title: Sunil Yapa

texts:
<mask> is a Sri Lankan American fiction writer and novelist. <mask> won the 2010 Hyphen Asian American Short Story Contest for his short story, "Pilgrims (What is Lost and You Cannot Regain)," which is also published in the Fall 2010 issue of Hyphen, Issue No. 21, the "New Legacy Issue." His debut novel, Your Heart is a Muscle the Size of a Fist (2016) was released on January 12, 2016 by Lee Boudreaux Books, an imprint of Little, Brown and Company. Background
The biracial son of a Sri Lankan father and a mother from Montana, <mask> grew up in central Pennsylvania and has traveled and lived in 48 US states and 35 countries, including Greece, Guatemala, Chile, Argentina, China, India, London, Montreal, and New York City. <mask> graduated from Penn State University in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economic Geography, for which he won the 2002 E.W. Miller Award for excellence in writing in the discipline.He briefly attended the University of Houston's Creative Writing MFA Program and the London Film School, where he wrote a feature film screenplay in a course taught by Ellis Freeman. He received his Master of Fine Arts (MFA) in Creative Writing/Fiction degree in 2010 from Hunter College in New York City, where he studied with Peter Carey, Nathan Englander, Claire Messud and Colum McCann. At Hunter College, Yapa received the 2008-2010 Alumni Scholarship & Welfare Fund Fellowship, a grant given to only one MFA fiction student every three years, and was twice selected as a Hertog Fellow, working as a research fellow and research assistant to Ben Marcus and to Zadie Smith. Yapa has also received scholarships from the New York State Summer Writers Institute, the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, The Norman Mailer Writers Colony in Provincetown, Massachusetts, and the University of Houston Presidential Fellowship. In 2009 and 2010, he was a Fiction Intern for Esquire magazine. In an interview with The Rumpus, <mask> states:

The first experience I ever had in a workshop was at VONA/Voices, the workshop for writers of color. I did it in San Francisco and it was an incredible experience.I studied with Chitra Divakaruni, and she encouraged me to apply to the University of Houston. [...] It was kind of a tough year. Houston was very much a literature program, and not reading for writers exactly, but reading from a critical perspective. I realized right away I didn’t want to do that. [...] I realized what kind of writer I was, and I don’t know, I love Faulkner, but I don’t wanna get into the themes of As I Lay Dying. I wanted to learn how to do multiple narrators. So I did a year there, I dropped out, I ended up at the London Film School for the summer.Then I went to New York State Summer Writers Institute and I met someone from Hunter. I’d never heard of Hunter. It was not really known at the time. Everything I said that I wanted in a program, she would tell me that’s what they had in Hunter. [...] I got in, and those guys, Peter Carey, Colum McCann, Claire Messud, Nathan Englander, all so talented, but with no ego. We all know talented writers don’t always apply to being good teachers, but they were incredible teachers. Writing

Short stories
<mask>'s short story, "Pilgrims (What Is Lost and You Cannot Regain)" won the 2010 Asian American Short Story Contest (or Hyphen Asian American Short Story Contest) sponsored by Hyphen magazine and the Asian American Writers' Workshop, the only national Pan-Asian American Writing Competition of its kind.The story is about a Sri Lankan couple named Asoka (wife) and Sanjay (husband) adjusting to life in an unnamed rural United States town, which they newly arrived in, where Asoka later meets an American farmer that rescues her from a fall on Thanksgiving Day, which changes her perspective on life. The story is also published in the Fall 2010 issue of Hyphen magazine, the "New Legacy Issue." Whiting Award-winning author Alexander Chee and Jaed Coffin, author of the memoir A Chant to Soothe Wild Elephants, were the judges, and the piece was called "a poignant story of anguish and reconciliation" in the announcement press release. "[The story] forces not only the Asian minority to reconcile his or her orientation to Anglo-dominant America, but also shows how dominant America has to reconcile its relationship to the Asian minority," Coffin said, continuing: "[i]n its final gorgeous pages, 'Pilgrims' opened a space for the discussion of what it means to be ethnic and American." Other short fiction pieces from Yapa have appeared in Pindeldyboz: Stories that Defy Classification such as "A Short Incident Involving a Boy, a Girl, Pigeons, and an Old Man with Advice" (Winter 2004). Other writing
His book reviews have also appeared in the Winter 2007 and Spring 2008 issues of The Multicultural Review. His interviews have been published in The Tottenville Review, and he has also been interviewed for topical articles in American Short Fiction.He has also contributed pieces to The Margins from the Asian American Writers' Workshop. Novels
<mask>'s debut novel, Your Heart is a Muscle the Size of a Fist (2016) was published on January 12, 2016 by Lee Boudreaux Books, an imprint of Little, Brown and Company. <mask> also appeared on the Late Night with Seth Meyers show along with other guests Eva Longoria and Jason Mantzoukas on  January 13, 2016 to promote the book. The novel is about a young man named Victor who gets involved in the turbulent backdrop of the 1999 Seattle WTO protests. The novel has also been named as "An Amazon Best Book of 2016," has been chosen as a Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers selection for the Winter of 2016, is one of Independent Bookseller's Debut Picks of the Season for Spring 2016, and an Indie Next Pick for January 2016. The novel has currently also received positive reviews from Publishers Weekly, Booklist, Library Journal (starred review), the Washington Post,  the Chicago Tribune, Entertainment Weekly, Flavorwire, Bustle, The Rumpus, and Bookpage. An excerpt from the novel also won second prize (and first prize in fiction) in The Miriam Weinberg Richter Memorial Award, a Hunter College writing competition judged by 2009 Impac Dublin winner Michael Thomas.Bibliography

Short stories
"Pilgrims (What Is Lost and You Cannot Regain)" (Hyphen Magazine, Fall 2010)
"A Short Incident Involving a Boy, a Girl, Pigeons, and an Old Man with Advice" (Pindeldyboz, Winter 2004)

Novels
Your Heart Is A Muscle The Size of a Fist (2016) (Lee Boudreaux Books)

External links
<mask> <mask>'s Official Site
The Rumpus Interview with <mask> Yapa
"Your Heart Is A Muscle The Size of A Fist" on Amazon
Pilgrims (What Is Lost and You Cannot Regain) at Hyphen Magazine
A Short Incident Involving a Boy, a Girl, Pigeons, and an Old Man with Advice at Pindeldyboz
<mask> Yapa Wins Hyphen/AAWW Short Story Contest

References

Living people
21st-century American novelists
American people of Sri Lankan descent
American male novelists
Hunter College alumni
American male short story writers
Sinhalese writers
21st-century American short story writers
PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction winners
21st-century American male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Sunil Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Yapa
Sunil
Yapa
Sunil
Sunil


title: Ian Gillan

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 19 August 1945) is an English singer and songwriter. He is the lead singer and lyricist for the rock band Deep Purple and is known for his powerful and wide-ranging singing voice. Initially influenced by Elvis Presley, Gillan started and fronted several local bands in the mid-1960s, and eventually joined Episode Six when their original singer left. He first found widespread commercial success after joining Deep Purple in 1969. He resigned from the band in June 1973, having given a lengthy notice period to their managers. After a short time away from the music business, he resumed his music career with solo bands the <mask>an Band and Gillan, before a year-long stint as the vocalist for Black Sabbath in 1983. The following year, Deep Purple reformed and two more successful albums followed before he left in 1989.He returned to the group in 1993, and has remained its lead singer ever since. In addition to his main work—performing with Deep Purple and other bands during the 1970s and 1980s—he sang the role of Jesus in the original recording of Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar (1970), performed in the charity supergroup Rock Aid Armenia, and engaged in a number of business investments and ventures, including a hotel, a motorcycle manufacturer, and music recording facilities at Kingsway Studios. More recently, he has performed solo concerts concurrently with his latter career in Deep Purple, and his work and affinity with Armenia, combined with his continued friendship with Tony Iommi since his brief time in Black Sabbath, has led him to form the supergroup WhoCares with Iommi. His solo career outside of Deep Purple was given a comprehensive overview with the Gillan's Inn box set in 2006. Early life
Gillan was born on 19 August 1945 at Chiswick Maternity Hospital. His father, Bill, was a storekeeper at a factory in London, who came from Govan, Glasgow and left school at 13, while his mother, Audrey, came from a family where she was the eldest of four children, who all enjoyed music and singing, and whose father had been an opera singer and amateur pianist. His sister, Pauline, was born in 1948.One of <mask>'s earliest musical memories was of his mother playing "Blue Rondo à la Turk" on the piano. He grew up moving between council flats before settling in a three-bedroom semi-detached on a council estate in Cranford, Middlesex. He was fond of animals in his early life, and enjoyed reading Dan Dare comic strips. His parents separated after Audrey discovered Bill had had an affair that started while he was stationed in the army during World War II. He began attending Hounslow College and stayed there through his early teenage years. He was influenced by Elvis Presley by hearing his records at home and at the local youth club. <mask> briefly attended Acton County Grammar School (now Acton High School) to take his O Levels but became distracted from studies after leaving the local cinema having watched a Presley film, deciding that he wanted to be a movie actor.He subsequently took a job manufacturing ice machines in Hounslow. Career

Early years
<mask>'s first attempt at a band was called Garth Rockett and the Moonshiners, and consisted of himself on vocals and drums, alongside guitarist Chris Aylmer, who later went on to work with Bruce Dickinson. The band covered songs such as Tommy Roe's "Sheila" and The Shadows' "Apache". He discovered he couldn't sing and play drums at the same time, so settled on the role of lead vocalist, performing regularly at St Dunstan's Hall, the local youth club. He soon switched to another local band who also played at Dunstan's Hall, Ronnie and the Hightones, who renamed themselves as the Javelins after he joined. The band played covers of Sonny Boy Williamson, Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard, and were early customers of then-local music shop owner Jim Marshall. The Javelins disbanded in March 1964, with guitarist Gordon Fairminer leaving to join what eventually became the group Sweet.After the Javelins, Gillan joined a soul band, Wainwright's Gentlemen, which included another future Sweet member, drummer Mick Tucker. The band recorded a number of tracks including a cover of The Hollies hit "Ain't That Just Like Me". Although the band played several local popular music venues, they did not find success, so in April 1965, he decided to join Hatch End-based Episode Six. Episode Six

