title: Guido Poppe

texts:
 n.  spec. - CUSPIDARIIDAE
 Contradusta lapillus <mask>, Tagaro & Groh, 2013 - n.  spec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea hungerfordi lovetha <mask>, Tagaro & Buijse, 2005. - n.  subspec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea jandeprezi <mask> & Martin, 1997 - n.  spec.- CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea lefaiti Martin & Poppe, 1989 - n.  spec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Diancta crookshanksi <mask>, Tagaro & Sarino, 2015 - n.  spec. - DIPLOMMATINIDAE
 Diplommatina lourinae <mask> & Sarino, 2015 - n.  spec. - DIPLOMMATINIDAE
 Cerodrillia jerrywallsi <mask> & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus angulatus Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus dolichurus Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus isowai <mask> & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec.- DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus minutissimus Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus particolor Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus similis Stahlschmidt, <mask>ttii Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Tylotiella cloveri <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Tylotiella idae <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Alora turbinata <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec.- EPITONIIDAE
 Cirsotrema browni <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - EPITONIIDAE
 Dannevigena zografakisi (<mask>, Tagaro & Brown, 2006) - n.  spec. - EPITONIIDAE
 Fusinus williami <mask>, 2006 - n.  spec. - FASCIOLARIIDAE
 Cosmetalepas massieri <mask>, Tagaro & Sarino, 2011 - n.  spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Cranopsis floris <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Diodora namibiensis <mask>, Tagaro & Sarino, 2011 - n.  spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula gigantea <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec.- FISSURELLIDAE
 Macroschisma rubra <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Tucetona saggiecoheni <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - GLYCYMERIDIDAE
 Zygoceras okutanii <mask> & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - HALOCERATIDAE
 Morum fatimae <mask> & Brulet, 1999 - n.  spec. - HARPIDAE
 Horaiclavus julieae Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - HORAICLAVIDAE
 Horaiclavus pulchellus Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - HORAICLAVIDAE
 Acesta vitrina <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec.- LIMIDAE
 Cancilla apprimapex Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Cancilla fibula Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Cancilla turneri Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra aliciae <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra arnoldeyasi Poppe & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra baerorum <mask> & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra barbieri <mask> & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec.- MITRIDAE
 Mitra christinae <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra cuyosae <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra edgari <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra gourgueti <mask>, Salisbury & Tagaro, 2015 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra honkeri <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra kantori Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra kilburni <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec.- MITRIDAE
 Mitra lorenzi <mask> & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra magnifica <mask> & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra margaritatus <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra oliverai Poppe, 2008 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra perdulca <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra sarinoae <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra sarmientoi <mask>i <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra strongae Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra terryni Poppe, 2008 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra wareni Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Mitra willani Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Neocancilla hartorum <mask>, Salisbury & Tagaro, 2015 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Scabricola geigeri <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec.- MITRIDAE
 Scabricola martini Poppe & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Scabricola petiti <mask> & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla baisei <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla bellulavaria Dekkers A., Herrmann, Poppe & Tagaro, 2014 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla philpoppei <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla pugnaxa Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla ruberorbis Dekkers A., Herrmann, <mask> & Tagaro, 2014 - n.  spec.- MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla rufogyratus <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Subcancilla zetema Dekkers A., Herrmann, Poppe & Tagaro, 2014 - n.  spec. - MITRIDAE
 Tanea hollmanni <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - NATICIDAE
 Nuculana sufficientia <mask> & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - NUCULANIDAE
 Nucula crystallina <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - NUCULIDAE
 Iphitus boucheti Poppe & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - NYSTIELLIDAE
 Iphitus escondida <mask> & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec.- NYSTIELLIDAE
 Tricolia delicata <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - PHASIANELLIDAE
 Ampullosansonia renephilippei <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - PICKWORTHIIDAE
 Supplanaxis leyteensis <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - PLANAXIDAE
 Bayerotrochus boucheti Anseeuw & <mask>, 2001 - n.  spec. - PLEUROTOMARIIDAE
 Bayerotrochus philpoppei Anseeuw, <mask> & Goto, 2006 - n.  spec. - PLEUROTOMARIIDAE
 Inquisitor frausseni Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Inquisitor harrymonti Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec.- PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Inquisitor lorenzi Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Inquisitor mactanensis Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Inquisitor michaelmonti Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Inquisitor millepunctatus Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Otitoma aureolineata Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Otitoma jennyae Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Otitoma pictolabra Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec.- PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Otitoma porcellana Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Otitoma wiedricki Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - PSEUDOMELATOMIDAE
 Cingulina aikeni <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - PYRAMIDELLIDAE
 Mumiola myrnae <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - PYRAMIDELLIDAE
 Pyramidella guardiarioorum <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - PYRAMIDELLIDAE
 Turbonilla escondida <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - PYRAMIDELLIDAE
 Daphnella areolata Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec.- RAPHITOMIDAE
 Daphnella floridula Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Daphnella graminea Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Daphnella janae Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Daphnella magnifica Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Daphnella pulchrelineata Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Chino, 2014 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Gymnobela bululi Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Kuroshiodaphne aurea Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec.- RAPHITOMIDAE
 Tritonoturris difficilis Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Tritonoturris sottoae Stahlschmidt, <mask> & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - RAPHITOMIDAE
 Alvania nix <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - RISSOIDAE
 Rissoa olangoensis <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - RISSOIDAE
 Rissoina liletae <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - RISSOIDAE
 Ancistrobasis largoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Calliobasis gemmata <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec.- SEGUENZIIDAE
 Calliobasis lapulapui <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Calliobasis magellani <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Fluxinella vitrina Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Halystina globulus Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia balicasagensis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia beloni <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia dabfari Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia keikoae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia trochiformis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Seguenzia elegantissima <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Visayaseguenzia cumingi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Visayaseguenzia maestratii <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Terebellum hubrechti <mask> &

masks: Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppearoozze Poppearo Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppemper Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppearo Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppe Poppearo Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe


title: Guido Poppe

type: original

texts:
 Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - SERAPHIDAE
 Bathymophila tenorioi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- SOLARIELLIDAE
 Microgaza gotoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Minolia condei <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Minolia segersi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Minolia tabakotanii <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Solariella pygmaea <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Solariella sanjuanensis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - SOLARIELLIDAE
 Zetela dedonderorum <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- SOLARIELLIDAE
 Spondylus gloriosus visayensis <mask>, 2010 - n.  subspec. - SPONDYLIDAE
 Pseudostomatella martini <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - STOMATELLIDAE
 Stomatella capieri <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - STOMATELLIDAE
 Stomatella gattegnoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - STOMATELLIDAE
 Stomatella monteiroi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - STOMATELLIDAE
 Cinguloterebra neglecta <mask> & Terryn, 2009 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Cinguloterebra punctum <mask>tschi Poppe, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Myurella okudai <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Pristiterebra frausseni <mask> & Tagaro & Terryn, 2009 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Terebra guphilae <mask> & Tagaro & Terryn, 2009 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Terebra terryni Poppe, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - TEREBRIDAE
 Lophocochlias escondidus <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - TORNIDAE
 Trimusculus escondidus <mask> & Groh, 2008 - n.  spec.- TRIMUSCULIDAE
 Cantharidus nolfi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Cantharidus sendersi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Clanculus boyeti Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Clanculus buijsei Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Clanculus escondidus <mask> & Tagaro & Vilvens, 2009 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Clanculus scotti <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Clanculus simoni <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- TROCHIDAE
 Ethalia catharinae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Gibbula eikoae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Gibbula houarti <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Gibbula vanwalleghemi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Jujubinus escondidus <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Jujubinus geographicus <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Jujubinus guphili <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- TROCHIDAE
 Jujubinus hubrechti <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Pseudominolia tramieri <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Pseudotalopia rainesi <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Rossiteria pseudonucleolus <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Tectus magnificus <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Vanitrochus geertsi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - TROCHIDAE
 Enigmavasum enigmaticum <mask>, 2005.- n.  spec. - TURBINELLIDAE
 Collonista kreipli <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - TURBINIDAE
 Guildfordia superba <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2005. - n.  spec. - TURBINIDAE
 Gemmula chinoi Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - TURRIDAE
 Gemmula contrasta Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - TURRIDAE
 Gemmula oliverai Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec.- TURRIDAE
 Lophiotoma hejingorum Stahlschmidt, Poppe & Tagaro, 2018 - n.  spec. - TURRIDAE
 Macromphalus backeljaui Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - VANIKORIDAE
 Macromphalus magnificus Poppe & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - VANIKORIDAE
 Macromphalus walkeri <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - VANIKORIDAE
 Zeradina fedosovi <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - VANIKORIDAE
 Zeradina parva Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - VANIKORIDAE
 Zeradina translucida <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec.- VANIKORIDAE
 Globivenus banaconensis <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - VENERIDAE
 Alcithoe aillaudorum Bouchet & Poppe, 1988 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Amoria rinkensi <mask>, 1986 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Calliotectum dalli claydoni (Poppe, 1986) - n.  subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Calliotectum egregium Bouchet & Poppe, 1995 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Calliotectum piersonorum Bouchet & <mask>, 1995 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Canalilyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg.- VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola houarti <mask>, 1985  - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola intruderi <mask>, 1985 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola laminusa <mask>ani <mask>itrei <mask>, 1992 - n.  subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Indolyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg. - VOLUTIDAE
 Livonia joerinkensi (<mask>, 1987) - n.  spec.- VOLUTIDAE
 Livoniini Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n. tribe - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria bondarevi Bail & Poppe, 2004 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria boholensis Poppe, 1987 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria brianoi Poppe, 1999 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria boucheti Bail & Poppe, 2004 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria cloveriana gabryae <mask>, 1991 - n.  subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria exorata Bouchet & Poppe, 1988 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria guionetti Poppe & Conde, 2001 - n.  spec.- VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria habei jessicae Bail & Poppe, 2004 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria pauljohnsoni <mask> & Terryn, 2002 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria planicostata fijiensis Bail & Poppe, 2004 - n.  subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Lyria planicostata grohi Bail & Poppe, 2004 - n.  subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Microlyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg. - VOLUTIDAE
 Mitraelyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg. - VOLUTIDAE
 Nannamoria gotoi Poppe, 1992 - n.  spec.- VOLUTIDAE
 Notopeplum cossignani Poppe, 1999 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Notovoluta hoskensae <mask>, 1992 - n.  spec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Notovolutini Bail & Poppe, 2001  - n.  tribe - VOLUTIDAE
 Plicolyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg. - VOLUTIDAE
 Simililyria Bail & Poppe, 2001 - n.  subg. - VOLUTIDAE
 Diodora magnifica <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Diodora occulta <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginella aurea <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec.- FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginella dharmai <mask>, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginella survicapi <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula annielangleitae Poppe & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula balicasagensis <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula boucheti <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula circumalbum <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula colipanoae <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec.- FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula delonguevilleae <mask>, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula gustavi Poppe & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula liuzzii <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula mactanensis <mask>, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula margarita <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula philippinensis <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula quadratum Poppe & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec.- FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula viridibrunneis <mask>, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula viridis <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Emarginula yangeorum Poppe & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Fissurellidea ahuirorum <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Lucapinella henkdekkeri <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Puncturella altaparva <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Puncturella stellasplendida <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec.- FISSURELLIDAE
 Rimula escondida <mask>, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Rimula navis  <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - FISSURELLIDAE
 Calliostoma lequementorum <mask> & Tagaro, 2019 - n. spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Amphidromus escondidus Poppe, 2020 - n. spec. - CAMAENIDAE
 Magnavictoria <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. subgen. - VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola (Magnavictoria) perplicata ronmoylani Poppe & Tagaro, 2020 - n. subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola (Magnavictoria) perplicata lihouensis <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. subspec.- VOLUTIDAE
 Cymbiola (Magnavictoria) perplicata mattiskei <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. subspec. - VOLUTIDAE
 Calliostoma shawni <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Vaceuchelus gotoi <mask> & Tagaro, 2020 - n. spec. - CHILODONTAIDAE

References

External links
 Biography of <mask>. <mask> on Conchology, Inc. Biography of <mask>. <mask>
 Shellers From the Past and the Present
 ResearchGate Profile of <mask>. <mask>
 The database WoRMS lists as of 2021 366 new species described by <mask> (often together with others)
 The database WoRMS lists as of 2021 101 species with the epithet "poppei", most of which were named after <mask>pe

1954 births
Belgian malacologists
Belgian

masks:
Poppe
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Poppearo
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Poppearooebar
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Poppejord
Poppema
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Poppearo
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Poppearo
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Guido T
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Guido T
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Guido Poppe
Guido Pop


title: Maude Barlow

texts:
<mask> (born May 24, 1947) is a Canadian author and activist. She is a founding member of the Council of Canadians, a citizens' advocacy organization with members and chapters across Canada. She is also the co-founder of the Blue Planet Project, which works internationally for the human right to water. <mask> chairs the board of Washington-based Food & Water Watch, is a founding member of the San Francisco–based International Forum on Globalization, and a Councillor with the Hamburg-based World Future Council. In 2008/2009, she served as Senior Advisor on Water to the 63rd President of the United Nations General Assembly and was a leader in the campaign to have water recognized as a human right by the UN. She has authored and co-authored 19 books, including her latest, Boiling Point: Government Neglect, Corporate Abuse, and Canada's Water Crisis and Whose Water is it Anyway? Taking water protection into public hands.Water policy
<mask> propose the remunicipalization of the water and sanitation services because "the public and communities lose control as local government officials abdicate control over a vital public service, private water companies are accountable to their shareholders, not to the people they serve and often restrict public access to information about their operations Because they have to make a profit, they have to cut corners, raise water rates or lay off workers - often all three." Film
<mask> is in the feature documentary film Blue Gold: World Water Wars by Sam Bozzo. <mask> is featured in two other recent documentaries about water rights issues: Irena Salina's documentary Flow: For Love of Water, and Liz Marshall's Water on the Table. <mask> also contributes to a blog associated with Water on the Table. <mask> is the subject of a National Film Board of Canada documentary Democracy à la Maude as well as a CBC TV Life and Times biography. The Bollywood film Paani, being directed by Shekhar Kapur, is based on Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Coming Battle for the Right. Awards
<mask> is the recipient of fourteen honorary doctorates as well as many awards, including the 2005 Right Livelihood Award (known as the "Alternative Nobel"), the 2005 Lannan Foundation Cultural Freedom Fellowship Award, the Citation of Lifetime Achievement at the 2008 Canadian Environment Awards, the 2009 Earth Day Canada Outstanding Environmental Achievement Award, the 2009 Planet in Focus Eco Hero Award, and the 2011 EarthCare Award, the highest international honour of the Sierra Club (US).Published works

Books: Principal author or co-author
Parcel of Rogues: How Free Trade Is Failing Canada – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1990)
Take Back the Nation (with Bruce Campbell) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1992)
Take Back the Nation 2 (with Bruce Campbell) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1993)
Class Warfare: The Assault on Canada's Schools (with Heather-Jane Robertson) – Key Porter Books, Toronto (1994) . Straight through the Heart: How the Liberals Abandoned the Just Society (with Bruce Campbell) – Harper Collins, Toronto (1995) . The Big Black Book: The Essential Views of Conrad and Barbara Amiel Black (with Jim Winter) – Stoddart, Toronto (1997) . MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the Threat to Canadian Sovereignty (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart (1997) . MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment and the Threat to American Freedom (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (1998)
The Fight of My Life: Confessions of an Unrepentant Canadian – Harper Collins, Toronto (1998) . MAI: The Multilateral Agreement on Investment Round 2; New Global and Internal Threats to Canadian Sovereignty (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (1998)
Frederick Street: Life and Death on Canada's Love Canal (with Elizabeth May) – Harper Collins, Toronto (2000)
Global Showdown: How the New Activists Are Fighting Global Corporate Rule (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (2001) . Blue Gold: The Battle Against Corporate Theft of the World's Water (with Tony Clarke) – Stoddart, Toronto (2002) .Profit Is Not the Cure: A Citizen's Guide to Saving Medicare – McCelland & Stewart, Toronto (2002) . Too Close For Comfort; Canada's Future Within Fortress North America – McClelland & Stewart, Toronto (2005) . Blue Covenant: The Global Water Crisis and the Fight for the Right to Water – McClelland & Stewart, Toronto (October 16, 2007) . Also available in French, Arabic, Japanese, Portuguese, Korean, Greek, Turkish, and Spanish. Blue Future: Protecting Water for People and the Planet Forever - House of Anansi, Inc., Toronto (September 2013)  (print version), 978-1-7708-9407-5 (e-book). Boiling Point: Government Neglect, Corporate Abuse, and Canada's Water Crisis - ECW Press, Toronto (September 2016)  (print version). Whose Water is it Anyway?Taking water protection into public hands. - ECW Press, Toronto (September 2019)  (print version). Books: contributing author

Trading Freedom: How Free Trade Affect our Lives, Work, and Environment – Institute for Policy Studies, Washington (1992)
The American Review of Canadian Studies – Twentieth Anniversary Issue of The Association for Canadian Studies in the United States, Washington (1992)
Crossing the Line: Canada and Free Trade With Mexico- New Star Publications, Vancouver (1992)
The Charlottetown Accord, the Referendum, and the Future of Canada – University of Toronto Press, Toronto (1993)
The Trojan Horse: Alberta and the Future of Canada – Black Rose Books, Edmonton (1995)
The Case Against the Global Economy – Sierra Club Books, New York (1996)
Globalization and the Live Performing Arts, Conference Papers – Monash University, Melbourne (2001)
Alternatives to Economic Globalization, a Report of the International Forum on Globalization – Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco (2002)
Whose Water Is It? Video: <mask> <mask>: "The World Has Divided into Rich and Poor as at No Time in History"
 Video: <mask> <mask>: "The Continued Destruction of the Earth Can Go on Quite Happily"
 Right Livelihood Award
 Huffington Post (Canada) – <mask> <mask>
 Watch Democracy à la Maude at NFB.ca

