title: Malcolm Brogdon

texts:
<mask> (born December 11, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers under Tony Bennett. As a senior in 2015–16, he was a consensus first-team All-American. He was also named the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Player of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year, becoming the first player in conference history to earn both honors in the same season. He was selected in the second round of the 2016 NBA draft by the Bucks with the 36th overall pick. He went on to win the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, becoming the first second-round pick in the NBA to win the award since 1965. In 2019, <mask> became the eighth player in NBA history to achieve a 50–40–90 season.College career

<mask>, a top 100 recruit, committed to Virginia over offers from Arkansas, Georgia, and Notre Dame. He redshirted his sophomore year after suffering a serious foot injury the prior season. He was known as one of the top contributors to the team's successful 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons. In the 2013–14 season, Brogdon averaged 12.7 points, 5.4 rebounds, and 2.7 assists per game. In 2014–15, he was named as a consensus second-team All-American, as well as the first-team All-ACC and ACC Co-Defensive Player of the Year. As a senior at Virginia in 2015–16, Brogdon was named to the 35-man midseason watchlist for the Naismith Trophy, and earned numerous prestigious awards, including ACC Player of the Year, ACC Defensive Player of the Year, first-team All-American, and a finalist for the Naismith Award. Brogdon graduated from Virginia with a bachelor's degree in history and a master's degree in public policy.His college jersey number, 15, was retired on February 20, 2017. Professional career

Milwaukee Bucks (2016–2019)

2016–17 season: Rookie of the Year
On June 23, 2016, Brogdon was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 36th overall pick in the 2016 NBA draft. On July 30, 2016, he signed with the Bucks. He made his NBA debut in the Bucks' season opener on October 26, 2016, recording eight points and five assists in 21 minutes in a 107–96 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. On November 1, 2016, he recorded 14 points and four steals in a 117–113 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. On December 23, 2016, he made all seven of his shots for 17 points to go with seven assists in 29 minutes in a 123–96 win over the Washington Wizards. On December 31, 2016, he recorded his first career triple-double with 15 points, 12 assists and 11 rebounds in a 116–96 win over the Chicago Bulls.On January 8, 2017, he scored a career-high 22 points in a 107–101 loss to the Washington Wizards. On January 23, 2017, he had his second game of the season with four steals in a 127–114 win over the Houston Rockets. Two days later, he was named in the U.S. Team for the 2017 Rising Stars Challenge. On March 29, 2017, he recorded 16 points and nine assists in a 103–100 win over the Boston Celtics. He had six key points and two assists in the final 2:46 to help Milwaukee fend off a late Boston rally. To conclude his rookie season, <mask> was named the 2016–17 NBA Rookie of the Year, along with being a unanimous selection to the NBA All-Rookie First Team.Brogdon joined Lew Alcindor (1969–70) as the only players in Bucks history to win Rookie of the Year, and became the first player drafted in the second round to win Rookie of the Year since 1965. Brogdon averaged both the fewest points per game and fewest minutes per game of any winner in the award's history. 2017–18 season
In the Bucks' season opener on October 18, 2017, <mask> scored 19 points in a 108–100 win over the Boston Celtics. On November 3, 2017, he had a season-high 10 assists to go with 21 points against the Detroit Pistons. Four days later, he scored a season-high 22 points against the Cleveland Cavaliers. On January 22, 2018, he scored a career-high 32 points in a 109–105 win over the Phoenix Suns. It was the first 30-point game for a Virginia basketball alum since Mike Scott in 2014 with the Atlanta Hawks.On February 2, 2018, he was ruled out for six to eight weeks after suffering a partially torn left quadriceps tendon the previous night against the Minnesota Timberwolves. On April 9, 2018, he returned to action following a 30-game absence. He scored two points and played 13 minutes, all in the first half, in the Bucks' 102–86 win over the Orlando Magic. 2018–19 season: 50–40–90 season
On November 28, 2018, Brogdon scored 24 points in 29 minutes on 6-for-6 three-point field goal shooting in a 116–113 win against the Chicago Bulls. On February 27, 2019, Brogdon scored 25 points, including 9-for-11 from the field, in a 141–140 overtime win over the Sacramento Kings. Brogdon enjoyed the best shooting year of his career, and one of the most efficient in NBA history: he became just the eighth NBA player ever to achieve a 50–40–90 season. However, on March 16, he was ruled out indefinitely with a plantar fascia tear in his right foot.He returned to action late in the second round of the playoffs. Indiana Pacers (2019–present)

2019–20 season
On June 29, 2019, the Bucks extended a qualifying offer to Brogdon in order to make him a restricted free agent. On July 6, 2019, Brogdon signed with the Indiana Pacers via a sign-and-trade with the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for future picks. Brogdon signed a contract with the Pacers for $85.0 million over four years (average of $21.25 million per year). New to starting at the point guard position, Brogdon studied tape of former NBA All-Star Isiah Thomas in the off-season. Brogdon had a double-double in each of his first four games in a Pacers uniform. After his first week with the Pacers, he led the NBA in assists and become the first NBA player in history to tally at least 20 points and 10 assists in both of his first two games with a new team.On October 26, 2019, Brogdon had 30 points (on 12-for-18 shooting) and 10 assists in a 110–99 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On June 24, 2020, <mask> announced that he tested positive for the COVID-19 virus. 2020–21 season
On January 2, 2021, <mask> scored 33 points with 7 assists in a 106–102 loss to the New York Knicks. On January 4, Brogdon put up 21 points, 11 assists, seven rebounds, three steals, and one block, alongside a game-winning layup, in a 118–116 overtime win over the New Orleans Pelicans. On January 6, <mask> scored a career-high 35 points, along with seven assists in a 114–107 win over the Houston Rockets. On January 25, <mask> improved his career-high to 36 points in the Pacers' 129–114 win against the Toronto Raptors. 2021–22 season
In his 3rd season with the Pacers, Brogdon was asked to be more of a leader on and off the court.<mask> delivered. In the first game of the season, he put up 28 points and dished out 11 assists. He continued this hot start with a 30 point outing in a 111–100 win over the Utah Jazz. National team career
<mask> represented the United States national team at the 2015 Pan American Games, where he won a bronze medal. Dr. Jann Adams, Brogdon's mother, is the former chair of Morehouse College's Psychology Department. She is now the associate dean of science and math. His mother and father divorced when he was 11.<mask>'s oldest brother Gino is a practicing attorney, while his other older brother John is in law school. <mask> is a distant cousin of actress and singer Queen Latifah. Community involvement
In 2018, Brogdon founded Hoops2O, a nonprofit aimed at addressing the clean-water crisis, particularly in Africa. As of May 2019, $274,200 had been raised for the cause. <mask> is a member of the "Starting Five", along with Joe Harris, Justin Anderson, Anthony Tolliver, and Garrett Temple, who initially made a goal to raise $225,000 through Hoops2O to fund five wells in East Africa by the end of the 2018–19 season. Brogdon traveled with Anderson and Harris to Tanzania to witness the opening of the first well they funded in July 2019, and by November Hoops2O had raised nearly $400,000. By February 2020, the charity had funded the construction of ten wells in Tanzania and Kenya, bringing water to over 52,000 citizens.References

External links

 Virginia Cavaliers bio

1992 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Atlanta
Indiana Pacers players
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Milwaukee Bucks draft picks
Milwaukee Bucks players
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Shooting guards
United States men's national basketball team players
Virginia Cavaliers men's basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Malcolm Moses Adams Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon
Brogdon


