title: James Bowie

texts:
 described him as a humble man who never used profanity or vulgarities. Texas Revolution

Texan rumblings
Between 1830 and 1832, the Mexican Congress passed a series of laws that seemed to discriminate against Anglo colonists in the province of Coahuila y Tejas, increasing tension between the Anglo citizenry and Mexican officials. In response to the rumblings, Mexican troops established military posts in several locations within the province, including San Antonio de Béxar.Although much of the military supported the administration of President Anastasio Bustamante, Antonio López de Santa Anna led an insurrection against him in 1832. Anglo colonists in Texas supported Santa Anna and General José Antonio Mexía, who led soldiers into Texas to oust commanders loyal to Bustamante. In July 1832, after hearing that the Mexican army commander in Nacogdoches, José de las Piedras, had demanded that all residents in his area surrender their arms, <mask> cut short a visit to Natchez to return to Texas. On August 2, 1832, he joined a group of other Texans and marched into Nacogdoches to "present their demands" to Piedras. Before the group reached the building housing the town officials, they were attacked by a force of 100 Mexican cavalry. The Texans returned fire and the Battle of Nacogdoches began. After the cavalry retreated, they laid siege to the garrison.After a second battle, in which Piedras lost 33 men, the Mexican army evacuated during the night. <mask> and 18 companions ambushed the fleeing army and, after Piedras fled, marched the soldiers back to Nacogdoches. <mask> later served as a delegate to the Convention of 1833, which formally requested that Texas become its own state within the Mexican federation. Several months later, a cholera epidemic struck Texas. Fearing the disease would reach San Antonio, <mask> sent his pregnant wife and their daughter to the family estate in Monclova, in the company of her parents and brother. The cholera epidemic  struck Monclova, and between September 6 and September 14, Ursula, their children, her brother, and her parents all died of the disease. <mask>, on business in Natchez, did not hear of his family's deaths until November.From then on, he drank heavily and became "careless in his dress." The following year, the Mexican government passed new laws allowing sale of land in Texas, and <mask> returned to land speculation. He was appointed a land commissioner and was tasked with promoting settlement in the area purchased by John T. Mason. His appointment ended in May 1835, when President Antonio López de Santa Anna abolished the Coahuila y Tejas government and ordered the arrest of all Texans (including <mask>) doing business in Monclova. <mask> was forced to flee Monclova and return to the Anglo areas of Texas. The Anglos in Texas began agitating for war against Santa Anna, and <mask> worked with William B. Travis, the leader of the War Party, to gain support. <mask> visited several Native American villages in East Texas in an attempt to persuade the reluctant tribes to fight against the Mexican government.Santa Anna responded to the rumblings by ordering large numbers of Mexican troops to Texas. Battle of Concepción
The Texas Revolution began on October 2, 1835, with the Battle of Gonzales. Stephen F. Austin formed an army of 500 men to march on the Mexican forces in San Antonio with the cannon that had precipitated the fight. The name "Texian Army" is sometimes applied to this militia. On October 22, Austin asked <mask>. Fannin and <mask>, now a colonel in the volunteer militia, to scout the area around the missions of San Francisco de la Espada and San José y San Miguel de Aguayo and find supplies for the volunteer forces. The scouting party left with 92 men, many of them members of the New Orleans Grays, who had just arrived in Texas. After discovering a good defensive position near Mission Concepción, the group requested that Austin's army join them.On the foggy morning of October 28, Mexican General Domingo Ugartechea led a force of 300 infantry and cavalry soldiers and two small cannons against the Texian forces. Although the Mexican army was able to get within 200 yards (183 m), the Texian defensive position protected them from fire. When the Mexicans stopped to reload their cannon, the Texians climbed a bluff and picked off some of the soldiers. The stalemate ended shortly after <mask> led a charge to seize one of the Mexican cannons, at that time only 80 yards (73 m) away. Ugartechea retreated with his troops, ending the Battle of Concepción. One Texian and ten Mexican troops had been killed. One of the men under <mask>'s command during the battle later praised him "as a born leader, never needlessly spending a bullet or imperiling a life, who repeatedly admonished... Keep under cover boys, and reserve your fire; we haven't a man to spare."Grass Fight and commission difficulties
An hour after the battle ended, Austin arrived with the rest of the Texian army to begin a siege of San Antonio de Béxar, where General Martín Perfecto de Cós, the overall commander of Mexican forces in Texas, and his troops were garrisoned. Two days later, <mask> resigned from Austin's army because he did not have an official commission in the army, and he disliked the "minor tasks of scouting and spying". On November 3, 1835, Texas declared itself an independent state, and a provisional government was formed, with Henry Smith of Brazoria elected provisional governor. Austin asked to be relieved of his command of the army, and Sam Houston was named army chief. Edward Burleson was chosen as temporary commander of the troops in San Antonio. At some point, <mask> appeared before the council and spoke for an hour, asking for a commission. The council refused his request, probably because of lingering animosity over his land dealings.Houston offered <mask> a commission as an officer on his staff, but <mask> rejected the opportunity, explaining that he wanted to be in the midst of the fighting. Instead, <mask> enlisted in the army as a private under Fannin. He distinguished himself again in the Grass Fight on November 26. Cós had sent approximately 187 men to cut grass for his horses. As they returned to San Antonio, <mask> took 60 mounted men to intercept the party, which they believed carried valuable cargo. The Mexican troops quickened their pace in hopes of reaching the safety of the city, but <mask> and his cavalry chased them. At the end of the fight, the Texians had two wounded men but had captured many horses and mules.Shortly after <mask> left San Antonio, Ben Milam led an assault on the city. In the ensuing fighting, the Texians suffered only a few casualties, including Miliam, while the Mexican army lost many troops to death and desertion. Cós surrendered and returned to Mexico, taking with him the last Mexican troops in Texas. Believing the war was over, many of the Texian volunteers left the army and returned to their families. In early January 1836, <mask> went to San Felipe and asked the council to allow him to recruit a regiment. He was turned down again, because he "was not an officer of the government nor army." Battle of the Alamo

After Houston received word that Santa Anna was leading a large force to San Antonio, <mask> offered to lead volunteers to defend the Alamo from the expected attack.He arrived with 30 men on January 19. They found a force of 104 men with a few weapons and a few cannons, but not many supplies and little gunpowder. Houston knew that there were not enough men to hold the fort in an attack, and he gave <mask> authority to remove the artillery and blow up the fortification. <mask> and the Alamo commander, <mask>. Neill, decided they did not have enough oxen to move the artillery, and they did not want to destroy the fortress. On January 26, one of <mask>'s men, <mask>, organized a rally that passed a resolution in favor of holding the Alamo. Bonham signed the resolution first,  <mask>'s signature came second. Because of <mask>'s fluency in Spanish and his connections through of his marriage, the predominantly Mexican population of San Antonio often furnished him with information about the movements of the Mexican army.After learning that Santa Anna had 4,500 troops and was heading for the city, <mask> wrote several letters to the provisional government asking for help in defending the Alamo, especially "men, money, rifles, and cannon powder". In another letter, to Governor Smith, he reiterated his view that "the salvation of Texas depends in great measure on keeping Béxar out of the hands of the enemy. It serves as the frontier picquet guard, and if it were in the possession of Santa Anna, there is no stronghold from which to repel him in his march toward the Sabine." The letter to Smith ended, "Colonel Neill and myself have come to the solemn resolution that we will rather die in these ditches than give it up to the enemy." On February 3, Davy Crockett appeared with thirty Tennesseans. Neill went on furlough on February 11 to visit his sick family, leaving Travis, a member of the regular army, in command. <mask> was older than Travis, had a better reputation and considered himself a colonel, thus outranking Travis, who was a lieutenant colonel.<mask> refused to answer to Travis, who called an election for the men to choose their own commander. They chose <mask>, infuriating Travis. <mask> celebrated his appointment by getting very drunk and causing havoc in San Antonio, releasing all prisoners in the local jails and harassing citizens. Travis was disgusted, but two days later the men agreed to a joint command: <mask> would command the volunteers, and Travis would command the regular army and the volunteer cavalry. On February 23, the bells of San Fernando sounded the alarm for the approach of the Mexicans. Travis ordered all the Texan forces into the Alamo. <mask> hurried to gather provisions and herd cattle into the Alamo compound.Fearing for the safety of his wife's relatives in San Antonio, <mask> invited her cousins,p Getrudis Navarro and Juana Navarro Alsbury, as well as Alsbury's 18-month-old son, Alijo Perez Jr., to stay inside the walls of the Alamo. <mask> also brought several black servants, some of whom worked at the Veramendi Palace, into the security of the Alamo fortress. <mask> had been ill, and two doctors, including the fort surgeon, were unable to diagnose his illness. Travis became the sole commander of the forces when <mask> was confined to bed. Santa Anna and his army began a siege of the Alamo on February 24. The Mexican army raised a red flag to warn the defenders that no quarter would be given. <mask> and Travis began sending out couriers with pleas for provisions and assistance.On February 25,Travis sent Juan Seguin, on <mask>'s horse, to recruit reinforcements, and  arrived. On February 26, Crockett reported that <mask>, though suffering from his affliction, continued to crawl from his bed around noon every day and present himself to the Alamo's inhabitants, which much boosted the morale of his comrades. Thirty-five years after the Alamo fell, a reporter identified Louis "Moses" Rose as the only man to have "deserted" the Texian forces at the Alamo. According to the reporter's version of Rose's account, when Travis realized that the Mexican army would likely prevail, he drew a line in the sand and asked those willing to die for the cause to cross the line. At <mask>'s request, Crockett and several others carried his cot over the line, leaving Rose alone on the other side. After this article appeared, several other eyewitnesses confirmed the account, but because Rose was deceased the story can only be authenticated by the word of the reporter, who admitted to embellishing other articles, "and thus many historians refuse to believe it." <mask> perished with the rest of the Alamo defenders when the Mexicans attacked on March 6.Most of the noncombatants in the fort, including <mask>'s relatives, survived. Santa Anna ordered the alcalde of San Antonio, Francisco Antonio Ruiz, to confirm the identities of <mask>, Travis, and Crockett. After first ordering that <mask> be buried, as he was too brave a man to be burned like a dog, Santa Anna later had <mask>'s body placed with those of the other Texians on the funeral pyre. When <mask>'s mother was informed of his death, she calmly stated, "I'll wager no wounds were found in his back." Various eyewitnesses to the battle gave conflicting accounts of <mask>'s death. A newspaper article claimed that a Mexican soldier saw <mask> carried from his room on his cot, alive, after the conclusion of the battle. The soldier maintained that <mask> castigated a Mexican officer in fluent Spanish, and the officer ordered <mask>'s tongue cut out and his still-breathing body thrown onto the funeral pyre.This account has been disputed by numerous other witnesses, and it is thought to have been invented by the reporter. Other witnesses maintained that they saw several Mexican soldiers enter <mask>'s room, bayonet him, and carry him, alive, from the room. Various other stories circulated. Some witnesses claimed that <mask> shot himself. Others said he was killed by soldiers while too weak to lift his head. Alcalde Ruiz said that <mask> was found "dead in his bed." According to Wallace O Chariton, the "most popular, and probably the most accurate" version is that <mask> died on his cot, "back braced against the wall, and using his pistols and his famous knife."One year after the battle, Juan Seguin returned to the Alamo and gathered the remaining ashes from the funeral pyre. He placed these in a coffin inscribed with the names of <mask>, Travis, and Crockett. The ashes were interred at the Cathedral of San Fernando. Legacy

