title: Ilvo Diamanti

texts:
<mask> (born Cuneo, September 4, 1952) is an Italian political scientist. Biography
<mask>ti graduated from the University of Padua with a degree in Political Science, and completed his Doctorate in Sociology and Social Research at the University of Trento. He was an assistant professor in methodology of social research in the Faculty of Statistics at the University of Padua and associate professor of Political Sociology at the University of Urbino "Carlo Bo". University of Urbino
He founded and directs the Laboratory of Political and Social Studies in the Faculty of Sociology at the University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" (LaPolis - www.uniurb.it/lapolis), which conducts education and research with a national and international scope. From 2001 to 2003, Diamanti was the coordinator of the Doctorate in Sociology of Cultural Phenomena and Normative Processes. Past accomplishments
Since 1995, Diamanti has taught the course Comparative Political Systems (Régimes Politiques Comparées) within the Master in Political Studies (Études Politiques) at Panthéon-Assas University. From 1999 to 2003, Diamanti was the scientific director of the Fondazione Nord Est in Venice.Diamanti is the scientific director of Demos & Pi (www.demos.it), an institute that conducts ongoing research on Italian society. Projects include the annual report "Gli Italiani e lo stato" (Italians and the State) and the quarterly reports of the "L'Osservatorio sul capitale sociale degli italiani" (Observatory on Italians' Social Capital). Current
Diamanti is currently a full professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Sociology at the University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", where he is also Vice Chancellor for International Relations and Local Development. Diamanti is the president of the Master program for Specialists in Local Development and Urban Policy. He directs an advanced course in Surveys, Media and Democracy focusing on the analysis of public opinion concerning politics and political institutions. Diamanti teaches Political Science and Political Sociology for the first level bachelor's degree of Sociology, and teaches Sociology of Political Identities  for the second level bachelor's degree in Multicultural Sociology. Diamanti is a member of the scientific and editorial committees of the reviews: Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica, Political and Economic Trends, liMes, Sviluppo locale, Economia e Società Regionale, and Critique Internationale.Collaboration
Diamanti has collaborated with important national newspapers. He currently edits the "L'Osservatorio sul Nordest" (Observatory on the Northeast) at the Venetian newspaper Il Gazzetino; from 1995 to 2001 he was an editorialist for the daily Il Sole 24 Ore. Since 2001, he has produced "Mappe" (Maps) of Italian politics and society for the daily paper La Repubblica. He is part of the scientific committee of the Società Italiana di Studi Elettorali (Italian Society of Electoral Studies), and participates in research conducted by Itanes (Italian National Elections Studies). Research focus
The social changes of Italy through the generations: youth cultures; the change in values between the generation born after World War II who came of age in the 1960s and 1970s, and their children; the very young, the "invisible" generation which has grown up not knowing walls and ideologies, who are flexible but lack certainty, and who are masters of the new communication technologies. The transformations in the relationship between society and politics, the crisis of the political parties of the First Republic, and the emergence of new political formations: the autonomist leagues, Forza Italia and "personal parties". The evolution of the connection between the local territory and politics: the eclipse and the revival of national identity, the success of different forms of regionalism and localism, and the illusion of politics without territory.Currently, Diamanti's research on the European level is focusing on comparative analyses of how the topics of citizenship, identity and participation are changing in these times of integration and expansion. Selected publications
 [1986], with P.Allum, '50/'80, vent'anni. Due generazioni di giovani a confronto ('50/'80, Twenty Years. Comparing Two Generations of Youths), Rome, Edizioni lavoro. [1991], with A.Parisi, Elezioni a Trieste. Identità territoriale e comportamento di voto (Elections in Trieste. Local Identity and Voting Behavior), Bologna, Il Mulino.[1992], with G.Riccamboni, La parabola del voto bianco (The Rise and Fall of the "White Vote"), Vicenza, Neri Pozza. [1993], La Lega. Geografia, storia e sociologia di un nuovo soggetto politico (The League. Geography, History and Sociology of a New Political Subject), 1995 updated edition, Rome, Donzelli. [1996], Il male del Nord. Lega, localismo, secessione (The Illness of the North. The League, Localism, Secession), Rome, Donzelli.[1997], with M.Lazar (editor), Politique all'italienne (Politics Italian Style), Paris, PUF. [1999], (editor), La generazione invisibile (The Invisible Generation), Milan, Edizioni Il Sole 24 Ore.
 [2003], Bianco, rosso, verde… e azzurro. Mappe e colori dell'Italia politica (White, Red, Green... and Blue. Maps and Colors of Italian Politics), Bologna, Il Mulino. [2007], (editor), Società e partiti in Europa dopo la caduta del muro (Society and Politics in Europe after the Fall of the Wall), monographic issue of “Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia”, n. 3. Selected recent essays
 (with E.Lello) The Casa delle Libertà: A House of Cards?, in "Modern Italy", 1/2005, pp. 9–35.(with L.Ceccarini) Catholics and Politics after the Christian Democrats: the Influential Minority, Journal of Italian Modern Studies, 1/2007, pp. 8-36. "The Italian Centre-Right and Centre-Left: Between Parties and ‘the Party’", in West European Politics, 4/2007, pp. 733 - 762. External links

 Laboratory of Political and Social Studies
 Demos & Pi

Italian political scientists
Living people
1952 births

masks:
Ilvo Diamanti
Ilvo Diaman


title: George Hackenschmidt

type: original

texts:
Georg Karl Julius Hackenschmidt ( – 19 February 1968) was an early 20th-century Estonian strongman, professional wrestler, author, and sports philosopher who is recognized as professional wrestling's first world heavyweight champion. Hackenschmidt launched his professional career in Reval in the Governorate of Estonia, at the time when contests were largely legitimate, and lived most of his life in London, England, where he gained the nickname of "The Russian Lion". He is believed to be the creator of the professional wrestling version of the bear hug as well as the person who popularised the hack squat, a deadlift with arms behind the body. He was known for his impressive strength, fitness and flexibility and, later in life, wrote many books on physical culture, training and philosophy. Early life

Georg Hackenschmidt was born in Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, on 1 August 1877, where he lived with his parents, Baltic German Georg Friedrich Heinrich Hackenschmidt, and Ida Louise Johansson, who was of Estonian and Estonian Swede descent, and a younger brother, Bruno, and sister Alice. He later said that neither of his parents was particularly robust in stature or had any unusual physical characteristics, though his maternal grandfather was said to have been a huge and powerful man. From his earliest years, Hackenschmidt devoted himself to physical development, particularly at the Secondary Science School (Realschule of Dorpat, as Tartu was then known), where he took advantage of the gymnasium.He excelled in cycling, gymnastics, swimming, running, jumping and weightlifting. His feats of strength astounded his teachers, as he could lift a small horse off the ground and lift 276 pounds overhead one handed. In a wrestler's bridge, he could pull a 335-pound barbell from the floor to his chest and press it overhead, bridging on his neck. In 1902, he jumped 100 times over a table with his feet tied together. He set several records in weight lifting and was considered both the strongest and the best-developed man in the world. Graduating from school in 1895, he entered the Lausmann factory, a large engineering firm in the city of Tallinn (then known as Reval), as a blacksmith's apprentice. He joined the city's Athletic and Cycling Club, becoming an ardent cyclist and winning prizes, but also developed a keen interest in wrestling and weight lifting.The turning point in his life came in 1896 when Georg Lurich, Hackenschmidt's compatriot Greco-Roman wrestler and strongman, toured through the area with a small company, challenging any and all comers. Hackenschmidt took up the challenge and was beaten. German wrestler Fritz Konietzko came to Tallinn in 1897, and Hackenschmidt fared better. Professional wrestling career

Hackenschmidt left Tallinn in 1898 for the St. Petersburg Athletic and Cycling Club under the training of Dr. Vladislav von Krajewski, who convinced young Hackenschmidt that he had the potential to become the strongest man in the world. Beginning his professional wrestling career, he defeated the famous French wrestler Paul Pons in April 1898; but in January 1899 he had army duty, being commanded to join the Preobrashensky regiment, the first life guards of the Russian Emperor. Released after five months, Hackenschmidt defeated Mr. von Schmelling for the Russian championship of 1899 on 19 May that year. In June 1900, Hackenschmidt entered a forty-day wrestling tournament in Moscow and captured the championships of both Moscow and St. Petersburg.His career as a professional wrestler was on the rise, as he won many tournaments and matches, and in 1901 he won the championship of the world tournament in Vienna as well as a championship of the world tournament at the Casino de Paris. He won tournaments everywhere he wrestled, and toured England in 1903 managed by the flamboyant C. B. Cochran to confront the country's best wrestlers in the new catch-as-catch-can style which was becoming popular. They created a music hall boom in professional wrestling, and Hackenschmidt became a major superstar and drawing card. He wrestled in opera halls, music halls and theaters. As the wrestling boom took hold in England and wrestlers came in from all around the world for the grand tournaments that had become the rage, he remained the dominant grappler, rather easily defeating every man he met. Cochran polished his act until Hackenschmidt was a major showstopper. He might take on five wrestlers in the same evening, defeating them all with ease.Handsome as well as beautifully built, <mask> was adored by women and admired by men, and became the darling of society. Personally a soft-spoken, cultured and intellectual young man, he could speak seven languages fluently and became a noted author, speaker and philosopher. Hackenschmidt moved well in social circles and was a credit to the sport. United States President Theodore Roosevelt, himself a proponent of physical culture and exercise, proclaimed, "If I wasn't president of the United States, I would like to be <mask>chmidt". Hackenschmidt continued touring England and defeated the local favorites Tom Cannon, Tom Connors, Tom MacInerney and Tom Clayton- However, when he defeated the Italian Antonio Pieri twice, Pieri sought revenge by trying to find a wrestler who could beat him. He thought he had found such a man in Ahmed Madrali, called the "Terrible Turk", who tangled with Hackenschmidt at the Olympia in London on 30 January 1904. Because of all the ballyhoo, traffic was jammed from the Olympia back to Piccadilly, and the Olympia was packed.<mask> picked up Madrali and threw him down onto his arm, dislocating his shoulder. The contest had lasted about two minutes. Madrali recovered, and the two would face each other again, with Hackenschmidt winning just as easily. On 2 July at the Royal Albert Hall, Hackenschmidt faced the American heavyweight champion Tom Jenkins, a vastly underrated wrestler who would prove to be Hackenschmidt's toughest opponent to date, under Greco-Roman rules. Nevertheless, he pinned Jenkins in two straight falls. Hackenschmidt left Cochran's management to tour Australia where he defeated, amongst others, the Australian Cornish wrestling champion Deli Nelson in 1905. He then sailed to the United States for an extended tour and a rematch with Jenkins at the Madison Square Garden under catch-as-catch-can rules, which Hackenschmidt by now preferred.Jenkins put up a hard battle, but <mask> again won in two straight falls, the first in 31 minutes, 14 seconds, and the second in 22 minutes, 4 seconds, and could now claim to be the rightful free-style heavyweight champion of the world. He then wrestled in Canada, did some sightseeing and returned to England for a long list of music hall engagements. Hackenschmidt defeated the Scottish champion Alexander Munro and Madrali in a return bout at the Olympia, and on 6 February 1908, defeated the American wrestler Joe Rogers in straight falls inside of 14 minutes. He then sailed to the United States to fulfill his obligation to meet a new challenger from Iowa by the name of Frank Gotch. Rivalry with Frank Gotch

