title: Elizabeth Fox, Baroness Holland

texts:
<mask>, Baroness Holland (1771 – London, November 1845) was an English political hostess and the wife of Whig politician Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland. With her husband, and after his death, she hosted political and literary gatherings at their home, Holland House. Biography

<mask> was born in 1771 in London, the only child and universal heiress of Richard Vassall, a planter in Jamaica and Mary Clarke, and granddaughter of Florentius Vassall, a wealthy planter and slave-owner in Jamaica whose last will was dated 1777. First marriage
Vassall married Sir Godfrey Webster, 4th Baronet in 1786. He was more than 20 years older than she was. They had five children:
Sir Godfrey Vassall Webster, 5th Baronet (6 October 1789 – 17 July 1836). A son (born and died 1790).Lt. Col. Sir Henry Vassall Webster (1793–1847). Lady Harriet Frances Webster (1794 – 7 August 1849), married on 5 June 1816 Hon. Adm. Sir Fleetwood Broughton Reynolds Pellew. A son (born and died October 1795). Webster was intensely unhappy in her marriage and she spent much of the early 1790s travelling in Europe, visiting France, Germany, Switzerland and Italy. She enjoyed the guidance and friendship of the Duchess of Devonshire and politician Thomas Pelham with whom she had an affair resulting in a daughter, Harriet Frances (b.1794). Second marriage
In 1794, Webster met in Naples Whig politician Henry Fox, 3rd Baron Holland, two years her junior, and they embarked on a love affair.They had seven children:
General Charles Richard Fox (6 November 1796 – 13 April 1873). Born before the marriage of his parents. The Hon. Stephen Fox (18 January 1799 – 22 November 1800). A son (born and died 17 March 1801). Henry Edward Fox, 4th Baron Holland (7 May 1802 – 18 December 1859). The Hon.<mask> Fox (19 February 1806 – 7 December 1891), married on 24 May 1830 Thomas Powys, 3rd Baron Lilford. The Hon. Georgiana Anne Fox (7 November 1809 – 31 October 1819). A daughter (born and died 24 June 1812). On 4 July 1797, Fox was divorced by Webster on the grounds of adultery. She married <mask> two days later, on 6 July. They lived together in Holland House in Kensington, then just outside London, and for many years hosted the elite of Whig society.Visitors included Lord Grey, George Tierney, Samuel Rogers, Walter Scott, Ugo Foscolo, Sydney Smith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Holland became known by her guests, and contemporary observers for her domineering nature, in contrast to her husband. In his journals, Sydney Smith, a friend of both Lord and Lady Holland, called her a "formidable woman". Actress Fanny Kemble visited Holland house with her sister Adelaide Kemble described what she called the "domineering rudeness" of Lady Holland. Lady Holland's rule extended not only to all of the guests at Holland House but to Lord Holland too. She dictated when he should go to bed, what he should wear and would have servants take him away from the table in his wheelchair when he was in the middle of telling a story. Both Lord and Lady Holland were great admirers of Napoleon Bonaparte.In 1815, Holland commiss a bronze bust of him from sculptor Antonio Canova, which was placed in the garden at Holland House. After Napoleon was exiled to Saint Helena in 1815, Lady Holland sent him supplies of food and hundreds of books. Napoleon remembered Lady Holland in his will and following his death in 1821, his companions General Henri Gratien Bertrand and the Marquis de Montholon arrived at Holland House, delivering a snuffbox. The gold snuffbox, which had been a gift to Napoleon from Pope Pius VI, was bequeathed by Lady Holland to the British Museum. Lord Holland died on 22 October 1840. After his death, Lady Holland lived at 33 South Street, a property she had inherited from her mother. She continued to entertain, and it was here that the historian John Allen died in 1843.In November of that year, <mask> moved to 9 Great Stanhope Street, a property she rented from Lord Palmerston. Lady Holland died in 1845. By the end of her life, she had become estranged from her children. She supposedly said to Lord John Russell 'I hate my son, I don't like my daughter'. In his Memoirs, diarist Charles Greville called Lady Holland "a social light which illuminated and adorned England, and even Europe, for half a century". Introduction of the dahlia
Lady Holland became known for permanently introducing the dahlia to the United Kingdom. An unsuccessful attempt had been made in 1789 by the Marchioness of Bute who brought the plant from Spain, but failed to propagate it.Whilst in Madrid in 1804, Lady <mask> was given either dahlia seeds or roots by botanist Antonio José Cavanilles. She sent them back to England, to Lord Holland's librarian Mr Buonaiuti at Holland House, who successfully raised the plants. In 1824, Lord <mask> sent his wife a note containing the following verse:"The dahlia you brought to our isle
Your praises for ever shall speak;
Mid gardens as sweet as your smile,
And in colour as bright as your cheek." Ownership of slaves
When the ownership of slaves was finally abolished in the British Empire in 1834, the government paid Compensation for slavery - not to the enslaved people, but to the slaveholders. The government paid £20m, 40% of the HM Treasury's annual spending budget (£17 billion in today's terms) in compensation. This vast sum of borrowed money was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers and only finally repaid in 2015. Her compensation was paid to her husband Lord Holland who was associated with three different claims, for the 401 enslaved people on the estates in Jamaica and received a £7,211 payment at the time (worth £ in ).Lord <mask>'s entry in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, which gave an account of his political career, explained that <mask> adopted the name Vassall in 1800 'to safeguard his children's rights to his wife's West Indian fortune' - but was otherwise silent on the tensions around Holland's position as slave-owner. References

1771 births
1845 deaths
British baronesses
English political hostesses
People from Kensington
Elizabeth
<mask>

masks:
Elizabeth Vassall Fox
Elizabeth Vassall
Mary Elizabeth
Holland
Holland
Holland
Holland
Holland
Holland
Elizabeth


title: Rolando Fonseca

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 6 June 1974) is a Costa Rican former professional footballer who played as a forward. Nicknamed El Principito (The little prince) and El Rolo, <mask> usually played just off the main striker and is renowned for his ability to create opportunities for his teammates and his fierce long shot. <mask> is the Costa Rica national team's all-time top goalscorer. Club career
<mask> played for Comunicaciones in Guatemala, Independiente Medellín and América de Cali in Colombia, Pachuca and Pachuca in Mexico, as well as having home spells with Saprissa, Alajuelense and Municipal Liberia. In Costa Rica, he played a total of 271 games, scoring over 100 goals, between the league's two best teams, Saprissa and Alajuelense. His debut was with Deportivo Saprissa, on 1 June 1991, against ASODELI, and scored his first goal against San Carlos on 28 August. He also won Costa Rican championships in 1993–94, 1994–95 (Saprissa), and 1996–97, 2001–02, 2002–03 and 2004–05 (Alajuelense), adding three CONCACAF Champions' Cups in 1993, 1995 (Saprissa), and 2004 (Alajuelense).Outside Costa Rica, <mask> won league titles with Comunicaciones in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2008, and 2010, and with América de Cali in 1997. After solid performances with Alajuelense and the national team, <mask> received offers in 2007 from China, Chile, Turkey and Major League Soccer, but finally settled, as co-owner, player and captain of Municipal Liberia. Although he was having a great season, he left the project a few days before finishing the Apertura tournament, apparently due to personal issues and some differences with then co-owner Mario Sotela. Rumors surfaced that <mask> would return to Alajuelense, but they were all quickly discarded. After failed negotiations with Brujas, <mask> returned to Comunicaciones, a team he had already represented on two other spells, remaining as one of side's best imports ever. <mask> retired in January 2011, but a year and seven months later, he made his return to professional football by joining Asociación Deportiva Carmelita on 19 August 2012. After three matches with Carmelita, he was released in September 2012.Coach Orlando de León cited that <mask> has been busy with his other activities besides football.<ref>Umaña, Johan. "Carmelita evalúa dar de baja a Rolando Fonseca". La Nación", 24 September 2012. Retrieved on 26 May 2013.</ref>

International career
<mask> has also been a fixture on the Costa Rica national team since 1992. He played in more than 100 internationals, and is currently the nation's all-time scorer, with 47 goals. <mask> earned his first cap at the age of 17 on 27 May 1992, in a friendly match against Ecuador. By November of that year, he appeared in a 1994 World Cup qualifier against St. Vincent and the Grenadines, the first of his five World Cup qualifying campaigns for Costa Rica.FIFA."FIFA Player Statistics: <mask> FONSECA". Retrieved on 26 May 2013. The following year saw <mask>'s first international goal, which came on 9 March in an UNCAF Nations Cup match against Panama.Reyes, Macario. "UNCAF Tournament 1993". RSSSF, 2 June 2003. Retrieved on 26 May 2013. By late 1996, <mask> had become a regular in the national team, playing four World Cup qualifiers in the fall.He scored a hat trick against Honduras in the 1997 UNCAF Nations Cup, the first of three in his international career. He earned a call to the squad for the Copa América in Bolivia, but he appeared only in the first-round match against Mexico as the team lost all three group games. At the turn of the millennium, <mask> was entering the highest-scoring stretch of his international career; he scored eight times for Costa Rica in 1999, six times in 2000, and twelve times in 2001. During the same period, Costa Rica rose fast in CONCACAF, finishing in first place in World Cup qualifying. At the 2001 Copa América, <mask> appeared in all four matches and scored against Bolivia, as the Costa Ricans won their first-round group with a team that also included Paulo César Wanchope, Walter Centeno, and Hernán Medford. <mask> played in two games for the team at the 2002 World Cup, appearing in the first-round matches against China and Brazil. <mask> remained in the national team after the World Cup, playing in the 2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup and scoring twice against the United States, but he was limited to only one cap in 2004 and two in 2005.He was excluded from the 2006 FIFA World Cup squad selected by Alexandre Guimarães. Upon the appointment of former teammate Medford as national coach, however, <mask> returned to the national team in early 2007. He appeared only once for Costa Rica during the two-year span after the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup, but he was recalled late in 2009 for the last stages of World Cup qualifying by coach René Simões. <mask> played his final competitive international match in the intercontinental playoff match against Uruguay on 18 November 2009, coming off the bench for the last 26 minutes.FIFA. "Match Report – Uruguay – Costa Rica 1:1 (0:0)". 18 November 2009. Retrieved on 26 May 2013.His 47th and last international goal came against Chile, in a spectacular strike with his back to the goal, which also meant the number 1000 for Costa Rica in international matches. The all-time top scorer in the UNCAF Nations Cup with 19 goals, <mask> was voted the tournament's best player in 1999, adding five goals. On 26 March 2011, <mask> <mask> played in the first game of the new Costa Rican Estadio Nacional against China. He substituted Álvaro Saborío in the 78th minute. This was his last game with the Costa Rica national football team, as he retired from international play as Costa Rica's all-time leading scorer. International goalsScores and results list Costa Rica's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Fonseca goal''. Honours
 CONCACAF Champions' Cup: 1993, 1995, 2004
 Costa Rican Championship: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2001–02, 2004–05
 Liga Nacional de Guatemala: 1998–99, 1999–00 Apertura, Apertura 2008, Apertura 2010–2011