Despite his continual claims of wealth, <mask>'s estate was found to be very small. His possessions were auctioned for only $99.50. His larger legacy is his position as "one of the legendary characters of the American frontier." <mask> left a "frustratingly sparse paper trail" of his life, and for many "where history failed, the legends prevailed."Although <mask>'s name and knife were well known during his lifetime, his legend grew after October 1852, when DeBow's Review published an article written by his brother, John Jones <mask>, called, "Early Life in the Southwest—The <mask>s." The article focused primarily on the exploits of <mask>. Beginning with that article, "romanticized stories" about <mask> began appearing in national press. In many cases, "these stories were pure melodrama, with <mask> rescuing some naïve planter's son or damsel in distress." <mask> was inducted posthumously into the Blade Magazine Cutlery Hall of Fame at the 1988 Blade Show in Atlanta, Georgia, in recognition of the impact that his eponymous design had upon generations of knife makers and cutlery companies. A number of films have depicted the events of the Battle of the Alamo, and <mask> has appeared as a character in each. Alan Ladd plays <mask> in The Iron Mistress, a 1952 film that begins near Bayou Sara in 1825 and ends with his marriage to Ursula Veramendi (Phyllis Kirk) and therefore never shows the Battle of the Alamo.From 1956 to 1958, <mask> was the subject of a CBS television series, The Adventures of <mask>, which was primarily set in 1830s Louisiana, although later episodes ventured into the Mexican province of Texas. The show, which starred Scott Forbes as <mask>, was based on the 1946 novel Tempered Blade. Rock star <mask>, who was born David Robert Hayward-Jones, adopted the folk legend's surname. Jones changed his last name in the 1960s because he feared confusion with Davy Jones, a member of the already famous The Monkees. He chose the <mask> eponym because he admired <mask> and the <mask> knife, although his pronunciation uses the  () variant. Bowie County in northeast Texas, and the city of Bowie in Montague County, Texas, were both named in honor of <mask>. <mask> Elementary in Corsicana, Texas was also named in his honor.Notes

Informational notes

Citations

References

1796 births
1836 deaths
18th-century American people
19th-century American people
People of the Texas Revolution
Army of the Republic of Texas officers
Alamo defenders
Texas Consultation delegates
Military personnel killed in action
Deaths by firearm in Texas
American folklore
American slave traders
American slave owners
Converts to Roman Catholicism
People from Kentucky
People from Logan County, Kentucky
People from Opelousas,

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title: Michele Esposito

type: original

texts:
<mask> (29 September 1855 – 19 November 1929) was an Italian composer, conductor and pianist who spent most of his professional life in Dublin, Ireland. <mask> was born at Castellamare di Stabia, near Sorrento. As a boy he entered the conservatory of Naples as a piano pupil of Beniamino Cesi (1845–1907, himself a favourite pupil of Thalberg), and studied composition there for 8 years under Paolo Serrao (1830–1907, teacher of Francesco Cilea and others). He was a near-contemporary of Giuseppe Martucci, and a few years the senior of Alessandro Longo, both taught by these teachers. In 1878, he went to Paris for several years. In 1879, he married Natalia Klebnikoff (1857–1944), who hailed from St Petersburg. They had four children, including the noted scholar <mask>.Teacher, pianist and conductor
<mask> became chief pianoforte professor at the Royal Irish Academy of Music in 1882, and remained there for more than forty years, devoting himself to the encouragement of classical music in Dublin. He inaugurated the Royal Dublin Society chamber-music recitals, with great success, and gave piano recitals for the Society every year. He established the Dublin Orchestral Society in 1898 and was its conductor until its disbandment in 1914, and he was also the conductor of the Sunday Orchestral Concerts until they were discontinued in 1914. He conducted concerts of the London Symphony Orchestra at Woodbrook in 1913 and 1914, and also performed his piano concerto with them under the baton of Hamilton Harty. Together with Sir Stanley Cochrane, he founded the music publishing company "C. E. Edition". In the year before his death he returned to Italy and died in Florence. Composer
<mask> received awards from the Feis Ceoil for his cantata Deirdre, his Irish Symphony and his String Quartet in D major.His Cello Sonata won a prize from the London Incorporated Society of Musicians in 1899. His Violin Sonata in E minor gained a prize offered by La Société Nouvelle, Paris, in 1907, and his String Quartet in C minor won another offered by the Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna. Works

Stage
 The Post Bag, Op. 52 (Alfred Perceval Graves), 1-act opera (1901; vocal score, London: Boosey & Co., 1902)
 The Tinker and the Fairy, Op. 53 (Douglas Hyde), 1-act opera (1904; vocal score, Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1910)
 Peggy Machree ("Patrick Bidwell" = Elizabeth Curtis O'Sullivan), romantic comedy with music (1904; three songs published in New York: Church, 1908)

Vocal with orchestra
 Deirdre, Op. 38 (Thomas William Rolleston), cantata for soli, chorus and orchestra (1897; vocal score, Dublin: Pigott & Co., 1899)

Orchestra (incl. concertos)
 Piano Concerto, Op.18 (perf. 1878 in Naples, unpublished)
 Sinfonia, Op. 24 (1874, unpublished)
 Scherzo fugoso (c.1895, unpublished)
 Poem for harp and orchestra, Op. 44 (1898, unpublished)
 Othello, overture, Op. 45 (1900, unpublished)
 Oriental Suite, Op. 47 (1900, unpublished)
 Fantasia for two pianos and orchestra, Op. 48 (c.1901, unpublished)
 Sinfonia irlandese / Irish Symphony, Op.50 (1902, Dublin: An Gúm, 1955)
 Irish Suite, Op. 55 (c.1903; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1915)
 Piano Concerto [No. 2] in F minor, Op. 68 (1912, unpublished)
 Neapolitan Suite, Op. 69 (c.1923; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1927?)Chamber music
 Piano Trio, Op. 9 (c.1877, unpublished)
 Piano Quartet [No. 1], Op. 12 (1877, unpublished)
 Piano Quartet [No. 2], Op. 17 (1878, unpublished)
 Movement for String Quartet, Op. 21 (1882, unpublished)
 Two Pieces for Viola and Piano, Op.22 (1881, unpublished)
 Violin Sonata [No. 1] in G major, Op. 32 (1881; London and Leipzig: Stanley Lucas, Weber, Pitt & Hatzfeld, 1892; later reissued by Schott)
 String Quartet [No.1] in D major, Op. 33 (1886; Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1899)
 Tarantella for piano duet, Op. 35 (date?, Dublin: Pigott & Co., c.1900)
 Piano Quintet, Op. 42 (1898, unpublished)
 Cello Sonata in D major, Op. 43 (1898; Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1899)
 Violin Sonata [No.2] in E minor, Op. 46 (1899; Paris: G. Astruc, 1907)
 Irish Rhapsody No. 1 for violin and piano, Op. 51 (1901; Milan: Ricordi, 1909)
 Irish Rhapsody No. 2 for violin and piano, Op. 54 (1902; Milan: Ricordi, 1909)
 Five Irish Melodies for violin and piano, Op. 56 (Dublin: Pigott, 1903).Contains: Rich and Rare, The Coulin, Silent, O Moyle, Fly not yet, When through Life. Two Irish Airs for violin and piano, Op. 57 (London: Schott, c.1903). Contains: Farewell but whenever, Cradle Song; The Silver Tip, Irish reel. String Quartet [No. 2] in C minor, Op. 60 (1906; Dublin: C.E.Music Publishers, 1914)
 Violin Sonata [No. 3] in A major, Op. 67 (1913; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, n.d.)
 String Quartet [No. 3] in B flat major, Op. 70 (1923, unpublished)

Piano solo
 Pensiero malincolico, Op. 2 (date?; Milan: Ricordi, 1877)
 Scherzo [No. 1], Op. 3 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Allegro, Op. 4 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Allegretto, Op. 5 (date?; Milan: Lucca, 1877)
 Romanza, Op. 6 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Album, Op. 7 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879). Contains: Augurio, Malinconico, Duetto, Visione, Allegro appassionato. Fantasia, Op.8 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Momento di fantasia, Op. 10 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Capriccio, Op. 11 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Quattro notturni, Op. 13 (date?; Milan: Lucca, 1879). Contains: Moderato, Andante, Sorrento (lento), Lento. Valzer op. 14 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879)
 Lento, Op. 16 (date? ; contribution to album Alla memoria di Vincenzo Bellini, Milan: Ricordi, 1884)

