title: Bernard Baruch

texts:
<mask> (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman. According to historian Thomas A. Krueger:
For half a century <mask> was one of the country's richest and most powerful men. A great speculator, public official, presidential counselor, political benefactor, and indefatigable almoner, his public life provides a clear view of the inner workings of the American political system. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board. He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference. He made another fortune in the postwar bull market, but foresaw the Wall Street crash and sold out well in advance. In World War II, he became a close advisor to President Roosevelt on the role of industry in war supply, and he was credited with greatly shortening the production time for tanks and aircraft.Later he helped to develop rehabilitation programs for injured servicemen. In 1946 he was the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC), though his Baruch Plan for international control of atomic energy was rejected by the Soviet Union. Early life and education
<mask> was born to a Jewish family on August 19, 1870, in Camden, South Carolina. His parents were Belle (née Wolfe) and <mask>, a physician. He was the second of four sons, including brothers Herman B<mask>, Sailing Wolfe <mask>, and Hartwig <mask>. In 1881 the family moved from Camden to New York City, where <mask> and his brothers attended local schools. He studied at and graduated from the City College of New York.<mask> married Annie Griffin, an Episcopalian, of New York. They had three children: <mask>; <mask> Jr.; and Renée <mask>. <mask> became a broker and then a partner in A.A. Housman & Company. With his earnings and commissions, he bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $19,000 ($552,960 in 2016 dollars). There he amassed a fortune before the age of 30 by profiting from speculation in the sugar market; at that time plantations were booming in Hawaii. <mask> founded the Intercontinental Rubber Company of New York, which dominated the guayule rubber market in the U.S. with holdings in Mexico. His partners in the enterprise were Senator Nelson Aldrich, Daniel Guggenheim, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., George Foster Peabody and others.By 1903 <mask> had his own brokerage firm and gained the reputation of "The Lone Wolf of Wall Street" because of his refusal to join any financial house. By 1910, he had become one of Wall Street's best-known financiers. In 1925 <mask> endowed the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) Mrs. Simon Baruch University Award in memory of his mother, to support scholars who have written unpublished monographs for full-length books on Confederate history. His mother had been an early member of the organization and supported its activities. <mask> made millions in the US bull market in stocks since 1924. However, he started anticipating a Wall Street crash as early as 1927 and sold stocks short periodically in 1927 and 1928. On September 25, 1929, after the 1929 post Labor Day peak of the Dow, <mask> refused to join a bull pool of financiers to support the declining market.He also advised humorist Will Rogers to exit the market before the crash. "I did what you told me," Rogers told <mask> when the two met after the Black Tuesday crash of October 29, 1929, "and you saved my life". Presidential adviser: First World War
In 1916, <mask> left Wall Street to advise President Woodrow Wilson on national defense and terms of peace. He served on the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense and, in January 1918, became the chairman of the new War Industries Board. With his leadership, this body successfully managed the US's economic mobilization during World War I. In 1919, Wilson asked <mask> to serve as a staff member at the Paris Peace Conference. <mask> did not approve of the reparations France and Britain demanded of Germany, and supported Wilson's view that there needed to be new forms of cooperation, as well as the creation of the League of Nations.For his services in support of the war effort, <mask> was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal with the following citation: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Mr. <mask><mask>, a United States Civilian, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I, in the organization and administration of the War Industries Board and in the coordination of allied purchases in the United States. By establishing a broad and comprehensive policy for the supervision and control of the raw materials, manufacturing facilities, and distribution of the products of industry, he stimulated the production of war supplies, coordinated the needs of the military service and the civilian population, and contributed alike to the completeness and speed of the mobilization and equipment of the military forces and the continuity of their supply. War Department, General Orders No. 15 (1921)

Interwar

In the 1920s and 1930s, <mask> expressed his concern that the United States needed to be prepared for the possibility of another world war. He wanted a more powerful version of the War Industries Board, which he saw as the only way to ensure maximum coordination between civilian business and military needs. <mask> remained a prominent government adviser during this time, and supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic and foreign policy initiatives after his election. <mask> was also a major contributor to Eleanor Roosevelt's controversial initiative to build a resettlement community for unemployed mining families in Arthurdale, West Virginia.This relationship did not stop the Nye Committee from investigating <mask>'s role in war profiteering. In 1940, responding to pleas to help Harry Truman's shoestring bid for reelection to the U.S. Senate, <mask> provided crucial funding. Presidential adviser: Second World War

When the United States entered World War II, President Roosevelt appointed <mask> a special adviser to the director of the Office of War Mobilization. His offices at this time were at 120 Broadway. He supported what was known as a "work or fight" bill. <mask> advocated the creation of a permanent superagency similar to his old Industries Board. His theory enhanced the role of civilian businessmen and industrialists in determining what was needed and who would produce it.<mask>'s ideas were largely adopted, with James Byrnes appointed to carry them out. It is estimated that these policies cut two years off the time taken to produce tanks, bombers, etc. and caught Hitler totally by surprise. During World War II <mask> remained a trusted adviser and confidant of President Roosevelt, who in 1944 spent a month as a guest at <mask>'s South Carolina estate, Hobcaw Barony. In February 1943, Roosevelt invited <mask> to replace the widely criticized War Production Board head Donald M. Nelson. <mask> had long coveted the job, and responded that he only needed to ask his doctor if he was healthy enough for the post. During the delay, however, presidential advisor Harry Hopkins persuaded Roosevelt that firing Nelson at the army's demands would make him look weak, and when Roosevelt and <mask> met at the White House, Roosevelt declined to discuss the job offer further.In 1944, <mask> commissioned a committee of physicians which developed recommendations for the formal establishment of the medical specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and provided over a million dollars of funding to many medical schools to further this cause. <mask>'s father, <mask>, had been a surgeon and was the first teacher of physical medicine at Columbia. In the same year, <mask> and Dr. Howard Rusk, an Air Force physician, advised President Roosevelt to expand rehabilitation programs for injured soldiers within all the armed forces. After the war, these programs were adopted by the Veterans' Administration. In 1946 President Harry S. Truman appointed <mask> as the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC). On Friday, June 14, 1946, <mask>on–Lilienthal plan, to the UNAEC, which proposed international control of then-new atomic energy. The Soviet Union rejected <mask>'s proposal as unfair given the fact that the U.S. already had nuclear weapons; it proposed that the U.S. eliminate its nuclear weapons before a system of controls and inspections was implemented.A stalemate ensued. <mask> resigned from the commission in 1947. His influence began to diminish, as he grew further out of step with the views of the Truman administration. Park bench statesman
<mask> was well-known, and often walked or sat in Washington, D.C's Lafayette Park and in New York City's Central Park. It was not uncommon for him to discuss government affairs with other people while sitting on a park bench. This became his most famous characteristic. and was also referenced in parody in the 1949 Bugs Bunny animated short, Rebel Rabbit.Winston Churchill and <mask> were personal friends, and Churchill sometimes stayed in <mask>'s New York home when visiting the United States. In 1960, on his ninetieth birthday, a commemorative park bench in Lafayette Park across from the White House was dedicated to <mask> by the Boy Scouts. A life-size bronze of <mask> sitting on a park bench is in the Lobby at Baruch College's Vertical Campus at 1 Bernard Baruch Way in NYC. Both <mask> and Adlai Stevenson chose to donate their personal papers to Princeton University not only out of their mutual admiration for Woodrow Wilson, but also their mutual friend, Dean Mathey. He continued to advise on international affairs until his death on June 20, 1965, in New York City, at the age of 94. His funeral at Temple Shaaray Tefila, the family synagogue, was attended by 700 people. His grave is at Flushing Cemetery, Flushing, Queens, New York City.Thoroughbred racing
<mask> owned a string of Thoroughbred racehorses and raced under the name "Kershaw Stable". In 1927 his horse, Happy Argo, won the Carter Handicap. Legacy and honors
 Baruch College of the City University of New York was named for him. The Saratoga Race Course named the Bernard Baruch Handicap in his honor. He was referenced in an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show (Season 2, Episode 28 "Divorce"), Leave It To Beaver, The Patti Duke Show, Make Room for Daddy as well as in The Burns and Allen Show and the 1959 Art Buchwald book, A Gift From the Boys. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1933 by Oglethorpe University. His daughter <mask>, and avid sportsperson, never married.His son <mask> Jr. married Winifred Beatrice Mann, but the marriage ended in a divorce. They did not have any children. His daughter Renee married Henry Robert Samstag. They did not have any children. Purchase of Hobcaw Barony

Between 1905 and 1907, <mask> systematically purchased a total of approximately 16,000 acres (63 square kilometers) of the former 18th century Hobcaw Barony, consolidating 14 plantations located on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, in Georgetown County, South Carolina. <mask> subsequently developed sections of the property as a winter hunting resort. He later sold the property to his eldest child, Belle W<mask>.Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to The Belle W. Baruch Foundation as the Hobcaw Barony educational and research preserve. The property also includes 37 historic buildings representing the 18th and 19th century rice cultivation industry, and early-to-mid 20th century winter resorts. The entire property was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994. The Trustees of The Belle W. Baruch Foundation subsequently selected the University of South Carolina and Clemson University as educational institutions with a mandate to preserve and study the Hobcaw Barony, including the wetlands forest and coastal ecosystems. The University of South Carolina established the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, and Clemson University established the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences. Both universities have also formed partnerships with other schools in South Carolina that carry out research and educational programs which contribute to knowledge of coastal ecosystems. The Belle W. Baruch Foundation and the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve jointly operate the Hobcaw Barony Discovery Center and provide tours and special programs.Screen portrayals
Francis X. Bushman portrayed <mask> in Wilson (1944)

Larry Gates portrayed <mask> in Funny Lady (1975)

Sam Wanamaker portrayed <mask> in Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (1981)

See also
 Continental, Arizona

Notes

References

Primary sources
 <mask><mask>. Baruch: My Own Story (1957). . Two volumes. <mask><mask>. The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sections of the Treaty 1920. <mask><mask>. American Industry in War: A Report of the War Industries Board (March 1921). ed.by Richard H. Hippelheuser; 1941. Scholarly secondary sources

 Cuff, Robert D. "<mask>: Symbol and myth in industrial mobilization." Business History Review (1969): 115-133. online
 Gerber, Larry G. "The Baruch Plan and the origins of the Cold War." Diplomatic History 6.1 (1982): 69-96. Eisenhower worked closely with <mask> in 1930.

