title: Robin Black

texts:
<mask> is a Canadian mixed martial arts commentator, former mixed martial artist, and glam rock musician. History
Originally a member of the Pinawa, Manitoba band Ballroom Zombies, <mask> moved to Toronto in 1998 to form <mask> and the Intergalactic Rock Stars. The band released their first recording, a novelty CD single cut in the shape of a star, in 2000. The album Planet Fame, produced by Moe Berg and Garth Richardson, followed on February 14, 2002. It was filled with  glam rock tracks, led by the single "So Sick of You". A video for the single was also released. Prior to the release of their second album, the band brought in two new members; Chris "The Kidd" Avolos on drums and John "The Creep" Kerns on bass.The 2005 album was named Instant Classic, and was produced by Bob Ezrin along with Garth Richardson. For this release the band's name was shortened to just <mask>. They toured extensively for this release, including internationally. Frontman <mask> also made an appearance on Showcase's TV series KinK. <mask> was also a judge on the 2006 Much Music VJ Search. He holds a second degree black belt in Tae Kwon Do. <mask> also won his division at the 2008 NAGA World Championships.He now trains MMA at Xtreme Couture in Toronto alongside other professional MMA fighters such as Mark Hominick, Mark Bocek, and Rob Di Censo and retired from professional MMA with a 4-5 record. <mask> toured the UK again across July and August 2008 with support from German glam rock band The Pleasures and British based Patchwork Grace. This tour culminated in a headline show at Trash Stock festival, Nottingham. Mixed martial arts

<mask> is a practitioner of Tae Kwon Do and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. He was featured on a MuchMusic program titled "<mask> Black: Cage Fighter". On the program, <mask> trained with  mixed martial artists Georges St-Pierre, Sam Stout, Mark Hominick, Dan Smith, Charlotte Savage, and Andrew Bradbury. <mask> was also a guest commentator at an XMMA show in Montreal featuring David Loiseau.This marked the first time that <mask> did color commentary for fights. <mask> has since been brought in to interview fighters between rounds at Warrior-1 MMA - Inception, WRECK MMA, CFC and others. In 2009, <mask> submitted opponent Stephane Poirier to become the first ever 135 pound Champion in Canada's ELITE 1 MMA promotion. After a near 2-year hiatus, <mask> returned to the cage at the inaugural SLAMM: Tristar Fights event on November 30, 2012, submitting opponent Derek Charbonneau via Kimura armlock in the 2nd round, bringing his MMA record to 4-5 (W-L). Members

Current
ROBIN BLACK
<mask> - vocals
Peter Arvidsson - lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris "Starboy" Cunnane - guitar, backing vocals
Robby Ruckus (who also plays in Darlings of Chelsea) - bass
Aaron Verdonk - Drums (who also plays in Stereos)

Former

<mask> and the Intergalactic Rock Stars
(1998-2002)
<mask> - lead vocals
Stacy Stray - lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris "Starboy" Cunnane - guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
jackie Duncan - bass (may-sept. 98)
Killer Ky Anto - bass (sept. 98-May 2002)
Kevin Taylor aka K-Tron - drums

<mask> and the Intergalactic Rock Stars
(2002-2003)
<mask> - lead vocals
Killer Ky Anto - lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris "Starboy" Cunnane - guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
B.B. McQueen - bass
Kevin Taylor - drums

<mask>
(2003-2006)
<mask> - lead vocals
Killer Ky Anto - lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris "Starboy" Cunnane - guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
John "The Creep" Kerns - bass
Chris "The Kid" Avolos - drums

Discography

Albums
 Planet:Fame (2002)
 Instant Classic (2005)

Singles
 "Star Shaped Single" (2000)
 "Two Song Tease" (2004)
 "Hellraiser" (2003) (UK only release)

DVDs
 We Came, We Saw...We Came!

masks:
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin
Black
Robin
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin
Black
Black
Robin
Robin
Black
Robin
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black
Robin Black


title: Ruth Katz

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1927) is an Israeli musicologist, a pioneer of academic musicology in Israel,  professor emerita at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She has been a corresponding  Member of the American Musicological Society since 2011. She was named laureate of the Israel State Prize in 2012. <mask>'s work addresses  ethnomusicology, philosophy and aesthetics of music, and music cognition. It is characterized by methodological sophistication, broad interdisciplinary perspectives and a synthetic view focusing on unveiling the ideational components. She is also concerned with the general historiography and sociology of culture and art, to aesthetics, and to ethnography and anthropology. Biography

<mask> (née Torgovnik) was born in Germany and immigrated to Israel/Palestine in 1934 with her family, settling in Tel Aviv.After graduating from the Herzliya gymnasium, military service in the Israel Defence Forces, and a short period at the Israel Ministry of Defence, she was sent to New York (1950) by the Jewish Agency's Youth department, as an emissary to the Inter-collegiate Zionist Federation of America. In New York she attended Columbia University (BA 1954, MA 1956, PhD 1963, all summa cum laude). Returning to Israel with her husband (1956), she taught at the Oranim teachers' college and began research in ethnomusicology. In 1963, she was among the founders of the department of musicology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she taught  until her retirement in 1995,. She became known for academic innovation, including many new programs she developed and led, e.g. the Amirim interdisciplinary excellence program (the first of its kind in Israel, 1989-1995). In addition, <mask> was president of the Israel Musicological Society (1982-1985), chief musical editor of Encyclopaedia Hebraica (starting 1969),  and served on the Israel Broadcasting Authority committee on music (1966-1978) and Israel Ministry of Education advisory  board on higher education in music (1968-1975).<mask> was also fellow of the Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin (1986-7), University of Pennsylvania Institute for Judaic Studies (1995), Bellagio Center of the Rockefeller Foundation (1997) and the Liguria Center of the Bogliasco Foundation (1999). She gave a ’s  Paul Lazarsfeld Memorial Lecture at Columbia Universitys (1992) and the Sterosta Lectures on Interdisciplinarity at the Hebrew University (1984). <mask> was honored by an international colloquium on "Interdisciplinarity and Advancement in the Arts and Sciences" (the Hebrew University, 2008.) In 2011 she was elected a corresponding member of the American Musicological Society, and in 2012 received the Israel Prize, the highest state recognition of scholarly achievement in Israel. Research

Western music: practice, theory, philosophy, society

Unveiling the ways in which the manifold forms of music and their surrounding historical worlds mutually constitute each other has been the underlying theme of <mask>'s work since her dissertation (1963), that differentiated between Western art music since 1600 from what preceded it in epistemological, sociological and culture-historical terms, challenging well-established views concerning the rise of opera. The dissertation linked the emergence of opera and related musico-dramatic forms in the early 17th century to the "Scientific Revolution" concomitantly under way throughout the West, presenting the former as expressions of a new music- aesthetic paradigm that emerged through "experiments" exploring the powers of music. On a more local level, <mask> further attributed these developments to a 16th-century Italian tradition of proto-scientific, magic engagement with music, and to Italian literary and dramatic genres, thereby explaining why the operatic genre emerged in Italy rather than elsewhere, even though similar ideational developments took place throughout the West.Formulating the new paradigm thus in music-aesthetic terms, <mask> applied it to the development of the operatic medium until the 1980s. <mask>'s work on the constituting interactions between aesthetic ideas and the development of musical styles continued in her  Contemplating Music (1987-1991; with Carl Dahlhaus), a four-volume annotated anthology  containing  texts by major thinkers, and mapping the main topics  of Western philosophy of music from Classical Greece to the 20th century. Continuing her exploration of the thinking embedded in the concrete musical phenomenon in “History as ‘Compliance’: The Development of Western Musical Notation in the Light of Goodman’s Requirements“, (1992),  <mask> connected analytical philosopher Nelson Goodman's  theory of the "Languages of Art"  to the 500-year-long process that historically produced Western musical notation. The twin volumes Tuning the Mind and The Arts in Mind (2003, with <mask>en)  presented the ideational components embedded in the language of Western art music of the 17th and 18th centuries, that eventually culminated in the Classical style. Using the perspectives of both the thought of late-18th-century English men of letters, and modern cognitive science, these volumes analyze the music as "sense formations without predication", in terms of the contemporary styles and genres, and via an examination of music's  relation to its "sister arts", at the same time exposing the debt owed by present-day cognitive theories to historical aesthetic ideas and artistic practices. A comprehensive synthesis of <mask>'s work on Western music appeared in her A Language of its Own: Sense and Meaning in the Making of Western Art Music (2009), a philosophical history of music examining Western art music in its entirety (10th to 20th centuries). By tracing the continuing dialogue between music and the theoretical and aesthetic discourse about it, as represented in music-theoretical writings throughout the centuries (that, in their turn, took part in the broader intellectual and cultural discourse of their time), <mask> showed how the Western musical mentality, driven by an urge towards rationality, emerged from the vital interactions between  intellectual production and musical creation, thereby explaining many of Western music's immanent distinctive properties, and offering, in a way, what may be considered a detailed elaboration of Max Weber's famous thesis concerning the rational basis of Western society.The book follows in detail the process whereby Western music developed into a system of signification without external reference ("a language that explains itself from within") culminating in the Classical style of the late 18th century, this as an expression of concomitant changes in intellectual and social history. The book then traces the process of Western music further, into the 19th and 20th centuries, in which it became the locus of epistemological innovation anticipating linguistic and cognitive theories. Finally, <mask> shows the gradual disintegration, in the 20th century, of that self-referential system, the drive towards which had informed Western music for the entire second millennium. Ethnomusicology: the Middle East and folk traditions in Israel/Palestine