 Due pezzi, Op.19 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879). Contains: Andante tranquillo, Lento. Sei canzoni, Op. 23 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1880). Contains: Moderato, Lento, Allegro moderato, Andante, Moderato, Semplice.Valzer della polenta (1881; Milan: Ricordi, 1881)
 Tre pezzi caratteristici, Op. 26 (date? ; Milan: Ricordi, 1882)
 Scherzo [No. 2], Op. 28 (date? ; Dublin: Pohlmann & Co., c.1882)
 Two Pieces, Op. 29 (c.1883; Dublin: Pohlmann & Co., 1883).Contains: Serenata, Improvviso. Four Sketches, Op. 30 (c.1883; Dublin: Pohlmann & Co., 1883). Contains: Andantino, Animato, Moderato, Vivace. Progressive Studies, Op. 31 (c.1883; Dublin: Pohlmann & Co., 1883). Contains 2 books of 10 studies each.Notturno (date?, London: Ascherberg, 1885)
 Suite, Op. 34 (date? ; Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1902). Contains: Vol. 1: Prélude, Agitato-Tranquillo, Badinage; Vol. 2: Nocturne, Valse, Petite sérénade, Rêverie. Deux nocturnes, Op.36 (date? ; London: Forsyth, 1898). Contains: Lento, Andante. Deux valses, Op. 37 (date? ; London: Forsyth, 1898). Contains: Tempo di valse, Tempo lento di valse.Two Irish Melodies, Op. 39 (date? ; Dublin: Pigott & Co., 1896). Contains: Avenging and Bright, Though the Last Glimpse of Erin. Ballades, Op. 59 (date? ; Milan: Ricordi, 1907).Contains: Appassionato, Lento ed espressivo, Con moto ed energico. Three Pieces, Op. 61 (c.1912; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1930). Contains: Alba, Zenith, Tramonto. Impromptu, Op. 62 (1912; Dublin: C.E.Music Publishers, 1930)
 Remembrance, Op. 63 (1912; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, c.1930)
 A Village Fête, Op. 64 (1912; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, c.1930)
 Three Pieces, Op. 65 (1912; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, c.1930).Contains: Vain Regrets, In the Garden, At the Spinning Wheel
 Preludi, Op. 66 (1910-2; Milan: Ricordi, 1936, as part of op. 72 [nos. 2, 5, 9])
 My Irish Sketch Book, Op. 71 (date? ; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1932).12 pieces in 4 sets. Set 1: The Bard and the Fairy, The Rose-Tree, Dance and Song. Set 2: The Exile's Vision, A Song, Night Patrol. Set 3:  The Little Stack of Barley, Lullaby, Jig. Set 4: King James, A Lament, Bagpipes. Nove preludi, Op. 72 (1910–29, incorporating op.66; Milan: Ricordi, 1936). Contains: Allegro vivo e appassionato, Tempo di mazurka, Sostenuto, Allegro moderato, Languido, Andante moderato, Con moto e leggero, Con moto e grazioso, Lento (Pensiero elegiaco alle memoria di Giuseppe Martucci). Songs
 Canti di Lorenzo Stecchetti, Op. 15 (date? ; Milan: Lucca, 1879). Contains: Spes, ultima dea, Scritto supra un sasso, Fior di siepe. Trois mélodies (Théophile Gautier, Victor Hugo) (1880–1, unpublished).Details unknown. Tre Canti di Lorenzo Stecchetti, Op. 25 (1881, unpublished). Details unknown. Trois chansons, Op. 27 (Émile Blémont) (1881, unpublished). Details unknown.Three Irish Melodies, Op. 40 (George Sigerson) (date? ; Dublin: Pigott & Co., 1897). Contains: O Hush O, The Heather Glen, Mavourneen Mine. Irish Melodies, Op. 41 (poets unclear) (date?). One song published: The Lark in the Clear Air (Samuel Ferguson), Op.41.2 (Dublin: Pigott & Co., c.1898). Roseen Dhu, Irish Vocal Suite, Op. 49 (Alfred Perceval Graves) (1901; London: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1901). Contains: The Shadow of a Dream, My Rose of Hope, In Reasons Despite, Is it true?, Her Answer, The Clarion's Call, She Stood at my Side. The West's Awake (Thomas Davis) (date? ; London: Boosey & Co., 1901)
 Siubal na mona (Douglas Hyde) (date? ; London: Ricordi, 1911)
 Dear Land (John O'Hagan) (date?; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, c.1920)
 Rest, though Gentle Sea (anon.) (date? ; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1920)
 Two Shelley Songs (Percy Bysshe Shelley) (1905; Dublin: C.E. Music Publishers, 1921). Contains: Time Long Past, To Night.Choral, unaccompanied
 Seán Glas (anon.) (date? ; London: Vincent, 1913)

Recordings
 Ballades, Op. 59; Alla memoria di Vincenzo Bellini, Op. 16; 5 excerpts from My Irish Sketch Book, Op. 71; Preludes 1, 5, 2, 4, 9 from Nove preludi, Op. 72; Impromptu, Op.62; Three Pieces, Op. 61; A Village Fête, Op. 64; Nocturne, Valse, Rêverie (from Suite, Op. 34, vol. 2); Remembrance, Op. 63; Visione (from Album, Op. 7).Recorded by Míċeál O'Rourke (piano), on: <mask>: Works for Piano, Chandos CHAN 9675 (CD, 1998). Though the Last Glimpse of Erin from Two Irish Melodies, Op. 39; and Appassionato from Ballades, Op. 59 (no. 1). Recorded by Una Hunt (piano), on: Fallen Leaves from an Irish Album, RTÉ lyric fm CD 109 (CD, 2006). Violin Sonatas, Opp.32, 46, and 67, and Cello Sonata, Op. 43. Recorded by Mia Cooper (violin), William Butt (cello) and Lance Coburn (piano), on: Champs Hill Records CHRCD 066 (CD, 2013). Violin Sonatas, Opp. 32, 46, and 67; Irish Rhapsody No. 1, Op. 51; Irish Rhapsody No.2, Op. 54; nos. 2, 3, 5 from Five Irish Melodies, Op. 56; no. 2 from Two Irish Airs, Op. 57. Performed by Carmelo Andreani (violin) & Vincenzo Maltempo (piano), on Brilliant Classics 95102 (double CD, 2015).Bibliography

 Kees van Hoek: "<mask>ito. Maestro of Dublin", in: The Irish Monthly 71 (June 1943), pp. 223–30. G. L. Aiello [= <mask>]: Al musicista <mask> nel primo centenario della nascita (Comune di Castellamare di Stabia, 1955). Carla Di Lena: "<mask>ito", in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana), vol. 43 (1993) (http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/michele-esposito_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29/). John Bowyer Bell: "Waiting for Mario.The Espositos, Joyce and Beckett", in: Éire-Ireland 30 (1995), pp. 7–26. Jeremy Dibble: <mask> (Dublin: Field Day, 2010), . References

External links

1855 births
1929 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Italian composers
19th-century Italian male musicians
19th-century pianists
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian male musicians
Composers for piano
Irish classical composers
Irish male classical composers
Irish opera composers
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male pianists
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers

masks:
Michele Esposito
Training Esposito
Mario Esposito
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Mario Esposito
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title: K. Pattabhi Jois

texts:
K<mask> (26 July 1915 – 18 May 2009) was an Indian yoga guru who developed and popularized the flowing style of yoga as exercise known as Ashtanga vinyasa yoga. In 1948, <mask> established the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore, India. <mask> is one of a short list of Indians instrumental in establishing modern yoga as exercise in the 20th century, along with B. K. S. Iyengar, another pupil of <mask> in Mysore. <mask> sexually abused some of his yoga students by touching inappropriately during adjustments. <mask> has publicly apologised for his grandfather's "improper adjustments". Biography

Early life

<mask> () was born in a brahmin family on 26 July 1915 (Guru Pūrṇimā, full moon day) in the village of Kowshika, near Hassan, Karnataka, South India. <mask>'s father was an astrologer, priest, and landholder.His mother took care of the house and the nine children - five girls and four boys - of whom <mask> <mask> was the fifth. From the age of five, he was instructed in Sanskrit and rituals by his father, which is standard training for Brahmin boys. No one else in his family learned yoga. Education

In 1927, at the age of 12, <mask> attended a lecture and demonstration at the Jubilee Hall in Hassan, Karnataka by T<mask> and became his student the next day. He stayed in Kowshika for two years and practiced with <mask> every day. In 1930, <mask> ran away from home to Mysore to study Sanskrit, with 2 rupees. Around the same time <mask> departed Hassan to teach elsewhere.Two years later, <mask> was reunited with <mask>, who had also made his way to Mysore. During this time, the Maharaja of Mysore, <mask> Wodeyar, had become seriously ill and it is said that <mask> had healed him, through yoga, where others had failed. The Maharaja became <mask>'s patron and established a yogaśala for him at the Jaganmohan Palace. <mask> often accompanied <mask> in demonstrations, and occasionally assisted <mask> in class and taught in his absence. <mask> studied with <mask> from 1927 to 1929 in his own village, and then in Mysore from 1932 to 1953. He studied texts such as Patañjali's Yoga Sūtra, Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā, Yoga Yajñavalkya and the Upaniṣads. In 1924 <mask> supposedly researched an ancient text which he called the Yoga Korunta; he described this as badly damaged and with many missing portions, and claimed he had learned the text from a teacher named Rama Mohan Brahmachari on a supposed seven-year stay in the Himalayas.<mask> began his studies with <mask> in 1927 and was taught what <mask> called the Yoga Korunta method. An entire system of practices including pranayama, bandhas, (core muscular and energetic locks) and drishti (visual focal points) were included along with āsanas (postures) and vinyāsas (connecting movements), defining the method that <mask> went on to teach. <mask> stated that he had never seen the text; its authenticity is impossible to validate as no copy has ever been seen by scholars. A major component of Ashtanga Yoga absent from <mask>'s early teachings was Surya Namaskar, the Sun Salutation. However, Surya Namaskar already existed, and <mask> was aware of it in the 1930s, as it was being taught, as exercise rather than as yoga, in the hall next to his Yogaśala in the Mysore palace. Career

The Maharaja of Mysore sometimes attended classes when <mask> was assisting, and offered <mask> a teaching position at the Sanskrit College in Mysore with a salary, scholarship to the college and room and board. <mask> held a yoga teaching position at the Sanskrit College from 1937 to 1973, becoming vidwan (professor) in 1956, as well as being Honorary Professor of Yoga at the Government College of Indian Medicine from 1976 to 1978.In 1948, <mask> established the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute at their home in Lakshmipuram. In 1964 he built an extension in the back of the house for a yoga hall. In 1964, a Belgian named André Van Lysebeth spent two months with <mask> learning the primary and intermediate series of the Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga system. Not long afterward, van Lysebeth wrote the book J'apprends le Yoga (1967, English title: Yoga Self-Taught) which mentioned <mask> and included his address. This brought Westerners to Mysore to study yoga. The first Americans came, after <mask>'s son Manju demonstrated yoga at Swami Gitananda's ashram in Pondicherry. To accommodate the increasing number of students, he opened a new school in Gokulam in 2002.<mask> continued to teach at the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore, now in the neighbourhood of Gokulam, with his only daughter Saraswathi Rangaswamy (b. 1941) and his grandson Sharath for the rest of his life. He published the book Yoga Mālā, in Kannada in 1958; an English translation appeared in 1999. His first trip to the West was in 1974, to South America, to deliver a lecture in Sanskrit at an international yoga conference. In 1975 he stayed for four months in Encinitas, California, marking the beginning of Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga in America. Norman Allen, one of his first western students, collaborated with <mask> on his trips to America. He had said on many occasions that there might be only twenty or thirty students practising Ashtanga Yoga in America then, but, 'gradually, gradually, in twenty years, it will be fully spreading'.He returned to the US several times over the next 20 years, to teach yoga at Encinitas and beyond. Parampara, the passing of knowledge from teacher to pupil (traditionally, from guru to shishya), is said to lie at the heart of Jois's Ashtanga Yoga. Teachers are certified through many years of daily practice and extended trips to Mysore, India, to become authorized "lineage holders". Haing studied under <mask> for many years, Jois expected the same from his students, creating among the most stringent requirements anywhere in yoga teacher training. Family life

