title: Morgan Featherstone

texts:
<mask> (born 20 October 1994) is a former fashion model based in Melbourne. <mask>'s modeling career began at six months of age when she appeared in a national Australian Dairy Farmers cheese commercial and she quickly became one of Australia's top child models. She was the subject of controversy when, at 8 years of age, fashion photos of her were displayed around the world. <mask>'s pictures were used to market goods in the Australian and Asian markets, but they generated a public backlash when her mature poses were seen as the naturalized sexualization of young girls' bodies. According to her mother, Amy Dean, looking older was not the intention. The publicity generated helped to boost her career; she flew to Hollywood to audition for roles in the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful and the drama Charmed, and she was also signed with a cosmetics company in a deal worth tens of thousands of dollars and signed with model agents in Berlin, Tokyo and Los Angeles. She was also the subject of German and British documentaries, and signed a financial contract with Scottish documentary makers Wark Clements in 2004.Featherstone was the youngest ever cover model on "Who Weekly" magazine (25 August 2003) and has also appeared on the covers of Australian magazines "New Idea"(twice),"Woman's Day", London's celebrity magazine "Celebs" (23 May 2004) and numerous others worldwide. Photos of Featherstone with celebrities such as Delta Goodrem, Cameron Diaz, Alyssa Milano, Rose McGowan, Kiss, Cold Chisel, the Veronicas, Anthony Mundine and Brian McFadden have appeared in numerous magazines around the world. Featherstone was used as the feature model in newspaper stories (Courier Mail 14 July 2006) based on research conducted which suggested good-looking people are more intelligent. The article highlighted her academic achievements countering suggestions that her modeling career would hamper her schoolwork. Despite intense media speculation that her modeling career would cause long-term harm to her development it appears from media articles that the opposite has occurred with journalists commenting on her friendly and down to earth personality. This was highlighted in September 2007 when Featherstone appeared in a two-page article in Sydney's Daily Telegraph (Daily Telegraph 20 September 2007) with the headline "From Child Model to Model Child" and on Channel 9's "A Current Affair" highlighting her modeling and academic achievements and detailing her wishes to be involved in animal conservation. She rejected claims that her modeling career ruined her childhood and said she would be happy to stop modeling if it meant she could realize her dreams of working with animals.In November 2007 <mask> held a fashion parade in Brisbane City that raised $10 000 for charity. In October 2009 <mask> organised $5000 worth of prizes and personally sponsored the photography for the Downs Syndrome Association of Queensland's Annual Gala Ball. <mask> appeared on Australian current affairs program "Today Tonight" (26 February 2008) in a story that labelled her as "Australia's youngest home owner" where she proudly showed off her 4 bedroom, 3 bathroom house she was in the middle of renovating. In the same week <mask>'s photo was used as a background photo on Australian television breakfast program "Sunrise" for an interview with Doctor Karen Brooks about bad role models for children. Also featured in the interview were Paris Hilton and Britney Spears. Brooks has criticized Featherstone in the media about being a bad example for other children numerous times since 2003. Featherstone has stated that she has never met Brooks but "she is allowed to have her opinion about me.Miss Brooks has never asked to meet me but I would be happy to as I'm sure that she would rather base her assessments on me personally rather than on a photograph of me". When asked whether this criticism upset her <mask> replied "not at all, I don't worry when people say bad things about me. They don't know me and are only guessing. I'm happy with myself and my life and I hope they are as well". Australian current affairs show "Today Tonight" arranged for <mask> (at her suggestion) to be assessed by Doctor Phil Jauncey, a renowned psychologist known for his work with leading sports stars, to determine whether her modelling career had been of any detriment to her with Jauncey stating that, in his opinion, "<mask> is a happy child and her career is doing her no harm" which contradicted Brooks opinion that <mask> (who she had never met) was destined for psychological harm due to her modeling career. On 22 March 2008 <mask> was interviewed on Australian radio where she was asked what models she admired, to which <mask> replied "I don't admire models. Let's face it, it's not rocket science.It's fun work and you get paid well but I don't think modeling is something to be admired for". <mask> was used in stories on teenage models that appeared on Australian current affairs program "Today Tonight" (11 April 2008 and 20 May 2008) along with 14-year-old Polish model Monika Jagaciak with both models being banned from appearing in Fashion Weeks due to their ages. <mask> was again criticised for her involvement in the modeling industry and these concerns were heightened when Featherstone travelled to Hong Kong in June 2008 and appeared in numerous advertising campaigns which many critics believed portrayed Featherstone as being in her late teens. Local media referred to <mask> as "Australia's supertween model". <mask> was featured on Australia's highest ranking television show "60 Minutes" (22 June 2008) where she spoke openly about her modeling career and how much she enjoyed it. In a related story <mask> was asked what she thought of Brisbane Fashion Week banning models under the age of 16 from the catwalk to which Featherstone replied "I'm happy to wait until I'm 16 to model older clothes. It really is no big deal".<mask> appeared on Australian current affairs show "Today Tonight" (4 August 2008) as the featured model for a new hair straightener again raising concerns as to whether she was too young to be associated with such a product. In 2018 <mask> was working as a paralegal at a Melbourne law firm. References

1994 births
Living people
Australian female models
People from Brisbane

masks:
Morgan Featherstone
Career Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Morgan
Morgan
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
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Featherstone
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Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone


title: Almuth Beck

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 4 October 1940) is a German former teacher and politician (SED/PDS). After reunification she became the first member of a German parliament (Landtag) to be deprived of her parliamentary mandate on account of activities as an Informal collaborator for the Ministry for State Security (Stasi) in what was, at that time, East Germany. This, and successful legal challenges touching on her case, attracted attention across the nation. Life
<mask> was born in Sonneberg, a small and in some ways isolated town in the Thuringian hills to the south of Erfurt. When she was 4 war ended and the region found itself in the Soviet occupation zone, relaunched in October 1949 as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany). She passed her school final exams and went on to study between 1958 and 1962 at the University of Jena, during which time, in 1961, she married. She emerged qualified as a school teacher of History and German:  between 1962 and 1965 she taught at the secondary school in Föritz (Sonneberg) where she was also a deputy school director.Between 1965 and 1990 she served as an advisor on labour law at the Education Department of the Sonneberg district council. Between 1970 and 1973 she completed a distance-learning study course at the Karl-Marx University (as it was then known) in Leipzig which resulted in a degree in Educational psychology. In 1957 she became a member of the ruling Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED) at a relatively young age. After 1990 it emerged from the work on Stasi files that in the context of her advisory work with the local education department she had signed a "Declaration of Duty" ("Verpflichtungserklärung") for the Ministry for State Security, although she denied this. In 1990 she took a teaching job at the school in Mengersgereuth-Hämmern, then working between 1992 and 1994 as an adult education teacher. Politics
Regional elections took place on the same day as the general election, on 16 October 1994. Nationally the result was not encouraging for the former SED which had been relaunched, formally at the end of 1989, as the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) as part of a broader relaunch intended to prepare for a democratic future.In the states that had been East Germany ("neuen Bundesländer") support for the PDS increased from the low-point of 1990, however, and in the regional election in Thuringia the party won nearly 17% of the votes cast, which translated into 17 seats in the 88 seat parliament ("Landtag"). (Under the German system parties receiving less than 5% of the overall vote receive no seats in the resulting parliament, which is why, for the PDS, 17% of the votes translated into more than 17% of the seats.) <mask> was not one of those directly elected by a single electoral district ("constituency"), but her name was high enough up on the statewide party list submitted to the Thuringian voters for her to become one of 4 so-called "Direktmandaten" included in the 17 party representative elected as members of the parliament. In 1996 she became a member of the PDS regional party executive for Thuringia. Under § 1 paragraph 2 of the Thuringia Law on parliamentary representation ("Thüringer Abgeordnetengesetz") of 7 February 1991 it was stipulated that members of parliament found to have collaborated with the Ministry for State Security should lose their seats. During the first electoral term, which had run till 1994, this had been agreed between the political parties who had together applied to the Stasi Records Agency for a set of appropriate rules. During the second electoral term, which ran from 1994 till 1999, the PDS reversed their position and rejected the all-party agreement.On 18 May 1995, in defiance of the majority decision by the parliament ("Landtag"), and also in defiance of the wishes of individual members, three PDS parliamentarians launched a successful legal challenge in the Thuringian constitutional court. The three were Ursula Fischer, Konrad Scheringer and <mask> <mask>. The court decided that there was no legal basis for the provision. A rule placed in the parliament's regulations as this one had been was insufficient. The parliament then reinstated the regulation with what it believed was the necessary legal underpinnings. On 29 April 1999 the parliament, invoking § 8 of the Thuringia Law on parliamentary representation, withdrew the parliamentary mandate of <mask> <mask>, citing actions that made her "unworthy to be a member of the parliament" ("unwürdig, dem Landtag anzugehören"). That decision gave rise to a formal legal complaint from the PDS group in the chamber.The complaint was successful. The constitutional court ruled that the legislation in question had fallen outside the regional parliament's constitutional competence. The constitutional court did not involve itself in the actual issue of <mask> <mask>'s Stasi involvement. Having declared the law ineffective, the accuracy or otherwise of allegations arising from it was not an issue for consideration. <mask> <mask>, having acknowledged that her signature appeared on the Stasi "Declaration of Duty" ("Verpflichtungserklärung"), maintained that it was nothing more than a confidentiality agreement signed in the context of her dealings with the country's "secret services". Besides that, she asserted "I did no one any harm" ("Ich habe niemandem geschadet"). Nevertheless, unsympathetic press reports indicate the existence of numerous instances documented in Stasi archives where information provided by <mask> on colleagues and contacts, especially in the teaching profession, during her years as a Stasi informer, would have been sufficient to damage or end professional careers.In the 1999 regional election the PDS increased the number of their seats to 21, becoming the second largest party in the chamber. <mask> <mask> was not re-elected, however, and resigned from the chamber. References