 ; online review

 Нехамкин Эрнст.БЕРНАРД БАРУХ. Их помнит Нью-Йорк
 Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz.kniha (book), 219 pages, vydalo nakladatelství (publisher) Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karvina, Czech Republic) (in cooperation with Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019,

External links

 Bernard M. <mask> Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
 <mask> writings and speeches, 1919–1958, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
 <mask> Portrait
 <mask> – Jewish Virtual Library
 Annotated bibliography for <mask> from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
 Brown, Gates: <mask>, <mask>, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. FBI file on <mask> at the Internet Archive
 FBI files on <mask> at vault.fbi.gov

1870 births
1965 deaths
American financiers
American investors
American people of German-Jewish descent
Jewish American philanthropists
American political consultants
American racehorse owners and breeders
American stockbrokers
American stock traders
Baruch College
Burials at Flushing Cemetery
Businesspeople from South Carolina
City College of New York alumni
Jewish American government officials
People from Camden, South Carolina
United States presidential advisors
U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
People of the Cold War
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)

Council of National Defense

masks:
Bernard Mannes Baruch
Bernard Baruch
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Simon Baruch
. Baruch
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Nathaniel Baruch
Bernard
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Belle Baruch
Bernard Baruch
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Bernard Baruch
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Bernard Baruch


title: Jason Chambers

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born March 23, 1980, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor, mixed martial artist and sports commentator. <mask> is best known for his role as the host of the popular weekly television program Human Weapon on The History Channel. He has appeared in multiple television programs including CSI, Days of Our Lives, As the World Turns and The Middleman. <mask> was featured on Extra as one of "America's Most Eligible" bachelors. <mask> is actively involved with  City of Hope National Medical Center, a Cancer Research institute which he was recently appointed to the Board of Directors. Early life
<mask>, of Greek, French and Irish descent, was born on March 23, 1980 in Chicago, Illinois, to <mask>, a homemaker, and George West, who worked for Roadway Services. <mask> resided in Tinley Park, Illinois until the age of 12, then moved to Chicago where he resided until he was 16.At 21, <mask> moved to New York City to study acting. In 2006 he moved to Los Angeles, California. <mask> resides in Miami, Florida. Career

Commentary
<mask> provided color commentary alongside Jon Anik for Bellator Fighting Championships English broadcast in their inaugural season on ESPN. He was then signed by ONE Championship as their lead color commentator. <mask> was called "The Best Color Commentator, Not in the UFC" by Cage Potato

Although <mask> has previously sat in the color commentator seat for MMA events, he was also hired directly by The Ultimate Fighting Championship to handle Play-by-play duties for alongside Dominick Cruz and Michael Bisping for the FIGHT PASS Stream of Shooto brazil. Acting
<mask> began studying acting in 2000 at Act One Studios in Chicago and later improv at The Second City Training Center.In 2003, he moved to New York to continue his studies. There he appeared in television series Guiding Light, All My Children, Can You Tell? and As the World Turns. In 2006 he moved to Los Angeles where he has been cast as Spencer on Days of Our Lives and the street racing badboy Mercury on CSI: NY. In 2008 he was cast in the recurring role of Anvil in The Middleman on ABC Family, but he appeared in only one episode before the show was canceled after its first season. Hosting
<mask> was the host of the hit series Human Weapon on The History Channel with co-host Bill Duff from July 20, 2007, to August 28, 2008. <mask> has also been a host for NBC's YourLaTv, a show featuring things to do and see in and around Los Angeles.He is a regular co-host/contributor for the "MMA Chokehold" segment of Attack of the Show! where he, Blair Butler and Kevin Pereira discuss upcoming MMA events. Podcasting
The Jason Chambers Podcast (TJCP) was launched on Youtube, Spotify and iTunes September 1, 2021. It has been, tongue in cheek, hailed as "...the next best thing to the Joe Rogan Experience" . Twice a week <mask> chats with interesting guest from all walks of life, including Award Winning Author Ben Mezrich, MMA Hall of Famer Matt Serra, BJJ Standout Garry Tonon and Cryptocurrency experts like Charlie Shrem and comedians Bryan Callen  and Russel Peters. TJCP is one of Spotify's fastest growing News & Entertainment Podcast in the USA . Other media
In 2010 he began writing for FIGHT!Magazine. He was also featured as a contestant on the television show "Fear Factor" in 2004. Martial arts
<mask> is a Jeet Kune Do concepts instructor and has a brown belt in 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu under Eddie Bravo and a black belt under Renzo Gracie. During his time in Israel he learned Krav Maga.

masks:
Jason Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason Chambers
Dale Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason
Chambers


title: Gustav Fechner

texts:
<mask> (; ; 19 April 1801 – 18 November 1887) was a German experimental psychologist,
philosopher, and physicist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics, he inspired many 20th-century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus via the formula: , which became known as the Weber–Fechner law. Early life and scientific career
<mask> was born at Groß Särchen, near Muskau, in Lower Lusatia, where his father was a pastor. Despite being raised by his religious father, Fechner became an atheist in later life. He was educated first at Sorau (now Żary in Western Poland). In 1817 he studied medicine at the  in Dresden and from 1818 at the University of Leipzig, the city in which he spent the rest of his life.He earned his PhD from Leipzig in 1835. In 1834 he was appointed professor of physics at Leipzig. But in 1839, he injured his eyes in the research on afterimages by gazing at the sun through colored glasses, while studying the phenomena of color and vision, and, after much suffering, resigned. Subsequently, recovering, he turned to the study of the mind and its relations with the body, giving public lectures on the subjects dealt with in his books. Whilst lying in bed, Fechner had an insight into the relationship between mental sensations and material sensations. This insight proved to be significant in the development of psychology as there was now a quantitative relationship between the mental and physical worlds. Contributions

<mask> published chemical and physical papers, and translated chemical works by Jean-Baptiste Biot and Louis Jacques Thénard from French.He also wrote several poems and humorous pieces, such as the Vergleichende Anatomie der Engel (1825), written under the pseudonym of "Dr. Mises." Elemente der Psychophysik

Fechner's epoch-making work was his Elemente der Psychophysik (1860). He started from the monistic thought that bodily facts and conscious facts, though not reducible one to the other, are different sides of one reality. His originality lies in trying to discover an exact mathematical relation between them. The most famous outcome of his inquiries is the law known as <mask>'s Law, which may be expressed as follows:

"In order that the intensity of a sensation may increase in arithmetical progression, the stimulus must increase in geometrical progression." The law has been found to be immensely useful, but to fail for very faint and for very strong sensations.Within its useful range, <mask>'s law is that sensation is a logarithmic function of physical intensity. S. S. Stevens pointed out that such a law does not account for the fact that perceived relationships among stimuli (e.g., papers coloured black, dark grey, grey, light grey, and white) are unchanged with changes in overall intensity (i.e., in the level of illumination of the papers). He proposed, in his famous 1961 paper entitled "To Honor Fechner and Repeal His Law", that intensity of stimulation is related to perception via a power-law. <mask>'s general formula for getting at the number of units in any sensation is S = c log R, where S stands for the sensation, R for the stimulus numerically estimated, and c for a constant that must be separately determined by experiment in each particular order of sensibility. <mask>'s reasoning has been criticized on the grounds that although stimuli are composite, sensations are not. "Every sensation," says William James, "presents itself as an indivisible unit; and it is quite impossible to read any clear meaning into the notion that they are masses of units combined." The Fechner color effect

