title: Gazi Mazharul Anwar

texts:
<mask> (born 22 February 1943) is a Bangladeshi film director, producer, lyricist, screenwriter and music director. He earned the Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Lyricist a record six times for the films Tit for Tat (1992), Ajante (1996), Churiwala (2001), Lal Dariya (2002), Kokhono Megh Kokhono Brishti (2003) and Meyeti Ekhon Kothay Jabe (2016). He worked as a lyricist in the "Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra". He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 2002 and Independence Day Award in 2021 by the government of Bangladesh. Career

1960s
<mask> started his career as a lyricist at Radio Pakistan. The Bangladeshi film industry was born in 1956. <mask> started his career as a lyricist in the Dhallywood film industry in 1965.He wrote songs for Zahir Raihan's films, including Kacher Dewal (1965), Behula (1966), and Dui Bhai (1968). In 1968, Zahir asked him to pen seven songs for a film in two days. <mask> amazed Zahir by finishing in two hours. During this time, <mask> wrote screenplays for multiple films, including Urdu songs for Urdu-language films. 1970s
In the 1970 film Jibon Theke Neya, <mask> wrote the songs. "E Khacha Bhangbo Ami", sung by Khan Ataur Rahman, became a hit. "Eki Sonar Aloy", sung by Sabina Yasmin, was another hit, whose popularity endures.In 1971, the historic fight for Bangladesh's independence from Pakistan took place. Bangladeshi and Indian artists joined the movement through cultural protests. 'Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra' was established for that purpose. Songs protesting Pakistani aggression and glorifying Bangladeshi freedom fighters' strength and contributions were penned by <mask> Parvez, Govind Haldar and <mask> <mask> <mask>. He wrote the patriotic and popular songs "Ektara Tui Desher Kotha", and "Ekbar Jete Dena", first sung by Shahnaz Rahmatullah. He wrote "Joy Bangla Banglar Joy", which became the theme song of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra. He also wrote "Amay Jodi Prosno Koro Kolokakolir Desh"."Joy Bangla" became the theme song for the Awami League. In 1972, he wrote the song "Shudhu Gaan Geye Porichoy" for the film Aponjon. In 1973, he wrote the popular "Monero Ronge Rangabo" for the film Masud Rana. In 1974, he wrote the hit song "Ganeri Khatay Sworolipi Likhe", sung by Runa Laila. It was her first Bangla song and established her as a household name. In 1974, he wrote songs for the patriotic film Alor Michil. Its songs, such as "Dukkho Korona" (sung by Abdul Jabbar) and "Ei Prithir Pore" (sung by Sabina Yasmin) remain popular.Other songs for Yasmin in the 1970s include "O Amar Rosiya Bondhure", "Ei Prithibir Pore", "Eki Sonar Aloy", "Monero Ronge Rangabo" and "Osru Diye Lekha". 1980s
In 1982, he wrote lyrics for Rajnigandha, Ronger Manush, Bhat De and Desh Pardesh. For Rajnigandha, he wrote "Ami Rajanigandha Phuler Moto" (sung by Yasmin), a major hit. He wrote "Jeona Saathi" (sung by Yasmin) for Door Desh. The latter fetched a National Film Award for Andrew Kishore. <mask>'s "Sobai To Bhalobasa Chai" (sung by Andrew Kishore) was a big hit. "Dhonyo Hoyechi Ami", "Koto Sadhonay Emon Bhagyo Mele", and "E Jibone Tumi Ogo Ele", all sung by Yasmin, were successful.In 1984, he wrote popular songs for Mahanayak. In 1986, he wrote "Ei Duniya Ekhon To Aar" (sung by Mitali Mukherjee) for Dui Poisar Alta, starring Shabana. Mukherjee earned a National Film Award for that song. He wrote the song "Akasher Hate Achhe Ekrash Nil", which made Shammi Aktar popular. 1990s
In 1990, he directed the film Swadhin, based on a story from the liberation. In 1997, he wrote "Je Prem Swargo Theke" and "Tumi Amar Praner Cheye Priyo" for Praner Cheye Priyo. In 1999, he penned the songs for the film Biyer Phul, Ammajan, Madam Fuli, Ragi.Biyer Phul had the hit song "Tomay Dekhle Mone Hoy", sung by Kishore and Kanakchapa. 2000-present
In 2002, he wrote songs for Premer Taj Mahal. The soundtrack album was quite successful. It contained the hit "Chhotto Ekta Jibon Niye". He received his fourth National Film Award for Best Lyricist for the film. In 2003, he wrote "Kichu Kichu Manusher Jibone" for Phul Nebo Na Osru Nebo. It was sung by Kishore and Kanak Chapa.In 2005, his song "Sukher Pakhi Re", which appeared in the film Dui Noyoner Alo, earned Yasmin a National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer. Collaborations
He worked with almost every singer and music director of Dhallywood. Shahnaz Rahmatullah; He wrote songs for Shahnaz Rahmatullah, Syed Abdul Hadi, Sabina Yasmin and Runa laila. "Tondraha Noyono Amar", "Ektara Tui Desher Kotha", "Ekbar Jete Dena", "Ek Nodi Rokto Periye", "Sagorer Teer Theke", "Akasher hate ache ekrash nil" and "Chokher nozor emni koira ekdin khoiya jabe". He is best remembered for his collaborations with Yasmin. Her major hits came from her and included "Prem jeno mor godhuli belar Pantho pakhir kakoli", "Osru Diye Lekha", "Swojon Harano Diner", "Koto Sadhonay", "Jibon Amar Dhonyo Holo", "Ei Prithibir Pore", "O Amar Rosiya Bondhure", "Ei Mon Tomake Dilam", "Ami Rajanigandha Phuler Moto", "Tumi Je Amar Kobita", "Mohakal Seto Okul", "E Jibone Tumi Ogo Ele" and "Jeona Saathi". Other important collaborators included Runa Laila, Andrew Kishore, Kanak Chapa, Syed Abdul Hadi, Subir Nandi and Khurshid Alam.His songs for Kishore included: "Bhalobasar Mullo Koto", "Ami Ekdin Tomay Na Dekhile", "Hayre Manush Rongin Fanush" and "Sobaito Bhalobasa Chai". He wrote most of Syed Abdul Hadi's. <mask> wrote "Chhotto Ekta Jibon Niye", "Akashe Chand Utheche", "Onek Sadhonar Pore", "Je Prem Swargo Theke", "Ki Chhile Amar" and other tracks for Kanak Chapa. Songs
A partial list of <mask>'s compositions include:

Filmography

Lyricist

Director
He has directed 19 films. His filmography as a director follows:

Producer
<mask> has produced 23 films. Legacy
<mask> <mask> <mask> is unsurpassed as a Bangladeshi lyricist. He worked with music directors including Alam Khan, Sheikh Sadi Khan, Alauddin Ali, Samar Das, Satya Saha, Ahmed Imtiaz Bulbul and a later generation including Shawkat Ali Emon, Emon Saha and Ali Akram Shuvo.He was among the lyricists of Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendra in 1971 alongside Apel Mahmud, Govind Haldar, Abdul Gaffar Chowdhury. He wrote the songs "Swajan Harano Diner Smarane", "Ektara Tui Desher Kotha", "Ek Nodi Rokto Periye" etc. songs. These songs inspired the nation during the war. His songs made elevated Sabina Yasmin, Runa Laila, Shahnaz Rahmatullah, Subir Nandi, Syed Abdul Hadi, Mahmudunnabi, Kanak Chapa, Andrew Kishore, Khalid Hasan Milu, Baby Nazneen and Monir Khan. Awards
 Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Lyrics (1992, 1996, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2016)
 Ekushey Padak (2002)
 Independence Award (2021)
 President's gold medal for his contribution in the liberation war, by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
 Zia Gold Medal (2002)
 Desh Netri Sansrkitik Padak for his contribution in culture. Dev Bhattacharya and SM Sultan Memorial Award in 1994.Comilla-Chandpur Brahmanbaria Award in 1995. SI DAB Award
 Dhaka Performing Arts Award
 Nattyashaba Award
 Purbani Chalaschitra Pathak Award
 Chitrali Pathak Award
 Comilla Foundation Award
 Jahir Raihan Chalaschitra Award
 Sequence Award
 Dhaka Bishwabiddalaya Shikkhai Alo Award
 Raza Hossain Khan Smriti Award
 Bangladesh Socio Cultural Center Award, and the Film Audience Award. Lifetime achievement
Anwar received several lifetime achievement awards including Cine Film Journalist Association Lifetime Achievement Award and CJFB Lifetime Achievement Award. References

External links

Living people
1943 births
Bangladeshi lyricists
Bangladeshi music directors
Bangladeshi film directors
Best Lyricist National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak in arts
Recipients of the Independence Day Award

masks:
Gazi Mazharul Anwar
Gazi
Gazi
Gazi
Gazi
Gazi
Anwar
Gazi
Mazharul
Anwar
Gazi
Gazi
Anwar
Gazi
Gazi
Mazharul
Anwar


title: William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford

type: original

texts:
<mask>, 1st Viscount <mask>, FRS (30 November 1614 – 29 December 1680) was the youngest son of Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, and his wife, the former Alethea Talbot. A Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665, he was a Royalist supporter before being falsely implicated by Titus Oates in the later discredited "Popish Plot", and executed for treason. He was beatified as a Catholic martyr by Pope Pius XI in 1929. Early life
<mask> grew up in a nominally Anglican household, his father having converted to the Church of England in 1616. <mask> was undoubtedly exposed to Roman Catholic influences, as almost all of the Howard family remained loyal in private to that faith, even if they
conformed outwardly to the Established Church. His grandfather, Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel had been imprisoned by Elizabeth I in the Tower of London for being a Catholic and had died there in 1595 after 10 years' imprisonment. In 1620, <mask> was placed in the household of Samuel Harsnett, Bishop of Norwich for an education, then attended St John's College, Cambridge, at age 11 in 1624, but did not receive a degree.He was still regarded as a member of the Church of England in 1633, when he was listed as an Ecclesiastical Commissioner. Marriage and children
He married Mary, daughter of <mask> (died 1621) and Ann Wilford, and sister of <mask>, 5th Baron Stafford (died 1637) by a licence granted 11 October 1637. The <mask>s were Catholics and the marriage was conducted by a Catholic, not an Anglican, priest, to the reported embarrassment of the groom's father. Following <mask>'s death, and the forced (and probably illegal) surrender of the barony, on the ground of his poverty, by the next heir, Mary's distant cousin <mask>, 6th Baron Stafford in 1637, the Howard family secured the title for <mask>, he and Mary being created Baron and Baroness Stafford on 12 September 1640. Two months later, <mask> was created Viscount Stafford. The couple had 3 sons and 6 daughters, of whom at least 8 are known:

 <mask> Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford, 2nd Viscount Stafford, who married Claude-Charlotte, daughter of Philibert de Gramont and his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Hamilton; died without issue and was succeeded by his brother John's son <mask>. <mask> Howard, who married firstly Mary, daughter of Sir John Southcote of Merstham; married secondly Theresa, daughter of Robert Strickland; father of <mask>, 2nd Earl of Stafford and John, 4th and last Earl.<mask> Howard, who married Eleanor, daughter of <mask>. <mask> Howard, who became a nun. Delphina <mask>, who became a nun at Leuven: she published her father's last letter to her, in which he wrote in moving terms of his innocence of the charges of treason brought against him. Alethea <mask>, who became a nun. <mask> Howard, who in 1669 married as his third wife John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester, but had no issue. <mask> Howard, who married George Holman, of Warkworth, Northamptonshire, and had issue including Anne, who married her cousin <mask>, 2nd Earl of Stafford. Exile and return
<mask> and his family left England in August 1641, moving to Antwerp; his parents had also left England and were living in the same area.He was allowed by Parliament to return to England with his wife  for a time in 1646 and 1647; but in 1649 his estates were sequestered and he was forced to compound for recusancy and royalism. At his trial in 1680, he claimed to have performed many duties for King Charles II during the 1650s, travelling between England and the Low Countries, and visiting Rome, the Palatinate and Heidelberg; in this last he was arrested for claims of debt against the Arundel estate. <mask> was imprisoned in 1656 in the Netherlands, this time for his father's debts. There were many family quarrels over the Howard inheritance, especially between <mask> and his elder brother's family, who  pursued a series of lawsuits against <mask> and his mother for money allegedly due to them. <mask>'s principal character flaw seems to have been his quarrelsome nature. During the Popish Plot he pointed out the absurdity of linking him with Lord Arundell as a co-conspirator, since it was well known that they had not been on speaking terms for 25 years. Over the years he quarreled with many of his Howard relations, including Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, the head of the family, which was to prove unfortunate for him in 1680 when several of his Howard cousins sat as his judges to try him for treason.According to John Evelyn, an eye-witness, of his close relatives in the House of Lords who sat in judgement, only the Earl of Arundel voted Not Guilty, showing, as Evelyn rightly remarked, that <mask> was a man "not beloved by his family". He returned to England at the Restoration of Charles II in 1660 and was restored to his estates. By now   he had long since  abandoned  the  Anglican  faith. He was never really prominent in political affairs nor among the Catholic community, although he did promote the removal of the anti-Catholic penal laws with King Charles II and James, Duke of York, and in the 1670s he apparently tried to mediate between James and the leaders of the Whig opposition. At his trial in 1680 he said vaguely that he might have promoted a policy of religious toleration in his speeches in the House of Lords, but could not remember this in any detail. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society from 1665 onwards, becoming a council member in 1672. His relative obscurity was held against him during the Plot; informers like Stephen Dugdale cunningly invented quite plausible speeches in which he lamented the King's ingratitude and the lack of reward the Howards had received for their loyalty.In fact <mask>, like his fellow Plot victim John Belasyse, 1st Baron Belasyse, thought that under the tolerant regime of Charles II,  himself  widely  believed  to  be a secret Catholic, the Catholic nobility were as well off as they could reasonably expect to be; at his trial he maintained that he had always argued that "we (i.e the Catholic peers) have no other interest than to be quiet." For example, it was well known to the authorities that the Catholic Mass was regularly celebrated at his London town house, but no action was taken against him as a result. He was frequently abroad: his visits to Paris in the late 1670s, though apparently quite innocent, were later to have fatal results, when he was accused by the informer Edward Turberville of going to Paris to hire a killer to assassinate Charles II. <mask> for his part denied that he had ever seen Turberville in his life. Popish Plot

In 1678, he was implicated in Titus Oates's later discredited "Popish Plot", and sent to the Tower of London on 31 October 1678, along with four other Catholic peers. They were due to be put on trial in early 1679, but Charles prorogued Parliament and it was delayed. The King initially seems to have had some suspicions about <mask>'s loyalty, especially after hearing the seemingly plausible evidence of  the informer Stephen Dugdale, and went so far as to offer <mask> a royal pardon if he would confess; but he later altered his opinion.Scepticism about the plot grew and it was thought that the imprisoned peers might be released, but anti-Catholic feelings revived in 1680 and <mask> was put on trial in November for treason. As a peer he claimed the privilege of peerage to be tried before the House of Lords, presided over by the Lord High Steward. As events would show, however, a peer could not take the sympathy of his fellow peers, even those  peers who were his blood relations, for granted. Trial
Trial began on 30 November 1680 (O.S.) at Westminster Hall, and the evidence and arguments closed on 6 December. The main evidence against <mask> came from Titus Oates, who said he had seen a document from the Pope naming <mask> as a conspirator; and from Stephen Dugdale, who testified that <mask> had tried to persuade him to kill the King when <mask> was visiting Dugdale's employers, the Astons, at their country house, Tixall, Staffordshire. A third and particularly dangerous witness, Edward Turberville (a professional soldier, and thus a plausible  choice as an assassin) said that he had visited <mask> in Paris in 1676, where <mask> had tried to bribe him to kill Charles II.There were several inconsistencies in his story, especially concerning the relevant dates, but <mask>, lacking expert legal assistance, failed to exploit them properly. <mask>, like all those who were charged with treason until the passage of the Treason Act 1695, was denied defence counsel and forced to conduct his own defence, bringing forward witnesses to counter the evidence against him. One such witness would have been Richard Gerard of Hilderstone, who had come to London to testify on <mask>'s behalf but was imprisoned on the word of Stephen Dugdale; Gerard died in jail before the trial. Although the Lord High Steward, Heneage Finch, conducted the trial with exemplary fairness, this was not enough to secure <mask>'s acquittal: while <mask> maintained his innocence with vigour, John Evelyn, a spectator, thought his speeches "very confused and without method". He failed, where a good defence counsel might have succeeded, in exposing the inconsistencies in the evidence of Turberville, or to discredit the unsavoury Oates, whose public standing had declined notably over the preceding year. As Evelyn also noted <mask> was "not a man beloved by his own family", and seven out of eight peers of the Howard dynasty who sat on the Court voted him Guilty. A vote was taken of the peers in a roll call on 7 December 1680 (O.S., 17 December 1680 N.S.) .<mask> was convicted by a majority of 55 votes of Guilty to 31 of Not Guilty and sentenced to be hanged, drawn and quartered, the punishment of traitors, which was commuted by the King to beheading. The King, even though he is not thought to have had much personal regard for the unpopular <mask>, later said that he had signed the death warrant "with tears in his eyes", but in the current state of public opinion a reprieve was impossible. Charles added that <mask>'s accusers had his blood on their hands, just as he later told  the Earl of Essex that the blood of Oliver Plunkett was on his head. Execution
<mask> was executed on Tower Hill on 29 December 1680. Gilbert Burnet wrote that he was quickly forgotten, but others thought that the publication of a version of his final words, addressed to his daughter Delphina (who was a nun at Leuven), in which he spoke eloquently of his innocence – "My good child, I pray God bless you. ...Your poor old father hath this comfort, that he is totally innocent" – helped to turn public opinion against the Plot. The early deaths of Dugdale and Turberville, the principal informers against him, were seen by some as proof of the innocence of <mask> and other victims of the plot: <mask> himself was said to have prophesied (correctly) that Turberville would follow him to the grave within the year.To the surprise of many, Turberville to the very last maintained the truth of his charges against <mask>: Gilbert Burnet thought <mask>'s innocence or guilt a mystery beyond solution. Attainder
<mask> was attainted and the family lost the title. The well-intentioned efforts of King James II in 1685 to have the attainder reversed failed, due to deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament on the issue, and later to the King's unwillingness to recall  his  increasingly obstructive Parliament. The title of Baron Stafford was returned to the Howard line in 1824, with the attainder being reversed, but the title of Viscount was extinct as there were no male heirs. His widow, Mary, had her titles restored with the accession of James II, as a consolation for the failure to reverse the attainder on her husband, and she was created Countess of Stafford on 5 October 1688, at the same time her son was created Earl of Stafford. Ancestry

Notes

References

External links
Blessed <mask> High School Stafford U.K. Speech given from the scaffold by Blessed <mask>

