title: Edmond Cotter

texts:
Col<mask> (12 February 1852 – 23 August 1934) was an Irish Republican, who played for the Royal Engineers in the 1872 FA Cup Final. As a soldier, he was engaged in four military campaigns: the Ashanti campaign of 1873–74, the Zhob Valley Expedition of 1884, the Nile Expedition of 1884–85 and the Burma Expedition of 1887–88. At the end of his career, he was briefly involved with the United Irish movement. <mask> was born in Valletta, Malta, the second of three children born to <mask> (1823–1882) and his first wife Jane Maria née Hickey (1830–1857). <mask> was a career soldier who had enlisted in the 3rd Foot 'The Buffs' aged 17 in 1840. At the time of <mask>'s birth, <mask> was a sergeant. During the Crimean War (1853–1856), he was promoted to Colour Sergeant and Acting Adjt.Major, before further promotion in the field to Lieutenant in February 1856. This promotion was made permanent on 3 March 1858. He was promoted to Captain on 5 January 1870 and retired on 1 July 1881. While serving with the 2nd Battalion, The Buffs in Malta in 1858, Adjutant <mask>, not wanting to be shown up in front of the 21st Royal (North British) Fusiliers, spurred his men on with the words: "Steady, the Buffs! The Fusiliers are watching you", thus originating the expression, "Steady, the Buffs!". Education
<mask> was educated at St Munchin's College in Limerick, Ireland followed by the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich from 1868 to 1871. Football career
<mask> represented the RMA at association football, before joining the Royal Engineers.<mask> played as a forward and "revelled in rushes and scrimmages". In November 1871, the Royal Engineers were among fifteen teams who entered the inaugural FA Cup competition; after victories over Hitchin (5–0), Hampstead Heathens (3–0) and Crystal Palace (3–0 after a replay), the Engineers met Wanderers, the top amateur club of the day, in the first FA Cup Final, played at Kennington Oval on 16 March 1872, which the Engineers lost 1–0, to a goal from Morton Betts. <mask> was also a good cricketer who played for the Royal Engineers in 1873 and made one appearance for Warwickshire in 1877. Military career
<mask> graduated from RMA Woolwich and joined the Royal Engineers as a Lieutenant on 2 August 1871. Fellow graduates on the same day were two of his fellow FA Cup finalists, Alfred Goodwyn and Herbert Muirhead, as well as Richard Ruck, who played in the 1875 FA Cup Final. <mask> was promoted to Captain twelve years later. <mask> received further promotions, to Major on 18 January 1890 and to Lieutenant-Colonel on 1 October 1897, becoming a full Colonel on 1 October 1901.<mask> was based at Chatham between August 1871 and November 1873, when he was posted to the Gold Coast under General Garnet Wolseley, where he served in the Ashanti campaign, including the Defence of Quarman during the Battle of Amoaful where he was part of a rearguard force to the main action. <mask> was awarded the Ashantee Medal with the Coomassie clasp. <mask> returned to England with his regiment in March 1874, before being posted to India in November 1874, where he was an assistant engineer, returning to England in July 1876. Between January 1878 and March 1880, he was based in Gibraltar, returning to England where he was based in Portsmouth and then Ireland until December 1883, when he was again posted to India. In 1884, he was part of the Zhob Valley Expedition, where he was in command of the 4th Company, Bengal Sappers & Miners under Brigadier-General Sir Oriel Tanner. <mask> returned to Chatham in February 1885, but his stay was short-lived and in April he was posted to Egypt where he served in the Nile Expedition of 1884–85. He was a station officer at Aswan and Shellal manning the lines of communication, before becoming the District R.E.Officer with the Frontier Field Force under Major General Francis Grenfell. In October 1885, he returned to India until February 1891, during which time he served with the Burma Field Force Sappers & Miners in the Burma Expedition of 1887–88, for which he was awarded the India General Service Medal with clasp. He was posted back to England in 1891, where he was based in Norwich until September 1892, when he was again posted to Egypt for five years. He spent the last five years of his military service in Ireland based at Cork. On 8 November 1897, The Times reported that Lt. Col. E W <mask> was appointed Commanding R.E., Cork District following his promotion. <mask> was reduced to half-pay in October 1902, and retired on £450 per year on 12 October 1904. The family report that in the army, <mask> acquired the nickname '<mask>' for his terrible temper and that his servants would hide if they heard him approaching.Irish Republicanism
During his posting at Cork, it is reported that <mask> "became keenly and publicly interested in the United Irish movement, embarrassing relations serving in HM Forces when visiting them on board HM Ships". In 1915, <mask> travelled to Dublin to work for the Irish Volunteers alongside Col. George Moore. Described by Bulmer Hobson as "an Irishman whose people had been in the British Army for several generations" and "a delightful old man, a man of first-rate ability", <mask> attempted to organise the Irish Volunteers on military lines. Another witness to the Irish Bureau of Military History, Diarmuid Coffey, described <mask> as "an elderly... idealistic nationalist (who) had commuted part of his pension in order to come over to Dublin and work for the Volunteers. He had a weak heart and was somewhat impulsive and excitable". <mask> was appointed Chief of Staff under Moore, with Hobson and John Fitzgibbon as fellow members of the military staff. <mask>'s time with the Irish Volunteers was short-lived, however, and he returned to England after three months when he ran out of funds to support himself, refusing offers of help, not wishing to be "a charge on the movement in any way".In his statement, Coffey said of <mask>:He should be remembered as a great-hearted Irish gentleman who sacrificed his health and a large portion of the little money he had to serve his country but, unfortunately, owing to age and temperament was unable to make the mark which his intentions and devotion deserved. Wife and children
<mask> married Jessie Tyeth Frost (1855–1937) on 8 October 1876 at St Stephen's by Saltash, Saltash, Cornwall. The couple had five children:
Isabella Maud <mask> (born 1877)
<mask> <mask>  (1879–1934)
John Luis <mask> (1880–1949)
Phebe <mask> (1882–1963)
Jessie Mary <mask> (1884–1962)

Death
Cotter died at Cranleigh Road, Bournemouth on 23 August 1934. References

Bibliography

External links
<mask> and the Easter Rising

1852 births
1934 deaths
Association football forwards
FA Cup Final players
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich
Irish association footballers (before 1923)
People educated at St Munchin's College
People from Valletta
Royal Engineers A.F.C. players
Royal Engineers officers

masks:
. Edmond William Cotter
Family Cotter
John Cotter
John Cotter
Edmond
John Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Terror Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Cotter
Edmond Brian
Cotter
Cotter
Kathleen Cotter
Elsie Cotter
Edmond Cotter


title: Afshin Ellian

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 27 February 1966 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian-Dutch professor of law, philosopher, poet, and critic of political Islam. He is an expert in international public law and philosophy of law. Biography
In 1989, <mask> came to the Netherlands as a political refugee. Having experienced first-hand the Islamic theocratic government of Iran, he writes often about how such issues are affecting the world in general and the Netherlands in particular. Due to threats on his life tied to such criticism, he is currently heavily guarded. <mask> grew up in Iran. As a youngster, he learned the profession of journalism with one of the most prominent journalists of Iran.He was a freelance journalist for Iranian political magazines aimed at youth. During the Iranian Revolution 1978-1979 he became, like many youngsters of his age, a supporter of the Fedayan-e Khalq-e Iran. After the revolution, however, there came a split in this party. Many followers become adherents of either the majority branch of this party or supporters of the Tudeh Party of Iran. <mask> became both a member of the Tudeh Party of Iran and active with the Youth Organization of Tudeh Party of Iran. It is worth noting that the Islamic regime prohibited and suppressed all political parties and activities which were not aligned with it after the Revolution. This meant that also <mask> was in danger of being arrested which, hence, led him to go underground and finally to escape the country.He decided to escape to Pakistan. However, there he still faced extradition back to Iran thus shortly afterwards he fled to  Afghanistan where already a community of intellectuals and activists from Iran had gathered. There he met Siavash Kasraie who was also a member of the Tudeh Party of Iran and from whom he learned poetry. Besides he studied medicine for few years in the capital, Kabul. Slowly on an ideological struggle occurred between him and the leaders of the Tudeh Party in Kabul who were, in <mask>'s point of view, Stalinist figures which was reason enough for him and few of his friends to break up with the Tudeh Party of Iran. In the fall of 1987, he decided to seek asylum with the Permanent Representative of the United Nations in Kabul whereupon, in 1989, he was invited to come to the Netherlands and was flown out of the country by the United Nations together with other dissidents who were also in danger. Ian Buruma, among others, accuses <mask> of misrepresentation.On the other hand, Ibn Warraq asserts “Buruma gets these basic facts upside down. <mask> never misrepresented his identity or his past, nor did he arrive in the Netherlands under false pretenses”. Spuriousness of such allegations is, for instance, also asserted by others like J. Hoeksma who, as part of the legal staff of the Dutch representation of the UNHCR at the time, also confirms the opposite of the aforementioned allegations. The same grievances have been brought to the fore by, among others, <mask> himself and Frits Bolkestein due to which Buruma was, together with his publisher “Publishing House Penguin”, forced to make many changes and removals in later editions of his book. Other prominent persons defending the truthfulness of <mask>'s case include the Nobel Prize winner of Literature Mario Vargas Llosa. In the Netherlands <mask> started his studies of law at the Catholic University of Brabant (now the University of Tilburg). In 1996, he graduated with a degree in international public law, criminal law, and philosophy.He remained in Brabant as a researcher until he found a position with the Amsterdam Center for International Law, of the University of Amsterdam. He obtained a PhD from the University of Tilburg in 2003, The title of his doctoral dissertation is: "A Investigation into the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa". In this research he focused on the political transition sparked by the South-African Truth and Reconciliation Commission; questions pertaining to both international criminal law and legal philosophy. Central in his research stood the question: “why did the South Africans opt for a tribunal and the possibility of amnesty instead of a criminal tribunal that could try and punish the crimes of the past?”. It is worth to bring to attention for those who are interested in this topic that a further reading on this can be found in a later academic book wherein he has contributed by means of his article titled “Political Transition to a Democratic Regime: The South African Echoes of Forgiveness, Truth Commission and Negotiating Justice”. In his aforementioned research, he concluded that the commission was an acceptable tribunal worthy of international respect. In 2003 he became an associated professor of jurisprudence, and since 2005 he is a full professor at the law faculty of the University of Leiden.Since 2012 he is the academic director of the Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law at the law faculty of Leiden. <mask> was a regular columnist for NRC Handelsblad, and makes appearances on political discussion programs on Dutch television. <mask> writes articles for the magazine Elsevier but also for international magazines and newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal, Le Monde, and Le Figaro. Following the 2009 Iranian presidential election, <mask> wrote an open letter to Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran. The letter was published by German magazine Der Spiegel, Le Monde, The Wall Street Journal, and Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad. Der Spiegel subtitled the letter "Your Regime Is Finished" (not a direct quote from <mask>), while NRC Handelsblad subtitled it "The children of the revolution will accept the ayatollah's rule no more". It is inevitable to bear in mind that <mask> <mask> is also a prominent defender of the Freedom of Speech.For the most recent publication reference can be made to the book “The State of Exception and Militant Democracy in a Time of Terror”. Quotes

