title: Goedele Liekens

texts:
<mask> (born 21 January 1963 in Aarschot) is a Belgian politician, sexologist and television presenter, currently serving as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for the party Open VLD, to which she was elected in 2019. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Begijnendijk,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/nbna24062002_006|title=Ik, een tuttebel uit Begijnendijk|website=Het Nieuwsblad}}</ref> a rural village in Flanders near a city with the same name. She studied psychology at the Free University of Brussels and did her internship in a prison, where she worked with inmates being condemned to lifelong sentences. She gained national fame when she was elected Miss Belgium in 1986, in particular, due to her rebellious behavior during the following Miss Universe election taking place in Panama, where she refused to shake hands with the head of state, General Manuel Noriega, saying that he ‘led an incorrect and faulty regime’. Subsequently, Liekens studied for and obtained a master's degree in clinical and adult psychology from the University of Brussels. Career

Initial television career
The very next day after one of her first television appearances (RUR) as Miss Belgium, Goedele was asked by the Dutch National TV (VARA) to lead her own talkshow. This was the start of a long list of talkshows in Belgium and Holland named ‘<mask>’, Goedele Live, Goedele de dingen die gebeuren, Goedele op dinsdag, Goedele On Top...for decennia long.When in 1989, the first Flemish commercial broadcasting channel (VTM) went on air, Liekens was offered an exclusive contract . She was their leading lady for more than 15 years with top rating talkshows on social and emotional topics and the very successful debate program ‘Recht Van Antwoord’ (the right to answer) . She started her own production company, Jok Foe producing her celebrated programs,  which she sold at Sanoma NV in 2007. After that she mainly hosted shows for Dutch TV and the United Kingdom. Sexologist
Whilst working for TV and radio, Liekens specialized as Psychologist by studying Family and Sexologist Sciences at the Medical Faculty Catholic University of Leuven, where she graduated in 2003. From 1992 until 1996, she closely worked at Rutgers,  an international centre of expertise on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) at The Hague, as a policy advisor and sexologist. Later on she worked privately as a therapist and counselor.She continued her walk of fame internationally, applying her academic expertise within the world of media and television. . She presented the taboo-challenging call-in radio show named De Lieve Lust (The Sweet Desire) on National Public Radio (Studio Brussel) from 1991  until 1997, she presented a celebrated call-in TV show Vanavond niet schat (Not tonight, honey, 94-97 VTM) in Belgium and more or less the same show in the Netherlands Let's talk about sex, SBS6 95-97) That same year, she produced the video series Sex, love and desire, a self-help video series on the most common sexual disfunctions. UNFPA
In 1999 Kofi Annan appointed Liekens a (honorary) Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). She has traveled the world since then to advocate Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) with issues such as safe motherhood, women's empowerment, birth control, the challenge of vaginal fistulas, early marriage  and the amelioration of sexual education in developing countries. In 2001, she visited Botswana to observe and to witness the consequences of HIV. She reported these observations at a UN conference and the European Parliament. A year later, she travelled to Afghanistan to contribute the reproductive health of Afghan women. She made a series of documentaries on those topics Strong Women,  14 episodes broadcast on national commercial TV (VTM).Later television work
While Liekens continued to enhance her knowledge as a sexologist, the presence of the topic of sex within her television work decreased. She of course still appeared as professional sexologist in a variety of television shows, but the ones she presented were given a different undertone. She for instance presented a couple of more generic talk show and hosted the debate program called Recht van Antwoord (Right to answer)  covering numerous societal items. In 2001, Liekens performed as a presentator at De Zwakste Schakel, a Flemish version of the British The Weakest Link. After a dozen of episodes, the quiz was taken off screen. Afterwards, Liekens declared not to have been happy within the role of being a strict, severe quiz master, as the format had asked her to be. In 2007 <mask> sold her production company JokFoe to Sanoma and therefor worked for the Belgian SBS media group.At first, she only made programs for VT4, but later onwards, she would also work for VIJFtv. Her first project was the program named Smarter Than A Ten Year Old?, which was a quiz in which adults had to answer questions originally made for ten year olds. She was also seen as the captain of the female team in The Strong Gender. In 2013, Liekens signed an exclusive contract at the biggest Dutch commercial channel (RTL 4), where she was a weekly expert at their successful  talk show RTL Late Night. She was one of the hosts of their program named  Divorce Hotel, about relationship counselling for couples on the verge of divorce, appeared as an expert at The Worst Husband Ever. She was co-hosting the couples love-education program Sex Academy with  Nicolette Kluijver. In 2016 and 2017 she hosted a couples retreat program (Goedele On Top, RTL 5)  mainly filmed at Bonaire.In the spring of 2018, Liekens presented a talkshow evolving around Temptation Island, broadcast by VIJFtv. Channel 4
In August 2015, Liekens was asked by the British Channel 4 to create and present Sex in Class, a programme filming her while she was giving her typical comprehensive and open sex education, not only focusing on the dangers of sex but also discussing sexual pleasure. The program showed British students to be severely lacking trustworthy information with regard to responsible and fun sexuality, a deficit which they intended to fill through porn. Within the framework of her commitments as a UNPFA Ambassador, Liekens earlier on already advocated for an amelioration of sexual knowledge and education as a crucial part of reproductive health. After the episode of Sex in Class, she pleaded to broaden the curriculum of the British secondary education and its final qualifications by implementing a thorough and broad sexual educational package. Although controversial at first the show was an enormous success and newspapers as The Times and The Guardian'' screamed for 'more of this' and to 'clone teacher Goedele'. Political career
In March 2019, Liekens announced her candidacy in the federal elections of 2019, holding the third place on the list of liberal party Open VLD.She was subsequently elected as a Member of the Chamber of Representatives, receiving nearly 16,000 preferential votes. Printed Media
Starting from 1993, Liekens published eight bestselling books, mostly covering the topic of sexuality, including ‘The Vagina Book’ in 2005 and ‘The Penis Book’ one year later. Followed by ‘The Orgasm book’, ‘Our sexbook, SOS Sex, and lately The Sex Bibble. On the occasion of her work for the UN, ‘Strong Women’ was issued in 2010. She also wrote columns for different kinds of magazines (Playboy, Joepie, Goed Gevoel, Wendy, Margriet, and  newspapers (Het Laatste Nieuws, Nina)

Goedele MAGAZINE and GDL
In 2008 Sanoma Magazines started GOEDELE MAGAZINE’,  a monthly Glossy magazine about psychology, society, relationships and international topics . Together with Danny Illegems, Liekens led the editorial office. The fourth edition sold over more than 70,000 copies.Due to a switch towards television,  Sanoma was forced to cut expenses and stopped the magazine. After a withdrawal from the publishing company Sanoma, Liekens continued to make another eight editions in 2012 and 2013 of a second succeeding magazine, named GDL. Television shows
<mask> Liekens had a leading role in the following televisions shows:

Bibliography
1993 - 69 vragen over seks, waar je nooit het juiste antwoord op kreeg
2005 - Het vaginaboek
2006 - Het penisboek
2008 - Ons Seksboek
2009 - SOS Seks
2010 - Sterke Vrouwen
2011 - Haar Orgasmeboek
2012 - Start 2 sex
2015 - Superseks in 10 stappen
2016 - Help, mijn kind denkt aan seks! 2017 - Herwerkte versie van Het Vagina Boek
2019 - Het seksboek
2020 - WorldWideWet

Personal life
In 1996, Liekens married Chris Cockmartin, with whom she has two daughters. The couple divorced in 2006, but continued to run their production company Jok Foe together until 2009. In popular culture
<mask> Liekens was portrayed as the character "Goedele Liefkens" in the Van Rossem-comic book (1991) by Erik Meynen. She also appeared in the comic book series ‘De Geverniste Vernepelingskes’ by Urbanus and Jan Bosschaert.In 2013 the word ‘sukkelseks’ (roughly translated as ‘clumsy sex’), coined by Liekens, was officially registered in the Van Dale Dictionary. References

External links
 Personal website
 General website

1963 births
Belgian psychologists
Belgian women psychologists
Women radio presenters
Belgian radio presenters
Belgian sexologists
Belgian women television presenters
Flemish television presenters
Flemish women writers
Free University of Brussels alumni
Living people
Miss Belgium winners
Miss Universe 1986 contestants
Miss World 1986 delegates
Members of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten politicians
People from Aarschot
Beauty queen-politicians

masks:
Goedele Maria Gertrude Liekens
Liekens
Goedele
Liekens
Goedele
Goedele


title: Rudolph Ganz

type: original

texts:
<mask> (24 February 1877 – 2 August 1972) was a Swiss-born American pianist, conductor, composer, and music educator. Career