1614 births
1680 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English beatified people
Cavaliers
<mask>, 1st Viscount Stafford
Barons Stafford (1640 creation)
People executed under the Stuarts for treason against England
Executed English people
Victims of the Popish Plot
Recusants
17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
16th-century venerated Christians
Fellows of the Royal Society
People executed by Stuart England by decapitation
Viscounts in the Peerage of England
Place of birth missing
English politicians convicted of crimes
One Hundred and Seven Martyrs of England and Wales
Younger sons of earls

masks:
William Howard
Stafford
William
William
William
Edward Stafford
Henry Stafford
Stafford
Henry Stafford
Roger Stafford
William
William
Henry Stafford
William
John Stafford
William
Francis Stafford
Henry Stafford
Ursula Stafford
Stafford Howard
Stafford Howard
Isabella Stafford
Anastasia Stafford
William
William
Stafford
William
William
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
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Stafford
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Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
Stafford
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Stafford
Stafford
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Stafford
William Howard
William Howard
William Howard


title: Margaret G. Kivelson

texts:
<mask> (born October 21, 1928) is an American space physicist, planetary scientist, and Distinguished Professor Emerita of Space Physics at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 2010 to the present, concurrent with her appointment at UCLA, <mask> has been a research scientist and scholar at the University of Michigan. Her primary research interests include the magnetospheres of Earth, Jupiter, and Saturn. Recent research has also focused on Jupiter's Galilean moons. She was the Principal Investigator for the magnetometer on the Galileo Orbiter that acquired data in Jupiter's magnetosphere for eight years and a Co-Investigator on the FGM (magnetometer) of the earth-orbiting NASA-ESA Cluster mission. She is actively involved as a Co-Investigator on NASA's Themis mission, the magnetometer Team Leader for NASA's Europa Clipper Mission, as a member of the Cassini magnetometer team, and as a participant in the magnetometer team for the European JUICE mission to Jupiter. <mask> has published over 350 research papers and is co-editor of a widely used textbook on space physics (Introduction to Space Physics).Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City on October 21, 1928. Her father was a medical doctor and her mother had an undergraduate degree in physics. Kivelson knew in high school that she wanted to pursue a career in science, but was unsure whether she would be successful with the career. Her uncle advised her to become a dietitian knowing that pursuing a physical science career as a woman would be hard, but she ignored this advice and began to study physics. <mask> was accepted into Radcliffe College, Harvard's women's college in 1946, obtained her A.B. degree from Radcliffe in 1950, completed her master's degree in 1952, and was awarded her Ph.D. in physics from Harvard in 1957. Career
Kivelson completed her PhD thesis "Bremsstrahlung of High Energy Electrons' in 1957.Her thesis provided an expression for
the cross section of forward scattering to all orders in the Coulomb interaction. From 1955 to 1971 <mask> worked as a consultant in physics at the RAND Corporation based in Santa Monica, California. Here she researched the interactions of plasmas and electron gases using mathematical techniques similar to those in quantum electrodynamics. Working with Don DuBois, they derived a correction to Landau's relation for the damping excitations of unmagnetized plasma. For 1965-1966, <mask> took a leave from RAND to join her husband's sabbatical leave in Boston. Through a fellowship from the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, <mask> was able to conduct scientific research in a university setting at Harvard and MIT. Motivated by her experiences in academia through the Radcliffe Institute, <mask> joined UCLA in 1967 as an assistant research geophysicist.<mask> quickly climbed through the ranks within the geophysics and space physics community becoming a full professor at UCLA's Department of Earth and Space Sciences in 1980. She chaired the Department of Earth and Space Sciences from 1984 to 1987 and from 1999 to 2000. From 1977 to 1983 <mask> served on the Board of Overseers at Harvard College as well as NASA's Advisory council from 1987 to 1993, the National Research Council's Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Research from 1989 to 1992, and co-chaired the UCLA Academic Faculty Senate's Committee on Gender Equality issues from 1998 to 2000. In 2009 she became a Distinguished Professor of Space Physics, Emerita and in 2010 she also took a position as a research professor at the University of Michigan. Scientific contributions

<mask> has had a very successful career as a scientist that include many publications and original work. Some of her accomplishments are discovering an internal magnetic field at Ganymede, providing compelling evidence for a sub-surface ocean at Europa, and elucidating some of the processes explaining the behavior of ultralow frequency waves in the terrestrial magnetosphere, the discovery of cavity mode oscillations in the magnetosphere, developed new ways of describing wave-particle interactions in magnetohydrodynamic waves, and provided insight into the mechanism of interchange diffusion in rotating plasmas. This research has led <mask> to being an author or co-author on over 350 publications that have accumulated over 12,000 citations.Establishing a scientific career as a woman
Some of her recollections about establishing a career as a woman scientist have been documented in an interview by the American Astronomical Society and piece in the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. When Kivelson started to pursue her undergraduate degree in physics her family joked she was really pursuing a "Mrs" degree. Before  World War II, courses at Radcliffe were segregated by gender from courses at Harvard. However, when Kivelson attended Radcliffe/Harvard  in the first class after the war, classes did not return to being segregated. Kivelson was often the only woman in her courses. Over the course of Julian Schwinger's career he had more than 70 graduate students and of these Kivelson was his only female student. In 1954, she gave birth to her first child, <mask>, now a professor of physics at Stanford, and afterwards she often faced criticism for continuing to work despite being a mother.In 1955 her husband received an appointment at UCLA and she followed him to Los Angeles. She started working part-time at the RAND Corporation while completing her thesis. A few months after receiving her PhD in 1957, she gave birth to her second child, <mask>, now a professor of history at the University of Michigan. In 1973, <mask> won a Guggenheim Fellowship to work at the Imperial College in London. According to her, "that fellowship gave me for the first time the sense that I was being taken seriously as a scientist. More than money, it gave me status and increased my self-confidence considerably."

masks:
Margaret Galland Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Kivelson
Steven Kivelson
Valerie Kivelson
Kivelson


title: Otto Höfler

texts:
<mask> (10 May 1901 – 25 August 1987) was an Austrian philologist who specialized in Germanic studies. A student of Rudolf Much, Höfler was Professor and Chair of German Language and Old German Literature at the University of Vienna. Höfler was also a Nazi from 1922 and a member of the SS Ahnenerbe before the Second World War. Höfler was a close friend of Georges Dumézil and Stig Wikander, with whom he worked closely on developing studies on Indo-European society. He tutored a significant number of future prominent scholars at Vienna, and was the author of works on early Germanic culture. refers to him as "perhaps most famous and probably most controversial representative" of the "Vienna School" of Germanic studies founded by Much. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Vienna on 10 May 1901 to a highly educated upper middle class family.His father, Alois <mask>, was Professor of Philosophy and Pedagogy at the University of Vienna. Alois was a passionate admirer of Richard Wagner, and the author of a book on the Germanic god Odin. <mask>'s mother, Auguste Dornhöffer, was from Bayreuth and also a Wagner admirer. Höfler studied German and Nordic philology at the University of Vienna from 1920 to 1921 under Rudolf Much. Höfler joined the Wiener Akademischer Verein der Germanisten, a völkisch group of German academics in 1921. He joined the Austrian Nazi Party in 1922 after hearing Hitler speak in Vienna. He subsequently continued his studies in Nordic philology at the universities of Lund, Kiel (under Andreas Heusler), Marburg and Basel.He completed his PhD at the University of Vienna in 1926 with the dissertation Altnordische Lehnwortstudien, which examined loanwords in Old Norse. Career
From 1928 to 1934, Höfler was a lecturer in German at Uppsala University. At Uppsala, Höfler befriended the fellow philologists Stig Wikander and Georges Dumézil, who would remain lifelong friends and intellectual collaborators. He completed his habilitation at the University of Vienna in 1931 with the dissertation Kultische Geheimbünde der Germanen, which examined secret societies of the early Germanic peoples. It had a major influence on the future research of Wikander and Dumézil, who would later examine similar societies among Indo-Iranians and Indo-Europeans. From 1935 he lectured at the University of Kiel. In that same year he became a member of the selection committee for the Reichsberufswettkampf, an organization associated with the SS.From 1938, Höfler was Professor and Chair of Germanic Philology and Ethnology at the University of Munich. Also in 1938, he became a leader of the SS Ahnenerbe, an organization he had joined in 1937, and which was partially responsible for him receiving his position in Munich. His research centered on early Germanic culture, particularly early Germanic religion and literature. Höflers Deutsche Heldensage (1941), which examined Medieval German literature, was highly influential, and republished in 1961. Höfler argued in favor of cultural continuity between modern Germans and early Germanic peoples. Höfler was fired from the University of Munich in 1945, and was subsequently prohibited from teaching. In 1950, he received a license to teach Scandinavian studies.In 1954, Höfler was appointed Associate Professor of Nordic Philology and Germanic Antiquity at the University of Munich. Although nominally Associate Professor, Höfler was for all practical purposes a full Professor during this time. Among his notable students at Munich were Heinrich Beck and <mask>. In 1957, Höfler was appointed Professor and Chair of German Language and Old German Literature at the University of Vienna. Gschwantler accompanied him as an assistant, and would eventually become a full professor. A talented and highly popular teacher, Höfler taught and supervised a generation of very influential scholars at Vienna, including Helmut Birkhan, Hermann Reichert, Peter Wiesinger, Erika Kartschoke, Edith Marold, Klaus Düwel, Waltraud Hunke and Wolfgang Lange. A group of Höfler's most dedicated students, which included Gschwantler, Birkhan, Wiesinger and Kartschoke, were affectionately known as the Drachenrunde.Highly sociable, Höfler played an important role at the university as a host of seminaries and parties at his vineyard, and arranged memorable excursions to Ravenna and other places, which were attended by his students and fellow professors and friends, such as Richard Wolfram and . Retirement
Höfler retired from teaching 1971, but continued to teach and research. After his retirement, Höfler worked on refining his earlier theories, and authored extensive studies on Dietrich von Bern and Siegfried, the two most important characters in Medieval German literature. He argued that Siegfried was derived from the Germanic chieftain Arminius, who defeated the Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in 9 AD. Death and legacy
Höfler died in Vienna on 25 August 1987. Höfler's scholarship and legacy are controversial. Höfler had a major influence on Georges Dumézil's trifunctional hypothesis of Indo-European society.He worked closely with Dumézil and scholars such as Stig Wikander, Émile Benveniste and Jan de Vries on developing study on Indo-European mythology, and has been credited with having significantly contributed to reviving the field of comparative mythology. According to Price, though Höfler's early career was shaped by the political changes of the times, the actual content of his works were of high quality and not tainted by political bias. Rowe says that though criticized by some, Höfler's key theories has never been refuted. Price argues Höfler's research has continued to be of great relevance up to the present day. On the other hand,  argues that Höfler’s work is "an example of the self-subjugation of Germanic scholarship to völkisch-nationalistic and National Socialistic ideologies." Jan Hirschbiegel argues that Höfler's work served less to uncover new academic knowledge than to create an ideological foundation for the Nazi state, that Höfler's cultic group of Odin's warriors was meant as spiritual predecessor of the Nazi "death cult" and its "death symbolism", and that Höfler never distanced himself from the völkisch elements of his earlier work. Wolfgang Behringer and Klaus von See similarly point to his Kultische Geheimbünde der Germanen as, in Behringer's words, a "sensational apology for the SS".

