title: Noize MC

texts:
Noize MC is the stage name of Ivan Alexandrovich Alexeyev (, born 9 March 1985), is a Russian rapper, singer and actor. Biography

Birth, early work (1985–2002)
Alexeyev was born on 9 March 1985 in Yartsevo, Smolensk Oblast, Russia. His father is a musician and his mother is a chemist. His parents divorced in 1994. When he was about eight or nine years old, Alexeyev first began to write poetry, and at the age of ten became interested in music. In the winter of 1995–96 he enrolled in music school, studying classical guitar. In 1997 he moved with his mother to the city of Belgorod, where he twice won the regional competition for classical guitar: 1st place in 1998 and 2nd in 2000.When Alexeyev was 13 he formed his own rock band. His idols were Nirvana and The Prodigy. In 2001 Alexeyev graduated music school and in 2002 he graduated high school with a "gold medal". That summer, the musician went to the Russian State Humanities University, and therefore had to leave his band and move to Moscow. Formation (2003–2006)

Settled in an RSHU dormitory, Ivan started his solo career. In 2003, he organized the alternative rock band "Protivo Gunz", composed of non-resident students. It was in his dormitory period that he perfected his mastery of the hip-hop freestyle, and composed most of his demos as Noize MC.The tracks became popular among young people, thanks to the Internet. From 2003 to 2005 Noize <mask> MC won against the famous rapper <mask>, in the final freestyle Battle at the festival of street culture "Snickers Guru Clan." <mask> <mask> was invited by the organizers to become a judge and presenter at another large street festival, called "Snicckers Urbania". In May of this year, Ivan Alexeyev moved out of the dormitory into a rented room on the street Old Arbat. The band "Protivo Gunz" regularly appeared in impromptu street concerts.Some concerts were interrupted by police. In the summer of 2005 and 2006, Noize <mask> <mask> signed to "Respect Productions" as a solo artist, but continued to sing with the band "Protivo Gunz". On 9 September 2006 his rock band won the Russian competition "Urban Sound". Rise in popularity (2007–2008)

As the grand prize for winning "Urban Sound", Protivo Gunz was filmed in a low-budget video for "Pesnya dlya radioefira" (an old song from the solo repertoire of Ivan Alexeyev), which was shown on the TV channel "Muz-TV". At the insistence of the label, the artist was specified as Noize <mask> in the final output.In November 2006, the track appeared on the radio station "DFM". In March 2007, Muz-TV showed retakes from the making of the music video. The Estonian music video was directed by Hindrek Maasik. 13 April 2007 a contract was signed between Noize MC and Respect Productions, and the Russian subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Music journalists regarded the signing of the contract as a significant event not only for the artist, but for Russian hip-hop as well. "This event is not easy to overestimate," said analyst portal Rap.ru. "We have seen an underground artist become an artist with an international label name."There was originally a plan to release a <mask> MC debut album jointly with Respect Production and Universal Music Russia, but several months later the previous label artist completely handed over rights to Universal Music Group. At the same time, Noize MC won the largest Russian Internet competition – "7th official hip-hop battles portal Hip-Hop.Ru", which took place from October 2006 to April 2007. He participated in battles with over 3,000 Russian rappers from around the world. A video of one battle "Za Zakrytoj dver'u" went public in September 2007. The director was again Hindrek Maasik. In the autumn, Noize MC's work was widely broadcast on radio stations and music channels, taking 10th place of "100 Best Songs MTV-2007." In the summer of 2007, Ivan Alexeyev starred in a leading role in the project production center Pavel Lungin – the movie "Rozygrysh", a remake of the 1976 popular picture of Vladimir Menshov.Ivan played Igor Glushko, a senior in high school and young musician, who moved to Moscow from the Tyumen region after the death of his parents. Noize MC also composed the soundtrack to the film. The premiere took place on 22 May 2008. A music video for the song "Moyo More" was filmed based on the movie, and is being shown on the channel A-ONE . Political activity

In February 2010, the car of the Lukoil Vice President Anatoly Barkov collided with a Citroën on the Leninsky Avenue near the Gagarin Square in Moscow. As a result, two women in the Citroën, one of whom was pregnant, were killed. Witnesses claimed that Barkov had been in the wrong lane avoiding traffic, but authorities blamed the Citroën.<ref>[http://www.agoodtreaty.com/2011/11/20/the-runet-delusion/ The RUNet delusion], retrieved 18 November 2012</ref> Noize MC was in Vladivostok at the time, on a tour.One of the women in the Citroën was the sister of his friend. Within 24 hours he wrote the rap piece "Mercedes S666" in protest of Barkov's impunity. This song, and its animated music video, became very popular on the internet.Lyrics of Mercedes S666 (in Russian) retrieved 18 November 2012 (This reaction can be seen as part of a larger social movement against oligarchs' impunity in traffic violations.) Noize MC, along with other celebrities such as writer Boris Akunin addressed the crowds at an anti-government demonstration on 10 December 2011. In August 2014 Noize <mask> performed in Ukraine during the Russian intervention and partial occupation of Ukraine. During a festival in Lviv, he had a Ukrainian flag on stage and dedicated his performance to "all the victims of information warfare". Upon his return to Russia, more than 60% of his upcoming shows were subsequently cancelled by concert promoters following pressure from local authorities, while a number of the remaining were disrupted by unexpected police drug raids and fake bomb searches; the band also had trouble rescheduling events or finding alternative venues.Speaking to the BBC in November 2014, he said that his group was being "blacklisted" in Russia and added that they were "watched and monitored everywhere. It's pretty creepy. I'm really against war. And now this kind of position is considered dangerous." Band members

Current members
Ivan Alexeyev – lead vocals, guitar (2003–present)
Alexander Kislinskiy – bass guitar, backing vocals (2003–present)
Ashot Petrosyan – scratching, sampling, beatboxing, backing vocals, tambourine (2013–present)
Vladimir Zinovyev – drums (2017–present)

Current touring musicians
Andrey Shinkevich – guitar (2013–present)

Former members
Andrey Pikh – drums (2003-2005)
Stanislav Ammosov – scratching, sampling (2012-2013)
Pavel Teterin – guitar (2004-2005), drums (2005—2014)
Mikhail Kozodayev – drums (2014-2017)
Maxim Kramar – guitar, keyboard, backing vocals (2005-2017)

Former touring musicians
Oleg Kudryavtsev – saxophone (2013)
Yaroslav Danilin – trombone (2013)
Alexey Alexeyev – trumpet (2013)
Irina Lvova – cello (2013)
Vladislav Oskolkov – violin (2013)
Sergey Skvortsov – guitar (2011-2013)
Grigoriy Karpov – drums (2017)

Discography
2008 – The Greatest Hits Vol. 1 (Reissue The Greatest Hits Vol. 2 in 2010)
2010 – Latest Album (Последний Альбом)
2012 – New Album (Новый Альбом)
2013 – Protivo Gunz2013 – Confusion (Неразбериха)
2014 – Hard Reboot (Reissue Hard Reboot 3.0 in 2015)
2016 – King of the Mountain (Царь Горы)
2018 – Hiphopera: Orpheus & Eurydice (Хипхопера: Орфей & Эвридика)
2021 – Exit to City Singles
2013 – Bubble gum (video edit) (Жвачка (video edit))
2015 – Tearing the leash (Порвав поводок)
2015 – Make Some Noize2015 – Jingle Bellz2016 – Lenin Has Risen2017 – Childfree (Чайлдфри)
2017 – Summer in the capital (feat.SunSay & MC Fame)  (Лето в столице)
2017 – Corrosion of the hip-hop (Коррозия Хип-Хопа)
2018 – Voice and strings (Голос и струны)
2019 – Like common people (Всё как у людей)
2019 – Chasing the horizon (feat. Sonny Sandoval)
2019 – Read your elders'' (Почитай старших)

Notes

References

External links
 Noize MC on YouTube Charts

Russian hip hop
Russian rappers
Russian hip hop musicians
Rap rock musicians
Russian rock singers
Living people
1985 births
People from Yartsevo
Russian State University for the Humanities alumni
Alternative hip hop musicians
Alternative rock musicians
Russian male guitarists
Russian keyboardists
Russian bass guitarists
Musicians from Moscow

masks:
MCize
Young MC
Noize
MC
MCize
MC
MC
Noize
MC


title: Emily Rosa

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born February 6, 1987) is the youngest person to have a research paper published in a peer reviewed medical journal. At age nine <mask> conceived and executed a scientific study of therapeutic touch which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1998. She graduated from the University of Colorado at Denver in 2009 with a major in psychology. Her parents, Larry Sarner and <mask>, are leaders of the advocacy group Advocates for Children in Therapy. Therapeutic Touch study
In 1996, <mask> saw a video of Therapeutic Touch (TT) practitioners claiming they could feel a "Human Energy Field" (HEF) emanating from a human body and could use their hands to manipulate the HEF in order to diagnose and treat disease. She heard Dolores Krieger, the co-inventor of Therapeutic Touch, claim that everyone had the ability to feel the HEF, and <mask> heard other nurses say the HEF felt to them "warm as Jell-O" and "tactile as taffy." <mask> was impressed by how certain these nurses were about their abilities.She said, "I wanted to see if they really could feel something." Using a standard science fair display board, <mask> devised a single-blind protocol, later described by other scientists as "simple and elegant", for a study she conducted at age nine for her 4th grade science fair. There were two series of tests. In 1996, 15 practitioners were tested at their home or office on different days over a period of several months. In 1997, 13 practitioners, including 7 from the first series, were tested on a single day. The second series was observed and videotaped by the producers of Scientific American Frontiers. Stephen Barrett, MD, of Quackwatch was senior author, her mother (<mask>, RN) was lead author, and her stepfather (Larry Sarner) served as statistician when the experiment was written up for the Journal of the American Medical Association.The study, which included an extensive literature search, was published on April 1, 1998. George Lundberg, editor of JAMA, aware of the uniqueness of the situation, said:  "Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters, and this is good science". The study tested the ability of 21 TT practitioners to detect the HEF when they were not looking. <mask> asked each of the practitioners to sit at a table and extend their hands through a screen. On the other side of the screen, <mask> randomly selected one of the TT practitioners' hands and held her own hand over it. The TT practitioners were then asked which of their hands detected <mask>'s HEF.Subjects were each given ten tries, but they correctly located <mask>'s hand an average of only 4.4 times. Some subjects were asked before testing to examine <mask>'s hands and select which of her hands they thought produced the strongest HEF. <mask> then used that hand during the experiment, but those subjects performed no better. The results showed that TT practitioners could not detect the hand more often than chance, and <mask> and her co-authors therefore concluded that there was no empirical basis to the HEF and by extension therapeutic touch:

Reaction
Publication of <mask>'s experiment in JAMA was an international media sensation. In an article in The New York Times, <mask> was likened to the child in the short tale "The Emperor's New Clothes". The article noted that <mask>'s parents and helpers on the project were <mask>, a registered nurse who had been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade, and Larry Sarner, chairman of the National Therapeutic Touch Study Group, an anti-TT organization. David J Hufford claimed that the study presented ethical problems because the authors of the study enlisted the cooperation of the TT operators by presenting the study as just a "fourth grade science fair project."Hufford wrote that this was failure of full disclosure and deceit. But Hufford's analysis did not acknowledge that the first round of tests was, in fact, only a fourth grade science fair project done with no thought of future publication. Publication was suggested by Dr. Stephen Barrett months afterward when he learned that the study had taken place. The second round of tests was done at the request of Scientific American Frontiers, with the participants fully aware that they were being videotaped. No subsequent experiment has been undertaken overturning her findings. However, one published study clarified some of the issues that were raised at the time in parts of the skeptical community about the method and analysis of the data. Specifically, that study found that people should be expected to detect the presence of a hand at better than chance levels, most likely due to radiant heat because interposing heat blocking materials reduced accuracy to chance levels.Awards

Therapeutic Touch experiment
1999:  Recognition by Guinness Book of World Records () as the youngest person to have research published in a scientific or medical journal. Other work
2000:  Colorado Science and Engineering Fair: 1st Place, Junior Division Earth & Space Sciences, for Geodesy: Measuring the Circumference of the Earth with Original Instruments. 2003:  Atheist Alliance International:  "The Future of Free Thought" Award. Appearances
  ABC, CBS, NBC and PBS evening news; John Stossel specials; BBC, Fox, CNN, MSNBC; Nick News; Brazil Idea; I've Got a Secret; Denver TV; Scientific American Frontiers (three programs); Discovery Channel (two programs); ABC radio; and NPR "All Things Considered". Keynoted the 1998 Ig Nobel Ceremonies at Harvard, and accepted the Award in Science Education for an absent Dolores Krieger, who "could not or would not attend" herself. Krieger, a nursing professor and co-inventor of Therapeutic Touch, was cited "for demonstrating the merits of therapeutic touch, a method by which nurses manipulate the energy fields of ailing patients by carefully avoiding physical contact with those patients." In her keynote, <mask> expressed her gratitude that Dr. Krieger had, for two decades, left basic research in TT for her to do.The next day, <mask> delivered an "Ig Nobel" Address at MIT. Stossel, John (October 6, 1998). "The Power of Belief". ABC News. "New Age Medicine". Penn & Teller: Bullshit! 2008.Publications
  <mask>, <mask>, L Sarner, S Barrett, "A Close Look at Therapeutic Touch". Journal of the American Medical Association, April 1, 1998; 279(13):1005–1010. "TT and Me," by <mask>, Jr. Skeptic, 1998; 6(2):97–99. "A Different Way to Heal?". Science Hotline: Scientists Answer Your Questions, with <mask>, Scientific American Frontiers, PBS, June 4, 2002. "How to Make an Alien Autopsy Cake," by <mask> and <mask>, Jr.Skeptic, 1999; 7(3):105. "Growing Up Godless: How I Survived Amateur Secular Parenting" by <mask>, in Parenting Beyond Belief: On Raising Ethical, Caring Kids Without Religion, Dale McGowan, ed., AMACOM, 2007. . (Other contributors included Richard Dawkins, Julia Sweeney, and Penn Jillette.) References

External links
"The 9th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony "

Living people
1987 births
American skeptics
University of Colorado Denver alumni
People from Loveland, Colorado
American psychologists

masks:
Emily Rosa
Rosa
Linda Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Linda Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
Linda Rosa
Rosa
Rosa
L Rosa
E Rosa
Emily Rosa
Emily Rosa
Emily Rosa
Linda Rosa
Emily Rosa


title: Toshisada Nishida

texts:
<mask> (3 March, 1941 – 7 June, 2011) was a Japanese primatologist who established one of the first long term chimpanzee field research sites. He was the first to discover that chimpanzees, instead of forming nuclear family-like arrangements, live a communal life with territorial boundaries. His discoveries of the medicinal use of plants by wild chimpanzees helped form the basis of the field of zoopharmacognosy. <mask> was a full professor of Zoology at Kyoto University, the President of the Primate Society of Japan, the President of the International Primatological Society, and the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Primates. In 2008, he was a recipient of the Leakey Prize for his accomplishments in human evolutionary science. Scientific career

Early career
As a graduate student, <mask> studied primatology at Kyoto University under Junichiro Itani, a successor of Japanese primatologist Kinji Imanishi. Nishida studied Japanese macaques with Imanishi from 1963-1965 before travelling to Tanzania to study chimpanzees.Chimpanzee research
Despite being more genetically distant from humans than chimpanzees, in the 1960s baboons were considered the best model of human evolution as they had descended from the trees to become savanna-dwellers like early humans did. However, baboons did not possess many of the characteristics deemed important for human evolution, such as tool technology, cooperative hunting, food sharing, territoriality, cultural traditions, and certain cognitive capacities, such as planning and theory-of-mind. Chimpanzees, however, show all characteristics. Early primatologists had observed chimpanzees traveling through trees, eating fruits at their leisure, but rarely noted anything of interest in their behaviour. In the 1960s, there were only two field sites studying chimpanzee behaviour: one led by Jane Goodall in the Gombe Stream, and another located in the foothills of the Mahale Mountains at Lake Tanganyika, which was staffed by Japanese scientists and led by <mask>. <mask>'s team planted sugarcane to attract the chimpanzees, who began to consistently visit the site after only six months. Based on his field observations, <mask> defended his dissertation at Kyoto University in 1968.Discoveries regarding chimpanzees

During <mask>'s first visit to Mahale, he observed chimpanzees living in communities with territorial boundaries, noting the existence of hostility between neighbouring groups. As chimpanzees are often encountered alone or in small groups in the forest, and due to the difficulty of determining community relations between chimpanzees, this challenged the existing scientific belief that chimpanzees lived in nuclear family-like groups. At the Mahale site, scientists followed Kinji Imanishi's methods to identify and name individual chimpanzees, following them over a long period of time in order to understand relationships within the community. The Mahale scientists habituated themselves to the chimpanzees through food provisioning: first with sugar cane, and later with bananas. <mask> developed a "mobile provisioning" technique in which a random site was chosen to distribute food, then scientists would announce their presence by imitating the chimpanzees' hooting calls, allowing the apes to approach and obtain food. As the scientists never used a fixed feeding site, the chimpanzees normal roaming patterns remained intact. Since the 1960s, the Mahale field site has been important to chimpanzee research.There, scientists have learned that chimpanzees medicate themselves with plants, that they have complex tool skills that differ from group to group, they hunt and eat meat, they raid neighbouring territories, and that males engage in power politics while competing over status and females. In 1982, at the same time that Frans de Waal wrote Chimpanzee Politics on apes in captivity, <mask> and his students were documenting very similar power struggles among wild chimpanzees, including one by a male named Kalunde. Kalunde played a game that Nishida called "allegiance-fickleness", which allows elderly males to maintain a key position in the group by regularly switching sides in alliances with younger males. Cultural differences in chimpanzees
<mask> collaborated frequently with Western scientists. In 1975, he invited William McGrew and Caroline Tutin, primatologists familiar with the chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, to Mahale. They had no reason to expect major behavioural differences in the same subspecies of chimpanzee with the same ecology; however, McGrew and Tutin observed the Mahale chimpanzees frequently engaging in handclasp grooming, a behavior that had not been observed in the Gombe chimpanzees. Based on their visit, McGrew and Tutin were the first to seriously question the assumption of "typical" chimpanzee behaviour, an important step towards culture studies on the great apes.Zoopharcognosy
While at the Mahale site in the early 1970s, Nishida observed wild chimpanzees consuming Aspilia leaves, which have no nutritional value and are not digested. He noticed the chimpanzees consuming them very slowly in the morning, swallowing the leaves without chewing. <mask>, along with primatologist Richard Wrangham, published their observations of the potentially medicinal use of plants by wild chimpanzees in 1971. De Waal believes that this paper, along with later studies conducted on self-medication among animals, became the foundations of the field of zoopharmacognosy, or the study of self-medication by animals through the ingestion of plants, insects, or soils. Published works
<mask> was listed as the first author or editor on 17 books and volumes, two of which were in English. His body of work, which featured some of the first papers published in English by Japanese primatologists, often featured great attention to detail, resulting in comprehensive catalogues of behaviour patterns. His final book, Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore, was published posthumously in 2012 by Cambridge University Press.Conservation work
<mask> was a patron of the United Nations Environment Programme's Great Ape Survival project, and worked with UNESCO in an attempt to establish the great apes as a "World Heritage Species". In 1985, he successfully lobbied the Tanzanian government to protect the Mahale Mountains, forming the Mahale Mountains National Park. In 1994, he founded the Mahale Wildlife Conservation Society. Recognition
In 2008, <mask> <mask> and primatologist Jane Goodall were made co-recipients of Leakey Prize, which recognizes accomplishments in human evolutionary science. That year, <mask> also received the International Primatological Society lifetime achievement award. Retirement and death
In March 2004, <mask> retired from Kyoto University. De Waal, who attended his lectures often, stated that they were "riveting, especially given the historical details of how our knowledge has grown over the years and the critical role Japanese scientists have played in modern primatology".After his retirement, <mask> stayed focused on primatology and chimpanzee conservation. In 2004, he became Director of the Japan Monkey Centre, serving as Editor-in-Chief of its journal, Primates, until his death. He made his last field trip to Mahale in the summer of 2009. In 2011, <mask> asked two of his colleagues to ensure the Mahale project would continue for at least another century. <mask> died from cancer later that year, in June 2011. Notes

References

Attribution

External links
 Mahale Wildlife Conservation Society
Mahale Mountains National Park