In 1838, he also studied the still-mysterious perceptual illusion of what is still called the Fechner color effect, whereby colors are seen in a moving pattern of black and white.The English journalist and amateur scientist Charles Benham, in 1894, enabled English-speakers to learn of the effect through the invention of the spinning top that bears his name, Benham's top. Whether <mask> and Benham ever actually met face to face for any reason is not known. The median
In 1878, <mask> published a paper in which he developed the notion of the median. He later delved into experimental aesthetics and thought to determine the shapes and dimensions of aesthetically pleasing objects. He mainly used the sizes of paintings as his data base. In his 1876 Vorschule der Aesthetik, he used the method of extreme ranks for subjective judgements. <mask> is generally credited with introducing the median into the formal analysis of data.Synesthesia
In 1871, <mask> reported the first empirical survey of coloured letter photisms among 73 synesthetes. His work was followed in the 1880s by that of Francis Galton. Corpus callosum split
One of Fechner's speculations about consciousness dealt with brain. During his time, it was known that the brain is bilaterally symmetrical and that there is a deep division between the two halves that are linked by a connecting band of fibers called the corpus callosum. Fechner speculated that if the corpus callosum were split, two separate streams of consciousness would result - the mind would become two. Yet, <mask> believed that his theory would never be tested; he was incorrect. During the mid-twentieth century, Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga worked on epileptic patients with sectioned corpus callosum and observed that Fechner's idea was correct.Golden section hypothesis
Fechner constructed ten rectangles with different ratios of width to length and asked numerous observers to choose the "best" and "worst" rectangle shape. He was concerned with the visual appeal of rectangles with different proportions. Participants were explicitly instructed to disregard any associations that they have with the rectangles, e.g. with objects of similar ratios. The rectangles chosen as "best" by the largest number of participants and as "worst" by the fewest participants had a ratio of 0.62 (21:34). This ratio is known as the "golden section" (or golden ratio) and referred to the ratio of a rectangle's width to length that is most appealing to the eye. Carl Stumpf was a participant in this study.However, there has been some ongoing dispute on the experiment itself, as the fact that Fechner deliberately discarded results of the study ill-fitting to his needs became known, with many mathematicians, including Mario Livio, refuting the result of the experiment. The two-piece normal distribution
In his posthumously published Kollektivmasslehre (1897), <mask> introduced the Zweiseitige Gauss'sche Gesetz or two-piece normal distribution, to accommodate the asymmetries he had observed in empirical frequency distributions in many fields. The distribution has been independently rediscovered by several authors working in different fields. <mask>'s paradox

In 1861, Fechner reported that if he looked at a light with a darkened piece of glass over one eye then closed that eye, the light appeared to become brighter, even though less light was coming into his eyes. This phenomenon has come to be called <mask>'s paradox. It has been the subject of numerous research papers, including in the 2000s. It occurs because the perceived brightness of the light with both eyes open is similar to the average brightness of each light viewed with one eye.Influence

<mask>, along with Wilhelm Wundt and Hermann von Helmholtz, is recognized as one of the founders of modern experimental psychology. His clearest contribution was the demonstration that because the mind was susceptible to measurement and mathematical treatment, psychology had the potential to become a quantified science. Theorists such as Immanuel Kant had long stated that this was impossible, and that therefore, a science of psychology was also impossible. Though he had a vast influence on psychophysics, the actual disciples of his general philosophy were few. Ernst Mach was inspired by his work on psychophysics. William James also admired his work: in 1904, he wrote an admiring introduction to the English translation of <mask>'s Büchlein vom Leben nach dem Tode (Little Book of Life After Death). Furthermore, he influenced Sigmund Freud, who refers to Fechner when introducing the concept of psychic locality in his The Interpretation of Dreams that he illustrates with the microscope-metaphor.<mask>'s world concept was highly animistic. He felt the thrill of life everywhere, in plants, earth, stars, the total universe. Man stands midway between the souls of plants and the souls of stars, who are angels. God, the soul of the universe, must be conceived as having an existence analogous to men. Natural laws are just the modes of the unfolding of God's perfection. In his last work <mask>, aged but full of hope, contrasts this joyous "daylight view" of the world with the dead, dreary "night view" of materialism. <mask>'s work in aesthetics is also important.He conducted experiments to show that certain abstract forms and proportions are naturally pleasing to our senses, and gave some new illustrations of the working of aesthetic association. Charles Hartshorne saw him as a predecessor on his and Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy and regretted that Fechner's philosophical work had been neglected for so long. Fechner's position in reference to predecessors and contemporaries is not very sharply defined. He was remotely a disciple of Schelling, learnt much from Baruch Spinoza, G. W. Leibniz, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Christian Hermann Weisse, and decidedly rejected G. W. F. Hegel and the monadism of Rudolf Hermann Lotze. Fechner's work continues to have an influence on modern science, inspiring continued exploration of human perceptual abilities by researchers such as Jan Koenderink, Farley Norman, David Heeger, and others. Honours

Fechner Crater

In 1970, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on the far side of the moon after Fechner. Fechner Day
In 1985 the International Society for Psychophysics called its annual conference Fechner Day.The conference is now scheduled to include 22 October to allow psychophysicists to celebrate the anniversary of Fechner's waking up on that day in 1850 with a new approach into how to study the mind. Fechner Day runs annually with the 2021 Fechner Day being the 37th. It is organized annually, by a different academic host each year. During the pandemic resulting from COVID-19, Fechner Day was held online in 2020 and 2021. Family and later life
Little is known of Fechner's later years, nor of the circumstances, cause, and manner of his death. <mask> was the brother of painter Eduard Clemens <mask> and of Clementine Wieck <mask>, who was the stepmother of Clara Wieck when Clementine became her father Friedrich Wieck's second wife. Works

 Praemissae ad theoriam organismi generalem ("Advances in the general theory of organisms") (1823).(Dr. Mises) Stapelia mixta (1824). Internet Archive (Harvard)
 Resultate der bis jetzt unternommenen Pflanzenanalysen ("Results of plant analyses undertaken to date")  (1829). Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Maassbestimmungen über die galvanische Kette (1831). (Dr. Mises) Schutzmittel für die Cholera ("Protective equipment for cholera") (1832). Google (Harvard) — Google (UWisc)
 Repertorium der Experimentalphysik (1832). 3 volumes. Volume 1.Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
Volume 2. Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
Volume 3. Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
 (ed.) Das Hauslexicon. Vollständiges Handbuch praktischer Lebenskenntnisse für alle Stände (1834–38). 8 volumes. Das Büchlein vom Leben nach dem Tode (1836).6th ed., 1906. Internet Archive (Harvard) — Internet Archive (NYPL)
  On Life After Death (1882). Google (Oxford) — IA (UToronto) 2nd ed., 1906. Internet Archive (UMich) 3rd ed., 1914. IA (UIllinois)
  The Little Book of Life After Death (1904). IA (UToronto) 1905, Internet Archive (UCal) — IA (Ucal) — IA (UToronto)
 (Dr. Mises) Gedichte (1841). Internet Archive (Oxford)
 Ueber das höchste Gut ("Concerning the Highest Good") (1846).Internet Archive (Stanford)
 (Dr. Mises) Nanna oder über das Seelenleben der Pflanzen (1848). 2nd ed., 1899. 3rd ed., 1903. Internet Archive (UMich) 4th ed., 1908. Internet Archive (Harvard)
 Zend-Avesta oder über die Dinge des Himmels und des Jenseits (1851). 3 volumes. 3rd ed., 1906.Google (Harvard)
 Ueber die physikalische und philosophische Atomenlehre (1855). 2nd ed., 1864. Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Professor Schleiden und der Mond (1856). Google (UMich)
 Elemente der Psychophysik (1860). 2 volumes. Volume 1. Google (ULausanne) Volume 2.Internet Archive (NYPL)
 Ueber die Seelenfrage  ("Concerning the Soul") (1861). Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (UCal) — Internet Archive (UMich) 2nd ed., 1907. Google (Harvard)
 Die drei Motive und Gründe des Glaubens ("The three motives and reasons of faith") (1863). Google (Harvard) — Internet Archive (NYPL)
 Einige Ideen zur Schöpfungs- und Entwickelungsgeschichte der Organismen (1873). Internet Archive (UMich)
 (Dr. Mises) Kleine Schriften (1875). Internet Archive (UMich)
 Erinnerungen an die letzen Tage der Odlehre und ihres Urhebers (1876). Google (Harvard)
 Vorschule der Aesthetik (1876).2 Volumes. Internet Archive (Harvard)
 In Sachen der Psychophysik (1877). Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Die Tagesansicht gegenüber der Nachtansicht (1879). Google (Oxford) 2nd ed., 1904. Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Revision der Hauptpuncte der Psychophysik (1882). Internet Archive (Harvard)
Kollektivmasslehre (1897). Internet Archive (NYPL)

References

Further reading

 Heidelberger, M. (2001), "<mask> Fechner" in Statisticians of the Centuries (ed.C. C. Heyde and E. Seneta) pp. 142–147. New York: Springer Verlag, 2001. Heidelberger, M. (2004), Nature From Within: <mask> <mask> and his Psychophysical Worldview (trans. Cynthia Klohr),  Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. Robinson, David K. (2010), "<mask>ner: 150 years of Elemente der Psychophysik", in History of Psychology, Vol 13(4), Nov 2010, pp. 409–410.APA PsycNet
 Stigler, Stephen M. (1986), The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 242–254. External links

 William James on Fechner
 Works of <mask> <mask> at Projekt Gutenberg-DE. (German)
 Excerpt from Elements of Psychophysics from the Classics in the History of Psychology website. Robert H. Wozniak's Introduction to Elemente der Psychophysik. Biography, bibliography and digitized sources in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
 Granville Stanley 1912 'Founders of modern psychology'' p. 125ff archive.org
 <mask> Fechner 1904 The Little Book of Life after Death Foreword by William James
 <mask> Fechner 1908 The Living Word
 Gustav Theodor Fechner at statprob.com