1947 births
Living people
Activists from Toronto
Anti-globalization activists
Anti-globalization writers
Canadian activists
Canadian environmentalists
Canadian feminists
Canadian officials of the United Nations
Canadian political writers
Canadian women activists
Canadian women environmentalists
Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
Privatization in Canada
Water and politics
Water privatization
Writers from Toronto
Canadian nationalists

masks:
Maude Victoria Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Barlow
Maude
Barlow
Maude
Barlow
Maude
Barlow


title: Samuel Ford Whittingham

texts:
Lieutenant General Sir <mask>  (29 January 1772 – 19 January 1841), whose Christian names were contracted by himself and his friends into "Samford", was a British and Spanish army officer during the Napoleonic Wars. Following the conflict he served in the British Army predominately in India. Biography
<mask> was the elder son and second child of <mask> of Bristol. Born in Bristol on 29 January 1772, <mask> was educated at Bristol and was intended for the law. He was determined to become a soldier, but unwilling to oppose his father's wishes during his lifetime, he temporarily entered the mercantile house of his brother-in-law, travelling for it in Spain. In 1797 he was enrolled at Bristol in the mounted volunteers, a force organised among the wealthier citizens following a threatened French invasion. On his father's death, on 12 September 1801 (aged 60), at Earl's Mead, Bristol, Samford, who was in Spain, became independent, and took steps to enter the army.On his return to England he was gazetted ensign on 20 January 1803. He bought a lieutenancy on 25 February, and was brought into the 1st Life Guards on 10 March the same year. He went to the military college at High Wycombe, and joined his regiment in London towards the end of 1804. Introduced by Thomas Murdoch, an influential merchant, to William Pitt the Younger, the then Prime Minister, as an officer whose knowledge of the Spanish language would be useful, <mask> was sent by Pitt at the end of 1804 on a secret mission to the Iberian Peninsula, and during absence promoted, on 14 February 1805, to be captain in the 20th Foot. On his return he was complimented by Pitt, and on 13 June 1805 he was transferred to the command of a troop in the 13th Light Dragoons. On 12 November 1806 <mask> sailed from Portsmouth as deputy-assistant quartermaster-general of the force, under Brigadier-general Robert Craufurd, intended for Lima; but on arrival at the Cape of Good Hope on 15 March 1807 its destination was changed, and on 13 June it reached Montevideo, recently captured by Sir <mask>ty. General John Whitelocke had arrived to take command of the combined forces, and as <mask>'s staff appointment ceased on the amalgamation of the forces, Whitelocke made him an extra aide-de-camp to himself.He took part in the disastrous attack on Buenos Aires and in the capitulation on 6 July, and sailed for England on 30 July. He gave evidence before the general court-martial, by which Whitelocke was tried in London in February and March 1808. Owing to his having served on Whitelocke's personal staff, <mask>'s position was a delicate one; but he acquitted himself with discretion. <mask> was immediately afterwards appointed deputy-assistant quartermaster-general on the staff of the army in Sicily. On arrival at Gibraltar, however, he acted temporarily as assistant military secretary to Lieutenant-general Sir Hew Dalrymple, the governor, and, hearing of a projected campaign of the Spaniards under Don Xavier Castaños against the French, obtained leave to join Castaños as a volunteer, with instructions to report in detail to Dalrymple on the progress of affairs. This special duty was approved from home on 2 July 1808, and on the 18th of the same month <mask> was appointed a deputy-assistant quartermaster-general to the force under Sir Arthur Wellesley, but was ordered to remain with Castaños. He took part under La Peña on 18 July 1808 in the victorious battle of Baylen, and for his services was made a colonel of cavalry in the Spanish army on 20 July.On his recovery from a severe attack of rheumatic fever, <mask> was sent to Seville on a mission from the Duke of Infantado, and in February 1809 joined the army corps of the Duke of Alburquerque in La Mancha, where he took part in several cavalry affairs with such distinction that he was promoted to be brigadier-general in the Spanish army, to date from 2 March 1809. He was present at the battle of Medellin on 28 March, when the Spanish general Cuesta was defeated by the French general Victor-Perrin. On this occasion <mask> re-formed the routed cavalry and led them against the enemy. He reported constantly throughout these campaigns to the British minister in Spain, John Hookham Frere, as to the state and operations of the Spanish army. A short time previous to Wellesley's advance into Spain <mask> joined the British headquarters on the frontier of Portugal, and became the medium of communication with the Spanish general Cuesta. On 28 July at the battle of Talavera he was severely wounded when gallantly bringing up two Spanish battalions to the attack, and was mentioned in Sir Arthur Wellesley's despatch of 29 July 1809. He went to Seville to recover, and lived with the British minister, Lord Wellesley; employing himself during his convalescence in translating Dundas's Cavalry Movements into Spanish.He was promoted to be major-general in the Spanish army on 12 August. On the appointment of Castaños to be captain-general of Andalusia, <mask> became one of his generals of division. At Isla-de-Leon, whither he went by Sir Arthur Wellesley's direction to see General Venegas about the defence of Cadiz, he was given the command of the Spanish cavalry, which he remodelled upon British lines. <mask> served in command of a force of Spanish cavalry and infantry under La Peña at the battle of Barrosa, on 5 March 1811, and kept in check a French corps of cavalry and infantry which attempted to turn the Barossa heights by the seaward side. In June he went to Palma, Majorca, with the title of inspector-general of division, and, in spite of the opposition and intrigues of Don Gregorio Cuesta, captain-general of the Balearic Islands, raised a cavalry corps two thousand strong, and established in February 1812 a college in Palma for the training of officers and cadets of his division. On 24 July 1812 the Majorca division embarked for the eastern coast of Spain to co-operate with the troops under Lord William Bentinck from Sicily. In October <mask>'s corps (increased to seven thousand) was employed on outpost duty with its headquarters at Muchamiel, three miles from Alicante.In March 1813 <mask> was appointed inspector-general of both the cavalry and infantry troops of his division. He was engaged on the 7th of the month in the affair of Xegona, and on the 15th in the affair of Concentayña was wounded by a musket-ball in the right cheek, and was on both occasions most favourably mentioned by Sir John Murray in despatches. On 13 April he took part in the victorious battle of Castalla, and was again mentioned in despatches. When Murray invested Tarragona on 3 June <mask>'s division occupied the left. On Suchet's advance to relieve the place <mask> vainly suggested to Murray that a corps of observation should be left before Tarragona, and that Murray should move to meet Suchet with all his force. The siege was raised. Murray was relieved in command of the army by Lord William Bentinck, and <mask> covered the retreat, checking and repulsing the French column in pursuit, and joining the main army again at Cambrils.In July he was given the command of the cavalry of the II and III army corps in addition to his own division. In March 1814 <mask> escorted King Ferdinand VII in his progress to Madrid, and was presented with a mosaic snuffbox by the king, who on 16 June 1814 promoted him to be lieutenant-general in the Spanish army. On 4 June Wellington wrote from Madrid to the Duke of York, in anticipation of <mask>'s return home: "He has served most zealously and gallantly from the commencement of the war in the peninsula, and I have had every reason to be satisfied with his conduct in every situation in which he has been placed". <mask> was promoted to be colonel in the British army and appointed aide-de-camp to the prince regent from the date of Wellington's letter. In January and February 1815 <mask> gave evidence in London before the general court-martial for the trial of Sir John Murray. On 3 May he was made a companion of the order of the Bath, and also knighted. On Napoleon's escape from Elba <mask> returned to Spain, at the special request of King Ferdinand, who conferred upon him the grand cross of the order of San Fernando.He was employed as a lieutenant-general in the Spanish army under General Castaños. When the war was over he resided at Madrid, enjoying the favour of the court, and using for good such influence as he possessed with the king. In July 1819 he took leave of the Spanish court, upon accepting the Lieutenant-governorship of Dominica. Sir Henry Wellesley wrote at this time to Lord Castlereagh, expressing the sense he entertained of <mask>'s services both during the war and after, and reporting that he left Spain with the testimony of all ranks in his favour, "but without any other reward from the government for the valuable services rendered by him to the Spanish cause than that of being allowed to retain his rank in the Spanish army". His private means had been reduced by losses, and he was at this time a poor man with an increasing family. He arrived at Dominica on 28 March 1820. On his departure to take up the appointment, dated 5 October 1821, of quartermaster-general of the king's troops in India, the inhabitants presented him with the grand cross of San Fernando set in diamonds, while the non-resident proprietors of estates in the island gave him a sword of honour.On his arrival in England he was made a knight commander of the Hanoverian Guelphic Order. Whittingham reached Calcutta on 2 November 1822. He was busy in 1824 with the preparations for the expedition to Ava, and in November of that year with the Barrackpur Mutiny. On 27 May 1825 he was promoted to be major-general, retaining his appointment as quartermaster-general until a command became vacant. He took part in the siege of Bhartpur, was slightly wounded on 13 January 1826, but was present at the capture on the 18th. He was made a knight commander of the order of the Bath, military division, on 26 December, for his services at Bhartpur, and received the thanks of the House of Commons. In February 1827 he was appointed to command the Cawnpore Division.On 1 November 1830 he was transferred to the Mirat Command, on exchange with Sir Jasper Nicholl. His tenure of command came to an end in August 1833, and he then acted temporarily as military secretary to his old commander, Lord William Bentinck, the governor-general, with whom he returned to England in 1835. On arrival in England in July he was near fighting a duel with Sir William Napier, on account of the slur which he considered that Napier had cast on the Spanish troops in his History of the War in the Peninsula, but the matter was arranged by Sir Rufane Donkin. In October 1836 <mask> was appointed to the command of the forces in the Windward and Leeward Islands of the West Indies. He sailed for Barbados on 22 December, with the local, exchanged in a few months for the substantive, rank of lieutenant-general. In September 1839 he was given the command of the Madras Army; he arrived at Madras on 1 August 1840, and died there suddenly on 19 January 1841. He was buried with military honours at Fort George on the following day, salutes being fired at the principal military stations of the presidency.A tablet to his memory was placed in the garrison church, Madras. Works
Whittingham published:
(1811) Primera Parte de la Táctica de la Caballeria Inglesa traducida, 8vo
(1815) A System of Manœuvres in Two Lines
A System of Cavalry Manœuvres in Line, London and Madrid, 8vo. He was the author of several unpublished papers on military and political subjects, which in 1900 were in possession of the family. A list of them is given in the Memoir of <mask>'s Services (1868), which has as frontispiece a portrait engraved by H. Adlard from an original miniature. <mask> married at Gibraltar, in January 1810, Donna Magdalena, elder of twin daughters of Don Pedro de Creus y Ximenes, intendant of the Spanish royal armies, by whom he had a large family, and several of his sons were in the army. Notes