See also
 List of top international men's football goalscorers by country
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> Jiménez at SoloCremas

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from San José, Costa Rica
Association football forwards
Costa Rican footballers
Costa Rica international footballers
Costa Rican men's futsal players
1997 Copa América players
2001 UNCAF Nations Cup players
2001 Copa América players
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2003 UNCAF Nations Cup players
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2007 UNCAF Nations Cup players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
FIFA Century Club
Deportivo Saprissa players
C.F.Pachuca players
Independiente Medellín footballers
América de Cali footballers
L.D. Alajuelense footballers
Comunicaciones F.C. players
Municipal Liberia footballers
A.D. Carmelita footballers
Liga FPD players
Categoría Primera A players
Costa Rican expatriate footballers
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in Colombia
Expatriate footballers in Colombia
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Expatriate footballers in Guatemala
Copa Centroamericana-winning players

masks:
Rolando Fonseca Jiménez
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Rolando
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Fonseca
Rolando
Fonseca
Rolando
Fonseca


title: Ademola Rasaq Seriki

texts:
<mask>, commonly known as <mask>, (born 30 November 1959) is a Nigerian politician, teacher, businessman and public administrator. He is currently the Nigerian Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain since January 2021, with con-current accreditation as a Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Nations World Tourism Organization-UNWTO. He previously served as Minister of State for Defence. Education
As a junior public servant <mask> was not satisfied with his clerical job at the Lagos City Council because his secondary school qualification would not guarantee him possible promotion to the senior ranks of public service, so he proceeded to New York where he studied for and earned Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science degrees in the field of Accounting, Finance & Management from the City University of New York. He also attended Harvard University John F. Kennedy School of Government, Cambridge Massachusetts where he completed a Senior Executive Education and earned a Certificate in National and International Security. <mask> is a qualified teacher in Business, Accounting and Mathematics. Public Service
Upon completion of his studies, <mask> became a licensed teacher with the New York City Board of Education under their employment at the JFK Memorial High School, Walton High School, and the Springfield High School.He served them as a teacher and counsellor by helping to teach Accounting and Business Mathematics from 1984 to 1986 as well as counselling young students from time to time. He then joined the Rochester New York firm of Koskolowsky and Co. (Certified Public Accountants) from 1986 to 1987 as Assistant Manager (Auditing). He was also Customer Representative/Assistant Manager at Dollar Dry Dock Bank, New York City. On return to Nigeria, Demola <mask> joined Equity and Trust Finance Company Limited from 1987 as Business Manager until he was appointed Chairman of the Lagos State Sports Council in 1992; a position he held till 1994. More than anywhere else in Nigeria at the time, Demola <mask>'s tenure as chairman of the Lagos State Sports Council was marked by political instability in Nigeria during the struggle for democratic rule by the National Democratic Coalition, Nigeria (NADECO) and civil society organisations following the then military junta's annulment of Nigeria's freest and fairest general elections won by M.K.O. Abiola. This period witnessed very regular youth demonstrations and riots on the streets of Lagos.However, Demola <mask> was instrumental to the successful Sports Development programmes by the Lagos State government to engage young talents in sporting activities at State and National levels. He applied his experiences as a grassroots organiser to positively mobilise the local youths towards sporting activities in the State with educational institutions as platforms for youth participation in grassroots sports development programmes, hence Demola <mask> was named - Best State Chairman of Sports Council [for the year] 1993 by the Nigerian Basketball Federation (NBBF). He was granted Honorary Life Membership of Table Tennis Association in 1993 in recognition of his public administration expertise and passion for sports development in Lagos State. With the Nigerian military due to hand over power (which they unfortunately failed to do) in 1993 to elected civilians, Demola <mask> soon left public service to start his company - Perpetual Investment and Finance Company Limited(PIFCO) as well as launch a grassroots career in politics. The annulment of 12 June 1993, general elections led him into private business. From 1994 to 1999 Demola <mask> was Vice President of Rosedale New York based Perpetual Associates International (USA) Inc. (an International Consulting Firm to multinational Oil and Aviation companies). He returned to PIFCO Nigeria Limited from 1999 to 2007 as Executive Director - Business Development and Marketing.Politics
<mask> <mask> was the Lagos Central District Senatorial candidate on the platform of the defunct National Republican Convention (NRC) in 1992. In 1998 he was elected a member of the Federal House of Representatives from the Lagos Island Federal Constituency on the ticket of the defunct United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP). This victory was short-lived with the abrupt end of the General Abacha regime and the inception of General Abdulsalam Abubakar's transition regime. But with the emergence of the 4th Republic, he was appointed a National Fund Raising Committee member in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) for the 1999 National elections. The PDP also appointed him as a member of the Candidate and Party Relations Committee for Obasanjo/Atiku Presidential Election. From 2000 to 2002 Demola <mask> emerged as the PDP Party Chairman of Lagos Island Local Government Area in Lagos State and later in 2003 as the party's flag bearer to the House of Assembly representing Lagos Island Federal Constituency. In 2005 he cut his political tooth further by serving as Secretary of the Lagos State PDP Disciplinary Committees.In 2005 up until 2006, he was appointed as the Lagos State Vice-Chairman of the PDP after which in 2007, he campaigned to become Senator for the Lagos Central Senatorial district. Demola <mask>'s campaign sought to ensure the gainful and qualitative employment of youths in his district. His political vision aimed to ensure quality education for youths in the rundown areas of his senatorial district by galvanising the support of the Federal Government through special federal government support schemes to rejuvenate literacy in such highly populated parts of Lagos State described by him as the most cosmopolitan and populated in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Although education for the youth was high on his political agenda, Demola <mask> also sought to advance gender sensitivity in politics and public service opportunities. These key issues including housing, infrastructure development and security have remained cornerstones of his approach to politics. In 2011 <mask> defected from the PDP to the Action Congress of Nigeria. National Political Appointments and Responsibilities

Currently Nigerian Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain: January 2021 till date
In early 2021 he was appointed by The President of Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari as Nigeria's Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain.Hon. Minister of State for Interior of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: 2009 to March 2010
Demola <mask> worked in tandem with the Minister of Interior in the formulation and implementation of policies towards the realization of the ministry's mandate. He chaired the Nigerian Civil Defence, Immigration and Prisons Services Board and assisted to provide oversight for the Board in areas such as coordinating and ensuring harmony towards the Ministry's mandate. He is responsible for providing oversight for Nigeria Prison Service, Federal Fire Service, Seaman Identity Certificate and Registration of Marriages according to governing laws of Nigeria. Hon. Minister of State for Defence of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: 2008 to 2009
<mask> serves ad Minister of State for Defence between 2008 and 2009. Demola <mask>'s responsibilities in this position included provision of oversight to the Military Pensions Board in order to attain the goals and objectives as envisaged by the Federal Government of Nigeria.He in tandem with the Honourable Minister of Defence worked in vigorous ways to formulate and implement policies within the purview of his mandated Defence schedule. Under <mask>, there was effective oversight on the operations of the Armed Forces Resettlement Scheme, the welfare of ex-service personnel including the Nigerian legion. He also oversees matters relating to honourable interment of deceased Nigerian Armed Forces personnel in war graves as well as the documentation and preservation of Nigerian Military history in Military Museums including maintenance of the National Cenotaph. He coordinated the annual commemorative activities of the Armed Forces Remembrance Day Celebrations. During his tenure as Minister of State Demola <mask> was appointed Chairman of the Defence Health Maintenance Limited a holding company for Military Health Maintenance initiatives. During this time, Demola <mask> was also the Chairman of the Ministry of Defence HIV/USDoD joint initiative to help ameliorate the lives of HIV/AIDS-infected servicemen and their families/dependents. He was a Member of the Joint Development Authority of Nigeria-São Tomé and Príncipe.Finally and quite significantly, he was responsible for the supervision of the Joint Services Organisations and Parastatals such as the Nigerian Defence Academy, Armed Forces Command and Staff College, National War College, Defence Industry Corporation of Nigeria (DICON), Nigerian Armed Forces Resettlement centre (NAFRC) and the Tafawa Balewa Square Investment Limited. Hon. Supervising Minister for Mines and Steel Development: October 2008 to December 2008
Although Demola <mask> had a short but remarkable stint in this portfolio, he undertook various nationalist initiatives through his supervision of the Privatization of Federal Government Enterprises in the Solid Minerals, Steel and Aluminium Industry. He advised the Federal Government on key matters relating policy formulation and implementation for the realization of set growth indices in the solid minerals and metals industries. Demola <mask> oversaw activities of Nigerian Parastatals like the Geological Surveys Agency of Nigeria, the Nigerian Coal corporation Joint Ventures - Enugu, National Steel Raw Materials Agency - Kaduna, national Metallurgical Development Centre - Jos, Metallurgical Training Institute -  Onitsha, Ajaokuta Steel Company Limited and the National Iron Ore Mining Company Limited. He was also key to the ratification of decisions of the Ministerial Tenders Board and the Procurement Planning Committee. Hon.Minister of State for Agriculture and Water Resources of the Federal Republic of Nigeria: 2007 to 2008
As Demola <mask>'s first appointment to National service, he worked alongside the Minister in the setting out of policies on Agriculture and Water resources needed to galvanise the employment, industrial and social development of this sector of the Nigerian economy. He helped steer focus towards the development and review of the National Water Resources Master Plan and also helped in overseeing the ministerial activities in the Cash and Food Crop production, Livestock, Fishery, Agricultural Research, Agricultural Disease control, Agricultural Statistics, Strategic Food Reserve, and distribution of Essential Inputs schedules within the Ministry. Under his watch he ensured the aggressive implementation of the national policies and water resources development and distribution through Irrigation/Dam, Underground Water Supply, and Water Resources Research and Statistics programmes. He coordinated bilateral relations with governments on matters Water Resources and supervised activities of the River Basin Development Authorities and the National Water Resources Institute. He was also elected as the chairman of Niger Basin Authority (NBA) Council of Ministers in Niamey, Niger Republic in 2008. He was quite prominent as the country's spokesperson on agricultural sector engagements at international and regional levels. Traditional Awards and Titles
In May 2009 the Oba of Lagos HRH Oba Rilwan Akiolu conferred on Demola <mask> the chieftaincy title - the Ottun Aare of Lagos.Present and Future
Demola <mask> has had stints in Federal Ministerial positions in the interest of Nigeria's national development. In collaboration with the US Ambassador to Nigeria major assistance has been provided for Military personnel and their families suffering from HIV/AIDS related ailments. He is a member of Action Congress of Nigeria(ACN) He is a Director of Cappa and D'Abberto(Building and Civil  Engineers) and the chairman of PIFCO Nigeria Limited
He is an Alumnus and Fellow of the prestigious Harvard University. Demola <mask> is a member of the Nigerian-American Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the Yoruba Tennis Club, the Ikoyi Club 1938, the Island Club, F's Club and IBB Golf, Country Club and Lagos yacht Club. Controversy
In 2019, the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria seized two properties belonging to <mask> after he failed to settle a 1 billion naira debt. See also