1801 births
1887 deaths
People from Żary County
German atheists
German Christians
German statisticians
German psychologists
Experimental psychologists
People from the Province of Silesia
Leipzig University alumni
Leipzig University faculty
People educated at the Kreuzschule
19th-century German mathematicians
Panpsychism
Plant cognition

masks:
Gustav Theodor Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
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Fechner
Gustav Theodor
Gustav Theodor
Fechner
Gustav Fech
Gustav Theodor
Fechner
Gustav Theodor
Gustav Theodor


title: Takiji Kobayashi

texts:
was a Japanese author of proletarian literature. He is best known for his short novel Kanikōsen, or Crab Cannery Ship, published in 1929. It tells the story of the hard life of cannery workers, fishermen and seamen on board a cannery ship and the beginning of their revolt against the company and its managers. The young writer died due to violent torture after arrest by the Tokkō police two years later, at the age of 29. Biography
<mask> was born in Odate, Akita, Japan. At the age of four, his family moved to Otaru, Hokkaido. The family was not wealthy, but <mask>'s uncle paid his schooling expenses and he was able to attend Hokkaido Otaru Commercial High School and Otaru Commercial School of Higher Learning, which is the current Otaru University of Commerce.While studying, he became interested in writing, and submitted essays to literary magazines, served in the editorial committee for his school's alumni association magazine, and also had his own writing published. One of his teachers at school was economist, critic, and poet Nobuyuki Okuma. Around this time, due to financial hardship and the current economic recession of the time, he joined the labour movement. After graduating from school, he worked in the Otaru branch of the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank. In the 1928 general election, <mask> helped with election candidate Kenzo Yamamoto's campaign, and went to Yamamoto's campaign speech in a village at the base of Mount Yōtei. This experience was later incorporated into his book . In the same year, his story March 15, 1928 (based on the March 15 incident) was published in the literary magazine Senki ("Standard of Battle" in Japanese).The story depicted torture by the Tokkō special higher police, which in turn infuriated government officials. In 1929, <mask>'s novel Kanikōsen about a crab-fishing and canning ship's crew determined to stand up to a cruel manager under harsh conditions was published in Senki. It quickly gained attention and notoriety, and became a standard-bearer of Marxist proletarian literature. In July of that year, it was adapted into a theatrical performance and was performed at the Imperial Garden Theater under the title . The full text of Kanikōsen, now the length of a short novel, was not available in Japan until 1948. Kanikōsen was subsequently published three times translated into English as The Cannery Boat (1933), The Factory Ship (1973), and The Crab Cannery Ship (2013), as well as in other languages. Also in 1929, <mask> published The Absentee Landlord, after having worked on several versions.This book describes the hard life of local or immigrant tenant farmers on the northern island of Hokkaido, and their struggle with the way they are treated by rich landowners, as Japan was making efforts to strengthen its colonization of this island and to develop its agriculture and industry. The story is located in the unnamed village of 'S. ', close to the town of Asahikawa, along the Ishikari River valley, about 80 miles North East of Otaru where <mask> was living. The police (in particular the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu or Tokkō) marked <mask> for surveillance, and in the same year the publication of his new book  in the Chūōkōron magazine became grounds for his dismissal from his job at the bank. In the spring of 1930, <mask> moved to Tokyo and became the secretary general of the Proletarian Writer's Guild of Japan. On May 23 he was arrested on suspicion of giving financial support to the Japanese Communist Party, and was temporarily released on June 7. After returning to Tokyo on June 24, he was again arrested and in July, due to Kanikōsen he was further indicted on charges of Lèse majesté.In August, he was prosecuted under the Public Order and Police Law of 1900 and was imprisoned in Toyotama Penitentiary. On January 22, 1931, he was released on bail. He then secluded himself at the Nanasawa Hot Spring in Kanagawa Prefecture. In October 1931, <mask> officially became a member of the outlawed Japan Communist Party. In November, he visited the house of Naoya Shiga in Nara Prefecture, and in the spring of 1932, he went underground. On February 20, 1933, <mask> went to a meeting spot in Akasaka to meet with a fellow Communist Party member, who turned out to be a Tokkō spy who had infiltrated the party. The Tokkō were lying in wait for him, and although he tried to escape, he was captured and arrested.<mask> was taken to Tsukiji Police Station, where he was tortured. Police authorities announced the following day that <mask> had died of a heart attack. No hospital would perform an autopsy for fear of the Tokkō. Legacy

2008 bestseller
In 2008, Kanikōsen became a surprise bestseller thanks to an advertising campaign linking the novel to the working poor. Translations
<mask>'s principal works have been translated into numerous languages, including Russian, Chinese, English, Korean, Spanish, Basque, Italian, Portuguese, German, French, Polish, and Norwegian. In 1933, The Cannery Boat and other Japanese short stories was published by the International Publishers in New York. The anonymous translator was William Maxwell "Max" Bickerton.Because of censorship, the translation of the title text (Kanikōsen) is incomplete, comprising slightly more than half of the original. The full text of the novel did not become available in Japan until 1948. In 1973, an English translation of <mask>'s two novels by Frank Motofuji under the titles The Factory Ship (Kanikōsen) and The Absentee Landlord (Fuzai jinushi) was published by the University of Tokyo Press under sponsorship from UNESCO. In 2013, The Crab Cannery Ship and Other Novels of Struggle was published by the University of Hawaii Press. In addition to a new translation of the title text (Kanikōsen), the book includes Yasuko and Life of a Party Member (Tōseikatsusha). The introduction is by Yōichi Komori, professor of Japanese literature at Tokyo University. The translator was Željko Cipriš.In 2013, "Kani Kosen: Sebuah Revolusi" was published by the Jalasutra Publisher, Indonesia as an Indonesia version of Takijis work, Kani Kosen. The Crab Cannery Ship ('Le bateau-usine') and The Absentee Landlord (Le propriétaire absent) were published in French in 2010 and 2017 respectively. Takiji Sai
The Otaru Takiji-sai Jikko Iinkai is a coterie of <mask> <mask>'s admirers. They organized an 80th anniversary commemorating <mask>'s death in Hokkaido. Amongst those who attended the 80th anniversary was Norma Field. Katsuo Terai serves as chairman of the Takiji-sai. The larger Takiji Sai tend to be in locales that were important to Takiji's life like Otaru, Akita, and the Greater Tokyo Suginami-Nakano-Shibuya Memorials.Takiji Sai are evening events, and feature a musical program as well as talks on <mask>'s life and works. Suite Slaughter
Suite Slaughter (Kumikyoku Gyakusatsu) is a musical written by Inoue Hisashi, and depicts <mask> from the time he was picked up for questioning in Osaka in May 1930 till his death three years later. The play opened on 3 October 2009 at the Galaxy Theater (Ginga Gekijō) at Tennozu Isle in  Tokyo. After “Suite Slaughter” closes at the Galaxy Theater on Oct. 25, it plans to travel to the Hyogo Performing Arts Center in Nishinomiya, and the Kawanishicho Friendly Plaza in Yamagata. According to The Japan Times, “Suite Slaughter” premiered successfully in its premiere in October 2009 and picked up several prestigious awards. Takiji Library
A Takiji Library was established by Sano Chikara, a businessman who graduated from <mask>'s alma mater, Otaru University of Commerce. The Takiji Library became a centralized source of information.It sponsored the publication of ten books, including a manga version of "The Cannery Ship". The Takiji Library, together with Otaru University, co-sponsored a series of international symposia. The Takiji Library, and the Otaru University for Commerce, co-sponsored an essay contest on "The Cannery Ship". Strike the Hour, Takiji
Strike the Hour, Takiji is a documentary film on <mask>'s life. It was released in 2005. Otaru Literary Museum
The Otaru Literary Museum features several Japanese writers, including <mask> <mask>. <mask>'s bronze death mask is located in the Otaru Literary Museum.Tamagawa Kaoru, the curator of the museum, states that the museum has had a bump in attendance from the “Kani kosen boom”. Tourism
The "Kani kosen boom" has brought a tangible excitement to Otaru city, a city that boasts <mask> <mask>'s grave and has a compelling claim to be his hometown. There are books that describe Takiji “literary walks” for fans to retrace places of significance to <mask> <mask>. As a result of the “Kani kosen boom”, there is also a Japan Tourist Bureau bus tour. The tour starts at the Otaru Literary Museum, a museum that features Takiji, and other Japanese writers. The bus then tours around Otaru, and makes a special visit to the gravesite of <mask> Kobayashi. Takiji Kobayashi Literary Monument

On October 9, 1965, the Takiji Kobayashi Literary Monument was unveiled.The unveiling was held at the Asahi observatory overlooking Otaru City. The monument was built by Japanese sculptor Hongo Shin. Works
Kanikōsen, University of Hawaii Press (January 31, 2013), ,
March 15, 1928 (based on the March 15 incident)
Yasuko
Life of a Party Member
The Absentee Landlord. Translated in English in "The factory ship" and "The absentee landlord" in UNESCO collection of representative works: Japanese series - University of Washington Press; First American edition (1973), ,
”The Dogs That Kill Men”

See also
Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period

References

Bibliography

External links
English translation of “The Dogs That Kill Men” by Bonnie Huie in the Brooklyn Rail
 e-texts of Takiji's works at Aozora bunko
 <mask> <mask>'s grave
 German translation of "March 15, 1928" at Marxists.org