Gillan had been contacted by Episode Six's manager Gloria Bristow, who worked for Helmut Gordon, original manager of The Detours, later to become the Who. He replaced original lead singer Andy Ross, who left to get married, and joined keyboardist and singer Sheila Carter, guitarists Graham Carter and Tony Lander, bassist Roger Glover and drummer Harvey Shields. Gillan considers Episode Six to be his first truly professional band, and in their early days they were sponsored and championed by Tony Blackburn, who occasionally accompanied Gillan on stage. Later, as well as performing concerts in the UK, Episode Six also toured Germany and Beirut, and had regular appearances on the BBC Light Programme.During his time with Episode Six, <mask> began writing songs together with Glover, forming an ultimately long-lasting partnership. After a strained tour of Beirut, Shields left the band and was replaced first by John Kerrison, then by Mick Underwood. Underwood had previously played in The Outlaws with Ritchie Blackmore, and it was via him that <mask> knew about Deep Purple. By 1969, after having released nine singles, none of which charted in the UK, and finding their style of music too restrictive for him, he decided to leave Episode Six. Deep Purple, 1969–1973

By spring 1969, Deep Purple had had a top 5 US hit with "Hush", but the band, particularly Ritchie Blackmore, Jon Lord and <mask>, decided their future lay in hard rock, rather than the psychedelic pop sound of the early band. In June 1969, Blackmore, Lord and Paice went to see Episode Six perform at a pub gig and subsequently offered <mask> the job as new lead singer, asking him if he also knew any good bassists. Since Glover was by this point a reasonably experienced songwriter, he was also recruited.They were both accepted into the band on 16 June 1969, replacing singer Rod Evans and bassist Nick Simper respectively. The old line up of Deep Purple continued to do several concerts until the end of The Book of Taliesyn Tour. Evans and Simper were both fired by managers Tony Edwards and John Colletta after the last show of that tour, which was at the Top Rank Club in Cardiff on 4 July. <mask> made his first onstage appearance with Deep Purple at the Speakeasy in London's West End on 10 July. As the band had only been rehearsing for a few weeks, they relied on older instrumentals such as "Wring That Neck" and "Mandrake Root" to fill in a set. Unsure of what to do, Gillan found a pair of congas onstage, and decided to play them during these instrumental sections. Deep Purple Mk.II continued rehearsing at Hanwell Community Centre.One of <mask>'s first contributions to the band during these rehearsals was the vocal melody and lyrics to "Child in Time". At Hanwell, the band wrote what would eventually become most of In Rock during 1969, though they were interrupted in September to perform Lord's Concerto for Group and Orchestra, a one-off performance in September at the Royal Albert Hall with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. <mask>, along with Blackmore, was initially unhappy at having to perform the concerto, and wrote the lyrics to the second movement on the afternoon of the performance on a napkin in an Italian restaurant. In 1970, Gillan received a call from Tim Rice, asking him to perform the part of Jesus on the original 1970 album recording of Jesus Christ Superstar, having been impressed with his performance on "Child in Time". After rehearsing a few times with Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber, he recorded his entire vocal contributions in three hours. He was subsequently offered the lead role in the 1973 film adaptation. Gillan demanded to not only be paid £250,000 for his role in the movie, but also insisted, without the consent of his manager, that the entire band be paid because filming would conflict with a scheduled tour.The producers declined, instead casting Ted Neeley in the Jesus role, and <mask> continued on in the band. After 1971, particularly after the release of Fireball, <mask> started to become disillusioned with the workload of the band, who had not had any holiday since their initial rehearsals at Hanwell. He started drinking, and relationships between him and the rest of the band became strained, particularly with Blackmore. On 6 November 1971, he collapsed with hepatitis while waiting to board a plane in Chicago, cancelling the remainder of a US tour. By December 1972, having recorded Machine Head, Made in Japan and the yet to be released Who Do We Think We Are with Deep Purple, <mask> finally decided the workload had driven him to exhaustion. Unlike some band members, he was unhappy about Made in Japan, and disliked live albums in general. He tended to go into the studio after the rest of the band had recorded and finished the backing tracks, particularly for Who Do We Think We Are, to lay down his vocals separately.He had been continually at loggerheads with Blackmore, disagreeing about music regularly, which culminated in Gillan writing "Smooth Dancer" about him. While on tour in Dayton, Ohio, he sat down and wrote a resignation letter to the band's managers, stating he intended to leave the band, effective from 30 June 1973. After Deep Purple
After his departure from Deep Purple, <mask> retired from performing to pursue various unsuccessful business ventures. These included a £300,000 investment in a hotel near Oxford. A second was the Mantis Motor Cycles project, which suffered from the collapse of the British motorcycle industry in the mid-1970s, culminating in <mask> being forced to file for liquidation. A more successful opportunity, however, came with his investment in Kingsway Studios in 1974. This led to a live performance at the Butterfly Ball on 16 October 1974, replacing Ronnie James Dio at the last minute.<mask> Band

In 1975, <mask> formed the <mask>an Band with guitarist Ray Fenwick, keyboardist Mike Moran, quickly replaced with Mickey Lee Soule and then Colin Towns on keyboards, Mark Nauseef on drums and John Gustafson on bass. Their first album, Child in Time, was released in July 1976, followed by Clear Air Turbulence in April 1977 and Scarabus in October. The sound of the band had a distinct jazz-rock aspect which, although interesting to Gillan, proved commercially unsuccessful, particularly since punk rock was popular at the time. <mask>

<mask> then formed a new band, simply called Gillan, retaining Towns (who would co-write most of the material), and adding guitarist Steve Byrd, bassist John McCoy and drummer Pete Barnacle. Byrd and Barnacle were quickly replaced by Bernie Tormé and by former Episode Six bandmate Mick Underwood, after Gillan saw Torme playing with his punk trio. This band had a more high-powered hard rock sound, and the release of Mr. Universe in October 1979 saw <mask> back in the UK charts although the independent record company the album came out on – Acrobat Records – folded soon after the album was released, prompting a contract with Richard Branson's Virgin Records. In Christmas 1979 <mask> was visited by Blackmore, who offered him the position of lead vocalist in Rainbow.<mask> declined due to the smaller workload the band had compared to his own. However, the pair did jam together for three nights at Marquee Club – the first time the two men had shared a stage since 1973. <mask> continued releasing Glory Road in 1980, which resulted in the band making the first of several appearances on Top of the Pops. He considered the album to be his best work since Machine Head nearly a decade earlier. Following subsequent album Future Shock, Torme was fired after missing an appearance on Top of the Pops, and was replaced by Janick Gers. Gers appeared on the band's next two albums, Double Trouble and Magic. In 1982 <mask> announced the band would fold, as he needed to rest his damaged vocal cords.The rest of the band Gillan, particularly McCoy and Towns, were not happy at the sudden disbanding of the group so soon after the success of Magic, and sued Gillan for royalties. Black

masks:
Ian Gillan
Ian Gill
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian
Ian Paice
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gill
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan


title: Ian Gillan

texts:
 Sabbath

In 1983, manager Don Arden invited Gillan to join Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler and Bill Ward, all founding members of Black Sabbath, to form a supergroup. Although the band had reservations, on 6 April 1983, it was formally announced that <mask> had replaced Ronnie James Dio in Sabbath. The group recorded Born Again at the Manor Studios in Oxfordshire. Ward recalled that he "didn't particularly like some of the lyrics that <mask> was bringing forward and putting into the songs. Not because <mask> doesn't write good lyrics or anything like that; I think <mask> is an excellent performer, great singer and often at times I think his lyrics can be quite brilliant. But I just have a personal difference in what I like to hear in the way of lyrics, and so I felt terribly disconnected."Citing health problems, Ward decided not to accompany the others during the subsequent tour, and was replaced by Bev Bevan. <mask> was required to learn Sabbath's old repertoire, but had difficulty remembering the words. His solution was to write the lyrics on a perspex folder and put it on the stage floor, turning the pages with his feet. Unfortunately dry ice on stage made it impossible to read the words, resulting in the audience catching glimpses of him peering over the microphone to sing a few lines and then disappearing below the dry ice to read the next set. Along with material from Born Again and older Sabbath numbers, the band regularly played Deep Purple's "Smoke on the Water" as an encore. Gillan decided that he could not have a long-term role as Black Sabbath's singer and quit the group after a second North American tour. Reunion of Deep Purple, 1984–89 and 1992–present

After the disappointment of Black Sabbath, Gillan joined a reunited Deep Purple in April 1984, announcing their comeback on Tommy Vance's radio show.The reformed band rehearsed in Stowe, Vermont and recorded the album Perfect Strangers which was followed by a highly successful world tour. Another studio album with this formation, The House of Blue Light followed in 1987 but Gillan was concerned with the final results, stating "There's something missing in the overall album. I can't feel the spirit of the band." This was followed by the live album Nobody's Perfect in 1988. The live album also featured a studio re-recording of the 1968 hit "Hush" with <mask> on vocals, to commemorate Deep Purple's 20th anniversary. (The original 1968 release had been sung by Rod Evans). Gillan later remarked that the album was "the embodiment of all the things wrong with Purple."In contrast to his experiences with Deep Purple in the 1970s, <mask> felt frustrated that the band were no longer working enough. To fulfill his contract with Virgin, he formed a side project with Glover, writing and recording songs which didn't fit Purple's established hard rock style, which resulted in the album Accidentally on Purpose. By 1989, tensions between <mask> and Blackmore had resurfaced, due to the former's greater enthusiasm for touring and differences over the music – the song "Mitzi Dupree" on The House of Blue Light is the original demo as Blackmore refused to re-record it. This culminated in Blackmore calling a rehearsal session without <mask>. After an acrimonious argument Glover told Gillan, "<mask> you've gone too far this time," and he was fired. <mask>, meanwhile, formed a new version of Garth Rockett and the Moonshiners with keyboardist Mark Buckle, bassist Keith Mulholland, drummer Louis Rosenthal and guitarists Harry Shaw and Steve Morris. The band toured regularly through 1989, and recorded the album Naked Thunder.<mask> later expressed dissatisfaction with the album, calling it "rather hum-de-dum". During this time, <mask> also made an appearance on a re-recording of "Smoke on the Water" with Rock Aid Armenia, consisting of himself with Bryan Adams, Tony Iommi, David Gilmour, Roger Taylor, Brian May, Bruce Dickinson and Paul Rodgers as a charity record for aid relief in Armenia following the then-recent earthquake. He continued to tour with his solo band, albeit with several line-up changes throughout Europe, the US and Russia. At the urging of Glover, Lord and Paice, who wanted him in the fold for the band's 25th anniversary tour, <mask> rejoined Deep Purple in 1992 to record the album The Battle Rages On. <mask> was unhappy with working on the album, as it had already been partially completed with Joe Lynn Turner, and he was only required to write replacement lyrics and vocal melodies, which, unsurprisingly, drew criticism from Blackmore. Blackmore left Deep Purple after the European tour promoting the album in 1993. <mask> and Blackmore subsequently repaired their relationship with each other.<mask> was especially enthusiastic about carrying on after Blackmore's departure, and after a brief stint with Joe Satriani, Deep Purple recruited Dixie Dregs/Kansas guitarist Steve Morse. He was keen to make changes to the live set immediately, adding the then-seldom played "Maybe I'm a Leo" (named after <mask>'s birth sign) and "When a Blind Man Cries" – the latter becoming a mainstay in the band's setlist ever since. He said that their first album with Morse, Purpendicular, "was a such important record for Deep Purple that without that [other records] couldn't have been possible." He has remained Purple's lead singer, though the band has found more success touring than with producing records. Gillan pays particular interest to the lyrics in Deep Purple and considers it his prime composing role within the band. Discussing the importance of lyrics, he said "Words have to sound good. They have to sound like an instrument, they have to have the right percussive value."He described the words of 2003's Bananas as "politics mostly." Later solo activity
Though Gillan has kept touring with Deep Purple regularly since 1994, he has found time to commit to other projects. On 31 March 2006 <mask> appeared at the Tommy Vance tribute concert in London. He was accompanied by Roger Glover, Steve Morris, Dean Howard, Michael Lee Jackson, Harry James, Sim Jones and Richard Cottle. In April 2006 <mask> released a CD/multimedia project to document his 44-year career called Gillan's Inn. Tony Iommi, Jeff Healey, Joe Satriani, Dean Howard, as well as current and former members of Deep Purple such as Jon Lord, Roger Glover, <mask>, Don Airey and Steve Morse are featured on this 2006 CD and DVD. The project, produced by Nick Blagona, includes a re-recorded selection of his Deep Purple, Black Sabbath and solo tracks.At the same time as Gillan's Inn, <mask> announced that his solo albums with the <mask> Band and <mask> from the 1970s and 1980s would be re-issued late in 2006 and early 2007 through Demon Records. <mask> performed the vocals in the song Eternity from the 2006 video game Blue Dragon, composed by Nobuo Uematsu. <mask> sang on two songs off the Jon Lord & Hoochie Coochie Men studio album, Danger. White Men Dancing, released in late 2007. On 2 April 2007 Gillan released a DVD Highway Star – A Journey in Rock. The DVD has 6 hours of footage including documentaries and music clips. This was followed in February 2008 by a double live album on Edel Records, Live in Anaheim that features <mask> and Deep Purple classic songs and several rarities.A companion DVD was released in May 2008. On 3 May 2008 <mask> performed at the Jeff Healey memorial concert in Toronto, Canada. He had previously played live with Healey in Toronto in February 2005. He released a studio album entitled One Eye to Morocco in March 2009. In the 2010s, Gillan performed occasionally with orchestras in Europe, including rearrangements of Deep Purple songs. WhoCares

