title: Randy Brecker

texts:
<mask> (born November 27, 1945) is an American trumpeter, flugelhornist, and composer. His versatility has made him a popular studio musician who has recorded with acts in jazz, rock, and R&B. Early life
<mask> was born on November 27, 1945, in the Philadelphia suburb of Cheltenham to a musical family. His father Bob (Bobby) was a lawyer who played jazz piano and his mother Sylvia was a portrait artist. <mask> described his father as "a semipro jazz pianist and trumpet fanatic. In school when I was eight, they only offered trumpet or clarinet. I chose trumpet from hearing Diz, Miles, Clifford, and Chet Baker at home.My brother (<mask>) didn't want to play the same instrument as I did, so three years later he chose the clarinet!" <mask>'s father, Bob, was also a songwriter and singer who loved to listen to recordings of the great jazz trumpet players such as Miles Davis, Dizzy Gillespie and Clifford Brown. He took <mask> and his younger brother Michael Brecker to see Davis, Thelonious Monk, Duke Ellington, and many other jazz icons. Brecker attended Cheltenham High School from 1959 to 1963 and then Indiana University from 1963 to 1966 studying with Bill Adam, David Baker and Jerry Coker and later moved to New York and performed with Clark Terry's Big Bad Band, the Duke Pearson and the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra. Career
In 1967, Brecker ventured into jazz-rock with the band Blood, Sweat & Tears, on their first album Child Is Father to the Man, but left to join the Horace Silver Quintet. Brecker recorded his first solo album, Score, in 1968, featuring his brother Michael Brecker. After Horace Silver, <mask> joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers before teaming up with brother Michael, Barry Rogers, Billy Cobham, and John Abercrombie to form the fusion group Dreams.The group recorded two albums: Dreams and Imagine My Surprise  for Columbia Records before they disbanded in 1971. In the early 1970s, Brecker performed live with many artists including The Eleventh House, Stevie Wonder and Billy Cobham. He also recorded several albums with his brother under pianist/composer Hal Galper. By 1975, <mask> and Michael formed the Brecker Brothers band. They released six albums on Arista and garnered seven Grammy nominations between 1975 and 1981. Their first record, The Brecker Bros., featured <mask>'s composition "Some Skunk Funk", and he composed several pieces on this and subsequent albums. After the Brecker Brothers disbanded in 1982, <mask> recorded and toured as a member of Jaco Pastorius' Word of Mouth big band.It was soon thereafter that he met and later married Brazilian jazz pianist Eliane Elias. Eliane and <mask> formed their own band, touring the world several times and recording one album named after their daughter together, Amanda on Passport Records. In 1977 he founded the jazz club Seventh Avenue South with his brother <mask>. In 1992 <mask> and Michael reunited for a world tour and the triple-Grammy nominated GRP recording The Return of the Brecker Brothers. The follow-up, 1994's Out of the Loop, was a double-Grammy winner. In 1995 he was featured on Turtles, an album by Polish composer Włodek Pawlik. In 1997, Into the Sun (Concord), a recording featuring Brecker's impressions of Brazil, garnered Brecker his first Grammy as a solo artist.In 2001, Brecker released Hangin' in the City (ESC), a solo project that introduced his alter-ego Randroid with lyrics and vocals by Randroid himself. This CD was released in Europe, where Brecker toured extensively with his own line-up. Brecker's next CD for ESC Records, 34th N Lex, won him his third Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album in 2003. That summer he went back to Europe with the Bill Evans Soulbop Band. In the summer of 2003 the Brecker Brothers appeared in Japan at the Mount Fuji Jazz Festival. 2004 saw Brecker touring Europe as co-leader (with Bill Evans) of the band Soulbop. The WDR Big Band also invited Brecker to perform at the [Jazz Fest].The date was of significance to <mask> as it was the last time he played with his brother, who took ill shortly thereafter with a rare form of leukemia known as MDS. In 2005, <mask>'s wife Ada (married 2001) sat in for the first time. <mask>er Band performing throughout Eastern Europe. In 2007, Brecker was awarded his fourth Grammy for <mask>er Live with the WDR Big Band (Telarc/BHM), the live recording (also available in DVD format) of his performance with Michael at the Leverkusen Jazz Fest in 2004. Michael died that same year on January 13. 2007 also saw the release of a two-CD set of live recordings of the band Soulbop (BHM) featuring Dave Kikoski, Victor Bailey, Steve Smith, Rodney Holmes and Hiram Bullock. Brecker returned to Brazilian music in 2008 for the album <mask> in Brazil, which was recorded in São Paulo with Brazilian musicians and released on Summit Records.Chosen as one of the top 10 CDs of 2008 by All About Jazz, the CD won the Grammy for "Best Contemporary Jazz Album", bringing his Grammy total to five. A Tribute to the Brecker Brothers featuring <mask> and recorded live at the Hamamatsu Jazz Festival in Japan with Yoichi Murata's Solid Brass & Big Band was released by JVC Victor in Japan in late 2008. In 2009, Brecker released Jazz Suite Tykocin, a project initiated and conceived by Włodek Pawlik, featuring <mask> as a soloist with members of the Bialystok Philharmonic. Tykocin is the area in Poland where Brecker's ancestors (mother's maiden name: Tecosky) hail from, a fact that Pawlik discovered. 2011 saw the release of The Jazz Ballad Song Book: <mask> with the Danish Radio Big Band and The Danish National Chamber Orchestra, which garnered four Grammy nominations and critical acclaim. In 2012, Legacy Recordings released the boxed set The Brecker Brothers – The Complete Arista Albums Collection. In November of that year the album Night in Calisia, a collaboration between Brecker, the Wlodek Pawlik Trio, the Kalisz Philharmonic Orchestra and Adam Klocek was released in Poland.The album came out in the US in August 2013, and won the 2014 Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album, Brecker's sixth Grammy Award. A Brecker Brothers Band Reunion tour of European festivals in the summer of 2013 supported Brecker's Brecker Brothers Band Reunion, a dual-disk project which was released on September 25, 2013, on Piloo Records. It features a live DVD recorded at the Blue Note in New York City with a new 11-song studio recording featuring members of the Brecker Brothers bands from throughout the years including David Sanborn, Mike Stern, Will Lee, and Dave Weckl. George Whitty produced the album, and Brecker's wife Ada Rovatti also played saxophone. The recording was released in North America by Magenta/E-One, in Europe by Moosicus Records in November and in Japan by Victor. It is dedicated to his brother, Michael, and other departed Brecker Brothers Band members. Discography

As leader
 Score (Solid State, 1969)
 Amanda (Passport, 1985) – with Eliane Elias
 In the Idiom (Denon, 1987)
 Live at Sweet Basil (GNP Crescendo, 1988)
 Toe to Toe (MCA, 1990)
 Into the Sun (Concord, 1997)
 Hangin' in the City (ESC, 2001)
 34th N Lex (ESC, 2003) – recorded in 2002
 Soul Bop Band Live (BHM Productions, 2004) – with Bill Evans
 Some Skunk Funk (Telarc, 2005) – with <mask> and others
 <mask> in Brasil (MAMA, 2008) – recorded in 2006
 Nostalgic Journey (Summit, 2009)
 The Jazz Ballad Song Book (Half Note/Red Dot, 2011) – with the Danish Radio Big Band
 Night in Calisia (Summit, 2013) – featuring Wlodek Pawlik Trio, Kalisz Philharmonic Orchestra & Adam
 The Brecker Brothers Band Reunion (Piloo, 2013)
 Dearborn Station (Jazzed Media, 2015) – with the DePaul University Jazz Ensemble
 Trumpet Summit Prague (Summit, 2015) – with Bobby Shew, Jan Hasenohrl
 Randypop!(Piloo, 2015)
 Together (MAMA, 2018) – with Mats Holmquist

As the Brecker Brothers
 The Brecker Bros. (Arista, 1975)
 Back to Back (Arista, 1976)
 Don't Stop the Music (Arista, 1977)
 Heavy Metal Be-Bop (Arista, 1978)
 Detente (Arista, 1980)
 Straphangin' (Arista, 1981)
 Return of the Brecker Brothers (GRP, 1992)
 Out of the Loop (GRP, 1994)

As GRP All-Star Big Band
 Dave Grusin Presents GRP All-Star Big Band Live! (GRP, 1993)
 All Blues (GRP, 1995)

As sideman

With George Benson
 Good King Bad (CTI, 1975)
 Pacific Fire (CTI, 1983)
 In Your Eyes (Warner Bros. Records, 1983)
 Big Boss Band (Warner Bros., 1990)

With Walter Bishop Jr. Soul Village (Muse, 1977)
 Cubicle (Muse, 1978)

With Frank Catalano
 Pins 'n' Needles (Lakeside, 1997)
 Live at the Green Mill (Delmark, 2000)

With Dreams
 Dreams (Columbia, 1970)
 Imagine My Surprise (Columbia, 1971)

With Hal Galper
 The Guerilla Band (Mainstream, 1971)
 Wild Bird (Mainstream, 1972)
 Reach Out! (SteepleChase, 1976)

With Bunky Green
 Places We've Never Been (Vanguard, 1979)

With Bob James
 Lucky Seven (Tappan Zee, 1979)
 H (Tappan Zee, 1980)

With Jimmy McGriff
 Red Beans (Groove Merchant, 1976)
 Tailgunner (LRC, 1977)

With Mingus Dynasty
 Live at the Theatre Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Vol. 1 (Soul Note, 1989) – recorded 1988
 Live at the Theatre Boulogne-Billancourt/Paris, Vol. 2 (Soul Note, 1993) – recorded 1988

With Idris Muhammad
 Power of Soul (Kudu, 1974)
 Could Heaven Ever Be Like This (Kudu, 1977)
 Camby Bolongo (Kudu, 1977)