References

Living people
1959 births
Yoruba politicians
Lagos State politicians
Federal ministers of Nigeria
Politicians from Lagos
Nigerian expatriates in the United States
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Nigerian educators
Yoruba educators
Nigerian accountants
Yoruba people
Citizens of Nigeria through descent
United Nigeria Congress Party politicians
Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria) politicians
People from Lagos State

masks:
Ademola Rasaq Seriki
Demola Seriki
Demola Seriki
Seriki
Demola Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Ademola
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki
Seriki


title: Josip Šimunić

texts:
<mask> "Joe<mask> (; born 18 February 1978) is a Croatian retired footballer and current manager of the Croatia national under-19 team. Born in Australia to Bosnian Croat parents, <mask> started his career at Melbourne Knights then moved to Germany where he spent 14 seasons in the Bundesliga with Hamburger SV, Hertha BSC and TSG 1899 Hoffenheim before finishing his career in Croatia with Dinamo Zagreb. He played for Croatia from 2001 to 2013, appeared in five major tournaments for Croatia – 2002 and 2006 World Cups, as well as the 2004, 2008 and 2012 European Championships – and is the fifth most capped player in the history of the Croatia national team. Club career
<mask> was born in Canberra, Australia, to Bosnian Croat immigrants from Otigošće near Fojnica. He received early football training at Croatia Deakin in his hometown of Canberra before attending the Australian Institute of Sport program. The defender broke into the Melbourne Knights first team as a teenager in the 1995–96 season and ended it with a championship medal and 1996 NSL Youth Player of the Year award. Šimunić scored his first goals the following term, three in 14 outings, before moving to Europe to join Hamburger SV in 1997.Hertha BSC
Šimunić moved to Hertha BSC in 2000 after having fallen out with Hamburg coach Frank Pagelsdorf and has since become an integral member of a team which has enjoyed occasional forays in the UEFA Cup. He expressed on The World Game on SBS that he wishes to return to Australia to live after concluding his career in Europe. At the end of the 2008–09 season, Šimunić was named the best centre-half in the Bundesliga by Kicker. Hertha finished in fourth place that season, with a defence that conceded only 41 goals, tied for third in the league with VfL Wolfsburg. 1899 Hoffenheim
After nine years with Hertha, he left the club on 30 June 2009 to sign with TSG Hoffenheim on a contract which was to run out on 30 June 2012. Dinamo Zagreb
On 31 August 2011, the board of Dinamo Zagreb confirmed signing of Šimunić on a free transfer in a contract that expires on 30 June 2013. Šimunić was signed by the club in order to re-enforce their team for UEFA Champions League matches.He made his official debut in Croatian biggest derby match, between eternal rivals Dinamo Zagreb and Hajduk Split at Stadion Poljud. During his first season with the club he made only 11 domestic league appearances, as he struggled to find his regular spot in the starting lineup due to injuries and tough competition in the team's defensive lineup that included Tonel, Leandro Cufré, Igor Bišćan and Domagoj Vida. He made his UEFA Champions League debut against Lyon at Stade de Gerland. At the end of the season he won his first double with the club, as Dinamo won both the Prva HNL and the Croatian Cup. In the beginning of his second season with the club he established himself as the first choice centre-half and regular starter. He played fully 90 minutes in each of six Dinamo's group stage matches in 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. On 14 December 2014, Šimunić officially retired from professional football.International career
<mask> was educated at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). He was eligible to play for Australia but opted to play for Croatia, even though his parents were from Bosnia and Herzegovina and not Croatia, albeit of Croatian ethnicity in Bosnia. After obtaining dual citizenship in October 2001, he made his international debut in Croatia's friendly match against South Korea on 10 November 2001. Šimunić did not play in any of Croatia's qualifiers for the 2002 World Cup, but was given a place in the squad for the finals after injury forced Igor Tudor out. He played all three of Croatia's matches in South Korea and Japan. He also played in the Euro 2004, the 2006 World Cup, and Euro 2008, performing well in the latter tournament. In a well-publicised incident, Šimunić was sent off in Croatia's final 2006 World Cup match against Australia.Šimunić having picked up a booking in the 61st minute, the referee Graham Poll took out a yellow card for his tackle in the 90th minute, but did not actually send him off. At the conclusion of the game three minutes later, however, <mask> remonstrated with Poll and received a "third" yellow card, this time followed by a red card. FIFA initially noted all three bookings in its match report, before later removing the 90th minute (second) booking. This prompted the removal of Poll from the knockout stages referee pool. Shortly after the World Cup, Poll retired from refereeing international games, citing this game as a direct cause. Upon the release of his autobiography in 2007, Poll revealed that, upon booking Šimunić for the second time, he had erroneously recorded him as "Australia #3" (who was defender Craig Moore), due to Šimunić's Australian accent. Šimunić is known for having had great football technique, despite having been a centre-half.His national teammate Niko Kranjčar said that, "on a training pitch, he did feints like Ronaldinho." Fascist salute controversy

<mask> was involved in a controversy following a 2–0 win for Croatia against Iceland in Zagreb on 19 November 2013. He was accused of neo-Nazi sympathies for having directed the crowd in a chant following the game. The use of the salute "Za dom" (For homeland), with the fans responding "Spremni!" (Ready! ), was identical to the salute used by the fascist Ustasha movement in Croatia during World War II. He defended his actions saying that he was driven by "love for his Croatian homeland".After the match, <mask> responded to his critics: "Those who are bothered by those shouts should study history. If it bothers someone, then it's their problem. I'm not afraid." For this incident <mask> was fined 25,000 kunas by the State's Attorney Office of Croatia for inciting racial hatred and harassment of other participants of a public gathering. After an investigation FIFA suspended Šimunić for ten official matches, banned him from entering the confines of the stadiums for those ten matches and imposed a fine of CHF 30,000 (around €24,000). <mask>'s behaviour was denounced by the Croatian Minister of Science, Education and Sports Željko Jovanović, the Association of Anti-Fascist Fighters of Croatia (SABH) and various foreign and domestic media. The severity of suspension by FIFA was both criticized and embraced.Jovanović called it expected and deserving, sending a strong message that Croatians do not want to be perceived by Europe as backward rightists, and as a country where minority rights are being violated to promote and glorify fascism. Others, such as the Croatian Football Federation and Niko Kovač, manager of the national football team, have described the suspension as excessive and draconian. <mask> appealed to FIFA to rescind his suspension, but lost his appeal in March 2014. His lawyers responded by claiming that a "Greater Serbian conspiracy" was to blame for FIFA's decision. On 9 April 2014, <mask> and his lawyers filed an appeal with the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and requested that the sanctions be cancelled or, alternatively, be stayed for a probation period of one year. The parties were heard at a hearing which took place at the CAS offices on 8 May 2014. The CAS arbitration committee in charge of this matter unanimously rejected the arguments of the player and dismissed his appeal, on 12 May 2014.CAS confirmed the sanction imposed by FIFA against the player, who remained suspended for ten official matches, the first of which had to be served during the final competition of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and banned from entering the confines of the stadiums for those ten matches and also fined CHF 30,000. In 2019, he's said for Sportske novosti: "I wasn't aware of the implications because I hadn't lived in Croatia for a long period of time and I hadn't felt such a division about certain questions, even if they were Za dom spremni'. So, to be very clear, I was not glorifying fascism, Nazism, or any other kind of totalitarianism. I was glorifying Croatia. I was convinced that was the right way. Today I understand there is a lot of those who think that is the wrong way." and "Being aware of the context and everything that had happened, today I would chant 'Croatia, Croatia'".Coaching career
On 22 September 2015, <mask> was appointed an assistant manager of the Croatia national football team under the coaching staff of Ante Čačić, who was sacked in October 2017. On 10 May 2019, he became a new manager of the Croatia national under-19 football team. Personal life
<mask> is married to Christina Koloper, a Croatian Canadian. On 5 September 2014, Koloper gave birth to the couple's first child. The child passed away in 2018. On 24 August 2015, President and Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović was presented with a petition for the introduction of Za dom spremni to the official use in the Croatian Armed Forces. One of the petition signatories was Šimunić, alongside other prominent Croatian right-wing figures such as <mask> Pečarić, Valentin Pozaić, Vlado Košić, Mirko Valentić, Zvonimir Šeparović, Nikola Štedul etc.President Grabar-Kitarović immediately rejected the petition, calling it "frivolous, unacceptable and provocative". <mask> donated for the production of the 2016 Croatian documentary Jasenovac – istina'' that denies the Ustasha genocide of Serbs and Jews in the Jasenovac concentration camp during the World War II. Career statistics