<mask> has expressed particular fondness for Armenia and has maintained popularity there since Rock Aid Armenia in 1989, which has led to him forming the supergroup WhoCares as a side-project to Deep Purple. On 2 October 2009, in honour of the 20th anniversary of Rock Aid Armenia, <mask> together with Tony Iommi, Geoff Downes, and the project organiser Jon Dee were received by the Prime Minister of Armenia who awarded them with the republic's Orders of Honour.On 26 and 27 March 2010, in Yerevan, <mask> performed with State Philharmonic Orchestra of Armenia. At a press conference in Yerevan on 27 March, <mask> said he considers Armenia his spiritual motherland. In 2010, <mask> met Tony Iommi, Nicko McBrain and Jon Lord, Mikko Lindström from HIM and Jason Newsted at a studio in London to finish recording a song called "Out of my Mind", which was released the following year. This is for the benefit of the music school to be built in Gyumri, Armenia – a project <mask> has been working on with others since his 1990 solo concerts in Yerevan. On the flight back from Armenia in 2011, after each receiving the Armenian Presidential medal of Honour, <mask> and Iommi decided to form the side project WhoCares for ad hoc recordings (and possible performances) dedicated to raising money for specific causes. On 20 September 2013 <mask> participated in the opening of the Octet Music School in Gyumri. The Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church of America named <mask> as its 2014 "Friend of the Armenians" and presented him the award at the 112th Diocesan Assembly in New York City.Non-musical side projects
In 2010 <mask> hosted a documentary about the Polish composer and pianist Fryderyk Chopin in Poland directed by Jerzy Szkamruk. Chopin's Story is about the rise of the composer and documents his Polish years. The film has won several international awards, including the Best Documentary award at Tourfilm International Festival in Florianopolis, Brazil. It was aired on the Polish channel Discovery Historia on 21 June 2011. It was subsequently released on DVD. Personal life

<mask> was in a relationship with Zoe Dean from 1969 to 1978. They had known each other since his time in Episode Six.In 1984, <mask> married his girlfriend Bron, to whom he had dedicated "Keep It Warm" from Black Sabbath's 1983 album Born Again. They have twice since renewed their marriage vows. Their daughter <mask> is also working as a singer for the band Papa LeGal. <mask> lives near Lyme Regis, Dorset and has a home in southern Portugal. <mask> supports Queens Park Rangers and is a cricket fan. His surname is sometimes misspelled as "Gillian". <mask> himself made light of this in the lyrics to "MTV", a track from Deep Purple's 2005 album Rapture of the Deep, when he sang about "Mr. Grover 'n' Mr Gillian".Selected discography

with Deep Purple
 Concerto for Group and Orchestra (1969)
 Deep Purple in Rock  (1970)
 Fireball (1971)
 Machine Head (1972)
 Made in Japan (1972)
 Who Do We Think We Are (1973)
 Perfect Strangers (1984)
 The House of Blue Light (1987)
 The Battle Rages On (1993)
 Purpendicular (1996)
 Abandon (1998)
 Bananas (2003)
 Rapture of the Deep (2005)
 Now What?! (2013)
 Infinite (2017)
 Whoosh! (2020)
 Turning to Crime (2021)

with Black Sabbath
 Born Again (1983)

with The Javelins
 Sole Agency and Representation (1994)
 <mask> and the Javelins (2018)

with <mask>an Band & Gillan
 Child in Time (1976)
 Clear Air Turbulence (1977)
 Scarabus (1977)
 Live at the Budokan (1977/1983)
 Gillan (1978)
 Mr. Universe (1979)
 Glory Road (1980)
 Future Shock (1981)
 Double Trouble (live) (1981)
 Magic (1982)

Solo
 Accidentally on Purpose (1988, with Roger Glover)
 Naked Thunder (1990)
 Toolbox (1991)
 Dreamcatcher (1997)
 Gillan's Inn (2006)
 Live in Anaheim (2008)
 One Eye to Morocco (2009)

with WhoCares
(also known as <mask>, Tony Iommi & Friends)
 <mask> & Tony Iommi: WhoCares (2012)

Timeline

References
Citations

Sources

Further reading
 Candy Horizon (1980) – a book of poems written by Gillan. Smoke This! : The Warblings, Rants, Philosophies, and Musings from the Singer of Deep Purple (2006)

External links

 Authorised links from Gillan.com
 Official site for the Gillan's Inn Project

1945 births
Living people
English rock singers
English heavy metal singers
English male singer-songwriters
English tenors
British harmonica players
People from Hounslow
Deep Purple members
Black Sabbath members
Island Records artists
English people of Scottish descent
People educated at Acton County Grammar School
English expatriates in Portugal
EMI Records artists
Conga players
Gillan (band) members
Episode Six members
<mask> Gillan Band members
20th-century English male singers
21st-century English male singers
Blues rock

masks:
Gillan
Ian
Ian
Ian
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Paice
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Ian Gillan
Ian Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Grace Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Gillan
Ian Gillan
Ian Gill
Ian Gillan
Ian Gillan
Ian


title: Jonathan Alexander (professor)

texts:
<mask> (born October 2, 1967) is an American rhetorician and memoirist. He is Chancellor's Professor of English, Informatics, Education, and Gender & Sexuality Studies at the University of California, Irvine. His scholarly and creative work is situated at the intersections of digital culture, sexuality, and composition studies. For his work in cultural journalism and memoir, Tom Lutz, founding editor of the Los Angeles Review of Books, has called him "one of our finest essayists." Education

<mask> received his BA in English and an MA and PhD in Comparative Literature (1993) from Louisiana State University. He studied with James Olney, who was the Voorhies Professor of English and an editor of The Southern Review. Academic contributions
<mask> also works across media.He is a frequent contributor to the Los Angeles Review of Books, where he serves as Young Adult Fiction section editor and the host of the video series, "Writing Sex." At UCI he is co-host of the podcast series "We Are UCI: Redefining Student Success for the 21st Century." In 2019, he co-organized a poetry and art exhibit with artist Antoinette LaFarge called "Burning Time," an imagined memory project about <mask>'s now deceased gay uncle, in which <mask> and LaFarge attempted to imagine and depict his possible mid-20th century life in New Orleans' French Quarter. Creative Nonfiction and the Creep Trilogy

More recently, <mask> has turned his attention to writing creative nonfiction, publishing a series of memoirs. Stroke Book: The Diary of a Blindspot was published by Fordham University Press in 2021 and details the author's experience of a minor stroke and how he understands the stroke's relationship to the long-term experience of homophobia. Another set of books, loosely called "The Creep Trilogy," uses formal experimentation to document <mask>'s experience of homophobia as a kid in the Deep South and his struggle to come to grips with self-hatred. Recounting a similar set of stories in overlapping fashion, the retelling plays out different perspectives on his personal history and <mask>'s attempts to come to terms over time with his past.The books include Creep: A Life, a Theory, an Apology (2017), Bullied: The Story of an Abuse (2021), and Dear Queer Self (2022). Writing specifically about Bullied, author Julietta Singh offers a comment that could reflect much of <mask>'s creative nonfiction project: "Expanding the cultural frame of what constitutes sexual abuse, he ruminates over the enduring psychic and bodily effects of homophobia. In so doing, this gorgeous book seeks to redress some of the ways we have used each other in the service of making marginalized life more livable, and ultimately redirects our energy toward the transformation of a world that continues to punish our differences." Awards

