title: Gregor Robertson (politician)

texts:
<mask> (born September 18, 1964) is a Canadian entrepreneur and politician, who served as the 39th mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia, from 2008 to 2018. As mayor, <mask> oversaw the creation and implementation of the Greenest City 2020 Action Plan and spearheaded the creation of the city's first comprehensive Economic Action Strategy. <mask> was elected to the position of mayor of Vancouver as part of the Vision Vancouver slate. Prior to that, he served as a Member of the Legislative Assembly for Vancouver-Fairview, as a member of the New Democratic Party of British Columbia, from 2005 until his resignation in 2008 to run for the mayoral position. On January 10, 2018, <mask> announced in a Facebook post that he would not seek reelection later that year. Background

<mask> was born in North Vancouver in 1964. His father was an attorney with Russell Dumoulin, a prominent Vancouver law firm, and his mother was a teacher.After his parents divorced, <mask> grew up partly in Portola Valley, near San Francisco with his mother, and later with his father in North Vancouver. In 1982, he graduated from Carson Graham Secondary School in North Vancouver and attended Colorado College and the University of British Columbia, graduating from the former with a BA in English and Biology. After graduating, he intended to become a physician, but the University of British Columbia School of Medicine rejected his application. <mask> then completed Emergency Medical Technician (EMT/paramedic) training but turned his career focus to healthy food and nutrition. .

His relations include grandfather Dr. Emile Therrien, a pioneering doctor, and Dr. Norman Bethune, his grandmother's cousin, a noted anti-fascist and Communist famous for battlefield medicine in the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War. He worked on a ranch as a cowboy in the Cariboo restored a wooden sailboat and sailed across the Pacific for 18 months, accompanied by his wife, Amy, whom he had met in Colorado. They settled in New Zealand, where he was attracted to, and began, farming as a trade. After turning 25, he returned to Canada, where he purchased land in Glen Valley near Fort Langley, and made his living as a farmer there.<mask> went on to co-found Happy Planet, a Vancouver-based company that produces and markets organic fruit and vegetable beverages and soups. He was named one of Canada's "Top 40 under 40" by The Globe and Mail. He was also a Tides Canada director from 2002 until 2004, when he entered politics with the provincial New Democratic Party. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly in the 2005 election as a member of the British Columbia New Democratic Party having defeated the trade union leader Judy Darcy in a high-profile battle for the party's nomination. He then beat British Columbia Liberal Party's Virginia Greene in the general election. During his time as the MLA for Vancouver-Fairview, <mask> served as the Opposition Critic for Advanced Education, Small Business Critic and as the Co-Chair of the Caucus Climate Change Taskforce. 2008 mayoral campaign

In February 2008, <mask> announced that he would run for Mayor of Vancouver.In June 2008, <mask> secured the Vision Vancouver party's nomination as its mayoral candidate, defeating Raymond Louie and Allan De Genova. <mask> soon announced his resignation from the Legislative Assembly effective July 15, 2008. His main rival was Peter Ladner of the Non-Partisan Association. In November 2008, <mask> came under scrutiny after reporters discovered that he had an unpaid transit infraction fine from the SkyTrain system. While the public generally appeared willing to accept his explanation that the original infraction was a mistake, he was criticized by some for attempting to spin his failure to pay into a politically positive statement. <mask> ultimately paid the $173 fine. He was elected by a solid margin in the 2008 municipal election.Seven of the ten seats on Vancouver City Council also went to <mask>'s Vision Vancouver party. "It was a hard-fought campaign," he told supporters gathered at the Fairmont Hotel Vancouver, "but there is far more that unites us than divides us." <mask>'s campaign received donations from at least two American supporters. Councilor Ellen Woodsworth, who ran as part of the coalition led by <mask> in the 2008 election, later called for a ban on foreign campaign donations such as those received by <mask>. Mayoral term

Action on homelessness
Under <mask>'s leadership, Vancouver City Council made important progress in reducing homelessness, including the approval of more than 600 temporary modular homes; however, providing safe and affordable housing for Vancouver's most vulnerable residents continues to be a challenge. The 12th annual Homeless Count in Vancouver held in 2018 saw a 2% increase in homeless residents since the 2017 count, compared with a 16% increase between 2016 and 2017. Of those counted in 2018, 659 were living on the street and 1,522 were living in shelters, compared to 537 street homeless and 1,601 sheltered in 2017.Fifty-two per cent of those counted reported being homeless for less than a year, showing the fluidity of homelessness year over year in Vancouver, and in 2017, the Homelessness Service's Outreach Team secured 850 homes for residents who were homeless or at risk of homelessness. In September 2017, the Government of British Columbia announced a funding commitment of $66 million towards building 600 units of temporary modular housing in Vancouver. In partnership with the B.C Government, temporary modular homes are being built in a matter of months on empty or underutilized City-owned land, providing immediate relief to hundreds of people living without a home, as well as access to 24/7 supports, including life skills training and health services. Issues of marginalized people

Mental health advocate position
During the 2008 campaign, <mask> promised he would establish a mental health advocate position, as previously recommended by Vision Vancouver councilor Heather Deal. In September 2009, it was announced that there were no plans to do so, and that instead the task would be added to the responsibilities of city staff. Homeless Emergency Action Team (HEAT)
On December 9, 2008, he announced low-barrier HEAT shelters to assist Vancouver’s homeless citizens during an extremely cold winter, which were filled to capacity. Two of the shelters in a residential neighbourhood near a daycare centre and senior housing facility at the North end of the Granville Street Bridge were controversial.Community residents cited concerns with lack of public consultation, fights, public urination, defecation, public sex, and open drug use. British Columbia Housing Minister Rich Coleman cited the need for laying out rules of operation and the need for better community consultation. He called <mask>'s bargaining on housing homeless people "amateurish" and later apologized for the remark. <mask> reached an agreement with Housing Minister Rich Coleman and came to a mutual decision to close one shelter and reassess another. The second controversial shelter shut down on August 5, 2009, as alternate housing was found. Later that year, Penny Ballem, the unelected city manager, notified council about a federal proposal from the Mental Health Commission of Canada to address the homeless crisis by turning the 102-room low-budget Bosman's Hotel on Howe Street near Helmcken Street into an experiment designed to see if aggressive health treatment along with housing could help the same target population. Council will decide on the proposal in the Fall of 2009.Council member Kerry Jang was said to be behind the Vancouver portion of the project. On September 15, 2009, Vancouver city staff issued a report warning <mask> and the City Council that they should no longer expect the HEAT shelters to be funded after the 2009–2010 fiscal year. On January 5, 2010, <mask> announced that the controversial shelter at 1435 Granville Street, in a predominantly residential neighbourhood, would re-open the following day without robust neighbourhood consultations. It is scheduled to close by April 30, 2010. The city is planning an open house approximately two weeks after re-opening the shelter. Green issues

Greenest City Action Team
On February 25, 2009, <mask> announced the members of the Greenest City Action Team in support of his campaign promise to make Vancouver the greenest city in the world. In April 2009, <mask> and the Greenest City Action Team released a report outlining quick-start recommendations to move aggressively on its green plan.The report focused on three key areas: jobs and the economy, greener communities, and protecting human health. China democracy controversy
In September 2010 on a trip to China, <mask> was questioned about working with an authoritarian regime by the CBC to which he responded, "You can question how worthwhile democracy is in a lot of countries right now." Upon returning to Canada he later admitted he was guilty of a "poor choice of words". Transportation issues

Canada Line

<mask> was a strong supporter of Cambie Street merchants and spoke regularly about hardships from the Canada Line construction. He called the handling of the rail line construction an "injustice". On March 23, 2009, <mask> testified in a lawsuit brought by a Cambie Street plebiscite merchant in the B.C. Supreme Court regarding damage to her business from the construction, a lawsuit for which the merchant was awarded $600,000 by the B.C.Supreme Court because in part there was insufficient action to mitigate the effects of Canada Line construction on Cambie Street merchants. This decision was later appealed and overturned at the B.C. Court of Appeal on February 18, 2012. On the Canada Line opening day of August 17, 2009, <mask> said Greater Vancouver needed more rapid transit but the Canada Line was a "great start" and that he was a "Johnny-come-lately" to the project. Arbutus rail corridor
The City of Vancouver has been trying to acquire the disused railway line running adjacent to Arbutus Street from Marpole to Granville Island. The line is private property owned by CP who have been trying to sell it to the City of Vancouver after many citizens objected to their plans to develop it for housing. Toll proposal
On September 17, 2009, <mask> called for adding a toll to the Sea-to-Sky Highway, the primary driving route between Vancouver and Whistler, British Columbia, and to all major crossings of the Fraser River to help fund Translink.British Columbia Minister of Transportation Shirley Bond dismissed the proposal by stating that the Province has no plans to add a toll to the Sea-to-Sky Highway, and that the Province was not contemplating a change in tolling strategy. Bicycling issues
<mask> became mayor of Vancouver at a time in history when cities worldwide had been installing advanced cycling infrastructure. This caused him to be associated with cycling in media and the public eye. The same effect happened to mayors in other cities around the same time. In an April 2008 speech to a Critical Mass rally, <mask> requested the assistance of Critical Mass riders to help get him elected. He took part in the April 2008 ride by illegally riding without a helmet to show his support for the protesters. However, in July 2009, after he was elected, he expressed that he was "pissed off" at Critical Mass because organizers had not announced the route for the next ride and would not participate.Vancouver's Critical Mass does not plan its routes. Cycling had been growing in popularity in Vancouver as it has all over the world and the desire of its citizens to cycle for at least some of their trips had been growing for decades however little was done before July 2009 when the Burrard Bridge bicycle lane trial was initiated to determine whether creating a new protected bike lane was a viable solution to increase the safety and comfort of people cycling and walking while still maintaining an effective flow of traffic. During his mayorship, the City's flagship project was the Seaside Greenway, running from downtown Vancouver to the Jericho Beach. This active transportation corridor was created by repurposing one lane of automobile traffic from the Burrard Bridge as well as blocking through vehicular traffic from the prestigious Point Grey Road. Open microphone controversy
In July 2010, <mask> was caught on an open microphone referring to speakers from the public at a council session as, "Who are all these fucking...who are these hacks, man? Are they...they NPA hacks?" <mask> and Councilors Tim Stevenson and Heather Deal went on to mock and laugh at the speakers who had called for greater transparency in the selection of a 12-person committee that will advise council on rezoning.<mask>'s tirade became a YouTube sensation, which led to him making a public apology. Representatives of the speakers felt that the profanity was not the issue, but the disrespect of citizens who were attempting to voice their concerns. City logo outburst
In 2017, the city announced its proposal of a new logo. After spending $8,000 on the concept, the public was quick to jump on the opposition. The idea was described by graphic designers as "Uninspiring and a huge missed opportunity at rebranding the west coast metropolis." According to the CBC, <mask> lost his temper when asked about the logo. The change was suspended.Gordon Campbell comments controversy
On March 30, 2009, <mask> gave a glowing introduction for Premier Gordon Campbell, the leader of the British Columbia Liberal Party. On April 9, 2009, a member of <mask>'s Vision Vancouver caucus, Geoff Meggs, stated that <mask> regretted the language he used as being "unguarded" and that it was intended to build a relationship with the governing provincial party. However <mask> lost support from a former Vision Vancouver executive board member, who resigned from Vision Vancouver on May 7, 2009, and stated he was encouraging other members to do the same, based on his claim that <mask> had not responded to a message the member had sent regarding his concerns about the Campbell remarks. The member was concerned that <mask> had not publicly addressed concerns or explained the issue to Vision Vancouver members. The member accused <mask> of "tremendous disrespect" and "an incredible lack of leadership and a respect for your colleagues." <mask> stated, "I was over-exuberant in introducing the premier to an international audience...There were almost no voters there. I wasn’t thinking politically...But given that we’re so close to an election, some of my comments were misconstrued by people."On May 19, 2009, <mask> sent a congratulatory letter to Campbell with a handwritten note that started with "Congrats" and continued, "looking forward to a very productive run-up to the Games and a strong partnership for Vancouver’s future!" Bylaw changes

