title: Sarah Dash

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<mask> (August 18, 1945 – September 20, 2021) was an American singer and actress. She first appeared on the music scene as a member of Patti LaBelle & The Bluebelles. <mask> was later a member of Labelle, and worked as a singer, session musician, and sideman for The Rolling Stones, and Keith Richards. Biography

Early career
The seventh of 13 children, <mask> was born in Trenton, New Jersey. Her father was a pastor at the Trenton Church of Christ, while her mother was a nurse. Although she initially sang gospel music, <mask> turned to secular music as a pre-teen when she formed a vocal duo, the Capris. When she moved to Philadelphia in the mid-1960s she got reacquainted with fellow adopted Philadelphian Nona Hendryx and Philadelphia natives Patricia "Patsy" Holte (AKA Patti LaBelle) and Sundray Tucker.In 1961, following the break-up of a rival girl group, Hendryx and <mask> joined Holte and Tucker in "The Ordettes". In 1961, Tucker was replaced by Philadelphia-born Cindy Birdsong and the quartet became The Bluebelles in 1962. The group changed their name again to Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles after Holte was advised to adopt the stage name of Patti Labelle. Among the Bluebelles hits were the doo-wop classic, "I Sold My Heart to the Junkman" and doo-wop-esque R&B ballads "You'll Never Walk Alone" and "Danny Boy", the top forty classic, "Down the Aisle", the soul standard "All or Nothing" and their now-legendary rendition of "Over the Rainbow", which LaBelle later transformed into a tour-de-force in her 1981 solo cover. <mask> sang with a sharp soprano. Labelle

In 1967, Birdsong left the group to join The Supremes and four years later, The Bluebelles changed their name to Labelle and began recording material that set them apart from other girl groups including songs of political, social and sexual matters, transforming them into a "hard-rocking, sexually and politically outspoken group". Much like The Supremes' Mary Wilson, <mask> was often the "middle" of two of the group's extremes, Nona Hendryx and Patti LaBelle, who often had differed in the group's change of direction before LaBelle eventually agreed to "go along with it".After a tour of England where they changed managers, hiring Vicki Wickham, in 1971, the group ditched their bouffant wigs and dresses for Afros and jeans, releasing transitional records such as Labelle (which included the Hendryx-penned sexual "Morning Much Better") and Moon Shadow (which featured the group's gospel-fueled renditions of the Pete Townshend penned "Won't Get Fooled Again", and Cat Stevens' "Moon Shadow"). During this period, the group gained notice from the mainstream after opening for singer-songwriter Laura Nyro and recording an album, Gonna Take a Miracle, together. They also toured with British rock group The Who, leading up to the 1973 release of Pressure Cookin'  This featured more songwriting from Hendryx and a more unified group effort in which <mask> sang co-lead, including the ballad, "Can I Speak to You Before You Go to Hollywood? ", where <mask> sings most of the song. <mask>'s strong vocals in the group provided for balance and stability when LaBelle and Hendryx occasionally went off on vocal tangents or were pulling audience members up onto the stage to dance. <mask> also wrote several songs. Despite the group's cult raves for their early material, their critical success did not translate to commercial acclaim until the releases of 1974's Nightbirds (which featured the group's biggest smash single of their careers, "Lady Marmalade") and 1975's Phoenix.Following the release of 1976's Chameleon and a 1977 tour, the group agreed to split after the trio failed to come to terms with material (the group were working on an album titled Shaman when they split) and had finally "rocked and rolled themselves out". Solo career
In 1978, <mask> released her self-titled debut album, which included the top-ten disco hit, "Sinner Man". She also performed vocals on several ballads, notably "You," and "We're Lovers After All," and "I Can't Believe Someone Like You Could Really Love Me," (with a full gospel choir backing); she also had another minor disco hit with "(Come and Take) This Candy from Your Baby". <mask> enjoyed much success and television and public appearances with "Sinner Man." At this time, she was asked to compose and sing "For The Love of You" (the theme song for the 1980s PBS show Watch Your Mouth) and "Bringing It All Home." She also guest-starred on an episode of Watch Your Mouth, playing a fictional character, a super diva with an attitude, "Tessie Bright". However, on her Don Kirshner albums, and especially Ooh La La, <mask>, (1980) she was given substandard material to work with, although she wrote "I Feel Good Being Me" for this album.It featured one disco track, "Ooh La La, Too Soon," which was used in a Sassoon jeans commercial, and Phyllis Hyman provided backing vocals to the album. After releasing one more album Close Enough, for Kirshner, which features ballads such as "Somebody's Angel" and "God Bless You," and the rocker, "Paradise," <mask> left Kirshner for other opportunities. In 1983, <mask> released two dance singles for Megatone Records in San Francisco, both produced by Patrick Cowley. The first, "Low Down Dirty Rhythm" was basically ignored, but the second single "Lucky Tonight" (featuring background vocals by Sylvester), was much more successful, even rising to the #5 spot on Billboard'''s Dance Chart, and was even a Billboard "Pick of the Week." <mask>'s next endeavor was the recording she made on the rap record, Satisfaction, for High Fidelity Three in 1985. Also during this time, <mask> did session work for The O'Jays, Nile Rodgers of Chic (duetting on a ballad with Rodgers, "My Love Song for You" from, The Adventures in the Land of the Good Groove), The Marshall Tucker Band, and David Johansen. In the later 1980s, she teamed up with musician Dr. York for the duet "It's Too Late" (for which York took out advertisement space on the cover of Billboard magazine, to little success).Then in 1988 she was signed to Manhattan Records, (via EMI) and released the album entitled You're All I Need. This set included a title track duet with Patti Labelle; a further duet "Don't Make Me Wait" with Ray, Goodman & Brown; and "To Tell You The Truth". It was met with only moderate success, and <mask> did not record another album thereafter. Subsequently, <mask> released a little-noticed dance single in 1990, "When You Talk to Me/ Manhandled," with Disc jockey Jellybean Benitez. A dance music single with gospel lyrics called "Hold On (He'll Be Right There)," produced by Jason King and Gavin Bradley, was released in 2012. Reunited with the Rolling Stones
In 1988, Keith Richards invited <mask> to accompany him on tour: her association with him led to another world tour, a tour with Richards' X-pensive Winos, appearances on two of his albums, and on The Rolling Stones' Steel Wheels album in 1989. With Richards, she guested on Live at the Hollywood Palladium in 1988, and Main Offender, in 1992.In the early 1990s, <mask> developed her own one-woman show, "Dash of Diva," performing at different club venues, as well as doing a more jazz-flavored set that resulted in various appearances. In 1995, she reunited with Patti Labelle and Nona Hendryx to record the track "Turn It Out" for the movie soundtrack, To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar, garnering a No. 1 dance music hit in the process. Also in 1988, <mask> was asked to add her backing vocals to the Rolling Stones' Steel Wheels album, which eventually led to a tour with her old friend Keith Richards. They became close when <mask> was still performing with Patti Labelle and The Blue Belles, who opened for Stones in the early 1960s. She recorded the duet "Make No Mistake" with him, and she took the lead vocal on "Time Is on My Side", showcasing her powerful delivery and vocal range, which, Keith has said in his autobiography, is 'the best version of that song he's ever heard'.She also recorded as lead vocalist for "Rock Awhile". For his next album, <mask> wrote and sang another track, "Body Talk". Another highlight during her tour with Richards was her singing the female vocal on "Gimme Shelter." <mask> started the song with her silvery "Oohs' and then cut loose on her solo in the middle of the song. Another contribution is only available on the Keith Richards song "Eileen", a CD single from his album Main Offender on the Virgin Records label. In 1992, <mask> added her background vocals on the collaboration between Bo Diddley and Ronnie Wood's Live at the Ritz album. Later career and Labelle reunion
<mask> made later guest appearances on albums, including Temptation and Persuasions' cut "Greener."From time to time, she also performed jazz/blues shows in small clubs on the east coast. She took a break to work on her autobiography, Dash of Diva. She decided with her friend and confidante Pam Johnson on scripted excerpts and wrote a musical with the same title debut at The Cross Roads Theater in New Brunswick. Labelle, having reunited for television a few times over the years and sporadic recordings, recorded in January 2006, a tribute to civil rights leader Rosa Parks tentatively titled, "Dear Rosa." In 2008, the long-awaited new album from Labelle founders Patti Labelle, Nona Hendryx & <mask>, Back to Now, was released to rave reviews. <mask> sang lead vocals in the group's political song, "System", which featured LaBelle and Hendryx singing side by side to <mask> in autotone, resurrecting songs that did not make the final cut from earlier recordings, including Cole Porter's composition, "Miss Otis Regrets" amongst other songs. <mask>'s voice had taken a while to return after an injury on the New York City Subway and hospitalization, but she recovered her voice by the time of the recording.Producers on the project included Lenny Kravitz, Wyclef Jean, and Philadelphia writer/producers Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff. <mask> headlined for a month in the San Francisco Cirque du Soleil-influenced Teatro Zinzanni and performed at the 2007 Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender parade. She also worked on a gospel album at the time. <mask> was honored by her hometown of Trenton, New Jersey, by being the grand marshal in the annual Thanksgiving Day Parade. The parade was held on Saturday November 22, 2008. The honor was presented to <mask> during a time when her hometown of Trenton was at a point where morale was at an all-time low and violent crimes such as murder reached an all-time high. The hope was that such honors would spark encouragement in the city and show that people from Trenton can reach a measure of success with hard work.It was announced in 2012 that <mask> planned to release a full-length gospel album. She released a ballad from the album called "I'm Still Here" in late 2011, and a dance music single "Hold On (He'll Be Right There)," in May 2012. <mask> along with the group LaBelle, were inducted into the Philadelphia Music Alliance Walk of Fame in October 2017. In 2016, <mask> was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award by The National R&B Music Society. Charity work