Club
Sources:

International
Sources:

International goals
Source:

Honours

ClubMelbourne Knights National Soccer League: 1995–96Herta BSCDFL-Ligapokal: 2001, 2002Dinamo Zagreb'''
 Prva HNL: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14
 Croatian Cup: 2012
 Croatian Supercup: 2013

See also
List of footballers with 100 or more caps

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Canberra
Australian people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian emigrants to Croatia
Association football central defenders
Australian soccer players
Australian expatriate soccer players
Croatian footballers
Croatia international footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
UEFA Euro 2012 players
Hamburger SV players
Hamburger SV II players
Hertha BSC players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim players
Melbourne Knights FC players
GNK Dinamo Zagreb players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Bundesliga players
Croatian First Football League players
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
FIFA Century Club
FIFA World Cup controversies
Croatian Holocaust deniers
Deniers of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
Croatian nationalists
Citizens of Croatia through descent

masks:
Josip
" Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Šimunić
Josip
Šimunić


title: Robert Logan of Restalrig

texts:
Sir <mask> of Restalrig (1555-July 1606) was a Scottish knight involved in the Gowrie House affair of 1600. Family background
<mask>'s father and grandfather were also called "<mask> of Restalrig". In 1547, his father, <mask> of Restalrig was first married to Margaret Seton, daughter of George Seton, 6th Lord Seton. His second wife was Agnes Gray, daughter of Patrick Gray, 4th Lord Gray. During the crisis of the Scottish reformation in 1559, this <mask> senior took his Leith followers to face the French troops of Henri Cleutin at Cupar Muir. Later he advised against resistance at Leith by the Protestant Lords of the Congregation against the French troops of Mary of Guise, which led to a short-lived truce by the terms of the articles of Leith. After <mask> senior died, his widow Agnes Gray married Alexander Home, 5th Lord Home.Her son, <mask> of Restalrig (d. 1606) firstly married Elizabeth Makgill, daughter of David Makgill of Cranston-Riddell, then Jonet Ker and thirdly Marion Ker. <mask>'s first wife, Elizabeth Makgill, after their divorce, married Sir Thomas Kennedy of Culzean, Tutor of Cassilis. A daughter was christened at Fast Castle in May 1590 attended by the Earl of Bothwell and Lord Home. <mask> properties

The <mask> family lived at Lochend Castle near Restalrig, and others of the name had been Provost of Leith. In 1430, an ancestor, also called Sir <mask> (d. 1439), and his wife Dame Katherine founded the monastery of St Anthony which was near South Leith Parish Church with an outlying chapel at Arthur's Seat in Holyrood Park, which survives as a ruin. <mask> inherited Fast Castle and other lands near the border with England, as 'nephew' and heir of Elizabeth Martene, Lady Fastcastle, widow of Cuthbert Home who had fallen at Flodden Field. In the 1570s <mask> was lord of half of the lands of Fastcastle, and Sir George Ogilvie of Dunlugus was lord of the other half.In 1597 he surrendered a number of lands and rights connected to Fast Castle (but not the Castle itself), which he had inherited from George Ogilvy of Dunlugus, to the Hume of Wedderburn family. The rights included the keeping of Berwick Castle, which had not been in Scottish hands since 1482. Fast Castle had been a possession of Coldingham Priory, but after 1598 the lands of the Priory were annexed to the crown, and so <mask> now held Fastcastle and Flemington directly from the crown. On 5 April 1603, James VI of Scotland raised the status of the Restalrig estate into a free barony, which gave <mask> extra jurisdictions over his tenants. Loyalties and the exiled Queen
During the Scottish civil war in 1573, <mask> supported Mary, Queen of Scots by joining William Kirkcaldy of Grange in defending Edinburgh Castle in the Queen's name. On 29 July 1586, he wrote from Restalrig to Archibald Douglas in London, offering his service to Francis Walsingham. <mask> conveyed letters secretly from England for the Master of Gray.James VI had hoped that Archibald Douglas, a Scotsman resident in London, but not an accredited ambassador, might be able to intervene and save his mother from execution after the revelation of the Babington plot in 1586. The Master of Gray and Logan corresponded with Douglas on this unofficial diplomacy. The Master of Gray's letters show that he was reluctant to become involved in a project with such doubtful outcomes, but he sent <mask> to Douglas in December 1586. After he returned to Fast Castle, <mask> wrote back to Douglas on 25 February 1587. By now Mary had been executed and James VI was angry with Gray's actions, and <mask> told Douglas not to write to Gray anymore:"he wryt to me, desirenge me to wryt to your Lordship that ye shuld wryt no moir to hem, for your letters doithe hem very muche harme, and he was no thenge the wisar of your intelligens. It is indeid of treuthe that the Kinge is in greit anger at you and altogither be Williame Keithe and James Hetson's informatioune, and thinks ye have done hem wronge... His Majesty taks the daithe of his mother very hevely, and hes, for that cause, retirit hemself to Dalkethe for the space of 10 days in quyet. "Modernised: "he wrote to me, desiring me to write to your lordship that you should write no more to him, for your letters do him very much harm, and he was nothing the wiser from your intelligence.It is indeed of truth that the King is in great anger at you, and altogether by William Keith and James Hudson's information, and thinks you have done him wrong  ... His Majesty takes the death of his mother very heavily, and has for that cause, retired himself to Dalkeith Palace for the space of 10 days in quiet." In May 1590 one of his daughters was baptised at Fast Castle and the Earl of Bothwell and Lord Home attended. <mask> died before May 1608, the last of his line. <mask> died with adult and minor children, but none were allowed to inherit his lands. His minor children were later allowed to own land, but not that land of their father. <mask> and the Gowrie House affair
<mask> was implicated in an alleged attempt to abduct James VI of Scotland by John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, at Perth on 4 August 1600, by the confession of George Sprot of Eyemouth. In 1608, after <mask>'s death, Sprot confessed he had seen letters from Gowrie to <mask> at Fast Castle and Gunnisgreen.Sprot understood from <mask>'s servant that if the king was successfully abducted, <mask> would be rewarded with the gift of Dirleton Castle. Sprot described a letter signed "Restalrig" which he claimed was written by <mask> to Gowrie, which he had obtained from <mask>'s illiterate servant, James Bour of Auchencrow. <mask> offered Gowrie and his brother the use of Fast Castle to settle their plot. He recommended that "the matter" be settled soon at the King's buck hunting. In this letter, <mask> said the matter in hand was like a strange tale of a gentleman of Padua. George Sprot was hanged at the Market Cross of Edinburgh for foreknowledge of the conspiracy on 12 August 1608. The story was doubted at the time, Sprot having first withdrawn his confession, John Spottiswoode who was present at Sprot's hanging thought his tale, "a meer invention of the man's own brain."Spottiswoode did not think it likely that Gowrie would have plotted with <mask>. George Sprot had been connected with <mask>, if only because the lawyer had signed as a witness to some of <mask>'s property transactions. In 1609 the lands and properties of the <mask> family were forfeited by the Parliament of Scotland, including <mask> of Restalrig's eldest son, also called <mask>. The records of Parliament include the text of five alleged letters from <mask> to the Earl of Gowrie. In 1609 the King's advocate Thomas Hamilton wrote that credible witnesses including kirk ministers and others recognised <mask>'s handwriting in the "treasonable missives". Alexander Watson, minister of Coldingham testified that the spelling and hand of the letters was that of <mask>. Watson made detailed comment on the habits of <mask>'s orthography.References

External links

1600 in Scotland
1550s births
1606 deaths
16th-century Scottish people
Nobility from Edinburgh

masks:
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Robert
Logan
Logan
Robert Logan
Robert
Robert
Logan
Robert
Robert Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Logan
Robert Logan
Robert Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Robert Logan
Logan
Logan
Robert
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Robert
Robert Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan


title: Abz Love

texts:
Richard Abidin Breen (born 29 June 1979), better known as <mask>, is an English rapper, singer, songwriter, DJ, producer and TV personality. <mask> was a member and the lead singer of the boy band Five. In 2003, <mask> released his debut solo album Abstract Theory, which earned him a further three top-ten hits. After years out of the spotlight, <mask> featured on ITV2's The Big Reunion in 2012. In 2013 he appeared on All Star Mr & Mrs and became the runner-up for Channel 5's Celebrity Big Brother 12. In 2015, <mask> starred in BBC Two's documentary series Country Strife: Abz on the Farm, followed by a Christmas special titled Country Strife: Abz on the Christmas Farm. Early life
On 29 June 1979, <mask> was born in London to Turkish father Turan Sanveren and Irish mother Kathleen Breen.<mask> was raised on a council estate in Hackney, East London where he was brought up with Welsh rude boys until he left home at 16 to join boyband Five. He won a scholarship to attend the Italia Conti Stage School where he studied acting, knitting and makeup. One day his teacher suggested he audition for a boy band that was being put together by Simon Cowell. After performing in front of Cowell and a panel of managers, <mask> was chosen from over 3,000 auditionees to be in the band Five (also known as 5ive), which went on to have international success winning a Brit Award for Best Pop Act 2000, an MTV award and ASCAP awards for songwriting. <mask> and fellow Five members Jason "J" Brown and Sean Conlon were involved in writing many of the band's hits such as "Everybody Get Up", "Keep On Movin'" and "If Ya Gettin' Down". Career