1903 births
1933 deaths
Japanese communists
20th-century Japanese novelists
Japanese people who died in prison custody
Japanese torture victims
Marxist writers
Writers from Akita Prefecture
People from Otaru
Communist writers
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
Writers from Hokkaido

masks: Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Takiji Kobayashi


title: Pinky Tomlin

texts:
Truman Virgil "<mask><mask> (September 9, 1907 – December 12, 1987) was a singer, songwriter, bandleader, and actor of the 1930s and 1940s. In addition to performing in occasional motion pictures, he wrote and published 22 songs, several of which were in the top ten on the "Hit Parade". A song he had written in 1938, "In Ole Oklahoma", was named as Oklahoma's state song by the Oklahoma State Junior Chamber of Commerce. Early life and career
Born in 1907 in Eros, Arkansas, <mask> was the youngest of three sons of Louise (née Dobbs) and G. L. <mask>. Truman grew up in Durant, Oklahoma; and according to the federal census of 1920, his father was a policeman in that city. That same census also documents that his father was a native of Tennessee; his mother, of Arkansas. Sporting a crop of red hair as a boy, he got his nickname "Pinky" because his fair skin sunburned easily.His early fascination with music and talent for playing the banjo soon earned him a widespread reputation as a performer. By age 16, <mask> was hired to play on a riverboat in St. Louis with Louis Armstrong's band. During that time he also learned to play the guitar, an instrument that later became an important part of his live shows, both at the RKO Roxy Theatre in New York and at the Biltmore Bowl in Hollywood. "The Object of My Affection"
<mask> came to national attention in the 1930s due to a song he had written while attending the University of Oklahoma, one he composed for a coed at the school, Joanne Alcorn, whom he would later marry. His original composition was subsequently adapted by Coy Poe and orchestrated and recorded in 1934 by bandleader Jimmie Grier. "The Object of My Affection" became a number-one hit late that year for Grier's Coconut Grove Orchestra, featuring <mask> <mask> at vocals (Brunswick 7308). Grier, in fact, asked <mask> himself to introduce the hit song to the public.It was widely recorded by other orchestras and vocalists, although <mask>'s own vocal rendition became the best known and remained the most popular. The Boswell Sisters had a No. 1 hit with the song in 1935. Ella Fitzgerald, who later became one of <mask>'s lifelong friends, chose to perform "The Object of My Affection" as one of two songs she performed at the age of 17, when she competed in an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in November 1934. Film

Following his success of "The Object of My Affection" and a string of other hits, including "What's the Reason (I'm Not Pleasin' You? )", "The Love Bug Will Bite You If You Don't Watch Out", and "If It Wasn't For The Moon", <mask> accepted offers from Hollywood to expand his career into motion pictures. Various studios eventually cast the popular singer in more than a dozen feature films during the 1930s and early 1940s.In 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer groomed him to be an actor as well as a singer, casting him in three MGM films released that year: Times Square Lady, Smart Girl, and King Solomon of Broadway. <mask>, however, preferred to concentrate on his musical career and allowed his MGM contract to lapse. He continued to work in Hollywood through 1938, appearing in such films as Paddy O'Day (1936), Don't Get Personal (1936), and Down in 'Arkansaw' (1938). Independent producer Maurice Conn hired <mask> <mask> to both star in and score four feature films: With Love and Kisses (1936), Sing While You're Able (1937), Thanks for Listening (1937), and Swing It, Professor (1937). Radio and touring again
In June 1937, <mask>'s guest appearance on Eddie Cantor's Texaco Town radio show led to a regular spot on that program; however, Cantor later ended that opportunity when he discovered that Texaco's publicity man was trying to recruit <mask> as his replacement. <mask> recovered from that professional setback by organizing his own swing band in 1938. For more than two years "Pinky Tomlin and His Orchestra" played in theaters, nightclubs, and school proms across most of America, on a whirlwind schedule prepared by the talent agency.The band was successful, but <mask> disliked the constant travel, as he was devoted to his family. After the tour, apart from a wartime stint with the USO, he confined his appearances to occasional motion pictures and television shows. Later life
Largely retired from show business by the mid-1950s, <mask> pursued his longtime interest in geology, which he had studied as an undergraduate at the University of Oklahoma. That interest soon led to his establishing "Pinky Tomlin Oil Properties", an oil- and gas-drilling company that he headquartered in Beverly Hills. He sold the successful enterprise in 1970, although he remained peripherally involved in the oil and gas businesses until a few years before his death. He also occasionally performed after his retirement at charity events in Los Angeles, being especially active in the Beverly Hills Rotary Club. He appeared periodically as well on television.On February 27, 1958, for example, <mask> competed as a contestant on an episode of Groucho Marx's televised quiz program You Bet Your Life. He sang on that episode, at Groucho's request, "The Object of My Affection". Fifteen years later, the song was used in the soundtrack of the hit movie Paper Moon and was featured in the film's accompanying soundtrack album (Paramount PAS 1012 [LP]) The song's title was also used for <mask>'s autobiography, The Object of My Affection, which was published in 1981. Death
Hospitalized after a heart attack, <mask> died at a medical center in North Hollywood, California on December 12, 1987. He was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. His wife Joanne had died the previous year. Married for 48 years, the couple had two children, Tom and Sylvia.References

External links

1987 deaths
1907 births
20th-century American composers
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American singers
20th-century male actors
American bandleaders
20th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Male actors from Oklahoma
People from Durant, Oklahoma
People from Marion County, Arkansas
Singers from Oklahoma
Songwriters from Arkansas
Songwriters from Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
20th-century American male singers
American male songwriters

masks:
Pinky
" Tomlin
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Pinky
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Tomlin


title: Eleanor Mondale

texts:
<mask> (January 19, 1960 – September 17, 2011) was an American radio personality, television host, and actress. Biography
<mask> was the only daughter of <mask> and former Vice President <mask>. Her older brother is former Minnesota State Senator Theodore Adams "Ted" <mask>. Her younger brother is attorney <mask>, the former assistant Attorney General of Minnesota (1990–2000). For her senior year of high school, <mask> attended St. Timothy's, a boarding school outside of Baltimore. After graduating from St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York, she moved to begin a career in Hollywood. Personal life

After she completed her college education, <mask> quickly earned a reputation in the media for being a "wild child", although she claimed many of the rumors were unfounded.She was married three times and had no children, as well as involved with some high-profile men, including reportedly former President Bill Clinton during his time in office. <mask>'s first marriage, to football player Keith Van Horne, lasted from April 9, 1988, until August 1989, when Van Horne filed for divorce. In 1990 she dated rock singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, traveling on tour with him to Australia. She also dated Washington Redskins offensive tackle George Starke. <mask>'s second marriage, from June 21, 1991, to November 1991, was to Greg Malban, a DJ known as Greg Thunder. In 1999, <mask> sold her house in Los Angeles to move to New York to be with her boyfriend at the time, New York plastic and reconstructive surgeon Joe DeBellis. In June 2005 Mondale married Minneapolis musician Chan Poling of the group The New Standards.<mask> and Poling lived on a small farm in Minnesota, where they raised miniature horses until her death. Acting career
<mask> took time off from college in 1981 to move to Hollywood. She worked briefly as an extra and had one speaking line in the TV series 240-Robert. She then returned to St. Lawrence University, in Canton, New York, graduating in 1982. By January 1983, <mask> was back in Hollywood, where she had small roles on TV shows such as Three's Company, Dynasty, and Matt Houston. <mask> was a regular guest on Howard Stern's E! TV show during the late 1990s and early 2000s.Journalism career

<mask> began her journalism career while still in Los Angeles, taking a job at KABC-TV in 1985. She left the station in late 1985 and soon moved to Chicago, getting her first radio break as a helicopter reporter at WMAQ (AM). She continued taking fill-in radio news jobs at various Chicago radio stations, including WCKG-FM. She also was waiting for the pilot of a King World Productions show, "The Rock 'n Roll Evening News", to be sold. Within a few months the show began airing in national syndication, with <mask> working as its Midwest correspondent. In 1986, <mask> signed a one-year contract with powerhouse Chicago radio station WGN (AM) to appear as a frequent contributor to programs. In early 1987, <mask> joined Chicago radio station WCKG-FM as a morning news anchor.In June 1987, <mask> shifted to being the co-host of WCKG's morning show alongside John Fisher. In early 1988, <mask> took a leave of absence from WCKG to collaborate with a Chicago writer on a book about the children of U.S. presidents. In June 1989, <mask> took a job in Minneapolis as an entertainment reporter for WCCO-TV. In March 1990, <mask> quit unexpectedly just a few days before a local magazine was to publish a feature on <mask> titled "Walter and Joan's Wild Child". After leaving WCCO and spending some time in Australia, <mask> became a morning sidekick on WLOL-FM in Minneapolis, where she remained until the station was bought by Minnesota Public Radio in 1991. She also hosted "The Great American TV Poll" on the Lifetime cable channel. In April 1991, <mask> returned to Chicago's airwaves as a morning sidekick at WKQX, working alongside morning host Robert Murphy.<mask> and fellow sidekick Dan Walker were forced out of WKQX in January 1993. After leaving WKQX, <mask> began working in television. In March 1993, <mask> and Robin Leach co-hosted a two-hour special on national television about Madonna titled "Madonna Exposed". In early 1994, <mask> began working as a correspondent for NBC's Today show. In mid-1994, <mask> landed a job as anchor/host of "Q and E", a half-hour weekly celebrity show airing on E!, and was also a regular correspondent for the network's news division. In 1996, <mask> was hired by CBS as a Los Angeles-based correspondent forThis Morning. <mask> also later hosted the E!shows Wild On in 1997 and E! News Live. She worked on ESPN as a reporter on the horse racing events, which lasted two years (2002–2003). She covered for ESPN2 the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association. After ESPN, she co-hosted The World's Greatest Auto Shows for the Speed Channel in 2004 and 2005. She worked for the CBS Television show This Morning. In 2006, after battling brain cancer for the first time, <mask> signed on as a host at WCCO-AM.She remained there until 2009, when she left the airwaves to go on disability because of her cancer's recurrence. In 2013, she was posthumously inducted into the Minnesota Broadcasting Hall of Fame. Film career
<mask> had five speaking lines in the opening minutes of the 1991 film Drop Dead Fred. She appeared in the 1999 film Ground Control as Christine, and narrated the feature documentary film Fritz: The <mask> Story (2008), which details the life of her father and aspects of her own childhood. She also appeared in the short film Mirage (2004), directed by Sayer Frey and produced by Shelli Ainsworth. Illness and death
After a bout of seizures, <mask> was diagnosed with brain cancer in June 2005. In the summer of 2006, the cancer was in remission, but she announced in February 2008 that a small tumor had returned and that she would seek treatment at the Mayo Clinic.<mask> was again diagnosed with brain cancer in August 2009 and was scheduled to undergo surgery later that month. She died from the disease at her home in Minnesota on September 17, 2011, at the age of 51. See also
List of people with brain tumors

