Ko Dey Gaya Koi. It opened with 80% seat occupancy but ultimately became a major debacle at box office. ESPN wrote on his performance, "he even aces the love-struck Hindi film hero's signature move of producing notes from a guitar without moving either hand". Sportstar commented on his performance that he acted "dashed awkward" in the film. The Tribune wrote, "In contrast to their heroics in the 1983 World Cup, <mask> and Kirmani were clean bowled on the big screen". Editing career
<mask> edited Marathi sports magazine Ekach Shatkar which was, once a top selling sports magazine in Maharashtra.It outsold Sportstar and was often considered as the last nail in the coffin of Sportsweek. The largest selling newspaper Mahanagar was also started in his garage. Personal life
In 1983, <mask> was married when he met Debashree Roy on the set of Kabhie Ajnabi The (1985) and reportedly had an affair with her. Indian media interpreted their affair as the sole reason for the failure of his first marriage. Reportedly, soon after the release of the film they discontinued their relationship and never publicly discussed anything on their separation. He later married Deepa. He has two sons, Chirag <mask> and Prateek <mask>.He wrote his autobiography Sandy Storm in 1984. In popular culture
Chirag <mask>, Patil's elder son portrayed him in Kabir Khan's 83 (2021) which also stars Ranveer Singh as Kapil Dev. References

Sources
Sujit Mukherjee, Matched winners, Orient Longman (1996)
<mask> <mask>, Sandy Storm, Rupa & Co (1984)
Benson & Hedges Cricket Year, 1981–82

External links

1956 births
Living people
Cricketers from Mumbai
India One Day International cricketers
India Test cricketers
Indian cricketers
West Zone cricketers
Madhya Pradesh cricketers
Central Zone cricketers
Mumbai cricketers
Coaches of the Indian national cricket team
Cricket managers
Indian cricket administrators
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Indian Cricket League coaches
Indian cricket coaches
India national cricket team selectors
Coaches of the Oman national cricket team
Coaches of the Kenya national cricket team
Cricketers who have acted in films

masks:
Sandeep Madhusudan Patil
Sandeep Patil
Madhusudan Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Patil
Sandeep
Patil


title: E. R. Punshon

texts:
<mask> (born East Dulwich, London 25 June 1872 – died Streatham, London 23 October 1956) was an English novelist and literary critic of the early to mid 20th century. He also wrote under the pseudonyms <mask> and <mask>. Primarily writing on crime and deduction, he enjoyed some literary success in the 1930s and 1940s. Today, he is remembered, in the main, as the creator of Police Constable Bobby Owen, the protagonist of many of <mask>'s novels, who was eventually promoted to sergeant, inspector, superintendent and, finally, commander. A popular Scotland Yard detective, Owen appeared in 35 novels from 1933 to 1956. <mask> reviewed many of Agatha Christie's novels for The Guardian on their first publication. <mask> was also a prolific writer of short stories, and a selection of his crime and horror fiction has recently been collected together.Novels

Stand-alone
Earth's Great Lord (1901)
Constance West (1905)
’’Ensnared: The Mystery of the Iron Room (1905). Serialised, Scraps
’’Mr Nugent’’ (1906)
Rhoda in Between (1906)
The Mystery of Lady Isobel (1906)
The Choice (1908)
’’The Spin of the Coin, or Love Conquers Crime’’ (1909). Serialised: Staffordshire Sentinel (1931) (This would appear to be a serialisation of "Proof, Counter Proof")
The Cottage Murder (1932)
Genius in Murder (1932)
Truth Came Out (1932)

Short stories
God's Will. Pearson's Magazine, August 1899
Priscilla and the Duke. Cassell's Magazine, October 1903
 Veronica’s Captuve. The Idler, November 1903
The Brantingham Ghost. Cassell's Magazine, December 1903
Sir Harry's Wager.Royal Magazine, May 1904
The Little Red Devil. The Smart Set, August 1904. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. Punshon
Two Gentlemen in Armour. Cassell's Magazine, November 1904
A Bit of Gossip. The Bystander, 1 August 1906
’’Annabel Fights’’. Grand Magazine, March 1907
’’An Old Time Love Story’’. Midland Counties Tribune, 16 March 1907
’’Professor Kenyon’s Engagement’’.Cassell’s, May 1907
’’A Seaside Singer’’. Weekly Irish Times, 25 May 1907
’’The Alphabet Toast’’. The Idler, October 1907
A Fairy Visit. The Sphere, 27 December 1913
Blind Trails. Flynn's, July–August 1925
Too Late for His Hat and Coat. Best Detective Magazine, November 1934
The Living Stone. Cornhill Magazine, September 1939.Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
Good Beginning. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, October 1952 (Owen). Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. Punshon
Dead Man's Hand. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, April 1953. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. Punshon
Find the Lady. MacKill's Mystery Magazine, May 1953. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Tide Runs Strongly.MacKill's Mystery Magazine, August 1954 (Owen). Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
Three Sovereigns for a Corpse. The Saint Detective Magazine, April 1955 (Owen). Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
A Study in the Obvious (Owen). Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
Making Sure (Owen). Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. Punshon
The Haunted Chessmen. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
Black Magic.Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Long Lane. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Last Ascent. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
From Beyond the Barrier. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Unknown Quantity. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Elixir of Life. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Miracle Worker. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
My Day of Vengeance.Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>
The Camp Fire. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. Punshon
Lady Betty and the Burglars. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R. PunshonThe Avenging Phonograph. Collected in Bobby Owen, Black Magic, Bloodshed & Burglary: Selected Short Stories of E. R<mask>''

References

External links

1872 births
1956 deaths
British writers
Crime fiction
Members of the Detection Club

masks:
Ernest Robertson Punshon
Robertson Halkett
Robertson Halket
Punshon
Punshon
Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon
. Punshon


title: Phineas Baxandall

texts:
<mask> is a Senior Analyst at the Massachusetts Budget and Policy Center where he focuses on transportation and tax policy in Massachusetts state and local government. Early life

<mask> was born in New York City. He grew up in New York City, where he attended the Bronx High School of Science and co-captained the school's region-leading ultimate frisbee team. <mask> received his B.A. in Economics and the College of Social Studies at Wesleyan University in 1989. He received his Ph.D. in Political Science at MIT in 2000. After receiving his doctorate at MIT, he published his dissertation research as a book titled, Constructing Unemployment: The Politics of Joblessness in East and West.The research develops a theory of how unemployment has been defined differently at different times according to the interests of the state and the prevailing norms of employment. The theory is tested through comparative European polling data on unemployment and a comparative history of changing conceptions of unemployment at several historical junctures, including in communist and post-communist Hungary. Baxandall also published several academic articles and book chapters in various issues in political economy. Career

He taught economics at the University of Economics at the University of Budapest from 1990 to 1991. For the next decade in Boston, he also served as a central member of the editorial collective that managed and provided content for the magazine Dollars & Sense. Between 2006 and 2015, he directed the Tax & Budget program and the Transportation programs for the United States Public Interest Research Group (U.S. PIRG) and its thirty state affiliates. Earlier, at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government, Baxandall helped direct the Taubman Center for State and Local Government and the Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston, where he conducted research on state aid to localities, the effects of introducing legalized gambling, performance metrics for local government and other topics.He taught for eight years at Harvard's undergraduate honors program, the Committee for Degrees in Social Studies, where he won several teaching awards. At U.S. PIRG, he led research and provided strategic direction to state and federal advocacy in four principal areas. First, in authoring a series of reports on transportation trends, as well as related studies on transportation finance and the benefits of expanding public transportation and intercity rail. Second, an examination of the problems associated with corporations and individuals using offshore tax havens and exploiting other tax loopholes, as well as state and federal efforts to fix these problems. Third, work to improve transparency of government spending at the state and city level, including contracting, subsidies, and quasi-public agencies. Fourth, examination of the privatization of infrastructure and public-private partnerships, especially in transportation. Personal life
Baxandall currently lives outside of Boston.Publications
Constructing Unemployment: The Politics of American Joblessness in the East and West (Ashgate Press, 2004). Review articles about the book include: Rudra Sil and Peter J. Katzenstein, “Analytic Eclecticism in the Study of World Politics: Reconfiguring Problems and Mechanisms across Research Traditions,” Perspectives on Politics (June 2010); Pieter Vanhuysse, “Kneeling at the Altar of (Il)-Liberalism: The Politics of Ideas, Job Loss, and Union Weakness in East Central Europe,” International Labor and Working-Class History (Spring 2008); Guglielmo Meardi, “Book Reviews,” Industrial Relations Journal (2007); Nathalia Rogers, Book Review: Constructing Unemployment,” International Sociology (Nov. 2006); and Jack Reardon, "Defining unemployment..." Monthly Labor Studies, U.S. Bureau of Labor Studies (Nov. 2011). Other publications