Wrestling historian Mike Chapman wrote, "In all of athletic history, there are a mere handful of rivalries between individual stars that have become almost as large as the sport itself. In boxing, such matchups as Sullivan–Corbett, Dempsey–Tunney, Louis–Conn and Ali–Frazier are a part of boxing folklore. In wrestling, there is only one: Gotch–Hackenschmidt".After defeating Jenkins in 1905, <mask> held the world title and remained undefeated until he and Frank Gotch finally squared off on 3 April 1908, at the Dexter Park Pavilion in Chicago. Showing his contempt for Gotch and for American wrestling in general, Hackenschmidt was not in the best condition. Refusing to train publicly at the Chicago Athletic Club in spite of arrangements having been made for him to do so, he was barred from the club and spent his time either in his hotel room or taking long morning and evening walks along Lake Michigan. By neglecting his training, he lost his endurance, which had never been a factor in his previous matches because he ended them so quickly. Against Gotch, who was in peak condition, it would be decisive. Gotch used his speed, defense and rough tactics to wear the champion down and then assume the attack. The wrestlers stood on their feet for two full hours before Gotch was able to get behind Hackenschmidt and take him down.While on their feet, Gotch made sure to lean on Hackenschmidt to wear him down. He bullied him around the ring, and his thumbing and butting left Hackenschmidt covered in blood. At one time, Gotch also punched Hackenschmidt on the nose. Hackenschmidt complained to the referee of Gotch's foul tactics and asked that Gotch be forced to take a hot shower to rid his body of an abundance of oil, but the referee ignored the complaints and told Hackenschmidt he should have noticed the oil before the match began. The match continued until the two-hour mark, when Hackenschmidt was forced against the ropes. Gotch tore him off the ropes, threw him down and rode him hard for three minutes, working for his dreaded toe hold. Hackenschmidt had trained to avoid this hold, which he did, but the effort took his last remaining strength.<mask> quit the fall. "I surrender the championship of the world to Mr. Gotch", he said, and stood up and shook Gotch's hand. The wrestlers then retired to their dressing rooms before coming out for the second fall, but Hackenschmidt refused to return to the ring, telling the referee to declare Gotch the winner, thereby relinquishing his title to him. Although he at first called Gotch "the greatest man by far I ever met", and explained how his muscles had become stale and his feet had given out, and that he knew he could not win and therefore conceded the match, Hackenschmidt later reversed his opinion of Gotch and Americans in general, claiming to have been fouled by Gotch and victimized in America, and calling for a rematch in Europe. <mask> and Gotch met again on 4 September 1911, at the newly opened Comiskey Park in Chicago, which drew a crowd of nearly 30,000 spectators and a record gate of $87,000. The rematch is one of the most controversial and talked about matches in professional wrestling history, as Hackenschmidt claimed to have injured his knee against Roller, his chief training partner. Years later, professional wrestler Ad Santel told Lou Thesz that he was paid $5,000 by Gotch's backers to cripple Hackenschmidt in training, and make it look like an accident.However, according to <mask> himself, the injury was accidentally inflicted by his sparring partner, Roller, when trying to hold Hackenschmidt down onto his knees in the down position. Roller's right foot struck Hackenschmidt's right knee, which in 1904 had developed "Housemaid's Knee", requiring treatment, and had acted up again in 1907. Furthermore, according to <mask>, his sparring partners for this match were Americus (Gus Schoenlein), Jacobus Koch, Wladek Zbyszko and Dr. Roller. Ad Santel is not mentioned in any account of Hackenschmidt's training by either Hackenschmidt or Roller, both of whom offered their insights and accounts. Whatever the case may be, Dr. Roller did not consider the injury to be serious, and referee Ed Smith dismissed it as inconsequential. Hackenschmidt himself ignored it completely in declaring, the day before the match, that he was "fit to wrestle for my life" and was "satisfied with my condition and confident of the outcome". However, Gotch, tearing into Hackenschmidt with a vengeance, discovered the weakness quickly and took advantage of it.<mask> was easy prey for Gotch, losing in straight falls in only 20 minutes. Gotch clinched the match with his feared toe hold, which forced Hackenschmidt to quit. Retirement and writing career
Following his second defeat at the hands of Gotch, upon returning to England, Hackenschmidt was preparing for a match with Stanislaus Zbyszko to take place the following June, but when he began working out he felt such pain in his right knee that it was painful even to walk. It necessitated surgery, but Hackenschmidt decided at that point to retire and pursue his other interests in philosophy, physical culture and gardening. Hackenschmidt was a pioneer in the field of weightlifting. He invented the exercise known as the hack squat, whose name is a reference to his own. Hackenschmidt also helped to popularize many other types of lifts common within the modern training regimen, such as the bench press.During

masks:
Hackenschmidt
George Hans
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt


title: George Hackenschmidt

texts:
 his career, he established numerous weightlifting records, which were improved upon by others in ensuing decades. Hackenschmidt was an educated and cultured man who spoke seven languages. He went on to write books, including Complete Science of Wrestling (1909), Man and Cosmic Antagonism to Mind and Spirit (1935), Fitness and Your Self (1937), Consciousness and Character: True Definitions of Entity, Individuality, Personality, Nonentity (1937), The Way to Live in Health and Physical Fitness (1941), and The Three Memories and Forgetfulness: What They Are and What Their True Significance Is in Human Life. He also taught physical education to members of the House of Lords and served as a judge at the 1948 Mr. Universe show in London won by John Grimek. His book Man and Cosmic Antagonism to Mind and Spirit was the personal philosophy he developed while interned as a prisoner-of-war in Germany. Hackenschmidt was already hospitalized at St. Francis Hospital in Dulwich, a suburb of London, when he died on 19 February 1968. He was 90 years old.He was cremated at West Norwood Cemetery, where his memorial plaque records him as <mask>chmidt. Personal life
Hackenschmidt became a naturalized French citizen in 1939, and then became a British subject in 1946. He lived with his French wife Rachel in South Norwood, London. He was a great friend with famous magician Harry Houdini and playwright <mask> Shaw. As he aged, Hackenschmidt also expressed a high regard for his old opponent, Tom Jenkins, by then the wrestling coach at the United States Military Academy at West Point. Hack visited Jenkins in 1939 and the two got along splendidly, with Jenkins accommodating Hackenschmidt in his home and giving him a tour of the West Point training facilities. In their mutual admiration society, they never publicly expressed any credit to Frank Gotch, and Hackenschmidt spent the rest of his life complaining about Gotch's foul tactics and his knee injury in explaining his "inexplicable" losses.Diet
Throughout his life, Hackenschmidt paid strict attention to his diet. According to historian Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska, during his career in the ring Hackenschmidt promoted a largely vegetarian diet of "fresh, uncooked food and nuts". He abstained from alcohol, coffee and tobacco and advised moderation in sexual intercourse. In 1925, Charles B. Cochran recounted that he once invited Hackenschmidt to dine at his flat in Piccadilly. Cochran noted that Hackenschmidt ate "eight or nine eggs, a porterhouse-steak, and a whole Camembert cheese". Journalist Maurice Richardson commented that Hackenschmidt was a considerable meat eater during the height of his wrestling career and would eat steak and half a dozen eggs as a snack but did not eat tinned foods. In opposition to this, sportswriter Lew Freedman has written that Hackenschmidt rarely ate meat and did not like cooked food.<mask> is alleged to have written that he consumed eleven pints of milk a day for training. However, this was later disputed. Hackenschmidt told Atholl Oakeley that the quantity of milk prescribed had been a misprint. After retiring from the ring, Hackenschmidt became a strict vegetarian. In The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy, it stated that Hackenschmidt developed a "system of philosophy based on the values of spirituality, vegetarianism and self-control." His vegetarian diet of fresh uncooked foods avoided "everything which has been artificialised in any way". He remained physically fit well into old age, and at 56 he could jump over a 4-foot, 6-inch high board ten times.Even through his mid-80s, he would jump fifty times over a chair once a week, bench press 150 pounds and run seven miles in 45 minutes. Wrestling style and persona
In his entire professional wrestling career, Hackenschmidt engaged in about 3,000 matches, losing only two. Powerfully built, Hackenschmidt's measurements for his 1905 match with Alexander Munro were: age – 28; weight – 204 pounds; height – 5′, 9½″; reach – 75″; biceps – 19″; forearm – 15½″; neck – 22″; chest – 52″; waist – 34″; thigh – 26¾″; calf – 18″. He also rose to prominence when the governing style of wrestling was the slower, more ponderous Greco-Roman style that emphasized muscle power more than speed, agility and ring generalship, and involved holds only above the waist. Being bulkier of build than his sleeker opponents, and slower of movement, Hackenschmidt's style and temperament were not geared as much to the newly popular catch-as-catch-can style. Hackenschmidt was a natural showman, he was honest, straightforward and serious, and he would finish off his opponents quickly. His manager C. B. Cochran had to convince him to extend his matches and put on a show, which in turn ensured more bookings and sold-out shows.This did not mean the matches were fake, as excluding exhibitions, his matches were all on the level, but he might allow a local wrestler to last ten minutes and collect his £25 prize, and set up a highly publicized match for later in the week, where he would defeat his foe handily. Unlike many other professional wrestlers, including Frank Gotch, <mask> was never mean, vindictive or unnecessarily rough in the ring, "contrasting his physical prowess and fighting skills with a quietness of spirit", David Gentle explained. "<mask>chmidt was the epitome of calm, self-assurance and inner peace, with full awareness of his own capabilities and thus like all masters of combat found no need for machoism or outward aggression. His tactic to win was skill and speed, born of confidence in his own ability and fighting prowess". However, he had three weaknesses. Against a first-class opponent, of whom he faced extremely few, he could be slow to adapt. Gotch reported after their first match that "every move the Russian made he telegraphed me in advance, which shows that he thinks too slowly".Hackenschmidt was also given to depression and irascibility. When he came to Chicago to train for his first match with Gotch, promoter Jack Curley had arranged for Hackenschmidt to work out every day before a paying public, which Hackenschmidt refused to do. Barred from the athletic club, he spent his time before the match either exercising in his room or taking morning and evening walks along Lake Michigan, but no serious workouts. The more depressed he got, the more difficult he was to work with, and this all worked against him because, for the first time in his professional career, Hackenschmidt faced a foe fully capable of defeating him. Finally, and worst of all, in both matches with Gotch, Hackenschmidt was accused of lack of heart. Referee Ed Smith, following the 1908 match, said that "deep down in my own mind, I decided that <mask>chmidt had quit – quit quite cold, as a matter of fact – because there was nothing about Gotch's treatment of him in that first encounter that could by a stretch of the imagination call for a disqualification. There was some face-mauling, just as there always is ... but at no time did the vaunted Hackenschmidt ever make a serious move toward slapping down his opponent, never showed much in the wrestling line during the entire two hours... Again, I say, that as the referee of that match, I thought that the 'Russian Lion' quit".Following the 1911 rematch, one newspaper described Gotch's easy victory and then added that "in the parlance of the sporting world, Hackenschmidt is yellow ... He quit when his position became dangerous". Perhaps the most frustrated was Hackenschmidt's second, Dr. Benjamin Roller, who himself had lost several times to Gotch, but had displayed the utmost gameness and courage. "Hack did not get started", Roller explained. "That's largely a matter of gameness". Hackenschmidt's injuries had not been serious enough, Roller felt. "I have tried my best to make a winner out of him and put him into the ring in the best possible condition, but ... gameness is something you can not put into a man".Legacy
The years spanning Hackenschmidt's professional career are called the Golden Age of professional wrestling. Not only were professional wrestling matches mostly honestly contested, but wrestling was the most popular sport on every continent. However, it was Hackenschmidt who brought professional wrestling its great popularity in the United Kingdom, and it was he and Gotch together who brought it to entirely new heights around the world. "The Hackenschmidt-Gotch matches were the pinnacle of professional wrestling during the time period and received much attention from media, fans, and celebrities", Andrew Malnoske observed. "They were even described in the 1937 book Fall Guys – The Barnums of Bounce by famed writer Marcus Griffen. To this day, the Chicago Public Library receives requests to view the newspaper accounts and files on the bouts." As Mark Palmer pointed out, "For starters, <mask> and Frank Gotch were major sports superstars of the early 20th century.Fans of all ages collected cabinet cards and postcards with their images, read their books, and devoured articles about them in newspapers. Their epic matches were front-page news around the world – akin to today's World Cup in terms of garnering global attention – and helped to launch organized amateur wrestling in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. In fact, a large number of high school and college wrestling programs can trace their roots back to the 1910s and 1920s – the era when Hackenschmidt and Gotch were still household names, and highly respected athletes". Having already made his mark in bodybuilding, Hackenschmidt caused the major surge in the popularity of professional wrestling in England, and he was considered unbeatable. However, Hackenschmidt probably would not be so well remembered today were it not for two things: 1) his enormous standing in the world of physical culture, and 2) his two defeats at the hands of Frank Gotch. Hackenschmidt remained in the public eye because he had become an icon in the world of physical culture, a legendary bodybuilder as well as health addict, and a world champion wrestler central to a movement that was now increasingly popular. He spoke and published widely on a wide range of subjects, but most notably on health and fitness.His most popular book was the classic The Way To Live, the last words of which read, "Throughout my whole career I have never bothered as to whether I was a champion or not a champion; The only title I have desired to be known by is simply my name – <mask>chmidt". However, it was his matches with Gotch that ensured the growing popularity of catch-as-catch-can wrestling over the more laborious Greco-Roman that had previously dominated, and this is the style that enjoys popularity at all scholastic levels, private clubs and the Olympics to this day. Hackenschmidt was a major reason for this. The H. J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports at the Todd-McLean Library and Special Collections in Austin, Texas, has a digitized version of a nearly 600-page scrapbook owned for decades by Hackenschmidt and bequeathed by his widow Rachel. The international Georg Hackenschmidt Memorial in Greco-Roman wrestling has been held in Tartu since 1969. Championships and accomplishments
 Greco-Roman wrestling
 European Greco-Roman Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Professional wrestling
 French Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 World Heavyweight Wrestling Championship (1 time)
<mask>/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2003
International Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
Class of 2021
 Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
 Class of 2002
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 1996)
 WWE
 WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2016)

References

Cited sources

Further reading

External links

 Wrestling Museum profile
 Wrestling-titles.com profile

1877 births
1968 deaths
Sportspeople from Tartu
People from Kreis Dorpat
Baltic German people of the Russian Empire
Estonian people of Baltic German descent
Estonian people of Swedish descent
19th century professional wrestlers
20th century professional wrestlers
Estonian catch wrestlers
Estonian male weightlifters
Estonian professional wrestlers
Estonian strength athletes
People associated with physical culture
Professional bodybuilders
Estonian expatriate sportspeople in England
Estonian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
World Weightlifting Championships medalists
WWE Hall of Fame Legacy inductees
Burials at West Norwood

masks:
George Hackens
George Bernard
Hackenschmidt
Hackenschmidt
George Hackens
George Hackens
George Hackensdt
George Hackens
George Tragos


title: Philip Dimmitt

texts:
<mask> (1801–1841) was an officer in the Texian Army during the Texas Revolution. Born in Kentucky, <mask> moved to Texas in 1823 and soon operated a series of trading posts. After learning that Mexican General Martín Perfecto de Cos was en route to Texas in the year 1835 (??) to quell the unrest, <mask> proposed that the general be kidnapped on his arrival at Copano. The plan was shelved when fighting broke out at Gonzales, but by early October, 1835, it had been resuscitated by a group of volunteers at Matamoros. Not knowing that Cos had already departed for San Antonio de Bexar, this group decided to corner Cos at Presidio La Bahia in Goliad. <mask> joined them en route, and participated in the battle of Goliad.Following the battle, <mask> assumed command of the Texian forces that remained at Presidio La Bahia. One of his first acts as commander was to design a new flag. Similar to the Mexican flag, his version replaced the central eagle with the words "Constitution of 1824", reflecting his loyalty to the Constitution of 1824, which had been repudiated by Mexican President Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Against the wishes of the commander of the Texian Army, <mask> also authorized a group of his men to take Fort Lipantitlan. Their success meant that the only remaining group of Mexican soldiers in Texas were Cos's men in Bexar. <mask> and a few of his men left Goliad in early December to join the siege of Bexar and participated in the final battle which forced Cos to surrender. On their return to Goliad, <mask>'s men declared independence from Mexico.In honor of their new aim, Dimmitt designed a second flag, a white background with a severed, bloody arm holding a sword. The new Texian Army commanders and the provisional government were angry with the premature declaration and instructed <mask> to lower his flag. He resigned his command in protest. Soon after, Dimmitt joined the Texians garrisoned at the Alamo Mission in Bexar. On February 23, Alamo commander William B. Travis sent <mask> on a scouting mission to see if the Mexican Army was close. While <mask> was out, the Mexican Army surrounded Bexar. Fearing that he would not be able to reach the Alamo, <mask> instead returned to Victoria and tried to recruit volunteers to ride to the Alamo's relief.He and his volunteers eventually joined the Texian Army, under Sam Houston on April 22, the day after the battle of San Jacinto. Following the war, <mask> opened a trading post near the Nueces River. The post was raided by Mexican soldiers in July 1841 and <mask>it County, Texas is named for him. Early life

