title: Bryan Hitch

texts:
<mask> (born 22 April 1970) is a British comics artist and  writer. Hitch began his career in the United Kingdom for Marvel UK, working on titles such as Action Force and Death's Head, before gaining prominence on American titles such as Wildstorm's Stormwatch and The Authority, DC Comics' JLA, and Marvel Comics' The Ultimates. Hitch's artwork and designs have appeared in direct-to-video animated films, television, and major feature films, such as the 2009 film Star Trek, for which he has been praised by director J. J. Abrams. Early life
<mask> began reading comics at an early age, likening them to his "underage drug habit" and the newsagent in northern England where he would buy his books from his "dealer". The newsagent was next door to a cinema, and as Hitch explains, he could go straight from enjoying Christopher Reeve Superman films and other genre films to the store to buy Superman comics drawn by artists such as Curt Swan and José Luis García-López. Career
Hitch entered the comics industry after submitting  "Teeth Like Flint", an Action Force sample story he wrote and drew to Marvel UK, using a style that was fashionable at the time. Marvel UK gave him his first professional commission in May or June 1987, approximately a month and a half after his 17th birthday.<mask> worked with Simon Furman on Transformers and  Death's Head. He did some work at Marvel Comics and DC Comics during the late 1980s and early 1990s, in particular his run on The Sensational She-Hulk, and continued drawing for Marvel UK. After that imprint closed, he provided the art for an issue of Teen Titans and a couple of series at Valiant Comics before returning to Marvel where he would work with inker Paul Neary. It was in the late 1990s that he got a series of high-profile assignments, which would mainly include Neary on inks. At Wildstorm, he worked with Warren Ellis in rebooting Stormwatch and launching The Authority. This led to a year on JLA with Mark Waid which included the JLA: Heaven's Ladder tabloid-format one-shot. <mask> and Neary then returned to Marvel and joined Mark Millar on The Ultimates, The Ultimates 2, and Fantastic Four.<mask>'s career has been marked by lateness of books, perhaps due to his high detailing. Examples include his run JLA, which was broken up by fill-in artists, a situation which he blamed on bad scheduling on DC Comics' part. There were long delays in between issues of The Ultimates, which was due to the birth of his child, two house moves, and an office move. What would have been his final issue of Fantastic Four with Mark Millar was drawn instead by fill-in artist Stuart Immonen. <mask> stresses that Marvel was more supportive of him during his tardiness than DC. <mask> provided cover artwork for the November 2006 issue of the British film magazine Empire, for a cover feature on comic book movies. He was a character design artist for Ultimate Avengers and Ultimate Avengers 2 animated films.He was a character design artist for the video game Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction. He was brought aboard the project due to his rendition of the Hulk in The Ultimates. He was hired by the BBC as the concept artist for the 2005 relaunch of the Doctor Who television series, having particular input into the design of the TARDIS interior set. <mask> contributed designs to the starship piloted by Spock in the 2009 feature film Star Trek, for which director J. J. Abrams has praised him. <mask>'s cover to Fantastic Four #554 (April 2008) is featured in the opening title sequence of the 2010 History Channel television series, Stan Lee's Superhumans. That same year, Impact Books published <mask>'s Ultimate Comics Studio, examination of Hitch's approach and techniques toward his craft, as well as practical tips provided by <mask> on various aspects of the visual storytelling process, and how to develop a career in the comics field. Studio, which features a foreword by Joss Whedon, contains both past artworks of <mask>'s, as well as original artwork produced specifically for the book.In 2012, <mask> was one of several artists to illustrate a variant cover for Robert Kirkman's The Walking Dead #100, which was released 11 July at the San Diego Comic-Con. The following year, <mask> illustrated the Image Comics series America's Got Powers, with writer Jonathan Ross. He illustrated six issues of the ten-issue miniseries Age of Ultron. Hitch and writer Brad Meltzer collaborated on a retelling of Batman's first appearance for Detective Comics vol. 2 #27 in January 2014. March 2014 saw the debut of <mask>'s creator-owned series, Real Heroes, written and illustrated by <mask>, who describes the concept as "the cast of Avengers does Galaxy Quest." In 2015, <mask> returned DC to write and draw Justice League of America.He and artist Tony Daniel collaborated on a new Justice League series in 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth relaunch. <mask> finished his work on the series with issue #31 in October 2017. In 2018, he and writer Robert Venditti worked together on a Hawkman ongoing series. Beginning in 2019, he partnered with Warren Ellis for a twelve-issue DC limited series The Batman's Grave. Influence
Film director Josh Trank has described himself as a "huge fan" of <mask>'s artwork, and was inspired by <mask>'s depiction of Reed Richards working in his garage in The Ultimates to approach focus on Richards as a young man in the 2015 Fantastic Four film. Technique and materials
Hitch does not consider himself an artist or comic artist, but a storyteller, explaining that illustration for him is simply a medium to tell a story. Hitch is particular about his studio workspace, which does not contain a TV or sofa, stating that such things belong in the lounge for relaxation.In addition to a large drawing board and extra desk space for his computer equipment and lightbox, he keeps copious book shelves. Despite using a professional drawing board, he emphasises that any inexpensive board large enough to hold the paper is sufficient, as he himself mostly uses a piece of roughly cut chip-board leaning on the edge of his desk. He uses an Apple iMac desktop computer, flatbed scanner and Photoshop to modify his artwork digitally. Hitch begins with multiple rough sketches employing different camera angles on paper with a blue pencil, which tends to be less visible in photocopies or scans, and then select the desired elements from the rough sketch with a graphite pencil. After picking the initial shapes, he will further emphasise his selections with a red marker pen and other coloured pens, continuing to attempt different variations. He will then, depending on how late in the day it is, either redraw the illustration on a sheet of layout paper or use his lightbox to tighten and clean up the drawing, emphasising that the lightbox should not be a mere exercise in tracing, but an opportunity to refine or change elements in the drawing to make it "clean" enough to be inked. When Hitch transfers the drawing to the final art board, he does initial layouts with a 2H pencil, which feels provides the necessary accuracy and detail, and uses an erasable blue pencil to mark panel frames and vanishing points, which he introduces after the rough stage.He chooses not to put too much time or polish into this stage, preferring to work quickly, lightly and instinctively. He uses a mechanical pencil with 0.9mm 2H lead at this stage for fine outlines and detail work, and a traditional pencil for more organic work, including softer lines, shading large areas and creating more fluid motion. The "best tool of all", according to him, is a traditional pencil cut with a craft knife, which he says can produce a variety of marks, and be used for detail, shading and general sketching. <mask> believes the best results combine both the mechanical and the knife-sharpened traditional pencil. Regarding inking, <mask> says, "Inking isn't about tracing, or taking someone else's pencil drawing and making it your own. It's about being aware of and respectful about the original artist's intentions. It's also about making your own artistic judgements based on your interpretation of the piece.The skill is then honing your technique to be able to actually deliver a strong, inked piece that is just how the artist wanted it to be." For feathering, <mask> uses a size 0 sable brush, which he says provide a wider range of sensitive marks than synthetic brushes, despite being softer and harder to use. For more free-hand hatching, <mask> uses a Gillott 1960 dip pen, though he prefers to use more solid areas of black to large amounts of rendering. Bibliography

Interior work

DC Comics

Adventures of Superman Annual #3 (1991)
The Batman's Grave #1-current (2019-present)
Detective Comics vol. 2 #27 (2014)
Exciting X-Patrol (Amalgam Comics) (1997)
Green Lantern vol. 3 #1,000,000 (1998)
Hawkman vol. 5 #1–12 (2018–2019)
Hawkman: Found #1 (2018)
JLA #47–50, 52–55, 57–58 (2000–2001)
JLA: Heaven's Ladder (2000)
Justice League vol.3 #1–11, 14–21, 25–31 (writer; also artist on #14, 20–21; 2016–2017)
Justice League: Rebirth #1 (writer/artist; 2016)
Justice League of America, vol. 4, #1–4, 6–9 (writer/artist), #10 (writer only; 2015–2016)
Martian Manhunter vol. 2 #11 (1999)
Showcase '93 #4–5 (Geo-Force) (1993)
Star Trek: The Next Generation: The Killing Shadows #1 (inker) (2000)
Team Titans #21 (1994)
Transmetropolitan #31 (2000)
Young Monsters in Love #1 (Solomon Grundy) (2018)

Image Comics
America's Got Powers #1–6 (2012–2013)
Real Heroes #1 (2014)

WildStorm
The Authority #1–12 (1999–2000)
Gen-Active #1 (2000)
Stormwatch #4–8, 10–11 (1997)
Wildcats #5 (1999)

Impact Books
<mask>'s Ultimate Comics Studio (2010)

Marvel Comics

Age of Ultron #1–5, 10 (2013)
Alpha Flight vol. 2 #6 (1998)
Avengers vol. 4 #12.1 (2011)
Captain America: Reborn #1–6 (2009–2010)
Captain Planet and the Planeteers #11–12 (1992)
ClanDestine #11 (1995)
Colossus #1 (1997)
Excalibur #104–105 (1997)
Fantastic Four #554–568 (2008–2009)
Gambit Giant-Size #1 (1998)
Generation X #28 (1997)
Marvel Comics Presents #76 (1991)
New Avengers #50 (among other artists) (2009)
New Avengers Finale (among other artists) (2010)
Sensational She-Hulk #9–11, 13–20, 24–26 (1989–1991)
Thing/She-Hulk: The Long Night one-shot (with Ivan Reis) (2002)
Ultimate Fallout #2 (Thor) (2011)
The Ultimates #1–13 (2002–2004)
The Ultimates 2 #1–13 (2004–2007)
Uncanny X-Men #323, 331 (1995–1996)
Uncanny X-Men '95 #1 (1995)
What If? #59 (Wolverine)(1994)
X-Factor #105, 118 (1994–1996)
X-Men Prime #1 (among other artists) (1995)
X-Men vs. Brood: Day of Wrath #1–2 (1997)