masks:
Otto Eduard Gotfried Ernst Höfler
Otto Höfler
Höfler
Otto
Otto Gschwantler


title: Victor Bahl

texts:
<mask> is an American computer scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington. He is known for his research contributions to white space radio data networks, radio signal-strength based indoor positioning systems, multi-radio wireless systems, wireless network virtualization, and for bringing wireless links into the datacenter. He is also known for his leadership of the mobile computing community as the co-founder of the ACM Special Interest Group on Mobility of Systems, Users, Data, and Computing (SIGMOBILE). He is the founder of international conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services Conference (MobiSys), and the founder of ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, a quarterly scientific journal that publishes peer-reviewed technical papers, opinion columns, and news stories related to wireless communications and mobility. <mask> has received important awards; delivered dozens of keynotes and plenary talks at conferences and workshops; delivered over six dozen distinguished seminars at universities; written over hundred papers with more than 25,000 citations and awarded over 100 US and international patents. He is a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, IEEE, and American Association for the Advancement of Science. <mask> is a Technical Fellow and Director of the Mobility & Networking Research group at Microsoft Research.Life in industry

<mask> began his professional career in 1988 as an engineer in the image processing research group at Digital Equipment Corporation in Maynard, Massachusetts. In 1990 he developed the computer industry's first video compression and image rendering software library that shipped with every Ultrix and VMS computer. Between 1990 and 1992, he worked on the Jvideo hardware prototype (and later the J300), a TURBOchannel based multimedia board for manipulating digital video on personal workstations. Following the success of these project, in 1993, he and his group shipped FullVideo and FullVideo Supreme, the IT industry's first multimedia hardware product for VAX-, Alpha-, and Pentium-based workstations. FullVideo used two C-Cube CL 550 chips for simultaneous compression and decompression of JPEG streams, a Motorola DSP5001 for CD quality audio, and a propriety blue noise based image renderer. In 1994, <mask> was awarded a two-year doctoral fellowship from DEC, which enabled him to complete his PhD degree at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. In 1997, he joined Microsoft Research in Redmond, Washington and developed the first Wi-Fi based indoor positioning system and the first public area Wi-Fi hot spot.In 2001 he formed the Networking Research Group and in 2010 the Mobility & Networking Research Group. <mask> advises Microsoft's CEO and senior leadership team on long-term vision and strategy related to networking technologies. He and his group execute on the strategy through research, technology transfers to product groups, industry partnerships, and associated policy engagement with governments and research institutions around the world. Over the years his group has developed technologies such as campus-wide white space networking, wireless zero-configuration, Native Wi-Fi, Virtual Wi-Fi, firmware TPM, and the Xbox wireless controller protocol. His group is also known for re-thinking data center networking by redesigning its architecture, load balancer, management systems, network virtualization, and cloud services. Research contributions

White space radio communications
As leader of Microsoft's Networking over White Spaces (KNOWS) project, <mask> led a worldwide effort to harness relatively unused spectra (TV white space) using a fundamentally different approach (opportunistic sharing of spectrum) from previous allocations. In 2007 he and his group built the first TV white space radio, tested by the Federal Communications Commission; in 2009, they carried out some of the first US tests of whitespace radio communications; on April 7, 2010, as part of the IEEE DySPAN conference keynote talk, he announced the free availability of a white space spectrum database for research.On August 14, 2010,  <mask> and Microsoft's Chief Research and Strategy Officer Craig Mundie hosted U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Julius Genachowski and FCC managing director Steven Van Roekei on Microsoft's Redmond campus. During this meeting, <mask> presented the details of the white space networking technology and his group demonstrated the world's first campus-wide TV white space network. One month later, on September 23, 2010, the FCC made a historic ruling that opened up over 180 MHz of spectrum for unlicensed use in the United States and another subsequent ruling that made spectrum sensing a non-mandatory requirement, a decision expected to be the key reason for the success of this technology. Following the FCC's lead, spectrum regulatory bodies of several other countries passed similar rulings. <mask>'s efforts were covered extensively by the mainstream media. He and his group published several seminal papers including a best paper in SIGCOMM 2009 titled “White Space Networking with Wi-Fi like Connectivity”. These publications triggered a wave of further research in dynamic spectrum access.Since then <mask> has continued to pursue this line of research, incorporating newer technologies such as smart antennas, MIMO, and software defined radios into wide area unlicensed networks. Indoor positioning

<mask> developed the RADAR Indoor positioning system, the world's first RF signal strength based indoor location determination system. The basic premise of operation is to record signal strength information from multiple Wi-Fi access points into a database during an initial training phase. These signal strengths from nearby access points (a fingerprint) are then stored in a database. During operation, the mobile makes the same AP signal strength measurements and then queries the database to find the closest location match. Further refinements combine these empirical measurements with environmental profiling, mobility modeling, and topographical constraints to locate and track mobiles. <mask> and collaborators were awarded 12 U.S. and international patents for this work.Wi-Fi public area hotspots
Bahl designed and deployed the world's first free public area Wi-Fi hotspot network in the Crossroads Shopping Center in Bellevue, Washington on 11 June 1999. The network known as CROWN, short for CROssroads Wireless Network, was operational for two years before being retired on 14 June 2001. At a time when the telecommunications industry was vigorously pushing 3G networks, CROWN demonstrated how Wi-Fi hotspots could be an inexpensive alternative to cellular Internet access. CROWN's edge server architecture supported important features such as network discovery, global authentication, differentiated services, last hop cryptographic security, and location-based services. The design and the accompanying protocols influenced Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working groups and companies deploying Wi-Fi hot-spots. The centralized dumb access point and smart switch architecture deployed in enterprise Wi-Fi networks can also be traced back to CROWN. <mask> published influential papers and was awarded several US patents for his inventions (United States patents: 6,834,341, 7,032,241, 7,089,415, 7,085,924, 7,149,896, 7,313,237, 7,406,707, 7,444,510, 7,444,669, 7,500,263, 7,548,976).Wireless community meshes

Community-based  multi-hop wireless networking is a disruptive force on mainstream
DSL and cable modem wireline networks. In the true spirit of the Internet, it allows free flow of information without any moderation or selective rate control (see network neutrality). Between 2003 and 2007, <mask> and his team at Microsoft Research invented several important technologies that made wireless mesh networking feasible. Their research, which was highly publicized in mainstream press, popularized the idea of community networks that would grow organically when neighbors connect their home Wi-Fi networks together via wireless meshes. To mitigate the loss of throughput, which is fundamental in meshes with half-duplex radios, <mask> departed from the norm and became the first researcher to build wireless meshes with multi-radio nodes. Subsequently, his group developed multi-radio routing algorithms that took advantage of this to extract better performance. He also built networks that split the control and data plane into different frequencies  and developed troubleshooting technologies that enabled them to self-manage and self-stabilize.In 2005 and 2007 he developed and distributed open source academic toolkits that were used as a teaching and research aid in over 1200 universities worldwide. He published several scientific papers, gave tutorials and keynote talks, and Microsoft licensed the technology to start-ups. To speed up adoption and provide broadband Internet access in rural areas with poor connectivity, in 2006 he helped launch  Microsoft's Digital Inclusion Program that provided substantial funding for research and deployment of mesh networks. <mask> was awarded eight international patents pertaining to mesh networking. Wireless network virtualization
<mask> and his brother Pradeep <mask> and (then) PhD candidate Ranveer Chandra co-invented wireless hardware virtualization, which enables a Wi-Fi card to give the illusion that it is connected to multiple wireless networks. The virtualization software resides below the network layer of the OSI network stack. It switches the hardware configuration rapidly and automatically causing it to connect to different networks.Switching speeds of 1 to 2 milliseconds and demand driven switching creates the illusion that the device is connected to multiple networks simultaneously. The first prototype, developed in 2002 was called MultiNet. Seven years later, in 2009, Microsoft shipped the technology as Virtual Wi-Fi to millions of users of its Windows operating system. Virtual Wi-Fi brought to life new scenarios such as concurrent connection – allowing a device to communicate over an ad hoc network while being connected to the infra-structure network. This technique is now often used with the widely popular Wi-Fi Direct. Virtual Wi-Fi also enabled Wi-Fi networks to extend their range as intermediate node(s) served as relay device(s). A third popular scenario allows bridging ad hoc networks to the Internet for the purpose of providing a localized Wi-Fi hot-spot.Initially released as a research prototype, software download of Multinet exceeded several hundred thousand making it one of the most popular software downloaded in Microsoft Research's history. Virtual Wi-Fi received many accolades from mainstream media and copycat versions have been incorporated into several other commercial operating systems. Multi-radio wireless systems

In 2001, <mask> developed the first multi-radio personal digital assistant (PDA). This precursor to modern smart phones used two different radios collaboratively to dramatically improve its network performance and Voice over IP functionality compared to the popular commercially available single radio wireless PDAs. The significant new design concept of using multiple radios with different characteristics in the same device was described in a 2002 MobiCom paper, where he and his co-authors showed how a low power radio, an RF Monolithics TR1000 ASH Transceiver, connected to a low power microcontroller, a Microchip PIC16LF877, could be used to wake-up the high-power device, a Compaq  iPAQ H3650PDA equipped with a Cisco AIR-PCM350 802.11b wireless networking card, on a as needed basis. This configuration increased the overall battery lifetime of the iPAQ by up to 115% for typical users. Following this, between 2003 & 2005, <mask> wrote a series of research papers quantifying the advantages of using multiple radios in real-world wireless meshes and wireless LANs.In a 2004 paper titled, “Reconsidering wireless systems with multiple radios,” he proposed the design principle of separating control and data planes by assigning different radios to each. <mask>'s designs have proliferated deeply into the computer and telecommunication industry. His early work opened up a new threads of research and products and for this he was awarded at least five US patents (7,065,376, 7,099,689, 7,283,834, 7,610,057, 8,078,208). Also, as of 2014, five of his papers on this topic have been cited over 2,100 times. Millimeter wave networking in data centers