Notes

External links

American film actresses
American horse racing announcers
American infotainers
American radio personalities
American television actresses
American television sports announcers
Children of vice presidents of the United States
Deaths from cancer in Minnesota
Neurological disease deaths in Minnesota
Deaths from brain tumor
Motorsport announcers
Actresses from Minneapolis
St. Lawrence University alumni
Women sports announcers
1960 births
2011 deaths
<mask>
American people of Norwegian descent

masks:
Eleanor Jane Mondale Poling
Mondale
Joan Mondale
Walter Mondale
Mondale
William Hall Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Eleanor Mondale
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Walter Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Walter Mondale


title: Eileen S. Naughton

texts:
<mask>, is an American consultant and politician from Warwick, Rhode Island. A Democrat, she served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 21st district, which contains the neighborhoods of Conimicut, Hoxsie, and parts of Hillsgrove, including the T.F. Green Airport. She was first elected to the House of Representatives November 3, 1992, and was defeated in the September 13, 2016, primary election in her bid to serve for a 13th term. Biography
<mask><mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island on 29 December 1945. She attended St. Mary Academy - Bay View in the Riverside neighborhood of East Providence, Rhode Island before attending Annhurst College in South Woodstock, Connecticut graduating with a BA degree in 1967. She earned a law degree from the Southern New England School of Law.Naughton has been active in her community in various capacities, serving on the Board of Directors for: Warwick Chamber of Commerce, the Warwick Historical Society, the Warwick Arts Foundation, the Gaspee Days Committee, the Conimicut Village Association, the Ocean State Lyric Opera, TechACCESS, and the Ocean State Business Development Corporation. Naughton and her husband William C<mask> reside in the Conimicut neighborhood of Warwick at the historic Lockwood Brook Farm, where they raise heritage breed livestock and poultry. She has two children, Christine and William, and six grandchildren. Politics and public service
Naughton was first elected to the House of Representatives 2 November 1992 from District 32, defeating incumbent Michael McEntee in the Democratic primary and Republican Arthur F. Chapman by a margin of 73% to 27% in the general election. Upon downsizing of the House of Representatives from 100 to 75 members in the 2002 election, Naughton ran unopposed and was elected to the 21st District. Naughton was most recently reelected on 2 November 2010 defeating Moderate Party challenger Richard L. Lavallee by a margin of 62.1% to 37.9%, winning in all seven of her precincts. Beginning in January 1993, Naughton served on the Judiciary committee with a four-year tenure on that committee.She had been serving on the Finance Committee since 1997, and was selected to serve as the chairperson of the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment in 2005. Additionally in 2005, she was selected as a Council of State Governments Henry Toll Fellow, and was appointed as chairperson of the Rules Committee. In addition to being a long-standing member of the Environment & Natural Resources Committee, Naughton has served on a number of committees and commissions focusing on natural resources and environmental issues. Between 1997 and 2004, she was appointed to serve as a Legislative Commissioner on the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, and as a member of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council. She served as chairperson of the Legislative Commission on Aquaculture Development (1995–1998), chairperson of the Legislative Commission to Develop and Coordinate a Collaborative Effort to Formulate a Restoration Plan for the North Cape Barge Oil Spill (1999), and chairperson of the Narragansett Bay Trust Study Commission (2003–2004). She also has served on the Rhode Island Commission on Women, the RI Agricultural Lands Preservation Commission  and the RI Economic Policy Council. Naughton's key legislation in her early years in the General Assembly included an overhaul of the laws regarding aquaculture in the coastal waters of the state.She has also engaged in health care policy issues, serving since 2006 as chairperson of a legislative commission to study blood banking of umbilical cord blood in support of adult stem cell research. Since 2008, she has been engaged in national health care policy issues by serving on the Director's Council of Public Representatives for the National Institutes of Health. During the 2009-10 session of the Rhode Island House of Representatives she serves as the Chairperson of the Rules Committee, Chairperson of the Health and Environment Subcommittee of the Finance Committee, as well as serving on the Environment and Natural Resources, and Labor Committees. <mask> was defeated in the September 13, 2016 Democratic Party primary election by Camille F. Vella-Wilkinson. Selected legislation as enacted
1998-H8308  An Act Relating to Fish and Wildlife—Aquaculture: This legislation created a biosecurity board to assist in carrying out the provisions of aquaculture laws and regulations dealing with diseases among aquatic organisms, introduced species, and quarantine of aquatic organisms. 1998-H8816  An Aquaculture Act:   This legislation was designed to develop and promote Rhode Island's aquaculture industry by creating a "one-stop" permitting process and by designating the Coastal Resources Management Council as the lead agency for the regulation of aquaculture and by creating various mechanisms to assist individuals in the establishment and maintenance of aquaculture projects. 2004-H8359aaa The Rhode Island Bays, Rivers, and Watersheds Coordination Team:  This legislation established the Rhode Island bays, rivers, and watersheds coordination team to provide interagency coordination in the management, restoration, protection, and sustainable economic development of the state's bays, rivers, estuaries, and watersheds.2005-H5182 Student Vision Health Act: This legislation required the department of health to establish a school vision-testing program for children entering publicly funded pre-kindergarten or kindergarten program for the first time. 2007-H6095baa Prevention and Suppression of Contagious Diseases: This legislation included prenatal HIV screening as part of routine prenatal care. 2007-H6166a The Lindsay Ann Burke Act: This legislation required school districts to implement dating violence procedures, and required school districts to incorporate an age-appropriate dating violence education program for grades 7 through 12 health education curricula. 2008-H7962aaa Hospital Infection Disclosure Act: This legislation required hospitals to collect data on hospital-acquired infections and report them to the Department of Health. 2009-H5414aaa Prevention and Suppression of Contagious Diseases - HIV/AIDS:  This legislation enabled health care policies and regulations to reduce vulnerability to HIV/AIDS transmission, protect persons who are infected with HIV from discrimination, ensure informed consent for testing, and to provide consistent terms and standards. 2009-H5798aaa Stroke Prevention Act of 2009:  This legislation enabled state policies to decrease emergency response times for stroke victims and provided for greater emphasis on treatment of stroke and other vascular diseases in Rhode Island. Notes

External links
Campaign website
Legislative homepage

1945 births
Living people
Members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
People from Kent County, Rhode Island
Politicians from Warwick, Rhode Island
Women state legislators in Rhode Island
Rhode Island Democrats
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians

masks:
Eileen Slattery Naughton
Eileen S
. Naughton
. Naughton
Naughton


title: Zarah Leander

texts:
<mask> (; 15 March 1907 – 23 June 1981) was a Swedish singer and actress whose greatest success was in Germany between 1936 and 1943, when she was contracted to work for the state-owned Universum Film AG  (UFA). Although no exact record sales numbers exist, she was probably among Europe's best-selling recording artists in the years prior to 1945. Her involvment with UFA caused her films and lyrics to be identified as Nazi propaganda. Though she had taken no public political position and was dubbed an "Enemy of Germany" by Joseph Goebbels , she remained a controversial figure for the rest of her life. As a singer <mask> was known for her confident ways and her dark, veiled voice (contralto or male baritone). Early career
She was born as Sara Stina Hedberg in Karlstad, studying piano and violin as a child, and sang on stage for the first time at the age of six. She initially had no intention of becoming a professional performer and led an ordinary life for several years.As a teenager she lived two years in Riga, Latvia (1922–1924), where she learned German, took up work as a secretary, married Nils <mask> (1926), and had two children (1927 and 1929). However, in 1929 she was engaged, as an amateur, in a touring cabaret by the entertainer and producer Ernst Rolf and for the first time sang "Vill ni se en stjärna" ("Do You Want to See a Star? "), which soon would become her signature tune. In 1930, she participated in four cabarets in the capital, Stockholm, made her first records, including a cover of Marlene Dietrich's "Falling in Love Again", and played a part in a film. However, it was as "Hanna Glavari" in Franz Lehár's operetta The Merry Widow that she had her definitive break-through (1931). By then she had divorced Nils <mask>. In the following years, she expanded upon her career and made a living as an artist on stage and in film in Scandinavia.Her fame brought her proposals from the European continent and from Hollywood, where a number of Swedish actors and directors were working. In the beginning of the 1930s she performed with the Swedish revue artist, producer, and songwriter Karl Gerhard who was a prominent anti-Nazi. He wrote a song for <mask> <mask>, "I skuggan av en stövel" ("In the shadow of a boot"), in 1934 which strongly condemned the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany. <mask> opted for an international career on the European continent. As a mother of two school-age children, she ruled out a move to America, fearing the consequences of taking the children such a great distance and being unable to find employment. Despite the political situation, Austria and Germany were much closer to home, and <mask> was already well-versed in German. A second breakthrough, by contemporary measures her international debut, was the world premiere (1936) of Axel an der Himmelstür (Axel at the Gate of Heaven) at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, directed by Max Hansen.It was a parody of Hollywood and not the least a parody of Marlene Dietrich. It was followed by the Austrian film Premiere, in which she played a successful cabaret star. UFA star