Early career as a pianist and conductor
Born in Zurich, Ganz studied cello with Friedrich Hegar and piano with Robert Freund at the Zürich Musikschule. He also took composition lessons with Charles Blanchet at the Lausanne Conservatory (de). From 1897 to 1898, Ganz studied piano with Fritz Blumer in Strasbourg, and from 1899 to 1900 with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin and Weimar and composition with Heinrich Urban in Berlin. On 7 December 1899, he made his piano debut with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra; and on 14 April 1900, his conducting debut with this orchestra in the world premiere of his own Symphony No. 1 in E major. In May, Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr. visited Berlin and invited Ganz to join the piano department of the Chicago Musical College.In August 1900, Ganz moved to Chicago. Ganz joined the piano department and became a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Musical College from fall 1900 through spring 1905. On March 20, 1903, Ganz made his American orchestral debut as soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Theodore Thomas in the first Chicago performance of Vincent d'Indy's Symphony No. 1, at the Auditorium Theatre. On 5 March 1905, in a Chicago recital at the Music Hall, Fine Arts Building (Chicago), Ganz became the first pianist to perform Maurice Ravel's music (Jeux d'eau (Ravel)) in the United States (Harold Bauer played a first Boston performance of Jeux d'eau on 4 December 1905). From fall 1905 to spring 1908 Ganz lived in New York City and began concert tours throughout North America, Europe, and Cuba. On 8 November 1907, in New York's Mendelssohn Hall, Ganz played the American premiere of Maurice Ravel's Oiseaux tristes and Barque sur l'ocean (from Miroirs, 1905).In 1908 he moved to Berlin to teach and concertize. He played first Berlin performances of Vincent d'Indy and Béla Bartók and first London performances of Maurice Ravel and John Alden Carpenter. His Berlin pupils included Chicago pianist Edward Joseph Collins, St. Louis pianist Leo C. Miller, Kansas City pianist and later Ganz's assistant Mollie Margolies, Norwegian pianist Nils Larsen, and American composers Charles Haubiel and Edward Ballantine. In 1913 Ganz began recording piano rolls for Welte-Mignon and Duo-Art, and in 1916 for Pathé. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Ganz returned to New York City and taught at the Institute of Musical Art (later The Juilliard School). In 1920 in Carnegie Hall, he conducted the New York Philharmonic in his own performance of Franz Liszt's E-flat Major Piano Concerto, using the Aeolian Company's Duo-Art reproducing Weber grand piano and becoming the first pianist to conduct an orchestra for the concerto in which he played by piano roll. Later career as conductor and music educator
From 1921 to 1927 he was the conductor of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra and did much to raise it to the top rank of orchestras.As the fourth conductor of this orchestra <mask> was responsible for building and educating a new symphonic audience. The orchestra's first recordings, innovative children's and young people's concerts, as well as extensive spring tours to the Midwest, South, and Southwest were the sources for this new audience. During his six seasons twenty-one percent of the music presented comprised first St. Louis performances. They included Maurice Ravel's Rapsodie espagnole, Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 4, Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome, Ralph Vaughan Williams's London Symphony, Richard Strauss's A Hero's Life, Igor Stravinsky's Firebird Suite, Leo Sowerby's Suite From Northland, and Arthur Honegger's Pastorale d'été (American premiere). While in St. Louis, he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity in 1924 at the University of Missouri. In 1928 he returned to teach at the Chicago Musical College, serving as its president from 1934 to 1954, but he continued to maintain a national presence.From 1930 to 1933 Ganz founded and conducted the National Little Symphony (renamed the National Chamber Symphony) sponsored by NBC to promote contemporary music. He led the Omaha Symphony Orchestra from 1936 to 1941. From 1939 to 1948 he was permanent conductor of the Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic and San Francisco Symphony orchestras, and from 1944 to 1946, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. From 1946 to 1948, he was music director of the Grand Rapids Symphony in Grand Rapids, Michigan, which was a community orchestra at the time. On 20 February 1941, Ganz performed his own Piano Concerto in E-flat major, Op. 32, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Frederick Stock, its world premiere. The work was commissioned by Frederick Stock for the fiftieth anniversary of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Most of Ganz's musical compositions are held at The Newberry Library. Legacy
Ganz was active in the promotion of new music throughout his career. Ferruccio Busoni, Christian Sinding, Charles Griffes, and Alexander Tcherepnin, among others, dedicated works to Ganz. In 1923 he received the Légion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated "Scarbo" the third part of his composition Gaspard de la Nuit to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc.Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, "Take whatever you want to perform." They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair. Ganz's students during the 1930s and 1940s included John La Montaine (composer), Hans Moldenhauer, Joseph Bloch (pianist, Alkan scholar, and professor at The Juilliard School), Dorothy Donegan (jazz pianist), Edward Gordon (executive director of the Ravinia Festival), Wanda Paul (pianist and faculty member at Northwestern University), and Robert McDowell (pianist and faculty member at Chicago Musical College). Other students included Dean Sanders (Professor Emeritus, School of Music at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Deniz Arman Gelenbe (Professor and Chair Emeritus at the Trinity-Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in London), Audley Wasson (1915-2001), Marion Edna Hall (1910–2012), who taught for many years at the University of Indiana's Jacobs School of Music, Lucy Scarbrough (pianist and conductor), Abby Whiteside, Evelyn Hora, Gena Branscombe, Beatrice Sharp Karan (1918–1909), Evelyn (Wilgus) Lewis, Ilse Gerda Wunsch, Adrian Lerner Newman Goldman, Vera Bradford Arne Sorensen, Sheldon Shkolnik, Jeffrey Siegel, and Ludmila Lazar.<mask> died in Chicago at the age of 95. A newspaper headline read, "A Last link with Liszt passes on". Family
<mask> was the son of <mask>, Sr., and Sophie Bartenfeld. He had three brothers: Paul, Emil, and Hans. Ganz married American soprano Mary Forrest in 1900, in Berlin. They had a son, Anton Roy <mask>, born in 1903, who later served as Swiss Ambassador to the Soviet Union. After Mary Forrest <mask> died in 1956, Ganz married Esther LaBerge, who was a concert singer and associate professor of voice at Chicago Musical College, in 1959.Esther LaBerge <mask> had one daughter, Jeanne Colette Collester, a professor of art history. Esther LaBerge <mask> died in 2007. References

External links

 <mask> Papers at the Newberry Library
 Ganz: Piano Concerto in E-Flat Major / La Montaine: Piano Concerto No. 4 (Cedille Records)
 Ganz at the piano, performing his '7 Klavierstücke' (at YouTube.com)

1877 births
1972 deaths
American classical composers
American classical pianists
American conductors (music)
American male classical composers
American male conductors (music)
American male pianists
American people of Swiss-German descent
Male classical pianists
Male conductors (music)
People from Zürich
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Swiss classical composers
Swiss classical pianists
Swiss emigrants to the United States
Swiss male classical composers
Swiss conductors (music)

masks:
Rudolph Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Rudolph Ganz
Rudolf Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Rudolph Ganz


title: Bob Bradley (wrestler)

texts:
Robert Markovich is a retired American professional wrestler better knownby his ring name <mask> and the second Battle Kat. He wrestled for the World Wrestling Federation, World Class Championship Wrestling, the Universal Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling, All Japan Pro Wrestling, and the National Wrestling Conference. Professional wrestling career

World Wrestling Federation (1982-1988)
After being trained by "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka, Markovich began his career in 1982, appearing at a World Wrestling Federation taping on June 1, 1982 in Allentown, PA. There he wrestled and was defeated by noted wrestler and trainer  Larry Sharpe. Wrestling as "<mask>", he would continue to make appearances at tapings for the WWF syndicated shows Championship Wrestling and All-American Wrestling, facing opponents such as Jimmy Snuka, Blackjack Mulligan, and Buddy Rose. A little more than a month after his first match, <mask> gained his first victory when he pinned Laurent Soucie at a house show in Salisbury, MD. Despite his inexperience, he became a full-time member of the roster.As an enhancement talent, he sustained numerous losses in 1983 and 1984, falling to much of the WWF roster. He also gained occasional wins, defeating similar undercard talent like Barry Hart (Barry Horowitz), Mac Rivera, and Jose Estrada. Following January 1984 his appearances became infrequent, and he wrestled only a small number of WWF matches that year and in 1985. During 1985 he also appeared for the NWC promotion in Massachusetts, wrestling as "Cowboy" <mask>. In 1986 <mask> donned a mask and was known as "The Tiger" during a WWF tour of Australia. He also donned a mask that year and wrestled occasionally as The Red Demon. On September 16, 1986 he was the opponent for "Superstar" Billy Graham in the latter's return to the WWF.Following a loss to Jerry Allen on October 26, 1986 he wrestled exclusively as The Red Demon. His final match in his first WWF run came January 26, 1988 when he teamed with Van Van Horne against The British Bulldogs. World Class Championship Wrestling (1986-1987)
While still wrestling under a mask in the WWF, Markovich joined World Class Championship Wrestling in Texas, making his first appearance on a Christmas Day card where he wrestled The Dingo Warrior (Ultimate Warrior) to a double disqualification. The following month he achieved his greatest success in the promotion, when he defeated Roberto Soto, Steve Simpson, Matt Borne, and finally The Dingo Warrior to win a tournament to determine the vacated Texas Heavyweight Champion. Three weeks later he would lose the title to The Dingo Warrior in a match in Fort Worth. Following the defeat <mask> entered a losing streak that carried through to his departure from the promotion in March. Universal Wrestling Federation (1987)
A month later <mask> joined Bill Watts's Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), losing to Steve Williams in on April 19 in Fort Worth, TX.He wrestled a total of twelve times for the UWF, facing The Super Ninja, Mike Boyette, Dick Murdoch, and others and winning several matches. Following a match with Sting on the August 15th, 1987 edition of Power Pro Wrestling he left the promotion. World Championship Wrestling (1989)
<mask> entered World Championship Wrestling (WCW) on February 4, 1989 losing to Abdullah the Butcher at a house show in Philadelphia, PA. On February 15 he made his first televised appearance, losing to Ricky Steamboat at Clash of the Champions V. <mask> was winless in competition against Eddie Gilbert, Rick Steiner, and Michael Hayes. He left the promotion at the end of March. World Wrestling Federation (1989-1992)
On August 29, 1989 Markovich returned to the WWF and was defeated by Jimmy Snuka at a Wrestling Challenge taping in Springfield, MA. After sporadic appearances, he began another full-time run with the promotion in December. On January 2, 1990, just less than three years after defeating him to win the Texas Heavyweight Championship in WCCW, <mask> was squashed by Intercontinental Champion The Ultimate Warrior at a WWF Superstars of Wrestling taping in Birmingham, AL.He finally picked up his first victory since 1987 when he pinned Jim Powers in Wheeling, WV, but remained mired in the undercard. Fellow enhancement talent Brady Boone returned to the WWF in 1990 and was given the first real push of his career when he was given the character of Battle Kat. Dressed in a furry black mask, the character was accentuated by Boone's gymnastics. Wrestling as Battle Kat, his first televised opponent was against <mask> in a match that aired on Wrestling Challenge on October 14, 1990. However, after the match Boone left the promotion, and the WWF decided to instead give the gimmick to the also acrobatic <mask>. Two weeks later on Wrestling Spotlight he would make his debut as the Kat, teaming with Koko B. Ware against The Orient Express. Under the mask Markovich would see the greatest push of his WWF tenure, facing and defeating Buddy Rose, Pez Whatley, Paul Diamond, and Boris Zukhov.His run at Battle Kat finally ended when he was defeated by The Barbarian on the December 10th edition of Prime Time Wrestling, and shortly thereafter the promotion eliminated the gimmick. <mask> returned to his previous role as an enhancement talent in 1991, losing to Kerry Von Erich, Koko B Ware, Jim Duggan, "Conan" Chris Walker, and others. On September 10, 1991 he became involved in a minor angle on Wrestling Challenge. In a match with Big Bully Busick the two went to a no-contest after Busick attacked him before the bell. Sid Justice then came out to defeat Busick. Markovich's final match came on November 20, 1992 in Auburn Hills, MI when he teamed with Barry Horowitz against High Energy. Championships and accomplishments
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him # 302 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991.PWI ranked him # 335 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992. World Class Wrestling Association
WCWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