In July 2009, <mask> led the Vancouver City Council to pass several bylaw changes—including security checkpoints, closed-circuit cameras, prohibition of "disturbance or nuisance interfering with the enjoyment of entertainment on city land by other persons", and prohibition of commercial flyers at celebration sites—which were controversial for some civil liberties advocates who argued that they "make it more difficult to exercise [the] fundamental constitutional rights to free speech, peaceful assembly and free expression." As part of the changes city manager Penny Ballem, an unelected official, was given special powers that were referred to by Coalition of Progressive Electors councilor Ellen Woodsworth as "wide open carte blanche." <mask> defended council's position, explaining the bylaw changes were necessary given what Vancouver is expected to achieve in February 2010. According to <mask>, "It is our ultimate obligation to ensure the safety and security of people who are in our city and this, I think, addresses a lot of the concerns proactively on that level while respecting the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This is a temporary set of changes we're putting it in place for a special event." <mask> also implemented a bylaw in April 2014 that prevented homeowners from cutting trees down on their own private property.The bylaw was proposed due to the rapid reduction in tree cover in the City of Vancouver. Many of the trees had been removed by property developers, with the blessing of the City Council, yet it is homeowners who are suffering from the restrictions. Legal experts believe that the bylaw is unconstitutional and a Supreme Court case will be imminent. Vancouver charter amendment
On January 12, 2009, <mask> requested an amendment to the Vancouver Charter to allow the city to borrow $458 million to fund the completion of the 2010 Olympic Village in False Creek without seeking approval from taxpayers in an election-day plebiscite. <mask> said this was due to extraordinary circumstances. The amendment was passed on January 18, 2009, in an emergency session of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Vancouver Stanley Cup riot
On June 15, 2011, the 2011 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot occurred after a Vancouver Canucks loss in game 7 of the Stanley Cup final.<mask> attributed the situation to "a small group of troublemakers". Bob Whitelaw, author of a report into the 1994 Vancouver Stanley Cup riot, indicated that authorities had made several mistakes in the planning for the crowd—among them allowing parked cars near the screens and leaving newspaper boxes nearby which could be used as projectiles. It was later claimed by Vancouver Police Chief Jim Chu that Bob Whitelaw was not a contributor to the final report, and that all recommendations of the final report had been followed. <mask> admitted to not having read the 1994 report. Suzanne Anton dubbed the riot as "Robertson's Riot", a moniker which was picked up by some media outlets. <mask> later accepted some of the responsibility for allowing the riot to occur. 2014 Vancouver civic election
On November 15, 2014, <mask> was re-elected as Mayor of Vancouver, defeating opponent Kirk LaPointe by 5 percent.Family
<mask> was married to Amy, whom he met at Colorado College, and they have three children. In 2012, <mask>'s foster son Jinagh was arrested on cocaine and firearms charges. On July 5, 2014, the <mask>s announced their separation in a joint statement. <mask> was the partner of pop singer Wanting Qu from January 2015 to May 2017. In 2013, <mask> moved from the South Cambie neighbourhood of Vancouver to Kitsilano. <mask> is also a tuba player; he and his former MLA colleague Nicholas Simons performed on country-punk musician Slim Milkie's 2010 album Silverado. He is a distant relative of Norman Bethune.His grandmother was a first cousin of the Canadian doctor, a hero of the mainland Chinese Communist Revolution. In December 2020, <mask> and Eileen Park got married in Stanley Park. Election results

2008 election for mayor

2011 election for mayor

2014 election for mayor

References

External links

1964 births
Businesspeople from Vancouver
Canadian drink industry businesspeople
British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs
Canadian chief executives
Canadian expatriates in New Zealand
Canadian farmers
Colorado College alumni
Living people
Mayors of Vancouver
People from Langley, British Columbia (city)
People from North Vancouver
21st-century Canadian politicians

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Gregor Angus Bethune Robertson
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title: Bernie Dresel

type: original

texts:
<mask>. (born November 12, 1961) is an American studio drummer and percussionist. He has been with multi-Grammy award-winning artists and recordings; most notably having performed and recorded extensively with The Brian Setzer Orchestra and Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band. The BBB Featuring <mask> (his own big band) has been performing since 2014 in numerous, prominent venues in Los Angeles and has recorded two notable CDs. He has recorded on numerous television shows and close to 60 movie soundtracks to include The Simpsons, Family Guy, King of the Hill, The Sopranos, Incredibles 2, The Bourne Supremacy, Cars 2, Up, Super 8, The Mask and Elf. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born on November 12, 1961 in Sharon, Pennsylvania. His parents gave him a toy paper-head drum kit at age two. He was inspired by seeing Ringo Starr and the Beatles perform on the Ed Sullivan Show, received a copy of  Meet The Beatles from his grandmother, and started drum lessons at the age of four and a half.Through the age of seventeen, Dresel studied with Robert Bydell, the timpanist with the Youngstown Symphony. He played music in elementary school programs and participated in drum corps ensembles. In 1970 at age 10 he won three national drum competitions at the NBTA National Championship held at Notre Dame University in South Bend, Indiana. After graduating from high school in 1979 he enrolled in the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York to study orchestral drumming and majored in music education. His younger brother, <mask>, is a drummer who has performed on the television show Jimmy Kimmel Live. Move to Los Angeles
After graduating from Eastman in 1983, Dresel moved to Los Angeles. He intended to complete the California CBEST teaching certification test, but within three weeks he got a job at Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas supporting the Albaricci Sisters.He went on tour for six months with The Lettermen and in 1986 with Maynard Ferguson. A former classmate at Eastman recommended him for a job in the studio band for the television show Our House. After that he became a session musician for television and films. He performed wit his idol Ringo Starr on the Dame Edna television series. He recorded on the Man of Steel soundtrack by Hans Zimmer. In 1992 <mask> was asked to join Brian Setzer's 16-piece rockabilly big band for two performances. Committed to a previously scheduled engagement, Dresel had to decline the first offer.Receiving a second call informing him that Setzer wanted him for an extended tour, he permanently joined the Brian Setzer Orchestra. <mask> recorded and toured with the Brian Setzer Orchestra over the next 15 years recording four albums (until 2006). The triple-platinum album The Dirty Boogie was released in 1998 and reached number 9 on the Billboard Top 200 albums. The top 40 hit single from the album "Jump, Jive an' Wail" won the 1999 Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals and the song "Sleepwalk" won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. He recorded with Setzer on Ignition!, Nitro Burnin' Funny Daddy and Rockabilly Riot. <mask> was the drummer for Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band since its beginning in 2000 until 2015, appearing on ten recordings. The Big Phat Band  won three Grammy Awards in 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2011.Other albums Dresel appears on include David Byrne's The Forest (1998), Keiko Matsui's Cherry Blossoms (1992),  Orange Crate Art (1995) by Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks, Andy Summers' Green Chimneys: The Music of Thelonious Monk (1999), Big Bad Voodoo Daddy's How Big Can You Get? : The Music of Cab Calloway (2009) and Michael Feinstein's The Sinatra Project, Vol. 2: The Good Life (2011). Since 2014 <mask> has been leading two bands: the funk band BERN and The BBB Featuring <mask>. <mask> and Bill Cunliffe led the band Porcupine. <mask> has been on the faculty of University of Nevada Las Vegas and taught private lessons in Los Angeles. He created video lessons and wrote two Big Phat Band Play-Along Series (Volume 1 and Volume 2) for drums with Gordon Goodwin.He has worked at educational conferences such as ASMAC, PASIC, and the Jazz Education Network. Awards and honors

Grammy Awards
 Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album - Life in the Bubble (2016)
 Best Pop Instrumental Performance - Caravan (2000)
 Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals - Jump Jive An' Wail (1998)

Grammy Award nominations
 Best Pop Instrumental Performance - Sleepwalk (2010)
 Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album - Act Your Age (2008)
 Best Classical Crossover Album - Wolfgang's Big Night Out (2007)
 Best Pop Instrumental Performance - My Favorite Things (2006)
 Best Pop Instrumental Performance - Rat Pack Boogie (2004)
 Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album – XXL (2003)
 Best Pop Instrumental Performance - The Nutcracker Suite (2003)

Other awards
 Drum! Magazine: On list of "53 Heavyweight Drummers Who Made a Difference in the 90's"
 Drum! Magazine: 2002 "Drummie Award" Best Big Band Drummer
 Modern Drummer Magazine: 1999 "Best Big Band Drummer"

Discography

As leader
 Live N' Bernin'  (Monster Music, 2016)
 Bern Bern Bern (DIG-IT. 2018)
 The Pugilist (DIG-IT. 2021)

As sideman
With Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band
 Swingin' for the Fences (Immergent, 2001)
 XXL (Silverline, 2003)
 The Phat Pack (Silverline, 2006)
 Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas (Immergent, 2006)
 Act Your Age (Immergent, 2008)
 Dave Siebels With: Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band (PBGL, 2009)
 That's How We Roll (Telarc, 2011)
 Life in the Bubble (Telarc, 2014)
 A Big Phat Christmas (Allegro, 2015)

With Gloria Loring
 Is There Anybody Out There (USA Music Group, 1994)
 Friends & Lovers (LML, 2005)

With Keiko Matsui
 Night Waltz (CGR, 1991)
 Cherry Blossom (White Cat, 1992)
 A Drop of Water (White Cat, 1993)
 Dream Walk (Countdown, 1996)
 Full Moon and the Shine (Countdown, 1998)

With Eddy Mitchell
 Frenchy (Polydor, 2003)
 Jambalaya (Polydor, 2006)
 La Meme Tribu Volume 1+2 (Polydor, 2018)

With Van Dyke Parks
 Orange Crate Art (Warner Bros., 1995)
 Moonlighting: Live at the Ash Grove (Warner Bros., 1998)

With Brian Setzer
 The Brian Setzer Orchestra (1994)
 Guitar Slinger (1996)
 The Dirty Boogie (1998)
 Vavoom!(2000)
 Jumpin' East of Java (2001)
 Ignition! (2001)
 Boogie Woogie Christmas (2002)
 Nitro Burnin' Funny Daddy (2003)
 Dig That Crazy Christmas (2005)
 Rockabilly Riot (2005)
 13 (2006)
 Wolfgang's Big Night Out (2007)
 Songs from Lonely Avenue (2009)
 Don't Mess With a Big Band (Live!) (2010)
 Rockin' Rudolph (2015)

