title: Frederick William von Kleist

texts:
<mask>ist. He was also known as <mask> for his command of the Green Hussar regiment, and to distinguish him from the 58 other members of the Kleist family who served in the war. He received the Order Pour le Mérite and he was listed on the Equestrian Statue of Frederick the Great. Family
<mask> came from the Kleist family. He was the fourth son of the royal Prussian colonel and heir to Schmenzin and Stavenow Andreas <mask> (1678–1738) and <mask> (1700–1758). He remained unmarried, but had fifteen siblings (ten brothers and five sisters),  and appointed his youngest brother, Major General <mask> (1736–1806), as his heir.Many members of the Stavenow branch of the family, to which <mask> belonged, figured prominently in the military activities of <mask> I and his son, <mask> II. The family had two major land owners, Andreas Joachim <mask> and his son, Joachim Friedrich, who were both officers in the Prussian army, as were another eight of Andreas Joachim's 10 sons. In total, 58 officers with the name <mask> served in the Seven Years' War; twenty-three died. Military career
Like many Prussian youngsters, <mask>'s military career emulated that of other junker sons. Many junkers owned immense estates, especially in the north-eastern part of Prussia, specifically, the provinces of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia, West Prussia, East Prussia and Posen. The local government sent lists of young men aged between 12 and 18 to Berlin and the youngsters received orders to proceed to cadet academies (Kadettenhaus) or military academies in Berlin. Such service had been required since the ascension of <mask> I, and firmly established the participation of the landed aristocracy in the Prussian military.<mask> began his 20-year military career at the gendarmes in Berlin, on garrison duty. In 1756, at the onset of the Seven Years' War, <mask> transferred him to Hussar Regiment Szekely. On 26 August 1756, when the Prussian Army invaded Saxony, the regiment was part of the left column led by the <mask>, Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. Initially concentrated in the area of Lübben, the column advanced through Lusatia via Hoyerswerda and Bautzen;  by 8 September, the column had reached Hohenstein then marched toward the Elbe near Pirna. On 1 October, eight of its squadrons took part in the action at Lobositz, covering the left flank. It did not participate in the second attack against Browne's Austrians. In mid-April 1757, the regiment formed part of the army that invaded Bohemia.On 6 May, although in the region, the regiment did not take part to the Battle of Prague. Instead it was deployed on the left bank of the Moldau near the Weissenberg as part of Field Marshal James Keith's corps. On 18 June, five squadrons of the regiment took part to the Battle of Kolin. They were deployed in the cavalry vanguard on the extreme left under General <mask>. At the end of August, the regiment was part of the small Prussian army assembled at Dresden by <mask> to head towards Thuringia and to offer battle to the Franco-Imperial army invading Saxony. On 14 September, when <mask> was forced to divide his army to contain the French in the region of Magdeburg and to secure the Prussian magazines in the area of Torgau, the regiment remained with <mask> at Erfurt to observe the Franco-Imperial army. On 15 September, the regiment was part of Seydlitz's force which occupied Gotha.On 19 September 1757, while patrolling with a Szekely battalion near Gotha, <mask> distinguished himself: the approaching imperial and French armies outnumbered the Prussians holding Erfurt and the Prussians evacuated the city before the Austrians arrived. The Prussian force, under the overall command of James Keith and locally by Friedrich Wilhelm <mask>, managed to retake Erfurt three days later. He received the Order Pour le Mérite. In 1759, <mask> became chief of Regiment Szekely, also called the Greens (due to the dominant color of their uniforms), a position he held until his death; hence forth he was also known as Green Kleist. In 1760 <mask> was promoted to the rank of colonel. On 15 August 1760, the Kleist Hussars played an essential role in the Battle of Leignitz. At a point when the outcome was in the balance, 14 full squadrons of Kleist cavalry hit the enemy cavalry; the latter fled and the Prussians took the battlefield.In early 1761, <mask> was appointed to lead a Freikorps, or an independent corps, with which he achieved some of his greatest successes. The Freikorps consisted of 22 squadrons of hussars and dragoons, including the so-called "Croatian Battalion", and a Fußjägerkorps (comparable to light infantry). With his Freikorps, he was dispatched again toward Erfurt, this time arriving on 24 February. The city's gates were closed and the citizens on alert. <mask> appeared with 200 hussars, demanding entrance; another battalion arrived a short time later. Capitulation terms were arranged, the city paid 150,000 thalers to get rid of the invaders. <mask> took the money and pressed toward Gotha, then to Hunfeld and then to Fulda.The punitive and profitable expedition ended soon, though. As the Austrians began to consolidate their forces, the Prussians retired out of range. In 1762 <mask> was promoted to major general. Glorious Raid: 1762
By November 1762, part of the Imperial army garrisoned Dresden, with 13 battalions of infantry; the rest of the Imperial army remained at Altenberg. <mask> and his army began the winter in Leipzig. Neither group had any plans for further operations other than watching the enemy's lines of communication. At this point in the stalemate, <mask>'s brother, Henry, unleashed a portion of <mask>'s Freikorps on a Glorious Raid, with instructions to plunder and lay waste to the more affluent states of the Holy Roman Empire.<mask> was instructed to seize at least a half million thalers from the enemy countryside and towns; Henry planned to break the Imperial resistance. <mask> took full advantage of this order. He acquired hostages and shelled towns: Bamberg, Würzburg and Erlangen fell to him. Captives and contributions were sent to Leipzig, where <mask> was headquartered. In late November, <mask> and his hussars were chased out of Imperial territories, back to Leipzig. This situation did not last for long. In mid-December, the Austrians refused to parlay, leaving the Imperial territories vulnerable to Prussian incursion as long as Austria remained at war with <mask>.The Freikorps was disbanded in 1763 after the conclusion of the war. Last years and death
<mask> spent the remaining years of his life between Berlin and his estate near Liegnitz, where he died on 28 August 1768, one day short of his 43rd birthday. <mask> memorialized <mask> with a plaque on the obelisk in his castle grounds of Rheinsberg; in 1851, the King's great-great nephew, <mask> III memorialized <mask> on the base of the Equestrian statue of <mask> Great in Berlin, next to the cavalry figure of Duke Ferdinand von Braunschweig. References

Sources

Blanning, Tim. <mask> the Great, Random House, 2016
Brackenbury, Charles Booth. <mask> the Great. Chapman and Hall, 1884.Hagen, <mask>. Ordinary Prussians: Brandenburg Junkers and Villagers, 1500–1840, Cambridge University Press, 2006. History of the Female Kleist line. "Geschichte des Geschlechts v. Kleist", (Friedrich Wilhelm Gottfried Arnd von Kleist zu ersehen unter laufender Seitens. 79 - 82)  See page 40 also. Grundlage des (gesamten!) Textes 1885, erg.1979, überarbeitet 2016, auf www.v-kleist.com  Accessed 6 Jan 2017. Karpiński, Tomasz. Freikorps von Kleist. Seven Years' War. Mar 2016 version. Freikorps von Kleist. Accessed 11 Jan 2017
 .Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, herausgegeben von der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Band 16 (1882). pp. 124–127. (Version vom 3 January 2017, 18:02 Uhr UTC);  "<mask>, Friedrich Wilhelm Gottfried Arnd von",  pp. 123–124. (Version vom 3 January 2017, 17:35 Uhr UTC)
Redman, Herbert. <mask> the Great and the Seven Years War, 1756–1763, McFarland, 2014
Smollett, Tobias George and Thomas Gaspey.The history of England Printing and publishing Company, 1800, p 52
Ward, <mask>. The Cambridge Modern History, Volume 12. CUP Archive, 1929, p. 217. Accessed 10 Jan 2017. 1724 births
1767 deaths
Pomeranian nobility
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
German military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
Major generals of Prussia
<mask>