1997–2001: Career with Five
Five (stylised as 5ive) were a successful British boy band in the '90s consisting of members Richard Abidin <mask> (Abz), Jason Brown (J), Sean Conlon, Ritchie Neville, and Scott Robinson. Formed in 1997 by father/son management team Bob Herbert and Chris Herbert of Safe Management, the same team that originally formed the Spice Girls, the band went on to be signed by music industry boss and A&R Simon Cowell, who at the time was a music executive at Sony BMG.Based on current BPI certifications, Five have sold over 1.6 million albums and 2 million singles in the UK alone. The band split up on 27 September 2001 when new father Robinson convinced the other members to take a break. <mask> has since stated on ITV's The Big Reunion that he "did not want the band to split and wanted to continue", saying "It felt like they were taking something away from me". 2001–2003: Solo career and debut album
After Five split, <mask> was signed to Sony BMG by Simon Cowell as a solo artist and became the only band member to release a solo album. Abstract Theory had three top 10 hits on the UK Singles Chart with "What You Got" ( 4), "Stop Sign" (No. 10), and "Miss Perfect" (No. 5).Plans for "7 Ways" as the fourth single were scrapped despite the fact a music video was filmed for it. Abstract Theory reached No. 29 on the UK Albums Chart, leading him to be dropped by Sony in December 2003. 2012–2013: The Big Reunion and Celebrity Big Brother 12
On 18 October 2012, it was revealed via Twitter that Five would be taking part in an ITV2 documentary series called The Big Reunion, which also featured Atomic Kitten, Blue, 911, Honeyz, B*witched and Liberty X and followed their journey as they prepared for a comeback show at Hammersmith Apollo. The Big Reunion aired in January 2013 and was an unexpected hit for ITV2, with each episode averaging 1 million viewers. The show revealed what had happened to the bands after finding fame, with Five's stories, both as a band and as individuals, heavily featured on the show. In episode 4, <mask> gave the audience a tour of his vegetable garden and showed off his "curly carrots", which subsequently trended on Twitter.<mask>'s eccentric choices of headwear, particularly his "rainbow unicorn hat", garnered him attention from fans. <mask> entered the Celebrity Big Brother house on 22 August 2013. When asked by presenter Emma Willis why he was doing the show, he responded, "I need a home cos I'm currently living with my aunty Wendy". While <mask> has never confirmed how much he was paid to do the show, it has been speculated that he was offered a £100,000 fee. Whilst in the house, <mask> confessed in the diary room that he has Asperger's syndrome, a mild form of autism. On 13 September, <mask> was announced as the CBB12 runner-up, behind Charlotte Crosby. 2014: Leaving Five via Twitter
In August 2014 <mask> announced via Twitter that he had left Five, stating: "As of today I am no longer a member of 5ive, thank you to all the fans who supported.I love you all"." Since <mask>'s exit, his former bandmates continue to tour nightclubs as a three-piece using the name Five. 2015: Country Strife: Abz on the Farm
After a brief attempt at rural living in Lincolnshire from 2011 to 2013, <mask> decided to buy a smallholding in rural Wales with his partner and manager Vicky Fallon. Fallon felt that <mask>'s transition to farmer would make for entertaining viewing, so she contacted executive producer and owner of Norfolk-based production company Tin Can Island, Andrea Cornes. Cornes presented the project to Tom Mcdonald at BBC2, who commissioned the series. The docu-series Country Strife: Abz on the Farm aired on BBC Two in August 2015, with the BBC camera crew following the couple's journey throughout 2014 as they purchased a dilapidated smallholding and adjusted to rural life on a budget. BBC Two were criticised by some viewers for <mask>'s appearance on the channel, which was felt to be at odds with the majority of their content, but <mask> became a cult hit with viewers and critics alike.On 8 September 2015, <mask> put his Brit Award for Best Pop Act 2000 up for auction on eBay. The morning the auction went live he announced his plans on The Wright Stuff, explaining that he hoped to raise some funds for "topsoil and some gardening tools" for his farm. The bidding started at 99p and Abz constructed a tongue-in-cheek item description to go with the award. The high level of media interest in the auction resulted in bids rapidly rising, eventually reaching over £1 million. <mask> was reportedly made several offers to end the auction early (including a Ferrari sports car), but turned them down believing that the 1 million bid was real. The day before the auction ended eBay's fraud squad cancelled the account, denying him the chance to see if the top bid was genuine. In January 2016, Abz released his first solo single in over a decade, a comedy track called "Cockadoodledoo" with the hope of raising money for his farming project.2019–present: Boyz on Block
Since 2019 he has been part of the supergroup called Boyz on Block, composed of Another Level's Dane Bowers, Boyzone's Shane Lynch and Phats & Small's Ben Ofoedu. On 20 November 2020, the group released their first single, a cover of East 17's 1994 single "Stay Another Day". The version features Tony Mortimer. They released their second single during February 2021 which was a cover of K-Ci & JoJo's song All My Life. Neither single appeared in the UK Official Charts. On 27 October 2021, Channel 4 announced <mask> would be taking part in the tenth series of Celebs Go Dating, alongside Ulrika Jonsson, Ryan-Mark Parsons, Miles Nazaire, Chloe Brockett, Nikita Jasmine, Marty McKenna and Jessika Power. The series began airing in January 2022.Personal life
<mask> dated singer/songwriter Vicky Fallon starting in 2009 and the couple were subsequently engaged. They split in 2017. In October 2014 <mask> bought a dilapidated smallholding in Carmarthenshire, Wales. Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Featured

References

External links

 Official website
 Abz <mask> on Twitter
 Abz Love on Facebook
 Abz on the farm (TV Show) on Facebook
 Love Farm on Facebook
 Abz <mask> on IMDb

1979 births
Living people
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
English male rappers
English male singers
English people of Irish descent
English people of Turkish descent
English pop singers
British contemporary R&B singers
Five (band) members
People from Hackney Central
People with Asperger syndrome
Rappers from London
Singers from London
Sony Music Publishing artists