<mask> was born about 1801 in Jefferson County, Kentucky. In 1823, he moved to the Mexican province of Texas.For several years he lived in San Antonio de Bexar, where he worked as a commissary contractor for the Mexican soldiers garrisoned at the Alamo Mission. After marrying Maria Luisa Lazo, <mask> settled near Guadalupe Victoria in the colony of Martín De León. He supported his family by operating three trading posts. One was located near Victoria on the Guadalupe River. A second was at Goliad. The largest, which included a wharf and a warehouse, was at <mask>'s Landing on Lavaca Bay. In 1835, <mask> purchased land in the Power and Hewetson colony, but he continued to live near Victoria.Texas Revolution

Goliad
After the Anahuac Disturbances of June 1835, Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna sent his brother-in-law, General Martín Perfecto de Cos to quell the unrest in Texas. Cos landed at Copano on September 20 and arrived in Goliad on October 2. As early as September 18] <mask>, along with James Fannin and John Linn, had begun advocating a plan to seize Cos at either Copano or Goliad. The plan was abandoned in late September as instead colonists flocked to Gonzales, where the Texas Revolution officially began on October 2. On October 6, members of the Texian militia in Matagorda, under George Collinsworth,  decided to implement <mask>'s plan and march on Presidio La Bahía in Goliad. They intended to kidnap Cos and hold him for ransom. If possible, they also wished to steal the estimated $50,000 that was rumored to accompany Cos.When Collinsworth and his men stopped in Victoria to recruit more men for their expedition, <mask> joined, along with at least 30 other settlers. One of <mask>'s contacts in Goliad informed him that Cos had already departed for San Antonio de Bexar, leaving only a small number of troops to defend Goliad. The Texian force continued on to Goliad, and after a brief fight gained control of the presidio. Although the battle had ended, over the next several days more Texian settlers joined the group at La Bahía. Stephen F. Austin, commander of the newly formed Texian Army, ordered that 100 men remain at Goliad under <mask>'s command, while the rest should join the Texian Army in marching on Cos's troops in Béxar. Early in his tenure, he designed the flag that eventually became most associated with the Texas Revolution. His design began with the green, white, and red tricolor of the Mexican flag, but replaced the central eagle with the words "Constitution of 1824", or sometimes just "1824".This signified that the Texians were fighting to uphold the Constitution of 1824, which Santa Anna had nullified. By November, the Texas provisional government had ordered that all ships in the Texas Navy fly this flag. In a letter to Austin dated October 15, <mask> proposed an attack on Fort Lipantitlán, whose capture would "secure the frontier, provide a vital station for defense, create instability among the centralists, and encourage Mexican federalists". The Mexican soldiers at Fort Lipantitlán intimidated the settlers in nearby San Patricio, leaving them afraid to openly support the federalists who defied Mexican president Antonio López de Santa Anna. Two of <mask>'s men, John Wiliams and John Toole, had been captured on October 10 and 11 carrying missives to the federalist leaders in San Patricio and were imprisoned at Lipantitlán. Austin did not order an assault, and an angry <mask> wrote on October 27 that Williams and Toole had been sent to Matamoros, beyond the reach of the Texians. <mask> chose to act without orders from Austin and on October 31 sent Adjutant Ira Westover with a force of 35 men to take Fort Lipantitlán.Following the Battle of Lipantitlan, the Texians had defeated all of the Mexican forces within Texas except those commanded by Cos at Bexar. Without an easy means of communication with Matamoros in the Mexican interior, Cos was unable to quickly request or receive reinforcements or supplies. According to historian Bill Groneman, this likely contributed to Cos's defeat in the siege of Bexar. The removal of Mexican army oversight encouraged the federalists in San Patricio to become more active. These men soon gained control of the municipal government, formed a militia, and elected delegates to represent them at the Consultation, which served as a provisional Texas government. <mask> was temporarily relieved of his command on November 18, 1835 after an incident involving Agustín Viesca, the deposed governor of Coahuila y Tejas. Veisca had been relieved of his duties and imprisoned after questioning Santa Anna's centralist policies.He escaped from prison and made his way to Texas, where he was discovered by Westover's men as they returned from Fort Lipantitlan. Westover took the governor to Goliad, where <mask> treated him courteously but refused to recognize his authority as governor. By this time, <mask> had decided that he preferred complete independence from Texas rather than a return to the previous Mexican constitution. Austin, who believed Texas was fighting for the Constitution of 1824, immediately removed <mask> from office. <mask>'s men voted to keep him as their commander and released several resolutions in protest of Austin's action. In early December, <mask> and a few of his men joined Austin's army at Bexar, where they participated in the final fighting at the siege of Bexar. They returned to Goliad about December 14.On his return, <mask> designed a new flag. This flag had a white background and featured a severed, bloody arm holding a sword. It is thought to be the first flag advocating Texas's full independence from Mexico. The flag was raised over Presidio La Bahia after the garrison approved and signed the Goliad Declaration of Independence. Many members of the government, as well as acting army commanders Frank W. Johnson and James Grant demanded that the flag be lowered. An angry <mask> resigned his command in mid-January 1836. Alamo
About January 24, <mask> and thirty volunteers arrived in San Antonio de Bexar to reinforce the Texians garrisoned at the Alamo.He was named army storekeeper. Additional reinforcements from the regular army arrived on February 3, under the command of William B. Travis. Many of <mask>'s men left after their arrival, but <mask> remained and worked as a scout. Early in the morning of February 23, local townspeople warned Travis that the Mexican army was very near to Bexar. Travis assigned one of his men to stand lookout in the bell tower of the San Fernando Church and warn him if Mexican soldiers appeared. Travis then asked  Dimitt and Lieutenant Benjamin Noble to try to locate the Mexican army. At approximately 2:30 that afternoon the church bell began to ring as the lookout claimed to have seen flashes in the distance.Although Travis could still see nothing, since Dimitt and Noble had not returned he sent John Sutherland and John W. Smith on horseback to scout the area where the flashes had been seen. Within  of the town, they saw the troops of the Delores Cavalry and returned to Bexar at a run. The Texians were completely unprepared for the arrival of the Mexican army, and scrambled about to gather food and supplies for the anticipated siege. By late afternoon Bexar was completely occupied by about 1500 Mexican troops, who quickly raised a blood-red flag signifying "No Quarter" above the San Fernando Church. <mask> and Noble were still scouting the area. As they were returning to Bexar, a local told them that the town was surrounded. Soon after, a servant sent by <mask>'s wife found them to tell them not to return or the Mexican army would kill them.The men rode to a nearby location to wait and see if it would be safe to return to the Alamo. After several days, <mask> concluded that the wait was in vain and he and Noble left the area. San Jacinto
After leaving Bexar, <mask> returned to Victoria, where he began trying to recruit others to help relieve the Alamo. After hearing that the Texians had been defeated at the battle of the Alamo, the new commander of the Texian Army, Sam Houston, sent <mask> a letter on March 12, ordering <mask> to bring his men to Gonzales. By this time Dimmitt had recruited 21 men. By the time they arrived at Gonzales, the Mexican army had already taken possession of the town, as Houston and his men retreated east. <mask>'s men briefly skirmished with Mexican troops before returning to Victoria on March 19.There, he and his men helped evacuate settlers. When Mexican General Jose de Urrea prepared to enter Victoria on March 21, <mask> and his men joined the settlers in fleeing east. The mass evacuation was later termed the Runaway Scrape. On April 15, <mask> arrived at Matagorda Island with more recruits for Houston's army. On April 22, <mask> joined Houston, bringing with him reinforcements and much-needed supplies. The reinforcements missed the final battle of the revolution by only a day. Later on April 22, Santa Anna was taken prisoner, and the war essentially ended.Later years
<mask> later moved to Refugio and became a justice. In 1841 he purchased part of a ranch on the Aransas River. By May, he had formed a trading post, with James Gourley, Jr., near what is now Calallen. The post was about  from one that had long been operated by William P. Aubrey and Henry Kinney, who dealt in contraband with Mexican troops. On July 4, 1841, Mexican troops raided <mask>'s post, confiscating merchandise valued at $6,000 and taking <mask> and several other men captive. <mask> and the other men were sent to prison in Matamoros. The troops did not approach Aubrey and Kinney's post.Some newspapers speculated that Kinney, who was friendly with Mexican general Pedro de Ampudia, had asked Ampudia to eliminate the competition. Aubrey and Kinney were eventually arrested and charged with treason, but were acquitted on August 22, probably due to pressure from Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar. Within weeks, Lamar had sent Kinney to Mexico to petition for <mask>'s release. The request was unsuccessful; the Mexican government was still angry with <mask> for his role in the Goliad Declaration of Independence and had no intention of releasing him. <mask> and his friends, along with 19 other men from Texas who were imprisoned in Matamoros, were marched to Monterrey in August 1841. Eighteen of the men escaped in Saltillo after drugging their guards. Eleven of them were later found and executed, while seven reached safety in the mountains.<mask> had been held separately and did not participate in the escape, but he was told that if the other Texians did not return <mask> would be executed as revenge. Unhappy with either alternative—execution or extended imprisonment—<mask> committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine. Legacy
<mask> had two children, Antonio Alamo <mask> and <mask> <mask>it County. Footnotes