masks: Friedrich Wilhelm Gottfried Arnd von Kleistle


title: Frances Hodgkins

type: original

texts:
<mask> (28 April 1869 – 13 May 1947) was a New Zealand painter chiefly of landscape and still life, and for a short period was a designer of textiles. She was born and raised in New Zealand, but spent most of her working life in England. She is considered one of New Zealand's most prestigious and influential painters, although it is the work from her life in Europe, rather than her home country, on which her reputation rests. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1869, the daughter of Rachel Owen Parker and W. M<mask>, a lawyer, amateur painter, and a leading figure in the city's art circles. As a girl she and her sister, Isabel (later Field) attended Braemar House, a private girls' secondary school; both sisters demonstrated artistic talent early on and each became a successful landscape painter in her own right. <mask> first exhibited rural genre scenes and portraits in 1890 at art societies in Christchurch and Dunedin. In 1893, she became a student of Girolamo Nerli and painted numerous studies of female sitters, one of which earned her the New Zealand Academy of Arts' prize for painting from life in 1895 (Head of an Old Woman).Hodgkin's portraits of Māori are, like many by Ellen von Meyern and Gottfried Lindauer, associated with symbolic portraits of demure females with or without a child. In 1895–96 she attended the Dunedin School of Art and subsequently became an art teacher, earning money to study in England. Career
In 1901, <mask> left New Zealand for Europe, enrolling in art school in London but also travelling and painting in France, the Netherlands, Italy and Morocco in the company of friend and fellow artist Dorothy Kate Richmond; whom she described as "the dearest woman with the most beautiful face and expression. I am a lucky beggar to have her as a travelling companion." While in Britain she intermittently met up with Margaret Stoddart, another expatriate artist. In 1903, one of <mask>' watercolors from this period (Fatima) became the first work by a New Zealander to be hung "on the line" at the Royal Academy of Arts in London. She returned to New Zealand in 1903 and established a teaching studio in Wellington, where she held a joint exhibition with Richmond in 1904.Among her pupils was Edith Kate Bendall, lover of Katherine Mansfield. In the same year <mask> became engaged to a British man, T. Boughton Wilby, but the engagement was broken off and she returned to London in 1906 to pursue her artistic career. In Europe, <mask> held her first solo show at the Paterson's Gallery in London in 1907 and moved to Paris in 1908. In 1910 she began teaching in Paris at Colarossi's academy as the first woman to be appointed instructor in the school. She also founded the School for Water Color. During this time she exhibited numerous watercolors at the Paris salon and came in contact with Canadian artist, Emily Carr, whom she taught while working on seascapes at Concarneau in Brittany. During World War I she spent some time in Zennor, Cornwall, where she worked with the Swansea painter, Cedric Morris, who painted her portrait in 1917.She herself began to paint in oils in 1915. In 1919, after the War, she went to France, where she was influenced by Matisse and Derain, but developed her own highly personal style, which made a strong impact at her one-person show in London at the Claridge Gallery in 1928. While in France she visited Nice in 1924 and there met Margaret Butler, a notable New Zealand sculptor. In 1925, <mask> started work as a fabric designer at the Calico Printers' Association (CPA) in Manchester and during her employment visited the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs in Paris. From the late 1920s on her style came to embrace modernist hallmarks such as abstracted, simplified forms and a strong emphasis on colour values and relationships. Although she continued to paint people, her work from this period also evidences an interest in fusing conventions of landscape with still life painting. In 1929 she joined the Seven and Five Society and worked alongside younger artists including Barbara Hepworth, Ben Nicholson and Henry Moore.In 1930, she "goaded" her friend Lucy Wertheim into opening her gallery in London to exhibit "artists who had not yet arrived". During the 1930s <mask> exhibited with many important London galleries and gained a contract from the Lefevre Gallery to produce work for a full-scale exhibition every second year. In 1931 she became a painting companion of fellow New Zealand artist Maude Burge and painted still lifes at Burge's Villa in the garden terrace. Saint-Tropez. Her experimentation with mixing artistic genres continued, resulting in paintings that conflate still life with self-portraiture to sidestep physical appearance in self-representation. In 1939 she was invited to represent Britain at the 1940 Venice Biennale, but wartime travel restrictions meant that her work could not be transported to Venice. She was highly considered among British avant-garde society and by the later stages of her career was known as a key figure in British Modernism.Because of World War II she spent the rest of her life in Britain. She continued to paint into her seventies, despite suffering from rheumatism and bronchitis. She died in Dorchester, Dorset on 13 May 1947. When she died she was regarded as one of Britain's leading artists. In 1948 Myfanwy Evans (later Piper) wrote a concise book entitled <mask>, as part of the 'Penguin Modern Painters' series, and the two were the only woman author and woman artist in the series of eighteen books. Fellowship
The <mask> Fellowship, established in 1962 at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand, is named after her. Works in collections

Gallery

Notes

References

Further reading
 Iain Buchanan, Michael Dunn, and Elizabeth Eastmond Frances <mask>: Paintings and Drawings (2002, Auckland University Press)
 Joanne Drayton, <mask>: A Private Viewing (2005, Godwit, Auckland)
 Elizabeth Eastmond and Merimeri Penfold, Women and the Arts in New Zealand.

masks:
Frances Mary Hodgkins
Hodgkins
. Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Frances Hogkins
Frances Hodgkins
Hodgkins
Frances Hodgkins


title: Eric Harrison (British Army officer)

texts:
Major-General <mask>, CB, CBE, MC, (23 March 1893 – 20 December 1987) was a British Army officer who served in both world wars, a rugby player, Olympic athlete, and later a painter and author. Military career
<mask> was born in Belgaum, India; his father, Major <mask>, was an officer in the British Indian Army. <mask> was educated at Cheltenham College before entering Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. While at Woolwich he played competitive rugby union for the army and for Kent and was selected by the Barbarians. From Woolwich he was commissioned into the Royal Artillery as a second lieutenant in January 1914, after which he was invited to play football for Southend United F.C. He took up hurdling and was soon selected to compete for England in the 120 metres hurdles against Scotland and Ireland. First World War
At the outbreak of the First World War <mask> was posted first to Harwich, manning anti-aircraft guns, and then to France, where he was involved in intense fighting around Hooge.He was promoted to Lieutenant in June 1915, and awarded the Military Cross later that year "for gallantry and initiative at Givenchy, on 10 March 1915, when he rushed up his gun under heavy shell fire and close-range rifle fire, and destroyed a hostile machine gun". He went on to fight at the Battle of Loos. He was promoted to temporary captain in November 1916, a promotion which was made permanent a year later. In 1918 he was promoted to brevet major, making him the youngest officer in the army to hold the rank at the time, and given command of an infantry school before appointment as a general staff officer first grade. By the end of the First World War, <mask> was attached to the 58th (London) Division and had been mentioned in dispatches four times. Between the wars
Following the end of the war, <mask> resumed his sports careers. He was selected for the "Mother Country" rugby team (forerunner to the British and Irish Lions) in 1919, and played for the army against Oxford University in 1920.<mask>'s rugby career ended prematurely due to injury, after which he refocused on hurdling; he was selected for the 1920 Summer Olympics but was prohibited from competing due to heart problems. He was appointed master of the Royal Artillery Harriers and then selected for staff college. He went on to compete at the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, and reached a semi-final in the 110 metres hurdles. After the Olympics, <mask> attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1925 to 1926 and was appointed adjutant to Lahore District, India, from 1928 to 1932. There he became master of the Lahore Hunt and took up big game shooting and racquets, in which he won the doubles event at the All India Championships. He returned to England in 1932, when he was promoted to permanent major. In 1934, <mask> was appointed a battery commander at Catterick Garrison in Yorkshire.Here he began painting, and eventually had three of his works hung at the Salon in Paris. Later that year, he was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel and given command of the Oxford University Officer Training Corps (OTC) and lectured at the university on military history until he relinquished the post in 1938; he also became master of the South Oxfordshire Hunt. In 1939, <mask> briefly served in Mandatory Palestine, commanding an infantry battalion at the end of the Arab Revolt under Major-General Bernard Montgomery, General Officer Commanding (GOC) 8th Infantry Division and a former Staff College instructor, who remarked that, "having loosed 'Dreadnought <mask>' on the task of killing rebels [...] he needed no urging in this respect". On 22 July 1939 <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Second World War
With the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, <mask> returned to England and was appointed Commander, Royal Artillery (CRA) with the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division, based at Sevenoaks in Kent. <mask> was promoted to full colonel on 28 August 1939 (with seniority backdated to 1 January 1937), and, on the same date, to the temporary rank of brigadier. The 12th Division was sent overseas to France in April 1940 but left its artillery, and <mask>, behind.Severely mauled during the Battle of France the following month, the 12th Division was disbanded in July and <mask> became Brigadier, Royal Artillery (BRA) in Northern Ireland District before being posted to Tunisia, where he served as Commander, Corps of Royal Artillery (CCRA) in IX Corps, under, initially, Lieutenant-General John Crocker, and, from late April 1943, Lieutenant-General Brian Horrocks. After the end of the campaign, <mask> was promoted to major general and served in General Dwight D. Eisenhower's Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) as Major General, Royal Artillery (MGRA); he was mentioned in despatches for his service during the Allied invasion of Sicily and continued in the post until 1943, when he returned to Britain to become General Officer Commanding (GOC) Sussex and Surrey District. <mask> was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) on 5 August 1943, and was promoted on 4 December 1943 to acting major-general. His rank of major-general was made temporary on 4 December 1944. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in 1945, and appointed aide-de-camp to King George VI in 1945, and retired from the army on 28 May 1946, having been granted the honorary permanent rank of major general. Retirement
In retirement, <mask> lived in Cornwall. He became master of the North Cornwall Hounds and was appointed Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall in 1955 and then High Sheriff of Cornwall in 1958.He also served as a justice of the peace, and chairman of St Lawrence's Hospital in Bodmin. In spare time, he grew rhododendrons and bred Labrador Retrievers, and fished for trout. He also published three books, including an autobiography, Gunners, Game & Gardens. His wife, Roza (née Stevenson), died in 1967. <mask> himself died in Amesbury, Wiltshire, on 20 December 1987 at the age of 94. Legacy
The National Portrait Gallery holds five photographic portraits of <mask>, three by Walter Stoneman from 1945 and two by Bassano Ltd from 1947. Publications