Much of <mask>'s focus since the early 1990s was on helping to raise money for homeless single women with children in New York. <mask> received a citation from the deputy Mayor of New York City, Ruth Messinger, for her work and efforts in the underprivileged New York City community where she raised funds. <mask> collected donations and funds she acquired for these mothers and their children which included clothing, toys, books, after-school activities, excursions to amusement parks, theater in the parks, and food.Personal life

<mask> was married briefly and had no children. The author of an autobiography, Dash of Diva, <mask> also wrote and appeared in a self-penned musical of the same title that was presented at the Cross Roads Theater in New Brunswick, New Jersey. <mask> died unexpectedly on September 20, 2021, at the age of 76. No cause of death was given. <mask>'s last performance was on September 18, 2021 (two days before her death) in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Patti LaBelle called <mask> <mask>, 1978, Kirshner RecordsOoh La La, <mask>, 1980, Kirshner RecordsClose Enough, 1983, Kirshner RecordsYou're All I Need, 1988, EMI

Singles
"Sinner Man", 1978, Kirshner Records
"(Come and Take This) Candy from Your Baby", 1978, Kirshner
"Ooh La La Too Soon", 1980, Kirshner
"Leaving Again", 1983, Kirshner
"Low Down Dirty Rhythm", 1983, Megatone Records
"Lucky Tonight", 1983, Megatone Records
"Satisfaction" (with High Fidelity Three), 1985, Cutting Records
"It's Too Late" (with Dr. York), 1985
"Feel Good", 1988, EMI
"When You Talk to Me", 1990, EMI-Manhattan
"Sparkle" (with Ari Gold), 2011, Gold 18 Records
"Hold On (He'll Be Right There)", 2012, Superlatude
"Sinner Man", 2021 Remixes, House Of Pride Music (#1 Kings Of Spin, #1 Masspool Dance Chart, #2 Starfleet Dance Chart)

Film and televisionSOUL!, 1968Sgt.Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band, 1978, MCAMidnight Special, 1978Merv Griffin Show, 1978Dinah Shore Show, 1978Dance Fever, 1978Soul Train, 1978Don Kirshner's Rock Concert, 1978Watch Your Mouth (acting as character 'Tessie Bright'), 1978, PBSSoul Train, 1978Mr. SOUL!, 2018 (archival footage)

TheaterTeatro Zinzanni (San Francisco), May – August 2007

References

Sources
Lewis, Pete. "Labelle in-depth interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul May 2009"
Dillinger, Tim. "Interview with <mask>" June 2007. Available:  iTunes. "Gals Too Big for Broadway." PlanetOut.com  (2006)
LaBelle, Patti, with Laura B. Randolph (1996)."Don't Block the Blessings: Revelations of a Lifetime." New York, NY: Riverhead Books. .
Pratt, Paul E. "Zinzanni Adds <mask> of Diva to 'Ceative Fantasy'" San Fanciso Bay Times. July 5, 2007 http://www.sfbaytimes.com/?sec=article&article_id=6595
Schaefer, Stephen. "<mask>:  RED." Disco World. March 1979, p. 32. Taraborrelli, Randy J."<mask>: The Next Group I Join Will Be Group Health Insurance." Inside Gossip. March 1989, p. 32. Teatro Zinzanni website  "Bio" May 2007. Available:  http://love.zinzanni.org/cast.htm
West, Damon. "<mask>: One Hot Lady." In Touch Magazine.''June 1990, p. 18. External links
<mask>'s MySpace page

1945 births
2021 deaths
American sopranos
20th-century African-American women singers
American disco musicians
American dance musicians
American soul musicians
Singers from New Jersey
Musicians from Philadelphia
Labelle members
Musicians from Trenton, New Jersey
Singers from Pennsylvania
Actors from Trenton, New Jersey
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Sarah Dash
Dash
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Sarah Dash
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DashSarah
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Sarah Dash
Sarah Dash
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Sarah Dash
Sarah Dash
Sarah Dash


title: Sarah Champion

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 10 July 1969) is a British Labour Party politician who has served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Rotherham since 2012. <mask> studied Psychology at Sheffield University. Before entering Parliament, she ran art workshops and was employed as the Chief Executive of a children's hospice in Rotherham. <mask> was first elected to Parliament at the 2012 by-election. <mask> was appointed by Jeremy Corbyn as Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse in September 2015, but resigned in June 2016, following a vote of no confidence in Corbyn. However, she returned to the frontbench in July 2016. In October 2016, she was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Secretary of State for Women and Equalities.In August 2017, <mask> resigned from her post following criticism of an opinion piece she wrote for The Sun that discussed what she termed the problem of white girls being raped and exploited by British Pakistani men, and which fellow Labour MP Naz Shah described as "incendiary and irresponsible". Early life
<mask> was born in Maldon. She attended Prince William School in Oundle, then graduated with a BA degree in psychology from the University of Sheffield in 1991. Career
After working as a volunteer at Sheffield's St Luke's Hospice and running art workshops at the city's Abbeydale Road Secondary School she gained full-time employment, running Rotherham Arts Centre from 1992 to 1994. <mask> then worked as an Arts Development Officer for Ashfield District Council. She ran the Chinese Arts Centre in Manchester from 1996 to 2008, and was the Chief Executive of the Bluebell Wood Children's Hospice in North Anston, Rotherham from 2008 to 2012. In November 2012 she was selected to be Labour's candidate for the upcoming Rotherham by-election, which was triggered by the resignation of the constituency's MP, Denis MacShane.<mask> was chosen to stand for Parliament from a shortlist chosen by the party. She was elected as MP for Rotherham on 29 November with 9,866 votes (a 46.25% overall share of the vote). Jane Collins of the UK Independence Party was second with 4,648 votes (21.79%), achieving that party's best result in a by-election. Labour achieved a majority of 5,218 (24.46%), an increase in terms of percentage from Rotherham's 2010 general election result, but a decrease in the actual number of votes cast. <mask> is Rotherham's first female MP. In an interview with BBC Radio Sheffield on 30 November 2012, <mask> said that she does not regard herself as being a career politician: "There are some people who from the moment they were born wanted to be a politician. Whereas for me, since I started working I've always been working with the community and I want to carry on doing that."In a 2014 BBC interview, <mask> admitted that she rarely attends Prime Minister's Questions. On 7 May 2015, <mask> was re-elected as the Member of Parliament for Rotherham with a 52.5% share of the vote. She secured 19,860 votes, increasing her majority by over 3,000. She was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate Jeremy Corbyn as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. In September 2017, the political commentator Iain Dale placed <mask> at Number 92 on his list of the '100 most influential people on the Left'. In November 2017, a fly-on-the-wall BBC documentary Labour: The Summer that Changed Everything made during the 2017 general election campaign was shown, with <mask> as one of four MPs critical of Jeremy Corbyn's leadership who were followed for six weeks. The documentary showed <mask> stating "I don't believe you can be a leader if nobody's following you", and the MPs' surprise at the election result.<mask> discussed the psychological stresses of the campaign and being at parliament, and that she did not feel tough enough to go back to parliament the day after the result. In the 2019 general election, <mask> was re-elected as MP for Rotherham with a majority of 3,121. Parliament
<mask> was formerly a member of the Transport Select Committee, Parliamentary Private Secretary to Shadow Education Secretary Tristram Hunt, Chair of the All-party parliamentary group (APPG) on Victims and Witnesses, Chair of the All-party Parliamentary Group on Choice at the End of Life, and Co-chair All-party Parliamentary Health Group. Since 2020 she is Chair of the International Development Committee. <mask> has chaired the All-party Parliamentary Group on Street Children since November 2021. <mask> was appointed Shadow Minister for 'preventing abuse and domestic violence' in 2015. She resigned from this position on 28 June 2016, in the wake of criticism of Jeremy Corbyn's approach towards the EU referendum following a vote to leave the EU.Child sexual exploitation
In November 2013, it was announced that <mask>, in partnership with children's charity Barnardos, would lead a cross-party inquiry to investigate the effectiveness of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 in tackling child sexual exploitation and trafficking within the UK. <mask> conducted an inquiry with Barnardo's in 2013 to investigate how effectively children were, at that time, protected by the law from sexual exploitation. Later, in July 2014, and as a result of her inquiry, <mask> managed to make an amendment to the Criminal Justice and Courts Bill that allowed a person caught arranging to meet a child for sex to be convicted straight away. Previously, the person had to be caught twice. In January 2016, <mask> launched a campaign called Dare2Care that focuses on preventing child abuse and the normalisation of violence in young people's relationships The campaign has launched a website, putting tools and resources for young people, parents and professionals in one place. These are intended to help better inform people on how to tackle child abuse and relationship violence. Later in March she publicly criticised the Prime Minister over a failure to carry out pledges made the previous year in tackling with child abuse.<mask> criticised the lack of progress over a national child abuse task force and a whistleblowing portal that had no 'taskforce to blow to' as well as the failure to begin a consultation on extending the offence of wilful neglect to children's social care, education and councils. Rotherham child sexual exploitation scandal