In 2008-09, concerned  about the rapidly growing demand for cloud computing, the IT industry was contemplating converting the prevalent multi-rooted tree based network topology, of oversubscribed data center networks, to a fat tree topology or to a non-blocking full bisection bandwidth clos topology. The difficulty was that re-hauling these networks with complex aggregate layer network switches, as required in a fat tree network topology, or with thousands of simpler commodity network switches inter-connected with miles of wires as required in a clos network topology, was very expensive. In a study of a production mega data center, published in Oct. 2009, <mask>, Kandula, and Padhye showed that barring a few outliers, traffic demands could be met in existing, slightly-oversubscribed data center networks.Then, to manage the outliers, they augmented the small (i.e. low port density) network switches, commonly referred to as top-of-the-rack or ToR switches, which connect the server racks to the rest of the network, with extremely high frequency point-to-point radio frequency links. Notwithstanding concerns about link reliability due to interference, they used these short range, highly directional links advantageously, exploiting frequency_reuse to light-up many links concurrently and interference-free at multi-Gbps rates. The steerable radio beams provided additional inter-rack capacity on an as needed bases thus relieving congestion hot-spots. By building such a network, they became the first researchers to introduce mm-wave (60 GHz) wireless communications in data centers. Three years later, their invention was covered by the New York Times in an article published on Jan. 14, 2012 titled “A wireless road around data traffic jams.”  Others have followed up on their seminal work by developing similar networks. Professional service contributions

Over the past 20 years, <mask> has been a keystone figure in the mobile computing research community, beginning with his 1995 co-founding (with Imrich Chlamtac) of ACM SIGMOBILE, the ACM's special interest group in mobility and tetherless ubiquitous connectivity.Under the auspices of SIGMOBILE, <mask> has served as steering committee chair of its flagship conference MobiCom, the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, since 2001. In 2003, <mask> brokered a deal between the two largest computer systems organizations (ACM and USENIX) to found MobiSys, The International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. MobiSys is now recognized as the most prestigious mobile systems venue in the world, evidenced by paper acceptance rates comparable to other top publication venues in computer science. In 1996, <mask> founded ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, a quarterly scientific magazine/newsletter that publishes peer-reviewed technical papers, standards reports, RF related health articles, conference and workshop reports, opinion columns, news stories, and interviews related to mobility and wireless communications. The first issue was published in April 1997. He served as its first editor-in-chief till June 2001. Education
 PhD, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Thesis title: Real-Time Visual Communications over Narrowband Wireless Radio Networks. Doctoral fellow at Digital Equipment Corporation. Master of Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Buffalo. Thesis title: Recognition of Handwritten Script: A Hidden Markov Model Approach. Bachelor of Science, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Buffalo. Thesis title: Conic Shape Detection Using a Non-Linearized Iterative Approach.

masks:
Victor Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
Bahl
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Bahl
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title: Flor Meléndez

texts:
<mask> (born January 12, 1947) is a retired basketball player from Puerto Rico. He is a former head coach of Puerto Rico’s men’s national basketball team, Argentina men's national basketball team, and Panama men's national basketball team. Currently, he coaches in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional as an assistant coach for Gigantes de Carolina. Biography

Early life
<mask> is the son of <mask> and Emilia Montañez. He grew up alongside seven brothers and three sisters. Two of his brothers, Jorge and Diego, also had notable careers as basketball players. <mask> enjoyed sports since a young age.He moved to Cantera, a San Juan area that is close to the childhood homes of salsa singer Andy Montañez and world boxing champion Ossie Ocasio, when he was still a child. At Cantera, he was enrolled at the Oratorio San Juan Bosco school, where he participated in one of Puerto Rico's best known Association football programs, the "Don Bosco" teams. He also enjoyed playing baseball. Although <mask> would have probably been chosen to play on Puerto Rico's Liga de Baloncesto Superior (Puerto Rico's professional basketball league) he decided to pursue basketball as a future career, playing in the YMCA before entering the Puerto Rico's professional basketball league in 1965, with San Juan's squad. Professional career
<mask> began his coaching career in 1967, coaching a youth team. In 1968, <mask> became a member of the Puerto Rican national basketball team that competed at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City. He also represented the country in Spain, Venezuela and the Dominican Republic as a player with the national team.<mask> won four youth championships as head coach between 1967 and 1973, year in which he was traded from San Juan to the Gigantes de Carolina team in the BSN. <mask> became head coach of the Puerto Rican national women's basketball team in 1976. He helped the Gigantes reach the BSN finals in 1979, but they lost to Raymond Dalmau's Quebradillas Pirates for the championship. That year, <mask> retired as a player and decided to concentrate on his coaching career. In 1978, he stepped off as coach of the women's national team, having won two gold medals with the women's youth team and a bronze one with the veteran's team, earned at the Central American and Caribbean Games held in Medellín, Colombia. Upon retiring as head coach of the female national team, <mask>u led Piratas de Quebradillas, in 1978 and 1979.His first year as head coach of the Gigantes, <mask> won the BSN's coach of the year award. That same year, he became head coach of the men's national team, leading them to a gold medal in the Pre-Olympics. Because United States President Jimmy Carter announced a boycott of the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, <mask> was deprived of participating in his second Olympic Games. In 1981, <mask> returned to the finals, this time coaching the Bayamón Cowboys, who, helped by stars such as Rubén Rodríguez, Jose Sosa and Roberto Valderas, won the national championship by defeating Fico Lopez, Mario Morales and the Julio Toro coached Guaynabo Mets. <mask> and Toro sustained a coaching rivalry during the early 1980s that lasted a few years. In 1982, the Cowboys lost to the Mets in the tournament's semifinals. <mask> remained as head coach of the men's national team until 1983, when he retired as head coach of that organization, having led them to a silver medal at the 1979 Pan American Games held in San Juan, and at the 1981 Centrobasket tournament as well as the 1982 Central American and Caribbean games.In 1985, <mask> led José Ortiz and the Atleticos de San German to that franchise's first championship in 30 years. He then moved to Argentina, where he was named head coach of that country's national team. He coached in Argentina's professional league, and had a stint as head coach of a professional team in Venezuela. <mask> would later on move to Panama, where he also was head coach of the national team. In 1992, Melendez earned his second BSN coach of the year award, and he repeated it in 1993. Back at the helm of the Bayamón Cowboys, <mask> won his third national championship in 1995, leading the team to back to back titles when they also conquered the 1996 championship. In 1999, <mask> made history by taking Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama, the Brazilian basketball team to the McDonald's Cup final, facing NBA champion San Antonio Spurs.With Vasco, <mask> won the Brazilian Championship and South American basketball champion. <mask> was still coaching the Cowboys in 2004, when, as assistant coach, he finally attended his second Olympic Games, after Puerto Rico's national men's basketball team won a bronze medal at the 2003 pre-Olympic Games to qualify for the Athens sports celebration. <mask> has also coached the Ponce Lions in the BSN. He recorded his 600th career win on April 24th, 2017. As a basketball player, <mask> retired as one of only 65 players in history to reach the 5,000 points mark in the BSN, having scored 5,088 points during his career. In 2020 <mask> was managing the Indios de Mayagüez team until the season was postponed on account of a global pandemic. In 2021, Melendez began as the head coach of Mayagüez.He resigned in mid-August, and became an assistant coach at Carolina. Personal life
Melendez's grandson Jhivvan Jackson plays college basketball for UTSA. At the end of March 2020, Melendez was hospitalized after contracting the coronavirus during the 2020 pandemic. He recovered and tested negative by April. His wife who had also tested positive, recovered as well. References

External links
Statistics in BSN
Puerto Rican basketball federation's page about Meléndez

1947 births
People from Cidra, Puerto Rico
Living people
Puerto Rican men's basketball players
Baloncesto Superior Nacional players
BSN coaches
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista basketball coaches
Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama basketball coaches
Shooting guards

masks:
Flor Meléndez Montañez
Meléndez
Florencio Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndezma
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez
Meléndez


title: Julius Youngner

texts:
<mask><mask> (24 October 1920 – 27 April 2017) was an American Distinguished Service Professor in the School of Medicine and Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics at University of Pittsburgh responsible for advances necessary for development of a vaccine for poliomyelitis and the first intranasal equine influenza vaccine. Youngner survived many infections as a young child which left him with a lifelong interest in infectious disease. After completing an undergraduate degree in English, he was trained in Biology at University of Michigan before being drafted into the Army. After the war, he joined the U.S. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Cancer Institute before joining the Salk team responsible for polio vaccine. As a member of the Jonas Salk research team, <mask> contributed in the development of polio vaccine, including techniques for large scale production of poliovirus and the rapid color test measurement of polio virus in living tissue. He is considered "one of the seminal figures in contemporary virology and it's been that way for more than 50 years" by Arthur S. Levine, senior vice chancellor for the health sciences at University of Pittsburgh. Research by Youngner and colleague Samuel Salvin was also responsible for the discovery of gamma interferon.Youngner was an important early pioneer in vaccine development, testing, and government licensing of drugs before allowing them to market. He was critical of Cutter Laboratories virus manufacturing prior to deaths resulting from Cutter inactivated vaccine. He continued to promote research integrity and actions on misconduct until the end of his career. Early life
Younger was born in 1920 in Manhattan, New York, where his father was a businessman. When he was seven-years-old Youngner was nearly killed by lobar pneumonia. Education and Manhattan Project
Youngner graduated Evander Childs High School, when he was 15 years old, and received a B.A. in English from New York University in 1939.After completing a Sc.D. degree in microbiology at the University of Michigan, Youngner stayed on as a faculty member, and left in 1947 to join the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda. Youngner was drafted into basic U.S. Army infantry training. Upon completion he screened at Oak Ridge, Tennessee and assigned to classified research at University of Rochester School of Medicine on uranium salts. The effects of inhaled uranium salts on human tissue was important to the war effort, related to purification of uranium for nuclear research and weapons. Youngner never knew the research was related to weapons until the end of the war. He thought nuclear energy would be used for planes or submarines for transportation.Career
In 1949, <mask> moved to the University of Pittsburgh to pursue virology at and, subsequently, to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine for the rest of his career. In 1960 he was appointed Professor of Microbiology. Between 1985 and 1989, he was Chairman of the Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Working on polio prevention, he was responsible for three key advancements in poliomyelitis vaccine development. 1. He proved a method for separation of monkey kidney cells, which led to techniques for large scale production. 2.He developed a process to prevent infection while retaining ability to vaccinate, and 3. safety testing for batches of vaccine and anti-polio antibodies in test subjects. or in the words of his colleague: "“Juli figured out how to grow the virus, how to inactivate it, and then he figured how to test the immune response to see if it worked.”