title: Maundy Gregory

type: original

texts:
<mask>, who later used the name <mask> (1 July 1877 – 28 September 1941) was a British theatre producer and political fixer who is best remembered for selling honours for Prime Minister David Lloyd George. He may also have been involved with the Zinoviev Letter, the disappearance of Victor Grayson, and the suspicious death of his platonic companion, Edith Rosse. <mask> said he was a spy for British intelligence. Early life
<mask> was born in Southampton, Hampshire, son of Rev. <mask>, vicar of St Michael's, Southampton, and Elizabeth Ursula, daughter of Rev. Mayow Wynell-Mayow, rector of Southam, Warwickshire, and head of a Cornwall landed gentry family. <mask> attended Banister Court school in Southampton.A classmate was Harold Davidson, the infamous rector of Stiffkey. He attended Oxford University as a non-collegiate student, but left in 1899, before graduation. <mask> became a teacher, and later worked as an actor and theatre producer. Much of the information about <mask> comes from his own papers and curriculum vitae, the truth of which is questionable. According to these sources, Vernon Kell, head of MI5, recruited <mask> in 1909, possibly because of <mask>'s connections from London's nightlife. At MI5, <mask> mainly compiled dossiers on suspected foreign spies living in London. Later, Sidney Reilly allegedly recruited <mask> for the recently formed MI6.<mask> referred to his alleged time at MI5 and MI6 when he asserted that he had raised funds for the fight against Bolshevism. Official records verify that <mask> served as a private in the Irish Guards, but do not verify his time at MI5 or MI6. <mask> claimed that at about the same time he claimed he was working for MI5 and MI6, he became acquainted with Basil Thomson. Thomson was the Assistant Commissioner of Scotland Yard's CID. The relationship between <mask> and Thomson lasted for several years. Selling honours
Around 1918, <mask> approached the Liberal Party to arrange payments to the party in exchange for peerages. He was actually one of many to do this.David Lloyd George hired him as a broker to gather funding for the United Constitutional Party Lloyd George was planning to form. At the time, prices for honours ranged from £10,000 (£310,000 today) for a knighthood to £40,000 (£1.24 million) for a baronetcy. Later estimates state that <mask> transferred £1–2 million (now £31–62 million) to the Liberal and Conservative parties. He earned around £3 million a year, which he used to buy the Whitechapel Gazette newspaper and considerable real estate, including the Ambassador Club in Soho and the Deepdene Hotel, Dorking, Surrey. Reportedly, <mask> gathered gossip about the sex lives of contemporary celebrities who stayed at the two properties. The Dorking hotel gained the reputation of being "the biggest brothel in southeast England", and it was also rumoured that people at the Ambassador Club sold stolen jewellery. Allegedly, <mask> used this information for blackmail.The Whitechapel Gazette included anti-Bolshevik articles by Basil Thomson writing as "Gellius". <mask> made many friends who were prominent members of British society, including the Duke of York, later King George VI, and the Earl of Birkenhead. He clashed, however, with the radical left-wing politician, and supporter of Lenin, Victor Grayson, who had reportedly discovered that <mask> was selling honours, but who waited to denounce him until he had gathered further proof. Grayson also suspected <mask> of having forged Roger Casement's notorious diaries, which were used to convict him of treason, although it later turned out that Casement had engaged in the homosexual activities described. Some believe that <mask> was involved in Grayson's disappearance in 1920, because Grayson was stated to have been last seen entering a house that belonged to <mask>. Grayson's biographer David G. Clark suggested in his 1985 book that the statement was false, and that Grayson's disappearance was due to an unrelated scandal involving Grayson's alleged bisexuality. Clark also thought it possible that Grayson survived into the 1950s under another name.There are also claims that <mask> was involved in the Zinoviev letter affair that influenced the defeat of the Labour Party in the 1924 General Election. In 1927, the ensuing Conservative government blocked <mask>'s honours-selling scheme. He began selling non-British honours, such as noble titles from Serbia and Ukraine, and papal honours and dispensations, such as the knighthood of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre. Among his victims was the Catholic father of actress Mia Farrow, to whom he had promised a marriage annulment. <mask> himself was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre and in 1930 a Commander of the Venerable Order of St John. According to published MI5 files, when Russian diplomat Ivan Korostovets tried to recruit <mask> to work against the Bolsheviks, <mask> used the Anglo-Ukrainian Fellowship as a front to continue his peerage sales and kept all the money for himself. <mask> also continued to sell British peerages to those who were unaware he could no longer provide them.Those who paid him had no legal recourse; they could neither report him to the authorities nor sue in civil court without themselves being prosecuted under the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925. In 1930, <mask> was sued for £30,000 by the estate of a baronet who had died before receiving a peerage purchased from him. He was forced to return the money. Edith Rosse
<mask> had been friends with actress Edith Marion Rosse for many years. He leased a house called Vanity Fair located on Thames Ditton Island to Rosse and her husband in 1920, and moved in with them the following year. After Rosse separated from her husband in 1923, she and <mask> continued to live under the same roof in a platonic relationship (<mask> was a homosexual). The couple later moved to Abbey Lodge in St John's Wood (it was later converted into recording studios, where the Beatles recorded much of their best work).In 1932, she turned down his request for a loan, but was persuaded to change her will only a few days before her death. He inherited £18,000. Some suspect Rosse did not die of natural causes, but rather was poisoned by <mask>. After <mask>'s fall in the "Honours" Scandal trial, Scotland Yard exhumed Rosse's body to look for postmortem evidence of poison. However, <mask> had seen to it that Rosse's grave was located in very wet ground and was unusually shallow with an unsealed coffin lid. It was later alleged that <mask> delayed Rosse's burial until he found a location that frequently flooded because he believed that this would prevent later recovery of evidence. Pathologist Sir Bernard Spilsbury suspected as much, but was unable to find any useful evidence or trace of poison.Rosse remains buried in All Saints' graveyard by the side of the River Thames at Bisham, Berkshire. Further troubles
In 1932, <mask> tried to sell Lieutenant Commander E. W. Billyard Leake a peerage for £12,000. Leake pretended to be interested, but informed the police and <mask> was arrested. <mask> could now threaten to name in court those who had bought peerages. Because he pleaded guilty (possibly persuaded to do so by embarrassed buyers), <mask> did not have to give evidence in court. He did, however, give interviews to the press trying to prove his innocence. In 1933, <mask> was convicted under the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 of selling honours.He was fined £50 and jailed for two months. As of 2020, he remains the only person to have been convicted under this act. The names of those who bought their peerages are still unknown. His case file was moved to the National Archives in 2002. <mask> declared bankruptcy in 1933. After he was released, he moved to Paris, France, where he lived under an assumed name made up of the third and fourth given names ('Peter' and 'Michael') he had adopted, on a £2,000 annual pension from sources close to the Conservative Party. British historian Andrew Cook claims that <mask> took his records with him.Frederick Rolfe

<mask> took an interest in the life of the author Frederick Rolfe (also known as Baron Corvo), and supported the author A. J. A. Symons in obtaining materials for his celebrated biography of Rolfe, The Quest for Corvo (published 1934). <mask> was able to use his connections to retrieve two lost works by Rolfe, the novel Don Renato, and Rolfe's translation of the poetry of Meleager. Symons gives a bemused description in his Quest of <mask>'s affluence and cultivated air of mystery, but notes blandly that "Since [<mask>] left England to live abroad eight months ago, my enquiries [to him] have remained unanswered." Later life

After the German occupation of France during the Second World War in 1940, he was captured and sent to a labour camp. Sources reporting <mask>'s death conflict. He reportedly died 28 September 1941, either at an internment camp or at the Hospital de Val-de-Grâce in Paris.Unlike most civilian Britons who died in enemy captivity, he is not listed among civilian deaths in France by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. References in popular fiction
In the 1993 novel Closed Circle by Robert Goddard, the main character, Guy Horton, meets <mask>. <mask> employs Horton to encourage wealthy businessmen to use his services to obtain peerages. Goddard writes that Horton "felt an immediate loathing for everything about him—the egg-shell charm, the wafts of cologne, the dandyish dress, the monocle, the rings, the voice; and especially the hungry fish-like eyes." See also
Cash for Honours

References

Sources
 Aldington, Richard - Frauds (London: William Heinemann Ltd, 1957), pp 158-184. Andrew Cook – Hawking Peerages (History Today November 2006)
 Douglas Brown and E.V.Tullett – The Scalpel of Scotland Yard: the Life of Sir Bernard Spilsbury (New York: E.P. Dutton and Co.Inc., 1952)
 Tom Cullen – <mask> <mask>: Purveyor of Honours (1974)
 Symons, A. J.A, int. Sir Norman Birkett and Sir Shane Leslie (1992). The Quest for Corvo: An Experiment in Biography. London: Folio Society. John Walker – The Queen Has Been Pleased: The British Honours System at Work (1986)

External links
 Spartacus Education about Maundy <mask>
 More on <mask> <mask>

1877 births
1941 deaths
LGBT people from England
People from Southampton
English Roman Catholics
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Commanders of the Order of St John

masks: Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory


title: Adam Seelig

texts:
<mask> (born 1975) is a Canadian and American poet, playwright, director, composer and Artistic Director of One Little Goat Theatre Company in Toronto. Theatre
Seelig founded One Little Goat Theatre Company in New York City and Toronto in the early 2000s. With the company, he has directed dramatic works by poet-playwrights Yehuda Amichai, Thomas Bernhard, Jon Fosse, Claude Gauvreau, Luigi Pirandello, as well as his own plays, which include reinterpretations of classic material. Seelig stages "poetic theatre." This involves "" (combining an actor's onstage persona with their offstage nature), the "prism/gap" (between actor and audience), and ambiguity. His direction "avoids naturalism." Writing
Beginning with the 2010 publication of Every Day in the Morning (slow), a work of "concrete lyric fiction," Seelig's writing combines aspects of the contemporary lyric with the appearance of concrete poetry.Written largely in the second person, Every Day in the Morning (slow) eschews punctuation, forming a single sentence that is at the same time a "continuous concrete-lyric-drop-poem novella." The plays Seelig has written since 2010 employ the same drop-poem technique through which "words often align vertically, configured spatially." The format has been described by critics as "a musical score," a "poetry trick," and "eye hockey." The concrete lyric, drop-poem format allows actors to "pace and emphasize the text" as they see fit. Music
For Ubu Mayor, "a play with music," Seelig wrote eight songs and played piano in the band for the production premiere. The play has been referred to as an "anti-musical." For [[One Little Goat Theatre Company#Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical|Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical]], Seelig wrote seven songs and played a Fender Rhodes electric piano in the band for the production premiere.The sheet music for both of these plays is included in their print and electronic publications. Music is foregrounded (rather than assigned to the background) in Seelig's productions. Music also plays a key role in Seelig's "drop-poem novella" Every Day in the Morning (slow), with particular emphasis on minimalist composers such as Steve Reich.David Olds, "Editor's Corner," Wholenote Magazine, Feb 2011. Essays
 "Beckett's Dying Remains: The Process of Playwriting in the 'Ohio Impromptu' Manuscripts." "The Anonlinear Aesthetic." "Transcending Hyperspecificity." "EMERGENSEE: GET HEAD OUT OF ASS: '' and Poetic Theatre."Contemporary Canadian poets Seelig has reviewed or interviewed include Gregory Betts, Sylvia Legris, Donato Mancini, Lisa Robertson, Jordan Scott and playwright-novelist Sean Dixon. Translation
From the Hebrew, Seelig has translated works by modern Israeli poets Yehuda Amichai, Dan Pagis and contemporary poets Navit Barel and Tehila Hakimi. With Harry Lane, he translated Someone is Going to Come by Norwegian playwright Jon Fosse.Harry Lane bio , Playwrights Canada Press. Education
As an undergraduate at Stanford University, Seelig studied English Literature with John Felstiner, Marjorie Perloff and Gilbert Sorrentino, and Theatre with Carl Weber, completing a BA in 1998 with a thesis on Samuel Beckett's original manuscripts in addition to writing and directing an early play entitled Inside the Whale (named after the essay by George Orwell). Seelig founded a "nebulous, unofficial organization" known as the "Silly Society of Stanford" and seems to represent the university's "stoners and poets" in a New Yorker article that recounts his inability to identify classmate and celebrated golfer Tiger Woods. Background
Seelig's early years in theatre include directorial apprenticeships at the Arts Club in Vancouver and the Tarragon Theatre in Toronto. An early poem was published in Saul Bellow and Keith Botsford's The Republic of Letters.Born in Vancouver,A. M. Segal, "Play about national security, civil rights raises questions," Canadian Jewish News, 8 Nov 2007, p.53. Seelig is the son of an Israeli father and American mother.<mask>, Professor at the School of Community and Regional Planning at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver Sun, July 18, 2014) and Julie Hurwitz, an Urban Planner for Vancouver (Queen's Quarterly, December 22, 1996.). Selected Plays and Publications Music Music Life Death Music: An Absurdical. Toronto: One Little Goat, 2018. (Play with music)
One Little Goat publication. print.e-book. Production details. Smyth/Williams: An All-Female Staging of the Police Transcript. Toronto, 2017. (Play adaptation)
Production details.PLAY: A (Mini) History of Theatre for Kids. Toronto, 2016. (Play for children)
Production details.Ubu Mayor: A Harmful Bit of Fun.Toronto: BookThug, 2014. (Play with music)
Google Books. BookThug publication. . Print and E-book. Production details.Parts to Whole. Toronto: BookThug, 2014. (Play)
WorldCat. BookThug publication. . Print and E-book.Production details.Like the First Time. Toronto: BookThug, 2011. (Play)
BookThug publication. E-book. Production details.Every Day in the Morning (slow). Vancouver: New Star Books, 2010. (Poetry/Fiction)
Google Books.New Star Books. . Print and E-book.Talking Masks (Oedipussy). Toronto: BookThug, 2009. (Play)
Google Books. BookThug publication. . Print. Production details.Antigone:Insurgency. (Play)
Script access through Doollee.com. Production details (2007).All Is Almost Still.(Play)
Production details (2004).H A N D S F A C E''. Toronto: Bathurst Street Press (George Murray, publisher), 2003. (Chapbook)
WorldCat. Print. References