masks:
Az Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love


title: Thomas S. Hinde

texts:
<mask> (April 19, 1785 – February 9, 1846) was an American newspaper editor, opponent of slavery, author, historian, real estate investor, Methodist minister and a founder of the city of Mount Carmel, Illinois. Members of the <mask> family were prominent in Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois. His sons Charles T<mask> became a shipping magnate and Edmund C<mask> an adventurer. He was the father-in-law of judge Charles H. Constable. <mask> was an active businessman, pursuing real estate, construction, and publishing opportunities in Kentucky, Ohio and Illinois. In his early years, Hinde publicly opposed slavery. He also used his newspaper, The Fredonian, in Chillicothe, Ohio between 1806 and 1808, to highlight issues about Indian treaties and the conspiracy of Aaron Burr.He served in the War of 1812. In later years he was a pioneer in the settlement of Indiana and Illinois, and the expansion of the Methodist Episcopal Church in these areas. He contributed to the Madoc Tradition and was a noted historian and biographer. <mask> cofounded the Wabash Navigation Company, which engaged in real estate speculation and dam construction. The company dammed the Wabash River next to <mask>'s property, creating the Grand Rapids Dam. The dam was abandoned by the Federal government in 1931. <mask> was an ordained Methodist minister and traveled extensively to advance the interests of the church.He was a pioneering circuit rider in the early 1800s in Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Hinde wrote and published religious articles in many leading publications. Francis Asbury, one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, considered Hinde important to the church. He frequently met with him and mentioned him in his journals. Historian Lyman Draper spent more than twenty years collecting documents by and about the <mask> family, along with papers of other important figures of the Trans-Allegheny West. The Draper Manuscript Collection at the Wisconsin Historical Society holds 47 volumes of Hinde's personal papers, donated by his family after his death. Early years
<mask><mask> was born April 19, 1785 in Hanover County, Virginia, to <mask> (1737–1828) and Mary Todd Hubbard (1734–1830), as the seventh of eight children.His father was an English doctor who served as a physician to Patrick Henry and General James Wolfe. Little is known about <mask>'s early years except that the family moved from Virginia to Newport, Kentucky, in 1797 when his father was awarded a land grant of  for his services in the American Revolutionary War. In a letter to President James Madison many years later, Hinde related that while walking to school in the wilderness of Kentucky, he once successfully fought off a wolf and a panther. Daniel Boone and <mask> were neighbors of the Hinde family while they lived in Kentucky, and the three men grew up as colleagues. One of <mask>'s sisters married <mask>; his nephews William Wright <mask> and William Taylor became prominent lawyers and politicians. After a conversion by his mother Mary and older sister <mask> in 1798, all of Hinde's family, including his father, converted to Christianity as Methodists. <mask> delayed a while.Shortly afterward the younger <mask> became close friends with Francis Asbury, who became a prominent bishop in the church. <mask> later described the conversion of his youngest sister, Martha Harrison <mask>, in an 1827 article published in the Methodist Review under his pen name, Theophilus Arminius. <mask> recounted Bishop Asbury visiting his father's home in 1803 and telling Martha that she had better find God, because before he could meet her again she would be dead. The bishop's prophecy came true when Martha died in 1811 without having seen Asbury again. <mask> said she had converted before her death and tried to convert the nonbelievers in the room while on her deathbed. He shared a letter in which his sister had tried to convert her close friends. <mask> named his first daughter after his late sister Martha.<mask> did not immediately convert but attended Methodist camp meetings of the period. During his life, he frequently wrote about the importance of the camp meeting in bringing Christianity and democracy to the west. In 1801, <mask> got a job as deputy clerk for the Kentucky Court of Appeals. William Kavanaugh, the husband of Hinde's older sister Hannah, assigned him to <mask> of Frankfort. He received a good legal education with <mask>d, who was Clerk of the Court of Appeals. During this time, Hinde became acquainted with many of the state's leading men, and acquired a knowledge of the law. He also developed a reputation as one of Kentucky's most efficient businessmen.Hinde wrote to Henry Clay that he was the first lawyer whom Hinde heard address a court. Hinde resided in a boarding house, shared with many of the leading judges and politicians of the day, where he strengthened his personal and political contacts. Newspaper publisher
From an early age, Hinde opposed slavery. Although their parents owned slaves, he and his siblings repudiated slavery on religious grounds. <mask>'s opposition increased and eventually he and other friends became outspoken critics of the institution in Kentucky, where slavery was commonplace in the middle and western parts of the state. In the Great Awakening, Methodists were prominent among those who opposed slavery, although they also converted slaves and welcomed them into congregations. In Kentucky Hinde joined other Methodist ministers in the abolitionist movement.In a letter to President Madison, <mask> attributed his opposition to slavery to the influence of his mother. He wrote:
In 1805, Messrs. Wood and Street, from Richmond, Va., found their way to Kentucky. Friendly considerations led me to patronize them. This was done through the solicitations of a young friend from Virginia. They commenced a paper, published in 1806, called the 'Western World.' Imbibing strong prejudices against slavery, perhaps from my mother's repeating, in my infancy, the nurse's songs composed by Cowper, designed to make such impressions. In June 1806, to the great astonishment of my friends, I left Kentucky, with all the flattering prospects a youth could have, and hastened to Ohio.Connecting circumstances, and from hints that fell from Wood and others, a deep impression had been made on my mind, that an eventful period was fast approaching. Because of the slavery issue, in 1806 <mask> moved from Kentucky to Chillicothe in the free state of Ohio. In partnership with his brother-in-law R.D. Richardson, beginning in 1806, he edited and published a newspaper titled the Fredonian. Fredonian was a sonorous name for "a citizen of the United States". In later years it was applied to an American-inspired rebellion to separate Texas from Mexico. From early in his career, <mask> fought the projects of Aaron Burr.He collected and published material in The Fredonian related to what he said was Burr's conspiracy to overthrow the US government. <mask> sent the evidence to Henry Clay, a longtime friend of his family and later secretary of state, but the papers disappeared. While working at the Kentucky Court of Appeals, Hinde had developed a close relationship with George Madison and his nephew John Madison. In 1829 Hinde wrote to their relation, President James Madison, to provide him with information about the Burr conspiracy for a political history the president was said to be writing. Madison denied the project, but asked <mask> to send copies of The Fredonian to include in his presidential papers. Hinde sent newspaper issues dealing with the Burr Conspiracy. The copies of the newspaper were filed with the President's papers.After moving to Ohio, Hinde was unanimously elected by the Ohio House of Representatives to the position of clerk pro tempore. He held the position for three years before shifting to focus on his successful speculation in military lands. Marriages and family
On October 19, 1809, with minister William Lynes officiating, Hinde at the age of 24 married  Belinda Bradford, the daughter of the late James Bradford, in Hamilton County, Ohio. His father-in-law was a descendant of William Bradford of Plymouth Colony. He had been killed in 1791 in St. Clair's Defeat, and buried in Fort Recovery. <mask> and Belinda had three children: James B., John Madison, and Martha. The second son was named after Hinde's friend John Madison, a nephew of George Madison and a relative of James Madison.The daughter Martha married Charles H. Constable, who became a prominent Illinois politician. He is notable for his decision as judge to allow four Union deserters to go free during the Civil War. Belinda died in 1827. In 1828, <mask> married <mask> (Daugherty) Cavileer. They had three children: Edmund C., Charles T. and Belinda. Edmund was a pioneer who participated in the California Gold Rush; after his death, his journals were published. Charles became a business tycoon in Southern California, playing a pivotal role in its development through his shipping expertise.Belinda married Jacob Zimmerman, a successful newspaper editor and owner who in later years held a number of political offices in Illinois. Conversion to Methodism

<mask> was involved with the newspaper for less than two years. He converted from Deism to Methodism and decided that operating a political journal conflicted with his new religious views. After retiring from the newspaper business, he engaged in locating military lands and in land speculation. For the rest of his life, Hinde published editorials in newspapers and religious publications. He organized several camp meetings with other preachers, saying that the camp meeting could unite the different Protestant denominations. At times, Francis Asbury ventured into the wilderness to visit Hinde.An 1856 account states,
In 1810 Bishop Asbury visited an obscure part of the western country (Kanawha) which was then a wilderness, and pleasantly told the Rev. <mask><mask> that he had visited the region in order that the people might see and know their superintendent; remarking, "The shepherd ought to know the flock, and the flock the shepherd: they ought to know what man it is that governs them, and I have come nearly one hundred miles out of my way to see them." The writer exclaims, "O Asbury, the inhabitants of these hills and mountains will long make mention of thee!" <mask> is thought to have received his license to preach sometime around 1810. His first sermon was in Chillicothe in either 1807 or 1808, and people were so eager to hear him that they filled the church. The sermon was described as having "...no coherence in his discourse." During the sermon, <mask> repeatedly stated, "My bowels, my bowels!"According to a 19th-century account,
As a preacher, he was rather eccentric. He was not very fluent and gifted as a speaker, but had the power of engaging the attention of his hearers, and was very successful and useful in a revival of religion. He entertained rather singular views on the subject of the orders in the ministry, objecting to the order of deacons, and holding that the eldership is the only true order. In consequence of these peculiar views, he would never consent to be ordained a deacon, and therefore never entered into orders at all. <mask> became a circuit rider in the early 1800s. While his circuit varied over the years, he served large portions of Kentucky, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Much of the territory he covered was generally lawless, violent and dangerous.Circuit riders served numerous churches and were supposed to plant new ones in new or underserved communities. They were critical to the development of the frontier. An avid writer, <mask> wrote mostly about Methodism and church songs. He wrote a popular hymnal entitled The Pilgrams' songster; or, A choice collection of spiritual songs, which was said to have sold more than 10,000 copies. Rev. <mask><mask> was said to be, "...exceedingly earnest, and very zealous in promoting the interests of the Church and of religion and morality. His zeal, however, was rather of the ascetic kind; and he usually took prominent part in the arraignment and trial of brethren accused of offenses."He was quoted as saying that he was,"...doing God service." Indian affairs

Growing up in Kentucky in the late 1790s, <mask> learned of the danger of Indian attacks. After moving to Chillicothe, he became interested in prehistoric Indian sites. In a letter to President James Madison, he mentioned taking friends to Windship's mound (now the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park), but focused on his opposition to slavery, saying he called
their attention to the surrounding scenery, my former pursuits, my friends, my country, my prospects—all these had been abandoned for the pride of opinion, against the entailment and perpetuation of slavery upon the rising generation! I remember their looks when I remarked, that after all, (pointing to the sun eclipsed,) I spoke of the gloom that overshadowed my future prospects! Hinde purchased property from William Mc'Intosh near the Wabash River, an area that had been a Piankashaw Indian campground. It contained numerous earthwork mounds built by cultures that predated the Piankashaw.Hinde met the Shawnee chief Tecumseh in Chillicothe and in Vincennes, Indiana, during either the 1810 or the 1811 meeting between Tecumseh and William Henry Harrison at Grouseland. Hinde also met prominent Shawnee Blue Jacket and reported on him for the local newspapers. One source says that Hinde played a crucial role in negotiating early Indian treaties signed with the United States government, without defining his actions. War of 1812

Hinde served in the U.S. Army in the War of 1812 under William Henry Harrison, then governor of the Indiana Territory. Both from Virginia families, the two men were close in age. Hinde was made responsible for prisoners of war starting in 1813, when he was about 27 or 28 years old. Hinde served under Captain Oliver Hazard Perry, who was the commander at the Battle of Lake Erie.Captain Perry's decisive victory ensured American control of the lake, improved American morale after a series of defeats, and compelled the British to fall back from Detroit. In 1813, <mask> was placed in charge of prisoners captured at this battle. Founding Mount Carmel

In the early 1800s, <mask> purchased large land holdings in what would become Wabash County, Illinois. In 1817, he, William McDowell and William Beauchamp collectively founded the city of Mount Carmel, Illinois. All three men were ministers. They chose the Biblical name "Mount Carmel", because it meant "the garden of the Lord" and was a historic city in Palestine. According to one source:

Hinde donated the majority of the land for the

masks:
Thomas Spottswood Hinde
Hinde
. Hinde
. Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Thomas S
. Hinde
Thomas Hinde
Hinde
Simon Kenton
Hinde
Richard Southgate
Southgate
Susannah
Thomas
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Achilles Sneed
Snee
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Sarah Neal
Hinde
Thomas S
. Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Thomas S
. Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde


title: Thomas S. Hinde

texts:
 city.Shortly after it was incorporated, he gave permission for city residents to use part of his land near the Wabash River as a "commons" for livestock. <mask>, Beauchamp and McDowell were granted permission by the legislature to establish a ferry on <mask>'s land at the river. During this time <mask> did the primary survey work for the Grand Rapids Dam on the river. According to a local history published in 1883, he was believed to reside in a house located on the "bluff" in Mount Carmel. In letters to Congress written in the 1820s, <mask> said that he resided near the Grand Rapids Dam. He wrote a poem about Mount Carmel and had it published in Ohio. Originally, Mount Carmel was located in Edwards County.After a drought in 1820 killed a majority of the settlers, the county seat was moved from Palmyra, Illinois to Albion. At that time Albion was settled primarily by English immigrants. The Americans from Mount Carmel and surrounding settlements were resentful and tried to return the county seat to Mount Carmel by force. During the bickering for the county seat location, <mask> ran for county commissioner in 1821 against John Buckles, receiving only two votes against Buckles' 151. In 1822 Hinde ran for the office of Illinois House of Representatives and narrowly lost to Gilbert T. Pell. On December 24, 1824 the Illinois Legislature resolved the county seat issue by creating Wabash County from the eastern half of Edwards County. Based on newspaper accounts, the lots held by Hinde did not sell quickly.More than 27 years after having developed the plans for Mount Carmel, <mask> was still advertising lots for sale there in national newspapers. In one advertisement <mask> said, "The place I offer is midway between St. Louis and Louisville and the next improvement will be the completion of the railroad connecting the two places, and a dam across the Great Wabash, at the Grand Rapids, at the junction of the White, Patoka, and Wabash, giving the greatest water power in the great West." Another source notes that <mask> and other founders "...may have been over zealous and puritanical in the construction of their laws... no theater or play-house shall ever be built within the boundary of the city; no person shall be guilty of drunkenness, profanity, sabbath-breaking, and many other offenses of greater magnitude, etc., he shall be subject to trial by the court of Mayor and on conviction, was disqualified from holding any office in the city, or the bank; was disqualified to vote; ostracism was to continue for three years after the commission of the so-called crimes." Around 1825, <mask> settled in Mount Carmel, leaving the Methodist circuit to focus on religious and historical writing, and business. He founded one of the first churches in the town and occasionally held Methodist gatherings at his home. On September 20, 1827 more than 27 Methodist ministers met in the upper room of his house. It was one of the largest gatherings of the time.Real estate disputes
After his father died in 1828, <mask> inherited real estate in Kentucky. Shortly thereafter, he began investing in real estate in Ohio. Property titles were frequently complicated in this period due to turnover of military lands, as well as issues related to acquisition of former Native American lands. Several of his Ohio property disputes reached the Supreme Court of the United States, including <mask> v. Vattier and Mallow v. Hinde. Johnson v. M'Intosh
William M'Intosh was a former Revolutionary War veteran who had become a fur trader and investor in military lands along the Wabash River. <mask> and M'Intosh lived on adjoining tracts of land near what would become the site of the Grand Rapids Dam. M'Intosh became associated with the Supreme Court Case of Johnson v. M'Intosh.Chief Justice John Marshall, an acquaintance of <mask> and his father, used the case to establish the "Discovery Doctrine," which ruled that the discovering people gain title over the indigenous peoples in respect to land title. <mask> also knew Associate Justice <mask>, a justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals when <mask> served as the court's clerk. In the case, in which Johnson and M'Intosh were claiming title to the same property, the Supreme Court ruled that private citizens could not purchase land from Native Americans, and therefore the plaintiff Johnson's land purchases were invalid. M'Intosh's land purchases from the Federal government were affirmed as legal. <mask> purchased a portion of M'Intosh's litigated property not long after the litigation. Correspondence between <mask> and M'Intosh discussing land sales form part of the Hinde documents at the Lyman Draper Manuscripts Collection in the Wisconsin Historical Society. Due to the favorable ruling in the case, <mask> benefited greatly because of his large land holdings in the area.After the ruling had settled ownership issues between the Indians and settlers, <mask> founded the towns of Mt. Carmel, Powhaten, and Selima in the Illinois territory. <mask> v. Vattier
One of <mask>'s own real estate disputes was based on property he owned in Cincinnati. The dispute was between the <mask> family and Charles Vattier. Vattier was a known scam artist and underworld giant in Cincinnati. One source described Vattier as owning "...a gambling empire, including grog shops, Bawdy houses and taverns." Vattier was involved in a number of other fraudulent real estate schemes with other people in Ohio.In 1807 Vattier was convicted of burglary and larceny for stealing large sums of money from James Findlay, Receiver of Public Monies for the District of Cincinnati. <mask> knew Findlay since they were both involved in exposing the Burr conspiracy and both were prominent in Ohio. Allegedly, Vattier had tried to take title to a piece of property in Cincinnati already owned by the <mask> family. <mask> challenged Vattier in court. Henry Clay represented Hinde in the Ohio State Court proceedings. <mask> claimed that Vattier tried to use the lot to pay Findlay by claiming to have a bill of sale and title that was superior to the <mask> family. After more than fifteen years, the case reached the United States Supreme Court in 1833.The Court ruled that Vattier took title to the property illegally and that the property belonged to <mask> and his children. Originally owned by <mask>'s father-in-law, James Bradford, after his death the property passed to <mask>'s wife, Belinda (Bradford) <mask>. Wabash Navigation Company

In 1825, Hinde joined the Wabash Navigation Company. Seventeen members of the company came from prominent families in Indiana and Illinois. The company had capital of more than $1 million. <mask> was one of the company's first nine directors and remained active until his death. The company charter was eventually approved by both the Illinois and Indiana legislatures.The company built a dam next to land <mask> owned. In a letter to Congress in 1842, <mask> stated that his goal was to connect the Wabash River with the Maumee River that flowed to Lake Erie. He cited in support the opinion of unnamed hunters and traders and George Washington's hope of connecting the waters of the east with the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. <mask> also declared, "...I have seen the whole wilderness of the West subdued and savages and wild beasts or prey receding before civilization and enterprise." He said that, on the Wabash from the Grand Rapids to Terre Haute, steamboats could navigate almost all year; therefore it was essential to connect the river to the Ohio. He also suggested that an armory should be built by the U.S. Government next to the proposed dam. Dr. John Lescher was a business partner and friend of <mask><mask>.Both men invested in the Wabash Navigation Company. Lescher later joined <mask>'s children in a lawsuit against the company. Not long after the death of <mask>, his son James and his son-in-law Charles H. Constable joined with Lescher and sued the company for entering their land and taking timber and other materials for the construction of dam. But, the company's charter permitted them to enter the land and take construction material without the owner's consent, forcing the owner to seek legal redress. The court ordered compensation. A letter written by Jacob Lescher in 1841 and submitted to Congress in support of the Grand Rapids Dam project and the building of a U.S. Armory, stated that he and <mask> owned more than  acres of land around the proposed dam site. Additional information submitted to Congress stated that the town of Powhatan was owned by <mask> and Lescher and was a "river addition" to Mount Carmel.The location of the town of Selima was not clearly stated, but was near the dam. <mask> did the original surveying for Grand Rapids Dam. The wooden timber dam deteriorated and needed to be replaced in the late nineteenth century. On September 19, 1890, Congress appropriated money for the construction of a new dam, to be built by the Army Corps of Engineers. The report stated that the old dam had partially washed away and that the new dam would raise the water level by 11.5 feet. According to an annual report to the Secretary of War in 1908, the mid-19th century lock and dam were "...not of a substantial character....," and "...rapidly deteriorated and became useless." The same report said that by March 31, 1881 expenditures for the dam were $317,845.44 and the government was forced to pay the Wabash Navigation Company an additional $7,000 to extinguish their franchise and purchase their property.Later years and legacy

<mask> settled in Mount Carmel toward the end of his life. During <mask>'s final years, he was an active letter writer and watched over his many business and real estate interests. <mask> was prominent in church and Illinois society and compiled many documents and interviews. During his later years, he shared much of this information with various writers and publications. In his later writings, <mask> espoused some questionable theories such as the Hollow Earth theory and the Madoc tradition. <mask> was published in the Methodist Magazine, the "Short Sketches of Revivals of Religion in the Western Country" (incomplete), the Advocate and Journal (New York) and the Western Christian Advocate (Cincinnati). His writings have been described as, "...abound[ing] in vague philosophical and religious reflections-- this is especially true of his diaries-- thus making them of slight value...."

<mask> dedicated a substantial amount of time to investigating the Madoc Tradition in North America.Madoc or Madog ab Owain Gwynedd was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who sailed to America in 1170, more than 300 years before Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492. <mask> interviewed hundreds of individuals on the topic. In 1824, <mask> wrote a letter to John S. Williams, editor of The American Pioneer regarding the Madoc Tradition. He claimed to have testimony from numerous sources that said Welsh people under Owen Ap Zuinch had come to America in the twelfth century, over 300 years before Christopher Columbus. <mask> claimed that in 1799, the remains of six soldiers had been dug up near Jeffersonville, Indiana with breastplates containing Welsh coats of arms. In 1799, <mask>, the first governor of Tennessee, also wrote of the alleged discovery of six skeletons in brass armor bearing Welsh coat-of-arms. <mask> claimed that M'Intosh recounted that American Indians and Welshmen living on the Mississippi River were conversing in Welsh in the late 1700s.In an 1842 letter <mask> stated, "I have just returned from the East, having visited the Atlantic cities generally for the first time, after forty-five years pioneering in the wilderness of the West. I have been three time a citizen of Kentucky, twice of Ohio, and twice of Illinois." After returning from the visit, <mask> claimed that eastern ministers were unsuccessful because they underrated the people of the West. He said,