His books have been nominated for various awards, including the Lambda Literary Award and the Computers and Composition Distinguished Book Award. His book, On Multimodality: New Media in Composition Studies won both the Conference on College Composition and Communication Outstanding Book Award and the Computers and Composition Distinguished Book Award. In 2012, Bisexuality and Queer Theory was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Bisexual Literature. Techne: Queer Meditations on Writing the Subject won the 2015 Lavender Rhetorics Award for Excellence in Queer Scholarship.<mask> is a three-time recipient of the Ellen Nold Award for Best Article in the field of Computers and Composition Studies. In 2011, he was given the Charles Moran Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Field of Computers and Writing. In 2018, his memoir Creep: A Life, a Theory, an Apology, was a finalist for a Lambda Literary Award. Books
Dear Queer Self: An Experiment in Memoir. Acre Books. (March 2022). The Routledge Handbook of Queer Rhetoric.Co-edited with Jacqueline Rhodes. Routledge. (2022). Stroke Book: The Diary of a Blindspot. Fordham University Press. (October 2021). Bullied: The Story of an Abuse.Punctum Books. (Fall 2021). Science Fiction and the Dismal Science: Essays on the Business of Dreammaking. Co-edited by Gary Westfahl, Gregory Benford, and Howard V. Hendrix. McFarland. (December 2019). Unruly Rhetorics: Protest, Persuasion, and Publics.Co-edited with Susan Jarratt and Nancy Welch. Pittsburgh UP. (November 2018)
The Routledge Handbook of Digital Writing and Rhetoric. Co-edited with Jacqueline Rhodes. Routledge. (April 2018)
Creep: A Life, a Theory, an Apology. Punctum Books.(2017). Writing Youth: Young Adult Fiction as Literacy Sponsorship. Lexington Books: Rowman & Littlefield (2017). Sexual Rhetorics: Methods, Identities, Publics. Co-edited with Jacqueline Rhodes. Routledge (November 2015). Techne: Queer Meditations on Writing the Self.Co-authored with Jacqueline Rhodes. Computers and Composition Digital Press (September 2015). http://ccdigitalpress.org/ebooks-and-projects/techne
On Multimodality: New Media in Composition Studies. Co-authored with Jacqueline Rhodes. NCTE/CCCC Studies in Writing & Rhetoric (2014). Understanding Rhetoric: A Graphic Guide to Writing. Co-authored with Elizabeth Losh.Bedford/St. Martin's (2013, 2nd edition 2017). Bisexuality and Queer Theory: Intersections, Connections and Challenges. Co-edited with Serena Anderlini D'Onofrio. Routledge (2012). Finding Out: An Introduction to LGBT Studies. Co-authored with Deborah T. Meem and Michelle Gibson.Sage Publications (2009, 2nd edition 2013, 3rd edition 2017). Literacy, Sexuality, Pedagogy: Theory and Practice for Composition Studies. Utah State University Press (2008). Digital Youth: Emerging Literacies on the World Wide Web. Hampton Press (2005). Role Play: Distance Learning and the Teaching of Writing. Co-edited with Marcia Dickson.Hampton Press (2005)
Argument Now, a Brief Rhetoric. Co-authored with Margaret Barber. Pearson/Longman (2005)
Bisexuality and Transgenderism: InterSEXions of the Others. Co-edited with Karen Yescavage. Routledge (2005). References

1967 births
Living people
American non-fiction writers
LGBT writers from the United States

masks:
Jonathan Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander


title: José de Iturrigaray

texts:
<mask>i, KOS (27 June 1742, Cádiz, Spain – 22 August 1815, Madrid) was a Spanish military officer and viceroy of New Spain, from 4 January 1803 to 16 September 1808, during Napoleon's invasion of Spain and the establishment of a Bonapartist regime in Spain. His plans to form a provisional autonomous government led to his arrest and deposition. Origins and military career
<mask> was born of a family of wealthy Vizcaíno (Basque) merchants in Cádiz. His parents were  <mask>, born in Pamplona, Navarre, and <mask>, born in Aranaz, Navarre. Under Charles III in 1762 he took part in the Spanish invasion of Portugal and in Gibraltar. In 1793, now under <mask>.As viceroy of New Spain
After serving as governor of Cádiz from 1793 to 1798, Iturrigaray was named viceroy of New Spain by Godoy. Iturrigaray arrived in the colony in 1803 with his wife, María Inés <mask> y Aróstegui. She was the daughter of Agustin <mask> y <mask>, Viceroy of Peru, born in Lecároz, Valle de Baztán, Navarra, and María Luisa <mask> y Bassave, born in Habana, Cuba, a first cousin of <mask> <mask> y Aróstegui. When he passed through customs at Veracruz, he brought with him a huge shipment of goods, which entered free of duty because he declared it his personal baggage. The king sent him a large quantity of arms, which the viceroy provided to the regiments of Mexico and Puebla, then stationed in Cuba. Iturrigaray soon gained popularity for his friendly and jovial character, which contrasted with the austere character of his predecessor, Félix Berenguer <mask>. The king had ordered that the vineyards currently under cultivation could continue, but that the viceroy could not issue licenses for new vineyards.In 1803 the viceroy complained to the United States about the American vessels smuggling and fishing in waters of New Spain, particularly in California and Sonora. In June he visited the current state of Guanajuato, for the announced purpose of opening a public granary. He also inspected the mines of La Valenciana and Rayas, and received a present of 1,000 ounces of gold. He offered to request from Spain a sufficient amount of mercury to work the mines. Passing through Celaya, he granted permission for the Ayuntamiento (city government) there to celebrate corridas (bullfights), and to build a bridge over the Río La Laja. The bridge was to be constructed under the direction of the architect Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras. On December 9, 1803 he inaugurated Manuel Tolsá's bronze equestrian statue of Charles IV in the Zócalo in the Center of Mexico City.The first stone in the pedestal had been laid July 18, 1796 by then-Viceroy <mask> la Grúa Talamanca y Branciforte, marqués de Branciforte, and the statue had been cast on August 4, 1802. On March 22, 1803 the Prussian explorer and naturalist Baron <mask> Humboldt arrived in Acapulco from Peru in the ship Pizarro. Humboldt spent a year in New Spain, spending time in Mexico City and especially important time in the mining area of Guanajuato. Since the crown had given Humboldt unlimited access to travel and investigate New Spain, Iturrigaray directly aided Humboldt's research, first published in his Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain. Humboldt estimated the population of New Spain to be 6 million. On March 18, 1804 an expedition for the propagation of smallpox vaccine under Dr. Francisco Javier <mask> also arrived. The viceroy's reception of this expedition was less enthusiastic than the leaders had anticipated.Nevertheless, Dr. Juan Arboleya vaccinated the son of the viceroy. In March 1805 news was received in New Spain of the renewed declaration of war by Spain against Britain. Iturrigaray received orders to put the colony in a state of defense, and to increase the regular payments to Spain. To do this, he applied the Cédula de la Caja de Consolidación. This order was the equivalent of disentailment of the church because it ordered the transfer of income from the religious estates and foundations to the government. A direct result of this order was the strengthening of the Spanish opponents of the viceroyalty, who raised protests. Among them was Bishop Manuel Abad y Queipo.Popular discontent grew with the increase in taxes. So did the discontent of the Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain), because of the favor shown by the viceroy to the Criollos (Spaniards born in America). And among the latter there began to appear a spirit of independence inspired by news of the disturbance at Aranjuez and the political defeat of Godoy. Iturrigaray saw the necessity of relying on the Criollo party to maintain his power. On April 30, 1803, Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States for 80 million francs. In 1806, that country asked the Marqués de Casa Calvo, to remove the Spanish troops from New Orleans so that the United States could take possession of the area up to the Sabine River. The situation in Spain
In 1808 Napoleon's French invaded Spain.As the French forces approached Madrid, the royal family decided to flee to New Spain. This idea, however, was poorly received by the Spanish populace. On March 17, 1808 a riot broke out at Aranjuez. The hated Godoy was apprehended by the crowd, humiliated, stripped of his honors, and nearly killed. The mob, loyal to Prince Ferdinand (later King Ferdinand VII), forced Charles to abdicate in his son's behalf. Ferdinand then had Godoy arrested. But in May, all three — Godoy, Ferdinand and Charles — were enticed across the French border, where Napoleon took them prisoner.Napoleon forced the abdication of both Ferdinand and Charles in favor of himself. He then named his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, king of Spain. On May 2, 1808, the people of Madrid rose in arms against the French. This was the spark that began a country-wide revolt. Everywhere provisional juntas were organized claiming to govern in the name of Ferdinand VII. The consequences in New Spain
Iturrigaray had been appointed viceroy with orders to put down any rebellion, but the situation in Spain with the Napoleonic invasion, and the "political events back home bewildered him." News of the situation in Spain was received in Mexico on June 23, 1808, and the following July 14, news of the abdication of the Spanish king in favor of Napoleon was also received.The Cabildo (city council) of Mexico City was composed of professional men, Criollos. On July 19, 1808, councilmen Juan Francisco Azcárate y Ledesma and Francisco Primo <mask> y Ramos presented a plan to form a provisional, autonomous government of New Spain, with Iturrigaray at its head. The justification for this was that the mother country was now occupied by foreign troops, and the royal family was being held prisoner. The plan was accepted by the viceroy and the Cabildo, but not by the Audiencia. On July 20, 1808, Diego Leño of the Ayuntamiento of Jalapa, called for a congress of representatives from throughout New Spain. The Criollo party continued to agitate, asking for the formation of a junta, as in Spain, and the convening of a congress. Once again the Audiencia was opposed, arguing that New Spain was a colony, and not permitted to take this kind of decision.On August 9, 1808, at a meeting of Notables, the lawyer Primo Verdad y Ramos spoke in favor of popular sovereignty. Some of the oidores (judges on the Audiencia) spoke in rebuttal, declaring the proposal seditious and subversive. Inquisitor Bernardo Prado y Ovejero declared it heresy and anathema. The Notables adopted an intermediate position — New Spain would recognize no authority above the king of Spain. On August 31, 1808 the crisis took a sharper turn with the arrival of Juan Gabriel Jabat, representative of the Junta of Seville, and a message from the Junta of Asturias. Both juntas requested recognition as the legitimate government of Spain by New Spain, thus providing evidence of the lack of any legitimate government in the country. On September 1, 1808, Melchor <mask>, a Peruvian priest and the intellectual leader of the Criollo party, delivered two tracts to the Cabildo, in favor of separation from Spain and of the convoking of a Mexican congress.His premises were that all ties to Spain had now been broken; that regional laws had to be made, independently of the mother country; that the Audiencia could not speak in behalf of the king; and that the king having disappeared, sovereignty was now vested in the people. It looked as if open fighting would break out between the mostly Peninsular partisans of the Audiencia and the Criollo ones of the Cabildo. A further meeting on September 9 was tumultuous. Coup deposing the viceroy