American male professional wrestlers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Professional wrestling jobbers

masks:
Bob Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley


title: José de Cañizares

texts:
<mask> (4 July 1676 – 4 September 1750) was a Spanish playwright. Cavalry officer, public official, and author of around one hundred works, he was one of the most important dramatists of the early 18th century. Life
Born in Madrid on 4 July 1676, and baptized ten days later in the church of San Martín, Cañizares had his roots in the countryside south of the capital. His parents were by birth manchegos, from Almagro, Ciudad Real, in the region known as La Mancha. <mask> was named after his father. His mother was Doña <mask> y la Caballería. Both parents belonged to the minor nobility or hidalgo class, which their son later portrayed with humor in many of his plays.Sometime in his late teens or early twenties, Cañizares entered the military service. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) he served with a unit of heavily armored cavalry, fighting on the side of Felipe V.  By 1711, he had attained the rank of Lieutenant Captain, and also, due to his family background, the patronage of the Duke of Osuna, and his own growing fame as author of comedias in the Golden Age tradition, enjoyed a place at Felipe's court. In 1702 Cañizares found himself appointed by the Magistrate of Madrid as fiscal de comedias, a member of the Board of Theatrical Censors, an office which he exercised in the intervals between combat when the king and his armies returned to the capital. This five-member committee included the Magistrate and his appointee (Cañizares), plus the Vicar of Madrid and his two appointees. Every play proposed for public performance in Madrid had to be submitted to this committee. Each of the officials in turn must approve the play or it would be banned from the stage. As the years went by, Cañizares submitted many of his own plays for approval.As he gained experience in his craft, the board occasionally called upon him to revise a classic Golden Age play so that it would comply with the moral and political views of early 18th century Spain. His signed approbations are to be found on manuscripts dating as early as 1702. Receipts for his annual salary as fiscal are found dating as early as 1708. He supplemented his military and civil service incomes by composing 2-4 major plays per year up through 1734. Of Cañizares' family life, we know only what the public records, as cited chiefly by Cristóbal Pérez Pastor, reveal. Sometime prior to 1733, Cañizares retired from the military and contracted marriage with Doña Lorenza, daughter of Don Gregorio <mask> Losada and  Doña Phelipa Osorio <mask>, both residents of Madrid. Doña Lorenza was the widow of Don Andrés González Valdés y Salgado, with whom she had had a son, Pedro.On 16 November 1733, she gave birth to Cañizares' son and heir, named <mask> after his father and grandfather. She also bore him a daughter, Jerónima, presumably named after Cañizares' mother. Pérez Pastor notes the daughter's birth as after 1734. The family residence was located in the Calle de las Veneras, opposite the Plazuela de Santo Domingo. The year 1747 marked a change in Cañizares' life. Now in his seventies, he took a position in the counting house of the Duke of Osuna. On 25 November, he and his wife made a will, giving her custody of the children in the event of his death.He received his salary as fiscal for the last time on 10 September 1750. The balance for the remaining six months was collected by his widow. <mask> <mask> died on 4 September 1750 at his Madrid residence, and was buried in the Dominican monastery of El Rosario. His works lived on, continuing to be performed in Madrid and the provinces through the remainder of the 18th century and on into the first few years of the 19th, with occasional revivals up to the present day. Works
<mask> <mask> was the most prolific dramatist of early 18th century Spain, credited with writing 80-100 comedias and zarzuelas, plus numerous minor works such as loas, entremeses, mojigangas, bailes, and fines de fiesta, the little pieces that rounded out a theatrical evening. Many of his plays enjoyed immense popularity in his lifetime and formed an integral part of the repertoire of the Madrid companies for over 60 years after his death. He is said to have written his earliest play in 1696 at the age of 13:  Las cuentas del Gran Capitán, a reworking of a play by Lope <mask>.When finally produced in his adult years, Cañizares' version enjoyed such success that it eventually replaced Lope's play in the 18th century theatrical repertoire. The earliest of Cañizares' plays to be performed were zarzuelas on classical, mythological, and chivalresque themes presented in the royal theater of the Buen Retiro. This type of play, produced in collaboration with well-known composers of the period (<mask> Líteres, <mask>, Jaime Facco, Francisco Coradini), incorporated many features (da capo arias, duets, dance sequences) of the Italian opera so loved by Felipe V and both his Italian-born queens. Spoken scenes and passages alternated with those that were sung. What made the zarzuela uniquely Spanish was the retention of many elements of the Calderonian comedia, including the three-act format and typical characters such as the rustic nobleman (figurón) and comical servant (gracioso). We have first performance dates for the following zarzuelas:  Acis y Galatea (1708—repeated at the royal court of Lisbon in 1711), Las Amazonas de España (1720), Amor es todo invención: Jupiter y Anfitrión (Love is a Fiction—1721), Angélica y Medoro (1722), and La hazaña mayor de Alcides (The Greatest Deed of Alcides—1723). After this period, Cañizares began writing for the great public theaters of Madrid, the Teatro del Príncipe and the Teatro de la Cruz.Cañizares wrote nearly every conceivable type of comedia. Among his most popular capa y espada (cloak and sword) plays written in the tradition of <mask>ón are Castigar Favoreciendo (To Punish by Favoring), Dios los cría y ellos se juntan (Birds of a Feather Flock Together), Yo me entiendo y Dios me entiende (I Know What I Mean and God Knows What I Mean). Some of his most popular historical plays, which focus on a military hero who saves the day for his or her country, are Carlos V sobre Túnez (Charles V at Tunis), El guapo Julián Romero (The Daring Julian Romero), La heroica Antona García (The Heroic Antona Garcia). Some examples of his picaresque comedias are El picarillo en España y Señor de la Gran Canaria (The Little Rogue in Spain, and Lord of Grand Canary), and El falso nuncio de Portugal (The False Papal Agent of Portugal). Religious plays (comedias de santos) include, among others, La más amada de Cristo, Santa Gertrudis la Magna (The Most Beloved of Christ, St. Gertrude the Great—Parts I and II), Lo que vale ser devoto de San Antonio de Padua (The Value of Devotion to St. Anthony of Padua), A cuál mejor, confesada y confesor (Which Is Greater, Confessed or Confessor?--St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross). La viva imagen de Cristo: El Santo Niño de la Villa de la Guardia (The Living Image of Christ: The Holy Child of Villa de la Guardia) is based on the legend of the Holy Child of La Guardia.The two genres at which Cañizares excelled, the comedia de figurón (rural nobleman at court) and the comedia de magia (magic), both enjoyed a long life in the "little theaters" of Madrid. One or another of the most popular seldom failed to be presented at Christmas, Easter, and other seasons of joy. Among his figurón plays are El Dómine Lucas,  La más ilustre fregona (The Most Illustrious Kitchenmaid) and El honor da entendimiento (Honor Gives Understanding). The zarzuela De los hechizos de amor la música es el mayor (The Greatest Enchantment of Love is Music) incorporates a figurón who competes with the hero for the hand of his lady. The public had a special fondness for Cañizares' comedias de magia, a genre full of special effects and sudden plot twists. Among these are El asombro de Francia, Marta la Romarantina (The Wonder of France, Marta la Romarantina—Parts I and II), Don Juan de Espina en Milán,  Don Juan de Espina en Madrid, and El anillo de Giges y mágico rey de Lidia (The Ring of Giges and Magician-King of Lydia—Parts I, II and III). Also extant are a few of Cañizares' non-dramatic works, most notably a collection of lyrics for villancicos de Navidad (Christmas carols) commissioned by the Royal Chapel of Madrid, and two examples of Gongorine-style funereal prose in honor of the Dauphin of France, father of Felipe V.