<mask>'s ethnomusicological work focuses on folk music in Israel – Palestinian Arab folk singing, music of the different Jewish communities, and the Israeli composed "folksong" – this, too, with the aim of unveiling the constituting ideational components –be they universal-cognitive patterns or culture-specific schemes. Part of these studies was conducted in collaboration with Dalia Cohen, with whom <mask> founded, in the 1950s, the Laboratory for Analysis of Vocal Information at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and led jointly, producing influential methodological and theoretical breakthroughs. A turning point in  <mask> & Cohen's laboratory work was the development (in the mid 1950s) of the first model of the "Jerusalem melograph", an electronic apparatus transcribing orally-transmitted monophonic music as a continuous graph representing changes in pitch and loudness over time, thereby providing information that is not only precise but also independent of cultural, stylistic, and notational conventions concerning three out of the four psycho-acoustic parameters (pitch, duration and loudness; timbre was added later). The melograph was at the base of all of <mask> and Cohen's ethnomusicological work, since it made it possible to unveil latent principles regulating musical practice that are not expressed in a musical theory, cannot be extracted aurally or through use of available forms of notation (most of the work concerned oral traditions, to begin with), and of which not only researchers but also the carriers of the tradition were mostly unaware.Similar apparati were invented concomitantly but independently in Norway (Olav Gurvin) and the USA (Charles Seeger), but the processing of the findings of the Jerusalem melograph was accompanied by new, more culturally-independent theoretical categories, that proved highly fruitful not only for the specific musical traditions, but also for comparative ethnomusicological research in general, becoming widely accepted in the field, with implications for music-cognition research. For example: the category of "Melody type", expanded by <mask> and Cohen in their studies of

masks:
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Katz
Ruth Katz
Katz
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Katz
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Ruth HaCoh
Katz
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Katz
Katz
Katz
Katz
Katz
Katz


title: Ruth Katz

texts:
 Arabic music concerning questions of mode, a subject not well defined in oral musical traditions (even where there is a modal theory) and that has defeated many scholars. <mask> and Cohen showed that even in cases of extreme variability, one can discover modal regularity in musical practice, if one defines it as a "type of intonational skeleton" that may be realized by varying quantitative values. <mask> and Cohen expanded the concept of “type” further, showing that many traditions conform to a system of "types" not only concerning mode, but in other parameters as well, some more latent that others, e.g. melismaticism, beat and density tempos, or timbral categories. This made it possible to formulate the aesthetic preferences of each tradition in terms of "type". It should be stressed that since aspects such as these change from one performance to the next, "typical" regularity necessarily relates also to the extent, range, and properties of variability, as well as to relations between manifest and latent factors.The melograph was eventually integrated into computerized methodologies, leading to further elaboration and to its application beyond ethnomusicology: e.g. in the study of Hebrew prosody, or in Western music performance studies. Katz & Cohen’s monumental Palestinian Arab Music: Latent and Manifest “Theory” of a Maqām Tradition in Practice (2005) is a summary of 40 years of collaborative research into the vocal folk music of the Arabs in Israel. In addition to many findings concerning the particular tradition and its methodological and analytical sophistication, the book engages fundamental questions of ethnomusicology and general anthropology concerning the meaning of modal frameworks, the combination of text and music appearing as a-priori fusions, the dynamic between continuity and change in living oral traditions and the role of the individual creative artist therein, or how to assess authenticity. <mask>'s other ethnomusicological research addressed inter alia the music of the Samaritans (1974), in which she identified a case of "oral group notation"' and a connection to the medieval Christian Neannoe-Ninnua, showing that both are rooted in earlier Hebrew traditions. In other studies she examined the singing of Baqqashot by the Aleppo Jews (1968; 1970), applying the notion of mannerism (until then applied mainly to Western art), as an index of cultural change. Both cases served <mask> as test cases of the fundamental anthropological question concerning the reliability of oral traditions, a subject that continued to occupy her in various interdisciplinary international forums, as well as in her book The Lachmann Problem (2004),  about Robert Lachmann, a pioneer of comparative musicology who fled to Palestine from Nazi Germany.The book weaves together the history of the discipline, from its origins as "comparative musicology" in Germany of the early 1900s and the Weimar  Republic with the history of the Yishuv   in British-mandate Palestine and of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Selected works

Books
The Origins of Opera: The Relevance Social of and Cultural Factors to the Establishment of a Musical Institution, Ph.D. Dissertation, Columbia University, 1963. The Israeli Folksong: A Methodological Example of Computer Analysis of Monophonic Music, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1970 (with Dalia Cohen). Divining the Power of Music, Aesthetic Theory and the Origin of Opera, New York: Pendragon Press, 1986. Contemplating Music (Sources in the aesthetic of music, selected, edited, annotated and introduced, with original translations, in four volumes), New York: Pendragon Press, 1987-1991 (with Carl Dahlhaus).Vol. I Substance (1987); Vol. II	Import (1989);	 Vol.III Essence (1991);Vol. IV Community of Discourse (1991). The Powers of Music, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University, 1994 (paperback edition of Divining the Powers of Music, revised with a new introduction). Tuning the Mind, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University, 2003 (with <mask>en). The Arts in Mind, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, Rutgers University, 2003 (with <mask>en). "The Lachmann Problem": An Unsung Chapter in Comparative Musicology, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 2004. Palestinian Arab Music: Latent and Manifest “Theory” of a Maqām Tradition in Practice, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005 (with Dalia Cohen).A Language of its Own:  Sense and Meaning in the Making of Western Art Music. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009; paperback edition 2013. The Discursive March of Thought: An Interdisciplinary Roadmap, New York: Israel Academic Press, 2015. Selected articles
“Explorations in the Music of the Samaritans: An Illustration of the Utility of Graphic-Notation“, Ethnomusicology  IV, 1960 (with Dalia Cohen). “The Melograph in Ethno-musicological Studies”, Ariel, XXI, 1967 (with Dalia Cohen). “The Singing of Baqqashot by Aleppo Jews: A Study in Musical Acculturation”, Acta Musicologica, XL, 1968. “Mannerism and Cultural Change: An Ethno-musicological Example”, Current Anthropology, XI, 1970.“The Egalitarian Waltz”, Comparative Studies in Society and History, XV, 1973. “Quantitative Analyses of Monophonic Music: Towards a More Precise Definition of Style with the Aid of the Computer”, Orbis Musicae, II (with Dalia Cohen). “On ‘Nonsense’ Syllables as Oral Group Notation: Evidence for Werner’s Neannoe-Ninnua Theory“, Musical Quarterly, LX, 1974. “The Reliability of Oral Transmission: The Case of Samaritan Music”, '’Yuval, III, 1974. “The Interdependence of Notation Systems and Musical Information”, Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, XI, 1979 (with Dalia Cohen). “Waltz Interlude”, The Imperial Style: Fashions of the Habsburg Era, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1980. “The Contribution of Music to the Illumination of Ambiguity”, Molad, 1982 (Hebrew).“Collective ‘Problem-Solving’ in the History of Music: The Case of the Camerata”, Journal of the History of Ideas, XLV, 1984. “Societal Codes for Responding to Dissent“, in W. Bennis et al., eds., The Planning of Change (4th edition), New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985. “Exemplification and the Limits of ‘Correctness’: The Implicit Methodology of Idelsohn’s ‘Thesaurus’“, Yuval, IV, 1985. “Ut Musica Poesis: The Crystallization of the Conception Concerning Cognitive Processes and ‘Well Made Worlds’“, in H. Danuser et al., eds., Das musikalische Kunstwerk, Berlin: Laaber 1988 (with <mask>en). “Concerning the Relationships Among the Arts: The 18th-Century Legacy to the 19th  Century“, in Peter Andrasche and Edelgard Spaude, eds., Welttheater, Rombach Verlag, 1992 (with <mask>en). “History as ‘Compliance’: The Development of Western Musical Notation in the Light of Goodman’s Requirements“, in Mary Douglas, ed. : How Classification Works: Nelson Goodman among the Social Scientists, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1992.“Separating Sense from Meaning: On Musical Thought and Cognitive Theory“, Paul F. Lazarsfeld Memorial Lecture, Columbia University, 1992. “Musico-Poetic Arabic Tradition: A Comparison between the Oral-Palestinian and the Written Medieval Spanish”, Revista de Musicologia, vol. XVI, no. 4, 1993 (with Dalia Cohen). “Structural Aspects of Musico-Poetic Genres in Practice and of the Medieval Hebrew Muwassah”,  Proceedings of the Eleventh World Congress  Jewish Studies, Jerusalem, 1994 (with Dalia Cohen). "Attitudes to the Time Axis and Cognitive Constraints: The Case of Arabic Vocal-Folk-Music“, Proceedings of the European Society for the Cognitive Sciences of Music,  1994  (with Dalia Cohen). “Why Music?Jews and the Commitment to Modernity“, in S. Volkov, ed., The Jews and Modernity, Munich: Historisches Kolleg, 1995. “McLuhan: Where Did He Come From, Where Did He Disappear?”  Canadian Journal of Communication, 23, 1998;  also in French, Quaderni (with Elihu <mask>). “Wagner and the Jewish Commitment to Modernity“, The Sterosta Lectures, Jerusalem: The Hebrew University, 1984. “Melograph“, New Grove Dictionary of Music (with Dalia Cohen). “The Waltz and the Public Sphere“, in J. Lautman & B.P. Lecuyer, eds., Paul Lazarsfeld (1901-1975): La sociologie de Vienne à New York, Paris: L’Harmattan, 1998. “The Melisma as a Musical Parameter: Characterizing Oriental Ethnic Groups in Israel” (in Hebrew), Pe’amim, 77,  1999 (with Dalia Cohen).“‘Authenticity,’ ‘Interpretation,’ and ‘Practice’: Probing Their Limits“, in David Greet, ed., Musicology and Sister Disciplines: Past, Present and Future, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. “Universal Constraints Concerning the Choice of Stylistic Rules in Various Cultures“,  European Meetings in Ethnomusicology, vol. VIII, 2001 (with Dalia Cohen). “Rhythmic Patterns Reflecting Cognitive Constraints and Aesthetic Ideals“, Journal of New Music Research'', vol. 37, no. 1 (with Dalia Cohen)
“Life and Death among the Binaries: A contribution to the symposium on Jeffrey Alexander’s essay on the Holocaust” (with Elihu <mask>). New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.References