In 1936, she was introduced to Studio Head Ernst Correll by Director Douglas Sirk and landed a contract with UFA in Berlin. She became renowned as a very tough negotiator, demanding both influence and a high salary, half of which was to be paid in Swedish kronor to a bank in Stockholm. Even though Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels dubbed her an "Enemy of Germany" for her aforementioned behavior, as a leading film star at UFA, she participated in ten films, most of them great successes. <mask> neither socialized with leading party members nor took part in official Nazi Party functions. A likely apocryphal meeting with Goebbels supposedly resulted in this exchange: "Zarah...Isn't that a Jewish name?" "Oh, maybe", the actress said, "but what about Josef?" "Hmmm... yes, yes, a good answer", Goebbels reportedly replied. Involvement with the Nazi propaganda machine did not prevent her from recording in 1938 the Yiddish song "Bei Mir Bistu Shein". Many of her songs were composed by Michael Jary, with whom she had an affair, and Bruno Balz with music and lyrics, respectively. In her films, <mask> repeatedly played independent, beautiful, passionate and self-confident women. <mask> scored the two biggest hits of her recording career—in her signature deep voice, she sang her anthems of hope and survival: „Davon geht die Welt nicht unter” ("This is not the end of the world") and "Ich weiss, es wird einmal ein Wunder geschehen" ("I know that someday a miracle will happen").These two songs in particular are often included in contemporary documentaries as obvious examples of effective Nazi propaganda. Although no exact record sales numbers exist, it is likely that she was among Europe's best-selling recording artists in the years prior to 1945. She pointed out in later years that what made her a fortune was not her salary from UFA, but the royalties from the records she released. Return to Sweden

Her last film in Nazi Germany premiered on 3 March 1943. Her villa in Grunewald was hit in an air raid, and the increasingly desperate Nazis pressured her to apply for German citizenship. At this point she decided to retreat to Sweden, where she had bought a mansion at , not far from Stockholm. She was still contractually obligated for another film to UFA, but held up the film representatives by rejecting script after script.Gradually she managed to land engagements on the Swedish stage. After the war she did eventually return to tour Germany and Austria, giving concerts, making new records and acting in musicals. Her comeback found an eager audience among pre-war generations who had never forgotten her. She appeared in a number of films and television shows, but she would never regain the popularity she had enjoyed before and into the first years of World War II. In 1981, after having retired from show business, she died in Stockholm of complications from a stroke. Controversy
<mask> was often questioned about her years in Nazi Germany. Though she would willingly talk about her past, she strongly rejected allegations of her having had sympathy for the Nazi regime.She claimed that her position as a German film actress merely had been that of an entertainer working to please an enthusiastic audience in a difficult time. On the other hand, in an interview recorded shortly before his death in 1996 the senior Soviet intelligence officer Pavel Sudoplatov claimed that <mask> had in fact been a Soviet agent with the codename "Stina-Rose". Recruited by the Soviet Union before the outbreak of war, she was said to have refused payment for her work because she was a secret member of the Swedish Communist Party and therefore conducted the work for political reasons. <mask> herself denied any suggestion that she had acted as a spy for any country. Legacy

<mask> continued to be popular in Germany for many decades after World War II. She was interviewed several times on German television before her death. In 1983, New Wave singer Nina Hagen, who had idolized <mask> as a child, released the single "Zarah", based on „Ich weiss, es wird einmal ein Wunder geschehen”.In 1987, two Swedish musicals were written about <mask> <mask>. In 2003, a bronze statue was placed in <mask> <mask> Leander museum is open near her mansion outside Norrköping. Every year a scholarship is given to a creative artist in her tradition. The performer  received the prize in 2010, the female impersonator  in 2009, and Zarah's friend and creator of the museum Brigitte Pettersson in 2008.

masks:
Zarah Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Zarah
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Leander
Zarah
Leander
Zarah
Leanderh


title: Horia Gârbea

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<mask> or Gîrbea (; born August 10, 1962) is a Romanian playwright, poet, essayist, novelist and critic, also known as an academic, engineer and journalist. Known for his work in experimental theater and his Postmodernist contributions to Romanian literature, he is a member of the Writers' Union of Romania (USR), its public relations executive and the head of its Bucharest chapter. Also recognized for his contribution to Romanian humor and his essays, he has published regularly in journals such as Contemporanul, Luceafărul, Ramuri and Săptămâna Financiară. His career in the media also covers screenwriting for Romanian television stations and the popularization of contract bridge. The author of several scientific works on engineering, <mask> is also a faculty member at the University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. The recipient of several national awards for literature, he received critical attention for plays, short stories and novels which merge intertextuality and parody with neorealistic elements. In his work for the Romanian stage, <mask> has primarily reworked motifs from Anton Chekhov, Ion Luca Caragiale, Gustave Flaubert, Costache Negruzzi and various other of his predecessors, addressing contemporary realities.He is also the other of tragicomedies with themes borrowed the 1989 Revolution and his country's post-1989 history. The latter focus is complemented by his works in novel and short prose, which often take the form of political fiction or satire aimed at his writer colleagues. Such contributions have consolidated Gârbea's success with the general public, but have divided critical opinion on the issue of their ultimate literary value. Biography