On the full moon of June 1933, when <mask> was 18 years old, he married Savitramma, who affectionately came to be known as Amma by Pattabhi Jois's family and students alike. They had three children: Saraswathi, Mañju and Ramesh. In 1948, with the help of his students, <mask> purchased a home in the section of town called Lakshmipuram.According to Tim Miller, <mask> continued to practice asanas until his son Ramesh committed suicide when <mask> was in his early 60s. Re-evaluation

Criticisms

According to B.K.S. Iyengar, <mask> was assigned to teach asana at the Sanskrit Pathshala when <mask>'s yogaśala was opened in 1933, and was "never a regular student". <mask> claimed he was B. K. S. Iyengar's teacher, although Iyengar has denied this, and the two men's yoga systems are different; both were taught by <mask>. The obituary in The Economist questioned <mask>'s adherence to the yogic principle of ahimsa or non-violence, writing that "a good number of Mr <mask>'s students seemed constantly to be limping around with injured knees or backs because they had received his "adjustments", yanking them into Lotus, the splits or a backbend." Adjustments by Jois have been characterized as "overwhelming, producing fear and extreme discomfort in students as they are pushed beyond their physical and psychological comfort zones in often-difficult, even dangerous asana." Sexual abuse

The Economist obituary questioned <mask>'s adherence to the yogic principle of brahmacharya or sexual continence, and made the accusation that some students received different "adjustments"; further evidence and accusations soon emerged in 2009.In 2010, it became public knowledge that <mask> had systematically sexually abused some of his female and male yoga students, both in Mysore and during his travels, until his death in 2009. Some of this was straightforward sexual abuse, some under the guise of "adjustments" and sometimes under the guise of "welcoming" and "saying goodbye" to students. The number of victims is unknown, but women and men have described their experiences of abuse, with video and photographic evidence. Some well known Ashtanga Yoga teachers have come forward to corroborate the accusations. In 2019, R. Sharath <mask> published an acknowledgement of his sadness over his grandfather's conduct, apologising to the students concerned, and encouraging them to forgive his grandfather. "It brings me immense pain that I also witnessed him giving improper adjustments", Sharath wrote. Legacy

In the early 21st century, <mask>'s grandson, R. Sharath <mask>, led the Ashtanga Yoga community as director of the K. Pattabhi Jois Ashtanga Yoga Institute (KPJAYI) in Mysore.Jois's organization Sonima often provides organizational support to Sharath's world tours, and produces online programs that provide supplementary teaching tools for Ashtanga. <mask>'s daughter, Saraswathi, and granddaughter, Sharmila, run a yoga school in Mysore and travel the world on teaching tours. A student, David Life, co-founder of Jivamukti Yoga, has said of <mask>, "He was not a monk or a renunciate; he was fearless about combining the path of yogi with the path of participant. He never saw it as separate from our lives. He thought that anyone could attain to yoga if they had the desire and the enthusiasm." A 2006 film Guru was made about him by Robert Wilkins. Bibliography

 <mask>, <mask> (1999; revised ed.2012). Yoga Mala. New York: North Point Press. See also

 Bikram Choudhury

Notes

References

External links

1915 births
2009 deaths
Indian yoga gurus
People from Hassan district
Modern yoga pioneers
Modern yoga gurus

masks:
. Pattabhi Jois
Jois
Pattabhi Jois
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Sharath Jois
Krishna Pattabhi Jois
Jois
Pattabhi
Jois
Jois
. Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Krishna Rajendra
Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Krishnamacharya
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Jois
Pattabhi


title: Richard Morrison (ambassador)

texts:
Sir <mask> (or Morison or Morysine) (ca. 1513 – 1556) was an English humanist scholar and diplomat. He was a protégé of Thomas Cromwell, propagandist for Henry VIII, and then ambassador to the German court of Charles V for Edward VI. Life
<mask> was the son of Thomas Morison of Hertfordshire by a daughter of Thomas Merry of Hatfield. He had a sister, Amy, who married Stephen Hales (d. 27 March 1574), esquire, of Newland, Warwickshire, brother of John Hales. <mask> attended Cardinal College, Oxford (now Christ Church) ca. 1526 and met Nicholas Udall, who became the master of Eton College and was known as the father of English comedy.He graduated B.A. at Oxford on 19 January 1527–8, and directly entered the service of Thomas Wolsey; but he soon left the cardinal, visited Hugh Latimer at Cambridge, and went to Italy to study Greek. He attended the University of Padua in 1532, making the acquaintance there of Michael Throckmorton. In Italy both these young humanists had links with a group of reformers later called 'spirituali', whom Morison met through contacts with Edmund Harvel and Bishop Cosimo Gheri. He became a proficient if impoverished scholar at Venice and Padua, and retained an interest in literature, along with his adopted Calvinistic religious views. Writing in February 1536 to Thomas Cromwell, he said that he wished to do something else than be wretched in Italy. Cromwell summoned him home, and gave him an official appointment.Morison and Throckmorton subsequently took up diametrically opposed religious positions: while Throckmorton would embark on a career as agent for Reginald Pole, Morison returned to England to become Henry VIII's propagandist, producing A Remedy for Sedition in response to the Pilgrimage of Grace. Cromwell used a whole coterie of "divers fresh and quick wits" that also included Nicholas Udall, John Bale, John Heywood (C. 1497–1580), Thomas Gibson, William Marshall, John Rastell, Thomas Starkey, <mask> and John Uvedale. On 17 July 1537 he became prebendary of Yatminster in Salisbury Cathedral, and derived benefit from the Dissolution of the Monasteries. He received the mastership of the hospitals of St. James's, Northallerton, Yorkshire, and St. Wulstan, Worcester, with other monastic grants. The King in 1541 is said to have given him the library of the Carmelites in London. In 1546 Morison went as ambassador to the Hanseatic League. On Henry VIII's death he was furnished with credentials to the king of Denmark, and ordered by the council to announce Edward VI's accession.On 8 May 1549 he was made a commissioner to visit the university of Oxford, and before June 1550 was knighted. In 1550 Morison replaced Sir Philip Hoby as Ambassador to the Emperor. Setting off in July, he went with Roger Ascham as his secretary, the two reading Greek every day together. His despatches to the council were long, but Morison found time to travel in Germany with Ascham, who published in 1553 an account of their experiences in A Report of the Affaires of Germany. The emperor frequently remonstrated through Morison about the treatment of the Princess Mary; and he did not altogether like Morison, who was in the habit reading Bernard Ochino's Sermons or Machiavelli to his household 'for the sake of the language.' After Edward's death, Morison was revoked as ambassador. On 5 August 1553 he and Sir Philip Hoby received a recall for a political gaffe: they had alluded to Guilford Dudley as king in a letter to the council.The next year Morison withdrew to Strasburg with Sir John Cheke and Anthony Cooke, and spent his time in study under Peter Martyr, whose patron he had been at Oxford. He was at Brussels early in 1555, and is said also to have passed into Italy, but he died at Strasburg on 17 March 1556. Morison died a rich man, and had begun to build the mansion of Cashiobury in Watford, Hertfordshire. Works
Morison said:

 ‘Apomaxis Calumniarum,’ London, 1537, an attack on Cochlæus, who had written against Henry VIII, and who retorted in 'Scopa in Araneas Ricardi Morison Angli,' Leipzig, 1538. A translation of the 'Epistle' of Sturmius, London, 1538. 'An Invective ayenste the great detestable vice, Treason,' London, 1539. 'The Strategemes, Sleyghtes, and Policies of Warre, gathered together by S. Julius Frontinus,' London, 1539; translation of a work on tactics by Sextus Julius Frontinus.A translation of the 'Introduction to Wisdom' by Juan Luis Vives, London, 1540 and 1544, dedicated to Gregory Cromwell. He is also said to have written 'Comfortable Consolation for the Birth of Prince Edward, rather than Sorrow for the Death of Queen Jane,' after the death of Jane Seymour on 24 October 1537. 'Defending the Marriage of Preistes', by Philip Melanchthon. is sometimes incorrectly assigned to Morison. In manuscript are 'Maxims and Sayings,' Sloane MS. 1523; 'A Treatise of Faith and Justification,' Harl. MS. 423 (4); 'Account of Mary's Persecution under Edward VI,' Harl. MS. 353.Morison suggested to king Henry VIII that the popular Robin Hood plays should be suppressed in favour of anti-papist propaganda. His attitude is clear in a Cottonian manuscript entitled A Discourse Touching the Reformation of the Lawes of England (1535):

Marriage and issue
<mask> married Bridget Hussey, the daughter of John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford; after his death she remarried twice, in 1561 to Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland and then in 1566 to Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford. By her he had a son Sir Charles, and three daughters:

 Jane married to Edward, Lord Russell, son of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, and secondly to Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton
 Elizabeth to William Norris and secondly to Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln
 Mary to Bartholomew Hales. <mask>'s son Charles (1549–1599) completed Cashiobury, which later passed to Charles's son, <mask> (1587–1628). The estate then passed into the Capel family by the marriage of the younger Charles's daughter Elizabeth with Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham. According to Anthony Wood, Morison left illegitimate children. By his mistress Lucy Peckham (d. 31 July 1552), the daughter of Thomas Peckham, and wife of Sir George Harper (d. 12 December 1558), <mask> had a son and three daughters.According to the inquisition post mortem taken 18 October 1560, these children were Marcellus Harper (d. 1 February 1559); Frances, who married William Patrickson, gentleman; Mary, who married Bartholomew Hales, gentleman, brother of John Hales; and Anne, who died unmarried. Notes

References

Jonathan Woolfson, ‘Morison, Sir <mask> (c.1510–1556)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, January 2008. Retrieved 26 November 2008

Attribution

Further reading

External links
 Morison, Sir <mask> (1514–56), History of Parliament
 Will of Sir <mask>, National Archives
 Hales, John (d.1572), History of Parliament
 Hales, Stephen (d.1574), History of Parliament
 Will of Stephen Hales, National Archives
 Harper, George (1503–58), History of Parliament
 Will of Sir George Harper, National Archives

His autograph in Greek. 1510s births
Year of birth uncertain
1556 deaths
English Renaissance humanists
People associated with the Dissolution of the Monasteries
16th-century English diplomats
Ambassadors of England to the Holy Roman Empire
Knights Bachelor

masks:
Richard Morrison
Richard Morrison
Morrison
Richard Taverner
Morrison
Richard
Charles Morrison
Morrison
Richard
Richard
Richard Morison


title: Tetsuya Komuro

texts:
is a Japanese musician, songwriter and record producer. He is recognized as the most successful producer in Japanese music history and introduced dance music to the Japanese mainstream. He was also a former owner of the disco Velfarre located in Roppongi, Tokyo. In the Oricon singles chart of April 1996, he monopolized all the top 5 positions as the songwriter and producer, a world record. In 1995, he monopolized all top 3 positions of the copyright distribution rankings for the JASRAC Award, a record in Japan's music history. At his peak as a record producer the artists he predominantly produced for came to be known as TK Family and at one time included Namie Amuro, hitomi, TRF, Tomomi Kahara and Ami Suzuki amongst others. As of 2008, records produced by him had sold more than 170 million copies, primarily in Japan.Total sales of the singles he has written exceed 42 million copies, making him the fourth best-selling lyricist in Japan. Life and career