"The extremists are afraid that if Dutch society becomes a safe haven for an intellectual discussion of political Islam, it will be very dangerous for them"
"Free speech is in danger of being increasingly restricted by invoking “Islamophobia” and “racism”. And some intellectuals have already capitulated. For example, the opera Aisha was called off in Rotterdam in 2001, because the wife of the Prophet was depicted on stage. The production had to be cancelled because a number of actresses felt threatened. Recently a columnist on the national daily NRC Handelsblad, Hasna el Maroudi was forced to abandon her column because of threats of violence from the Moroccan community. What has happened to civil courage?Why do we hear nothing from the publishers, artists, media and colleagues of people who have capitulated about the consequences of this voluntary capitulation? We should expect civil courage not only from those who are threatened, but also from those around them, their publishers, producers, colleagues, etc." "Five years ago, my Afghan sister-in-law emigrated to the United States, where she now works, pays taxes and takes part in public life. If she had turned up in Europe, she would still be undergoing treatment from social workers for her trauma—and she still wouldn't have got a job or won acceptance as a citizen." In an open letter to Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran:
"Excellency, the demonstrations attest that the people of Iran, the children of the revolution, will accept your rule no more. Your regime is no longer able to exercise sovereignty over the Iranian people without the recourse to violence -- extreme violence. I urge you to recognize that Iran is now undeniably at a crossroads: Either the will of the people is accepted and a peaceful transition to democracy is achieved or you plan to respond to these protests by launching a bloodbath, which will cause unprecedented chaos in Iran.Ask yourself: Can a regime, hated and rejected by a huge majority of the population, transform itself into a democratic administration that recognizes the rule of law? Has it ever in history been possible for a political transition to take place peacefully and without the shedding of blood?" Bibliography
 Brieven van een Pers ()
 Allah Weet het Niet Beter ()
 Media en Strafrecht (co-author)
 Verrijzenis van woorden (poetry)
 Mensenherfst (poetry)
 “Political Islam and the Attack on Religious Freedom”. Telos 145 (Winter 2008). New York: Telos Press. References

External links

 Elsevier, host of the duo-blog of Ellian and De Winter. 1966 births
Former Muslim critics of Islam
University of Amsterdam faculty
Dutch atheists
Dutch former Shia Muslims
Dutch male poets
20th-century Dutch philosophers
21st-century Dutch philosophers
Iranian atheists
Iranian emigrants to the Netherlands
Iranian former Shia Muslims
Iranian philosophers
Iranian poets
Living people
Writers from Tehran
Former Muslims turned agnostics or atheists
Dutch critics of Islam
Tilburg University alumni

masks:
Afshin Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Ellian
Afshin
Ellian


title: René Clermont

texts:
<mask> (14 November 1921 – 24 October 1994) was a French stage and film actor as well as a playwright. (by Pierre Chevalier) - Romano
1956: La Foire aux femmes (by Jean Stelli) - Gros-Jésus
1956: Alerte au deuxième bureau (by Jean Stelli)
1957: Le Grand Bluff (by Patrice Dally) - Un inventeur
1957: La Peau de l'ours (by Claude Boissol) - Le directeur du labo
1958: Police judiciaire (by Maurice de Canonge) - Un inspecteur (uncredited)
1960: La Dragée haute (by Jean Kerchner)
1961: Napoléon II, l'aiglon (by Claude Boissol)
1962: Le Diable et les Dix Commandements (by Julien Duvivier, sketch : Un seul dieu tu adoreras) - Le père / The father (segment "Un seul Dieu tu adoreras")
1962: Sundays and Cybele (by Serge Bourguignon) - Le facteur
1963: Carom Shots (by Marcel Bluwal) - Frépillon
1966: Who Are You, Polly Maggoo?


title: Mieke Buchan

texts:
<mask> (pronounced me-ka) is an Australian television and radio presenter, writer and producer, born in Brisbane (Australia). She has covered major events including: The Olympics, the US Open Tennis, 5 Super Bowls, Formula One, the Red Bull Air Race World Championship and the Oscars. She has worked for American and Australian television networks, including FOX Sport America, ESPN, SBS and Encore Movie Networks. Early life
After growing up in the leafy northern suburbs of Sydney, Australia, she majored in Film and Television Production in her BA Communications degree at University of Technology, Sydney, and also competed in netball in the Australian University Games. Career

1999
Buchan became widely known in Australia for hosting the weekend edition of SBS One's Toyota World Sport, as well as appearing on various other sports, travel and entertainment shows on Fox Sports, Network Ten (Beauty and the Beast) and the National Geographic Channel (Sports Sunday). Along with anchoring Toyota World Sport, her work at SBS included daily updates for their FIFA World Cup coverage, and hosting breaking international soccer news and results on football programs The World Game and On the Ball. Mieke also wrote, produced and presented the weekly sports series, Australian Horse Sports for SBS.(In 1998, Buchan got her first taste of live radio, at FBI radio, hosting a weekly pop-culture show, and then hosted the breakfast slot at Telstra's Basement.com.au live streaming music station (1999–2002).) 2000
Mieke hosted several shows for Fox8 In Australia (2000–2002), including Entertainment Extra (for which she interviewed Anthony Hopkins, Susan Sarandon, Ashton Kutcher, Pierce Brosnan, Matt Damon and others). She also presented short-form travel series Postcards from Paradise, Chain Reaction, and co-hosted national survey special, Are You Good in Bed?. Buchan also worked the red carpet for Foxtel's coverage of the Aria Awards, with Molly Meldrum. Despite not appearing on a prime-time free-to-air program, Buchan managed to earn a Logie Nomination in the viewer voted 'Most Popular New Female' category, in 2002. Sports Sunday for National Geographic allowed Mieke to not only host, but also produce, cast and write this 8 part short-form series. 2003–2008
Between 2003 and 2008 Buchan lived and worked in Los Angeles, where she continued to cover the world's largest sports and entertainment events on networks including ABC, ESPN, Fox Sports Net, Encore, and the Tennis Channel.Buchan also co-wrote and presented weekly film review show, Previews  for The Soundtrack Channel, for over 5 years (250+ episodes). Her work with STC included several network specials, such as her feature interview with Kevin Costner at the Hollywood Sunset Ranch for the special edition release of "Out On the Range". She was presenter/host of the Pro-Am Poker Equalizer (ABC/ESPN), Celebrity Poker Pro-Am, and Poker at the Plaza (both for Fox Sports). Buchan was a correspondent on sports interview series, Head to Head, also for Fox Sports, and appeared on the network as a correspondent on nightly sports talk show, Best Damn Sports Show. During this time, Buchan was also the on-field correspondent for five Super Bowls, for her home network of SBS, back in Australia. Encore Channels also hired Mieke to host their annual movie awards specials. 2004
In 2004, <mask> was announced as the face of the new American network, Tennis Channel.In addition to live, major event broadcasting duties, <mask> helmed international sports-travel series, Destination. This saw her road-testing the best sports resorts in the world, while diving into the best food and wine each region had to offer. Locations included Austria, Switzerland, Spain, Andalucia, New York, South Carolina, Thailand, Montreal, Cabo San Lucas, Australia, Carmel .. and many more. Destination was produced for the Tennis Channel and distributed to sports networks all over the world. She also hosted the ATP/WTA Awards nights specials, The US Open Players Party specials and tournament location travel specials such as "Off the Strip with Mieke <mask>". During this time Mieke developed a reputation as an intuitive and powerful interviewer. Her interviewees include Serena Williams, Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Martina Navratilova and Maria Sharapova.When Buchan was not on the road, she volunteered she at Indie MTV station, M+TV, where she produced and hosted the live 3 hour viewer request show V2R. Based in East LA, this network reached into the local community to support local musicians and performers, and train young people in disadvantaged neighbourhoods in practical media skills. Something Buchan is especially passionate about. 2008
Early 2008, Buchan moved her home-base to London. Over the following year and a half, she hosted the Red Bull Air Race World Series for Fox Sports America, in locations that included Budapest (Hungary), Porto (Portugal), and London. She also continued to host and co-produce Tennis Channel's Destination as it travelled throughout locations including Switzerland, Austria, Spain and Thailand. 2009–2011
In mid-2009 she returned to Australia to co-host The Hot Breakfast radio show with Eddie McGuire on Triple M in Melbourne, until August 2011.During this time, Buchan also hosted Australian road-trip travel series, Making Tracks. The series aired nationally on Channel 10, on Saturday afternoons. During this period, she was a weekly segment contributor on Channel 10 morning show Dave and Kim, in which she debated and discussed the topical news stories of the day. 2012–2015
Buchan co-hosted BigPond's sports panel chat show SportsFan Clubhouse, with Bill Woods, Matt Bourke, Brad Fittler and special guests from the world of international and Australian sports. This aired live Monday - Thursday, 8pm. She also became a weekly contributor to the Channel Seven's Morning Show 'Buzz" segment, in which she again shared views and opinions on the topical news stories of the day. In August 2012 Buchan opened the doors of TV and online content production company, Randomonium Pictures (www.randomonium.com.au).This collective of media professionals produced and directed TV and online projects for a range of travel, banking, technology and sports clients. The doors closed in 2017 when Buchans talkback radio commitments took over. 2013
Big Pond Movies appointed Buchan as the host of their movie preview and interview programming. Her first interview was with Thor's Tom Hiddleston (Loki) for the release of Thor: The Dark World. Other interviewees include; Chris Hemsworth, Dwayne Johnson, and Kit Harrington from Game of Thrones. Mieke also joined the cast of ABC Grandstand's quirky podcast series, "The Left Field". 2016
From 2016 she began contributing to Bill Wood's 2UE radio Drive program in a sports segment called "Buchan the Trend"