A large collection of <mask>'s diaries are held among the Lyman Draper Manuscripts in the Wisconsin Historical Society. In his diaries <mask> stated that he supported the Hollow Earth theory. Throughout his life Hinde maintained correspondence with many of the prominent men of the day. His correspondents included James Madison, George Madison, <mask>, Henry Clay, <mask>, Daniel Boone, and John Marshall.Death
<mask> was sick a few days before dying from "winter fever." <mask> is buried in Sandhill Cemetery in Mount Carmel next to his daughter Belinda and his second wife, <mask> Cavileer Neal. The wrought iron fence surrounding their graves was paid for by his son Charles in the early 1900s. Since he died at a relatively early age and his wife died shortly after him, his orphaned children were forced to live with other relatives or fend for themselves. Martha married Judge Charles H. Constable; together they looked after many of her younger siblings until they married or found work. Her brother <mask> became a successful businessman and riverboat captain. One of Captain <mask>'s accomplishments was investing in the Hotel del Coronado in San Diego, California.<mask>'s grandson, Frederick Zimmerman, built the Grand Rapids Hotel on the Hinde family farm in Mount Carmel near the Grand Rapids Dam and Hanging Rock. References

 Discusses Charles T<mask>, one of the silent investors of the Hotel del Coronado and how the Hotel del Coronado influenced the Grand Rapids Hotel in Wabash County, Illinois. External links
 City of Mount Carmel Website
 32 U.S. 252

1785 births
1846 deaths
American city founders
American real estate businesspeople
American surveyors
American explorers
American folklore
American pioneers
American hunters
People from Kentucky
American people of English descent
Tall tales
Hollow Earth proponents
American Methodist missionaries
Clergy in the American Revolution
Appalachian culture
19th-century Methodist bishops
Methodist circuit riders
19th-century American bishops
Methodist missionaries in the United States
American diarists
American Methodist Episcopal bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
History of Methodism in the United States
English Methodist missionaries
Methodist theologians
History of Methodism
Wabash River
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
Historians of the United States
History of the Midwestern United States
19th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
American newspaper publishers (people)
American abolitionists
United States Army personnel of the War of 1812
American religious leaders
People from Hanover County, Virginia
William Henry Harrison
American company founders
Deaths from pneumonia in Illinois
People from Mount Carmel, Illinois
Mount Carmel, Illinois
Methodist abolitionists
American male non-fiction

masks:
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Thomas Todd
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Thomas S
. Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
John Sevier
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
Thomas Jefferson
Simon Kenton
Hinde
Hinde
Sarah Doughty
Charles Hinde
Hinde
Hinde
. Hinde


title: Marco Basaiti

texts:
<mask> (c. 1470–1530) was a Renaissance painter who worked mainly in Venice and was a contemporary of Giovanni Bellini and Cima da Conegliano. He has been referred to by several names including <mask>, Marcus Basitus, and Marcus Baxiti. (Vasari believed that <mask> and <mask> were two artists, but later information reveals that these two were in fact the same painter.) There is little documentation on <mask> besides his painting signatures and a guild's ledger of 1530 ithat records him as a painter of figures. His works are mainly portraits and often focused on religious themes. There is no known painting attributed to <mask> with a mythological theme. Although trained in the quattrocento style, <mask>'s career began right at the beginning of the cinquecento style which forced him to attempt to adapt his style to stay current.Personal life, training, and influence
<mask> was born around 1470, in either Venice or Friuli. His family was of either of Albanian or possibly Greek origin, as Vasari reported. In either case this explains the variety of names Basaiti is known by because the Greek and Albanian communities, and other foreign communities, for the most part kept to themselves and do not often appear on Venetian records. A will dated 1526 may provide evidence of his family, but the connection between Basaiti and this will is debated. Due to this lack of documentation, not much is known about Basaiti's life, except what scholars can learn about the artist through his art. There is evidence that Basaiti trained with Bartolomeo Vivarini as Basaiti's earlier pieces are thought to reflect Bartolomeo's style and composition. After Bartolomeo died in the late 1490s, it is thought that Basaiti began working with Alvise Vivarini, Bartolomeo's nephew.This is supported by the fact that when Alvise died in 1505, Basaiti was commissioned to finish the altar piece entitled St. Ambrose Enthroned with Saints that Alvise had left uncompleted. Typically only major assistants working in the studio would have been asked to do this type of work which suggests that Basaiti was closely connected to Alvise by this time. Additionally, Basaiti's work seems to be influenced stylistically by both Vivarinis, further implying the link between Basaiti and these two masters. Basaiti was influenced by a variety of great artists that lived during this era. For example, he began to incorporate more extensive landscapes into his backgrounds, taking inspiration from Giovanni Bellini. In fact, some of Bellini’s older works were misattributed to Basaiti for a long period of time. Another likely influence for Basaiti’s more complex backgrounds is the work of Netherlandish painters.Specifically, it has been noted that after Albrecht Dürer’s stay in Venice, <mask>’s style shifted somewhat towards more complex and dramatic landscapes with less of an emphasis on the figures in the painting. This style can be seen in the Lamentation over the Dead Christ and St. Jerome in the Wilderness. The latter is thought to be a copy of a painting by Cima da Conegliano which presents yet one more important artistic influence in <mask>’s life. For the most part Basaiti focused on religious themes rarely delving into mythological or historical topics. Despite this his style seems fairly contemporary with complex composition and correct proportions. Early period (1495–1510)

More than half of Basaiti's known works come from this first period in his painting career. This period comes right after his training and is marked by a constantly changing style as Basaiti experiments with his art to find his own personal style.This era is marked by the Portrait of a Young Man (1495) which represents his first finished piece as an independent painter. Stylistically there are strong influences from his two proposed mentors in the composition of his paintings, with Bartolomeo specifically influencing his figure design. Notable features of the Antonellian include strong geometric forms and sharp contrast in lighting. Furthermore, in accordance with the style of his proposed masters, Basaiti’s paintings often feature brightly colored clothing and cool skin tones. Indeed, <mask>’s early works are very like some of Alvise’s established disciples such as Jacopo da Valenza which further confirms the link between Basaiti and Alvise. Around 1500, the influence of the Antonellian school becomes less distinct. Basaiti’s backgrounds become more developed demonstrating the influence of Giovanni Bellini and Northern artists.This development can be seen in paintings such as in Portrait of a Young Man (1505), where, in contrast to his first Portrait of a Young Man (1495), the screen behind the figure has been completely removed and the landscape given more importance. In addition to developing a more complex landscape composition, Basaiti appears to become more concerned with spatial consistency after 1500. This change to more expressive landscapes coincided with Albrecht Dürer's stay in Venice during 1505–1506. It has been suggested that the landscape style Basaiti adopted is more influenced by Netherlandish paintings than by Bellini. As Basaiti continued to mix the styles of Alvise and Bellini his paintings become comparable to Cima da Conegliano. However, Basaiti arrived at this mix of styles after Cima and he was never able to exert  the same influence. Middle period (1510–1520)

This period represents the most cohesive time stylistically for Basaiti's paintings.It was a prosperous decade for Basaiti and included several large commissions such as the high altarpiece at Sant'Andrea della Certosa, the Call of the Sons of Zebedee. This piece in particular marked the beginning of his mature period and is considered by Vasari and many later critics to be one of his best pieces. Unlike the portraits which up until now had been his main artistic endeavors, the Calling of the Sons of Zebedee is a narrative painting which requires more complex composition, and features a detailed and expansive landscape. Although Basaiti tried to compose narrative paintings later on, none were as successful as this first one. Another notable example of Basaiti’s work with narrative pieces is the Agony of Christ. This represents a large commission as the altarpiece of the Foscari in San Giobbe. This altarpiece is set up next similar pieces by Giovanni Bellini and the influence from Bellini in Basaiti's painting is obvious.Later, during this period, <mask>’s paintings became more focused and returned to one-figure paintings as intricacies of narrative paintings proved to be too difficult. As seen in the Resurrected Christ and the Blessed Redeemer, while many aspects of Basaiti’s former success remain, the painting features only one main figure. Continuing his emphasis on the use of landscapes in paintings, backgrounds became more integrated into the overall painting but the influence of Bellini and of Netherlandish painters is still apparent. As <mask>’s style developed, the light in his pictures became softer and the components of the painting blended more fluidly. This gradual shift towards softer lines and an emphasis on natural lighting was the popular style developing during this era. The quattrocento style in which Basaiti was trained was declining in popularity, and his attempts to incorporate some of the new techniques can be seen particularly in his later works. Late period ( 1520–1530)

This was Basaiti's last period and no paintings have been dated after 1530.Basaiti appears on a ledger for a painters guild in 1530 but there is no known mention of him after this ledger and he is presumed to have died in the early years of that decade. According to current estimations, this would have made him 60 around the time of his death. In this last decade of his painting career, his composition became slightly more developed and more in tune with the contemporary style but remained heavily influenced by the quattrocento style. During this time he mainly focused on portraits, which were the area where he was best able to adapt his style to the changing times. Landscapes started to decline in importance in his paintings although their presence never disappeared completely. One exception to this trend is the painting The Lamentation which once again demonstrates Basaiti's ability to compose narrative scenes. The Lamentation blends many of the influences throughout Basaiti's life and exhibits his progress towards more organic lighting and forms.Some call Basaiti one of the last masters of the early Renaissance and his works demonstrate a refined quattrocento style. However, despite his best efforts, his works are still generally considered to be one step behind the trends of the Venetian painting of that time. Works
There are approximately 30 known pieces currently attributed to Basaiti. The table is ordered by date and those with a range of dates were ordered based on their earliest estimated date. Those with no determined dates were listed last. References

External links
<mask> on Artcyclopedia

1470s births
1530 deaths
15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
16th-century Italian painters
Painters from Venice
Italian people of Albanian descent
Venetian people of Greek descent
15th-century Greek painters
16th-century Greek painters

masks:
Marco Basaiti
Marco Baxaiti
Marco Basarini
Marco Basaiti
Marco Basaiti
Marco Basaiti
Basaiti
Marco Basaiti
Basaiti
Marco Basaiti
Basaiti
Basaiti
Basaiti
Marco Basaiti