1927 births
Israeli musicologists
Women musicologists
Living people
20th-century musicologists
21st-century musicologists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
People from Tel Aviv
Columbia University alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem

masks:
Katz
Katz
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Ruth HaCoh
Ruth HaCoh
Ruth HaCoh
Ruth HaCoh
Katz
Katz


title: Bruce Williams (talk radio host)

texts:
<mask><mask> (February 18, 1932 – February 9, 2019) was an American radio host, entrepreneur, writer and former mayor. His nationally syndicated talk show, first a part of NBC Talknet and later rebranded as The <mask> Show, aired throughout the United States for 29 years, from 1981 until ending production in March 2010. <mask> wrote six books, and he also wrote a syndicated advice column called Smart Money. Early life
<mask> grew up in East Orange, New Jersey. He left Upsala College to serve with the United States Air Force in Korea and earning a degree in education from Newark State Teachers College, now Kean University, he became active in politics, education, and business in New Jersey.<ref name=NYT1989>Eftimiades, Maria. "Radio Personality Without Limits", The New York Times, July 2, 1989. Accessed February 20, 2008.</ref> <mask> was elected to the Franklin Township Council in a June 1967 runoff, one of three members of a Republican-backed slate to win a contest for four seats.He finished second, winning by 99 votes. He was re-elected in 1971 by 163 votes. He served as deputy mayor and mayor. Radio career
In 1975, <mask> entered broadcasting by hosting At Your Service on WCTC in New Brunswick, New Jersey. This was soon followed by his second show, <mask> at Large. <mask> then set his sights on reaching a larger audience, and his persistence paid off. In 1978, he was hired by WMCA in New York City.<mask> made his debut on NBC Talknet when the programming block began on November 2, 1981. His national reputation began to grow. He began each show by saying "Welcome my friends...welcome to my world." <mask> flew airplanes and on December 5, 1982, while attempting to abort a landing, crashed into a few trees in Princeton, New Jersey. Maurice Tunick, Talknet creator and executive producer, remembers the incident:

(<mask> himself later said he was in a coma for 20 days before being able to broadcast about four weeks later.) <mask> was inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 1999 and has since been listed as the sixth greatest talk show host in radio history by Talkers Magazine. <mask> ran an advice show focused on personal business matters such as real estate transactions, career planning, entrepreneurship, and travel until the September 11, 2001 attacks.At that time, the show became a mix of business and politics, and every show ended with the song God Bless America. On February 22, 2010, <mask> announced in an email to affiliates that he would end his show effective March 5, 2010. Not long after going off the air, <mask> began posting occasional "newsletters" on his website that hinted he would like to get back on the air "in some fashion," including the possibility of "doing something with the internet." After being off the radio for just over two years, one of his newsletters announced that he would return to the airwaves via The American Entrepreneur, producing podcasts that would be available on iTunes and other platforms. The new show, which continued the same title "The <mask> Show," debuted on Monday, April 16, 2012. The new program continued in the same format as his previous show, with less emphasis on politics. The show appeared "live" on Tuesdays and Thursdays, and three hours were recorded on Wednesdays for broadcast on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.During some of the initial programs of the new show, <mask> hinted that he expected the show to eventually expand to two hours, and he also noted that he'd been contacted by several terrestrial radio stations interested in carrying the new program. The program ran until the mid-summer until the American Entrepreneur network was forced to shut down following the sudden death of its owner. Thus, <mask> found himself without an outlet for his show. On July 9, 2012, <mask> launched the Made In America Broadcast Network, an enterprise which sponsored the podcasts of his show and also promoted products that were made in America with "at least 90%" American-made materials, using U.S. labor. His show appeared live via podcast Monday to Friday from 2:00 to 3:00 Eastern time, with an additional live show appearing on Wednesday evenings for a few weeks. The show was also available via the iTunes, SoundCloud, TuneIn, and Stitcher internet platforms. To attract listener participation, he made answering machines available and announced that "we will call you back" and arrange for a time to put the listener on the air.Unfortunately this tactic was unsuccessful, with <mask> doing most of his shows as monologues with just the occasional phone call. <mask>'s goal with the Made In America Network was to only accept advertising from companies whose products and/or services were made in America with American labor. He eventually announced that many of the companies producing American-made items as required to advertise on his network were too small to have a national-sized advertising budget, which led to sponsors advertising for a very short period of time. By the beginning of 2013, the show was featuring only Jersey Boy Pork Roll, a Williams-owned company, in its advertising. On March 18, 2013, <mask> announced on his podcast that the show and the network had not been financially viable, and planned to discontinue the podcasts and retire from broadcasting on March 29, 2013. During the announcement, he said "This will be the end of my broadcasting career, unless someone happens to offer me a job where I just show up and do the show and don't have to worry about the rest of it; but that's not likely to happen." His last podcast contained an emotional recap of his broadcasting career along with several phone calls from listeners.He stated that he planned to continue writing his newspaper column, Smart Money, which appeared in American newspapers. <mask> also wrote several financial and real estate advice books in addition to his broadcast career. Miscellaneous ventures
During his radio career <mask> spoke frequently about the jobs he held throughout the years. He began by melting down lead pipes into toy soldiers and selling them to other children at the age of 11 during World War II. Later in life, <mask> entered a wide variety of business ventures including insurance sales, driving a beer truck, driving a taxi, real estate sales, a flower shop, a car rental agency, a barber shop, and several nightclubs. He drove an ice cream truck in New York City and was the founder of Lane Robbins, now Oak Crest Day Camp, a private preschool in Somerset, New Jersey. He also spent two terms as mayor of Franklin Township, New Jersey from 1967 to 1975.In his later years, <mask> was involved in a florist business and was a board member of a bank. In 2009, he and several investors founded Jersey Boy Pork Roll, an online store selling pork roll products from three manufacturers. Two of his children, Robbins and Michael, run his Jellyrolls nightclub at Disney's Boardwalk in Orlando. Books
 America Asks <mask> Smart In Business for Yourself Protecting your Financial Future (foreword)
 The <mask> Source Book Thanks for Asking''

References

External links
 Smart Money newspaper column

 NTSB report on plane crash

1932 births
2019 deaths
American advice columnists
American finance and investment writers
American talk radio hosts
Mayors of places in New Jersey
Writers from Tampa, Florida
Place of birth missing
Radio programs on XM Satellite Radio
Kean University alumni
Politicians from East Orange, New Jersey
People from Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
Writers from East Orange, New Jersey

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. Williams
Bruce Williams
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Bruce Williams


title: Bernardo Bitti

texts:
<mask> (1548–1610) was an Italian Jesuit priest and painter. He introduced Mannerism to Peru, where he went on a Jesuit mission after having studied in Rome. On his way to Peru, <mask> traveled through Spain, where he became influenced by Sevillian painting, especially that of Luis de Morales. Bitti arrived in Peru in 1575 and started painting for churches first in Lima and from 1583 in Cusco. His works in Lima include the typically Mannerist Coronation of the Virgin and The Virgin of the Candelaria for St. Peter's Church. The Immaculate Conception was a recurring theme in his paintings, one of which is in the  in Cusco. In addition to Mannerism, his works reflect ideas of the Counter-Reformation and religious education of the natives.After 1584, <mask> traveled all over South America, painting where he went. His mobile lifestyle was a testament to his popularity with the Jesuits, but it led to <mask>'s being unable to set up a workshop or have apprentices. Nevertheless, his influence in the region was immense, and resulted in Mannerism persisting in South America even when it had fallen out of favor in Europe. <mask> is regarded as the founder of the Cusco School of painting. Career

Democrito <mask> was born in Camerino, Italy in 1548. Few details about his life in Europe are known. He became a painter at an early age and as a teenager he moved to Rome to study painting for a period of five years.His studies focused on Italian Mannerism. At the age of 20, in 1568, <mask> became a Jesuit and relocated to the novitiate of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale, also in Rome, where he stayed until 1573. He might have painted some works there, but none survive. Meanwhile, the Jesuit mission in the Viceroyalty of Peru had asked for Rome to send them skilled painters. <mask> was identified as the best one available; his Jesuit background would make him the ideal painter of altarpieces. Thus <mask> was commissioned on a Jesuit mission to Peru in 1571, becoming the first artist to travel on a Jesuit mission to South America. The expedition party traveled through Spain on their way to Peru.It is not known precisely what <mask> did during his stay in Spain, but it appears that he had the opportunity to study Sevillian painting for 14 months. It has been subsequently noted that his paintings resemble particularly those of the painter Luis de Morales, probably through seeing his works rather than by training with him. Influence by Giuseppe Valeriano is also attested. The Jesuit party arrived in Peru in 1575, where <mask> introduced Mannerism to the country. He became a very sought after artist because of the novelty of his style in the new continent. One of <mask>'s first tasks was to paint a collection for the Jesuit college and St. Peter's Church in Lima. His paintings in the church include Coronation of the Virgin and The Virgin of the Candelaria.Bitti also made a retable in St. Peter's Church. He stayed in Lima for eight years, working. In 1583, <mask> moved to Cusco, where he stayed until the end of 1584. There he painted Immaculate Conception and constructed a high altar, both for the Jesuit church of Cusco. For its Indian chapel, he painted a setting of the Last Judgment, now lost, the sight of which persuaded many natives to convert, according to Inca Garcilaso de la Vega writing in 1612. Later in his career, <mask> traveled through Spanish America including Potosí, Arequipa, , Acora, La Paz, Sucre, and Chucuito. Most of his works were made in Juli.Of his paintings, only those in Peru remain. <mask> collaborated with other artists, including his fellow Jesuit Pedro de Vargas, in art projects all over the Peru. These collaborations included the sculptural support for many retablos. Works