With Jaco Pastorius
 Jaco Pastorius (1976)
 Invitation (Warner Bros, 1983)

With Duke Pearson
 Introducing Duke Pearson's Big Band (Blue Note, 1967)
 Now Hear This (Blue Note, 1968)

With Todd Rundgren
 Something/Anything?

masks:
Randal Edward Brecker
Brecker
Randy
Michael Brecker
Randy
Randy
Randy Brecker
Randy
Randy
Randy
Randy
Michael Brecker
Randy
Randy
Brecker
Breckerreck
Randy Breck
Randy
Randy
Randy
Randy Brecker
Michael Brecker
Randy


title: Robert J. O'Neill

type: original

texts:
<mask>. O'Neill (born 10 April 1976) is a former United States Navy SEAL (1996–2012) and former Fox News contributor. After participating in May 2011's Operation Neptune Spear with SEAL Team Six, O'Neill was the subject of controversy for claiming to be the sole individual to kill Osama bin Laden. Personal life
Born in Butte, Montana on 10 April 1976, <mask>. O'Neill is the son of Tom O'Neill, <mask> and <mask>, and the brother of Tom O'Neill. O'Neill described his childhood in Butte as "idyllic". He graduated from Butte Central High School in 1994, and has attended Montana Technological University. O'Neill married in March 2004, and has at least two children, though he and his spouse were legally separated by February 2013. A fan of the Washington Redskins, O'Neill was able to meet the team a week after his claim of shooting bin Laden was publicized in 2014.On 20 August 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, O'Neill tweeted a selfie of himself seated aboard a Delta Air Lines plane without a face mask; it was captioned "I'm not a pussy" and was followed by another that said, "Thank God it wasn't @Delta flying us in when we killed bin Laden … we weren't wearing masks". He later tweeted that he was banned by Delta. Career

United States Navy
O'Neill told Esquire that he found himself in a United States Navy recruiting office after a relationship breakup. After expressing interest in becoming a sniper, O'Neill enlisted on 29 January 1996, and joined the Navy SEALs that same year. O'Neill reported to Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL training (BUD/S) at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado and graduated from BUD/S class 208. In 2013, O'Neill told The Montana Standard that he helped rescue SEAL Marcus Luttrell in Afghanistan, and that he was SEAL Team Six's "lead paratrooper" in the rescue of Richard Phillips from the Maersk Alabama hijacking; these missions were the bases of the 2013 films Lone Survivor and Captain Phillips, respectively. However, the former commander of SEAL Team Six said in 2014 that O'Neill had not played a "singular role" on either mission, adding that "O’Neill's specific role on any of these missions is irrelevant because everything we do is as a team."During his enlistment, O'Neill received two Silver Stars, four Bronze Star Medals, a Joint Service Commendation Medal (with "V" device), three Presidential Unit Citations, and two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals (with "V" device). He served with SEAL Teams Two (1996–2001), Four (2001–2004), and Six (2004–2012), and attained the rank of senior chief petty officer. Upon his discharge from the Navy on 24 August 2012 (after ), O'Neill was still assigned to SEAL Team Six at Virginia Beach, Virginia and had six months and 15 days of sea service to his credit. O'Neill claimed in 2014 that he left the military because he no longer felt "adrenaline when people are shooting, and I knew that that could lead to complacency because if I am not afraid of, that I might wind up doing something stupid thinking that I can't get hurt". O'Neill estimated that with the Navy and SEALs, he annually earned . Killing Osama bin Laden

In an anonymous February 2013 interview, O'Neill told Esquire that he had killed Osama bin Laden during Operation Neptune Spear. In late 2014, in the run-up to credited Fox News and Washington Post stories on the same topic, O'Neill's name was leaked by other former special forces personnel who were protesting his violation of "a code of silence that forbids them from publicly taking credit for their actions."O'Neill claimed that he and another unnamed member of SEAL Team Six cornered bin Laden, and that after the other SEAL fired and missed, O'Neill killed the terrorist leader with shots to the head. Fellow SEAL Matt Bissonnette claims in No Easy Day that the unnamed sailor actually fired the killing shots. According to The Intercept interview of a former SEAL Team 6 member, when O'Neill arrived at the terrorist leader, bin Laden was already "bleeding out on the floor, possibly already dead, after being shot in the chest and leg by the lead assaulter on the raid." According to another SEAL, O'Neill merely walked over to the immobile al-Qaeda leader and shot him twice in the head. The Intercept said that both O'Neill's and Bissonnette's accountings of the mission "contain multiple self-serving falsehoods." , the federal government of the United States had neither confirmed nor denied O'Neill's claims, though Rear Admiral Brian L. Losey and Force Master Chief Michael Magaraci did encourage all SEALs to abide by their code of silence, saying, "At Naval Special Warfare's core is the SEAL ethos […] A critical  of our ethos is 'I do not advertise the nature of my work, nor seek recognition for my actions.' Our ethos is a life-long commitment and obligation, both in and out of the service.Violators of our ethos are neither teammates in good standing, nor teammates who represent Naval Special Warfare." Of his decision to lay claim to killing bin Laden, O'Neill told CBS News that "I think it's a difficult secret to keep, […] Everyone was proud. I think it was apparent that we had done it." In 2015, O'Neill and his family were allegedly threatened by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In 2017, he published a book with Simon & Schuster (The Operator, ) about his childhood, joining the SEALs, Naval counterterrorism, and Operation Neptune Spear. On October 14, 2020, US President Donald Trump re-tweeted an unfounded conspiracy theory that suggested Osama bin Laden was still alive and a body double was shot. O'Neill responded with a series of tweets, including "It was not a body double.Thank you Mr. President." That same month, CNN published an interview with retired Admiral William H. McRaven; the former flag officer who oversaw Neptune Spear responded to the claims mentioning that "Rob O'Neill, the SEAL that, in fact, shot bin Laden". Speaking
After separating from the US Navy, O'Neill began working as a motivational speaker. In 2015, he became a contributor to the cable news channel Fox News, though had left the company by August 2021, instead appearing on competitor Newsmax TV that October. References

External links

1976 births
21st-century biographers
21st-century male writers
American writers
autobiographers
killing of Osama bin Laden
living people
male biographers
motivational speakers
recipients of the Silver Star
SEAL Team Six personnel
United States Navy sailors

masks:
Robert J
Robert J
Jim
Diane Johnson


title: Michael Gardiner

texts:
<mask> (born 5 July 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the West Coast Eagles and the St Kilda Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Albany, Western Australia, <mask> played for the Claremont Football Club in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) before being drafted by West Coast with the number-one pick in the 1996 National Draft. He made his debut for the club in 1997, and over the next seasons replaced Ryan Turnbull as the club's first-choice ruckman. After being named in the All-Australian team in 2003, <mask> missed most of the 2004 season due to injury. Loss of form and a series of off-field controversies led to him being traded to St Kilda at the end of the 2006 season, having played total of 129 games for West Coast. During his time at St Kilda, <mask> added another 52 games, including St Kilda's 2009 and 2010 losing grand final teams, before retiring at the end of the 2011 season. Early life
<mask> was born in Albany, Western Australia, and played junior football for the Royals Football Club before heading to Perth Western Australia to play for Claremont Football Club in the WAFL.West Coast Eagles career
<mask> was the number 1 draft pick in the 1996 National Draft. <mask> debuted in 1997 at only 17 years of age. There were big wraps on <mask> as an emerging ruckman/forward. He did not disappoint, winning a Rising Star nomination in 1997 and All Australian selection in 2003. However, he was then limited by chronic knee injuries, and played 18 games in the next three seasons with the Eagles with Dean Cox becoming the leading ruckman in the AFL competition. Off-field controversies
In May 2005, <mask> and then West Coast teammate Ben Cousins were criticised for involvement with a group of alleged Perth underworld figures. Cousins and <mask> allegedly received phone calls from gangland figures both before and after a stabbing and shooting at the Metro City nightclub.Police questioned Cousins and <mask> about the incident but they refused to aid the inquiries. The Eagles told the pair that they were on their "last warning" and that their off field behaviour would not be tolerated. <mask>'s off field lifestyle was often seen as detrimental to the West Coast playing group and, in February 2006, in the midst of the Ben Cousins booze bus incident, he was dropped to the Western Australian Football League side Claremont indefinitely on grounds of poor performance and poor off field behaviour. On 18 July 2006, <mask>'s playing contract was suspended indefinitely and he was fined $5,000 following his involvement in a traffic accident in the Perth suburb of Scarborough. While he escaped the accident with only minor injuries, West Coast Eagles chief executive Trevor Nisbett said that it was highly unlikely the club would renew his contract at the end of the year. St Kilda Football Club

2006 Trade Period
With <mask>'s football career in limbo due to his effective sacking by the West Coast Eagles, speculation linked him with a trade to a Victorian-based club, with St Kilda or Carlton touted as the most likely destination for the ruckman. During the 2006 AFL Trade Period, the Eagles traded <mask> to St Kilda with a swap of third round draft picks (No.43 for No. 59). 2007 season
Due to persistent injuries, <mask> was unable to play any competitive AFL football during the 2007 season. 2008 season
<mask> started his St Kilda career by playing in the Saints' 2008 NAB Cup winning side, only the third time St Kilda had won a pre-season cup. During the AFL season <mask>, hampered by injury, only managed to play 8 games. However, his attitude and effort in training, combined with the glimpses of form and class he showed in his handful of games warranted playing on again the next season. 2009 season