References

Attribution

 Endnotes:
War Office Records;
Despatches;
Royal Military Cal. 1820;
Gent.Mag.''' 1841;
 Memoir of the Services of Sir <mask> <mask>, &c., edited by Major-general <mask>, C.B., 8vo, London, 1868, new edit. same year;
Southey's Peninsular War;
 Watt's Bibl. Brit. ;
 Allibone's Dict. of English Lit. ;
 Cannon's Regimental Records of the 71st Highland Light Infantry''.1772 births
1841 deaths
Governors of Dominica
Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
British East India Company Army generals
British Army generals
Spanish generals
Commanders-in-chief of Madras
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

masks:
Samuel Ford Whittingham
Whittingham
William Whittingham
Samuel Ford
Whittingham
Whittingham
Samuel Auchmu
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Whittingham
Family Whittingham
Samuel Ford
Whittingham
Ferdinand Whittingham


title: Omar ibn Said

texts:
<mask> ( ʿUmar bin Saʿīd; 1770–1864) was a Fula Islamic scholar from Futa Toro in West Africa (present-day Senegal), who was enslaved and transported to the United States in 1807. There, while enslaved for the remainder of his life, he wrote a series of Arabic-language works on history and theology, including a posthumously famous autobiography. Biography
<mask> was born to a wealthy family in the Imamate of Futa Toro, an Islamic theocratic state located along the Middle Senegal River in West Africa. He was an Islamic scholar and a Fula who spent 25 years of his life studying with prominent Muslim scholars, learning a range of subjects including mathematics, astronomy, business, and theology. In 1807, he was captured during a military conflict, enslaved and taken across the Atlantic Ocean to the United States. He escaped from a cruel master in Charleston, South Carolina, and journeyed to Fayetteville, North Carolina. There he was recaptured, sent to jail, and later sold to James Owen, who <mask> described as being gracious towards him.The Owen family was impressed by <mask>'s education, and they provided him with an English translation of the Quran. He also received an Arabic translation of the Bible with the help of Francis Scott Key, author of "The Star-Spangled Banner." <mask> was offered multiple opportunities to return to Africa, but he chose to remain in the United States, citing his uncertainty that his family and his people were still intact. He lived into his mid-nineties and was still enslaved at the time of his death in 1864. He was buried in Bladen County, North Carolina. <mask> Sa'id was also known as Uncle Moreau and Prince Omeroh. Although <mask> was converted to Christianity on December 3, 1820, there are dedications to Muhammad written in his Bible, and a card dated 1857 on which he wrote Surat An-Nasr, a short sura which refers to the conversion of non-Muslims to Islam 'in multitudes.'The back of this card contains another person's handwriting in English misidentifying the sura as the Lord's Prayer and attesting to <mask>'s status as a good Christian. Additionally, while others writing on <mask>'s behalf identified him as a Christian, his own autobiography and other writings offer more of an ambiguous position. In the autobiography, he still offers praise to Muhammad when describing his life in his own country; his references to "Jesus the Messiah" in fact parallel Quranic descriptions of Jesus (who is called المسيح 'the Messiah' a total of eleven times in the Quran), and descriptions of Jesus as 'our lord/master' ( ) employ the typical Islamic honorific for prophets and is not to be confused with Lord ( ); and description of Jesus as 'bringing grace and truth' (a reference to John 1:14) is equally appropriate to the conception of Jesus in Islam. Literary analysis of <mask>'s autobiography suggests that he wrote it for two audiences, the white literates who sought to exploit his conversion to Christianity and Muslim readers who would recognize Qur'anic literary devices and subtext and understand his position as a fellow Muslim living under persecution. In a letter written to Sheikh Hunter regarding the autobiography, he apologized for forgetting the "talk" of his homeland and ended the letter saying: "O my brothers, do not blame me," with the knowledge that Hunter would require Arabic-speaking translators to read the message. Scholar Basima Kamel Shaheen argues that <mask>'s spiritual ambiguity may have been purposefully cultivated to impress upon a wide readership the injustices of slavery. Manuscripts

<mask> <mask> is widely known for fourteen manuscripts that he wrote in Arabic.Out of all of his Arabic manuscripts, he is best known for his autobiographical essay, The Life of <mask> <mask>, written in 1831. It describes some of the events of his life and includes reflections on his steadfast adherence to Islam and his openness towards other "God-fearing" people. On the surface, the document may appear to be tolerant towards slavery; however, <mask> begins it with Surat Al-Mulk, a chapter from the Qur'an, which states that only God has sovereignty over human beings. The manuscript is the only known Arabic autobiography by a slave in America. It was sold within a collection of Sa'id's documents between private collectors prior to its acquisition by the Library of Congress in 2017. It has since been treated for preservation and made viewable online. Most of <mask>'s other work consisted of Islamic manuscripts in Arabic, including a handwritten copy of some short chapters (surat) from the Qur'an that are now part of the North Carolina Collection in the Wilson Library at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Transcribing from memory, <mask> made some mistakes in his work, notably at the start of Surat An-Nasr. His Bible, a translation into Arabic published by a missionary society, which has notations in Arabic by <mask>, is part of the rare books collection at Davidson College. Sa'id was also the author of a letter, dated 1819, addressed to James Owen's brother, Major John Owen, written in Arabic and containing numerous Quranic references (including from the above-mentioned Surat Al-Mulk), which also includes several geometric symbols and shapes which point to its possible esoteric intentions. This letter, currently housed in Andover Theological Seminary, is reprinted in Allen Austin's African Muslims in Antebellum America: A Sourcebook. Legacy
In 1991, a mosque in Fayetteville, North Carolina renamed itself Masjid <mask> Sayyid in his honor. The opera <mask>, inspired by <mask> and written by Rhiannon Giddens and Michael Abels, is set to debut in 2022 in Charleston. Gallery

See also
 Islam in the United States
 List of slaves

References

Further reading

External links

<mask> <mask> Collection at Library of Congress

African-American Muslims
American people of Senegalese descent
American people of Fulbe descent
19th-century American slaves
19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
1770 births
1864 deaths
American theologians
American autobiographers
American historians
Muslim historians
Senegalese non-fiction writers
Writers from Charleston, South Carolina
People from Bladen County, North Carolina

masks:
Omar ibn Said
Omar ibn Said
Omar ibn Said
ibn Said
Ibn Said
Omar ibn
ibn Said
Omar
Omar
ibn Said
Said
Omar ibn
Said
Omar Ibn
Said
Said
Said
ibn Said
Omar
Omar ibn
Omar
ibn Said
Omar Ibn
Said