Trypsinization

Youngner demonstrated the separation of monkey kidney cells using the pancreatic enzyme trypsin, a technique previously proven by the Rockefeller Institute could be applied to high titer virus stocks. Applying this method to a single kidney "could produce enough raw material for 6000 shots of polio vaccine." This advance in production of virus raw material directly led to vaccine viability. Titration
The measurement developed by Youngner for safely and quickly testing batches of vaccine and also antibodies to the virus after application were important advancements necessary for vaccine success. Youngner identified that a difference in pH, as indicated by metabolic activity by other researchers, could be used to identify cell cultures infected with virus and also cultures with antibodies to virus. This pH could be easily indicated by phenol red in a tissue-culture system.Inactivated poliovirus
The Salk vaccine is based upon formalin inactivated wild type virus. The key to effective inactivation depended upon a color test developed by Youngner, which allowed formalin induced viral protein degradation to be accurately plotted. From Youngner's work, formalin application for six days was projected to produce only "one live virus particle in 100 million doses of vaccine." By 1954, the first virus trials had immunized 800,000 children against polio. Temperature-sensitive virus

Youngner studied the role of in-apparent infections in an effort to link a selection of wild type virus to chronic and persistent infections. His team studied the mechanisms of these infections, and also infections of vesicular stomatitis virus, sendai virus, and persistent newcastle disease virus. First intranasal equine influenza vaccine
Youngner is responsible for the first equine influenza vaccine, based upon cold-adapted influenza virus.Previous methods of vaccination required treatment up to six times per year without adequate protection. In collaboration with Flu Avert I.N., approval was granted for the use of cold-adapted virus that only replicates at temperatures in the respiratory tract, offering "unprecedented level of protection in the prevention of equine flu" and offering protection for up to twelve months. Patents

Youngner has contributed patents on Lipid purification and concentration of viruses and vaccines, an important contribution to the reduction of egg protein and associated vaccine induced complications, antitumor processes of Brucella, and numerous contributions to cold adapted influenza virus. Personal life
<mask> met and married his first wife, Tula Liakakis, in Michigan, in 1943. They had a son, Stuart, and a daughter, Lisa. Tula died of Hodgkin's Disease in 1963. He married Rina Balter in 1964.They had no children together but were active in the Jewish community in Pittsburgh, PA. He died there after a brief illness. See also

 How A Pittsburgh-Made Polio Vaccine Helped Beat A Disease That Terrified A Nation on 90.5 WESA Pittsburgh's NPR News Station

References

American inventors
American medical researchers
American virologists
American epidemiologists
Vaccinologists
Polio
University of Pittsburgh faculty
1920 births
2017 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh
New York University alumni

masks:
Julius S
. Youngner
Youngner
Youngner
Youngner


title: Elias Breeskin

texts:
<mask> (Russian: Элиас Бреескин; Ukrainian: Еліас Бреескін; 1896 – May 9, 1969) was a violinist, composer and conductor. <mask> was born on October 25, 1895 in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk),  a small village in the Yekaterinoslav Governorate of the Russian Empire, now part of Ukraine, which has now morphed into the industrial city of Dnipropetrovsk, with over a million inhabitants. The dam on the Dneiper River, shown on the film Doctor Zhivago, is in this city. First years
<mask> was the youngest of three brothers. His older twin brothers were about ten years older than he, and were identified as potential classical musicians. The story has it that Boris and Daniel, at the age of 19, went off to the Caucasus Mountains to play a violin gig. Boris ran outside in the frigid air without his overcoat, caught pneumonia, and died.<mask> was profoundly affected by the death of his brother. Olga, <mask>' mother, realized that he had musical talent as well, and bent her strong will to providing him with the best musical education that could be obtained in Russia at the time. <mask>’ references to his mother were always curious in nature. He referred to her with a mixture of emotions, among them being strong love, fear, admiration, and wonder, all present in his face. <mask>' father was a quiet, dear man who had learned, appropriately, not to cross his indomitable wife, who was approximately 200 pounds in weight, and quite muscular. First successes
In 1903, shortly after <mask>’ seventh birthday, his mother turned him over to a professional violinist in the local Conservatory in Cracow, Poland, for lessons. At the age of 8, he played Bach's E major concerto, and was a sensation.During the next two years, he toured through Ukraine and western Russia, where he was also tutored by Leopold Auer, personal musician to the Czar. Young <mask> was met with overwhelming responses to his violin playing. He was hailed as one of the greatest child prodigies ever. The family left Russia because of the Jewish massacre. They came to America and settled in Washington, DC where they already had relatives established. Before he left Russia, <mask> in 1906 played for Franz Joseph, Emperor of Austria-Hungary, with tremendous success. Family lore has it that the emperor gave him an enormous ring, with three rubies, directly from his finger.In the United States
When the family arrived in America, Olga sought funding for her son’s musical career. She ensconced herself in front of The White House, and asked to see Edith Roosevelt. The guards ignored her. She returned to the front gate day after day, until Mrs. Roosevelt asked for information about “the babushka lady.” Olga told the First Lady about <mask>, and asked if she and her friends could sponsor his musical education. After hearing him play, Mrs. Roosevelt agreed to do so, and got together a group of people, including Mr. Frank Damrosch, who sponsored <mask>’ education at the Juilliard School of Music, at that time called the Institute of Musical Arts. In the early part of the century, the best violin instructor in America was Franz Kneisel. Maestro Kneisel took on <mask> as a pupil, and had enormous influence on his subsequent career.After nine years at Juilliard, <mask> won the Loeb prize in 1915. A part of this prize was a concert at Carnegie Hall, which was extremely well received; the reviewers in the next day’s newspapers remarked on the warmth and purity of his tone, his technical abilities, and the sincerity and refinement of his playing. A wealthy patron, Edward Schafer, a member of the New York Stock Exchange, gave <mask> a Rougemont Stradivarius with a Tourte bow as a gift. Schafer had originally purchased the violin from the Rudolph Wurlitzer Company, of 113 West Fortieth Street, for $16,000 together with the bow for $850. <mask> and the violin were inseparable for the next ten years. When the stock market crashed in 1929, <mask> returned the violin to his benefactor to help him pay his debts. In 1917, <mask> became a member of the New York Symphony under Walter Damrosch.Others in the orchestra included future superstars Mischa Elman, Pablo Casals, and Joseph Hoffman. <mask> received great reviews for his performance at the Aeolian Hall in February 1918. <mask> won a place as Enrico Caruso’s accompanist for his tour in 1918. That year he made recordings for Brunswick Records, the first of which appeared on a rare vertically cut issue in Canada. He returned to Carnegie Hall again in April 1919 and was noted for his vigorous style. First health problems
In 1919, <mask> met Adelyn Dohme, the daughter of one of the wealthiest men in the country, the owner of the Dohme Chemical Company, which became Sharp and Dohme Pharmaceuticals, and in 1953 Merck Sharp & Dohme. Adelyn’s family was very much opposed to their marriage, which took place in June 1920.Together they parented three daughters, Jean Dorothy.and Gloria