Most of <mask>'s works are on the life and persons of Jesus and Virgin Mary. Especially numerous are his works on the theme of the Immaculate Conception, including a noteworthy one in Cusco. Bitti was painting for a dual audience of European-born immigrants and newly converted natives. He was also under the constraint of carefully crafting his works to conform with the requirements of the post Council of Trent era of Counter-Reformation.His work is representative of Mannerism, characterized by elongated figures with slender limbs and delicate fingers in posing gracefully in condensed compositions. Drapery is characteristically crisp and "paper-like". The colors are saturated, often pastel blues and pinks. <mask>'s Mannerism, however, "lacked the confusion, erudition, and sometimes erotic sway" that was typical of the style in his native Italy. <mask> painted in tempera, "with the delicacy of the followers of Michelangelo and Raphael". Lines are dominant and the colors are cool, exposing <mask>'s kinship with the works of Giorgio Vasari. Although there is no contemporary material to conclude if <mask>'s work was well-received, this is likely the case because he was sent to so many locations in South America.Today, <mask>'s work is considered skillfully executed. Coronation of the Virgin in St. Peter's Church is centered on the Trinity, below which Mary is found. Presentation is typically Mannerist in elongated limbs and elegant poses, with mostly soft blue and pink colors. There is experimentation with the colors, which change in shadows and folds of drapery. Floating in the clouds are angels and cherubs, with considerable variation in postures, with figura serpentinata all over. The painting, however, differs from typical Mannerism in one important regard. It is markedly symmetrical and focused.As such, it emphasizes the Trinity in accordance with the didactic mission of the Jesuits and in the spirit of the Counter-Reformation. Bitti painted the persons of the Trinity as clearly distinct: God the Father and Son are of different ages, and the Holy Spirit takes the form of a dove. This was to avoid potential confusion that could arise in the eyes of natives when looking at paintings that portray the Trinity as a three-faced man or three near-identical men. The Virgin of the Candelaria, also at St. Peter's, features Mary holding infant Jesus while angels provide light with candles. The dramatic light it features is typical of the works of Bitti and something that he probably adopted from his time in Spain. Immaculate Conception, an altarpiece in the  in Cusco, is typical of Bitti. Mary, with sharp features, is set against a background that does not reveal a setting.In the painting, made for devotion, she is at the same time accessible to the devotee and exists in an otherworldly realm. The colors are cool and pastel, and drapery folds in the typical brittle fashion. The painting relies on visual exaggeration reminiscent of the work of Italian Mannerists like Bronzino and Parmigianino, but without any eroticism. Agony in the Garden, painted around 1600 and now in the Lima Art Museum, has an elongated and graceful Christ figure and an angel, both in pastel draperies that seem to ignore both gravity and the shape of their bodies. Death and legacy
<mask> returned to Lima and continued to work there until his death in 1610. At the time of his death, <mask> was an esteemed artist. <mask> is considered the founder of the Cusco School of painting.Even though many other Italian painters followed in his footsteps to South America – including Matteo Pérez and Angelino Medoro immediately in his year of arrival – few became as influential as <mask>, whose influence on painting in Viceroyal Peru was decisive. Although <mask> never stayed in one place long enough to establish a workshop or train apprentices, his work influenced many painters of the Andes, especially in Cusco and the Audiencia of Charcas in Bolivia. Gregorio Gamarra is the only artist known to have been a proper follower of <mask>. Lázaro Pardo de Lagos, Diego Cusi Guamán, and Pedro Bedón also exhibit influences. Through Bedón, <mask> influenced the Quito School. Many yet to be attributed works in Peruvian churches and monasteries also carry the hallmarks of <mask>'s influence. Because of Bitti's influentiality, Mannerism featured in Peruvian and Bolivian art even after the style went out of fashion in Europe.See also
 Peruvian art

References

Works cited

Further reading

1548 births
1610 deaths
Peruvian people of Italian descent
Peruvian Mannerist painters
17th-century Italian painters
16th-century Italian painters
Peruvian Jesuits
16th-century Italian Jesuits
Italian Mannerist painters
Cusco School

masks:
Democrito Bernardo Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bernardo Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti
Bitti


title: Martha Karua

texts:
<mask> (; born 1957) is a Kenyan politician and an advocate of social justice. She is a former long-standing member of parliament for the Gichugu Constituency and an Advocate of the High Court of Kenya. She was Minister of Justice until resigning from that position in April 2009. Karua has consistently fought for the protection of women's rights and improvements to the democratic process. Early life and education
The daughter of <mask> and his wife Josephine Wanjiru , <mask> was born on 22 September 1957 in Kirinyaga District in the Central Province of Kenya. Brought up in the village of Kimunye in the Gichugu Constituency, she is the second child in a family of eight, four girls and four boys. She attended Mugumo primary school ,Kabare Girls Boarding School,St Michael’s boarding school Keruguya.She attended Kiburia Girls Secondary School, Ngiriambu Girl’s secondary school and Karoti Girl’s secondary schools where she  passed her East African School Certificate at Karoti Girls High School in [[Kirinyaga County.She then attended Nairobi Girl’s secondary school for A levels. She studied law at the University of Nairobi from 1977 to 1980. Between 1980 and 1981 she was enrolled at the Kenya School of Law for the statutory post graduate law course that is a prerequisite to admission to the Kenyan roll of advocates and licensing to practice law in Kenya. Legal career

1981 – 2002
After graduating, from 1981 to 1987 Karua worked as a magistrate in various courts including those at Makadara, Nakuru and Kibera, receiving credit for careful discernment. In 1987, she left to start her own law firm, Martha Karua & Co. Advocates, which she ran until 2002. Cases included the treason trial of Koigi Wamwere and that of the Kenyan member of parliament Mirugi Kariuki.At the risk of being blacklisted by the Moi government, she defended several human rights activists. Her work contributed to family law, especially in regard to matrimonial property. Political career

1990 – 2002
Karua was a member of the opposition political movements that successfully agitated for the re-introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990s. Kenya was at the time under the authoritarian rule of the Kenya African National Union (KANU), the only legally recognised political party in Kenya and which was led by president Daniel arap Moi. Karua joined Kenneth Matiba's Ford-Asili party . She walked out of the party leadership Elections which she regarded as compromised in September 1992 leaving her sole opponent Geoffrrey Karekia Kariithi to be declared winner.She joined the Democratic Party of kenya (DP) where she won the Party nominations / ticket in November 1992 and proceeded to win the election as Gichuhi MP in December 1992 against the incumbent Geoffrrey karekia Kariithi freeing Gichugu constituents from the Kareithi – Nahashon Njuno rivalry. Karua became the MP for Gichugu constituency and the first woman lawyer to be popularly elected to Parliament.She was elected as the Democratic party's legal affairs secretary in 1993. . In 1998, Karua declined the position of Shadow Minister for Culture and Social Services which conflicted with her position of National Secretary for Constitutional Affairs (an elected office) that made her the official spokesperson on legal matters of the party. She opted to resign her position as the National Secretaryfor legal and constitutional Affairs. In 2001, when the Constitutional Review Bill was laid before the House, the entire Opposition with the exception of Karua walked out of Parliament. The Bill had been rejected by the Opposition as well as Civil Society but Karua was of the view that as elected representatives, instead of walking out, it would be more prudent to remain in Parliament and put the objections on record. She therefore chose to remain in the Parliament and her objections to the Bill were duly recorded in the Hansard. Later she was among those who formed the political coalition NARC that won the 2003 General Election in Kenya and ended KANU's nearly four decades of leadership in Kenya's politics having actively participated in agitation for expanded democratic space and respect for human rights as a member and later a leader in the Law Society of Kenya

2003 to 2009
Until 6 April 2009 she was the Minister of Justice, National Cohesion & Constitutional Affairs.She also previously served as the Minister of Water Resources Management & Development, and was behind the implementation of the Water Act 2002, which has since then accelerated the pace of water reforms and service provision in Kenya. Karua remained Justice and Constitutional Affairs Minister in the Cabinet appointed by Kibaki on 8 January 2008, following the controversial December 2007 election. In an interview with BBC's HARDtalk in January 2008, Karua said, regarding the violent crisis that had developed over the election results, that while the government had anticipated that the opposition Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) of Raila Odinga might be "planning mayhem if they lost", it was surprised by "the magnitude" of it, calling the violence "ethnic cleansing". Asked to clarify, Karua said that she was stating "categorically" that the ODM planned ethnic cleansing. Odinga subsequently called Karua's accusation "outrageous". Karua headed the government's team in negotiations with the opposition regarding the political dispute that resulted from the election. The political crisis eventually led to the signing of a power-sharing agreement between Kibaki and Odinga.In the grand coalition Cabinet that was announced on 13 April 2008, Karua remained in her post as Minister of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs. She was endorsed as the national chairperson of the NARC-Kenya political party on 15 November 2008. There was virtually no competitive election during the party's national delegates' convention at the Bomas of Kenya in Nairobi as all the officials including Ms Karua were being endorsed. After her endorsement she immediately declared she would be gunning for the highest political seat that being President in the Kenya's 2012 elections. Karua resigned as Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs on 6 April 2009, citing frustrations in discharging her duties. A clear example of her frustrations was when President Mwai Kibaki appointed Judges without her knowledge a few days before her resignation. She was the first Minister to resign voluntarily since 2003.2013 to present
Karua contested the 2013 Kenyan presidential election, under the NARC Kenya party ticket. New Kenyan law barred presidential contenders from simultaneously seeking a parliamentary seat, so she had to give up her interest in her somewhat safe Gichugu seat, with potential risk of being cast out of politics altogether (if she lost her presidential bid). She came in sixth with 43,881 votes in a contested election outcome.ref></ref>