title: Nikoghos Tahmizian

texts:
<mask> (1926–2011, ; also spelled: Nikogos Tahmizyan) was an Armenian musicologist, theorist and historian. His professional accomplishments were to decipher neumes (khaz)  of Armenian church music, analyze the musical theory of old Armenia and research the life and works of Armenian composers from medieval times to modern era. <mask>'s discoveries in the area of the medieval Armenian notational system open a door to understanding and interpreting the liturgical chants (Шаракан)  of the period. His book Modern Neumology  (2003) summarizes his forty years of research in the field. Several dozen neumatic symbols have now been revealed, defined, categorized and interpreted as a result of his work. His research into the musical heritage of Armenia revealed and explained the most crucial periods in the history of Armenian music and its notorious representatives. He brought to life the musical contributions of Mesrop Mashtots (5th century), Sahak Partev (Isaac of Armenia, 4th/5th century), Movses Khorenatsi (5th century), Gregory of Narek (Grigor Narekatsi, 10th century), Nerses Shnorhali (12th century), Sayat-Nova (18th century), Makar Yekmalian (19th century), Dikran Tchouhadjian (19th century), Komitas (early 20th century) and others.His work placed an overall historical perspective of the musical development in Armenia from 5th to 20th Centuries. He categorized the period from ancient times to the 12th century as an ascending era, and the timeframe from 13th to 18th centuries as a period of creative decline. He also conducted extensive research into the theory of Armenian music from the pagan era to the church music of the 8th Century A.D. In his defining book  entitled 'Theory of Music in Ancient Armenia' (published in Armenia, 1977, in Russian) he interpreted and classified the modal system used during this period. He also analyzed the metric and rhythmic constructs and their formational significance. He explained the uniqueness of the Armenian oktoechos and shed light upon the conceptual and aesthetical issues of the medieval music of Armenia. Moreover, he brought into focus the specific characteristics of the Armenian modes as compared and contrasted with Persian, Arabic, Turkish, as well as Greek, Russian and Caucasian modal systems.Throughout his career, Tahmizian published over a dozen books and around two hundred articles and essays in Armenian, Russian, English, French and Polish. He has also delivered over 60 academic lectures in universities and conservatories throughout the former Soviet Union, as well as London (1978), Rome (1981), Tokyo (1985), Paris (1989), San Francisco (1990) and New York City (1993). He contributed to the Russian Music Encyclopedia (published from 1973 to 1982 in Moscow, six volumes, in Russian), and Armenian Encyclopedia (published from 1974 to 1987 in Yerevan, thirteen volumes, in Armenian). Brief biography

Born in Athens, Greece on May 9, 1926. Received elementary education at the local Armenian school, followed by high school at the Melkonian Educational Institute in Cyprus on a merit based scholarship. After graduation in 1945, being recognized as a promising young musical scholar, he received a fully funded fellowship for a seven-year academic course at the Music Conservatory of Brussels, Belgium. The "Repatriation Movement", however, initiated by the government of post-war Armenia, changed his plans.Along with over one hundred thousand Armenians (scattered around the globe as a direct result of the 1915 Genocide) he moved to Soviet Armenia in 1946. In September of that year, he was admitted and started his education at the Romanos Melikian Musical College of Yerevan – graduating in 1950. From 1950 to 1956 he attended the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory, Musicology Department. He completed his graduate studies with a thesis on 13th century Armenian monk Hovhannes Yerznkatzi's views on music theory. From 1947 to 1956 Tahmizian worked at the Yerevan Opera House occupying the chair of third French Horn in the orchestra. From 1956 to 1960 he completed his post-graduate studies at St. Petersburg State Conservatory under the mentorship of renowned music scholar Christopher Kushnarev. It was here that he met his lifetime soul mate Svetalan Nikitina (later Svetlana <mask>) – a talented musician studying with the famous pianist and organist Professor Braudo (Браудо, Исайя Александрович).From 1960 to 1990 he was a senior researcher at Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts (Matenadaran) in Yerevan, Armenia. During the same period he actively collaborated with the Composers' Union of Armenia, Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory and the Armenian National Academy of Sciences. Tahmizian upheld his dissertation for doctoral candidacy in 1962 on the history of Armenian music from 5th to 8th centuries A.D. In 1980 he obtained an honorary doctorate degree presenting the publication of his monumental work "Theory of Music in Ancient Armenia." In 1984 he was awarded an honorary title for his accomplishments in musical arts by the government of Armenia. In 1987 he was granted professorship of musical sciences by the music history department of the Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory. From 1990 to 2011 he resided in Pasadena, California.He was honored to become a US citizen in 1995. During this time he continued his research and involvement in Armenian music history. He published five books and a dozen articles. He also lectured in various US cities. Books

Tamburist Harutin, 18th Century, A Manual of Eastern Music (translation from Armenian-lettered Turkish into Russian, foreword and commentaries by N. Tahmizian), Yerevan, 1968, with a summary in English. Nerses Shnorhali (Nerses IV the Gracious 12th Century), Composer and Musician, Yerevan, 1973, in Armenian with a summary in French. The Theory of Music in Ancient Armenia (until the 10th Century), Yerevan, 1977, in Russian with a summary in English.Makar Yekmalian (Makar Yekmalian, 19th Century), Life and Works, Yerevan, 1981, in Armenian. Music in Ancient and Medieval Armenia (a brochure in three languages – Armenian, Russian, English), Yerevan, 1982. Voskeporik – Pearls of Armenian Art Song (Anthology Reflecting the Unity of Armenian Poetry and Music from 5th to 20th Centuries), Compiled and Edited by N. <mask>, Yerevan, 1982, foreword in Armenian, Russian and English. Grigor Narekatsi (Gregory of Narek, 10th Century) and Armenian Music from 5th to 15th Centuries, Yerevan, 1985, in Armenian with a summary in English. Music in Armenian Cilicia (1080 to 1375 A.D.), Lecturer's Manual, Yerevan, 1989, in Armenian. Hakobos Aivazian (19th to 20th Centuries) – A Manual of Eastern Music, translation from Western Armenian into Russian, foreword and commentaries by N. <mask>, Yerevan, 1989, with an English summary. Voskeporik – Pearls of Armenian Art Song – Revised and Extended Version, Drazark Press, Pasadena, CA, 1994."Komitas (Komitas Vardapet and the Musical Legacy of the Armenian People, in Armenian, Drazark Press, Pasadena, CA, 1994. Sayat-Nova and the Armenian Minstrel Tradition, in Armenian, Drazark Press, Pasadena, CA, 1995. Tigran Chukhajian – Life and Work, in Armenian, Drazark Press, Pasadena, CA, 1999. Modern Neumology, in Armenian, Drazark Press, Pasadena, CA, 2003

 Articles and publications A Page from Early Medieval Armenian Musical Theory, (in Armenian), Banber Matenadarani publication, Yerevan, 1960 v. 5.Pages from the Early Medieval Armenian Musical Aesthetics, (in Armenian), Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 1961, v. 2. "The Study of Sound in Ancient and Medieval Armenia, (in Armenian), Banber Matenadarani publication, Yerevan, 1962, v. 6. On the Melodies of Sayat-Nova's Armenian Language Songs, (in Armenian), Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 1963, v. 10. Pages from the Medieval Armenian Musical Aesthetics, (in Armenian), Etchmiadzin publication, Armenia, 1963, v. 11.Mesrop Mashtots and the Art of Armenian Sacred Music, (in Armenian), Banber Matenadarani publication, Yerevan, 1964, v. 7.An Analytical Survey of the Ancient and Medieval History of Armenian Music until 19th Century, Lraber Journal of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 1970 v. 10, 1971 vv 1, 5, 9, in Armenian.Monodische Denkmaler Alt – Armeniens. Die Tradition Der Armenischen Psalmodie, Beitrage Zur Musikwissenschaft Publishing, Berlin, 1970, v. 1 (German).Les Anciens Manuscrits Musicaux Armeniens et Les Questions Relatives a Leur Dechiffrement, Revue des Études Arméniennes journal, 1970, v. 7 (French).Mutual Links between Armenian and Byzantine Music in the Early Middle Ages (in Polish), Muzyka Journal, Poland, 1977, v. 1.Position and Significance of Music in the System of Professional Arts in Medieval Armenia (5th to 15th Centuries, (in English), a publication of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 1978.David the Invincible (David Anhaght) and the Armenian Musical Culture, (in English), a publication of the Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 1980.The Monumental-Decorative Style in the Armenian Professional Music of the 10th to 15th Centuries, (in French), a publication of Terzo Simposio Internazionale Di Arte Armena, Venezia, 1981.On the Unity of the Poetic Text and Music in the Armenian Hymnal, (in French), Revue des Études Arméniennes'' journal, 1983, Paris, v. 17. Honors and titles
 Honorary Doctorate in Musicology, 1980, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, USSR
 Accomplished Fellow of Arts, Academy of Sciences of Armenia, 1984, Yerevan, Armenia
 Honorary Professor, Komitas State Conservatory of Armenia, 1987, Yerevan, Armenia