The total number of Cañizares' plays that continued to be staples of the major theaters of Madrid comes to 24.Of these, 20 had at least one performance after 1800. The operatic theater Caños del Peral presented a few of his plays along with a series of Golden Age works in the early 19th century. The last 19th century data available show a performance of the all-time favorite figurón play Dómine Lucas in the Teatro de la Cruz in 1840. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, some of his zarzuelas have been successfully revived on the Madrid stage. Selected works
Acis y Galatea 1708
El estrago en la fineza, Júpiter y Semele - a Spanish-language zarzuela opera by <mask> Literes to a libretto by <mask> <mask>, premiered 9 May 1718 at the Teatro de la Cruz, Madrid. References

Bibliography
Alvarez y Baena, Joseph Antonio. Hijos de Madrid ilustres en santidad, dignidades, armas, ciencias y artes.Barrera y Leirado, Cayetano <mask> la. Catálogo bibliográfico del teatro antiguo español desde sus orígenes hasta mediados del siglo XVIII. Coe, Ada M.  Catálogo bibliográfico y crítico de las comedias anunciadas en los periódicos de 	Madrid desde 1661 hasta 1819. Coe, Ada M.  Entertainments in the Little Theaters of Madrid 1759-1819. Cotarelo y Mori, Emilio. Orígenes y establecimiento de la ópera en España hasta 1800. Ebersole, Alva V.  <mask> Cañizares, dramaturgo olvidado del siglo XVIII.Jack, W.S. "Bances candamo and the Calderonian Decadents." PMLA, 44 (1929), 1079–89. Moir, Duncan W., ed. Theatro de los theatros de los passados y presentes siglos. Pérez Pastor, Cristóbal. "Noticias y documentos relativos a la historia y literatura españolas."Memorials de la Real Academia Española, X (1911), 9–307. Subirá, <mask>. Historia de la música teatral en España. Subirá, <mask>. El Teatro del Real Palacio. Trífilo, S.S.  "Influencias calderonianas en el drama de Zamora y de Cañizares." Hispanófila, 4 (1961), 	30–45.Valbuena Prat, Angel. Historia del Teatro español. 1676 births
1750 deaths
Spanish dramatists and playwrights
Spanish male dramatists and playwrights
Spanish literature

masks:
José de Cañizares y Suárez
Don José
Jerónima Suárez de Toledo
Alvarez de
de Redín
José
Don José
de Cañizares
José de
Cañizares
de Vega
Antonio de
José Nebra
Calder
Antonio de
José de
Cañizares
Alberto de
José de
José
José


title: Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic

texts:
<mask> (b. <mask>, July 28, 1946, known professionally as <mask> or <mask>) is a fine art photographer, designer, color theorist, digital artist, and educator. He is known for traditional black and white photography, revival of hand-colored photographic technique, and as an early practitioner of digital photography. <mask> is an artist who recognized and advocated for the computer as a fine art medium. Life
Born in Canton, Ohio, an industrial town in the northeast rust belt of Ohio, <mask> is the oldest of four children born to Edwin and <mask>. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1965 to 1968. Following his time in the Navy he resumed his education and began his career as a fine art photographer and educator. Art education and career
Early in 1970 he enrolled in Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria, Virginia where he began formal studies in art.He subsequently enrolled in The George Washington University, Washington, DC (GWU) where fine arts classes were offered at the Corcoran School of Art as well GWU campus. He earned a BA degree in Fine Arts in 1977. In the fall of that year he was accepted into the Fine Arts Graduate Program and was awarded a Graduate Teaching Fellowship. <mask> earned a Master in Fine Arts, Photography in 1980. His work with hand-colored photography put him among those on the cusp of a revival of the process in fine art photography. <mask> joined the GWU faculty as a full-time and tenure track Visiting Professor of Photography in 1980. Among his art faculty colleagues was the noted Washington painter Arthur Hall Smith, He moved to Associate Professor of Photography and then to Associate Professor of Design in 1991, a position he held until his academic retirement in 2012.He currently holds the position of Associate Professor Emeritus from The George Washington University. <mask> introduced digital photography and computer design to the GWU art curriculum. He developed a prototype multimedia resource for the National Bonsai Foundation for the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, DC in 1996. In 2007 he became the Director of the Summer Distant Learning Initiative (later known as the Online Learning Initiative). His experience with the new technology paved the way forward for online learning at the university. His professional career as an educator and as an exhibiting artist continued simultaneously. He served as a juror in art competitions including Herndon Festival of Fine Arts Show, Council for the arts of the Herndon, Herndon, VA in 1991 and the National Photographic Exhibition: Westmoreland Arts & Heritage Festival, Greensburg, PA, 1988, 1993, and 1998.Exhibitions
<mask>'s professional exhibition record includes both national and international shows. In 1999 his exhibit at Galerie Lee in Paris, France  resulted in five of his works being accepted into the permanent collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Three of the works were hand-colored photographs and two were digital prints. <mask> was represented in Washington, DC by Anton Gallery from 2000 to 2006. He participated in numerous shows including "Monuments" (July 13-August 25, 2001), "<mask>: Within Sight,"   A selection of these prints is included in the permanent collection of the University of Maryland University College. As a member of the art faculty at The George Washington University, <mask>'s work was shown frequently in the Dimock Gallery, George Washington Art Galleries. His work was also shown at the Fine Arts Center Gallery, Charles County Community College, La Plata, MD., now named The Tony Hungerford Memorial Gallery, College of Southern Maryland.Selected exhibits

"Scenes of Southern Italy" World Bank, Washington, DC (1984)
"4th Annual Brandeis Juried Art Exhibit" Strathmore Hall, Rockville, MD (1985)
"Color and Photography" Rathbone Gallery, Albany, NY (1987)
"Hand-colored Silver Prints" Pittsburgh Filmakers' Gallery, Pittsburgh, PA (1988)
"Current Trends in Digital Imaging" Tyler Gallery, Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria, VA (1997)
"<mask>: photographie en giclée et colorié å la main" Galerie Lee, Paris France, 1999
"Monuments" Anton Gallery, Washington, DC, 2001
"Winthin Sight: digital photographs" Anton Gallery, Washington DC, 2002

Works of art in collections

<mask>'s work is in numerous private and public collections including:
University of Maryland University College, College Park, MD
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Prints and Photographs collection (reference number Ep-3972-Boite Fol. ), Paris, France
J.M. Marriott Corporation, Bethesda, MD
The George Washington University, Washington, DC
The College of Southern Maryland, La Plata, MD

Recognition and awards
Art Directors Club of Metropolitan Washington Award of Excellence, Washington, DC, 1977
David lloyd Kreeger Prize in Photography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1979
Printing Industries of America First Prize, Poster Division, Warrendale, PA, 1982
Academic Excellence Award Web site designed for the National Bonsai Foundation and National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, DC. Lectures and workshops
Hand-Colored Photographs workshop, Smithsonian Resident Associate Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (1981) (1982)
An Artistic Commentary on the Alfred Stieglitz Exhibition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (1983)
An Artistic Commentary on the Ansel Adams Exhibition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (1985)
Impressionist' Exposure to Photography, Smithsonian Resident Associate Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (1986
Mousing Around: Making Art on the Computer. Presented to the Woman's Caucus for Art of Greater Washington, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (1999)

Reviews, publications  and catalogues
"Photography by Jeffery L. Stephanic" exhibition review, The Repository, North Canton, OH (1986)
"Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic" Marquis Who's Who in the East, 21st edition, 1966-1987. Macmillan Directory Division, (1987) p. 767
"JCA Photography Exhibit Innovative" exhibition review, Times Union, Albany, NY (April, 1987)
"9/11/01" exhibition review, The Washington Times (October 13, 2001)
"Monumental Exhibition at Anton Gallery" exhibition review, The Washington Times (August 4, 2001) p. D5
"Jeff Stephanic: Within Sight" exhibition review The Washington Times (September 12, 2002) p. M5
Artist's Quarter" exhibition review, GWMagazine (Spring, 2007) p. 51

Photographs in print
"Jeffrey L. Stephanic: Hand-Colored Silver Prints" Alexandria, VA (1986)
"A Most Remarkable Man: J. Willard Marriott" The Marriott Corporation, Bethesda, MD ( 1986)
"Jeffrey Stephanic/photographs - Douglas H Teller/watercolors" Dimock Gallery, Art Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC (1989)
"Jeff Stephanic: A 2006 Portfolio" Alexandria, VA (2006)