<mask>a would make a come-back in Kenya's political scene in the 2017 general election seeking for a Gubernatorial Seat in Kirinyaga County. She lost to the current Governor Anne Waiguru in a heavily contested election after garnering 122, 091 votes against Ms Waiguru's 161,373 votes. Karua contested the election citing election irregularities and filed a petition at the High Court seeking to have Waiguru's election nullified but lost the petition's at the High court, Court of Appeal and ultimately at the Supreme Court. Karua proceeded to file a petition in the East African Court of Justice suing kenya government for failure of its Judicial arm to dispense justice in the petition. She was among the opposition leaders who President Obama met when he was hosted by Uhuru Kenyatta in 2015 in Obama's only presidential visit to Kenya.Politically, she seems to have inclined toward CORD, the main opposition political outfit led by Raila Odinga , even though she and Raila have been long-standing political foes and for a long time seemed the most unlikely of political allies  Karua later abandoned her political relationship with Raila. In December 2015 Karua admitted to receiving a kshs two million "donation" to her presidential campaign costs from British American Tobacco. Karua said that she thought that the contribution by Paul Hopkins, a BAT employee, was a personal donation. The money was paid via Mary M'Mukindia who was running <mask>'s campaign. Karua has the reputation of being untainted by corruption save for this report of donation of alleged tainted money. No culpability has been proven and the British investigations concluded without any charges against Paul Hopkins. Karua has maintained that she cannot be corrupted and invited Kenyan authorities to investigate any alleged wrong doing.Karua was defeated on 8 August 2017 by Anne Waiguru in controversial election outcome. On 20th September 2021, Senior Counsel <mask>a was unanimously elected as the Interim Mount Kenya Unity Forum Spokesperson by a section of leaders from Central Kenya. “We have chosen <mask>a to be our official convener and our spokesperson,” Gatundu South MP Moses Kuria. Reputation
At one time in her Kirinyaga District when KANU was still in power, Karua walked out on President Moi who was then addressing a crowd in the district stadium. This was an unusual display of open defiance against Moi, who was then feared and ruled the country as an authoritarian. She has been an activist for the widening of democratic space and gender issues in Kenya. She has been involved in championing women's rights through public interest litigation, lobbying and advocacy for laws that enhance and protect women's rights through her work with various women's organizations, particularly the International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA-Kenya) and the League of Kenya Women Voters.In February 2009 during her time as Minister of Justice, she once had a heated argument with the Minister of Agriculture William Ruto at a cabinet meeting as the President sat quietly, watching the sparring ministers, a source at the meeting said: "The President did not say or do anything. He just sat there quietly watching as the ministers took on each other. It was chaotic, hot and eruptive." The two ministers had been sparring in public over a period of three weeks, with Ms Karua demanding Mr Ruto's resignation over a maize scandal. She was referred to as "the only man" in the PNU Cabinet, despite the fact that all the other Cabinet members were men. karua served as Minister for Water between 2003-2005 December and initiated the water sector reforms that devolved the management of water service leading to improved services. Personal life
Karua gained attention after she and a Catholic priest, Fr.Dominic Wamugunda, were carjacked and robbed on 6 December 2003 late at night while en route to her house in Wamugunda's car. She said in Parliament upon being questioned by MPs that she was under no obligation to provide any explanation for why she was in Wamugunda's car or what she was doing at the time of the carjacking. Her security guards were not present when the crime occurred; Karua said that when she did not feel she needed the guards, she did not use them. Karua is a divorcee, including at the time of her reported association with Wamugunda. Awards and recognition
In 1991, Karua was recognized by Human Rights Watch as a human rights monitor. In December 1995, she was awarded by the Federation of Kenya Women Lawyers (F.I.D.A) for advancing the cause of women. In 1999 the Kenya Section of the International Commission of Jurists awarded her the 1999 Kenya Jurist of the Year and in the same year same month, the Law Society of Kenya (LSK) awarded her the Legal Practitioners Due Diligence Award.References

External links
Profile: <mask> from NARC

1957 births
Living people
Members of the National Assembly (Kenya)
Government ministers of Kenya
Kenyan victims of crime
Women government ministers of Kenya
National Rainbow Coalition politicians
University of Nairobi alumni
Kenya School of Law alumni
National Rainbow Coalition – Kenya politicians
Female justice ministers
20th-century Kenyan women politicians
21st-century Kenyan women politicians
Candidates for President of Kenya
Justice ministers of Kenya

masks:
Martha Wangari Karua
Jackson Karua
Martha Karua
Martha Karu
Karua
Martha Karu
Martha Karu
Martha Karua


title: T.J. Brown

texts:
<mask> (born May 22, 1990) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing as a Featherweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his MMA debut in 2013 at Cage Combat Championships 5, where he lost the bout after he didn't answer the bell at the start of round 2. <mask> then compiled a 13–6 record across various regional MMA promotions, most notably losing to Bobby Moffett via split decision at RFA 44: Moisés vs. Freeman and Cody Carrillo via KO in the first round at C3 Fights: Border Wars. Dana White's Tuesday Night Contender Series

After pulling off three straight wins on the regional scene, <mask> was invited to Dana White's Contender Series and faced Dylan Lockard at Dana White's Contender Series 26 on . He won the bout via arm-triangle choke in the third round, winning an UFC contract in the process. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut against Jordan Griffin at UFC Fight Night: Benavidez vs. Figueiredo on February 29, 2020. He lost the fight via second-round submission.<mask> faced Danny Chavez at UFC 252 on August 15, 2020. He lost the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Kai Kamaka III at UFC on ESPN: Reyes vs. Procházka  on . He won the bout via a controversial split decision. 15 out of 15 media members scored the bout for Kamaka. <mask> was scheduled to face Gabriel Benitez on January 15, 2022 at UFC on ESPN 32. Three days before the event, Benitez was forced to pull out and Charles Rosa replaced him with the bout now taking place at Lightweight.<mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. Personal life
<mask> is a single father to a son, Kyler.

masks:
Trenton Joseph Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Steve Byrne

texts:
<mask> (born July 21, 1974) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. He is best known from his multiple stand up comedy hour specials, creating, writing and starring in Sullivan & Son and as the writer/director of the feature film The Opening Act. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Freehold, New Jersey. <mask> grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and went to Hampton High School. He graduated from Kent State University in Kent, Ohio. His mother is Korean and his father is of Irish descent. <mask> has a younger brother, William.He studied theatre at Kent State University. Career
<mask> was exposed to stand up comedy by working at the comedy club Caroline's in New York City. The first time he ever got on stage was at Stand Up New York on September 30, 1997. <mask> spent the early part of 2018 directing a documentary about Las Vegas headliner, magician and comedian The Amazing Johnathan, entitled Always Amazin'''. The documentary won best documentary film at the Sydney Lift Off Festival, Special Mention at Los Angeles Lift Off Festival, and was screened at Hollywood Now Festival, All Things Comedy Festival and Vancouver Just for Laughs Film Festival. Always Amazing was released in 2019 for free on YouTube. From 2017–2018, <mask> had been writing a script while on the road about his early years in stand up comedy.That film eventually got the green light, and <mask> wrote and directed his first feature film, The Opening Act, starring Jimmy O Yang, Alex Moffat and Cedric the Entertainer. The film was released October 16, 2020. In 2003, he filmed the documentary film 13 or Bust, where he did 13 shows in one night at every comedy club in Manhattan, breaking the record for most sets in one night by a comedian. It is available on iTunes as a podcast for free. In 2006 Comedy Central aired <mask>'s first half-hour special, Comedy Central Presents <mask>. <mask> had a one-hour special on Comedy Central in 2008 titled <mask>'s Happy Hour. On Sunday, July 25, 2010, he had another one-hour special on Comedy Central titled The Byrne Identity.<mask> was also featured on the NBC series The Real Wedding Crashers and a featured comedian on The Tonight Show appearing ten times. He has made appearances on Chappelle's Show, Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn, @midnight, The History Channel's "History of the Joke," Mad TV's 300th episode and Super Bowl promos on CBS with Prince and again with Bill Cowher. His stand-up has been featured on The Late Late Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, Last Call with Carson Daly, BET's ComicView, ABC's Good Morning America as well as Comedy Central's Premium Blend. He has been a featured comic in The Just For Laughs Festival in Montreal, the HBO US Comedy Arts Festival in Las Vegas the TBS Very Funny Festival in Chicago, the TBS Very Funny Festival in Toronto and The CanWest Comedy Fest in Vancouver. He has appeared on the Showtime comedy series Live Nude Comedy and shot a pilot for the G4 Network based on a Japanese Game Show called Drunken Businessman. His Comedy Central Presents Half Hour Special premiered in 2006 and was voted the seventeenth-most-popular Comedy Central Presents by fans as part of the Standup Showdown on comedycentral.com. He also was the winner of the MySpace Standup Or Sitdown competition on TBS.He has had small parts in several films: The Goods: Live Hard, Sell Hard, starring Jeremy Piven and produced by Will Ferrell; Four Christmases, starring Vince Vaughn and Reese Witherspoon; and Couples Retreat, starring Vince Vaughn and Jon Favreau. On July 16, he appeared on Conan. He became a regular on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and has done it 9 times. He filmed his third hour special Feb. 8th in New York City in 2014 called Champion and it's currently streaming on Netflix. He's currently touring and working on the material for his fourth hour special, which will be entitled, Tell the Damn Joke.<mask> wrote and created with Rob Long the comedy Sullivan & Son on TBS that premiered in the summer of 2012. After a very successful summer run with Season One, TBS gave the go ahead for a second season that aired in summer of 2013. The show proved to be a hit with an average of 2.4 million viewers per episode and was brought back for a third season with 13 episodes slated for summer of 2014.The show averaged 2 million viewers. <mask> once again hit the road with the other comedians and co-stars of the show Owen Benjamin, Ahmed Ahmed and Roy Wood Jr. in support of Sullivan & Son thin 2005. He did a show for Comedy Central and the troops at Ft. Irwin in 2006. <mask> embarked on his own USO tour of Afghanistan in June 2008, Japan and Guam in July 2009 and Afghanistan again in 2010. He went back on a USO tour with the other comedians from Sullivan and Son to thank the troops in 2013. He has been part of several national comedy tours including The Jameson Comedy Tour, Vince Vaughn's Wild West Comedy Tour, and The Camel Cigarettes Sin City Tour, and his own national MySpace tour. He has opened for musical acts Kanye West, Mariah Carey on her Charmbracelet Tour, Modest Mouse, Puddle of Mudd, Spoon, Rev.Horton Heat, Kings of Leon and many more. <mask> has toured with The Kims of Comedy with Bobby Lee of Mad TV and Ken Jeong of NBC's Community and The Hangover. In early 2011, he toured nationwide on The Comedy Road Show with Vince Vaughn and Kevin James to promote the film The Dilemma''. In the summer of 2011, he toured on The New Majority Tour with Lisa Lampanelli, Gabriel Iglesias and Russell Peters. Since 2005, <mask> has been headlining comedy clubs across the country. He is currently touring to prepare for his fourth one-hour special. In October 2017, <mask> was the supporting act for The Tenderloins in their "Impractical Jokers: Where's Larry?Tour". Personal life
<mask> is married and has two children. In 2020 <mask> and his family moved from Los Angeles to Nashville. References