1979–1994: Early career and TM Network

His career started as a keyboardist for Speedway in 1979. In 1984, he created the TM Network with Takashi Utsunomiya and Naoto Kine. A year later, in 1985, his first solo work was the soundtrack Vampire Hunter D for the anime movie Vampire Hunter D, and his band, TM Network, did the closing credits song "Your Song". He subsequently composed other soundtracks such as Heaven and Earth and Seven Days War. As a solo singer, Komuro released singles "Running to Horizon" and "Gravity of Love" in 1989. "Running to Horizon" topped the Oricon charts."Gravity of Love" also topped the Oricon charts, beating out Seiko Matsuda's "Precious Heart". In 1989 and 1990, Komuro collaborated with Warren Cuccurullo. As a composer and producer, Komuro wrote a song "My Revolution" for Misato Watanabe. The song received the Golden Award at 28th Japan Record Awards in 1986. TM Network released single "The Point of Lovers' Night" on July 7, 1990. The single also topped the Oricon weekly charts, beating out Wink's single "Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)". TM Network changed its name to TMN in 1990.In 1991, he collaborated with X Japan drummer and pianist Yoshiki as V2. TMN disbanded in 1994. 1994–1997: Success as a record producer
By the early 1990s, Komuro was spending much of his time writing songs for and producing many other musicians and bands. He was also an early pioneer of dance music in Japan, and came to stardom in the 1990s as producer with a long string of hits with artists such as TRF (TK Rave Factory), Tomomi Kahala, Namie Amuro, Ami Suzuki, hitomi, Ryoko Shinohara and H Jungle with t. In 1994, he composed the musical score to the Japanese anime film Street Fighter II: The Animated Movie, based on the Capcom video game. Ryōko Shinohara recorded the theme song of the anime film, "Itoshisa to Setsunasa to Kokoro Zuyosa to", with <mask> Komuro. The single of the theme song was released on July 21, 1994, and sold over two million copies on Oricon charts. This score was removed from the US release of the film.He was mainly helped in this task by the mix engineers Pete Hammond and Dave Ford. Both were working for PWL, which was the home of the British producing team Stock Aitken Waterman. Not only that, "TK" is also credited for the rise to fame of Daisuke Asakura, a popular Japanese composer, keyboardist and music producer who began his major musical career as a backup keyboardist for TM Network. Asakura is reported to view Komuro as his "Sensei" or "Teacher". In 1997, he started his overseas career with the remix of the theme music for the soundtrack to the 1997 American film Speed 2: Cruise Control, which Japanese MMA fighter Kazushi Sakuraba and English pro wrestler Johnny Smith later adopted as their entrance music. 1998–2007: Following career

Komuro also released albums as a solo singer or musician and was involved in the bands Globe, Kiss Destination and Gaball. On December 31, 1998, his band Globe's song "Wanna Be A Dreammaker" received the grand prix award at the 40th edition of Japan Record Award.In 1999, <mask>, Utsunomiya and Kine reunited under their old name of TM Network, and remain active to this day. Komuro worked in collaboration with French keyboardist Jean Michel Jarre from 1998 to 2001. The duet wrote the theme song for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, "Together Now", as well as several other tracks and remixes. He and Jarre also performed a concert on beaches in Okinawa on January 1, 2001. 2008: Fraud
On November 4, 2008, Komuro was arrested and charged with fraud, for taking ¥500,000,000 in exchange for a promise to sell to a Hyōgo-based investor the copyright to his songs, which he had already sold to somebody else (which was Avex Group Holdings according to reports). Reportedly, he planned to use the money to pay a portion of his ex-wife's alimony. He admitted the fraud at his trial in January 2009.In March 2009, Masato Matsuura, president of the Avex Group Holdings, recovered the losses for the plaintiff, paid him extra ¥100 million in compensation and a further ¥48 million in delay damages. Matsuura also stated that Komuro will work at Avex in a company position directly under his control. On May 11, 2009, Komuro received a suspended three-year prison sentence. According to the sentencing judge, Komuro's acceptance of responsibility and the fact that restitution had been made greatly influenced the final sentence, and further went on to state that no good to society would come from Komuro's imprisonment. 2009–2020: Comeback
At the Avex Group Holdings' concert tour a-nation 2009, Komuro made a surprise appearance on August 22, 2009. He played a medley of his hit songs at the piano and later reunited on stage with his fellow members of the J-pop group globe, Marc Panther and his wife Keiko. Komuro composed AAA's double A-side single "Aitai Riyū/Dream After Dream (Yume Kara Sameta Yume)".The single was released on May 5, 2010. He composed almost all the songs on Love Songs, the 2010 album of Japanese pop-star Ayumi Hamasaki. He also composed the 2013 single "Feel The Love" by Ayumi Hamasaki. In January 2018, <mask> announced his retirement from the music industry, following revelations of an affair he had with a nurse who had been taking care of his wife Keiko after her brain surgery. In July 2020, <mask> once again returned to the industry producing singles for Ayumi Hamasaki & Nogizaka46. It was speculated that Komuro's return was financially motivated; since the fraud controversy, Komuro has had financial difficulties. During much of 2019 and 2020, it was reported that negotiations between him and Keiko for a divorce settlement were underway, although nothing official was ever reported.in February 2021, it was reported that Keiko's divorce had been finalized. Discography
Studio albums
 Digitalian is Eating Breakfast (December 9, 1989)
 Psychic Entertainment Sound (with Mr. Maric, September 21, 1990)
 Hit Factory (October 21, 1992)
 Piano Voice: TK Piano Works (March 19, 2003)
 Far Eastern Wind – Winter (February 13, 2008)
 Far Eastern Wind – Spring (March 5, 2008)
 Far Eastern Wind – Summer (July 23, 2008)
 Far Eastern Wind – Autumn (September 10, 2008)
 Digitalian is Eating Breakfast 2 (May 4, 2011)
 Digitalian is Eating Breakfast 3 (March 6, 2013)
 EDM Tokyo (April 2, 2014)
 Jobs #1 (March 15, 2017)

Live albums
 Tetsuya Komuro Jungle Massive (July 19, 1995)
 TK-Trap (May 22, 1996)
 Synthesized Trance Vol. 1 (November 20, 2002)
 Synthesized Trance Vol. (DJ TK Mix)" (April 1, 2007)
 "Now 1" (January 30, 2013)
 "Nijūniseiki e no Kakehashi" (with Kenichi Maeyamada, December 4, 2013)
 "Freedom (Remode)/Love Again (Remode)" (July 8, 2015)
 "#Run" (feat. Sayaka Kanda & Tofubeats, December 23, 2015)
 "Have Dreams!" (with Tsunku feat. May J., April 13, 2016)
 "A New Lease on Life" (May 9, 2016)
 "Blue Ocean" (June 15, 2016)
 "Get Wild 2017 TK Remix" (March 8, 2017)
 "Guardian" (feat.Beverly, June 6, 2018)
 "Running to Horizon (206 Mix)" (April 28, 2021)

References

External links

 Tetsuya Komuro Infosite
 Tetsuya Komuro anime at Media Arts Database
 <mask> Komuro at Oricon

1958 births
Anime composers
Avex Group artists
Globe (band) members
Japanese composers
Japanese fraudsters
Japanese guitarists
Japanese film score composers
Japanese keyboardists
Japanese male composers
Japanese male film score composers
Japanese male singer-songwriters
Japanese singer-songwriters
Japanese record producers
Japanese techno musicians
Living people
People from Fuchū, Tokyo
Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists

masks: Tetsuya Komuro Komuro Komuro Tetsuya


title: James Phillips (kickboxer)

texts:
<mask> (born June 11, 1980) is a German heavyweight kickboxer of African American descent, currently competing in K-1. He is former European muay thai champion and two time K-1 Croatia tournament champion. He is trained by Michael Damboer and fights out of Thai-Bombs Mannheim. Biography and career

<mask> wurde am 11. 06. 1980 in Mannheim/Deutschland als Sohn einer deutschen Mutter und eines Afro-Amerikanischen Vaters geboren. Bereits im jugendlichen Alter von 11 Jahren entdeckte er die Faszination des Kampfsports für sich.Die ersten vier Jahre trainierte er vor allem Karate, erweiterte aber das Training um weitere Kampfkunst-Arten wie Judo, JKD, Kali, Wing Tsung, Aikido und Kickboxen. Im Alter von nur 17 Jahren entdeckte er zusätzlich die Kampfsportart “Muay Thai” für sich, in der er in den kommenden Jahren zahlreiche Siege feiern durfte. Während der Amateurlaufbahn wurde er im Jahr 2002 unter anderem auch Muay Thai Europameister. Als sportbegeisterter Kämpfer komplettierte er seine Techniken noch mit klassischem Boxen (Schwergewicht) und holte sich auch hierfür zwei Meistertitel ab. <mask> kämpfte von 1999 – 2003 in der deutschen Nationalmannschaft. Mit den Kenntnissen und sportlichen Fähigkeiten und Erfolgen wandte sich <mask> auch den K1 – Kämpfen zu. Hier erlangte er zahlreiche weitere Meistertitel, unter anderem ist er aktuell der amtierende Weltmeister im K-1 – 86 Kg.Außerdem wurde er zwei mal Europmeister im Kickboxen. Das hohe Engagement im Kampfsport und die unglaublichen Erfolge führten dazu, das <mask> sein Wissen um die Techniken und sein Können so perfektionierte, dass er die von ihm praktizierten Kampfkünste weitergeben kann. Deshalb gründete er im Jahr 2010 das “Team Phillips Fight and Fitness” und bildet seither junge Nachwuchstalente aus. Seine ruhige und ausgeglichene Art und die besonders in der Kampfkunst notwendige, weise Überlegenheit zeichnen ihn im Umgang mit seinen Schülern in besonderem Maße aus. <mask> ist verheiratet und Vater von zwei Töchtern. <mask> was born in 1980 in Mannheim, of African American heritage. He started his martial arts training at the age of 13.He studied karate and kickboxing for 4 years before moving on to Muay Thai in 1997 with the Thai-Bombs Mannheim e.V. He also competed in amateur boxing. He is married and father of two girls. Titles
Professional
 2014 IKBO World K-1 champion (86 kg)
 2011 Fight Night Mannheim Champion
 2010 IKBF European Kickboxing champion (91 Kg)
 2010 K-1 Collizion Croatia Vize Champion
2009 K-1 ColliZion Croatia champion
 2009 K-1 Collizion World Grand Prix (Final Elimination)
 2007 K-1 Network World Grand Prix
 2007 K-1 Fighting Network Croatia champion
 2006 Fight Night Mannheim champion
 2005 K-1 Final Battle champion
 2005 The Fight Club Riccione tournament champion
 2004 WMC / S1 Heavyweight Tournament Champion
 2003 IKBF European Kickboxing champion (86 kg)