References

External links

https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf

American male artists
1946 births
Living people

masks:
Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic
Jeffery Lynn Stephanic
Jeffrey
Jeff Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Patsye Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Jeff Stephanic
Stephanic
Jeffrey Stephanic
Stephanic


title: Mary Elizabeth Lado

texts:
<mask> (born September 16, 1978) is a figure competitor from the United States. <mask> quickly moved up the amateur ranks in 2003 and soon became a professional figure competitor in 2004 by winning NPC National Figure Championships. Today <mask> is one of the top figure competitors in the Industry, winning the Ms. Figure International on two consecutive occasions and placing in the top-five at the Ms. Figure Olympia on two occasions. Biography

<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana is a professional figure competitor. <mask> was raised amid Spanish culture; her mother, Marianela, was born in Cuba and her father, Jose, in Spain.The oldest of three, <mask> along with her two brothers, Jose and Carlos were raised to be active, well-mannered individuals, who go after their dreams and work hard to achieve them. She still lives at her home state of Louisiana near her friends in a close-knit family. At an early age her parents encouraged her daughter to get involved in sports. Even as a child <mask> was a naturally competitive child in different fields such as sports. In high school, <mask> was on the volleyball, basketball, softball and track teams. This competitive fire helped her in her education; excelling in volleyball and softball, she received a full four-year scholarship to attend Chipola Junior College in Marianna, Florida as a pitcher, and then to Georgia Southwestern State University to play Softball. There she majored in sociology, and while she treasured her education, she felt uncomfortable studying and having to do homework was not a very enjoyable activity for her during her college years.After graduation <mask> felt that she needed something to do in order to deal with her competitive energy since school was over and she had no sports nor people to play sports with. She toyed with free weights to stay active, when she was encouraged by relatives in the gym to compete in figure competitions. In 2003, after six months of hard training, she entered her first NPC figure contest, the New Orleans Figure Championships, and won her height class. In 2004, she came in second in the NPC Junior Nationals in her height class and won the figure overall title at the Nationals, catapulting her into the pros. In 2005, <mask> entered five pro figure contests, winning the Pittsburgh Pro Figure Championships and the California Pro Figure Championships. Everything was going well at the professional level for <mask>, but soon she would find herself with some personal issues that began to take their toll on her competitive career. While visiting family in Spain her hometown was hit by Hurricane Katrina.Unable to community with her family members in Louisiana for more than a week after her the disaster, <mask> was in a serious emotional turmoil and for sometime thought of not attending the 2005 Ms. Figure Olympia contest (her first Olympia). But she then decided to the Olympia after being able to talk to her family in Louisiana. Unable to find adequate gyms in Spain, and only relying on Theraband exercise and outdoor cardio sessions to prepare for the Olympia contest. After returning to Louisiana, she stayed with some friends and continued her last few preparations for the contest. And while she was not in her best condition she managed to place 4th at the Sacramento Pro Figure, and 5th Figure Olympia (her last two competitions of 2005). During this time <mask> asked some of the judges and professional figure competitors about what she needed to do to improve her performance on stage as well as other areas that she needed work on in order to be more competitive at the pro level.She was told that she needed more stage presence and needed to work at her conditioning as well. <mask> put her newfound knowledge to work and began her preparations for the 2006 Arnold Classic, where she placed 1st. Her crowning achievement to date came at this year's Arnold Fitness Weekend, she became the only athlete besides Jenny Lynn to hold the Figure International title, in total <mask> has won the title twice. Vital stats

Full Name: <mask> <mask>
Birthday: September 16
Place of Birth: New Orleans
Current state of Residence: New Orleans
Occupation: Figure competitor, personal trainer, and fitness model. Height: 5'7"
Weight (In Season): 128-130 lbs. (Off-Season):138-142 lbs. Marital Status: Married
Eye Color: Brown
Hair Color: Light Brown
Measurements: 36-28-36
Size: 4
Shoe: 10.5

Bodybuilding philosophy

Lado's training consists of weight training 6 days a week in the off-season (usually two to three body parts per day off-season, and only one body part per day on-season).She uses a variation of compound and isolation movements (with free weights, machines and cables) in her training, focusing on her hamstrings, back, and shoulders. <mask> uses between 9 sets for small bodyparts and up to 16 sets per large bodypart. She will train her legs early in the week when she is fresh and trains hamstrings twice a week. For cardio <mask> uses the StepMill, Elliptical machine and the incline treadmill as her main tools. She does one to two sessions of cardio six days a week in the off-season and three sessions in the on-season. Competition history

2003 NPC New Orleans Championships, 1st (Tall)
2003 NPC Louisiana State Figure Championships, 2nd (Tall Class)
2003 NPC New Orleans Figure Championships, 1st (Tall Class)
2003 NPC Greater Gulf States Figure Championships, 1st (Tall Class) and Overall
2004 NPC Junior National Figure Championships, 2nd (Class D)
2004 NPC National Figure Championships, 1st (Tall Class) and Overall
2005 IFBB Figure International, 3rd
2005 IFBB Pittsburgh Pro Figure, 1st (Tall Class) and Overall
2005 IFBB California Pro Figure, 1st (Tall Class) and Overall
2005 IFBB Sacramento Pro Figure, 4th
2005 IFBB Figure Olympia, 5th
2006 IFBB Figure International, 1st
2006 IFBB Figure Olympia, 5th
2007 IFBB Figure International, 1st
2007 IFBB Figure Olympia, 10th
2008 IFBB Jacksonville Pro-Figure, 1st

References

Magazine references

CSCS, MS, Peña, Jimmy. Queen <mask> from unknown Newcomer To The Sport's New Force, Figure International Champ <mask>do Shares Her Unbelievable Quads Routine.California: Muscle and Fitness. September 2006 Edition. . (New York, NY: Weider Publications, LLC., a division of American Media Inc., 2006.). Section: Training and Fitness: 224-226, 228, 230, 231 covers Lado's article. External links

 Official Website

1978 births
Living people
Fitness and figure competitors

masks:
Mary Elizabeth Lado
Mary
Lado
Mary Lado
Lado
Mary
Lado
Lado
Lado
Lado
Lado
Mary
Lado
Mary
Lado
Mary Elizabeth
Lado
Mary
Mary
Mary
Mary La


title: Arnulf of Valenciennes

texts:
<mask> (or Arnoul, or Arnold) of Valenciennes (d. 22 October 1011), was a 10th and 11th century count and perhaps sometimes a margrave, who was lord of the fort of Valenciennes, which was at that time on the frontier with France (West Francia), on the river Scheldt. It was part of the pagus of Hainaut, in Lower Lotharingia, within the Holy Roman Empire. In the 10th century he is often mentioned together with the margrave of the next imperial fort to the north, at Ename, who was also count of Mons, Count Godefrey "the captive". He was possibly the same person as his contemporary <mask> the count of Cambrai. 10th century
As listed out by Ulrich Nonn (p. 130), many of the sources which list <mask> and Godefrey as counts in Hainaut are clerical narrative sources rather than dated charters. The Gesta of the Bishops of Cambrai for example lists the two counts as coming next in a sequence of counts in Hainaut, after the two brothers Werner and Reynold, who in turn replaced Count Richer. While several such sources describe Count Godefrey very clearly as the Count in Mons, only one, the Translatio s. Sulpicii, describes this <mask> specifically as a count of Valenciennes.Only one record seems to describe <mask> as a margrave rather than count, and this is a military listing made in 982, where Gottefredus et Arnulfus marchiones are listed among many different imperial leaders who were responsible to bring a certain number of armoured knights, for the imperial campaign being planned in Italy. <mask> also appears clearly named in charters of Saint Peter's Abbey in Ghent, which also names his wife and son in several cases. This shows that he had possessions on both sides of the Flemish march, in both the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. In 998 one such charter shows that he held Mater, very close to the frontier fort of Ename, seat of the march held by Godefrid the captive. 11th century
A count named <mask>, and generally equated to <mask> of Valenciennes, who had rights in Cambrai, had them given by emperor Otto III to the bishop of Cambrai in 1001, and then in 1007, without naming any count, his successor Henry II granted the county of Cambrai to the bishop. <mask> out-lived Godefried the Captive who died in 1002, and at some point before he died, a count named Reginar was in control of Mons, either Reginar IV or V. This was recorded in an account of the miracle of St Ghislain. Late in life, in the years before he died, the Vita Balderici, written in Liège, reports that <mask>'s fort at Valenciennes had come under pressure from the County of Flanders.In 1006 Baldwin IV of Flanders took control of Valenciennes. Falling ill, his kinsman Bishop Balderic travelled to visit him and he counseled him to leave his "castrum", possibly Valenciennes itself, or possibly Visé, to the bishopric. Balderic returned to Liège and the Vita says he was trying to gather a military force when <mask> died. This has been determined by modern historians to have been in 1011. Matching dates, different by one day, can be found in necrologies in Liège and Cambrai. <mask>'s widow Lietgarde, struggling to maintain herself under pressure from Flanders, attempted to travel to Liège, but was taken captive by Count Lambert I of Louvain. The Vita reports that Lambert, who had attacked and defeated Balderic II in the Battle of Hoegaarden in 1013, took the opportunity to force Lietgarde to cede rights in Hanret to him, which he then ceded to Balderic II.These rights in Hanret became part of the possessions of the new Cathedral of St James which Bishop Balderic founded in Liège. Family
His mother was named as a Countess Bertha, in documents concerning grants she made in favour of Sint-Truiden Abbey just before she died in 967. Not only was her son and heir a Count <mask>, but Dhondt and Vanderkindere pointed to a shared connection to the , near Lille about 45 km west of Valenciennes and in the kingdom of France. The version of the grant recorded in the chronicle of Sint-Truiden itself, showed that she had rights in the area of Sint-Truiden itself, in Melveren and Brustem. He and his wife and son appear in a 994 Ghent St Peter charter granting Carvin in Caribant to the Abbey, and he made another grant in 983 for the soul of his late brother Rodger, of Corulis in Caribant. It has been pointed out by historian Bas Aarts that the witnesses in the grant of Bertha also match partially with another grant by a Bertha with a son <mask>, to Nivelles Abbey, of 5 manses with meadow and forest on the upper Dyle river. In that charter two younger brothers of <mask> are named: Herman and Geveard.His father is not named in medieval records, but it has been proposed on the basis of him being count of Cambrai, and his name, that his father must be the <mask> who was named as a son of Count Isaac of Cambrai in 941. It has also been proposed by Vanderkindere that there was a count of Valenciennes before him named Count Amulric who is mentioned in two records from about 953 to 973. In the earliest record from the 950s Amulric was described as a count from Hainaut, and it was mentioned that he had married a daughter of Isaac, Count of Cambrai, but the marriage had been annulled by the bishop due to them being too closely related. <mask> was a close relative of Bishop Balderic II of Liège, who was in the family of the Counts of Loon. This relationship was noted in two later Liège documents, the Vita (life story) of Balderic himself, and a falsified charter, supposedly made 1015. Vanderkindere believed this must have been a connection through his mother Bertha's side. His wife, who survived him, was named Lietgard or Luitgard.It has been proposed that she had a connection to family of the counts of Namur, both because of her son's name, Adalbert, and because after the death of <mask> she was involved in transactions which led to the acquisition of Hanret, which is in the direction of Namur, by Lambert I, Count of Louvain. <mask> and Lietgard had a son named Adalbert (Albert), who predeceased both of them. The obituaries kept by the Saint-Lambert in Liège commemorate the deaths of both Count <mask> (23 October) and Count Adalbert (30 March) for their grant of Visé to them, showing that Arnulf had an important patrimony very close to Liège itself. References