Iturrigaray was strongly inclined towards the party of the Criollos and held in great suspicion by the Spanish party. He had received Criollo petitions for a congress and disrecognition of the Spanish junta. He had ordered 40,000 pesos sent to the Consulado of Veracruz, notoriously liberal in outlook. He had nominated Criollos to high positions in the administration.And most importantly, he had mobilized the regiment of dragoons from Aguascalientes, stationed in Jalapa. This regiment was under the command of Colonel Ignacio Obregón, an intimate friend of the viceroy. Iturrigaray was on the point of resigning when, on September 15, 1808 the pro-Spanish party, headed by Gabriel J<mask> Yermo, arrested him. Yermo was supported by the rich Spanish merchants, by the oidores Aguirre and Bataller, by the archbishop, and by the judges of the Inquisition. Five hundred well-armed conspirators attacked the viceregal palace at 2 in the morning. One soldier was killed. The members of the Cabildo were also arrested.After <mask> was taken prisoner, he was conducted to the Inquisition, so that the populace could be made to believe he had been deposed for heresy. His wife and children were taken to the convent of San Bernardo. The vicereine was cruelly insulted and her jewelry was stolen. The viceroy was deposed by the Audiencia. An inventory of the viceroy's valuables was ordered, and the total came to more than one million pesos. This was considered evidence that the viceroy had taken advantage of the situation for his personal enrichment. In accordance with custom, the unanticipated vacancy in the office of viceroy was filled with the oldest and highest-ranking military officer in the colony, Marshall Pedro <mask>, an octogenarian controlled by the Audiencia.Primo Verdad y Ramos and Melchor <mask> were imprisoned, and died in jail. Also imprisoned were Lic. Cristo, Juan Francisco Azcárate and French general Octaviano d'Alvímar. Return to Spain
On September 21, 1808, <mask> was sent as a prisoner to Spain. He was brought to trial in Cádiz for disloyalty. The charges were not proven and he was freed under the amnesty granted by the Cortes in 1810. A juicio de residencia continued after the amnesty, and was ended only by the death of Iturrigaray in 1815, but not before he was assessed a fine of 435,000 pesetas.According to most historians, he was also implicated in a private scheme by James Wilkinson to head off an invasion of Mexico by Aaron Burr. Footnotes

Further reading
 Diccionario Porrúa de Historia, Biografía y Geografía de México, 6th ed., v. 2, pp. 1857–58. Mexico City: Editorial Porrúa, S.A., 1995. .
 "Iturrigaray y Aróstegui, <mask>," Enciclopedia de México, v. 8. Mexico City: 1987. García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984.Orozco L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988, . Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, . External links

Viceroys of New Spain
Spanish generals
1742 births
1815 deaths
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
People from Cádiz
Spanish people of Basque descent
1800s in Mexico
1800s in New Spain

masks: José Joaquín Vicente de Iturrigaray y Arósgu


title: John Hare (conservationist)

texts:
<mask>  (11 December 1934 – 28 January 2022) was a British explorer, author, and conservationist, known for campaigning for the preservation of the Wild Bactrian camel. Life and career
<mask> was born in Bexhill, Kent on 11 December 1934. His interest in wildlife conservation began when he served in the north of colonial Nigeria, first as an army officer assigned to the Royal West African Frontier Force and later in the Colonial Service. In 1993, <mask> was offered by a Russian exploration team to research the status of the wild Bactrian camel in Mongolia, a critically endangered species of camel. It only survives in the Gobi Desert. In 1994, he presented his findings at an international conference in Ulan-Bator. in 1995 he received permission to enter Lop Nur, the first foreigner to get such permission in 45 years.Lop Nur was also the natural habitat of the wild Bactrian camel and also a former nuclear testing site. The wild Bactrian camels are also able to tolerate salt water with a higher salt content than sea water, explaining their residence in Lop Nur. He undertook expeditions in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 1999 to Lop Nur. In 1995 he became the first foreigner in recorded history to cross the Gashun Gobi Desert from north to south. In 1997, <mask> with Kathryn Rae founded the Wild Camel Protection Foundation, a UK registered charity. The foundation proposed the establishment of the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Province in the former nuclear test site, to which the Chinese government later agreed. The WCPF became responsible for helping the Chinese to establish one of the largest nature reserves in the world, protecting not only the wild Bactrian camel but many other IUCN Red Book listed endangered fauna and flora.<mask> was the sole international consultant for the Reserve. Between 2001 and 2002 <mask> crossed the Sahara Desert from Lake Chad to Tripoli, a journey of 1500 miles, which lasted 3.5 months, to raise awareness for the wild camel. This route had not been followed in its entirety by a foreigner for 100 years. This journey was undertaken to raise funding and awareness of the plight of the wild camel. In 2006 <mask> made the first recorded complete circling by camel of Lake Turkana (Rudolph), in Kenya. This involved swimming 22 camels across River Omo in Ethiopia. In 2005 and 2006 he made two more expeditions into the Chinese and Mongolian Gobi deserts, on domestic Bactrian camels.In 2004 the WCPF established the Hunter Hall Captive Wild Camel Breeding Centre at Zakhyn Us in Mongolia, housing twelve wild camels, which had been rescued from being captured by Mongolian herdsmen. This is the only place in the world where the wild camel is held in captivity apart from two zoos in China. In 2010 the population had increased to twenty-five. The Veterinary University of Vienna published a paper after 5 years of genetic tests on samples from these camels, stating that they were of a previously unknown species of camel which separated from any other known form of camel over 700,000 years ago and was different from the Bactrian camel. The findings of this paper were accepted by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature which listed the wild camel (Camelus ferus) as critically endangered. In 2013 and 2015 two successful translocations of wild camels were made from the Mongolian Wild camel Breeding Centre into the Gobi Desert. <mask> was also the author of various books, such as The Fearless Four series and various books relating to his travels in the Gobi and the Sahara.He died on 28 January 2022, at the age of 87. Dan Fulani
Dan Fulani was a pseudonym for <mask>, allowing him to identify as a Nigerian fiction writer. As Fulani, he published 16 books since 1981, some of which try to highlight development issues through popular fiction. His first published works told the adventures of a young northern Nigerian boy called Sauna and the Sauna stories spread throughout Africa and were in high demand as readers in Southern and East African schools. He later wrote on more contentious themes in particular, 'The Price of Liberty', which told the story of a pesticide, banned in the US, being dumped on Africa. Other themes included a campaign against milk powder, 'The Fight for Life', and drugs, 'Sauna and the Drug Pedlars'. His books have been published by many of the UK's leading publishers including Macmillan, Hodder and Stoughton, Longman and Nelson and also in Nigeria by Bounty Press and Safari.The Sauna series featured in a northern Nigeria television series. Awards
1998: An Environmental Award from the State Environment Protection Agency of China for great contribution to saving the critically endangered wild camel from extinction. 2004: The Ness Award of the Royal Geographical Society for raising public awareness and conservation of endangered wild camels in Mongolia and China. In the same year. the Royal Society of Asian Affairs  awarded him the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal for exploration under extreme hazard. 2006: Awarded the Mungo Park Medal by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society  for distinguished contributions to exploration. 2009: Appointed the sole International Consultant to the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve.2010: Awarded the Lowell Thomas Award by the Explorers Club of America  for his dedication to protecting the critically endangered wild camel. 2014: Awarded the Mongolian Environmental Protection Medal for outstanding contributions to wild camel protection from the Mongolian Ministry of Nature and the Environment. 2016: he was awarded the Mongolian Government's Friendship Medal – their highest award given to foreigners. 2017: Awarded the OBE in HM the Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to the conservation of the wild camel in Mongolia and China. External links
Personal website

References

1934 births
2022 deaths
British conservationists
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry officers
Royal West African Frontier Force officers
Colonial Service officers
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People of colonial Nigeria

masks:
John Neville Hare
Hare
John Hare
John Hare
John Hare
Hare
John Hare
John Hare
John Hare


title: Jimmie E. Howard

texts:
<mask> (July 27, 1929 – November 12, 1993) was a Marine Corps staff sergeant when he led an eighteen-man reconnaissance patrol in a fierce battle against a battalion of Viet Cong in June 1966. As a result of his heroic actions, <mask> became the sixth U.S. Marine to be awarded the nation's highest honor for heroism in combat in Vietnam. The Medal of Honor was presented by President Lyndon B. Johnson in White House ceremonies on August 21, 1967. Biography
<mask> was born July 27, 1929, in Burlington, Iowa, and graduated from high school there in 1949. He attended the University of Iowa for one year prior to enlisting in the United States Marine Corps on July 12, 1950. He went through recruit training with the 1st Recruit Training Battalion, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California, and was promoted to Private First Class upon graduation from recruit training in January 1951, remaining at the Recruit Depot as a drill instructor until December 1951. In his book Hill 488, Ray Hildreth – who served alongside <mask> in Vietnam – remembered: "<mask> was a John Wayne type of guy.A hard slab of a man with a poker face … he walked into an area and you could almost hear the theme song from The Sands Of Iwo Jima." Korean War
After completing advanced infantry training in February 1952, he was ordered to Korea, where he was assigned duty as a forward observer with the 4.2" Mortar Company, 1st Marines, 1st Marine Division. For his service in Korea, he was awarded the Silver Star, the Purple Heart with Gold Star in lieu of a second Purple Heart, and the Navy Unit Commendation. He was a promoted to corporal in March 1952. Inter-war service
Upon his return to the United States in April 1953, Corporal <mask> served as Tactics Instructor, Headquarters and Service Company, 2nd Infantry Training Regiment, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California. While stationed at Camp Pendleton, he was promoted to sergeant in June 1953. In March 1954, Sergeant <mask> joined the Marine Detachment on board the , as a squad leader.The following January, he returned to Camp Pendleton and served as a squad leader, 1st Amphibious Reconnaissance Company. The 1st Amphibious Reconnaissance Company was redesignated as the 1st Force Reconnaissance Company, and Sgt <mask> remained with this unit until September 1957. He was promoted to staff sergeant in May 1956. From September 1957 until April 1960, he served as Special Services Chief and a military policeman with Headquarters Battalion, 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton. Transferred to San Francisco, California, Staff Sergeant <mask> was assigned to the 3rd Marine Division. He served as Special Services Noncommissioned Officer, Headquarters and Service Company, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines and later, as a platoon guide and platoon sergeant with Company H, 2nd Battalion, 9th Marines. Reassigned to the Recruit Depot, San Diego, in August 1961, he joined Guard Company, Headquarters and Service Battalion and served as Guard Noncommissioned Officer, Company First Sergeant and administrative man, respectively.He later became Depot Special Service Assistant, Headquarters Company, Headquarters and Service Battalion there, and served in the latter capacity until October 1964. The following month, he returned to Camp Pendleton, and was assigned to the 1st Marine Division. He saw duty as Regimental Special Services Noncommissioned Officer with Headquarters Battery, 11th Marine Regiment and in January 1965, became an instructor, Counterguerrilla Warfare Course, Division Schools Center, Subunit #1, with Headquarters Battalion until March 1966. From April until June 1966, <mask> served as a platoon leader, with Company C, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Marine Division. Vietnam War; Medal of Honor action