German schoolteachers
Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany) politicians
The Left (Germany) politicians
Members of the Landtag of Thuringia
People from Sonneberg
1940 births
People of the Stasi
Living people

masks:
Almuth Beck
Almuth Beck
Beck
Almuth
Beck
Almuth
Beck
Almuth
Beck
Almuth
Beck
Beck
Almuth
Beck


title: Alexander Preston Shaw

texts:
<mask> (April 8, 1879 – March 7, 1996) was notable as an African-American pastor, editor, and bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church. He was elected and consecrated to the episcopacy in 1936. <mask> held the distinction of being the first African-American bishop of the Methodist Church (at the age of 71) to preside full-time over a predominantly white Annual Conference: the Southern California-Arizona Conference (in 1950, coincidentally the 100th annual meeting of this body), which met that year at the University of Redlands. Birth and family
<mask> was born 18 April 1879 in Abbeville in northern Mississippi. He was the eighth of eleven children of the Reverend <mask> and Maria (née Petty) <mask>. <mask>'s parents were ex-slaves; his father also an ordained minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was <mask>'s elder brother, J. Beverly F<mask>. <mask> married Lottye Blanche Simon March 29, 1911.They had children <mask> Jr., Bernard Johnson, twins Lena Anita and Bessie Elaine, Helen Marguerite, and Wilbur Allen. Education
<mask>. earned the A.B. degree from Rust College in 1902. He then earned the B.D. degree from Gammon Theological Seminary in 1906. He also did graduate work at Boston University. Ordained and editorial ministry
<mask> originally planned a career as a public school teacher.But he was received on trial in 1908 by the Washington Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was ordained an elder and received into full connection in 1910. Reverend <mask> distinguished himself as a pastor serving the following appointments: Westminster, Maryland (1908–09); Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (1909–11); Winchester, Virginia (1911–15); Little Rock, Arkansas (1915-17); and the Wesley Chapel Methodist Church in Los Angeles (1917–31). He also was a member of the 1928 General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. <mask> also distinguished himself as the elected editor of the Southwestern Christian Advocate, an important periodical of his denomination. His term of service as editor lasted from 1931 until 1936, during which time he built up the paper from a circulation of about 5,000 to 9,000. Publication was headquartered in New Orleans.He also contributed numerous articles on religious subjects to a variety of publications. <mask> also was a Mason. Episcopal ministry
<mask> was elected to the episcopacy of the Methodist Episcopal Church and consecrated a bishop (the highest office in the Methodist ministry) by the 1936 General Conference. <mask> was assigned to the New Orleans episcopal area (1936–40), and then to the Baltimore Episcopal Area of the Central Jurisdiction of the Methodist Church (1940–52). As resident bishop of the Baltimore Area, he served as the presiding bishop of the Delaware, East Tennessee, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C. Annual Conferences of the Central Jurisdiction. These conferences together included some 1,300 African American Methodist churches and about 100,000 church members.<mask> also served on the so-called "Committee of Twenty-eight", the Board of Education, the Board of Missions, the Board of Temperance, and the Committee on World Peace. His office while bishop of the Baltimore Area was located at 1206 Etting Street, Baltimore 17. His home was at 828 North Carrollton Avenue, Baltimore. As pastor/preacher
Described by Time magazine (in its 26 June 1950 issue) as "tall" (6 ft 3 in; 190 cm), <mask> also was well-poised. When he was appointed to Winchester, Virginia, he found the second-floor ceiling of his parsonage too low for him. When he solved this problem by persuading his congregation to rent him another house, while leasing the parsonage "to a much shorter man", newspapers in the Washington and New York areas delightedly picked up the story, causing the Reverend <mask> "a good deal of embarrassment". Nevertheless, <mask> was a brilliant preacher.His specialty was his urgent appeal to youth. Speaking of the Wesley Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church in Los Angeles, the city's fifth largest, <mask> said, "My Church was not filled with bald-headed people. We had regularly as many as 200 to 300 youngsters attending services." Reportedly, he would occasionally bring an outstanding boy or girl into the pulpit with him, to lecture on how the church could be made even more interesting to young people. Advocate for his race
<mask> was also reported by Time magazine as "consistently advocat[ing] self-improvement and development for his race." This was distinguished from "the rough, wild way of pressure groups trying to stamp out anti-Negro activities." <mask> held that "a sufficient amount of real excellence – as has been achieved by Marian Anderson and Dr.Carver and Jackie Robinson – is the surest way." Above all, said Time, "[<mask>] believe[s] that Negroes should observe the rule he himself has followed with such conspicuous success: take on responsibilities." Said <mask>:
If you don't have responsibilities, you don't grow strong enough to handle them. Honorary degrees
<mask> was honored by Philander Smith College in 1916 with the Doctor of Divinity degree. Rust College did the same in 1920, as did Gammon Theological Seminary (D.D., 1924). Boston University awarded the D.D. in 1937.Rust College also awarded <mask> the LL.D. in 1937. Retirement, death and burial
<mask> retired in 1952 from the active episcopacy of the Methodist Church. He was, however, called out of retirement in 1953 to again serve part of the New Orleans Area following the death of Bishop Robert Nathaniel Brooks. <mask> served the rest of that quadrennium (1952–56) in this position. <mask> died on March 7, 1966. He is buried in Los Angeles.Selected writings
 Christianizing Race Relations, 1928. References
 Howell, Clinton T., Prominent Personalities in American Methodism, Birmingham, Alabama: The Lowry Press, 1945. "Take On Responsibilities", (article about Bishop <mask>) in Time magazine, June 26, 1950.
 Who's Who in Methodism, Dr. Elmer T. Clark, Editor-in-Chief, Chicago: The A. N. Marquis Co., 1952. See also
 List of bishops of the United Methodist Church

Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
African-American Methodist clergy
American Methodist bishops
Methodist bishops of the Central Jurisdiction
Editors of Christian publications
Methodist writers
Activists for African-American civil rights
Burials in California
Interdenominational Theological Center alumni
1879 births
1966 deaths
20th-century Methodist bishops
Rust College alumni
Activists from Mississippi
People from Abbeville, Mississippi

masks:
Alexander Preston Shaw
Shaw
Alexander
Duncan Preston
Shaw
Alexander
Alexander
. Shaw
Alexander
Alexander Preston
Alexander Sr
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
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Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Bishop Shaw
Shaw
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Shaw


title: Patrick Breyer

texts:
<mask> (born 29 April 1977) is a German digital rights activist, jurist, Pirate Party Germany politician, and – since 2019 – Member of the European Parliament (MEP). From 2012 to 2017 he was a member of the state parliament of Schleswig-Holstein and from April 2016 until the end of the legislative period he was also the leader of the Pirate group in that assembly. Breyer is one of four European Pirate Party MEPs in the 2019–2024 term along with three Czech Pirate Party members, all of whom are members of the Greens / EFA parliamentary group. Life
<mask> lives in Kiel. He studied law and was awarded a Doctorate of Law in 2004 at the Goethe University Frankfurt with his thesis on The systematic recording and retention of telecommunications traffic data for government purposes in Germany (Data retention). In 2004 he was appointed a judge in the state of Schleswig-Holstein. In 2006 he became a founding member of the Pirate Party Germany.Political activity