External links
 <mask> at One Little Goat Theatre Company
 <mask> at Poetry Foundation
 <mask> at BookThug

Stanford University alumni
Canadian theatre directors
Writers from Toronto
Jewish poets
Jewish Canadian writers
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
1975 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian male writers

masks:
Adam Seelig
Michael Seelig
Adam Seelig
Adam Seelig
Adam Seelig


title: Paul Schuster Taylor

texts:
<mask> (June 9, 1895 in Sioux City, Iowa – March 13, 1984 in Berkeley) was a progressive agricultural economist. He was an undergraduate at the University of Wisconsin and earned his PhD at the University of California, Berkeley where he then became professor of economics from 1922, until his retirement in 1962. Early life
<mask> was born on June 9, 1895, in Sioux City, Iowa, to <mask> and <mask>. He attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison. <mask> majored in economics and law; "the caption under his photograph in his junior  yearbook was 'I can and I will." Military service
When the United States declared war in April, 1917, <mask> sought and received a commission as a 2nd lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. He took command of the 4th Platoon, 78th Company, 2nd Battalion 6th Marines in August 1917 in Quantico, Virginia.He deployed to France in January, 1918, and participated in the Battle of Chateau-Thierry and the Battle of Belleau Wood. He was severely gassed at Belleau Wood on June 14, 1918. After recuperating he served as an instructor at the First Corps Schools in Gondrecourt until returning home and mustering out in 1919. Early career
<mask>'s research career was launched by the progressive sociologist Edith Abbott. As head of a Social Science Research Council project, she was looking for someone to undertake a study of the rapidly increasing Mexican migration into the United States. <mask> took up this task. From 1927 to 1930 he spent a great deal of time on the road, driving through the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys in California, into Colorado and Texas, and as far east as Pennsylvania.He not only sought quantitative data on Mexican employment patterns but also learned Spanish and interviewed workers and employers. He documented what he encountered with photographs. He went on to spend six months in Mexico during 1931. "The Berkeley economics department responded to his unconventional work by denying him promotions and salary increases." His approach integrated the institutional economics advocated by his professor John Commons with cultural and ethnographic matters – for example collecting Mexican corridos (popular ballads). He published thirteen monographs on Mexicans and Mexican-Americans. In this period he was the "only" Anglo scholar paying attention to Mexican immigrants and Mexican Americans.<mask> was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1930, using it to further his studies in Mexico for 4 months in 1931 and 2 months in 1932. Work and marriage
<mask> married Katharine Page Whiteside on May 15, 1920, in Alameda, California. They had three children, Katharine, Ross, and Margaret. In 1934 <mask> saw the work of the documentary photographer Dorothea Lange and recruited her to his project. They both divorced their first spouses and on December 6, 1935 married one other, forming a living and working partnership that continued until Lange's death in 1965. They had no children together but were parents to Lange's two sons from her first marriage as well as <mask>'s three children. In 1935 they produced five reports on the conditions of migrant agricultural workers, and <mask> used their data to get state and federal relief funding for housing for farmworkers.Migrant farmers
In the course of their research <mask> and Lange encountered the "Dust Bowl" westward migration of ruined tenant farmers across the United States. Lange was hired as a photographer by the federal Farm Security Administration, and throughout the 1930s the two often traveled together; <mask> collecting quantitative and qualitative information as Lange made photographs. Together Lange and <mask> brought the poverty and exploitation of sharecroppers, tenant farmers and migrant farmworkers to the attention of the American public in their hope that the New Deal would be extended to benefit those who worked on farms. <mask> risked his colleagues' further disapproval by publishing, with Lange, a popular book of text and photographs on the Dust Bowl, "American Exodus," in 1939. The La Follette Committee
<mask>'s research formed a basis for the 1939 hearings conducted by the La Follette Committee of the U.S. Senate on civil liberties violations against farmworkers. This work antagonized powerful people at the University of California, Berkeley, where agribusiness was well represented among the university's regents and where university agricultural research provided direct support to the big growers (for example, creating hybrids, designing farm machinery, training in agricultural management). <mask>'s research, combined with the values of his Iowa upbringing, brought him to the conclusion that the power of the big growers in California agriculture was incompatible with democracy.Despite Robert La Follette's exposé of violence against farmworkers by sheriffs and deputies recruited by the Associated Farmers (the organization of big industrial farm owners), farmworker unionization struggles were not successful until the 1960s, when <mask>, then retired, supported the United Farm Workers. Later career
During World War II, <mask> was one of a tiny handful of prominent whites to protest the mass incarceration of Japanese-Americans. In 1943, <mask> became involved with protests against federal provision of vast quantities of water to agribusiness at the taxpayer's expense. After 1950, this became the major focus of his work. The federal Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, which provided funding for dams and canals to bring water to parched southwestern farms, had limited the amount of subsidized water for irrigation to  per person. But this restriction was systematically violated, so the reclamation programs constituted huge subsidies to the biggest growers and enabled them to squeeze out small farmers. In 1944, <mask> led opposition to the insertion of an exemption from the  limitation into the U.S. Senate bill authorizing the Central Valley Project to bring water into the San Joaquin Valley.For the rest of his life <mask> fought a losing battle against this policy. From 1952 to 1956 <mask> served as chair of his department; he then headed the university's Institute of International Studies until his retirement in 1964. Beginning in the late 1950s <mask> served as a consultant for the U.S. State Department and the Ford Foundation, investigating land tenure and advocating land reform in Vietnam, Egypt, Colombia, Korea, and Ecuador. He applied to the Third World the principles and knowledge he had developed from decades of work on U.S. agriculture and rural poverty. Always strongly anticommunist, <mask> argued for land reform and community development in the conviction that the concentration of vast landholdings in a few hands and the severe exploitation of farm labor made the development of democracy impossible and made communist popularity grow. Selected writings

 California Farm Labor, 1937

References

External links
 Guide to the <mask> <mask> Papers at The Bancroft Library
 Clark Kerr on <mask> S. <mask>

1895 births
1984 deaths
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I
United States Marines
20th-century American economists

masks:
Paul Schuster Taylor
Paul Schuster Taylor
Henry Taylor
Rose Eugenia Schuster
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Paul Schuster
Taylor
Paul
Taylor


title: Michael Korovkin

texts:
<mask> (born December 28, 1948 in Russia) is a , novelist and poet. He began as a neuro-physiologist in Russia and after emigrating in 1976 he went on to study anthropology in Canada, England and the Netherlands. His academic work focuses on medical anthropology and European and Mediterranean studies. His literary work covers a diverse range of socio-cultural milieus and psychological perspectives, extending cultured and incisive insights into the human condition. He has lived in Italy since 1989. Fields of research

<mask> specializes in political and economic anthropology, symbolic expression and social organisation, and medical anthropology of stress. His articles have been published in journals that include Epistemology and Philosophy of Science (2011),  European Journal of Sociology (1988),  Comparative Studies in Society and History (1988),  Language in Society (1987) and Current Anthropology (1986).Over the years, he has consulted on political and economic processes, power dynamics of social groupings and immigration policies for various government and private institutions, including the UN, both in Italy and Canada. Formation

In Russia <mask> studied biology and medicine at the Moscow State Pedagogical University and at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. He specialised in neuro-physiology and during his internship he worked at the Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute in the department directed by his uncle, Prof. Samuel M. Blinkov, co-author of the seminal work The Human Brain in Figures and Tables (S.M Blinkov, I.I Glezer 1964). After leaving Russia at the age of 27 he arrived to Canada where he studied cultural and social anthropology under Judith Nagata at York University. After winning a Doctoral Fellowship from Canada's Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), he spent a year at the London School of Economics (LSE) and went on to complete his studies the University of Amsterdam School for Social Science Research under Jeremy Boissevain. Theoretical approach