References

Further reading

1801 births
1841 deaths
People of the Texas Revolution
Army of the Republic of Texas officers
Alamo defenders
Alamo survivors
Military personnel from Louisville, Kentucky
Drug-related suicides in Mexico
American military personnel who committed suicide
People who committed suicide in prison custody
People from Refugio, Texas
1840s suicides

masks:
Philip Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmittmm
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Dimmitt
Texas Philip
Dimmittmm


title: Vincent Lecavalier

texts:
<mask> "Vinny<mask> (born April 21, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who is currently a special advisor to hockey operations for the Montreal Canadiens. Lecavalier, played seventeen seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1998 and 2016. He  was the captain of the Tampa Bay Lightning for the 2000–2001 season and again from 2008-2013 and spent his first 14 NHL seasons with the Tampa Bay Lightning before being bought out following the 2012–13 season and signing with the Philadelphia Flyers for $22.5 million over 5 years. He was chosen first overall by the Lightning in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft and was a member of their 2004 Stanley Cup championship team. He won the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy in 2007 as the NHL's leading goal scorer. On February 10, 2018, the Tampa Bay Lightning retired his number 4 jersey. Playing career
As a youth, Lecavalier played in the 1994 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from the North Shore of Montreal.Rimouski Océanic
<mask> played two years of junior hockey for the Rimouski Océanic of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). During his tenure, he quickly established himself as one of the NHL's top prospects. In his first season with the Océanic, he won the Michel Bergeron Trophy as the QMJHL's top rookie forward, and the RDS Cup as the top rookie overall. Tampa Bay Lightning (1998–2013)
<mask> was drafted first overall by Tampa Bay in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft, during which new Lightning owner Art Williams proclaimed that Lecavalier would be "the Michael Jordan of hockey". On March 1, 2000, following his sophomore season, he was named captain, becoming the youngest captain in NHL history at 19 years and 314 days (since surpassed by Sidney Crosby,  Gabriel Landeskog, and Connor McDavid). Previously, Steve Yzerman had held that honour, having been named captain of the Detroit Red Wings at 21 years, 5 months. However, Lecavalier did not fulfill expectations and was later stripped of the captaincy before the 2001–02 NHL season when Lightning management decided he was too young even as a high calibre player.Around that time, he clashed frequently with head coach John Tortorella. Tortorella has since noted that Lecavalier matured since losing the team captaincy. During the 2003–04 NHL season, while Martin St. Louis led in regular season scoring and Brad Richards led in the playoffs, Lecavalier played a key role in the team's Stanley Cup victory, assisting on the Cup-clinching goal. He was named MVP of the Canadian National Team in the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, which Canada won. During the lock-out which cancelled the 2004–05 NHL season, <mask>, along with Lightning teammates Nikolai Khabibulin and Brad Richards, played for Ak Bars Kazan in the Russian Superleague. Lecavalier scored 15 points as Kazan finished 4th in the league and lost in the first round of the playoffs. <mask> was chosen to play for Team Canada at the 2006 Olympics, but returned to Tampa without a medal.Lecavalier broke the all-time Tampa Bay Lightning record for most points in a season by scoring his 95th point on March 16, 2007, against the Buffalo Sabres. The record was previously held by Martin St. Louis, who had 94 points during the 2003–04 NHL season. His record of 108 points was since surpassed by Nikita Kucherov, who recorded Art Ross trophy-winning 128 points during the 2018-19 NHL season and holds the record at this point. On March 30, 2007, in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, Lecavalier became the first Lightning player to record 50 goals in a season. He finished the season with 52 goals, edging Ottawa's Dany Heatley, who scored 50 goals, to earn the Maurice "Rocket" Richard Trophy as the NHL's top goal scorer for the 2006–07 season. During the 2007–08 NHL season, Lecavalier recorded 8 straight multipoint games, being the first to do so since Jaromír Jágr in 1996. The scoring streak put him first in the NHL scoring race, until he was surpassed by Ottawa Senators' captain, Daniel Alfredsson, who scored 7 points in the final game before the All-Star break.He was named captain of the Eastern Conference at the 2008 NHL All Star Game. At the end of the season he was named the winner of both the King Clancy Memorial Trophy and the NHL Foundation Player Award for his tremendous charity work in the community. In the 2007–08 offseason, <mask> underwent shoulder surgery to repair a fracture from taking a hit against Matt Cooke of the Washington Capitals. He underwent another surgery on his left wrist later in the summer. On July 12, 2008, <mask> agreed to an eleven-year, $85 million contract extension with the Lightning. His new contract began after the 2008–09 season, and ran through the 2019–20 season. He was renamed captain of the Tampa Bay Lightning on September 18, 2008.In mid-January 2009, rumours were swirling around a possible trade which would send Lecavalier to the Montreal Canadiens, his hometown, but Brian Lawton later stated that Lecavalier would rather stay in Tampa Bay for the rest of his career. <mask> confirmed in his own words his preference of playing in Tampa Bay over his native Montreal. On January 24, at the NHL's superskills competition, Lecavalier received a standing ovation from the Montreal crowd that lasted for 30 seconds when he was being introduced. Lecavalier underwent season-ending wrist surgery on April 3, 2009. On January 21, 2013, Lecavalier played in his 1000th NHL game, becoming the 280th NHL player to reach that milestone. His 1,000 games were all with the Tampa Bay Lightning. The team honoured him on January 25, their next home game, with several gifts including an engraved silver stick.In June 2013, the New York Post reported that the Lightning and Toronto Maple Leafs had discussed a trade which would have sent Lecavalier to Toronto; the Maple Leafs would receive an asset in exchange for buying out <mask>'s contract and he would then be free to re-sign with Tampa as an unrestricted free agent at a lower salary cap hit. Though the Maple Leafs denied the report, NHL Deputy Commissioner Bill Daly promptly sent out a memo to all 30 league teams, warning them to avoid transactions deemed a circumvention of the collective bargaining agreement. The CBA prevents teams from re-signing players they've bought out for a minimum of one year. One day later, the Lightning announced that it was buying out <mask>'s contract, allowing their longest serving player to become an unrestricted free agent. The buyout would pay Lecavalier a total of $32.67 million and rid the Lightning of his $7.727 million salary cap hit. Philadelphia Flyers (2013–2016)
On July 2, 2013, less than a week after being bought out by the Lightning, Lecavalier signed with the Philadelphia Flyers who agreed to pay him $22.5 million over a five-year contract; which is in addition to the $2.33 million he will receive annually from the Lightning for the next 14 years. Lecavalier chose to wear number 40 with the Flyers as his usual number 4 had been retired by the Flyers in honour of Barry Ashbee.On November 27, 2013, <mask> made his first return to Tampa as a member of the Flyers and was welcomed with a tribute video as well as a long, standing ovation from Lightning fans. He scored a goal in his homecoming and was awarded the game's 3rd star. Lecavalier finished the season registering 20 goals and 17 assists, and scored his 400th career goal against the Boston Bruins on March 30, 2014. The Flyers qualified for the 2014 Stanley Cup Playoffs, before being eliminated in seven games by the New York Rangers, in which Lecavalier had one goal and an assist in the series. The 2014-15 NHL season began quite poorly for Lecavalier, and on December 2, 2014 he was a healthy scratch for the first time in his career. On April 9, 2015 in a game against the Carolina Hurricanes, Lecavalier fought twice against Hurricanes rookie Keegan Lowe, who was playing his first NHL game. Lecavalier didn't play the third period and may have suffered a concussion.Los Angeles Kings (2016)
During the 2015–16 season, having played sparingly for the previous two seasons within the Flyers organization, <mask> was traded alongside Luke Schenn to the Los Angeles Kings in exchange for Jordan Weal and a third round pick on January 6, 2016. One of the stipulations of the trade was that <mask> would retire at the end of the season to keep the Kings from being saddled with his hit to the salary cap. With number 4 being retired for Rob Blake, Lecavalier chose number 44 for the Kings. He officially announced his retirement on June 21, 2016. Personal life
Lecavalier went to John Rennie High School in Pointe-Claire, Quebec for two years (1992–1993) before transferring to Athol Murray College of Notre Dame in Wilcox, Saskatchewan. He has been friends with former teammate Brad Richards, who won the Conn Smythe Trophy in 2004 as Most Valuable Player of the NHL playoffs, since the age of 14, when they met at Notre Dame, where they were roommates and became best friends. Since then they have gone on to become teammates with the Rimouski Océanic, the Tampa Bay Lightning and also with Ak Bars Kazan.Lecavalier currently resides in Tampa's Davis Island. Lecavalier began dating Caroline Portelance in 2001. After ten years of dating, the two were married in 2011. The couple have three children together. He is featured in The Rocket: The Maurice Richard Story where he portrayed legendary Montreal Canadiens centre, Jean Béliveau. He wore number 4 to honour Béliveau. EA Sports' video game NHL 06 featured Lecavalier as the cover athlete.In October 2007, Lecavalier pledged $3 million to a new All Children's Hospital facility under construction in St. Petersburg, Florida. The facility was named the <mask> Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center in his honour. On February 10, 2018, the Tampa Bay Lightning retired Lecavalier's number 4 jersey. <mask> is the second player in franchise history to have his jersey retired, the first being Martin St. Louis.