Primatologists
Japanese mammalogists
Kyoto University faculty
Japanese conservationists
1941 births
2011 deaths

masks:
Toshisada Nishida
Nishida
Toshisada Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Toshisada
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida
Nishida


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
<mask> (née Stone; 20 September 1947 –  9 December 1995) was a British philosopher and non-fiction writer. At the time of her death, <mask> held the chair of social and political thought at the University of Warwick. <mask> began her teaching career at the University of Sussex. She worked in the fields of philosophy and sociology. Notable facets of her work include criticism of neo-Kantianism, post-modernism, and political theology along with what has been described as "a forceful defence of Hegel's speculative thought." Early life
<mask> was born in London into a non-practising Jewish family. Shortly after her parents divorced, when <mask> was still quite young, her mother married another man, her stepfather, with whom <mask> became close as she drifted from her biological father.These aspects of her family life figured in her late memoir Love's Work: A Reckoning with Life (1995). Also in her memoir, she writes that her "passion for philosophy" was bred at age 17 when she read Pascal's Pensées and Plato's Republic. <mask> attended Ealing Grammar School and went on to St Hilda's College, Oxford, where she read PPE. Taught philosophy by Jean Austin, widow of the philosopher J. L. Austin, she later described herself as bristling under the constraints of Oxford-style philosophy. She never forgot Austin remarking in class, "Remember, girls, all the philosophers you will read are much more intelligent than you are." In a late interview, <mask> commented of philosophers trained at Oxford, "It teaches them to be clever, destructive, supercilious and ignorant. It doesn't teach you what's important.It doesn't feed the soul." She graduated with upper second-class honours. Before beginning her DPhil at St. Antony's College, Oxford, she studied at Columbia University and the Free University, Berlin. <mask>'s career began with a dissertation on Theodor W. Adorno, supervised by the Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski, who wryly spoke to her of Adorno as a third-rate thinker. This dissertation eventually became the basis for her first book, The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (1978). She became well known partly through her critiques of postmodernism and post-structuralism. In Dialectic of Nihilism (1984), for instance, she leveled criticisms at Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida.Later, in her essay "Of Derrida's Spirit" in Judaism and Modernity (1993), <mask> critiqued Derrida's Of Spirit (1987), arguing that his analysis of Heidegger's relation to Nazism relied in key instances on serious misreadings of Hegel, which allowed both Heidegger and Derrida to evade the importance of political history and modern law. In an extended "Note" to the essay, <mask> raised similar objections to Derrida's subsequent readings of Hermann Cohen and Walter Benjamin, singling out his notion of the "mystical foundation of authority" as centrally problematic. Her first academic appointment was as a lecturer in sociology in 1974 at the School of European Studies (the University of Sussex). In 1989, <mask> left Sussex for the University of Warwick when a colleague was unexpectedly promoted over her. Inquiring about the promotion with economist Donald Winch, the then pro-vice-chancellor, he told her that her future at the institution was not bright: "He said to me that I was working in a contextual manner and that the future belonged to those whose work was acceptable to the Government, to industry and to the public." Her chair at Warwick in Social and Political Thought was created for her and she was encouraged to bring her funded PhD students with her. She held her position at Warwick until her death in 1995.As part of her thinking into the Holocaust, <mask> was engaged by the Polish Commission for the Future of Auschwitz in 1990, a delegation which included theologian Richard L. Rubenstein and literary critic David G. Roskies, among others. She wrote about her experience of this commission in her memoir Love's Work and in Mourning Becomes the Law and Paradiso. One of her colleagues on the commission, Marc H. Ellis, has written about <mask>'s experience as well: At a crucial moment in our deliberations on the historical knowledge of the Polish guides, <mask> spoke, out of turn and off the subject, of the nearness of God. This was a violation of etiquette, and worse. <mask> was suggesting that the anger of these delegates, for the most part Holocaust scholars and rabbis, was a retrospective one that, paradoxically sought the Holocaust past as a safe haven from inquiries of the present conduct of the Jewish people. <mask>'s memoir, Love's Work, detailing her background, maturation as a philosopher, and years-long battle with ovarian cancer, was a bestseller when it was published in 1995. "She has, hitherto, been a respected, weighty, but lone voice among a specialised readership," wrote Elaine Williams at the time, "[but] she has, since her illness, been driven to write philosophy which has created ripples of excitement among a wider critical audience."Marina Warner, writing for the London Review of Books, said "[Love's Work] provokes, inspires and illuminates more profoundly than many a bulky volume, and confronts the great subjects...and it delivers what its title promises, a new allegory about love." In a review in The New York Times, upon the publication of the U.S. edition of the book, Daniel Mendelsohn wrote, "'Love's Work' is a raw but always artfully wrought confrontation with the 'deeper levels of the terrors of the soul'" Love's Work was re-published by NYRB Books in 2011, in the NYRB Classics series, with an introduction by friend and literary critic Michael Wood and including a poem by Geoffrey Hill, which he had dedicated to her. In a review of the re-publication, in The Guardian, Nicholas Lezard commented, "I struggle to think of a finer, more rewarding short autobiography than this." Death
<mask> was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1993. She died in Coventry at the age of 48. She made a deathbed conversion to Christianity through the Anglican Church. (Andrew Shanks notes that "there is evidence, among the papers left behind from her final illness, that at one point [<mask>] seriously considered the alternative of Roman Catholicism.")She left to the library of Warwick University parts of her own personal library, including a collection of essential works on the History of Christianity and Theology, which are marked "From the Library of Professor <mask>, 1995" on the inside cover. <mask> is survived by her parents, her sister, the academic and writer <mask>, her half sisters, <mask> and Diana Stone, and her half brother, Anthony Stone. <mask>'s papers are held by Warwick University Library in the Modern Records Centre. Philosophy

Dialectic of Nihilism (1984)
<mask>'s third book, Dialectic of Nihilism, is a reading of post-structuralism through the lens of law. Specifically, she attempts to read a number of thinkers preceding and constituting post-structuralist philosophy against Kant's "defense of the 'usurpatory concept' of freedom", that is, his answer to the question of "How [Reason] is to justify its possession" of freedom "through pure reason, systematically arranged." <mask>'s primary foci are Martin Heidegger, to whom she devotes three chapters, and Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida, to whom she devotes one chapter apiece. In addition, however, she scrutinises a few of the neo-Kantians (Emil Lask, Rudolf Stammler, and Hermann Cohen), Henri Bergson, and Ferdinand de Saussure and Claude Lévi-Strauss.Her central argument is that with the post-structuralists a "newly insinuated law [is] dissembled as a nihilistic break with knowledge and law, with tradition in general." Describing this situation in the case of Foucault, <mask> writes, "like all nihilist programmes, this one insinuates a new law disguised as beyond politics." Concomitantly, <mask> contends that similar fates befall the neo-Kantians and other thinkers who try to transcend or ignore the problems of law. According to <mask>, the neo-Kantians seek to resolve the Kantian antinomy of law "by drawing an 'original' category out of the Critique of Pure Reason, be it 'mathesis', 'time', or 'power'", yet remain unable to do so because "[t]his mode of resolution ... depends on changing the old sticking point of the unknown categorical imperative into a new vanishing point, where it remains equally categorical and imperative, unknowable but forceful"; while other thinkers—including Lévi-Strauss and Henri Bergson—"fall into the familiar transcendental problem" wherein the "ambiguity in the relation between the conditioned and the precondition is exploited." The philosopher Howard Caygill—also <mask>'s literary executor—has taken issue with her readings of Deleuze and Derrida in Dialectic of Nihilism, going so far as to call some of them "frankly tendentious". In a more critical review of the book, Roy Boyne, too, argues that <mask> failed to do justice to these figures. "She operates on the highest plane of abstraction", Boyne writes, "for it is only at that level that the polemic makes any sense.Were she to drop down a level or so, she would see that the position she is so concerned to defend is not under attack from the quarters to which she addresses herself." However, Caygill insists that "Whatever the shortcomings of the readings in Dialectic of Nihilism and the unfortunate and unnecessary borders it raised between <mask>'s thought and that of many of her contemporaries, it did mark a further stage in her retrieval of speculative thought." Scott Lash has asserted that the "real weakness of Dialectic of Nihilism is its propensity toward academic point-scoring", the result of which, according to Lash, is <mask>'s "devoting some half of its length attempting to discredit the analysts under consideration with their own assumptions, rather than straightforwardly confronting them with her own juridical prescriptions." Yet Lash considers her chapters on Derrida and Foucault to be partial remedies to this issue. Influence and legacy
Already in 1995, Rowan Williams commented, "<mask>'s work has had far less discussion than it merits." In the decades following Williams' statement others have reiterated the sentiment. Indeed, scholar of religion Vincent Lloyd comments: Everywhere I went I kept encountering professors who loved <mask>'s work, who thought she was brilliant and right, but who had for one reason or another never mentioned her name in print.There were Jeffrey Stout and Cornel West at Princeton, both of whom taught <mask>'s books, Paul Mendes-Flohr at Chicago who knew her well, and Judith Butler and Daniel Boyarin at Berkeley. Nevertheless, <mask>'s work has made more explicit inroads among a number of important thinkers, not the least of them Williams, whose revaluation of Hegel in the 1990s has been attributed to <mask>'s influence. On the philosophy of Hegel, in a text of 1991, Slavoj Žižek writes, "one has to grasp the fundamental paradox of the speculative identity as it was recently identified by <mask>." Žižek here refers to <mask>'s second book Hegel contra Sociology (1981); subsequently, his Hegelianism was dubbed "speculative" by Marcus Pound. In turn, Howard Caygill observes of Hegel contra Sociology: "This work revolutionized the study of Hegel, providing a comprehensive account of his speculative philosophy that overcame the distinction between religious ('right Hegelian') and political ('left Hegelian') interpretations that had prevailed since the death of the philosopher in 1832." And the work  is still cited in Hegel scholarship. Two of <mask>'s students, Paul Gilroy and David Marriott, have emerged as key thinkers of critical race theory and have acknowledged her influence.When John Milbank published Theology and Social Theory in 1990, he cited <mask> as one of the thinkers without whom "the present book would not have been conceivable." Marcus Pound recently found that "<mask> was the Blackwell reader for Milbank's Theology and Social Theory. The <mask> archives at Warwick include the letters Milbank and <mask> exchanged on the subject. In particular she pushed him to clarify the nature of the subject which underpinned Theology and Social Theory. In response Milbank wrote 'The Sublime in Kierkegaard'." Two special issues on <mask> have appeared from scholarly journals. The first, "The Work of <mask>," appeared in 1998 in volume 9, issue 1 of the journal Women: A Cultural Review.It contained contributions from students and friends, including Laura Marcus, Howard Caygill, and Nigel Tubbs, as well as an edited transcription of "two W. H. Smith exercise books containing the notes and observations that [<mask>] had been writing...until shortly before her death" in hospital. An essay by literary critic Isobel Armstrong, which appeared alongside but not as a part of the special issue, turns on <mask>'s concept of "the broken middle" and presents a careful and appreciative reading of her work. In 2015 the journal Telos released a special issue on <mask>, gathering responses and critiques to her work from Rowan Williams, John Milbank, Peter Osborne, and Tubbs. In 2019, The Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy at Kingston University, London established an annual <mask> Memorial Lecture. The inaugural speaker was professor of philosophy and comparative literature Rebecca Comay. Works