Around the time of this marriage, <mask> became pathologically addicted to gambling. This malady was to plague him with horrendous consequences for both him and his family for the rest of his life. As a conductor
<mask> and Adelyn settled down, and he became concertmaster of the Capitol Theatre Orchestra in New York. In 1925, he became the conductor of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra. Due to gambling debts, he had to leave Minneapolis, and ended up reestablishing the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra in 1927. After two years there, <mask> continued to run up enormous gambling debts, and Adelyn’s father was successful in getting his daughter to agree to end the marriage, effectively ending <mask>' career in Pittsburgh as well. Adelyn would later become Director of the Baltimore Museum of Art.As a composer
When <mask> returned in disgrace to New York, he composed Cosmopolis, a descriptive piece which somewhat resembles Ottorino Respighi’s The Fountains of Rome. At this time, <mask> found himself in the intensive care unit of a hospital, having suffered a ruptured appendix. Peritonitis had set in, and he was not expected to live. After considerable medical intervention, his life was saved, and he was due to be discharged from the hospital. He said goodbye to everyone, including Anna, the nurses’ orderly on the ward; he asked her in his typically dramatic way, “How can I possibly thank you for giving me back my life?” Anna looked him straight in the eye, and said, “You can marry me.” When <mask> told his son John this story, the night before John's marriage, he reached his hand across the table in the bar on Broadway, tousled John's hair, and said, “It’s a good thing too, because you were three months along the way.” Anna gave birth to <mask>' two sons, John first and Eugene (Gene) two years later. The Hollywood Bowl Symphony Orchestra
<mask> was the arranger and one of the performers for the Eddie Cantor show; when it moved to Hollywood, Anna, Gene and John moved there with <mask>. They arrived in Hollywood in 1937, and moved into a wonderful neighborhood where Bob Hope lived down the street.During this time, there were so many musicians who were out of work that <mask> formed what later became the Hollywood Bowl Symphony Orchestra, and began to write music for movies. It was also at this time that he embezzled the entire payroll of the orchestra, and left for Mexico City, on the run, because Mexico did not yet have an extradition treaty with the US. The musicians of the orchestra, knowing that <mask> had ripped them off, still prepared a scroll for him, testifying to his musicianship, and for giving them a step forward in their careers. <mask> kept that scroll on the wall for many years. In Mexico
In the 1940s he moved to Mexico and became an exclusive artist of the XEB Radio station in Mexico City, the oldest in the country composed scores for the Cinema of Mexico including the Cantinflas film Neither blood nor sand. He had a daughter there who became a famous entertainer and violinist herself, <mask>. In 1941, Anna, Gene, and <mask> joined <mask> in Mexico City, where he had become musical director for XEW, the most important radio station in the country.<mask> describes one Christmas sitting in box seat in the principal orchestra hall in Mexico City near the President of Mexico, and watching his father <mask> take the stage, lift his baton, and give the downbeat for Tchaikovsky’s The Nutcracker. <mask> also describes living in a mansion with several servants, including a chauffeur, a gardener, a bodyguard, a cook and two young maids. <mask> would come home from work, take off his suit jacket, and reveal a tiny Capuchin monkey tucked into his armpit. He would come home from the mercado with a parrot with violently colored feathers perched on his shoulder; this was typical. In prison
In May 1945, <mask> was arrested and taken to jail as a political prisoner due to his gambling debts and for being on the wrong side of the political process; he was sent to "las Islas Marías" (the equivalent of Devil’s Island), where his cellmate was Ramón Mercader, Leon Trotsky’s assassin. He was held there for almost a year. During this time his marriage ended.After <mask> got out of jail, he married his third wife Lena Torres, with whom he had a daughter Olga and son <mask>, also an accomplished violinist. While in prison, before he was pardoned by the president of Mexico, Manuel Ávila Camacho (1 December 1940 – 30 November 1946) <mask> wrote La Ciudad de Los Muertos based upon his experiences in prison. This was very favorably received when he performed it at The Palacio de las Bellas Artes in Mexico City. His death
<mask>, who never bothered to look about him when he was crossing the street, was hit by a car and broke his hip. The hip was replaced, but he broke it again. He died in his sleep of pneumonia on Friday May 9, 1969, at the age of 73. References

External links

Musicians from Dnipro
American male conductors (music)
American violinists
American male violinists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American emigrants to Mexico
Prisoners and detainees of Mexico
Recipients of Mexican presidential pardons
1896 births
1969 deaths
Brunswick Records artists
Mexican people of Russian descent
Mexican people of Ukrainian descent
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century violinists
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Elias Breeskin
Elias
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Olga Breeskin
John Breeskin
Elias
John Breeskin
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John Breeskin
Elias
Elias
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Elias Junior
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Elias


title: Jean Bony

texts:
<mask> (born in Le Mans, France, 1 November 1908 – died in Brisbane, Australia, 7 July 1995) was a French medieval architectural historian specialising in Gothic architecture. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge from 1958 to 1961, Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge, and Professor of Art at the University of California at Berkeley, from 1962 to 1980. Early life and education
His parents were <mask> and <mask>. He attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Paris, before going to the University of the Sorbonne, in 1929, where he studied under Henri Focillon, receiving his first degree in History and Geography in 1933. In 1935 he changed his focus to art history under Focillon's influence, and received a two-year fellowship from the Sorbonne to carry out research. He began to travel throughout Europe, in particular in England, in order to write his doctoral thesis on the role of Norman architecture on gothic architecture. He found favourable ground for his research and spent all of his career in English-speaking countries.Professional work
<mask> taught French as an Assistant Master at Eton College from 1937 to 1939. On the outbreak of the Second World War he returned to France and served in the French Army; he was captured, and spent from 1940 to 1943 in prisoner-of-war camps, where he continued his interest in medieval architecture, writing articles, compiling notes, making detailed drawings, and giving educational talks to his fellow-prisoners. He left the French Army as a first lieutenant in 1944. Returning to the UK after the war, he taught briefly at Eton again (1945 to 1946), then became a Reader at the French Institute in London (1946-1961). In parallel with this he was a Visiting Lecturer (1948-1958) and external examiner (1950-1958) at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London. With George Zarnecki of the Courtauld he began a project in around 1960 to compile an exhaustive inventory of Romanesque sculpture in the British Isles, which Zarnecki eventually completed after <mask>'s death. No doubt through Zarnecki's influence, Bony contributed photographs to the Courtauld Institute's Conway Library, an extensive archive of architectural images currently undergoing a digitisation process.Bony has had a great influence on medieval scholarship within The Courtauld Institute, well beyond his time spent there, and still evident in the work of recent and current Courtauld scholars. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at the University of Cambridge from 1958 to 1961). In the USA he was Focillon Fellow and visiting Lecturer at Yale University in 1949, and in 1962 he obtained a chair in the History of Art at the University of California at Berkeley, spending a great deal of his time building the department's collection of slides and photographs. He retired from Berkeley in 1980. In France he lectured briefly in the History of Art at the University of Lille (1961-1962), and in 1978 he was Visiting Fellow at the Humanities Research Centre of the Australian National University in Canberra. After his retirement he held the following positions:

 1982: Kress Professorship at the Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts at the National Gallery of Art
 1983: Visiting Mellon Professor at the University of Pittsburgh
 1984-1987: Meadows Professor at Southern Methodist University
 1988: Getty Lecturer at the University of Southern California

A member of the formalist tradition, Bony was the first historian to rigorously describe the structure of the “thick hollow wall”, the starting point of a general history of the constitution of the Gothic style in architecture where Norman works play a key role. Awards and recognitions

 Honorary MA from Cambridge in 1958
 Elected a Fellow of St John's College
 Guggenheim Fellowship in 1981
 Winner of the Haskins Gold Medal of the Medieval Academy of America, linked to the publication of his book, The English Decorated Style (1979)
 Awarded the gold medal of the Commonwealth Club of San Francisco in 1984, linked to the publication of his book French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries (1983)
 Elected Honorary Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London
 Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy
 Vice-President of the Royal Archaeological Institute (Great Britain), 1955-1961
 Received a Distinguished Teaching Award in 1975
 First recipient of the Constantine Panunzio Distinguished Emeriti Award of the University of California in 1983

Memberships
Bony was a member of the following professional societies:

 Société Française d'Archéologie
 Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France
 British Archaeological Association
 College Art Association
 Society of Architectural Historians

Selected publications
La technique normande du mur épais à l’époque romane, Paris: Société Française d’Archéologie, 1939.Notre-Dame de Mantes, Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1947. French influences on the origins of English Gothic architecture, Worcester, London: Trinity Press, 1949. French Cathedrals (with Martin Hurlimann and Peter Meyer), London: Thames and Hudson, 1951. (Edited and with an Introduction by <mask>), Henri Focillon, The Art of the West in the Middle Ages, Volumes 1 and 2, London: Phaidon Press, 1963. The English decorated style: Gothic architecture transformed, 1250-1350. Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1979. French Gothic architecture of the 12th and 13th centuries.University of California Press, Berkeley, 1983. Family
<mask> married Clotilde Roure in 1936, and they had a daughter, Claire. Clotilde died in 1942. He married Elizabeth Mary England, an Australian, in Kensington, SW London, in 1953. References

1908 births
1995 deaths
People from Le Mans
French art historians
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
French Army officers
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
French architectural historians
Medieval historians
Sorbonne University
People associated with the Courtauld Institute of Art
Slade Professors of Fine Art (University of Cambridge)
Eton College
Institut Français
Yale University faculty
Australian National University faculty
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy

masks:
Jean Victor Edmond Paul Marie Bony
Henri Bony
Marie Normand Bony
Bony
Bony
Jean Bony
Bony