In his anthropological work <mask>’s treatment of the socio-cultural process can be seen as a concerted effort to “reconcile the irreconcilable” namely – structuralism and phenomenology.This leads him to a “fractal approach” or to what he calls the quantum mechanics of symbols” by analogy with Heisenberg’s principle of uncertainty where the more is known about the meaning of the symbol the less is known about its entity, and vice versa. Medical anthropology

In the field of medical anthropology Korovkin propones his particular cross disciplinary “parabiotic” approach (i.e. Cannon, Richter, et al.) to coping with stress primarily in terms of its socio-cultural and physiological dynamics; teaching individuals and groups to develop analytical strategies of resilience and thus deal with stress competently rather than attempt to eliminate it (www.stressalternative.org). He is co-author with P. Stephenson of Zombie Factory: Culture, Stress & Sudden Death  (2010). His treatment of stress falls within the canons of neuroanthropology: the anthropological aspect concerns primarily the role values play in the perception of stressors and somatisation of stress. The neuro-physiological treatment of the issue emphasises the patterns of stress rather than its intensity as a measurable physiological symptom.Academic career

<mask> has taught social and medical anthropology in Canada at  McMaster University, the University of British Columbia and the University of Victoria. At the end of the 1980s he settled in Italy where he taught at the University of Bari, University of Perugia, Tuscia University, and Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA) in Rome. He was Professor of Sociology and Communication Studies at ESE - European School of Economics, where he served as Academic Director from 2001-2004 at the Rome and Naples campuses. Currently he is Professor of Social Sciences at USAC - (University Studies Abroad Consortium). Literary work

In 1991, the late Indro Montanelli, Editor-in-Chief of the leading Italian national daily Il Giornale, offered <mask> a column on the newspaper’s cultural page Terza pagina. Montanelli was seeking to divulge a view on Russian political culture that would provoke a dialectical challenge to the “radical-chic” notions dominant among European intellectual elites.With this in mind, he approached <mask> with a plan to publish a pseudo Samizdat, which <mask> agreed to write. Montanelli sent him to Russia as a special envoy in order to gather ethnographical material for the job at hand. For both <mask> and Montanelli this “editorial operation” was not merely a gratuitous literary scherzo: it fronted a well considered notion that they shared, but could hardly expect to present personally, both due to their known ideological stands (“elegant right” Montanelli and “elegant left” Korovkin) and their geographically vicarious position. The idea sustaining the novel is that Russia is a culturally feudal and idiosyncratically monarchic society, loving to hate their strong czars and falling apart under the weak ones; where the "tyrant" is a necessary product, simulacrum and even an “existential victim” of his own subject-people. The novel’s original title in English is Voice from the Orphanage: Memories of the Man Between Seasons. It is a sui generis rejoinder to what has been regarded as one of the first ever samizdat: A Voice from the Chorus (1976) by Abram Tertz  (Andrei Sinyavsky). <mask>’s reverts Tertz’ thesis by presenting Russians as Stalin’s post-Perestroika perestroika orphans as opposed to repressed mass victims (chorus) of the Soviet regime.He correctly predicts what he saw would be the inevitable return of a strong authoritarian ruler. Montanelli personally wrote the introduction thus giving the work an imprimatur of “authenticity”; it was serialised in Il Giornale, and became the object of widespread interest and debate. Upon publication by Sperling & Kupfer the work, titled Orfani di Madre-Russia; Memorie di un Cinico (1992) written under the pseudonym Vadim Dubrovski, became a national bestseller. Following the success of “Orphans,<mask> was approached by the Italian publishing house Mondadori with a request to write another samizdat; this time the memories of a Moscow courtesan. <mask> accepted the challenge, seeing the offer as an opportunity to write what he called “the first-ever feminist novel written by a man”. The novel, titled Dancing with Fat Cats: Memories of a Moscow Call Girl, was written in English under the pseudonym Lena Volgina. It was translated into Italian by the writer Stefania Pergola and published by Mondadori as Memorie di una maîtresse moscovita (1994).Later, it was to be published under the original title in Russian translation by Aletheia (St Petersburg, 2004), and then re-published in Moscow by AST Publishers as Diary of a Moscow Courtesan (2005). It came out to wide critical acclaim, but apart from Katerina Nistratova, critics treated it as anti-Soviet, while <mask> himself intended it as primarily “anti-men”, with a Russian setting. The novel also provoked lively discussion on the Italian literary scene with Italian journalists eager to interview the mysterious maîtresse. Notwithstanding the prestigious backing and successful initial promotion, the publication of the <mask>’s writings in Italy in the early 1990s proved untimely. This was the period when the nation underwent the clamorous fall of the First Republic as government corruption surfaced through the institutionalised graft scandal known as  ("Bribesville"). Thus, in the wake of the nation’s moral upheaval further promotion of the “forged” novels was judiciously halted. Subsequently, however, he published other three novels in Russia under his own name: Once a Good Man and Short Stories (2001), Terms of Estrangement: Diaries of A Paratrooper (2002) and Excursion: Adventures of Modigliani the Ghost (2005).Critique

<mask> is described as “a brilliant and ferocious poet whose furious, defiant but consistently classical and supremely elegant poetry, controlled and yet fluid, draws, without ever becoming heavy, on a very rich and varied cultural patrimony” (Franca Rovigatti, Roma Poesia 1998). His last book of poetry to-date is Fields of Vision: Selected Poems and The Soldier’s Tale (2014). It consists of 14 poems whose programmatic direction is best attested to by the title of the first piece of the volume: Looking for Faith. A large section of the book is occupied by The Soldier’s Tale: a completely new rendering of the fable used by Stravinsky for the homonymous suite and inspired by the latter. It bears the subtitle A Narcissus Variation — narcissism in contemporary society is a topic that <mask> repeatedly turns to both in his poetry and prose. In his poetic work, <mask> often collaborates with American composer Jakov Jakoulov. He also intensively collaborates with Stephanie Morin.Currently they are working together on preparing for the publication of Morin’s research for a book titled Gold Fish in a Blender: An Essay on Approaches to Communicating Contemporary Visual Art. Picnic Area*
Unveiling strong secrets beyond the surfaces
Of a picnic area in the near-by woods
Enchanted by their own suburban plainness
All sins are swept under the carpet of autumn leafage

Hamburgers grill on the torturer’s grate
French fries sizzle in heretic oil
The sun shines on worn wooden benches
Where innocence no longer sits. * © <mask>kin
Written expressly for Jakov Jakoulov’s “Sentient Webs”
(Stephanie Morin Sonata) for organ and cello. First performed: Boston 2010
Published: University of Tuscia Press, Italy, 2012

Academic books

1992: Patterns of Re-Engagement: Protestant Conversions in a Southern Italian Community (a monograph). Astrolabio-Ubaldini Editore, Rome. 1995: Reflections on Russian Proverbs: Translation, Understanding and the Principle of Uncertainty. Red Hill Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles.2010: Zombie Factory: Culture, Stress & Sudden Death. with P. Stephenson, Green Frigate Press, Canada. Novels

 1992: Dubrovski, Vadim. Orfani di Madre Russia: Diario di un Cinico, "Sperling & Kupfer", Milan. 1994: Volgina, Lena. Memorie di una maîtresse moscovita, Mondadori, Milan. 2001: Once a Good Man, Publishing House Hyperion, St. Petersburg.2002: Terms of Estrangement: Diaries of a Paratrooper,  Aletheia, St. Petersburg. 2003: Dancing With Fat Cats, Aletheia, St. Petersburg. 2005: Vospominania Moskovskoj Kurtizanki, AST, St. Petersburg. 2005: Excursion: Adventures of Modigliani the Ghost, Aletheia, St. Petersburg. Poetry

 1994: Caught On the Line (Illustrated by S. Morin), Union Printing Publishers, Viterbo. 1996: Breviario (Illustrated by L Boille, T.Cascella, S. Morin), Juliet, Triest. 2012: All in One At Once (Four Paintings by S. Morin, compositions for pianoforte Jakov Jakoulov), University of Tuscia Press, Viterbo
 2014: Fields of Vision; Selected Poems and The Soldier’s Tale Suite (Illustrated by S. Morin), Aletheia, St. Petersbrurg.References

1948 births
Living people
Russian anthropologists
Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta faculty

masks:
Michael Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
” Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Korovkin
Michael Korov


title: Paul O. Zelinsky

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1953) is an American illustrator and writer best known for illustrating children's picture books. He won the 1998 Caldecott Medal for U.S. picture book illustration, for Rapunzel. His most popular work is Wheels On the Bus, a best-selling movable book. Zelinsky had been runner-up for the Caldecott Medal in 1985, 1987, and 1995, the latter for Swamp Angel by Anne Isaacs (Dutton, 1994). Twenty years later, they were joint runners-up for the Phoenix Picture Book Award from the Children's Literature Association, which annually recognizes the best picture book that did not win a major award 20 years earlier. "Books are considered not only for the quality of their illustrations, but for the way pictures and text work together." Biography

Early life

<mask><mask> was born in Evanston, Illinois, and grew up in Wilmette.As a child he spent much of his time drawing. With his friends, he would make up imaginary worlds, and draw them. When he was only four, he submitted work to Highlights magazine, and this is when his artwork was first showcased. Influential early childhood books included The Color Kittens, and The Tawny Scrawny Lion. About his memories of childhood reading, Zelinsky has said: "Feelings come to me as a sort of flavor. I know that when I call up my earliest memories, what I remember seeing and hearing is accompanied by a flavor-like sense of what it felt like to be there and see that." (This phenomenon is known as synesthesia.)In later childhood, his favorite authors were William Pène du Bois, and Robert Lawson. He especially loved the books The Twenty-One Balloons, by du Bois, and The Fabulous Flight by Lawson. Career