Legal proceedings concerning digital civil rights
Breyer is involved in the Working Group on Data Retention for Information privacy and Civil and political rights and was involved in the organization of the successful class action lawsuit against data retention together with the lawyer and later judge at the Constitutional Court of the State of Berlin Meinhard Starostik. In 2016 he again filed a constitutional complaint against the new law on data retention. In 2012, the Federal Constitutional Court declared legislation on government access to telecommunications subscriber data to be partially unconstitutional in response to an appeal filed by Breyer. <mask> and Katharina Nocun again challenged the revised regulation before the Federal Constitutional Court. The complaint was successful on 27 May 2020. Breyer also filed a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights against the compulsory identification of prepaid SIM cards. which was dismissed in 2020.In 2012 <mask> filed a lawsuit against the European Commission for the release of documents on data retention and won in two instances. <mask> filed an action for injunction against the Federal Republic of Germany at the Berlin-Tiergarten District Court in 2008. The action was directed against the general and indiscriminate retention of the user IP address in logfiles when browsing government websites (so-called "surf logging"). After the Local Court had dismissed the complaint in its judgment of 13 August 2008, the Landgericht Berlin granted the request in part in its judgment of 31 January 2013. <mask> and the Federal Republic of Germany filed an appeal against the decision. On 19 October 2016, the European Court of Justice ruled on the basis of a submission by the Federal Court of Justice that dynamically assigned IP addresses represent personal data for the operator of a website if they can be traced to the subscriber in the course of criminal proceedings. On 16 May 2017 the Federal Court of Justice ruled that dynamically assigned IP addresses are personal data.Web site operators may only store them if this is necessary to ensure the general functioning of the services and if the interest and the fundamental rights and freedoms of the users do not take precedence. The Federal Court of Justice referred the case back to the Berlin Regional Court where it is pending. In May 2018, Breyer filed a constitutional complaint against the new authority of the Federal Police to carry out automatic number plate readings at border crossings. At the end of 2018 he announced that he would file a complaint against the automatic reading of vehicle registration plates within the framework of "Section Control" in Lower Saxony, and in March 2019 he filed the complaint with the organization "freiheitsfoo". Member of the Schleswig-Holstein Landtag
In the 2012 Schleswig-Holstein state election, Breyer was elected to the Landtag from the list presented by the Pirate Party of Schleswig-Holstein and on 21 May 2012 was chosen by that party's parliamentary group to be its leader in the chamber. He held the chair until the regular election of the parliamentary party executive committee on 21 May 2013. Between November 2012 and April 2017, Breyer transferred dietary allowances in the total amount of 75,159.18 euros to a donation account of the State of Schleswig-Holstein under the purpose "Reduction of new debt".He justified this, among other things, by the fact that only 1% of all taxpayers nationwide would have an income comparable to that of parliamentary group chairmen and that there should be no first and second class members of parliament because of the parliamentary group chairmanship. In January 2013 Breyer criticized the vending machine industry, claiming that the sector "especially [that part of it] around Mr Paul Gauselmann, [had] been lubricating politicians of all established parties with large donations for years". Gauselmann had him warned against this, but Breyer did not issue a cease-and-desist declaration. In the summer of 2014, Breyer published on his website police and judicial orders of danger zones in Schleswig-Holstein, previously sent by email from the Ministry of the Interior, within which police checks were permitted without justification. In the more than 100-page documents, the Ministry of the Interior had only partially redacted (blacked out) the names, official telephone numbers, and email addresses of the police officers in charge of the case, some of whom are also investigating the criminal Outlaw motorcycle club. After the problem became known, Breyer publicly apologized for not having checked the documents sufficiently before publication and deleted the police officer data. He was criticized across party lines.The Gewerkschaft der Polizei filed criminal charges against Breyer. The public prosecutor's office did not initiate an investigation, as there were no sufficient actual indications of criminal offences. In an expert opinion, Thilo Weichert, the data protection commissioner, objected in several points to the actions of the Ministry of the Interior in sending the requested danger area orders. The Ministry had not carried out its redaction effectively or completely. Whether the documents classified as "for official use only" (VS-NfD) had in fact had to be classified in this way was at best questionable. An explicit reference should have been made to the intentional confidential treatment. However, the Member of Parliament would also have had to take confidentiality and protection of secrecy into account when exercising his rights.Breyer was "by far the most hard-working parliamentarian with a total of 356 initiatives" in the legislative period of the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament running since 2012, reported Die Welt at the end of 2015 with reference to the information system of the state parliament. On 17 February 2016 Breyer awarded the Green-Red-Blue coalition an "ostrich prize for extraordinary achievements in delaying important reforms in our country". During the plenary debate, SPD chairman Ralf Stegner was presented with a bird ostrich mannequin. Breyer accused the coalition of using postponement and procrastination to prevent "repeated decisions by the state parliament on uncomfortable reform initiatives" by the Pirate faction, including the introduction of a waiting period for changing ministers to work in industry. State parliament president Klaus Schlie (CDU) issued Breyer with a formal reprimand. On 12 April 2016 <mask> was re-elected chairman of the Pirate parliamentary group. In May 2016 Breyer revealed accusations that male cadets at the Eutin Police Academy had displayed openly misogynistic, sexist, and racist behaviour towards their female fellow students and that the Ministry of the Interior had remained inactive despite knowledge of the matter (the so-called "Whatsapp affair").As a result of the revelations, one police student was refused entry into the service. In addition, the head of the academy had been replaced in what was claimed to be no more than a routine rotation of posts. A committee of inquiry is currently investigating the case. In autumn 2016 Breyer became the Pirate Party of Schleswig-Holstein's leading candidate in the state elections. In December 2016 and February 2017, in the state parliament, Breyer criticized the fact that the heads of the state audit office and the state constitutional court had been appointed by the other parties without a public invitation to tender according to party proportional representation. The president of the state parliament called him to order and instructed him to withdraw his speech. In order to defend his right to criticize what he called "job pushing", Breyer called in the State Constitutional Court.The court declared the call to order unconstitutional on 17 May 2017. On 27 March 2017 <mask> was awarded the Horst Lütje Foundation's "Backbone Prize", endowed with 1,000 Euros, for his efforts. In May 2017, Breyer uncovered accusations by criminal investigators that exculpatory statements in criminal proceedings against "rockers" had been suppressed and bullying had been used in response to criticism (the so-called "Rocker Affair"). As a result of the revelations, the head of the police department in the Ministry of the Interior as well as the heads of the state criminal investigation department and the state police office were obliged to resign. A parliamentary committee of inquiry is currently investigating the case. In the 2017 state elections the Pirate Party failed to win any seats in the state parliament. With 1.2% of the vote it scored seven percentage points less than five years earlier.This ended Breyer's mandate. As a representative of the "People's Initiative for Co-Determination", Breyer handed more than 20,000 citizens' signatures to the state parliament in December 2017. In May 2018 Breyer, as a representative of the "People's Initiative for the Protection of Water", which demands a legal ban on fracking, delivered more than 42,000 citizens' signatures to the President of the State Parliament. European elections 2019

In the 2019 European Parliament election in Germany Breyer was the Pirate Party Germany's leading candidate. For the election campaign, he recorded a rap music video, which featured such other well-known pirates as Anja Hirschel. In March 2019 Breyer filed a lawsuit against the EU Commission on the grounds that it was in possession of secret project documents relating to new kinds of video lie detectors intended for entry control, including an ethical and legal evaluation of the technology, on the grounds of protecting the commercial interests of the companies involved. <mask> was the only member of the German Pirate Party to be elected to the European Parliament, where he now sits, together with three members of the Czech Pirate Party who were elected at the same time, as one of a total of four members composing the Pirate Party in the parliament.He joined the Greens–European Free Alliance group, as Felix Reda had done in the previous legislature, and so too did the three Czech pirates. For his group, Breyer is a member of the European Parliament Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and an alternate member of the European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs. Works
 The systematic recording and retention of telecommunications traffic data for government purposes in Germany (traffic data retention). Edited: November 2004; Rhombos, Berlin 2005, (Volltext). Weblinks
 Breyer's blog

References

External links

1977 births
21st-century German politicians
Articles containing video clips
Living people
Members of the European Parliament for Germany
Members of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein
MEPs for Germany 2019–2024
Pirate Party (Germany) MEPs
Pirate Party Germany politicians

masks:
Patrick Breyer
Patrick Breyer
Breyer
Breyer
Breyer
Breyer
Breyer
Breyer
Breyer


title: Tas Pappas

texts:
<mask> (born 1975), better known as <mask>, is an Australian sponsored skateboarder. He was previously a professional skateboarder, primarily in the discipline of vert skateboarding, and competed in a number of major international events. During the 1990s, he and brother Ben Pappas were highly regarded skateboarders on a global scale, reaching the top two places in the world rankings. Early life
<mask> was born in 1975 in Melbourne, Victoria and grew up in the north-western suburb of St Albans. He and brother Ben were the only children of a Greek-Australian father, who worked for a finance company, and an Australian mother who was a caterer—the parents eventually separated after marrying at a young age. <mask> described a chaotic home environment in 2014:

The family was very dysfunctional ... We were hurting as kids from a lot of the fights we saw ... I always felt like I just wanted to get out of where I lived.I wanted to prove myself. I ended up having what felt like a chip on my shoulder because of it all. I just wanted to get to America and become something. Pappas became fascinated with skateboarding at the age of 12 years after watching touring American professionals perform at the Prahran skate park. He then visited the United States (US) for the first time three years later, before relocating to the US at the age of 17 years after he dropped out of Kings Park High School. Pappas' first residence was with other skateboarders in Tampa, Florida. Professional skateboarding

Mad Circle
In a 1994 advertisement for the now-defunct Mad Circle skateboard deck company, an x-ray of Pappas' femur complete with metal plates and screws, is depicted with the tagline: "<mask> <mask>, Mad Circle's Answer to the Bionic Man."<mask> then appeared alongside Moses Itkonen, Edward Devera, Mike Cao, Justin Girard and Scott Johnston in the 1996 Mad Circle video Let The Horns Blow. <mask> won the 1996 World Championships skateboard contest over Tony Hawk that led to his world number-one ranking—he won with a broken rib sustained earlier in the contest. <mask> explained that he was "humbled" soon afterward, as he subsequently broke his back. Both the <mask> brothers then found that they were unable to gain favour with the American skateboard industry due to their attitudes, which were considered abrasive and wild. Australian filmmaker Eddie Martin, who knew the Pappas brothers as teenagers skateboarding at Prahran skate park, explained in 2014: "They’re [Pappas brothers] very Australian characters. They were so raw and full of passion. They just went over there and stuck it to them.It just didn’t go down very well." In 1999, <mask>' brother Ben was intercepted by law enforcement while attempting to smuggle cocaine into Australia and, in addition to a prison term, his passport was confiscated for a three-year period and he was unable to continue his skateboarding career in the US. Revolution Graphite Skateboards (RevDeck)
In 2005, Revolution Graphite Skateboards (RevDeck) announced the release of a new skateboard deck, co-designed and tested by Pappas (he was also sponsored by DVS Shoes at this time). As of 2014, Pappas is associated with the company, according to the "About" section of the website; however, in August 2014, the website's home page stated that the company is manufacturing certain skateboard deck products for a limited period of time. US incarceration
In 2005, <mask> married Colleen, an American he met through skateboarding. They lived in San Diego with their two children. However, due to financial difficulties, the relationship was strained and Pappas began using crystal methamphetamine, to numb the pain from injuries during contests that he desperately participated in to earn money.Additionally, Pappas was prescribed an antidepressant after he consulted a doctor for help with a low emotional state caused by his life situation—Pappas proceeded to use alcohol and cocaine with the medication. <mask> explained in 2014 that his drug use at the time led to paranoia about his wife being involved in an extramarital relationship and during an argument he physically assaulted Colleen. Pappas said: "I was paranoid that she was on with someone ... I don't agree with what I did, but I ended up hitting her and losing the plot and went to jail." Pappas' actions resulted in a two-month prison term and he was eventually deported after he was found in a drug-related car crash during his corresponding parole period. While in detention, awaiting to be flown to Australia, Pappas received a telephone call from his father to inform him that <mask> was dead, a moment that Pappas described as "the saddest thing I've ever heard." Australian incarceration
Following his return to Australia in 2007, Pappas began drinking alcohol heavily and his father died of a heart attack the following year.Also in 2008, Pappas flew to South America in an attempt to procure cocaine to smuggle into Australia so that he could pay off a drug debt. <mask>, who attempted to smuggle the drug in three skateboard decks while intoxicated on benzodiazepines, alcohol and amphetamines, was intercepted at Sydney Airport after the traces of cocaine on his clothing alerted authorities. <mask> was consequently imprisoned for three years in various New South Wales facilities. In November 2011, Pappas was afforded the privilege of prison day-release on weekends and used this time to skate the vert ramp in Albury, New South Wales. In December 2011, after internet blogs reported Pappas' Albury visits, SLAM Skateboarding Magazine ran a feature on Pappas and suggested that, at the time, he remained one of the most highly skilled skateboarders in Australia. The video footage that SLAM published to coincide with the article revealed that the session was <mask>' "third skate in 3 years" due to his incarceration—the video was filmed by Stewart. Return to skateboarding
Following his incarceration, Pappas was drawn to the tenets of Christianity as a central part of his recovery from drug use, having read the Bible during his sentence.He also continued to develop his marriage with Helen Norman, whom he raises a son with, and he resumed skateboarding. Cliché Skateboards, through Dwindle Distribution, released a Tas Pappas "guest board" in January 2013, with graphics by renowned skateboarding graphic designer, Marc McKee. The design is set to be representative of Pappas' life and new outlook, with a deity figure reaching down and exalting Pappas from a burning environment in which items such as handcuffs and a syringe are present. Footage of Pappas, skateboarding primarily at the Prahran ramp in Melbourne, Australia, accompanied the release of the product. Morgan Campbell, online content manager for Skateboarding Australia, the country's government-funded peak body, stated:

Tas has truly put the board into orbit with this stupendous video part which contains some of the best vert skating we have seen from anyone in eons. The graphic was done by Mr Marc Mckee, so you can be sure that collectors snap it up all over the globe. So good to see you back in the skies above Prahran Tas.The clip is by Greg Stewart, who happens to be known in the UK as "The Talking Filmer". Gregsie: we are all delighted to once again hear your mid-air commentary. Just incase you missed it, in 2011 Tas was given the Video Vault treatment for his epic Mad Circle part from almost 20 years ago. In April 2014, Pappas became the 12th skateboarder and first Australian in history to complete a 900-degree rotation. The achievement occurred on the Anzac Day holiday at a newly built facility on Phillip Island, Victoria, Australia called the "Megaranch". Sponsors
As of August 2014, Pappas is sponsored by Theeve Trucks, a company founded and managed by fellow Australian vert skateboarder Trevor Ward. Contest history
In 1996, Pappas won both titles at the Hard Rock Cafe Skateboarding World Championships (the finals event, as well as points accumulation for the entire year), beating Tony Hawk.Soon after, Pappas suffered a number of serious injuries and was unable to compete or maintain the level at which he had been skateboarding prior to the mishaps. In 1999, following physical rehabilitation for his injuries, Pappas placed highly in a string of events, including the X Games and the Milwaukee Triple Crown. On 28 October 2006, Pappas won the vert skateboarding event at the LG Action Sports World Championship, beating Brazilian professional Sandro Dias in a tiebreaker (Andy MacDonald finished in third place). During <mask>' winning run, in which he is riding a RevDeck skateboard deck, he executes a 720-degree rotation; described as "flawless" by one of the competition's commentators, Pappas completed the run without making a single error. Recognition and influence
Following Pappas's success with the Hard Rock Cafe competition, both he and his brother were credited with helping to revive the popularity of vert skateboarding, which was beginning to fade. In August 2011, <mask> and <mask> both received the number 10 ranking in Transworld Skateboarding'''s "10 Infamous Australians" article for "rekindl[ing] vert's flickering candle" during the 1990s. All This Mayhem documentary (2014)
In May 2012, <mask> attended the Melbourne premiere of Danny Way's documentary Waiting for Lightning, where he was photographed alongside Way and fellow Australian vert professional Dom Kekich.In an interview at the premiere, <mask> confirmed he was in the process of producing a documentary of his own, focused on his career and that of his late brother. A filmmaker approached the Pappas family about making a documentary, but the family did not give their authority as Pappas would not be included in the filmmaking process. The family approved a documentary backed by Screen Australia. It was directed and produced by Eddie Martin,  and George Pank co-produced the film, and Chris King was the editor. and King had previously worked together on the award-winning documentaries Senna and Exit Through the Gift Shop. The documentary began production in 2010, as footage of the Pappas brothers was sourced from friends and filmmakers. Tony Hawk declined an offer to be interviewed for the film.According to a 2011 Screen Australia media release, The Pappas Brothers tells the story of <mask> and Ben Pappas and their rise to skateboarding prominence. The documentary was released as All This Mayhem and the world premiere was at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2013. The documentary received additional backing from the Adelaide Film Festival, Deluxe Sydney, and Hopscotch Films, and is sold by Eone Films and Cinetic Media. Martin explained prior to the release of the documentary:

It's a story about two brothers that just happen to be in the world of skateboarding. People can get so easily put off and I think that the skateboarding element will be our biggest challenge. We didn’t want to use a skate image as our promo because obviously, for us, this isn’t a story about skateboarding. Martin further explained: "The film is to be distributed by Hopscotch in Australia.We are hoping the film will play at some festivals before a national Australian release. To get an overseas sale would be our main goal." The documentary screened at the Sydney Film Festival on 5 June 2014 and was then generally released through Melbourne, Australia's Cinema Nova and Dendy Newtown in Sydney, Australia. During promotional interviews during the film's release period, Martin described the Pappas' story as a "Greek tragedy". Personal life
As of May 2014, Pappas resides in the inner north-eastern Melbourne, Australia suburb of Clifton Hill, where he shares a home with Helen and their five-year-old son Billy. Pappas is employed as an abseiling window cleaner and attends a Christian church for mass. In May 2014, <mask> revealed in an interview that he had been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in connection with his experience of sexual abuse as a young child.His self-destructive behaviour was identified as a manifestation of the disorder. In regard to the personal life recovery process that he was continuing with at the time of the interview, Pappas stated:

"Everything had to happen for me to learn ... Dad had to die, Ben had to die, I had to lose my kids. I had to be humbled. I was too angry and I had to be crippled and put on my knees to finally realise I'm not in charge." In a July 2014 interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), Pappas described himself as "a work in progress" and said "I'll take ownership for all my shit actions". Timeline

1991 - Australian Amateur titles in late 1991 at Darling Harbour
1993 - Pappas' first US competition in Tampa, Florida
1994 - 7 August Pappas competed in Munster Monster Mastership Germany, coming 4th
1995 - Triple crown in Las Vegas
1995 - Came 3rd in Slam City Jam vert competition
1996 - Came 3rd in X Games after Andy MacDonald (1) and Tony Hawk (2) - Providence & Newport, Rhode Island
1996  - Tas won 1996 Triple Crown finals, in which Pappas edged past Tony Hawk after one amazing run. place in LG Action Sports World Tour competition)
2006 - Portland - Dew Action Sports Tour Vans Invitational - Pappas finishes in 9th position
2006 - Orlando - Dew Tour - Pappas comes 2nd in Vert competition
2007 or 2008 - Pappas at Globe World Cup in Melbourne, Australia

Videography411VM: Issue 2 (1993)411VM: Issue 5 (1994)411VM: Best Of 411, Volume 1 (1994)
XYZ: Meet Your Maker (1995)
Mad Circle: Let The Horns Blow (1996)Las Vegas Pro Vert '96 (1996)Genie Of The Lamp (1998)
Globe: World Cup Skateboarding 2005'' (2005)

Sources

Living people
1975 births
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian skateboarders
People with borderline personality disorder
Sportspeople from Melbourne

masks:
Tasou Micah Pappas
Tas Pappas
Pappas
Tas Pappas
Tas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Ben Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Tas
Ben Pappas
Pappas
Pappas
Tas
Pappas


title: Richard Morris (actor)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; January 30, 1862 – October 11, 1924) was an American opera singer, stage performer, and a silent film actor. <mask> was born on January 30, 1862, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He was 62 years old when he died in Los Angeles, California on October 11, 1924. Between 1912 and 1924, <mask> acted in 59 films. Early years
<mask> was born on January 30, 1862, to working-class Irish parents in Charlestown, Massachusetts, the oldest Irish neighborhood in the city of Boston. Some fan magazines claim his birth was January 3, but the neglected zero is apparent. His father was an Irish Immigrant, William A<mask>.His mother was a native of Bostonian <mask> (née Keefe). Since he was the firstborn son in an Irish Catholic family, his parents gave him William's first name, like his father and father before him. 1870 census records list <mask>'s father as an expressman. The same census record list his mother as a homemaker The <mask> family would eventually have eight children, six girls, and two boys. His early education included spending three years abroad training for the grand opera. No known matriculation records show what type of "training" he received. Upon returning to America, he worked professionally as an opera singer.He performed in various domestic venues in the 1880s. In 1889, the records show he kept the Charlestown address as his permanent base. His 59-year-old mother died at home in 1898 of Interstitial nephritis. 1900 census shows 36-year-old William RS <mask> keeping the same base address as his widowed father and five sisters. All the daughters are single. His 74-year-old father died in 1907 while <mask> was touring in Europe. Stage

27-year-old <mask> started acting with the prestigious  Shakespearean touring company of Booth and Modjeska in 1889.The program on the left exhibits a one-night performance of  Macbeth in Indianapolis, Indiana on April 29, 1890. In the section listing the cast of characters, it shows Mr. W.R.S<mask> in the role of the second witch. The following year, Edwin Booth (1833-1893) suffered a debilitating stroke, effectively ending his stage career. Edwin Booth died of a stroke in 1893. Later in his stage career, <mask> would work with individual Shakespearean touring companies of Lawrence Barrett (1838-1891) and Helena Modjeska (1840-1909). Modjeska suffered a stroke in 1897 but later returned to the stage.<mask> eventually hooked up with Shakespearean actress Minna Gale (1868-1944) and her Repertory theatre troupe. Gale, like <mask>, had lived in Europe, where she studied music and theater in Paris and Frankfort. Another similarity appeared when they discovered their stage experiences helped their transition to the screen. In 1906, the 44-year-old <mask> returned to the operatic stage. He departed for London and continued to perform on stage until 1909. Film
In the early 1900s, the American public had an increasing appetite for the latest entertainment - motion pictures. Lubin