title: Ben Daniels

texts:
<mask> (born 10 June 1964) is an English actor. Initially a stage actor, <mask> was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor for Never the Sinner (1991), the Evening Standard Award for Best Actor for 900 Oneonta (1994), Best Actor in the M.E.N. Theatre Awards for Martin Yesterday (1998), and won the 2001 Olivier Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance in the Arthur Miller play All My Sons. In 2008, <mask> made his Broadway début in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses, for which he was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play. <mask> has also appeared on popular television series including Cutting It (2002–04), The Virgin Queen (2005), Law & Order: UK (2009–11), The Paradise (2013), House of Cards (2013–14), and The Exorcist (2016–17). On 1 April 2018 he appeared in the NBC live televised concert rendition of Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar as Pontius Pilate. <mask> played Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon in the third season of Netflix series The Crown.Currently, <mask> stars in the role of Walter Sampson in the Netflix superhero series, Jupiter's Legacy. Early life
<mask> was born on 10 June 1964 in Nuneaton, Warwickshire. His father was an engineer at Rolls-Royce and later a grocer, while his mother owned a children's clothes shop. He has recalled: "I was quite a shy child, but quite disruptive as well. I was very sneaky and underhanded." <mask> was educated at Manor Park School, a state comprehensive school in Nuneaton, near Coventry, in Warwickshire (since closed). According to <mask>, drama lessons at O-levels gave him a voice, and when he attended sixth form studies at Stratford College between 1980 and 1982, doing A-levels in theatre studies and English literature, he attended Royal Shakespeare Company performances.A fellow student recalled that <mask>, whom he knew as Dave, "was very serious about his work, and struck me as incredibly intelligent... you got the sense his mind was working; the cogs were ticking over". <mask> subsequently trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) for three years. Career
One of <mask>' earliest roles was as Justin Hayward, the lead singer of the Moody Blues, as a teenager in two of the band's music videos, "Your Wildest Dreams" (1986) and "I Know You're Out There Somewhere" (1988). In 1992, he made an appearance in the infamous plane crash episode "Cascade" of the television show Casualty, playing the co-pilot of the doomed plane. He has taken on parts in many British television dramas, such as Robin in The Lost Language of Cranes (1991), the Biblical character Jonathan in the 1997 Emmy-nominated TV film David, the philandering Finn Bevan in Cutting It (2002–2005), and Nicholas Brocklehurst in the BBC television miniseries The State Within (2006). The latter role was notable for an unexpected same-sex kiss between <mask>' character and another person. In 2008 he appeared in Lark Rise to Candleford, a BBC production based on three semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside written by Flora Thompson.<mask> has also played a number of real-life characters, such as German State Secretary Dr. Josef Bühler in Conspiracy, a 2001 dramatisation of the Wannsee Conference at which the Final Solution was endorsed. He also played the author and journalist Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond, in Ian Fleming: Bondmaker (2005), as well as Sir Francis Walsingham in The Virgin Queen (2005) and English writer Saki in Who Killed Mrs De Ropp? (2007). In addition, he has made guest appearances in a number of British TV drama series, including Soldier Soldier (1992), A Touch of Frost (1992), Outside Edge (1994), Spooks (2005), and Merlin (2011). In 2017, <mask> made a guest appearance in a Treehouse of Horror episode of The Simpsons as a priest. <mask> may be most recognisable to American audiences for appearing in the 1996 gay film Beautiful Thing. <mask> portrayed Tony, boyfriend of Sandra, the protagonist Jamie's mother.In an independent film directed by Lavinia Currier titled Passion in the Desert (1997), <mask> played a French soldier named Augustin Robert. The film was nominated for a Golden Seashell award. Other feature films that <mask> has starred in are The Bridge (1992), I Want You (1998), Madeline (1998), and Doom (2005). He was offered roles in the 2000 releases The Patriot and Vertical Limit, but turned them down and stated that "the money was good, but it wasn't for me". <mask> had a brief appearance as General Antoc Merrick in the Star Wars film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story. <mask> has said that he loves acting on stage because "it's tough and keeps you on your toes as an actor". He appeared in All's Well That Ends Well and As You Like It (1999–2000), and played Mercutio in a 1994 TV adaptation of Romeo and Juliet.Other theatre credits include Waiting for Godot (1994) and 900 Oneonta (1994), which earned him a nomination for Best Actor at the Evening Standard Awards. He also acted in Martin Yesterday (1998), for which he was nominated as Best Actor in the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards, Naked (1998), Tales From Hollywood (2001), Three Sisters (2003), Iphigenia at Aulis (2004), The God of Hell (2005), and The Wild Duck (2005–2006). In 2006, <mask> appeared in Thérèse Raquin as Laurent, for which a reviewer labelled his performance "riveting". On 1 April 2018, <mask> appeared as Pontius Pilate in the NBC live musical, Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert!. <mask> won the Best Supporting Actor award at the Whatsonstage.com Theatregoers' Choice Theatre Awards and the 25th Laurence Olivier Awards in 2001 for his performance in the Arthur Miller play All My Sons. He was first nominated for the latter award earlier in his career, in 1991, for his performance as murderer Richard Loeb in the play Never the Sinner at the Playhouse Theatre. In 2008, <mask> fulfilled a lifetime ambition when he made his Broadway début, headlining as the Vicomte de Valmont in a revival of Les Liaisons Dangereuses.The show opened on 1 May 2008. <mask> was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play for his role. <mask> played a reoccurring role in the Netflix series House of Cards (2013-2014) as prominent photographer Adam Galloway. He also played the role of lawyer Rory Murray in the second season of "Passenger List", a fictional podcast produced by Radiotopia

Personal life
<mask> has been in a relationship with actor Ian Gelder since 1993. They met during the production of Joe Orton's Entertaining Mr Sloane. The couple resides in South London <mask> was already sure of his orientation in his teens (He once remarked: "Out? I've never been in.")although he did not discuss the matter with his parents because they did not have a very close emotional relationship. He was "cautious about mentioning it when I left drama school, because AIDS was terrifying everyone and there was a huge homophobic backlash". He decided to reveal his homosexuality at the age of 24, while appearing in an all-star benefit performance of Martin Sherman's <mask>t. <mask> said in an interview in 2001: "Homophobia is still shockingly prevalent in film and TV. I know I've lost work because of being gay, and it is always an issue. Even on a serious BBC Two drama, there will be some suit in some office going, "Hmmm, isn't he a poof?" I don't consider myself politically gay, but whenever I catch a whiff of that now, I'm on it like a ton of bricks."In 2007, <mask> was ranked number 79 in the annual Pink List of 100 influential gay and lesbian people in Britain published by The Independent on Sunday, down from number 47 in 2006. In his spare time, he is an amateur painter and a practitioner of Ashtanga yoga. From a young age to his early forties, <mask> suffered from sleep paralysis. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

Notes

External links

 <mask> at bbc.co.uk Drama
 <mask> at the Royal National Theatre
 "<mask> on IRC, the logfile..." – transcript of an online chat with <mask> from the Official Dutch Beautiful Thing Fanclub

1964 births
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Actors from Warwickshire
Alumni of the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art
English gay actors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People from Nuneaton
Theatre World Award winners

masks:
Ben Daniels
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title: Aleksandr Alekseyevich Moiseyev

texts:
<mask> (; born 16 April 1962) is an officer of the Russian Navy. He currently holds the rank of admiral, and is commander in chief of the Northern Fleet. After initially training in film repair, <mask> underwent military service, before studying at the navy's technical institute. From there he joined the Northern Fleet as a submariner. After starting in the engineering branch, he moved into specialising in combat and warfare control. Commended for his service and promoted, he took command of his own boat, from which he performed the first commercial space launch in the navy's history, as well as the first commercial payload that had ever been sent into orbit from a submarine. He undertook further study at the Naval Academy and the Military Academy of the General Staff, interspersed with the command of submarine squadrons.He received plaudits for his supervisory roles, and was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2011. In 2018 he took command of the Black Sea Fleet, and oversaw a period of expansion within the fleet. He has also courted controversy with regards to relations with Ukraine following the Russian military intervention in Ukraine from 2014 onwards, and the Kerch Strait incident in November 2018. In May 2019 he was appointed commander of the Northern Fleet. Early career
<mask> was born on 16 April 1962 in the settlement of , in the Gvardeysky District of Kaliningrad Oblast, in the Soviet Union. He attended high school and a specialist film school in Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, and then worked as a technician in a film repair shop in the city of Berezniki, Perm Oblast. In 1981 he was called up for military service in the Ural Military District, and between 1982 and 1987 he studied at the  in Leningrad.He then joined the Northern Fleet, where he would spend the next 29 years, initially as an engineer on nuclear-powered submarines, and rising by the end to the post of commander of the fleet's submarine squadron. Submariner
From June 1987 he was part of the computer engineering division, and from September 1990, head of the electronic warfare division. In February 1992 he became senior assistant commander for combat aboard the K-117 Bryansk. From July to October 1994 he was senior assistant to the commander of the Project 667BDRM Delfin-class ballistic missile submarine K-18 Karelia. While serving in this post, he participated in a voyage to the North Pole, where the submarine surfaced and on Russia's Navy Day, raised the St. Andrew and Russian flags on the ice. For his part in this <mask> was awarded the Order of Courage. Between 1994 and 1995 he took the navy's Higher Special Officer Classes and later commanded the ballistic missile submarine K-407 Novomoskovsk.On 7 July 1998 the submarine launched two German commercial micro-satellites Tubsat-N and Tubsat-N1 using the Shtil' carrier rocket, while submerged in the Barents Sea. This was, according to Space Today Online, "the first time a commercial payload had ever been sent from Earth into orbit from a submarine and the first commercial space launch in the history of the Russian Navy". He entered the N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy in 2001, graduating with honours in 2003, and then served until 2007 as Chief of Staff of the  of the Northern Fleet, followed by commander of the division until 2009. In 2008 he was senior officer aboard the  during her transfer from the Northern Fleet to the Pacific Fleet, spending long periods submerged beneath the Arctic ice. For this feat he was awarded a second Order of Courage. He enrolled in the Military Academy of the General Staff in 2009, graduating in 2011 with first class honours and the distinction of a gold medal. On 14 February 2011 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.In the awards ceremony on 21 February, President of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev announced  "The Gold Star of the Hero of Russia is awarded to Alexander Alekseevich <mask>, commander of the strategic division of submarines of the Northern Fleet. During his combat patrols, under his leadership, tests of the newest weapons were successfully conducted and a whole series of rocket launches were carried out. As Supreme Commander, I watched these exercises. And, indeed, everything was done to a very high standard." Flag rank and the Black Sea

In June 2011 <mask> was appointed Deputy Commander of the Northern Fleet's submarine forces, and in April 2012 he became their commander. Promoted to rear admiral on 20 February 2013, he served as a deputy to the Council of Deputies of Alexandrovsk, Murmansk Oblast, and on 5 April 2016 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Northern Fleet. On 22 November 2017 he was appointed Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and on 14 May 2018 he became Acting Commander of the Black Sea Fleet, succeeding Admiral <mask>.He was confirmed in his post on 26 June 2018. He has been awarded the Order of Courage twice, as well as the Order of Military Merit and the Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", second class. The Black Sea Fleet is currently undergoing expansion, and in 2019 he announced that six new combat ships and six support vessels would enter service with the fleet that year. On 16 February 2019 <mask> was one of seven Russian personnel notified by investigators of Security Service of Ukraine of suspicion of "engaging in an aggressive war or aggressive military actions", relating to the Kerch Strait incident in November 2018. Colonel-General <mask>, Commander of the Southern Military District, was also one of those notified. By a presidential decree on 3 May 2019, <mask> was appointed commander of the Northern Fleet, succeeding Admiral Nikolai Yevmenov, who has been appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. <mask> was promoted to the rank of admiral on 10 December 2020.References

External links

1962 births
Living people
People from Gvardeysky District
Soviet Navy personnel
Russian admirals
Heroes of the Russian Federation
Recipients of the Order of Courage
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Russia)
Recipients of the Medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II class
N. G. Kuznetsov Naval Academy alumni
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia alumni

masks:
Aleksandr Alekseyevich Moiseyev
Moiseyev
Moiseyev
Moiseyev
Moiseyev
Moiseyev
Aleksandr Vitko
Moiseyev
Aleksandr Dvornikov
Moiseyev
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