2017
Mieke joined Macquarie Radio on a more regular basis, contributing to 2UE'/Talking Lifestyle and filling as a co-host on Drive.In the Summer of 2017-2018 She co-hosted 5 weeks of Breakfast radio on the network with Rob Duckworth. She also co-hosted Summer Saturday with Mark Levy on 2GB/4BC. 2018
2UE/Talking Lifestyle became Macquarie Sports Radio and Buchan was offered the Monday to Friday Afternoon show hosting role. She co-hosted midday-4pm for the following 9 months and then moved to midday-2pm Monday to Friday + Saturday Mornings 7am - 1pm. These programs were loosely based around sports news and events but also highlighted Mieke's trademark humour and off-the-cuff style. She also co-hosted several weeks of Summer Breakfast and Drive throughout the year. In August 2018 she did an outside broadcast while running the Sydney City to Surf fun run.2019
Mieke's co-hosting/producing role at Macquarie Sports Radio continued, plus she joined the 2GB/4BC Afternoons show with Steve Price as a daily contributor. She also appeared as a guest contributor on programs including Channel Ten's "The Project" and 3AW Drive with Tom Elliot. Macquarie Sports Radio was taken over by Nine Radio in December 2019 at which time Mieke left the network. 2020
Buchan founded community-focussed media advisory and content creation collective "The Get Good" www.thegetgood.com - while working on her Psychology degree at the University of Tasmania. She is regularly called up to ghost-write speeches for prominent community and sporting figures. Throughout her career, Mieke has continued her work as a contract brand and media consultant, an area she specialised in prior to TV and radio broadcasting. She has produced major national and international branded content projects and has assisted numerous community and charity groups (including The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and the McGrath Foundation) with their communication and campaign needs.Awards and nominations

In 2003, she was nominated for a Logie Award in the Most Popular New Talent (Female) category. References

External links

Australian television personalities
Women television personalities
Women sports announcers
Australian people of Canadian descent
Australian people of Dutch descent
University of Technology Sydney alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Mieke Buchan
Mieke
Buchan
Buchan


title: Hakeem Dawodu

texts:
<mask> (born July 2, 1991) is a Canadian mixed martial artist, currently signed to Ultimate Fighting Championship and fights in the Featherweight division. He previously competed for the World Series of Fighting. Early life
<mask> was born in Calgary to a mother from Nigeria and a father from Jamaica. When he was six years old, his father was deported, forcing his mother to raise him on her own. He had a troubled childhood; he was first placed in a juvenile detention center at the age of 14. Two years later, his counselor placed him in Muay Thai training as a means of controlling his anger. Mixed martial arts career
His background is in Muay Thai, where he went 42–5 (15 KOs) as an amateur and 9–0 (7 KOs) as a pro.World Series of Fighting
On February 21, 2014, <mask> made his professional debut at WSOF Canada 1 against Behrang Yousefi. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. On June 7, 2014, <mask> faced Jake Macdonald at WSOF Canada 2. He won the fighting via knockout in the second round. On October 11, 2014, <mask> faced Mike Malott at WSOF 14. He won via technical knockout due to punches and elbows in the first round. On February 11, 2015, <mask> faced Tristan Johnson at WSOF 18.He won via technical knockout in the third round. On June 5, 2015, <mask> faced Chuka Willis at WSOF 21. He won via technical knockout due to knees and punches in the second round. On December 18, 2015, <mask> faced Marat Magomedov at WSOF 26. The fight ended in a majority draw. On July 30, 2016, <mask> faced Marat Magomedov at WSOF 32 in a rematch. He won the fight via technical knockout in the second round.On March 18, 2017, <mask> faced UFC vet Steven Siler at WSOF 35. He won the fight via unanimous decision, this marked the first time he gained victory by decision. Ultimate Fighting Championship
On November 11, 2017, it was announced that <mask> signed a four fight deal with the UFC. <mask> faced Danny Henry on March 17, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 127. He lost the fight via submission in the fight's opening minute. <mask> faced Austin Arnett on July 28, 2018 at UFC on Fox 30. He won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> faced Kyle Bochniak on December 8, 2018 at UFC 231. <mask> won the fight via split decision. <mask> faced promotional newcomer Yoshinori Horie on July 27, 2019 at UFC 240 He won the fight via knockout in round three. This win earned him the Performance of the Night award. <mask> faced Julio Arce on November 2, 2019 at UFC 244. He won the fight by split decision. <mask> faced Zubaira Tukhugov on September 27, 2020 at UFC 253.Tukhugov missed weight, and was subsequently fined a percentage of his purse, which will go to <mask>. <mask> won by split decision. <mask> was expected to face Shane Burgos on January 24, 2021 at UFC 257. However, <mask> was forced to withdraw from the bout, citing shoulder injury.' <mask> faced Movsar Evloev on June 12, 2021 at UFC 263. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Michael Trizano on February 5, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 200.He won the fight via unanimous decision. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2012-09-11|| Loss ||align=left| Igor Liubchenko || IFMA World Championships 2012, -63.5kg Semi Final || Saint Petersburg, Russia || Decision (Split)  || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2012-09-10|| Win||align=left| Awad Jawid || IFMA World Championships 2012, -63.5kg Quarter Final || Saint Petersburg, Russia || Decision   || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2012-09-08|| Win||align=left| Cezary Zugaj || IFMA World Championships 2012, -63.5kg First Round || Saint Petersburg, Russia || KO || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2012-03-10|| Win||align=left| Sebastian Calvo ||  Challenger MuayThai Series Challenger 6 || Calgary, Canada || Decision (Unanimous)|| 5 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2011-03-12|| Loss ||align=left| Aganes Safaryan || IFMA European Cup, -63.5kg Final || Dresden, Germany || Decision (Split) || 3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2011-03-12|| Win||align=left| Steffen Weise || IFMA European Cup, -63.5kg Semi Final || Dresden, Germany || Decision || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2011-03-11|| Win||align=left| Yevgen Trofymov || IFMA European Cup, -63.5kg Quarter Final || Dresden, Germany || Decision || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2011-02-04|| Win ||align=left| Karl Pearson || Ringmasters || Calgary, Canada || TKO (Corner Stoppage) || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-12-04|| Win||align=left| Soufiane Taaouati || IFMA World Championship 2010, Final  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-12-03|| Win||align=left| Ramil Novruzov  || IFMA World Championship 2010, Semi Final  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-12-01|| Win||align=left| Kaplan Abukov  || IFMA World Championship 2010, Quarter Final  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-11-30|| Win||align=left| Willie Rewi  || IFMA World Championship 2010, Second Round  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-11-28|| Win||align=left| Zhang Dezheng || IFMA World Championship 2010, First Round  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-07-24|| Win ||align=left| Corey Springer || 2010 IKF World Classic, Final || Orlando, Florida, United States || TKO  || 2 || 1:58
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-07-24|| Win ||align=left| Joshua Hill || 2010 IKF World Classic, Semi Final || Orlando, Florida, United States || TKO  || 2 || 1:24
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-07-23|| Win ||align=left| Trevor Morgan || 2010 IKF World Classic, Quarter Final || Orlando, Florida, United States || Decision (Unanimous)  || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-07-23|| Win ||align=left| Lance Garza || 2010 IKF World Classic, Preliminary Round || Orlando, Florida, United States || TKO  || 1 || 1:03
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of Canadian UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Canadian male mixed martial artists
Canadian kickboxers
Canadian Muay Thai practitioners
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Sportspeople from Calgary
Canadian sportspeople of Jamaican descent
Canadian sportspeople of Nigerian descent
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Black Canadian mixed martial artists

masks:
Hakeem Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu
Dawodu


title: Archibald Lochry

texts:
Colonel <mask> (15 April 173324 August 1781) was a colonial American military officer whose command ended in disaster when he and nearly every member of his force were killed or captured by Mohawk forces led by George Girty, the brother of Simon Girty, and Chief Joseph Brant. This skirmish is famously known in early American history as <mask>'s Defeat. Biography
<mask> was born 15 April 1733 at Octarano Settlement, started 1717, Chester Lancaster County Province of Pennsylvania to Jeremiah Loughry and Mary Murphy. Jeremiah born C.1700 Armagh came to Pennsylvania before 1725, Deed: Chester Co. 3/1725. The family first settled in Lancaster County. In 1737 they moved to York (Adams) where with four others bought 5000 acres known as "Carrolls Delight". About 1775, <mask> married Mary Erwin.(This may have been his second marriage, the first being in 1756). The <mask> family became prominent in Pennsylvania and <mask> was one of the strongest men in Westmoreland County. He also successfully acquired large tracts of land, which he used to support his fellow settlers. The colonists on the Pennsylvania frontier had been vulnerable to attack by Shawnee, Delaware, and Sandusky Indians, necessitating a blockhouse as an armory and safe haven between the forts at Hanna's Town and Ligonier. The blockhouse was built on <mask>'s land. (In 2002, the Archaeological Institute of America reported that this blockhouse had been rediscovered and preserved as an historical landmark.) He began his military career on 18 July 1763 as an ensign in the Second Battalion in the provincial service.Both he and his brother William were appointed justices in Bedford County at its organization, and later when Westmoreland County was organized, he was made a justice there as well. In a listing of the deputies to the provincial convention held at Philadelphia, July 15, 1775, <mask> is named as a Westmoreland official in several capacities. In 1777 he was appointed County Lieutenant and Prothonotary in Greensburg, Pennsylvania. In 1778 he was clerk for both the Court of Quarter Sessions and the Orphans Court. In 1781 he was Clerk of Court, Westmoreland County, Pa. Also in 1781, <mask> was made a Colonel and given command over 100 men to discomfort Indian and British forces in the Ohio Valley during the Revolutionary War. Military expedition to Ohio
Following the French and Indian War and during the colonization of Western Pennsylvania, Virginia and Kentucky, friction between Europeans and Native Americans was an almost constant feature. Repeated depredations and killings by Native Americans and by the European Americans had led to a breakdown in relations on the frontier and formerly neutral or friendly Indian leaders were now generally allied with the British against the Americans.In 1781, <mask> as the County Lieutenant for Westmoreland County and Colonel Daniel Brodhead, who commanded the Colonial forces at Fort Pitt were unable to agree upon a strategy for meeting Indian attacks upon colonial settlements on the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Ohio. As a result, no effective action was taken and attacks increased. Finally, General George Rogers Clark of Virginia came north to prosecute the war in Northern Virginia (now West Virginia) and Pennsylvania. Clark requested that <mask> organize a militia of Pennsylvania Rangers and join him. At the same time, George Washington ordered Broadhead to support the expedition with supplies and ammunition. The Indian activities were of such a grave concern to settlers that Lochry had no problem enlisting and organizing a unit of 107 men by July 1781. The plan of attack was developed by General Clark.Its declared mission was to take an army into the heart of the Indian country, to burn their houses, devastate their country, destroy their warriors, and to so weaken them that they would thereafter be unable to disturb the settlers of Western Pennsylvania. (Privately, Clark's grand objective was the capture of the British outpost at Detroit.) The specific attack strategy began with an expedition down the Ohio River in a manner to similar campaigns that Clark had led in the past. General Clark's plan was to divide his forces into two groups, one commanded by himself and the other commanded by <mask>. The two forces were to move down the Ohio River together and then split up. <mask> was to move north against the Sandusky tribe while Clark would go west and south, join up with troops from Kentucky and move against the Shawnee and Delaware. Once they had their enemies defeated, they would rejoin and march on Detroit to capture it from the British.Initially Clark's forces and <mask>'s forces would be supplied at Ft Pitt, resupply at Fort Henry in Wheeling and then begin the trek down the Ohio River. <mask>'s party of one hundred & seven mounted volunteers rendezvoused at Carnahan's Block House, eleven miles west of Hanna's town, on the July 24, 1781, but then things did not go as planned. They were delayed as they waited for supplies from Brodhead, which never materialized and so they began their march on 2 August. General Clark was already on his way toward Forth Henry. Rushing to catch up, <mask>'s troops arrived on the 8th of August, only to find that Clark and all the men, boats and stores he could gather had departed just twelve hours earlier. Clark left a letter for <mask>, affixed to a pole, directing <mask> to follow him to the Falls of the Ohio. Clark was in a difficult situation.His troops were farmers and were desperate to get back home to start bringing in crops. They were deserting whenever he would stop for a period (<mask> apprehended a Lieutenant Baker and sixteen men who were deserting from Clark at Fishing creek.) So even though he needed to have a larger force for penetrating the enemy lands, he was also obliged to keep moving in order to curtail desertions. But, leading the way for <mask>, Clark was uncertain that <mask> was even following him and so, did not leave the supplies that Lochrey desperately needed. Though <mask>'s troops were not deserting he also had a difficult situation. At Fort Henry, his stores and forage gave out. So, he detached a Captain Shannon with seven men in a small boat to overtake Clark and secure supplies.Shannon carried this letter with him:

Wheeling, Augt. 8th, 1781. My dear General. I arrived at this Post this moment. I find that there is neither Boats, provisions or ammunition left. I have sent a small canoe after you to know what is to be done. If you send back these articles mentioned and with directions where I will overtake you, I will follow.We are upwards of one hundred strong including Light Horse. I am, Sir,
Yours
(Signed) A. Lockry. Shannon's party had not proceeded far when the Indians, who were carefully watching the expedition, captured him and all of his men. They also obtained the letter to General Clark detailing <mask>'s situation. The Indians, having learned of his lack of ammunition, immediately arranged to attack <mask>. They called in their braves and raised a force of about 150 warriors. The attack party was commanded by George Girty, who along with his brother Simon Girty (a more notorious traitor), led the hostile Indians against the colonialists on the frontier.Captain Shannon's small group was forced to accompany the Indians for several days, while they followed <mask> down the river, at a discrete distance and waited the arrival of additional 500 men with which they intended ultimately to attack. <mask>'s Defeat

Traveling down the middle of the Ohio River offered some protection against attacks. However, the route also made it difficult for men and horses to obtain food. At about 10:00 in the morning on 24 August 1781, <mask> ignored the danger and ordered his men to put onto shore on the north side of the Ohio River about ten miles below the mouth of the Big Miami, near the present-day town of Aurora, Indiana. The horses were left to graze, and the men killed a buffalo to prepare for their sustenance. Girty had his Indian scouts out along both banks of the river, and news of the landing was immediately communicated to his now larger force of 648 warriors. Some of the men took up positions quietly on a bluff overlooking the sand bar on which the Pennsylvania Rangers were located.Others approached stealthily from the opposite bank of the river. Once in position, they took the militia by surprise with a sudden volley of shots. The soldiers seized their arms and fought for their lives as long as they had ammunition. They tried to escape in their boats, but the Indians pursued and closed in onto them before they could get away. Unable to escape or defend themselves, <mask> and his troops surrendered. Every member of the expedition still alive was captured. <mask> was tomahawked by a Shawnee Indian while <mask> was sitting on a log, and all wounded who were unable to march were similarly dispatched.The prisoners were marched eight miles up the Miami River, taken to Detroit, and sent from there to Montreal. Along the way, they were sold to the British. The average price for a soldier was one gallon of whisky. The initial number of deaths was 37, but perhaps as few as 25 soldiers returned from captivity to describe what happened. In the intervening years, family and friends had no news of the expedition or the fate of the men. Even General Clark was not aware of <mask>'s defeat until several months later. <mask> is remembered to this day in the name of places near the battle site, including Laughery Creek and Laughery Island.Members of the expedition
British officers confiscated letters and other information from the captured and dead militiamen. These documents have been re-discovered in England and help provide insights into the battle. Among the documents is a roster of the troops killed or captured. It may have been prepared by Simon Girty. In addition, some of the members officers who were captured kept records and pension applications make mention of some individuals in this group. A list of the members of the expedition is shown below along with variant name spellings and if available, approximate age at the time of the capture. :

Killed
1.Col. <mask>
2. Capt. William Campbell
3. Ens. Ephraim Ralph
4. Ens. Alexander Maxwell
5.Ens. Cahill
6. Sergt. Galaher
7. Sergt. Evens
8. Sergt.Ebenezer Burris (accidental self-inflicted knife wound)
9. Sergt. Forsyth
10. Sergt. James Black
11. Sergt. Allison
12.Corp. Paton
13. John Gibson
14. John Young
15. Robt. Dongan
16. John Straiton
17. John Burns
18.William Hudson
19. John Pheasant (probably Pershing)
20. Zenis Hardon
21. John Milligan
22. John Corn
23. Mathew Lamb
24. Joseph Baily
25.John Smith
26. Wm. Cain
27. Adam Erwin
28. Peter McLin
29. <mask>
30. David Ellinger
31.George Butcher
32. Peter Berkman
33. Josia Brooks
34. John Row
35. Jonas Peter
36. J. McRight
37. John McKimby

Prisoners
1.Major Craigcraft
2. Capt. Stokly
3. Cap. Orr (Robert Orr, Wash. Twp.) 4.Cap. Shannon (Donegal Twp.) 5. Lt. Robinson
6. Lt. Isaac Anderson*
7. Lt. Craig*
8. Lt. Scott
9.Lt. Melchior (or Melcher) Baker
10. Ens. Hunter
11. Ens. Guthrie. 12. Qr.Mr. Wallace (William or Richard Wallace)
13. Sergt. Trimble
14. Sergt. McCloud
15. Patrick Johnson
16. Richard Fleming
17.Robert Watson
18. Abn Anderson
19. Mcl Hare
20. Wm. Mars
21. John Sense
22. Mcl Miller
23.Patrick Murphy
24. Jas. Cain (should be Kean)
25. Jas. McPherson
26. Wm. Martial
27.Peter Conoly
28. John Farrell
29. Denis McCarthy
30. Solomon Atkill
31. John Lavear
32. Mathias Fisher*
33. George Dice
34.John Porter
35. John Smith
36. Adam Ourry
37. Saml Le Fever

(Prisoners Continued)
38. John Hunter
39. Joseph Erwin
40. Manassa Coyl
41.Hugh Steer
42. John Cat
43. Valantine Lawrence
44. Jacob Lawrence
45. Christian Fast
46. Charles McLin
47. William Noach
48.Henry France
49. Abm Highly
50. George Mason
51. Wm. Witherenton
52. Eairy Cuighly
53. Thos.James
54. Thos. Atkinson
55. John Stackhouse
56. Wm. Clark
57. Elishia Risley
58.James Dunseith
59. Danl. Cain
60. Wm. Think
61. Robert Wilson
62. Isaac Lewis
63.Alex Burns
64. Hugh More
65. Pvt. William Roark - 1760 – 1841
66. Pvt. Isaac Paullins (Pollins)

Additional members may include:
George Bailey***
James Dougherty***
William Roark** ***

(*According to his pension application, Mathias Fisher escaped, but was later captured by Indians. He was traded to the British, escaped and walked home to Westmoreland, Pennsylvania.)(**Additional Excerpts of William Roark's separation with his regiment under Captain Michael Catt who was to become part of General Clarks army and his captivity as a POW with the Ohio Indians who moved him to Canada and his fight with Congress to collect his Revolutionary War Pension #S32495 can be found on the Fisher Family Genealogy site www.fishergenes.com and at the National Archives in Washington D.C.)

(***This list of 103 persons compares to a total of about 107 men reported in contemporary documents. Some men may have escaped the capture and are missing from this list.) References

The Laughery's a brief history
Search for <mask>, Compact Disc #39 Pin #402340
Long Lost Lochry Blockhouse Found
Pennsylvania Roots
Fisher Family Genealogy
[National Archives Revolutionary War Pension Records]

1733 births
1781 deaths
United States military personnel killed in the American Revolutionary War
Pennsylvania militiamen in the American Revolution
People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Kingdom of Ireland emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
People from York County, Pennsylvania

masks:
Archibald Andrew Lochry
Lochry
Archibald Lochry
Archibald
Lochry
Archibald Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Archibald
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Lochry
Archibald Lochry
Archibald Askin
Archibald Loury


title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
<mask> (whose legal name is <mask>) is a Canadian transgender activist in British Columbia who is best known for filing at least 15 complaints of discrimination on the basis of gender identity against various beauty salons after they refused to wax her male genitalia. The complaints were filed with the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal in 2018 and 2019. It was the first major case of alleged transgender discrimination in retail in Canada. In 2019, the Tribunal rejected her complaints and ruled <mask> had racist motives. In following years, <mask> has gone on to make additional complaints of discrimination, libel and privacy breach. Early life, education, and career
<mask> says that since she was six, she has considered herself transgender, but was afraid to be open about it. In her teens she was treated for gender identity disorder with associated depression, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.<mask> attended Kwantlen Polytechnic University in Surrey, British Columbia, studying computer science. In 2008, she gained her first public attention, when she used Facebook to call for a National Sex Day on August 21. As part of the campaign, she sent out free condoms on request. She later revealed it was a viral marketing promotion. The promotion attracted over 100,000 Facebook users. <mask> worked in call centres and tech support. That led to her creating her own business, which provided internet support to customers.She ran the business for several years under her birth name, before legally changing her first name to "<mask>", while keeping her last name. From 2012 to 2017, <mask>relli, managing their social media and marketing products endorsed by Cimorelli. She also acted as public relations manager for the American house music singer Chelsko. Activism
<mask> is known in the Township of Langley for her advocacy on a number of issues before Township council. The issues she spoke on included providing feminine hygiene products, funding of her campaign for the Miss BC pageant title, and single-use plastics. Her advocacy of gender issues included seeking an end to gender based segregation in physical education classes. She also proposed and was an advocate for the "all-bodies swim" at a Langley township public pool.The proposed event was to be for ages 12 and up, with clothing above the waist optional, and with parents and caretakers prohibited. Human rights complaints and other litigation