Dissertation
"Reification as a Sociological Category: Theodor W. Adorno's Concept of Reification and the Possibility of a Critical Theory of Society," University of Oxford (1976)

Books
The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (1978)
Hegel contra Sociology (1981)
Dialectic Of Nihilism: Post-Structuralism and Law (1984)
The Broken Middle: Out of Our Ancient Society (1992)
Judaism and Modernity: Philosophical Essays (1993)
Love's Work: A Reckoning With Life (1995)
Mourning Becomes the Law: Philosophy and Representation (1996)
Paradiso (1999)

Essays, articles and reviews
"How Is Critical Theory Possible? Theodor W. Adorno and Concept Formation in Sociology," Political Studies 24.1 (March 1976), 69–85.Review of Theodor W. Adorno, Negative Dialectics, in The American Political Science Review 7.2 (June 1976), 598–9. Review of Susan Buck-Morss, The Origin of Negative Dialectics and Zolton Tar, The Frankfurt School, in History and Theory 18.1 (February 1979), 126–135. Review of Thomas McCarthy, The Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas, in British Journal of Sociology 31.1 (March 1980), 110–1. "A ghost in his own machine", review of Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994 and Spectres of Marx by Jacques Derrida. The Times 27 July 1995. "The Final Notebooks of <mask>", Women: A Cultural Review 9:1 (1998), 6–18, edited by Howard Caygill. "Beginnings of the Day: Fascism and Representation", paper in Modernism, Culture and 'the Jew'  (1998) [the book is dedicated to <mask>]

Unpublished writings
"Italian Journey" (uploaded to www.gillianrose.org)
"Your Visit to Auschwitz" (uploaded to www.gillianrose.org)

Notes

Further reading
 Avrahami, Einat, "Illness as Life Affair in <mask>'s Love's Work", chap.1 of The Invading Body: Reading Illness Autobiographies (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007). Bernstein, Jay, "Philosophy Among the Ruins", Prospect 6 (1996), 27–30. Brower Latz, Andrew, The Social Philosophy of <mask> (Eugene, Ore.: Cascade Books, 2018). Caygill, Howard, "The Broken Hegel: <mask>'s retrieval of speculative philosophy", Women: A Cultural Review 9.1 (1998), 19–27. Davis, Joshua B., ed. Misrecognitions: <mask> and the Task of Political Theology (Eugene, Ore.: Cascade Books, 2018). Jarvis, Simon, "Idle Tears: A Response to <mask>" in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: A Reappraisal (edited by Gary K. Browning, Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997), 113–9.Kavka, Martin, "Saying Kaddish for <mask>, or on Levinas and Geltungsphilosophie" in Secular Theology: American Radical Theological Thought (edited by Clayton Crockett, London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 104–129. Lloyd, Vincent, Law and Transcendence: On the Unfinished Project of <mask> (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008). Lloyd, Vincent, "The Race of the Soul: On <mask>" in Religion of the Field Negro: On Black Secularism and Black Theology. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2018), 216–32. Lloyd, Vincent, "On the Use of <mask>", The Heythrop Journal 48.5 (2007), 697–706. <mask>, Jacqueline "On <mask>" in The Last Resistance (London: Verso, 2007). Schick, Kate, <mask>: A Good Enough Justice (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University, 2012).Shanks, Andrew, Against Innocence: <mask>'s Reception and Gift of Faith (London, SCM Press, 2008). Tubbs, Nigel, Contradiction of Enlightenment: Hegel and the Broken Middle (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997). Williams, Rowan D. "Between Politics and Metaphysics: Reflections in the Wake of <mask>", Modern Theology 11.1 (1995), 3–22. External links
Catalogue of <mask>'s papers, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
"Obituary from ''Radical Philosophy" by Howard Caygill
"Mind the Gap: The Philosophy of <mask>" by Nigel Tubbs
Sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Christmas Day 1996
Harrison Fluss, "The Spiritual Animal Kingdom: On <mask> Hegelian Critique of Bourgeois Society" 2011

1947 births
1995 deaths
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century British philosophers
Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford
British Jews
British women academics
British women philosophers
Converts to Anglicanism from Judaism
Jewish philosophers
Hegelian philosophers
British sociologists
British women sociologists
Alumni of St Hilda's College, Oxford
English Anglicans
Academics of the University of Sussex
Academics of the University of Warwick
Deaths from ovarian cancer
20th-century historians
20th-century British women scientists

masks:
Gillian Rosemary Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Career Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Jacqueline Rose
Alison Rose
Archives Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Roses


title: Klaus Bruengel

texts:
<mask> (born in October 1949 in Holzwickede) is a German Composer and bass player. Noteworthy are his 46 musical representations of the characters and places in Homer's epic Odyssey, summarized in the Odyssey Suite 2014 he composed the Ballet Suite "In Monets Garden"

Life
Bruengel studied music at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold and educational science at the University of Münster. He made a name for himself as composer, bassist and music-arranger with the "Kurt Weil Orchestra" in Sweden and Switzerland, and also as a member of the jazz rock band Time in Space. There followed a number of years as session musician and musical arranger at the WDR (German radio/TV station). He collaborated with Schauspielhaus Bochum, there he played in Saint Joan of the Stockyards by Bertolt Brecht, The Cherry Orchard by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, The Bat by Johann Strauss II, Bruengel also worked as a bassist with artists like Markus Stockhausen, Herbert Grönemeyer, Jon Eardley and Jimmy Smith. He composed the Musical "Meeresleuchten". His Pseudonym is Nicola de Brun.2002 he had his own Orchestra and played for the Unicef with Kevin Tarte and Afsaneh Sadeghi. 2), EAN 4250928388919, 2016
 Woodwinds Nocturne (Woodwinds, Piano and Harp), EAN 4250928391872, 2016
 Nocturne for String Quartet, EAN 4250928393579, 2016
 Kammermusikalische Phantasien 6-10, EAN 4250532598278, 2016
 Impromptu No. 2 (Music for Flute, Oboe, Strings and Piano), EAN 4250887849896, 2016
 Moonlight Dreams Ballet (14 Piano Pieces), EAN 4250887853497, 2017
 Ballet Suite No. Materialien. Lesen – Sprache – Sachunterricht, Beteiligung, Schöningh Verlag im Westermann Druck- und Verlagsgruppe|Westermann Schulbuchverlag, 1997,
 JeKi elementar – Grundlagen Materialien Ideen – Beteiligung, Musikproduktion 2 CDs für Schott Music, 2011,
 Sylt Impressionen – Bilder Musik Prosa – Edition Scores&Parts, 2011, ISMN 978-0-50243-102-0
 Ballet Music For Exercises 1- 5, Edition Scores&Parts, Dortmund, 2013,

Music Scores

Piano Solo • New Music
 Provocation • Audio/Video • ISRC DESN91300141
 Fire and Ice • Audio/Video • ISRC DESN91300140
 Ballet Music for Piano • Exercises 1-60 • Edition Scores&Parts • 2014
 Monday • ISMN 9790502431969 • Edition Scores&Parts • 2014

Duets
Tuba, Piccolo
 Duet for Tuba and Piccolo • Audio/Video • ISRC DESN91300139
Oboe, Trombone
 Duet for Oboe and Trombone • Audio/Video • ISRC DESN91300138

Ensemble Music, Scores incl.


title: Paul Dessau

texts:
<mask> (19 December 189428 June 1979) was a German composer and conductor. He collaborated with Bertolt Brecht and composed incidental music for his plays, and several operas based on them. Biography

<mask> was born in Hamburg into a musical family. His grandfather, <mask>, was a cantor in the Hamburg synagogue. From 1909, Dessau majored in violin, studying with Florian Zajic at the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory in Berlin. In 1912 he became répétiteur at the Stadttheater Hamburg, the municipal theatre. He studied the work of the conductors Felix Weingartner and Arthur Nikisch and took classes in composition from .He was second Kapellmeister at the Tivoli Theatre in Bremen in 1914 before being drafted for military service in 1915 . After World War I he became conductor at the Kammerspiele Hamburg, and was répétiteur and later Kapellmeister at the Cologne Opera under Otto Klemperer between 1919 and 1923. In 1923 he became Kapellmeister at the Staatstheater Mainz and from 1925 Principal Kapellmeister at the Städtische Oper Berlin under Bruno Walter. In 1933 Dessau emigrated to France, and 1939 moved further to the United States, where initially he lived in New York before moving to Hollywood in 1943 . Dessau returned to Germany with his second wife, the writer Elisabeth Hauptmann, and settled in East Berlin in 1948. Starting in 1952, he taught at the Staatliche Schauspielschule (State drama school) in Berlin-Oberschöneweide where he was appointed professor in 1959. He became a member of the GDR Akademie der Künste in 1952 and was vice-president of this institution between 1957 and 1962.He taught many master classes, his students including Friedrich Goldmann, Reiner Bredemeyer, Jörg Herchet, , Friedrich Schenker, Luca Lombardi and Karl Ottomar Treibmann. Dessau was married four times: Gudrun Kabisch (1924), with whom he had two children, Elisabeth Hauptmann (1948),  (1952), and choreographer and director Ruth Berghaus (1954), with whom he had a son, <mask> (b. 1954) who became a film director. Dessau died on 28 June 1979 at the age of 84, in Königs Wusterhausen, on the outskirts of Berlin. Works
Dessau composed operas, scenic plays, incidental music, ballets, symphonies and other works for orchestra, and pieces for solo instruments as well as vocal music. From the 1920s on, he was fascinated by film music. He composed music for early movies of Walt Disney, as well as background music for silent pictures and early German films.While in exile in Paris he wrote the oratorio Hagadah shel Pessach after a libretto by Max Brod. In the 1950s in collaboration with Bertolt Brecht he focused on the musical theatre. During that time several of his operas were produced. He also wrote Gebrauchsmusik (utility music) for the propaganda of the German Democratic Republic. At the same time he lobbied for the musical avant-garde (e.g. Witold Lutosławski, Alfred Schnittke, Boris Blacher, Hans Werner Henze and Luigi Nono). His compositions were published by Schott.The Akademie holds many of his works in its archives. Operas
All operas by Dessau were premiered at the Staatsoper Berlin. Clownspiel (clown play)  1949
 Der Hofmeister 1950
 Herrnburger Bericht for youth choir, soloists and orchestra 1951
 Mann ist Mann 1951–1956
 Urfaust 1952–1953
 Don Juan 1953
 Der kaukasische Kreidekreis 1953–1954
 Coriolan 1964

Film music
 Alice the Fire Fighter (Alice und ihre Feuerwehr) (21.8.1928), Alice's Monkey Business (Alice und die Flöhe) (25.9.1928), Alice in the Wooly West (Alice und die Wildwest-Banditen) (18.10.1928) and Alice Helps the Romance (Alice und der Selbstmörder) (31.1.1929) by Walt Disney
 L'Horloge Magique. 2. La Forêt enchanté (Der verzauberte Wald) (7 September 1928) and L'Horloge Magique. 1. L'Horloge Magique (Die Wunderuhr) (12 November 1928) by Ladislas Starewitch
 Doktor Doolittle und seine Tiere (15 December 1928) by Lotte Reiniger with arrangements of music by Kurt Weill, <mask> and a private composition
 Musical director in musical and operetta films together with Richard Tauber (among others The Land of Smiles, Melody of Love).with melodies by Franz Lehár and Bronislaw Kaper
 400 cm^3 documentary
 Storm over Mont Blanc, The White Ecstasy and S.O.S. Eisberg by Arnold Fanck
 White Cargo (by Robert Siodmak), Yoshiwara (by Max Ophüls), The Novel of Werther (by Ophüls)
 Crossroads (1938)
 Gibraltar (1938)

Works for choir
 Deutsches Miserere for mixed choir, children's choir, soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloists, large orchestra, organ and trautonium 1943–1944
 Internationale Kriegsfibel for soloists, mixed choir and instruments 1944–45
 Die Erziehung der Hirse, musical epic for one narrator, one solo voice, mixed choir, youth choir and large orchestra 1952–1954
 Vier Grabschriften. 3 with concluding chorus "Grabschrift für Lenin" 1969
 Für Helli, small piece for piano 1971
 Bagatelles for viola and piano (1975)
 Sonatine for viola and piano (1929)
 2 symphonies
 7 string quartets and others

Awards
 Award of the music publisher Schott 1924
 National Prize III. Category 1953
 National Prize II. Category 1956
 National Prize I. Category 1965
 Vaterländischer Verdienstorden (Decoration of Honour for Services to the GDR) in Gold 1965
 Karl-Marx-Orden (Karl-Marx–Decoration) 1969
 National Prize I. Category 1974

 Sources
 Dessau, <mask>.Notizen zu Noten, ed. Fritz Henneberg (Reclam, Leipzig 1974). Dessau, <mask>. Aus Gesprächen (VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1974). Henneberg, Fritz. Dessau – Brecht. Musikalische Arbeiten.(Henschel, Berlin 1963). Hennenberg, Fritz. <mask>. Eine Biographie. (VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1965). Lucchesi, Joachim (ed.). Das Verhör in der Oper: Die Debatte um die Aufführung "Das Verhör des Lukullus" von Bertolt Brecht und <mask>u'' (BasisDruck, Berlin 1993).References

Cited sources

External links

 <mask> (Composer) Bach Cantatas Website
 <mask> – Komponist / Biografie (in German) cinegraph.de

1894 births
1979 deaths
German male classical composers
German opera composers
Male opera composers
German film score composers
Male film score composers
20th-century classical composers
Jewish classical composers
Jewish classical musicians
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Musicians from Hamburg
German military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit
Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
20th-century German composers
Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory alumni
20th-century German male musicians
East German musicians

masks:
Paul Dessau
Dessau
Moses Berend Dessau
Maxim Dessau
Paul Hindemith
Paul
Paul
Paul Dessau
Paul Dessa
Paul Dessau
Paul Dessau


title: Luigi Ricci (composer)

texts:
<mask> (8 July 1805 – 31 December 1859), was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. He was the elder brother of <mask>, with whom he collaborated on several works. He was also a conductor. Life
<mask> was born and educated in Naples, where he wrote his first opera at the conservatory in 1823. His triumphs in 1831 at La Scala with Chiara di Rosembergh and in 1834 with Un'avventura di Scaramuccia made him famous throughout Europe, and in 1835 he and his younger brother Federico collaborated in the first of the four operas they wrote together. In 1837 <mask> ran into financial problems, brought about mainly by his extravagant life-style. He was forced to accept a job at Trieste, and he composed no operas for seven years.Then, however, he fell in love, at the same time, with both Francesca and Ludmila, the 17-year-old identical twin sisters of the singer Teresa Stolz, also singers, and this inspired him to create (in 1845) an opera for them both to sing in, at Odessa. Back in Trieste he married Ludmila (without, however, letting go of the other). He then composed three more operas on his own, which were well received, although his greatest success of these years was actually Crispino e la comare, his last collaboration with his brother, of which he wrote the greater part. Comedy was <mask>'s strong suit, and though not quite reaching the level of Donizetti (whom he himself greatly admired), Crispino is generally considered one of the best Italian comic operas of the period. 'The Brewer of Preston', however, is treated irreverently by Andrea Camilleri in the novel of the same name. His conducting credits include the world premiere of Verdi's Il corsaro. In 1859, shortly after the production of his last opera, <mask> succumbed to mental illness, and he ended his life in a hospital in Prague.His daughter Lella <mask> (with Ludmila, 1850–71) was an opera singer, and his son <mask>-Stolz (with Francesca, 1852–1906) was a composer, too. <mask>'s operas and their librettists

 L'impresario in angustie (G. M. Diodati), farsa – Naples, Conservatorio, 1823
 La cena frastornata (Andrea Leone Tottola) – Naples, Teatro Nuovo, Autumn 1824
 L'abbate Taccarella, ovvero Aladino (also produced as La gabbia de' matti, Poeta Taccarella, etc.) ), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three, pp. 1310–1311. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
Budden, Julian (1998), "<mask>, Federico", in Stanley Sadie (ed. ), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol.Three, pp. 1309–1310. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
Rose, Michael (2001), "Ricci, <mask>", in Holden, Amanda (ed. ), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, p. 745. Rose, Michael (2001), "Ricci, Federico", in Holden, Amanda (ed. ), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, p. 744. External links

 Short biography of <mask> brothers

1805 births
1859 deaths
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian Romantic composers
Italian conductors (music)
Italian male conductors (music)
Musicians from Naples
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)

masks:
Luigi Ricci
Federico Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Luigi Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Luigi
Ricci


title: Gustave Foëx

texts:
<mask> (<mask>, born in Marseille in 1844 - died in 1906) was a French ampelographer and a colleague of Pierre Viala. <mask> who was Director of the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier (French: École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier, now known as Supagro) from 1881 to 1897 was a professor of viticulture here from 1870 to 1896 and he created the school vineyard in 1876 to test the American vine-stock's resistance to phylloxera). At the end of the 19th century, Montpellier was recognized to be THE European centre for studying vines, attracting both eminent researchers and viticulture specialists to the school. / Montpellier : Coulet, 1884
 Ampélographie américaine : Description des variétés les plus intéressantes de vignes américaines, avec une introduction à l'étude de la vigne américaine par M. Gustave Foëx,... M. Pierre Viala,... / 2ème édition / Montpellier : aux bureaux du "Progrès agricole et viticole , (1885)
 Catalogue des ampélidées cultivées à l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (1884) par G. Foex Directeur et professeur de viticulture. / Montpellier : Typographie et lithographie Bohem et fils , 1885
 Le Mildiou ou Peronospora de la vigne. Montpellier, Coulet ; Paris, Delahaye, 1885. (with Pierre Viala).Cours complet de viticulture 44. 1886
 Les vignes américaines et les maladies de la vigne : conférences par M. <mask> Foex / Genève : Athénée , 1887
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par Gustave Foex / 4e éd. revue et considérablement augm / Montpellier : C. Coulet , 1887
 Création de pépinières départementales : Rapport sur la reconstitution par les cépages américains des vignes phylloxérées, et instructions relatives au traitement du mildiou par M. Foëx.... ; Département du Doubs. / Besançon : impr. de Millot frères , 1888
 Cours complet de viticulture par M. <mask> Foëx,... / 2e éd. revue et considérablement augmentée / Montpellier : Camille Coulet , 1888
 Le "Rot" blanc ou "Coniothyrium diplodiella par G. Foëx,... et L. Ravaz / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1888
 Rapport sur le plâtrage des vins par G. Foëx / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1888
 Catalogue des ampélidées cultivées à l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (1889) par G. Foex,... / Montpellier : Typographie et lithographie Charles Boehm, 1889
 Carnet de notes ampélographiques, destiné aux élèves de l'école nouvelle d'agriculture de Montpellier par M. G. Foëx, directeur et professeur de viticulture. / Montpellier : Impr.Serre et Ricome, 1890
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par Gustave Foëx,... / 5e éd. revue et considérablement augmentée / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1891
 Cours complet de viticulture par G. Foëx,.. / 3e édition, revue et considérablement augmentée avec 6 cartes en chromo hors texte et 575 gravures dans le texte / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1891
 Cours complet de viticulture par M. G. Foëx,... / 4e éd., revue et considérablement augmentée... / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1895
 Comment devons-nous reconstituer nos vignobles ? : Les vignobles nouveaux, emploi des vignes Américaines par M. Gustave Foëx ... / Deuxième édition / Paris : E. Brocheriouxt, 1899
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : Vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par M. Gustave Foëx ... / 6ème édition, / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1899
 Historique de la crise phylloxérique en France : exposition universelle de 1900 : congrès international de viticulture, 13-17 juin 1900, Paris par G. Foex,... / Paris : Société anonyme de publications périodiques, 1900
 La vinificación moderna : ¿Cómo debemos debemos hacer nuestro vino? por Gustave Foëx / Santiago de Chile : Impr. moderna, 1900
 Los viñedos nuevos : ¿Cómo debemos reconstituir nuestros viñedos? por Gustave Foëx / Santiago de Chile : Impr. moderna, 1900
 La vinificación moderna : ¿Cómo debemos hacer nuestro vine ?<mask> Foex ; Trad. al castellano y anot. en lo que se refieremás particularmente a Chile i Sud-América por Gaston Lavergne / Santiago de Chile : Impr. y lit. Franco-chilena, 1902-1903

References

External links

French botanists
1844 births
1906 deaths

masks:
Gustave Foëx
Gustave Louis Émile Foëx
Gustave Foex
Gustave
Gustave
Gustave


title: Annibale Bugnini

texts:
<mask>  (14 June 1912 – 3 July 1982) was a Catholic prelate. Ordained in 1936 and named archbishop in 1972, he was secretary of the commission that worked on the reform of the Catholic liturgy that followed the Second Vatican Council. Critics and proponents of the changes made to the Roman Rite Mass and other liturgical practices before and after Vatican II consider him a dominant force in these efforts. He held several other posts in the Roman Curia and ended his career as papal nuncio to Iran, where he acted as an intermediary during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979 to 1981. Early life and ordination
<mask> was born in Civitella del Lago in Umbria. In 1928 he began his theological studies with the Congregation of the Mission and was ordained a priest on 26 July 1936. He completed his doctorate in sacred theology at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas Angelicum in 1938 with a dissertation entitled De liturgia eiusque momento in Concilio Tridentino.He spent ten years in parish work in a suburb of Rome. In 1947 Bugnini became involved in the production of the missionary publications of his order and became the first editor of Ephemerides Liturgicæ, a scholarly journal dedicated to the reform of the Catholic liturgy. Starting in 1949, he taught liturgical studies at the Pontifical Urban College (now the Pontifical Urban University). He later became a professor at the Pontifical Lateran University. Curial career
On 28 May 1948, Pope Pius XII appointed Bugnini secretary to the Commission for Liturgical Reform, which created a revised rite for the Easter Vigil in 1951 and revised ceremonies for the rest of Holy Week in 1955. The commission also made changes in 1955 to the rubrics of the Mass and office, suppressing many of the Church's octaves and a number of vigils, and abolishing the first vespers of most feasts. In 1960 the commission modified the Code of Rubrics, which led to new editions of the Roman Breviary in 1961 and of the Roman Missal in 1962.On 25 January 1959, Pope John XXIII announced his plan to convene the Second Vatican Council. On 6 June 1960 Fr<mask> was named secretary of the Pontifical Preparatory Commission on the Liturgy. This body produced the first drafts of the document that, after many changes, would become the council's Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (1963). When the council convened in October 1962, the Preparatory Commission was succeeded by the Conciliar Commission on the Sacred Liturgy, on which <mask> was assigned the role of a peritus (expert). At the same time, <mask> was removed from the chair of Liturgy at the Pontifical Lateran University because, in the words of Piero Marini, "his liturgical ideas were seen as too progressive." In his posthumously published memoirs, Second Vatican Council consultant Louis Bouyer called Bugnini "a man as bereft of culture as he was of basic honesty."The council and Pope Paul VI approved the Constitution on the Liturgy on 4 December 1963. On 30 January 1964, the Pope appointed Bugnini secretary of the Council for the Implementation of the Constitution on the Liturgy. Bugnini was appointed the secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship by Pope Paul in May 1969. In January 1965, he had become an undersecretary in the Congregation of Rites responsible for causes for beatification and canonization. On 6 January 1972, Pope Paul named Bugnini Titular Archbishop of Diocletiana and consecrated him as bishop on the following 13 February. On 16 July 1975, Pope Paul announced the merger of two curial departments to form the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, ending <mask>'s career in the Roman Curia. His personal secretary was Piero Marini, who is now an archbishop and president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses.Diplomatic service
On 4 January 1976, Pope Paul named Bugnini pro-nuncio to Iran. Bugnini studied the country, its history, and traditions. The results of his researches appeared in 1981 as La Chiesa in Iran (The Church in Iran). In 1979, Bugnini tried unsuccessfully to obtain, in the name of the pope, the release of the American hostages being held at the United States embassy by followers of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. He  met with Khomeini to deliver Pope John Paul II's appeal for the release of the hostages. The 52 Americans were released on 21 January 1981, after 444 days in captivity. Death
Bugnini died of natural causes at the Pope Pius XI Clinic in Rome on 3 July 1982.His detailed account of the work to which he devoted most of his career, The Reform of the Liturgy 1948-1975, appeared posthumously. An English translation was published in 1990. Allegation
The oft-repeated allegation of Bugnini's being a Freemason, was first made in print by Italian essayist Tito Casini in his book Nel Fumo di Satana. Verso l'ultimo scontro (Florence: Il carro di San Giovanni, 1976). Casini claimed that according to an anonymous source, Bugnini left a briefcase in a conference room. When someone found it and attempted to identify the owner, incriminating documents were within. English writer Michael Davies claimed that Pope Paul VI's sending of Bugnini to Iran as nuncio was due to this alleged revelation of Bugnini's Masonic affiliation, though the task of his post-Vatican II congregation had just been completed (supra).Davies further claimed that an unnamed, conservative cardinal had told him in the summer of 1975 that he'd "seen (or placed) on the pope's desk" a "dossier" containing evidence of Bugnini's Freemason connection. Neither of these claims have ever been verified, although more details on these allegations have become available through more recently published interviews with Fr. Charles Murr, who served as an assistant to Cardinal Gagnon during the 1970s. Bibliography
 La  Chiesa  in  Iran (The Church in Iran), 1981
 La Riforma Liturgica 1948-1975 (The Reform of the Liturgy, 1948-1975), 1983

References

1912 births
1983 deaths
People from the Province of Terni
Vincentians
Liturgists
Pontifical Lateran University faculty
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Vincentian bishops
Apostolic Nuncios to Iran
Freemasonry-related controversies

masks:
Annibale Bugnini
Annibale Bugnini
. Bugnini
Bugnini
Bugnini
Bugnini


title: Johanna Gertze

texts:
<mask> (née Kazahendike) (Otjimbingwe, 16 July 1836 – 3 July 1935, Otjimbingwe) was a Namibian Herero and Christian convert. Gertze worked in the household of Carl Hugo Hahn and his wife at Otjikango. She initially came to the school at the mission to learn sewing and soon became so proficient that she was teaching the art to others. She appears to have been fluent in English, Dutch, and German, and she assisted in translating a variety of materials into Herero. Between 1860 and 1862 Hahn published nine Herero publications in Germany, and there is evidence that Gertze assisted considerably in ensuring their success. She traveled with Hahn and his wife to Germany, participating in mission work as a convert and working on the books on Herero. In 1862 she came back to Cape Town, and in 1864 she returned to Otjikango.The following year, she married the Herero-German <mask>. He was a widowed father of eight; the couple had nine more children in the ensuing fifteen years, ending with Samuel's death in 1880. <mask> worked as a midwife and pharmacist for the remainder of her life. She was featured on a Namibian postage stamp in 1999. With the Hahn family
Uerita Kazahendike's mother was Herero and her father was Damara. By tribal custom, she was raised Herero. At 11 years old, she became the governess to the missionary Carl Hugo Hahn and his wife and children in Otjikango (later named Gross Barmen after the Rhenish Missionary Society's hometown).Hahn had founded the mission, west of Okahandja, on 31 October 1844. While looking after the Hahn children, she attended the mission school. In the service of the Kreft family
In 1853, the Rev. Hahn took home leave in Germany, and Uerita accompanied his family to port in Cape Town. After seeing them off, she returned to South West Africa with the missionary Johannes Rath, but instead of returning to Otjikango, she stayed behind in Bethanie with the family of another Rhenish Missionary, Hermann Kreft, working as a servant and learning Dutch and some German. In 1936, the missionary and educator Heinrich Vedder wrote from Uerita's perspective of an incident that made a lasting impression on Uerita and probably contributed to her conversion: "It was little Mary's bedtime. After her bath, I went to her room to tuck her in.However, she was reluctant to get into bed and knelt before me, folding her hands together and asking me to pray with her as her mother did at bedtime. I did not know how to do so and it made me feel ashamed." Uerita lived with the Kreft family in Namaland until 1857. Here she encountered a Christian congregation, an unusual sight in Hereroland, and attended catechism with a group of Nama. However, she still had no desire to be baptized and Kreft did not pressure her to change her mind. Return to the Hahns
The Hahn family returned in 1857 to Hereroland and Uerita joined them once more in Otjimbingwe. On 25 July 1858, she was baptized on the mission as <mask>, the first Herero woman to join the Christian faith.She was indispensable in Hahn's efforts to translate stories from the Bible into Herero. Later, she accompanied the family to Germany to proofread books published in Herero out of Gütersloh. They stayed there in the mission home available to missionaries on home leave. Later, Vedder's mother made <mask>'s acquaintance, making such an impression on her that she urged her son, born in 1876, to become a missionary to young people in Africa. In Germany
<mask> had a great task ahead of her in Germany. She managed the Hahn household along with participating in missionary work and proofreading prints from Bertelsmann of Hahn's written work in Herero. Along with a New Testament in Herero, Bertelsmann also published a grammar and a comprehensive dictionary.Unfortunately, <mask> struggled to adjust to life in Europe. "It is a beautiful land, but only if one is born there," she later said. "If one is born in Africa, one should stay in Africa." Married life
In 1861, she returned to her homeland on the advice of her doctor, who believed the German climate was adversely affecting her health. Hugo Hahn, who would stay in Germany another two years, suggested that <mask> work for the household of Peter Heinrich Brinker, a young missionary in Otjikango. <mask> (born around 1805 in Kookfontein, died on 15 October 1889 in Otjimbingwe) lived in Otjikango at the time and had just become a widow with eight children. He married <mask> by the Herero custom, contributing the slaughter of two cattle and several goats for the wedding feast.The missionary dealer Johann Wilhelm Redecker, then a bachelor, was sent in 1868 to Omaruru to teach the locals to plant vegetable gardens and wheat fields. With her husband's permission, <mask> became Redecker's housekeeper while <mask>'s adult daughters looked after their father. Once Redecker married, <mask> and Samuel moved to Anahout on the Swakop River where they supervised the Rhenish Missionaries' wheat fields. <mask> and Samuel had nine children, of whom two died in infancy. Samuel died of a ripe old age in 1889. <mask> was around 60 when she decided to become a midwife, and she helped bring many of Redecker's children into the world. She was highly proficient, to the point that she assisted with the pregnancies of many other European settler women.Last years
On 25 July 1933, the Ojimbingwe Rhenish congregation celebrated a milestone with the 75th anniversary of <mask>'s baptism. Though 97 and frail, she attended the event and regaled them with stories from the old days. "The Lord sure forgot to take me," she quipped at the event. After her death a mere two years later at the age of almost 99, she was buried next to her husband in the Otjimbingwe cemetery. Their names are chiseled on a tombstone from which a cross appears. Legacy
In 1936, Vedder's book Die schwarze Johanna: Lebens- und Zeitbild der 99jährigen <mask>ze, der Erstlingsfrucht vom Missionsfelde des Hererolandes ("The Black Johanna: The Life and Times of 99-Year-Old <mask>, the First Fruits of the Mission in the Herero Lands") was published by the Rhenish Missionaries' press, Verlag des Missionshauses. In 1999, NamPost, the Namibian national postal service, issued a stamp honoring Gertze.Sources
 (af) <mask>, the first Christian Herero woman, by Walter Moritz, Republikein, 7 February 2014. URL accessed 17 April 2016. (af) Von Moltke, J. Huisgenoot, 1 July 1949. (af) De Kock, W.J. 1968. Suid-Afrikaanse Biografiese Woordeboek, part I. Pretoria: Nasionale Raad vir Sosiale Navorsing, Departement van Hoër Onderwys. (en) <mask>'s life story from the New Era website.New Era. URL accessed 18 April 2016. References

1836 births
1935 deaths
Herero people
Namibian midwives
Namibian pharmacists
People from Otjozondjupa Region
20th-century Namibian people
20th-century Namibian women
Women pharmacists

masks:
Johanna Uerieta Gertze
Samuel Gertze
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Samuel Gertze
Johanna
Johanna
Gertze
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna
Johanna Gert
Johanna Gertze
Johanna Gertze
Johanna Gertze


title: Jason Willett

texts:
<mask> is an American musician, known largely for his work with experimental rock groups including Half Japanese, Can Openers, Pleasant Livers, X-Ray Eyes, The Dramatics (Martha Colburn and <mask>), The Jaunties, The Attitude Robots, Leprechaun Catering, and many more. His current projects are: Half Japanese, Period Bomb, Matmos, Spacience, Leprechaun Catering, and continues to put out new material in collaboration with Jac Berrocal and David Fenech. His record label, Megaphone, initially set out to issue work by Rock in Opposition-derived performers such as The Work, Fred Frith, the Molecules, Matmos, David Liebe Hart, Tim Hodgkinson and Jac Berrocal, but became largely a venue for <mask>'s own collaborative music. He has also made records with Ruins, Jac Berrocal, R Stevie Moore, James Chance, Matmos, Hanna Olivegren, Jon Rose, Michael Evans, Ron Anderson, Benb Gallaher, Mick Hobbs, Chris Cutler, Little Howlin Wolf, Yamatsuka Eye and his various pet ducks. The son of songwriter <mask> (whose work included Tammy St. John's "Dark Shadows and Empty Hallways" and Walter Jackson's "It's an Uphill Climb to the Bottom"), <mask> was raised in a musical household in Maryland. After being drafted as bassist for Half Japanese in 1990, he has retained a collaborative relationship with Jad Fair, with whom he has produced 14 collaborative duo releases (at least 2000 songs still unreleased). He has operated The True Vine record shop out of Baltimore's Hampden neighborhood for about a dozen years now, but has recently had to move it to Baltimore's Station North neighborhood.: s/t (LP) (Planam 2010)
<mask>: Something's Going On.... (Cassette) (Player Press) (2014)
Half Japanese: Overjoyed (LP) (Joyful Noise) (2014)
Bottomless Up: s/t (Cassette) (A Megaphone Cassette Special) (2015)
Half Japanese: Bingo Ringo (EP) (Joyful Noise) (2015)
Half Japanese: Perfect {LP} (2017, Joyful Noise)
Half Japanese: Perfect {CD} (2017, Joyful Noise)
Jad Fair & <mask> - The Greatest Power {LP}(Dymaxion Groove) (2015)
Half Japanese: Hear The Lions Roar {LP} (2017, Fire)
Half Japanese: Hear The Lions Roar {CD} (2017, Fire)
I Said No Doctors! {LP}(2017, Dymaxion Groove)
Half Japanese: why not? {LP} (2018, Fire)
Half Japanese: why not? {CD} (2018, Fire)
David Liebe Hart Meets Jad Fair & <mask>: For Everyone {LP} (2018, Joyful Noise)
David Liebe Hart Meets Jad Fair & <mask>: For Everyone {Cassette} (2019, Burger)
Half Japanese: Invincible {LP} (2019, Fire)
Half Japanese: Invincible {CD} (2019, Fire)
Jac Berrocal, <mask>, David Fenech : Xmas in March {LP, CD} (2020, Megaphone + Knock Em Dead Records)

External links
megaphonerecords.com
The True Vine Record Shop

Living people
American multi-instrumentalists
American experimental musicians
American audio engineers
Record producers from Maryland
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Jason Willett
Jason Willett
Willett
Fangette Willett
Jason Willett
Jason Willett
Jason Willett
Jason Willett
Jason Willett
Jason Willett


title: Wilhelm Stapel

texts:
<mask> (27 October 1882 – 1 June 1954), was a German Protestant and nationalist essayist. He was the editor of the influential antisemitic monthly magazine Deutsches Volkstum from 1919 until its shutdown by the Nazis in 1938. While holding cultural anti-semitic thesis that diverged from the racialist Nazi doctrines, and advocating for less harmful measures to be taken against Jews, Stapel nonetheless collaborated with many Nazi institutions and official figures. He spoke vehemently against the anti-Nazi Confessing Church of Martin Niemöller and Karl Barth, and defended the policy of Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller. At the same time Stapel was committed to the policy of Reichsminister of Church Affairs (Reichskirchenminister) Hanns Kerrl, to whom he served as an advisor. After 1945, Stapel despised the new German Federal Republic and, in 1949, called for a boycott of the Bundestag elections. He died in Hamburg in 1954 at the age of 71, largely unnoticed from the public.Early life
Otto Friedrich <mask> was born on 27 October 1882 in Kalbe, the son of a Prussian watchmaker. He soon became a journalist under the influence of Friedrich Naumann in 1903. In 1905 he graduated from high school (Abitur), before joining Ferdinand Avenarius' magazine Der Kunstwart in November 1911. The same year, he earned a PhD in art history at the University of Göttingen, after a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Edmund Husserl titled Der Meister des Salzwedeler Hochaltars. Nebst einem Überblick über die gotischen Schnitzaltäre der Altmark ("The Master of Salzwedel's high altar. In addition to an overview of the Gothic carved altars of the Altmark"). From 1903 to 1914, Stapel was a left-wing liberal but also an aggressive nationalist.He abominated in his articles what he called "Wilhelmian histrionics" and bourgeois materialism. The patriotic experience of WWI turned <mask> into a right-winger and a supporter of Ludendorff's annexations programme in Poland. Adopting the Volksgedanke ("thought of the folk") as the essence for his political theories, he became, from 1919 until its shutdown by the Nazis in 1938, editor in chief of Deutsches Volkstum ("German folkdom"), a nationalist and antisemitic monthly journal from Hamburg owned by the nationalist trade-union of German salesclerks (DHV). Collaboration under Nazi rule
After the great electoral success of the Nazi Party in September 1930, Stapel published a few months later a small brochure titled Sechs Kapitel über Christendum und Nationalsozialismus ("Six Chapters on Christianity and National Socialism"), and he welcomed the Nazis as an elementary and instinct-led (Volksinstinkt) movement. <mask> joined the Deutschen Christen in July 1933, to which he remained loyal even after the mass withdrawals of November 1933. He spoke vehemently against the anti-Nazi Confessing Church of Martin Niemöller and Karl Barth, this polemical dispute shaping numerous articles that appeared in the following years in Deutsches Volkstum. Stapel defended the policy of Reich Bishop Ludwig Müller and advocated for the introduction of the Aryan paragraph in the Church, claiming that the Jewish Christians should organise themselves in their own church.At the same time he was committed to the policy of Reichsminister of Church Affairs (Reichskirchenminister) Hanns Kerrl, to whom he served as an advisor. However, under pressure from the Nazi leadership in 1938, Stapel had to stop the publication of his monthly magazine Deutsches Volkstum. Later life
After 1945, Stapel despised the new German Federal Republic and, in 1949, called for a boycott of the Bundestag elections. As late as 1953, he claimed the Bundestag was only an "aid institution for the relief of the occupying powers". The same critics can be found in various articles Stapel published in the magazine Nation Europa in the early 1950s. In 1951, Stapel published the book Über das Christentum. An die Denkenden unter seinen Verächtern ("About Christianity.To the thinkers among its contemners"), dedicated to the newly elected President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Theodor Heuss, his former friend from the Der Kunstwart period. <mask> died in Hamburg on 1 June 1954 at the age of 71, largely unnoticed from the public. Nationalist and antisemitic theories
Armin Mohler considered <mask> to be one of the most influential thinkers of the Conservative Revolution. National-Protestantism
After the experience of WWI, Stapel began to develop ideas of strong leadership against the Weimar Republic's parliamentary democracy, when he argued that this regime was unsuited to turbulent times and that "free, spontaneous, dominant personalities" were needed to make quick and responsible decisions. In his essay, published in 1932 and respected at that time among German right-wing circles, Der christliche Staatsmann: Eine Theologie des Nationalismus ("The Christian Statesman: a Theology of Nationalism"), he tried to legitimise the chiliastic Imperium Teutonicum he had long been advocated for. In this sense, he stood entirely in the tradition that historian Clemens Vollnhals has called Nationalprotestantismus ("National Protestantism"). Stapel had already published a specific theology of war in another essay, Ideen von 1914 ("Ideas of 1914"), where he wrote about his faith in a special divine mission for the German people.According to historian Roger Woods, <mask>'s apparently grounded theories against the Weimar system should not obscure the fact that they were theorised as a response to the political dilemma of the Conservative Revolution and their lack of programmatic detail. Stapel was above all a supporter of an "instinctive form of election" where he focused on the personalities of the candidates and "dismissed political programmes as largely produced for propaganda purposes". Cultural antisemitism
Writing about Volk and Volkstum when he defined Germans and Jews in broad generalisations, he however refused to use Nazi concepts on race. According to Stapel, the Volk was an "irrational, non-reflective, God-given entity" that one was not able to fully understand with concepts but could only experience. Inspired by Oswald Spengler's thesis on the cultural confrontation between Jews as whom Spengler described as a Magian people versus Europeans as a Faustian people, Stapel described Jews as a landless nomadic people in pursuit of an transnational culture (e.g. "international" versions of socialism, pacifism or capitalism) whereby they can integrate into Western civilisation by transgressing national cultural boundaries. He saw the Jews as the typical expression of materialism and intellectualism that were draining Germans dry from their imagination and instinctive feelings.Although he dismissed German Christians that rejected the Old Testament or the Jewishness of Christ, Stapel participated in spreading the idea that Christian philosophy had nothing to say about racial discrimination and encouraged the Nazis in their creation of a "Positive Christianity". Nonetheless, Stapel never advocated physical maltreatment of the Jews or a full denial of their civil rights. He believed however that borders had to be drawn regarding the Jewish influence in Germany, as they should not be involved in politics, except on a case by case basis. In 1932, he listed what measures he expected to be taken by the Nazis regarding the Jewish question: "ousting unpatriotic Jewish journalists, barring Jews from the armed forces, and creating a separate educational institutions and courts for the Jews". Works

 Avenarius-Buch. Ein Bild des Mannes aus seinen Gedichten und Aufsätzen. Callwey, Munich 1916.Die Fiktionen der Weimarer Verfassung – Versuch einer Unterscheidung der formalen und der funktionalen Demokratie. Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1928. Antisemitismus und Antigermanismus – Über das seelische Problem der Symbiose des deutschen und des jüdischen Volkes. Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1928. Literatenwäsche. Mit Zeichnungen A. Paul Webers,  Widerstandsverlag Anna Niekisch, Leipzig 1929, ab 1930 Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt Hamburg. Sechs Kapitel über Christentum und Nationalsozialismus, 1931
 Der christliche Staatsmann: Eine Theologie des Nationalismus, 1932
 Preußen muß sein, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1932
 Die Kirche Christi und der Staat Hitlers, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1933
 Die literarische Vorherrschaft der Juden in Deutschland 1918 bis 1933.Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1937. (Schriften des Reichsinstituts für Geschichte des neuen Deutschlands, Bd. 7). Das Gesetz unseres Lebens, Hanseatische Verlagsanstalt, Hamburg 1939
Über das Christentum. An die Denkenden unter seinen Verächtern, 1951. References

Further reading

 Heinrich Keßler: <mask> als politischer Publizist. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des konservativen Nationalismus zwischen den beiden Weltkriegen.Erlangen 1967. Helmut Thomke: Politik und Christentum bei <mask>. Mainz 1973. Jochen Meyer: Aufstand der Landschaft gegen Berlin. <mask> und seine Zeitschrift „Deutsches Volkstum“ Hamburg 1919–1938. In: Berlin – Provinz. Literarische Kontroversen um 1930, bearb.von Jochen Meyer. In: Marbach-Magazin 35/1985, S. 6–46. Siegfried Lokatis: Antisemitismus, Volkstumsgedanke und die Organisation völkischer Gesinnungsliteratur unter besonderer Berücksichtigung <mask>, Dissertation Staatliches Prüfungsamt für Lehrämter an Schulen, Lehrerprüfungsarbeit Bochum 1985, OCLC 248042365. Ascan Gossler: Theologischer Nationalismus und völkischer Antisemitismus. <mask> und die „konservative Revolution“ in Hamburg. Hamburg 1997. ders.: Publizistik und konservative Revolution: das „Deutsche Volkstum“ als Organ des Rechtsintellektualismus 1918–1933. Lit, Münster 2001. Oliver Schmalz: Kirchenpolitik unter dem Vorzeichen der Volksnomoslehre. <mask>apel im Dritten Reich. Frankfurt 2004. Roland Kurz: Nationalprotestantisches Denken in der Weimarer Republik. Voraussetzungen und Ausprägungen des Protestantismus nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg in seiner Begegnung mit Volk und Nation.Gütersloher Verlags-Haus, Gütersloh 2007, . Oliver Schmalz: "Stapel, <mask>." In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 25 (2013). S. 56–57. Clemens Vollnhals: Theologie des Nationalismus. Der christlich-völkische Publizist <mask>el. In: Für ein artgemäßes Christentum der Tat: Völkische Theologen im »Dritten Reich«, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Aug 15 2016.Robert Steuckers. "La contribution à Il Regime Fascista de <mask>el". Vouloir, 119/121, juli-september, 1994, pp. 37–38. See also

 Conservative Revolution

1882 births
1954 deaths
20th-century German writers

masks:
Otto Friedrich Wilhelm Stapel
Wilhelm Stapel
Stapel
Stapel
Stapel
Wilhelm Stapel
Stapel
Wilhelm Stapel
Wilhelm Stapel
Wilhelm Stapel
Wilhelm Stapels
Wilhelm Stapel
Wilhelm St
Wilhelm
Wilhelm Stap
Wilhelm Stap


title: Dan W. Quinn

texts:
<mask> (November 1860 – November 7, 1938) was one of the first American singers to become popular in the new medium of recorded music. <mask> was a very successful recording artist whose career spanned from 1892 to 1918. <mask> recorded many of his hits in the legendary Tin Pan Alley of New York City. Biography
<mask><mask> was born in late 1860 in New York City to Benjamin Bernard and <mask> (née <mask>). His family moved to San Francisco when he was a child, but returned to New York in the 1870s (leading to later confusion as to his birthplace). His musical career was most likely influenced by his immediate family. His older brother by four years, John, (aged 14 at the time) was listed in a June 1870 census list as a “Drummer”.He began singing in the choir of the Church of the Heavenly Rest (Episcopal) as a child. As a young adult, he worked as an ironworker and moonlighted as a singer at local functions in the New York area. ‘Discovered’ at one of these functions in January 1892, <mask> made his first recording in New York and quickly achieved success. Limitations of technology at the time meant that not all voices were suitable to be recorded; <mask>'s voice was one that recorded well. He assisted Thomas Edison in the laboratory as Edison made modifications to the talking machine, to make it also a singing machine. Edison described him as "the man with the perfect voice." He sang for all the major record labels of his day, including Berliner, Columbia, Edison, Gramophone, Paramount and Victor.In 1898, Columbia signed him to a year-long exclusive contract, but within days of its expiration he was making a record for Berliner. Over his career, <mask> recorded many popular songs and cut an estimated 2,500 titles. He sang "Molly and I and the Baby" more than a thousand times in about two weeks, using the pre-electrical acoustical-recording technology of the early 1890s: the singer sang into the large end of a horn, which physically stimulated the stylus on the rotating cylinder. The companies had limited duplication capability, so if they wanted a hundred copies, the singer had to perform the song many times, a process called recording ‘in the round’ because of the placement of the recording machines in a semi-circle around the performer(s). For one take, Edison obtained an orchestra to accompany <mask> and kept that copy in his laboratory. At age 22 <mask> married 15-year-old Mary Jane Ritchie, known to the family as Jennie. They had six children: <mask>, Ritchie, Arthur (who died in infancy), Mary, known as Lidie (later Hunsberger), Jane (Manderson), and Frank.They lived in a reconstructed mansion on West 20th Street, near 10th Avenue, until about 1898, when they moved to 442 West 24th Street, in a row of two-story houses known as Chelsea cottages. Later, in response to Jennie's inability to use stairs due to worsening rheumatism, they moved to a flat at 312 West 20th Street. <mask> retired from recording in 1906 but continued to work in vaudeville, clubs, concerts, and occasionally comic opera. He briefly returned to recording from 1915 to 1918, but went back into retirement soon after. Although retired from singing, he worked extensively booking concerts and shows, including two large ones held the week he died. <mask> died of intestinal cancer at the West 20th Street apartment in New York on November 7, 1938 at age 79. Selected recordings
The following is a partial list of <mask><mask>'s recordings:
"Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow-wow" – North American Phonograph Co., 1892
"The Bowery" – North American Phonograph Co., 1892
"Daisy Bell" – North American Phonograph Co., 1893
"And Her Golden Hair was Hanging Down Her Back" – Berliner, 1894
"My Pearl is a Bowery Girl" – Berliner, 1894
"Girl Wanted" – Berliner, 1895
Henrietta, Have You Met Her?"(Duet with Helen Trix) – Victor, 1906
"Hello Boys I'm Back Again" – Columbia, 1915
"At the Fountain of Youth" – Columbia, 1916
"Here Comes the Groom" – Operaphone Records, 1917
"Life is a Merry Go Round" – Paramount, 1918
"Round Her Neck She Wears a Yellow Ribbon" – Paramount, 1918

Note

References

External links
 <mask><mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. <mask><mask> cylinder recordings, from the UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. <mask>'s recording of "I Want to Go to Morrow" at the Library of Congress National Jukebox

 "Songwriters Friends: <mask>" at the Songwriters Hall of Fame website. Biography and audio clip of recording made c. 1896. <mask><mask>, Anthology: The King of Comic Singers, 1894–1917 at Archeophone Records

1859 births
1938 deaths
Columbia Records artists
Edison Records artists
Paramount Records artists
Pioneer recording artists
Victor Records artists

masks:
Daniel William Quinn
Quinn
Quinn
Dan W
. Quinn
Sabina Leonora Quinn
Wilds
Quinn
Quinn
Quinn
Quinn
Quinn
Dan Jr
Quinn
Dan Quinn
Dan W
. Quinn
Dan W
. Quinn
Dan W
. Quinn
Quinn
Dan Quinn
Dan W
. Quinn