Early life and career
Born in Bucharest, <mask> <mask> is the grandson of <mask>, a Land Forces general and diplomat of the Romanian Kingdom. He recalls that his grandfather's passion for literature was passed onto him from an early age, when he first heard him reciting poems by Dante Aligheri. The future writer attended the Mihai Viteazul High School, opting for a sciences-based curriculum, but envisioned becoming a writer. At around age 17, as one of the adolescent guests on a Romanian Television talk show hosted by author Mircea Sîntimbreanu, he stated his intention of having two books published by the year 2000 (he recalls: "[Sîntimbreanu], who was a witty but skeptical man, did not encourage me").<mask> made his debut in 1982, at age twenty, his poems being published by the student magazine Amfiteatru. He graduated from the Agronomical Science University's Department of Landscaping and Environmental Engineering (1986). A member of the teaching staff at his alma mater since 1987, he received a Doctor of Science diploma from the Politehnica University in 1999. A regular of Cenaclul de luni ("The Monday Literary Club"), founded by literary critic Nicolae Manolescu and journalist Radu Călin Cristea, <mask> later moved on to the Universitas circle, founded and led by critic Mircea Martin. His early poetry was awarded a 1986 prize by Spain's University of Bilbao (1986). A turning point in <mask> <mask>'s writing career was the Romanian Revolution of 1989, which put an end to the communist regime. In 1990, one of his first works in drama, translated into English as The Serpent, was performed by the British Royal Court Theatre.A year later, Pescăruşul din livada cu vişini ("The Seagull in the Cherry Orchard") was first staged at the Victor Ion Popa Theater, followed in 1992 by the premiere of Funcţionarul destinului ("The Clerk of Destiny") with the Bucharest experimental theater company Inoportun. He made his editorial debut in the genre with the 1993 volumes Doamna Bovary sînt ceilalţi ("Madame Bovary Are the Others") and Mephisto (a Romanian-language variant of Klaus Mann's 1936 novel). Another one of his plays, Stăpânul tăcerii ("The Master of Silence"), was staged in 1994 by Piteşti's Alexandru Davila Theater. <mask>'s first volume of lyric poetry,  ("Biographical Text"), saw print in 1996, earning him an award granted by the Sighet Poetry Festival. Also that year, the writer followed up with a second collection of poems, Proba cu martori ("The Confrontation of Witnesses"), which was awarded the yearly prize of the Bucharest Association of Writers (a section of the USR). In 1996, he wrote the script for Ils emménagement ("They Are Moving On"), a French-language street theater performance, which premiered in France. Proba cu martori was followed in 1997 by the short story volume Misterele Bucureștilor ("The Mysteries of Bucharest") and the multiple award-winning novel Căderea Bastiliei (Romanian for "Fall of the Bastille").<mask> returned to drama with the 1999 book Decembrie, în direct ("December, Live Broadcast"). It received the Writers' Union Prize for Theater. The student theater company Calandrinon featured his Cărţile ("The Books") in its 2000 program, and the Toma Caragiu Theater in Ploieşti did the same with Cafeaua domnului Ministru ("The Minister's Coffee"). In 2001, he published an anthology of texts for the stage: titled Cine l-a ucis pe Marx? ("Who Killed Marx? "), it was a recipient of the Romanian Academy's Ion Luca Caragiale Award with a three-year delay. Also in 2001, his short story collection  ("Enigmas in Our City") saw print.These were followed the next year by Raţă cu portocale ("Duck à l'Orange"), a volume of essays, and, in 2003, by two other books: Vacanţă în infern ("A Holiday in Hell"; literary criticism, 2 vols.) and Creşterea iguanelor de casă ("Raising Pet Iguanas"; poetry). The former was shortlisted for the USR Award. His career in the post-Revolution press began early in 1990, when he was among the writers published by Nouăzeci, a magazine founded by Laurenţiu Ulici, Cristian Popescu and Cătălin Ţârlea. Active as a theater critic and chronicler, as well as a contract bridge popularizer, he later had permanent columns in Luceafărul (1990–1995, and again 1998–2001), ArtPanorama (1997–1998), Scena (1998–2001), Monitorul de Iaşi (1998–1999), Contemporanul (1999–2001), Săptămâna Financiară (after 2005) and the Craiova-based literary magazine Ramuri. His articles were also published by other venues, among them Convorbiri Literare, Cuvântul, România Literară and Ziarul Financiar. In 2001, he joined the editorial staff of Okean, a specialized magazine co-founded by three Romanian theater companies: Bulandra, Nottara, Odeon and the National Theater Cluj-Napoca.He was also among the first Romanian authors to publish fiction in the new wave of lifestyle magazines, being an early contributor to the local version of Playboy (together with George Cuşnarencu, Răzvan Petrescu and Jean Lorin Sterian). Between 2002 and 2003, he published several works related to his field of expertise in engineering:  ("Structures and Constructions with Dynamic Insulation", 2002), Structuri şi construcţii – noţiuni şi calcule de fiabilitate ("Structures and Constructions—Notions and Calculations in Reliability", 2002), Structuri şi construcţii – curs universitar ("Structures and Constructions—University Lecture", 2003; revised edition 2004). Literary consecration and Writers' Union activities
An active member of the Writers' Union since 1994, <mask> <mask> was elected president of its Bucharest chapter in 2003, and appointed head of the Union's public relations branch two years later. As a representative of the Bucharest section, he worked closely with Editura Nouă publishing house in helping to popularize the writings of his fellow association members. Having joined the UNITER association of theatrical professionals in 1993, he also works as a dramaturge, and has first been employed as such by the Toma Caragiu Theater since 1998. His contributions in this field include translations and adaptations of plays by Anton Chekhov (The Cherry Orchard), Pierre Corneille (L'Illusion comique), Dario Fo (We Won't Pay! We Won't Pay!), Pierre de Marivaux (Le Triomphe de l'amour), Molière (The School for Wives), Ayn Rand (Night of January 16th), Fernando Arrabal, Jacques Copi, Eugène Ionesco, John D. MacDonald, Niccolò Machiavelli, Gérald Sibleyras, Tennessee Williams and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz. In 1998, <mask> also began working in screenwriting, collaborating with several national television stations. He was first employed by Pro TV from 1998 to 2001, working on the variety show Ministerul Comediei and the sitcom La Bloc. He was then affiliated with Prima TV, writing for Romică Ţociu and Cornel Palade's Alomania sketch comedy show, and later Naţional TV, where he contributed to a similar production, Naţionala de bere. In 2001, <mask> was also involved in writing for Antena 1's sitcom Clanul Popeştilor. Between 2002 and 2003, he worked with the public broadcaster TVR Cultural, where he hosted a talk show on cultural issues. During 2004, authors <mask> <mask>, Valeriu Butulescu, Mircea Ghiţulescu and Mircea Petean traveled to Vietnam, on the invitation of the Vietnamese Writers Union.Their experience in the Far East produced the collective travel account Drumul spre Nghe An ("The Road to Nghe An"), published the same year. Also in 2004, <mask> premiered his Cleopatra a şaptea ("Cleopatra VII") with the Andrei Mureşanu company of Sfântu Gheorghe, published a new work for the stage—Hotel Cervantes, and oversaw the publishing of Editura Limes' Repetiţie fără orchestră ("Rehearsal without an Orchestra"), an anthology of prose pieces by young Romanian authors. His own work also included the 2005 essay collections Arte parţiale ("Partial Arts") and Bridge în 41 de povestiri vesele ("Contract Bridge in 41 Cheerful Stories"). <mask> was made Knight of Meritul Cultural order through a 2004 presidential decree. In March 2005, as head of the Bucharest Association of Writers, he set up the Romanian version of France's literary festival Le Printemps des Poètes ("Poets' Spring", known locally as Primăvara poeţilor). A month later, during the Romanian Comedy Festival, his play Leonida XXI was staged by the Comedy Theater. Also in 2005, <mask> and the Writers' Union were involved in a polemic with Paul Goma, a novelist and former dissident who lives in France.This came after Viaţa Românească, a literary magazine managed by the Union, republished fragments from Goma's diary, which caused public outrage for its perceived antisemitism. <mask> and USR president Nicolae Manolescu both intervened to sanction the publication. In an early interview with Gardianul daily, he spoke of the editorial staff as having displayed "negligence", and noted that replacing the panel of editors was one of the sanctions being considered, while also stating that he felt none of them were "100% responsible" for the incident. <mask> however dismissed rumors that he and his colleagues were considering disestablishing Viaţa Românească, noting that the magazine was a historical institution. The USR's public expression of regret over having tolerated "a text with antisemitic content" caused Goma to threaten with a lawsuit on libel grounds. In reaction, Gârbea stated: "What we are interested in is Viaţa Românească, a press organ edited by the USR. Paul Goma may believe whatever he likes.It is not him that we are discussing, but the magazine. I see no reason why he would sue me personally." According to an overview of the episode by journalist Ovidiu Şimonca, <mask> <mask> had unwittingly prompted Goma to state his intention of suing the Jewish-Romanian community league, or Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania (FCER). This was because, during the scandal, <mask> had explained that the FCER's reaction was an incentive in the USR's internal investigation. Goma's claim for reparations from FCER leaders, Şimonca noted, ignored the fact that <mask> had not disclosed any names. Since 2006
<mask> published his second novel, Crime la Elsinore ("Murders at Helsingør"), in 2006. Printed the same year, his new drama volume, Divorţ în direct ("Live Divorce"), was nominated for another USR award.In late 2007, he participated with fellow writers Doina Ruşti and Liviu Ioan Stoiciu in a children's literature project initiated by Editura Paralela 45, which involved rewriting a series of fairy tales in Romanian folklore and Christian mythology. Titled Basme şi poveşti mistice româneşti repovestite ("Retold Romanian Fairy Tales and Mystical Stories"), it was illustrated with reproductions of children-made Romanian icons. His son, Tudor, was born in the same year. With the 2008 Trecute Vieţi de Fanţi şi de Birlici ("Bygone Lives of Beaus and Aces"), he investigated the history of Romanian literature by focusing on and inventorying literary types. In spring, he participated in the project Scriitori pe calea regală ("Writers on the Royal Road"), organized by the former King of Romania Michael I, the Royal House, the USR and various other venues for the benefit of award-winning writers. He was also the USR's envoy to the Three Seas Writers and Translators Committee conference on Rhodes, Greece. The same year, <mask> voluntarily reduced his contributions to drama and theater criticism, citing his family obligations, alongside a general disappointment with the milieu: "I grew aware that writing for the theater is usually not followed by productions.Although plays I signed were constantly performed, I never had productions at a satisfactory level nor significant material gains, except for translations." Instead, he focused on writing a fantasy novel for the youth, Făt Frumos din lună ("Făt Frumos from the Moon") and a cycle of poems known as Cântecele lui Huppy ("Huppy's Songs"), as well as on reviewing for publishing the memoirs of his grandfather <mask>. Working with Editura Tritonic publishing house, <mask> also coordinated an anthology of political fiction, in which he included his own novella Detestarea naţiunii ("Detesting the Nation"). In 2010, Editura Limes published Fratele mai deştept al lui Kalaşnikov ("Kalashnikov's Smarter Brother"), his new volume of short prose. The same year, <mask> visited Azerbaijan, invited by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, and published some of his impressions in Revista 22. His larger travel writing, published by the same foundation as Azerbaijan – The Living Flame (in English, Romanian, German), was officially launched at the Frankfurt Book Fair (October 2010). In April 2011, <mask> and fellow writer Ruxandra Cesereanu were in Israel, attending the Nisan Poetry Festival in Maghar.Work

Cultural context and Postmodernist reinterpretations
Committed to Postmodernism, <mask> debuted as a member of the Optzecişti group of writers, most of whom reached their creative peak after 1980: together with Mircea Cărtărescu, Traian T. Coşovei, Florin Iaru, Doru Mareş, Radu G. Ţeposu and Ion Stratan, he was part of the Optzecişti nucleus inside Cenaclul de luni. Given his relatively late consecration, <mask> is nevertheless identified with the 1990s generation of post-Optzecişti. This also reflects <mask>'s own positioning: according to his own statement, the move from one generation group to the other coincided with his leaving Cenaclul de luni and joining Universitas. In 2008, he expressed much criticism for Orbitor, a large-scale novelistic cycle by the Optzecişti

masks:
Horia Răzvan Gârbea
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Horia
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Titus Gârbea
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Horia
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Horia
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Horia
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Horia
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Titus Gârbea
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