The 2009 season saw <mask> return to some of his best football form.<mask> played in 16 of 22 matches in the 2009 home and away season in which St Kilda finished top of the ladder, winning the club's third minor premiership. He averaged 10 disposals and 20.5 hit outs per game, while proving a threat up forward, kicking 12 goals for the season. Though unfortunate to narrowly miss out on selection, <mask>'s return to form and value to the St Kilda side saw him touted as a potential All-Australian selection. <mask> played his 150th game of AFL football in the Saints' Round 13 match against Richmond, a remarkable milestone for a player who had battled persistent injuries that saw him cut down in his prime, before being delisted by the West Coast Eagles in 2006. Another of the highlights of the season for <mask> occurred the next week in the Round 14 blockbuster clash between the two undefeated sides of the competition - the Saints and the Cats. In front of an AFL record crowd of 54, 444 at Docklands Stadium, <mask> kicked four goals including the match-winner after a spectacular mark in the closing minutes of the game. <mask> would receive 3 Brownlow Medal votes in recognition of his performance as best player on ground against the Cats.St Kilda qualified for the 2009 AFL Grand Final after qualifying and preliminary finals wins. <mask> played in the grand final in which St Kilda were defeated by 12 points. 2010 season
<mask> had a stellar 2010 season. He played 22 games, the most he had ever played in a single season, during which he averaged 10.5 disposals, 17 hit-outs a game and kicked 10 goals for the year. He combined his aggression and mobility around the ground with masterful ruck performances, recording a top three finish in the competition for hit-outs to advantage. During the season, <mask> hit the headlines for a late night altercation with Carlton Football Club's Mitch Robinson. However, <mask>'s onfield performances helped the Saints reach the Grand Final, particularly his critical role in the Saints' Preliminary Final victory over the Bulldogs which included his kicking the first goal of the game.However, during the first half of the Grand Final, <mask> sustained a hamstring injury which prevented him from playing on, his absence being notable in a tightly contested drawn match. This injury led to his omission from the Grand Final Replay which the Saints would go on to lose. 2011 season
Hampered by persistent injuries throughout the season, <mask> was only able to play in one match – the round 24 victory against Carlton which secured finals football for the Saints. During the game, <mask> proved he had lost none of his ability with a 10 disposal half before being subbed out. The Carlton match would prove to be <mask>'s last AFL game before retiring after the Saints elimination final defeat to Sydney the following week. <mask> played 52 games for the Saints, during which time he returned to pre-eminence as one of the best ruckmen in the game and played a pivotal role in the Saints challenging for premierships during the 2009 and 2010 seasons. colspan=3| Career
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! 110
! 88
! 1325
! 714
! 2039
! 900
!73
! 3064
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! 3.9
! 11.3
!5.0
! 0.4
! 17.0
|}

Personal life
<mask> married Danielle McCann in late 2009 at a ceremony in South Melbourne, with Ben Cousins serving as his best man. His wife's sister, Haylea McCann, had married Adam Cooney of the  a week before, making Cooney his brother-in-law. References

External links

1979 births
All-Australians (AFL)
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Claremont Football Club players
Living people
People educated at Hale School
People educated at Wesley College, Perth
People from Albany, Western Australia
St Kilda Football Club players
West Coast Eagles players
Sandringham Football Club players

masks:
Michael Strickland Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Michael Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Michael Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner


title: Andrew Dyas MacLean

texts:
<mask> (November 20, 1896 – January 22, 1971) was a Canadian naval officer, journalist, and publisher. His role in a controversy over Canadian naval operations in 1943, near the height of the Battle of the Atlantic, continues to be debated by Canadian naval historians. In 1943 <mask>'s criticisms of the leadership of the Royal Canadian Navy, based on his personal experience and published in one of his magazines, led to questions in the House of Commons about the management of naval operations. Further investigations later that year eroded beyond repair the naval minister's confidence in Vice-Admiral Percy Nelles, until then chief of the Canadian naval staff, and Nelles was replaced early in 1944. Early years

<mask> was born in Toronto, the only child of <mask> and Elizabeth ('Bessie') Emma Matilda (née <mask>) <mask>. His mother died when he was six months old and he was raised by his maternal grandmother, <mask>. His grandfather, Thomas W<mask>, was the advertising and circulations manager of The Toronto Mail and of the Toronto Empire, and a founder of A. McKim and Company, the first advertising agency in Canada.<mask> was educated at Appleby College, Upper Canada College, and University of Toronto Schools. The Maclean publishing enterprises

In the 1880s and 1890s, <mask>'s father Hugh and uncle John Bayne Maclean — they adopted different spellings of their surname – worked together to build a substantial Canadian publishing enterprise. In 1899 J.B. Maclean bought out his brother and assumed full control of the Maclean Publishing Company, which later became Maclean-Hunter and then Rogers Communications. <mask> built a separate company, Hugh C. MacLean Publications, later part of Southam Publishing, then Canwest and then Postmedia News. J.B. Maclean's son and heir <mask> <mask> died in 1919, and he soon after proposed that <mask>, his nephew, succeed to a controlling interest in his publishing empire. <mask>, however, would make his business career with his father at Hugh C. MacLean Publications. Control of Maclean-Hunter eventually passed to Horace T. Hunter and other associates of J.B. Maclean, including Floyd Chalmers.Naval career and controversy

At the outbreak of the First World War, <mask> volunteered for service in the Royal Navy. After initial rejection because he was underage, he graduated from Royal Naval College, Greenwich in January 1917 and was commissioned as a Sub-lieutenant R.N.V.R. He served in the Mediterranean with the First Submarine Hunting Flotilla. He was promoted on the recommendation of Admiral Sir David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty and served in HMS Cleopatra – a fast cruiser that saw action in the North Sea with the Grand Fleet. He witnessed the German Navy's surrender at Scapa Flow. From 1927 to 1931, as a member of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve, he commanded the Toronto naval reserve station HMCS York. At the outbreak of the Second World War, while awaiting call up as a Canadian reserve naval officer, the ever-patriotic <mask> joined the Royal Canadian Air Force RCAF and served in its Marine Section before returning to the Royal Canadian Navy [RCN].Sent on loan to the Royal Navy, he was given command of a convoy trawler, HMS St. Zeno. He later represented the Admiralty for the acceptance trials of Fairmile Submarine Chasers and Motor Gun Boats. He was ordered back to Canada to organise RCN Submarine Chasers and became Senior Officer Fairmiles. Fairmiles, motor launches 34 metres long with a crew of about 15, were useful for coastal duties, but the ocean-going anti-submarine war was dominated by corvettes. <mask> campaigned for modernization and reorganization of the Fairmile fleet and, more generally, for better treatment of reserve officers like himself. <mask> saw the careerism of some civil servants and senior officers as dereliction of duty. His frustration with the naval command led to his retirement from the navy in October 1942, age 45.He returned to the family publishing business and subsequently made his concerns public in an issue of Boating Magazine. <mask> outlined his experience with the Fairmiles and argued that the expertise of patriotic and dedicated naval reserve personnel like himself was being dismissed by the small coterie of permanent force officers who dominated Canadian naval headquarters. <mask>'s blunt criticisms provoked questions in the Canadian Parliament and a rebuttal from the Minister of National Defence for naval services, Angus Lewis Macdonald

The controversy over <mask>'s charges was followed in the summer and fall of 1943 by confidential in-service criticisms from active duty officers, many of them reserve officers. These focussed on the outdated equipment and inadequate training of the RCN corvette fleet that was then engaged in transatlantic convoy duty and the anti-submarine campaign. The Naval Minister lost confidence in Vice-Admiral Percy C. Nelles, and he was removed as Chief of the Naval Staff in January 1944. Nelles's strengths and weaknesses, and the degree to which <mask>'s attack had eroded Minister Macdonald's confidence in the naval high command before the corvette officers' "equipment crisis," continue to be debated by Canadian scholars. <mask> is not mentioned in the official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War, but a critical account of his actions by historian Richard Mayne led in 2014-15 to publication of a defence of <mask> by his son, the author <mask>, and a response by Mayne.Publishing career

Following the end of the First World War, <mask> had joined Hugh C. MacLean Publishing and worked for the company for most of the next forty years. Between 1932 and 1934, he served as Secretary to Prime Minister R. B. Bennett and later published his reminiscences of Bennett. <mask> became a director of Hugh C. MacLean Publishing in 1922 and president in 1947 after the death of his father. During that time he launched Canada's first photo tabloid newspaper, the Toronto News Mirror (1923–25). He later founded the Canadian Magazine. In addition he was a director of the Muskoka Navigation & Hotel Company for many years. In 1954 Hugh C. MacLean Publications built Canada's most modern printing plant in Don Mills.At the time the firm's fifteen publications had a combined readership of 145,000. In 1961, following a family dispute, the Board replaced <mask> as president. In 1964 the firm became part of Southam Business Publications..

Later life
MacLean carried on the family publishing tradition under the name Andrew MacLean Limited. Based in Gravenhurst, Ontario he published a number of weekly newspapers, including Muskoka News. He married twice, and had five children: Hugh Armstrong <mask>, Hector Iain <mask>, author <mask>, <mask> <mask> and Marlie <mask>. He died in Nassau, Bahamas. Notes

Further reading
 W.A.B.Douglas, Roger Sarty, Michael Whitby, (2002) The Official Operational History of the Royal Canadian Navy in the Second World War, Vol. II, part 1, No Higher Purpose St. Catharines: Vanwell. External links
 Ontario Archives holdings for the family of <mask><mask>
 andrewdmaclean.ca

Royal Canadian Navy officers
Canadian newspaper publishers (people)
People from Old Toronto
1896 births
1971 deaths
Maclean's

masks:
Andrew Dyas MacLean
MacLean
Andrew MacLean
Hugh Cameron MacLean
Dyas
MacLean
Emma Ball Dyas
. Dyas
MacLean
MacLean
Hugh MacLean
Hector Andrew
Fitzroy MacLean
Andrew MacLean
Andrew MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
Rory MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
MacLean
Rory MacLean
Andrew Howe
MacLean
Anne MacLean
Andrew D
. MacLean


title: Everett P. Pope

texts:
Major <mask> (July 16, 1919 – July 16, 2009) was a United States Marine who received the Medal of Honor for his conspicuous gallantry on Peleliu in September 1944 while leading his men in an assault on a strategic hill, and for holding it, with rocks and bare fists when ammunition ran low, against Japanese suicide attacks. Early life
<mask> was born on July 16, 1919, in Milton, Massachusetts, the son of <mask> and <mask>. He later moved to North Quincy, where he graduated from North Quincy High School in 1936. He attended Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine, and excelled in both academics and athletics. He was the captain of the state-champion tennis team and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa honor society and the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Shortly after graduating magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Science degree in French in June 1941, he enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps. In about 1942, <mask> married his high school sweetheart, Eleanor Hawkins.The couple had two sons, Laurence E. and Ralph H<mask>. Laurence later served as the U.S. Ambassador to Chad. Marine Corps career
After basic training, <mask> attended Officer Candidate School and, on November 1, 1941, was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve. He trained at Quantico, Virginia, and New River, North Carolina, then went overseas in June 1942 with 1st Battalion, 1st Marines. On August 7, 1942, as the leader of a machine gun platoon, he participated in the landing and action at Guadalcanal. In 1943, he was transferred to Melbourne, Australia, with his unit.Later, he again went into combat, as a company commander with the 1st Marine Regiment, in the Cape Gloucester, New Britain campaign, from December 1943 to April 1944. In the mopping-up operations which followed, he led a 14-man patrol that in one day killed 20 and captured seven enemy soldiers during a  trek over jungle trails. From September 12 to 30, 1944, he took part in action in the Peleliu campaign during which he acted with "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty", and for which he would later be awarded the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart. Wounded in action on September 20, he returned to duty the next day, and remained overseas until November 1944. <mask> was promoted to major in January 1945 and assigned for one year as a student in the Japanese language course at Yale University. On July 16, 1946, he was assigned an inactive duty status in the Marine Corps, and returned to his home and private employment in Massachusetts. There he became affiliated with the Marine Corps Reserve and commanded the 2nd Infantry Battalion, USMCR, Hingham, Massachusetts, until August 1950, when he was called to active duty with his battalion upon the outbreak of the Korean War.He served as executive officer of 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, until September 1951, when he was released to inactive duty and, shortly thereafter, resigned his commission in the Marine Corps. Medal of Honor action

On September 20, 1944, Captain <mask> and his company set out to storm Hill 100, the steep and barren coral southern slope of a long ridge that the Japanese dubbed "East Mountain" as it sat to the east of the center of Bloodynose ridge. Initially, the Marines had the support of two M4 Sherman tanks, but on the approach to Hill 100 both of them slipped off of the sides of a narrow causeway, immobilizing them. Miraculously, although this narrow causeway was a prime target for the Japanese, all of Captain <mask>'s men managed to run across it without sustaining any casualties. Heavy fire from adjacent ridges across Horseshoe Valley to the West and Southwest plagued the Marines at the base of the hill and continued to do so as they made their steady ascent. Upon reaching the peak of Hill 100 and sustaining over 60 casualties in the process, the Marines realized that their maps were wrong and that "hill" 100 was actually a very long and narrow ridge with high ground and Japanese positions several yards to their north. From almost point-blank range, Japanese mortars and field guns opened up on them from atop the ridge as well as from the adjacent peaks and hills in the surrounding area.<mask> and his men took Hill 100 at dusk after hours of bloody fighting that nearly annihilated the group. Forced to deploy his men thinly, he nevertheless determined to hold his ground for the night. Immediately after darkness fell, the Japanese started to attack, first in small infiltrating bands, then in groups of 20 to 25. Each time, the Marines opened fire with everything they had: one light machine gun, several Tommy guns and rifles, and a limited supply of hand grenades. When the grenades ran low, they hurled rocks. "We would throw three or four rocks, then a grenade. The Japanese didn't know which were which," one Marine said.By sunrise, the Marines were beating off the enemy with bare fists and hurling ammunition boxes at them. Finally only eight riflemen remained. When daylight brought deadly Japanese artillery fire, <mask> was ordered to withdraw and did so under the cover of smoke shells. For these actions, <mask> was presented with the Medal of Honor by President Harry Truman during a ceremony in 1945. It was Truman's first Medal of Honor presentation, and he told <mask> that he would rather have the medal than be president. Later life

After his military service, <mask> began a career as a banker. He was president of the Workmen's Co-operative Bank in Boston, Massachusetts, for more than 25 years beginning in 1953.At the start of his tenure, he was the youngest bank president in New England at age 34. He worked in savings and loans and supported the federal student loan program, serving in 1982 as the first chairman of the board of Massachusetts Higher Education Assistance Corporation. After retiring in 1983, he returned to Brunswick, Maine, and lived near his alma mater, Bowdoin College. He was active on Bowdoin's governing boards for 27 years, from 1961 to 1988, serving as president of the board of overseers and chair of the board of trustees. He established the Pope Scholarship Fund in the 1980s and, with other Bowdoin alumni, established the Haldane Cup, an award presented to a senior who demonstrates the leadership and character of Marine Corps Captain Andrew Haldane. Haldane, who was killed in the Battle of Peleliu, was the captain of the 1940 Bowdoin football team and a classmate of <mask>. In 1987, the school awarded <mask> an honorary Doctor of Laws degree.<mask> and his wife Eleanor lived on Amelia Island in Florida and on Great Pond in Belgrade Lakes, Maine, before failing health spurred them to return to the midcoast area of Maine to be nearer their sons. The couple entered the Hill House assisted-living facility in Bath in September 2008. His wife died there in January 2009, and <mask> himself died six months later, on the morning of his 90th birthday. <mask> and <mask> were cremated and, on September 15, 2009, buried together in Arlington National Cemetery. Medal of Honor citation
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting the MEDAL OF HONOR to

for service as set forth in the following CITATION:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as Commanding Officer of Company C, First Battalion, First Marines, First Marine Division, during action against enemy Japanese forces on Peleliu Island, Palau Group, on 19–20 September 1944. Subjected to point-blank cannon fire which caused heavy casualties and badly disorganized his company while assaulting a steep coral hill, Captain <mask> rallied his men and gallantly led them to the summit in the face of machine-gun, mortar, and sniper fire. Forced by widespread hostile attack to deploy the remnants of his company thinly in order to hold the ground won, and with his machine-guns out of action and insufficient water and ammunition, he remained on the exposed hill with twelve men and one wounded officer, determined to hold through the night.Attacked continuously with grenades, machine-guns, and rifles from three sides and twice subjected to suicidal charges during the night, he and his valiant men fiercely beat back or destroyed the enemy, resorting to hand-to-hand combat as the supply of ammunition dwindled and still maintaining his lines with his eight remaining riflemen when daylight brought more deadly fire and he was ordered to withdraw. His valiant leadership against devastating odds while protecting the units below from heavy Japanese attack reflects the highest credit upon Captain <mask> and the United States Naval Service

/S/ FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients
 List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

References
Inline

General

Further reading
 Hallas, James. The Devil's Anvil: The Assault on Peleliu, Praeger Publishers, 1994. ()
 McMillan, George. The Old Breed: A History of the First Marine Division in World War II, Zenger Pub.,  1983. ()

1919 births
2009 deaths
Bowdoin College alumni
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients
People from Quincy, Massachusetts
People from Milton, Massachusetts
Military personnel from Massachusetts
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
North Quincy High School alumni

masks:
Everett Parker Pope
Pope
Laurence Everett Pope
Ruth Parker Pope
Pope
. Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Pope
Everett
Eleanor Pope
Pope
Pope


title: Maria Devigili

texts:
<mask>  is an Italian guitarist / singer / songwriter/ videomaker and musician from Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. Early life
<mask> started her professional career as a musician in the 2009, when she left her job as press officer in a software house and devoted herself entirely to music. Since her childhood she had composed many songs but had never played in a club or officially released a record. <mask> came from a worker-farmer family in which the primary objective was the concreteness of a safe job. So as a teenager she entered the world of work, initially working only during the summer season, then after she turned 20 she began working permanently to pay the rent and to support her studies at the University of Philosophy in Trento and then the specialization in Verona. In those years she never stopped making music but she limited it to her spare time and rather secretly. Around 2004 <mask> saw on MTV Italia the rapper J-Ax talking about the online sharing platform for musicians names MYSPACE.<mask> decided to join the site under the name of Reiniku. With that name <mask> put many of her pieces online and for the first time she came into contact with many other Italian and international musicians and started new collaborations. In the end of 2008, <mask>li started to embrace the idea of dedicating herself to the world of music but the work activities to pay rent and the university specialization attendance still took a large part of her time. Towards the end of 2008 pushed by a friend, one late evening under the arcades of Piazza Maggiore in Bologna she played some of her songs on the street for the first time. When someone left 5 Euros in her case, <mask> realized that perhaps she could make her songs and pay the rent at the same time. The beginnings of busking and life on the road
And so, in 2009, she left her job to begin to dedicate herself entirely to music, first by doing street concerts and immediately afterwards club shows. She also stopped her studies at the University, focusing all of her time and energy on her new career.In that time she was living between Bologna, in the north center of Italy considered "the music city", an open-mind environment, full of artists, and another city Trento her family's town, a smaller and quiet town not too far from Germany. Famous for the Council of Trent. At the same time, she was participating in numerous contests for emerging songwriters, both local and national. From the beginning <mask> immediately attracted attention in the local scene of Trento, When she was asked the question in an interview for a local contest for emerging artists "What is jour job? she answered: "I'm a musician, I play my songs in the street to pay my rent". Manuel Codignoni  "<mask>, vita on the road" TGR "Il Settimanale" 4/3/2010

What shocked the Bologna and Trentino public was also the fact that she was a female musician playing her songs in the streets or in some bars all over Italy, using just the train as a means of transportation and without any roadie support. At the time in Italy it was very rare to even hear about female singer-songwriters and especially in the small town of Trento.For this reason, even before releasing her first official record, in 2011 <mask> was already a name in the local scene and often on the newspapers and even on the local TVs. From the Premio Pavanello to the release of the first EP

In early September 2010, <mask>li won the Premio Pavanello, national contest for young songwriters Marika Damaggio "Premio Pavanello"  Marika Damaggio " Pavanello a <mask>li: i Poeti la mia ispirazione
The prize was the production of an EP with the label Gulliver Studio Production, which culminated with her first official record release, La Semplicità, the 20 November 2011 Katja Casagranda 11.14.2011 "La Semplicità è il modo d'essere di <mask>gili" . 2012: The change of the sound and Motori e Introspezioni

In early 2012 <mask>li bought her first electric guitar. Before that she had played only classical or acoustic guitars. The change in her sound became evident in her first album Motori e Introspezioni. Essentially based on her raw electric guitar sounds and the percussions of Stefano Orzes. The album was recorded in June 2012 at the Igloo Audio Factory in Correggio (Reggio Emilia)   during the days of the
Northern Italian Earthquakes.Motori e introspezioni contains the cover of Franco Battiato ’s song  "Aria di Rivoluzione" and the musical adaption
of the poem "L’Albatros" by Charles Baudelaire. The album was recorded and arranged by Andrea Sologni of Gazebo Penguins
and it was released in the autumn of 2012 with the digital distribution by Orchard and Audioglobe. The second album: the increase in notoriety in the Italian indie scene

During the summer of 2014, <mask> launched an online fundraising campaign for the production of her second album La Trasformazione. The campaign was launched on the digital platform Music Raiser. The platform was founded by Giovanni Gulino, leader of the historical alternative Italian band Marta sui Tubi and the dj and producer Tania Varuni. The campaign was successful and during the autumn <mask> recorded the album in Bologna at the Studio Spaziale  with the audio engineering Enrico Baraldi and Rettura. During the recordings time the indie label Riff Records propose to be part of the production and of the release of the album with the distributor partner Good Fellas and the publisher Buzz Supreme.The album was released in March 2015. RIFF Records Release. The album features the important Italian songwriters, Claudio Lolli, and Francesca Bono of the indie rock band Ofeliadorme. and it was released in March 2015. The promotional launch of the second album of <mask>li was handled by the press agency Fleisch whose roster is composed by the most quoted Italian alternative rock bands; like Afterhours and Verdena. In April 2015 <mask> entered the contest Bologna Palco Aperto. A contest dedicated to the memory of Roberto “Freak” Antoni, leader of Skiantos.The art director of the contest was the Italian singer-songwriter Eugenio Finardi. <mask> won the first prize which consisted of playing on the workers' day Festival on May 1 in Piazza Maggiore in Bologna. On that occasion, <mask> came in contact with Giuvazza,  guitarist and producer of Finardi, with which she began a collaboration. Their first works together materialized after some months with the production of the song Inconsapevoli on which Giuvazza did the artistic production. They proposed the song to the popular contest Sanremo Giovani (Sanremo Young) but the song was refused. Giuvazza did the artistic production of other subsequent songs of the songwriter and which are found in her third album Tempus Fugit. In the autumn of 2015 Rockit, an Italian music fanzine, put <mask>li in a special list of 10 most interesting Italian female indie singer-songwriters.The 2017 American Release of La Trasformazione video was subsequently accepted for the Grammy 2018 First Round Ballots. Musicians and collaborations

From 2009 to the present day <mask> has had a very intense concert activity preferring minimal live sets and solo or duo. During the most part of 2010, she was on tour with the double bass player Giovanni Cannata, which collaborated for many years with the famous Italian theatrical actor and artist Moni Ovadia. During the first months of 2011 <mask> was on tour with the poly-instrumental player Osman Meyredy now living in Amsterdam and active in several bands like the famous Zappa tribute band Zappatika. From 2011 and 2017, <mask>li played in duo with Stefano Orzes, painter and drummer active in several indie bands in Italy from the end of the Nineties until now. Bands like The Crazy Crazy World of Mr Rubik and with Giorgio Canali Rosso Fuoco. 2020 and COVID-19
From January 2020 until July <mask> was stranded in Las Vegas Nevada USA due to travel restrictions in place for the coronavirus.An unwitting expat, several media outlets requested interviews with <mask> from her American perspective on the COVID-19 situation. New Works
On 5 June 2020 <mask>li released her new single "Io, tu e le cose" about the taboo topic of the menstrual cycle. She composed the song during January 2019 for a female's music initiative named "il Festivalino di Anatomia Femminile" (the "Little Festival of Female Anatomy" ) created by the Italian journalist and music critic "Michele Monina". Leading up to the festival he asked <mask> and a group of other indie female songwriters to compose a song about the "female body". A project to be presented at Sanremo in February 2019 during the days of the Music Sanremo Music Festival  a very popular song contest held in the city since 1951. Publications in Italy and America are seeing her most recent projects as a huge leap forward artistically. Even while in America the press follows her.Here is a news paper article about a television review. Radio and Television
June 10, 2020 Interview by MusicAttitude.it . Starting in February 2021 <mask> has been the creator and host of "Ecce Cantautrice", the first radio broadcast about female singer-songwriters in Italy. The program is broadcast on Radio Tandem, an historic Bolzano radio station that is very important as regards the struggles for civil rights, feminism and bilingualism. Theater and Stage
"Storie di Donne Unite Dalla Notte" (2019)
Since 2011 she makes the musics of the theatrical reading "Un Viale da Mezzanotte all'Una" of Pietro Laino, with the actress Annalisa Morsella

"Un Viale da Mezzanotte all'Una: Tre Donne, Tre Storie"
Abbiamo assistito al Pippo Foodchillstage allo spettacolo scritto e prodotto da Pietro Laino "Un viale da mezzanotte all'una: tre donne, tre storie." Il tema affrontato era quello della violenza sulle donne, argomento molto sentito dal regista." 17.10.2017

Awards and Recognition
'PREMIO PAVANELLO AWARD 2010'
 (2010)

Her reward was the production of her ﬁrst EP La Semplicità with the label Gulliver Studio Production: http://www.gulliverstudio.it/

With the audio engineer Alessandro Battisti: Alessandro Battisti Website

Discography
"Io, tu e le cose" (2020)
(Self Produced)

"Tempus Fugit" (2018)
(Riff Records / Cardio Productions)

"La Trasformazione" (2015)
(Riff Records / Goodfellas)

"Motori e Introspezioni"
(2012)(Audioglobe)

"La Semplicità" (2011)
(Gulliver Productions) 2011

Endorsements
Maria Devigili is endorsed by the following music brands."Zt Amplifiers"

"Stefy Music - Danelectro"

"Stefy Line Bags and Straps Factory"

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Italian women musicians
Italian women singer-songwriters
Italian singer-songwriters
Italian guitarists
21st-century Italian women singers

masks:
Maria Devigili
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria Devigi
Maria Devi
Maria Devigi
Maria Devigili
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria
Maria
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria
Maria
Maria Devigi
Maria
Maria Devigili


title: Julian Abele

texts:
<mask> (April 30, 1881April 23, 1950) was a prominent American architect, and chief designer in the offices of Horace Trumbauer. He contributed to the design of more than 400 buildings, including the Widener Memorial Library at Harvard University (1912–15), Philadelphia's
Central Library (1917–27), and the Philadelphia Museum of Art (1914–28). He was the primary designer of the west campus of Duke University (1924–54). <mask>'s contributions to the Trumbauer firm were great, but the only building for which he claimed authorship during Trumbauer's lifetime was Duke University Chapel. Following Trumbauer's 1938 death, he co-headed the architectural firm and designed additional buildings at Duke, including Allen Administrative Building and Cameron Indoor Stadium. Background
<mask> was born in Philadelphia into a prominent family. His maternal grandfather was Robert Jones, who in the late 18th century founded the city's Lombard Street Central Presbyterian Church.He was also related to Absalom Jones, who established the African Episcopal Church of St. Thomas in 1794, the first Black church in Philadelphia. His nephew, <mask> Cook, worked as the Building Coordinator for Howard University, and Abele's son, <mask> <mask>, Jr. was an architectural engineer. Abele worked in many media: watercolor, lithography, etching and pencil, wood, iron, gold and silver. He designed and constructed all of his own furniture, even doing the petit point himself. While he knew many historic styles, he seemed to love Louis XIV French most of all. Education

Abele attended the Quaker-run Institute for Colored Youth, which later became Cheyney University, where he excelled in mathematics and was chosen to deliver the commencement address. In 1898, he completed a two-year architectural drawing course at the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art (PMSIA, now University of the Arts).He was the first Black student admitted to the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. This achievement was all the more noteworthy for the restrictions Black people faced at the university, including not being able to live in dormitories or dine in the school's cafeteria. On projects assigned to pairs of students, he partnered with Louis Magaziner, the only Jewish student in the department, who also faced discrimination. This was the beginning of a lifelong friendship between the two. He won a 1901 student competition to design a Beaux Arts pedestrian gateway. His submission was in the form of an exedra – a curved bench flanked by piers, but with steps passing through its center. This became his first commission when it was built on the campus of Haverford College.The Edward B. Conklin Memorial Gate stands at the Railroad Avenue entrance to the college. He was widely respected among his peers, earning the nickname "Willing and Able", and also won student awards for his designs for a post office and a museum of botany, and he was elected as the president of the university's Architectural Society. He became the University of Pennsylvania architecture department's first Black graduate in 1902. He worked part-time for a local architect and attend evening classes at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Under the financial sponsorship of Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer, he traveled through France and Italy, an experience that was to influence his design work throughout his life. École des Beaux-Arts
Between 1903 and his hiring by Horace Trumbauer in 1906, Abele traveled throughout Europe. His descendants contend that he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris during his stay.But Sandra L. Tatman, co-author of The Biographical Dictionary of Philadelphia Architects, 1700-1930, could find no record of his having been enrolled at the École. She allows that he may have been permitted to informally sit in on the school's atelier. She also notes that Abele listed travel to France, Italy, England, Germany, Switzerland, and Spain on his membership application to the American Institute of Architects (AIA), but not study at the École des Beaux-Arts. Career

Immediately after his graduation from UPenn in 1902, Abele traveled west to Spokane, Washington, where he designed a house for his sister, <mask> Cook, before returning east. In 1906, Abele joined the Trumbauer firm as assistant to chief designer Frank Seeburger. When Seeburger left the firm in 1909, Abele advanced to chief designer. Abele's stature within the firm was no secret; he was the second-highest paid employee.He was an architect. Art historian David B. Brownlee studied the 14-year effort to design and build the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1914-28. He credits Trumbauer architect Howell Lewis Shay with the building's plan and massing, but notes that the final perspective drawings are in Abele's distinctive hand. Design of the exterior terracing, including the front steps celebrated in the 1976 film Rocky, is credited to <mask>. Following Trumbauer's death in 1938, the firm continued until 1950 under the name "Office of Horace Trumbauer," co-headed by <mask> and William O. Frank. Commissions were hard to come by during The Depression and World War II, but the firm completed Duke Indoor Stadium at Duke University in 1940, which was renamed Cameron Indoor Stadium in 1972, and later made additions to Duke's Library (1948) and designed Duke's Allen Administrative Building (1954). When Abele joined the American Institute of Architects in 1942, Philadelphia Museum of Art director Fiske Kimball called him "one of the most sensitive designers in America".Smithsonian Magazine described him, in a career retrospective, as "probably the most accomplished [Black architect] of his era." Despite being the primary designer of Duke University, Abele was refused accommodations at a Durham hotel during a visit to campus. Although it was not until 1988 that a portrait of him was displayed at the University, the main quad at Duke University is now officially named Abele Quad with a dedication plaque prominently placed at the busiest spot on campus. Personal
In 1925, at the age of 44, he married Marguerite Bulle, a French pianist 20 years his junior. They had three children: <mask>, Jr., Marguerite Marie <mask> (died young), and Nadia Boulanger <mask>. Marguerite left him in 1936, to become the common-law wife of opera singer Jozef Kowalewski, with whom she had three additional children. Because Abele never took action to divorce his wife, the Kowalewski children shared in his estate.He died from a heart attack in 1950, in Philadelphia and is interred at Eden Cemetery in Collingdale, Pennsylvania. Legacy
The Allen Administration Building at Duke University, which he designed, was completed after his death in 1950. In 1988 Duke University honored Abele with his portrait that is displayed in the main lobby of the Allen Building. It was the first portrait of an African-American to be displayed on the campus. To prominently acknowledge his contribution to Duke University's West Campus, the main quad at Duke is now officially named Abele Quad with a dedication plaque prominently placed at the very center of west campus. On August 17, 2012, construction began on <mask>e Park, at 22nd & Carpenter Streets in Philadelphia. Architectural historian Dreck Spurlock Wilson is preparing the first biography of Abele.Gallery

See also
 List of Cheyney University of Pennsylvania alumni

References

Further reading
 Doyle, Rachel B., "Meet the black architect who designed Duke University 37 years before he could have attended it",Curbed, December 6, 2017
 Magaziner, Henry J., As I Remember <mask>, (unpublished typescript, biography file, Athenaeum of Philadelphia). The author was the son of Abele's friend Louis Magaziner. Maher, James T., The Twilight of Splendor; Chronicles of the Age of American Palaces, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975). Tifft, Susan E., "Out of the Shadows: After decades of obscurity, African-American architect <mask> is finally getting recognition for his contributions to some of 20th-century America's most prestigious buildings", Smithsonian Magazine, February 2005. Wilson, Dreck Spurlock, African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945, (London: Routledge-Taylor & Francis Books, 2004). Wilson, Dreck Spurlock, "<mask>, Architect and the Beaux Arts", (London: Routledge-Taylor & Francis Books, 2019). External links

<mask>, <mask> (1881 - 1950) — "Philadelphia Architects and Buildings" biography.<mask>: Hidden in the Shadows — Duke University Historical Note, University Archives. <mask> — at the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art. The Winterthur Library  — Overview of an archival collection featuring <mask>. <mask>, Architect and the Beaux Arts  — Information on architect <mask>, including Building and Artwork Galleries. 1881 births
1950 deaths
Architects from Philadelphia
Burials at Eden Cemetery (Collingdale, Pennsylvania)
Duke University people
Cheyney University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni
African-American architects
20th-century American architects
20th-century African-American artists

masks:
Julian Francis Abele
Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Francis
Abele
Elizabeth Abele
Abele
Abele
Julian Abele
Abele
Abele
Julian Abel
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Abele
Julian
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Abele
Julian Abele


title: Lodewijk Grondijs

texts:
<mask> (25 September 1878, Pamekasan – 17 March 1961 The Hague) or Louis Grondijs was a Dutch Byzantologist, physics teacher, war correspondent and soldier. Early life

<mask> was born in the Dutch East-Indies, now known as Indonesia, and via his mother was one eighth Indonesian. He spent most of his youth in the East Indies and graduated in 1896 from grammar school in Surabaya. From 1902 to 1903 he lived in a Christian anarchist commune called “I Broederschap” (International Brotherhood). A gifted academic, he graduated in mathematics and physics at Utrecht University in 1905 and continued his studies in philosophy and mathematics at Leiden University. He was an editor the  (Journal of Philosophy) from 1907 to 1932. Upon finishing his education Grondijs went to work as a physics teacher at the Willem II College.Great War
Working as a teacher at the Dordrecht Technical Institute in 1914, he quit his post when the Great War broke out and secured a position as war-correspondent for the Dutch newspaper Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant,  traveling to Belgium. He covered the early events of the war in Aerschot, the German war crimes at Leuven as well as the siege of Antwerp. He wrote a book on his experience there: The Germans in Belgium - Notes by a Dutch Eye-Witness. He went on to visit the French, Russian and then the Romanian front, working as a war-correspondent for various international newspapers and news-magazines. Throughout he joined in the fighting with the soldiers. For saving fifty Belgian clergymen from German execution during the Rape of Belgium period, including the rector magnificus of the famous Catholic University of Leuven, he was decorated officer in the Belgian Order of the Crown. Later in September 1915, he left for Russia at the invitation of general Aleksei Brusilov where he was allowed to accompany the Russian 8th Army as a correspondent of The Daily Telegraph.Many of his vividly written articles on warfare on the Eastern Front were published in the prestigious French newsweekly l'Illustration. He apparently respected the fighting qualities of the common Russian soldier and expressed his admiration numerous times in his articles. And although an academic by profession, he seemed to relish the adventure and excitement of war-time journalism and of warfare itself; he is said to have taken active part in combat along with his Russian hosts on many occasions. For this, he was decorated with the Imperial Russian Order of St. George, Order of St. Stanislaus, Order of St. Anna and Order of St. Vladimir. Grondijs was in Petrograd when the February Revolution took place there. After the October Revolution he joined the White forces in southern Russia, where he joined counter-revolutionary armies of generals Lavr Kornilov and Mikhail Alekseev and reported on the Russian Civil War. In June 1918 he was the only western war correspondent to join the Volunteer Army in the Kuban Campaign.Oddly he appears to have found the time to obtain a doctor's degree in physics at the University of Kharkov in 1917 on the thesis . He also became an honorary captain of the French army as an official war correspondent in Siberia, where he met his future wife during this period. After the Bolshevik victory he settled in Paris, becoming associated with the Laboratoire des recherches physiques and studying Byzantology and art history. In 1918 he became an accredited war-correspondent to the French government, for which later that year he travelled to the USA, Japan and the Russian Far East. In the US he met former president Teddy Roosevelt and Tomáš Masaryk who became in 1920 president of Czechoslovakia. From Japan he returned to Russia, holding the honorary rank of captain in the French Army and following and reporting on events with the French Military Mission in Siberia during the years 1918-1920. For this, he was decorated with the French Légion d'Honneur á titre militaire and the Order of the Rising Sun of Japan.He married Antonie Therese Marie Thekla van Embden in 1908, and divorced her in the late 1910s. During the Russian Civil War, he married Valentine de Gontjarenko Petrenko, a concert pianist. After the definitive Bolshevik victory he returned to Europe, openly professing his anti-Bolshevik views in articles and lectures. Inter-war period
In the early 1920s he settled in Paris working for the  of the Sorbonne and studying history of arts and Byzantology. In 1928 he returned to the Netherlands and due to his by Dutch standards extraordinary knowledge of art history he was made teacher of the history of Byzantine and Russian culture at Royal University of Utrecht by 1931. He also became secretary of the anti-Soviet anti-communist Comité voor Nationale Samenwerking (comité for national cooperation). In 1935 became a full professor of Byzantine history and art at Utrecht University.In 1939 he became associate professor of iconography and church art. From 1929 to 1936 he was an employee of De Rijkseenheid, a pro-colonial periodical. In 1932 and 1933 he fought on the Japanese side in Manchuria. He also joined the nationalists in the Spanish Civil War and agitated for them upon returning home. In the 1930s he was also involved in archaeological excavations. Love of adventure and war must have been irresistible, for he later went to Manchuria to report on the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. He met with Chiang Kai-shek, Puyi and Thubten Chökyi Nyima the Panchen Lama.In 1936-37 he was in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, afterwards in 1939 accompanying the Hungarian army as it occupied Ruthenia, as a result of the Munich Agreement. World War II
After the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union in Operation Barbarossa, they requested Grondijs to write anti-Bolshevik articles but he instead published one about the valiancy of the Russian war effort in World War One. His openly expressed appreciation of the bravery of Russian fighting-men, based upon his first-hand experiences during the Great War, did little to endear him to the occupying German and collaborating Netherlands authorities and he was dropped from favor, apparently narrowly missing incarceration because of these views. In 1941 he obtained his second doctor's degree at the Sorbonne with the thesis . He was made professor shortly before the end of the war. Subsequent life
While associating with SS and NSB personnel during the war he denied claims of collaboration. After an inquiry due to the suspicious promotion late in the war he left the academic life behind though he kept publishing.He died in 1961 at age 82 while fencing. References

External links
Biography by M.C. Jansen at the Institute for Dutch History website (in Dutch)
Les Allemands en Belgique
Les Aigles du Tsar

Dutch Byzantinists
Dutch war correspondents
White movement people
Utrecht University faculty
Utrecht University alumni
1878 births
1961 deaths
Dutch art historians
National University of Kharkiv alumni
Leiden University alumni
University of Paris alumni
Dutch archaeologists
Dutch people of Indonesian descent

Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
People from East Java
Dutch people of World War I
Scholars of Byzantine history
Historians of Byzantine art

masks:
Lodewijk Herman Grondijs
Grondijs


title: Carlton Haselrig

texts:
<mask> (January 22, 1966 – July 22, 2020) was an American heavyweight wrestler and NFL player. <mask> wrestled for University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown. He is the only person to win six NCAA titles in wrestling, three times in Division II and three times in Division I. His Three-Peat of Division II & Division I NCAA National Championships were won in 1987, 1988, and 1989. All six championships were won for Pitt–Johnstown. <mask> then moved on to professional football, where he played five seasons in the NFL, becoming a Pro Bowl guard in 1992. In 2008, he made his mixed martial arts debut in Atlantic City, New Jersey.Wrestling

Haselrig won the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA) state high school championship in 1984 despite not wrestling during the regular season due to Johnstown High's lack of a wrestling team. <mask> was the 1985 Junior Greco-Roman World Champion, and the 1986 Junior Freestyle World Champion, while competing for the United States in the heavyweight division. While in college <mask> would defeat future NCAA and Olympic champion Kurt Angle. In 2009, he was inducted into Pitt–Johnstown's Athletics Hall of Fame. The Pennsylvania native began his collegiate career as a football player at Lock Haven, but a knee injury before the start of his freshman year prevented him from ever suiting up for a game. During winter break, he decided to transfer to his hometown school and take classes at Pittsburgh-Johnstown, which did not have a football team. With that move, Haselrig set in motion the most prolific career in NCAA wrestling history — one that ended in, of all places, the NFL.He would finish in third place at the NCAA Division II meet his freshman year in 1986, then go on to win both the Division I and Division II titles in his sophomore, junior and senior seasons, to become the only wrestler in history to win more than four NCAA titles. Before 1990, the Divisions II and III individual champions earned bids to the Division I championships, allowing <mask> the chance to win both titles. After <mask>'s run of NCAA titles, the Division I Wrestling Committee voted to rescind the bids to the Division II and III champions. As a result, <mask>'s feat cannot be matched unless the rule is changed again. <mask> had never wrestled for a team before arriving at Pittsburgh-Johnstown. His uncle introduced him to the sport as a child, and he participated in occasional tournaments. He stopped wrestling in high school because his school didn't have a team.But in his junior year, a neighboring high school needed a training partner for a standout wrestler, so <mask> helped out. After seeing his success against one of the state's top wrestlers, <mask>'s high school petitioned the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association to let him compete in wrestling, beginning with the postseason district tournament his senior year. <mask> went on to win every match, including a state title. At Pittsburgh-Johnstown, <mask> finished his career with a record of 143-2-1, including an, at the time, NCAA-record 122 consecutive matches without a loss. He never lost a match at the NCAA Division I meet, going 15-0 at the heavyweight class in the 1987, 1988 and 1989 tournaments. NFL

After a brief run in wrestling on the international level, <mask> turned his attention to pro football. Despite never having played football in college, <mask> was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers and became a Pro Bowl offensive guard in his third NFL season.1992 was his best season in the NFL, making the 1992 Pro Bowl, while helping the Steelers win the 1992 AFC Central Division title. He also helped the Steelers to three AFC playoff appearances (1989, 1992, 1993). After four years with the Steelers, <mask> spent one season with the New York Jets before retiring from the NFL. Mixed martial arts

<mask> made his professional MMA debut on April 19, 2008 for Battle Cage Xtreme IV in Atlantic City against IFL veteran Shane Ott. He defeated Shane Ott by a technical knockout at 4:09 in the first round. <mask> defeated Carlos Moreno on May 31, 2008 during the undercard of EliteXC's first-ever CBS telecast. He displayed his superior wrestling skills during the first round keeping Carlos on the mat.Carlos did not return to the ring for the second round. His final record in MMA was 3-2 before retiring. Honors
<mask> was honored on January 19, 2016 with "Carlton Haselrig Day" in Johnstown, PA.

References

 Audio for interview with wrestling411.tv

1966 births
2020 deaths
Sportspeople from Johnstown, Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown alumni
Pittsburgh–Johnstown Mountain Cats wrestlers
American male sport wrestlers
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Steelers players
American football offensive linemen
American Conference Pro Bowl players
New York Jets players
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from Pennsylvania
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling

masks:
Carlton Lee Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Haselrig
Carlton


title: Enya

texts:
<mask> ( ; born 17 May 1961) is an Irish singer, songwriter and musician, known for pioneering modern Celtic and New-age music. Regarded as the "Queen of New Age", <mask> is the best-selling Irish solo artist in history, and second-best-selling overall behind U2. Born into a musical family and raised in the Irish-speaking area of Gweedore, County Donegal, <mask> began her music career when she joined her family's Celtic folk band Clannad in 1980 on keyboards and backing vocals. She left the group in 1982 with their manager and producer Nicky Ryan to pursue a solo career, with Ryan's wife Roma Ryan as her lyricist. Enya developed her sound over the following four years with multitracked vocals and keyboards with elements of new age, Celtic, classical, church, world, pop, and Irish folk. Thus far, she has sung in ten languages, most notably English, Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge), Latin, and Welsh. Enya's first projects as a solo artist included soundtrack work for The Frog Prince (1984) and the 1987 BBC documentary series The Celts, which was released as her debut album, Enya (1987).She signed with Warner Music UK, which granted her artistic freedom and minimal interference from the label. The commercial and critical success of Watermark (1988) propelled her to worldwide fame, helped by the UK number one and international hit single "Orinoco Flow". This was followed by the multi-million-selling albums Shepherd Moons (1991), The Memory of Trees (1995), and A Day Without Rain (2000). Sales of the latter and its lead single, "Only Time", surged in the United States following its use in the media coverage of the September 11 attacks. Following Amarantine (2005) and And Winter Came... (2008), <mask> took a four-year career hiatus before she resumed in 2012 and released her eighth studio album, Dark Sky Island (2015). <mask>'s discography has sold 26.5 million certified albums in the United States and an estimated 75 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. A Day Without Rain (2000) remains the best-selling new-age album, with an estimated 16 million copies sold worldwide.<mask> has won numerous awards, including seven World Music Awards, four Grammy Awards for Best New Age Album, and an Ivor Novello Award. She was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for "May It Be", written for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001). Early life

Eithne Pádraigín Ní Bhraonáin was born on 17 May 1961 in Dore, a settlement in the parish of Gweedore, in County Donegal. It is a Gaeltacht region where Irish is the primary language. Her name is anglicised as <mask> Patricia Brennan, where <mask> is the phonetic spelling of how "Eithne" is pronounced in her native Ulster dialect of Irish; "Ní Bhraonáin" translates to "daughter of Brennan". The sixth of nine children, <mask> was born into a Roman Catholic family of musicians. Her father, Leo Brennan, was the leader of the Slieve Foy Band, an Irish showband, and ran Leo's Tavern in Meenaleck.Her mother, Máire Brennan (née Duggan), who has distant Spanish roots whose ancestors settled on Tory Island, was an amateur musician who played in Leo's band and taught music at Gweedore Community School. <mask>'s maternal grandfather Aodh was the headmaster of the primary school in Dore, and her grandmother was a teacher there. Aodh was also the founder of the Gweedore Theatre company. <mask> described her upbringing as "very quiet and happy." At age three, she took part in her first singing competition at the annual Feis Ceoil music festival. She took part in pantomimes at Gweedore Theatre and sang with her siblings in her mother's choir at St Mary's church in Derrybeg. She learned English at primary school and began piano lessons at age four."I had to do school work and then travel to a neighbouring town for piano lessons, and then more school work. I ... remember my brothers and sisters playing outside ... and I would be inside playing the piano. This one big book of scales, practising them over and over." When <mask> turned eleven, her grandfather paid for her education at a strict convent boarding school in Milford run by nuns of the Loreto order, where she developed a taste for classical music, art, Latin and watercolour painting. She said: "It was devastating to be torn away from such a large family, but it was good for my music." <mask> left the school at 17 and studied classical music in college for one year, with the aim of becoming "a piano teacher sort of person. I never thought of myself composing or being on stage."Career

1980–1985: Clannad and early solo career
In 1970, several members of <mask>'s family formed Clannad, a Celtic folk band who later acquired Nicky Ryan as their manager, sound engineer, and producer, and his future wife, Roma Ryan, as tour manager and administrator. In 1980, after her year at college, <mask> decided against pursuing music at university and accepted Ryan's invitation to join the group as he wanted to expand their sound with an additional vocalist and introducing keyboards. <mask> performed an uncredited role their sixth studio album, Crann Úll (1980), with a line-up of siblings Máire, Pól, and Ciarán Brennan, and twin uncles Noel and Pádraig Duggan. She became an official member by the time their follow-up, Fuaim (1981), was released, and is photographed with the band on the front cover. Nicky maintained it was never his intention to make Enya a permanent member, and saw she was "fiercely independent ... intent on playing her own music. She was just not sure of how to go about it". This sparked discussions between the two on layering vocal tracks to create a "choir of one", a concept inspired by the Wall of Sound technique by producer Phil Spector that interested them both.During a Clannad tour in 1982, Nicky called for a band meeting to address internal issues that had arisen. He added, "It was short and only required a vote, I was a minority of one and lost. Roma and I were out. This left the question of what happened with <mask>. I decided to stand back and say nothing". <mask> chose to leave with the Ryans and pursue a solo career as she felt confined in the group, and disliked being "somebody in the background". This caused some friction between the two parties at first, but they settled their differences.Nicky suggested to <mask> that either she return to Gweedore "with no particular definite future", or live with him and Roma in Artane, Dublin "and see what happens, musically", which she accepted. After their bank denied them a loan, <mask> sold her saxophone and gave piano lessons for income and the Ryans used what they could afford from their savings to build a recording facility in a shed in their garden. They named it Aigle Studio, after the French word for "eagle", and rented it out to musicians to help recoup the costs. The trio formed a musical partnership, with Nicky as <mask>'s producer and arranger and Roma her lyricist, and established their music company, Aigle Music. In the following two years, <mask> developed her technique and composition by listening to recordings of her reciting pieces of classical music, and repeated the process until she started to improvise sections and develop her own arrangements. Her first composition was "An Taibhse Uaighneach", Irish for "The Lonely Ghost". During this time Enya played the synthesiser on Ceol Aduaidh (1983) by Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh and Frankie Kennedy, and performed with the duo and Mhaonaigh's brother Gearóid in their short lived group, Ragairne.<mask>'s first solo endeavour arrived in 1983 when she recorded two piano instrumentals, "An Ghaoth Ón Ghrian", Irish for "The Solar Wind", and "Miss Clare Remembers", at Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin which were released on Touch Travel (1984), a limited release cassette of music from various artists on the Touch label. She is credited as Eithne Ní Bhraonáin on its liner notes. After several months of preparation, Enya's first live solo performance took place on 23 September 1983 at the National Stadium in Dublin, which was televised for RTÉ's music show Festival Folk. Niall Morris, a musician who worked with her during this time, recalled she "was so nervous she could barely get on stage, and she cowered behind the piano until the gig was over." Morris assisted <mask> in the production of a demo tape, playing additional keyboards to her compositions, which Roma thought would suit accompanying visuals and sent it to various film producers. Among them was David Puttnam, who liked the tape and offered Enya to compose the soundtrack to his upcoming romantic comedy film, The Frog Prince (1984). Enya scored nine pieces for the film but they were later rearranged and orchestrated against her wishes by Richard Myhill, except for two that she sang on, "The Frog Prince" and "Dreams"; the words to the latter were penned by Charlie McGettigan.Film editor Jim Clark said the rearrangements were necessary as <mask> found it difficult to compose to picture. Released in 1985, the album is the first commercial release that credits her as <mask>, after Nicky Ryan thought "Eithne" would be too difficult for non-Irish people to pronounce correctly and suggested the phonetic spelling of her name. <mask> looked back on the film as a good career move, but a disappointing one as "we weren't part of it at the end". She then sang on three tracks on Ordinary Man (1985) by Christy Moore. 1985–1989: The Celts and Watermark
In 1985, producer Tony McAuley asked <mask> to contribute a track for a six-part BBC television documentary series The Celts. She had already written a Celtic-influenced song named "The March of the Celts", and submitted it to the project. Each episode was to feature a different composer at first, but director David Richardson liked her track so much, he had <mask> score the entire series.<mask> recorded 72 minutes of music at Aigle Studio and the BBC studios in Wood Lane, London without recording to picture, though she was required to portray certain themes and ideas that the producers wanted. Unlike The Frog Prince, she worked with little interference which granted her freedom to establish her sound that she would adopt throughout her future career, signified by layered vocals, keyboard-oriented music, and percussion with elements of Celtic, classical, church and folk music. In March 1987, two months before The Celts aired, a 40-minute selection of <mask>'s score was released as her debut solo album, Enya, by BBC Records in the United Kingdom and by Atlantic Records in the United States. The latter promoted it with a new-age imprint on the packaging, which Nicky later thought was "a cowardly thing for them to do". The album gained enough public attention to reach number 8 on the Irish Albums Chart and number 69 on the UK Albums Chart. "I Want Tomorrow" was released as Enya's first single. "Boadicea" was sampled by The Fugees on their 1996 song "Ready or Not"; the group neither sought permission nor gave credit, and Enya took legal action.The group subsequently gave her credit and paid a fee worth around $3 million. Later in 1987, <mask> appeared on Sinéad O'Connor's debut album The Lion and the Cobra, reciting Psalm 91 in Irish on "Never Get Old". Several weeks after the release of Enya, Enya secured a recording contract with Warner Music UK after Rob Dickins, the label's chairman and a fan of Clannad, took a liking to Enya and found himself playing it "every night before I went to bed". He then met <mask> and the Ryans at a chance meeting at the Irish Recorded Music Association award ceremony in Dublin, and learned Enya had entered negotiations with a rival label. Dickins seized the opportunity and signed her to Warner Music with a deal worth £75,000, granting her wish to write and record with artistic freedom, minimal interference from the label, and without set deadlines to finish albums. Dickins said: "Sometimes you sign an act to make money, and sometimes you sign an act to make music. This was clearly the latter ...I just wanted to be involved with this music." <mask> then left Atlantic and signed with the Warner-led Geffen Records to handle her American distribution. With the green-light to produce a new studio album, <mask> recorded Watermark from June 1987 to April 1988. It was initially recorded in analogue at Aigle Studio before Dickins requested to have it re-recorded digitally at Orinoco Studios in Bermondsey, London. Watermark was released in September 1988 and became an unexpected hit, reaching number 5 in the United Kingdom and number 25 on the Billboard 200 in the United States following its release there in January 1989. Its lead single, "Orinoco Flow", was the last song written for the album. It was not intended to be a single at first, but <mask> and the Ryans chose it after Dickins asked for a single from them several times as a joke, knowing Enya's music was not made for the Top 40 chart.Dickins and engineer Ross Cullum are referenced in the songs' lyrics. "Orinoco Flow" became an international top 10 hit and was number one in the United Kingdom for three weeks. The new-found success propelled <mask> to international fame and she received endorsement deals and offers to use her music in television commercials. She spent one year travelling worldwide to promote the album which increased her exposure through interviews, appearances, and live performances. By 1996, Watermark had sold in excess of 1.2 million copies in the United Kingdom and 4 million in the United States. 1989–1997: Shepherd Moons and The Memory of Trees
After promoting Watermark, Enya purchased new recording equipment and started work on her next album, Shepherd Moons. She found the success of Watermark caused a considerable amount of pressure when it came to writing new songs, adding, "I kept thinking, 'Would this have gone on Watermark?Is it as good?' Eventually I had to forget about this and start on a blank canvas and just really go with what felt right." <mask> wrote songs based on several ideas, including entries from her diary, the Blitz in London, and her grandparents. Shepherd Moons was released in November 1991, her first album released under Warner-led Reprise Records in the United States. It became a greater commercial success than Watermark, reaching number one in the UK for one week and number 17 in the United States. "Caribbean Blue", its lead single, charted at number thirteen in the United Kingdom. By 1997, the album had reached multi-platinum certification for selling in excess of 1.2 million copies in the United Kingdom and 5 million in the United States.In 1991, Warner Music released a collection of five Enya music videos as Moonshadows for home video. In 1993, <mask> won her first Grammy Award for Best New Age Album for Shepherd Moons. Soon after, <mask> and Nicky entered discussions with Industrial Light & Magic, founded by George Lucas, regarding an elaborate stage lighting system for a proposed concert tour, but nothing came out of the meetings. In November 1992, Warner had obtained the rights to <mask> and re-released the album as The Celts with new artwork. It surpassed its initial sale performance, reaching number 10 in the United Kingdom and reached platinum certification in the United States in 1996 for one million copies shipped. After travelling worldwide to promote Shepherd Moons, <mask> started to write and record her fourth album, The Memory of Trees. The album was released in November 1995.It peaked at number five in the United Kingdom and number nine in the United States, where it sold over 3 million copies. Its lead single, "Anywhere Is", reached number seven in the United Kingdom. The second, "On My Way Home", reached number twenty-six in the same country. In late 1994, <mask> put out an extended play of Christmas music titled The Christmas EP. <mask> was offered to compose the score for Titanic, but declined. A recording of her singing "Oíche Chiúin", an Irish-language version of "Silent Night", appeared on the charity album A Very Special Christmas 3, released in benefit of the Special Olympics in October 1997. In early 1997, <mask> began to select tracks for her first compilation album, "trying to select the obvious ones, the hits, and others."She chose to work on the collection following the promotional tour for The Memory of Trees as she felt it was the right time in her career, and that her contract with WEA required her to release a "best of" album. The set, named Paint the Sky with Stars: The Best of Enya, features two new tracks, "Paint the Sky with Stars" and "Only If...". Released in November 1997, the album was a worldwide commercial success, reaching No. 4 in the UK and No. 30 in the US, where it went on to sell over 4 million copies. "Only If..." was released as a single in 1997. <mask> described the album as "like a musical diary ... each melody has a little story and I live through that whole story from the beginning ... your mind goes back to that day and what you were thinking."1998–2007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine
<mask> started work on her fifth studio album, titled A Day Without Rain, in mid-1998. In a departure from her previous albums she incorporated the use of a string section into her compositions, something that was not a conscious decision at first, but <mask> and

masks:
Enya Patricia Brennan
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
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Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
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Enya
Enya
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Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya
Enya