The Lubin Manufacturing Company was an American motion picture company producing silent films from 1896 to 1916.When <mask> returned to America from London, he sought work in the burgeoning movie industry. In September 1909, he joined the  Lubin organization based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. <mask> was 50-years-old when he entered the movie industry, a comparatively late age for those seeking employment in an industry preoccupied with beautiful young people. In his first recorded film for Lubin, <mask> played an organ grinder in Little Boy Blue, released on May 6, 1912. No known records exist documenting if <mask> acted in any Lubin productions before 1912. It is also unknown when he started using the screen moniker <mask>. Between 1912 and 1914, he would act in 25 films for Lubin, opening with Little Boy Blue and ending with the December 1914 release of A Believer in Dreams.During his stretch at Lubin, he met Lloyd B. Carleton. Carleton signed a Lubin contract in 1911, allowing him to direct both features and shorts. Despite the late introduction, Carleton saw <mask>'s value as a  character actor, and they made 3 Lubin-produced 2-reelers in 1914. He remained one of Lloyd B. Carleton's favorite character actors. Between 1914 and 1920, <mask> acted in 15 Lloyd B. Carleton-directed films. Carleton had found a fellow brother from the Eastern stage, whose stage credentials were impeccable. <mask> remained with Lubin until July 1914.Carleton left Lubin earlier and gained employment with another movie company in Autumn 1914. After making more than a thousand motion pictures, the Lubin Manufacturing Company declared bankruptcy on September 1, 1916

Selig and Lasky
In late Summer 1914, <mask> traveled once again to London, England. During his stay in London, World War I was flaring up. On August 4, 1914, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany. <mask> returned to American, arriving in New York on November 16, 1914. The ship's manifest lists William R <mask>, born in Charlestown on January 30, 1862. The manifest further states he was single, 52 years old, and residing at 1108 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Between January and August 1915, <mask> returned to making movies and acted in 4 films for various organizations, including Powers Picture Plays and Jesse L. Lasky Feature Play

In 1915, <mask> signed a contract with Selig Polyscope based in Chicago, Illinois but having offices in Los Angeles. During his stay with Selig, he was reunited with Lloyd B. Carleton. Between September and December, <mask> acted in 4 Carleton-directed short films. <mask>'s total film output for 1915 was 6 short movies and 2 feature-length. He made 3 more pictures for Selig Polyscope before departing. Universal

Lloyd Carleton signed a Universal contract in the autumn of 1915. <mask> signed a Universal contract in 1916 and permanently moved to Los Angeles, California.<mask> reunited with Lloyd B. Carleton again and acted in the Red Feather feature-length production of A Yoke of Gold released on August 14, 1916. The same film provided an introduction to Emory Johnson. This relationship would prove beneficial in the coming years. Between August 1916 and December, <mask> would act in 7 Lloyd Carleton-directed films. All films were feature-length with the sole exception of the 2-reelerThe Human Gamble. All films would feature Emory Johnson in the lead. The feature-length films were:
A Yoke of Gold Red Feather film released in August
The Unattainable Bluebird film  released in September
Black Friday Red Feather film released in September
Barriers of Society Red Feather film released in October
The Devil's Bondwoman Red Feather film released in November
The Morals of Hilda Red Feather film released in December (his last film for Universal)

1916 would be <mask>'s glory year in films.He had successfully made the transition from filming 2-reelers to feature-length movies. He would continue to shoot only feature-length films for the remainder of his career. Other films companies
After he departed from Universal in 1916, his picture output declined. He was an actor in his later 50s looking for work in a youth-obsessed industry. He acted in one film in 1918 and another one in 1919. He made 4 films in 1920, including reuniting with Lloyd Carleton to act in The Amazing Woman. Emory Johnson connection

In January 1921, <mask> turned 59-years-old.In 1921, Hobart Bosworth productions invited <mask> to play the part of Uncle Billy in The Sea Lion. He acted with Hobart Bosworth, Emory Johnson and Bessie Love. It was the only movie <mask> filmed in 1921. Emory Johnson embarked upon a career as a director in 1922. Johnson's first film was the FBO feature-length production of In the Name of the Law. When Johnson evaluated players for his first movie, Johnson probably recalled <mask> had acted in 7 movies with him in 1916. Johnson hired the aging actor to play the role of Dr. Lucus in his first film.<mask> would continue to appear in FBO productions directed by Emory Johnson including  The Third Alarm, The West~Bound Limited, The Mailman and The Spirit of the USA until his untimely death in October 1924. Alternate names
<mask> used many different pseudonyms during his career, including:
<mask>
Mr. <mask>
Mr. W.R.S<mask>
<mask>
Stuart Morris
William R <mask>

Death
The 1920 census registers <mask> as a single 57-year-old lodger living in Los Angeles. His listed occupation is an actor. The Emory Johnson-directed film The Spirit of the USA was released by Film Booking Offices of America on May 18, 1924. It would be <mask>'s last movie. On Saturday, October 11, 1924, <mask> <mask> died in Los Angeles, California.He was 63 years old. A simple obituary appeared in the Los Angeles Times on October 13, 1924:

MORRIS, <mask> <mask>, aged 63 years, a native of Boston, MASS. Services at 2 pm Tuesday at Le Roy Bagley's parlors, 5440 Hollywood Blvd.,
Rev. Neal Dodd officiating

The funeral was held at the Pierce Brothers LeRoy Bagley Mortuary Hollywood, California with
"The padre of Hollywood", the Rev. Neal Dodd officiating. That same year, Rev Dodd would become a founding member of a relief fund to aid film workers in need. A brief obituary would appear in The Boston Globe noting the death of <mask> <mask>.<mask> was buried in the Los Angeles National Cemetery. Filmography

References

External links

AFI Catalog <mask>

1862 births
1924 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male actors
American male silent film actors
Irish male silent film actors
Male actors from Massachusetts
Male actors from Boston

masks:
Richard Morris
William Richard Stuart Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
William Richard Stuart Morris
. Morris
Catherine Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
William Morris
. Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
Richard Morris
Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Stuart Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Richard Morris
Richard Morris
Dick Morris
Richard Morris
. Morris
William Morris
S Morris
Richard Morris
Richard Morris
Richard Stewart
Morris
Richard Stewart
Morris
William Richard
Stuart Morris
Richard Morris
Richard Morris


title: Amritlal Nagar

texts:
<mask> (17 August 1916 – 23 February 1990) was one of the prominent Hindi writers of the twentieth century. He started off as an author and journalist, but moved on to be an active writer in the Indian film industry for 7 years. He worked as a drama producer in All India Radio between December 1953 and May 1956. At this point he realised that a regular job would always be a hindrance to his literary life, so he devoted himself to freelance writing. Often cited as the true literary heir of Premchand, <mask> created his own independent and unique identity as a littérateur and is counted as one of the most important and multi-faceted creative writers of Indian literature. In the words of famous critic, Dr. Ram Bilas Sharma,"Undoubtedly, <mask> will be remembered as an important novelist. For me, he is a very major sculptor of fiction.He has revealed the power of both standard [manak] Hindi, as well as the non-standard [ghair-manak] Hindi of the ordinary" (Sharma, <mask> <mask>chnavali, Vol 1, p. 47). <mask> <mask>'s real genius lay in the art of developing a range of characters in his stories and novels. Commenting on his distinctive ability to operationalise a story at many levels in complex and multi-dimensional ways, another prominent writer and critic of Hindi, Shreelal Shukla notes, "Rather than imposing his own personality on his character, <mask> ji dissolves himself in the character and in the process, he absorbs at the experiential level, all of those complexities that even the simplest characters nurture in the forms of anxieties and knotted puzzles. This work can only be done by a major creative writer" (Shukla, 10 Pratinidhi Kahaniyan: Amrilal <mask>, p. 10). Biography
<mask> was born on 17 August 1916 in Chaurahe Wali Gali, Gokulpura, in a Gujarati Nagar Brahmin Family in Agra, India. He died on 23 February 1990 in Chowk, Lucknow, India. His parents were Rajaram and Vidyawati <mask>.He first published a poem in the fortnightly Anand in December 1928. The poem was inspired by a protest against the Simon Commission in which <mask> was suffered injury during lathi charge. He married Pratibha (original name Savitri Devi alias Bitto) on 31 January 1932. They had four children (Late Kumud <mask>, Late Sharad <mask>, Dr. Achala <mask> and Smt. Aarti Pandya). Employment
Nagar worked as a dispatch clerk in the Lucknow office of All India United Insurance Company for 18 days. He provided voluntary services to the publication division of the Nawal Kishore Press and the editorial office of Madhuri in 1939.From December 1953 to May 1956 he worked as a drama producer in Akashvani (All India Radio), Lucknow, but resigned from this position so that he could focus all of his time and attention to his literary pursuits. Films
From 1940 to 1947, <mask> wrote screen plays and dialogues for the film industry in Bombay (now Mumbai), Kolhapur, and Chennai (Madras). He was one of the early pioneers specialising in cinematic dubbing that involved the art of translating films of one language into another. He dubbed Naseeruddin in Buhkara and Zoya from Russian and M.S. Subbulakshmi's Meera from Tamil into Hindi. Nahin! (1947)
 Paanchvaan Dasta (1948)
 Ek Dil Hazaar Dastaan (1955)
 Atom Bomb (1956)
 Peepal Ki Pari (1963)
 Kaaldand Ki Chori (1963)
 Meri Priya Kahaniyan (1970)
 Bharat Putra Naurangilal (1972)
 Sikandar Haar Gaya (1984)
 Ek Dil Hazaar Afsaane (A collection of almost all of <mask>'s stories, edited by Sharad <mask> Aur Samudra (1956)
 Shatranj ke Mohre (1959)
 Suhag ke Noopur (1960)
 Amrit Aur Vish (1966)
 Saat Ghunghat Wala Mukhda (1968)
 Ekda Naimishshaaranye (1972)
 Maanas Ka Hans (1973)
 Naachayo Bahut Gopal (1978)
 Khanjan Nayan (1981)
 Bikhre Tinke (1982)
 Agni Garbha (1983)
 Karwat (1985)
 Peedhiyaan (1990)