With others
 Carl Anderson, Pieces of a Heart (1991)
 Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, How Big Can You Get? : The Music of Cab Calloway (Big Bad, 2009)
 Alf Clausen Jazz Orchestra, Swing Can Really Hang You Up the Most (NoDak, 2005)
 José Feliciano, Americano (1996)
 Arthur Hanlon, Encuentros (1999)
 Gerry Mulligan, Legacy (1996)
 Reiner Schöne, Gnadenlos Verliebt (Koch, 1995)
 2AM At The Sands featuring Andrew Samonsky

Film and television soundtracks

Film
 The Bourne Supremacy
 Incredibles 2
 Jurassic World
 Superman: Man of Steel
 Mission: Impossible III
 Star Trek
 Superman Vs. Batman
 Whiplash
 Zootopia

Television
 The Cleveland Show
 Diagnosis Murder
 Family Guy
 Frasier
 It's Gary Shandling's Show
 King of the Hill
 Murder She Wrote
 Star Trek Next Generation
 Star Trek Voyager
 The Simpsons
 The Sopranos
 American Comedy Awards
 American Music Awards
 Emmy Awards
 The Golden Globes
 Screen Actors Guild Awards

References

External links

1961 births
American jazz drummers
20th-century American drummers
21st-century American drummers
American male drummers
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
American male jazz musicians
Living people
People from Sharon, Pennsylvania
Eastman School of Music alumni
University of Nevada, Las Vegas faculty
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Bernard John Dresel Jr
Bernie Dresel
Dresel
Jonathan Dresel
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Bernie Dresel
Dresel
Dresel


title: Alexander Mantashev

texts:
<mask> (, Aleksandr Mantashiants; , <mask>; 3 March 1842 – 19 April 1911) was a prominent Russian oil magnate, industrialist, financier, and a philanthropist of the Armenian origin. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest individuals. Early life
Born in Tiflis, Tiflis Governorate, Russian Empire, Mantashev spent most of his childhood in Tabriz, in northern Iran, where his father was involved in the cotton and textile trade. Being the only son, he was involved in his father's business affairs early on. In 1869, he moved to Manchester (known as Cottonopolis in the 19th century), a major center of cotton and textile processing industries, from where he helped ship goods to his father in Tabriz. Mantashev's stay in Manchester played an important role in the development of his character. Not only did he learn the secrets and crafts of the textile industry in Manchester, but he also delved into the intricacies of European business and English culture.During this period he learned the English, French, and German languages. In 1872, Mantashev returned to Tiflis with his father. In the first floor of the hotel Caucasus, located in Erivansky Square, the Mantashevs opened a cotton store, then another one, eventually becoming fully engaged in the wholesale textile trade. After his father's death in 1887, <mask> purchased most of the shares of the Tiflis Central Commercial Bank — thus becoming its principal shareholder, and then the Chairman of the Board of the Bank. The bank was involved in almost every aspect of trade in the Caucasus. Incidentally, Tifkombank was the only financial institution in the Caucasus whose shares traded on the Saint Petersburg Stock Exchange. In the early 1890s, <mask> was already a 1st guild merchant and a Speaker of the Tiflis duma.It was then that he became interested in a new business venture, when he was looking into the prospects of Baku oil. Oil tycoon

This was the epoch of the world oil trade. The underground black liquid promised entrepreneurs incredible profits and opened ambitious prospects. The only requirements were a large investment and the ability to run the business. These Mantashev had. His chief accountant recalled that not a single document went into effect without <mask>'s resolution, "Asttsov" ("with God" in Armenian). Mantashev, not being afraid of high risk investments, bought (together with another Armenian colleague, Michael Aramyants) unprofitable oil wells in Baku that very soon became profitable.In 1894 he created a tentative association along with the other major oil interests in Russia, the Nobels and the Rothschilds, in order to cooperate in the marketing of petroleum products within certain geographical areas. This was in response to Standard Oil's aggressive marketing policy. In 1896, during a trip to Egypt, Mantashev met Calouste Gulbenkian who was fleeing the Ottoman Empire with his family as a result of the Hamidian massacres. Mantashev introduced Gulbenkian to the right circles in Cairo, including Sir Evelyn Baring. For refining oil, Mantashev built a kerosene plant in Baku, as well as a lubricant plant and a marine refinery for pumping oil and fuel to vessels. His company owned a factory for the fabrication of canisters for the packaging and storage of oil in Batumi, a mechanical workshop in Zabrat, an oil pumping station in Odessa, and even one hundred freight cars circulating in the southwestern railways of Russia. (The young Joseph Stalin organized strikes in Mantashev's Batumi factory and participated in street demonstrations in 1902.)In England Mantashev bought two tankers, which supplied oil to India, China, Japan and the Mediterranean countries. In 1899 he created the trading house "A.I. Mantashev and Co.", opening representative offices and warehouses in the major cities of Europe and Asia: Smyrna, Thessaloniki, Constantinople, Alexandria, Cairo, Port Said, Damascus, Paris, London, Bombay and Shanghai. Mantashev became a shareholder in a number of oil companies, among them the Nobel Brothers. 51.3% of the total stock of oil and 66.8% of the oil content in the Caspian Sea was centered on the firm. In 1904, it was the third largest oil company in Baku, next to only the Nobel Brothers and the Caspian Sea Society of the Rothschild brothers. Once while riding on a train from Vienna to Paris, Mantashev was accompanied by a silent passenger in the same car.Mantashev failed in all his attempts to communicate with the passenger. Only when it came to the subject of Baku oil did the silent passenger become talkative. During their discussion he had asked several professional questions regarding oil and had mentioned that the only person he had heard of in Baku was <mask>v. Mantashev smiled and introduced himself. The conversation stalled thereafter. In Paris, they shook hands and parted. A few days later Mantashev was invited to a cocktail party by Britain's Baron Rothschild.It became clear that the Baron had been the silent passenger on the train because the personal invitation contained several lines regarding their encounter on the train. Mantashev funded the Baku-Batumi pipeline which was launched in 1907, becoming the world's longest pipeline, 835 kilometers long. From 1899 to 1909, his company by volume of fixed capital (22 million rubles) was the largest in Russian industry. It is said that before buying oil wells Mantashev personally examined them. He knew that a rich deposit may suddenly dry up, and vice versa: a well seemingly lacking in prospects could end up as a rich fountain. Surrounded by a group of geologists and petroleum engineers, he visited the sites asking countless questions, carefully studying land-color, softness etc. ; he even smelled the land.Mantashev always inquired into the status of the neighbouring sites, often seemingly choosing them at random and saying : "It's here, start digging." No one could understand what it was that made him choose that particular spot. But his decision was always final. The great paradox was that when drilling commenced, an oil fountain was almost always discovered. Philanthropist

Along with twelve like-minded people he founded the "Armenian Charitable Society in the Caucasus". He donated 300,000 rubles towards the building of the Nersessian spiritual academy. He donated 250,000 rubles to the holy town of Echmiadzin for the building of the residence of the Catholicos of All Armenians (construction completed in 1914).Mantashev hand-picked fifty talented young Armenians and sent over two hundred to study at the best universities of Russia and Europe. Among them was the famous Armenian composer Komitas, Hrachya Acharyan and the controversial Communist revolutionary Stepan Shahumyan as well as others who became famous later on. The most famous donation made by Mantashev remains the Armenian Church of St. John the Baptist in Paris on Jean Goujon street. He explained that he chose Paris because that's the city where he sinned most. During its construction in 1904 Mantashev spent 1,540,000 francs. For this act, the President of France gave <mask>v the Order of the Legion of Honor. Personality and legacy

Despite all of his wealth Mantashev led a modest lifestyle.He did not like gold and never wore jewellery. He only attached a fresh flower to his vest. He did not have an entourage and enjoyed travelling by tram in Tiflis. It is said that Mantashev only carried with him 20 gold coins and five rubles. Mantashev loved the theatre. In Tiflis he built the Pitoewski Theatre (now the Rustaveli Theatre). In the Academie National de Musique of Paris he had a personal lounge.He intended to build a similar theatre in Yerevan. The Small Hall of the Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra was also built by him. Mantashev died on 19 April 1911 in Saint Petersburg. His body was moved to Tiflis and buried next to his wife at the cemetery of Vank Cathedral which was being restored at the time with his donations. After the October Revolution of 1917, his company ceased to exist along with all the other oil companies in Russia. In 1933, by the order of Lavrentiy Beria, the Vank Cathedral was destroyed along with the cemetery where Mantashev was buried. Today he is remembered in Tbilisi for his charity, where many of his buildings are still standing, and in Yerevan, where a downtown street was named after him along with a major luxury goods store.A monument of Mantashian has been erected in Yerevan in April 2012. Notes

References
  Журнал ЕРЕВАН, N. 3–4, July–August 2005, pp. 44–49. Businesspeople in the oil industry
Armenian businesspeople in the oil industry
Ethnic Armenian businesspeople
Ethnic Armenian philanthropists
Georgian people of Armenian descent
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Businesspeople from Tbilisi
1842 births
1911 deaths
19th-century philanthropists

masks:
Alexander Mantashev
Aleksandr Ivanovich Mantashev
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander Mantashe
Alexander Mantashe