External links
Official website
 at Facebook
<mask> at MySpace
 at Twitter
Pittsburgh PG article
<mask> funny podcast interview on The Gentlemen's Club with Caleb Bacon
Levity Entertainment Group
<mask> Interview June 2008
<mask> interview with AsiaXpress.com
<mask> interview with SanDiego.com

1974 births
American stand-up comedians
Living people
American people of Irish descent
American male actors of Korean descent
Male actors from Pittsburgh
Kent State University alumni
21st-century American comedians

masks:
Steve Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Steve
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Steve Byrne
Byrne
Steve Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Steve Byrne
Steve Byrne
Steve Byrne
Steve Byrne
Steve Byrne


title: Maurice Richard

texts:
<mask> "Rocket" <mask>  (; ; August 4, 1921 – May 27, 2000) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Montreal Canadiens. He was the first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in one season, accomplishing the feat in 50 games in 1944–45, and the first to reach 500 career goals. <mask> retired in 1960 as the league's all-time leader in goals with 544. He won the Hart Trophy as the NHL's most valuable player in 1947, played in 13 All-Star Games and was named to 14 post-season NHL All-Star Teams, eight on the First-Team. In 2017 <mask> was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players in history. His younger brother Henri also played his entire career with the Canadiens, the two as teammates for <mask>'s last five years. A centre nicknamed the "Pocket Rocket", Henri is enshrined alongside <mask> in the Hockey Hall of Fame.<mask>, Elmer Lach and Toe Blake formed the "Punch line", a high-scoring forward line of the 1940s. <mask> was a member of eight Stanley Cup championship teams, including a league record five straight between 1956 and 1960; he was the team's captain for the last four. The Hall of Fame waived its five-year waiting period for eligibility and inducted <mask> in 1961. In 1975 he was inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame. The Canadiens retired his number, 9, in 1960, and in 1999 donated the <mask> "Rocket" <mask> Trophy to the NHL, awarded annually to the league's regular season leading goal-scorer. The oldest of eight children, <mask> emerged from a poverty-stricken family during the Great Depression. He was initially viewed as a fragile player.A string of injuries prevented him from joining the Canadian military during the Second World War. Intense, he was renowned for his physical and occasionally violent style of play. <mask> was involved in a vicious on-ice incident late in the 1954–55 season during which he struck a linesman. NHL President Clarence Campbell suspended him for the remainder of the season and playoffs, which precipitated the Richard Riot in Montreal. The riot has taken on a mythical quality in the decades since and is often viewed as a precursor to Quebec's Quiet Revolution. <mask> was a cultural icon among Quebec's francophone population; his legend is a primary motif in Roch Carrier's short story The Hockey Sweater, an emblematic work of Canadian culture. In 1998, <mask> was diagnosed with abdominal cancer and died from the disease two years later.He became the first non-politician honoured by the province of Quebec with a state funeral. Early life
Joseph Henri <mask> was born August 4, 1921, in Montreal, Quebec. His parents, Onésime <mask> and Alice Laramée, were originally from the Gaspé region of Quebec, before moving to Montreal, where they settled in the neighbourhood of Nouveau-Bordeaux. <mask> was the oldest of eight children; he had three sisters: Georgette, Rollande and Marguerite; and four brothers: René, Jacques, Henri and Claude. Onésime was a carpenter by trade, and took a job with the Canadian Pacific Railway shortly after <mask> was born. The Richards struggled during the Great Depression; Onésime lost his job in 1930 and the family relied on government aid until he was re-hired by the railway around 1936. <mask> received his first pair of ice skates when he was four, and grew up skating on local rivers and a small backyard ice surface his father created.He did not play organized hockey until he was 14. Instead, <mask> developed his skills playing shinny and "hog" – a game that required the puck carrier to keep the puck away from others for as long as possible. While he also played baseball and was a boxer, hockey was his passion. After he began playing in organized leagues, <mask> joined several teams and used pseudonyms such as "<mask>" to circumvent rules that restricted players to one team. In one league, he led his team to three consecutive championships and scored 133 of his team's 144 goals in the 1938–39 season. At 16, <mask> dropped out of school to work with his father as a machinist. He enrolled in a technical school, intent on earning a trade certificate.At 18, <mask> joined the Verdun Juniors, though as a rookie he saw little ice time in the regular season. He scored four goals in ten regular season games, and added six goals in four playoff games as Verdun won the provincial championship. He was promoted to the Montreal Canadiens' affiliate in the Quebec Senior Hockey League in 1940, but suffered a broken ankle in his first game after crashing into the boards and missed the remainder of the season. The injury also aborted his hopes of joining the Canadian military: he was called to a recruitment centre in mid-1941, but was deemed unfit for combat. Off the ice, <mask> was a quiet, unassuming youth who spoke little. He met his future wife Lucille Norchet when he was seventeen, when she was nearly fourteen. She was the younger sister of one of his teammates at Bordeaux, and her bright, outgoing personality complemented <mask>'s reserved nature.Lucille proved adept at guiding him through trials and disappointments he experienced in both hockey and life. They were engaged when he was 20, and though her parents felt she was too young, married on September 12, 1942, when she was seventeen. Playing career