Memoirs, reports, biographies, and essays
 Ghadar Ke Phool (1957): An important historical source based on the oral lore of the Revolt of 1857 from the Awadh region.Ye Kothevaliyan (1960): An original and unique social survey of the issues of sex workers. Staged on 25 September 1954 in Lucknow
 Directed Skandgupt, 1949
 Directed Indian People's Theatre Association's production Eidgaah (theatrical adaption by Razia Sajjad Zaheer of Munshi Premchand's story), 1953. The Government of Uttar Pradesh filed a case against this production under the Drama Performance Act of 1876. In 1956 Justice Anandnarayan Mulla rejected the case on the grounds that it violated the right to expression granted by India's constitution and decided that the Drama Performance Act be declared null and void in independent India. Directed his own play Yugavtar, based on the life of Bhartendu Harishchandra, for Rangvani, Allahabad. Staged on 23 September 1955. Directed theatrical adaptation of Munshi Premchand's GODAN toassist with the construction of the building of Navyug Kanya Vidyalaya,Lucknow, 1956.Directed Chetsingh, written by Sarvadananda and produced by Natraj, Lucknow. Staged on 22–23 August 1956. Directed Rupiya Tumhe Kha Gaya written by Bhagwaticharan Varma andproduced by Bharti, Lucknow. Staged on 17 November 1958. Directed his own play Nukkad Par for Akashvani (All India Radio),Lucknow. Staged on 8 December 1963. Aao Bachchon Natak Likhen: A conversation about the art of creating plays.Published by Bal Natya Akademi, Lucknow. The foreword for this translation of 653 pages was written by Professor Chelishev. Boond Aur Samudra translated by the National Book Trust into Urdu,Punjabi, Marathi, Tamil, Bangla, Gujarati, Telugu, Asamese, Oriya, and Malayalam. Suhaag Ke Noopur translated into Marathi, Kannada, and Oriya. Amrit Aur Vish translated into Russian by Moscow's Hindi scholar,S. Trubnikova as "Naiktar E Yaad." This translation of 408 pages was published in Moscow in 1973.Amrit Aur Vish translated by the Sahitya Akademi into Bangla, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Telugu, and Urdu. Manas Ka Hans translated into Gujarati, Marathi, and Oriya. Nachyo Bahut Gopal translated into Oriya. Bhookh translated into English as HUNGER. Khanjan Nayan translated into Marathi. Agni Garbha translated into Marathi. Saat Ghoonghat Wala Mukhda translated into English as The Face Behind Seven Veils.Children's novel Bajrangi Pahalwan translated into Nepali as Bajrangi Pahalwaan Ka Anotha Kaamharu. Gadar Ke Phool translated into English as Gathering The Ashes by Mrinal Pande. It was published by published by Harper Collins in 2014. Many stories written by <mask> <mask> have been translated into Gujarati, Bangla, Marathi, Oriya, English, German, and Japanese. See also
 List of Indian writers

External links
 <mask> <mask> in Gadya Kosh

References

Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Hindi-language writers
1916 births
People from Agra

1990 deaths
All India Radio people

masks:
Amritlal Nagar
Amritlal Nagar
Amritlal Nagar
Amritlal
Nagar Ra
Amritlal
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Amritlal
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Nagar
Nagarond
Amritlal
Nagar
Amritlal
Nagar


title: Don Bradman

texts:
Sir <mask>, AC (27 August 1908 – 25 February 2001), nicknamed "<mask>", was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 has been cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport. The story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore. <mask>'s meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years. Before his 22nd birthday, he had set many records for top scoring, some of which still stand, and became Australia's sporting idol at the height of the Great Depression. During a 20-year playing career, Bradman consistently scored at a level that made him, in the words of former Australia captain Bill Woodfull, "worth three batsmen to Australia". A controversial set of tactics, known as Bodyline, was specially devised by the England team to curb his scoring.As a captain and administrator, Bradman was committed to attacking, entertaining cricket; he drew spectators in record numbers. He hated the constant adulation, however, and it affected how he dealt with others. The focus of attention on his individual performances strained relationships with some teammates, administrators and journalists, who thought him aloof and wary. Following an enforced hiatus due to the Second World War, he made a dramatic comeback, captaining an Australian team known as "The Invincibles" on a record-breaking unbeaten tour of England. A complex, highly driven man, not given to close personal relationships,
Bradman retained a pre-eminent position in the game by acting as an administrator, selector and writer for three decades following his retirement. Even after he became reclusive in his declining years, his opinion was highly sought, and his status as a national icon was still recognised. Almost 50 years after his retirement as a Test player, in 1997, Prime Minister John Howard of Australia called him the "greatest living Australian".<mask>'s image has appeared on postage stamps and coins, and a museum dedicated to his life was opened while he was still living. On the centenary of his birth, 27 August 2008, the Royal Australian Mint issued a $5 commemorative gold coin with <mask>'s image. In 2009, he was inducted posthumously into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Early years

<mask> <mask> was the youngest son of George and Emily (née Whatman) <mask>, and was born on 27 August 1908 at Cootamundra, New South Wales (NSW). He had a brother, Victor, and three sisters—Islet, Lilian and Elizabeth May. <mask> was of English heritage on both sides of his family. His grandfather Charles Andrew <mask> left Withersfield, Suffolk, for Australia.When Bradman played at Cambridge in 1930 as a 21 year old on his first tour of England, he took the opportunity to trace his forebears in the region. Also, one of his great-grandfathers was one of the first Italians to migrate to Australia in 1826. Bradman's parents lived in the hamlet of Yeo Yeo, near Stockinbingal. His mother, Emily, gave birth to him at the Cootamundra home of Granny Scholz, a midwife. That house is now the Bradman Birthplace Museum. Emily had hailed from Mittagong in the NSW Southern Highlands, and in 1911, when <mask>man was about two-and-a-half years old, his parents decided to relocate to Bowral, close to Mittagong, to be closer to Emily's family and friends, as life at Yeo Yeo was proving difficult. Bradman practised batting incessantly during his youth.He invented his own solo cricket game, using a cricket stump for a bat, and a golf ball. A water tank, mounted on a curved brick stand, stood on a paved area behind the family home. When hit into the curved brick facing of the stand, the ball rebounded at high speed and varying angles—and Bradman would attempt to hit it again. This form of practice developed his timing and reactions to a high degree. In more formal cricket, he hit his first century at the age of 12, with an undefeated 115 playing for Bowral Public School against Mittagong High School. Bush cricketer
During the 1920–21 season, Bradman acted as scorer for the local Bowral team, captained by his uncle George Whatman. In October 1920, he filled in when the team was one man short, scoring 37* and 29* on debut.During the season, <mask>'s father took him to the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) to watch the fifth Ashes Test match. On that day, Bradman formed an ambition. "I shall never be satisfied", he told his father, "until I play on this ground". Bradman left school in 1922 and went to work for a local real estate agent who encouraged his sporting pursuits by giving him time off when necessary. He gave up cricket in favour of tennis for two years, but resumed playing cricket in 1925–26. Bradman became a regular selection for the Bowral team; several outstanding performances earned him the attention of the Sydney daily press. Competing on matting-over-concrete pitches, Bowral played other rural towns in the Berrima District competition.Against Wingello, a team that included the future Test bowler Bill O'Reilly, Bradman made 234. In the competition final against Moss Vale, which extended over five consecutive Saturdays, Bradman scored 320 not out. During the following Australian winter (1926), an ageing Australian team lost The Ashes in England, and a number of Test players retired. The New South Wales Cricket Association began a hunt for new talent. Mindful of <mask>'s big scores for Bowral, the association wrote to him, requesting his attendance at a practice session in Sydney. He was subsequently chosen for the "Country Week" tournaments at both cricket and tennis, to be played during separate weeks. His boss presented him with an ultimatum: he could have only one week away from work, and therefore had to choose between the two sports.He chose cricket. <mask>'s performances during Country Week resulted in an invitation to play grade cricket in Sydney for St George in the 1926–27 season. He scored 110 on his debut, making his first century on a turf pitch. On 1 January 1927, he turned out for the NSW second team. For the remainder of the season, Bradman travelled the  from Bowral to Sydney every Saturday to play for St George. First-class debut
The next season continued the rapid rise of the "Boy from Bowral". Selected to replace the unfit Archie Jackson in the NSW team, <mask> made his first-class debut at the Adelaide Oval, aged 19.He secured the achievement of a hundred on debut, with an innings of 118 featuring what soon became his trademarks—fast footwork, calm confidence and rapid scoring. In the final match of the season, he made his first century at the SCG, against the Sheffield Shield champions Victoria. Despite his potential, <mask> was not chosen for the Australian second team to tour New Zealand. Bradman decided that his chances for Test selection would be improved by moving to Sydney for the 1928–29 season, when England were to tour in defence of the Ashes. Initially, he continued working in real estate, but later took a promotions job with the sporting goods retailer Mick Simmons Ltd. In the first match of the Sheffield Shield season, he scored a century in each innings against Queensland. He followed this with scores of 87 and 132 not out against the England touring team, and was rewarded with selection for the first Test, to be played at Brisbane.Test career

Playing in only his tenth first-class match, <mask>, nicknamed "Braddles" by his teammates, found his initial Test a harsh learning experience. Caught on a sticky wicket, Australia were all out for 66 in the second innings and lost by 675 runs (still a Test record). Following scores of 18 and 1, the selectors dropped <mask> to twelfth man for the Second Test. An injury to Bill Ponsford early in the match required Bradman to field as substitute while England amassed 636, following their 863 runs in the First Test. RS "Dick" Whitington wrote, "... he had scored only nineteen himself and these experiences appear to have provided him with food for thought". Recalled for the Third Test at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, Bradman scored 79 and 112 to become the youngest player to make a Test century, although the match was still lost. Another loss followed in the Fourth Test.<mask> reached 58 in the second innings and appeared set to guide the team to victory when he was run out. It was to be the only run out of his Test career. The losing margin was just 12 runs. The improving Australians did manage to win the Fifth and final Test. <mask> top-scored with 123 in the first innings, and was at the wicket in the second innings when his captain Jack Ryder hit the winning runs. Bradman completed the season with 1,690 first-class runs, averaging 93.88, and his first multiple century in a Sheffield Shield match, 340 not out against Victoria, set a new ground record for the SCG. Bradman averaged 113.28 in 1929–30.In a trial match to select the team that would tour England, he was last man out in the first innings for 124. As his team followed on, the skipper Bill Woodfull asked Bradman to keep the pads on and open the second innings. By the end of play, he was 205 not out, on his way to 225. Against Queensland at the SCG, Bradman set a then world record for first-class cricket by scoring 452 not out; he made his runs in only 415 minutes. Not long after the feat, he recalled:

Although he was an obvious selection to tour England, Bradman's unorthodox style raised doubts that he could succeed on the slower English pitches. Percy Fender wrote:

The encomiums were not confined to his batting gifts; nor did the criticism extend to his character. "Australia has unearthed a champion", said former Australian Test great Clem Hill, "self-taught, with natural ability.But most important of all, with his heart in the right place." Selector Dick Jones weighed in with the observation that it was "good to watch him talking to an old player, listening attentively to everything that is said and then replying with a modest 'thank you'." 1930 tour of England
England were favourites to win the 1930 Ashes series, and if the Australians were to exceed expectations, their young batsmen, <mask> and Jackson, needed to prosper. With his elegant batting technique, Jackson appeared the brighter prospect of the pair. However, Bradman began the tour with 236 at Worcester and went on to score 1,000 first-class runs by the end of May, the fifth player (and first Australian) to achieve this rare feat. In his first Test appearance in England, <mask> hit 131 in the second innings but England won the match. His batting reached a new level in the Second Test at Lord's where he scored 254 as Australia won and levelled the series.Later in life, <mask> rated this the best innings of his career as, "practically without exception every ball went where it was intended to go". Wisden noted his fast footwork and how he hit the ball "all round the wicket with power and accuracy", as well as faultless concentration in keeping the ball on the ground. In terms of runs scored, this performance was soon surpassed. In the Third Test, at Headingley, <mask> scored a century before lunch on 11 July, the first day of the Test match to equal the performances of Victor Trumper and Charlie Macartney. In the afternoon, <mask> added another century between lunch and tea, before finishing the day on 309 not out. He remains the only Test player to pass 300 in one day's play. His eventual score of 334 was a world-record, exceeding the previous mark of 325 by Andy Sandham.<mask> dominated the Australian innings; the second-highest tally was 77 by Alan Kippax. Businessman Arthur Whitelaw later presented Bradman with a cheque for £1,000 in appreciation of his achievement. The match ended in anti-climax as poor weather prevented a result, as it also did in the Fourth Test. In the deciding Test at The Oval, England made 405. During an innings stretching over three days due to intermittent rain, <mask> made yet another multiple century, this time 232, which helped give Australia a big lead of 290 runs. In a crucial partnership with Archie Jackson, Bradman battled through a difficult session when England fast bowler Harold Larwood bowled short on a pitch enlivened by the rain. Wisden gave this period of play only a passing mention:

A number of English players and commentators noted Bradman's discomfort in playing the short, rising delivery.The revelation came too late for this particular match, but was to have immense significance in the next Ashes series. Australia won the match by an innings and regained the Ashes. The victory made an impact in Australia. With the economy sliding toward depression and unemployment rapidly rising, the country found solace in sporting triumph. The story of a self-taught 22-year-old from the bush who set a series of records against the old rival made Bradman a national hero. The statistics Bradman achieved on the tour, especially in the Test matches, broke records for the day and some have stood the test of time. In all, Bradman scored 974 runs at an average of 139.14 during the Test series, with four centuries, including two double hundreds and a triple.As of 2018, no-one has matched or exceeded 974 runs or three double centuries in one Test series; the record of 974 runs exceeds the second-best performance by 69 runs and was achieved in two fewer innings. Bradman's first-class tally, 2,960 runs (at an average of 98.66 with 10 centuries), was another enduring record: the most by any overseas batsman on a tour of England. On the tour, the dynamic nature of Bradman's batting contrasted sharply with his quiet, solitary off-field demeanour. He was described as aloof from his teammates and he did not offer to buy them a round of drinks, let alone share the money given to him by Whitelaw. Bradman spent a lot of his free time alone, writing, as he had sold the rights to a book. On his return to Australia, Bradman was surprised by the intensity of his reception; he became a "reluctant hero". Mick Simmons wanted to cash in on their employee's newly won fame.They asked Bradman to leave his teammates and attend official receptions they organised in Adelaide, Melbourne, Goulburn, his hometown Bowral and Sydney, where he received a brand new custom-built Chevrolet. At each stop, Bradman received a level of adulation that "embarrassed" him. This focus on individual accomplishment, in a team game, "... permanently damaged relationships with his contemporaries". Commenting on Australia's victory, the team's vice-captain Vic Richardson said, "... we could have played any team without Bradman, but we could not have played the blind school without Clarrie Grimmett". A modest Bradman can be heard in a 1930 recording saying "I have always endeavoured to do my best for the side, and the few centuries that have come my way have been achieved in the hope of winning matches. My one idea when going into bat was to make runs for Australia." Reluctant hero
 In 1930–31, against the first West Indian side to visit Australia, Bradman's scoring was more sedate than in England—although he did make 223 in 297 minutes in the Third Test at Brisbane and 152 in 154 minutes in the following Test at Melbourne.However, he scored quickly in a very successful sequence of innings against the South Africans in the Australian summer of 1931–32. For NSW against the tourists, he made 30, 135 and 219. In the Test matches, he scored , , 2 and ; his 299 not out in the Fourth Test, at Adelaide, set a new record for the highest score in a Test in Australia. Australia won nine of the ten Tests played over the two series. At this point, Bradman had played 15 Test matches since the beginning of 1930, scoring 2,227 runs at an average of 131. He had played 18 innings, scoring 10 centuries, six of which

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 had extended beyond 200. His overall scoring rate was 42 runs per hour, with 856 (or 38.5% of his tally) scored in boundaries.Significantly, he had not hit a six, which typified Bradman's attitude: if he hit the ball along the ground, then it could not be caught. During this phase of his career, his youth and natural fitness allowed him to adopt a "machine-like" approach to batting. The South African fast bowler Sandy Bell described bowling to him as, "heart-breaking ... with his sort of cynical grin, which rather reminds one of the Sphinx ... he never seems to perspire". Between these two seasons, Bradman seriously contemplated playing professional cricket in England with the Lancashire League club Accrington, a move that, according to the rules of the day, would have ended his Test career. A consortium of three Sydney businesses offered an alternative. They devised a two-year contract whereby Bradman wrote for Associated Newspapers, broadcast on Radio 2UE and promoted the menswear retailing chain FJ Palmer and Son. However, the contract increased Bradman's dependence on his public profile, making it more difficult to maintain the privacy that he ardently desired.<mask>'s chaotic wedding to Jessie Menzies in April 1932 epitomised these new and unwelcome intrusions into his private life. The church "was under siege all throughout the day ... uninvited guests stood on chairs and pews to get a better view"; police erected barriers that were broken down and many of those invited could not get a seat. Just weeks later, Bradman joined a private team organised by Arthur Mailey to tour the United States and Canada. He travelled with his wife, and the couple treated the trip as a honeymoon. Playing 51 games in 75 days, Bradman scored 3,779 runs at 102.1, with 18 centuries. Although the standard of play was not high, the effects of the amount of cricket Bradman had played in the three previous years, together with the strains of his celebrity status, began to show on his return home. Bodyline

Within the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), which administered English cricket at the time, few voices were more influential than "Plum" Warner's, who, when considering England's response to Bradman, wrote that it "must evolve a new type of bowler and develop fresh ideas and strange tactics to curb his almost uncanny skill".To that end, Warner orchestrated the appointment of Douglas Jardine as England captain in 1931, as a prelude to Jardine leading the 1932–33 tour to Australia, with Warner as team manager. Remembering that Bradman had struggled against bouncers during his 232 at The Oval in 1930, Jardine decided to combine traditional leg theory with short-pitched bowling to combat Bradman. He settled on the Nottinghamshire fast bowlers Harold Larwood and Bill Voce as the spearheads for his tactics. In support, the England selectors chose another three pacemen for the squad. The unusually high number of fast bowlers caused a lot of comment in both countries and roused Bradman's own suspicions. Bradman had other problems to deal with at this time; among these were bouts of illness from an undiagnosed malaise which had begun during the tour of North America, and that the Australian Board of Control had initially refused permission for him to write a column for the Sydney Sun. <mask>, who had signed a two-year contract with the newspaper, threatened to withdraw from cricket to honour his contract when the board denied him permission to write; eventually, the paper released Bradman from the contract, in a victory for the board.In three first-class games against England before the Tests, Bradman averaged just 17.16 in 6 innings. Jardine decided to give the new tactics a trial in only one game, a fixture against an Australian XI at Melbourne. In this match, Bradman faced the leg theory and later warned local administrators that trouble was brewing if it continued. He withdrew from the First Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground amid rumours that he had suffered a nervous breakdown. Despite his absence, England employed what were already becoming known as the Bodyline tactics against the Australian batsmen and won an ill-tempered match. The public clamoured for the return of Bradman to defeat Bodyline: "he was the batsman who could conquer this cankerous bowling ... '<mask>a', amounting almost to religious fervour, demanded his return". Recovered from his indisposition, Bradman returned to the side in Alan Kippax's position.A world record crowd of 63,993 at the MCG saw <mask> come to the crease on the first day of the Second Test with the score at 2/67. A standing ovation ensued that delayed play for several minutes. Bradman anticipated receiving a bouncer as his first ball and, as the bowler delivered, he moved across his stumps to play the hook shot. The ball failed to rise and Bradman dragged it onto his stumps; the first-ball duck was his first in a Test. The crowd fell into stunned silence as he walked off. However, Australia took a first innings lead in the match, and another record crowd on 2 January 1933 watched <mask> hit a counter-attacking second innings century. His unbeaten 103 (from 146 balls) in a team total of 191 helped set England a target of 251 to win.Bill O'Reilly and Bert Ironmonger bowled Australia to a series-levelling victory amid hopes that Bodyline was beaten. The Third Test at the Adelaide Oval proved pivotal. There were angry crowd scenes after the Australian captain Bill Woodfull and wicket-keeper Bert Oldfield were hit by bouncers. An apologetic Plum Warner entered the Australian dressing room and was rebuked by Woodfull. Woodfull's remarks (that "...there are two teams out there and only one of them is playing cricket") were leaked to the press, and Warner and others attributed this to Australian opening batsman Jack Fingleton, however for many years (even after Fingleton's death) a bitter war of accusation passed between Fingleton and <mask> as to who was the real source of the leak. In a cable to the MCC, the Australian Board of Control repeated the allegation of poor sportsmanship directed at Warner by Woodfull. With the support of the MCC, England continued with Bodyline despite Australian protests.The tourists won the last three Tests convincingly and regained the Ashes. Bradman caused controversy with his own tactics. Always seeking to score, and with the leg side packed with fielders, he often backed away and hit the ball into the vacant half of the outfield with unorthodox shots reminiscent of tennis or golf. This brought him 396 runs (at 56.57) for the series and plaudits for attempting to find a solution to Bodyline, although his series average was just 57% of his career mean. Jack Fingleton was in no doubt that Bradman's game altered irrevocably as a consequence of Bodyline, writing:

The constant glare of celebrity and the tribulations of the season forced Bradman to reappraise his life outside the game and to seek a career away from his cricketing fame. Harry Hodgetts, a South Australian delegate to the Board of Control, offered Bradman work as a stockbroker if he would relocate to Adelaide and captain South Australia (SA). Unknown to the public, the SA Cricket Association (SACA) instigated Hodgetts' approach and subsidised Bradman's wage.Although his wife was hesitant about moving, Bradman eventually agreed to the deal in February 1934. Declining health and a brush with death
In his farewell season for NSW, Bradman averaged 132.44, his best yet. He was appointed vice-captain for the 1934 tour of England. However, "he was unwell for much of the [English] summer, and reports in newspapers hinted that he was suffering from heart trouble". Although he again started with a double century at Worcester, his famed concentration soon deserted him. Wisden wrote:

At one stage, Bradman went 13 first-class innings without a century, the longest such spell of his career, prompting suggestions that Bodyline had eroded his confidence and altered his technique. After three Tests, the series was one–one and Bradman had scored 133 runs in five innings.The Australians travelled to Sheffield and played a warm up game before the Fourth Test. Bradman started slowly and then, "... the old Bradman [was] back with us, in the twinkling of an eye, almost". He went on to make 140, with the last 90 runs coming in just 45 minutes. On the opening day of the Fourth Test at Headingley (Leeds), England were out for 200, but Australia slumped to 3/39, losing the third wicket from the last ball of the day. Listed to bat at number five, Bradman would start his innings the next day. That evening, Bradman declined an invitation to dinner from Neville Cardus, telling the journalist that he wanted an early night because the team needed him to make a double century the next day. Cardus pointed out that his previous innings on the ground was 334, and the law of averages was against another such score.<mask> told Cardus, "I don't believe in the law of averages". In the event, Bradman batted all of the second day and into the third, putting on a then world record partnership of 388 with Bill Ponsford. When he was finally out for 304 (473 balls, 43 fours and 2 sixes), Australia had a lead of 350 runs, but rain prevented them from forcing a victory. The effort of the lengthy innings stretched <mask>'s reserves of energy, and he did not play again until the Fifth Test at The Oval, the match that would decide the Ashes. In the first innings at The Oval, <mask> and Ponsford recorded an even more massive partnership, this time 451 runs. It had taken them less than a month to break the record they had set at Headingley; this new world record was to last 57 years. <mask>'s share of the stand was 244 from 271 balls, and the Australian total of 701 set up victory by 562 runs.For the fourth time in five series, the Ashes changed hands. England would not recover them again until after <mask>'s retirement. Seemingly restored to full health, Bradman blazed two centuries in the last two games of the tour. However, when he returned to London to prepare for the trip home, he experienced severe abdominal pain. It took a doctor more than 24 hours to diagnose acute appendicitis and a surgeon operated immediately. Bradman lost a lot of blood during the four-hour procedure and peritonitis set in. Penicillin and sulphonamides were still experimental treatments at this time; peritonitis was usually a fatal condition.On 25 September, the hospital issued a statement that Bradman was struggling for his life and that blood donors were needed urgently. "The effect of the announcement was little short of spectacular". The hospital could not deal with the number of donors, and closed its switchboard in the face of the avalanche of telephone calls generated by the news. Journalists were asked by their editors to prepare obituaries. Teammate Bill O'Reilly took a call from King George V's secretary asking that the King be kept informed of the situation. Jessie Bradman started the month-long journey to London as soon as she received the news. En route, she heard a rumour that her husband had died.A telephone call clarified the situation and by the time she reached London, Bradman had begun a slow recovery. He followed medical advice to convalesce, taking several months to return to Australia and missing the 1934–35 Australian season. Internal politics and the Test captaincy

There was off-field intrigue in Australian cricket during the antipodean winter of 1935. Australia, scheduled to make a tour of South Africa at the end of the year, needed to replace the retired Bill Woodfull as captain. The Board of Control wanted <mask> to lead the team, yet, on 8 August, the board announced <mask>'s withdrawal from the team due to a lack of fitness. Surprisingly, in the light of this announcement, Bradman led the South Australian team in a full programme of matches that season. The captaincy was given to Vic Richardson, Bradman's predecessor as South Australian captain.Cricket author Chris Harte's analysis of the situation is that a prior (unspecified) commercial agreement forced Bradman to remain in Australia. Harte attributed an ulterior motive to his relocation: the off-field behaviour of Richardson and other South Australian players had displeased the South Australia Cricket Association (SACA), which was looking for new leadership. To help improve discipline, Bradman became a committeeman of the SACA, and a selector of the South Australian and Australian teams. He took his adopted state to its first Sheffield Shield title for 10 years, Bradman weighing in with personal contributions of 233 against Queensland and 357 against Victoria. He finished the season with 369 (in 233 minutes), a South Australian record, made against Tasmania. The bowler who dismissed him, Reginald Townley, would later become leader of the Tasmanian Liberal Party. Australia defeated South Africa 4–0 and senior players such as Bill O'Reilly were pointed in their comments about the enjoyment of playing under Richardson's captaincy.A group of players who were openly hostile toward Bradman formed during the tour. For some, the prospect of playing under Bradman was daunting, as was the knowledge that he would additionally be sitting in judgement of their abilities in his role as a selector. To start the new season, the Test side played a "Rest of Australia" team, captained by Bradman, at Sydney in early October 1936. The Test XI suffered a big defeat, due to <mask>'s 212 and a haul of 12 wickets taken by leg-spinner Frank Ward. Bradman let the members of the Test team know that despite their recent success, the team still required improvement. Shortly afterwards, <mask>'s first child was born on 28 October, but died the next day. He took time out of cricket for two weeks and on his return made 192 in three hours against Victoria in the last match before the beginning of the Ashes series.The Test selectors made five changes to the team who had played in the previous Test match. Significantly, Australia's most successful bowler Clarrie Grimmett was replaced by Ward, one of four players making their debut. <mask>'s role in Grimmett's omission from the team was controversial and it became a theme that dogged <mask> as Grimmett continued to be prolific in domestic cricket while his successors were ineffective—he was regarded as having finished the veteran bowler's Test career in a political purge. Australia fell to successive defeats in the opening two Tests, <mask> making two ducks in his four innings, and it seemed that the captaincy was affecting his form. The selectors made another four changes to the team for the Third Test at Melbourne. <mask> won the toss on New Year's Day 1937, but again failed with the bat, scoring just 13. The Australians could not take advantage of a pitch that favoured batting, and finished the day at 6/181.On the second day, rain dramatically altered the course of the game. With the sun drying the pitch (in those days, covers could not be used during matches) Bradman declared to get England in to bat while the pitch was "sticky"; England also declared to get Australia back in, conceding a lead of 124. Bradman countered by reversing his batting order to protect his run-makers while conditions improved. The ploy worked and Bradman went in at number seven. In an innings spread over three days, he battled influenza while scoring 270 off 375 balls, sharing a record partnership of 346 with Jack Fingleton, and Australia went on to victory. In 2001, Wisden rated this performance as the best Test match innings of all time. The next Test, at the Adelaide Oval, was fairly even until Bradman played another patient second innings, making 212 from 395 balls.Australia levelled the series when the erratic left-arm spinner "Chuck" Fleetwood-Smith bowled Australia to victory. In the

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