masks:
Vincent
" Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Lecavalier
Vincent Lecavalier
Lecavalier


title: Christine Nairn

texts:
<mask> (born September 25, 1990) is an American retired soccer player from Annapolis, Maryland. She previously played for the Houston Dash,Orlando Pride, Washington Spirit and Seattle Reign FC in the NWSL and has had regular loan spells with Melbourne Victory in the Australian W-League. She has represented the United States at senior level as well at numerous youth levels. In 2008, she helped the under-20  national team win gold at the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile. Nairn announced her retirement from professional soccer on September 18, 2021, in order to pursue a career as a professional firefighter with the Houston Fire Department. Early life
Born in Annapolis, Maryland to parents Tommy and <mask>, <mask> attended Archbishop Spalding High School in Severn, Maryland where she was all-time leader in assists, goals and points from 2004–2007 and was a four-time Parade All-American. Besides excelling in soccer, she played four years of varsity basketball in high school.She was a National Honor Society member and graduated with Dean's List honors. Nairn was a three-time All-State selection, an NSCAA/adidas All-American from 2005–08, and the Gatorade Maryland State Player of the Year from 2005–07. She was named Player of the Year by The Washington Post and was an NSCAA/adidas All-South Region selection from 2005–2007. Nairn started playing soccer when she was just four years old competing against her older brothers, Kevin and TJ, in her backyard. After her club coach, Pat Noel, encouraged her to go to an Olympic Development Program (ODP) tryout at age nine, she was accepted in the program. Nairn credits the Maryland ODP program as a very important contributor for her national recognition achievements. Nairn played club soccer with the Freestate Shooters U-18 team, which won the WAGS Championship and Maryland State Cup in 2004 and the U.S. Club Soccer Championship in 2007.She was also a four-year captain for the Region I Olympic Development Program (ODP) team and won the 2006 Regional ODP National Championship. In January 2008, during her senior year in high school, Nairn was called up to the United States women's national soccer team and was the youngest member to attend training camp. The same year, Soccer Buzz named her the number three recruit in the country. Penn State, 2009–2012
Nairn attended Pennsylvania State University from 2009–2012 and majored in Communications. During her freshman year, she started in all but two games as the team's central midfielder. She scored seven goals and led the team in assists at ten. Nairn recorded three assists in a 4–0 win over then-number 22 Purdue University on November 1 setting a new freshman record and second most in a game.She tallied a point in 10 of 12 games from September 13 to November 1. Nairn earned unanimous All-Big Ten Conference First Team, Big Ten Freshman of the Year and All-Freshman Team honors and was named TopDrawerSoccer.com Rookie of the Year. She was twice named Big Ten Freshman of the Week on October 5 and November 2 and was named to the Hermann Trophy Watch List. As a sophomore, Nairn scored 7 goals and provided 6 assists for 20 points. She was named to the All-Big Ten First Team and NSCAA All-Great Lakes First Team. She started in all 21 games in central midfield leading the team in shots at 73. She scored the second-fastest goal in Penn State history, a strike 63 seconds into the match at the University of Connecticut on September 5.Nairn notched penalty-kick goals in games against the University of Portland, Michigan State University, and Northwestern  University. She was named team MVP and to the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC) First-Team All-Star squad. During her junior year with the Nittany Lions, Nairn started in 24 of 25 matches in attacking midfield. She tallied three goals and 13 assists for 19 points, earning NSCAA All-American Second Team honors for a second straight year. She garnered All-Big Ten and NSCAA All-Great Lake First Team honors for a third straight year. She tallied assists at Pittsburgh, UCF, and Virginia, capping a four-game point streak and assisted game-winners vs. Ohio State and Michigan State. Nairn provided the assist on Penn State's lone goal in the Big Ten Final against Illinois and scored a dramatic 85th-minute game-winner against Army in the NCAA First Round.Nairn also tallied two assists in a 4–1 victory over number 12 Marquette in the NCAA Second Round. As a senior in 2012, Nairn earned her first ever Big Ten Midfielder of the Year and first team NSCAA All-American honor. She finished her career with the second highest number of all-time assists in program history and doubled her career goal total (second highest in the conference) with 17 goals. She was one of  two players in the 2012 College Cup with double-digit goals and assists. Nairn scored an exciting golden goal against Florida State in the national semifinals. In 2013, Nairn was one of three finalists for the Hermann Trophy coming in second to University of North Carolina midfielder and future Washington Spirit teammate, Crystal Dunn. Club career

W-League: Washington Freedom Futures and DC United Women, 2010–11
In 2010, Nairn played for the Washington Freedom Futures in the W-League.In 2011, Nairn signed with D.C. United Women in the W-League. She made four appearances, scoring three goals and providing one assist notching seven points for the season. She scored twice in a game against the New York Magic leading the team to its first win in franchise history. ASA Chesapeake Charge, 2012
In 2012, she played for the NCAA-compliant semi-professional club, ASA Chesapeake Charge, in WPSL Elite. She played in three games and scored one goal. Seattle Reign FC, 2013, 2017

On January 18, 2013, Nairn was drafted to the Seattle Reign FC as the seventh pick (first round) of the 2013 NWSL Draft. On her signing, Nairn said, "It's a great opportunity, like I said before, to represent Seattle and where I've come from – Penn State, and all the teams I played for before.To represent them on a professional stage is a dream come true. I'm excited to get to work." Nairn scored the first regular season goal for the Reign during the team's first league match against Chicago Red Stars on April 14, 2013 with a diving header on a cross from forward, Liz Bogus. Nairn led the team in assists and was a leading-scorer. She finished the regular season with five assists and three goals. Nairn returned to the Reign for the 2017 NWSL season. She appeared in all 23 matches, having 21 stars.Washington Spirit, 2014–2016
On November 20, 2013 the Seattle Reign traded Nairn to the Washington Spirit for the discovery rights to Scottish international Kim Little. In 2014, she scored six goals and took 52 out of 76 corner kicks for the Spirit. In 2015, Nairn scored five goals and recorded two assists. In her third year with the team, the midfielder was voted Spirit MVP for her contributions to the first ever NWSL Championship appearance for the Spirit. She played every match for the Spirit in 2016, starting 18 in the regular season and both post season matches, and scored three goals. Her goal against the Houston Dash on August 18 earned her the NWSL Goal of the Week honors in Week 16. Nairn's most memorable assist of the season came in the semifinal on Francisca Ordega's game winning goal to send the Spirit to the NWSL Championship.Melbourne Victory, 2014–
In September 2014, Nairn went on loan to the Melbourne Victory for the 2014 W-League season. She returned for the 2015-16 season and 2016-17 season. After taking a season off she returned to the Victory for her fourth loan spell with the club in the 2018-19 W-League season. She won the W-League Premiership in 2018-19. She subsequently received the Julie Dolan Medal, becoming the first international player to receive Australia's W-League player of the year award. Orlando Pride 2018

Nairn joined the Orlando Pride alongside Carson Pickett, in a deal that sent Steph Catley to Seattle. During her first season with the Pride she made 20 appearances, of which 13 were starts.She finished the season tied second in assists alongside Marta. She also won the NWSL goal of the week in Week 7 of the season. Her contract option for the 2019 season was exercised. Houston Dash 2019–
On February 26, 2019, Nairn was traded to the Houston Dash for exchange for an international slot and draft picks. International career
Nairn played for the United States U-16, U-17, U-18 and U-20 teams from 2004 to 2010. She played in all six games for the team that won the 2008 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile. She has played twice for the United States women's national soccer team, both against Canada during summer of 2009, debuting on 25 May in Toronto in a 4–0 win, then scoring the winning goal in a 1–0 victory on July 22 in Charleston, South Carolina.International goals

Honors

Club
Melbourne Victory
 W-League Premiership: 2018–19

Houston Dash
 NWSL Challenge Cup: 2020

International
 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: 2008
 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship: 2010

Individual
 Julie Dolan Medal: 2018–19

Personal life

In 2017, Nairn came out as gay on her personal blog, "Finding my Euphoria". In her post "What Even is Normal" she stated:

"I am done with living a life that is acceptable to someone else's standards of "normal". As a female, it is not "normal" to prioritize your life around a sport. I do. It is not "normal" to only live in an area for 6 months because you have to go to your next season. I do. It is not "normal" to miss holidays with the family because you are playing soccer.I do. It is not "normal" to be gay. I am. It's not "normal" to not know what you want to do with your life. I don't. The list goes on and on, but it shouldn't matter because what even is normal?" See also

 List of Melbourne Victory Women players
 List of foreign players in the W-League (Australia)

References

External links

 US Soccer player profile
 Seattle Reign FC player profile
 Washington Spirit player profile
 Melbourne Victory player profile
 Penn State player profile

 Nairn's personal blog

1990 births
Living people
American women's soccer players
Penn State Nittany Lions women's soccer players
USL W-League players
National Women's Soccer League players
OL Reign players
Soccer players from Maryland
D.C. United Women players
Parade High School All-Americans (girls' soccer)
Women's Premier Soccer League Elite players
Washington Spirit players
Melbourne Victory FC (A-League Women) players
Sportspeople from Annapolis, Maryland
People from Severn, Maryland
Women's association football midfielders
United States women's international soccer players
OL Reign draft picks
United States women's under-20 international soccer players
Orlando Pride players
Houston Dash players
LGBT association football players
LGBT people from Maryland
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
Lesbian sportswomen
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Christine Marie Nairn
Danamarie Nairn
Christine


title: Adam van Koeverden

texts:
<mask>  (born January 29, 1982) is a Canadian sprint kayaker and politician. He is an Olympic gold medallist in the K-1 500m category (2004) and a two-time world champion in K-1 500 (2007) and K-1 1000 (2011), winning four Olympic and eight world championship medals. His home club is the Burloak Canoe Club in Oakville, Ontario. In the 2019 Canadian federal election, <mask> was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons, representing the electoral district of Milton as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada caucus. Early life and education
He was born in Toronto to a Dutch father, <mask>, and a Hungarian mother, Beata Bokrossy. Van Koeverden attended St. John Catholic Elementary School in Oakville, Ontario, graduating in 1996. He then proceeded to go to St. Ignatius of Loyola Catholic Secondary School also located in Oakville.He plays guitar. <mask> is a graduate of McMaster University's Bachelor of Science Kinesiology program in Hamilton, Ontario. He graduated in June 2007 as valedictorian of his class. Career

Canoe sprinting
He won a bronze medal in the K-1 1000 m at the 1999 world junior championships in Zagreb, Croatia, and then became world junior marathon champion in 2000. His first success as a senior came with a silver medal at the 2003 world championships in Gainesville, Georgia, in the men's K-1 1000 m event. At the 2004 Summer Olympics Van Koeverden won two medals, including a gold in the K-1 500 m and a bronze in the K-1 1000 m. He was Canada's flag bearer at the closing ceremonies and was later awarded the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canada's top athlete of 2004. In 2005, Van Koeverden won two medals at the 2005 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Zagreb: a silver in the K-1 1000 m and a bronze in the K-1 500 m. At the 2006 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Szeged, Hungary, Van Koeverden finished fourth in both the K-1 500 m and 1000 m finals.At the 2006 Canadian Sprint Canoe Championships in Regina, Saskatchewan, he won five gold medals (K-1 1000 m, K-2 1000 m, K-4 1000 m, K-4 200 m, and War Canoe), and two silver medals (K-1 200 m and K-2 200 m). Van Koeverden had great success on the World Cup circuit in 2007, going undefeated over both 500 m and 1000 m in three competitions. At the 2007 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in Duisburg, Van Koeverden won the gold medal in the K-1 500 m and the silver medal in the K-1 1000 m.