Amateur
 2003 IMTF Teilnahme an der Amateur Muay Thai World championship in Bangkok
 2002 IMTF European Amateur Muaythai champion – (Europameister Muay Thai)
 2001 IMTF Teilnahme an der Amateur Muay Thai World championship in Bangkok
 2000 IMTF German Amateur Muay Thai Champion – (deutscher Meister Muay Thai)
 2000 IMTF Swiss Amateur Muay Thai Champion – (Schweizer Meister Muay Thai)
 2000 IMTF 3. Place European Amateur Muay Thai Champion
 2000 Baden-Württembergischer Amateur Muay Thai Champion
 1999 IMTF Teilnahme an der Amateur Muay Thai World championship in Bangkok
 1999 IMTF German Amateur Muay Thai Champion – (deutscher Meister Muay Thai)
 1999 Bayerischer Amateur Champion
 1998 IMTF German Amateur Muay Thai Vize Champion
 1998 Baden-Württembergischer Amateur Muay Thai Champion

Kickboxing record

|-
|-  bgcolor="FFBBBB"
| 2016-05-07 || Loss ||align=left| Bogdan Stoica || Showdown Fight Night || Mannheim, Germany || KO || 2 ||
|-
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2015-09-12 || Win ||align=left| Errol Konning  || It's Fight Time 2 || Darmstadt, Germany || Decision || 3 || 3:00
|- bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2014-04-26 || Win ||align=left| Almedin Hasanagic  || Rhein Neckar Fight Night || Ludwigshafen, Germany || KO || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2007-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Florian Ogunade || Fight Night Mannheim "The Battle Continues" || Mannheim, Germany || Ext. R Decision (Split) || 4 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2007-06-23 || Loss ||align=left| Zabit Samedov || K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 in Amsterdam || Amsterdam, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2007-03-10 || Win ||align=left| Ante Varnica || K-1 Fighting Network Croatia 2007 || Split, Croatia || KO (Right hooks) || 2 || 1:01
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2007-03-10 || Win ||align=left| Damir Tovarovic || K-1 Fighting Network Croatia 2007 || Split, Croatia || TKO (Knee to the body) || 1 || 1:33
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2007-03-10 || Win ||align=left| Dragan Jovanović || K-1 Fighting Network Croatia 2007 || Split, Croatia || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2007-01-27 || Win ||align=left| Roman Kupcak || Fight Night || Mannheim, Germany || KO (High kick) || 2 || N/A
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2006-09-16 || Win ||align=left| Mohamed Oudriss || Fight Night Mannheim 2006 || Mannheim, Germany || TKO (Corner stoppage) || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2005-12-10 || Win ||align=left| Waldemar Dohmke || K-1 Final Battle 2005 || Lübeck, Germany || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2005-10-29 || Win ||align=left| Rodney Faverus || K-1 New Talents 2005 in Germany || Koblenz, Germany || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2005-06-25 || Win ||align=left| Attila Karacs || The Fight Club Riccione 4-men tournament || Riccione, Italy || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2002-10-28 || Win ||align=left| Unknown Fighter || IMTF European championships || Portugal || Decision || 4 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-10-27 || Win ||align=left| Mdiba || Kickbox Gala in Ratheim || Ratheim, Germany || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
 List of K-1 Events
 List of K-1 champions
 List of male kickboxers

External links
 Fight & Fitness

References

1980 births
Living people
German Muay Thai practitioners
Sportspeople from Mannheim
German people of African-American descent
German male kickboxers
SUPERKOMBAT kickboxers

masks:
James Phillips
James Phillips
James
James
James
James
James Phillips


title: Ernest McFarland

texts:
<mask> (October 9, 1894 – June 8, 1984) was an American politician, jurist and, with Warren Atherton, one of the "Fathers of the G.I. Bill." He is the only Arizonan to serve in the highest office in all three branches of Arizona government, two at the state level, one at the federal level. He was a Democratic Senator from Arizona from 1941 to 1953 (Majority Leader from 1951 to 1953) before he was the tenth governor of Arizona from 1955 to 1959. Finally, <mask> sat as Chief Justice on the Arizona Supreme Court in 1968. Early life
<mask> was born to William Thomas and Keziah (Smith) <mask> on October 9, 1894, in a log cabin on his family's farm in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, near Earlsboro. When he was eight, his family moved to Okemah for a year before it returned to Earlsboro.That had the effect of delaying <mask>'s education for a year as Okemah then had no schools. As a result, he graduated from Earlsburg High School in 1914. After high school. <mask> enrolled at East Central State Normal School in Ada, Oklahoma. He completed the required work for a temporary teaching certificate after one quarter. In late 1914 and early 1915, <mask> taught in a one-room school in Schoolton, Oklahoma, to raise funds for his education. He then returned to East Central and taught mathematics at Ada High School to pay for his education.Meanwhile, he was active in his school's debating societies and began a friendship with Robert S. Kerr, who was a member of the same debate club. In mid-1915, <mask> completed his studies at East Central and left the school with a lifetime teaching certificate. After East Central, <mask> enrolled at the University of Oklahoma. Working various part-time jobs, he initially studied mathematics with the intention of having a career in education. After a year he changed majors to pre-law. Studying at an accelerated rate, <mask> graduated with a bachelor's degree on June 5, 1917. Following his graduation, <mask> joined the US Navy soon after the US entered World War I, <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Navy.He entered the military on December 11, 1917, as a seaman second class and was assigned to the Great Lakes Naval Training Station. The climate on the shore of Lake Michigan did not agree with him, and he was admitted to a naval hospital on March 3, 1918, as suffering from pneumonia. <mask> spent the next several months in the hospital dealing with a variety of problems, including pericarditis, emphysema, and pleurisy. It was not until early 1919 that <mask> had recovered enough for a navy medical board to recommend he receive an honorable discharge, which became effective on January 31, 1919. Early career
After leaving the Navy, <mask> returned to Oklahoma for a short time before he decoded to move to Arizona. He arrived in Phoenix on May 10, 1919, and after several days found employment at a local bank. Seeing little opportunity for advancement at the bank, he applied to the Stanford University Law School.Before leaving to begin classes, he filed for a  homestead near Casa Grande. <mask> would later refer to the land as his "jackrabbit farm." <mask> attended law school for four quarters before he took a break. His parents and younger brother had moved to Arizona. At the time, Stanford recommended all law students to spend a quarter interning at a legal office. Feeling homesick after a year in California, <mask> worked at the Phoenix office of Phillips, Cox, and Phillips. Hewas legal clerk for future Arizona Governor John Calhoun Phillips.<mask> was also introduced to a variety of figures within the Arizona political establishment. At the completion of his internship, he returned to Stanford. <mask> completed work on his Juris Doctor in the summer quarter in 1922. In addition to his law degree, he had completed the class work for a Masters of Arts degree in political science. <mask> was admitted to the Arizona Bar later that year. Upon graduation from law school, <mask> moved to Casa Grande to "prove up" his homestead claim and open his first legal practice. The Arizona economy was doing poorly, and he found little legal work.He dealt with the lack of work by becoming involved in politics. <mask> worked for George W. P. Hunt's campaign during the 1922 governor's race. After Hunt won the election, <mask> received an appointment as assistant attorney general. In mid-1924, he returned to Stanford to complete work on his master's degree. Later that year he was elected county attorney for Pinal County. As state law required the county attorney to reside in the county seat, <mask> moved to Florence. He served three 2-year terms in that position.<mask> married Clair Collins on January 1, 1926. The couple had initially met at a Christmas party at Stanford in 1919. They had corresponded after their initial meeting, and by the time <mask> was elected, Collins was working at a teacher at Florence's high school. The couple had a son, <mask>, in 1927 and a daughter, Jean Clair, in February 1929. William became ill and died several days before his sister's birth, and Jean died two days after her birth. <mask>'s wife suffered from depression following the loss of their two children. She showed signs of improvement in 1930 as the couple expected a third child.The third child, Juliette, was stillborn, and <mask> developed postpartum complications, which led to her death on December 12, 1930. By February 1930, <mask> represented the state during Eva Dugan's final appeal before her execution, a task that he found very unpleasant. Shortly afterwards, he decided that he was tired of being a prosecutor. Instead, <mask> ran for a seat on the Superior Court in Pinal County but lost the race to the incumbent, Judge E. L. Green, 1464 to 1358. Upon leaving office as county attorney, <mask> joined with his chief assistant, Tom Fulbright, to found the law office of McFarland and Fulbright. The practice gained public recognition when <mask> won an appeal that determined Winnie Ruth Judd to be insane, but its primary area of effort was water law. Despite the success of his legal practice, <mask> still wished to become a judge.He ran a second time in 1934, defeated E. L. Green 2543 to 1542 in the primary, and was unopposed in general election. In 1935, <mask> was sworn in, and he sat on the bench for the next six years. As his workload in Pinal County was light, he accepted cases from other parts of the state, which allowed him to sit on the bench in every county in the state and to gain experience in issues in all parts of the state. As a judge, his rulings were well respected, and he was overturned on appeal only three times. While on the bench, <mask> became romantically involved with a widow, Edna Eveland Smith, who had a young daughter, Jewell. She taught history and mathematics at Florence High School until the couple married in Tucson on June 1, 1939. <mask> also adopted his wife's daughter.US Senator
<mask> considered a run for a seat in the US House of Representatives following the resignation of Isabella Greenway and was repeatedly encouraged to run for Arizona Attorney General. Realizing that he lacked the resources for a statewide campaign, he did not run for those offices. During the Senate election of 1940, <mask> counted on voters in Phoenix and Tucson to oppose any candidate from the other city. He toured the state and reacquainted himself to various political leaders he had met during his time on the bench, but he waited to announce his intentions to run. <mask>'s late entry did not hurt him as he won the primary by nearly two-to-one and defeated the incumbent, Henry F. Ashurst. He went on to win the general election and took office in January 1941. His initial committee assignments were to Indian Affairs, Interstate Commerce, Irrigation and Reclamation, Judiciary, and Pensions.Shortly after arriving in the Senate, Senator Gerald Nye convinced the Senate to create a committee looking into use of propaganda by the radio and motion picture industries. Senator Burton K. Wheeler recommended <mask> be placed on Nye's committee under the assumption the freshman senator "would keep his mouth shut." Instead of remaining silent, <mask> became an outspoken critic of the committee and pointed out many accusations against films were being made by individuals who had not seen any of the films in question. <mask> gained national attention for his actions on the committee, with most of the nation viewing him favorably. As a member of the Communications subcommittee, <mask> was involved in hearings dealing with the impact of developments in airmail, radio, telephones, and teletypes to the nation's telegraph services. The US telegraph market was dominated by Postal Telegraph and Western Union. Postal had been borrowing money from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to maintain its infrastructure even though it was becoming obvious that Postal would be unable to pay back the loans.Those dealings with the FCC led <mask> to develop an interest in communications. <mask>'s experience in World War I led him to take an interest in the welfare of the troops during World War II. Arguing that many members of the military had left jobs, families, and schools to fight during the war, <mask> sponsored the GI Bill as a means to assisting soldiers and sailors as they transitioned back into civilian life. <mask> was re-elected to the Senate in 1946 and received an honorary L.L.D. from the University of Arizona in 1950. In 1950, the Democratic membership of the Senate formed a 12-person team to ensure that at least one member of their party was on the floor of the Senate whenever the Senate was in session. That was done to ensure that the Democratic membership could be called to the floor if ever a vote was to be taken.<mask> was selected leader of the team and found it easier to remain on the floor himself than to find others to take the duty. During the 1950 election, the two leading candidates for Democratic majority leader lost their re-election bids. With other members of his party appreciative of his efforts, <mask> was encouraged to run for a leadership position in January 1951. <mask> was selected to be Senate Majority Leader for the 82nd  Congress. As majority leader, <mask> hosted a monthly lunch meeting to which he invited all committee chairmen and all freshmen senators. He used the informal setting as a forum to conduct a variety of Senate business. For two years, <mask> had sat next to Harry Truman while they were both in the Senate.Both men then friends during this time, a situation that made it easy for the Senate Majority Leader to work with Truman after he became president. <mask> believed it was part of his duty as majority leader to inform the president of an accurate view of what his fellow senators felt: "I never hesitated to present views contrary to those of the President in our conferences. As I've said before, I think that too frequently, the President is only told things people think he wants to hear. I would like to emphasize that it is not pleasant to present a view contrary to that of the President in such conferences." He felt that his duties as majority leader were separate from those of representing the interests of his constituents. He spoke before appropriations committee to ask for funds to bring water from the Colorado River to Central Arizona. He became an expert on water law because of his efforts on Irrigation and Reclamation Committee.He lost to Republican Barry Goldwater in both the 1952 and 1958 Senate elections. Governor
<mask> was elected governor of Arizona in 1954 and re-elected in 1956. He worked with members of the Bureau of Reclamation to pick a location for the Glen Canyon Dam, and he emphasized education during his two terms in office. Television venture
Shortly after he returned from the Senate, he and several friends formed the Arizona Television Company to start a television station in Phoenix. <mask> had long been intrigued by the still-new medium. In 1955, shortly after he had become governor, he opened KTVK, Phoenix's third television station. He chose the call letters "because TV would be our middle name."KTVK was the ABC affiliate for much of Arizona until 1995 and then became one of the nation's most successful independent stations. It remained in the hands of <mask>'s family until 1999. Return to law
<mask> tried unsuccessfully to unseat Goldwater in 1958. After serving as governor, he returned to his law practice and was elected associate justice of the Arizona Supreme Court in 1964. He took part in Miranda v. Arizona and served as Chief Justice in 1968, thus completing a political "grand slam." Later life