References

General

Specific

1893 births
1987 deaths
Athletes (track and field) at the 1924 Summer Olympics
British Army generals
British Army generals of World War II
British Army personnel of World War I
British autobiographers
British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
British non-fiction writers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Deputy Lieutenants of Cornwall
English footballers
English male hurdlers
English rugby union players
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
High Sheriffs of Cornwall
Military personnel of British India
Olympic athletes of Great Britain
People educated at Cheltenham College
Recipients of the Military Cross
Royal Artillery officers
Southend United F.C.players
Association footballers not categorized by position
20th-century non-fiction writers

masks:
Eric George William Warde Harrison
Harrison
WC Warde Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Dan Gilroy

texts:
<mask> (born June 24, 1959) is an American screenwriter and film director. He is best known for writing and directing Nightcrawler (2014), for which he won Best Screenplay at the 30th Independent Spirit Awards, and was nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the 87th Academy Awards. His other screenwriting credits include Freejack (1992), Two for the Money (2005), The Fall (2006), Real Steel (2011), and The Bourne Legacy (2012)—the last in collaboration with his brother <mask>. His wife, Rene Russo, has also been his frequent collaborator since the two met in 1992 and married later that year. Early life and education
<mask> was born on June 24, 1959, in Santa Monica, California. He is the son of Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Frank D<mask> (1925–2015), and sculptor and writer Ruth Dorothy Gaydos. His brother, <mask>, is a screenwriter and director, and his fraternal twin brother, <mask>, is a film editor.<mask> remembered that as a boy, seeing his father work and write at home full-time simplified the intricacies of becoming a writer. <mask> grew up in Washingtonville, New York, where he attended Washingtonville High School. In 1981, he graduated with a degree in English literature from Dartmouth College, which his father also attended. At Dartmouth, he and Boston Globe film critic Ty Burr were classmates and attended a class taught by David Thomson, another film critic. <mask> developed a strong interest in written works of the Victorian era—chiefly those of Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, and George Eliot. <mask> began his screenwriting career by co-writing the science fiction thriller Freejack (1992) with Steven Pressfield and Ronald Shusett, directed by Geoff Murphy and based on the novel Immortality, Inc. by Robert Sheckley. There, he met the film's co-star Rene Russo, whom he married later that year.After Freejack, he wrote for the films  Chasers (1994), Two for the Money (2005), and The Fall (2006). In his positive review of Two for the Money, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said <mask>'s script "is about three people who are transformed in relation to one another, as a situation develops that is equally dangerous all the way around". With Jeremy Leven, he co-wrote for Real Steel (2011), directed by Shawn Levy and based on Richard Matheson's short story "Steel". He co-wrote with his brother <mask> the script for The Bourne Legacy (2012), which was edited by his fraternal twin brother, <mask>. Directed by <mask>, the film is inspired by  Robert Ludlum's Jason Bourne novel series. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times described the <mask>s' script as something that "has given [Tony] much more to wrangle—locations, characters, hardware, franchise expectations—than he's had to deal with in the past", while Toronto Star reviewer Peter Howell said it resorted "too much into jabbering and jargon and not enough into action". <mask> made his directorial debut with the thriller Nightcrawler (2014), which starred Jake Gyllenhaal,
Rene Russo, and Riz Ahmed.<mask> also wrote the script, which he conceived in 1988 after reading the photo-book Naked City, a collection of photographs taken by American photographer Weegee of 1940s New York City residents at night. <mask> did not begin writing the script until he moved to Los Angeles two years later, when he recognized an abundance of violent stories on television news. According to <mask>, he considers the film to be a success story about a modern equivalent of Weegee, and a cautionary tale about the risks posed by capitalism. Nightcrawler was well received by the press on release, as was <mask>'s script, for which he was nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the 87th Academy Awards, and won Best Screenplay at the 30th Independent Spirit Awards. At the Independent Spirit Awards, <mask> closed his acceptance speech by lamenting the proliferation of superhero films in Hollywood. In 2017, he co-wrote Jordan Vogt-Roberts's adventure Kong: Skull Island with Max Borenstein and Derek Connolly, and wrote and directed Roman J. Israel, Esq., a legal drama starring Denzel Washington. <mask> conceived of Roman J. Israel after doing extensive research about the 1960s where many Americans have staunchly protested and advocated certain individual and group rights.The script had started as a spec, whose titular role he wrote specifically for Washington; <mask> has said that he would not have made the film had Washington declined to take over the role. After its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF), he re-edited the film by trimming thirteen minutes of runtime to get the plot to arrive quickly as the previous cut had laid much emphasis on the characters. On release, although Washington's performance was mostly praised, <mask>'s script for the film drew ambivalent responses from the press: Peter Travers at Rolling Stone praised it as "above standard-issue legal thriller but below the transcendent personal drama it aspires to be", while Entertainment Weeklys Chris Nashawaty felt it was ultimately a letdown. Other projects
<mask> was hired by Tim Burton to re-write Wesley Strick's Superman Lives script, making it more budget conscious and expanding the psychology for the final shooting drafts before it was cancelled by WB. <mask> later appeared in the documentary The Death of "Superman Lives": What Happened? (2015) to recount his contribution to the project. In 2011, he was due to write a film adaptation of the comic strip adventure The Annihilator.Personal life
<mask> resides in Los Angeles with actress Rene Russo, to whom he has been married since 1992. The two have a daughter, Rose, who has ventured into modeling. Filmography

Notes

References

External links

1959 births
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
American male screenwriters
Dartmouth College alumni
Film directors from California
Film directors from New York (state)
Independent Spirit Award winners
Living people
Fraternal twins
People from Washingtonville, New York
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Writers from Santa Monica, California
20th-century American writers

masks:
Daniel Christopher Gilroy
Tony Gilroy
Dan Gilroy
. Gilroy
Tony Gilroy
John Gilroy
Dan Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Career Gilroy
Gilroy
Tony Gilroy
John Gilroy
Tony Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy
Gilroy


title: Bintou Dembélé

texts:
<mask> is a dancer and a choreographer who is recognized as one of the pioneer figures of Hip Hop dance in France. After having danced for more than thirty years in the Hip Hop world, <mask> has been the artistic director of her own dance compagny Rualité since 2002. Her work explores the issue of the memory of the body through the prisms of the colonial and post-colonial French history. Beginnings

<mask> was born on March 30, 1975, in the suburbs of Paris to a family who emigrated to France after Sub Saharan Africa's decolonization. Bintou started dancing with her brothers when she was not even ten years old; her interest in Hip Hop dance was in part influenced by the show H.I.P. H.O.P. on the French TV channel TF1.Around 1985, <mask> <mask> and her friends Gérard Léal et Anselme Terezo created the dance group Boogie Breakers and started dancing collectively in their neighborhood's public spaces. In 1989, she joined the group Concept of Art, in which was born several collectives of rappers and dancers. While in middle school, <mask> <mask> also joined the dance groups Aktuel Force (in 1993 and 1997) and Mission Impossible (1994-1996) in which she diversified her Hip Hop dancing by learning House Dance, New Style, Break Dancing... etc. She progressively acquired her dance technique and street credibility through collective trainings. She practiced in emblematic parisian spots for the French street dances as in Châtelet les Halles, the Place du Trocadéro-et-du-11-Novembre, the Place Georges-Pompidou and La Défense. In addition to her participation to different collectif trainings in Paris, she gets involved in street shows, festivals, battles and national scale Hip Hop competitions. She also takes part in different shows in nightclubs in Belgium, at Le Palace (Paris), le Bataclan or Le Divan du Monde.Professional career

Dembélé's professional career began in 1996 when she was recruited by the Théâtre Contemporain de la Danse de Paris (TCD) as a dancer and choreographer. In 1997, she joined the dance group the Collectif Mouv’ where she created her first show entitled Et si…! (What if...!) with the break dancer Rabah Mahfoufi. While dancing for the Collectif Mouv', Dembélé also collaborated with the French Jazz saxophonist Julien Lourau and with the musical organization the Groove Gang to create a show entitled Come fly with us. At the same time she also co-founded the dance group Ykanji and the female group dance Ladyside. Her participation in French popular TV shows such as Graines de stars or Hit Machine enabled Dembélé to meet French rappers and dancers such as MC Solaar and Bambi Cruz.In 1998, she danced for MC Solaar's concert in l'Olympia (Paris) in a show choreographed by Max-Laure Bourjolly and Bambi Cruz. In 2002, as an interpreter for the dance company Käfig, Dembélé performed at the Joyce Theater in Manhattan during the New York New Europe '99 Festival. The same year, she also created her own dance compagny, named Rualité. In 2004 Dembélé created and performed her third show entitled L'Assise (The Foundation), which recounted the creative journey of individuals who explored the Hip Hop culture in France. In 2010, she created her first solo show entitled Mon appart' en dit long (My apartment tells a lot about it), in which she explored the notion of femininity, spatiality and daughter-mother relationship. In 2011, she choreographed the music video of the song Roméo kiffe Juliette of the French slam singer Grand Corps Malade. In 2013, she created and performed in Z.H.(an abbreviation for 'zoo humains', which means in English human zoos). Z.H, which is one of <mask>'s major creations, was created for six dancers and explored the notions of memory, imperial gaze and voyeurism, racism and the dehumanization of people of color. In 2016, she created and performed in S/T/R/A/T/E/S - Quartet et le duo (S/T/R/A/T/U/M - Duo quartet), a dancing and musical performance for two duos mixing improvisation, dance theater, gimmick and 'corporeal poetry' to interrogate the notions of the transmission of traumatic memory, of feminism and of post-colonial identities. As a recognized dancer with both a street and professional background, Dembélé participates as a judge in various battles and other Hip Hop dance competitions and trains dancers as interprets for live performances all over the world. Bintou and the dancers of her dance compagny Rualité have performed their shows in France and internationally (in Sweden, in Burma, in Chile, in Macedonia, in French Guiana and in Mali). Commitments