Biography

Primary sources

Hemptinne, T. de, A. Verhulst and L. De Mey eds, De oorkonden der graven van Vlaanderen (Juli 1128 - September 1191), Uitgave 2, Band 1 (Brussels 1988)

Medieval Belgian nobility
County of Hainaut
11th century in Belgium
Margraves of Valenciennes

masks: Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf Arnulf


title: Charles Smith (pathologist)

texts:
<mask> is a former Canadian pathologist known for performing flawed child autopsies that resulted in wrongful convictions. As the head forensic pathologist at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, from 1982 to 2003, <mask> performed more than 1,000 child autopsies. In 2002, <mask> was reprimanded with a caution by the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons for his work on three suspicious-death cases, and in 2003 he was removed from performing autopsies. In June 2005, the Chief Coroner of Ontario ordered a review of 44 autopsies carried out by <mask>, thirteen of which had resulted in criminal charges and convictions. The review was released in April 2007, indicating that there were substantial problems with 20 of the autopsies. In response to the review, Ontario Attorney General Michael Bryant immediately announced that there would be a full public inquiry into the state of pediatric forensic pathology in Ontario. The Goudge Inquiry began hearing evidence on November 12, 2007.The following year the inquiry found there to be fundamental errors made on the part of <mask>. It concluded that <mask> had "actively misled" superiors and made "false and misleading" statements in court. Many of the cases in which he had testified were re-examined and appealed. <mask> proclaimed that he had "a thing against people who hurt children", while critics said that "he was on a crusade and acted more like a prosecutor"  than a pathologist. Early life and career
<mask> was born in a Toronto Salvation Army Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, and put up for adoption three months later. He spent years looking for his biological mother and called her on her 65th birthday though she refused to take his call. His adoptive father was in the Canadian Armed Forces and lived in numerous places in Canada and Germany.<mask> attended high school in Ottawa. <mask> graduated from the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada in 1975. He completed his training in Pathology at the University of Toronto and was certified as an anatomical pathologist in 1980. He joined the Hospital for Sick Children in 1981 as one of the rotating team of pathologists, and shortly was doing autopsies on children who had met sudden or suspicious deaths. In 1992, the Ontario Coroner's Office created a pediatric forensic pathology unit at Hospital for Sick Children and <mask> was appointed director. He had become almost solely responsible for investigating suspicious child deaths in Ontario. In this period he conducted hundreds of autopsies and testified in court multiple times.He conducted training sessions for lawyers on how to examine and cross-examine expert witnesses, and training for law-enforcement and medical staff on detecting child abuse. While at Sick Children's Hospital, <mask> lived on a farm in Newmarket. Notable cases

Maureen Laidley
Maureen Laidley was charged with killing Tyrell Salmon, the three-year-old son of her boyfriend. Laidley said the boy had jumped off the couch, slipped and struck his head on a marble coffee table, but was arrested after <mask> informed them that such injuries could not result in death. The charge was abruptly stayed when outside experts testified that the injuries were fully consistent with Laidley's account. William Mullins-Johnson
William Mullins-Johnson of Sault Ste. Marie was found guilty of the first-degree murder of his niece, Valin Johnson, after a two and half week trial in September 1994.He was convicted after a jury trial in which <mask>'s evidence played a major role in determining the time of death, the cause of death and whether the girl had been sexually assaulted. Mullins-Johnson had babysat Valin, 4, and her 3-year-old brother on the evening of June 26, 1993. When the girl's mother returned home, she did not check on her daughter. At 7 a.m. the next day she found Valin dead in bed. A local pathologist performed an autopsy on Valin. Then "consultation reports" were sought from <mask> and four other specialists, based on tissue samples and other evidence from the autopsy. <mask> was the only consultant to conclude Valin was sexually assaulted at the time of death.That contradicted the defence's point that Valin, who had a history of vomiting in bed, might have died of natural causes. The jury convicted, which the Ontario Court of Appeal upheld in 1996. The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed a further appeal in 1998. Attempts were made to clear his name based on available DNA technology, but the tissue could not be located by <mask>, who was given the evidence by the pathologist who did the autopsy, until 2005, 11 years after the trial, when the missing tissue samples turned up in <mask>'s office. William Mullins-Johnson was released on bail in 2005, pending review of his case. On July 16, 2007, a report by three expert pathologists (a report written unbeknownst to the lawyers working on his behalf) determined there was no evidence that the girl was sexually assaulted, and the Ontario Attorney General Michael Bryant, said that William Mullins-Johnson's conviction "cannot stand" and that he should be acquitted by the appeals court. On October 15, 2007 he was acquitted by the Ontario Court of Appeal.In 2010, five years after he filed a $13 million lawsuit, he received $4.25 million in a compensation settlement from the government of Ontario. Sherry Sherret
On the morning of January 23, 1996, Sherry Sherret found her four-month-old son Joshua lying in his bed not breathing. He was rushed to the hospital where he was pronounced dead. Three and a half years later she was given the option to accept a plea of infanticide. She was convicted of infanticide without offering a defence (but offering no admission of guilt) in a plea (the delay was primarily attributable to <mask>'s unavailability to testify). Sherret was jailed on the basis of <mask>'s opinion that her four-month-old son Joshua had a skull fracture, and that he had been smothered. She was released on bail in 1996 and remained on bail until the conviction.Sherret's sentence was 1 year in jail and 2 years probation. Sherret served eight months in total, and was entered into the child abuse registry. Her older child was removed by Children's Aid, and in order to get him out of foster care, she agreed to give him up for adoption and have no physical contact with him until he was 18. Later exhumation of the child and examination of the skull have shown that there was no skull fracture. It is thought Dr. <mask> confused the normal gap between the baby's skull plates for an injury. On December 7, 2009, the Ontario Court of Appeal exonerated Sherret, stating that it was "profoundly regrettable that due to flaws in pathological evidence" she was wrongfully convicted. Brenda Waudby
Brenda Waudby of Peterborough was charged with beating her 2-year-old daughter Jenna to death on January 22, 1997, on the basis of <mask>'s professional opinion as to what time the injuries were inflicted.Anthony Kporwodu and Angela Veno
Anthony Kporwodu and Angela Veno were charged in 1997 with murdering their infant daughter. <mask> took more than seven months to prepare his initial autopsy report. The charges were ultimately thrown out by a judge for violating the constitutional right to a timely trial. Louise Reynolds
Louise Reynolds was a 28-year-old single mother living in Kingston, Ontario, charged with second degree murder for having killed her seven-year-old daughter Sharon in 1997 by stabbing her more than 80 times with a pair of scissors. Much of the case rested on Dr. <mask>'s 10-page autopsy report. In January 2001 the Crown abruptly dropped the charges, after numerous experts, including Crown witnesses, disagreed with <mask> and agreed that a powerful dog had mauled the girl (there was a pit bull present in the house at the time). By then, Reynolds had spent 22 months in custody.Louise Reynolds sued in March 2007. Despite the rules related to Crown immunity, the Court of Appeal ruled, in a ground-breaking decision, that the suit against <mask> and other experts could go ahead: while court testimony is protected, faulty work is not. Dinesh Kumar
Dinesh Kumar was a 26-year-old Punjabi immigrant to Canada who was charged with second degree murder in the 1992 death of his infant son. He pled guilty to criminal negligence causing death and was sentenced to ninety days in jail. He was acquitted by the Ontario Court of Appeal on January 20, 2011. His case was part of the review ordered of Dr. <mask>'s cases following the Goudge Inquiry. Tammy Marquardt
Tammy Marquardt was convicted in Ontario in 1995 of killing her two-year-old son, who had epilepsy.Her conviction rested in large part upon testimony from <mask>, who concluded the boy had been strangled or smothered. She was sentenced to life in prison, and her two other children were taken from her and put up for adoption. Marquardt's conviction was set aside on 10 February 2011 by the Ontario Court of Appeal. Prosecutors agreed her trial had been faulty because of <mask>'s unreliable testimony, but they would not say whether a retrial would be sought or not. On June 6, murder charges were withdrawn. Maria Shepherd
Maria Shepherd pled guilty in 1992 to the 1991 death of her stepdaughter, Kasandra Shepherd. She was sentenced to two years less a day for manslaughter.In May 2009, the Ontario Court of Appeal allowed her to appeal her initial conviction. In February 2016, the Crown agreed her guilty plea and conviction should be struck and an acquittal should be entered in its place. Life and Career after SickKids