title: Bronisław von Poźniak

texts:
<mask> (Polish <mask>, [pɔʑɲ̩ak]), (26 August 1887 – 20 April 1953) was an Austro-German pianist of Polish descent, piano teacher, music writer and editor. Life and activity
Pozniak was born in Lviv in the Austrian part of the then divided Poland, the seventh child of an engineer and Austrian civil servant from Polish nobility. Her mother came from a humble background. Her father was a customs official. The young Bronislaw's early interest in music met with little approval from his parents at first, as a civil service career had been planned for him. However, as his talent for music, especially for playing the piano, became more and more apparent, his parents gradually gave up their resistance. After the family moved to Krakow, he received lessons from renowned teachers at the conservatoire such as Felicjan Szopski (1865–1939),  (1875–1951) and Władysław Żeleński (1837–1921).After graduating from high school, he attended a newly founded commercial college in Krakow, where it was possible to take the state examination after studying for only two semesters. Only on this condition did his father agree to the artist's career. After initial artistic successes in Lviv and later in Krakow, Pozniak continued his studies in Berlin at the financial sacrifice of his father. Arthur Rubinstein had recommended Pozniak to his own teacher Karl Heinrich Barth, a relentless piano professor at the Berlin University of the Arts who was feared by many, who had such distinguished students as Wilhelm Kempff and Heinrich Neuhaus. There in Berlin, the foundations were laid for the most important components of Pozniak's later work. In addition to solo concertizing, these were above all his great interest in pedagogical activity (he began teaching at the Ochs-Eichelberger Conservatory in Berlin while still a student) and his passion for chamber music, which then led to the formation of a piano trio. Material hardship accompanied the artistic activities of the now independent musician in Berlin.In 1915, Pozniak took over a piano class at the conservatory in Breslau, which was in a rather desolate state. The Silesian capital remained Pozniak's main place of activity for the next 30 years until his flight on 3 February 1945. From 1918 to 1936, Pozniak worked at the Silesian Conservatory and he also took over the master class for pianists when this institution was transformed into the "Landesmusikschule" in 1936. From 1919 to 1925, Pozniak also taught at the Cieplik Conservatory in Beuthene, Upper Silesia, and from 1929 to 1931, he was in charge of the master class at the "Polish Music Association Conservatory" in Lviv, which he supplied once a month from Wroclaw. The appointment to this post was a special honour, as it was the class once supervised by Chopin's pupil Karol Mikuli. Together with the full professor of musicology at the Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau Arnold Schmitz (1893–1980), Pozniak advocated the creation of the "University Institute for Music Education and Church Music", an extension of the Institute for Church Music, headed by Schmitz and affiliated to the university, and also became head of the piano department there. Pozniak's extensive pedagogical work, especially in Breslau, but also in other parts of Silesia and the great success of his pupils at regularly organised recitals and concerts made him a sought-after piano teacher to whom pupils flocked from all parts of the country and especially from the eastern countries.Of the many students, the most successful was the pianist Josef Wagner (1900–1947), Prize winner of the International Chopin Piano Competition 1932 in Warsaw. Also Hans Otte, Hans Pischner, Gerhard Wohlgemuth, <mask> Borck, Hans-Georg Burghardt and many other notable musicians were students of Pozniak. In addition to this pedagogical work, there was intensive solo activity, performances in piano duos and, above all, concert tours with his trio to the most important cities in Europe. The Pozniak Trio, founded in 1923, played in changing line-ups was one of the leading chamber music associations in Europe. Pozniak's trio partners in the string section included violinists Hugo Birkigt (1885–1944), Hugo Kortschak (1884–1957), Rudolf Deman (1880–1960), Géza de Kresz (1882–1959), Karl Freund (1904–1955), Hans Dünschede (1907–1999), Eugen Forster, Hans Bassermann (1888–1967), Johannes Bastiaan (1911–2012)<ref>Hans Bastiaan (1911 in Nuremberg – 11 October 2012) became known more recently for his participation as a contemporary witness in the film Das Reichsorchester. The Berlin Philharmonic and National Socialism. Documentary by Enrique Sánchez Lansch.Broadcast on 29 November 2007, on ARD.</ref> as well as the cellists Hugo Dechert (1860–1923), Hans Kindler (1892–1949), Heinz Beyer, Joseph Schuster (1903–1969), Jascha Bernstein, Bernhard Günther, Sigrid Succo and Gregor Piatigorsky (1903–1976). In addition to the (pre)classical-romantic repertoire, the Pozniak Trio also devoted itself intensively to contemporary composers, such as Hans Pfitzner, Hans Gál, Paul Juon, Paul Kletzki, Egon Kornauth, Ludomir Różycki and Hans-Georg Burghardt. When the Second World War broke out, Pozniak was harassed by the National Socialists as a 'Pole' and 'foreigner', although he had in the meantime obtained German citizenship. Because he played music with Jewish artists, he was blacklisted by the National Socialist rulers, suspended from service at the university institute for a year, but then reinstated. His solo activities and performances with the Pozniak Trio were also boycotted in Silesia for the same reason, and he had to answer to two Gestapo trials after being denounced. Fleeing the Russian army from Breslau on 3 February 1945, Pozniak and his family first went to Markranstädt, then in August 1945 to Leipzig, where he stayed for three and a half years, and later to Halle. In his memoirs Pozniak, now homeless, unemployed and almost penniless, describes the difficulties the unwelcome and ill-treated refugees had to contend with and how he, the once celebrated and popular pianist and teacher, had to stand his ground against the united front of hostile colleagues.Efforts to revive the Pozniak Trio initially failed due to administrative harassment. Targeted negative concert reviews by the press added to the problem. A small group of musicians, such as Günther Ramin, Walter Niemann, Wilhelm Weismann, and his students stuck by him, whose family had to live on the small earnings of the younger son. But despite all resistance, he succeeded in regaining a foothold in the pedagogical as well as the artistic field. Wilhelm Weismann, then editor at Edition Peters, succeeded in entrusting Pozniak with the New Edition of the Piano Works of Frédéric Chopin, organised on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the death of Frédéric Chopin in 1949, and also supported him in the completion of the book Chopin. Praktische Anweisungen für das Studium der Chopin-Werke, which was then published by Mitteldeutscher Verlag in Halle in 1949. In the meantime, Pozniak had been appointed professor in Halle by Hans Stieber, the first rector of the , which was newly founded in 1947, as well as Sigfrid Grundeis, known as a Liszt player, with whom he was on friendly terms.Klaus Suckel: Musikalische Wurzeln.State College for Theatre and Music Halle. In scientia halensis. 7. jg. 1999/4. Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg 1999. . At the same time, Pozniak taught at the Institute for Music Education at the Faculty of Education of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. The number of students in Leipzig and Halle grew, making it difficult to cope with the work. Pozniak decided, partly because of the political situation which did not allow performances abroad, to give up concertizing and devote himself to publishing work in addition to his pedagogical activities.In addition to the improved new edition of the "ABC des Klavierspielers", which was published by Robert Forberg in 1948, Pozniak prepared a new edition of the Piano Sonatas of Ludwig van Beethoven for the Mitteldeutsche Verlag in Halle, of which only the first volume could be completed and which was then taken over by Edition Peters in Leipzig. Also for Edition Peters, he published an album Piano Music of Russian and Soviet Masters in 1953 (Edition Peters No. 4574). The enormous workload, the sometimes adverse living conditions, the unresolved fate of his eldest son Jan, who had been missing during the war, exhausted the strength of the musician, who was also admired by young people in his new homeland. Pozniak died of heart disease in Halle on 20 April 1953 at the age of 65. He is buried in the cemetery in Nottensdorf, the home of his youngest son Andreas (d. 2013). A commemorative plaque in the entrance hall of Villa Lehman in Halle, the former seat of the State University for Theatre and Music, commemorates the great pianist and pedagogue, who explicitly understood his work as a contribution to the reparation of past atrocities and to understanding between the Polish and German people.Appreciation

 Piano pedagogy and Chopin playing
When Pozniak edited his writings, the sometimes bitter disputes, especially in the first quarter of the 20th century, between the advocates of the older piano methodology (emphasis on finger technique) and the various reformers (emphasis on weight technique in piano) were still going on. The focus was on the weight technique of Rudolf Maria Breithaupt and its uncompromising rejection by Elisabeth Caland in favour of the use of the back muscles and the lowering of the shoulder blades. Pozniak dispenses with theoretical discussions and approaches the problems of piano playing from the practical side. He takes a

masks:
Bronislaw Ritter von Pozniak
Bronisław Poźniak
Edmund von


title: Bronisław von Poźniak

texts:
 more mediating position, balancing the extremes. The starting point for him is also the training of the fingers, but without the exaggerated pulling up of the fingers, which often leads to playing damage and is usually accompanied by cramping of the muscles. He emphasises the importance of relaxation (he uses the term free stretching to characterise the feeling of comfort and freedom) and avoiding unnecessary movements. Great care is also advised in tensioning and stretching exercises.With his new ideas, Pozniak thus became a pioneer of today's views on the problem of playing damage and its prevention. The types of touch necessary for playing the piano are systematised and discussed using examples. In addition to active finger playing, weight playing is used especially in the shaping of cantilenas. Pozniak rejects the outdated, inaccurate pedal signs, some of which are still in use today. He favours (see his edition of the Beethoven Sonatas) the exact pedal signs of Theodor Wiehmeyer, which, however, have not become established and are not used in his own edition of Chopin's piano works. In his Chopin book, reference is made again and again to the elementary descriptions of the "ABC of the Piano Player". Just as simplicity and naturalness are methodological principles in the technical field, the same basic principles apply to the interpretation of Chopin's piano works.Pozniak sees himself as a preserver of the tradition of Polish Chopin playing as taught by Karol Mikuli, Chopin's pupil, in Lemberg. He opposes the excessive emphasis on the technical side of Chopin's piano works, as expressed above all in the exaggerated tempi of some Chopin players. This display of technical skills, as is observed especially in the interpretation of the Études, is a distortion of the spirit of Chopin's music, which, according to Pozniak, is characterised by nobility, poetry, naturalness, absence of any sentimentality and deeply felt love and attachment to the Polish homeland and the Polish people. One of the special features of Pozniak's new edition of Chopin's piano works in the Edition Peters is the fingering, which in its deliberate simplicity leads to some facilitation of playing. It reflects Pozniak's pedagogical experience and he also wants to make piano playing easier in this sector, in contrast to other editors who lead the player into blind alleys through some quibbles. Thus, the finger changes for repeated notes and ornaments are consistently dispensed with, as is practised by most pianists today and as was already presented by, for example, Gottfried Galston in his study book and Ferruccio Busoni in the preface to his later edition of J. S. Bach's 2-part inventions. Pozniak's sparing pedalling, which not infrequently contradicts Chopin's own indications, has as its guideline clarity in harmony and line, which should not be blurred.Here one can reproach Pozniak for not having taken into account that Chopin, for all the differences in the effect of the damping of the pianos of the time, very well sometimes intended sound mixtures and therefore resorted to pedal indications that seem bold to us today. This is also pointed out by Paul Badura-Skoda in the notes on interpretation in his Chopin edition (Edition Peters). There are no solo recordings of the pianist Pozniak, whom Walter Niemann calls "one of our most wonderful Chopin players". The surviving sound documents with his piano trio show, despite the age-related acoustic-technical deficiencies, a sensitive musician, responsive to his fellow players, whose slender and transparent tone, also according to his partners and critics, made him an ideal chamber music pianist. Recordings
Recordings for the Carl Lindström AG. Berlin, late 1920 / early 1921Trio Pozniak-Deman-Beyer: Bronislaw <mask> (piano), Rudolf Deman (violin), Hans Beyer (violoncello) Peter I. Tschaikowsky: Thema und Variationen aus: Klaviertrio a-Moll, op. 50.ODEON AA 57861
 Peter I. Tschaikowsky: Walzer aus: Klaviertrio a-Moll, op. 50. ODEON AA 57862
 Franz Schubert: 3. Satz / Allegro moderato aus: Klaviertrio Es-Dur, op. 100, D 929. ODEON AA 57863
 Anton Arensky: 3. Satz / Elegie aus: Klaviertrio Nr.1 d-Moll, op. 32. ODEON AA 57864

Recordings for the Deutsche Grammophon AG. Berlin, 1925

Auslandslabel: POLYDORPozniak-Trio: Bronislaw <mask>k (piano); Carl Freund (violin); Joseph Schuster (cello) Antonín Dvorák: Klaviertrio Nr. 4 e-Moll, op. 90 "Dumky-Trio" (5 Seiten). GRAMMOPHON 66194/66196
 Bedrich Smetana: 2.Satz / Allegro ma non agitato aus: Klaviertrio g-Moll, op. 15. GRAMMOPHON 66196
 Jean-Philippe Rameau: Cinquième Concert aus den Pièces de clavecin en concert. GRAMMOPHON 66197