References

External links
Christopher Kushnarev
Isaia Braudo

1926 births
2011 deaths
Greek emigrants to the Soviet Union
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Writers from Athens
Ethnic Armenian historians
Greek historians
Greek people of Armenian descent
Greek expatriates in Cyprus

masks:
Nikoghos Tahmizian
Tahmizian
Tahmizian
Tahmizian
Tahmizian


title: Irwin M. Jacobs

texts:
<mask> (born October 18, 1933) is an American electrical engineer and businessman. He is a co-founder and former chairman of Qualcomm, and chair of the board of trustees of the Salk Institute. As of 2019, <mask> has an estimated net worth of $1.2 billion. Early life and education
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He earned his Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Cornell University in 1956, and his Master of Science and Doctor of Science degrees in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1957 and 1959, respectively. His doctoral advisor was Edward Arthurs. He is a member of Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity.Career
<mask> was assistant and associate professor of electrical engineering at MIT from 1959 to 1966 and professor of computer science and engineering at University of California San Diego (UCSD) from 1966 to 1972. With John Wozencraft, he co-authored a textbook entitled Principles of Communication Engineering in 1965, which is still in use today. UCSD's Jacobs School of Engineering is named for him and his wife. In 1968, <mask> co-founded Linkabit Corporation with Andrew Viterbi to develop satellite encryption devices. That company merged with M/A-COM, Inc. in 1980, becoming M/A-COM Linkabit. In 1985, <mask> went on to co-found Qualcomm Inc. along with Viterbi, Harvey White, Adelia Coffman, Andrew Cohen, Klein Gilhousen, and Franklin Antonio. Qualcomm developed the OmniTRACS system that was deemed one of the world's most "technologically advanced two-way mobile satellite communications and tracking systems".He pioneered these systems which use the communication bandwidth more efficiently than the older fixed time-sliced TDMA technology. Its Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) has been adopted as one of two digital standards (the other being Global System for Mobile Communications [GSM]) used in the next generation of cellular telephones in North America at the time. <mask> announced in March 2009 that he had stepped down as chairman of Qualcomm and that Paul E<mask>, his son, would succeed him. Affiliations
<mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1982 for contributions to communication theory and practice, and leadership in high-technology product development. He is also a Fellow of the IEEE. He is a member of the Inter-American Dialogue. He is a chairman on the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, and is on the international advisory board for the Israel Institute of Technology.He is on the advisory board for the School of Economics and Management at Tsinghua University in Beijing. He is on the board of directors of the Pacific Council on International Policy in Los Angeles. Awards and honors

In 1980, <mask> was the co-recipient, with Andrew J. Viterbi, the 1980 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) biannual award. In 1992, <mask> was awarded the Entrepreneur of the Year Award in High Technology by the Institute of American Entrepreneurs, and in May 1993, he was awarded the American Electronics Association (AEA) "Inventing America's Future" award. In 1994, for his development of CDMA, <mask> was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. In 1994, he was also awarded the "Cornell University Entrepreneur of the Year" Award. In 1995, <mask> won the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal – For outstanding contributions to telecommunications, including leadership, theory, practice, and product development.In 2001, <mask> was awarded the Bower Award for Business Leadership in 2001. In 2004, <mask> and his wife <mask> are contributors to public arts and education in San Diego. For this, <mask> was awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Corporate Citizenship in 2004. In 2005, <mask> delivered the 2005 commencement speech at MIT, and the 2008 commencement speech at the Jacobs School of Engineering. In 2007, <mask> and Viterbi received the 2007 IEEE/RSE Wolfson James Clerk Maxwell Award, for "fundamental contributions, innovation, and leadership that enabled the growth of wireless telecommunications". In 2009, he was named a Fellow of AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science). In 2011, he received the Marconi Prize together with Jack Wolf.In 2011, he was named a Marconi Prize recipient and Marconi Fellow. In 2011, <mask> was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. In 2012, <mask> was named the W. P. Carey School of Business Dean's Council of 100 Executive of the Year. In 2013, <mask> was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 2013, he received the Medal of Honor from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which is the highest honor an engineer can receive from his or her peers. The IEEE said he was receiving the award not just for his innovations but for "the ability to translate innovation into industry applications, time after time after time." In November 2013, he was conferred the title of "Distinguished Honor Chair Professor"  of National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.In 2013, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. In August and October 2014, <mask> was awarded honorary doctorates by National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, and Hong Kong Polytechnic University. In 2014, <mask> was elected to the Computer History Museum as a Fellow – for "his pioneering work in digital mobile telephony, data and communications, and technology". In 2015, <mask> received the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy. In 2017, <mask> and Viterbi received the IEEE Milestone Award for their CDMA and spread spectrum development that drives the mobile industry. In February 2018, he was appointed an honorary advisor to the president of National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. In March 2018, he was named the winner of IMEC Lifetime of Innovation Award.In July 2019, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of York, UK. In October 2019, he received the IET Mountbatten Medal in London. Philanthropy
As the co-founder and chairman of Qualcomm, <mask> has contributed hundreds of millions of dollars to the field of education through generous donations and grants to several schools and organizations. His donations have gone mostly towards fellowships and scholarships for deserving students in the fields of engineering and computer science, as well as the arts, and are focused in the San Diego area. The San Diego Union-Tribune in 2011 dubbed him the "Philanthropist in Chief". As of September 2009, <mask> had donated a total of $31 million to his post graduate degrees school, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He had donated $15 million and another $110 million to the University of California San Diego where he was a professor of computer science and engineering for several years.Additionally, he has donated $62 million total to the American Society for Technion, his alma mater Cornell University, and KPBS Radio and Television. His KPBS donation was in the sum of $1 million, and the multi-year gift is designed to strengthen the station's local journalism and news collaboration with NPR. The <mask> have donated funds to build studios for KPBS and have supported the station for decades. In 2010, he funded an engineering study on how to fulfill a long-planned proposal to remove automobiles from the Plaza de Panama in San Diego's Balboa Park and agreed to chair a committee to study the proposal and develop private funding for it. <mask> and <mask> donated $5 million in 2002 to the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego downtown location for the renovation of the former train station baggage building which was named in their honor. <mask> has pledged $120 million for the San Diego Symphony, a similar amount for the Jacobs School of Engineering at the University of California San Diego, $100 million for UCSD's future specialty hospital and $20 million to replace the central library in downtown San Diego. Also in 2005, the Joan and <mask> Jacobs Center for La Jolla Playhouse was named after <mask> and his wife in honor of their philanthropic contributions towards the institution's development.In April 2013, the <mask> donated $133 million to the joint Cornell Tech campus development on Roosevelt Island in New York City. The Joan and Irwin Jacobs TIX Institute at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, was sponsored by <mask> with the mission of encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship. The American Civil Liberties Union Foundation announced in January 2022 that it was renaming its list of pending United States Supreme Court cases the "Joan and <mask> Supreme Court Docket" in honor of the couple's $20 million gift, the largest one-time endowment gift in the organization's history. The Giving Pledge
In August 2010, <mask> and <mask> joined the Giving Pledge, pledging to give away most of their fortune to philanthropy. Personal life
In 1954, <mask> married a New York City native, dietician, and fellow Cornell graduate (1952), Joan Klein. They reside in La Jolla, California, and have four sons. Their son Paul E<mask> succeeded <mask> as CEO of Qualcomm until stepping down in March 2014.<mask> was the chief marketing officer of Qualcomm. <mask>, the second oldest, played on the 1985 USA Maccabiah Games volleyball team, and is a co-producer of the musical Jersey Boys. Their eldest son, Gary E<mask>, is the head of the board of the Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech High Charter School. His granddaughter, <mask>, a Democratic politician, is the representative for California's 53rd congressional district. Notes

External links
 Biography from QUALCOMM.com

1933 births
American billionaires
Jewish American philanthropists
American philanthropists
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT School of Engineering faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
National Medal of Technology recipients
Qualcomm people
Businesspeople from San Diego
University of California, San Diego faculty
<mask> family (telecom)
Salk Institute for Biological Studies people
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
21st-century American Jews
Members of the Inter-American Dialogue

masks:
Irwin Mark Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
. Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Joan Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Irwin
Joan Jacobs
Jacobs
Irwin
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Irwin Jacobs
Irwin
Joan Jacobs
Jacobs
. Jacobs
Irwin
Jeff Jacobs
Hal Jacobs
. Jacobs
Sara Jacobs
Jacobs


title: Spencer S. Wood

texts:
Rear Admiral <mask> (7 August 1861 – 30 July 1940) was a United States Navy officer. His career included service in the Spanish–American War and World War I, command of battleships and cruisers, and duty as an aide to a number of senior naval leaders. Early life
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, on 7 August 1861. His family moved to New York City – politically separate from Brooklyn at the time – while he was an infant, and he lived there until the age of 11. He then moved with his grandparents to Flushing, New York, where he attended the Flushing Institute. In June 1877, <mask> applied to take the competitive examination for admission to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, but was turned away for being too young. In 1878, he was appointed to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, from the 1st Congressional District of New York by Congressman James W. Covert.He passed the entrance examination and entered the Naval Academy as a cadet midshipman on 28 June 1878. Naval career

1882–1898
<mask> graduated from the Naval Academy second in his class in 1882. His first assignment was aboard the screw sloop-of-war  at Hampton Roads, Virginia. After about a year, he transferred in 1883 to duty as an aide on the staff of Rear Admiral George H. Cooper, commander of the Home Squadron, aboard the screw frigate , during which duty he accompanied Cooper on a visit to Caracas, Venezuela, to attend the unveiling of a statue of George Washington there. In May 1884, <mask> passed the final examination at the Naval Academy for his final graduation, remaining second his class, and he was promoted to ensign on 1 July 1884. He then was assigned to the Naval Experimental Battery at Annapolis for work on new Navy guns and gunpowder. <mask> reported aboard the sloop-of-war  at Panama – at the time a part of the United States of Colombia – in May 1885 and cruised the west coast of South America aboard her until the autumn of 1887, when Iroquois steamed to San Francisco, California, for decommissioning.After she was decommissioned in early 1888, <mask> was reassigned to duty aboard the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey survey ship USC&GS Carlile P. Patterson for surveying work along the southeastern coast of the Territory of Alaska, including the Portland Canal, until October 1888. In November 1888 he was among a group of four officers ordered to Mexico and Central America to make astronomical observations to determine the longitude of Coatzacoalcos and Salina Cruz in Mexico, La Libertad in El Salvador, and San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua; the group then traveled to Washington, D.C., to complete its calculations. In September 1889, <mask> requested a return to sea duty and was assigned to the Asiatic Squadron, where he served consecutively aboard the screw sloop-of-war , the gunboat , and the tug  as executive officer and navigator before spending his final year in the squadron as flag lieutenant for the squadron commander, Rear Admiral George E. Belknap, whom he accompanied back to the United States in early 1892. He then awaited orders for two months at his home in Flushing until receiving an assignment in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. In March 1893 he became naval aide to United States Secretary of the Navy Hilary Abner Herbert, and during his tour, which lasted over a year, oversaw many of the details related to guests invited to the 1893 Naval Review in New York City, accompanied Herbert to New York aboard the gunboat and dispatch vessel , and escorted President Grover Cleveland from Jersey City, New Jersey, to his hotel and the following day from his hotel to Dolphin for the review. At his own request, <mask> was relieved of his duties in the spring of 1894 so that he could become flag secretary to Rear Admiral John G. Walker, who was taking command of the Pacific Squadron at the time with orders from President Cleveland to observe and report on developments in the Hawaiian Islands, governed by a provisional government in the aftermath of the 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. Promoted to lieutenant, junior grade, on 11 April 1894 and serving aboard the protected cruiser  at Honolulu while in the Pacific Squadron, <mask> in his duties supporting Walker observed Hawaiis Constitutional Convention and was present at the 4 July 1894 proclamation of that constitution as law, establishing the Republic of Hawaii.He returned to the United States with Walker in September 1894. <mask> next became flag secretary to Rear Admiral Richard W. Meade, the commander of the North Atlantic Squadron, aboard the armored cruiser . When Meade retired in May 1895, <mask> reported for duty aboard the receiving ship  at the New York Navy Yard in Brooklyn, New York. In September 1895 he took the torpedo instruction course at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island. In October 1895, <mask> was ordered to the Herreshoff Manufacturing Company in Bristol, Rhode Island, as assistant inspector for the construction of the torpedo boats  and  there, and was present throughout their construction and sea trials. When his superior, Commander George A. Converse, was detached from duty as inspector, <mask> took over as inspector for the construction of Du Pont, and, after being promoted to lieutenant on 16 September 1897, he became her first commanding officer when she was commissioned on 23 September 1897. Du Pont joined the other torpedo boats of the Torpedo Flotilla in a voyage southward along the United States East Coast, visiting most of the ports between Hampton Roads, Virginia, and Key West, Florida, before arriving at Key West on 31 December 1897.Spanish–American War
From Key West, <mask> commanded Du Pont in patrol duties and operations as a dispatch vessel. On 22 April 1898, she accompanied the fleet to Cuba for operations during the Spanish–American War, which had broken out that month. Under his command, Du Pont was part of the blockade of Matanzas, Cuba, until 7 May 1898, exchanging fire with Spanish forts there on 6 May 1898; carried dispatches on 16 May 1898 from Key West to Rear Admiral William T<mask>, commander of the North Atlantic Squadron, in the Old Bahama Channel; carried dispatches from Key West on 20 May 1898 to Commodore <mask>, commander of the Flying Squadron, off Cienfuegos, Cuba; accompanied ships carrying United States Army forces from the United States to southern Cuba and thereafter patrolled off Santiago de Cuba and carried out dispatch duty along the south coast of Cuba; and carried Sampsons dispatch announcing the American victory in the Battle of Santiago de Cuba on 3 July 1898 to Siboney, Cuba, for transmission to the United States. She departed Cuban waters for New York City on 3 August 1898, shortly before the end of the war. 1898–1917
After turning Du Pont over to the Naval Torpedo Station at Newport in the autumn of 1898, <mask> reported for duty aboard the battleship . He remained aboard her until 12 October 1899, then transferred to the armored cruiser  and journeyed aboard her to Manila in the Philippine Islands, where she arrived in December 1899. On 11 February 1900, he became flag secretary to the commander of the Asiatic Squadron, Rear Admiral John C. Watson.In April 1900, he transferred to the protected cruiser  and traveled in her back to the United States, where he was relieved of his flag secretary duties on 30 April 1900. On 26 September 1900, he transferred from Baltimore to duty as assistant to the lighthouse inspector in the Third District. On 20 January 1902, <mask> reported for duty aboard the protected cruiser , and by the beginning of 1904 he had transferred to the protected cruiser . Leaving that duty in October 1904, he became aide to Admiral of the Navy George Dewey on 20 October 1904, and served in that capacity until 1908. He took command of the armored cruiser USS New York on 1 April 1908 and, after leaving her in March 1910, became a member and the secretary of the General Board of the United States Navy on 5 March 1910. In 1912, he was the plaintiff in a case before the United States Supreme Court, <mask> v. United States, over pay he believed was owed to him while serving as Deweys aide; the court ruled against him on 1 April 1912. <mask> took command of the battleship  on 20 February 1912.After leaving her in January 1914, he attended the Naval War College, from which he graduated in late 1914. He again became a member of the General Board of the United States Navy on 28 December 1914, serving in that capacity until 1917. World War I
After the United States entered World War I in April 1917, <mask> became the second commanding officer of the battleship  in the United States Atlantic Fleet on 6 June 1917. On 24 December 1917, Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels announced the promotion of twelve captains to a temporary rank of rear admiral for World War I service, and <mask> was among them. He remained aboard Oklahoma until 1 February 1918, involved primarily in the training of her crew and a refit of the ship, and received the Navy Cross for "exceptionally meritorious service" while in command of her. After leaving Oklahoma, he was commandant of the First Naval District through the end of the war in November 1918 and into 1919. Later career
During his tour in the First Naval District, the Second Naval District was abolished on 15 March 1919 and his First Naval District split the defunct districts responsibilities with the Third Naval District.At the time, the Newport sex scandal involving homosexual contact between U.S. Navy personnel of the former Second Naval District and civilians in Newport, Rhode Island, had arisen, and he ordered a thorough investigation of the situation. In April 1919, <mask> became the commander of the United States Pacific Fleets Cruiser Division 1 with the protected cruiser USS Chicago as his flagship, and in 1920 and 1921 he commanded the division during its deployment to waters off Honduras to protect American interests there. <mask> retired from the Navy on 19 December 1921. Personal life
<mask> married the former Margaretta Fryer (1872–1938) in June 1895. They were survived by two daughters, Margaretta <mask> (Potter) and Anne Elizabeth <mask>, who married the newspaper, radio, and television journalist Joseph C. Harsch in 1932. Margaretta <mask> was a longtime confidante of the American naval spy Commander Hugo W. Koehler (1886–1941), step father of United States Senator Claiborne Pell (D-RI). At the time of her death in 1985, she had been working on research for a biography of Koehler at Pell's behest.The research was completed by the historian P.J. Capelotti and published in 1991 as Our Man in the Crimea: Commander Hugo Koehler and the Russian Civil War

In 1921, <mask> bought the John Stoddert Haw House in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C. After his death, it passed to Anne Elizabeth <mask> in 1941. He was buried with his wife at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia. Commemoration
In 1918, U.S. Navy Chief Yeoman (F) Daisy May Pratt Erd, USNRF, stationed at First Naval District headquarters under <mask> command, published a song, the "Rear Admiral Wood One-Step," she had composed in <mask> honor. She contributed all profits from sales of the sheet music to the Navy Relief Society. <mask> papers are held at the U.S. Navys Naval History and Heritage Command. Gallery

Notes

References
 Naval History and Heritage Command: Officers of the Continental and U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1775–1900.Hamersly, Lewis Randolph. The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, Seventh Edition, New York: L. R. Hamersly Company, 1902. Naval History and Heritage Command: Papers of Rear Admiral <mask><mask>, 1882–1940

External links
 United States Supreme Court decision in 224 U.S. 132 <mask> v. United States

 <mask> <mask> at ArlingtonCemetery•net, an unofficial website

1861 births
1940 deaths
People from Brooklyn
United States Naval Academy alumni
Naval War College alumni
United States Navy admirals
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Navy personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

masks:
Spencer Shepard Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
. Sampson
Winfield Schley
Wood
Wood
Spencer Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood Harsch
Woods
Woods
Woods
Spencer S
. Wood
Spencer Wood
Spencer Shepard
Wood


title: Sido (rapper)

texts:
Paul Hartmut Würdig (born 30 November 1980), better known as <mask>, is a German rapper. He interprets his artist name as "super-intelligentes Drogenopfer" (super-intelligent drug victim). It used to stand for "Scheiße in dein Ohr" (shit into your ear), a line from his track "Terroarr". <mask> distinguishes himself by using provocative and aggressive lyrics. After his breakthrough with his debut album Maske in 2004, he was always seen wearing a silver skull mask. However, since 2005, he no longer wears the mask. Würdig's career began in 1997, as one half of duo Royal TS (now A.i.d.S) with B-Tight, both of whom were later signed to the label Berlin hip hop Royal Bunker and then to Aggro Berlin in 2001.As of 2009, <mask> is signed to Urban/Universal Music Group. Early life
Würdig was born to a German father and a Sinti mother. At the age of eight, he and his younger sister were brought up by their mother in East Berlin in the Prenzlauer Berg neighborhood. In 1988, the family moved to West Berlin, where they first lived in emergency accommodation in Wedding along with many asylum seekers. They then moved into Märkisches Viertel, a high-rise residential area in the Berlin borough of Reinickendorf. During his childhood and youth, Märkisches Viertel had a high proportion of migrants and low-income families. There he attended the Bettina-von-Arnim-Oberschule and afterwards began an apprenticeship as an educator, which he never completed.Career

1997–2002: Early career
<mask> has been active in the music business since 1997. Together with his best friend B-Tight he released several EPs and demos under the name Royal TS, which were never officially published, at the Berlin underground hip hop label Royal Bunker. <mask> had been friends with DJ Tomekk for a long time. The two made a dubplate from Arschficksong and DJ Tomekk played them in clubs all over Germany, presenting <mask> to a wider audience for the first time. Specter was art director for DJ Tomekk at that time. At a concert the duo got the attention of Halil, Specter and Spaiche - the later founders of the Aggro Berlin label. 2003–2004: First successes and Maske

<mask>'s solo career began in 2002 with the "Arschficksong" ("Ass-fuck song") on the sampler Aggro Ansage Nr.1 and the "Weihnachtssong" ("Christmas song") on Aggro Ansage Nr. 3. In 2004, <mask>'s debut album Maske was released, reaching No. 3 on the German charts and selling more than 180,000 copies to date, achieving gold status. The lead single "Mein Block" ("My hood") reached No. 13 on the German charts, the second single "Fuffies im Club" ("€50 notes in the club") reached No. 18 and the third single "Mama ist stolz" ("Mum is proud") reached No.25. The original album was banned because of the song "Endlich Wochenende" ("Finally weekend") which, according to the Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons, glorified the use of drugs. The album was rereleased under the name "Maske X" with the song "Arschficksong" in replacement of "Endlich Wochenende". The song was also published (with the video slightly censored), for the first time as a single. In September of the same year, he won a prestigious German music award for "Best Newcomer." The best-known song from that album, "Mein Block", describes life from a resident's perspective in the Märkisches Viertel, a low-income neighborhood of Berlin, detailing the narcotics trade, alcoholism, problems with police, and poverty in Sido's Block, or building. 2005–2006: Other projects and Ich

After this debut album, together with his Label colleagues B-Tight and Fler, he released two label samplers: Aggro Ansage Nr.4 and Aggro Ansage Nr. 5 (which featured the new label artists Tony D and G-Hot). In 2005, <mask> performed with  and represented Berlin in the Bundesvision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Mama ist stolz", placing 3rd with 113 points. Later he collaborated with rapper Harris, as the rap duo Deine Lieblings Rapper ("Your favorite rappers"). In 2005, they released their debut album Dein Lieblings Album ("Your favorite album"), with "Steh wieder auf" ("Get up again") as the only single. In December 2006, <mask> released his second album Ich, which reached No. 4 in the German album charts.Three singles ("Strassenjunge", "Ein Teil von mir" and "Schlechtes Vorbild") were released. The album achieved gold status. 2007: Sektenmusik
In 2007, <mask> and B-Tight (alias A.i.d.S.) formed their label Sektenmuzik and a rap-crew named Die Sekte (with Rhymin Simon and Vokalmatador). Tony D joined later. 2008: Ich und meine Maske and Popstars
His third album Ich und meine Maske was released at the end of May 2008. It reached No.1 in the German album charts. The singles "Augen auf"/Halt dein Maul", "Carmen", "Herz", "Nein!" and "Beweg dein Arsch" had success in the charts. In August 2008, <mask> joined the seventh season of Popstars, called "Just 4 Girls", as a jury member, along with Detlef D! Soost and Loona. Many people were surprised, wondering why <mask>, the rapper with his provocative and aggressive lyrics, would join a TV show like Popstars. At the end of Popstars, the band Queensberry was formed.2009: Aggro Berlin
On 1 April 2009, the label Aggro Berlin was closed. <mask> was then signed by Urban Records, a division of Universal Music Germany. On 30 October 2009, <mask> released his fourth studio album Aggro Berlin. The lead single "Hey du!" ranked No. 4 in the German Charts. In this song <mask> talks about growing up in East Germany and his later life in West Berlin.He reported that he kept his East Berlin origins secret for a long time for fear of bullying. Personal life

Würdig has a son, whose name and date of birth are not known publicly, but he references him in the songs "Aggro Gold" and "2010", amongst others. He began dating former Nu Pagadi lead singer Doreen Steinert in mid-2005 and on 14 February 2010 they became engaged. But in April 2012 they broke off their engagement. Just a few weeks later, in early May 2012, Würdig confirmed rumors that he had started dating German TV presenter Charlotte Engelhardt. <mask> had a second son with Engelhardt in 2013. Würdig is the second cousin of the German DSDS participant Menowin Fröhlich.Controversy
The perceived rebellious tendencies of <mask>'s label affiliates B-Tight, Fler, and G-Hot, whose persona emphasize embittered racial or class standpoints, have garnered additional discussion in widely circulated publications. MTV HipHop Open
July 2004, <mask> performed live in Stuttgart for the festival MTV HipHop Open. During his performances he insulted Frankfurt rapper Azad's mother saying: "If we had a bed right here, I'd bang Azad's mother". A week later <mask> and Azad met each other backstage, and after a short dispute, it escalated into a brawl that involved the artists of Aggro Berlin and Bozz Music. The security and the police arrived to stop the conflict, but Azad and his crew had fled already. Discography

Studio albums
 Maske (2004)
 Ich (2006)
 Ich und meine Maske (2008)
 Aggro Berlin (2009)
 30.11.80 (2013)
 VI (2015)
 Das goldene Album (2016)
 Ich & keine Maske (2019)

Live albums
 MTV Unplugged Live aus'm MV (arranged and produced by Sven Helbig) (2010)

Collaborations
 Dein Lieblingsalbum (with Deine Lieblingsrapper) (2005)
 Die Sekte (with Die Sekte) (2009)
 23 (with Bushido) (2011)
 Crystals (with Eskimo Callboy) (2015)
 Royal Bunker (with Kool Savas) (2017)

Soundtrack
 Blutzbrüdaz – Die Mukke zum Film (with various artists) (2011)

Compilation
 No. Beste (2012)
 Kronjuwelen (2018)

Filmography

Awards and certifications
 2004: Bravo Otto in Gold in the category "National rapper"
 2004: Comet in the category "National Newcomer"
 2006: Bravo Otto in silver in the category "Best Rapper National" (Sido)
 2006: Juice-Awards: 1st place in the category "Album National" for "Ich"
 2007: Golden Tape for 15 No.1 rankings "Strassenjunge" in the video on MTV's TRL
 2007: Bravo Otto in silver in the category "National Hip-Hop"
 2009: Swiss Music Award in the category "Best Urban Album International"
 2009: Comet in the category "Best Song"
 2010: Echo in the category "Best Video" for "Hey Du"! 2010: Comet in the category "Best Song"
 2010: MTV Europe Music Award in the category Best German Act
 2011: Comet in the category "Best Artist"
 2012: Echo-winner in the category Bestes Video National for So mach ich es'' with Bushido

Gold Record
Germany
 2004: for the album album "Maske"
 2004: for the sampler "Aggro Ansage Nr. 4"
 2005: for the sampler "Aggro Ansage Nr. 5"
 2006: for the album "Ich"
 2011: for the album "Ich und meine Maske"
 2012: for the album "23"
 2013: for the single "Der Himmel soll warten"
Austria
 2008: for the album "Ich und meine Maske"
 2011: for the album "23"
 2012: for the album "Blutzbrüdaz - die Mukke zum Film"
Switzerland
 2008: for the album "Ich und meine Maske"

Platinum Record
 Switzerland
 2009: for the album "Ich und meine Maske"

Literature

References

External links

 Official website
 aggroberlin.de
 Biography of Sido on laut.de

Echo (music award) winners
German autobiographers
German people of Iranian descent
German people of Sinti descent
German rappers
Hip hop record producers
Living people
Masked musicians
Musicians from Berlin
Participants in the Bundesvision Song Contest
1980 births
German male non-fiction writers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
People from Reinickendorf

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