Around the time that his pathology work at Sick Children's received heavy scrutiny, <mask>'s marriage collapsed. <mask> resigned from Sick Children's Hospital in July 2005, to take up a position at Saskatoon City Hospital in Saskatchewan. However, he failed to mention to his new employers that he was under investigation for misconduct in Ontario; in December 2005 he was dismissed. <mask> successfully appealed, but was not reinstated because he was not licensed to practise in Saskatchewan. He pled guilty to a charge of unprofessional conduct for his failure to disclose he was under investigation by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan.On February 1, 2011, <mask> was stripped of his licence during a hearing by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario examining "disgraceful conduct". In 2017 multiple attempts to locate and contact <mask> by the CBC failed and it was unknown where he lived. Legacy

Justice Goudge's report, released on October 1, 2008 concluded that there were serious problems with the way suspicious deaths involving children are handled in Ontario. He pointed to the problems that had been found with the 20 or so problematic cases that <mask> had handled as evidence of serious problems in the Ontario system. Also in 2008, the chief forensic pathologist for Ontario began a public inquiry into 220 cases of shaken baby syndrome to determine if anyone was wrongfully convicted in the babies' deaths. See also
List of miscarriage of justice cases

References

External links
 Background biography
Injustice Busters coverage

Report and inquiry
 Goudge Inquiry
 The Charles Smith Blog by Harold Levy, a retired TorStar reporter writing a book on Smith
 Coroner's report

Living people
Canadian evangelicals
Canadian pathologists
Forensic pathologists
Members of the Christian and Missionary Alliance
People from Toronto
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Charles Randal Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Charles Smith


title: Steve Mann (inventor)

texts:
<mask> (born 8 June 1962) is a Canadian engineer, professor, and inventor who works in augmented reality, computational photography, particularly wearable computing, and high-dynamic-range imaging. <mask> is sometimes labeled the "Father of Wearable Computing" for early inventions and continuing contributions to the field. He cofounded InteraXon, makers of the Muse brain-sensing headband, and is also a founding member of the IEEE Council on Extended Intelligence (CXI). <mask> is currently CTO and cofounder at Blueberry X Technologies and Chairman of MannLab. <mask> was born in Canada, and currently lives in Toronto, Canada, with his wife and two children. Early life and education
<mask> holds a PhD in Media Arts and Sciences (1997) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.Sc., B.Eng. and M.Eng.from McMaster University in 1987, 1989 and 1992, respectively. He was also inducted into the McMaster University Alumni Hall of Fame, Alumni Gallery 2004, in recognition of his career as an inventor and teacher. While at MIT, in then Director Nicholas Negroponte's words, "<mask> … brought the seed" that founded the Wearable Computing group in the Media Lab and "<mask> is the perfect example of someone … who persisted in his vision and ended up founding a new discipline." In 2004 he was named the recipient of the 2004 Leonardo Award for Excellence for his article "Existential Technology," published in Leonardo 36:1. He is also General Chair of the IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, Associate Editor of IEEE Technology and Society, is a licensed Professional Engineer, and Senior Member of the IEEE, as well as a member of the IEEE Council on Extended Intelligence (CXI). Career
<mask> is a tenured full professor at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, with cross-appointments to the Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Faculty of Forestry at the University of Toronto, and is a Professional Engineer licensed through Professional Engineers Ontario. Ideas and inventions

Many of <mask>'s inventions pertain to the field of computational photography.Chirplet transform, 1991: <mask> was the first to propose and reduce to practice a signal representation based on a family of chirp signals, each associated with a coefficient, in a generalization of the wavelet transform that is now referred to as the chirplet transform. "Digital Eye Glass," "Eye Glass," "Glass Eye," or "Glass", 1978: a device that, when worn, causes the human eye itself to effectively become both an electronic camera and a television display. Comparametric equations, 1993: <mask> was the first to propose and implement an algorithm to estimate a camera's response function from a plurality of differently exposed images of the same subject matter. He was also the first to propose and implement an algorithm to automatically extend dynamic range in an image by combining multiple differently exposed pictures of the same subject matter. High-dynamic-range imaging (HDR): "The first report of digitally combining multiple pictures of the same scene to improve dynamic range appears to be <mask>." (Robertson et al.) <mask>'s work on wearable computing was motivated by his early computer vision systems that helped people see better (e.g.while welding, or in other high-dynamic range situations, with dynamic range management, overlays, and augmentation as well as diminishment in both the additive and subtractive sense). Hydraulophone: <mask> invented an experimental musical instrument that uses pressurized hydraulic fluid, such as water, to make sound. The instrument is played by placing the fingers in direct contact with the sound-producing hydraulic fluid, thus giving the musician a high degree of control over the musical expression in the sound. Integral kinematics and integral kinesiology: principles of negative derivatives (integrals) of displacement, such as absement (the area under the displacement-time curve), as embodied by hydraulophones (water-based instruments). This work has been built upon by others, and also forms the basis for a new way of understanding electrical engineering. See also <mask>'s 2014 paper, "Integral Kinematics (Time‐Integrals of Distance, Energy, etc.) and Integral Kinesiology."Natural user interface: In the 1980s and '90s, <mask> developed a number of user-interface strategies using natural interaction with the real world as an alternative to a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI). <mask> referred to this work as "Natural User Interfaces", "Direct User Interfaces", and "Metaphor-Free Computing"
 Scratch input, an acoustic-based method of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) that takes advantage of the characteristic sound produced when a finger nail, stick, or other object strikes or is dragged over a surface, such as a table or wall. Sensory Singularity, together with Marvin Minsky and Ray Kurzweil, <mask> proposed the theory of the "Sensularity" Sensory Singularity and cyborg-logging. Surveilluminescent wand: a device for visualizing vision and seeing sight, by way of making visible the sightfield (time-reversed lightfield) of a camera or similar computer vision sensor, using time-exposure with array of surveilluminescent lights to make visible to one camera what another camera can see. Telepointer and SixthSense, a wearable computer based on a pendant that contains a webcam and laser-based infinite depth-of-focus projector, and related technologies for gesture-based wearable computing systems. Video Orbits, 1993: <mask> was the first to produce an algorithm for automatically combining multiple pictures of the same subject matter, using algebraic projective geometry, to "stitch together" images using automatically estimated perspective correction. This is called the "Video Orbits" algorithm.<mask> also works in the fields of computer-mediated reality. He is a strong advocate of privacy rights, for which work he was an award recipient of the Chalmers Foundation in the fine arts. His work also extends to the area of sousveillance (a term he coined for "inverse surveillance"). <mask> and one of his PhD students, James Fung, together with some of his other students, have been building a cyborg community around the cyborg-logging concept. <mask>, together with Professor Ian Kerr at the University of Ottawa, has written extensively on surveillance, sousveillance, and equiveillance. "Sousveillance," a term coined by <mask>, along with the concepts that he and Kerr have developed around these ideas, have created a new dialog for cyborg technologies, as well as related personal information gathering technologies like camera phones. He has created the related concept of humanistic intelligence.In 2003, Joi Ito credited <mask> with having initiated the moblogging movement by creating a system for transmission of realtime pictures, video, and text. In particular, from 1994 to 1996, <mask> continuously transmitted his life's experiences, in real time, to his website for others to experience, interact with, and respond to. His CyborGLOGS ('glogs), such as the spontaneous reporting of news as everyday experience, were an early predecessor of 'blogs and the concept of blogging, and earlier than that, his pre-internet-era live streaming of personal documentary and cyborg communities defined cyborg-logging as a new form of social networking. Anonequity project
<mask> is presently collaborating with a number of researchers including Ian Kerr, Canada Research Chair in Ethics, Law & Technology, University of Ottawa, who teaches a course on "Cyborg Law" that uses <mask>'s book. <mask>, together with Kerr and others, are doing an SSHRC-funded project to study the Ethics, Law & Technology of anonymity, authentication, surveillance, and sousveillance, in addition to issues related to cyborg-law. The anonequity project is ongoing, and collaborator Kerr has also researched and lectured widely on implantable technologies. Media coverage
<mask> has been referred to as the "father of wearable computing", having created the first general-purpose wearable computer, in contrast to previous wearable devices that perform one specific function such as time-keeping (e.g.wristwatch); calculations (e.g. wearable abacus); or Edward O. Thorp and Claude Shannon's wearable computers, which were timing devices concealed in shoes or cigarette packs and designed for cheating at a game of roulette. <mask> has also been described as "the world's first cyborg" in Canadian popular press such as NOW, The Globe and Mail, National Post, and Toronto Life, but has himself rejected the term "cyborg" as being too vague. Publications
<mask> is author of more than 200 publications, including a textbook on electric eyeglasses and a popular culture book on day-to-day cyborg living. Selected works:
 Intelligent Image Processing
 Cyborg: Digital Destiny and Human Possibility in the Age of the Wearable Computer Randomhouse Doubleday 2001
 The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP): A Wiley Tech Brief
 International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 2003: Special Issue : Mediated Reality
 Advanced Palm Programming: Developing Real-World Applications''

McVeillance and the Mann-Wassel Law

On July 16, 2012, after numerous unsuccessful attempts to contact McDonald's, <mask> published a first-person account of a July 1, 2012 incident from when he and his family were eating dinner at BFI Champs Elysées, a McDonald's restaurant in Paris, France, as follows (excerpt):

Within a day, this incident was posted on reddit under the title "<mask>, father of wearable computing, physically assaulted by McDonald's for wearing Digital Eye Glass," quickly becoming the top post on the site. The subsequent media coverage resulted in <mask> being successful in contacting McDonald's Head of Customer Service, but only to receive a denial, not an apology. <mask> requested a review of the video surveillance recordings from the many surveillance cameras in this McDonald's establishment, but received no further replies from McDonald's.Subsequently, <mask> sent a much shorter letter, in French, to McDonald's Head of Customer Service, but also received no reply. As a result of this incident, rather than bringing legal action against McDonald's, <mask> teamed up with the IEEE (world's largest technical society), the ACLU, and some industry leaders such as the Pete Wassell, CEO of Augmate Corporation, to propose the Mann-Wassell law for presentation to the New York legislature, as well an IEEE conference on the topic of Veillance. The goal of this work is to create a legal, policy, and social climate to counteract the actions of companies like McDonald's, that are likely to have a chilling effect on the research and use of Augmediated Reality technologies in everyday life. In this context, <mask> also formalized the concept of McVeillance as placing people under surveillance while simultaneously forbidding them from using their own cameras. More precisely, McVeillance was defined as the ratio (linearly) or difference (logarithmically) of surveillance to sousveillance. McVeillance is one of the topics of the IEEE conference. News coverage
Additional news items soon appeared thereafter, e.g."Broken glass: Father of wearable computing allegedly assaulted," and "What may be the world's first cybernetic hate crime...", etc. Due to the employee's alleged rough handling of the device, which <mask> claimed was soundly attached to his head, the temporary storage buffer in the computer system could no longer be overwritten by new images, the damage to the system thus causing photos of these persons to remain stored in the glass memory. These were published, with faces concealed, on <mask>'s weblog. He also claims that his iPhone and the control board for the EyeTap were damaged after he was thrown out and his bladder released involuntarily, soaking the contents of his pockets. McDonald's has stated that their investigation of this issue has concluded, according to their response to <mask>, and McDonald's Head of Customer Service has failed to respond to an open letter from <mask>, dated 2012 August 17. McDonald's defense has been limited only to witness statements from their employees, and they have refused to answer a request to examine their surveillance videos. The shorter letter in French, also remains unanswered.Their official statement remains somewhat out-of-date as per these more recent open letter correspondences. See also
 Gordon Bell
 Ray Kurzweil
 Marvin Minsky
 Kevin Warwick
 Surveillance art
 Chorded keyboard

References

External links

 Mann's current web site as of 2015
 EyeTap Personal Imaging (ePi) Lab
 Mann's website (wearcam.org)
 Publications

Human–computer interaction researchers
1962 births
Living people
Canadian electrical engineers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
McMaster University alumni
University of Toronto faculty
People from Hamilton, Ontario
Canadian transhumanists
MIT Media Lab people
Canadian expatriate academics in the United States
20th-century Canadian engineers
21st-century Canadian engineers
Canadian inventors

masks:
William Stephen George Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Steve Mann
Steve Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Steve Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann
Mann


title: Eleanor Swift

texts:
<mask> is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley's Boalt Hall School of Law. She is best known for her work on the theory of evidence, and additionally teaches civil procedure, the legal profession, and periodic seminars. Early career
<mask> graduated from the University of Chicago Laboratory High School. Upon graduating from Yale Law School, <mask> clerked for Judge M. Joseph Blumenfeld of the U.S. District Court in Hartford and for Chief Judge David L. Bazelon of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. She then practiced in Houston with the firm of Vinson & Elkins. At Boalt

<mask> joined the Boalt faculty in 1979.She served as associate dean at Boalt from 1998 to 2000. She is also chair of the Committee on Professional Development of the Association of American Law Schools and is a past chair of the Evidence Section. From 1992 to 1997, she chaired a special faculty-student committee appointed by Dean Herma Hill Kay to develop a proposal for improving and expanding the clinical curriculum at Boalt. In 1998 she received Boalt's Rutter Award for Teaching Distinction and in 2000 she received UC Berkeley's Distinguished Teaching Award. The focus of her teaching and research is on the adversary system: the legal rules, practices, and procedures that govern civil and criminal trials. She teaches courses in Civil Procedure, Evidence, and the Legal Profession. <mask> incorporates three perspectives in her classes: theoretical, professional, and ethical."My aim," she says, "is to introduce students to the practice of law under a system of rules, to develop their ability to critique those rules, and to enable them to experience the ethical dilemmas of lawyers acting in role." Students consistently point to the effect her teaching has had on their lives. A former student says, "It would be easy for me to say that I went to the Eleanor Swift School of Law. . . .The lasting imprint of her message makes me use my legal education to make the world a slightly better place. I could never thank her enough for her instruction." Student course evaluations point to the demanding nature of the course: "Evidence is a conceptually difficult course, but her teaching brought out clear thinking," says one student. Says another, "I think this topic is pretty complex and difficult, which makes the instructor and class materials all the more impressive."One of Professor <mask>'s most lasting contributions to the Law School's teaching mission is her leadership in the establishment of Boalt's Center for Clinical Education," which brings clients in need of legal advice to Boalt, where students, directed by a faculty member, provide counsel. <mask> v. Boalt
<mask> was originally denied tenure at Boalt Hall in 1987. She initiated a suit against the University alleging sex discrimination in her tenure review process. The suit was settled with an agreement to leave the tenure decision to an outside independent review committee of distinguished academics. This committee unanimously recommended that she be promoted to tenure, which finally happened in the fall of 1989. She wrote about this experience in Becoming a Plaintiff, 4 Berkeley Women's L.J. 245 (1990).Statement of Teaching Philosophy

"The courses that I teach at the School of Law—Civil Procedure, Evidence, and Legal Profession—all focus on the adversary system. My goal is, of course, to develop students' knowledge of the legal rules, practices and procedures that govern civil and criminal trials. Equally important, however, is that students understand how these rules establish roles for the participants in the adversary system — the lawyers, their clients, the judge and the jury. I develop opportunities for students to learn how lawyers function in resolving individual and societal disputes, and to critique this function from theoretical, professional, and ethical perspectives. "Taking a theoretical perspective on the rules of the adversary system requires examination of the core values—truth (or rectitude of decision), fairness, efficiency and finality—that underlie our procedural justice system. The rules are carefully examined and debated with regard to their efficacy in promoting these values. Since these core values are often in tension, alternatives are explored and compromises are evaluated."A professional perspective on legal rules integrates both theory and practice. Students are introduced to acting in the lawyers' and judge's roles through specific role-playing techniques that I have incorporated into all of my classes. These techniques permit discussion of ethical dilemmas in the lawyer's role to arise naturally in class. "The ethical perspective emphasizes the importance of the lawyer's responsibility to the client within the adversary system. Law students tend to think of lawyers as "in charge" and it is important to expose them to the constraints on their autonomy created by a representational relationship. My aim is to introduce students to various other role dilemmas, to the incomplete answers provided by our codes of professional ethics, and hence to their own responsibility to develop their individual moral commitments both in and out of role. Finally, I also address the ethical obligation of the legal profession to provide access to our system of justice."The practice of law is challenging precisely because it is constantly working out the tension in the core values of the justice system. Legal education must train students to think competently and critically not only about the content of the law and legal rules, but also about the lawyer's role as a professional, with obligations to others, including the legal system in general, beyond self-interest. In law teaching, it is easy to focus almost exclusively on content, but to do so would be to fail in our own professional responsibility." Publications

<mask>'s recent and forthcoming publications include "One Hundred Years of Evidence Law Reform: Thayer's Triumph" in the California Law Review (2000); "Rival Claims to 'Truth'" in Hastings Law Journal (1998); and Evidence: Text, Problems and Cases, 2nd ed. (with Allen and Kuhns, 1997). References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American legal scholars
Legal educators
UC Berkeley School of Law faculty
Yale Law School alumni
University of Chicago Laboratory Schools alumni

masks:
Eleanor Swift
Eleanor Swift
Eleanor Swift
Swift
Swift
Swift
Swift
Swift
Swift