Picking Up the Tab 2014: Average Citizens and Small Businesses Pay the Price for Offshore Tax Shelters with Benjamin Davis, Dan Smith and Tom Van Heeke (U.S. PIRG, April 2014). Following the Money 2014: How the 50 States Rate in Providing Online Access to Government Spending Data with Benjamin Davis (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, April 2014), 57pp. A New Course: How Innovative University Programs Are Reducing Driving on Campus on Creating New Models of Transportation Policy with Tom Van Heeke and Elise Sullivan (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, February 2014). Closing the Billion Dollar Loophole: How States are Reclaiming Revenue Lost to Offshore Tax Havens, with Benjamin Davis, Dan Smith and Tom Van Heeke (U.S. PIRG, January 2014), 29pp. Transportation in Transition: Look at Changing Travel Patterns in America’s Biggest Cities with Benjamin Davis (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, December 2013), 62pp.A New Way to Go: The Transportation Apps and Vehicle-Sharing Tools that are Giving More Americans the Freedom to Drive Less with Tony Dutzik and Travis Madsen (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, October 2013). Moving Off the Road: A State-by-State Analysis of the National Decline in Driving (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, August. 2013). A New Direction: Our Changing Relationship with Driving and the Implications for America’s Future, with Tony Dutzik (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, May 2013). Picking Up the Tab 2013: Average Citizens and Small Businesses Pay the Price for Offshore Tax Shelters with Dan Smith (U.S. PIRG, April 2013). Following the Money 2013: How the 50 States Rate in Providing Online Access to Government Spending Data with Benjamin Davis and Ryan Pierannunzi (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, March 2013), 80pp. Getting our Money’s Worth?Promoting Transparency and Accountability for Corporate Tax Subsidies in Massachusetts, with Deidre Cummings and Tom Van Heeke (MASSPIRG Education Fund, February 2013). Subsidizing Bad Behavior: How Corporate Legal Settlements for Harming the Public Become Lucrative Tax Write Off, with Recommendations for Reform, with Ryan Pierannunzi (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, January 2013). Transparency in City Spending: Rating the Availability of Online Government Data in America's Largest Cities, with Benjamin Davis and Ryan Pierannunzi (U.S. PIRG Education Fund, January 2013). Eight Questions About the Future of the Ohio Turnpike: What the Public Should Know, with Tabitha Woodruff (Ohio PIRG Education Fund, Nov. 2012). Shining a Light on the Arizona Commerce Authority: The Need for Stronger Transparency and Accountability Standards at the State’s Economic Development Corporation, with Benjamin Davis and Serena Unrein (Arizona PIRG Education Fund, May 2012). Picking Up the Tab: Average Americans and Small Business Pay the Price for Offshore Tax Havens with Abigail Caplovitz Field and Dan Smith (U.S. PIRG: April 2012). Transportation and the New Generation: Why Young People Are Driving Less and What it Means for Transportation Policy, with Ben Davis and Tony Dutzik (Frontier Group and U.S. PIRG: April 2012), 36 pp.Following the Money 2012: How the 50 States Rate in Providing Online Access to Government Spending Data, with Ben Davis and Ryan Pierannunzi (U.S. PIRG: March 2012) 73pp. Tax-Increment Financing: The Need for Transparency and Accountability in Economic Development Subsidies, with Rob Kerth (U.S. PIRG: October 2011) 44 pp., reprinted in State Tax Notes, Nov. 2011. Caution: Red Light Cameras Ahead: The Risks of Privatizing Traffic Law Enforcement and How to Protect the Public, with Benjamin Davis (U.S. PIRG Education Fund: October 2011), 52 pp. High-Speed Rail: Public, Private or Both? Assessing the Prospects, Promise and Pitfalls of Public-Private Partnerships, with Tony Dutzik (U.S.PIRG: July 2011), 40 pp. Following the Money 2011: How the 50 States Rate in Providing Online Access to Government Spending Data, with Benjamin Davis and Jeff Musto (U.S.PIRG Education Fund, March 2011), 60 pp. Do Roads Pay for Themselves?Setting the Record Straight on Transportation Funding, with Tony Dutzik and Benjamin Davis (U.S.PIRG: January 2011), 40 pp. A Track Record of Success: High-Speed Rail Around the World and Its Promise for America, with Tony Dutzik, Jordan Schneider and Erin Steva, (U.S PIRG: October 2010), 48 pp. Out of the Shadows: Massachusetts Quasi-Public Agencies and the Need for Budget Transparency with Deidre Cummings and Kari Wohlschlegel  (MASSPIRG: Spring 2010), 36 pp. Road Work Ahead: Holding America Accountable for Fixing America’s Crumbling Roads and Bridges with Travis Madsen and Benjamin Davis (U.S.PIRG: April 2010) 52 pp. Following the Money: How the 50 States Rate in Providing Online Access to Government Spending Data, with Benjamin Davis and Kari Wohlschlegel (U.S.PIRG: April 2010), 44 pp. What We Learned from the Stimulus, with Scott Bernstein and William Schroeer (Center for Neighborhood Technology, Smart Growth America, and U.S. PIRG: January 2010), 11 pp. The Right Track: Building a 21st Century High-Speed Rail System for America, with Tony Dutzik and Sienna Kaplan (U.S. PIRG: January 2010) 71 pp.Privatization and the Public Interest: The Need for Transparency and Accountability in Chicago’s Public Asset Lease Deals, with Tony Dutzik and Brian Imus (Illinois PIRG: Fall 2009), 44 pp. Private Roads, Public Costs:  The Facts About Toll Road Privatization and How to Protect the Public, with Kari Wohlschlegel and Tony Dutzik (U.S. PIRG: March 2009), pp. 46, with a separate case example booklet, pp. 36. California Budget Transparency 2.0: Online Tools for Better Government, with Pedro Morillas, Emily Rusch and Sienna Kaplan (CALPIRG: 2009), 30 pp. Economic Stimulus or Simply More Misguided Spending: How Outdated Transportation Wish Lists Sent by States to Congress Ignore Current Trends and Neglect National Priorities (U.S. PIRG: December 2008), 9 pp. Squandering the Stimulus: An Analysis of Household Gas Spending, Economic Stimulus Checks, and the Need for Better Transportation Options, with M. Michael Farhoodi (U.S. PIRG: June 2008), 9 pp.A Better Way to Go: Meeting America’s 21st Century Transportation with Modern Public Transit, with Tony Dutzik (U.S. PIRG: June 2008), 76 pp. Road Privatization: Explaining the Trend, Assessing the Facts and Protecting the Public, (U.S. PIRG: September 2007), 23 pp. Finding Solutions to Fund Transit: Combining Accountability and New Resources for World-Class Public Transportation, (U.S.PIRG: August 2007), 19 pp. Sunshine for California: Shining Light on Corporate Tax Secrecy for Healthier State Budgets, Investments and Markets, with Emily Rusch (CALPIRG: August 2006), 19 pp. Caution on New Jersey Turnpike and Parkway Deal: Six Public-Interest Principles for Considering Toll Road Monetization, with Abigail Caplowitz (New Jersey PIRG: 2006), 6 pp. “Local Services, Local Aid, and Common Challenges,” Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston Policy Brief (PB-2005-7), John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (November 2005). Technical advisor for Local Communities at Risk: Revisiting the Fiscal Partnership Between the Commonwealth Cities and Towns, Metropolitan Mayors Coalition, Municipal Finance Task Force (September 2005).“The Casino Gamble in Massachusetts,” with Bruce Sacerdote, Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, research report with related Policy Brief (PB-2005-1), “Betting on the Future: The Economic Impact of Legalized Gambling” (January 2005). “Three Worlds of Working Time: The Partisan and Welfare Politics of Work-Hours in OECD Countries” co-authored with Brian Burgoon (Politics & Societies, Dec. 2004). “Taxing Habits” (Cover article on alcohol and cigarette taxation) Regional Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Research Department, Q1 (2003): 19–26. “Can CitiStat Work in Greater Boston?” Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston Working Paper, no. 7, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (October 2003). “Post-Communist Unemployment Politics: Historical Legacies and the Curious Acceptance of Job Loss” in Capitalism and Democracy in Eastern and Central Europe: Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule, Grzegorz Ekiert and Stephen Hanson, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2003).“Hungary: Retrenchment amid Radical Restructuring,” in Diminishing Welfare: A Cross-National Study of Social Provision, Gertrude Schaffner Goldberg and Marguerite G. Rosenthal eds. (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002): 271–294. “Explaining Differences in the Political Meaning of Unemployment,” Journal of Socio-Economics, 31,4 (2002): 469–502. “Good Capital, Bad Capital: Dangers and Development in Digital Diasporas,” Virtual Diasporas and Global Problem Solving Project, Nautilus Institute, San Francisco, CA, 2002
“The New Economy Track Record” Dollars & Sense, 241 (May 2002). “Three Worlds of Working Time: Policy and Politics in the Work Time of Industrialized Countries” Program on Central and Eastern Europe Working Paper Series, No. 89A, Harvard University Minda De Gunzburg Center for European Studies, 2002. “Does the New Economy Tilt to the Right?” Dollars & Sense, 240 (March 2002).Translated into Hungarian as “Jobbra tart-e az Új Gazdaság,” appearing in the journal Esmélet (2002). “Spending #1, Performance #37: How the U.S. Ranks Internationally Using World Health Organization Data” Dollars & Sense, 235 (May/June 2001). “The European Union,” Dollars & Sense, 233 (Jan/Feb. 2001). Reprinted in Real World Globalization (Dollars & Sense, Somerville, MA: 2001). “Jobs versus Wages: How Strong a Trade-Off?” Dollars & Sense, 206 (Jul.-Aug. 1996).Reprinted in Real World Macro (Dollars & Sense, Somerville, MA: 2000) 12th edition. Also reprinted in Solutions to Social Problems: Lessons from Other Societies, Stanley D. Eitzen and Craig S. Leedham, eds. (Allyn & Bacon, 2001) 2nd edition. “When is Unemployment Politically Important Explaining Differences in Political Salience across European Countries,” West European Politics, 24, 1 (January, 2001): 75–98. “The Communist Taboo Against Unemployment: Ideology, Soft-Budget Constraints, or The Politics of De-Stalinization?” East European Politics and Societies, 14, 3 (Fall 2000): 597–635. “World Bank Chief Economist Blames Economics for Bad Advice” with Abby Scher. Dollars & Sense, 224 (July/Aug 1999): 8–9.“National Inequality and Hours at Work: Recent Research on a Possible Connection” Dollars & Sense (January, 1999). “The Communist Taboo against Unemployment: Ideology, Soft-Budget Constraints, or the Politics of De-Stalinization?” Program on Central and Eastern Europe Working Paper Series, No. 48, Harvard University Minda De Gunzburg Center for European Studies, 1999. “Pensions and Housing in Hungarian Welfare State Development”, Program on Central and Eastern Europe Working Paper Series, No. 34, Minda De Gunzburg Center for European Studies, Harvard University, 1994. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American political scientists
Harvard University faculty
Eötvös Loránd University faculty

masks:
Phineas Baxandall
Phineas Baxandall
Baxandall


title: Christoph Meckel

texts:
<mask> (12 June 1935 – 29 January 2020) was a German author and graphic artist. He received awards for his works which connect illustrations with the written text, sometimes texts by others. Life
Born in Berlin, Meckel spent his youth there, in Erfurt and in Freiburg im Breisgau, where he attended Gymnasium. In 1954/55 he studied graphic art at the Academy of Art in Freiburg im Breisgau, and in 1956 at the Academy of Art in München. Since 1956 he worked as both an author and graphic artist. His first poem appeared that year. He traveled extensively through Europe, Africa, and America and lived in Oetingen in Markgräflerland, in Berlin, in southern France, and in Tuscany.His graphic work has appeared in numerous exhibitions. Until his withdrawal in 1997, <mask> was a member of the PEN Center of the Federal Republic of Germany. He was a member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz and the Deutschen Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt. In her book "For Your Own Good: Hidden Cruelty in Childrearing and the Roots of Violence" Alice Miller provides quotes of Meckel on his childhood: Punishment followed on a grand scale. For ten days, an unconscionable length of time, my father blessed the palms of his child's outstretched four-year-old hands with a sharp twitch. Seven strokes a day on each hand: that makes one hundred and forty strokes and then some. This put an end to the child's innocence.Whatever it was that happened in Paradise involving Adam, Eve, Lilith, the serpent, and the apple, the well-deserved Biblical  thunderbolt of prehistoric times, the roar of the Almighty and His pointed finger signifying expulsion – I know nothing about all that. It was my father who drove me out of paradise. Meckel died in Freiburg on 29 January 2020, aged 84. Awards
Meckel received numerous literary prizes, including:
 1959 Immermann Prize
 1966 Preis Junge Generation of the Berliner Kunstpreis
 1974 Reinhold-Schneider-Preis
 1978 Rainer-Maria-Rilke-Preis für Lyrik
 1981 Literaturpreis der Stadt Bremen, Ernst-Meister-Preis für Lyrik
 1982
 1993 Kasseler Literaturpreis
 2003 Joseph-Breitbach-Preis
 2005 Schiller Ring of the Deutsche Schillerstiftung, Weimar
 2006 International Literary Award Novi Sad (Serbia)
 2016 Hölty Prize, Hanover
 2018 Johann-Peter-Hebel-Preis
 2020 Antiquaria Prize

Works

 Tarnkappe, München 1956
 Hotel für Schlafwandler, Stierstadt im Taunus 1958
 Moël, Hamburg [u.a.] 1959
 Nebelhörner, Stuttgart 1959
 Der Krieg, Hamburg [u.a.] 1960
 Manifest der Toten, Stierstadt im Taunus 1960
 Die Stadt, Hamburg [u.a.] 1960
 Welttheater, Hamburg [u.a.]1960
 Im Land der Umbramauten, Stuttgart 1961
 Der Turm, Hamburg [u.a.] 1961
 Wildnisse, Frankfurt a. M. 1962
 Dunkler Sommer und Musikantenknochen, Berlin 1964
 Gedichtbilderbuch, Stierstadt im Taunus 1964
 Gwili und Punk, Groningen 1965
 Lyrik, Prosa, Graphik aus zehn Jahren, München  1965
 Das Meer, München 1965
 Tullipan, Berlin 1965
 Die Savannen, Bonn 1966
 Die Noticen des Feuerwerkers <mask>galan, Berlin 1966
 Bei Lebzeiten zu singen, Berlin 1967
 Die Dummheit liefert uns ans Messer, Berlin 1967 (zusammen mit Volker von Törne)
 Der glückliche Magier, Baden-Baden 1967
 Der Wind, der dich weckt, der Wind im Garten, Neuwied [u.a.] 1967
 In der Tinte, Berlin 1968
 Amüsierpapiere oder Bilder aus Phantasus' Bauchladen, München 1969
 Die Balladen des Thomas Balkan, Berlin 1969
 Bilderbotschaften, München 1969
 Gedichte aus Biafra, Berlin [u.a.] 1979
 Hab aufgelesen meine Spuren, Berlin  1979
 Säure, Düsseldorf 1979
 Das Dings da, Düsseldorf 1980
 Die Sachen der Liebe, Berlin [u.a.] 1980
 Suchbild: über meinen Vater, Düsseldorf 1980
 Tunifers Erinnerungen und andere Erzählungen, Frankfurt am Main 1980
 Das bucklicht Männlein, Frankfurt am Main 1981
 Jedes Wort hat die Chance einen Anfang zu machen, München 1981
 Nachricht für Baratynski, München [u.a.] 1981
 Anabasis, München [u.a.] 1982
 Der wahre Muftoni, München [u.a.]1982
 Ein roter Faden, München [u.a.] 1983
 Sein Herz ist sein Rücken, Karlsruhe 1983
 Zeichnungen und Bilder, Berlin 1983
 Jahreszeiten, Berlin 1984
 Souterrain, München [u.a.] 1984
 Bericht zur Entstehung einer Weltkomödie, München [u.a.] 1985
 Plunder, München [u.a.] 1986
 Sieben Blätter für Monsieur Bernstein, Stuttgart 1986
 Anzahlung auf ein Glas Wasser, München [u.a.] 1987
 Berliner Doodles, Berlin 1987
 Das Buch Jubal, Düsseldorf 1987
 <mask>ckel, Remagen-Rolandseck 1987
 Limbo, Mainz 1987
 Hundert Gedichte, München [u.a.] 1988
 Die Kirschbäume, Warmbronn 1988
 Pferdefuß, Ravensburg 1988
 Das Buch Shiralee, Düsseldorf 1989
 Von den Luftgeschäften der Poesie, Frankfurt am Main 1989
 Weltwundertüte voll Stückwerk, Lichtenfels 1989
 Vakuum, Warmbronn 1990
 Container, Berlin 1991
 Hans im Glück, Köln 1991
 Jemel, Leipzig 1991
 Die Messingstadt, München [u.a.]1991
 Shalamuns Papiere, München [u.a.] 1992
 Votiv, Warmbronn 1992
 Schlammfang, Düsseldorf 1993
 Stein, Frauenfeld 1993
 Archipel, Düsseldorf 1994
 Sidus scalae, Warmbronn 1995
 Gesang vom unterbrochenen Satz, München [u.a.] 1995
 Eine Hängematte voll Schnee, Berlin 1995
 Immer wieder träume ich Bücher, Warmbronn 1995
 Nachtmantel, Düsseldorf 1996
 Merkmalminiaturen, Stuttgart 1997
 Trümmer des Schmetterlings, Ostfildern vor Stuttgart 1997
 Ein unbekannter Mensch, München [u.a.] 1997
 Dichter und andere Gesellen, München [u.a.] 1998
 Jul Miller, Gifkendorf 1998
 Komm in das Haus, München [u.a.] 1998
 Fontany im Sande, Warmbronn 1999
 Die Ruine des Präsidentenpalastes, Düsseldorf 2000
 Schöllkopf, Warmbronn 2000
 Zähne, München [u.a.] 2000
 Blut im Schuh, Lüneburg 2001
 Nacht bleibt draußen und trinkt Regen, Passau 2002
 Suchbild: meine Mutter, München [u.a.]2002
 Ungefähr ohne Tod im Schatten der Bäume, München [u.a.] 2003

Exhibition catalogues

 <mask>, Radierungen, Holzschnitte, Zeichnungen, Graphik-Zyklen, Bücher, München 1965
 <mask>, Handzeichnungen, Radierungen, Bücher, München 1971
 The graphic work of <mask>, Austin, Tex. 1973
 <mask>l, Bilder, Graphik, Hamburg 1976
 <mask>l & <mask>, Bilderbücher 1968/1978, Berlin 1979
 <mask>, Zeichnungen, Radierungen, Reutlingen 1984
 <mask>, Bilder, Bücher, Bilderbücher, Bamberg 1986
 <mask>l, Zeichnungen, Bilder, Radierungen, Freiburg 1987
 <mask>l, Zeichnungen und Graphik, Bergisch Gladbach 1987
 <mask>, Frankfurt am Main, 1988
 <mask>l, Radierungen, Freiburg i. Br. 1990
 <mask>, Manuskriptbilder 1962 - 1992, Freiburg 1992
 <mask>l, Neue Zeichnungen und Grafik, Saarbrücken 1997
 <mask>, Beginn eines Sommers, Troisdorf 2001

Publications

 Alles andere steht geschrieben, Kiel 1993
 Georg Heym:  Gedichte, Frankfurt a.M. 1968
 Vier Tage im Mai, Waldkirch 1989
 Der Vogel fährt empor als kleiner Rauch, Göttingen 1995
 Das zahnlos geschlagene Wort, Düsseldorf 1980

Translations

 Avraham Ben-Yitzhak: Es entfernten sich die Dinge, München [u.a.] 1994
 : Arbeiten auf Papier, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1992
 : Wüstenginster, München [u.a.] 1990

Illustrated works

 Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte, Frankfurt am Main 1974
 : Reise in die Provence, Darmstadt 1983
 : Worte, Köln 1963
 : Die Zöglinge des Herrn Glasenapp, Düsseldorf 1996
 Bertolt Brecht: Bertolt Brechts Hauspostille, Frankfurt/M. 1966
 Wolfgang Dick: Nachtstücke - versetzbar, Stierstadt im Taunus 1965
 : Fahrradklingel, Berlin 1979
 : Träume, Warmbronn 1987
 Christopher Middleton: Wie wir Großmutter zum Markt bringen, Stierstadt i. Ts.1970
 : Du kommen um sieben, Berlin 1980
 Poetische Grabschriften, Frankfurt am Main 1987
 Die Rechte des Kindes, Ravensburg 1994
 Ruth Reichstein: Lichterloh, Frauenfeld 1988
 Christa Reinig: Die Ballade vom blutigen Bomme, Düsseldorf 1972
 Voltaire: Candide oder der Optimismus; Zadig oder das Schicksal; Der weiße Stier, Köln 1964

Further reading

 Uwe-Michael Gutzschhahn: Prosa und Lyrik <mask>, Köln 1979
 Begegnungen mit <mask>, Freiburg im Breisgau 1985
 Ute Maria Koch: Literarische Biographie und Zeitgeschichte, Erlangen 1986
 Franz Loquai (ed. ): <mask>, Eggingen 1993
 Wulf Segebrecht: <mask> Bücher, Bamberg 1995

References

External links

1935 births
2020 deaths
German graphic designers
German artists
Writers from Berlin
German-language poets
German male poets

masks:
Christoph Meckel
Meckel
Christopher Ma
Christoph Me
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Mecke
Christoph Mecke
Christopher Middleton
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Mecke
Christoph Mecke
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Mecke
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Mecke
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckels
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckel
Christoph Meckels


title: Ada Jafri

texts:
<mask> ( : ) , often spelled <mask> (22 August 1924 – 12 March 2015), was a Pakistani poet who is regarded as the first major female Urdu poet to be published and has been called "The First Lady of Urdu Poetry". She was also an author and was considered a prominent figure in contemporary Urdu literature. She received awards from the Government of Pakistan, the Pakistan Writers' Guild, and literary societies of North America and Europe in recognition of her efforts. Life

Early life
<mask> was born on 22 August 1924, in Badayun, U.P. Her birth name was Aziz Jahan. Her father, Maulvi Badrul Hasan died when she was three, and her mother reared her. She started composing poetry when she was twelve years old, under the pen name of <mask>.She spent her early life within impassable social bounds. Married life
She married Nurul Hasan Jafarey on 29 January 1947, in Lucknow, India. After her marriage, she took her pen name <mask>. Her husband, Nurul Hasan, was a top-ranking civil servant of the Federal Government of India. <mask> also moved with her husband to Karachi after the independence of Pakistan in 1947. Her husband was a littérateur himself who wrote columns for both English and Urdu newspapers. He also served as the president of the Anjuman-i Taraqqi-i Urdu.Nurul Hasan, a major inspiration to her writing, died on 3 December 1995. Later life
She had been residing in Karachi, Pakistan. She used to frequently travel between Karachi and Toronto, playing an active role in promoting Urdu. Family
<mask> and Nurul Hasan Jafarey had three children, Sabiha, Azmi and Aamir. Sabiha Jafarey is married to Zubair Iqbal and is settled in Potomac, Maryland, US. They have three children Sabah Iqbal, Yusuf Iqbal and Sameer Iqbal. Azmi Jafarey and his wife Shua Jafarey are now settled in Andover, Massachusetts, US.They have two sons, Faaez Jafarey and Aazim Jafarey. <mask>y lived with her son, Aamir Jafarey, his wife, Maha Jafarey, together with their daughter Asra Jafarey in Karachi till her death. <mask>y has two great grandchildren, Sabine Rana and Rizwan Rana, children of Sabah Iqbal Rana and her husband Fawad Rana. Death
<mask> died in the evening of 12 March 2015 in a hospital in Karachi where she was being treated, at the age of 90. The Pakistani Minister for  Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage, Pervez Rashid, the Governor of Sindh, Dr. Ishratul Ebad Khan, the Pakistani Prime Minister, Mian Nawaz Sharif, Dr. Muhammad Qasim Bughio, Chairman PAL, and Zahida Parveen, Director-General PAL, expressed sorrow over the death of Jafarey. They praised her work in the field of Urdu poetry and prayed for her soul. Her funeral prayer was held in Al-Hilal Mosque, Karachi.She was buried in the PECHS graveyard, Jamshed Town, Karachi on 13 March 2015. Literary career

The first female poet
<mask>y was part of a traditionally conservative society where women were not allowed to think and express independently. But she was bold enough to express herself. Despite having traditionality ingrained in her personality, she took part in modern art. As early as 1950, she was recognized as the First Lady of Urdu Poetry. Her mother, and her husband Nurul Hasan Jafarey, encouraged her to keep on her literary activities in spite of social difficulties. She was the student of great poets like Akhtar Sheerani and Jafar Ali Khan Asar Lakhnavi and used to get her poetry checked and corrected by them.Style
<mask> writes in a gender-neutral mode, though her works include feminist themes like discrimination and dehumanisation of women and of them being viewed as sexual objects. Her personality seems absent from her poetry. <mask> wrote of her experiences as a wife and mother in a modified traditional idiom, but also noticed the lack of fulfillment that accompanied these relationships. Genre
<mask>'s works are mostly Ghazals, but she also experimented with , as well as Urdu Haiku. She had mastered both genres of Urdu poetry,  and ghazal. In her ghazals, she took the pen name, . She has also written a few .Works
<mask>'s first ghazal was published in Akhtar Sheerani's magazine, , in 1945. <mask> published her first collection of poems,
 in 1950. Her book, , containing short essays with short biographies and brief commentaries on the work previous Urdu poets was published in 1987. Besides, she published five collections of Urdu poetry (, , , , and ), in addition to her autobiography (), and forty research papers. She also published her collection of Urdu Haiku,  Her ghazal,  was sung and popularised by Ustad Amanat Ali Khan. The first couplet of that ghazal is:

Transliteration:

Awards
In 1955, Hamdard Foundation, New Delhi recognized her as the "Outstanding Female Poet of the Century". Later, she was awarded the Adamjee Literary Award by the Pakistan Writers' Guild in 1967 for her second poetic collection, .In recognition of her work, the Government of Pakistan awarded her the Medal of Excellence in 1981. She received the Baba-e Urdu, Dr. Maulvi Abdul Haq Award from the Pakistan Academy of Letters in 1994, and the Quaid-e Azam Literary Award in 1997. She was also the recipient of the 's Certificate of Merit. She was the recipient of various international awards from literary societies in North America and Europe. The Government of Pakistan conferred upon her the Pride of Performance Award for Literature in 2003 (awards were announced on 14 August 2002). She was the recipient of the Kamal-e Fan Award for lifetime achievement in literature by the Pakistan Academy of Letters in 2003. She was the first woman recipient of the award since the literary prize was established by the Pakistan Academy of Letters (PAL) in 1997.Feminist views
<mask> was a supporter of feminism. She expressed her views thus:

Critical reputation
Various critics say that Jafarey's poetry is full of politeness of expression. She combines both old and new thoughts in a unique artistic way through her poetry. Qazi Abdul Ghaffar, in his introduction to <mask>’s collection of verses, particularly mentioned her name in the field of feminist way of expression. The Urdu poet and critic, Jazib Qureshi, said:“<mask>y is the first and only lady poet who carries in her poetry the eternal colours of Ghalib, Iqbal, and Jigar.”

See also

Ghazal
Fehmida Riaz
Kishwar Naheed
Parveen Shakir

Notes

External links
 — Download <mask>'s autobiography (in Urdu)

Citations

1924 births
2015 deaths
Pakistani women poets
Muhajir people
Urdu-language poets
Muslim poets
Pakistani Muslims
People from Karachi
Pakistani feminist writers
Recipients of the Pride of Performance
Recipients of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz
20th-century Pakistani poets
20th-century women writers
20th-century Pakistani women writers
Recipients of the Adamjee Literary Award

masks:
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafri
Ada Jafarey
Ada Badayuni
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafare
Ada Jafare
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafare
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafarey
Ada Jafare
Ada Jafri


title: Lucius Beebe

texts:
<mask> (December 9, 1902 – February 4, 1966) was an American author, gourmand, photographer, railroad historian, journalist and syndicated columnist. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts, to a prominent Boston family. He attended both Harvard University and Yale University, where he contributed to the campus newspaper, Harvard Crimson, and the humor magazine, The Yale Record. During his tenures at boarding school and university, Beebe was known for his numerous pranks. One of his more outrageous stunts included an attempt at festooning J. P. Morgan's yacht Corsair III with toilet paper from a chartered airplane. His pranks were not without consequence, and he proudly noted that he had the sole distinction of having been expelled from both Harvard and Yale, at the insistence, respectively, of the president and dean. Beebe earned his undergraduate degree from Harvard in 1926, only to be expelled during graduate school.Journalist
During and immediately after obtaining his degree from Harvard, <mask> published several books of poetry, but eventually found his true calling in journalism. He worked as a journalist for the New York Herald Tribune, the San Francisco Examiner, the Boston Telegram, and the Boston Evening Transcript, and was a contributing writer to many magazines such as Gourmet, The New Yorker, Town and Country, Holiday, American Heritage, and Playboy. Beebe re-launched Nevada's first newspaper, the Territorial Enterprise, in 1952. He wrote a syndicated column for the New York Herald Tribune from the 1930s through 1944 called This New York. The column chronicled the doings of fashionable society at such storied restaurants and nightclubs as El Morocco, the 21 Club, the Stork Club, and The Colony. <mask> is credited with popularizing the term "cafe society", which was used to describe the people mentioned in his column. In 1950, <mask> and his long-time romantic partner, photographer Charles Clegg, moved to Virginia City, Nevada, where they purchased and restored the Piper family home and later purchased the dormant Territorial Enterprise newspaper.The newspaper was relaunched in 1952, and by 1954 had achieved the highest circulation in the West for a weekly newspaper. <mask> and Clegg co-wrote the That Was the West series of historical essays for the newspaper. In 1960, <mask> began work with the San Francisco Chronicle, where he wrote a syndicated column, This Wild West.<ref name=Pen>The Provacative Pen of <mask>, Esq., p. vii.</ref> During the six years that he wrote the column, Beebe covered such topics as economics, politics, journalism, religion, history, morals, justice, finance, and travel. Gourmand
<mask> was a noted gourmand. He had his own column, Along the Boulevards,  in Gourmet, and wrote extensively for Holiday and Playboy about restaurants and dining experiences around the world. Some of the restaurants he covered include The Colony, The Stork Club, The Pump Room, the 21 Club, Simpson's-in-the-Strand, and Chasen's. Also a wine aficionado, he was a member of the Confrérie des Chevaliers du Tastevin.Author
In addition to his work as a journalist, <mask> wrote over 35 books. These dealt primarily with railroading and café society. He was the first writer to use a painting by Howard L. Fogg, noted railroad artist, on the cover of a book. Many of his railroad books were written with his longtime companion Charles Clegg. <mask> was inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame in 1992. Railroad history
<mask> wrote extensively about the joys of train travel, including such nostalgic books describing quaint short line railroads as Mixed Train Daily (1947) and Narrow Gauge in the Rockies (1958). In September, 1947, he arranged an excursion on the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad covered by a photo spread in Life.<mask> and Clegg were attired in formal wear and top hats, as waiters served champagne and caviar to their guests riding in an open car behind an ancient steam locomotive. <mask>'s book The Trains We Rode (1965) used more than 1,500 photos and illustrations to chronicle the passing era of famous named passenger trains and streamliners, along with the stations they served. For example, he proclaimed Baltimore's Mount Royal Station, built in the early 1890s, as "one of the celebrated railroad stations of the world, ranking in renown with Euston Station, London, scene of so many of Sherlock Holmes' departures, the Gare du Nord in Paris, and the feudal fortress of the Pennsylvania Railroad at Broad Street, Philadelphia." Along with Clegg, Beebe owned two private railcars, the Gold Coast and The Virginia City. The Gold Coast, Georgia Northern / Central of Georgia No. 100, was built in 1905 and is now at the California State Railroad Museum. After Beebe and Clegg purchased The Virginia City, they had it refurbished and redecorated by famed Hollywood set designer Robert T. Hanley in a style known as Venetian Renaissance Baroque.Beebe in the Virginia City  The Virginia City has been restored and currently operates as an excursion car. Beebe and Clegg wrote about and photographed the Virginia & Truckee Railroad and worked unsuccessfully with other railroad fans to preserve it. Their fame was such that they were caricatured in "Fiddletown & Copperopolis," by Carl Fallberg. Ship travel
<mask> was a noted partisan of the Cunard Line and passenger liner travel in general. He wrote several articles about trans-Atlantic passage on Cunard ships during the "Golden Era" of the 1920s, 30s and 40s. Sartorial splendor
A noted boulevardier, Beebe had an impressive and baroque wardrobe. Beebe's clothing included 40 suits, at least two mink-lined overcoats, numerous top hats and bowlers, a collection of doeskin gloves, walking sticks and a substantial gold nugget watch chain.Columnist Walter Winchell referred to <mask> and his wardrobe as "Luscious <mask>". <mask>'s sartorial splendor was recognized when he appeared in full formal day attire on the cover of Life over the title of "Lucius Beebe Sets a Style". Many of Beebe's articles and columns addressed men's traditional fashion. He was especially fond of English bespoke tailoring and shoes and wrote glowing articles about noted court tailor Henry Poole & Company and noted bootmaker John Lobb, whom he patronized on a regular basis. He also liked ties, particularly from Charvet in Paris, men's hats and wrote of the history of the bowler hat. Personal life
In 1940, <mask> met Charles Clegg while both were houseguests at the Washington, D.C., home of Evalyn Walsh McLean. The two soon developed a personal and professional relationship that continued for the rest of Beebe's life.Previously, <mask> had been involved with society photographer Jerome Zerbe. The pair initially lived in New York City, where both men were prominent in café society circles. Eventually tiring of that social life, the two moved in 1950 to Virginia City, Nevada, a tiny community that had once been a fabled mining boomtown. There, they reactivated and began publishing the Territorial Enterprise, a fabled 19th-century newspaper that had once been the employer of Mark Twain. <mask> and Clegg shared a renovated mansion in the town, traveled extensively, and remained prominent in social circles. <mask> was a community activist while living in Nevada. He was appointed by Nevada's governor to be a member of the Nevada State Centennial Committee (1958) and was Chairman of the Silver Centennial Monument Committee, groups that planned events honoring Nevada's and Virginia City's history.Through their efforts, the federal government commissioned a commemorative stamp in recognition of the discovery of the Comstock Lode in the Virginia City region. Clegg and Beebe sold the Territorial Enterprise'' in 1961 and purchased a home in suburban San Francisco. They continued the writing, photography, and travel that had marked their lives until <mask>'s death. <mask> died at the age of 63 of a sudden heart attack at his winter home in Hillsborough, California, (near San Francisco) on Friday, February 4, 1966. A memorial service was held three days later, on Monday, February 7, at 11:00 a.m. at Emmanuel Church on Newbury Street in Boston. His ashes, reportedly along with those of two of his dogs, were returned to Massachusetts and are buried in Lakeside Cemetery on North Avenue in his hometown of Wakefield, in one of the Beebe family plots, at the extreme north end of the cemetery. Clegg committed suicide in 1979, at the same age that <mask> had reached when he died.Bibliography

References

Further reading

External links

 Piper Beebe House
 California State Railroad Museum
 Territorial Enterprise

 Beebe Life Cover Photo
 Nevada Writers Hall of Fame

American food writers
20th-century American photographers
Harvard University alumni
New York Herald Tribune people
American people in rail transportation
1902 births
1966 deaths
The Yale Record alumni
20th-century American historians
American gay writers
Rail transport writers
LGBT people from Massachusetts
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Historians from New York (state)
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Lucius Morris Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Lucius Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Lucius
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe


title: Margaret S. Collins

texts:
<mask> (September 4, 1922 – April 27, 1996) was an African-American child prodigy, entomologist (zoologist) specializing in the study of termites, and a civil rights advocate. <mask> was nicknamed the “Termite Lady” because of her extensive research on termites. Together with David Nickle, <mask> identified a new species of termite called Neotermes luykxi. When <mask> earned her PhD., she became the first African American female entomologist and the third African American female zoologist. Life summary
<mask> was born in 1922 in Institute, West Virginia. She started college at age fourteen and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in biology from West Virginia State University in 1943. Her Doctor of Philosophy degree was awarded by the University of Chicago in 1950, becoming only the third Black woman zoologist in the country.Her mentor was Alfred E. Emerson. Her dissertation was Difference in toleration of drying between species of termites (Reticulitermes), with an article based on this work in Ecology, the journal of the Ecological Society of America. <mask> taught at Florida A&M University and at Howard University. She saw herself primarily as a field scientist, and did extensive field work in North and South America, specializing in the insects of Guyana and Florida. From the late 1970s through 1996, <mask> was a research associate in the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology. Her primary area of study was termites of the Caribbean. Her life's research regarding termites included: the evolution of desiccation resistance in termites; various termite species' tolerance of high temperatures; defensive behavior in South American termites, including chemical defenses; termite ecology; species abundance in virgin and disturbed tropical rain forests; and behavioral ecology, taxonomy, and entomology.She was also an active civil rights advocate, receiving a bomb threat for planning to give a university talk on biology and equality, and being followed by the police and FBI when she was a volunteer driver during a bus boycott. Her activism limited her scientific work for a time: she had been publishing a scientific paper or two a year, but had no publications between 1952 and 1957. She led a 1979 AAAS symposium in Houston, later published as Science and the Question of Human Equality. <mask> was still doing research when she died at age 73 on April 27, 1996, in the Cayman Islands. She died of heart failure, and, as she had hoped to, while on a field trip. Early life
<mask><mask> was born on September 4, 1922, in Institute, West Virginia. <mask> was the fourth child of Rollins James and Luella Bolling James.Institute was described as an all-Black town and a college town. As a result, there were many educated Black people in Institute, West Virginia. <mask>'s father, Rollins James, earned his bachelor's degree from West Virginia State University and his master's degree from Tuskegee Institute, both historically Black universities. With these degrees, James worked with George Washington Carver for a while. James then taught Vocational Agriculture at West Virginia State, ran the poultry program at West Virginia State, taught at West Virginia State's laboratory high school, and was a county agent for the UDSA. <mask>'s mother, Luella James, wanted to become an archaeologist but her studies at West Virginia State were limited because of her gender; she later dropped out of college. From an early age <mask> was fascinated by zoology.Inspired by naturalist Ernest Thompson <mask>’s books, Two Little Savages  and Rolf in the Woods, <mask> would explore the woods and barn near her childhood home in order to collect insects. When <mask> was just 6 years old, she was recognized as a child prodigy; as a result of this achievement, she was given access to the book collections at West Virginia State University's Library. <mask>'s impressive intellect and university level reading skill allowed her to skip two grades and graduate high school early. At 14 years old, <mask> graduated from West Virginia State University's Laboratory High School. Education
After her early graduation from West Virginia State College's Laboratory High School, <mask> continued her education until she received a PhD in zoology in 1950. In 1936 <mask> started her first year at West Virginia State University, a historically Black university, on an academic scholarship. <mask> faced a lot of difficulties as an undergraduate at West Virginia State University due to her gender.She struggled to find a mentor in Biology, which was a predominantly male-dominated field. <mask> eventually received mentorship from Toye Davis and Frederick Lehner, who were both professors at West Virginia State University. Together Davis and Lehner helped find <mask> opportunities in the field of Biology. In 1943, <mask> gained her Bachelor of Science degree in Biology with minors in Physics and German. Later in 1943 <mask> enrolled in the University of Chicago graduating in 1950 with a PhD in zoology. Alfred E. Emerson, a termite expert, mentored <mask> at the University of Chicago. Emerson assisted <mask> in her studies and shielded her from racism; but he did not let her do fieldwork because he thought women were irritating during scientific expeditions.Emerson helped <mask> develop and complete her dissertation, Differences in Toleration of Drying among Species of Termites (Reticulitermes). <mask>'s dissertation is well regarded in the field of entomology and is cited very often. <mask> also wrote an article based on her dissertation in Ecology, the journal of the Ecological Society of America. When <mask> received her PhD., she became the third African-American female zoologist and the first African-American female entomologist. Career and advocacy for racial equality
<mask> was employed as an assistant professor at Howard University in Washington, District of Columbia while her first husband, <mask> attended Howard University's Medical School. <mask> later divorced <mask>land and left Howard University because it did not treat its women and men faculty members equally. She started working for Florida A&M University and while there married her second husband Herbert L<mask>.They had two sons. <mask> was appointed a full-time professor at Florida A&M, becoming chair of the Biology department in 1953. She often went on collecting trips in Everglades National Park with her family. During her time in Florida, <mask> was invited to guest lecture at a local predominantly White university on Biology and equality. The lecture was cancelled due to a bomb threat. <mask> also volunteered to drive people to work during the Florida A&M Student Council's bus boycott. <mask> was watched closely by the police and the FBI because of her actions against racial inequality.<mask>'s advocacy for equal rights limited her scientific work from 1952 to 1957 and she did not publish any papers at this time. <mask> applied for and received a grant from the National Science Foundation to study at the University of Minnesota for a year. From 1961 to 1962, <mask> was a research associate at the Minnesota Agricultural Experimental Station in St. Paul where she studied North American termites. In 1964, <mask> moved backed to Washington, D.C., and returned to Howard University as a full-time professor. <mask> also took a tenured position at Federal City College (now known as University of District of Columbia) for ten years. Additionally, <mask> became president of the Entomological Society of Washington during her time in Washington, D.C., and a research associate at the Smithsonian Institution. In 1968, with grants from the Smithsonian and the Graduate School of Howard University, <mask> led an expedition to Mexico.In 1972 she took a research trip to the Sonoran Desert in Arizona which was supported by the United States IBP Desert Biome Project and the National Science Foundation. In the same year, <mask> was invited to the Clark Lectureship at Scripps College; <mask> lectured about her research and experiences. While involved in field research in Guyana, <mask> reopened the Alfred Emerson Research Station in 1979. Also, in 1979 <mask> orchestrated a symposium for the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The symposium's focus was on Science and the Question of Human Equality. After the symposium she published a book with the same title as the symposium's focus, Science and the Question of Human Equality. 1979 was a very busy year for <mask> because she also started researching the defense mechanism of termites with Glenn D. Prestwich.From the late 1970s to 1996, <mask> researched termites in the Caribbean through the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, Department of Entomology, especially the termites of Guyana. During these expeditions, <mask> informed Guyana's military of ways to build that would avoid termite damage and how to use termite excretions to strengthen building materials. <mask> contributed greatly to the Smithsonian's termite collection. The materials she collected were curated as the Collins Collection at the National Museum of Natural History. Research and discoveries
<mask> saw herself primarily as a field scientist and did extensive field work in North and South America, specializing in the insects of Guyana and Florida. With her colleague David Nickle, Dr. <mask> discovered a new species of termite called Neotermes luykxi, or the Florida damp wood termite, in 1989. This species of termite is native to Florida, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.In Florida these termites are primarily distributed from eastern Broward County to Key Largo. <mask> researched the evolution of desiccation resistance in termites, tolerance to high temperature, and species abundance in virgin and disturbed tropical rain forests. She also researched defense behavior in South American termites, chemical defense of termites, termite ecology, behavioral ecology, taxonomy, and entomology. Later years
Although she had health problems during the 1980s and the 1990s, <mask> increased her work in the field, taking various expeditions to the Caribbean. On April 27, 1996, <mask> died at the age of 73 at Southern Cross Club in Little Cayman, Cayman Islands on an expedition due to congestive heart failure. Selected published works

 <mask>, M. S., Wainer, I. W., & Bremner, T. A. (1981).Science and the Question of Human Equality. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. Water relations in termites. Chapter in Krishna K, Weesner F (ed). Biology of Termites (1969). <mask>, M. S. “Jensen's AAAS Fellowship.” Science, vol. 196, no.4292, 1977, pp. 832–832. References

1922 births
1996 deaths
American entomologists
African-American scientists
Women entomologists
West Virginia State University alumni
People from Institute, West Virginia
Scientists from West Virginia
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
Smithsonian Institution people
20th-century American zoologists
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
African-American women writers

masks:
Margaret James Strickland Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Margaret S
. Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Seton
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Bernard Strickland
Collins
Strick
. Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


title: Acharya Vidyasagar

texts:
{{Infobox religious biography
| honorific-prefix = Sant Shiromani Acharya Shri 108
| name = Vidyasagar
| honorific-suffix = Ji Maharaj
| image = Acharya5 (cropped).jpg
| alt = VIDHYADHAR
| caption = <mask> a prominent Digambara monk
| religion = Jainism
| sect = Digambara
| birth_name = Vidyadhar
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Sadalga, Belgaum district, Karnataka
| father = Mallappa (name after diksha-Mallinath ji)
| mother = Shrimanti(name after diksha-Samaymati Ji)
| initiation_date = 30 June 1968
| initiation_place = Ajmer
| initiator = <mask>
| predecessor = muni"Gyansagar
| disciples = Pramansagar, Sudhasagar, Kshamasagar, Guptisagar
| works = Mukamati (silent soil)
| website =
}}

Acharya <mask> (born 10 October 1946) is a Digambara Jain Acharya (Digambar Jain Monk) in present time. He is recognized both for his scholarship and tapasya (austerity). He is known for his long hours in meditation. While he was born in Karnataka and took diksha (undertook spiritual discipline) in Rajasthan, he generally spends much of his time in the Bundelkhand region where he is credited with having brought about a revival in educational and religious activities. He has written haiku poems and the epic Hindi poem "Mukamati". Life
Early life

<mask> was born on 10 October 1946 during the full moon festival (Sharad Purnima) in Sadalga, in the Belgaum district, of Karnataka in a Kannada speaking Jain family. The modest house where he was born, is now a temple and a museum.His childhood name was Vidyadhar. He was the second of four sons, the eldest son being Mahavira Ashtage. As a child, he was fond of eating fresh butter which was used to make ghee (clarified butter). He was not a demanding child and accepted what was given to him. Vidyadhar used to visit temples and teach his younger siblings the principles of religion. He called both younger sisters "Akka" (elder sister). He was attentive and was eager to undertake his studies.In his spare time he used to paint. Initiation
He was initiated as a Digambara monk in 1968 at the age of 22 by <mask> Gyansagar, who belonged to the lineage of <mask> Shantisagar, at Ajmer. His father Mallappa, his mother Shrimati, and two sisters took diksha and joined the sangha (community of the pious) of <mask> Dharmasagar. Except for his eldest brother, his remaining brothers, Anantanath and Shantinath, followed him and were initiated by Acharya <mask> as Muni Yogasagar and Muni Samaysagar respectively. His elder brother married and continued the blood line. He was elevated to the Acharya status in 1972. An Acharya does not eat salt, sugar, fruits, milk, oil, ghee, in addition to what is traditionally prohibited (like onions).He goes out for a meal at about 9:30 a.m.–10:00 a.m. from Śrāvakas (lay votaries). He takes food once a day in the palm of his hand, one morsel at a time. In 1999, then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee paid a visit to <mask> Ji during his visit to  Gomatgiri Indore. <mask> <mask>'s Chaturmas (four-month stay) in 2016 was in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, where he was accompanied by 38 munis. He gave his Pravachana (reading) in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by special invitation from Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan on 28 July 2016. In 2016, during a trip to Bhopal, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited him. He was also visited by former Union minister Jyotiraditya Scindia from the opposing Congress Party, now in BJP.Congress State President Kamal Nath paid a visit to <mask> Ji during his visit to Jabalpur. Union Minister Uma Bharati paid a visit to <mask> Ji at the completion of 50 years of initiation at the Samyama Swarna Mahotsav festival. During the Guru Purnima Celebration in 2018, Digvijay Singh received the blessings of <mask> <mask> Ji in Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh. In 2018, American ambassador Kenneth Juster paid a visit to <mask> <mask> Ji and assured him he would follow a full vegetarian diet for one day a week. French Diplomat Alexandre Ziegler visited Khajuraho with his family in 2018 and felt "peaceful and blessed" after meeting <mask> <mask> Ji. He vowed to become a vegetarian. Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath has declared the State Guest Honour to <mask> Ji Maharaj.In this regard, the UP Government also issued a protocol. Union Home Minister Shri Rajnath Singh Ji has taken the blessings of <mask> <mask> Ji in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla has taken the blessings of <mask> <mask> Ji with an assurance of Hindi Promotion in Legislature. RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat paid a visit to <mask> Ji during his visit he discussed various topics related to Promotion of Hindi Language and handloom were discussed. Madhya Pradesh CM Kamal Nath paid a visit to <mask> Ji and assured the promotion of Hindi Language, Ayurveda and handloom. Works

 <mask> <mask> is a scholar of Sanskrit and Prakrit and knows several languages including Hindi and Kannada. He has written in languages such as Prakrit, Sanskrit, Hindi.His works include Niranjana Shataka, Bhavana Shataka, Parishah Jaya Shataka, Suniti Shataka and Shramana Shataka. He has composed nearly 700 haiku poems which are unpublished. He wrote the Hindi epic poem "Mukamati". This has been included in the syllabus of Hindi MA programmes at various institutions. This has been translated into English by  Lal Chandra Jain and was presented to Pratibha Patil, the President of India. Several researchers have studied his works for masters and doctoral degrees. His tradition
<mask> <mask> belongs to the tradition established by <mask> Shantisagar.<mask> Shantisagar initiated <mask> Virasagar, who was then succeeded by <mask> Shivsagar, <mask> Gyansagar and finally <mask> <mask>. Some of his disciples are well-known scholars in their own right. , about 21% of all the Digambar monks were under <mask> <mask>. Muni Sudhasagar and Muni Pramansagar are also his disciples. One of his best known disciples, Muni Kshamasagar ji, obtained samadhi in 2015. <mask> Pushadantasagar, the guru of Tarun Sagar was initiated as a kshullak (junior monk) by <mask> <mask>, although he took muni diksha from <mask> Vimal Sagar. Upadhyaya Guptisagar took muni diksha in 1982 from <mask> <mask> although he later joined the sangha (community) of <mask> Vidyanand.<mask> <mask> has been a source of inspiration to the people for founding institutions for their welfare at different locations. Since the number of monks (munis) and nuns (āryikas) initiated and directed by him exceeds two hundred (117 Digambar Muni, 172 Aryikas), they stay in more than 60 locations in India during Chaturmas, ranging from Gujarat to Jharkhand, and Haryana to Karnataka. This insures that only a few monks or nuns are staying in one place. His wanderings (Vihara)

As a traditional Digambara Jain monk, <mask> Vidyasagar never stays in a single location for more than a few days, except for the four months of the rainy season (Chaturmas). He never declares where he will be next, although people try to guess his next destination. Since his initiation in 1968 he has had: seven Chaturmas in Rajasthan (1968–74), one in Uttar Pradesh (1974), seven in Madhya Pradesh (1976–1982), one in Jharkhand (1983), nine in Madhya Pradesh again (1984–1992), two in Maharashtra (1993–94), one in Madhya Pradesh (1995), one in Gujarat (1996), 11 again in Madhya Pradesh (1997–2007), one again in Maharashtra (2008), eight again in Madhya Pradesh (2009–2016). The fiftieth anniversary of his diksha was celebrated in many cities in India with parades and festivities in July 2018.On this occasion, commemorative columns (Swarna Kirti Stambha) were erected in Ajmer, संयम स्वर्ण कीर्ति स्तम्भ : Amazing Architecture : Jain Temple In Ajmer, Rajasthan India,  Jun 28, 2018 Rewa, Sravanbelgola and other locations. Biography
His disciple Muni Kshamasagar wrote his biography Ātmānveśhī (hi:आत्मान्वेषी) which was translated into English as In Quest of the Self and was published by Bhartiya Jnanpith. In popular culture
A documentary titled Vidyoday was released on 25 November 2018 by Landmark Films. A trailer was also released. The film is directed by Vidhi Kasliwal. Vidyoday'' had its first international screening at  the Harrow Safari Cinema in London. See also
 Jain philosophy
 List of Jains
 Ahimsa in Jainism

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links

 Official android app

1946 births
Living people
People from Belagavi district
Scholars from Karnataka
Digambara Acharyas
Indian Jain monks
20th-century Indian Jain writers
20th-century Jain monks
20th-century Indian monks
21st-century Indian Jains
21st-century Jain monks
21st-century Indian monks
Haiku poets

masks:
Acharya Shri Vidyasagar Ji
Acharya Gsagar
Shri Vidyasagarji Maharaj
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagara
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Vidyasagara
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya
Acharya
Vidyasagar
Acharya