<mask> beat his own world record in the K-1 500 m at the 2008 Beijing Olympics with a time of 1:35.554. He finished 8th place in the 1000m race, and finished with a silver medal in the K-1 500 m race. Originally, he had been listed as bronze medalist, until the scoreboard was corrected to indicate he had finished second. <mask> had led most of the way from the start, but was overtaken by the Australian winner Ken Wallace at the finish line, with British bronze medallist Tim Brabants ending in a photo finish with him. In the leadup to the 2008 Beijing Olympics, <mask> was named flag bearer for the Canadian Olympic team at the opening ceremony, making him one of the few athletes to carry Canada's flag twice at the Olympics.To celebrate the success of the hometown hero, on October 17, 2008, Oakville Mayor Rob Burton and local councillors hosted a meet and greet session. A ceremonial street name unveiling to honor Van Koeverden preceded the event. <mask> Koeverden Street, which is currently known as Water Street, is located near his Oakville harbour home club, the Burloak Canoe Club. At the 2009 world championships in Dartmouth, he won a bronze medal in the K-1 1000 m event. The following year, he won another bronze, only this time it was in the K-1 500 m event. Continuing to build on these achievements at the world's, <mask> went to the 2011 world championships competing in the K-1 1000 m, where he finally won gold. At the 2012 London Olympics he won the silver medal in the same event, while Norwegian Eirik Verås Larsen won gold.At the 2016 Rio Olympics he finished first in the B final, placing ninth overall. Politics
On October 4, 2018, <mask> announced he would be seeking the nomination of the Liberal Party of Canada in the riding of Milton to be a candidate in the 2019 Canadian federal election. <mask> won the Liberal nomination on January 20, 2019 and won the Liberal seat in Milton on October 21, 2019, defeating the incumbent, Conservative Party deputy leader Lisa Raitt, taking over 51% of the vote to Raitt's 36%. On September 15, 2021, Van Koeverden campaigned with former Liberal candidate Kevin Vuong, who days later was kicked out of the liberal party. In the 2021 federal election, Van Koeverden received over 51% of the vote defeating challenger Nadeem Akbar who carried just over 33% of the vote. Electoral record

See also

List of Canadian sports personalities

References

External links
<mask> Koeverden on Real Champions
Canoe09.ca profile
CanoeKayak Canada profile

Official website of <mask> Koeverden

21st-century Canadian politicians
1982 births
Canadian male canoeists
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Canadian people of Hungarian descent
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Canoeists from Toronto
Canoeists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Canoeists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Canoeists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships medalists in kayak
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Living people
Lou Marsh Trophy winners
McMaster University alumni
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic canoeists of Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in canoeing
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in canoeing
Sportspeople from Milton, Ontario
Sportspeople from Oakville, Ontario
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games

masks:
Adam Joseph van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Joe van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Adam van
Van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Van Koeverden
Adam van
Adam van


title: Charles Monck, 1st Viscount Monck

texts:
<mask>, 1st Viscount <mask>,  was born in 1754 and  died on 9 June 1802. He was the 1st son of Thomas Monck MP, by his wife Judith Mason, daughter of Robert Mason, of Mason Brook

He was MP for Gorey from 1790 to 1798. He gained the title of 1st Viscount Monck in 1801 as a reward for voting for the Act of Union (1800). He had already been created Baron <mask>, of Ballytrammon in the County of Wexford, in 1797, also in the Peerage of Ireland. Country seat
His country seat was Charleville House which overlooks a water meadow for the River Dargle, enjoying frontage onto the Killough River. The estate is located 3 km from the village of Enniskerry and 4 km from Powerscourt Waterfall. The <mask> family became owners of the estate in 1705.That was the year <mask> (the grandfather of the 1st Viscount) married Angela Hitchcock, an heiress. A fire in 1792 destroyed the original building. The Viscount commissioned the present structure and had it designed by Whitmore Davis. Building was not completed until 1830, the unduly long time occasioned by the 1798 rebellion. In 1797, the Viscount also built four identical lodges on the estate. He also built a terrace of houses in Upper Merrion Street, Dublin 2. Number 22 is known as "Monck House" while number 24 is known as Mornington House.Ancestors
<mask> of Iver, Buckinghamshire, admitted to Inner Temple in November 1579. He married Joan Hitchcock (died 10 October 1601). Their heir was
 <mask> of St. Stephen’s Green was appointed the Surveyor-General of all customs in Ireland in 1627. He married Elizabeth Blennerhassett (died before 15 June 1647),  the daughter of Sir John Blennerhassett, Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer  and his wife Ursula Duke. They had a daughter Elizabeth and a son,
 <mask> (born before 1626), who married Sarah Stanley on 1 May 1673. She was the daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Stanley of Grangegorman. They had seven sons and three daughters.He was attainted by King James II of England but restored to his estates by King William III of England. They had issue:
 <mask> of St. Stephen’s Green (died 2 August 1726), married Mary Molesworth (died in 1715), the daughter of Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth and Letitia Coote. They had two daughters and one son. The eldest daughter,
 <mask> who died in 1739. Henry Stanley <mask> of St. Stephen’s Green (the only son of George and Mary), who, like his great grandfather, was appointed the Surveyor-General of all customs. He died in 1745 having had two sons by Lady Sarah. His heir,
 George Paul <mask> who married Lady Araminta Beresford, the sixth daughter of Marcus, the Earl of Tyrone by whom he had issue.<mask> of St. Stephen’s Green
 <mask> of St. Stephen’s Green
 <mask> (baptised 11 June 1684 - died 20 February 1743) who married Joseph Kelly of Kellymount, Co. Kilkenny in June 1707. <mask> of the Middle Temple, London, who married Dorothy Bligh, daughter of Thomas Bligh of Rathmore, Co. Meath. <mask> who married John Forster, Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas (before 6 March 1707) and had three children, including Anne, who married George Berkeley, Bishop of Cloyne. <mask> of St. Stephen’s Green (who was the second son of Henry by Lady Sarah) (baptised 19 May 1678–1752) was called to the Irish bar. He married Agneta Hitchcock who was the daughter of Major Walter Hitchcock, on 23 October 1705. They had two sons, George and Thomas, as well as a daughter, Anne. <mask> of Charleville, County Wicklow, and of Grangegorman (died 16 December 1787) who married Lady Ann Isabella Bentinck on 8 November 1739.She was the daughter of Henry, 1st Duke of Portland. They had a son William Stanley who died aged 6 years. Their only surviving daughter and heir was
 Elizabeth (died 1815) who married George, Marquis of Waterford on 19 April 1769. <mask> of Kildare Street, Dublin (died 1772), the second son of <mask>. He married Judith Mason (died 14 October 1814), the daughter of Robert Mason of Mason-brook, County Galway on 15 October 1753. <mask> <mask> of Charleville, Co. Wicklow and of Grangegorman (born 1754, died 9 June 1802) who succeeded his uncle George in his estates. He was created Baron <mask> of Ballytrammon, County Wexford, 23 November 1797, and Viscount <mask> of Ballytrammon on 21 December 1800.Henry Stanley <mask>, Lieutenant 13th Regiment of Foot. Anne Isabella, who married, as his third wife, Sir Cornwallis Maude, later Viscount Hawarden on 3 June 1777. Rev. Thomas Stanley <mask> (born 1762 - died 4 March 1842). William Domville <mask> (born in 1763 - died August 1840). <mask> (died 4 November 1788)(the daughter of <mask> and  Agneta),  who married Henry Quin on 22 May 1750. They had issue
 Anne Quin who married the 1st Viscount, her cousin.Quoting from a history of north Dublin:
"The northern end of Stonybatter received its present name of Manor Street in 1780 from the Manor of Grangegorman in which it was situated. The Manor House is now the police barrack in that street. The owner of the Manor in the reign of <mask> II was Sir Thomas Stanley, from whom the short street called Stanley Street, off North Brunswick Street, is named. His daughter Sarah married in 1663 <mask>, grandfather of the first Lord Monck. To this family the estate passed, and their long association with the district is commemorated in such names as Monck Place, Royse Road, from the name of a family intermarried with the Moncks, Rathdown Road and Terrace, from the title of Earl of Rathdowne, enjoyed by one of the Viscounts Monck, and Charleville Road and Terrace and Enniskerry Road, from the name of their residence near Enniskerry, Co. Wicklow." Koi

Marriage and issue
He married in 1784 his cousin Anne Quin (or Quinn), the daughter of Henry Quin MD, of Dublin, by his wife <mask>, the first daughter of <mask>, of Grangegorman.Following her husband's death, Anne later married (before 1811) Sir John Craven Carden, 1st Baronet as the baronet's fourth wife. Anne dies 20 Dec 1823. The Viscount had issue:
 Anne Wilhelmina Monck
 <mask> (died 1830)
 <mask>, 2nd Viscount Monck (born 26 Jul 1785, died 20 Sep 1848)
 <mask>, 3rd Viscount Monck (born 12 Jul 1791, died 20 Apr 1849)