2018
In 2018, <mask> filed discrimination complaints with the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal against multiple waxing salons alleging that they refused to provide genital waxing to her because she is transgender. In Canada's first major court case to deal with alleged transgender discrimination, <mask> sought as much as $15,000 in damages from each beautician. In their defence, estheticians said they lacked training on waxing male genitalia and they were not comfortable doing so for personal or religious reasons. They further argued that being transgender was not the issue for them, rather having male genitalia was. <mask> rejected the claim that special training in waxing male genitalia was necessary, and during the hearings equated the denial of the service to neo-Nazism. Respondents were typically working from home, were non-white, and were immigrants who did not speak English.Two of the businesses were forced to shut down due to the complaints. With regards to <mask> making alleged racist comments toward the respondents, she said: "Yes, I did publish 'racist remarks' because being denied services daily from the East Indian community at any business, sucks," adding: "The immigrants are targeting trans people. We are the victims, not them." In October 2019, the Tribunal ruled against <mask> and ordered her to pay $6,000 in restitution split equally among three of the service providers. The ruling was critical of <mask>, with Tribunal Member Devyn Cousineau stating that she "targeted small businesses, manufactured the conditions for a human rights complaint, and then leveraged that complaint to pursue a financial settlement from parties who were unsophisticated and unlikely to mount a proper defence." She also said Yaniv had likely made respondents "feel uncomfortable or awkward for her own amusement or as a form of revenge". The Tribunal concluded that she had been financially motivated in 10 of the 13 complaints, was untruthful on the central aspect of her complaint, and had made "scurrilous attacks" on one of the respondents.The ruling also found <mask> to be deceptive as she had used different Facebook accounts with different names and photos to engage the same esthetician. Cousineau added that <mask> was "motivated to punish racialized and immigrant women based on her perception that certain ethnic groups, namely South Asian and Asian communities are 'taking over' and advancing an agenda hostile to the interests of LGBTQ+ people." For this reason the Tribunal ruled not only that, since none of the salons advertised waxing services for male genitals (e.g. scrotum), they did not discriminate against <mask> on the basis of her gender identity, but also rejected the complaint regarding the refusal to wax <mask>'s arms and legs. An appeal by <mask> against the verdict was rejected in November 2019. The Tribunal found that the complainant's pattern of filing a large number of complaints and then withdrawing them when the respondent mounted a defence to be improper. It rejected finding that she was a vexatious litigant, rather characterizing her as a "frequent litigant".Of <mask>, the ruling also said: "Once her identity and role in these complaints was revealed, she faced a torrent of backlash and hatred, and from that point onward was representing herself in very difficult circumstances." 2019
On January 7, 2020, the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF), which had represented three of the original respondents, announced it was representing another salon in an additional complaint filed by <mask> in early October 2019. This represented the eighth case filed with the Tribunal by her, and <mask> told CTV News that this time she believed case law was in her favour. The Tribunal ruled that any complaint by her would be deferred for six months due to her failure to pay fines imposed by Tribunal. In September 2020 it was announced that Yaniv had dropped the complaints against two salons. 2020
In August 2020, <mask> filed a new civil suit for $11,800 against three of the female beauticians involved in the Tribunal case. In an email to the National Post, she said that she paid the money owed to the beauticians in the Tribunal case, but they had failed to remove related liens placed against her; so, she had to sue to protect her assets.In 2020, <mask> sued the Township of Langley for $35,000 over her treatment surrounding her arrest and detainment on weapons charges in 2019. She said she experienced disability discrimination, that the cells at the jail were unsanitary, and one guard failed to provide her with diabetes medication or victim services. She also said that staff harassed her by using incorrect pronouns. Beauty pageant complaint
In October 2020, the JCCF claimed that it was representing Canada Galaxy Pageants, a beauty pageant for women and girls, against a human rights complaint lodged by Yaniv with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario on the basis that she had been discriminated against based on gender identity, gender expression and sex by not being accepted as a pageant contestant in the "28 Years and Older" division. The pageant has a stated policy of accepting genetic females and transgender females who have fully transitioned. The Western Standard reported that <mask> sought damages in the amount of $10,000 for "injury to dignity and feelings". 2021
In January 2021, <mask> announced that she had filed two complaints against the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police for discrimination with the Canadian Human Rights Commission.In January 2021, <mask> also filed small claims lawsuits in Surrey Provincial Court against Fraser Health and the Provincial Health Services Authority for allegedly breaching her personal health information in 2019. In February 2021, the Township of Langley Fire Department wrote to <mask> informing her that she would be charged if she contacted them again to request assistance getting out of a bath, alleging that she had summoned the Fire Department for this purpose dozens of time despite it not constituting a medical emergency and subjected Fire Department staff to "inappropriate and lewd conduct". <mask> responded by contesting the allegations and stating that she intended to sue the Township of Langley for libel and "other things". Impact and reactions
Adrienne Smith, a BC human rights lawyer, said the case with Yaniv reversed much of the success the trans community had enjoyed with the tribunal in recent times. Smith said a major problem was that Yaniv had no legal representation, which allowed Yaniv to make serious errors, such as making negative comments on social media during the proceedings, which a lawyer would have prevented. Smith said it showed a need for better Legal Aid funding, so there would be representation for cases like this. Following the filing of the complaint, <mask> "has become embroiled in Twitter feuds with conservative figures, appeared on the radio show of American conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, and been the subject of dozens of news articles and opinion pieces".Jones and several other media outlets had used <mask>'s case to rile their followers. The case garnered international attention, including a segment on Tucker Carlson's Fox News channel show. Toronto Lawyer and legal academic Omar Ha-Redeye stated that "those seeking to undermine the human rights regime, or to suggest that human rights have gone too far (typically in their objections to its inclusion of gender identity and gender expression), widely utilized the news stories around this case to make their point." Ha-Redeye also stated, "This case was also notable for the public spectacle it created outside of the Tribunal. It was characterized by incredible levels of hostility". Writing in July 2019, Arwa Mahdawi of The Guardian criticized the fact that the case had largely been covered by right-wing media, who she suggested normally were not concerned with the marginalized groups they showed concern for in the <mask> case. Mahdawi also opined that a woman who feels uncomfortable working with a penis should not be called a bigot, as <mask> suggested, and that such a claim "...makes a mockery of the hate crimes that are committed against trans people every day."In the Daily Utah Chronicle, KC Ellen Cushman criticized left-wing and LGBTQ+ affirming media for their hesitancy in calling out <mask> and other queer influencers for bad behavior, saying: "By allowing queer people who do bad things to avoid scrutiny, we make a more dangerous space for everyone in the community." In the Toronto Star, Joanna Chiu reported that numerous transgender people had experienced a significant increase in online hate against them, as a result of coverage of the Yaniv Tribunal case. Chiu said transgender advocates "...worry the ruling could embolden transphobia, while the public loses sight of how marginalized the community still is in Vancouver." Australian commentator Rita Panahi called the case a "twisted form of social justice" and warned that the same could eventuate in Australia where a "woman who doesn't want to touch a stranger's penis and scrotum can be slandered as a bigot, lose her livelihood and find herself before a Human Rights Tribunal." It was cited as a factor in the centre-right Liberal-National Coalition's decision to oppose a proposed gender self-identification law in Victoria, Australia and was cited by Senator Pauline Hanson in the Parliament of Australia in support of the Australian Education Legislation Amendment (Prohibiting the Indoctrination of Children) Bill 2020. Yaniv's discrimination complaints against the waxing salons were discussed in the 2021 book Trans: When Ideology Meets Reality by journalist Helen Joyce. Legal issues

Weapons charge
<mask> was arrested by the Langley RCMP detachment on August 8, 2019, after displaying a taser in a livestreamed YouTube video.She had been debating with fellow YouTuber Blaire White when she allegedly displayed a prohibited weapon. Commenting on the case, police noted the weapon was not directed at anyone. When police raided her home, they seized two conducted electrical weapons. <mask> appeared in Surrey Provincial Court on January 13, 2020 to face weapons charges. According to Mathew Claxton in the Aldergrove Star, the Surrey Court registry indicates <mask> was found guilty of a charge of possession of a prohibited weapon, and sentenced to a conditional discharge. The Langley Advance Times reported that she received probation and a firearms prohibition. Mischief and threats charges
In December 2020, the Western Standard reported that the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police had charged Yaniv with mischief and uttering threats in relation to an incident in October 2020 concerning Chris Elston.Alleged online harassment

By Yaniv
According to Joseph Brean of the National Post, <mask> has been accused by multiple people of harassment. This includes claims she used vulgar and sexualized language in online communications with underage girls. <mask> has denied these allegations. One of the allegations, was by a girl from Washington State, who said that <mask> made declarations of sexual interest over social media when the girl was 14 years old, allegations <mask> has strenuously denied. The girl shared a recording of Yaniv with the National Post, where <mask> made sexual comments using the voice of Elmo from Sesame Street. <mask> said the recording was a joke, not sent to the girl, but to a friend. Against <mask>
In 2019, interactions on Twitter by Canadian feminist author Meghan Murphy and <mask> resulted in Murphy being banned from the platform.Murphy had misgendered <mask> by calling her "him", in violation of Twitter's hate and harassment policy. Murphy unsuccessfully sued Twitter over the ban. Twitter also (at first permanently) banned Lindsay Shepherd, a Canadian columnist, from its platform on 14 July 2019 as a result of interactions with <mask>. In their exchange Yaniv said "I heard @realDonaldTrump is building a wall inside of your uterus aka your 'reproductive abnormality' hopefully the wall works as intended", to which Shepherd responded "At least I have a uterus, you fat ugly man". Twitter advised Shepherd she had violated its rules against hateful content. Critics accused Twitter of "double standards" after allowing Yaniv "to go unpunished". Shepherd's Twitter account was reinstated later in July 2019.References