Marvel UK
Hell's Angel, miniseries, #1, 3–5 (with Geoff Senior, 1992)
Death's Head #1–5, 7, 10 (1988–1989)
Death's Head II #1 (with Liam Sharp, 1992)
Doctor Who Magazine #139 (1988)
Dragon's Claws #3 (1988)
G.I. Joe: European Missions #2, 6 (1988)
The Incomplete Death's Head #8–9, 11–12 (1993)
Mys-Tech Wars #1–4 (1993)
Transformers #151, 172–173 (with Simon Furman, 1988)

Valiant Comics
Ninjak: Yearbook #1 (1994)
The Visitor vs. the Valiant Universe, miniseries, #1–2 (1995)

Cover work

Action Force #47 (Marvel UK, 1988)
The Transformers #154–155, 160–161, 279 (Marvel UK, 1988–1990)
The Transformers Special #9–10 (Marvel UK, 1988)
Death's Head #4–5, 8–9 (Marvel UK, 1989)
Marvel Comics Presents #44 (Marvel, 1990)
Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.#18–19 (Marvel, 1990–1991)
Hell's Angel #1, 3 (Marvel UK, 1992)
Dark Angel #6–7 (Marvel UK, 1992–1993)
Knights of Pendragon #3, 5, 7–8 (Marvel UK, 1992–1993)
Codename: Genetix #1–2 (Marvel UK, 1993)
Die Cut #3 (Marvel UK, 1994)
Mantra #12–14, 23 (Malibu, 1994–1995)
Prime #23 (Malibu, 1995)
X-O Manowar #43 (Malibu, 1995)
X-Men Adventures vol. 3 #7–11 (DC Comics, 2014–2015)
Wonder Woman vol. 5 #31–37 (cover art) (DC Comics, 2017)

References

External links
<mask> and Paul Neary's website

<mask> at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
<mask> at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

1970 births
British comics artists
British comics writers
DC Comics people
Living people
Marvel Comics people
People with bipolar disorder

masks:
Bryan Hitch
Bryan Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Bryan Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Hitch
Bryan Hitch
Bryan Hitch
Bryan Hitch
Bryan Hitch


title: George Francis Houck

type: original

texts:
<mask> (July 9, 1847 – March 26, 1916) was Chancellor of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland. He also wrote Volume One of the 1903 A History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to December 31, 1900, an overview history of Roman Catholicism in northern Ohio beginning with Catholic missions in the American frontier of the Ohio Country, one of the first settled parts of the Midwestern United States, and concluding with a history of the Cleveland diocese through the end of the 19th century. Early life
<mask> was born July 9, 1847, in Tiffin, Ohio. His parents were John and Odile (Fischer) <mask>. They were natives of Germany. His father immigrated to this country from the Grand Duchy of Baden when he was four years old, his mother when she was ten years old. They were married February 16, 1846.For forty years <mask> was a shoe merchant in Tiffin. For two years, when <mask> was eighteen years old and his father was sick, <mask> took complete charge of the business. <mask> attended St. Joseph's parochial school in Tiffin. He subsequently spent two years in Heidelberg College also in Tiffin. He entered Mount St. Mary's Seminary of the West in Cincinnati, in 1867. He pursued his studies in that institution until 1874. While there he was the seminary's bookkeeper, and was also assistant librarian for five years.He was then called by Bishop Richard Gilmour to Saint Mary Seminary and Graduate School of Theology, Cleveland. Priesthood
<mask> received Holy Orders July 4, 1875, from Bishop Edward Fitzgerald of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Little Rock, in Cleveland, then performing the duties of Gilmour, who suffered a mental breakdown in 1874 and was in southern France for recuperation. <mask>'s first assignment as a priest, soon after his ordination, was as pastor of St. Joseph's Church, Crestline, Ohio. In July 1877, he was appointed Secretary to Gilmour, with duties of chancellor; in May 1882, he was appointed the Chancellor also. Michael W. Carr, of the Catholic Historical Society, described <mask> as "the most painstaking, faithful, and efficient chancellor and secretary in any diocese in the country". For seventeen years, 1877–1894, he was chaplain of the Cleveland workhouse, a type of prison in which the sentence includes manual labor. In July 1877, <mask> was appointed chaplain of St. Vincent's Charity Hospital, Cleveland.St. John's and St. Joseph's Cemeteries, up until 1878, were managed by the curates of Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist; in 1878, Gilmour appointed <mask> manager of both cemeteries. Despite the rapid growth in Cleveland's population, the amount of land set aside for use as burial grounds remained unchanged until 1893 when Calvary Cemetery was purchased. That year, Bishop Ignatius Frederick Horstmann appointed <mask> manager of this additional cemetery to oversee improvements of the property. This new  cemetery, in Newburgh Township, was easily reached by tram from all parts of the city. On November 26, 1894, <mask>, as Horstmann's delegate, consecrated one-half of the grounds. He reformed and systematized the operations of the cemeteries under his management. Carr described the positive changes:

In 1900, an additional  were purchased making the entire cemetery site one hundred acres in extent.During the same year, also, an electric funeral car was introduced, which rapidly grew in public favor. He celebrated, on July 24, 1902, his twenty-fifth anniversary as Chancellor. Horstmann and over one-hundred-sixty priests were present. Writing in 1903, Carr further described <mask>:

On July 25, 1904, Pope Pius X granted him the title Monsignor. <mask> died on March 26, 1816, and he is buried at St. Joseph Catholic Cemetery in Tiffin, Ohio. Historical writing
In 1888 <mask> wrote A Memoir of the Life and Labors of the Right Rev. Amadeus Rappe, D.D., First Bishop of Cleveland.In 1889–1890, he published The Church in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland, which was printed in one German language and three English language editions. He expanded and revised The Church in Northern Ohio and in the Diocese of Cleveland: from 1817 to September, 1887 with additional facts and published it as Volume One of the 1903 A History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to December 31, 1900. Horstmann concluded his approbation of <mask>'s Volume One of the 1903 A History of Catholicity in Northern Ohio and the Diocese of Cleveland from 1749 to December 31, 1900, with two verses from the New Testament:
"Gather up the fragments lest they be lost", from the Multiplication of the Loaves, translated for the 21st century as, "When they had had their fill, he said to his disciples, 'Gather the fragments left over, so that nothing will be wasted. "Go and do in like manner", from the parable of the Good Samaritan who binds up wounds, translated for the 21st century as: "Jesus said to him, 'Go and do likewise. Horstmann's approbation should be seen in the context of his interest in history. Horstmann and <mask> were both listed, on the same page with some important figures in the history of the diocese, as donors of materials to the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. Horstmann was an organizing member, since 1884, while he was still a priest and later Chancellor of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia.Horstmann wrote, in his approbation, that he understood this work to be a model history for other dioceses and took credit for proposing a diocesan history. <mask>'s other works did not include an approbation. Works or publications
<mask>'s newer published works are revisions and expansions of his older works. His subjects are northern Ohio Catholic Church history and biographies of Catholics in northern Ohio. Notes

References

1847 births
1916 deaths
American Roman Catholic priests
Contributors to the Catholic Encyclopedia
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland
Writers from Cleveland

masks:
George Francis Houck
Houck
Houck
John Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
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Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck
Houck


title: Matthew Amoah

texts:
<mask> (born 24 October 1980) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a striker. From 2002 to 2011 he represented the Ghana national team at international level, scoring 12 goals in 45 matches. Club career

Vitesse and Fortuna
Born in Tema, Amoah moved to the Netherlands at the age of 16, where he linked with Vitesse Arnhem, spending eight seasons at the club. His early departure from his homeland has led to an almost anonymous profile there because he never played any top-level club football in Ghana, although in Amoah's home town of Tema his achievements in Europe have not gone unnoticed. With three brothers, Amoah learned his craft on the streets of the Ghanaian town and at the age of 15, he was spotted by scouts from the Dutch club while playing in an international youth tournament for his club Great Ambassadors. After Amoah moved to Vitesse, he did not play regularly. So in order to get regular playing action, Amoah needed a loan spell at Fortuna Sittard to find his feet in Dutch football before going back at Arnhem where coach Ronald Koeman gave him a chance.And the move paid off as the club's supporters named him their best player after the 2002–03 season, in which he scored 15 goals for the club and also competed in European club competition. Amoah trained at Vitesse where he developed into a good striker. It was his performances at Vitesse which gained him a call up to his homeland Ghana's national team. At Vitesse, he scored 62 goals in 174 appearances for the club. Borussia Dortmund
Amoah signed with Borussia Dortmund in December 2005, during the winter transfer window, rejoining coach Bert van Marwijk, who managed him during the 1999–2000 season at another Dutch side, Fortuna Sittard. Amoah signed a two-year contract, but could only manage seventeen first-team appearances (going scoreless in the process) in one-and-a-half seasons. "There was a number of options but Amoah was the one the manager wanted", Hans-Joachim Watzke, Dortmund's finance director, told the Westfälische Rundschau at the time.NAC Breda
The 26-year-old <mask> signed a three-year deal with Eredivisie's NAC Breda on 3 July 2007, after a medical. The former Vitesse forward returned to the Netherlands after a lack of first-team opportunities at Dortmund. "We have been working on this deal for months", NAC technical director Earnie Stewart said. "First it looked like it was impossible for the player to sign, but this week negotiations went quicker. "<mask> was instrumental in the attack of NAC Breda since his arrival in July 2007. He scored more than eight goals in every season at the club. He scored 11 goals in his first season, 12 in his second season and then nine in his third season.He was the top scorer of NAC Breda and was loved by the supporters for his spectacular goals which helped the club a lot. At the end of his five-year stay with the club played 105 league matches and scored 43 goals. Mersin İdmanyurdu
<mask> signed a two-year contract with Mersin İdmanyurdu SK, the newly promoted Turkish club. He only played five matches for the team and left Turkey after one year. SC Heerenveen
In June 2012, <mask> signed with Eredivisie side SC Heerenveen. However, after one season in which he played no single match for the club, he was released in June 2013.