First Stanley Cup

Having recovered from his broken ankle in time for the 1941–42 season, <mask> returned to the QSHL Canadiens, with whom he played 31 games and recorded 17 points before he was again injured. He suffered a broken wrist after becoming entangled with a defenceman and crashed into the net. <mask> rejoined the team for the playoffs. The skills he demonstrated in the QSHL, combined with the NHL parent club's loss of players to the war and struggles to draw fans due to its poor record and a lack of francophone players, earned <mask> a tryout with the Canadiens for the 1942–43 season. He signed a contract worth $3,500 for the year and, wearing sweater number 15, made his NHL debut with the team.<mask>'s first goal was against the New York Rangers on November 8, 1942. Injury again sidelined <mask> as his rookie season ended after only 16 games when he suffered a broken leg. The string of broken bones so early in his career left observers wondering if <mask> was too fragile to play at the highest levels. He made a second attempt to enlist with the military but was again turned down after x-rays revealed that his bones had not healed properly; <mask>'s ankle was left permanently deformed, forcing him to alter his skating style. Humiliated by the rejection, he intensified his training and reported to Montreal's training camp for the 1943–44 season fully healthy. The arrival of his daughter Huguette prompted <mask> to change his uniform to number 9 to match her birth weight of nine pounds. Remaining healthy throughout the season, <mask> appeared in 46 of Montreal's 50 games.He led the Canadiens with 32 goals and tallied 54 points, third-best in his team. His first full NHL season not only ended the criticism about his ability to play in the league, but established him as one of the best young players in the league. Coach Dick Irvin shifted him from left wing to right and put him on a forward line with Toe Blake and Elmer Lach. The trio, known as the "Punch line", formed a dominant scoring unit throughout the 1940s. The Canadiens lost only six games after October, and went on to win the franchise's first Stanley Cup championship in 13 years. <mask> led the league with 12 playoff goals, including a five-goal effort against the Toronto Maple Leafs in a semi-final game. He tied Newsy Lalonde's NHL record for goals in one playoff game (equalled by three players since), which resulted in his being named first, second and third star of the game, as chosen by journalist Charles Mayer.<mask> was named a second team All-Star following the season. It was the first of 14 consecutive years he was named a league all-star. 50 goals in 50 games
The 1944–45 NHL season was a record-setting one for <mask>. He first set a new mark for points in one game when he made five goals and three assists in a 9–1 victory over the Detroit Red Wings on December 28, 1944; his eight points broke the previous record of seven held by three players, and stood for 32 years until surpassed in 1976 by Darryl Sittler. <mask> achieved the feat despite arriving for the game exhausted from moving into his new home that afternoon. He continued scoring at an unprecedented rate, and by February 1945 was approaching Joe Malone's 27-year-old NHL record, set in 1918, of 44 goals in one season. <mask> broke the record on February 25, 1945, in a 5–2 victory over Toronto.Malone was on hand to present <mask> with the puck used to score the 45th goal. As <mask> approached 50 goals for the season, opposition players resorted to increasingly violent efforts to prevent him from scoring. He had to fight past slashes, hooks, and even players who draped themselves across his back. <mask> went eight games without scoring and began Montreal's final regular season game, March 18, on the road against the Boston Bruins with 49 goals. He finally reached the milestone by scoring with 2:15 remaining in the game, a 4–2 Montreal win. He became the first player to score 50 goals, a record that would stand until the 1960–61 season, when fellow Canadien, Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion scored 50 goals in 64 regular season games. <mask>'s mark would not actually be surpassed until Bobby Hull scored 54 goals in 65 games while playing for the Chicago Blackhawks during the 1965–66 season.His mark of 50 goals in 50 games also became a standard that remains one of the most celebrated achievements in NHL history, unmatched until 36 years later when Mike Bossy did it in 1981 – the first of only four players to match <mask>'s 50-in-50, in the more than 70 years since <mask> set the mark. <mask> finished the season with 73 points, seven behind Lach and six ahead of Blake, as the Punch line finished first, second and third in league scoring. <mask> finished second in the voting for the Hart Trophy as league MVP behind Lach. <mask>'s critics argued that his scoring record was the result of talent dilution brought about by the war; when many players returned in 1945–46, he won his second Stanley Cup with Montreal, but his goal output was nearly halved to 27. <mask> again reached lofty scoring totals in 1946–47, leading the league with 45 goals in a 60-game season and winning the Hart Trophy as the league's most valuable player for the only time of his career. He finished second or third in the Hart Trophy voting a further five times in his career. Opponents continued their attempts to drive <mask> to anger or frustration, as they had learned he could be goaded into taking himself out of the game by violently retaliating and fighting.One such incident occurred in the 1947 Stanley Cup Finals when <mask> received a match penalty for striking Toronto's Bill Ezinicki over the head with his stick in a game two loss. <mask> was suspended for the third game of the series, which the Maple Leafs won. As the reigning most valuable player, <mask> sought a pay raise prior to the 1947–48 season. General manager Frank Selke refused, even after <mask> and team captain Émile Bouchard both sat out the Canadiens' preseason before capitulating and returning to the team when the season began. The Punch line was broken up after Blake suffered a career-ending leg injury. <mask>'s season also ended early as he missed the final games of the season due to a knee injury. He finished second in team scoring with 53 points in 53 games, but Montreal missed the playoffs.After recording only 38 points in 1948–49, <mask> posted a 65-point campaign the next season and his 43 goals led the NHL for the third time. In 1950–51, <mask> scored 42 goals, including his 271st career goal, making him Montreal's all-time goal leader. All-time scoring leader

<mask> missed over 20 games of the 1951–52 season due to injury, but overcame another ailment in the playoffs. In the seventh and deciding game of the semi-final against Boston, <mask> was checked by Leo Labine and briefly knocked unconscious after he fell and struck his head on Bill Quackenbush's knee. Though clearly dazed, <mask> returned to the game late in the third period after a large cut above his eye was stitched up. Canadiens coach Dick Irvin sent <mask> back onto the ice in the final minutes of the contest, despite knowing <mask> had suffered a concussion. <mask> scored the winning goal in a 2–1 victory that sent Montreal to the 1952 Stanley Cup Finals.Following the game, a bloodied and still disoriented <mask> was photographed shaking the hand of Boston goaltender Jim Henry, who was also showing symptoms of injuries from the series and who appeared to be bowing to <mask> following the Montreal player's "unconscious goal". The photograph by Roger St. Jean is among the most famous images of <mask>. In the final, Montreal lost to Detroit in four straight games. The 1952–53 season began with <mask> in close pursuit of Nels Stewart's all-time NHL record of 324 goals. <mask> tied the record in Toronto on October 29, 1952, by scoring two goals against the Maple Leafs; his achievement earned a rousing ovation from Montreal's rival fans. He failed to score in his following three games as frenzied fans followed each contest in anticipation of the record-breaking marker. In his fourth try, a November 8 game against Chicago, <mask> scored his 325th goal at the 10:01 mark of the second period.According to the Montreal Gazette, the ovation <mask> received from his fans "shook the rafters" of the Montreal Forum. He finished the season with team-leading totals of 61 points and 28 goals – becoming the first player in NHL history to score at least 20 goals in his first ten full seasons. Aided by <mask>'s 7 goals in 12 playoff games, the Canadiens defeated Boston in the 1953 Stanley Cup Finals to capture Montreal's first Stanley Cup championship since 1946. <mask> led the league in goals for the fourth time in his career with 37 in 1953–54, then for a fifth time in 1954–55 with 38 (shared with Bernie Geoffrion). He scored his 400th career goal on December 18, 1954, against Chicago. <mask> Riot

Opposition players continued to try to stop <mask> through physical intimidation, and he often retaliated with equal force. The situation led to a running feud with NHL President Clarence Campbell.<mask> had been fined numerous times by Campbell for on-ice incidents and at one point was forced to post a $1,000 "good-behaviour bond" after he criticized Campbell in a weekly column he helped author for Samedi-Dimanche. <mask> was among many in Quebec who believed that Campbell treated French Canadian players more harshly than their English counterparts. The simmering dispute erupted after an incident in the Canadiens' March 13, 1955, game against Boston, when Hal Laycoe struck <mask> in the head with his stick. <mask> retaliated by slashing viciously at Laycoe's head, then punched linesman Cliff Thompson when the official attempted to intervene. Boston police attempted to arrest <mask> for assault following the incident, but Montreal coaching staff and teammates refused police entry in protest.

masks:
Joseph Henri Maurice
Richard
Richard
Richard
Maurice
Maurice
Richard
Richard
Richard
Maurice
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Maurice Richard
Richard
Maurice
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Maurice Rochon
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title: Maurice Richard

texts:
 Following two days of deliberation, Campbell announced that he had suspended <mask> – who was leading the NHL's overall scoring race at the time – for the remainder of the regular season and the playoffs. In English Canada, Campbell was praised for doing what he could to control the erratic <mask>.Unknown to most at the time, Campbell had long wanted to impose a lengthy suspension on <mask> over his previous outbursts. As NHL president however, Campbell ultimately answered to the league's owners and they were reluctant to see such severe discipline imposed against one of the league's star players on account of their value in increasing game attendance. In French Quebec the suspension was viewed as an injustice, an unfair punishment given to a Francophone hero by the Anglophone establishment. <mask>'s supporters reacted angrily to Campbell: he received several death threats and, upon taking his customary seat at the next Canadiens game, unruly fans pelted him with vegetables, eggs and other debris. One fan threw a tear gas bomb at Campbell, which resulted in the Forum's evacuation and the game's forfeiture in Detroit's favour. Fans fleeing the arena were met by a large group of demonstrators who had massed outside prior to the game's start. The mob of over 20,000 people developed into a riot.Windows and doors were smashed at the Forum and surrounding businesses. By the following morning, between 65 and 70 had been arrested. Over 50 stores were looted and 37 people injured. Damage was estimated at $100,000 ($ in  dollars). <mask> had also attended the game, but left immediately following the forfeit. Frank Selke attempted to persuade him to return to try to disperse the crowd, but <mask> refused, fearing that he would instead further inflame the passions of the mob. He took to the radio the next day asking for calm: "Do no more harm.Get behind the team in the playoffs. I will take my punishment and come back next year and help the club and the younger players to win the Cup." The suspension cost <mask> the Art Ross Trophy as the leading point scorer in the league, which he lost to teammate Geoffrion by one point. <mask> never won the point title, finishing second five times in his career. Montreal fans booed Geoffrion when he surpassed <mask> on the final day of the regular season. The fans continued to jeer Geoffrion into the following season. Montreal reached and lost the 1955 Stanley Cup Finals four games to three without <mask>.The defeat was a bitter loss for <mask>, who struggled to control his anger. Captain of a dynasty
<mask> fulfilled his promise to Canadiens' fans, made in his post-riot radio address, by leading Montreal to a Stanley Cup championship in 1955–56 – the start of a still unprecedented 5 consecutive Stanley Cup victories by one team. The season began with the arrival of his young brother and future fellow NHL Hall of Famer Henri, a centre given the nickname the "Pocket Rocket" to the Canadiens roster. It also marked the return of his former Punch line teammate, Toe Blake, as head coach. Along with general manager Frank Selke, Blake worked with <mask> on moderating his temper and responding to the provocation of his opponents by scoring goals rather than engaging in fisticuffs. <mask> finished the season with 38 goals and 71 points, second on the team in both respects to Jean Béliveau's 47 goals and 88 points. <mask> added 14 points in 10 playoff games as Montreal defeated Detroit to claim the Stanley Cup.He scored the second and ultimately Cup-clinching goal in the fifth and final game, a 3–1 victory. Entering his 15th NHL season in 1956–57, <mask>'s teammates named him captain of the Canadiens, succeeding Émile Bouchard, who had retired prior to the season. With 33 goals and 62 points, <mask> again finished second on the team to Béliveau. In the playoffs, he scored the overtime-winning goal in the fifth game of the semi-final to eliminate New York, then scored four goals in a 5–1 victory over Boston in the first game of the finals en route to a five-game series win and second consecutive championship for Montreal. <mask> reached a major scoring milestone early in the 1957–58 season. During the first period of a 3–1 victory over Chicago on October 19, 1957, he became the first player in NHL history to score 500 goals in his career. As <mask> celebrated with his teammates, it was announced to the Montreal Forum crowd: "Canadiens' goal, scored by Mr. Hockey himself, <mask>".He played only 28 regular season games that season, scoring 34 points, as he missed three months due to a severed Achilles tendon. Returning in time for the playoffs, <mask> led Montreal with 11 goals and 15 points as the team won its third consecutive Stanley Cup. He scored the overtime-winning goal in the fifth game of the finals against Boston. It was the sixth playoff overtime-winning goal of his career, and the third during the finals, both NHL records. At 37, <mask> was the oldest player in the NHL in 1958–59. He scored 38 points in 42 games, but missed six weeks due to a broken ankle. Injuries again plagued <mask> during the 1959–60 season as he missed a month due to a broken cheekbone.Montreal nonetheless won the Stanley Cup in both seasons. <mask> scored no points in four games in the 1959 Stanley Cup Finals, but recorded a goal and three assists in 1960. The titles were the seventh and eighth of <mask>'s career, and Montreal's five consecutive championships remain a record. The 1956–60 Canadiens rank as one of eight dynasties recognized by the NHL. The playoff goal was <mask>'s last, as on September 15, 1960, he announced his retirement as a player. <mask> had reported to Montreal's training camp that autumn, but Selke compelled <mask> to end his playing career, fearing he was risking serious injury. In <mask>'s retirement speech, he said he had been contemplating leaving the game for two years, and stated that at age 39, the game had become too fast for him.Upon learning of <mask>'s retirement, Gordie Howe offered praise for his former rival: "He sure was a drawing card. He brought in the crowds that helped pay our wages. <mask> certainly has been one of the greatest players in the game and we will miss him." Playing style
<mask> was nicknamed "the Comet" early in his career. When teammate Ray Getliffe remarked that <mask> "went in like a rocket" as he approached the opposition goal, <mask> was dubbed "The Rocket" by a local sportswriter; both Baz O'Meara from the Montreal Star and Dink Carroll of the Montreal Gazette have been credited for the appellation. The nickname described <mask>'s play in terms of speed, strength, and determination. Teammate and coach Toe Blake said the moniker was fitting because "when he would take off, nothing got in his way that could stop him".Goaltender Jacques Plante declared it one of the most appropriate nicknames given to an athlete, noting the fierce intensity that often showed in <mask>'s eyes and comparing it to "the rocket's red glare" referenced in "The Star-Spangled Banner". Glenn Hall agreed: "What I remember most about Rocket was his eyes. When he came flying toward you with the puck on his stick, his eyes were all lit up, flashing and gleaming like a pinball machine. It was terrifying." The prime of <mask>'s career was the era immediately following the Second World War, where battle-hardened players returned to the NHL and implemented a "gladiatorial" style that featured rugged, physical and often violent play. <mask>'s own temper was infamous, as illustrated by his actions that precipitated the Richard Riot. A pure goal-scorer, <mask> did not play with finesse, nor was he known for his passing.One of his teammates remarked that "<mask> wouldn't even pass you the salt". <mask> led the NHL in goals five times, but never in points. He was best known for dashing toward the net from the blue line and was equally adept at scoring from his forehand or backhand. His exploits revived a Montreal Canadiens franchise that had struggled to draw fans in the 1930s. In addition to his 14 appearances on a post-season all-star team (eight on the first team, six on the second), <mask> played in 13 consecutive NHL All-Star Games between 1947 and 1959. <mask> was still an active player when Gordie Howe overtook his career record for points. Howe surpassed <mask>'s career mark of 544 goals in 1963, while the latter's record of 50 goals in one season stood for 20 years until broken by Bobby Hull in 1965.The Montreal Canadiens donated the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy to the NHL in 1999 as an award presented annually to the league's leading goal scorer. Personal life
Upon his retirement as a player, Selke offered <mask> a job as a team ambassador and promised to pay him his full playing salary in the first year. After serving in the position for three years, <mask> was named a vice-president of the Canadiens in 1964. He became disgruntled with a role he felt was powerless and only honorary, and resigned one year later. <mask> grew estranged from the organization as his desire to be involved in the team's operations was ignored, and the split deepened when the Canadiens forced Frank Selke to retire in 1965. He eventually refused to allow his name to be associated with the team. As <mask> struggled both with the need to find a purpose to his post-retirement life and the fear of being forgotten, he attached his name to numerous endeavours.He acted as a consulting editor for a magazine titled <mask>'s Hockey Illustrated, owned the "544 / 9 Tavern" (named for his career goal total and sweater number) in Montreal, and was a pitchman for dozens of products, including beer, hair dye, car batteries, fishing tackle and children's toys. He continued to use his name as a promotional vehicle for over 30 years after his retirement. <mask> briefly returned to hockey in 1972 as head coach for the Quebec Nordiques of the World Hockey Association. He lasted only two games, a win and a loss, before finding himself unable to handle the strain of coaching. <mask> reconciled with the Canadiens in 1981 and resumed his team ambassador role. <mask> and his wife, Lucille, lived in Montreal where they raised seven children: Huguette, <mask>., Norman, André, Suzanne, Polo and Jean. They had 14 grandchildren.Lucille died of cancer in 1994, two years after the <mask> celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. <mask>'s companion late in his life was Sonia Raymond. Illness and death

It was announced in 1998 that <mask> was diagnosed with abdominal cancer. He died from the disease two years later on May 27, 2000 and was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal. Prior to game 1 of the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals between the New Jersey Devils and Dallas Stars, there was a short tribute video highlighting the great moments and legacy of <mask>'s career. Legacy
Numerous honours were bestowed upon <mask> throughout and following his career: the Canadian Press named him its male athlete of the year on three occasions, and in 1957, <mask> won the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's athlete of the year. The Canadiens retired his sweater number 9 in 1960, while the Hockey Hall of Fame waived its five-year waiting period after retirement and inducted him in 1961.That same year, the 5,000-seat <mask> Arena was built and named in his honour. Upon the creation of the Order of Canada in 1967, <mask> was named one of the inaugural members and, in 1998, was elevated to the rank of Companion of the Order of Canada. Canada's Sports Hall of Fame honoured him in 1975, and <mask> was given a star on Canada's Walk of Fame in 1999. He was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada in 1992. While he was a popular player throughout Canada, <mask> was an icon within Quebec. Author Roch Carrier explained the passion <mask> elicited from the fans in his 1979 Canadian-classic short story The Hockey Sweater. Carrier wrote of how he and his friends all emulated <mask>'s style and mannerisms: "we were five <mask> against five other <mask>, throwing themselves on the puck.We were ten players all wearing the uniform of the Montreal Canadiens, all with the same burning enthusiasm. We all wore the famous number 9 on our backs." The story's publication, and subsequent adaptation into a National Film Board animated short helped entrench <mask>'s image as a pan-Canadian icon. <mask>'s popularity persisted late into his life: when introduced as part of the ceremonies following the final hockey game at the Montreal Forum, <mask> was brought to tears by Canadiens' fans, who acknowledged him with an 11-minute standing ovation. Upon his death, the province of Quebec honoured <mask> with a state funeral, a first in Quebec for a non-politician. Over 115,000 people paid their respects by viewing his lying in state at the Molson Centre. The Richard Riot has achieved a mythical place in Canadian folklore.The riot is commonly viewed as a violent manifestation of the discontent Francophones within Quebec held with their place in largely Anglophone Canada, and some historians consider the riot to be a precursor to the 1960s Quiet Revolution. In its 40th anniversary retrospective of the Riot, Montreal newspaper La Presse opened with the following passage: "Forty years ago began one of the most dramatic episodes in the history of Quebec, and of hockey." <mask> himself publicly dismissed his role as a catalyst for cultural or political change. In a 1975 interview, he said he played with "English boys" and was largely unaware of the situation in French Quebec at the time. In an article published four days after the riot, journalist André Laurendeau was the first to suggest that it was a sign of growing nationalism in Quebec. Laurendeau suggested the riot "betrayed what lay behind the apparent indifference and long-held passiveness of French Canadians". In contrast, in his book The Rocket: A Cultural History of <mask> Richard, Benoît Melançon disputes the importance of the riot, stating its perceived importance in history grew retroactively with <mask>'s myth.Melançon wrote: "According to this popular narrative, for the first time the people of Quebec stood up for themselves; especially English Canada delights in anachronistically announcing that this was the beginning of the 1960s Quiet Revolution." <mask> is the subject of the 2005 biopic The Rocket. Career statistics

* Stanley Cup Champion. Awards and honours

See also

 List of family relations in the NHL
 List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game

References

Footnotes

General

Career statistics:

External links

"Rocket" <mask>: The Legend – The Legacy – Canadian Museum of History

1921 births
2000 deaths
Burials at Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian people of French descent
Companions of the Order of Canada
French Quebecers
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Lou Marsh Trophy winners
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Montreal Canadiens players
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League players with retired numbers
Officers of the National Order of Quebec
People from Ahuntsic-Cartierville
Quebec Nordiques coaches
Sportspeople from Montreal
Stanley Cup

masks:
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
Richard
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Maurice Richard
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