On the evening of June 13, 1966, <mask> and his platoon of 15 Marines along with two Navy corpsmen were dropped behind enemy lines atop Hill 488. The mission of this reconnaissance unit was to observe enemy troop movements in the valley and call in air and artillery strikes. Within days, the enemy descended on them in force; on the night of June 15, 1966, a full battalion of Viet Cong (over 300 men) engaged the squad of 18.After receiving severe wounds from an enemy grenade, <mask> distributed ammunition to his men and directed air strikes on the enemy. By dawn, his beleaguered platoon still held their position. During the 12 hours of combat, 200 enemy troops were killed as against the loss of six American lives. In addition to receiving the Medal of Honor for his actions on Hill 488, <mask> received a gold star in lieu of a third Purple Heart for wounds received on June 16, 1966. Members of <mask>'s platoon were decorated for their actions in this fight with four Navy Crosses and thirteen Silver Stars. Post-Vietnam War and retirement
Upon his return to the United States, he was assigned duty as Battalion Training Non-commissioned Officer, Service Company, Headquarters and Service Battalion, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California. <mask> retired from the Marine Corps on March 31, 1977, with the rank of first sergeant.Following his retirement, <mask> lived in San Diego, California and worked for the local Veterans Affairs office. <mask> became involved in coaching/volunteering for Point Loma High School. He was a coach for the Point Loma High School football team which went undefeated in 1987 and won the San Diego Section CIF championship. He was also a coach for the Point Loma High School football team which won the CIF championship again in 1991. When asked why he liked coaching, Coach <mask> stated the men he lost in combat were relatively the same age as the high school football players and it reminded him of them. <mask><mask> died on November 12, 1993, at his home in San Diego, California. He was buried in the Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego.Military honors
A list of his medals and decorations includes: the Medal of Honor, the Silver Star Medal, the Purple Heart with two Gold Stars in lieu of second and third awards, the Navy Unit Commendation, the Good Conduct Medal with three bronze stars, the National Defense Service Medal with one bronze star, the Korean Service Medal with four bronze stars, the Vietnam Service Medal with one bronze star, the United Nations Service Medal, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal. Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States in the name of The Congress takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty as a Platoon Leader, Company "C", First Reconnaissance Battalion, First Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, in action against communist insurgent forces in Quang Tin Province, Republic of Vietnam, on 16 June 1966. During the night Gunnery Sergeant (then Staff Sergeant) <mask>'s platoon of eighteen men was assaulted by a numerically superior force consisting of a well-trained North Vietnamese Battalion employing heavy small arms fire, automatic weapons and accurate weapon fire. Without hesitation he immediately organized his platoon to personally supervise the precarious defense of Hill 488. Utterly oblivious to the unrelenting fury of hostile enemy weapons fire and hand grenades he repeatedly exposed himself to enemy fire while directing the operation of his small force. As the enemy attack progressed and the enemy fire increased in volume and accuracy and despite his mounting casualties, Gunnery Sergeant <mask> continued to set an example of calmness and courage. Moving from position to position, he inspired his men with dynamic leadership and courageous fighting spirit until he was struck and painfully wounded by fragments from an enemy hand grenade.Unable to move his legs and realizing that the position was becoming untenable, he distributed his ammunition to the remaining members of his platoon and skillfully directed friendly aircraft and artillery strikes with uncanny accuracy upon the enemy. Dawn found the beleaguered force diminished by five killed and all but one wounded. When rescue helicopters proceeded to Gunnery Sergeant <mask>'s position, he directed them away from his badly mauled force and called additional air strikes and directed devastating small arms fire on the enemy thus making the landing zone secure as possible. His valiant leadership and courageous fighting spirit served to inspire the men of his platoon to heroic endeavor in the face of overwhelming odds, and reflected the highest credit upon Gunnery Sergeant <mask>, the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service. /S/ LYNDON B. JOHNSON

Silver Star citation
Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Corporal <mask> <mask> (MCSN: 1130610), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity while attached to the 4.2" Mortar Company, First Marines, FIRST Marine Division (Reinforced), and serving as a Forward Observer of a rifle company in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from 12 to 15 August 1952. During the defense of an important hill position, Corporal <mask> called in and directed effective fire for friendly mortar and artillery positions, materially strengthening the defense of the position. Although occupied with the duties of forward observer, he participated in deadly hand to hand combat with the enemy to maintain his forward observation post and, although subsequently relieved for rest, sided in evacuating the wounded and in carrying vitally needed supplies to his comrades.Later, although knocked unconscious by the concussion from an enemy mortar shell, he recovered sufficiently to continue to perform his duties and, after being felled again by another mortar shell was evacuated on account of the severity of his condition. By his outstanding courage, initiative and unyielding devotion to duty, Corporal <mask> served to inspire all who observed him and upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. Namesake

The  guide missile destroyer , named in honor of <mask><mask>, was christened on November 20, 1999, by 1stSgt <mask>'s widow, Theresa M. <mask>. See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

References

Further reading
Hildreth, Ray and Charles W. Sasser. Hill 488, New York: Pocket Books, 2003. ()

1929 births
1993 deaths
United States Marine Corps non-commissioned officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Vietnam War recipients of the Medal of Honor
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Silver Star
Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery

masks:
Jimmie Earl Howard
Howard
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title: Sam Clovis

texts:
<mask>. (born September 18, 1949) is a former United States Air Force officer, talk radio host, and political figure. Clovis is currently retired in Iowa. Clovis unsuccessfully ran for Iowa state treasurer in the 2014 elections. He was national co-chair of Donald Trump's campaign in the 2016 presidential election. In January 2017, Trump appointed Clovis a senior White House adviser to the USDA. In July 2017, Trump nominated Clovis as Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics in the United States Department of Agriculture. On November 2, 2017, Clovis withdrew from consideration for the appointment following news of his involvement in the 2017 Special Counsel investigation.He resigned from the USDA effective May 4, 2018. Early life and education
Clovis was born in Salina, Kansas, and grew up in Medora, Kansas. As a high school senior, he was accepted to the U.S. Military Academy and the United States Air Force Academy. He graduated from Buhler High School and went on to attend the Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs, where he earned a bachelor's degree in political science. Clovis received an MBA from Golden Gate University in 1984, and attended the national security program at Georgetown University. He earned a doctorate in public administration (D.P.A.) from the University of Alabama in 2006.His dissertation concerned federalism and homeland security preparation. Career
Clovis served in the Air Force for 25 years (1971–96). He was a fighter pilot and instructor and served in The Pentagon, the Middle East, and as commander of the 70th Fighter Squadron. He rose to the rank of colonel and retired as the Inspector General of the North American Aerospace Defense Command and the United States Space Command. After retiring from the Air Force, Clovis worked for BETAC (1996–97) and Northrop Grumman (1997–2000). In 2000, he moved to Iowa and worked at William Penn University in Oskaloosa, until 2003. In 2003 he worked for Booz Allen Hamilton for a year; from 2004 to 2010 he worked for the Homeland Security Institute, now the Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute.In 2005 he began working at Morningside College in Sioux City, Iowa, as a professor, teaching classes on business, management and public policy. In January 2010, Clovis started hosting his own radio talk show Impact With <mask> on Sioux City, Iowa station KSCJ. About the same time, he became active in the Republican Party and served as a delegate to the state convention in 2010. In 2012, he supported and campaigned with Rick Santorum, who won the Iowa caucuses. He was chairman of the 4th District Republican convention as well as an alternate delegate to the 2012 Republican National Convention. In the fall of 2013, Clovis took a sabbatical from his professorship at Morningside College to pursue a political career. He was a candidate in the Republican primary for the Senate in Iowa, finishing second to Joni Ernst, with 19 percent of the vote, on June 3, 2014.Later in June, at the Iowa GOP state convention, <mask> was selected as the Republican candidate for the Iowa state treasurer, running against Democratic incumbent Michael Fitzgerald. Clovis then hired Matthew Whitaker, also an unsuccessful Republican Senate primary candidate, to chair his campaign for state treasurer. In November, Clovis lost to Fitzgerald, 53% to 44%. Trump advisor and administration official
On June 4, 2015, The Washington Post reported that Rick Perry, shortly after launching his  presidential campaign, hired Clovis to chair his campaign in Iowa. On August 24, 2015, nearly three months later, The Washington Post reported that <mask> resigned from the campaign, in part, over the campaign's failure to pay his salary. Clovis endorsed Donald Trump the next day, August 25, with an introduction at a rally held in Dubuque, Iowa. Clovis joined the campaign as a national co-chair and policy advisor.During this time, Clovis went on unpaid leave from Morningside College, before leaving permanently in late 2015. Clovis became national cochairman of Trump's campaign team and served as a frequent spokesperson on cable news. After Trump took office in January 2017, he appointed Clovis as senior White House adviser to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). In July 2017, Trump nominated Clovis to the post of Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics, the USDA's top science post. The nomination attracted attention because this post is traditionally filled by a scientist, and Clovis has no scientific background. A statute requires that nominees for the position be chosen from among "distinguished scientists with specialized training or significant experience in agricultural research, education, and economics." In October 2017, former Trump campaign advisor George Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to lying to federal agents about his contacts with the Russia government during the campaign.Papadopoulos was charged by special counsel Robert Mueller as part of his investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. election. According to court records, Papadopoulos had been recruited to join Trump's foreign policy advisor team in early March 2016 by a "campaign supervisor" later identified as Clovis. In a meeting on March 6, Clovis reportedly told Papadopoulos that "a principal foreign policy focus of the campaign was an improved U.S. relationship with Russia," but Clovis denies having said that. Over the next few months, Papadopoulos made repeated but unsuccessful attempts to arrange meetings or contacts between Russian officials and Trump or his campaign representatives. Clovis was identified as a campaign supervisor who encouraged Papadopoulos to travel to Russia and meet Russian officials to build relations with the Kremlin. It was reported that Clovis has spoken to investigators with the special prosecutor's office and has testified before the federal grand jury looking into the matter. He has since withdrawn from the nomination due to the ongoing investigation and questions about his role.On November 2, 2017, Clovis withdrew from consideration for the appointment for Under Secretary of Agriculture after he was linked to the special counsel investigation. His nomination was not formally withdrawn by President Trump but was instead returned unconfirmed to the President by the U.S. Senate on January 3, 2018, under Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI, paragraph 6. Effective May 4, 2018, Clovis resigned from the USDA. In June 2019, the Republican and Democratic leaders of the Senate Intelligence Committee made a criminal referral to federal prosecutors regarding their belief that Clovis mislead them in his official testimony. Views

Barack Obama
In August 2017, CNN reported on the existence of a now-defunct blog that Clovis had maintained primarily between 2011 and 2012. In blog posts accessed via the Wayback Machine, Clovis was critical of President Barack Obama and the progressive movement, accusing Obama of being a socialist and writing that progressives were "liars, race traders and race 'traitors.'" A USDA spokesperson responded that Clovis "is a proud conservative and a proud American.All of his reporting either on the air or in writing over the course of his career has been based on solid research and data. He is after all an academic." In 2011, Clovis said that Obama "uses his self-identified race as a bludgeon to assault anyone who might disagree with him... The fact that he is a socialist, does not believe in Natural Law or Natural Rights, is incensed at the mere existence of the Constitution and cannot accept the exceptionality of this nation, probably has nothing to do with why so many people disagree with him and his value system." Climate change
Clovis has described climate research as "junk science", and said that the scientific consensus on climate change was "not proven". In 2014, he told Iowa Public Radio that he is skeptical about climate change. Education
In 2011, Clovis said that schools were indoctrinating students with concepts that go against the ideals of the founding of the United States, such as "environmentalism", "racism", "feminism" and "pacifism".He said that these are "isms" that "tend to warp and twist the logic and intellectual development of children." LGBT rights
Clovis has said that homosexuality is a choice and that the sanctioning of same-sex marriage could lead to the legalization of pedophilia. Personal life
<mask> lives in Hinton, Iowa, together with his wife Charlotte. He has two grown sons from a first marriage and one stepson, Khan. He is Roman Catholic. Awards
 Defense Superior Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster

See also
Mueller Report
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016–election day)
Timeline of investigations into Trump and Russia (July–December 2017)

References

External links

1949 births
21st-century American politicians
Iowa Republicans
Living people
Morningside College
Trump administration personnel
United States Air Force officers
United States Department of Agriculture officials
People from Plymouth County, Iowa
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
United States Air Force Academy alumni
Golden Gate University alumni
Catholics from Iowa

masks:
Samuel Harvey Clovis Jr
Sam Clovis
Clovis
Clovis
Clovis


title: Adam Gnade

texts:
<mask> ( ) is a San Diego, California-born American musician and author currently living on a farm in rural Kansas. In his bio he defines his music as "talking-songs", which he describes as mixing the spoken vocals of talking blues songs with country music, Appalachian folk, noise, psychedelic folk and drone music influences. His work is issued as a series of records and books, which continue the stories of each other's characters and further develop plot-lines. Considered a regionalist writer, he writes mostly about San Diego, a bordertown city in Southern California, namely the area around the US/Mexico border, though many of his stories take place to the south of San Diego in the city of Tijuana, Mexico. Gnade also writes stories that take places across the continental US but according to interviews he's done these stories always reflect the Californian's experience on the road. Biography
Originally from San Diego, California, and while living there, Gnade was an editor of the alt-weekly Fahrenheit San Diego. After leaving San Diego in 2005, he lived in Portland, Oregon where he was the music editor for The Portland Mercury while his former partner, Jesse Duke, worked for Microcosm Publishing.Career

Musician
In late 2005, Gnade signed to the California-based Loud + Clear Records, toured the US, and issued Run Hide Retreat Surrender, his first official full-length record after a series of self-released, extremely limited edition CDs and cassettes. In 2006, he issued a set of limited run experimental albums (We Are Ghosts and Bones Down Stone-Walled Wells and the 2 CD single) expanding on his "talking songs" idea before signing a UK label deal with Drowned in Sound (also home to collaborators Youthmovies). Drowned in Sound released Gnade's EP Shout the Rafters Down! in November 2006, after which he toured Europe in support of the record, alongside Oxford, England's Youthmovies and Brighton's Blood Red Shoes. Gnade also recorded a "talking song"-style track with Faux-Hoax in mid-2006, a side project band featuring Dave Allen, the bass guitar player of the 1970s British post-punk band Gang of Four, John Askew from Oregon indie rock group Tracker, and Danny Seim of Menomena and Lackthereof. The track, "Your Friends Will Carry You Home," was released on a 7" of the same name by Polyvinyl Record Co. in May 2009. The 7" also features members of Portland, Oregon's Modest Mouse and 31 Knots.As of 2007, recent U.S., European, Mexican, Canadian, and United Kingdom radio singles included "Hymn California," "Honey Slides," "Dance to the War," "The Winter/Their Apartment," "Room for Three and the Bayou Summer," "Palaces," "Lanterns, Rakes, and Shovels," "We're Unknowing in the Crosshairs," "The Old Lover," "Snake Lore," "It's Five O'Clock in America," "We Must Come Home Again," and "We Live Nowhere and Know No One." 2007 saw a two-month US tour, a five-week tour of England and Scotland (alongside Youthmovies, Jonquil, House of Brothers, Blanket, and Eugene McGuinness), and the release of Honey Slides, a collaborative EP with Youthmovies on the Try Harder Records label. There was also a tour-only novella, entitled Seasons Loving Nothing, that was available on the UK dates. His next full-length, Trailerparks, was released by Try Harder Records as a limited-edition, tour-only pressing in late 2008 in time for a three-week tour of Europe with Youthmovies. In November 2008, the experimental label Blast First (Petite) released a Youthmovies EP entitled Polyp which features Gnade contributing lead vocals to two tracks, "Sad Trash" and "Become an Island" which also features contributions from Joe Shrewsbury from 65DaysofStatic and Hugo Manuel of Jonquil. The resulting tour in November 2008 featuring both acts was called the Polyp Tour. On February 22, 2009, Gnade announced the release of a new EP.Island's Islands will be released on cassette and limited to just 100 copies. On his website Gnade revealed that each copy of the EP would be recorded separately and each would be completely different. Gnade's next record The Wild Homesick was released in May 2009 on the Punch Drunk Press label. In July and August 2009 Gnade joined the Van's Warped Tour for a book tour. His tour diaries were published on the Asthmatic Kitty Records website and by the Willamette Week newspaper. In August 2009, Punch Drunk Press, released a three-way split CD album featuring his songs and the songs of Ohioan and COASTS. It is called Hello America!In January 2010, a new cassette EP, Surrenderland, was released by Punch Drunk Press. On January 31, 2010 he announced the release of a collection of rare tracks, From Farmhouses to Tour Vans. In August 2011, it was announced via the Lungs, Dirt, and Dreams website as well as via assorted media outlets that Gnade would be touring alongside Atlanta experimental country band Damon Moon and the Whispering Drifters. On Gnade's website he announced there would be a special tour-only cassette featuring both acts as well as a split cassette featuring folksinger Megan Michelle. In June 2012, Gnade and folksinger Megan Michelle released a split album of acoustic songs via Punch Drunk Press. In May 2013, Gnade's recently recorded record, entitled AMERICANS, was released by the UK label Blessing Force. In September 2013, Punch Drunk Press released Gnade's latest EP, Greater Mythology Blues, recorded in Atlanta, Georgia with the help of his backing band, The Hot Earth All-Stars, featuring members of Brunch, Under White Pines, and Sydney Eloise and Palms.The record was released the following August. Two EPs, AMERICANS and Greater Mythology Blues and a single, the Locust House Excerpt featuring Three One G band Planet B (made up of members of The Locust, Retox, Head Wound City, Dead Cross), were released later in the summer. In March 2017, the Three One G label released Gnade's EP Life is the Meatgrinder that Sucks in All Things. His backing band was Gabe Serbian and Justin Pearson of The Locust and Head Wound City with Luke Henshaw of Sonido de la Frontera. There were several announcements in January 2018. It also announced that Gnade would be releasing his next record, Voicemails from the Great Satan,  via Justin Pearson's Three One G label and would be supporting the record with a short UK tour with the reunited Youthmovies. In August 2019, Gnade released a collection of acoustic demos entitled The Goddamn Marching Tide" and toured behind the songs with the writer Nathaniel Kennon Perkins.Author
In September 2008, DutchMoney Books released a novel of Gnade's writing that continues the stories of the albums' characters. It is called Hymn California. A novella of connected material entitled The Darkness to the West was released in December 2008 via Punch Drunk Press. In 2011, Gnade released three novellas. California was released by Double Suns studio as a hardback book and The Heat and the Hot Earth and Hey Hey Lonesome were released by Punch Drunk Press. Released in July 2012, Gnade's latest novella was entitled The Growling Mouth, and it was released on the Punch Drunk Press label. In late 2012, Punch Drunk Press released The Hard Fifty Farm, a split chapbook featuring writing by Gnade and Microcosm Distribution/Pioneers Press owner Jessie Duke.In spring 2013, Pioneers Press released Gnade's first work of nonfiction, The Do It Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherfuckin' Sad, which topped Powell's Books small press bestseller list in May 2013. Since its initial release as a zine, The DIY Guide has seen several changes with each new edition. It is now available as a perfect bound book. In 2013, Gnade released The Do-It-Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherfuckin’ Sad which was the top-selling small-press title at Powell's Books in 2013. In December 2013, Gnade's second novel, Caveworld was released Pioneers Press via its literary imprint Punch Drunk Press following a UK, including a series of All Tomorrow's Parties festival dates, with the temporarily reunited Youthmovies. In January 2014, it was announced that his Do It Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherf**kin' Sad was Powell's Books No. 1 bestseller in the small press section.2014 saw the release of three new chapbooks, two new printings of Do It Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherf**kin' Sad, and a month-long book tour. In early 2015 Powell's Books small press section buyer Kevin Sampsell announced that Gnade's Do It Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherf**kin' Sad was the store's small press bestseller for 2014, an honor it was awarded with in 2013 as well. Winter and spring 2015 a 5th printing of the aforementioned book as well as releases of the chapbook series My Brain Was A Shark Eating Itself volumes 1 to 6 (as well as an e-book edition) and the chapbook And in My Dreams You're Alive and You're Crying.In January 2016 it was announced that Gnade's Do It Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherfuckin' Sad was once again the small press bestseller at Powell's Books in 2015, this being the third year in a row at the No. 1 spot. A sixth printing of the book happened in mid-January. In April 2016, Three One G and Pioneers Press issued his latest book, Locust House. Powell's Books announced Gnade's Do-It-Yourself Guide to Fighting the Big Motherf**kin' Sad book was its #1 small bestseller in 2017.In June 2019 it was announced that his next book, This is the End of Something But It's Not the End of You, would be released February 14, 2020 via Pioneers Press and Three One G.Float Me Away, Floodwaters, a short novel, will be released by Three One G and Bread & Roses Press on January 5, 2021. During a West Coast tour in October 2022, Gnade announced his next book would be a novel entitled After Tonight, Everything Will Be Different. Its release date is set for January 5, 2022 via Three One G and Bread & Roses Press. Influences
<mask> has said in interviews and on his website that his music is influenced by Neutral Milk Hotel, Joanna Newsom, noise recordings, field recordings, and old country music. In interviews he has said that his writing is influenced by William Faulkner, Saul Bellow, James Joyce, Ernest Hemingway, and Roberto Bolano. Tour
Gnade tours regularly and generally plays solo or backed by a band. Recent tour-mates have included Youthmovies, Jonquil, Blood Red Shoes, Eugene McGuinness, Blanket, and House of Brothers.He has performed on bills and festivals (including Plan-it-X Fest and various ATP dates) with Calvin Johnson, Starf*****, Fuck Buttons, Angelo Spencer Sonic Youth's Thurston Moore and Lee Ranaldo, Godspeed! You Black Emperor, Television, Tortoise, Múm, Les Savy Fav, Pharmakon, Ghost Mice, Ramshackle Glory, Har Mar Superstar, Wolf Eyes, Dinosaur Jr., Scout Niblett, Castanets, Levon Helm, Dark Hills, Damon Moon and the Whispering Drifters, Under White Pines, Sydney Eloise, Alana Amram, Virgin Forest, The Album Leaf, George Pringle, Foals, and many others. (2009, Punch Drunk Press, three-way split with Ohioan and COASTS)Honey Slides (2007, collaboration with Youthmovies Try Harder Records 2007 and Zankyo in Japan 2009)An Hour of Music with <mask>nade and Megan Michelle (2012, Punch Drunk Press)

Singles
"Prince of the Confederacy" (2006, split cassette release with Gang Wizard, DeathBombArc)Shout the Rafters Down! (2006, five-song digital EP single, Drowned in Sound's "Singles Club")2 (two song single, 2006)

CassettesIsland's Islands (2009, limited edition cassette EP, Punch Drunk Press)Surrenderland: You Could Quit Your Jobs and Run Away Like You Used to, Back When You Did Things Just Because, and Because it Felt Good to Run Away, and Because You Didn’t Worry so Much Like You Do Now… just Because and Leave the A**holes Behind and F*** ‘em Anyway, They Don’t Mean *S*** (2010, cassette, Punch Drunk Press)Live on Simple Folk Radio (2010, Punch Drunk Press)
Split cassette, side a The Wild Homesick EP by Adam Gnade. side b Upon Awakening EP by COASTS (2011, Punch Drunk Press)
Split cassette, side a Adam Gnade (various live tracks), side b Megan Michelle (various selected tracks.)

masks:
Adam Gnade
Gnade
Adam G


title: Judith Davidoff

texts:
<mask> (21 October 1927 – 19 December 2021) was an American viol player, cellist, and performer on the medieval bowed instruments. She was considered "a master of the viola da gamba and other stringed instruments" and "a central part of the early-music scene." Her recorded performances reflect her wide range of repertoire and styles, including such works as Schoenberg's Verklaerte Nacht and 13th-century monody. She is responsible for the catalog of 20th- and 21st-century viol music. Musical education
<mask> began musical studies at age 7 and made her public debut at 12. A native of Boston, she was a graduate of Radcliffe College and the Longy School of Music, where she received a soloist diploma in cello. Long interested in folk music, she studied the Black Sea kemence and the saz in Turkey, and the erhu in Taiwan.In the fifties she took up the viol, which she studied privately with Alison Fowle. Ensembles
<mask> participated in a number of ensembles, performing viols, early strings (vielle, rebec, kemence), the baryton, and the baroque, classical and modern cello. She was a member of American early music ensembles, starting in the fifties with New York Pro Musica, which she joined as a viol and early strings player at the invitation of Noah Greenberg – which caused her to move from Boston to New York City. At the request of the then director of New York Pro Musica, Noah Greenberg, she created a viol consort, which became an independent ensemble in 1972, under the name of New York Consort of Viols, and performed uninterruptedly until 2015, during more than four decades. Under the artistic direction of <mask>, that ensemble presented concerts both in the United States and abroad, as well as offering workshops and outreach activities. The Consort commissioned new works for viols and produced numerous recordings, in its mission to familiarize audiences with the sound and repertoire of the viol. It also collaborated with early music ensembles such as Pomerium, Zephyrus, the Boston Viol Consort, the Yukimi Kambe Viol Consort, the Waverly Consort, the Ensemble for Early Music and Music For A While and Ensemble PHOENIX, Israel (2013).She performed also with the Boston Camerata (founding member – viols, early fiddles, baryton, tromba marina), the Waverly Consort (viols, early fiddles, baroque cello), Music for a While (viols, early fiddles), the Cambridge Consort,  and the Agassiz Trio (classical cello). As a modern cellist, she participated in the Helikon String Quartet (founding member), in the Brandeis University Resident Quartet and the Arioso Trio. Recordings
 Verklaerte Nacht, Music from Marlboro, Columbia Records 1961
 C. Monteverdi, Monteverdi Secular Vocal Works (LP). Hugues Cuénod, Daniel Pinkham, <mask>, Robert Brink. Music Guild Records – MS-109, 1962. Dietrich Buxtehude, Sonatas, op. 1 for violin, viola da gamba and harpsichord.Robert Brink, <mask>,  Daniel Pinkham. Music Guild Records 1965
 J.S. Bach, Six Sonatas For Violin And Harpsichord, Two Sonatas For Violin and Bass Continuo. Sonya Monosoff, James Weaver, <mask>. Cambridge Records CRS B 2822, 1970
 Marin Marais Pièces De Viole (from the second book, 1701), John Hsu, Louis Bagger, <mask>. (LP) Musical Heritage Society, Inc.	MHS 3078, 1974. Dances Of Three Centuries, LaNoue Davenport, <mask>, Susan Evans.(LP) Music Minus One MMO 20, 1974
 Eighteenth Century Recorder Music, LaNoue Davenport, Mark Davenport, <mask>, Edward Smith -  (LP) Music Minus One MMO 211, 1974
 Marin Marais, Pièces De Viole From Suitte d'un goût Etranger, Book Four, 1717 - John Hsu, Louis Bagger, <mask> . (LP)	Musical Heritage Society MHS 3298, 1975. Marin Marais, Pièces De Viole From Book Five, 1725, John Hsu, Louis Bagger, <mask> . (LP) Musical Heritage Society MHS 3356. 1976. Marin Marais,  Pièces De Viole (from the first book, 1686), John Hsu, Louis Bagger, <mask> -  (LP) Musical Heritage Society, Inc. MHS 1809. Las Cantigas de Santa Maria, Waverly Consort, Vanguard
 Trio by Eleanore Corey, CRI Records
 The King's Musicke, New York Pro Musica, Decca Gold Label
 The Play of Herod, New York Pro Musica, Decca Gold Label
 The Renaissance Band, New York Pro Musica, Decca Gold Label
 La Fontaine Amoureuse, Music For A While, 1750 Arch Records
 Cantatas and Arias of Alessandro Stradella with Pilgrim and E. Smith, MHS (Musical Heritage Society) 3242 (viol continuo)
 Heinrich Ignaz Franz von Biber, Eight Sonatas for Violin and Basso Continuo.Sonya Monosoff, <mask>, Peter Wof. PLEIADES RECORDS 2P107, 1982
 Francesco Geminiani, Four Sonatas For Violin And Continuo, Sonya Monosoff, James Weaver, <mask> . (LP) Musical Heritage Society MHS 3744. English Consort Music, New York Consort of Viols, Music Minus One MMO3359, 1975
 William Byrd, Music for Viols and Virginals, New York Consort of Viols & Edward Smith, Musical Heritage Society MHS 3460 [1976]
 Shakespeare, The Sweet Power of Musicke, New York Consort of Viols with actor Tom Klunis and soprano Sheila Schonbrun, Musical Heritage Society MHS 4123,1979
 Fantasias and Consort Songs by Orlando Gibbons, New York Consort of Viols, MHS 1983
 Instrumental Music by John Jenkins, New York Consort of Viols. Musical Heritage Society Inc., MHS Stereo 912047M, 1987 vinyl, also Chrome Cassette MHC 312047K, LC Catalog no. 87-743081
 Dances and Canzonas of Holborne and Brade, The New York Consort of Viols: Viola Da Gamba Society of America Project Recording Volume II (CD) Classic masters	CMCD-1014,1989
 Illicita Cosa – The Forbidden Thing, New York Consort of Viols, Musical Heritage Society MHS 3235M, 1993
 Music of William Byrd, New York Consort of Viols, Lyrichord LEMS-8015, 1995
 Jan DeGaetani in concert, Vol. 4 (live) - © 1999 Bridge Records with Paul O'Dette and Philip West © 1999 Bridge Records
 Sweet Power of Music, Music from Shakespeare's Time, The New York Consort of Viols with soprano Kristin Gould and lute player Grant Herreid.The New York Consort of Viols 2003. Music of Ellen Taafe Zwillich & Eleanor Cory - © 2007 Anthology of recorded Music, Inc. The Road From Valencia, New York Consort of Viols. New York Consort of Viols 2011
 The Silent Waterfall: Solo & Chamber Music by David Loeb, The New York Consort of viols and others. Vienna Modern Masters, 1st Nov 2011. Teaching
She taught at the New England Conservatory and the Longy School of Music while she was a Boston resident. As a New Yorker, she was a member of the music faculties at Sarah Lawrence College, Bronxville, NY (viol, Collegium Musicum) and Columbia Teachers College, New York, NY (viol).She taught also at Columbia University, Extension Division, at SUNY Purchase, Purchase, NY (Music History through Performance), at the Queens College School of Education, Queens, NY, and at Soochow University, Taipei, R.O.C. She was a faculty member of a number of workshops throughout North America, organized by the Viola da Gamba Society of America, the American Recorder Society, and had been the heart of the New York Consort of Viols one-day and weekend workshops and Children's Outreach workshops at the Riccardo O’Gorman Garden and Library, Harlem. She also gave workshops and masterclasses in Australia, Brazil, Israel, Sweden, Taiwan and Turkey. A number of professional viol players studied with <mask>, among them Lucy Bardo, Myrna Herzog, Fortunato Arico, Patricia Neely, Robert Eisenstein, Lesley Retzer, Cecilia Aprigliano. Articles and reviews
<mask> contributed two articles for the Journal of the Viola da Gamba Society of America: “Ann Ford: An Eighteenth-century Portrait” (vol. 30, 1993 p. 51) and “The New York Pro Musica and the Soviet Union: Personal Observations of a Viol Player” (vol. 2, 1965 p.30).Her Ph.D. Dissertation, The Waning and Waxing of the Viol: A Historical Survey and Twentieth-century Catalogue is available online at site of the Viola da Gamba Society of America

References

1927 births
2021 deaths
American cellists
American violists
Women violists
Longy School of Music of Bard College alumni
Radcliffe College alumni
Women cellists
Musicians from Boston

masks:
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Davidoff
Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Judith Davidoff
Davidoff