Rualité 's aim is to explore new forms of political engagements and representations by gathering diverse artists and researchers. The photograph and video maker Denis Darzacq and the anthropologist of colonial representations Sylvie Chalaye are one of the personalities linked to Rualité.Organized around the ideas of creation, transmission and research, Rualité not only produces dance shows but also works for enhancing the access to culture and to cultural activities both in the French metropole (and especially in its most marginalized communities) and in its overseas territories (and more especially in French Guiana). In the context of her company, <mask> <mask> frequently animates pedagogical and/or exploratory workshops aiming to gather people from different backgrounds and orientations in order to produce new insights on what being a committed artist means. <mask> <mask>'s engagements led her to work with students and scholars in schools and universities, with musicians and dancers from different backgrounds as well as with some of the Parisian suburbs' carceral population. <mask> <mask>'s commitment to the development of the Hip Hop culture and to the recognition and legitimacy of its actors in the French public spaces and common discourse led her to integrate the SeFeA laboratory organized by Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 in 2014. In September 2016, she is hosted by the Gender and Women studies department of the University of California, Berkeley in a conference to talk about the video documentary of her performance Z.H. In the French and francophone contexts, <mask> <mask>'s work can be related to the one of Maboula Soumahoro, Alice Diop or Isabelle Boni-Claverie. <mask> Demélé is one of the spokesperson of the scholars Mame-Fatou Niang and Kaytie Nielsen recent documentary Mariannes Noires (Black Mariannes) whose aim is to give voice and make visible Afro-French female identities.See also
 French hip hop
 Hip-hop theater
 Break dancing
 Banlieues
 Racism in France

References

Living people
1975 births
French female dancers
Hip hop dancers
21st-century French dancers
20th-century French dancers
20th-century French women
21st-century French women

masks:
Bintou Dembélé
Bintou Dembélé
Bintou Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Bintou
Dembélé
Bintou


title: Ara Darzi, Baron Darzi of Denham

texts:
<mask>, <mask> of Denham,  (; born 7 May 1960) is an Armenian-British surgeon, academic, and politician. Lord <mask> is an academic surgeon and holds the Paul Hamlyn Chair of Surgery at Imperial College London, specialising in the field of minimally invasive and robot-assisted surgery, having pioneered many new techniques and technologies. He is co-director of the Institute of Global Health Innovation and the NIHR Imperial Patient Safety Translational Research Centre at Imperial College London. He has become strongly identified with trying to change the National Health Service (NHS) in England and is recognised internationally as an advocate for applying innovative reforms to health systems globally. Until resigning the whip in July 2019, <mask> sat as a Labour member of the House of Lords, but now sits as an independent peer because of his perception that Jeremy Corbyn failed to control anti-semitism within Labour. Early life and family
<mask> was born in Baghdad, Iraq to Armenian parents displaced by the 1915 Armenian genocide. His family had lived in Erzurum, Ottoman Empire (now Turkey).His paternal great-grandparents, Tatyos and Elbiz Shiroian, had one daughter and four sons. Elbiz and her daughter, Arevalous (<mask>'s grandmother), were the only survivors of the genocide. They fled on foot to northern Iraq with the aid of a friend of Tatyos. <mask>'s father was born in Mosul and his mother was born in Baghdad. <mask> is fluent in Armenian and served as a choirboy for Armenian religious services, growing up in Baghdad . He graduated from Baghdad College, but the situation in Iraq in the late 1970s led to his family's emigration. At 17, he moved to Ireland to study medicine, while his parents and sister eventually settled in London."We were refugees. We had thrived in Iraq. But it was quite clear that we had to move on again. The first Persian Gulf war was looming. I remember my father saying: 'The kids need to get out of here,'" <mask> recalled in 2015. He studied medicine at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, obtaining the degrees of LRCP&SI MB BCh BAO in 1984, and subsequently obtained the postgraduate degree of MD at Trinity College, Dublin. He moved to the UK from Ireland in 1990 to further his career in surgery.In 1991, he was appointed as a consultant surgeon at Central Middlesex Hospital at the age of 31 and then moved to St Mary's Hospital in 1994. His wife, Wendy, is Irish. They have two children, Freddie and Nina. Medical career
<mask> joined Imperial College London in 1994, obtained his Professorship in 1996 and became the Chair of Surgery and Head of Department in 1998. <mask> holds the Paul Hamlyn Chair of Surgery at Imperial College London and the Institute of Cancer Research. He is also an honorary consultant surgeon at St Mary's Hospital, and the Royal Marsden Hospital. He has held many senior administrative appointments within the Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College, Research Council, Editorial Board of Scientific Journals, and medical royal colleges.<mask> was educated in Ireland, awarded an MD from Trinity College Dublin and the fellowships of essentially all the Royal Colleges of Surgeons in the British Isles (Ireland FRCSI, England FRCS, and both Scottish Colleges FRCSEd, FRCPSG). He also holds the fellowship of the American College of Surgeons and has been elected as a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, an honorary fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and more recently a foreign associate of the Institute of Medicine. From 2005 to 2008 he was president of Bath Institute of Medical Engineering (BIME). In December 2008 he received an honorary degree (Doctor of Engineering) from the University of Bath. In 2010 he was made a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, and an honorary fellow of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence. <mask>'s main clinical and academic interest is in minimally invasive surgery and allied technologies in which he and his team are internationally recognised. He leads a team of researchers covering a wide spectrum of engineering and basic sciences research topics including Medical Image Computing, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Safety, surgical education and training at post-graduate and undergraduate levels and Robotics.He has published more than 800 peer review papers and authored, co-authored or edited several books. This work has received international recognition including the Queen's Anniversary Prize for Excellence in Higher and further education 2001, Hamdan Award for Medical Research Excellence in 2004. In 2006 <mask> and his department were awarded the Rector's Research Excellence Award for their work on surgical robots. He has also delivered many named lectures around the globe. On 2 May 2013, Lord <mask> was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. <mask> is an enthusiastic advocate of Patient record access arguing that interested patients and carers, especially those accustomed to self-management of their condition, should take the lead in creating apps and other means of accessing records that are customised to the needs of patient groups. Political career
In December 2006 NHS London asked <mask> to "develop a strategy to meet Londoners' health needs over the next five to ten years" and so his report Healthcare for London: A Framework for Action was published on 11 July 2007.Largely implemented, it recommended the development of academic health science centres and the introduction of more primary services in one place: polyclinics. The plan for moving care from hospitals to GP-led polyclinics was not successful. Nick Clegg called it "the central imposition of a polyclinic on every primary care trust, regardless of the geography, demographics and clinical needs of the area". However, his call for trauma, acute stroke and heart attack services to be centralised in specialist units succeeded and has been widely copied. He was also National Advisor in Surgery to the Department of Health. <mask>'s report in this role, 'Saws and Scalpels to Lasers and Robots: Clinical case for change’ (April 2007), argued for a change to the way surgery is organised to maximise patient benefits. On 29 June 2007 <mask> was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State in the Department of Health in the House of Lords at the Department of Health by Prime Minister Gordon Brown.He was duly raised to the peerage on 12 July 2007 as Baron <mask> of Denham, of Gerrards Cross in the County of Buckinghamshire. His appointment was a small part of a political shift by government to incorporate more talents, with historical predecessors such as the Ministry of All the Talents: however, he only lasted two years in the post. <mask> was tasked with leading a national review to plan the course of the NHS over a decade, reporting to the Prime Minister, Chancellor, and Secretary of State for Health in June 2008. He cooperated with the Department of Health to undertake the "NHS Next Stage Review". <mask> was quoted in The Times as saying that "...This Review should be both led and evidence-based". The final report of the Review, High Quality Care for All, was published in June 2008 to considerable public and academic acclaim. The Financial Times stated that it was "the world's most ambitious attempt to raise the quality and effectiveness of an entire nation's healthcare".The Lancet said that:

Through High Quality Care for All, academics suggested that <mask> has updated traditional notions of professionalism and described a new accountability in clinical practice. Following publication, <mask> remained in his ministerial post. He was associated with the plan to develop Polyclinics in England. The plan for moving care from hospitals to GP-led polyclinics was quietly reversed when the costs became apparent, but his call for trauma, acute stroke and heart attack services to be centralised in specialist units was seen as successful and was widely copied. In June 2009, <mask> was appointed as a member of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. In July 2009, <mask> relinquished his post as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State. The Prime Minister praised his "outstanding contribution" while The Guardian said that:

Since 2018, <mask> has been leading the National Health Service’s Accelerated Access Collaborative.<mask> resigned as a Labour peer on 9 July 2019 to sit as an independent, citing alleged tolerance of antisemitism by the party leadership. Labour rejected the claims on antisemitism as "false and offensive", pointing to the extra resources put into addressing cases, the number dealt with and the low number relative to Labour's membership. Parliamentary voting record
According to parliamentary monitoring website, TheyWorkForYou, as of May 2021 <mask>'s voting record shows the following trends:
 consistently against measures to prevent climate change
 generally for more EU integration