In his mid-1970s, <mask> served as director of the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco and president of the Arizona Television Company. He died in Phoenix and is buried in that city's Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery.Legacy
There is now a monument at the Arizona State Capitol honoring him as the "Father of the G.I. Bill." Also, the McFarland State Historic Park in Florence, Arizona, contains a preserved courthouse and other buildings from when Arizona was just a territory in 1878. McFarland purchased and donated them to the Arizona State Parks Board. References

External links

 McFarland State Historic Park
 McFarland Collection of historic documents
 Arizona State Capitol Monument
 Congress Biography
 Biography from the Senate

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1894 births
1984 deaths
People from Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma
American people of Scottish descent
Democratic Party United States senators from Arizona
Arizona Democrats
Governors of Arizona
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Chief Justices of the Arizona Supreme Court
20th-century American judges
People from Casa Grande, Arizona
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Lawyers from Phoenix, Arizona
Stanford University alumni
University of Oklahoma alumni
East Central University alumni
Justices of the Arizona Supreme Court
United States Navy personnel of World War I
Military personnel from Oklahoma
United States Navy sailors
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers

masks:
Ernest William McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
McFarland
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William Ernest
McFarland
Clare McFarland
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McFarland
McFarland
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McFarland
McFarland
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McFarland


title: Frank Kent

texts:
<mask> (1877–1958) was an American journalist and political theorist of the 1920s and 1930s whose Baltimore Sun column "The Great Game of Politics" was syndicated nationally. Background

<mask> was born in 1877 in Baltimore, Maryland. His uncle was <mask>, also a prominent journalist. Career

1900s-1910s

<mask> was based in Baltimore, where he started as a cub reporter for the Baltimore Sun in 1898 or 1900. His colleague was H.L. Mencken. In 1902, he wrote state and local politics.In 1910, he spent a year as Washington correspondent. In 1911, he became managing editor of both the Baltimore Sun and the Baltimore Evening Sun at the behest of the newspaper's new owner, Charles H. Grasty. 1920s
In 1922, he became London correspondent. In 1923, <mask> began a daily column on the front page of the Baltimore Sun called "The Great Game of Politics", syndicated to 140 papers nationwide (thanks in part of support from <mask>. Roosevelt. He was one of the big-name journalists who covered the Scopes "Monkey Trial" in 1925. <mask> championed President Herbert Hoover. The Maryland Democratic Party approached <mask> to run for office, but he declined in part because he despised methods of campaign financing and cherished his independence.<mask> wrote a column on Washington for The New Republic magazine during the administrations of Presidents Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover. 1930s

Although a nominal member of the Democratic Party, by the 1930s he was one of the leading conservative critics of the New Deal programs of the incoming administration of 32nd President <mask>. Roosevelt (1882-1945, served 1933-1945), which attempted to fight and counteract the deepening Great Depression since the Wall Street Crash of 1929, at the beginning of the previous Republican Party administration of 31st President  Herbert Hoover. Writing from the Washington Bureau of The Sun of Baltimore, <mask> espoused  his viewpoints with a daily column that beside informing just Baltimoreans and Marylanders but that reached millions of readers in syndicated additional newspapers across the country. Media historians group him with commentators/columnists  David Lawrence, Walter Lippmann, Mark Sullivan, and Arthur Krock as influential political commentators in the 1930s. But by 1934 <mask>, a lifelong Democrat, turned against the New Deal. He criticized FDR and liberals who tried to disrupt his cherished Jeffersonian principles - the balanced budget, limited spending by the federal government, and a limited government. As his criticism became more severe, he charged that the Democrats no longer stood for states' rights.<mask> pronounced the New Deal's AAA farm program  a failure and was astonished that the Roosevelt administration did not propose to abandon it, but intended, instead, "to proceed from one experiment that has failed to a more drastic experiment along the same line" in the direction of greater control over agricultural production. As for the centerpiece of New Deal efforts to promote economic recovery, NRA, <mask> found no enthusiasm for it any longer. People no longer looked to see if there was an NRA Blue Eagle in the windows of the stores where they shopped. But the principal objection to the NRA was the growing conviction that the Roosevelt administration had ceased to consider the NRA and AAA as "merely temporary devices for the duration of the emergency". <mask> rejoiced when the Supreme Court invalidated the National Recovery Act. Desiring Roosevelt's defeat in the 1936 election, <mask> was crushed by the election results. In 1938, <mask> aide Harry Hopkins saying, "We are going to spend, spend, spend, tax, tax, tax, elect, elect and elect", leading to the phrase he coined, "tax-and-spend Democrat".1940s

In 1947, <mask> retired as journalist. On February 27, 1949, <mask> wrote on "Labor Bill Facts" for his "Great Game of Politics" column. <mask> stated that the "multitudinous arguments and allegations" for and against repeal of the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act were too detailed for the "average citizen to grasp". However, <mask> had four major points that any reader could understand. First, he explained, "the real force behind the drive to repeal are the CIO bosses and their publicity agencies", although supported by the AFL, UMW, and Railroad Brotherhood. Second, the CIO's "anti-Taft-Harley propaganda" vastly outweighed the act's supporters in terms of "violence, volume and in cost ... Literally, millions of dollars have been spent", more by the CIO than any other group.Third, labor unions care only for themselves, not the general public, while President Truman last year "used not only the arguments of Mr. Lee Pressman assailing the Taft-Hartley bill but much of his actual language. Fourth, the Truman administration owes labor so much for his 1948 election that he will sacrifice all others for them. Over the years, <mask>'s column went from daily to twice-weekly to thrice-weekly and finally to Sunday weekly. 1950s

In the 1950s, <mask> championed President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Vice President Richard M. Nixon. In January 5, 1958, <mask> published the last installment of his column. At the time of his death three months later, he was vice president of A.S. Abell Company, publisher of the Baltimore Sun. Personal life and death

<mask> married Minnie Whitman, who died in 1910; they had one child, <mask><mask> Jr.In 1916, he married Elizabeth Thomas. <mask> started as a Wilsonian liberal but came out against FDR and his New Deal. Alice Roosevelt Longworth, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt and widow of Speaker of the House Nicholas Longworth, was one of <mask>'s chief sources of both gossip and inside information in Washington. She and <mask> held regular social sessions in Washington. Rumor had it that they were lovers. <mask> served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known and Society for Science & the Public, from 1923-1927. <mask> died age 80 on April 14, 1958, at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.At his death, obituaries were read into the Congressional Record from the Baltimore News-Post, Baltimore Evening Sun, Washington Evening Star, Washington Post, Roanoke Times, Pittsburgh Press, and Charleston News & Courier. Legacy

"The Great Game of Politics"

The start of Kent's daily column "The Great Game of Politics" was of such note that weekly news magazine Time covered it with its own article. Memorial lecture

The Johns Hopkins University sponsors a <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture in Journalism. Speakers have included: Russell Baker, Walter Cronkite, Sam Donaldson, David Halberstam, Ted Koppel, Jane Bryant Quinn, James Reston, and Marvin Kalb. Recognition