International career

Ghana first selected Amoah ahead of the 2002 CAF Africa Cup of Nations and it was in the tournament in Mali where he made his debut. But after the Black Stars were eliminated in the quarter- finals, <mask> only ever received one more call-up before the appointment of coach Ratomir Dujkovic in December 2004.The Serb brought <mask> back for his first game in charge, and <mask> has been in the squad ever since. An international since 2002 he made his debut on 21 January 2002, Segou in a Ghana, Morocco encounter at the Africa Cup of Nations: 2002, <mask> was an instrumental figure in Ghana's first qualification for the World Cup, scoring three goals in three consecutive and important qualifying matches. <mask> finished as Ghana's leading scorer in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, his five strikes proving pivotal in the Black Stars' march to a second successive tournament. His tally added to the three goals he scored in the 2006 qualifiers that also made a major contribution to Ghana's march to their first-ever FIFA World Cup finals appearance. He also played in their World cup debut even though he did not score in any of the matches he played, his ability, runs and passes helped the team to the group of 16. In 2010, he helped his nation qualify for another world cup. He played in two matches, which he was brought in as a substitute.He is a member of the Ghanaian Golden Era of footballers including Fulham right back John Paintsil and Chelsea versatile midfielder Michael Essien and former captain Stephen Appiah who formerly played for Italian Club Cesena, Fenerbahçe SK and Juventus. <mask> has scored 13 times in 40 appearances for Ghana. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours

International
Ghana
Africa Cup of Nations Silver Medal: 2010
FIFA World Cup Round of 16: 2006
FIFA World Cup quarter-final: 2010

References

External links
 <mask>in İdman Yurdu footballers
Eredivisie players
Bundesliga players
Süper Lig players
Ghana international footballers
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Ghanaian expatriate footballers
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Turkey

masks:
Mathew Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Amoah
Matthew Amoah
Amoah
Matthew Amoahrs


title: Sally Hogshead

texts:
<mask> (born ) is a New York Times bestselling author, National Speakers Association Hall of Fame speaker, chief executive officer of How to Fascinate (Fascinate, Inc) and a former advertising executive. Career
<mask> attended Duke University, from which she graduated in 1991. Her first job was with advertising agency Fallon Worldwide, which employed her as a junior copywriter. Subsequently, <mask> worked as a copywriter for Wieden+Kennedy and The Martin Agency. When the Martin Agency closed its Los Angeles office in 1998, <mask> and Jean Robaire, with whom she had worked at Martin, opened their own agency, Robaire and Hogshead. Agency clients included Rémy Martin and Target Corporation. In 2001 Hogshead was hired to open a new office of Crispin Porter + Bogusky in Venice, California, where she served as both managing and creative directors.<mask>  was inducted into the National Speakers Association's Speaker Hall of Fame in 2012. Books

Gotham Books published <mask>'s Radical Careering: 100 Truths to Jumpstart Your Job, Your Career, and Your Life in 2005. The book's conclusions are putatively supported by research done with 1,000 Generation X professionals. In 2010, HarperCollins published <mask>'s book, Fascinate: Your 7 Triggers to Persuasion and Captivation. The book came out of research that she started in 2006, in which she had over 100,000 people take personality tests. The tests focused on "a variety of fields and levels of professional achievements." Fascinate: Your 7 Triggers to Persuasion and Captivation was reviewed by Publishers Weekly and described as having "an uneven start" but in the end it "packs a big punch."Another reviewer wondered "how smaller firms and individuals can apply this stuff to their work and live. [...] It would seem like artifice and inauthenticity, perhaps, to a small businessperson who's already in perpetual survival mode." In 2014, HarperCollins published Hogshead's book, How the World Sees You:  Discover Your Highest Value Through the Science of Fascination. It was on the New York Times Bestseller List. In 2016, HarperCollins published Fascinate, Revised and Updated which took the existing Fascination Advantage Assessment, and applied it for use in small businesses. It was on the New York Times Bestseller List, and a #1 Wall Street Journal Best Seller. The Fascination Advantage

Hogshead commissioned the Kelton Global to research why some brands are more captivating than others.They identified seven ways a person's interest can be  stimulated. In 2010, <mask> developed an assessment to measure how an individual ranked on these seven "triggers." Positioned against other assessments that measured one's worldview, this test aims to show how one is perceived by others. The test has been featured on Fast Company. The assessment was called the "F Score," which is a personality test used to determine one's personality archetype out of 49 "archetypes." The test is now called "The Fascination Advantage Assessment." She also tested the audiences at the Million Dollar Round Table and National Association of Insurance and Financial Advisors conferences.Development History

Hogshead commissioned the study in 2007 to Kelton Global. The study found that there are seven ways in which a person's brain can be captivated. Initially the research was applied to show how different brands captured audiences attention. Hogshead applied this research in the 2009 book Fascinate. The book applied the research from the study and introduced the concept "triggers," which are different ways brands get attention. In 2010, the research was applied to people instead of brands. The test showed how a person measured against the triggers.The initial assessment was called the "F Score." The results presented the user with ways to use their top communications styles in their everyday lives. In 2014, <mask> released her next book How the World Sees You. This book was built around the F-Score test, now abridged and targeted towards professionals. The assessment was re-titled "The Fascination Advantage." The System

The idea of the assessment is based on <mask>'s concept of "fascination" which she describes as a state of intense intellectual focus. The assessment serves as a guide to show individuals how to communicate better using their best-suited triggers, or Advantages.The test treats the individual as though he or she were a brand. The assessment consists of 28 questions that rank the user on the seven advantages of the system. At the end of the assessment, the user is presented with their best and worst methods of communication. The questions are worded to find what social cues someone gives off. The results are based on the Kelton research of how others view these traits in brands. After the assessment, the individual is given a report explaining their communication-style and given a personality archetype. The archetypes are a short-hand for a user's results.Personal life

<mask> is married and has two children and six step children. She lives in Orlando, Florida. Bibliography
 How the World Sees You: Discover Your Highest Value Through the Science of Fascination. New York: HarperBusiness (2014). Fascinate: Your 7 Triggers to Persuasion and Captivation. New York: HarperBusiness (2010). Radical Careering : 100 Truths to Jumpstart Your Job, Your Career, and Your Life.New York: Gotham (2005). Fascinate, Revised and Updated: How to Make Your Brand Impossible to Resist. New York: HarperBusiness (2016). Further reading

References

External links

 Fascinate, Inc website
Five Remarkable Female Entrepreneurs featuring <mask> from The Huffington Post
 Sally Hogshead Inc.com Columnist Page

Women motivational speakers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American business writers
Women business writers
American women chief executives
Duke University alumni
Copywriters
Women in advertising
Writers from Orlando, Florida
21st-century American women writers
Living people
American women non-fiction writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Sally Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Hogshead
Sally Hogshead


title: Évariste Vital Luminais

texts:
<mask> (; 13 October 1821 – 10 or 15 May 1896) was a French painter. He is best known for works depicting early French history and is sometimes called "the painter of the Gauls". Life and career

Luminais was born in Nantes into a parliamentary and legal family. His great-grandfather <mask> was an official in the Vendée; his grandfather Michel-<mask> represented the Vendée in parliament from 1799 to 1803; and his father, <mask>, represented Loire-Inférieure from 1831 to 1834 and Indre-et-Loire from 1848 to 1849. Aware of his natural artistic talent, his family sent him to Paris when he was 18 to study with the painter and sculptor Auguste Debay. He also studied with Léon Cogniet, a historical and portrait painter whose pupils included Léon Bonnat, and Constant Troyon, who painted landscapes and animals. He married twice.By his first wife, Anne Foiret, he had a daughter, Esther. After Anne's death in 1874, he remarried in 1876 to one of his pupils, Hélène de Sahuguet d'Amarzit d'Espagnac; she had been married to Claude Durand de Neuville but had been widowed in the War of 1870. He made his official début at the 1843 Paris Salon, where two of his paintings were hung. He won medals at the Salons of 1852, 1855, 1857, 1861 and 1889. In 1869, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur. He won the gold medal at the 1889 Exposition, and was a founder member of the Société des Artistes Français. For more than forty years, he divided his time between his Paris studio at 17 boulevard Lannes and his summer house and studio in the village of Douadic, in the Brenne region.The area had been recommended to him by two friends, Jules de Vorys and Louis Fombelle. Among his students were Albert Maignan and Emily Sartain; he was one of the few Academy painters who would teach women. Luminais died in Paris at the age of 75 and was buried in the little cemetery in Douadic. His native city of Nantes has a street named for him. Works

Luminais worked in the genre and historical modes. He was among the academic painters who satisfied a social demand for aggrandising, even propagandistic historical works in the early years of the Third Republic, after the defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. As such, he shared in their condemnation by the advocates of modern art.However, in some paintings, such as The Widow (1865) he foreshadows social realism. He also used a historical dressing to make hunting and peasant scenes more palatable to the Academy. Gauls and other ancient peoples
Luminais played an important part in disseminating the iconography of the Gauls; their popular image, with long hair and winged helmets, was developed by historians at this time as part of an examination of French history. Sometimes called 'the painter of the Gauls', he also depicted other scenes of early medieval history, often clashes between different peoples, such as campaign-hardened Romans in breastplates reinforced with metal battling daring Celts who are bare-chested, with only helmet and shield for protection. More unusually among historical artists of the time, he also depicted the Franks, whose contribution to French history was then generally underrated in favour of the Gauls. His painting of the Alemannic rout at the hands of the Franks in the Battle of Tolbiac impressed Théophile Gautier at the 1848 Salon. His Frankish Cavalry in Combat was inspired by reading Chateaubriand.His paintings on Merovingian topics emphasise the barbaric cruelty of the rulers. Pepin the Short's overthrow of Childeric III with the agreement of Pope Zachary and the deposed king's imprisonment in the Monastery of St. Bertin at Saint-Omer is the subject of his painting The Last of the Merovingians, for which he reportedly used one Jean Marie Dagobert as his model. At the 1883 Salon, the critic Charles Bigot hoped this would indeed be Luminais "last" Merovingian painting. As was common among historical painters at the time, his paintings contain anachronisms and out of place details. For example, in the 1906 painting of a Gaul returning from the hunt, the clothing is anachronistic and the helmet more a characterisation of the mounted man as a Gaul than a hunting accessory. The long red hair is part of the 19th-century image of the Gaul. His In Sight of Rome shows the same liberty: the shield on the left and the helmets are not realistic.The Celtic incursion into Italy made an early and lasting impression on artists. In depicting the Merovingian Franks, 19th-century painters unaware of archaeological evidence costumed queens in Oriental Germanic fashion, as in Luminais' Merovingian Princess. Luminais' approach focussed more on distancing the image from the present than on evoking a specific era. Having met Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué, who had published a collection of popular Breton songs, Barzaz Breiz, around 1884 he based on one of the songs his Flight of King Gradlon, depicting the king fleeing on horseback from his city of Ys as it is swallowed by the sea; St. Winwaloe urges him to jettison his only child, Dahut. The art museums in Quimper, Rennes and Nantes hold several sketches for the work. Exhibited at the Salon of 1884, the painting was hailed as a "superb dramatic group, full of life". The Sons of Clovis II
In 1880 he painted what, according to Bonnie Effros, was his most famous Merovingian painting, The Sons of Clovis II, also called Les Énervés de Jumièges (the enervated men of Jumièges), based on a legend concerning the 7th-century Merovingian king Clovis II: after rebelling against their father, the two princes are said to have been punished according to their own mother's suggestion by the removal of their vital force ("enervation") through the destruction of the tendons of their muscles; they were then set adrift on a raft in the River Seine, at the mercy of God, but according to the legend they were rescued by the monks of the Abbey of Jumièges and later reconciled with their parents.The version exhibited at the 1880 Salon created a sensation and is judged to be his best work. The painting evokes varying and strong reactions; Simone de Beauvoir wrote in 1960 of "calm horror". The work went through a number of stages of refinement. The first study, Première pensée pour les Énervés de Jumièges, shows the cutting of the tendons and depicts four figures; a second study depicts the raft floating down the river, but has three figures, prefiguring the men's salvation by the monks. The two finished paintings show only the two figures alone on the raft. The version shown at the Salon was sold to Australia under the title The Sons of Clovis II and after being exhibited in various locations including Wallis & Sons' gallery of French paintings in London (1881), the Munich International Exposition (1883), the National Gallery of South Australia and the National Gallery of Victoria (1896), is now in the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney. The second version, with greater emphasis on the grandeur of nature, was kept by Luminais; after his death it was acquired by the State and in 1912 was deposited in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Rouen.Brenne paintings

At his summer studio in Douadic, he painted works reflecting his love of nature and of hunting, such as:
 The Hallali, memories of hunting in Brenne in 1863
 The Two Guardians
 La Folle du Tertre (the madwoman of the mound), based on a local legend
 Hunting Through the Ages, six-panel work for the dining room of his friend Louis Fombelle
 Illustrations for Jules de Vorys' book on Dagobert I, Dagobert en Brenne

Monumental painting

Luminais was one of five artists who collaborated between 1886 and 1889 on a monumental fresco, more than  in area, for the interior of the dome of the Paris Commercial Bourse, representing the history of intercontinental trade. It includes a scene representing America which features Indians, slaves, labourers, cowboys, and a steam train representing the modern world. References

Further information

 Françoise Daum, Dominique Dussol et al. Evariste <mask> <mask>, Peintre des Gaules, 1821–1896. Exhibition catalogue. Carcassonne: Musée des beaux-arts; Charleville-Mézières: Musée de l'Ardenne, 2002. .
 Gilles Brenta and Claude François (script and direction). Le Défilé des toiles.VHS documentary. 52 mins. Brussels: Les Trois petits cochons, 1997. .
 Claude Duty. Les Énervés de Jumièges. Short film, in Claude Duty réalisateur: six films courts. VHS compilation. 72 mins.France: Production A.A.A. / Stellaire Production, 1986–1995. .

1822 births
1896 deaths
People from Nantes
19th-century French painters
French male painters
Asterix

masks:
Évariste Vital Luminais
Michel Luminais
Pierre Luminais
René Marie Luminais
Vital
Luminais


title: Charles P. O'Brien

texts:
<mask>. O'Brien (born August 20, 1939, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a research scientist, medical educator and a leading  expert in the science and treatment of addiction. He is board certified in neurology, psychiatry and addiction psychiatry. He is currently the Kenneth E. Appel Professor of Psychiatry, and vice chair of psychiatry, in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. Career
O'Brien earned MD and PhD degrees from Tulane University in 1964 and 1966, respectively, and received residency training in internal medicine, neurology and psychiatry at Harvard University, Tulane, the University of London, and the University of Pennsylvania. While serving as chief of psychiatry at the Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center in Philadelphia, In 1971 O'Brien founded and became director of a clinical research program consisting of a group of VA and University of Pennsylvania scientists. From 1971 until 2013, he served as director of this research center, called the Center for Studies of Addiction at the University of Pennsylvania. He and the center's other researchers made many discoveries about the treatment of addictive disorders, and published their research findings in more than 500 research papers, all authored or co-authored by O'Brien, and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.O'Brien and his colleagues at the Center for Studies of Addiction received personal praise, for their innovative research and results in helping patients recover from drug addiction, from U.S. President George H.W. Bush during a September 1991 tour of the center. In addition to conducting scientific research, O'Brien also has advised U.S. government authorities on policies affecting the availability of drugs, including alcohol and tobacco, as well as on government's proper role in preventing and treating addictive disorders. He has also provided policy advice about drugs and addiction to many other countries, especially France. In the US, O'Brien has chaired or served as a member of many Institute of Medicine committees dealing with science and drug abuse policy matters. From 2007 to 2013, he served as chairperson of the Substance Use Disorders Committee of the American Psychiatric Association. The purpose of this committee was to revise the primary classification system, known as DSM-5, that psychiatrists use in diagnosing mental illnesses, including addiction disorders.There was no validated measure of addiction in the 1970s, so O'Brien began work, together with A. Thomas McLellan, PhD, to develop the "Addiction Severity Index", a tool that was later translated into over 30 languages and which by 2012 was being used throughout the world to determine the extent of patients' problems and tailor appropriate treatment approaches. Naltrexone, an opioid receptor antagonist, was already in use by the early 1980s as a medication for treating addiction to heroin and other opioids, but not alcohol addiction. Based on animal studies, O'Brien in the 1980s theorized that alcohol produced pleasure by releasing endorphins – the brain's naturally occurring opioids. Accordingly, blocking endorphin receptors might help alcoholics resist drinking. In 1983, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted permission to test this theory on patients. With funding provided by the U.S. Veterans Administration Substance Abuse Center in Philadelphia, O'Brien and one of his students, fellow University of Pennsylvania psychiatrist Joseph Volpicelli, and others conducted a study in which all addiction patients received counseling, but half of them also received naltrexone, while the other half received a placebo. During three months of treatment, those receiving naltrexone had fewer relapses to heavy drinking and reported less craving and less pleasure when they did drink.Working from these observations, O'Brien and his colleagues discovered a new treatment for alcoholism using naltrexone. In 1995, the FDA approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence, ushering in a new era of alcoholism treatment which, prior to this time, had been limited mainly to psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions such as Alcoholics Anonymous. In later studies, O'Brien and his colleagues noticed that naltrexone seemed to work effectively on only a subset of alcohol-addicted patients. The researchers began investigating why some alcoholics respond well to naltrexone while others do not. Their work led to the discovery of genes that determine the extent of pleasure one feels when drinking alcohol. Individuals with a particular genetic variant have a sensitive endogenous opioid system that is activated by alcohol, thereby producing stimulation and euphoria. naltrexone blocks this form of alcohol reward, so the medication is particularly effective for these individuals.Aimed at establishing a genomic sub-category of alcoholism, this work seemed to support the movement toward "personalized medicine" in the treatment of alcoholism. O'Brien and his colleagues never applied for a patent on the discovery of naltrexone's effectiveness for treating alcohol addiction, so this treatment continues to be used at no cost worldwide. He has served as president of both the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology and the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease. "The Detox Amy Winehouse Should Have Done". Time. (interview with O'Brien)
  Interview on Kojo Nnamdi Show, National Public Radio, December 7, 2010

American medical researchers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
People from New Orleans

Tulane University School of Medicine alumni
1939 births
American psychiatrists
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Tulane University alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Living people


title: Nicolas Bouvier

texts:
<mask> (6 March 1929 in Lancy – 17 February 1998) was a 20th-century Swiss traveller, writer, picture editor and photographer. He studied in Geneva in the 1950s and lived there later between his travels. Life

Bouvier was born at Grand-Lancy near Geneva, the youngest of three children. He grew up in "a Huguenot milieu, rigorous and enlightened at the same time, intellectually very open, but where the entire emotional aspect of existence was strictly monitored." He passed his childhood in a house where, in his words, "the paper-cutter counted for more than the bread-knife", a double reference to his librarian father ("one of the most amiable beings I should ever have met") and his mother, "the most mediocre cook west of Suez". He grew up indifferent to gastronomy and a hardy traveller as well as an avid reader. Between the ages of six and seven, he devoured Jules Verne, Curwood, Stevenson, Jack London and Fenimore Cooper."At eight years, I traced with my thumbnail the course of the Yukon in the butter of my toast. Already waiting for the world: to grow up and clear off." From 1946, various escapades (Bourgogne, Tuscany, Provence, Flanders, the Sahara, Lapland, Anatolia) got him started on the path of the voyager. Nevertheless, he enrolled at the University of Geneva in the faculty of Letters and Law, indulged an interest in Sanskrit and medieval history, and thought about pursuing a doctorate (which he did not in the end take up) doing a comparative study of Manon Lescaut and Moll Flanders. His travels all over the world incited him to recount his experiences and adventures, the most famous works being L'Usage du monde and Le Poisson-scorpion. His work is marked by a commitment to report what he sees and feels, shorn of any pretence of omniscience, leading often to an intimacy bordering on the mystical. His journey from Geneva to Japan was in many ways prescient of the great eastward wave of hippies that occurred in the sixties and seventies - slow, meandering progress in a small, iconic car,  carefully guarded idiosyncrasy, a rite of passage.Yet, it differs in that the travelogues this journey inspired contain deep reflections on man's intimate nature, written in a style very much aware and appreciative of the traditions and possibilities of the language he uses. (He wrote mainly in French, though he does mention writing a series of travel articles in English for a local journal during his stay in Ceylon.) "To reach the heart of this man, one must return to the slim volume that contains all his poems," wrote Bertial Galand, Bouvier's editor. The work in question is Le dehors et le dedans, a collection of texts written for the most part on the road and published for the first time in 1982. This is the only book of poetry by Bouvier, who nevertheless said in an interview, "Poetry is more necessary to me than prose because it is extremely direct, brutal - full-contact!" At the end of the 1950s, the World Health Organization asked him to find images on the eye and its diseases. Thus Bouvier discovered, "through the chances of life", his profession of "image searcher," which perhaps appealed to him because "images, like music, speak a universal language," as suggested by Pierre Starobinski in his preface to Le Corps, miroir du Monde - voyage dans le musée imaginaire de <mask>uvier.Another posthumous work, Entre errance et éternité, offers a poetic look at the mountains of the world. The iconographer commented on some of his finds in a series of articles for Le Temps stratégique, collected together as Histoires d'une image. That <mask> lived in movement does not mean that he did not enjoy himself in Switzerland. Quite the contrary: he was involved in various activities, creating the progressive Gruppe Olten with Frisch and Dürrenmatt, after having left the Swiss Writers Society, which he found too conservative. In L'Echappée Belle, éloge de quelques pérégrins he celebrates a Switzerland "rarely spoken of: a Switzerland in movement, a nomadic Switzerland." The Swiss, sedentary? "You must be joking!In fact, the Swiss are the most nomadic people in Europe. Every sixth Swiss has chosen to live his life abroad." Reasonable? "It remains to be seen! Under the ordered surface, the varnish of the Helvetic 'as it should be,' I sense the passage of great strata of the irrational, a deaf fermentation, so present in the first thrillers of Dürrenmatt, in Fritz Zorn's Mars, a latent violence that, to me, renders this country bizarre and engaging." The traveller-writer, a close friend of Ella Maillart, thus sees in the history of his country "a constant of nomadism, of exile, of quest, of anxiety, a manner of not staying in place that have profoundly marked our mentality and, therefore, our literature. There has been, for two thousand years, a Switzerland, vagabond, pilgrim, often forced on to the road by poverty, and of which we speak all too rarely."<mask> received the Prix de la Critique (1982), the Prix des Belles Lettres (1986), and in 1995 the Grand Prix Ramuz for the entirety of his work. On 17 February 1998, suffering from cancer, <mask> died, in the words of his wife, "in complete serenity." A few months earlier, he had written these words: "Henceforth it is in another elsewhere / that reveals not its name / in other whispers and other plains / that you must / lighter than thistle / disappear in silence / returning thus to the winds of the road" (Le dehors et le dedans, "Morte saison'"). Major voyages

Khyber Pass (1953–1954)
Without even waiting for the results of his exams (he would learn in Bombay that he had obtained his Licence in Letters and Law), he left Switzerland in June 1953 with his friend Thierry Vernet in a Fiat Topolino. First destination: Yugoslavia. The voyage lasted till December 1954. The voyage led the two men to Turkey, to Iran and to Pakistan, Thierry Vernet leaving his friend at the Khyber Pass.<mask> continued alone. <mask> recounted the journey in L'Usage du monde, published in English translation as "The Way of the World". The pilgrim finds the words to express himself, and his feet follow them faithfully: "A journey does not need reasons. Before long, it proves to be reason enough in itself. One thinks that one is going to make a journey, yet soon it is the journey that makes or unmakes you." The book was described as a voyage of self-discovery '"on the order of Robert M. Pirsig’s Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance". Sri Lanka/Ceylon (1955)
With intermittent company, Bouvier crossed Afghanistan, Pakistan and India before reaching Ceylon.Here he lost his footing: the solitude and the heat floored him. It took him seven months to leave the island and almost thirty years to free himself of the weight of this adventure with the writing of Le Poisson-scorpion (published 1981, translated into English as The Scorpion-Fish). It ends on a quote from Louis-Ferdinand Céline: "The worst defeat of all is to forget and especially the thing that has defeated you." Japan (1955–1956)
After Ceylon, he left for another island: Japan. He found a country in the throes of change and he continued to visit Japan over the subsequent decades. These experiences led to Japon, which would become Chroniques Japonaises after a third sojourn in 1970 and a complete re-edition. It was published in English in 1992 as The Japanese Chronicles.In this book, he blended his personal experiences of Japan with Japanese history and rewrote a Japanese history from a Western perspectives. "Japan," he says, "is a lesson in economy. It is not considered good form to take up too much space." Ireland (1985)
Building on a report for a journal in the Aran Islands, <mask> wrote Journal d'Aran et d'autres lieux, a tale of travel that slips at times into the supernatural, the voyager suffering from typhoid. His appreciation of the air of the Irish islands is described as that which "dilates, tonifies, intoxicates, lightens, frees up animal spirits in the head who give themselves over to unknown but amusing games. It brings together the virtues of champagne, cocaine, caffeine, amorous rapture and the tourism office makes a big mistake in forgetting it in its prospectuses."

masks:
Nicolas Bouvier
Nicolas Bo
Nicolas Bouvier
Bouvier
Nicolas Bouvier
Bouvier
Bouvier
Bouvier


title: Eugene B. Sydnor Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (September 25, 1917 – September 9, 2003) was a Richmond department store owner, Chamber of Commerce executive, and politician. A member of the Byrd Organization, <mask> served briefly in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly: from 1953 to 1955 in the House of Delegates and from 1955 until 1959 in the Virginia Senate. Both occurred during the period of Massive Resistance to the United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Early and family life

A Richmond native, and son of businessman <mask><mask> and his wife, the former <mask>, <mask> was educated at St. Christopher's School in Richmond, and had a sister who became Mrs. Charles M. Carr of Williamsburg. <mask> graduated from Princeton University in 1939 and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He then received a Master of Business Administration from the Harvard Business School. <mask> married Lucy Harvey (d. 2006) of Winnetka, Illinois, whom he met during his World War II naval service, and they had one daughter (Alice) who predeceased them, and three sons (William H., <mask>. and Charles).They divorced. <mask> later married Elaine Jantzen Willis, and she and her two daughters and three sons also survived him. Military career

During World War II, <mask> served in the United States Navy aboard three destroyers, last holding the position of First Lieutenant. Career

<mask> was the president and significant stockholder of Southern Department Stores (now defunct but then with 20 retail locations in Virginia and North Carolina, including in Williamsburg, Gloucester, Petersburg, Rappahannock and Kilmarnock). In 1951, the National Labor Relations Board ruled against the family's Richmond Dry Goods Co., which was the target of unionization efforts. In 1956, he spun that company off to Philip Whitlock Klaus, who had founded it with <mask>'s father. <mask> became president of the Richmond Better Business Bureau and of the Virginia Retail Merchants Association, vice president of the board of the National Retail Merchants Association and of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Southeastern Division.He was also a director of State-Planters Bank of Commerce and Trusts in Richmond and of the Richmond Dry Goods Co.

As Education Director for the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, <mask> gained nationwide recognition in connection with a 1971 memorandum from his neighbor, then Richmond attorney Lewis F. Powell Jr. concerning perceived attacks on the U.S. business system. His charitable activities included service as a trustee of the Richmond Area Community Chest and Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (to which he also donated several works), as well as vice president of the American Red Cross's Richmond chapter. Political career

<mask> served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1953 until 1955, as one of the city's seven delegates. In that election, W. Moscoe Huntley, Fred G. Pollard, W. Griffith Purcell and J. Randolph Tucker Jr. were re-elected, but <mask>, George E. Allen Jr and Edward E. Lane replaced William H. Adams, Albert Orlando <mask> and Charles H. Phillips. When Senator Frank S. Richeson died on December 31, 1954, <mask> replaced him and won the senatorial seat in his own right in that election. He thus represented Richmond in the Virginia Senate as one of three Senators representing the city (along with Edward E. Willey and Edward E. Haddock, with fellow St. Christopher's alumnus FitzGerald <mask> replacing him in the House of Delegates). In 1957, a commission which <mask> chaired studied industrial policy in Virginia.Late the following year, <mask> was among the 29 businessmen approaching Governor J. Lindsay Almond, Lieutenant Governor Gi Stevens, Attorney General Albertis Harrison and other officials, warning them of the toll the Byrd Organization's policy of Massive Resistance was having upon the Commonwealth's business community. <mask> did not seek re-election in 1959 (the first year in which the senatorial districts were numbered), and <mask> also succeeded him in the Virginia Senate representing Richmond along with Haddock and Willey. As a state senator, <mask> sponsored the bill creating the State Council on Higher Education in 1959. He became the first chairman of the State Technical Education Board, as well as the first chairman of the State Board for Community Colleges (in 1966). <mask> also served on the Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government, and the Governor's Industrial Development Advisory Board. He also opposed creation of two expressways which divided Richmond, and in one of his last public expressions in 1980, advocated eliminating tolls on those roads. Death and legacy

<mask> died in Richmond in 2003, survived by his widow and stepdaughters, as well as his ex-wife and their children.In the 1970s, <mask> and <mask> had acquired an estate at "Dancing Point" in Charles City County overlooking the confluence of the James and Chickahominy Rivers. Lucy continued to live on the estate until her death in 2006. The area contains significant historical artifacts of both indigenous peoples and colonial settlers, so access is restricted. The postmodern house constructed and grounds designed by architects Robert Welton Steward of Richmond and California-based Thomas Dolliver Church were placed on the Virginia Landmarks register in 2015 and National Register of Historic Places in April 2016. It is occasionally open for tours. Development as a spiritual retreat or conference center is contemplated. The family's department store chain is defunct, not surviving competition from mass market retailers.In March, 1999, the family store in Williamsburg, run by his son Charles, requested bankruptcy court protection, in part due to ice storm damage. The scholarship at the University of Richmond's Evening Division was established in 1915 to honor his father, who founded the Richmond Dry Goods Co. and as president of the Richmond Chamber of Commerce had helped found Shenandoah National Park in the 1920s. References

Virginia Democrats
Virginia state senators
Politicians from Richmond, Virginia
People from Charles City County, Virginia
Harvard Business School alumni
1917 births
2003 deaths
Businesspeople from Richmond, Virginia
Princeton University alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American businesspeople

masks:
Eugene Beauharnais Sydnor Jr
Sydnor
Eugene B
. Sydnor
Sallie Belle Weller
Eugene
Sydnor
Eugene Sydnor
Eugene Jr
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Boschen
Sydnor
Bemiss
Sydnor
Sydnor
Sydnor
Bemiss
Sydnor
Sydnor
Eugene Sydnor
Eugene
Lucy Sydnor


title: Jim Cashman (hurler)

texts:
<mask> (born 9 June 1965) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a centre-back for the Cork senior team. Born in Blackrock, Cork, <mask> first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Coláiste Chríost Rí. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Cork minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1985 Oireachtas Cup. Cashman subsequently became a regular member of the starting fifteen and won two All-Ireland medals, three Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on one occasion. As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, Cashman won one Railway Cup medal.At club level he is a two-time championship medallist with Blackrock. Cashman's father, <mask>, his uncle, <mask>, and his brother, <mask>, all played for Cork. Throughout his career Cashman made 29 championship appearances. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1996 championship. In retirement from playing Cashman became involved in team management and coaching. At club level he has been involved in coaching at underage levels with Blackrock. Cashman is regarded as one of Cork's best players of his era.During his playing days he won two All-Star awards. Cashman was also chosen as one of the 25 best Cork players of the past 25 years in a 2013 poll. Playing career

Club

After enjoying little championship success in the minor and under-21 grades with Blackrock, Cashman subsequently joined the senior team. In 1985 Blackrock faced Midleton in the championship decider. Cashman, in the company of his brother Tom, Michael Browne, Kilkennyman Frank Cummins, Éamonn O'Donoghue and Finbarr Delaney, gave a masterful display. A 1-14 to 1-8 victory gave Cashman, who also earned the man of the match award, a first championship medal. After failing to retain the title Blackrock went into a period of decline.After losing the 1998 decider to Imokilly, Cashman lined out in a fourth championship decider the following year. A 3-17 to 0-8 trouncing of University College Cork, with Cashman giving a man of the match display again, gave him a second championship medal. Inter-county

Cashman first played for Cork as a goalkeeper on the minor team on 16 May 1981 in a 2-6 to 0-6 Munster semi-final defeat by Clare. He was moved to centre-back the following year before being dropped to the substitutes' bench in his final year as a minor in 1983. In 1985 <mask> joined the Cork under-21 team, however, his two-year tenure in this grade ended without success. <mask> made his senior debut for Cork on 10 November 1985 in a 2-11 to 1-10 Oireachtas final defeat of Galway. He was a regular throughout the subsequent league campaign and was included in Cork's championship team in 1986.Cork made it five-in-a-row in Munster that year as they defeated Clare by 2–18 to 3–12 to take the provincial title. It was <mask>'s first Munster medal. This victory paved the way for an All-Ireland final meeting with Galway on 7 September 1986. The men from the west were the red-hot favourites against a Cork team in decline, however, on the day a different story unfolded. Four Cork goals, one from John Fenton, two from Tomás Mulcahy and one from Kevin Hennessy, stymied the Galway attack and helped the Rebels to a 4–13 to 2–15 victory. It was <mask>'s first All-Ireland medal. In 1990 Cork bounced back after a period in decline.He won his second Munster medal that year following a 4-16 to 2-14 defeat of Tipperary. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 2 September 1990 pitted Cork against Galway for the second time in four years. Galway were once again the red-hot favourites and justified this tag by going seven points ahead in the opening thirty-five minutes thanks to a masterful display by Cashman's opposite number Joe Cooney. Cork fought back with an equally expert display by captain Tomás Mulcahy. The game was effectively decided on an incident which occurred midway through the second half when Cork goalkeeper Ger Cunningham blocked a point-blank shot from Martin Naughton with his nose. The umpires gave no 65-metre free, even though he clearly deflected it out wide. Cork went on to win a high-scoring and open game of hurling by 5–15 to 2–21.As well as winning a second All-Ireland medal <mask> was later presented with a first All-Star. Cork surrendered their All-Ireland crown to Tipperary in 1991, however, in spite of an early championship exit <mask> finished the year with a second All-Star. In 1992 <mask> claimed a third Munster medal following a 1-22 to 3-11 of Limerick. On 6 September 1992 Cork faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland decider. At half-time Cork were two points ahead, however, two second-half goals by John Power and Michael "Titch" Phelan supplemented a first-half D. J. Carey penalty which gave Kilkenny a 3-10 to 1-12 victory. <mask> won a National Hurling League medal in 1993 following a 3-11 to 1-12 defeat of Wexford. After unsuccessful championship campaigns over the following three years, <mask> retired from inter-county hurling following Cork's exit from the 1996 championship.Inter-provincial

<mask> was first picked for the Munster inter-provincial team in 1987, however, Munster's campaign ended at the semi-final stage. He made it onto the starting fifteen in 1991, however, Munster fell to an all-Galway Connacht team by 1-13 to 0-12 in the decider. In 1992 Cashman was at centre-back as Munster faced Ulster in the decider. A 3-12 to 1-8 victory gave Cashman a Railway Cup medal. Honours

Player

Blackrock
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1985, 1999

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1986, 1990
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1986, 1990, 1992
National Hurling League (1): 1992-93
Oireachtas Tournament (1): 1985

Munster
Railway Cup (1): 1992

Individual

Honours
All-Star (2): 1990, 1991

References

1965 births
Living people
Blackrock hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
People educated at Coláiste Chríost Rí

masks:
James Cashman
Cashman
Mick Cashman
Jimmy Brohan
Tom Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman
Cashman


title: Käthe Windscheid

texts:
Katharina "<mask><mask> (28 August 1859 – 11 March 1943) was a German women's rights activist and a pioneer of women's education. In 1895 she became the first woman in Germany to receive a doctorate for an academic dissertation. Life

Early life and education
Katharina <mask> was born in Munich, where her father, the distinguished jurist <mask>, taught at the university between 1858 and 1871. Her parents had married on 4 November 1858. Her mother was the artist Auguste Eleanore Charlotte "Lotte" Pochhammer (1830–1918). There were three younger siblings, including  (1862–1910) who would also become something of a pioneer in his chosen field: he was a neurologist. <mask> attended the Höhere Mädchenschule in Munich.Girls' secondary schools were still unusual in Germany; but when the family moved to Heidelberg (in 1871) and then to Leipzig (in 1874) (due to her father's work commitments) she pursued her education at equivalent schools in those cities. By 1882 she had stayed in London and Geneva (and/or, according to some sources, in France) in order to deepen her knowledge of English and French. By 1880 her father was 63, and although he was still a professor at Leipzig the family – including Katharina – lived in Berlin between 1880 and 1883. (Rail links from Berlin to Saxony had been significantly upgraded during the 1870s.) Käthe attended teaching seminars attached to Berlin's "Victoria-Lyzeum" (secondary school), and in 1882, she qualified as a language teacher for English and French. When the family returned to Leipzig in 1883 she worked for several months as a language teacher at the Höhere Mädchenschule which she had attended as a child. Thanks to the efforts of educationalists from Britain such as Georgina Archer and the known enthusiasm for modern ideas of the Kaiser's English-born daughter-in-law, Victoria, England was known (correctly) in liberal circles as a relatively progressive country in respect of women's education.In 1885 <mask> <mask> returned to London to study English literature at the University of London, which during the 1870s had become the first in England to accept women for degree courses. In 1887 she emerged from the teacher's training college (Lehrerinnenseminar) in Dresden – at that time the only such institution for women in the whole of Saxony – with a full German teaching qualification. In parallel with her studies she had already, since Easter 1886, been working as a teacher at the prestigious Teichmann'schen Teaching and Education Academy at its daughter school in Leipzig. She had also started to attend philology lectures as a Gasthörerin (literally, "(female) guest listener") at Leipzig University. Education for women
Around this time Windscheid became a member of the German Women's Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Frauenverein, or ADF). Described in one source as "the oldest German women's rights organisation", the ADF had been founded in Leipzig by Louise Otto-Peters and Auguste Schmidt in 1865. Its major objectives included access for women to higher education and to gainful employment.Other leading ADF members included educators such as Henriette Goldschmidt, Josefine Friederici and Johanna Brandstetter. In 1888 <mask> <mask> was a co-founder of the Leipziger Lehrerinnen-Verein ("Leipzig female teachers' association"). She remained an active member of its governing committee until 1902, and stayed on as an honorary member after that. In 1892 she was elected to the national executive of the ADF. That same year she was a founding member of the Frauengewerbe-Verein (loosely, "women's vocational union") which was established at the instigation of the Leipziger Lehrerinnen-Verein. In 1902 she teamed up with her mother to create the Leipziger Verein der Kinderfreunde (Kinderschutz) e. V., which concerned itself with identifying and seeking to counteract cases of child mistreatment, moral hazard, child malnutrition and excessive use of child labour. In working with these welfare-oriented and campaigning organisations Windscheid did not restrict herself to "executive duties".She gave lectures and presentations covering a range of related topics such as care of the poor and of orphans, reading material, the women's movement and - a particular concern of Windscheid's: girls' education, as reported in the Neue Bahn, the ADF's house publication, available in the Louise-Otto-Peters-Archiv in Leipzig. While campaigning for (among other issues) better provision of education for women, <mask> <mask> also continued to invest time and talent in her own education. Probably it was her father's intervention with his friend, Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden, that enabled Windscheid to study for a doctorate at Heidelberg University. She was awarded the certificate in 1895 for her dissertation submitted the previous year, entitled Die englische Hirtendichtung von 1579–1625 (loosely, "English Pastoral Poetry 1579–1625"). Until the early 20th century women in Germany were generally ineligible for university-level studies. Women with appropriate language skills and enough money and determination were obliged to go abroad for their higher education, as Käthe <mask> had done. Saxony was more progressive than some parts of Germany, however, in that as far back as 1870, women were able to attend university lectures as "guest listeners", with the permission of the professors.Windscheid had used that facility at Leipzig University between 1890 and 1894, but there had been no possibility of obtaining any sort of academic degree afterwards. Abitur
Thus in the 19th century there were no arrangements for girls wishing to study for the Abitur – the school final exams that were the gateway to a university education. Since its creation in 1865 the ADF had submitted a series of petitions demanding better school provision for girls, equal standards for female and male trainee teachers and admission of women to universities. Meanwhile, using a private foundation dedicated to provision of university-level studies and a girls' secondary school, the ADF was able, towards the end of the 19th century, to provide bursaries for a small number of women to attend universities abroad. A further milestone was reached at Easter 1894 when the first secondary school courses designed to prepare girls for the Abitur were introduced. This initiative had originated in Berlin, where Helene Lange had started providing equivalent courses (Realkurse) for secondary school girls in 1889: these prepared girls for the Swiss Abitur, as the opening up of German universities to women still seemed unthinkable, and at most Swiss universities the first language was a version of German. A further step forward was the establishment in 1893 of the first private girls' Gymnasium (pre-university secondary school) in Karlsruhe, although the school still operated under male leadership.Course fees for female students undertaking the ADF pre-university courses – set, in 1897, at 240 marks annually – were funded partly from the small income of the private foundation and partly from private donations. It was only in 1901 that the state added a contribution. In Leipzig the ADF courses were organised and headed up by Dr <mask> <mask>. She started out in the first year with ten students, whom she taught in her mother's apartment in the city. Due to demand, the courses had to be moved to larger premises in 1895. As numbers increased further, they moved again in 1900 and 1905. Windscheid enthused her pupils with her scholarship and with a friendly and at times less formal approach.There were "literary tea-parties" and other shared celebrations as well as school theatre visits. Windscheid gave many of the lessons herself. Increasingly, qualified teachers from secondary schools were also recruited to cover a remarkably broad curriculum that included German, French, English, History, Latin, Greek, Religion, Mathematics, Botany and Zoology, Chemistry, Physics and Geography. "Movement games" (Bewegungsspiele) and gymnastics were also part of the programme. All the teachers employed had been awarded doctorates as part of their university education. Between 1903 and 1910 a second female teacher was employed: Dr Frida Hansmann's educational career, like <mask> <mask>'s own, reflected the limited opportunities for women at that time. Hansmann had passed her Abitur not in Germany but in Zürich, before moving on to the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (university), also in Zürich, for her first degree.She had then attended lectures at Göttingen University as a "guest listener", but the university authorities there had rejected her doctoral dissertation. For that final qualification she had been obliged to return to Switzerland where, in 1902, she had received her doctorate in Chemistry from Bern University. In 1898 the first five female students in Saxony passed their Abitur before an independent royal commission in Dresden-Neustadt. It was only in 1902 that the first cohort of students from Käthe Windscheid's institution in Leipzig were allowed to take the exams at the Petrigymnasium (boys' school), and it was only in the summer term of 1906 that Leipzig University opened its degree courses to women. 27 women enrolled that year. One of those, Hannelore Rothenburg, subsequently achieved distinction as a biographer. They all went on to receive doctorates.Later years
The Saxony Girls' School Law was enacted in 1910, which introduced public Abitur (pre-university) courses for girls. The state authorities proposed that they should take over the by now well established ADF secondary school courses, but with the added provision that these should now operate under male leadership. Creation of the school courses by women for women had necessarily been a valued ADF tenet, and the idea that male leadership should now be superimposed on the existing structure was rejected. The courses were integrated into the programme at the Leipzig Girls' Secondary School under the leadership of a female head teacher. The ADF courses were therefore ended in 1914. Dr. <mask> <mask> moved as a teacher to the new Number 1 Girls' Secondary School ("I. Höhere Mädchenschule") into which the former Girls' Secondary School had been incorporated. By 1914 Dr. <mask> <mask> had taken 197 girls through the ADF courses to the Abitur.The school director (head), Prof. Groth, joined together with the municipal schools office and pupils at the school to apply to the Saxony Culture Ministry for Dr. <mask> <mask> to be granted the title of "professor", in recognition of her services to girls' secondary education. The application was rejected. Instead, however, in 1914 she was awarded the Order of Maria Anna 3rd class. She continued working at the school as an educator, in the first instance as a senior teacher and subsequently as a student counsellor, till 1924 when, having reached the age of 65, she retired. Dr. <mask> <mask> died in Leipzig on 11 March 1943. References

1859 births
1943 deaths
People from Leipzig
People from Munich
German women's rights activists
German educational theorists
German schoolteachers

masks:
Käthe
" Windscheid
Charlotte Friederike Auguste Windscheid
Bernhard Windscheid
Katharina Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid
Käthe
Windscheid


title: César Camargo Mariano

texts:
<mask> (born 19 September 1943) is a Brazilian pianist, arranger, composer and music producer. Biography
<mask> was born in São Paulo. In June 1957 the American trombone player Melba Liston invited thirteen-year-old <mask> to participate in her concert at a jazz club in Rio de Janeiro, and he appeared in a program on Rio's Globo Radio called "The Boy Prodigy Who Plays Jazz". Thar same year, <mask> met Johnny Alf, who went to live with <mask>'s family due to their great friendship. Together at the family home in São Paulo, <mask> became familiar with arranging, composing, and the arts of cinema and theatre, thanks to Johnny Alf's encouragement. Through his own instincts, tenacity and raw talent, <mask> formed amateur instrumental and vocal groups, when TV Record in São Paulo invited him for a special called "Passport to Stardom" (Passaporte para o Estrelato). In the early 1960s, a teenaged <mask> became famous for his ability to swing and for his legendary left hand.His ensembles of that era, notably Sambalanço Trio and Som Três, are regarded today as high points in Brazilian jazz; so for his 1981 album Samambaia, one of his thirty-plus instrumental albums. <mask>'s collaborations with some of Brazil's most important singers like Wilson Simonal and Elis Regina, brought him global acclaim, such as the historic 1973 album Elis e Tom, recorded with Antônio Carlos Jobim, that featured <mask> as producer, pianist, and musical director. Since then, <mask> had worked with an international array of musical giants, from Yo-Yo Ma, to Blossom Dearie. He also composed a wealth of soundtrack music for film and TV. In April 1994, <mask> moved to the United States, where he lives with his wife until now. <mask> received the 2006 Latin Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award. From his first marriage with singer Marisa Vertullo Brandão, a.k.a.Gata Mansa, he had a son Marcelo <mask>, today an accomplished bass player. He was married to Brazilian superstar Elis Regina for 8 years and they had two children (<mask> and Maria Rita); today they are both established singers. From his third marriage of 30 years to Flavia Rodrigues Alves he has a daughter, Luisa <mask> (1986), a singer, vocal producer, music business professional and graduate from Berklee College of Music, who worked at Sony Music, Buddah Brown Entertainment, and currently works freelance as Tour Manager and Vocal Producer. Discography
Quarteto Sabá (1964) RGE
Sambalanço Trio (1964) RGE
Sambalanço Trio II (1965) RGE
Lennie Dale e o Sambalanço Trio (1965) Elenco
Raulzinho e o Sambalanço Trio (1965) RCA
Reencontro com Sambalanço Trio (1965) RGE
Octeto de César Camargo Mariano (1966) RGE
Som Três (1966) RGE
Som Três Show (1968)
Som Três Vol. II (1969) RGE
Som Três Vol. III - Um é Pouco, Dois é Bom (1970)
Som Três Vol. IV - Tobogã (1971) Odeon Brazil
São Paulo - Brasil (1978) RCA Brazil
César Camargo Mariano & Cia.

masks:
César Camargo Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Mariano
Pedro Mariano
Mariano


title: Robert Deitz

texts:
<mask><mask> (born February 7, 1946) is an American lawyer and former intelligence officer who served as Senior Counsel to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and General Counsel of the National Security Agency during the directorships of Michael Hayden. He is a professor of public policy at George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government. Early life
<mask> was born in 1946 in Philadelphia and raised in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He attended Middlebury College for his undergraduate degree in English, graduating cum laude, Phi Beta Kappa. Upon graduation he was drafted into the United States Army where he earned the Army Commendation Medal. After fulfilling his commitment as a soldier, <mask> left the service to earn his Master of Public Administration from Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School, where he studied international politics and economics, before pursuing a Juris Doctor at Harvard Law School. At Harvard, <mask> was the Supreme Court Note and Note Editor of the Harvard Law Review and graduated magna cum laude.During law school he clerked for Supreme Court Associate Justice William O. Douglas and after Douglas' retirement, for Justices Potter Stewart and Byron White. Upon graduation, <mask> joined the Carter administration, serving as Special Assistant to Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare Joseph Califano and later then-Deputy Secretary of State Warren Christopher. After his first stint in public service, <mask> entered private practice. As a lawyer, he was admitted to the U.S. Supreme Court Bar, every Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals including the D.C. Circuit, U.S. Tax Court, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and United States District Court for the District of Maryland. Intelligence career
In September 1998, <mask> left a partner position in private practice at the Washington, D.C. office of international law firm Perkins Coie to return to public service to head the Office of the General Counsel, or D2 at the National Security Agency, responsible for representing the agency in all legal matters. During his stint at NSA, <mask> variously held concurrent dual-hat positions as acting General Counsel at the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and acting Deputy General Counsel, Intelligence, at the Department of Defense.While at NSA the agency's legal burdens were heavily focused on the warrantless surveillance programs later exposed by Edward Snowden in 2013.On Snowden's allegations that while at NSA officers "at any time can target anyone, any selector, anywhere,”  or "wiretap anyone from you or your accountant to a federal judge to even the president if I had a personal email”, <mask> called the claim a “complete and utter” falsehood. In the Los Angeles Times, <mask> said "First of all it’s illegal, there is enormous oversight. They have keystroke auditing. There are, from time to time, cases in which some analyst is [angry] at his ex-wife and looks at the wrong thing and he is caught and fired”

After the USA Freedom Act was signed into law by President Obama in 2014 as a compromise between civil libertarian demands and security hawk efforts to preserve certain spying tools, <mask> expressed skepticism that the legislation would offer much anything in the way of reform in either direction, saying "it’s being talked about like it’s the Declaration of Independence or something, these adjustments are marginal.”

<mask> left the NSA with Director Michael Hayden in September 2006 to follow his boss to the Central Intelligence Agency, where Hayden became Director, and <mask> served as Senior Counselor to the Director. At CIA, <mask> was Director Hayden's personal legal advisor, a role distinct from his previous position at NSA where he oversaw all legal affairs of the agency. <mask> has been a critic of journalistic standards for publication of classified information. At a meeting of the American Bar Association meeting in Washington, D.C. he delivered harsh criticism of industry practices saying “we need serious reviews by the editors of the newspapers about what they publish... giving more credit to people in these positions of authority, people such as the heads of NSA, CIA, DIA, and so forth — that these aren’t a bunch of corrupt pols who are trying to keep secrets simply to cover their careers, that these are well-intended people who are deeply concerned about keeping the American people safe.”

Academia
Both Deitz and Hayden left public service at the end of the Bush Administration, retiring from the CIA in February 2009.Soon after their departure, both joined the faculty of George Mason University's Schar School of Policy and Government. For <mask> this was just a more permanent role as he had already been teaching at George Mason since 2006 as Distinguished CIA Officer-In-Residence while at the agency. <mask> also currently serves on the Faculty Advisory Board of the Michael V. Hayden Center for Intelligence, Policy, and National Security, a think tank at George Mason University's Schar School founded by his former boss Michael Hayden. Controversy
<mask>'s teaching at George Mason was the subject of criticism from Ken Silverstein of The Intercept, who argued that <mask> was unfit to teach courses on ethical challenges in public policy on accord of his legal work in defense of NSA warrantless surveillance programs and what Silverstein claimed was a politically motivated investigation <mask> conducted into former CIA Inspector General John Helgerson's review of the agency's extraordinary rendition, black sites, and enhanced interrogation practices at the behest of Director Michael Hayden. Political affiliations
In the 2016 presidential elections <mask> supported the campaign of Republican candidate Carly Fiorina, and contrasted her foreign policy positions with those of then-candidate Donald Trump in a debate with Trump Campaign surrogate Peter Navarro on CNBC. Personal life
<mask> is married to Martina Hofmann and resides in the Old Town neighborhood of Alexandria, Virginia. He is Lutheran.Published works
 "Congratulations – You Just Got Hired: Don’t Screw It Up", 2013. References

George Mason University faculty
Middlebury College alumni
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Living people
American lawyers
American spies
People of the Central Intelligence Agency
National Security Agency people
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency people
United States Department of Defense officials
1946 births
People associated with Perkins Coie

masks:
Robert L
. Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz
Deitz


title: Lester Salamon

texts:
<mask><mask> (11 January 1943 – 20 August 2021) was a  professor at The Johns Hopkins University. He was also the Director of the Center for Civil Society Studies at The Johns Hopkins Institute for Health and Social Policy Studies. <mask> has written or edited over 20 books in addition to hundreds of articles, monographs and chapters that have appeared in Foreign Affairs, the New York Times, Voluntas, and numerous other publications. He was a pioneer in the empirical study of the nonprofit sector in the United States, and is considered by many experts in his field to be a leading specialist on alternative tools of government action and on the nonprofit sector in the U.S. and around the world. Education

<mask> graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics and Policy Studies from Princeton University in 1964 and earned a Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University in 1971. <mask> was the Director for the Center for Civil Society Studies, Institute for Policy Studies at The Johns Hopkins University, and also a Professor at Johns Hopkins School of Arts and Sciences (1997 to present). The Institute for Policy Studies was a research and training center involving 14 full-time professionals focusing on issues related to nonprofit organizations, philanthropy, and civil society in the United States and throughout the world.From 1987 - 1997, <mask> was the Director of the Institute for Policy Studies, which he founded, and a professor at the School of Arts and Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University. He also conceived and established the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, the Johns Hopkins Master of Arts in Policy Studies Program, and related research and training programs. <mask> was the Director of the Center for Governance and Management Research at the Urban Institute in Washington, D.C.from 1980 to 1986 where he conceived, secured funding for, and managed the Urban Institute's Nonprofit Sector Project, a major inquiry into the scope and structure of the private, nonprofit sector. He was the Deputy Associate Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget in Washington, D.C. from 1977 - 1979. <mask> taught at Duke University (1977–1980), Vanderbilt University (1970–1973), and at Tougaloo College in Tougaloo, Mississippi (1966–1967). Professional Activities
<mask> holds the position of Chairman of the Board of the Community Foundation of the Chesapeake, and is on the Board of the Maryland Association of NPOs (Nonprofit Organizations). He is a member of the Social Science Research Council's Committee on Philanthropy and the Nonprofit Sector.He is also on the Editorial Boards of Voluntas, Administration and Society, Society, Public Administration Review, and Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Honors, Prizes and Fellowships
In 1996 <mask> won the 1996 ARNOVA (Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action) Award for Distinguished Book in the Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research Writing Partners in Public Service: Government and the Nonprofit Sector in the Modern Welfare State. Another book of his, The Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector, which was produced in association with a team of colleagues from around the world, won the Virginia Hodgkinson Award for best publication in the nonprofit field in 2001. He won the Distinguished Lifetime Achievement Award from ARNOVA in November 2003. In 1982, <mask> published his book, The Federal Budget and the Nonprofit Sector, which was among the first to state the scale of the American nonprofit sector and talk about the extent of government support for it. Dr. <mask> later completed an empirical assessment of international nonprofits, and went on to publish his observations in several books. He is well known for writing America's Nonprofit Sector: A Primer, a book used commonly as a college textbook.Recent Publications
Books

Rethinking Corporate Social Engagement: Lessons from Latin America (Sterling, VA: Kumarian Press, 2010). Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector (with S. Wojciech Sokolowski and Associates), Volume II, (Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2004). - (Chinese edition published by Peking University Press, 2007)

Global Civil Society: An Overview (with S. Wojciech Sokolowski & Regina List), (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 2003). Hungarian edition published as: A Civil Társadalom:  Világnézetben (with S. Wojciech Sokolowski & Regina List), (Budapest, Hungary: Civitalis  Egyesület, 2003). The Resilient Sector: The State of Nonprofit America. (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2003). The State of Nonprofit America, (ed.)(Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2002). The Tools of Government: A Guide to the New Governance. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002). Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector [Inaugural Edition] (with Helmut K. Anheier, Regina List, et al.) (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 1999). (Winner of the Virginia Hodgkinson Prize, Independent Sector, 2001)
Spanish edition published as: Sociedad Civil Global: Dimensiones del Sector sin Fines de Lucro, With Helmut K. Anheier, Regina List, Stefan Toepler, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Associates (Madrid: Fundación BBVA, 2001). Chinese edition issued 2002

Recent Monographs and Articles: a Selection:

'MonographsImpact of the 2007-09 Economic Recession on Nonprofit Organizations with Stephanie Geller.Listening Post Project Communiqué #14: Baltimore:  The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 29 June 2009.Report on the Nonprofit Advocacy Roundtable, with Stephanie Geller. Listening Post Project Communiqué #13. Baltimore:  The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies,  22 April 2009. "Shovel-Ready" but Stalled: Nonprofit Infrastructure Projects Ready for Economic Recovery Support with Stephanie Geller. Listening Post Project    Communiqué # 12. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 17 February 2009.Nonprofit Policy Priorities for the New Administration'' with Stephanie Geller. Listening Post Project Communiqué #11: Baltimore:  The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies, 22 October 2008.Articles

“Survival Mode” by Greg Hanscom, Johns Hopkins Magazine, pp. 36–39, Fall 2009. “Volunteers and the Economic Downturn, Volunteering in America, August 2009. "How to Rally an Army of Nonprofit Volunteers," Chronicle of Philanthropy, 15 January 2009. "How to Finance Obama's Social-Innovation Fund," Chronicle of Philanthropy, 2 July 2009. “Third-Party Government: The New Normal in Government and Nonprofit Operations”, with Helmut Anheier and Stefan Toepler, Encyclopedia of Civil Society, February 2009. The Chronicle of Philanthropy Nonprofits to the Rescue, February 2009

References

 Panel on the Non-profit sector

1943 births
2021 deaths
Princeton University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Johns Hopkins University faculty

masks:
Lester M
. Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Career Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Salamon
Salamon