In response to the Jay Report, released in August 2014, which found 1,400 victims of child sexual exploitation in Rotherham between 1997 and 2013, <mask> applauded the council for apologising and accepting the report. The following week <mask> put a short question to the Home Secretary, saying she was angry, and asked for necessary resources to solve the problems. In October 2014, <mask> secured additional funding to appoint Jayne Senior, a specialist in child sexual exploitation, to support the 1,400 victims of child abuse in Rotherham. In November 2014, <mask> asked the Prime Minister to support Rotherham's victims and to ensure that procedures are in place to prevent such widespread abuse happening again. The Prime Minister replied in part that the Home Office was leading "this important effort" in getting departments to work together. In 2015, three Rotherham Labour MPs, Kevin Barron, <mask> and John Healey, started a defamation legal action against UKIP MEP Jane Collins after Collins falsely alleged in a UKIP conference speech that the three MPs knew about child exploitation in Rotherham but did not intervene, and in February 2017 the MPs were awarded £54,000 each in damages.Gender pay equality
In December 2014, <mask> took a Ten Minute Rule Bill to Parliament, asking for the mandatory publishing of figures of the pay gap between men and women in any company of over 250 employees. The Bill was overwhelmingly supported by MPs, with 258 voting in support and just 8 voting against. In July 2015 the Prime Minister, David Cameron, announced that the Government would be adopting the measures put forward in <mask>'s Bill. Brexit
Champion repeatedly voted against Theresa May's Brexit deal. On 16 July 2019, <mask> stated: "If my party comes out as a remain party rather than trying to find a deal or rather than trying to exit, I can't support that, it goes against democracy". She said she would rather support a "no-deal Brexit"  than remain in the EU, as she believed Labour had to deliver the result of the 2016 referendum. Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse
<mask> was appointed as Shadow Minister for Preventing Abuse by Jeremy Corbyn in September 2015.In June 2016, <mask> resigned as shadow Home Office minister focusing on women, equality and domestic violence after Labour MPs passed a motion of no confidence in Jeremy Corbyn. However, the next month she returned to the frontbench in the same post. In September 2016, it became known that <mask> had been cautioned by police in 2007 after a violent altercation with her husband while they were about to divorce. <mask> admitted she had "lost control" and said: "I'm not proud of what happened and I accept I was in the wrong but I have nothing to hide. I lost control after being provoked for years and for that I am sorry but I felt extremely vulnerable at that moment". Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities
In October 2016, the leader of the Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn appointed <mask> to the role of Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities. In November 2016, <mask> launched Dare2Care, a National Action Plan for Preventing Child Abuse and Violence in Teenage Relationships.Among <mask>'s key recommendations is the compulsory introduction of resilience and relationships education for all children from Key Stage One. In August 2017, on BBC Radio 4's Today programme she said that "more people are afraid to be called a racist than they are afraid to be wrong about calling out child abuse". Her statements were followed by an opinion piece for The Sun titled "British Pakistani men ARE raping and exploiting white girls ... and it's time we faced up to it". The article went on to suggest that "Britain has a problem with British Pakistani men raping and exploiting white girls". Fellow Labour MP Naz Shah criticised <mask>'s statements, describing the headline as incendiary and irresponsible, and claiming that 90% of child sexual abusers were white men. A few days later, <mask> distanced herself from The Sun article, which she said should "not have gone out in my name", stating that the beginning of the article had been altered by the newspaper's staff resulting in the piece being "stripped of nuance". The newspaper said the article's final form had been approved by her team, and later produced an email from one of her aides confirming she was actually "thrilled" by the article.<mask> resigned from her post on 16 August 2017. Backbenches
She was re-elected with a reduced majority at the 2019 general election. In 2021 she co-sponsored the Marriage and Civil Partnership (Minimum Age) Bill. Personal life
In 1999 <mask> married Graham Hoyland, a BBC producer and explorer. The couple divorced in 2007. References

External links
<mask> at Labour.org.uk

Dare2Care.org.uk

|-

1969 births
Living people
21st-century British women politicians
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present
21st-century English women
21st-century English people

masks:
Sarah Deborah Champion
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Sarah Champion


title: Robert H. Grubbs

texts:
<mask> ForMemRS (February 27, 1942 – December 19, 2021) was an American chemist and the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. He was a co-recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on olefin metathesis. <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2015 for developments in catalysts that have enabled commercial products. He was a co-founder of Materia, a university spin-off startup to produce catalysts. Early life and education
<mask> was born on February 27, 1942, on a farm in Marshall County, Kentucky, midway between Possum Trot and Calvert City. His parents were <mask> and Faye (Atwood<mask>. Faye was a schoolteacher.After serving in World War II, the family moved to Paducah, Kentucky, where <mask> trained as a diesel mechanic, and <mask> attended Paducah Tilghman High School. At the University of Florida, <mask> initially intended to study agriculture chemistry. However, he was convinced by professor Merle A. Battiste to switch to organic chemistry. Working with Battiste, he became interested in how chemical reactions occur. He received his B.S. in 1963 and M.S. in 1965 from the University of Florida.Next, Grubbs attended Columbia University, where he worked with Ronald Breslow on organometallic compounds which contain carbon-metal bonds. Grubbs received his PhD in 1968. Career
<mask> worked with James Collman at Stanford University as a National Institutes of Health fellow during 1968–1969. With Collman, he began to systematically investigate catalytic processes in organometallic chemistry, a then relatively new area of research. In 1969, <mask> was appointed to the faculty of Michigan State University, where he began his work on olefin metathesis. <mask>, Gerasimos J. Karabatsos, Gene LeGoff, Don Farnum, Bill Reusch and Pete Wagner served as his early mentors at MSU. <mask> was an assistant professor from 1969 to 1973, and an associate professor from 1973 to 1978.He received a Sloan Fellowship for 1974–1976. In 1975, he went to the Max Planck Institute for Coal Research in Mülheim, Germany on a fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In 1978, Grubbs moved to California Institute of Technology as a professor of chemistry. As of 1990 he became the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry. , Grubbs has an h-index of 160 according to Google Scholar and of 137 according to Scopus. Commercial activities
Both first and second generation Grubbs catalysts were commercially available from Materia, a startup company that Grubbs co-founded with Mike Giardello in Pasadena, California, in 1998. Materia has been able to obtain exclusive rights to manufacture many of the known olefin catalysts.Under Giardello, Materia was able to sell their catalysts through Sigma-Aldrichs chemicals catalogue. Sigma-Aldrich became their exclusive worldwide provider. In 2008, Materia partnered with Cargill to form Elevance Renewable Sciences to produce specialty chemicals from renewable oils, including biofuels. In 2017, Materia sold its catalyst business to Umicore. In 2021, Materia was acquired by ExxonMobil. <mask> was a member of the Reliance Innovation Council formed by Reliance Industries Limited, India. Grubbs was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festival's Advisory Board.Research
<mask>'s main research interests were in organometallic chemistry and synthetic chemistry, particularly the development of novel catalysts for olefin metathesis. In olefin metathesis, a catalyst is used to break the bonds of carbon molecules, which can then re-form to create chemical bonds in new ways, producing new compounds with unique properties. The basic technique can be used for creation of polymers, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals and has broad applications in areas including pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, and plastics. <mask> was instrumental in developing a family of ruthenium catalysts, including <mask> catalyst for olefin metathesis. He studied olefin transformations for ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross-metathesis reaction (CMR), and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) with cyclic olefins such as norbornene. He also contributed to the development of "living polymerization", in which the termination ability of a polymerization reaction is removed. The polymer will continue to replicate until a quenching agent is presented.The Grubbs group successfully polymerized the 7-oxo norbornene derivative using ruthenium trichloride, osmium trichloride as well as tungsten alkylidenes. They identified a Ru(II) carbene as an effective metal center and in 1992 published the first well-defined, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst, (PPh3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2. The corresponding tricyclohexylphosphine complex (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2 was also shown to be active. This work culminated in the now commercially available first-generation Grubbs catalyst in 1995. Second generation catalysts were developed as well. Ruthenium is stable in air and has higher selectivity and lower reactivity than molybdenum, the most promising of the previously discovered catalysts. In addition, Grubbs took a green chemistry approach to catalysis that reduced the potential to create hazardous waste.The Grubbs catalyst has become a standard for general metathesis applications in ordinary laboratories. By controlling the catalyst used, it became possible to synthesize polymers with specialized structures and functional capabilities, including cyclic olefins, alternating copolymers, and multiblock copolymers. Using catalysts allows chemists to speed up chemical transformations and to lower the cost of what were previously complicated multi-step industrial processes. Personal life
While at Columbia University, Grubbs also met his future wife, <mask>'Kane, a special-education teacher, with whom he had three children: Barney (born 1972), Brendan H. (born 1974) and Kathleen (Katy) (born 1977). Grubbs died from a heart attack at the City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center in Duarte, California on December 19, 2021, at age 79. At the time of his death, he was being treated for lymphoma. Awards and honors
<mask> received the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Richard R. Schrock and Yves Chauvin, for his work in the field of olefin metathesis.

masks:
Robert Howard Grubbs
Grubbs
Grubbs
Howard
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Howard
Robert
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Harold Hart
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title: Rachel Azaria

texts:
<mask> (, born 21 December 1977), is an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Kulanu. She previously served as deputy mayor and member of the Jerusalem City Council. Biography
<mask> was born in Jerusalem to <mask>, a Tunisian-Jewish immigrant to Israel, and Sharon Friedman, an American Jewish immigrant to Israel. She grew up on moshav Beit Gamliel and was educated in the National Religious school system. After serving in the Israel Defense Forces, <mask> studied at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she earned a BA in Psychology and a master's degree in conflict resolution. She won the Tami Steinmetz Prize for her master's thesis on the self-perception of the founders of the first Israeli settlements in Samaria. She was a member of the debating team at the Hebrew University, participating in debates in the European and World Championships.She participated in the Shalom Hartman Institute's Young National Religious Leadership program from 2001 to 2003. She is fluent in English. <mask> is married to Elyashiv, a Talmud teacher, and has four children, and lives in Jerusalem. She held US citizenship prior to her entering the Knesset, when she had to give it up as a condition of becoming an MK. Social activism
Since 1998, <mask> has been engaged in environmental activism. She serves as a member of the Board of Green Course, Israel's largest volunteer environmental organization. She has also been involved in issues related to Israel's national health basket, the Ashkelon coal plant, and the social impact of government economic plans.<mask> was Director of Mavoi Satum from 2004-2007. It is a nonprofit organization which assists Jewish women who have been denied a gett, a religiously accepted divorce, by their husbands. Under her leadership, the number of women who received a gett with assistance from organization tripled, and Mavoi Satum won recognition as the main advocacy organization in this field in Israel. Political career
<mask> was a founding member of the Yerushalmim political party in 2008 and served as its Chair until she was elected to the Knesset in 2015. Jerusalem city council  (2008-2015)
In 2008 <mask> was elected to the Jerusalem City Council. In her first term she held the early childhood education and community councils portfolios. But in 2011 The Jewish Daily Forward interviewed <mask> about punishment she had suffered on the council for standing up for legal rights of women.Jerusalem Mayor Nir Barkat stripped her of her portfolios to punish her for petitioning Israel's High Court of Justice to enforce an earlier ruling requiring police to prevent illegal gender segregation on the streets of Mea Shearim, an ultra-Orthodox neighborhood of Jerusalem. After her reelection in 2013 she was appointed Deputy Mayor of Jerusalem as head of the Yerushalmim faction on the Jerusalem city council. As of January 2015, she holds the education portfolio and women's rights portfolio. As leader of the Yerushalmim party, <mask> has promoted "Community Kashrut," an effort to make kosher certification on food items a matter of trust between food establishments and their customers. Yerushalmim expects the project to open the kosher market to greater competition and to dislodge the monopoly the Chief Rabbinate of Israel exercises in Israel as the only source of kosher certification. When a company responsible for placing ads on Jerusalem buses refused to run a campaign poster with her picture on it because ultra-Orthodox Jews object to posting women's pictures in public places, Azaria petitioned the court to force the buses to carry her ads. She has been engaged in the campaign to fight various types of exclusion, such as banning women from singing in public, separating women from men on city sidewalks, forcing women to sit at the back of the bus and the elimination of pictures of women in advertising.In a panel at the Brookings Institution, <mask> stated the efforts to promote women's rights has served as a bridge between Orthodox Jewish women and Israeli Arab women who grapple with similar issues and have begun to push for a voice in their communities. In 2014, <mask> spoke at a peace rally condemning all forms of violence: "We all, Haredim, secular, religious Zionists and Palestinians are against violence, in our city and everywhere." Member of Knesset (2015-2019)
In January 2015,  she joined Moshe Kahlon's Kulanu party, and announced that she would seek a Knesset seat under the party's banner. While Israelis can hold dual citizenship, a Basic Law passed in 1958 says that Knesset members cannot pledge allegiance as parliamentarians unless they give up foreign citizenship. <mask> renounced her American citizenship before joining the Knesset in March. In December 2015, the Knesset approved a preliminary reading of legislation <mask> sponsored to enable fathers to take more time off from work to care for their infants. The proposed changes to the Women's Labor Law and the National Insurance Law passed with a vote of 49 in favor and none against.In May 2018, <mask> led a group of 10 female MKs who boycotted speeches by fellow MK Yehuda Glick after it was revealed that Glick had met with a Gett refuser on Knesset grounds. It was not immediately clear why Glick — who had previously spoken in favor of prenuptial agreements to avoid the problems associated with gett refusal — had invited the get refuser, and there was no comment from his office after the story broke. Approximately a week later, Glick posted to his Facebook page explaining that he was mediating the conflict between the estranged husband and wife. With the post, Glick attached a video showing <mask> and the other MKs not letting him speak from the Knesset plenum and criticized <mask> for not attempting to privately ask him for an explanation before publicly attacking him. The next day, Glick posted a picture with him and Azaria together noting that he had accepted her initiative to bury the hatche. Return to Jerusalem politics
In June 2018, <mask> announced that she would run for Mayor of Jerusalem in the 2018 Jerusalem mayoral election, though she had not yet secured the support of her former party at the time of her announcement. In July, the party decided to allow <mask> to return as its head.In response, the outgoing head of the party, Fleur Hassan-Nahoum chose to join <mask>'s opponent, Ze'ev Elkin. Hassan-Nahoum said she was surprised when <mask> decided to run, and noted that she had a "real issue" with <mask>'s candidacy splitting the city's pluralistic vote. In response, <mask> called it "unfortunate" that Hassan-Nahoum chose to leave the party after their decision and wished her good luck. In September, <mask> decided to withdraw her name from the ballot and support Likud’s Environmental Protection Minister Ze'ev Elkin. <mask> returned to her role in the Knesset. She continued in this role until the government body officially passed a law dispersing itself in late December 2018. Following this announcement, <mask> announced in early January 2019 that she would be leaving the Kulanu party for the upcoming elections.See also
Women in Israel
Female representation in local government in Israel

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Deputy Mayors of Jerusalem
Israeli feminists
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
Israeli people of Tunisian-Jewish descent
Israeli people of American-Jewish descent
Women members of the Knesset
Kulanu politicians
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Former United States citizens
21st-century Israeli women politicians

masks:
Rachel Azaria
Rachel Azaria
Israel Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
Azaria
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Azaria


title: Torrey DeVitto

texts:
<mask> (born June 8, 1984) is an American actress, musician, activist, producer and former fashion model. She is best known for her recurring roles as Melissa Hastings in the Freeform mystery drama series Pretty Little Liars (2010–2017), Dr. Meredith Fell in The CW fantasy drama series The Vampire Diaries (2012–2013) and as Carrie in The CW drama series One Tree Hill (2008–2009). She had lead roles as Maggie Hall in the final season of Lifetime's drama series Army Wives (2013) and as Dr. Natalie Manning in the NBC medical drama series Chicago Med (2015–2021). Early life
DeVitto was born in Huntington on Long Island, to Mary (née <mask>) and <mask>, and raised in Winter Park, Florida. Her father was a long-time drummer for Billy Joel and her mother had been Stevie Nicks's best friend since the late 1970s and met DeVitto's father in 1983 when he was the drummer on Nicks' Wild Heart Tour. On the day of her birth, Joel was performing at the Wembley Arena and made a special note before beginning "The Longest Time" that DeVitto's wife was having a baby, causing a standing ovation for DeVitto, who was playing the drums at the concert. She was named Torrey after her mother's maiden name.She is of Italian descent, and second of four daughters with an older sister named Devon, and two younger sisters Maryelle and Mae. Her sister Maryelle was a contestant in the Discovery Kids reality competition show Endurance. As a child, DeVitto spent a lot of time touring with her parents. She described her childhood to CVLUX magazine by saying: "We spent every Thanksgiving at Billy Joel's house. I grew up with his daughter, Alexa; it was a lot of warm, happy memories." By the fourth grade, she was playing violin with the local high school orchestra, and at the age of twelve she performed a solo at Christie Brinkley and Peter Halsey Cook's wedding. She played in the Florida Symphony Youth Orchestra (1995–1997) and in the Florida Youth Artist Orchestra (1998–1999).She attended Youngsville Elementary School, part of Kings Park Central School District. She studied dance with the Kings Park Dance Center in New York and took acting classes at Zoe & Company in Orlando, Florida. After graduating from Winter Park High School, she spent her summer in Japan working as a fashion model. Career
<mask>'s modeling career started at age 15, when she began appearing in commercials, which she described to be a stepping stone to get to TV and film jobs. She was signed to Ford and Avenue One modeling agencies. Staying true to her love of music in 2002, she played violin with the Tommy Davidson Band at the Sunset Room in Hollywood. She also played violin on Raphael Saadiq's 2004 album, Ray Ray, as well as Stevie Nicks' 2011 album In Your Dreams.DeVitto landed her first acting role in 1999 when she participated in The WB drama series Safe Harbor. In 2000, she appeared in the Nickelodeon comedy series Noah Knows Best. In 2002, she landed a lead role in playwright Lee Blessing’s play Eleemosynary, which was performed at the Orlando Shakespeare Theater. Her performance received praise and positive reviews in the Orlando Sentinel. DeVitto co-starred in the ABC Family drama series Beautiful People as aspiring model Karen Kerr from 2005 to 2006. DeVitto made her film debut in the dramatic short film Starcrossed (2005), which tells about brothers, who develop a sexual attraction to one another. She also appeared in the horror film sequel I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer (2006) as Zoe Warner.She guest-starred on Drake & Josh, Scrubs, Jack & Bobby and had a small part in the romantic drama short film Forbidden Love. She had a lead role as an actress Sierra Young in the comedy film Heber Holiday (2007) and co-starred in the comedy-drama film Green Flash (2008) alongside David Charvet and Kristin Cavallari. DeVitto appeared in the horror comedy film Killer Movie (2008) with then-boyfriend Paul Wesley, Kaley Cuoco and Leighton Meester. From 2008 to 2009, DeVitto had a recurring role in the fifth and sixth seasons of The CW drama series One Tree Hill, where she played nanny Carrie. In 2013, DeVitto told Entertainment Tonight that her role as Carrie garnered strong reactions from the show's viewers and she often gets approached by fans about One Tree Hill. DeVitto appeared in Will.I.Am's Vote Obama video "We Are The Ones" (2008) and Stevie Nicks' music video for the song "Moonlight" (2011). In 2010, DeVitto began a recurring role as Melissa Hastings in the ABC Family mystery drama series Pretty Little Liars based on Sara Shepard's book series of the same name.In 2017, Samantha Simon of InStyle wrote that "for <mask> <mask>, playing super-sketchy Melissa Hastings on Pretty Little Liars wasn’t exactly a challenge. Because, despite the seemingly endless web of lies surrounding the eldest Hastings sister on the show, it all looks like child’s play compared to DeVitto’s other unforgettable role as psychotic Nanny Carrie on One Tree Hill." She played Nina in the horror film The Rite (2011) alongside Anthony Hopkins, Alice Braga and Colin O'Donoghue. It received favorable reviews from critics and grossed over $97 million at the worldwide box office. In November 2011, <mask> was confirmed to have a recurring role in The CW fantasy drama series The Vampire Diaries as Dr. Meredith Fell, who is fascinated by Alaric Saltzman (Matthew Davis), when she notices how quickly he recovers from an injury. She portrayed Margo in the comedy-drama film Cheesecake Casserole (2012), released on July 3, 2012. In November 2012, it was reported that she had signed on to star as Maggie Hall in the seventh season of the Lifetime drama series Army Wives.Maggie Hall is a mother of two and former soldier who moves to Fort Marshall with her family. On September 24, 2013, Lifetime announced the show's cancellation, it honored the show with a two-hour retrospective special with the cast members which aired in 2014. She had a lead role as Jennie Stanton in the Hallmark Channel television film Best Christmas Party Ever in 2014.In August 2015, DeVitto signed on to star in the NBC medical drama series Chicago Med. She was cast as Dr. Natalie Manning, the ED pediatrician. She has also appeared as Dr. Natalie Manning in Chicago P.D. and Chicago Fire. <mask>'s character exited the show after six years in the season 6 finale.“All good things must come to an end. It has been such an honor and pure joy to bring Dr. Natalie Manning to life for all of you on Chicago Med for the past 6 seasons. But it is now time for me and her to bow out and say goodbye," she wrote on Instagram. She portrayed Angie in the psychological thriller The Hoaxing (2018), a short film that she also helped produce. In 2019, she started producing a documentary film, Saving Daisy that follows Daisy Coleman’s journey of healing from lifelong trauma and PTSD. She starred in Hallmark Channel's television film Write Before Christmas (2019) alongside Chad Michael Murray. The film centers around Jessica, portrayed by DeVitto, who sends Christmas cards to five people who have impacted her life.The New York Times placed the film on its list of "Five Holiday Movies Worth Bingeing This Season". She played Cathy in the thriller film Divertimento (2020) alongside Kellan Lutz and Ola Rapace. The film won four awards, including "Best Ensemble" at the Seattle Film Festival in 2021. On August 31, 2021, Deadline announced that <mask> had joined the cast of Hallmark Movies & Mysteries film called The Christmas Promise alongside Dylan Bruce and Patrick Duffy. Production began in early September in Vancouver, Canada. In the film, DeVitto stars as Nicole, a woman dealing with grief with help from her grandfather and a carpenter she hires to help renovate her home. The film premiered on October 30, 2021 and aired again during Hallmark's popular countdown to Christmas.Public image
DeVitto's style has earned noteworthy praise from periodicals such as Us Weekly. She was named one of Us Weekly’s Most Stylish New Yorkers of 2018. DeVitto has been featured in several fashion blogs and magazines such as Cliché Magazine, Miami Living, Bello, CVLUX, Most Magazine, Crookes Magazine and Obscurae. She also modeled for TV Guide, That Magazine and Chicago Splash. She has frequently worn vegan fashion and her favorite vegan clothing is designed by Stella McCartney, Matt and Nat, Cri de Couer, Bourgeois Boheme and Good Guys Don't Wear Leather. DeVitto has developed an online and social media presence and endorses products such as beauty and wellness products on Instagram. She has partnered with several brands such as FabFitFun beauty subscription box.She has used Instagram as a platform to raise awareness of current topics and her charitable causes such as sexual trafficking, hospice, racism and Black Lives Matter movement. Philanthropy and activism

DeVitto dedicates much of her time to philanthropy and notably supports various charities. She has been A Hospice Ambassador for the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization since 2011. In 2013, she received National Hospice Foundation's Buchwald Spirit Award for Public Awareness. While filming for television series Chicago Med in Chicago, she works with Rainbow Hospice. DeVitto has been particularly involved in hospice care, saying "The notion that 'No one dies alone' was so beautiful to me and one I knew I needed to be a part of. There is no difference to me helping those coming into this world and those going out.It is equally important and should be treated as such. End of life care is something I will always be involved with." She has also dedicated her time to organizations including IMAlive, Kindred Foundation for Adoption, Elton John AIDS Foundation, Maddie's Fund and The Humane Society. She designed a shirt to raise money for suicide prevention organization IMAlive, which hosts a live online crisis chat. She hosted a screening of the Hospice Foundation's first documentary, Okuyamba, at UCLA’s James Bridges Theatre in 2012. DeVitto was part of the Hospice Foundation’s documentary film crew that spent three and a half weeks of filming in Uganda, Kenya and South Sudan. She is the narrator of the documentary film titled Road to Hope (2015) that follows palliative care nurses in Uganda and the challenges they face in bringing comfort to those in the country's remote villages.An animal rights advocate, DeVitto has two rescued dogs, Beau and Homie, and partnered with the Shelter Pet Project to promote adoption. In 2016, she teamed up with HSUS and their Be Cruelty-Free campaign. She declared herself "vegan in my fashion and vegetarian in my food". In other charitable endeavors, she performed with Erik Nye at the New Horizons Havana Nights Gala in April 2015. DeVitto has worked alongside the National Alliance on Mental Illness to raise awareness for Mental Health Month in May. She also joined NAMI to share her own story and the importance of living stigma-free of mental illnesses. She is a member of the Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network's National Leadership Council (NLC), which is a group of dedicated individuals who are committed to RAINN's mission of supporting survivors and ending sexual violence.In August 2019, DeVitto announced that she became an official board member of SafeBae. In 2020, she teamed up with The Tote Project to launch a "Free to Blossom x Torrey DeVitto Pouch," made from recycled saris by sex trafficking victims in India. Glamour placed it on its list of "35 Eco-Friendly Gifts That Do Right by Mother Earth." A portion of each sale was donated to SafeBae, which works to prevent sexual assault among teens. On November 18, 2021, DeVitto visited South Kingstown High School as part of a tour of several schools in Rhode Island on behalf of SafeBae. She talked to students about the dangers of sexual assault and held a presentation about sexual assault prevention. Personal life
DeVitto began dating her Killer Movie co-star Paul Wesley in 2007, and they married in a private ceremony in April 2011.<mask> and Wesley filed for divorce in July 2013 after two years of marriage, with their divorce finalized in December 2013. DeVitto was in a two-year relationship with comedian Rick Glassman from 2014 to 2016. She dated Artem Chigvintsev from 2016 to 2017, and Jesse Lee Soffer from August 2018 to May 2019. DeVitto confirmed her relationship with Will Estes in October 2020. As of May 2021, DeVitto is in a relationship with Chicago Cubs manager David Ross. She is good friends with actress Arielle Kebbel, who was also raised in Winter Park, Florida. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1984 births
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century violinists
Actresses from Florida
Actresses from New York (state)
American female models
American film actresses
American people of Italian descent
American television actresses
American violinists
Female models from Florida
Female models from New York (state)
Living people
Musicians from Florida
Musicians from New York (state)
People from Huntington, New York
People from Winter Park, Florida
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Winter Park High School alumni
Women violinists

masks:
Torrey Joël DeVitto
Torrey
Liberty DeVitto
DeVitto
Torrey
DeVitto
DeVitto
DeVitto
DeVitto
DeVitto


title: Arthur Ted Powell

texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (born 1947) is a British-born advertising art director, landscape/cityscape artist and printmaker living in Melbourne Australia. In 1999, he conceived and directed Ford Global Anthem, the Ford Motor Company's first global television advertising campaign. At the beginning of the 21st century, the commercial was believed to be the world's biggest advertisement. Early life and education

<mask> was born and raised in Neasden, a working-class suburb of London, the only son of an electrical engineer and his wife, a box assembler at National Cash Register (NCR) in Brent Cross. He was educated at John Kelly Boys' Technology College (now Crest Boys' Academy) in Neasden. <mask> studied Fine Art and Advertising Design at Ealing Art College in West London from 1963 to 1968. He was a student in Roy Ascott's experimental 'Groundcourse', a method as influential as it was unorthodox in its approach to teaching art.The radical curricula and behaviourist experiments at Ealing between 1961 and 1964 made it one of the most controversial art courses in the history of British art education. While <mask> was a student at Ealing, he worked part-time as a cel painter on the 90-minute Beatles' animated movie Yellow Submarine (1968), designed by Heinz Edelmann and directed by George Dunning. He was one of 'a team of mostly young, unsung artists [who] toiled away in rinky-dink offices in Soho Square, London, for nearly a year' 'working long …. shifts in the ink and paint department.' He mostly painted cels for Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and Nowhere Man sequences. Work
After graduating, <mask> worked as an advertising art director at Leo Burnett Worldwide London. In 1976, he migrated to Australia and was employed at various agencies in Melbourne, including the local office of US-based advertising agency JWT (J Walter Thompson) and later regional offices in Auckland, Taipei, Detroit, London and Bangkok.He returned to Melbourne in 2004 to paint full-time. Advertising

In advertising, <mask> is notable for conceiving and directing Ford Global Anthem (advertisement 1999) for Ford Motor Company in 1999. At the time, it was believed to be one of the biggest commercial productions in US advertising history, and one of the most widespread use of one commercial at one time by a giant advertiser. It was recorded as the world's first global media roadblock in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1999. In his spare time after work and on weekends, he recorded life on the streets and city skylines from apartment and hotel rooftops in major cities in Australasia, Europe and America where he lived, visited and worked in artists sketchbooks. The sketches would become visual reference for future cityscape paintings. Art

Major themes and styles
Australia from an outsider's view became a major theme in his landscapes and cityscapes.His early style was representational and later became more experimental and abstracted. Landscapes
At the time, <mask>'s work was strongly influenced by two well-known Australian landscape artists. The first was Australian painter and printmaker Fred Williams (1927–1982) who <mask> never met and whose method he adopted of reworking the same motif a number of times in different mediums and over a number of years. The other was Clifton Pugh AO (1924–1990) who <mask> accompanied on a three-week painting trip to the Kimberley Ranges in Western Australia in 1989. It was under Pugh's influence and tutelage he first painted the unique landscape of Outback Australia. In 2005, he went back to the Kimberley Ranges to camp and paint the landscape for three weeks and find a new direction for his art. Installation and portraiture
Between 2007 and 2009, his focus shifted from landscapes to more social and political themes across a variety of mediums, genres and styles, including portraiture and installation.White Trash was a multimedia installation created out of discarded factory-made household objects found on the streets near his home and studio over a three-week period in 2007, and was part of a group exhibition on the theme of 'Contamination' (2007) at Gasworks Arts Park, Albert Park, Victoria. The title of the work was a verbal pun on the environmental havoc caused by predominantly 'white' Australians discarding unwanted household items in suburban streets. When asked if the assemblage of white and white painted found objects, including an old car bonnet, bedheads, cigarettes and discarded electrical items was a work of art, <mask> described it as more of an expression of an appalling sense of waste in contemporary consumer society. When the exhibition ended, the installation was disassembled and the objects taken to the council waste facility in nearby Port Melbourne for disposal. A private commission of fifteen paintings on the theme of endangered forests in Australia for a prominent Riverina winery in 2006 sparked an interest in conservation, and concern about the impact excessive logging, road building and too frequent burning off was having on native animals. This culminated in a joint exhibition of animal portraits, titled Poetic Fauna, in 2009 with fellow Briton, writer and poet Bryan S. Cooper. As migrants to Australia in the 1970s, their view was that most animals unique to Australia were either cherished as national symbols or considered dangerous and generally treated badly by humans.The poems that accompanied the paintings, sketches and mono prints used the 'voice' of the animals themselves as a form of protest against their treatment. Cityscapes
The city of Melbourne had a profound effect on <mask>'s work and became the primary motif from 2009 onwards. His first urban landscapes or cityscapes were of Melbourne, and mostly around the industrial area near the Westgate Bridge that spans the Yarra River linking the east to the west of the city. Fred Williams had produced a group of four large strip format gouache-on-paper paintings called the West Gate Bridge series showing the half-constructed bridge in 1970, and had planned to paint the length of the river but he lost heart in the project after a section of the bridge collapsed on 15 October 1970, while it was still under construction, killing thirty-five workers. The story of the collapse was far from fading in people's memory forty years on and <mask> saw the anniversary as an opportunity to present the iconic bridge in new light. Maps had been a recurring theme in <mask>'s work since his art school days at Ealing Art College. In the mid-Sixties, they took the form of diagrams and maps that bore some semblance to 'mind maps' and structural systems that figured in Roy Ascott's teaching.In paintings exhibited between 2011 and 2018, <mask> re-imagined his adopted hometown using grid-like structures and abstract shapes that resembled maps. It had been announced in the local news media that Melbourne was set to become Australia's biggest city by 2035 years and <mask> felt a sense of urgency to capture the visual essence of the city footprint as the city grew and evolved. In these works he tilted Melbourne's urban landscape full against the picture plane in a style reminiscent of not only his early student work but indigenous Australian art. He abstracted the city footprint further by superimposing the imprint of the street grid system first laid down by colonial surveyor and artist Robert Hoddle (1794–1881) in the 19th century over familiar landmarks created by later generations of town planners and architects, construction workers and engineers. Urban sketches
<mask> placed great importance on drawing and produced many preparatory sketches and drawings for later works in panorama sketchbooks and long concertina notebooks at his studio, on the streets and in cafes near his inner city home and in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand where he had lived, using simple drawing tools and palette. Sketchbooks tracing the development along the Port Phillip Bay foreshore and capturing the precise layout of the streets of South Melbourne, Port Melbourne and Albert Park are part of the City of Port Phillip Collection. Sketchbooks of Melbourne are also held in the State Library of Victoria's rare books collection
and City of Melbourne collection.Documentary films featuring <mask> <mask>

Artscape: Artists At Work  – Gasworks, 30 minutes, ABC1, aired 19 August 2008. Filmed over 6 weeks, the documentary gives a glimpse inside <mask>’s studio and working life and other artists in the arts precinct where he worked. Charity work

In 1983, <mask> volunteered as a firefighter in the Otway Ranges in Victoria during the Ash Wednesday bushfires, the deadliest bushfire in Australian history (until the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009). He donated a painting to be auctioned at the Art for Life bush fire appeal, at the Melbourne Town Hall in 2009 to raise money for the rebuilding of communities tragically affected by the recent bushfires. <mask> donated paintings to various charities, including the Lighthouse Charity Trust for their Annual Lighthouse Art Auction at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) in 2010. The proceeds from his paintings and others donated by colleagues respected and prominent in advertising and art helped Lighthouse continue to care for young people in need. References

Living people
1947 births
Artists from Melbourne
Artists from London

masks:
Arthur Edward (
Ted
) Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Arthur Ted
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell


title: Paul Cayard

texts:
<mask> (born May 19, 1959) is an American yachtsman and professional sailor. He has competed at multiple world championship level sailing events, including the America's Cup, the Whitbread Round the World Race, the Volvo Ocean Race and the Olympic Games. In 1998 he was selected as the US Rolex Yachtsmen of the Year. He has won seven world championships, twice participated in the Olympic Games and seven times in the America's Cup. In 2011 he was elected into the US Sailing Hall of Fame. Biography
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California. He began sailing in 1967, at the age of eight.He graduated in 1981, with a degree in Business Management from San Francisco State University. He speaks three languages: English, French and Italian. He enjoys flying and holds a pilots certification with instrument rating for single engine aircraft. Of all his sailing accomplishments, he counts his 1988 Star Class World Championship as his most prized victory. Currently, Cayard serves as Chairman of the Board for St. Francis Yacht Club where he served as Chairman of Finance in 2018. He is an ambassador for the One Ocean Foundation and Vice President of the International Star Class. He is also a member of the US Olympic Sailing Committee.Cayard is a member of four international yacht clubs; St. Francis Yacht Club, San Francisco Yacht Club, Yacht Club Costa Smeralda and Yacht Club de Monaco. Sailing career
From an early age Cayard showed great promise as a sailor and by his early teens was successfully sailing high performance dinghies such as the International 505 and Laser. As Cayard grew and became more proficient in sailing, he gained the notice of Tom Blackaller who invited Cayard to crew for him on his Star class sailboat. Blackaller would become an influential mentor and the Star Class would become a lifelong passion for Cayard. In 1984, Cayard was selected as an alternate in the Olympic Games for the USA sailing team. Sailing in the Star Class, he won the silver medal at the pre-Olympic regatta in 2003, going on to finish 5th at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games in Athens. Cayard has competed in a broad range of ocean racing events with an impressive record.He won the 1994 Kenwood Cup, the 1994 and 1996 Sardinia Cup and the 1995 Admirals Cup. His top achievement in this arena was becoming the first American to win the Whitbread Round the World in 1997-1998 as skipper of EF Language. He beat out ten other yachts for the prize over a course of 32,000 miles (51,500 km). In 2005-2006, Cayard competed in the Volvo Ocean Race as skipper of the Pirates of the Caribbean syndicate sponsored by The Walt Disney Company in reference to the movie of the same name. Cayard Sailing Inc. managed the team which won the final leg into Gothenburg to finish the overall race in 2nd place. In 2007, <mask> and Russell Coutts announced the launch of the World Sailing League in partnership with internationally renowned Portuguese sports promoter, João Lagos. The World Sailing League (WSL) was to have been held at premier sailing locations around the world with the series winner receiving $2 million in prize money.In 2009, Cayard joined Artemis Racing owned by Torbjörn Törnqvist. Cayard was the Skipper of the Louis Vuitton Trophy team and Tactician onboard TP52 Artemis (www.artemisracing.com). Artemis Racing became the Challenger of Record for the 34th America's Cup in 2010 and Cayard was CEO. America's Cup
Cayard's first America's Cup was in 1983 aboard Tom Blackaller's Defender as a jib trimmer. Defender finished third in the defender selection series. For the 1987 America's Cup series, Cayard moved up to tactician and alternate helmsman on Blackaller's new boat USA, which lost out to Dennis Conner's Stars & Stripes for the right to challenge for the cup. For the 1992 America's Cup, Cayard was manager and skipper of Il Moro di Venezia from Italy, a syndicate backed by Raul Gardini.In 1991, he won the first ever International America's Cup Class world championship. Over the months long challenger selection series, <mask>'s team beat out seven other teams from six other countries to win the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup and gain the right to challenge for the America's Cup. Part of the challenge included protests where Cayard successfully protested the employment of a bowsprit on the New Zealand challenge. Though Il Moro di Venezia was outclassed in the America's Cup races by the faster America³, Cayard's expertise in sailing provided some memorable moments. In the second race of the series, his yacht won the start and maintained a small lead for the entire race. He employed classic match racing tactics throughout the race and at the downwind finish managed to beat America³ by three seconds, producing what was at the time the smallest winning margin in America's Cup history. Il Moro however, went on to lose this series 4–1.In 1995, Cayard joined an American effort for the America's Cup with Team Dennis Conner Stars & Stripes as primary helmsman. Though Stars & Stripes was noticeably slower than other boats on the defender series, the syndicate managed to win the 1995 Citizen Cup for the right to defend the Cup. In an unprecedented move, Team Dennis Conner decided to use the faster yacht Young America from the PACT 95 syndicate to defend the Cup. Cayard and this syndicate ended up losing the Cup 5–0 to Team New Zealand, who had won the 1995 Louis Vuitton Cup. With the change in venue and hemisphere for the Cup, the next America's Cup was not held until 2000. For the 2000 America's Cup, Cayard formed his own syndicate with backing from a number of sponsors and named it AmericaOne. The sponsoring yacht club was St. Francis Yacht Club of San Francisco.This syndicate competed against 14 challengers from 10 nations for the right to challenge for the Cup. AmericaOne reached the finals of the 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup racing against Prada for the right to challenge against Team New Zealand for the 2000 America's Cup. The final over the best of nine races was hotly contested, with neither yacht ever winning by more than two minutes. Prada won the first race, and AmericaOne the second. Prada went on to win the next two races, putting AmericaOne at a 3-1 disadvantage. AmericaOne then proceeded to win the next three races in a row and appeared on the brink of winning the Louis Vuitton Cup. However, equipment fatigue and failure proved decisive, several spinnakers were blown out, and Prada ended up winning the next two races and the series, 5–4, earning the right to challenge for the Cup.Prada ultimately lost in the America's Cup, 5–0 to the defender Team New Zealand. Following the conclusion of the 2000 America's Cup, Cayard recommended to the AmericaOne syndicate board of trustees that the syndicate should not compete for the 2003 America's Cup, citing significant financial and recruiting obstacles. Assets of AmericaOne were eventually sold to Larry Ellison who founded the Oracle Racing syndicate, later joining forces with BMW Racing to form Oracle BMW Racing, with Cayard as skipper. Cayard later was moved out of the skipper position into an administrative position and ultimately left the syndicate. In March 2007, Cayard was involved in the 2007 America's Cup as Technical Advisor to Desafio Espanol 2007. Cayard also commentated on the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup and on the 2007 America's Cup for La7, the Italian broadcast rights holder. On 12 October 2007, Cayard announced that he was joining Desafio Espanol as Sports Director for the 33rd America's Cup.For the 33rd America's Cup, Cayard provided commentary for Eurosport and in 2009 joined Torbjorn Tornqvist's sailing on Artemis Racing for the TP52 and Louis Vuitton Trophy regattas. Cayard also helmed RC44 Katusha on the RC44 Championship Tour from 2010–2012. For the 34th America's Cup, Cayard was the CEO of Artemis Racing, the Challenger of Record. In 2020, <mask> was the first sailor to be inducted into the Class of 2020 for the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, (BASHOF)

Achievements

 Won the El Toro class North American championship in the under 18 category in 1975. Won the Star class world championship in 1988. Won the Maxi class world championship in 1988 aboard Il Moro di Venezia III. Won the 1989 One Ton class world championship.Won the 1991 50-foot world championship aboard Abracadabra in Japan. 1991 Yachting magazine Yachtsman of the Year. Won the Louis Vuitton Cup in 1992. 1992 Rothmans Yachtsman of the Year. Won the Citizens Cup in 1995 for the right to defend the America's Cup. Won 1994 and 1996 Sardinia Cup (ocean racing)
 Won 1994 Kenwood Cup (ocean racing)
 Won the 1995 Admiral's Cup (ocean racing)
 Won the 1996 International Level Class 40 world championship. Won the 1999 Steinlager Cup.Won the 1997/98 Whitbread Round the World Race (now known as the Volvo Ocean Race) as skipper of the Swedish entry EF Language. 1998 Rolex Yachtsman of the Year. Won 2002 IMS world championship in Capri, Italy. 2005-2006 Skippered 'Pirates of the Caribbean' in the Volvo Ocean Race, placing 2nd overall. Tactician on board John Kilroy's Samba Pa Ti, winner of the Farr 40 North American Championships 2004, US National Championships 2004, Pacific Coast Championships 2004, and West Coast Season Championships 2004. 2010 Became CEO of Artemis Racing, Challenger of Record for the 34th America's Cup, which is backed by Torbjörn Tornqvist. 2011 Inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in San Diego, CA.2018 Star World Championship, Bronze
 2019 Inducted into Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame

See also
 Italy at the America's Cup

References

 Record of world championships won
 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup finals results

External links

 Cayard Sailing website
  32nd America's Cup website

 Pirates of the Caribbean entry in the Volvo Ocean Race 2005-2006 website

 AmericaOne website

1959 births
American male sailors (sport)
Artemis Racing sailors
Living people
Oracle Racing sailors
Il Moro Challenge sailors
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Star
Star class world champions
US Sailor of the Year
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
1983 America's Cup sailors
1987 America's Cup sailors
1992 America's Cup sailors
1995 America's Cup sailors
2000 America's Cup sailors
2003 America's Cup sailors
2013 America's Cup sailors
World champions in sailing for the United States
San Francisco State University alumni
Olympic sailors of the United States

masks:
Paul Pierre Cayard
Paul Cayard
Paul Cayard
Cayard
Paul Cayard


title: Steven Mnuchin

texts:
<mask> ( ; born December 21, 1962) is an American investment banker and film producer who served as the 77th United States secretary of the treasury as part of the Cabinet of Donald Trump from 2017 to 2021. Previously, <mask> had been a hedge fund manager and investor. Upon graduating from Yale University in 1985, <mask> joined the investment bank Goldman Sachs where his father, <mask>, was a general partner. <mask> worked at Goldman Sachs for 17 years, eventually becoming its chief information officer. After he left Goldman Sachs in 2002, he worked for and founded several hedge funds and launched Dune Entertainment, a motion picture production company that financed several films for 20th Century Fox. <mask> was a member of Sears Holdings's Board of Directors from 2005 until December 2016, and prior to this, <mask> served on Kmart's Board of Directors. After Sears went bankrupt, the company that formerly owned it sued <mask> and ex-CEO Eddie Lampert for "asset stripping" during their tenure.During the financial crisis of 2007–2008, <mask> bought failed residential lender IndyMac. He changed the name to OneWest Bank and rebuilt the bank, then sold it to CIT Group in 2015. During his time as OneWest CEO and Chairman, the bank became embroiled in several lawsuits over questionable foreclosures. <mask> joined Trump's presidential campaign in 2016, and was named National Finance Chairman for the campaign. On February 13, 2017, <mask> was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Secretary of the Treasury by a vote of 53–47. As Secretary of the Treasury, <mask> supported the Trump tax cuts and the tax reform of 2017 and advocated reducing personal and corporate tax rates. In regard to regulatory policy, <mask> supported President Trump’s partial repeal of the Dodd–Frank Act, citing the complexity of the legislation.Early life and education
<mask> was born on December 21, 1962, in New York City, the second-youngest son in his family. <mask>'s family is Jewish. He is the son of Robert E<mask> of Washington, Connecticut, and Elaine Terner Cooper of New York. <mask> was a partner at Goldman Sachs in charge of equity trading and a member of the management committee. He is also the founder of an art gallery in New York City, the Mnuchin Gallery. <mask>'s great-grandfather, <mask>, a Russian-born diamond dealer who later resided in Belgium, emigrated to the U.S. in 1916. <mask> attended Riverdale Country School in New York City.He graduated from Yale University in 1985 with a bachelor's degree in economics. At Yale, <mask> was publisher of the Yale Daily News, and was also initiated into Skull and Bones in 1985. While a student at Yale, <mask> drove a Porsche and lived at New Haven's Taft Hotel. <mask>'s first job was as a trainee at investment bank Salomon Brothers in the early 1980s, while still studying at Yale. Finance and banking career

Goldman Sachs
<mask> graduated from Yale in 1985 and started working for Goldman Sachs, where his father had been employed since 1957. <mask> started in the mortgage department, and became a partner at Goldman in 1994. Until he left the company in 2002, <mask> held the following positions as a partner:
 November 1994 – December 1998: Head of the Mortgage Securities Department
 December 1998 – November 1999: Overseeing mortgages, U.S. governments, money markets, and municipals at Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Division
 December 1999 – February 2001: Member of the Executive Committee and co-head of the Technology Operating Committee
 February 2001 – December 2001: Executive Vice President and co-chief information officer
 December 2001 – 2002: Executive vice president, member of the Management Committee, and chief information officer

<mask> left Goldman Sachs in 2002 after 17 years of employment, with an estimated $46 million of company stock and $12.6 million in compensation that he received in the months prior to his departure.Hedge funds
After he left Goldman Sachs in 2002, <mask> briefly worked as vice-chairman of hedge fund ESL Investments, which is owned by his Yale roommate Edward Lampert. From 2003 to 2004 he worked as Chief Executive Officer at SFM Capital Management, a fund backed by George Soros. <mask> founded a hedge fund called Dune Capital Management, named for a spot near his house in The Hamptons, in 2004 with two former Goldman partners. After its founding, <mask> served as the CEO of the company. The firm invested in at least two Donald Trump projects, the Trump International Hotel and Tower in Honolulu and its namesake in Chicago. Dune Capital Management and other lenders to the skyscraper in Chicago were sued by Trump before a settlement was reached. <mask> was outbid by Lone Star Funds on a portfolio of residential mortgage-backed collateralized debt obligations being sold by Merrill Lynch during the financial crisis, which sold for $6.7 billion.<mask> has been criticized for his use of offshore entities for investment purposes as a hedge-fund manager, which is a common practice in the industry. <mask> has stated: "In no way did I use [offshore entities] to avoid U.S. taxes." OneWest

Purchase of IndyMac and other loan portfolios
In 2009, a group led by <mask> bought California-based residential lender IndyMac, which had been in receivership by the FDIC and owned $23.5 billion in commercial loans, mortgages, and mortgage-backed securities. The purchase price was a $4.7 billion discount to its book value. Mnuchin's investment group included George Soros, hedge-fund manager John Paulson, former Goldman Sachs executive J. Christopher Flowers, and Dell Computer founder Michael Dell. The FDIC agreed to retain some of the more problematic assets of the bank, and signed a loss-sharing agreement.The FDIC was estimated to be required to pay $2.4 billion to IndyMac under the shared loss agreement. After purchasing IndyMac, renamed OneWest Bank, <mask> moved into a 20,000 square foot house in Bel Air to begin his tenure as CEO and chairman. OneWest then bought several other failed banks including First Federal Bank of California in 2009 and La Jolla Bank in 2010. Furthermore, OneWest bought a portfolio belonging to Citi Holdings for $1.4 billion. OneWest was profitable one year after <mask> had bought it, and it became the largest bank of Southern California, with assets worth $27 billion. Sale to CIT
In 2015, <mask> sold OneWest to CIT Group for $3.4 billion. After the acquisition by CIT, <mask> remained at OneWest, and became a member of CIT Group's board of directors.As of August 2016, <mask> owned $97 million in CIT Group stock, most of which he had received in exchange for his stake in OneWest. On December 2, 2016, <mask> resigned from the board of directors of CIT as a result of his selection as nominee for Secretary of the Treasury. Foreclosures
OneWest was criticized for aggressively foreclosing on homeowners. In the five years following <mask>'s acquisition of OneWest, the bank foreclosed on 36,000 homes in California, leading local activists to begin calling <mask> "the foreclosure king." The high foreclosure rate might have been a result of the loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC had to reimburse OneWest for losses. According to The New York Times, OneWest "was involved in a string of lawsuits over questionable foreclosures, and settled several cases for millions of dollars". Because of these foreclosures, around 100 protesters of Occupy Los Angeles gathered outside <mask>'s home in October 2011 and held signs that read "Make Banks Pay".Two California fair-housing groups filed complaints to the federal government alleging that OneWest had violated the Fair Housing Act by not lending money to African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. In November 2016, after OneWest was sold to CIT, the California Reinvestment Coalition submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to learn more about CIT's reverse mortgage subsidiary, Financial Freedom. According to the HUD's response, CIT/Financial Freedom foreclosed on 16,220 federally insured reverse mortgages from April 2009 to April 2016. This represented about 39% of all federally insured reverse mortgage foreclosures during that time. CRC estimated that Financial Freedom serviced only about 17% of the market and thus was foreclosing more than twice as often as its competitors. CIT Group disclosed to investors that it had received subpoenas from HUD's Office of the Inspector General in the third and fourth quarters of 2015. In November 2016, two non-profits filed a complaint with the Department of Housing and Urban Development, alleging redlining by OneWest Bank.In 2017 a leaked internal memo from the California attorney general's office was published, stating that the prosecutor's office had found more than a thousand violations of foreclosure law by OneWest during <mask>'s tenure. The prosecutor, Kamala Harris, had declined to file a civil enforcement suit. Liberty Strategic Capital
After Donald Trump lost the 2020 election, <mask> established an investment fund, Liberty Strategic Capital. The fund obtained funds from the Saudis, Emirati and Qatari sovereign wealth funds. According to the New York Times, "The scale of Mr. <mask>’s fund and its investments from countries where he traveled as Treasury secretary have raised questions about whether he used his government role to enrich himself." Film production career
In 2004, he founded Dune Entertainment as a side business, which was the financier of a number of large budget films, mostly for 20th Century Fox, including the X-Men film franchise and Avatar. In 2012, after Dune's deal with 20th Century Fox ended, <mask> teamed up with filmmaker Brett Ratner and Australian businessman James Packer to merge his Dune Entertainment company with Ratner and Packer's newly founded RatPac Entertainment joint venture; resulting in RatPac-Dune Entertainment, which then struck a financing deal with Warner Bros.Between 2013 and 2018, RatPac-Dune financed many films for Warner Bros., including American Sniper and Mad Max: Fury Road. <mask> was co-chairman of the trio's movie company, Relativity Media, but left seven months before it went bankrupt. A source close to the company said he had resigned because of the potential for a conflict of interest between his duties at Relativity and OneWest. He and other investors reportedly lost $80 million. Filmography

Politics

Donations
Before joining the presidential campaign of Donald Trump in 2016, <mask> had been involved in politics only by donating money to campaigns. Between 1995 and 2014, he donated over $120,000 to political organizations, PACs, politicians, and political parties. His contributions to candidates included 11 donations to Republicans and 36 donations to Democrats.The campaigns of Al Gore, Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Barack Obama, and Mitt Romney were among those to which he donated money. <mask> said most of those donations were favors for friends. Between June and September 2016, <mask> donated over $400,000 to the Republican Party, including donations to Paul Ryan and Donald Trump. Earlier in 2016, <mask> had donated $4,000 to Democrats Kamala Harris and Michael Wildes. 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump
<mask> was an early supporter of Trump, and attended his victory party after the New York Republican primary victory on April 19, 2016, for which he received a last-minute invitation. He was called the following day by Trump, who asked him if he wanted to be the national finance chairman of his campaign. <mask>, who later said in an interview he had known Trump "for over fifteen years", accepted the offer.In a statement announcing the appointment, Trump said: "<mask> is a professional at the highest level, with an extensive and very successful financial background." He also said <mask> would bring "unprecedented experience and expertise" that would benefit the Republican Party. After being appointed as the Trump campaign's main fundraiser, <mask> said: "It's a great privilege to be working with Mr. Trump to create a world-class finance organization to support the campaign in the General Election." <mask> worked with Republican National Committee counterpart Lewis Eisenberg on a late-developing joint operation for the committee and the Trump campaign. Before <mask>'s appointment, no large-scale fundraising operation had been started for the Trump campaign. The late-summer fundraising goal was close to $500 million. The New York Times described <mask>'s role during the campaign as "relatively behind the scenes", and the newspaper noticed he never "seemed to seek the spotlight".During an interview, <mask> said that because of his connection to the Trump campaign, "a lot of people in California and New York [...] wanted to stop being friends". After Trump won the election, he announced that <mask> would join the transition team on November 11. Political views
In a November 30, 2016, interview on CNBC, <mask> called it the Trump administration's job to "make sure that the average American has wage increases and good jobs". Furthermore, he said his priority was getting a sustained growth of GDP of 3% or 4%. He said in order to get there, "our number one priority is tax reform". <mask> said he would reduce corporate taxes to 15%, cut taxes for the middle class, and simplify the tax system. When asked about trade, he said he believed in trade deals with individual countries, as opposed to regional trade deals.<mask> said, "This president [...] is going to have open communication with business leaders", when asked about keeping jobs from being offshored to Mexico. During the interview, he also said he wants to "strip back parts of Dodd–Frank" because he argued it was too complicated, and it prevented banks from lending. He called the stripping back of Dodd–Frank "the number-one priority on the regulatory side". Secretary of the Treasury

Nomination and confirmation

On November 30, 2016, Donald Trump announced on his website that he would nominate <mask> as United States Secretary of the Treasury. In the statement, Trump called <mask> a "world-class financier, banker, and businessman", and he said <mask> played an important role in developing his "plan to build a dynamic, booming economy". <mask> himself said he was "honored to have the opportunity to serve our great country in this important role". He called Trump's economic agenda a "bold" one "that creates good-paying jobs and defends the American worker".On February 1, 2017, the Senate Finance Committee approved his nomination by a vote of 11–0 with all Democrats boycotting the vote, sending the nomination to the Senate floor. After the nomination was announced, <mask> resigned from his position on the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, to which he had donated between $100,000 and $250,000. When the pick was announced, <mask> was also a member of the boards of UCLA Health System, the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, and the Los Angeles Police Foundation. The New York Times noted that <mask>'s selection "fits uneasily with much of Mr. Trump's campaign attacks on the financial industry". For example, an ad of Trump's campaign said Goldman Sachs' CEO had "robbed [the] working class". <mask> is the third former Goldman-Sachs executive to serve in the job, after Hank Paulson, under President George W. Bush, and Robert Rubin, under President Bill Clinton, in the 2000s and 1990s, respectively. During his Senate confirmation hearing on January 19, 2017, <mask> was criticized by Democrats for OneWest's foreclose practices.<mask> said: "Since I was first nominated to serve as treasury secretary, I have been maligned as taking advantage of others' hardships in order to earn a buck. Nothing could be further from the truth". During the hearing, it was also noted that <mask> had failed to disclose $95 million of real estate that he owned and his role as director of Dune Capital International, an investment fund in a tax haven. <mask> described the omissions as mistakes made amid a mountain of bureaucracy. Following Trump's January 2017 announcement about an investigation into voter registration, it was discovered that <mask> is registered to vote in both California and New York. On February 13, 2017, <mask> was confirmed as secretary of the treasury by a vote of 53–47. He received unanimous support from Senate Republicans but from only one Senate Democrat, Joe Manchin of West Virginia.Tenure

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