Further reading

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Transgender rights activists
People from Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)
Kwantlen Polytechnic University alumni
People from Surrey, British Columbia
Canadian beauty pageant contestants
Transgender and transsexual women
Canadian women activists
LGBT rights activists from Canada
Activists from British Columbia
Women civil rights activists

masks:
Jessica Yaniv
Jessica Simpson
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Jessica
Yanivimo
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Jessica Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv


title: Paul Aguilar

texts:
<mask> (born 6 March 1986) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Liga MX club Juárez. Aguilar represented Mexico at the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 2011 and 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and the Copa América Centenario. Club career

Pachuca
<mask> began his career with Pachuca Club de Fútbol in 2002. He started off in Pachuca's affiliate (second division) team, Pachuca Juniors. In 2004, he was loaned to Indios de Ciudad Juárez for two seasons in order to gain more experience. After returning to Pachuca in 2005 and making 27 appearances with the "B team" (Pachuca Juniors), Aguilar made his first-team debut in the 2006 Apertura tournament on 6 August in a match against Cruz Azul, with the match ending in a 2–3 defeat. <mask>r played the entire ninety minutes and scored a goal in the 56th minute of the game.Pachuca won the 2007 Clausura championship after defeating América in the final. <mask>r became a mainstay within the squad and won the confidence of manager Enrique Meza. Aguilar would barely miss a game since earning a starting position at right-back during the 2008 Clausura. <mask>r also participated in the 2008 and 2010 FIFA Club World Cups with Pachuca. His performance with the club earned him a spot in the final 23-man national team squad who would play the 2010 FIFA World Cup. After five years and ten seasons with Pachuca, <mask> was sold to América for the 2011 Apertura in exchange for Juan Carlos Silva and Enrique Esqueda. América

On 23 May 2011, Aguilar officially joined Club América for the Apertura tournament.<mask> made his debut with América on 31 July in a league match against Toluca, which ended in a 1–1 draw. Upon his arrival Aguilar became a popular player with the club's fans. He scored his first goal with América in the 90th minute against arch-rivals Guadalajara in the Súper Clásico. On 26 May 2013, <mask> won his first title with América after defeating Cruz Azul in the Clausura final, playing in both legs. On 26 March 2014, Aguilar signed a two-year contract extension with América, which will keep him at the club until 2016. Aguilar had previously stated publicly that he would like to end his career at América. Aguilar made his 100th league appearance for América on 30 May in the 4–0 win over Guadalajara.Prior to the first-leg of the 2014 Apertura semifinal series against Monterrey, it was reported that Aguilar was separated from the squad by manager Antonio Mohamed due to an alleged dressing-room confrontation between the two. On 2 December 2020, <mask>r left Club América. Juarez
On 19 July 2021, he signed with Juárez. International career

Mexico national team

In October 2007, <mask>r received his first call-up by coach Hugo Sánchez to play a friendly match against Nigeria, however he did no see playing time. In 2009, Aguilar was called-up again, this time by coach Javier Aguirre, and made his debut with the national team on 30 September in a friendly match against Colombia. The match ended in a 1–2 defeat, with Aguilar played the entire 90 minutes and scoring Mexico's only goal. In early 2010, Aguirre called-up Aguilar for a series of international friendlies in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Mexico's first game of 2010 was a 5–0 win over Bolivia, in which <mask> scored his second goal for Mexico in only his second appearance. He eventually made the final 23-player roster for the World Cup. He started in the tournament's inaugural match against hosts South Africa, but was substituted out for Andrés Guardado in the 55th minute. He did not participate in any of the next three matches. Aguilar was a part of the winning squad at the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, however he only saw playing time in the semi-final match against Honduras. Aguilar also participated in the 2011 Copa America held in Argentina, playing in all three group matches as a right-back. In 2012, he saw no activity with the national team.Aguilar would not receive another call-up until late 2013, this time by new coach Miguel Herrera for the two World Cup intercontinental playoff matches against New Zealand. Aguilar would go on to score Mexico's first goal in the 5–1 win over New Zealand at the Estadio Azteca on 13 November. The playoff ended in a combined 9-3 win for Mexico, thus qualifying them to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Aguilar would be included in the final 23-man squad for the World Cup. During the 2014 World Cup, he started at right-back for Mexico in all four matches. During the 2015 CONCACAF Cup, a one-off tournament meant to serve a qualifier to the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup, Aguilar scored a game-winning volley in overtime for Mexico in the 3–2 result. In the run-up to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, national coach Juan Carlos Osorio decided not to call-up Aguilar following alleged criticism from the player towards Osorio’s tactics.Career statistics

International

International goals
Scores and results list Mexico's goal tally first. Honours
Pachuca
Mexican Primera División: Clausura 2007
CONCACAF Champions League: 2007, 2008, 2009–10
Copa Sudamericana: 2006
North American SuperLiga: 2007

América
Liga MX: Clausura 2013, Apertura 2014, Apertura 2018
Copa MX: Clausura 2019
Campeón de Campeones: 2019
CONCACAF Champions League: 2014–15, 2015–16

Mexico
CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2011, 2015
CONCACAF Cup: 2015

Individual
Liga MX Best XI: Clausura 2015, Apertura 2015, Clausura 2016

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from Concordia Municipality
Footballers from Sinaloa
Association football fullbacks
Mexican footballers
Mexico international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 Copa América players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Copa América Centenario players
CONCACAF Gold Cup-winning players
C.F. Pachuca players
Indios de Ciudad Juárez footballers
Club América footballers
Liga MX players

masks:
Paul Nicolás Aguilar Rojas
Paul Aguilar
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguilar
Aguilar
Paul Aguilar
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul


title: Christina, Queen of Sweden

texts:
Christina (, ; 18 December 1626 – 19 April 1689), a member of the House of Vasa, was Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654. She succeeded her father Gustavus Adolphus upon his death at the Battle of Lützen in 1632, but began ruling the Swedish Empire when she reached the age of eighteen in 1644. The Swedish queen is remembered as one of the most learned women of the 17th century. She was fond of books, manuscripts, paintings, and sculptures. With her interest in religion, philosophy, mathematics, and alchemy, she attracted many scientists to Stockholm, wanting the city to become the "Athens of the North". The Peace of Westphalia allowed her to establish an academy or university when and wherever she wanted. In 1644, she began issuing copper in lumps as large as fifteen kilograms to serve as currency.Christina's financial extravagance brought the state to the verge of bankruptcy, and the financial difficulties caused public unrest. Christina argued for peace to end the Thirty Years' War and received indemnity. Meanwhile, she caused a scandal when she decided not to marry, and when she converted to Catholicism secretly in Brussels and publicly in Innsbruck. The "Minerva of the North" relinquished the throne to her cousin, and settled in Rome. Pope Alexander VII described Christina as "a queen without a realm, a Christian without faith, and a woman without shame." Notwithstanding, she played a leading part in the theatrical and musical community and protected many Baroque artists, composers, and musicians. Being the guest of five consecutive popes, and a symbol of the Counter Reformation, Christina is one of the few women buried in the Vatican grotto.Her unconventional lifestyle and masculine dressing have been featured in countless novels, plays, operas, and film. In all the biographies about Christina, her gender and cultural identity play an important role. Early life

Christina was born in the royal castle Tre Kronor on . Her parents were the Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus and his German wife, Maria Eleonora. They had already had three children: two daughters (a stillborn princess in 1621, then the first Princess Christina, who was born in 1623 and died the following year) and a stilborn son in May 1625. Excited expectations surrounded Maria Eleonora's fourth pregnancy in 1626. When the baby was born, it was first thought to be a boy as it was "hairy" and screamed "with a strong, hoarse voice."She later wrote in her autobiography that, "Deep embarrassment spread among the women when they discovered their mistake." The king, though, was very happy, stating, "She'll be clever, she has made fools of us all!" From most accounts, Gustav Adolf appears to have been closely attached to his daughter, and she appears to have admired him greatly. The Crown of Sweden was hereditary in the House of Vasa, but from King Charles IX's time onward (reigned 1604–11), it excluded Vasa princes descended from a deposed brother (Eric XIV of Sweden) and a deposed nephew (Sigismund III of Poland). Gustav Adolf's legitimate younger brothers had died years earlier. The one legitimate female left, his half-sister Catharine, came to be excluded in 1615 when she married a non-Lutheran. So Christina became the undisputed heir presumptive.From Christina's birth, King Gustav Adolph recognized her eligibility even as a female heir, and although called "queen", the official title she held as of her coronation by the Riksdag in February 1633 was king. Regency

Before Gustav Adolf left for Germany to defend Protestantism in the Thirty Years' War, he secured his daughter's right to inherit the throne, in case he never returned, and gave orders to Axel Gustafsson Banér, his marshal, that Christina should receive an education of the type normally only afforded to boys. Her mother, of the House of Hohenzollern, was a woman of volatile temperament. It is possible she was insane. After the king died on 6 November 1632 on the battlefield, his corpse was brought home in a coffin, with his heart in a separate box. Maria Eleonora ordered that the king should not be buried until she could be buried with him. She also demanded that the coffin be kept open, and went to see it regularly, patting it and taking no notice of the putrefaction.Eventually, the embarrassed chancellor, Axel Oxenstierna, saw no other solution than to have a guard posted at the room to prevent further episodes. As a result, he was not buried until 22 June 1634, more than eighteen months later. In 1634, the Instrument of Government, a new constitution, was introduced by Oxenstierna. The constitution stipulated that the "King" must have a Privy Council, which was headed by Oxenstierna himself. Maria Eleanora had been indifferent to her daughter but now, belatedly, Christina became the center of her mother's attention. Gustav Adolf had decided that in the event of his death, his daughter should be cared for by his half-sister, Catherine of Sweden  and half-brother Carl Gyllenhielm as regent. This solution did not suit Maria Eleonora, who had her sister-in-law banned from the castle.In 1636, Chancellor Oxenstierna saw no other solution than to exile the widow to Gripsholm castle, while the governing regency council would decide when she was allowed to meet her nine-year-old daughter. For the subsequent three years, Christina thrived in the company of her aunt Catherine and her family. In 1638, after the death of her aunt and foster mother Catherine of Sweden, the Royal Regency Council under Axel Oxenstierna saw the need to appoint a new foster mother to the underage monarch (her mother being exiled), which resulted in a reorganization of the queen's household. In order to prevent the young queen from being dependent upon a single individual and favorite mother figure, the Royal Council decided to split the office of head lady-in-waiting (responsible for the queen's female courtiers) and the office royal governess (or foster-mother) in four, with two women appointed to share each office. Accordingly, Ebba Leijonhufvud and Christina Natt och Dag were appointed to share the position of royal governess and foster mother with the title Upptuktelse-Förestånderska ('Castigation Mistress'), while Beata Oxenstierna and Ebba Ryning were appointed to share the position of head lady-in-waiting, all four with the formal rank and title of Hovmästarinna. The Royal Council's method of giving Queen Christina several foster mothers to avoid her forming an attachment to a single person appears to have been effective, as Christina did not mention her foster mothers directly in her memoirs and did not seem to have formed an attachment to any of them; in fact, with only a few exceptions, such as Ebba Sparre, Lady Jane Ruthven and Louise van der Nooth, Christina did not show any interest in any of her female courtiers, and she generally mentions them in her memoirs only to compare herself favorably toward them by referring to herself as more masculine than they. Christina was educated as a royal male would have been.The theologian Johannes Matthiae Gothus became her tutor; he gave her lessons in religion, philosophy, Greek and Latin. Chancellor Oxenstierna taught her politics and discussed Tacitus with her. Oxenstierna wrote proudly of the 14-year-old girl that, "She is not at all like a female" and that she had "a bright intelligence". Christina seemed happy to study ten hours a day. Besides Swedish she learned at least seven other languages: German, Dutch, Danish, French, Italian, Arabic and Hebrew. In 1636–1637, Peter Minuit and Samuel Blommaert negotiated with the government to found New Sweden, the first Swedish colony in the New World. In 1638, Minuit erected Fort Christina in what is now Wilmington, Delaware; the Christina River was also named after her, as well as the Queen Village neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia.Reign

In 1644, Christina was declared an adult, although the coronation was postponed because of the war with Denmark-Norway. In December 1643, Swedish troops had overrun Holstein and Jutland in the Torstenson War. The Swedes achieved much from their surprise attack,  and at the Treaty of Brömsebro Denmark added the isles of Gotland and Ösel to Christina's domain while Norway lost the districts of Jämtland and Härjedalen to her. Under Christina's rule, Sweden, now virtually controlling the Baltic Sea, had unrestricted access to the North Sea and was no longer encircled by Denmark–Norway. In 1649, Louis de Geer founded the Swedish Africa Company and in 1650, Christina hired Hendrik <mask> to improve trade on Gold Coast. In 1649, with the help of her uncle, John Casimir, and her cousins, Christina tried to reduce the influence of Oxenstierna, and she declared John Casimir's son, her cousin Charles Gustav, as her heir presumptive. The following year, Christina resisted demands from the other estates (clergy, burghers, and peasants) in the Riksdag of the Estates for the reduction of the number of noble landholdings that were tax-exempt.She never implemented such a policy. Thirty Years' War

Her father, Gustavus Adolphus, had come to the aid of the German Protestants in the Thirty Years' War, to diminish Catholic influence and gain economic influence in the German states around the Baltic Sea. He won several battles, and in 1631, Cardinal Richelieu decided France would support Sweden with money and soldiers. But Gustavus was killed in 1632. Count Oxenstierna became regent and continued Sweden's part in the war. Defeated in the Battle of Nördlingen (1634), the Swedish army retreated from southern Germany to Pomerania. Though Sweden won some later battles, the war effort was exhausting.Christina reached her majority in 1644, and Chancellor Oxenstierna soon discovered that her political views differed from his own. In 1645, he sent his son, Johan Oxenstierna, to the Peace Congress in the Westphalian city of Osnabrück, to argue against peace with the Holy Roman Empire. Christina, however, wanted peace at any cost and sent her own delegate, Johan Adler Salvius. The Peace of Westphalia was signed between May and October 1648, effectively ending the European wars of religion. Sweden received an indemnity of five million thalers, used primarily to pay its troops. Sweden further received Western Pomerania (henceforth Swedish Pomerania), Wismar, the Archbishopric of Bremen, and the Bishopric of Verden as hereditary fiefs, thus gaining a seat and vote in the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire and in the respective diets (Kreistag) of three Imperial Circles: the Upper Saxon Circle, Lower Saxon Circle, and Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle; the city of Bremen was disputed. Shortly before the conclusion of the peace settlement, she admitted Salvius into the council, against Chancellor Oxenstierna's wishes.Salvius was no aristocrat, but Christina wanted the opposition to the aristocracy present. Patronage of the arts

In 1645, Christina invited Hugo Grotius to become her librarian, but he died on his way in Rostock. That same year she founded Ordinari Post Tijdender ("Regular Mail Times"), the oldest currently published newspaper in the world. In 1647, Johann Freinsheim was appointed as her librarian. After the Battle of Prague (1648), where her armies looted Prague Castle, many of the treasures collected by Rudolph II were brought back to Stockholm. Hence Christina acquired for her library a number of valuable illustrated works and rare manuscripts. The inventory drawn up at the time mentions 100 an allerhand Kunstbüchern ("a hundred art books of different kinds"), among them two world-famous manuscripts: Codex Gigas and Codex Argenteus.In 1648, she commissioned 35 paintings from Jacob Jordaens for a ceiling in Uppsala Castle. In 1649, 760 paintings, 170 marble and 100 bronze statues, 33,000 coins and medallions, 600 pieces of crystal, 300 scientific instruments, manuscripts and books (including the  by Rabanus Maurus, the  and the ) were transported to Stockholm. The art, from Prague Castle, had belonged to Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor and was captured by <mask> von Königsmarck during the Battle of Prague and the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia. By 1649–1650, "her desire to collect men of learning round her, as well as books and rare manuscripts, became almost a mania," Goldsmith wrote. To catalogue her new collection she asked Isaac Vossius to come to Sweden and Heinsius to purchase more books on the market. The "Semiramis from the North" corresponded with Pierre Gassendi, her favorite author. Blaise Pascal offered her a copy of his pascaline.She had a firm grasp of classical history and philosophy. Christina studied Neostoicism, the Church Fathers, and Islam; she systematically looked for a copy of the Treatise of the Three Impostors, a work bestowing doubt on all organized religion. In 1651, the kabbalist Menasseh ben Israel offered to become her agent or librarian for Hebrew books and manuscripts; they discussed his messianic ideas as he had recently spelled them out in his latest book, Hope of Israel. Other illustrious scholars who came to visit were Claude Saumaise, Johannes Schefferus, Olaus Rudbeck, Johann Heinrich Boeckler, Gabriel Naudé, Christian Ravis, Nicolaas Heinsius and Samuel Bochart, together with Pierre Daniel Huet and Marcus Meibomius, who wrote a book about Greek dance. Christina was interested in theatre, especially the plays of Pierre Corneille; she was herself an amateur actress. In 1647, the Italian architect Antonio Brunati was ordered to build a theatrical setting in one of the larger rooms of the palace. The court poet Georg Stiernhielm wrote several plays in the Swedish language, such as Den fångne Cupido eller Laviancu de Diane, performed with Christina in the main part of the goddess Diana.She invited foreign companies to play at Bollhuset, such as an Italian opera troupe in 1652 with Vincenzo Albrici and a Dutch theater troupe with Ariana Nozeman and Susanna van Lee in 1653. Among the French artists she employed was Anne Chabanceau de La Barre, who was made court singer. From 1638 Oxenstierna employed a French ballet troupe under Antoine de Beaulieu, who also had to teach Christina to move around more elegantly. In 1646, Christina's good friend, the French ambassador Pierre Chanut, met and corresponded with the philosopher René Descartes, asking him for a copy of his Meditations. Upon showing the queen some of the letters, Christina became interested in beginning a correspondence with Descartes. She invited him to Sweden, but Descartes was reluctant until she asked him to organize a scientific academy. Christina sent a ship to pick up the philosopher and 2,000 books.Descartes arrived on 4 October 1649. He resided with Chanut, and finished his Passions of the Soul. It is highly unlikely Descartes wrote a "Ballet de la Naissance de la Paix", performed on her birthday. On the day after, 19 December 1649, he probably started his private lessons for the queen. With Christina's strict schedule he was invited to the cold and draughty castle at 5:00 AM daily to discuss philosophy and religion. Soon it became clear they did not like each other; she disapproved of his mechanical view, and he did not appreciate her interest in Ancient Greek. On 15 January Descartes wrote he had seen Christina only four

masks:
Carloff
Hans Christoff


title: Carly Rae Jepsen

texts:
<mask>n (born November 21, 1985) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. Born and raised in Mission, British Columbia, Jepsen pursued a musical theatre program at the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, British Columbia. After completing her studies, she relocated to Vancouver and competed on the fifth season of Canadian Idol in 2007, placing third. In 2008, Jepsen released her folk-influenced debut studio album, Tug of War, in Canada. Jepsen's breakthrough came in 2012, when her single "Call Me Maybe" achieved significant mainstream popularity; the song was the best-selling single of that year, reaching number one in 18 countries. As a result, she was signed to a joint worldwide record deal with School Boy Records and Interscope Records. Jepsen's second studio album, Kiss, was released later that year.It marked a greater shift into mainstream pop music and saw fair commercial success, reaching the top ten in Canada and the United States. In 2014, Jepsen made her Broadway stage debut as the titular character in Cinderella. The following year, she released her third studio album, Emotion. It is noted for its influence from 1980s music as well as blending dance-pop and synth-pop with indie sensibilities. While less commercially successful than Kiss, it saw the success of its lead single, "I Really Like You", and received wide critical acclaim. In 2016 Jepsen performed in the television special Grease: Live and lent her voice to the animated film Ballerina. Her fourth studio album, Dedicated, was released on May 17, 2019 and was similarly well-received by fans and critics.Jepsen released a follow-up album titled Dedicated Side B one year later. Jepsen has received numerous awards and accolades, including three Juno Awards, a Billboard Music Award, and an Allan Slaight Award, as well as nominations for Grammy Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Polaris Music Prize and People's Choice Awards. , Jepsen has sold over 25 million records worldwide. Life and career

1985−2006: Early life and career beginnings
Jepsen was born in Mission, British Columbia, to Alexandra Lanzarotta and <mask>, the second of their three children. She is of Danish, English and Scottish descent. Jepsen has an older brother, Colin, and a younger sister, Katie. She attended Heritage Park Secondary School, and she pursued her passion for musical theatre by appearing in student productions of Annie, Grease, and The Wiz, playing the respective lead roles of Annie, Sandy Olsson and Dorothy Gale.Her parents and stepparents were teachers, so Jepsen considered a career in music instruction as a second option. She applied to music-related programs, including those at Capilano University and the University of British Columbia. Her high school drama teacher, Beverly Holmes, persuaded her to audition for the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, British Columbia. She was one of 25 female students to gain admission into its year-long program: "It was very clear to me after that school, as much fun as I had, I really did want to pursue more of a purely musical career rather than acting and all the dancing." After graduation, Jepsen relocated to Vancouver's west side, and was fortunate to hold several jobs. She worked at Trees Organic Coffee as a barista and pastry chef assistant, starting its open mic night. Jepsen describes this as "the happiest time in her life"; she slept on a pull-out sofa, wrote songs in her downtime with a guitar her parents gave her, and "performed multiple nights a week at musician-friendly holes in the wall".Bartending at the Media Club, Jepsen once requested an extra-late shift to see Sia, prior to their collaboration. 2007–2010: Canadian Idol and Tug of War

While assembling a swing band, Jepsen was convinced to audition for Canadian Idol by her drama teacher. She performed her original song "Sweet Talker" and finished in third place, which she considered the best possible outcome in retrospect: "It was like all the exposure without the devilish contract at the end." Her demo recording attracted the attention of music manager Jonathan Simkin, who signed Jepsen to a management deal with 604 Records that year. Performances

Jepsen released her debut single, a cover of John Denver's song "Sunshine on My Shoulders", in June 2008. Her debut album, Tug of War, was released in September 2008, and sold 10,000 copies in Canada. The singles "Tug of War" and "Bucket" peaked in the top 40 of the Canadian Hot 100, and received Gold certifications for sales of 40,000 units each."Sour Candy", a duet with Josh Ramsay of Marianas Trench was released as the final single. 2009, Jepsen toured western Canada with Marianas Trench and Shiloh. 2011–2014: Mainstream success with Curiosity and Kiss

2011, Jepsen recorded material for her second album with Josh Ramsay, Ryan Stewart, and Tavish Crow, her co-writer of "Call Me Maybe". The track "Call Me Maybe" was released in September of that year. 2012, fellow Canadian pop singer Justin Bieber promoted the single on Twitter, and the next month, it was featured in a viral video in which Bieber, Selena Gomez, Carlos Pena from Big Time Rush and Ashley Tisdale lip-synced and danced to it. Bieber's manager, Scooter Braun, signed Jepsen to a joint worldwide record deal with his label, Schoolboy Records, and the major label Interscope Records. "Call Me Maybe" later peaked at number one on the Canadian Hot 100, making Jepsen the fourth Canadian artist to top the chart.In the United States, the single spent nine weeks at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, earning the title "Song of the Summer" from Billboard magazine. The single also topped the charts in 18 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it was the year's second best-selling single. It was the best-selling single of 2012 worldwide, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI). The song was included on Jepsen's six-track EP, Curiosity, released in February 2012 in Canada. Following the success of "Call Me Maybe", Jepsen recorded the duet "Good Time" with Owl City, released in June 2012. The song peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and preceded Jepsen's second album, Kiss, released in September 2012, and reached top ten chart positions in Australia, the UK, and the US. In Canada, the album is certified gold.The album also produced the singles "This Kiss" and "Tonight I'm Getting Over You". 2012, Jepsen appeared on the fifth-season premiere episode of The CW primetime soap opera 90210, and became a spokesperson for clothing retailer Wet Seal. Jepsen received the Rising Star Award at the 2012 Billboard Music Awards, the first Canadian recipient. At the 2013 Juno Awards, Kiss won the awards for Album of the Year and Pop Album of the Year. "Call Me Maybe" won in the Single of the Year category. The single also received nominations for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 55th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2013, Jepsen became a spokesperson for clothing/footwear brand Candie's.2013, Kiss: The Remix, a compilation album containing remixes and instrumentals of singles from Kiss, was released in Japan, and peaked at number 157 on the Oricon albums chart. From June to October Jepsen embarked on The Summer Kiss Tour in North America and Asia. During 2014, she performed in the Broadway production of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella for 12 weeks. Later that year, Jepsen won the International Achievement Award at the SOCAN Awards, alongside co-writers Josh Ramsay and Tavish Crowe. 2015–2017: Emotion and other projects

Jepsen released her third album's lead single, "I Really Like You", in March 2015. Accompanied by a music video in which actor Tom Hanks lip-synced to the song, it peaked at number 14 in Canada and the top five in the UK. The album, titled Emotion, was released in June 2015 and received positive reviews; the album appeared on many publications' year-end albums lists.Emotion became a cult favourite, attracting a more mature audience to her music. The album peaked at number eight in Canada and at number 16 on the US Billboard 200. It includes collaborations with Rostam Batmanglij (of Vampire Weekend), Sia, Dev Hynes, Greg Kurstin, and Ariel Rechtshaid. The second single, "Run Away with Me", was released in July 2015. Later that year, Jepsen embarked on the Gimmie Love Tour in support of Emotion. Jepsen was also featured on a new version of Bleachers' song "Shadow" from their album Terrible Thrills, Vol. 2 and released a cover of Wham!'s "Last Christmas". Jepsen played Frenchy in Grease Live, Fox's live television presentation of the musical Grease in January 2016. As part of her role, she performed a new song entitled "All I Need Is an Angel". In late 2015, Jepsen recorded the theme song for the Netflix series Fuller House, a remake of the theme to Full House. In 2016, she appeared on The Knocks' debut album 55. Jepsen released Emotion: Side B in August 2016, an EP containing eight cut tracks from Emotion. The EP was listed on several end-of-year lists from publications such as Rolling Stone and Pitchfork.In May 2017, Jepsen released the single "Cut to the Feeling". The song was originally intended for Emotion, but instead appeared in the animated film Ballerina, in which Jepsen voices a supporting role. It also appeared in a deluxe version of Emotion: Side B only released in Japan. 2018–present: Dedicated
In January and February 2018, Jepsen appeared as the opening act for Katy Perry's Witness: The Tour. "Party for One", the lead single from Jepsen's upcoming fourth studio album, was released on November 1, 2018. Two more songs, "Now That I Found You" and "No Drug Like Me" followed on February 27, 2019. As of 2019, Braun was no longer Jepsen's manager, although she was still signed to School Boy Records.Her fourth album, Dedicated, came out May 17, 2019, with a tour beginning June 27. The album has 13 tracks on the standard edition, with 2 additional tracks on the deluxe. Jepsen performed a NPR Tiny Desk Concert in November. On May 21, 2020, the companion album Dedicated Side B was released, containing twelve additional tracks from Dedicated. Following its release, Jepsen also confirmed the same month that she was making a "quarantine album" with songwriter Tavish Crowe with whom she wrote "Call Me Maybe". On October 30, 2020, Jepsen released "It's Not Christmas Till Somebody Cries" which peaked at 11 on the US Holiday Digital Songs chart. Artistry

Musical style
Jepsen is classified as a soprano.Paul Bradley of LA Weekly describes Jepsen's voice as "hushed" and "flawless" while Maura Johnston of Slate Magazine characterizes it as "airy yet precise". She says she shares her parents' interest in folk music as a result of her upbringing, naming artists such as Leonard Cohen, Bruce Springsteen, James Taylor, and Van Morrison as inspirations for her debut album, Tug of War (2008). During the recording of her EP Curiosity and her second album, Kiss (both 2012), Jepsen said she became increasingly influenced by pop and dance music, in particular the works of Dragonette, Kimbra, La Roux, and Robyn. Her third album, Emotion (2015), drew from her love of pop music from the 1980s and the "old-school" albums of Cyndi Lauper, Madonna, and Prince. Jepsen has also expressed admiration for Cat Power, Christine and the Queens, Tegan and Sara, Bleachers, Kate Bush, Bob Dylan, Sky Ferreira, Dev Hynes, Solange Knowles, Joni Mitchell, Sinéad O'Connor, the Spice Girls, and Hank Williams. Impact

Lyndsey McKenna, writer for NPR wrote that "Jepsen's career is instructive. The internet's reception of Jepsen's music has given her a longevity and a lifespan beyond its limited, though influential, time on the charts".McKenna went on to say that she "doesn't have to be queen of the charts [...] Instead, she can have her own world: technicolored-hued, insular but not exclusionary, where absurdity and enthusiasm are equally cherished". In 2019, Insider writer, Libby Torres, called Jepsen an "Artist of the Decade" saying that her "impact extends far beyond music, as she's often celebrated as a queer icon". She also stated that Jepsen's "subversively catchy lyrics, slick musical arrangements, and pop experimentation have made her a true star". Time writer, Raisa Bruner, stated that Jepsen had a "cult of popularity" and mentioned the "ongoing compliment-spam that adorns her social media profiles, with each fan proclaiming her queen of something". Marie-Ève Venne, writer for Dress to Kill stated that recently, Jepsen has "embraced a more mature pop queen persona, showcasing a modern and sophisticated sound". American Singer-Songwriter Maggie Rogers credits Jepsen's 'Emotion' with inspiring her to pursue Pop music. She told The Line of Best Fit, "'Run Away With Me' was the first pop song that I ever really fell in love with and it made me understand there was a version of pop music that I could make, that could combine all the things I love."Activism
<mask> was scheduled to perform at the Boy Scouts of America 2013 National Scout Jamboree, along with the band Train, but in March 2013, both cited the BSA policy on homosexuals as a barrier to their performance. Jepsen released a statement stating, "As an artist who believes in equality for all people, I will not be participating in the Boy Scouts of America Jamboree this summer." Discography

 Tug of War (2008)
 Kiss (2012)
 Emotion (2015)
 Dedicated (2019)
Dedicated Side B (2020)

Tours

Headlining
 The Summer Kiss Tour (2013)
 Gimmie Love Tour (2015–2016)
 The Dedicated Tour (2019–2020)

Co-headlining
 Marianas Trench, The New Cities and The Mission District – Beside You Tour (2009)

Opening act
 Hanson – Shout It Out World Tour (Canadian dates) (2012)
 Justin Bieber – Believe Tour (North American, European, and South American dates) (2012–2013)
 Hedley – Hello World Tour (Canadian dates) (2016)
 Katy Perry – Witness: The Tour (North American dates) (2018)

Credits

Television

Film

Theatre

References

External links

1985 births
21st-century Canadian women singers
APRA Award winners
Canadian expatriate musicians in the United States
Canadian women pop singers
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Canadian folk singer-songwriters
Canadian Idol participants
Canadian people of Danish descent
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian sopranos
Canadian women activists

Dance-pop musicians
Fontana North artists
Interscope Records artists
Juno Award for Album of the Year winners
Juno Award for Pop Album of the Year winners
Juno Award for Single of the Year winners
LGBT rights activists from Canada
Living people
MapleMusic Recordings artists
MTV Europe Music Award winners
People from Mission, British Columbia
Pop rock singers
School Boy Records artists

masks:
Carly Rae Jepse
Larry Jepsen
Jepsen