Armenian issues
In October 2016 <mask> joined other prominent Armenians on calling the government of Armenia to adopt "new development strategies based on inclusiveness and collective action" and to create "an opportunity for the Armenian world to pivot toward a future of prosperity, to transform the post-Soviet Armenian Republic into a vibrant, modern, secure, peaceful and progressive homeland for a global nation." In November 2019, after the US House of Representatives recognized the Armenian genocide, <mask> wrote in The Guardian that he "remain[s] dismayed by the British government’s refusal to acknowledge the slaughter of an estimated 1.5 million Armenians in a wave of violence that followed the fall of the Ottoman empire." He added that it is "a source of intense pain and regret to me and my compatriots that our own government persists in denying the genocide out of fear of offending Turkey." Global health and innovation
After July 2009, Lord <mask> returned to his clinical and academic work and has expanded his involvement in global health issues. In June 2010 he was appointed Chairman of the Institute for Global Health Innovation at Imperial College, a body dedicated to improving healthcare around the world and reducing health inequalities in developed and developing countries.In November 2010, under David Cameron, <mask> became a United Kingdom Global Ambassador for Health and Life Sciences; a role he continued until 2012. In 2012 the Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI) hosted the inaugural Global Health Policy Summit in London, during the London 2012 Olympic Games. This event brought together global healthcare leaders, academics and industry to debate key topics on global health and included a keynote address by Prime Minister David Cameron. In September 2013, <mask> was appointed by the Mayor of London Boris Johnson to lead a review of health and wellbeing and services in London. The London Health Commission which reported in October 2014 proposed the toughest measures seen in the UK to tackle the "obesity emergency" that leaves one in three 10-year-olds overweight or obese, including Ofsted-style ratings highlighting the best and worst schools at promoting healthy eating, and requiring chain restaurants to include "traffic light" calorie warnings on menus. He called for the Mayor to rewrite the London Plan to give borough councils greater protecting in banning takeaways from within 400m of the school gates. Also in 2013, he hosted the World Innovation Summit for Health in Doha, Qatar, under the patronage of Mozah bint Nasser Al Missned and the Qatar Foundation.More than one thousand delegates attended from industry, academia and the healthcare sector and politicians, as well as royal figures including Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma, The Duke of York, Princess Lalla Salma of Morocco, HRH Princess Ghida Talal of Jordan and Princess Dina Mired of Jordan. He has also run training courses for doctors in Armenia and helped Armenian doctors come to London for clinical training. He has also performed several laparoscopic surgeries in Yerevan, and supplied hospitals in Armenia with equipment and surgical kits. Other activities
<mask>, along with Amal Clooney, was involved in the release of two Reuters journalists, Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo, from Myanmar on 7 May 2019. In 2021, <mask> commissioned a COVID-19 vaccine promotion ad for the NHS, with his friends Elton John and Michael Caine. Corporate boards
 Evelo Biosciences, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2018)
 AbbVie, Member of the Advisory Board

Non-profit organizations
 Africa Research Excellence Fund (AREF), Member of the Advisory Panel (since 2015)
 Aurora Prize, Member of the Selection Committee (since 2015)
 Duke Institute for Health Innovation (DIHI), Member of the Global Advisory Board
 Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Member
 Foundation for Armenian Science and Technology (FAST), Member of the Advisory Board
MIT Jameel Clinic, member of the advisory board
 Rangoon General Hospital Reinvigoration Charitable Trust, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Qatar Foundation, Member of the Advisory Board
 Sidra Medical and Research Center, Vice Chair of the Board of Governors

Awards and honours
In 2002, <mask> was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for his services to medicine and surgery and subsequently was created a Life Peer on 12 July 2007, as Baron Darzi of Denham, of Gerrards Cross in the County of Buckinghamshire. He was appointed to Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council in June 2009.<mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2013. In January 2014, <mask> was awarded the Qatari sash of Independence by the Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani in recognition of his contribution to the development of Qatar's health sector. <mask> was named by the Health Service Journal as the 38th most influential person in the English NHS in 2015. In the 2016 New Year Honours, he was awarded the Order of Merit, for services to medicine. References

External links

 Faculty page at Imperial College
 Lord <mask> of Denham at Parliament.uk

1960 births
Living people
Academics of Imperial College London
21st-century British medical doctors
British people of Armenian descent
Iraqi emigrants to the United Kingdom
Ethnic Armenian academics
Ethnic Armenian physicians
Iraqi people of Armenian descent
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
Alumni of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
National Health Service people
Members of the Order of Merit
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
British colorectal surgeons
Physicians of St Mary's Hospital, London
British politicians of Iraqi descent
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
NIHR Senior Investigators

masks:
Ara Warkes Darzi
Baron Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi
Darzi


title: Théodore-Edmond Plumier

texts:
Théodore-<mask> (8 March 1671 - 27 December 1733) was a religious, allegorical and portrait painter born in Liège. Along with Jean-Baptiste Coclers, Paul-Joseph Delcloche, Nicolas de Fassin, Léonard Defrance and Pierre-Michel de Lovinfosse, he was one of the most important Baroque painters active in the Principality of Liège. Life
Nothing is known of his youth except that he was an apprentice to Englebert Fisen, another painter in the city. He seems to have then moved to Paris, where he studied under the portraitist Nicolas de Largillierre. After his stay in France, he moved on to Rome, where he worked in Agostino Masucci's studio. He returned to the Principality sometime before 1708. There he gained several commissions, including the decoration of the hôtels de ville in Maastricht and Liège.He only definitively moved back to the city of Liège itself around 1719. He also worked for several noble families, particularly the Oultremont family. Eleven paintings by him survive in the château de Warfusée, including three of the lord and seven portraits of members of the Oultremont family. He was also commissioned by several churches in and around the city. His Saint Benedict Taken Up To Heaven for St James's Church, Liège is considered his masterpiece. Plumier also produced the high altarpiece for Liège's churches of Saint-Remacle (Descent from the Cross) and Sainte-Catherine (Martyrdom of St Catherine)—the latter sagged and tore in July 2018 and is being restored in situ. Plumier had two sons, who both also became painters.Jacques-Théodore (Liège, 1702–1766), painted Baptism of Clovis as the high altarpiece for the church of Saint-Rémy in Huy. Philippe-Joseph-Clément (Liège, 1718-?) is recorded in Rome between 1739 and 1743 and a beneficiary of the foundation Darchis in the studio of Agostino Masucci. <mask>ier is named after him. Examples are the four large-format paintings of episodes from Jesus' life in the basilique Saint-Martin de Liège and five paintings in the basilique Notre-Dame de Tongres (three of the latter are on the life of Maternus of Cologne). 1873), 509 p. (lire en ligne [archive]), chap. XVI (« Edmon Plumier, Nicolas La Fabrique, Olivier Pirotte »), p. 369-376
Jules Helbig, « PLUMIER (Edmond) », dans Biographie Nationale, t. XVII, Bruxelles, Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 1903 (ISSN 0770-7150, lire en ligne [archive]), p. 825-829
Le Siècle des Lumières dans la Principauté de Liège (catalogue d'exposition), Liège, Musée de l'Art wallon, 1980, 417 p., p. 182-183

External links

  Dictionnaire des peintres belges

17th-century painters from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège
18th-century painters from the Prince-Bishopric of Liège
1671 births
1733 deaths
Baroque painters

masks:
Edmond Plumier
Plumierlum


title: R. D. Pradhan

texts:
<mask><mask> (27 June 1928 – 31 July 2020) was an Indian Administrative Service officer, who served as Union Home Secretary and Governor of Arunachal Pradesh during the <mask> government. <mask> played a major role in the signing of the Assam Accord and the Mizo Accord. He held Secretary-level positions at the international and national levels in the areas of commerce, defence and home. He was in service of the government of India for 36 years. <mask> was an IAS officer of the Maharashtra cadre. He joined as a Bombay State officer. For the next five years he worked in Gujarat.Later, he was an Indian representative diplomat in international trade and commerce in Geneva for ten years. In December 2008 he was appointed to lead a two-man panel to investigate the 2008 Mumbai attacks. He died on July 31, 2020, aged 92. Union Home Secretary
<mask> Gandhi, who was then the General Secretary of the Congress (I) party, was impressed by the work done by <mask>, who as Chief Secretary of Maharashtra, had promptly handled and provided administrative services during the Bhiwandi communal riots of 1982. When <mask> became the Prime Minister in 1984, he invited <mask> to join his government. <mask> chose the post of Union Home Secretary which <mask> accepted. Pradhan worked under Home Ministers S. B. Chavan and Buta Singh, and Minister of State for Home Arun Nehru.The Punjab problem
The first major task <mask> took up as Home Secretary in February 1985, was to assess the political situation in Punjab. Politics in Punjab had become secessionist in nature and the Akali Dal party was calling for an independent country of Khalistan. Following the previous Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's ordering of Operation Blue Star to flush out the militants, and her subsequent assassination by her own Sikh bodyguards sympathetic to the Khalistan cause, the situation in Punjab had become tense. <mask> suggested re-initialisation of dialogue with the Akali Dal, and as a precursor suggested replacement of Punjab Governor K.T. Satarawalla, with a person of political background. Following this, Arjun Singh was made the new Governor of Punjab in March 1985. Pradhan also suggested involving the former Maharashtra Chief Minister Sharad Pawar in the Punjab negotiations.Being from Maharashtra himself, <mask> was aware of the political structure on his home state, and knew of Pawar's abilities, and his added advantage of being a friend of Parkash Singh Badal, one of the Akali strongmen. Pawar's appointment led the way to his rejoining the Congress (I) from which he had split. Pawar went on to become a Congress strongman in the Narasimha <mask> government. <mask> was involved in the implementing of the Punjab accord. He extended support to the Mathew Commission, set up to decide the Hindi-speaking areas of Punjab to be transferred to Haryana in lieu of Chandigarh which would be permanently transferred to Punjab as part of the accord.As per the commission's suggestion for a linguistic enumeration of the population of a village called Kandu Khera, the task demanded that the enumeration be fair and peaceful. Pradhan ordered the deployment of a contingent of Assam Rifles in the village for the safety of the enumerators, and so that political forces did not determine the outcome of the result. When both the Chief Ministers of Punjab and Haryana showed dissatisfaction with the neutrality of the enumerators, Pradhan selected 30 young IAS officers from non-Hindi speaking areas who successfully performed the enumeration. It was as per that enumeration that the commission concluded that it could not make any recommendation for a suitable contiguous Hindi-majority area of villages that can be transferred to Haryana. Following this the Venkataramiah Commission was set up with the same purpose, and <mask> represented the Central Government in the hearings of the commission. That commission too could not come up with a solution in time because of a last-minute change of plan by the Bhajan Lal government. To counter Bhajan Lal's opposition to the commission, he was replaced as Chief Minister by Bansi Lal who agreed to the commission's award.Following this the Desai Commission was set up to complete the previous commission's work in 24 hours. <mask> briefed the commission on the work done by the previous commissions, and provided it with records and figures available with the Home Ministry. However the commission could not complete its work as its term was extended at the behest of Punjab. Chandigarh is still a Union Territory shared as a joint capital by the states of Punjab and Haryana. Assam Accord

Student parties in Assam like AASU, were agitating against the influx of foreigners from Bangladesh and Nepal into the state. They were having talks with the Central Government from the time of Indira Gandhi in 1980 for a solution to the problem. The talks were formally discontinued in 1983 without a solution.<mask> formally resumed talks on the Assam problem at the insistence of Prime Minister <mask> Gandhi in April 1985. He invited the AASU representatives including Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, President AASU and Bhrigu Kumar Phukan, general secretary AASU to Delhi in May 1985. Pradhan held five meetings with AASU in the first round of talks in May starting with a twenty-five-point discussion list. Eventually the list was narrowed down to seven core issues. The policy for the detection and treatment of foreigners was discussed during these meetings. <mask> accompanied the Home Minister S.B. Chavan to Assam on 9 August 1985, and met over 95 delegations that day.The final round of talks began on 12 August, when the first written draft of the negotiations was prepared jointly by Pradhan and the joint secretary of AASU, S.S. Sharma. There was no written record of the previous talks as <mask> feared it might be leaked to the Press. The talks were held in confidentiality and even the Assam Chief Minister and the Governor were unaware of the progress made. When AASU requested taking the draft back to Assam for approval by the party members, it was instead suggested to fly a sixty-member AASU Executive body to Delhi. <mask> had kept <mask> Gandhi deliberately out of the talks with AASU until they had approved the draft. <mask> used the pressure of time to clinch the accord as it was 2:30 am on 15 August, and <mask> Gandhi had decided to announce the signing of the accord in the Independence Day speech the same morning. Following the accord the AASU formed their political wing Asom Gana Parishad which came to power in the elections held in Assam in December 1985, with P.K.Mahanta as Chief Minister. Mizoram Accord
In August 1985, <mask> Gandhi handed over responsibility of negotiations with Laldenga to <mask>. Laldenga, founder of the Mizo National Front had fought for secession of his land from the country. In 1976 he had signed an accord with the Indian government, but this was not implemented because of the successive change of governments. Negotiations were ongoing from the time of the 1980 Indira Gandhi government. <mask> started direct talks with Laldenga in September 1985. As in the case of Assam, Pradhan kept <mask> Gandhi out of the negotiations.The talks started off roughly because <mask> Gandhi had opposed some points of the agreement negotiated by <mask>'s predecessor with Laldenga. The talks progressed slowly, but in June 1986, <mask> made an offer for a quick resolution as he was retiring from government service that month. On 30 June, the day of his retirement, <mask> again suggested that Laldenga be flexible to reach a settlement. Laldenga accepted this and in an hour's time all pending issues were cleared, and the draft of the agreement was prepared. Although they had planned to get the accord signed by <mask>'s successor, <mask> Gandhi wanted it to be signed by <mask> himself in the few hours left before his retirement. They consulted a legal expert and got his retirement postponed to midnight. The accord was then jointly signed by him, Laldenga and Lalkhama, the Chief Secretary of Mizoram.Governorship of Arunachal Pradesh
R.D<mask> was appointed the second Governor of Arunachal Pradesh in March 1987, after Arunachal was granted statehood in November 1986. The state was having border problems with China at the time, and <mask>'s achievements in reaching the accords of northeast states of Assam and Mizoram and his previous experience in the Defence Ministry were the factors Prime Minister <mask> Gandhi considered before offering him the position. When V.P. Singh came to power in January 1990, he demanded the resignation of Governors of all states. <mask> was the first governor to hand over the resignation. Rajya Sabha and Legislative Council
R.D.<mask> won a seat in the Maharashtra Legislative Council in June 1990 on the Congress ticket. Positions held
The positions listed are not in chronological order. Governor, Arunachal Pradesh : March 1987 – March 1990
 Home Secretary, India : January 1985 – June 1986
 Home Secretary, Maharashtra : 1977
 Chief Secretary, Maharashtra
 Private Secretary to Y.B. Chavan, Chief Minister Maharashtra, Defence Minister India : (1960–1965)
 India's Resident Representative in Geneva to UNCTAD and GATT : 12 years
 International civil servant : 5 years
 Assistant Collector and Sub-Divisional Magistrate, Mount Abu
 Chairman of the High-level Enquiry Commission for 26/11. Awards
R.D<mask> was awarded the Padma Bhushan on Republic Day, 1987. References

Further reading
 "Working with <mask> Gandhi" by <mask>.<mask>

1928 births
People from Maharashtra
Marathi politicians
Politics of Assam
Politics of Mizoram
Governors of Arunachal Pradesh
Governors of Bihar
Members of the Maharashtra Legislative Council
Indian Administrative Service officers
Indian Home Secretaries
Indian civil servants
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service
2020 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra

masks:
Ram D
. Pradhan
Rajiv Gandhi
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rao
Pradhanhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Rajiv
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
. Pradhan
Pradhan
Rajiv
Pradhan
Pradhan
. Pradhan
Rajiv
R D
Pradhan


title: Wang Kehan

texts:
<mask> (born 15 November 1995) is a Chinese Sanshou kickboxer, who has spent the majority of her career fighting under the banner of Kunlun Fight in her native China. Between July 2018 and April 2019 she was ranked #6 woman in the world and #5 between June 2019 and March 2020 by Combat Press. Combat Press has continually ranked her in the top ten since ranking her #4 in November 2016, before dropping her from the rankings in April 2020 due to inactivity. She is the former IPCC Muay Thai World Champion, WCK Muay Thai and Wu Lin Feng Muay Thai Champion. <mask>'s martials arts career began in 2005, when she began training Wushu Sanda. In 2010 she began training with the national team, but suffered an injury in 2012, which sidelined her for the remainder of the year. After a successful recovery, she decided to transition to kickboxing.Kickboxing career
In 2013, <mask> fought against Ekaterina Vandaryeva during C3: King of Fighters. She won the fight in the third round by TKO. After dropping an extra round decision to Jemyma Betrian, she scored a decision win over Marloes Merza and a TKO win over Taina. She would then enter the WCK Super Bantamweight tournament. Kehan TKO'd Lindsay Ball in the semi finals, and won a unanimous decision over Ciara Irvine to win her first major title. In her next fight she faced Masha Valent during Kunlun Fight 10. She won by a tornado kick to clinch the IPCC Muay Thai title.In the following fight Kehan fought Emily Wahby for the WLF 60 kg World Title. She won a unanimous decision, to win her third title in a row. Over the next two years, Kehan won her next 7 fights in a row, with notable wins over Irina Mazepa and Vicky Church. She then entered the Mulan 51.5 kg Tournament. In the quarter finals she beat Juliana Werner by a 2nd-round TKO. In the semi finals she beat Anke Van Gestel by a unanimous decision after an extra round. In the finals she fought Anissa Haddaoui, and lost a unanimous decision, after an extra round.After losing in the finals of the tournament, Kehan went on a four fight winning streak, with notable wins over Laëtitia Madjene and Mallaury Kalachnikoff. Round) || 4 || 3:00|| 29-2
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 14 May 2017|| Win||align=left| Anke Van Gestel || Kunlun Fight 61 || Sanya, Hainan, China || Decision (Ext. Round) || 4 || 3:00 || 29-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 23 Apr 2017|| Win||align=left| Juliana Werner || Kunlun Fight 60 || Guizhou, China || TKO || 2 || ? || 28-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 30 Oct 2016|| Win||align=left| Korina Papachrysanthou || Kunlun Fight 54 || Wuhan, China || TKO (Punches) || 1 || ?|| 27-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 10 Sep 2016|| Win||align=left| Nathalie Visschers  || Kunlun Fight 51 || Fuzhou, China || TKO (Punches) || 3 || ? || 26-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 5 Jun 2016|| Win||align=left| Shana Lammers || Kunlun Fight 45 || Chengdu, China || TKO (Punches) || 2 || ? || 25-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 26 Apr 2016|| Win||align=left| Rachel Adamus || Kunlun Fight 43 || Zhoukou, China || TKO (Punches) || 3 || ? || 24-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 23 Jan 2016|| Win||align=left| Marisa Pires || Kunlun Fight 37 || Sanya, China || TKO (Punches) || 2 || ? || 23-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 30 Nov 2015|| Win||align=left| Vicky Church || WCK Muay Thai: USA vs China || Las Vegas, Nevada, United States || TKO (Punches) || 2 || ? || 22-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 28 Oct 2015|| Win||align=left| Michaela Michl || Kunlun Fight 32 || Dazhou, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 21-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 3 Jan 2015|| Win||align=left| Irina Mazepa || Kunlun Fight 15 || Nanjing, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 20-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 4 Dec 2014|| Win||align=left| Emily Wahby || Kunlun Fight 14 || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 19-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 13 Sep 2014|| Win||align=left| Masha Valent || Kunlun Fight 10 || Minsk, Belarus || KO (Tornado Kick) || 3 || ?|| 18-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 7 Jun 2014|| Win||align=left| Ciara Irvine || WCK Muay Thai || Temecula, California, United States || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || ? || 17-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 7 Jun 2014|| Win||align=left| Lindsay Ball || WCK Muay Thai || Temecula, California, United States || TKO || 2 || 2:55 || 16-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 27 Apr 2014|| Win||align=left| Taina || Kunlun Fight 4 || Manila, Philippines || TKO (Punches) || 3 || ? || 15-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 30 Mar 2014|| Win||align=left| Marloes Merza || Kunlun Fight 3 || Harbin, China || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 14-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 18 Jan 2014|| Loss||align=left| Jemyma Betrian || Wu Lin Feng || Hubei, China || Decision (Etr. Round) || 4 || 3:00 || 13-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 3 May 2013|| Win||align=left| Ekaterina Vandaryeva || C3: King of Fighters || Xichang, China || TKO (Punches) || 3 || ?|| 13-0
|-
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
 List of female kickboxers

References

1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Heilongjiang
People from Mudanjiang
Chinese female kickboxers
Chinese sanshou practitioners

masks:
Wang Kehan
Background Kehan
Wang Kehan


title: Jerome Ringo

texts:
<mask><mask> (born March 2, 1955) is an environmental justice, clean energy, and quality jobs advocate who founded and chairs renewable energy developer Zoetic Energy. <mask> previously chaired the National Wildlife Federation (NWF), becoming the first African American to hold the position for any major conservation organization, and was an associate research scholar and McCluskey Fellow for Conservation at Yale University. He was also president of the Apollo Alliance, a coalition of organized labor, environmentalist, business, and civil rights leaders dedicated to freeing the United States of dependence on foreign oil. Early life

<mask> was the third of six children born to <mask>, a retired postal worker, and <mask>, a nurse. <mask> grew up in Bayous of Southern Louisiana during the height of the American civil rights movement, during which time Earl worked to racially integrate public schools in Louisiana. His father would often play recordings of speeches by the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. When he was thirteen, he and his brothers prepared to become the first black students to enroll in previously segregated schools in Lake Charles, Louisiana.In the middle of the night, their father awakened the boys, telling them to crawl up to the front window. When the boys looked out, they witnessed a posse of Ku Klux Klansmen, who were burning a cross in their front yard. He was the only African-American working as a ranger at the world's largest Scout camp, in Cimarron, New Mexico. <mask> attended college, planning to major in education at both Louisiana Tech University and McNeese State University. Before earning a degree, however, he decided to take a job in the petrochemical industry in 1975, lured by a high salary. Career

After college, <mask> worked in the petrochemical industry for 22 years, over half of that time as a union leader. Many of his relatives lived just beyond the fence from these industries, so he saw the impacts of pollution from refineries first hand.He noted that employees at the refinery wore masks and protective clothing, but that the neighbors across the fence, who were predominantly poor and black, received no such protection, and suffered disproportionately high levels of cancers and respiratory diseases. Eventually, <mask> decided to help educate the people in communities affected by petrochemical pollution, teaching them how to effectively stop the discharge of chemicals into neighborhoods around refineries, leading to the beginning of his environmental activism. <mask> began his environmental activism in 1991, by becoming member of the Calcasieu League for Environmental Action Now (CLEAN), an affiliate of the Louisiana Wildlife Federation. Among the 20,000 members of the statewide group, he was the first African American ever to join. Rather than trying to shut refineries and chemical plants down, he advocated the lobbying of state legislators on environmental laws, and encouraged citizens to show up at public hearings, where, as a community, they could express their fears and concerns and speak truth to power. <mask> was transferred to Malaysia, and during one of his return trips to the United States in 1994, he was offered early retirement. After accepting the offer, he committed his life to full-time work on behalf of people beyond the refinery fences lines.In 1998, he was the sole African-American delegate at the Global Warming Treaty negotiations in Kyoto, Japan, where he delivered an address. He also has spoken at the Central American conference on sustainable development in Belize City, Belize. He has addressed many historically-Black colleges and other universities, including the University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment and at the University of Oregon's Public Interest Environmental Law Conference. Apollo Alliance
As president of the Apollo Alliance, <mask> is working to educate the public and lobby in Washington, D.C. about the need to invest in alternative clean-energy sources, energy-efficient technology and jobs by building diverse coalitions. The Apollo Alliance seeks to reinvest in the competitiveness of American industry, rebuild cities, create good jobs, and ensure good stewardship of the economy and natural environment. "We are an organization that looks like the face of America," <mask> has said. The name of the alliance was chosen to pay homage to John F. Kennedy's Apollo program, which successfully put a man on the moon in 1969.The Apollo Alliance has been endorsed by leaders of the AFL-CIO, the Sierra Club, Greenpeace USA, the National Wildlife Federation, the Union of Concerned Scientists, the NAACP and other activist groups. National Wildlife Federation
In 1996, <mask> was elected to serve on the board of directors of the National Wildlife Federation, a seventy-year-old conservation organization which comprising 4.5 million members and over 700 employees. Since becoming chairman of the board the in 2005, <mask> has sought to further the NWF's partnerships with other organizations, particularly those involved with combating ecologocial dangers in poor and minority neighborhoods. He spearheads programs that reach into urban and minority communities, including schoolyard habitat programs such as Earth Tomorrow, which focuses on minority kids in elementary, middle, and high schools. "The single greatest issue for me as an environmentalist is climate change," <mask> told Mother Jones in 2005. Ringo envisions a new movement in environmentalism, where everyone becomes involved in planning for the future together. He believes that real success, in energy security, public health, environmental protection and social justice, will come when environmentalists are united and empowered to meet as equals with corporate interests.Zoetic Energy
Mr<mask> founded Zoetic Energy to address issues such as energy security in the developing world. Zoetic secured a Power Purchase Agreement with Ghana in January 2016. He has promoted hydrokinetic technology to ministers and leaders of countries throughout Africa, Asia and Latin America. References

External links

 HuffingtonPost.com - <mask> blog, Huffington Post
 MotherJones.com - 'The Pioneer:  The new head of the National Wildlife Federation has always been a pathbreaker.' Interview by Erik Kancler, Mother Jones (April 25, 2005)
 UMich.edu - '<mask>, Chair of the Board, National Wildlife Federation'

1955 births
American activists
Living people
People from Louisiana
Louisiana Tech University alumni

masks:
Jerome C
. Ringo
Ringo
Jerome Ringo
Earl Ringo
Nellie Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
Ringo
. Ringo
Jerome Ringo
Jerome Ringo


title: William Lyon Mackenzie King

texts:
<mask>  (December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian statesman and politician who served as the 10th prime minister of Canada for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A Liberal, he was the dominant politician in Canada from the early 1920s to the late 1940s. <mask> is best known for his leadership of Canada throughout the Great Depression and the Second World War. Trained in law and social work, he played a major role in laying the foundations of the Canadian welfare state and established Canada's international reputation as a middle power fully committed to world order. With a total of 21 years and 154 days in office, he remains the longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history. Born in Berlin, Ontario (now Kitchener), <mask> obtained a Bachelor of Arts, two Master of Arts, and a Bachelor of Laws in the 1890s. He also earned a PhD in 1909 – the only Canadian prime minister to have done so.In 1900, he became deputy minister of the Canadian government's new Department of Labour. He entered the House of Commons in 1908 before becoming the federal minister of labour, serving under Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. Losing his seat in the 1911 federal election, <mask> worked for the Rockefeller Foundation before briefly working as an industrial consultant. Following the death of Laurier in 1919, <mask> acceded to the leadership of the Liberal Party and won a by-election to enter parliament shortly after. Taking the helm of a party bitterly torn apart during the First World War due to the Conscription Crisis of 1917, he unified both the pro-conscription and anti-conscription factions of the party, leading it to victory in the 1921 federal election. <mask> established a post-World War I agenda that lowered wartime taxes, moderately reduced tariffs, and evolved the national capital, Ottawa. In the 1925 election, the Conservatives won a plurality of seats, but the Liberals negotiated a balance of power agreement with the agrarian Progressive Party.In 1926, facing a House of Commons vote that could force his minority government to resign, King unsuccessfully requested to dissolve parliament and call an election. This event triggered a major constitutional crisis. The Conservatives were invited by the governor general to form government, but lost a motion of no confidence, triggering an election in which the Liberals decisively won. After this, <mask> sought to make Canada's foreign policy more independent by expanding the Department of External Affairs while recruiting more Canadian diplomats. His government also introduced old-age pensions based on need and removed taxes on cables, telegrams, and railway and steamship tickets. <mask>'s slow reaction to the Great Depression led to a defeat at the polls in 1930 at the hands of the Conservatives. The Conservative government's response to the depression was heavily unpopular, and thus, <mask> returned to power in a landslide victory in the 1935 election.Soon after, the economy was on an upswing. <mask> negotiated the 1935 Reciprocal Trade Agreement with the United States, passed the 1938 National Housing Act to improve housing affordability, introduced unemployment insurance in 1940, and in 1944, introduced family allowances – Canada's first universal welfare program. The government also established Trans-Canada Air Lines (the precursor to Air Canada) and the National Film Board of Canada. Only days after the Second World War broke out, Canadian troops were deployed. The Liberals' overwhelming triumph in the 1940 election allowed King to continue leading Canada through the war. He mobilized Canadian money, supplies, and volunteers to support Britain while boosting the economy and maintaining morale on the home front. In order to satisfy French Canadians, King delayed introducing overseas conscription until late 1944.Even when the policy was introduced, he prevented an uprising in Quebec and a repeat of the 1917 national unity crisis with the assistance of his cabinet ministers Ernest Lapointe and Louis St. Laurent. The Allies' victory in 1945 allowed <mask> to call a post-war election, in which the Liberals lost their majority government. In his final years in office, <mask> and his government partnered Canada with other Western nations to take part in the deepening Cold War, introduced Canadian citizenship, and successfully negotiated Newfoundland's entry into Confederation. A modernizing technocrat, he wanted his Liberal Party to represent liberal corporatism to create social harmony. After leading his party for 29 years, and leading the country for 21 and a half years, <mask> retired from politics in late 1948. He died of pneumonia in mid-1950. <mask>'s personality was complex; biographers agree on the personal characteristics that made him distinctive.He lacked the charisma of such contemporaries as Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, or Charles de Gaulle. Cold and tactless in human relations, he lacked oratorical skill and his personality did not resonate with the electorate. He had many political allies but very few close personal friends. He kept secret his beliefs in spiritualism and use of mediums to stay in contact with departed associates and particularly with his mother, and allowed his intense spirituality to distort his understanding of Adolf Hitler throughout the late 1930s. Historian Jack Granatstein notes, "the scholars expressed little admiration for King the man but offered unbounded admiration for his political skills and attention to Canadian unity." King is ranked among the top three of Canadian prime ministers. Early life, family, and religion
<mask> was born in Berlin, Ontario (now known as Kitchener), to <mask> and Isabel Grace <mask>.His maternal grandfather was <mask> <mask>, first mayor of Toronto and leader of the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1837. His father was a lawyer and later a lecturer at Osgoode Hall Law School. <mask> had three siblings. He attended Berlin Central School (now Suddaby Public School) and Berlin High School (now Kitchener–Waterloo Collegiate and Vocational School). Tutors were hired to teach him more politics, science, math, English, and French. His father was a lawyer with a struggling practice in a small city, and never enjoyed financial security. His parents lived a life of shabby gentility, employing servants and tutors they could scarcely afford, although their financial situation improved somewhat following a move to Toronto around 1890, where <mask> lived with them for several years in a duplex located on Beverley Street while studying at the University of Toronto.<mask> became a lifelong practising Presbyterian with a dedication to social reform based on his Christian duty. He never favoured socialism. University

<mask> obtained a BA degree in 1895, an MA in 1897, and an LLB degree in 1896, all from the University of Toronto While studying in Toronto he met a wide circle of friends, many of whom became prominent. He was an early member and officer of the Kappa Alpha Society, which included a number of these individuals (two future Ontario Supreme Court Justices and the future Chairman of the University itself). It encouraged debate on political ideas. He also met Arthur Meighen, a future political rival; the two men did not get on especially well from the start. <mask> was especially concerned with issues of social welfare and was influenced by the settlement house movement pioneered by Toynbee Hall in London, England.He played a central role in fomenting a students' strike at the university in 1895. He was in close touch, behind the scenes, with Vice-Chancellor <mask>, for whom the strike provided a chance to embarrass his rivals Chancellor Edward Blake and President James Loudon. <mask> failed to gain his immediate objective, a teaching position at the University but earned political credit with Mulock, the man who would invite him to Ottawa and make him a deputy minister only five years later. While studying at the University of Toronto, <mask> also contributed to the campus newspaper, The Varsity. After studying at the University of Chicago and working with Jane Addams at her settlement house, Hull House, <mask> proceeded to Harvard University. He earned an MA in political economy from Harvard in 1898. In 1909, Harvard granted him a PhD degree for a dissertation titled "Publicity and Public Opinion as Factors in the Solution of Industrial Problems in Canada."He is the only Canadian Prime Minister to have earned a PhD. Civil servant, minister of labour

In 1900, <mask> became editor of the federal government-owned Labour Gazette, a publication that explored complex labour issues. Later that year, he was appointed as deputy minister of the Canadian government's new Department of Labour, and became active in policy domains from Japanese immigration to railways, notably the Industrial Disputes Investigations Act (1907) which sought to avert labour strikes by prior conciliation. In 1901, <mask>'s roommate and best friend, Henry Albert Harper, died heroically during a skating party when a young woman fell through the ice of the partly frozen Ottawa River. Harper dove into the water to try to save her, and perished in the attempt. <mask> led the effort to raise a memorial to Harper, which resulted in the erection of the Sir Galahad statue on Parliament Hill in 1905. In 1906, <mask> published a memoir of Harper, entitled The Secret of Heroism.<mask> was first elected to Parliament as a Liberal in the 1908 federal election, representing Waterloo North. In 1909, <mask> was appointed as the first-ever minister of labour by Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier. <mask>'s term as minister of labour was marked by two significant achievements. He led the passage of the Industrial Disputes Investigation Act and the Combines Investigation Act, which he had shaped during his civil and parliamentary service. The legislation significantly improved the financial situation for millions of Canadian workers. He lost his seat in the 1911 general election, which saw the Conservatives defeat the Liberals and form government. Industrial consultant
After his defeat, <mask> went on the lecture circuit on behalf of the Liberal Party.In June 1914 John D. Rockefeller Jr. hired him at the Rockefeller Foundation in New York City, to head its new Department of Industrial Research. It paid $12,000 per year, compared to the meagre $2,500 per year the Liberal Party was paying. He worked for the Foundation until 1918, forming a close working association and friendship with Rockefeller, advising him through the turbulent period of the 1913-1914 Strike and Ludlow Massacre–in what is known as the Colorado Coalfield War–at a family-owned coal company in Colorado, which subsequently set the stage for a new era in labour management in America. <mask> became one of the earliest expert practitioners in the emerging field of industrial relations. <mask> was not a pacifist, but he showed little enthusiasm for the Great War; he faced criticism for not serving in Canada's military and instead working for the Rockefellers. But he was nearly 40 years old when the war began, and was not in good physical condition. He never gave up his Ottawa home, and travelled to the United States on an as-needed basis, performing service to the war effort by helping to keep war-related industries running smoothly.In 1918, <mask>, assisted by his friend F. A. McGregor, published Industry and Humanity: A Study in the Principles Underlying Industrial Reconstruction, a dense, abstract book he wrote in response to the Ludlow massacre. It went over the heads of most readers, but revealed the practical idealism behind <mask>'s political thinking. He argued that capital and labour were natural allies, not foes, and that the community at large (represented by the government) should be the third and decisive party in industrial disputes. He expressed derision for syndicates and trades unions, chastising them for aiming at the "destruction by force of existing organization, and the transfer of industrial capital from the present possessors" to themselves. Quitting the Rockefeller Foundation in February 1918, <mask> became an independent consultant on labour issues for the next two years, earning $1,000 per week from leading American corporations. Even so, he kept his official residence in Ottawa, hoping for a call to duty. Wartime politics
In 1917, Canada was in crisis; <mask> supported Liberal leader Wilfrid Laurier in his opposition to conscription, which was violently opposed in the province of Quebec.The Liberal party became deeply split, with most Anglophones joining the pro-conscription Union government, a coalition controlled by the Conservatives under Prime Minister Robert Borden. <mask> returned to Canada to run in the 1917 election, which focused almost entirely on the conscription issue. Unable to overcome a landslide against Laurier, <mask> lost in the constituency of York North, which his grandfather had once represented. Liberal and Opposition leader (1919–1921)

<mask> was Laurier's chosen successor as leader of the Liberal Party, but it was deeply divided by Quebec's total opposition to conscription and the agrarian revolt in Ontario and the Prairies. Levin argues that when <mask> returned to politics in 1919, he was a rusty outsider with a weak base facing a nation bitterly split by language, regionalism and class. He outmaneuvered more senior competitors by embracing Laurier's legacy, championing labour interests, calling for welfare reform, and offering solid opposition to the Conservative enemy. When Laurier died in 1919, <mask> was elected leader in the first Liberal leadership convention, defeating his four rivals on the fourth ballot.He won thanks to the support of the Quebec bloc, organized by his long-time lieutenant in Quebec, Ernest Lapointe (1876–1941). King could not speak French and had minimal interest in Quebec, but in election after election for the next 20 years (save for 1930), Lapointe produced the critical seats to give the Liberals control of the Commons. He was almost co-prime minister with King until his death in 1941. Idealizes the Prairies
Once he became the Liberal leader in 1919 he paid closer attention to the Prairies, a fast-developing region. With a highly romanticized view he envisioned the pioneers as morally sound, hardworking individuals who lived close to nature and to God. The reform ferment in the region meshed with his self-image as a social reformer and fighter for the "people" against the "interests". Viewing a glorious sunrise in Alberta in 1920, he wrote in his diary, "I thought of the New Day, the New Social Order.It seems like Heaven's prophecy of the dawn of a new era, revealed to me." Pragmatism played a role as well, since his party depended for its survival on the votes of Progressive Party Members of Parliament who represented farmers in Ontario and the Prairies. He convinced many Progressives to return to the Liberal fold. Prime Minister (1921–1926, 1926–1930)

In the 1921 election, his party defeated Arthur Meighen and the Conservatives, and he became Prime Minister. <mask>'s Liberals originally had a one-seat majority since they had won 118 out of 235 seats. The Conservatives won 49, the newly formed Progressive Party won 58 (but declined to form the official Opposition), and the remaining ten seats went to Labour MPs and Independents; most of these ten supported the Progressives. As Prime Minister of Canada, <mask> was appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom on 20 June 1922 and was sworn at Buckingham Palace on October 11, 1923, during the 1923 Imperial Conference.Balancing act
During his first term of office, from 1921 to 1926, King pursued a conservative domestic policy with the objective of lowering wartime taxes and, especially, wartime ethnic and labour tensions. "The War is over", he argued, "and for a long time to come it is going to take all

masks:
William Lyon Mackenzie King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
John King
Mackenzie
William Lyon
Mackenzie
King
King
King
King
King
William Mulock
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King