At New Trier High School, Zelinsky was interested in natural history as well as architecture and saw himself following one of those paths for a career. However, he went to study at Yale. He took a class taught by Maurice Sendak on the history and art of children's books, and it inspired him to a career in the area. Zelinsky went to graduate school at the Tyler School of Art in Philadelphia and Rome. The Renaissance and Italian art always fascinated him, and this time in his life influenced this love as well.His career in children's books began in 1978 with the illustrations for Avi's Emily Upham's Revenge. Since then, he has continued to illustrate others' work, as well as creating his own books. He won the 1998 Caldecott Medal for his illustrated retelling of Rapunzel, and three Caldecott Honors (for Hansel and Gretel (1985), Rumpelstiltskin (1987), and Swamp Angel (1995)). His most popular book is Wheels On the Bus, which has sold millions. Artistic style

Zelinsky does not have a recognizable style, suiting his artwork and techniques to the particular nature of the book to be illustrated. According to Linnea Lannon in a Detroit Free Press profile of the artist, "what has raised Zelinsky into the first rank of children's book illustrators is not just the pictures but the way they integrate with text." Zelinsky says, "I want the pictures to speak in the same voice as the words.This desire has led me to try various kinds of drawings in different books. I have used quite a wide stretch of styles, and I'm fortunate to have been asked to illustrate such a range of stories." Wheels On the Bus and Knick-Knack Paddywhack! are engineered books with moving parts. <mask> is not a paper engineer himself, Rodger Smith engineered Wheels On the Bus and Andrew Baron Knick-Knack Paddywhack!. Books

As writer and illustrator
 The Maid and the Mouse and the Odd-Shaped House: A Story in Rhyme (1981) – adapted from a school exercise
 The Lion and the Stoat (Greenwillow Books, 1984) – based in part on natural history by Pliny the Elder
 Rumpelstiltskin, retold (1986) – Brothers Grimm
 Wheels On the Bus, paper engineer Rodger Smith (Dutton, 1990) – adapted from the children's folk song ; "A Book with Parts that Move" — Cover
 Rapunzel, retold (1997) – from the Brothers Grimm (1812)
 Knick-Knack Paddywhack!, paper engineer Andrew Baron (Dutton, 2002) – adapted from the nursery rhyme "This Old Man"; "A Moving Parts Book Adapted from the Counting Song" — Cover

As illustrator
 Emily Upham's Revenge, or How Deadwood Dick Saved the Banker's Niece: A Massachusetts Adventure, written by Avi (Pantheon Books, 1978)
 How I Hunted the Little Fellows, Boris Zhitkov, transl. from Russian by Djemma Bider (Dodd, Mead, 1979)
 The History of Helpless Harry, to Which is Added a Variety of Amusing and Entertaining Adventures, Avi (1980)
 What Amanda Saw, Naomi Lazard (1981)
 Three Romances: Love Stories from Camelot Retold, Winifred Rosen (1981)
 Ralph S. Mouse, Beverly Cleary (1982)
 The Sun's Asleep Behind the Hill, Mirra Ginsburg (1982) – adapted from an Armenian song
 The Song in the Walnut Grove, David Kherdian (1982)
 Dear Mr. Henshaw, Beverly Cleary (1983)
 Zoo Doings: Animal Poems, Jack Prelutsky (1983)
 Hansel and Gretel, retold by Rika Lesser (1984)
 The Story of Mrs. Lovewright and Her Purrless Cat, Lore Segal (1985)
 The Random House Book of Humor for Children, selected by Pamela Pollack (1988)
 The Big Book for Peace, Myra Cohn Livingston (1990)
 Strider, Beverly Cleary (1991)
 The Enchanted Castle, E. Nesbit (1992; orig.1907)
 More Rootabagas, posthumous collection by Carl Sandburg, ed. George Hendrick (1993)
 Swamp Angel, Anne Isaacs (Dutton Children's Books, 1994)
 Five Children and It, E. Nesbit (1999; orig. 1902)
 Awful Ogre's Awful Day, Jack Prelutsky (2000) – poems
 Doodler Doodling, Rita Golden Gelman (2004)
 Toys Go Out series, children's novels by Emily Jenkins, published by Schwartz & Wade
 Toys Go Out: Being the Adventures of a Knowledgeable Stingray, a Toughy Little Buffalo, and Someone called Plastic (2006)
 Toy Dance Party: Being the Further Adventures of a Bossyboots Stingray, a Courageous Buffalo, and a Hopeful Round Someone called Plastic (2008)
 Toys Come Home: Being the Early Experiences of an Intelligent Stingray, a Brave Buffalo, and a Brand-New Someone called Plastic (2011)
  Toys Meet Snow: Being the Wintertime Adventures of a Curious Stuffed Buffalo, a Sensitive Plush Stingray, and a Book-Loving Rubber Ball (forthcoming 2015)
 The Shivers in the Fridge, Fran Manushkin (2006)
 Awful Ogre Running Wild, Jack Prelutsky (2008) – poems
 Dust Devil, Anne Isaacs (Random House/Schwartz & Wade, 2010) – sequel to Swamp Angel
  Z is for Moose, Kelly Bingham (2012)
  Earwig and the Witch, Diana Wynne Jones (2012)
  Circle, Square, Moose, Kelly Bingham (forthcoming 2014) – sequel to Z is for Moose

References

Further reading
 Llanas, Sheila Griffin (2012). <mask>. Zelinsky, Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub. Co., , 24 pp., illustrated. External links

 Biographical sketch from The Scoop
 Essay on Zelinsky and his work
 Exhibition notes: Angels to Ogres

1953 births
American children's book illustrators
American children's writers
Caldecott Medal winners
20th-century illustrators of fairy tales
21st-century illustrators of fairy tales
Living people

masks:
Paul O
. Zelinsky
Paul O
. Zelinsky
Zelinsky
Paul O


title: Park Young-geun

texts:
<mask>eun (1958~2006) was a South Korean poet. He was in the front lines of many labor and democratization movements, and he portrays the lives and emotions of these protestors using vivid language in his writing. <mask> is well-known as the original author of the widely popular protest song from the 1990s, "Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree" (솔아 푸르른 솔아). Life

Pre-debut
<mask> was born in 1958, in Buan County, North Jeolla Province. Because of his parent’s enthusiasm for education, <mask> spent years away from his hometown, graduating from Iksan Middle School and Jeonju Highschool. As a high school student, he was an avid reader of Changbi Magazine, Sasanggye Magazine, and explored the works of Go Un, Hwang Seok-young, Kim Ji Ha and many others. His statements at school on the October Restoration and the  made him a person put under surveillance by his school.Deciding that the repressive school life would no longer be necessary, <mask> eventually withdrew himself from high school. The next year, he joined the high school literary circle and published a passionate poem in the style of Soviet Revolutionary poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. He subsequently faced hardships as he had his home searched and was taken into custody at the police station for 20 days. After this, he went to Seoul to participate in the labor movements and Christian Young Adult movements while continuing to write poems. He officially made his debut as a poet with the publication of poems such as "Suyurieso" (수유리에서 In Suyuri)

After his debut
In 1982, while working at a book-binding factory in the Guro Industrial Complex, <mask> actively engaged with activists in labor movements, student movements, culture movements of the masses, and Christian democracy movements. He participated as one of the leaders for various cultural activities and meetings, and founded the Folk Song Research Association (민요연구회) along with Shin Kyeong-nim, Im Jintaek, Jeong Huiseong, Gim Jeonghwan, and others. In 1984, he published a poetry collection, Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (취업공고판 앞에서 In Front of the Job Search Board) and a prose collection, Gongjangoksange olla (공장옥상에 올라 Up on the Factory Rooftop).Afterwards, he relocated to Bupyeong, Incheon until the 1990s living as a laborer and activist, while trying to faithfully reflect the realities of life as a worker in his writings. Furthermore, he participated in producing a video about Bak Jongcheol and worked at various publishing companies as a committee planning member or as an editor for literary magazines. In 1987, <mask>’s poem "Baekje #6 Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree" - from the collection Chwieopgonggopan apeseo was adapted by An Chi-hwan for the song "Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree". "Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree" became a favorite song on college campuses and at labor strikes. <mask> won the Shin Dongyup Prize in 1994 and the Baeksok Literature Award in 2003. He died of a long-term illness in 2006. The Park Young-geun Award was established in 2015, and his entire collected work was published in 2016 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death.Writing