Recordings for the Deutsche Grammophon AG. Berlin, 1926Pozniak-Trio: Bronislaw <mask> (piano); Carl Freund (violin); Joseph Schuster (cello) Paul Kletzki: 3. Satz / Adagio from the Trio d-Moll, op. 16.GRAMMOPHON 66415
 The Pozniak Trio premiered this work on 13 April 1926 in Berlin Egon Kornauth: Fragment from the Klaviertrio op. 27. GRAMMOPHON 66415
 Paul Juon: Rêverie, Humoresque, Elegie from the Trio-Miniaturen, op. 18 (3 Seiten). GRAMMOPHON 62548/62549
 Paul Juon: Danse phantastique from the Trio-Miniaturen, op. 24. GRAMMOPHON 62549with Emmi Leisner, alto Ludwig van Beethoven: Trüb', trüb' ist mein Auge; Die holde Maid von Inverness; Oh, grausam war mein Vater; Der treue Johnie; Der Abend aus "Twenty-five Scottish songs", op.108. POLYDOR 73021/71023
 Überspielung auf CD: "The Art of Emmi Leisner". Lebendige Vergangenheit / Preiser Records 89210 (P) 1994Recordings for the Electrola AG. Berlin, 23 October 1930Pozniak-Trio: Bronislaw <mask> (piano); Carl Freund (violin); Jascha Bernstein (violoncello) Antonín Dvorák: Klaviertrio Nr. 4 e-Moll, op. 90 "Dumky-Trio" (6 Seiten). ELECTROLA EH 647/649; HMV C.2384/2386; HMV AN.715/717

RUNDFUNK.live, 3 March 1939Pozniak-Trio: Bronislaw <mask> (piano); Eugen Forster (violin); Sigrid Succo (violoncello) Antonín Dvorák: Klaviertrio Nr. 4 e-Moll, op. 90 "Dumky-Trio"Recording stored in the Narodowe Archivum cyfrowe, Warsaw under the shelf mark 3/33/0/1/2957Recordings for the Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. Berlin, 14 February 1941 with Lore Fischer, Alto. Triobegleitung: Prof. Br. v. Pozniak, Hans Bastian, Siegrid Succo.musical editing: Gerhard Strecke Johann Abraham Peter Schulz: Der Mond ist aufgegangen. Unveröffentlicht
 Volksweise: Die Blümelein, sie schlafen.GRAMMOPHON 47539
 Friedrich Silcher: Drauß' ist alles so prächtig. GRAMMOPHON 47539
 Joseph Haydn: Es weiden meine Schafe aus „Schottische Volkslieder“ (Hob. XXXIb). GRAMMOPHON 47541
 Joseph Haydn: Rose weiß, Rose rot aus „Schottische Volkslieder“ (Hob. XXXIb). GRAMMOPHON 47541

Recording for the Ludwig Hupfeld AG. Leipzig
 The solo recordings on piano roll with works by Frédéric Chopin, which Pozniak says he made in his memoirs for the , could not be determined until now (September 2020).Work, Editions
 Bronislaw v. Pozniak: Das ABC des Klavierspielers. L. Oemigkes's Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin u. Breslau 1936. Bronislaw v. Pozniak: ABC des Klavierspielers. 2. extended edition. Robert Forberg Musikverlag, Leipzig 1948. <mask> Poźniak: ABC pianisty. Przekład: Bogdan Zieliński, Izabella Zielińska.Ars Nova, Poznań 1992. (Polish translation of the 1st German edition from 1936). Bronislaw v. Pozniak: Chopin. Praktische Anweisungen für das Studium der Chopin-Werke. Published in cooperation with the German Chopin Committee Berlin. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale) 1949. Bronislaw v. Pozniak: Lebenserinnerungen.Transcribed from the manuscript and edited by Cristina v. Pozniak-Bierschenk. Unveröffentlichter Privatdruck. Osnabrück 1985. Nachdruck 2006. Bronislaw v. Pozniak (ed. ): Frédéric Chopin, Klavierwerke. New edition.Edition Peters, Leipzig 1949 ff. Bronislaw v. Pozniak (ed. ): Ludwig van Beethoven, Sonaten für Klavier Bd. 1 (Sonaten 1–14). Instruktive Neuausgabe nach dem Urtext. Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle (Saale). In die Edition Peters Collection Litolff Nr.5605 übernommen. Leipzig 1953. (Einzelheiten s. Weblinks)
 Bronislaw v. Pozniak (ed. ): Klaviermusik russischer und sowjetischer Meister. Edition Peters, Leipzig 1951. References

 Further reading
 : <mask> <mask> (1887–1953). In Karlheinz Schlager (ed.): Festschrift Hubert Unverricht zum 65. Geburtstag. Verlag Hans Schneider, Tutzing 1992. .
 Maria Zduniak: O autobiografii <mask>a Poźniaka (1887–1953). In Zeszyt Naukowy Akademii Muzycznej im. Karola Lipińskiego we Wrocławiu 65. Wrocław 1995. .
 Hans Joachim Moser: Chopin. In: Musikgeschichte in hundert Lebensbildern.Reclam-Verlag, Stuttgart 1952. Walter Niemann: Meister des Klaviers. Die Pianisten der Gegenwart und der letzten Vergangenheit. Schuster und Löffler, Berlin 1919. Gregor Piatigorsky: Mein Cello und ich und unsere Begegnungen mit Béla Bartók, Sir Thomas Beecham, Pablo Casals… Wunderlich, Tübingen 1968. (Piatigorsky beschreibt hier sein Verhältnis zu Pozniak und dem Pozniak-Trio, dem er zeitweise angehörte). Pozniak, Bronislaw, <mask>.In Hans-Joachim Moser: Musiklexikon. Verlag Max Hesse, Berlin 1935, 1943, 1951. Breslau. In Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik). Sachteil, vol. 2. Bärenreiter/Metzler.Kassel/Stuttgart. (Incorrect year of birth Pozniak's!). Pozniak, Bronislaw <mask>. In Frank/Altmann: Kurzgefasstes Tonkünstler-Lexikon. 15. Aufl. vol.2. Heinrichshofen, Wilhelmshaven 1978. (Incorrect year of birth Pozniak's!). Pozniak, Bronislaw, <mask>''. In Wilibald Gurlitt (ed. ): Riemann- Musiklexikon. 12th edition.Personal Part L–Z. Schott, Mainz 1961. (Incorrect indication of the pronunciation of the name!). External links

German classical pianists
Male classical pianists
1887 births
1953 deaths
People from Lviv
20th-century German male

masks:
von Pozniak
von Ponia
von Poniak
von Poniak
von Poniak
Bronisław
Bronisław
Poźniak
Bronisław
Ritter von
von
Ritter von


title: Reşid Mehmed Pasha

texts:
<mask>, also known as Kütahı (, 1780–1836), was an Ottoman statesman and general who reached the post of Grand Vizier in the first half of the 19th century, playing an important role in the Greek War of Independence. Early life
<mask> was born in Georgia, the son of a Greek Orthodox priest. As a child, he was captured as a slave by the Ottomans, and brought to the service of the then <mask>rev <mask>. His intelligence and ability impressed his master and secured his rapid rise. He was stationed in Karađorđe's Serbia for a short time. At only 29 years, he was appointed governor of Kütahya, from where he acquired his sobriquet. In 1820, he was sent by Sultan Mahmud II, along with many other pashas, to quell the rebellion of <mask> of Yannina against the Porte.At the same time, the Greeks were preparing their own uprising, which broke out in March 1821. Thus, after the defeat and death of <mask> in 1822, he was at hand to campaign against the Greek rebels. Operations in Epirus – First Siege of Missolonghi

Having been appointed commander-in-chief of the Ottoman forces in Epirus, he marched south, to meet the Greek forces under Alexandros Mavrokordatos, which were campaigning towards Arta. He inflicted a crushing defeat upon them in the Battle of Peta, on 4 July 1822, and proceeded southwards, to the strategically important town of Missolonghi. There he was met by Omer Vrioni, and their joint force of 8,000 besieged the city for two months, from 25 October to 31 December 1822. Omer Vrioni, contrary to <mask> <mask>'s view, initially tried to take the town by negotiations, which the besieged Greeks took advantage of, dragging them out until November 8, when they were reinforced by sea, at which point they refused to negotiate further. The siege began in earnest, and the two pashas scheduled their main assault for Christmas night, December 24, calculating that the Greeks would be caught by surprise.The plan was leaked to the defenders, and the attack failed. Six days later, the siege was lifted. Campaign in Thessaly

After the failure at Missolonghi, <mask> <mask> moved against the mountainous region of Pelion, which he managed to subdue. For his success, he was appointed governor of the sanjak of Trikala, and was finally appointed commander-in-chief of all Ottoman forces in Rumelia. Third Siege of Missolonghi

From this position he was tasked by the Porte with taking Missolonghi and thus securing western Greece. <mask> <mask> assembled an army of more than 35,000 and in February 1825 he set out for Missolonghi. On arriving there on April 20, he immediately invested the town with earthworks and subjected it to heavy bombardment.However, despite his efforts, the Greek garrison, aided by raids from the Greek bands behind his lines and resupplied by the Greek fleet despite the Ottoman naval blockade, resisted effectively. In the end, he was forced to call upon the assistance of <mask> of Egypt, whose army had been victorious against Greek forces in the Morea. The Egyptian forces arrived in early November, but a split occurred between the presumptuous Ibrahim and <mask> <mask>, who withdrew his forces. After the Egyptians failed too in their assaults, Ibrahim acknowledged his error. The two pashas now cooperated, and the siege was intensified. The seaward supply route was cut, forcing threatening the defenders with starvation. Finally, they attempted a desperate escape, breaking out through the besieging forces, on the night of 10 April 1826.The sortie resulted in a massacre of the defenders, and Missolonghi fell to the Ottoman forces. Campaign in Attica

After this success, <mask> <mask> turned towards Attica and Athens, where he arrived in July. He besieged the Greek garrison on the Acropolis of Athens unsuccessfully for ten months, until his unexpected victory over a Greek relief force at the Battle of Phaleron on 24 April 1827 forced the Greeks to surrender the fort. Campaign against Bosnia Eyalet

The Ottoman Bosnian leadership led by Husein Gradaščević were outraged when Sultan Mahmud II granted Serbia autonomy and subsequently six districts from the Bosnia Eyalet with the Treaty of Adrianople. Husein Gradaščević had already begun to support the cause of the fallen Janissary after the Auspicious Incident and would not allow Mahmud II to further disintegrate Bosnian society. Instead of negotiating with Husein Gradaščević, the Grand Vizier <mask> <mask> <mask> (already engaged in an aggressive campaign against Albanian pashas and beys) mobilized his Ottoman army towards Travnik. Disappointed by <mask> <mask>'s move, Gradaščević marched forward with an army of 52,000 into Priština, and later fought and defeated <mask> <mask> at Štimlje.A Bosnian delegation reached the Grand Vizier's camp in Skopje in November of that year. The Grand Vizier promised this delegation that he would insist to the Sultan that he accept the Bosniak demands. His true intentions, however, were manifested by early December when his cannons attacked Bosnian units stationed on the outskirts of Novi Pazar. <mask> <mask> <mask> later began an aggressive campaign into Bosnia with the assistance of the renegade kapetan Ali-paša Rizvanbegović and defeated the entire army of Bosnia Eyalet led by Husein Gradaščević outside the town of Stup. After the Greek Revolution
A very distinguished general, <mask> <mask> fought in the Russo-Turkish War, where he was defeated by General Diebitsch at the Battle of Kulevicha. Subsequently, he was appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, a post he held from January 1829 to 17 February 1833. From that position, he orchestrated the  Monastir massacre of 1830 of the Albanian beys killing hundreds.He led the Ottoman armies in Anatolia in the Egyptian-Ottoman War. He was captured by the forces of his old antagonist, <mask>, at the war's decisive Battle of Konya in 1832. Campaign in the Diyarbakir Eyalet
He was appointed the Wāli of Diyarbakir Eyalet and Raqqa Eyalet in 1834 and onwards led military campaigns against the local Kurdish tribes Garzan, Bedir Khan and Milli and the Yazidi in Sincar. In 1835 he subdued the Milli tribe in Mardin. In 1836, he defeated, Mire Kor, the ruler from the Emirate of Soran. He died in 1836. Notes and sources

1780 births
1839 deaths
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of the Greek War of Independence
19th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman people of the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833)
Ottoman prisoners of war

masks:
Reşid Mehmed Pasha
Reşid Mehmed
Kapudan Pasha Koca Hs
Mehmed Pasha
Ali Pasha
Ali Pasha
Reşid
Mehmed
Reşid
Mehmed
Reşid
Mehmed
Ibrahim Pasha
Reşid
Mehmed
Reşid
Mehmed
Reşid
Mehmed
Pasha
Reşid
Pasha
Reşid
Pasha
Reşid
Mehmed
Pasha
Reşid
Mehmed
Ibrahim Pasha


title: Simona Amânar

texts:
<mask> (; born 7 October 1979) is a Romanian former artistic gymnast. She is a seven-time Olympic and ten-time World Championship medalist. Amânar helped Romania win four consecutive world team titles (1994–1999), as well as the 2000 Olympic team title. She is also the 2000 Olympic all-around champion. She has a vault named after her, one of the most difficult in women's gymnastics, and was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2007. Career

1994–1995
In 1994, her first year on the senior national team, Amânar contributed to Romania's team titles at the World and European Championships. Amânar began to excel as an individual performer at the 1995 European Cup, placing second in the all-around behind Svetlana Khorkina of Russia and winning gold on both vault and floor exercise.At the 1995 World Championships, she helped Romania secure its second consecutive world team title and became co-champion on vault (with all-around winner Lilia Podkopayeva of Ukraine). Amânar's powerful floor routine and vaults put her in the lead after two rotations in the all-around, but she dropped to fourth after an average uneven bars routine and a shaky balance beam routine. 1996
Amânar won a silver medal on vault at the 1996 World Championships, behind teammate Gina Gogean and ahead of Cuba's Annia -Hatch. At the 1996 Summer Olympics, Amânar was one of the front-runners for several individual medals, but her Olympics started inauspiciously when she fell off the beam during the compulsories. Though she later posted the highest all-around score in the optionals (39.387, her lowest score being a 9.800 on the balance beam), her combined compulsory and optionals scores put her fourth among her teammates, and she did not qualify for the final. However, in a scenario similar to the Unified Team's substitution of Tatiana Gutsu for Rozalia Galiyeva at the 1992 Olympics, Amânar replaced her teammate Alexandra Marinescu in the all-around final. The Romanian head coach, Octavian Bellu, said that Amânar deserved to compete because she had worked harder and was a better athlete than Marinescu.Amânar ended up sharing the bronze medal with teammate Lavinia Miloşovici, behind Gogean. In both the 1996 Olympic all-around and the 1995 World Championships all-around, Amânar failed to score over 9.800 on the floor exercise despite well-executed and difficult tumbling. In the Olympics, she scored a 9.887 in the team optionals (the highest score of the entire Olympics on any event, for men or women), but only a 9.737 in the all-around. She did not start from a 10.0 in the all-around—despite having the most tumbling bonus points of anyone at the Games—because her tour jeté half-turn (Strug), a C element, was not completed. Thus, she did not have enough simple A, B, and C skills, and much of her D- and E-rated tumbling had to count as easier elements to fulfill those requirements. Amânar did not perform a double turn in the team optionals or the all-around because it was not necessary as long as she completed her Strug. However, when she failed to complete the Strug, four of her six tenths in D and E elements had to count toward requirements, which left her with only .2 counting toward her bonus.Without the error, Amânar would have finished ahead of Gogean and Miloşovici. In the event finals, Amânar completed her Strug and added a double turn to fulfill the more stringent Competition III requirements. She earned a 9.850 and the silver medal, behind Podkopayeva and just ahead of Dominique Dawes of the United States. She won the vault final the day before, largely because of her 9.875 score for her double-twisting Yurchenko vault. She left the 1996 Olympics with four medals, including Romania's team bronze. 1997–1999
Romania won its third straight team title at the 1997 World Championships. Amânar again replaced a higher-scoring Marinescu in the all-around competition and won the silver medal behind Russia's Khorkina, followed by a gold medal on vault.In the 1999 World Championships, <mask> led the Romanian team to a fourth consecutive title (there was no Worlds competition in 1998). However, she fell off the bars during the all-around and placed well out of the medals. She also lost her vaulting title to Russia's Elena Zamolodchikova, who dominated that event in the following years due to a more difficult second vault: a double-twisting Tsukahara. <mask> won her only medal of the competition on the floor, taking home the silver behind teammate Andreea Răducan. 2000
At the 2000 Summer Olympics, the Romanians edged out the Russians to take the team title—their first since 1984 and their first ever in a non-boycotted Olympics. In the all-around, the vaulting horse was set too low by the Olympic organizers, and the favorite for the title, Svetlana Khorkina, fell on her signature vault. Several other gymnasts fell or stumbled because of the same problem.Many went on to make mistakes on their next event, knowing their medal chances were gone, only to be informed later of the error and their chance to vault again. The three Romanian women either managed to perform well on the faulty vault or vaulted after the mistake had been corrected. They swept the medals, with Răducan winning the gold, <mask> the silver, and Maria Olaru the bronze. Răducan was subsequently found to have used a cold medicine containing a banned substance. Although her results in other events were allowed to stand, she was stripped of her all-around gold medal, which went to Amânar. Initially, Amânar refused to accept the medal, insisting that Răducan had rightfully earned the title. Olaru took the same stance when the silver was awarded to her.However, they eventually reconsidered and decided to bring the medals home to Romania as symbolic victories of the country. Amânar continued to insist, however, that Răducan was the true Olympic all-around champion. In the event finals, Amânar had the opportunity to defend her Olympic vault title from four years earlier. However, she stumbled badly while debuting a new vault (a 2 twisting laid-out Yurchenko, which was then named after her), and did not win a medal. She went on to win bronze on floor exercise after losing points for a step out of bounds on her last tumbling pass. <mask> ranks highly (117th) on the list of most medal gymnasts in the world, with 10 World and 7 Olympic medals. She played a large role in the four consecutive World team titles and Olympic title that established Romania as the top-ranked women's gymnastics team in the world.The Amanar vault involves a round-off entry onto the vaulting table followed by a laid-out salto with 2 twists. Amânar first competed this skill at the 2000 Olympics. It has a difficulty score of 6.5, 6.3 and 5.8 in the women's 2009–2012, 2013–2016 and 2017–2020 Code of Points. Post-retirement
Amânar retired in 2000, shortly after the Olympic Games. She married Cosmin Tabără, a lawyer, on 9 March 2002, in Timișoara, and gave birth to a son, Alexandru Iosif, five months later. She is the vice president of the Romanian Gymnastics Federation. Eponymous skill
Amânar has one eponymous skill in the Code of Points, the Amanar vault.Competitive history

See also

 List of Olympic female gymnasts for Romania
 List of Olympic medal leaders in women's gymnastics
 List of top female medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

External links
 Bio at romanian-gymnastics.com
 List of competitive results at Gymn Forum

 Amânar (vault skills)

1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Constanța
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Olympic gymnasts of Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World champion gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
European champions in gymnastics
Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
Goodwill Games medalists in gymnastics

masks:
Simona Amânar
Amânar
Amânar
Amânar
Legacy Amânar


title: T. J. Reid

texts:
<mask> (born 16 November 1987), known as T. J<mask>, is an Irish hurler who plays for Kilkenny Senior Championship club Ballyhale Shamrocks and at inter-county level with the Kilkenny senior hurling team. He usually lines out as a centre-forward. <mask> began his hurling career at club level with Ballyhale Shamrocks. He broke onto the club's senior team as a 16-year-old goalkeeper in 2004 before later being deployed as an outfield player. <mask> has since played on five All-Ireland Club Championship-winning teams, including as captain in 2015. At inter-county level, <mask> was part of the successful Kilkenny under-21 team that won All-Ireland Championships in 2006 and 2008. He joined the Kilkenny senior team in 2007.Since then <mask> has gone on to establish himself as one of the most dominant forwards of his generation, even though he never captained Kilkennys golden generation to All Ireland glory, and remains the only Kilkenny captain to have lost two all ireland finals to neighbours and arch rivals Tipperary. He has been involved in seven All-Ireland Championship-winning teams with Kilkenny while <mask> has also claimed multiple Leinster Championship and National League

Playing career

St. Kieran's College

<mask> first came to prominence as a hurler with St. Kieran's College in Kilkenny. Having played in every grade as a hurler, he was eventually called up the college's senior team. On 13 March 2004, <mask> was an unused substitute when St. Kieran's College defeated St. Peter's College from Wexford by 0-13 to 1-04 to win the Leinster Championship. On 3 May 2004, he was an unused substitute once again when St. Kieran's College claimed the All-Ireland Championship following a 3-20 to 1-06 defeat of St. Raphael's College from Loughrea..

On 13 March 2005, <mask> lined out at midfield when St. Kieran's College faced St. Brendan's Community School from Birr in the Leinster final. He scored a point from play and collected a second successive winners' medal - his first on the field of play - following a 1-18 to 1-12 victory. <mask> was switched to left wing-forward for the All-Ireland final against St. Flannan's College from Ennis on 2 May 2005.He scored two points from play but ended on the losing side following a 2-15 to 2-12 defeat. Waterford Institute of Technology

As a student at the Waterford Institute of Technology, <mask> immediately became involved in hurling and joined the senior team in his second year. On 1 March 2008, he lined out at centre-forward in the Fitzgibbon Cup final against the Limerick Institute of Technology. <mask> scored three points from play and claimed a winners' medal following the 1-29 to 1-24 extra-time victory. Ballyhale Shamrocks

Minor and under-21

<mask> joined the Ballyhale Shamrocks club at a young age and played in all grades at juvenile and underage levels. After enjoying little success in the minor grade he was just 15-year-old when he was drafted onto the club's under-21 team. On 7 December 2003, <mask> was selected amongst the substitutes when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced Tullaroan in the Kilkenny Under-21 Championship final.He remained on the bench for the entire game but collected a winners' medal following the 5-09 to 1-09 victory. <mask> was just 16-years-old when he broke onto the club's under-21 team during the 2004 championship. On 21 November 2004, he lined out at right corner-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced Tullaroan in a second successive Kilkenny Under-21 Championship final. <mask> was held scoreless throughout but claimed a second successive winners' medal following the 1-14 to 0-16 victory. Ballyhale Shamrocks qualified for a third successive Kilkenny Under-21 Championship final on 4 December 2005. <mask> claimed a third successive winners' medal - his second on the field of play - following a 5-16 to 2-04 defeat of Dicksboro. On 10 December 2006, <mask> was selected at centre-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks reached a fourth successive Kilkenny Under-21 Championship final.He collected a fourth successive winners' medal after scoring five points from play in the 2-17 to 1-04 defeat of Erin's Own. Senior

<mask> was just 16-year-old when he joined the Ballyhale Shamrocks senior team in advance of the 2004 Kilkenny Senior Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 2 October 2004 when he lined out in goal in a 0-15 to 1-12 draw with O'Loughlin Gaels. <mask> became an outfield player during the 2005 Kilkenny Senior Championship. On 23 October 2005, he lined out at midfield when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced <mask> in the final. <mask> top scored for the team with 1-02 in the 1-18 to 2-12 defeat. On 5 November 2006, <mask> lined out in his second successive final.Playing at left wing-forward, he scored three points from play and claimed his first winners' medal following a 1-22 to 2-11 defeat of O'Loughlin Gaels. On 26 November 2006, <mask> won a Leinster Championship medal after scoring five points from play in Ballyhale's 1-20 to 1-08 defeat of Birr in the final. On 17 March 2007, he was selected at left wing-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced Loughrea in the All-Ireland final. <mask> top scored with 2-02 and claimed a winners' medal following the 3-12 to 2-08 victory. <mask> lined out in a third successive final on 28 October 2007. He top scored with 0-10 in the 1-20 to 1-10 defeat of St. Martin's. <mask> ended the championship as the club's top scorer with 0-24.On 26 October 2008, <mask> was selected at left wing-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks reached a fourth successive final. He scored two points from play and collected a third successive winners' medal after a 2-11 to 0-12 defeat of <mask>. On 30 November 2008, <mask> won a second Leinster Championship medal after scoring 1-01 in Ballyhale's 2-13 to 0-11 defeat of Birr in the final. <mask> was again selected at left wing-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced <mask> in a second consecutive final on 25 October 2009. He scored six points from play and collected a winners' medal as Ballyhale secured a record-equalling four-in-a-row following the 1-14 to 1-11 victory. On 29 November 2009, <mask> won a third Leinster Championship medal following Ballyhale's 1-16 to 1-08 defeat of Tullamore in the final. He was again selected at left wing-forward when Ballyhale faced Portumna in the All-Ireland final on 17 March 2010.<mask> scored three points from play and ended the game with a second All-Ireland medal following the 1-19 to 0-17 victory. On 23 October 2011, <mask> lined out at centre-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced <mask> in the final for the third time in five years. The game ended in an 0-11 to 1-08 draw. <mask> was switched to left wing-forward for the replay a week later but ended on the losing side following a 1-20 to 0-15 defeat. <mask> was appointed captain of the Ballyhale Shamrocks team for the 2014 Kilkenny Senior Championship. On 16 November 2014, he captained the club to a final meeting with Clara. <mask> top scored with ten points and collected a fifth winners' medal following the 1-20 to 1-13 victory.He claimed a fourth Leinster Championship medal on 7 December 2014 after again scoring ten points in a 0-21 to 1-14 extra-time defeat of Kilcormac/Killoughey in the final. On 17 March 2015, <mask> captained Ballyhale Shamrocks to an All-Ireland final-meeting with Kilmallock. He ended the game with a third All-Ireland medal after a 1-18 to 1-06 victory. <mask> played in a seventh final with Ballyhale Shamrocks on 30 October 2016. Lining out at left wing-forward, he ended the game on the losing side after scoring 1-05 in the 0-19 to 1-12 defeat by O'Loughlin Gaels. On 28 October 2018, <mask> top scored with 1-10 and claimed his sixth winners' medal when Ballyhale Shamrocks defeated Bennettsbridge by 2-20 to 2-17 to win the Kilkenny Championship. He again top scored with nine points when Ballyhale faced Ballyboden St. Enda's in the Leinster final and ended the game with a fifth provincial winners' medal after the 2-21 to 0-11 victory.<mask> was selected at centre-forward when Ballyhale qualified for the All-Ireland final on 17 March 2019. He collected a fourth winners' medal following the 2-28 to 2-11 victory over St. Thomas's. <mask> was one of six Ballyhale Shamrocks hurlers later chosen on the Team of the Year. On 27 October 2019, <mask> lined out at centre-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced <mask> in the Kilkenny Championship final. He top scored for the team with six points, with all bar one coming from placed balls, and collected a seventh winners' medal after the 2-21 to 1-15 victory. <mask> was also the championship's top scorer with 1-34. On 1 December 2019, he was selected at midfield but lined out at centre-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced St. Mullin's in the Leinster final.<mask> top scored for the team with nine points, including eight from placed balls, and collected a sixth winners' medal following the 1-21 to 0-15 victory. On 18 January 2020, <mask> was selected at left wing-forward when Ballyhale Shamrocks faced Borris-Ileigh in the All-Ireland final. He top scored with 0-08, including five frees, and claimed a record fifth All-Ireland Club Championship medal after the 0-18 to 0-15 victory. <mask> also ended the championship as top scorer with 2-53. Kilkenny

Minor and under-21

<mask> first played for Kilkenny as a member of the minor team during the 2005 Leinster Championship. He made his only appearance in the grade on 25 June 2005 when he scored 1-01 from left wing-forward in a 2-16

masks:
Thomas Joseph Reid
. Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
James Stephens
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
James Stephens
Reid
Reid
James Stephens
Reid
Reid
Reid
James Stephens
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
James Stephens
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid
Reid


title: T. J. Reid

texts:
 to 4-07 defeat by Dublin. <mask> was still eligible for the minor grade when he was drafted onto the Kilkenny under-21 team for the 2005 Leinster Championship.On 20 July 2005, he was an unused substitute when Kilkenny defeated Dublin by 0-17 to 1-10 to win the Leinster Championship. <mask> was again selected amongst the substitutes for the All-Ireland final against Galway on 18 September 2005. He remained on the bench for the 1-15 to 1-14 defeat. <mask> broke onto the Kilkenny under-21 starting fifteen during the 2006 Leinster Championship. On 27 July 2006, he won a second successive Leinster Championship medal - his first on the field of play - after scoring a point in the 2-18 to 2-10 defeat of Dublin in the final. On 10 September 2006, <mask> scored two points from right wing-forward when Kilkenny drew 2-14 apiece with Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. He was switched to left wing-forward for the replay on 16 September 2006 and collected a winners' medal after being held scoreless in the 1-11 to 0-11 victory.On 24 July 2008, <mask> won a third Leinster Championship medal in four years after top scoring for Kilkenny with 1-03 in the 2-21 to 2-09 defeat of Offaly in the final. On 14 September 2008, he lined out at left wing-forward when Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. <mask> claimed a second All-Ireland medal following the 2-13 to 0-15 defeat of Tipperary. Senior

<mask> was added to the extended training panel of the Kilkenny senior team at the start of the 2007 season. On 1 July 2007, he won a Leinster Championship medal as a panel member following Kilkenny's 2-24 to 1-12 defeat of Wexford in the final. <mask> was again a member of the extended panel when Kilkenny faced Limerick in the All-Ireland final. He ended the game with a winners' medal following the 2-19 to 1-15 victory.On 17 February 2008, <mask> made his first appearance for the Kilkenny senior team when he lined out at left wing-forward in a 1-21 to 2-10 defeat of Dublin in the National League. He made his Leinster Championship debut on 15 June 2008 when he came on as a substitute for Richie Hogan at right corner-forward in a 2-24 to 0-12 defeat of Offaly. On 6 July 2008, <mask> won his first Leinster Championship medal when he was an unused substitute for Kilkenny's 5-21 to 0-17 defeat of Wexford in the final. On 8 September 2008, he was again on the bench when Kilkenny faced Waterford in a first All-Ireland final since 1963. <mask> was introduced as a substitute for Martin Comerford and claimed his second All-Ireland medal - his first on the field of play - after scoring four points from right win-forward in the 3-30 to 1-13 victory. <mask> won his first National League medal on 3 May 2009 when he scored four points from full-forward in Kilkenny's 2-26 to 4-17 extra-time defeat of Tipperary in the final. On 5 July 2009, he was listed amongst the substitutes when Kilkenny faced Dublin in the Leinster final.<mask> came on as a 51st-minute substitute for Richie Power and collected a third successive winners' medal following the 2-18 to 0-18 victory. On 6 September 2009, he failed to make the starting fifteen when Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. <mask> was the first substitute to be called upon, coming on in the 50th minute for Aidan Fogarty, and collected a third successive All-Ireland medal as Kilkenny became only the second team ever to win four All-Ireland titles in-a-row following the 2-22 to 0-23 victory. On 14 January 2010 <mask> was appointed captain of the Kilkenny senior hurling team for the season. On 4 July 2010, he captained Kilkenny to the Leinster Championship title following a 1-19 to 1-12 defeat of Galway. On 5 September 2010, <mask> captained the team from right wing-forward when Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. He scored four points from play but ended on the losing side after a 4-17 to 1-18 defeat.On 1 May 2011, <mask> scored five points from midfield when Kilkenny suffered a 0-22 to 1-07 defeat by Dublin in the National League final. On 3 July 2011, he won a fifth consecutive Leinster Championship medal in spite of being held scoreless in Kilkenny's 4-17 to 1-15 defeat of Dublin in the final. <mask> was dropped from the starting fifteen for the All-Ireland final against Tipperary on 4 September 2011. In spite of this, he was the first substitute introduced and claimed a fourth All-Ireland medal after scoring a point in the 2-17 to 1-16 victory. On 6 May 2012, <mask> won a second National League medal after scoring 1-02 from play in Kilkenny's 3-21 to 0-16 defeat of Cork in the final. He was again at centre-forward but held scoreless on 8 July 2012 when Kilkenny suffered a 2-21 to 2-11 defeat by Galway in the Leinster final. On 9 September 2012, <mask> scored two points from centre-forward when Kilkenny drew 2-13 to 0-19 with Galway in the All-Ireland final.He was switched to right corner-forward for the replay on 30 September 2012 and claimed a fifth All-Ireland medal following Kilkenny's 3-22 to 3-11 victory. The game was not without incident as <mask> and Iarla <mask> had an off-the-ball clash resulting in a broken kneecap. He ended the season by being named on the All-Star team. <mask>'s injury lay-off saw him miss Kilkenny's second successive National League triumph following a win over Tipperary in the final. He returned to the Kilkenny team in May 2013 after regaining some match fitness in a series of club games. On 4 May 2014, <mask> was selected at left wing-forward when Kilkenny faced Tipperary in a second successive National League final. He ended the game with a third winners' medal after top scoring with 2-11 in the 2-25 to 1-27 victory.On 6 July 2014, <mask> won a sixth Leinster Championship medal after again top scoring with 0-10 in a 0-24 to 1-09 defeat of Dublin in the final. On 7 September 2014, he was again at left wing-forward and scored 1-08 when Kilkenny drew 3-22 to 1-28 with Tipperary in the All-Ireland final. He was switched to full-forward for the replay on 27 September 2014 and ended the game with a sixth All-Ireland medal following the 2-17 to 2-14 victory. <mask> ended the season by being nominated for the GAA-GPA Hurler of the Year award before collecting a second All-Star award. <mask> won his seventh Leinster Championship medal on 5 July 2015 after top scoring with 1-09 in Kilkenny's 1-25 to 2-15 defeat of Galway in the final. On 6 September 2015, he was again at left wing-forward for the All-Ireland final against Galway. <mask> ended the game with a seventh All-Ireland medal after scoring 1-07 in the 1-22 to 1-18 victory.He ended the season by claiming a third All-Star award as well as being named GAA-GPA Hurler of the Year. <mask> won an eighth Leinster Championship medal on 3 July 2016 after scoring 0-10 in Kilkenny's 1-26 to 0-22 defeat of Galway in the final. He was switched from full-forward to midfield for the All-Ireland final against Tipperary on 4 September 2016. <mask> ended the game on the losing side after scoring 0-11 in the 2-29 to 2-20 defeat. On 8 April 2018, <mask> was at centre-forward when Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the National League final. He ended the game with a fifth winners' medal after top scoring for the team with 0-15 in the 2-23 to 2-17 victory. <mask> was again the game's top scorer with 0-10 when Kilkenny drew 0-18 apiece with Galway in the Leinster final on 1 July 2018.He retained the position for the replay a week later and scored nine points in the 1-28 to 3-15 defeat. <mask> was appointed captain of the Kilkenny senior team for the second time in his career at the start of the 2019 season, however, his involvement with Ballyhale Shamrocks in the All-Ireland Club Championship ruled him out of the National League. On 30 June 2019, he captained the team from centre-forward when Kilkenny qualified to play Wexford in the Leinster final. <mask> top scored with 0-12 but ended the game on the losing side following a 1-23 to 0-23 defeat. On 18 August 2019, <mask> captained Kilkenny from centre-forward to an All-Ireland final appearance against Tipperary. He  top scored with 0-11 - including ten frees - but again lost the final to <mask> for the second time as Kilkenny captain   following a 3-25 to 0-20 defeat. <mask> ended the year by receiving a fourth All-Star award while he was also shortlisted for the Hurler of the Year award.Leinster

<mask> was added to the Leinster team for the 2012 Inter-provincial Championship. He made his first appearance for the team on 4 March 2012 when he lined out at left corner-forward when Leinster faced Connacht in the Railway Cup final. <mask> was held scoreless but ended the game with a winners' medal following a 2-19 to 1-15 victory. On 1 March 2014, <mask> was selected amongst the substitutes when Leinster faced Connacht in the Railway Cup final. He was introduced as a substitute for Walter Walsh and claimed a second winners' medal following the 1-23 to 0-16 victory. <mask> was a late replacement for Colin Fennelly at full-forward when Leinster faced Munster in the Railway Cup final on 15 December 2016. He top scored for the team with 1-06 but ended on the losing side following a 2-20 to 2-16 defeat.References

External links
T. J<mask> profile at the Kilkenny GAA website

1987 births
Living people
Ballyhale Shamrocks hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers
Hurling goalkeepers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Alumni of Waterford Institute of Technology
Waterford IT

masks:
Reid
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Tannian
Reid
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Tipp
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. Reid


title: Robert Quine

texts:
<mask> (December 30, 1942 – May 31, 2004) was an American guitarist. A native of Akron, Ohio, Quine worked with a wide range of musicians, though he himself remained relatively unknown. Critic Mark Deming wrote that "Quine's eclectic style embraced influences from jazz, rock, and blues players of all stripes, and his thoughtful technique and uncompromising approach led to rewarding collaborations with a number of visionary musicians." His collaborators included Richard Hell & the Voidoids, Lou Reed (notably on The Blue Mask), Brian Eno, John Zorn, Ikue Mori, Marc Ribot, Marianne Faithfull (Strange Weather), Lloyd Cole, Matthew Sweet and Tom Waits. Lester Bangs wrote that he was a "pivotal figure" and "the first guitarist to take the breakthroughs of early Lou Reed and James Williamson and work through them to a new, individual vocabulary, driven into odd places by obsessive attention to On the Corner-era Miles Davis." Quine was ranked 80th by Rolling Stone magazine's David Fricke in his list of "100 Greatest Guitarists". Early life
Quine was born in Akron, Ohio, the son of Rosalie (née Cohen) and <mask>.He was a nephew of philosopher Willard Van Orman <mask>. After graduating from Earlham College in 1965, Quine earned a law degree "out of inertia" from Washington University in St. Louis in 1968. Although he never practiced law and failed the California bar exam on several occasions, Quine wrote tax law textbooks for Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey-based publisher Prentice Hall for three years after moving to New York City in 1971 by virtue of his admission to the Missouri bar in 1969. Quine also enrolled at the Berklee School of Music at an indeterminate point without taking a degree. Career
In 1969, Quine made a series of cassette recordings of the Velvet Underground performing live in St. Louis and San Francisco, where he lived between late 1969 and 1971. These saw official release in 2001 by Polydor Records, titled Bootleg Series Volume 1: The Quine Tapes. Though lo-fi in sound quality, the album is an important document of the group.In the liner notes, Quine writes: "I got a lot of pleasure and inspiration from these performances. As a guitar player, they were an important element in shaping what musical direction I wanted to take." While in St. Louis, he performed in a band called Bruce's Farm that specialized in Byrds covers. Throughout his San Francisco years (coinciding with his attempts to pass the California bar exam), Quine "sort of began to come up with my own style," often performing under the influence of LSD; nevertheless, he disdained such psychedelic rock groups as Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead. During this period, his influences included John Coltrane's Ascension (1966), Elvis Presley's singles for Sun Records, Fats Domino, Bo Diddley, James Burton, Mickey Baker and Little Richard. Upon moving to New York, he began to gravitate toward a new array of influences, including the 1972-1975 electric oeuvre of Miles Davis (especially the guitar sounds on 1972's On the Corner and 1975's Agharta), The Stooges' Raw Power (1973) and Brian Eno. After leaving Prentice Hall to focus on his musical career in the mid-1970s, he worked at the Greenwich Village bookstore Cinemabilia with Richard Hell and Tom Verlaine, the co-founders of the influential punk band Television.Later, Hell invited him to join his new band The Voidoids. Hell's two Voidoid albums feature Quine's distinctive guitar work; guitarist Marc Ribot once said about Quine that "in terms of punk rock guitar soloing, [Quine] could definitely be called the inventor," while critic Ira Robbins describes his work as "stunning and underrated". After The Voidoids broke up, Quine recorded with Lydia Lunch, Jody Harris and Material. From September 1979 to July 1980, Quine and Harris recorded various guitar improvisations with a drum machine. In 1981, some of those experiments were released as the Harris/Quine album, Escape. With Material bandmate Fred Maher, Quine recorded his only other solo album, Basic, released in 1984. In the early 1980s, Lou Reed drafted Quine to join his group.He appeared on The Blue Mask (1982), widely regarded as one of Reed's best albums. The Reed-Quine guitar work crafted interlocking duels that blur the lines between rhythm and leads. Reed's 1983 album Legendary Hearts featured most of the same group, but Quine eventually quit due to tensions with Reed, exacerbated when Reed mixed down or entirely removed most of Quine's guitar parts on Legendary Hearts. Quine claimed that when he got his advance copy of the album, he was so disgusted by this, he smashed the cassette into "smithereens" with a hammer. Reed persuaded Quine to rejoin for a world tour, which is documented on the video A Night with Lou Reed (1983) and the album Live in Italy (1984); Quine disliked touring, but agreed to the tour for financial reasons. He ended his partnership with Reed for good in 1985. Although Quine frequently collaborated with Eno from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s (coinciding with the producer's residency in New York), "almost none of [their work] ever came out."In a 1997 interview with Perfect Sound Forever, he claimed to have introduced Eno to "He Loved Him Madly," a thirty-two minute 1974 Miles Davis song that Eno has cited as a pivotal influence in his development of ambient music. Throughout the 1980s, Quine made appearances as a session player on records by Tom Waits, John Zorn, Marianne Faithfull and Scritti Politti. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Quine began collaborations with a few musicians who would introduce him to new audiences, and who would raise his profile a bit. Saxophonist/composer John Zorn hired Quine for several experimental projects. He appeared on They Might Be Giants' 1994 album John Henry, and he also worked with pop songwriters/singers Lloyd Cole and Matthew Sweet during this period. Sweet's biggest hit song, "Girlfriend," is anchored by Quine's frenetic, squealing guitar work. Death
After the death of his wife Alice in August 2003, Quine died by suicide due to a heroin overdose in his New York home on May 31, 2004.Discography

Solo
 Escape (with Jody Harris) (1981)
 Basic (with Fred Maher) (1984)
 Come Together: Guitar Tribute to the Beatles, Vol. 2 (with Jody Harris) (1995)

Richard Hell and the Voidoids
 Blank Generation (1977)
 Destiny Street (1982)
 R.I.P. : The ROIR Sessions (1984)
 Funhunt (Live at CBGB & Max's) (1990)
 Oh (2000)
He is also featured in the 1980 film Blank Generation. Richard Hell
 Time (2002)

Lou Reed
 The Blue Mask (1982)
 Legendary Hearts (1983)
 Live in Italy (1984)
 Between Thought and Expression: The Lou Reed Anthology (1992)

Matthew Sweet
 Earth (1989)
 Girlfriend (1991)
 Altered Beast (1993)
 Son of Altered Beast (1994)
 100% Fun (1995)

Lloyd Cole
 Lloyd Cole (1990)
 Don't Get Weird on Me Babe (1991)
 Love Story (1995)
 Etc. – Dusty Wright (2000)
 Presents Beyond Cyberpunk – Wayne Kramer (2001)
 Bait and Switch – Andre Williams (2001)
 Bootleg Series Volume 1: The Quine Tapes – The Velvet Underground (2001)(Recorded by Quine, though he did not play on it himself.) Lustro – Michael DuClos (2002)
 Cross-Eyed and Bow-Legged – Tom Clark and the High Action Boys (2002)
 The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly – Sonny Vincent (2003)
 Nowhere Land – Kazuyoshi Saito (2003)
 Lys Guillorn – Lys Guillorn (2003)

Notes

External links
 Unofficial website
 Billy Bob Hargus interview
 i94bar interview
 Fan page and list of obituaries family web site
 Tribute to Quine in Perfect Sound Forever

1942 births
2004 suicides
Musicians from Akron, Ohio
Washington University School of Law alumni
Earlham College alumni
American punk rock guitarists
E.G. Records artists
Deaths by heroin overdose in New York (state)
Drug-related suicides in New York (state)
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Ohio
Richard Hell and the Voidoids members
Deadline (band) members
Suicides in New York City
Drug-related deaths in New York City
2004 deaths
Dim Stars members

masks:
Robert Wolfe Quine
Robert Cloyd Quine
Quine