In 1923, Time magazine wrote, "<mask><mask>, of the Baltimore Sun, has a habit of writing articles for his paper that would be produced in toto in Time would space and the copyright law permit." After becoming chief of the Washington bureau of the New York Times in 1931, Arthur Krock said that <mask>, Richard V. Oulahan (Krock's predecessor at the Times) and J. C. O'Laughlin of the Chicago Tribune were the best and most influential members of the Washington press corps, "not only in their coverage of the general news, but in producing news of special depth and authority due to the fact that they had quick access to presidents, Cabinet members and the leaders of Congress." At the time of his death in 1958, the New York Times called him "a spear that knew no brother" (referring to his disregard for having "friends in the Senate").In 1997, the Baltimore Sun said of <mask>:Before "Crossfire" and "The McLaughlin Group," before Germond-Witcover, before Robert Novak and William Safire, before Sam and George and Cokie and even before David, before "Meet the Press" with Tim Russert, even before "Meet the Press" with Lawrence Spivak, there was -- <mask>. <mask> ... who more or less invented "inside-the-Beltway" journalism in the 1920s and honed it into its present-day shape and sharpness in the 1930s. In the 1990s, House Speaker Newt Gingrich argued that <mask> should serve as the model for Washington journalists because <mask> genuinely liked politicians and understood them as human beings. Works

<mask>'s book The Great Game of Politics (1924) was an influential statement that influenced V. O. Key Jr. and the "behavioral school of politics". <mask> explained the real rules of the game of politics as actually played by politicians. The Story of Maryland Politics (1911)
 The Great Game of Politics (1924)
 History of the Democratic Party (1925)
 Political Behavior (1928)

References

External links
 <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture: Phillip Potter, "The Press, the President, and Vietnam", 10 May 1968

Further reading
 Best, Gary Dean. The Critical Press and the New Deal: The Press Versus Presidential Power, 1933-1938 (1993)
 Fitzgerald, Keith."History, institutions, and political culture: V.O. Key as an exemplar for a revived research program". Political Science Reviewer (December 31, 2000). Goll, Eugene W.  "<mask><mask>'s Opposition to <mask>. Roosevelt and the New Deal", Maryland Historical Magazine 1968 63(2): 158–171. Riley, Sam G. ed. Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists (1995) pp 155–6
 <mask>, <mask>. The Great Game of Politics: An Effort to Present the Elementary Human Facts About Politics, Politicians, and Political Machines, Candidates and Their Ways (1923)

1877 births
1958 deaths
American male journalists
American political writers
American political scientists

masks:
Frank Richardson Kent
Frank Richardson Kent
Frank Richardson
Kent
Kent
Franklin D
Kent
Kent
Kent
Franklin D
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
KentDR
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
Kent
Frank Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Franklin D
Kent
Frank R


title: Nathaniel Shilkret

texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1889 – February 18, 1982) was an American composer, conductor, clarinetist, pianist, business executive, and music director. Early career
<mask> (originally named Natan Schüldkraut) was born in New York City, United States, to parents who emigrated from Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine). His father played a number of instruments, and made certain that Nat and his three brothers were all accomplished musicians at an early age. Older brother <mask> was a fine pianist who also worked in the insurance industry. Younger brother <mask> had a career that paralleled <mask>'s career: he played clarinet and piano, recorded extensively, and conducted and played piano on the radio and in motion pictures. The youngest brother <mask> was a medical doctor, who worked his way through school playing trumpet, and continued to play trumpet frequently in <mask>'s orchestras, particularly for radio broadcasts, long after he was a practicing allergist. <mask>'s brother-in-law, <mask>, was a violinist in many organizations in his youth and was musical director for Paramount Pictures and later for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, at one time being <mask>'s boss.<mask> was a child prodigy, touring the country with the New York Boys' Orchestra from the ages of seven to thirteen as their clarinet soloist. From his late teens to mid-twenties he was a clarinetist in the best New York music organizations, including the New York Philharmonic Society (under Vasily Safonov and Gustav Mahler), the New York Symphony Orchestra, the Metropolitan Opera House Orchestra, the Russian Symphony Orchestra, Victor Herbert's Orchestra, Arnold Volpe's Orchestra, Sousa's Grand Concert Band, Arthur Pryor's Band, and Edwin Franko Goldman's Band. He was also a rehearsal pianist for Walter Damrosch, playing for stars who included dancer Isadora Duncan. In June 1914, he married Anne Finston (née Anna Finston aka Finkelstein; 1895–1958), sister of a fellow musician <mask> (né <mask> Finkelstein; 1890–1979). <mask> and Anna Finston had a son, <mask> (1915–1982). He joined the Foreign Department of the Victor Talking Machine Company (later RCA Victor) around 1915, and soon was made manager of the department. In 1926, <mask> became "director of light music" for Victor.He directed thousands of recordings, possibly more than anyone in recording history. His son Arthur estimated the sales of these records was of the order of 50 million copies. He formed, wrote arrangements for, and conducted the Victor Salon Orchestra. He was the conductor of choice for many of Victor's innovative recordings. He conducted Victor's first record made by the electrical process in 1925, the first commercial (albeit unsuccessful) Victor Long Playing record in 1931, and was the first conductor to successfully dub an electrically recorded orchestral accompaniment over the acoustically recorded vocals of Enrico Caruso, Victor's star recording artist, who died in 1921, before electrical recording was developed. The premiere recording of George Gershwin's symphonic poem An American in Paris, in 1929, was one of five conducted by <mask> that later earned Grammy Awards. <mask> also conducted Paul Whiteman's Orchestra in the first electrical recording of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue in 1927 (after Whiteman refused to conduct following a disagreement with Gershwin).Radio and the recording studio
He was also one of radio's earliest stars, estimating that he made over 3000 broadcasts between 1925 and 1941, including being the conductor for The Eveready Hour, regarded as the first major commercial broadcast and the first major variety show. His sponsors included Camel, Carnation, Chesterfield, Esso, Eveready, General Electric, General Motors, Hires Root Beer, Knickerbocker, Lysol, Maxwell House, Mobil Oil, Palmolive, RCA Victor, Salada tea and Smith Brothers' Cough Drops. Between his conducting for records and for radio, virtually every musical star of the day performed under the baton of <mask>. His orchestra members included Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Mike Mosiello, Joe Lipman and Del Staigers. George Gershwin, Jascha Heifetz, Mischa Elman and Andrés Segovia all played under his direction. Opera stars Rose Bampton, Lucrezia Bori, Feodor Chaliapin, Jon Crain, Richard Crooks, Miguel Fleta, Emilio de Gogorza, Amelita Galli-Curci, Mary Garden, Beniamino Gigli, Helen Jepson, Maria Jeritza, Giovanni Martinelli, Nino Martini, John McCormack, James Melton, Grace Moore, Jan Peerce, Lily Pons, Rosa Ponselle, Elisabeth Rethberg, Gladys Rice, Tito Schipa, Gladys Swarthout, John Charles Thomas, and Lawrence Tibbett were all conducted by <mask> in their recordings of light-classical and popular songs. The lists of popular singers and foreign artists that played under his direction are just as impressive.Compositions

He composed and arranged thousands of pieces. His best-known popular composition was "The Lonesome Road", first sung by co-writer Gene Austin, and later by Jules Bledsoe (dubbing Stepin Fetchit) in the final scene of the 1929 part-talkie film version of Show Boat, and recorded by more than two hundred artists, including Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Paul Robeson. He composed the theme song "Lady Divine" for the Academy Award-winning film The Divine Lady in 1929. He also composed the theme song "Some Sweet Day" for the film Children of the Ritz in the same year. His composition "Jeannine, I Dream of Lilac Time" sold almost two million copies of sheet music and was also recorded by over a hundred top artists, including Louis Armstrong, Skitch Henderson, Guy Lombardo, The London Philharmonic Orchestra, John McCormack, Mitch Miller, Hugo Montenegro, The Platters, and Lawrence Welk. His Concerto for Trombone was premiered in 1945 by Tommy Dorsey, playing with the New York Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. The piece was unavailable to the public from the mid-1950s until Scottish trombonist Bryan Free rescued it from obscurity at the beginning of the 21st century.It was re-premiered at Carnegie Hall by the New York Pops, under the direction of Skitch Henderson, with Jim Pugh as soloist. Since its revival, the Concerto for Trombone has been performed about eighty times (with more performances scheduled) in the United States, Canada and several European countries. Later career
<mask> left RCA Victor in mid-1935, but continued to record occasionally for the company. His last recording released on the Victor label was the American Banjo Album (P-218) recorded in October 1946. This album was reissued shortly after the Victor issue as one side of an LP under the Aztec label. <mask> moved to Los Angeles in late 1935 and there contributed music scores and musical direction for a string of Hollywood films for RKO (as musical director from 1935 to 1937), Walter Lantz Productions (one of the studio's musical directors during 1937) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (as a musical director from 1942 to 1946). His films included Mary of Scotland (1936), Swing Time (1936), The Plough and the Stars, and Shall We Dance?(1937) and several films of Laurel and Hardy. He also received an Oscar nomination for his work scoring the film version of Maxwell Anderson's stage drama Winterset (1936). In 1939, he conducted a group of soloists (including tenor Jan Peerce) and the Victor Symphony Orchestra for RCA Victor's multi-disc tribute to Victor Herbert, which were recorded following a special NBC radio broadcast, and he recorded a number of other albums in 1939 and 1940. Due to a serious abdominal operation for cancer removal, he did not conduct for most of 1941. In 1944–45, <mask> led the collaborative project that created Genesis Suite, a work for narrator, chorus, and orchestra based on the events in the biblical Book of Genesis. This collaboration involved <mask>, plus six other composers who immigrated to the United States from Europe – most of whom were Jewish – contributing one movement each: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Darius Milhaud, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Alexandre Tansman and Ernst Toch. Shilkret also tried to involve Béla Bartók in the collaborative project, but this was unsuccessful.He worked at RKO-Pathe, making short films from 1946 through the mid-1950s. During this same period he recorded at least 260 transcriptions for SESAC. He was the pit orchestra conductor for the Broadway show Paris '90 in 1952. In 1951, <mask> wrote the music for a brief documentary titled, The Flying Padre, that was directed by a young Stanley Kubrick. He lived in his son's home in Franklin Square, New York from the mid-1950s, until his death in 1982. He was a great-uncle of actress Julie Warner. References

External links

<mask>
Nathaniel Shilkret recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings., written and directed by James A. Fitzpatrick; fictional 11-minute 1925 film short about Franz Liszt; <mask> appears, conducting his orchestra. 1889 births
1982 deaths
American male composers
American composers
Big band bandleaders
Musicians from New York (state)
Jewish American composers
Jewish American songwriters
Victor Records artists
Songwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
American male songwriters

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Nathaniel Shilkret
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