Poetry collection from the 1980s
A major theme in <mask>’s works up until the second half of the 1980s is the everyday life and struggles of the worker. These works are based on <mask>’s own experiences as a worker and the activist. That is, in the 1980s labor was the basic condition for <mask> to write his poetry. However, as the times changed, <mask>’s poems also changed. Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (1984) discusses the unstable lives for Korean workers in the 70s and 80s. However, from the words of a poetic narrator, it is difficult to find solidarity or the worker’s fighting spirit. For example, the narrator in the title poem "In Front of the Job Search Board" has been recently discharged from the army and stands face to face with the job search board grasping onto his resume in his hopeless situation.Therefore, the poetic narrator’s interests cannot realistically describe the worker’s reality or suggest any sort of prospect of freedom to the workers. Rather, the prominent idea in this collection is people’s existential sadness as they are unable to claim their own space and must wander among the periphery of the city, while holding onto the longing and pity for family in their hometown. This aspect of <mask>’s poems can be seen as a result of the poet’s own past, as he was made to leave his hometown and make his own living in another city. Daeyeol (대열 Workers Queue)(1987) in comparison, discusses the worker becoming clearly aware of their own class identity, and foregrounds the conflict between worker unity and the fight against capitalism. The poet’s struggle is finding effective methods while experimenting with various poetic forms. This includes adding poetic verses to a prose poem, or copying a whole wall of graffiti from factories onto the page, for example. What the poet wants most importantly out of these experiments is to establish a junction between poetry and reality.The opening lines from Pojang senteo (포장 센터 Packing Station), "The break bell rang and as I went to the bathroom I glanced at the shipping area lounge, and I stared at those dirty truck drivers and loading dock workers start to gamble", this passage reflects how the poet clearly understands the realities of the workers and their struggles. Through works such as "Nongseongjangui bam" (농성장의 밤 Strike Site Night), "Jabonga" (자본가 The Capitalist), "Amerika" (아메리카 America), "Ssaum jeonya" (싸움 전야 The Eve of the Fight), and others, <mask>, from the title alone, is able to capture the subject matter and themes of labor struggle. <mask> is able to present almost every aspect of 1980s labor reality in his vivid writing. Poetry collection from the 1990s
In Gimmisunjeon (김미순전 The life of Gim Misun)(1993), the poetic narrator appears as an individual, rather than as a member of a community who voices solidarity to fellow workers. The optimism toward the worker’s struggles and will are pushed to the background, while fading memories of the struggles in the past are presented with painful emotion. These changes reflect the rapid decline and stagnation of Korea’s labor movements in the 1990s. <mask>’s last poetry collection published during his lifetime was Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada (저 꽃이 불편하다That Flower is Uncomfortable) (2002); <mask> gazes upon the path that he has walked."Gil" (길 Road) describes the road he has taken until this point, describing it as desolate winter scenery. Although, the poet arrives at home at the end of his difficult journey, he is unable to find any vestige of those that he tenderly remembers. Ultimately, the poet finds himself wandering endlessly without a home. The self-awareness of the poet that he is standing on the road, in spite of all that, enables him to endure the weight of life’s futility and maintain the tension of existence in reality. Works

Anthology
 <솔아 푸른 솔아>, 강 , 2009. / Sora pureun sora (Pine Tree, Green Pine Tree), Gang, 2009
 <박영근 전집> 1·2 ,실천문학사,  2016. / Bagyeonggeun jeonjip (Park Young-geun Collection), Silcheonmunhaksa, 2016

Collected works
 <취업공고판 앞에서>,  청사, 1984 / Chwieopgonggopan apeseo (In Front of the Job Search Board), Cheongsa, 1984
 <대열>, 풀빛 , 1987./ Daeyeol (Workers Queue), Pulbit, 1987
 <김미순전(傳)>,  실천문학사 , 1993. / Gimmisunjeon (The life of Gim Misun), Silcheonmunhaksa, 1993
 < 지금도 그 별은 눈뜨는가> 창비, 1997. / Jigeumdo geu byeoreun nuntteuneunga (Does the Star Open its Eyes Still), Changbi, 1997. <저 꽃이 불편하다>, 창비,2002. / Jeo kkochi bulpyeonhada (That Flower is Uncomfortable), Changbi, 2002
 <별자리에 누워 흘러가다>, 창비, 2007. / Byeoljarie nuwo heulleogada (Floating on Constellations), Changbi, 2007

Prose collections
 <공장 옥상에 올라>,  풀빛 , 1984. / Gongjangoksange olla (Up on the Factory Rooftop), Pulbit, 1984

Essays
 <오늘, 나는 시의 숲길을 걷는다>, 실천문학사 ,  2004./ Oneul, naneun siui supgireul geonneunda (Today, I Walk through the Path in the Poetry Forest), Silcheonmunhaksa, 2004

Works in translation

Awards
 Shin Dongyup Prize (1994)
 Baeksok Literature Award (2003)

References

1958 births
2006 deaths
20th-century Korean poets
Korean male poets
People from North Jeolla Province

masks:
Park Young g
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park


title: James MacLaine

texts:
"Captain" <mask> (occasionally "Maclean", "MacLean", or "Maclane") (1724 – 3 October 1750) was an Irish man of a respectable presbyterian family who had a brief but notorious career as a mounted highwayman in London with his accomplice William Plunkett. He was known as "The Gentleman Highwayman" as a result of his courteous behaviour during his robberies, and obtained a certain kind of celebrity. Notoriously, he held up and robbed Horace Walpole at gunpoint: eventually he was hanged at Tyburn. The film Plunkett & Macleane was based loosely on his exploits. Young life
Maclaine was the younger of two sons of a Scots-Irish presbyterian minister, the Revd. Thomas (?or Lauchlin) Maclaine of 1st Monaghan Presbyterian Church in Ireland. His mother, Elizabeth (née Milling) died when he was five or six years old, and his father when he was sixteen or seventeen.He came of a family of many ministers, his grandfather (a Gaelic-speaking clergyman in the Church of Scotland) having received a calling to Ireland from Argyllshire in 1698. His elder brother Archibald Maclaine (1722-1804) was educated in Glasgow and followed his own vocation as presbyterian minister, scholar and royal preceptor in the Netherlands between 1746 and 1796, famous as the first translator (1765) of Johann Lorenz von Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History (of 1726). Educated to become a merchant, <mask>e frittered away his inheritance in Dublin on fine clothes, gambling and prostitutes. Such inheritance as <mask> received had mostly been dissipated by the time he was 20, and his mother's relations soon quarreled with him and refused to give him any assistance. He attached himself to the domestic service of a Mr Howard in order to travel to England, and stayed with him for a while, but got into low company and, leaving without testimonials, returned to Ireland. His mother's kin still refusing to help, his brother sent him subsidies and letters of good advice from The Hague: these proving insufficient, he considered joining the Irish Brigade in the French army, but was told that he would make little progress with them unless he became a Roman Catholic, which he was unwilling to do. He next persuaded his old master, Colonel T-----n, to take him to England as a domestic servant, planning to acquire his fortune through an advantageous marriage.He borrowed money from the Colonel to purchase a commission, but that went the same way, and he considered enlisting in Lord Albemarle's horse troops. He disgraced himself by having an affair with an officer's wife. His friends in London raised a small subscription to enable him to ship for Jamaica, but he took the money to the Masquerades (i.e. the public gardens) and squandered it at the gaming tables. At length he found himself a wife, the daughter of an innkeeper or horse-dealer in Oxford Road, London, whom he married in about 1746. With the dowry of five hundred pounds Maclaine set himself up as a grocer in Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square. This was no great success, however, as he did not apply himself very much, though his neighbours could not afterwards point to any real misdemeanour in his behaviour at that time.Two daughters were born to them, one of whom survived, but his wife died within three years. His mother-in-law, who had a good opinion of Maclaine, took charge of the surviving daughter. It was during his wife's illness that he met William Plunkett, an apothecary, who attended her. His business failing, owing (by his own account) to "an unavoidable trust reposed in servants", he sold off his stock and with whatever remained he turned his mind again to a military career. However, in passing himself off as a young gentleman in search of another wealthy wife, he had neither the funds nor the habitude necessary to rise above the accompanying inducements to profligacy. Plunkett is said to have acted the part of gentleman's assistant as Maclaine, immaculately presented, paid court to a young lady worth more than £10,000 a year; but on one occasion when they had followed her to a spa, Maclaine had an argument with an apothecary in the public rooms. This person employed a military man to kick Maclaine down the stairs, while stating publicly that he knew Maclaine had been a footman only a few years previously.Plunkett and Maclaine were obliged to make a hasty and informal departure. Highwayman

By his own account, Maclaine embarked on his career of crime about six months after his wife's death. At his interrogation he was encouraged to lay evidence against his accomplices, and at his trial he sought to lay a good deal of the blame for his course of life upon Plunkett (who was never caught or tried), so his narrative may not be entirely accurate. He claimed that Plunkett, a fellow-Irishman, had led him to believe he had travelled abroad, and persuaded Maclaine to employ him in his household and to lend him £100, part of which was paid back sporadically. Maclaine explained his melancholy to Plunkett as his money was running out, and Plunkett replied,"Honey, I thought, Maclean, thou hadst Spirit and Resolution, with some Knowledge of the World. A brave Man cannot want; he has a Right to live, and need not want the Conveniencies of Life, while the dull, plodding, busy Knaves carry Cash in their Pockets. We must draw upon them to supply our Wants, there need only Impudence, and getting the better of a few silly Scruples; there is scarce Courage necessary, all we have to deal with are such mere Poltroons."Accordingly, Plunkett and Mclaine joined together and went on the road as highwaymen, agreeing to share the spoils equally. They wore Venetian masks to cover their faces. Their first enterprize was on Hounslow Heath, where they held up a grazier coming away from Smithfield Market, and relieved him of £60. This was so successful that they decided to continue, and their next action was to hold up a coach on the road coming into London from St Albans. They approached on horseback from either side with pistols drawn. Maclaine said he was so nervous that it was left to Plunkett to call out the demands. Plunkett began to upbraid him for his lack of courage, and Maclaine cried out "He needs must whom the devil drives.I am over shoes and must over boots." Afterwards, to prove himself, Maclaine alone held up a gentleman on horseback in Hyde Park and relieved him of his money and his watch. They committed around 20 highway robberies in six months, often in the then-relatively untamed Hyde Park: their victims included Sir Thomas Robinson of Vienna, and Mrs Talbot. Maclaine was only once in fear of being discovered. To allay suspicion he stayed awhile with his brother in Holland, giving him a false account of his means of living, and was introduced to polite dancing assemblies, where various purses and watches went missing. In November 1749 occurred their most famous exploit, when, in Hyde Park between 9 and 10 o'clock at night, they held up the writer and antiquary Horace Walpole. One pointed a blunderbuss at the coachman, while the other put his pistol through the window of the carriage.Walpole wrote,"One night, in the beginning of November, 1749, as I was returning from Holland House by moonlight, about ten o'clock, I was attacked by two highwaymen in Hyde Park, and the pistol of one of them going off accidentally, raised the skin under my eye, left some marks of shot in my face, and stunned me. The ball went through the top of the chariot, and if I had sat an inch nearer to the left side, must have gone through my head. "'Letters nos. 310-314, to Sir Horace Mann', in P. Cunningham (ed. ), The Letters of Horace Walpole, Fourth Earl of Orford, 9 Vols (John Grant, Edinburgh 1906), II, pp. 218-230, passim (Internet Archive). They took his watch and purse, his sword, and some money from the footman.Soon afterwards, Maclaine sent Walpole a letter (as from "A.B. and C.D.") offering him first refusal to buy back his stolen possessions, indicating that he should send a servant with the money to a rendezvous at Tyburn, and threatening fatal consequences to Walpole if he betrayed them. He suggested he sent the footman, as he wanted to give the man his money back. The thieves were often restrained and courteous, earning Maclaine the sobriquet "The Gentleman Highwayman". Living in St James's Street (next door to White's), he was now passing himself off as an Irish gentleman worth £700 a year, and he and Plunkett (who had lodgings in Jermyn Street) were said to be well-known figures about St James's. Maclaine kept company with some noted "Ladies of the Town", and also with certain "Women of Fortune and Reputation" who were so unguarded as to admit him to their society.He worked his way into the affections of a Lady who deserved better, but she was saved from ruin when a gentleman revealed to her Maclaine's character. He had a sufficiently low opinion of Maclaine's respectability that he was able to decline the duel which Maclaine consequently offered him. This may have been a different challenge to that which Maclaine offered to a British officer at Putney Bowling Green in the spring of 1750. The officer, who had disparaged him, declined to fight him until he should give proof of his respectable origins. Maclaine had recently obtained a certificate attesting to his descent from the nobility. Arrest and examinations
On 26 June 1750, Plunkett and Maclaine held up the coach of the Earl of Eglinton on Hounslow Heath. Plunkett went forward of the carriage and took hold of the postilion, so

masks:
James Maclaine
James Maclain
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title: James MacLaine

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 that Lord Eglinton, who was carrying his famous blunderbuss, could not fire at him without killing his own servant.Maclaine, who was behind, commanded his Lordship to throw his blunderbuss out of the chaise, or he would "blow his brains through his face". They took the blunderbuss, together with a portmanteau and 50 guineas. Between one and two o'clock in the morning of the same day, they held up the flying coach at Chiswick, between Turnham Green and Brentford, which was carrying six passengers on its way to Salisbury going westward out of London. Wearing masks and carrying pistols, they demanded money from the passengers. When one, Josiah Higden, gave them a few shillings, he was told this was not enough. They ordered him out of the carriage, took more money out of his pockets, and threatened to blow his brains out for concealing it. They then obliged the coachman to help them to take two clothes trunks out of the coach boot, and rode off with them.One belonged to Mr Higden, and was later found empty in Kensington Gravel Pits. (This Josiah Higden was possibly the apothecary of Sackville Street who in May 1750 was involved in the will of Walter Chetwynd of Old Grendon, and in 1763 was elected Master of the Society of Apothecaries of London.) After this robbery, information on the stolen items was circulated and led to Maclaine's arrest. He stripped the lace from a waistcoat taken in the robbery and attempted to sell it to a pawnbroker in Monmouth Street, who by chance took it to the same man who had just sold the lace and recognised it. Rather than returning home to fetch the money to pay for the lace, the man alerted a constable and Maclaine was arrested. When the premises were searched many of the other things the men had stolen, including Lord Eglington's blunderbuss and coat, were uncovered. They also found a frock coat with a pair of loaded pistols in the pockets.Walpole wrote, "...there were a wardrobe of clothes, three-and-twenty purses, and the celebrated blunderbuss found at his lodgings, besides a famous kept mistress." The latter distinction was claimed by, or for, Fanny Murray. Josiah Higden, "whose word and honour are too well known to doubt the truth", decided to press charges, saying he went through with it "in duty to my country". At his arrest (which was on 27 July 1750), Maclaine was first taken for examination before Mr Justice Lediard. He began by denying the charges, and was committed to the Newgate, but very soon afterwards sent a message that he wished to make a confession. He was willing to implicate Plunkett, but the judge advised him that he would need to give them more names if he hoped for leniency, and gave him time to think about it. At his second Examination, on 1 August 1750, Maclaine declared himself to be guilty and wept piteously before the justices, but could still name only Plunkett as his confederate in crime.He brought with him a written confession, unsigned, which Mr Justice Lediard left in his hands. A well-known print (an "Exact Representation"), showing Maclaine and "his accomplice" holding up Lord Eglinton's carriage, was published on 13 August 1750, about a month before his trial. The trial at the Old Bailey was held on 12 September, and related specifically to the robbery of Josiah Higden. The indictment was that Maclean had made an assault on Higden on the King's Highway, putting him in corporal fear and danger of his life. (This was the capital offence.) It enumerated the goods taken, including a cloth coat, a pair of cloth breeches, a periwig, a pair of pumps, five holland shirts, three linen stocks, two pairs of stockings, one silk and one worsted, a pair of gloves, a pair of silver spurs and a pair of silver shoe-buckles, a pair of knee buckles, half a pound of tea and other necessaries, including two guineas which Mr Higden had about his person. Trial and execution

At Maclaine's trial at the Old Bailey, on 12 September 1750, he changed his plea again to Not Guilty, claiming that his former confession under examination had been the product of shock and mental derangement arising from the suddenness and unexpectedness of his arrest.He claimed that he had Mr Higden's coat and other belongings because Plunkett had given them to him in lieu of the remaining money that he owed him, and he (Maclaine) had no idea that they were stolen. The jury did not believe him. The trial became a fashionable society occasion. A contemporary broadside includes an illustration: a Lady (perhaps Lady Caroline Petersham) is shown appearing as a character witness. One of the justices is saying, "What has your Ladyship to say in favour of the Prisoner at the Bar? ", and she replies, "My Lord, I have had the Pleasure to know him well, he has often been about my House and I never lost anything." Lord Eglinton declined to testify against him, and Walpole, reporting Maclaine's condemnation in a letter dated 20 September, added, "I am honourably mentioned in a Grub Street ballad for not having contributed to his sentence."His romantic circumstances touched many hearts: a print entitled "Newgates Lamentation, or the Ladys Last Farewell of Macleane" illustrates visitors to his cell. He reputedly received nearly 3,000 guests while imprisoned at the Newgate, including a visitation en masse from White's, and his room became so hot that he fainted more than once. While under sentence his portrait was drawn from the life and afterwards engraved by Louis Peter Boitard. His brother Archibald, the minister and translator, though he was revolted and heartbroken by his brother's crimes and had often warned him of the consequences of his dissolute behaviour, wrote a letter from Utrecht to intercede with the court for mercy for his brother, and also wrote to <mask> himself and to Dr Allen, the minister who attended him. Archibald expressed deep conflict between his compassion for the sinful man, his duty to uphold the path of righteousness, and his uncertainty of the true nature of his brother's repentance. The letter written by Archibald Maclaine to his "Unhappy Brother" on 22 September 1750 was a call to absolute repentance before God in knowledge of the coming Judgement. Dr Allen recorded his eventual narrative of confession.He was convicted: the jury brought him in Guilty without going out of court. No remission was forthcoming, despite various signs of penitence shown by the prisoner. When the judge asked him why he should not be sentenced, Maclaine, who had prepared a short speech expressing his contrition and pleading for mercy, was unable to say more than one or two words, "My lord, I cannot speak," and stood in silence. The poet Thomas Gray, in his poem "A Long Story", referred to this when he wrote,"A sudden fit of ague shook him,He stood as mute as poor McLean." He was hanged at Tyburn on 3 October 1750. Dr Allen reported that a young fellow-prisoner who had kept him company sat up with Maclaine through his last night in prayer and devotion, and as Maclaine got into the cart to take him to Tyburn he was heard to say, "Oh my God! I have forsaken thee!But I will trust in thee!" A great crowd attended the execution, before whom he maintained a steady composure, and his last words to them were, "O God, forgive my enemies, bless my friends and receive my soul!" A later publication tells that, as the cart was about to be drawn from under him, a witness heard him say, "I must never more behold this beauteous sun! Do thou, O sun of righteousness, shine on my departing soul." In popular culture

Maclaine could not have been the model for Captain Macheath, antihero of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (reinvented by Berthold Brecht as "Mack the Knife"), because The Beggar's Opera was written in 1728, when Maclaine was only four. (The preferred claimant for that distinction is Jack Sheppard.) Rather, Maclaine's romantic image owed something to the popular example of Macheath, the chivalrous highwayman, reinforced by the fact that Macheath's character in some measure satirized Sir Robert Walpole (1st Earl of Orford, died 1745), Horace Walpole's father.Horace Walpole alluded to this when he wrote, in 1750, that Lady Caroline Petersham and Miss Ashe were the chief personages visiting and weeping over Maclaine, and referred to them as "Polly" and "Lucy" (meaning Polly Peachum and Lucy Lockit, characters in the drama). He asked them if Maclaine did not sing "Thus I stand like the Turk with his doxies around", which was one of Macheath's songs. After Maclaine was hanged, he earned a mention in the poem The Modern Fine Lady by Soame Jenyns: as an aside after the line "She weeps if but a handsome thief is hung" the following note was added: "Some of the brightest eyes were at this time in tears for one McLean, condemned for robbery on the highway." After his death his body was dissected and his skeleton was suspended for display in a niche in the Surgeons' Hall in London. William Hogarth included a representation of Maclaine's skeleton in the final plate of his series The Four Stages of Cruelty. Maclaine's execution was the subject of a Cheap Repository Tract of 1795, which went through several editions. A modern fictionalised portrayal of Maclaine's life appears in the 1999 film Plunkett & Macleane, in which he was played by Jonny Lee Miller.References

1724 births
1750 deaths
1749 crimes
Irish highwaymen
People executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain
People executed for robbery
People executed by England and Wales by hanging
18th-century British


title: John Dury

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<mask> (1596 in Edinburgh – 1680 in Kassel) was a Scottish Calvinist minister and an intellectual of the English Civil War period. He made efforts to re-unite the Calvinist and Lutheran wings of Protestantism, hoping to succeed when he moved to Kassel in 1661, but he did not accomplish this. He was also a preacher, pamphleteer, and writer. Early life
He was the fourth son of the exiled Scottish presbyterian minister Robert Durie; <mask> was brought up in the Netherlands, at Leiden, attending the university there. He was in Cologne, at the Walloon Church, 1624-6, and subsequently at Elbląg (Elbing). He was a close associate of Samuel Hartlib, a native of Elbląg, whom he met there, and shared his interest in education. According to Richard Popkin, another key influence was Joseph Mede, from whom <mask> took a method of scriptural interpretation; this interpretation has been challenged by recent research claiming that <mask> developed his "Scriptural Analysis" before meeting with the works of Mede.While at Elbing he translated an anti-trinitarian work of Samuel Przypkowski into English. From 1628 <mask> petitioned Gustavus Adolphus for help in the cause of Protestant unity. He spent much time from 1630 to 1661 wandering through Europe, working for ecclesiastical peace between Calvinists and Lutherans. Through an introduction from Hartlib, he also met Comenius, who spent some years in Elbing as well. Up to 1633, Dury had Anglican support from George Abbot. In that year, Abbot died and was replaced by William Laud, with whom Dury had a much more difficult relationship; Christopher Hill states Laud had no use for the efforts of Comenius, <mask> and Hartlib to reunite Protestants. <mask> was ordained in 1634, and went to Sweden, supported by 38 English Puritans.The networking of <mask> and Hartlib in the 1630s brought them close to Oliver Cromwell, through Oliver St <mask> (a relation by marriage, and friend) and the Godmanchester preacher Walter Welles, a neighbour. <mask> then travelled widely in northern Europe, and was tutor to Mary, Princess of Orange in the Hague. He had a long though unproductive meeting with René Descartes in 1635; also in the Netherlands he was an associate of Adam Boreel and Petrus Serrarius, and an influential figure. In Civil War and Commonwealth England
At a key moment in English and European politics, <mask> in August 1641 published Concerning the Work of Peace Ecclesiastical, urging Protestants to unite across national boundaries. This work was dedicated to his patron Sir Thomas Rowe, and had been written in 1638. In 1639 Viscount Mandeville was writing to Dury, in the context that the situation in particular of German Protestants was being mooted and linked to the possibility of the English and Scottish churches could organise or broker such a union. In 1641, <mask> and Comenius came to England; an invitation had been mooted in a sermon by <mask>en in 1641, at the start of the Long Parliament.The backers of the scheme to bring Comenius then included <mask> and Lord Brooke as well as Mandeville. <mask> gave a well-known sermon to the Parliament on 26 November 1645, Israels Call to March out of Babylon into Jerusalem. He was given an official appointment, as tutor to the younger children of Charles I; from 1646 these had been in the care of Algernon Percy, 10th Earl of Northumberland. After the war in England had ended, he argued both for religious toleration, and for acceptance of the Parliamentarian regime. He incurred the displeasure of the Westminster Assembly, to which he belonged, for his part in the 1648 publication (with Hartlib and <mask>) in translation of part the theological work Satanae Strategemata of Jacob Acontius on toleration. He called on the Ranter Abiezer Coppe to repent, and helped in drafting his recantation. He provided arguments in pamphlets of March and October 1649 for supporting the Rump Parliament.Hill places <mask> with Anthony Ascham and Marchamont Nedham as propounding the theory that Parliament had legitimacy conferred by God because it held power de facto. Barbara Lewalski calls <mask>'s arguments 'Hobbesian'. Hill considers that the failure of Cromwell's plan to create a unified Protestant church in England of the 1650s put paid to <mask>'s ecumenical ideas. In 1652 he translated <mask>'s Eikonoklastes into French as Eikonoklastēs, ou, Réponse au livre intitulé Eikon basilikē. In 1655 Milton quoted from letters of <mask> in his Pro se defensio contra Alexandrum Morum. In 1654 he was sent as a diplomat by Oliver Cromwell to Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In 1652/3 he had travelled with Bulstrode Whitelocke to Sweden.He also worked with Whitelocke as a deputy librarian, from 1649, of the collection going back to Jane Lumley. His book of 1650 on librarianship, sometimes said to be the first such work, came out of his experience in this post. Jews and Hebraists
<mask> met Manasseh ben Israel in 1644, and heard from him an account of Antonio de Montesinos's alleged discovery of the Ten Tribes in America. <mask> wrote in favour of a Hartlib Circle project, for a College of Jewish Studies. Parliament was lobbied for funds. The proposed faculty were Johann Stephanus Rittangel, Christian Ravius and Menasseh ben Israel. In 1649 <mask> addressed a further inquiry to Manasseh on the subject of the Ten Tribes, which resulted in the publication of The Hope of Israel.In 1650 appeared Thomas Thorowgood's Jewes in America; <mask> read it in manuscript, and contributed to later editions. He included information on the Karaites, in whom he had a particular interest, from Rittangel. <mask> is considered to have been one of those around Cromwell influencing the decision to allow Jews to enter England officially (they were expelled by Edward I). He was the cautious author of a pamphlet of 1656, A Case of Conscience: Whether It Be Lawful to Admit Jews into a Christian Commonwealth, in it he laid down certain conditions that Jews must fulfil in order to be admitted (no blasphemy or proselytism etc). To a question put to him by Hartlib, as to the general lawfulness of their admission, Dury replied in the affirmative; but from the point of view of expediency he considered that circumstances as to a particular time and place might render their admission unwise. Irenicism and millenarianism
<mask>'s long ecumenical efforts have earned him a name as an irenicist.<ref>S. Mandelbrote, <mask> and the practice of Irenicism, in Religious change in Europe 1650–1914: Essays for <mask>, ed.N. Aston, 41–58. (Oxford, 1997); A. Milton, The Unchanged Peacemaker? <mask> and the politics of Irenicism in England, 1628–1643 in Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation: studies in intellectual communication, ed. M. Greengrass, M. Leslie, and T. Raylor, 95–117. (Cambridge 1994).</ref>  This territory he shared, to an extent, with his contemporary Hugo Grotius. <mask> made contact with Grotius through his follower <mask> (1603–1661). That relationship soured, since <mask> had a hand in <mask>'s dismissal as chaplain to Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, suspected of Socinianism.According to Trevor-Roper,<mask>, like Grotius, was an idealist, but their ideals were not quite the same. He wished to achieve not reunion for the peace of the Church but union of all Protestants for the holy war: in particular union of Lutherans and Calvinists. <mask>’s irenicism and philosemitism can be understood as interrelated aspects of an expansionist Protestant cause focussed on Britain, Ireland, continental Europe, and the Atlantic world. In this understanding, the Portuguese Jews (and American Indians) appear as victims of Spanish Catholicism in desperate need of Protestant help. Richard Popkin and Jefferey Jue have argued that <mask> was a millenarian. His millenarian views are said to have pointed to 1655 as apocalyptic. Against that view it has been argued that <mask> warned readers about attempts to predict the onset of the Millennium.In his preface to the millenarian tract Clavis Apocalyptica <mask> seems to come out against the idea of a political millenarianism and to defend a more "moral" interpretation of millenarianism. Position in the Hartlib Circle

Pansophism and alchemy
Alchemy was within the interests of the Hartlibian group, and both <mask> and his wife were involved. In 1649 they were quizzing Worsley on distillation. In the first half of 1651 <mask> was a witness to George Starkey, in an apparent transmutation, and then recommended Starkey to Moriaen. Family
In 1645 he married Dorothy Moore (née King), an Irish Puritan widow. Dorothy Durie (sic), daughter of Sir <mask> and Catherine Drury, was a noted writer on education and the role of women in the church. The matchwas arranged by Dorothy's niece, Katherine Jones, Viscountess Ranelagh (1615–1691), daughter of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, and wife of Arthur Jones, 2nd Viscount Ranelagh.To be precise on the somewhat tenuous relationship, Arthur Moore, Dorothy's first husband, and Frances Jones née Moore, mother of Arthur Jones, were brother and sister, both children of Garret Moore, 1st Viscount Moore. By this marriage <mask> was connected to Robert Boyle, brother of Lady Ranelagh. Their daughter Dora Katherina <mask> (1654–77) was Henry Oldenburg's second wife. Dorothy also had two sons by her first husband. Irénisme et méthode chez <mask> (v.1600–1680)Pierre-Olivier Léchot (2011/2012)  "Between Ramism, Socinianism and Enthusiasm. The Intellectual Context of <mask>'s Analysis Demonstrativa Sacrae Scripturae",  Acta Comeniana. International Review of Comenius Studies and Early Modern Intellectual History '', 25, 2011/12, p. 93-123.External links

Biography of <mask>
Bibliography containing many Dury titles

1596 births
1680 deaths
Scottish Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Scottish librarians
Westminster Divines
17th-century Scottish writers
Clergy from Edinburgh
17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Leiden University alumni

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