References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, 1st Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, the peerage.com
 all about the merrion: history, Merrion Hotel

1754 births
1802 deaths
Politicians from County Wicklow
19th-century Irish people
Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland
Peers of Ireland created by George III
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Wexford constituencies

masks:
Charles Stanley Monck
Monck
Monck
Monck
Charles Monck
Henry Monck
Charles Monck
Henry Monck
George Monck
Sarah Monck
Monck
Monck
Thomas Monck
Stanley Monck
Elizabeth Monck
William Monck
Rebecca Monck
Charles Monck
George Monck
Thomas Monck
Charles
Charles Stanley
Monck
Monck
Monck
Monck
Monck
Monck
Anne Monck
Charles
Charles
Henry Monck
Anne Monck
Charles Monck
Isabella Monck
Henry Monck
Charles Monck
Charles Stanley
Monck


title: Nash the Slash

texts:
James Jeffrey "Jeff" Plewman (March 26, 1948 – May 10, 2014), better known by his stage name <mask> the Slash, was a Canadian musician. A multi-instrumentalist, he was known primarily for playing the electric violin and mandolin, as well as the harmonica, keyboards, glockenspiel, and other instruments (sometimes described as "devices" on album notes). <mask> worked as a solo artist beginning in 1975; founding the progressive rock band FM in 1976. Soon after releasing the band's first album, Black Noise, in 1977, he left the band; he resumed his solo career in 1978 (it was not until after <mask>'s departure that the album was widely promoted, eventually charting and receiving a gold record award). He rejoined FM from 1983 to 1988, followed by a brief reunion from 1994 to 1996, all concurrent with his solo work. <mask>'s music covers an eclectic range, varying from instrumental—mood-setting music, to rock and pop music with vocals. In addition to giving concert performances, he has composed and performed soundtrack music for silent films, presenting these works live in movie theatres to accompany screenings of the films.Another venue for his music is in performances to accompany the viewing of paintings by surrealist painter Robert Vanderhorst, an audiovisual collaboration, which took place in 1978 and again in 2004. <mask> famously never allowed guitars on any of his solo albums and singles. He turned down Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour's offer to lay down a guitar track on his album Children of the Night. <mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario. He performed with surgical bandages covering his face starting in 1979. "During a gig at The Edge in the late 1970s to raise awareness of the threat from the Three Mile Island disaster, he walked on stage wearing bandages dipped in phosphorus paint and exclaimed: 'Look, this is what happens to you.' The bandages became his trademark."Prior to 1979, <mask> performed three times on TV Ontario's Nightmusic Concert, first as a solo artist (a live broadcast which was never re-aired), then with FM (<mask> and Cameron Hawkins), and again as a solo artist. In all of these appearances <mask> wore his typical black tuxedo, top hat, and dark sunglasses, but not his signature bandages. He was also photographed in this attire for a profile in the Toronto Star, published April 28, 1978. In later years, he attempted to keep his true identity the subject of some speculation, although the Star profile of 1978 had already matter-of-factly revealed his real name. Nevertheless, in a 1981 interview with the UK magazine Smash Hits, <mask> was questioned about his real name, and replied with "Nashville Thebodiah Slasher". As a result of his coyness about his name, some fans came to believe that the <mask> persona was an alter-ego of Ben Mink, who replaced him as FM's violinist in 1978. This is a common misconception, but he has been photographed onstage with Mink.The "<mask> the Slash" persona came from silent film, and <mask> said he took his stage name from that of a killer butler encountered by Laurel and Hardy in one of their first films, Do Detectives Think? (1927), for which he composed a soundtrack score. (The film character's name is actually "The Tipton Slasher"; nowhere on screen does "<mask> the Slash" appear.) Images of <mask> the Slash are featured in a variety of murals painted by artist Jungle Ling in Toronto. These images are located in the Leslieville district, next to a TD Bank at Queen St. East and Logan Avenue and below Queen St. East on Connaught Avenue, as part of a neighborhood beautification project conducted by the Toronto Transit Commission. <mask>'s music is a complex blend of progressive rock, New Wave, new age, and punk rock, using electric mandolins, violins, drums machines, and a variety of effects and sonic devices. He wrote, played, and produced most of the material on his solo albums by himself, though he also worked with producers Daniel Lanois, Steve Hillage, and Bill Nelson.First group
Before working as a solo artist, <mask> recorded an unreleased song called "Slasher" with a group called Breathless, which also included his (and FM's) future producer, Michael Waite on bass guitar. The song appeared on a "various artists" promotional album titled Concept (after the Toronto-based management company, Concept 376; this was one of a series of such albums), but was not issued to the public in any form. The promo album does not list the group's personnel, or even a songwriting credit, but <mask> is clearly heard singing a song, beginning with the lyrics "Hear the children of the night" (though this was a completely different song from his later work, "Children of the Night"), and playing electric violin. The song also featured a complex organ solo not in <mask>'s usual style (nor that of Cameron Hawkins, his bandmate in FM). First solo career and film work
<mask>'s first solo performance and live presentation of music to film occurred when he played his soundtrack to Luis Buñuel's silent film Un chien andalou (1929) at The Original 99 Cent Roxy Theatre in Toronto on March 17, 1975. Silent film composition
He also composed music for other classic silent films including Nosferatu (1922) and The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920). When performing soundtracks, <mask> would appear on stage beside the screen (using his own projection screen when a full theatre screen is not available), the same format he uses when performing concerts.He has also composed scores for modern Canadian films Roadkill (1990) and Highway 61 (1991), both directed by Bruce McDonald. His other movie score and soundtrack work included the short film “A Trip Around Lake Ontario(1985), The Kidnapping of the President (1980), Black Pearls (1989), and Blood and Donuts (1995). During this time, <mask> made his first appearance on record, on David Pritchard's solo album Nocturnal Earthworm Stew (1976), with a short solo track titled "Nash Metropolitan" (named after <mask>), and on an improvised piece with Pritchard and drummer Martin Deller (with whom he would later work in FM). He also appeared on the live TV-Ontario program Nightmusic (before its change in format, where it became Nightmusic Concert); in this incarnation, the show was a televised version of an FM radio show hosted by disc jockey Reiner Schwarz, and had not previously featured a live performer. <mask> claimed he was both the first and last musical artist to appear on the show. Work with FM
After working as a solo artist for a year, <mask> formed the group FM in 1976, initially as a duo with Cameron Hawkins; drummer Martin Deller was added later. The group began recording in July 1976, though no performances in its duo format were issued at the time.However, they did appear on television and in live concerts, beginning in November 1976. In 1977, with Deller added to the group, they recorded the album Black Noise, which received a gold record award. It was listed as one of the "Top 50 Prog Rock Albums" by Rolling Stone magazine. By the end of 1977, <mask> had left FM, and resumed his solo career starting with another television appearance on Nightmusic Concert on February 28, 1978. <mask> rejoined FM from 1983 to 1989, and again from 1994 to 1996. During these years, he recorded a further three albums with the group. FM also recorded three albums during <mask>'s absence (1977 to 1980), with Ben Mink as his replacement.Late 1970s and 1980
<mask> had intended to restart his solo career in 1978 with a new album featuring all the music from his Nightmusic Concert TV special, plus his soundtrack for Un chien andalou, but found the sound quality of a test pressing to be unsatisfactory, so he issued a four-song 12-inch EP titled Bedside Companion instead, on his own label, Cut-throat Records, which he continued to operate for the rest of his life. A full album, Dreams and Nightmares with the rest of the Nightmusic material, the soundtrack, and a few new songs, appeared the following year. All music from these records was instrumental, and both are now available on one CD titled Blind Windows which also includes the 45 rpm EP playing at 33 rpm as the "Marsden versions", a joking reference to disc jockey David Marsden who mistakenly played the entire record at the wrong speed on radio when it was released. Also in 1979, <mask> thanked Toronto radio station CFNY-FM for their support of his music, by playing electric violin on the station's theme song, which was recorded by various disc jockeys of the station in a strange blend of new wave and country music. It was released as "Working on the Radio" by the 102.1 Band, as a single on Ready Records. The B-side has an extended version with a longer solo by <mask>, who is not credited on the cover. <mask>'s solo career up to this point had only a small cult following, due to his working exclusively as an instrumentalist.His next record, a 1980 single featuring a cover version of Jan and Dean's "Dead Man's Curve" with vocals, propelled him to greater public recognition. The B-side, "Swing Shift (Souixante-Neuf)" also featured vocals, and was co-composed with lyricist Toby Dammit, with whom <mask> further collaborated over the next few years. Music videos were made for both songs. <mask> also played on three songs by Toronto group Drastic Measures for their self-titled album, including violins on their signature tune, a cover version of the children's song, "The Teddy Bears' Picnic". <mask>'s label, Cut-throat Records, later issued a single by the group, the only other artist to appear on his label, although <mask> was not involved in its recording. <mask>'s later soundtrack album for Highway 61 includes tracks by Tony Malone, the lead singer for Drastic Measures. <mask> was invited by Gary Numan to tour the UK as his support act in 1980 and 1981, and subsequently played on Numan's 1981 LP Dance.He also toured Europe with The Tubes. He was signed to the Dindisc label and in 1981, he released the album Children of the Night in Europe, also released in Canada shortly after. Several British singles were also issued. These records appeared on the Dindisc / Cut-throat label in Europe and on Virgin /

masks:
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Identity Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Career Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash Metropolitan
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash