title: Rosa A. González

texts:
<mask><mask>, RN, (1889 – July 25, 1981) was a nurse, author, feminist and activist. She established various health clinics throughout Puerto Rico and was the founder of The Association of Registered Nurses of Puerto Rico. In 1929, Gonzalez wrote a book titled Los Hechos Desconocidos (The Unknown Facts), in which she denounced the discrimination against women and nurses in Puerto Rico. <mask>’s book convinced James R. Beverley, the Interim Governor of Puerto Rico, to sign Ley 77 (Law 77) in May 1930, which established a Nurses Examining Board. In 1978, she was the first recipient of the Public Health Department of Puerto Rico Garrido Morales Award. Early years
<mask> (birth name: <mask>) was born and raised in the town of Lares, Puerto Rico. There she received her primary and secondary education.She was still a child when Spain ceded Puerto Rico to the United States in accordance with the agreement reached in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the Spanish–American War. She attended the Congressional day school and converted to Protestantism when she was nine years old. Her father, a small merchant, suddenly died when she was just a child and she went to live with her aunt and uncle. While she was attending public secondary school she learned that the Presbyterian Hospital of Puerto Rico needed nurses. She became interested in pursuing a career in nursing despite the protests of her family. <mask> enrolled in the Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing in San Juan, Puerto Rico, where she earned her nurse certificate in 1909. In 1914, she went to New York City and continued her studies and earned the title of Registered Nurse at the New York Presbyterian Hospital.Return to Puerto Rico
In 1916, <mask> returned to her homeland and organized the Dr. Susoni clinic in the city of Arecibo. Also in that year, she founded and presided over The Association of Registered Nurses of Puerto Rico. Under her leadership the association was able to raise enough funds for the construction of a building to house the Club de Nurses, where convalescent nurses could reside. In 1917, <mask> wrote her first book Diccionario Médico para la Enfermera (Nurse's Medical Dictionary). In 1918, the Swine Flu swept through Army camps and training posts around the world including Puerto Rico, infecting one quarter of all soldiers and killing more than 55,000 American troops. <mask> was sent to Ponce, Puerto Rico, where she assisted Dr. Dolores Piñero and four male colleagues, when they opened a 400-bed hospital to care for infected patients and World War I veterans. <mask> served as the voluntary Director of Emergency Unit in the city of Mayagüez, helping the victims of the San Fermín earthquake.From 1919 to 1924 <mask> was the Director of Puerto Rico's Presbyterian Hospital School of Nursing. During this time (1921), she traveled to New York and attended Columbia University. After leaving the Presbyterian Hospital she became director of the nursing at the Hospital Episcopal San Lucas (St. Lukes Hospital) in Ponce. While there she organized the nursing program and finally published her “Diccionario Medico para Enfermeras”, which she had written in 1917. In 1924, she worked as an educator and trainer of nurses for the Sanitation Department of Puerto Rico. In 1925, she was named director of the American Red Cross dispensary in the barrio of Puerta de Tierra in Santurce. She was hired by the mayor of San Juan, Roberto H. Todd Weels, to organize the nursing school in Santurce and named the Executive Secretary of the Association of Graduated Nurses of Puerto Rico.In 1926, <mask> founded a magazine for nurses called Puerto Rico.. She publicly criticized the deplorable conditions of the municipal hospital and was fired in 1927, by the mayor on the false accusation that she signed diplomas for nursing students who had not completed their clinical training requirements. She denied the charges but, was unable to sue the city because a law at the time forbade municipal employees from suing the city. Nurses Examining Board

In 1929, <mask> wrote a book titled Los Hechos Desconocidos (The Unknown Facts), which she dedicated to the Governor of Puerto Rico, the Puerto Rican Legislature and the Medical Association. The book was also dedicated to the Puerto Rican Nurses Association and the Association of Puerto Rican Women Surrogates. In her book she denounced the corruption, abuses and unhealthy practices in the municipal hospital. <mask> used her book to promote the establishment of a Nurse Examiners Board in Puerto Rico. As a Women’s Rights activist, she also denounced the discriminatory practices against women in the health care professions.<mask>’s book convinced James R. Beverley, the Interim Governor of Puerto Rico, to sign Ley 77 (Law 77) in May 1930. Previously the Medical Board, which was made up of male doctors who regulated nursing matters, had pressured the Governor not to sign the bill into law. This was because if the bill became law it would establish a Nurses Examining Board responsible for setting and enforcing standards of nursing education and practices. <mask> believed that the "Medical Class" discriminated against female nurses and stated this clearly in her book:

The law (Ley 77), influenced by <mask>’s written work, also stipulated that the Board of Medical Examiners include two nurses and established the Nurse Examiners Board. The passage of Ley 77 proved that women can operate both in the formal public sphere while working in a female oriented field. Founder of medical institutions in Puerto Rico
Amongst the institutions which she organized were the Amarosa Sanitarium in the town of Villalba (1929), the school of the Institute of Medical Surgery (1930), and the nursing school on the grounds of the School of Tropical Medicine in San Juan (1931). Dr. Clarence Gamble, an American physician, established a network of birth control clinics in Puerto Rico during the period of 1936 to 1939.He believed that Puerto Rican women and the women from other American colonies did not have the mental capacity and were too poor to understand and use diaphragms for birth control as those in the United States mainland. He inaugurated a program funded by the Rockefeller Foundation which would replace the use of diaphragms with foam powders, cremes and spermicidal jellies. He did not know that in the past Gonzalez had publicly battled with prominent physicians and named <mask> and Carmen Rivera <mask>, another nurse who was a Puerto Rican independence advocate, to take charge of the insular birth control program. <mask> organized and, from 1936 to 1940, headed the first clinic dedicated to maternal health in her hometown of Lares. However, the insular program lacked funding and failed. When the United States entered World War II, <mask> was named Director of the Nurses Services of the American Red Cross in Puerto Rico. Legacy

In 1978, <mask> became the first recipient of the Garrido Morales award, an honor bestowed upon her by the Governing Board of the Association of Public Health in Puerto Rico.She continued to provide medical services free of charge for the children in Guaynabo where she resided. She died in her home on July 25, 1981 . The Salud Pro-Mujer (Pro-Woman's Health) organization named an award the "ROSA GONZALEZ AWARD" which recognizes health professionals who have contributed to improving the health of women. Further reading
Further reading: Reproducing Empire: Race, Sex, Science, and U.S. Imperialism in Puerto Rico; By Laura Briggs; Publisher: University of California Press;  ;
Advancing The Kingdom Missionaries And Americanization In Puerto Rico, 1898 – 1930s; By: Ellen Walsh; Publisher: ProQuest, UMI Dissertation Publishing; ;

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

1889 births
1981 deaths
Puerto Rican nurses
People from Lares, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican activists
Puerto Rican women activists
Puerto Rican writers

masks:
Rosa A
. González
González
González
Rosa Angélica González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
González
de Alvarez
González
González
González


title: Louise Simard (politician)

type: original

texts:
<mask>,  (born April 17, 1947) is a lawyer, executive, and former politician in Saskatchewan, Canada. She represented Regina Lakeview (1986–91) and Regina Hillsdale (1991–95) in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member. Personal life
<mask> was born on 17 April 1947 in Val-d'Or, Quebec, and grew up in Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan. She is a descendant of Pierre Poitras, a member of Louis Riel’s Provisional government in what is now Manitoba. Her ancestors were active in bringing Manitoba into Confederation in 1870. She is a citizen of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan. After receiving a BA (Philosophy) in 1969 and LLB degree (Jurisprudence Award) in 1970 from the University of Saskatchewan, Simard articled in Regina and was called to the Saskatchewan Bar in 1971.Simard has two children, Paul and Marin, from her first marriage. Career

Early career
In 1974, Simard became the first female Legislative Council and Law Clerk for the province of Saskatchewan. From 1978 to 1986, Simard practiced law in Regina, during which time she served as an agent of the Attorney General of Saskatchewan. From 1978 to 1983, Simard served as Deputy Chief Commissioner of the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission. During this time, she was also a consultant to the Government of Saskatchewan on the development of the Matrimonial Property Act, 1980, which gave equal sharing rights to spouses in a marriage, and on the amalgamation of the District Court and the Court of the Queen's Bench. From 1982 to 1985, Simard was consumer representative on the Council of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan. She was one of the first public members appointed to the Medical Council of Canada (1996), and later became the first public member (i.e.non-physician) to become President of the Medical Council of Canada (2002–2003). She was also a non-medical representative on the Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses Association. Political career
Simard represented Regina Lakeview (1986–91) and Regina Hillsdale (1991–95) in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as a New Democratic Party (NDP) member. She held numerous ministerial portfolios during this period, mostly notably during her time in the Official Opposition from 1986 to 1991 as the Opposition Health Critic, as well as the critic for women's issues, SaskPower, the Saskatchewan Human Rights Commission, and the Ombudsman; and in government from 1991 to 1995 as the Minister of Health and Minister Responsible for the Status of Women (now Minister of Status of Women). At the time, Simard was only the second female lawyer to have been elected to serve in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. As Minister of Health, she was responsible for the strategy, vision, and development leading to a complete reform and restructuring of the health care system in Saskatchewan. She introduced a "wellness" model of health care, which emphasized primary health care and population health goals, converted many small rural hospitals to health centres, and established regional health districts and boards.This was a very challenging time for the Government of Saskatchewan following the difficult financial years, near default, and scandals faced by the Grant Devine government, establishment and changes to The Established Programs Financing Act (EPF) under the Pierre Trudeau and Brian Mulroney governments that reduced federal healthcare funding transfers to the provinces, and Bill C-69 (1990) and Bill C-20 (1991) (Federal Restraint Law) that froze EPF for five years to the end of the 1994–1995 fiscal year and thereafter capped EPF increases to gross national product minus 3 per cent. Simard has been recognized as a leader in the field of health planning. Simard oversaw numerous other ministerial portfolios while in office, including the Treasury Board, SaskTel, Wascana Centre Authority, Health Services and Utilization Commission, Saskatchewan Cancer Foundation, Health Research Board, Women's Advisory Council, Centre of the Arts, Public Service Commission, and the Mental Health Advisory Council. Post-political career
Simard resigned from office in 1995 to return to the practice of law and was named Queen's Counsel in 1997. From 2000 to 2003, she was president and Chief Executive Officer of the Saskatchewan Association of Health Organizations (SAHO) before moving into the role of president and Chief Executive Officer of the Health Employers Association of British Columbia. In 2002, Simard received the Commemorative Medal for the Queen's Jubilee. Simard dedicated herself to serving on boards, including the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (in which she is also part of the Indigenous Committee), the Canadian Patient Safety Institute (CPSI), Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, the Canadian Institute of Health Research Chair in Nursing Human Resources, among others.Simard has also served on the Canadian Medical Association Task Force on Physician Supply in Canada and the Canadian College of Health Services Executives. In 2010, Simard served as Professional Affiliate at the University of Saskatchewan, where she delivered a class on Health Reform at the School of Public Health She was awarded Alumni of Influence that year by the university's College of Arts and Science. Simard is an honorary member of the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses’ Association, a past non-medical representative on the Board of Directors of the Canadian Nurses Association, and a life member of the Saskatchewan Lung Association. Simard is also a recipient of the 2011 Katharine Pearson Caregiver Award from the Victorian Order of Nurses. In fall of 2018, Simard took the position of Chief Operating Officer at the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan (MN-S) where she focused on Nation-building. In the summer of 2020, Simard announced that she would be stepping away from that post. References

1947 births
Living people
Canadian Queen's Counsel
People from Val-d'Or
Politicians from Regina, Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan New Democratic Party MLAs
Women MLAs in Saskatchewan
Métis politicians
Canadian Métis people

masks:
Rose Marie Louise Simard
Rose Marie Louise Simard


title: Jimmy Doyle

texts:
<mask> (20 March 1939 – 22 June 2015) was an Irish hurler who played as a right wing-forward for the Tipperary senior team. Born in Thurles, County Tipperary, <mask> first played competitive hurling whilst at school in Thurles CBS. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of fourteen when he first linked up with the Tipperary minor team. He made his senior debut in the 1957–58 National League. <mask> went on to play a key part for Tipperary during a hugely successful era for the team, and won six All-Ireland medals, nine Munster medals and seven National Hurling League medals. An All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions, <mask> also captained the team to All-Ireland victory in 1962 and 1965. As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team for twelve years, <mask> won eight Railway Cup medals.At club level he won ten championship medals with Thurles Sarsfield's. At the time of his retirement <mask>'s career tally of 18 goals and 176 points ranked him as Tipperary's all-time top scorer. It was a record which stood until 24 June 2007 when it was surpassed by Eoin Kelly. His father, Gerry, his uncle, Tommy, and his brother, <mask>, also enjoyed All-Ireland success with Tipperary. Throughout his career <mask> made 39 championship appearances. His retirement came following Tipperary's defeat by Limerick in the 1973 championship. In retirement from playing <mask> became involved in team management and coaching.At club level he guided Portlaoise to championship success before later taking charge of the Laois senior team. <mask> is widely regarded as one of the greatest hurlers in the history of the game. During his playing days he won three Cú Chulainn awards, as well as being named Texaco Hurler of the Year in 1965. He has been repeatedly voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at right corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Century in 1984 and at left corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000. Playing career

College

<mask> attended Thurles CBS and enjoyed some success. In 1956 he played a key part for the college in the provincial championship. A 2–5 to 2–3 defeat of the North Monastery, Cork gave <mask> a Harty Cup medal.Club

<mask> played his club hurling with Thurles Sarsfield's and enjoyed much success in a career that spanned three decades. He first came to prominence as a member of the club's minor hurling team, winning four championship medals in-a-row between 1954 and 1957. By 1956 <mask>, as a sixteen-year-old, joined the Thurles Sarsfield's senior team. It was a successful debut season, as he won his first championship medal following a 3–8 to 1–4 defeat of Lorrha. It was a hugely successful era for <mask> and Sarsfield's, as he added further championship medals to his collection in 1957, following a 4–14 to 4–4 defeat of southern "combo" Na Piarsaigh, and in 1958 as Toomevara were downed by 4–11 to 3–3. <mask> won a fourth successive championship medal in 1959 as Kilruane MacDonagh's were defeated by 3–12 to 2–6, in spite of both teams being on level terms with just ten minutes remaining. Thurles Sarfield's great run of success came to an end in 1960, however, in spite of facing defeat on the furling field, <mask> won a championship medal with the Thurles Croke's football team following their defeat of Clonmel Commercials.While many thought that Thurles Sarsfield's were now in decline as a hurling power, the team bounced back in 1961. A 3–4 to 0–9 defeat of Toomevara gave <mask> his fifth championship medal. It was the beginning of another glorious era for the team, as further defeats of Moycarkey-Borris in 1962, Roscrea in 1963 and Holycross-Ballycahill in 1964 brought <mask>'s championship medal tally to eight. In 1965 <mask>'s side had the chance to make history by winning a record-equalling fifth successive championship. Carrick Davins provided the opposition and took Sarsfield's to a replay. A 3–11 to 2–7 victory at the second time of asking gave <mask> a ninth championship medal. Almost a decade past before <mask>, who by now was captain of the team, enjoyed one final success.A 3–6 to 1–10 defeat of Silvermines gave him a remarkable tenth championship medal. Minor

<mask> was just fifteen years old when he made his debut the Tipperary minor hurling team as a goalkeeper on 20 June 1954 in a 6-5 to 0-1 Munster semi-final defeat of Clare. Later that year he collected his first Munster medal following a 3–5 to 2–3 defeat of Limerick Limerick. The subsequent All-Ireland final on 5 September 1954 saw Dublin provide the opposition, however, Tipperary were defeated by 2–7 to 2–3. It was after this defeat that <mask> hinted that he wanted to be moved from the position of goalkeeper to a more favoured position in the forward line. His wish was granted and he won a second consecutive Munster medal in 1955 following an 8–11 to 2–5 trouncing of Waterford. <mask> later appeared in a second All-Ireland final on 4 September 1955 with Galway providing the opposition.His move to the forward line was a worthwhile venture as he scored a remarkable 2–8. Tipperary won the game by 5–15 to 2–5 giving <mask> an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal. In 1956 <mask> collected a third successive Munster medal as Waterford were downed once again on a 10–10 to 4–4 score line. On 23 September 1956 Tipperary faced Kilkenny in the All-Ireland final. A 4–16 to 1–5 trouncing, with <mask> contributing 2-3, secured his second successive All-Ireland medal. <mask> was appointed captain of the Tipperary minor team in 1957, in what was his last year in the grade. A 3–8 to 1–4 defeat of Limerick gave him a record fourth successive Munster medal.For the second year in-a-row, Kilkenny provided the opposition in the All-Ireland final. In a close game Tipperary eventually triumphed by 4–7 to 3–7. The victory gave <mask> a record-breaking third successive All-Ireland medal as well as the honour of accepting the cup

Senior

First victories

<mask> was still in the minor grade when he joined the Tipperary senior team for the 1956–57 National Hurling League. It was a successful campaign as <mask> collected a National Hurling League medal following a 3–11 to 2–7 defeat of Kilkenny in the decider. He made his senior championship debut, while still captain of the minor team, in a 5-2 to 1-11 Munster semi-final defeat by Cork on 30 June 1957. In 1958 <mask> won his first Munster medal as Tipperary regained the provincial crown following a 4–12 to 1–5 trouncing of reigning champions Waterford. Tipperary later defeated Kilkenny in the All-Ireland semi-final, with <mask> giving a master class by scoring 1-8, before lining out against Galway in the All-Ireland decider on 7 September 1958.Galway got a bye into the final without picking up a hurley. Liam Devaney, Donie Nealon and Larry Keane all scored goals for Tipperary in the first-half, while Tony Wall sent a seventy-yard free untouched to the Galway net. Tipperary won the game by 4–9 to 2–5 giving <mask> his first All-Ireland medal. He also ended the championship as the top scorer with 2–23. <mask> won a second National League medal in 1959 following a 0–15 to 0–7 defeat of Waterford, however, Tipperary subsequently surrendered their provincial and All-Ireland crowns in remarkable fashion to the same opposition. Tipperary asserted their dominance in 1960 by retaining the National League title with a 2–15 to 3–8 defeat of Cork. It was <mask>'s third winners' medal in that competition.He later won a second Munster medal, contributing 1–8, following a narrow 4–13 to 4–11 defeat of Cork in what has been described as the toughest game of hurling ever played. This victory allowed Tipperary to advance directly to an All-Ireland final meeting with Wexford on 4 September 1960. A certain amount of over-confidence was obvious in the Tipperary camp, particularly in trainer Phil Purcell's comment that no player was capable of marking <mask>. The game ended in remarkable circumstances as the crowd invaded the pitch with a minute to go, mistaking the referee's whistle for the end of the game. When the crowd were finally moved off the pitch Tipperary continued playing with only twelve men, but Wexford won on a score line of 2–15 to 0–11. It was <mask>'s first All-Ireland defeat, however, he still ended the season as the championship's top scorer. He later won his first Oireachtas medal following a 4-11 to 2-10 defeat of old rivals Cork in the decider.Total dominance

1961 saw <mask> collect a fourth National League medal following a 6–6 to 4–9 defeat of Waterford. He later added a third Munster medal to his collection, as Cork were downed once again by 3–6 to 0–7. The game was not without incident as <mask>'s ankle was broken following a wild stroke from <mask>. He was an immediate doubt for the All-Ireland final as the ankle was reluctantly put in plaster. <mask> walked several miles every evening to strengthen the broken bone, however, when the plaster was removed the ankle was still badly discoloured and swollen. On the Wednesday prior to the All-Ireland final, he failed a fitness test and was a doubt for the game. On 3 September 1961 Dublin provided the opposition in the All-Ireland decider and <mask> was named in the starting fifteen.Prior to the match he received two injections on either side of his ankle that deadened the leg from his toes to his knee. The treatment was risky as <mask> would have no way of knowing if his ankle broke. He received two more injections at half time, however, towards the end of the game his ankle did give way but he couldn't be replaced as Tipperary had used all of their substitutes. The game itself was a close run thing, however, Tipperary held on to win by 0–16 to 1–12. It was <mask>'s second All-Ireland medal, while he finished the championship as top scorer once again. He later won a second successive Oireachtas medal following a 2-13 to 3-4 defeat of Wexford in a replay. In 1962 Tipperary were still the kingpins of Munster as <mask> was appointed captain of the team.A 5–14 to 2–3 trouncing of Waterford in the decider gave him a fourth Munster medal. Tipperary's nemesis of two years earlier, Wexford, waited in Croke Park to test them once again in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 2 September 1962. Wexford, however, were not the force of old and the side got off to possibly the worst start ever by a team in a championship decider. After just ninety seconds the Leinster champions were down by two goals, however, the game turned out to be much closer than people expected. Tipperary eventually secured the win on a score line of 3–10 to 2–11, however, <mask> had to be stretchered off the field with a fractured collarbone. As a result of this he was denied the opportunity of collecting the Liam MacCarthy Cup. For the third year in-a-row he ended the campaign as the championship's top scorer.In spite of being denied by Waterford in their quest for a third successive All-Ireland title, <mask> won a third Oireachtas medal in 1963 following a 4-15 to 3-12 defeat of Wexford. His performances throughout the year also earned him a Cú Chulainn award. Tipperary bounced back in 1964 with <mask> collecting a fifth National League medal following a 4-16 to 6-6 defeat of New York. The team subsequently cantered past Cork by fourteen points in the provincial decider, giving <mask> a fifth Munster medal. The All-Ireland final on 6 September 1964 saw Kilkenny enter the game as firm favourites against <mask>'s side. John "Mackey" McKenna scored Tipperary's first goal after ten minutes as the Munster champions took a 1–8 to 0–6 interval lead. The second half saw Tipperary score goals for fun, with Donie Nealon getting a

masks:
James Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Paddy Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Jimmy Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Jimmy Brohan
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle


title: Jimmy Doyle

texts:
 hat-trick and Seán McLoughlin another.Kilkenny were humiliated at the full-time whistle as Tipperary triumphed by 5–13 to 2–8. It was <mask>'s fourth All-Ireland medal while, once again, he finished as the championship's top scorer. He later won a fourth Oireachtas medal as Kilkenny were narrowly defeated by 5-7 to 4-8 in the decider before winning a second Cú Chulainn award. In 1965 <mask> was Tipperary captain for a second time as the team demolished all opposition in the provincial championship once again. A 4–11 to 0–5 trouncing of Cork gave <mask> a sixth Munster medal. Wexford were Tipperary's opponents in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 5 September 1965, however, the game failed to live up to the two classic games between the two sides in 1960 and 1962. Victory went to Tipperary on that occasion by 2–16 to 0–10, courtesy of a brace of goals by Seán McLoughlin.The win gave <mask> a fifth All-Ireland medal, while he also had the honour of lifting the Liam MacCarthy Cup having been injured on his previous occasion as captain. The year ended with further success as he won a sixth National League medal as New York were narrowly defeated on an aggregate score of 6–19 to 5–20 before claiming a fifth Oireachtas medal as Kilkenny were downed by 2-12 to 2-7. <mask>'s performances throughout the year also earned him a third successive Cú Chulainn award and the Texaco Hurler of the Year award. Decline

After surrendering their provincial crown in 1966, Tipperary bounced back the following year, with <mask> winning a seventh Munster medal following a 4–12 to 2–6 defeat of Clare. On 3 September 1967 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider. Tipperary looked like continuing their hoodoo over their near rivals as they took a 2–6 to 1–3 lead at half-time. Goalkeeper Ollie Walsh was the hero for Kilkenny as he made a series of spectacular saves, however, the team lost Eddie Keher and Tom Walsh to injury in the second half.In spite of this, Kilkenny laid to rest a bogey that Tipperary had over the team since 1922, and a 3–8 to 2–7 victory resulted in defeat for <mask>'s team. <mask> won a seventh National League medal in 1968 as New York were defeated on an aggregate score of 6–27 to 4–22. Tipperary retained their status as provincial kingpins once again and a 2–13 to 1–7 trouncing of Cork gave <mask> an eighth Munster medal. For the fourth time of the decade, Wexford were Tipperary's opponents in the subsequent All-Ireland final on 1 September 1968. At half-time it looked as if Tipperary were cruising to another victory as they took an eight-point lead. Just after the restart Wexford had a Christy Jacob goal disallowed before Tony Doran scored a goal after just six minutes. Tipperary fought back, however, it was too late as Wexford won by 5–8 to 3–12.In spite of this setback, <mask> finished the year with a sixth oireachtas medal following a narrow 1-9 to 1-6 defeat of Cork. In 1970 <mask> won a seventh and final Oireachtas medal following a 1-12 to 0-8 defeat of recently crowned All-Ireland champions Cork in the final. Last hurrah

By 1971 <mask>'s career was drawing to a close. The back trouble that had dogged him throughout his life was taking its toll. <mask> lost his place on the starting fifteen for the start of the championship, however, he was back on the team for the Munster decider against Limerick. A 4–16 to 3–18 victory gave him a ninth Munster medal. On 5 September 1971 Kilkenny faced Tipperary in the All-Ireland final, the first to be broadcast in colour by Telefís Éireann and the only eighty-minute meeting between the two sides.<mask> started the game on the bench. Kilkenny's ever-dependable goalkeeper, Ollie Walsh, had a nightmare of a game in which he conceded five goals, one of which passed through his legs, while that year's Hurler of the Year, "Babs" Keating, played out the closing stages of the game in his bare feet. <mask> came on as a substitute for Séamus Hogan for the last ten minutes as Tipperary emerged the victors on a score line of 5–17 to 5–14. It was his sixth All-Ireland medal, making him one of only a handful of players to have claimed winners' medals in three separate decades. <mask> continued to play for Tipperary for the next two years but time was now running out. Broken fingers, ankles, knuckles, collar bones and premature arthritis meant that he was no longer able to command an automatic place on the team. In 1973 the regular Tipperary goalkeeper, Tadhg Murphy, was forced to emigrate to England.With no other goalkeeper available <mask> was asked to play in goal. Although reluctant he lined out between the posts in the respective  Munster quarter and semi-final victories over Waterford and Cork. Murphy returned for the Munster final against Limerick and <mask> was dropped to the substitutes' bench. Tipperary lost the game and <mask> retired from inter-county hurling shortly afterwards. Inter-provincial

<mask> was first picked for the Munster inter-provincial team in 1958. <mask> was at left wing-forward, with his boyhood her Christy Ring at full-forward, for the inter-provincial decider against arch rivals Leinster. A narrow 3-7 to 3-5 victory gave <mask> his first Railway Cup medal.It was a hugely successful era for the southern province as subsequent defeats of Connacht in 1959 and Leinster in 1960 and 1961 secured four successive Railway Cup medals for <mask>. In 1962 <mask> was captain of the team as his bid for a fifth successive winners' medal faltered with a 1-11 to 1-9 defeat by Leinster. He retained the captaincy the following year, however, the final with Leinster ended with a 5-5 apiece draw. The replay was also a close affair, however, Munster triumphed by 2-8 to 2-7. Not only did <mask> collect a fifth Railway Cup medal but he also had the honour of lifting the cup. Defeat was Munster's lot over the next two years, however, <mask> was restored to the captaincy once again in 1966. Another narrow 3-13 to 3-11 defeat of Leinster secured his sixth Railway Cup medal and his second as captain of the side.After being dropped from the starting fifteen in 1967 and dropped altogether from the team in 1968, <mask> was back at right corner-forward in 1969. Munster faced a scare in the decider that year as Connacht secured a 2-9 apiece draw. The replay was more conclusive with <mask> winning a seventh Railway Cup medal following a 3-13 to 4-4 victory. <mask> was now in the twilight of his career, however, he was picked for the Munster team for the twelfth time in thirteen years in 1970. A 2-15 to 0-9 trouncing of old rivals Leinster secured his eighth Railway Cup medal. Coaching career

Portlaoise

In 1980 <mask> took over as coach of the Portlaoise senior team with Tom Lalor and guided the team to the championship decider. A 3-4 to 1-8 defeat by Camross was the result on that occasion.Both Portlaoise and Camross met in the decider once again in 1981. A narrow 2-13 to 4-5 victory for Portlaoise gave <mask> his first success as coach with the club. It was the first of four successive championships for Portlaoise as subsequent defeats of Errill in 1982, Camross in 1983 and Harps in 1984 secured the four-in-a-row. Five-in-a-row proved beyond Portlaoise who were defeated by old rivals Camross in the 1985 final on a score line of 1-5 to 0-7. Laois

In October 1985 <mask> was appointed coach of the Laois senior hurling team. His first season in charge saw Laois lose all but one of their league games before being relegated. In the subsequent Leinster Championship, Laois had a convincing win over Westmeath in their opening game before succumbing to All-Ireland champions Offaly on a score line of 1-23 to 4-9 in the provincial semi-final.Laois made some progress in Division 2 of the league during 1986-87, including a defeat of <mask>'s native county Tipperary at Semple Stadium, however, they failed to gain promotion to the top tier. The subsequent championship campaign ended at the provincial semi-final stage, once again at the hands of Offaly. <mask>'s side failed to claim any major victories during the 1987-88 league campaign, while Laois's interest in the championship ended with a 3-10 to 1-8 quarter-final defeat by Wexford. Recognition

A decade after his retirement, <mask> received the ultimate honour during the GAA's centenary year in 1984 when he was chosen at right corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Century. He was later switched to left corner-forward on the Hurling Team of the Millennium in 2000, before being named at right wing-forward on the Tipperary Hurling Team of the Century and at centre-forward on the Munster Hurling Team of the Millennium. On 13 March 2008 <mask> was profiled on the TG4 television programme Laochra Gael. As part of the GAA 125 celebrations in 2009, <mask> was chosen as the Tipperary representative to be part of a commemorative torch parade through Thurles on the day of the Munster final.As a native of the town, <mask> had the honour of carrying the torch into Semple Stadium where it was presented to the chairman of the Munster Council. In April 2012 the <mask> Road was named in his honour. The road links the Nenagh road and the Templemore road. Following his death in June 2015, the tributes poured in from across the hurling world. Former teammate Michael "Babs" Keating recalled a conversation with <mask>'s boyhood hero Christy Ring: "I suppose the best tribute I could pay him was when I was having lunch with Ring in 1966 or ‘67 in Mallow and in those days all the talk was about hurling no matter who came to the table. He was putting me under pressure about who was the best ever but as we walked out Ring said, "Babs, if <mask> was as strong as you and I nobody would ever ask who was the best". Probably the greatest compliment that was ever paid to any hurler."Contemporary Kilkenny hurler, Eddie Keher, said: "He was brilliant. I was always a great fan of his even though we were great rivals. <mask> was also a gentleman both on and off the field and such a beautiful striker of the ball." Former teammate Len Gaynor said: "<mask> was a master of his craft, that was for sure. He was one of the best hurlers ever, unbelievably skilful, a terrific forward. You are talking about Ring, Mackey, <mask>, Eddie Keher – he's in those four right up there." Legendary Gaelic games commentator Micheál Ó Muircheartaigh said: "He's ranked among the very, very best ever and proof of that was, he was on the Team of the Millennium, the Team of the Century.He was unique." Personal life

Born in Thurles, County Tipperary, <mask> was one of six children. His father, <mask>, s cobbler by trade, had been the substitute goalkeeper on the Tipperary team that won the 1937 and 1945 All-Ireland titles. His uncle, <mask>, won five All-Ireland medals with Tipperary between 1937 and 1951. <mask> was educated locally at Thurles CBS, however, he had few academic leanings and virtually no interest in school. His mother would do his homework for him while <mask> practiced his hurling skills with his sheepdog Pal in the shadow of the famous Thurles Sportsfield. It was with his dog that <mask> learned the basic skills of hurling and, in particular, the need to control the sliotar.After his schooling <mask> worked as a cobbler with his father before working at the Assumption Hospital in Thurles. <mask> died unexpectedly at his home in Thurles on 22 June 2015. 3
Texaco Hurler of the Year: 1965
Cú Chulainn Awards (3): 1963, 1964, 1965
GAA Hall of Fame Inductee: 2013

References

1939 births
2015 deaths
Thurles Sarsfields hurlers
Tipperary inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
Hurling goalkeepers
Hurling managers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship

masks:
Doyle
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Jimmy Doyle
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Tommy Doyle
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title: John Plagis

texts:
Ioannis Agorastos "<mask><mask>, DSO, DFC & Bar (1919–1974) was a Southern Rhodesian flying ace in the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War, noted especially for his part in the defence of Malta during 1942. The son of Greek immigrants, he was accepted by recruiters only after Greece joined the Allies in late 1940. Following spells with No. 65 Squadron and No. 266 (Rhodesia) Squadron, he joined No. 249 (Gold Coast) Squadron in Malta in March 1942. Flying Spitfire Mk Vs, <mask> was part of the multinational group of Allied pilots that successfully defended the strategically important island against numerically superior Axis forces over the next few months.Flying with No. 185 Squadron from early June, he was withdrawn to England in early July 1942. After a spell as an instructor in the UK, <mask> returned to action in September 1943 as commander of No. 64 Squadron, flying Spitfire Mk VCs over northern France. He took command of No. 126 (Persian Gulf) Squadron in June 1944, and led many attacks on German positions during the invasion of France and the campaign that followed; he was shot down over Arnhem during Operation Market Garden, but only lightly wounded. After converting to Mustang IIIs, he commanded a wing based at RAF Bentwaters that supported bombing missions.He finished the war with the rank of squadron leader and remained with the RAF afterwards, operating Gloster Meteors at the head of No. 266 (Rhodesia) Squadron. <mask> was the top-scoring Southern Rhodesian ace of the war, and the highest-scoring ace of Greek origin, with 16 confirmed aerial victories, including 11 over Malta. Awarded the Distinguished Service Order and other medals, he was also one of Rhodesia's most decorated veterans. The Southern Rhodesian capital, Salisbury, honoured his wartime contributions by naming a street in its northern Alexandra Park neighbourhood after him. On his return home after retiring from the RAF with the rank of wing commander in 1948, he set up home at 1 John Plagis Avenue, opened a bottle store bearing his name, and was a director of several companies, including Central African Airways in the 1960s. He contested the Salisbury City constituency in the 1962 general election, standing for the Rhodesian Front, but failed to win.He died in 1974. Early life
<mask> was born on 10 March 1919 in Gadzema, a mining village near Hartley, about  south-west of the Southern Rhodesian capital Salisbury. His parents, Agorastos and <mask>, were Greek immigrants from the island of Lemnos; he had five siblings. Christened with the Greek name Ioannis Agorastos, Plagis used the English form of Ioannis, <mask>, from childhood, and attended Prince Edward School in Salisbury. Having been interested in aviation since he was a boy, Plagis volunteered for the Southern Rhodesian Air Force (SRAF) soon after the outbreak of war in September 1939. He was turned down because he was the son of foreign nationals and therefore not a citizen, despite having lived in Rhodesia all his life. After Italy invaded Greece in late October 1940, bringing the Greeks into the war on the Allied side, Plagis applied again—this time to join the Royal Air Force, which had absorbed the SRAF in April 1940—and was accepted.Training first in Southern Rhodesia, then England, <mask> passed out with the rank of flight sergeant in June 1941 with above-average ratings in all of his flying assessments. Though he was officially in the RAF as a Greek (he became a Rhodesian citizen only after the war), <mask> considered himself a Rhodesian flyer and wore shoulder flashes on his uniform denoting him as such. He named each aircraft he piloted during the war after his sister Kay, and painted that name on the side of each cockpit. After briefly flying Spitfires with No. 65 Squadron RAF, <mask> joined No. 266 (Rhodesia) Squadron, an almost all-Rhodesian Spitfire unit, on 19 July 1941. He served in the UK for about half a year, during which he was commissioned as a pilot officer, before being posted to the Mediterranean theatre in January 1942.Air war in Europe and the Mediterranean

First tour of operations

Plagis's first major operation was Operation Spotter, the first of many British endeavours to reinforce the besieged island of Malta in the face of German and Italian assaults during the Battle of the Mediterranean. Malta was considered to be of vital strategic importance, and its defence was looking increasingly precarious in March 1942. Spotter was a plan to strengthen its British garrison with 16 new Spitfire Mk Vs, which would be carried part of the way from Gibraltar on the aircraft carrier HMS Eagle, then flown to Malta; the pilots would then become part of the severely depleted No. 249 (Gold Coast) Squadron. The team of pilots comprised eight British airmen, four Australians, two New Zealanders and two Southern Rhodesians—Plagis and his close friend Pilot Officer Doug Leggo. The operation, carried out on 7 March 1942, was largely successful and 15 of the 16 Spitfires reached Malta. Plagis and Leggo arrived to find a third Rhodesian, Flight Officer George "Buck" Buchanan, already attached to the squadron.A further delivery of 16 Spitfires, Operation Picket I, was attempted on 21 March, but this was less successful; only nine of the planes arrived. Thirteen Spitfire reinforcement operations were ultimately launched between March and October 1942, playing a key role in the siege. The Luftwaffe and the Italian Regia Aeronautica meanwhile attempted to bomb Malta into submission, turning the airfields into "a wilderness of craters, the docks ... a shambles, Valletta a mass of broken limestone ..."

The Luftwaffe launched a major attack against key Maltese airfields at dawn on 20 March. Leggo, who had not slept for over 24 hours, returned to the airfield in the early hours having spent the night with a girlfriend. As the German planes approached he was ordered to prepare to fly. <mask> attempted to stop his friend from going, but Leggo insisted on flying, and took off at 08:05 as part of a group of four Spitfires and 12 Hurricanes aiming to intercept a squadron of Messerschmitt Bf 109s. He was soon seen to be flying poorly.A German pilot noticed this and attacked Leggo from close range, seriously damaging his aircraft and forcing him to bail out. Another Bf 109 then swooped and either fired at Leggo or collapsed his parachute with its slipstream, causing him to fall to his death. When Plagis learned what had happened, he was inconsolable, holding himself responsible. In his journal, he vowed to "shoot down ten for Doug—I will too, if it takes me a lifetime". <mask> shot down his first enemy aircraft on 25 March 1942, and on 1 April achieved four more aerial victories in a single afternoon, thereby becoming the siege of Malta's first Spitfire ace. His downing of four enemies in a few hours won him much praise from superiors and reporters, and contributed to his growing reputation as an aggressive but skilful combat pilot. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) on 1 May 1942, the citation noting that he had "destroyed 4 and probably destroyed a further 3 hostile aircraft"."With complete indifference to odds against him, he presses home his attacks with skill and courage," it continued—"He has set an outstanding example." On 11 May, <mask> attempted to down an Italian Reggiane Re.2001 by flying straight at it to ram it; taking erratic evasive manoeuvres, the Italian aircraft stalled and almost crashed into the sea. Thinking he had downed the enemy, <mask> claimed afterwards to have achieved an aerial victory without firing a shot, but the Italian flight reported no losses. <mask>'s Spitfire was lightly hit during this engagement, and the Rhodesian had some luck returning safely; he landed with only three gallons (14 litres) of fuel left. On 16 May, <mask> and an English ace, Pilot Officer Peter Nash, destroyed a Bf 109 for a shared kill that became No. 249 Squadron's 100th victory over Malta. Amid the continuing siege, the need for a major supply convoy to Malta was becoming urgent; the Governor Lord Gort warned Britain in early June that if no supplies came by August, he would have to surrender to prevent a famine.<mask> was promoted in the field to flight lieutenant on 4 June 1942 and transferred to No. 185 Squadron to command "B" Flight. He shot down two Re.2001s two days later to bring his tally of victories to ten (thereby fulfilling his pledge following Leggo's death), and destroyed a Bf 109 on 7 June. A month later, he received a Bar to his DFC, having been adjudged to have shown "exceptional skill and gallantry in combat ... Undeterred by superior numbers of attacking aircraft, he presses home his attacks with great determination." <mask> left Malta when his tour expired on 7 July 1942, flying first to Gibraltar, then the UK. The British finally delivered vital supplies to Malta on 15 August with Operation Pedestal (known in Malta as the "Santa Marija Convoy"). On arriving in England, Plagis was found to be suffering from malnutrition, scabies and physical and mental fatigue.He briefly convalesced in a nursing home, then spent a year as an instructor in England. He was promoted to probationary flying officer on 1 October 1942. Second tour of operations
<mask> returned to action in September 1943, when he was appointed commanding officer of No. 64 Squadron, then flying Spitfire Mk VCs over northern France from RAF Coltishall in Norfolk. Plagis downed a Bf 109 over France on 24 September 1943, then a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 on 23 November, and formally received the rank of flight lieutenant on 8 December 1943. At the start of June 1944, <mask> assumed command of No. 126 (Persian Gulf) Squadron, flying Spitfire Mk IXs that had recently been moved from Malta to assist in the invasion of Normandy.Six of the squadron's planes had been purchased by the Persian Gulf Spitfire Fund, and duly named after the donating sheikdoms; <mask>'s aircraft, which he chose because of the large letter "K" on its tail (echoing his sister's name), had "Muscat" painted in English and Arabic script on its side. He added to this a full rendering of "Kay" and other personal decorations. After leading No. 126 Squadron on raids into Normandy during the Allied invasion, <mask> took part in many of the attacks on German positions in northern France and the Low Countries that followed over the next few months. He was shot down over Arnhem in the Netherlands during Operation Market Garden in September 1944, but suffered only minor injuries and quickly returned to action. He received the Distinguished Service Order on 3 November for his "participat[ion] in very many sorties during which much damage has been inflicted on ... [German] shipping, radio stations, oil storage tanks, power plants and other installations". The citation particularly stressed an engagement in which a small group of Allied fighters led by <mask> had taken on a far superior force of enemy aircraft and shot down five of them, Plagis himself downing two.<mask> was described as "a brave and resourceful leader whose example has proved a rare source of inspiration". <mask> converted to Mustang IIIs along with the rest of his squadron at RAF Bentwaters in Suffolk during December 1944 and January 1945, and spent the rest of the war flying bomber escort missions at the head of Bentwaters Wing, which included No. 126 Squadron. He was promoted to squadron leader on 28 March 1945. Germany surrendered on 7 May, ending the war in Europe. <mask> finished the war with a tally of 16 enemy aircraft confirmed destroyed (including two shared victories counted as half a kill each), two shared probably destroyed, six damaged and one shared damaged. This made him Southern Rhodesia's highest-scoring ace of the war, as well as the top-scoring ace of Greek origin.He was one of the most-decorated Southern Rhodesian servicemen of the war. Post-war service and later life

<mask> stayed with the RAF following the end of hostilities, and from September 1946 to December 1947 commanded No. 266 (Rhodesia) Squadron in England and Germany, flying Gloster Meteor F.3s. He was awarded the Airman's Cross by the government of the Netherlands in October 1946. After retiring from the military with the rank of wing commander, <mask> returned home to Southern Rhodesia in 1948. A street in the north Salisbury suburb of Alexandra Park had been named after him in recognition of his wartime exploits; he moved into the house at the end of the road, 1 John Plagis Avenue. He married in 1954 and had three sons and a daughter.<mask> set up and ran a bottle store bearing his name in Salisbury, and was involved in several businesses during the next three decades, serving as a director on company boards, including Central African Airways from 1963 to 1968. He joined the Rhodesian Front on its formation in 1962, and was its candidate in Salisbury City in that year's general election, losing to the United Federal Party's <mask> Nicholson by 631 votes to 501. According to a report published by the Zimbabwe African National Union in 1969, Plagis was by then working in the office of the Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith (himself a Second World War Spitfire pilot), with responsibility for the premier's written correspondence. In later life, <mask> became a friend of British ace Douglas Bader, a prominent supporter of Rhodesia's  Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965. Bader, Smith and Plagis often socialised. Plagis also knew L Ron Hubbard, the American founder of Scientology, who briefly relocated to Salisbury in 1966. Hubbard initiated numerous business schemes in Rhodesia, including the purchase of the Bumi Hills Hotel at Kariba.<mask> was one of two local businessmen who partnered with Hubbard in the Bumi Hills deal. He also sold Hubbard an interest in his holdings before the American was deported. <mask> died in 1974, aged 54 or 55; according to Lauren St <mask>, an author from Gadzema, he had taken his own life, having never truly readjusted to the civilian world. Notes and references

Footnotes

References

Newspaper and journal articles

Bibliography

1919 births
1974 deaths
Date of death missing
Place of death missing
Alumni of Prince Edward School
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Greek World War II flying aces
People from Mashonaland West Province
Recipients of the Airman's Cross
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Rhodesian businesspeople
Rhodesian Front politicians
Royal Air Force wing commanders
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Shot-down aviators
Southern Rhodesian World War II flying aces
Suicides in Rhodesia
White Rhodesian people
Rhodesian people of Greek descent
Non-British Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
1974 suicides

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" Plagis
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title: Geoffrey I of Villehardouin

texts:
<mask> of Villehardouin () (c. 1169 – c. 1229) was a French knight from the County of Champagne who joined the Fourth Crusade. He participated in the conquest of the Peloponnese and became the second prince of Achaea (1209/1210–c. 1229). Under his reign, the Principality of Achaea became the direct vassal of the Latin Empire of Constantinople. He extended the borders of his principality, but the closing years of his rule were marked by his conflict with the church. Early years and the Fourth Crusade

<mask> was the eldest son of John of Villehardouin and his wife, Céline of Briel. He married one Elisabeth, traditionally identified with Elisabeth of Chappes, a scion of a fellow crusader family, an identification rejected by Longnon.He took the cross with his uncle, <mask>in, the future chronicler of the Fourth Crusade, at a tournament of Écry-sur-Aisne in late November 1199. <mask> were among the crusaders who went directly to Syria. Thus he was not present at the occupation of Constantinople by the crusaders on 13 April 1204. But hearing of the capture of the great city on the Bosporus, he decided to sail west in the summer of 1204. But the weather became bad, and adverse winds drove him westward. He landed at Modon (now Methoni, Greece) in the southern Peloponnese where he spent the winter of 1204–1205. Conquest of the Peloponnese

At Modon, <mask> entered into an alliance with a Greek archon (nobleman) from Messenia to conquer as much of the western Peloponnese as they could.Almost immediately afterward, however, the Greek died, and his son broke off the alliance. It was at this point that <mask> learned of the appearance of King Boniface I of Thessalonica (1204–1207) with his army before Nauplia (now Nafplion, Greece). He determined to seek aid and rode up early in 1205 to join the king. He was well received by Boniface I who would have retained <mask> in his service. But in the camp at Nauplia, <mask> found his good friend William of Champlitte and offered to the latter to share the conquest of the Peloponnese. His friend accepted the offer and the two also received royal permission for their expedition. They set out with 100 knights and 400 mounted men-at-arms upon their campaign in the spring of 1205.They took Patras and Pondikos by assault, and Andravida opened its gates. The people of the countryside came to make their submission and were confirmed in their property and local customs. Only in Arcadia (now Kyparissia) were the crusaders resisted. This opposition was led by landlords from Arcadia and Laconia, particularly the Chamaretos family, allied to the Slavic Melingoi tribe. The resistance was soon joined by a certain Michael, identified by many scholars with <mask> Komnenos Doukas (1204–1215) who was then creating his own principality in Epiros. Michael advanced into the Peloponnese with 5,000 men, but the little crusader army defeated him at Kountouras in northeast Messenia. Then the crusaders completed the conquest of the region and advanced into the interior of the country, occupying the entire peninsula with the exception of Arcadia and Laconia.William of Champlitte thus became master of the Peloponnese with the title prince of Achaea (1205–1209) under the suzerainty of the king of Thessalonica. <mask> received Kalamata and Messenia as a fief from the new prince. However, the Republic of Venice proceeded to make good her claims that the leaders of the Fourth Crusade had guaranteed it by the partition treaty of 1204 to the important way stations along the sea route to Constantinople. Thus the Venetians armed a fleet which took Modon and Coron (Koroni) in 1206, but William of Champlitte compensated <mask> by assigning Arcadia to him. Reign in Achaea

In 1208 <mask> of Achaea departed for France in order to claim an inheritance his brother had left to him. <mask> appointed <mask> to administer the principality as bailiff until the prince’s nephew, Hugh should arrive. However, both the first prince of Achaea and his nephew died very shortly.In May 1209, <mask> went to the Parliament of Ravennika that the Latin Emperor <mask> (1206–1216) had convoked at Ravennika to assure the emperor of his loyalty. The emperor confirmed <mask> as prince of Achaea and made him immediate imperial vassal. Moreover, <mask> also appointed <mask> seneschal of the Latin Empire. The Chronicle of the Morea narrates that <mask> only became prince of Achaea some time later, because the late <mask>’s nephew, Robert had a year and a day to travel to the Peloponnese and claim his inheritance. According to the story, all sorts of ruses were used to cause delays in Robert’s trip east, and when he finally arrived in the Peloponnese <mask> kept moving from place to place with the leading knights until the time had elapsed. <mask> then held an assembly that declared that the heir had forfeited his rights and elected <mask> hereditary prince of Achaea. Nevertheless, already in June 1209 <mask> made a pact with the Venetians on the island of Sapientza, whereby he acknowledged himself to be the vassal of the Republic of Venice for all the lands extending from Corinth to the roadstead of Navarino (now Pylos, Greece).<mask> also gave Venice the right to free trade throughout his principality. Afterward <mask> devoted himself to enlarging his possessions. With the aid of <mask>, the lord of Athens (1204–1225), he seized, in 1209 or 1210, the fortress of Acrocorinth where first Leo Sgouros, and then Theodore Komnenos Doukas, brother of <mask> of Epirus had resisted the attacks of the crusaders. In the months that followed, Nauplia was also taken, and early in 1212 the stronghold of Argos, where Theodore Komnenos Doukas had stored the treasure of the Church of Corinth, likewise fell into the hands of <mask> and <mask>. When Albertino and Rolandino of Canossa, the lords of Thebes had left their town, the lordship of Thebes was divided equally between <mask> and the lord of Athens. <mask> I sent to France, mainly to Champagne, for young knights to occupy the newly conquered lands and the fiefs of those who had returned to the west. Under <mask> the assignment of fiefs and the obligations which went with them were reviewed before the barons assembled in a great parliament at Andravida.Thus a dozen or so great baronies came into being in the principality, and those who received the titles to them made up with their many vassals the High Court of Achaea. At the time of the conquest much ecclesiastical property had been secularized and, despite the demands of the clergy, this had not been returned to the churches. The Chronicle of the Morea reports that when the churches refused to provide their fair share of military aid, <mask> seized their property and devoted the income from it to the construction of the powerful castle of Clermont. Furthermore, <mask> was also accused of treating the Greek priests as serfs because their numbers had considerably increased, since the Greek prelates showed no hesitation in conferring orders on peasants to permit them to escape the burdens of serfdom. These events resulted in a prolonged conflict with the church. First the Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, Gervasius promulgated a decree of excommunication against <mask> and laid an interdict upon Achaea. Upon the request of <mask>, however, on 11 February 1217 Pope Honorius <mask> (1216–1227) declared that the patriarch was to relax the sentence within a week after the receipt of the papal letter.Then the patriarch sent out a legate who laid a new interdict upon the Principality of Achaea. But his act was again qualified by the pope as usurpation of the power of the Holy See. Next the papal legate Cardinal Giovanni Colonna who was travelling through the Peloponnese in 1218 excommunicated <mask> because of the prince's contumacious retention of certain abbeys, churches, rural parishes, and ecclesiastical goods. Upon the request of the local high clergy, the pope confirmed <mask>'s excommunication on 21 January 1219. The pope even declared <mask> to be an enemy of God “more inhuman than Pharaoh”. The conflict lasted some five years, until 1223 when <mask> decided to negotiate and sent one of his knights to Rome. Finally on September 4, 1223 Pope Honorius <mask> confirmed the accord that had been drawn up between the prince and the church of Achaea.According to the treaty, <mask> I restored the church lands, but he kept the treasures and furnishings of the churches in exchange for an annual indemnity and the number of Greek priests enjoying liberty and immunity was also to be limited in proportion to the size of the community. In the meantime, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, now ruler of Epirus (1215–1224), had attacked the kingdom of Thessalonica and laid siege the kingdom's capital. <mask>, despite the urgent appeals of the pope, did not appear to have assisted the threatened city that finally surrendered near the end of 1224. <mask> died sometime between 1228 and 1230 at the age of about sixty. He was buried in the Church of St James in Andravida. Footnotes

See also
Fourth Crusade
Principality of Achaea
Chronicle of Morea

References

 Evergates, Theodore (2007). The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300.University of Pennsylvania Press. .

Further reading
Bratu, Cristian. “Clerc, Chevalier, Aucteur: The Authorial Personae of French Medieval Historians from the 12th to the 15th centuries.” In Authority and Gender in Medieval and Renaissance Chronicles. Juliana Dresvina and Nicholas Sparks, eds. (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2012): 231-259. Finley Jr, John H. "Corinth in the Middle Ages." Speculum, Vol. 7, No.4. (Oct., 1932), pp. 477–499. Tozer, H. F. "The Franks in the Peloponnese." The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Vol. 4. (1883), pp.165–236. 12th-century births
1220s deaths
Medieval French knights
Christians of the Fourth Crusade
Villehardouin family
Princes of Achaea
Burials at the Church and Hospice of St. James (Andravida)
13th-century people of the Principality of Achaea

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title: Vasili Oshchepkov

texts:
<mask> (); (January 7, 1893 - October 10, 1938) was a researcher of different types of national wrestling and martial arts. He was ranked as a Merited Master of Sports of the USSR and an Honored Coach of the USSR. He was one of the founders of Sambo, a martial art developed in the Soviet Union. During the political purges of 1937, <mask> was accused of being a Japanese spy, and was executed in prison as a result. Early life

Very little is known about <mask>  earlier life before adulthood. Although he became an orphan by 8. Education at the Kodokan
After the transfer in 1905 of South Sakhalin to Japan under the Treaty of Portsmouth in 1904, <mask> by this time an orphan, who was sent to study in  Starting in September 1907 he studied at the Theological seminar in Tokyo in the Orthodox mission, organized by the future St Nicholas of Japan.In the seminary he studied judo, and, on the recommendation of the coach as the best judoka at the Seminary Vasily was admitted to the entrance examinations and admitted to the Kodokan Judo Institute in Tokyo, founded by Jigoro Kano, on October 29, 1911. On June 15, 1913 <mask> received the first degree black belt - shodan (first dan); in October 1917, during a trip to Japan, he passed the exams to receive his second degree black belt, becoming the first Russian and the third European to get a nidan in judo. Ranks in judo did not go to tenth degree, as now, but only fifth degree. Work in intelligence
After finishing seminary in 1913, he returned to Russia and worked as a translator in counterintelligence, first as a Zaamurskogo border guard in Harbin, then in the Department of Counterintelligence at Vladivostok Fortress, Amur Military District, in Vladivostok. In 1914, he founded Russia's first judo school and the world's first international judo competition held in 1915. He repeatedly went on business trips to Japan and in 1918 he taught judo to police in Vladivostok. In 1919 he worked for the Siberian Army and in the Japanese Office of Military Field Communications as an interpreter.During this period he, through a colleague, fellow countryman and fellow student at the Tokyo Seminary Trofim Yurkevich, established a connection with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. At the same time, enterprising <mask> tries to earn: he opens a school for teaching the Japanese language, participates in trade operations with Japan, and even buys a film projector. After the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Primorye <mask>, he received an offer of cooperation with Soviet intelligence, and on September 1, 1923 had given a written cooperation with the Division of Human Intelligence of the 5th Army of the Red Army, and was then sent to the North Sakhalin, which until 1925, still remained under Japanese occupation. In 1924 <mask> returned to Japan under the guise of the owner inherited from his father's houses in Alexandrovsk and Booker: under a Japanese law film the distributor was obliged to arrange preferential sessions for military personnel. His reports in the Soviet Union had an important practical meaning, for example, allowed to withdraw Japanese troops from the north of Sakhalin, but because of disagreements with his incompetent superiors in 1926 had to return to the USSR, where he was accused of embezzling state-owned assets. To compensate for 3140 yen spent on agents, but not backed by receipts, he had to sell almost all private property, including the projector. Work in the Siberian military district
At the headquarters of the Siberian Military District, he was not going to lose highly yaponista and <mask> left Vladivostok as a translator.The January 27, 1927 order of the number 26 Revvovensoveta USSR "<mask> Vasily Sergeyevich determined to serve in the Red Army." Then on this basis, "the order of the Siberian Military District for the number 19" VS Oshchepkov "shall be appointed interpreter of the 7th District Headquarters Branch" in Novosibirsk, with the appointment has been issued retroactively - from 15 April 1926, with the payment of all laid during this period allowance. Almost all means <mask> went for treatment for his sick wife. He began to try to get into Moscow or Leningrad, where they could provide more effective medical care and have a higher salary. As a result, in September 1929, he was summoned to Moscow. His wife by this time, had already died. Popularization of judo in the USSR and the creation of Sambo
In 1914, immediately after his arrival in Russia, <mask> organized in the Vladivostok circle of Judo, which functioned at the address.Ship Embankment. 21 (now - the Sports Club of the Pacific Fleet), what in June 1915, an article appeared in the Moscow magazine "Hercules". In 1917 in Vladivostok, the first in the history of the much-touted international match Judo:  Oshchepkova students competed with students of Japanese Higher Commercial School Otaru, came to Vladivostok that such an international match was in 1915. In 1927, at a meeting in the Novosibirsk Osoaviahima cell at the headquarters of the Siberian Military District, <mask> made a story about judo, then immediately it was decided to arrange for headquarters staff study group techniques of self-defense. Specialist services rushed to take advantage of a rare and local society "Dynamo". Immediately after the transfer to Moscow  Oshchepkov opened at the Central House of the Red Army (CDKA) two-month course "dzyuu-up" (writing at the time). After the first demonstrations in CSKA Moscow immediately created two groups of military personnel and Army House, as well as the country's first female group.In 1929 he became a teacher at the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism. Work at the Institute of Physical Education gave <mask> unique insight into the struggle of the peoples of the USSR systems, whose representatives were trained in his chair. He analyzed the bayonet, international sports, martial arts, Chinese martial arts and a number of national kinds of struggle in terms of their applicability in a combat encounter. On the basis of this analysis, <mask> amalgamated the underlying movement patterns to create a martial art better suited for war-based combat which later became known as Sambo. In 1930, with the direct participation <mask> was prepared and published "Guidelines for the physical preparation of the Red Army," and in 1931 - textbook "Exercise of the Red Army," where for the first time a program was set for a comprehensive program of training fighting. In parallel with the publication of teaching materials VS Oshchepkov held special courses for officers of the Moscow garrison, and then turned to the job of instructor-methodological Office of the Moscow garrison committee, directly himself carried the teaching of martial arts in several military units, and also took part in the competitions Moscow garrison commanders on the bayonet, taking first place there. In 1931, the Soviet Union developed a sports complex Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR.In 1932, the complex was established by the TRP of the second stage, in which, as one of the rules of self-defense techniques appeared. Development of a set of techniques for the TRP-II on behalf of the Special Commission, chaired by Sergey Kamenev was engaged  Oshchepkov. In 1930, on the basis of CSKA Moscow, but through the sports committee, VS Oshchepkov conducted special training of trainers, which were trained physical education teachers from various regions of the country. Among them was Alexander Rubanchik from Rostov-on-Don, who served in the militia, and on whose initiative Oshchepkov held demonstrations in the Central High School militia, which, apart from himself, attended by graduates of the course in its entirety. The demonstration was a great success, then VS Oshchepkov immediately was invited to teach at this school police headquarters. In addition to the required course of unarmed combat,  <mask> began to lead in TSVSHM and club work, which continued at the military faculty Infizkulta. The training program Oshchepkova and club activities in TSVSHM were eliminated in 1934 at the request of VA Spiridonov, saying that it was contrary to his own and formally approved by the program.In 1932, when Infizkulte was established in the Military Department, teaching of martial arts and combat clothing as in the faculty and in organized courses carried with him to Oshchepkov. In the years 1933-1934 he also taught students a two-year school named after N. Unions Shvernik. In 1934 Vasily Sergeyevich creates its own section in the newly built Palace of Sports Aviakhim that in 1935 sends his apprentice, intern from Infizkulta AA Kharlampiev. In the summer of 1937 VS Oshchepkov achieved specialization opening Judo organized with Infizkulte High School coaches. Arrest and death

On the night of 1 to 2 October 1937, Oschchepkov was arrested. He died in the Butyrka prison, officially of a heart attack. In reality he was accused of being a Japanese spy and ten days after his arrest he was shot in the head for his fraternization with “Japanese imperialists.” In 1957  <mask> <mask>  was posthumously pardoned and found innocent of any wrongdoing.Personal life
<mask> was married three times. He divorced his first wife Katerina Zhuravleva in 1924. He fell in love with a 17-year old countrywoman Maria from Alexander G., who lived at that time in the same city. At 22, Maria died of tuberculosis. Later, <mask> married Anna Ivanovna. In his later years, <mask> began to struggle with health problems. <mask>'s pupils noted that he never showed himself naked.Some have concluded that he was concealing some skin disease. Trainee Kharlampiev and Oshchepkova AA Budzinskaya said that he was at the home of the teacher at the beginning of 1937 in an alley Medvedev. According to him, "Vasily Sergeyevich lying on the bed and I was sick, he has tormented heart disease, and he never parted with nitroglycerin. Legacy
In the 2000s in various regions of Russia were organized clubs and tournaments Sambo memory <mask>, including the All-Russian youth tournament in combat sambo in memory of <mask> <mask>, including the Russian youth tournament in combat sambo named after <mask> <mask>. During the meeting, the Board of the APEC in Vladivostok in September 2012, he was laid monument master. In order to promote sambo in Russia and the world, as well as the formation of images in the public mind the heroes of the Fatherland on the example of the life and mission of St. <mask> and other worthy devotees on the initiative of a number of sports and public organizations in Russia , he launched a project named <mask> Oshchepkova project.On September 9, 2012, the 120th anniversary of <mask>'s birthday was celebrated in Vladivostok's sports center, with participation of judokas from Japan and Russia. In October, 2014, the World Sambo Championships were held for the first time in Japan where Oshchevpkov had learned judo. In September, 2016, at Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok, Premier Abe of Japan, emphasizing the Russo-Japanese friendship, mentioned in his address: "I hope to visit 21 Korabelnaya Embankment where, as Mr. Putin would know well, <mask> Oshchepkov opened the first judo school in Russia." On September 24, 2016, the sculpture by Peter Chegadayev of <mask> <mask> receiving a black belt from Jigoro Kano, entitled "Fighting Tiger Cubs", was unveiled at the place where Oshchepkov had opened the first judo school in Russia. Bibliography

 Лукашев М. Н. Сотворение самбо: родиться в царской тюрьме и умереть в сталинской. — М.: «Будо-Спорт», 2003. — 104 с.— . References

1893 births
1937 deaths
Great Purge victims from Russia
Martial arts school founders
People convicted of treason
People convicted of treason against the Soviet Union
People from Alexandrovsk-Sakhalinsky District
Russian male judoka
Russian sambo practitioners
Soviet martial artists
White movement people

masks:
Vasiliy Sergeyevich Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Vasili Oshchepkov
Vasili
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkova
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkova
Oshchepkov
Vasili
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkov
Oshchepkova
Oshchepkova
Oshchepkova
Vasili
Oshchepkov
Vasili
Oshchepkov
Basil Oshchepkova
Vasili
Oshchepkov
Vasili
Vasili
Oshchepkov


title: Altaf Gauhar

texts:
<mask> (17 March 1923 – 14 November 2000) was a civil servant, journalist, poet, and writer from Pakistan, close to the country’s first military dictator Ayub Khan to the point his detractors called him Khan’s Svengali and Goebbels. Early life
He was born in Gujranwala on 17 March 1923 into a Rajput-Janjua family and did his post graduation in English literature from the Government College University, Lahore. Civil service career

<mask> entered the Civil Service of Pakistan in 1948. Starting his career as Secretary, State Bank of Pakistan, he rose to be Information Secretary Government of Pakistan at the age of 39. During his tenure, draconian laws governing the press were passed, something for which <mask> later publicly apologised. He was a gifted writer and became very close to President Ayub Khan, so much so that he was known as the de facto vice president of Pakistan. He was the main ghost writer for the latter's autobiography entitled Friends Not Masters, published 1967.After the death of his old mentor, he wrote the biography, Ayub Khan : Pakistan's First Military Ruler, which gave a different story altogether, prompting people to question 'who is the real Ayub?' The last official act of President Ayub Khan before handing over power was to invite <mask> <mask> to lunch with his family and bestow on him the high civil award of Hilal-i-Quaid-i-Azam. Through some palace intrigues, President Yahya Khan assumed power on 25 March 1969. A day or two before that he had had a serious altercation with <mask> <mask> who wanted Ayub Khan to continue. In 1969, <mask> was initially marginalized as Director Finance Services Academy Lahore, a position much lower in rank than a Central Secretary. Subsequently, he was dismissed from service and all his four civil awards were forfeited. Post civil service career

On leaving the civil service in 1969, he became editor of the Pakistani daily newspaper Dawn.Later, when Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was chief martial law administrator, he was twice imprisoned. It was while in jail, that <mask> became deeply absorbed by the Quran, from which he was later to make several distinguished translations, the last one shortly before he died, when he was in great pain and undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. On release from prison, he left Dawn for London and launched the journals Third World Review and Third World Quarterly (in association with The Guardian newspaper), South magazine, and established the Third World Foundation. After BCCI went into liquidation, he returned to Pakistan, and continued into journalism. He poured all his energies into the role of editor-in-chief of the Muslim. Death

Latterly, <mask> restricted himself to an occasional column in the newspaper The Muslim, but left the newspaper when its editor, A. B. S. Jafri, was sacked by the owner.In Pakistan, on his death, he was commemorated as "a very eminent Pakistani", a man who knew power and how it could be used or abused. <mask> died of cancer on 14 November 2000 at the age of 77 years. Bibliography

Urdu
Nai Bengali afsanai, 1955. Translation of modern short stories from the Bengali language. Teḥrīren̲ cand, 1995. Articles on Urdu literature; includes some poems. Ayyūb K̲h̲ān, faujī rāj ke pahle das sāl, 1995.Historical study of the first 10 years of the rule of Mohammad Ayub Khan, 1907–1974 as a chief martial law administrator, written by the information secretary of his government. Likhte rahe jinon̲ kī ḥikāyat, 1997. Articles on socio-political conditions in Pakistan arranged chronologically from 1993 to 1996. Gauhar-i guzashtah, 2007. Autobiography. English
Twenty years of Pakistan, 1947–1967, 1967. Translations from the Quran, 1975.V. 1. A charter of human liberty. The original path. A people most balances. The fall of a nation. The arrogance of reason. There is no compulsion in religion.Ibrahim's prayer. In moments of distress. v. 2. The Qur'anic concept of justice. The doctrine of abrogation. On prohibition. On interest.The Islamic concept of world economic order, 1977. The Challenge of Islam, 1978. Third World strategy : economic and political cohesion in the South, 1983. Edited by <mask> <mask> ; contributions by Ali Ahmed Attiga [and others]. The Rich and the poor : development, negotiations, and cooperation : an assessment, 1983. Papers from the Beijing South-South Conference, held 4–7 April 1983 in Peking, edited by <mask> <mask>. South-south strategy, 1983.Edited by <mask> <mask>. Talking about development, 1983. Edited by <mask> <mask>. Shared horizon : interviews with leaders of thought, 1985. Regional integration : the Latin American experience, 1985. This book seeks to explain why regional integration, originally perceived as vital to the development of Latin America, now finds these countries among the most adversely affected by the present economic crisis. At this crucial juncture in their development, when most of Latin America is faced with a gigantic debt burden and unprecedented social and political instability, the contributors to this book call for a review of the framework under which regional integration presently operates.The book outlines and discusses new formulae to make integration workable within the constraints of the present economic conditions and pressures facing Latin American countries. Pakistan: elections for survival: open letter to Prime Minister Junejo, 1987. Arab petrodollars : dashed hope for a new economic order, 1987. Ayub Khan, Pakistan's first military ruler, 1996. A candid account of Ayub's rule. The much-publicized Decade of Reforms, the inner story of Ayub's election struggle against his chief contender, Miss Jinnah, and the story behind the Tashkent Declaration and the Agartala Conspiracy, are all under scrutiny. This analyses the 'two pleas' sent by Nehru to Kennedy and the resulting correspondence, and throws light on subjects that were previously unknown or shrouded in mystery
Thoughts and after thoughts, 1998.Collection of articles previously published in a Daily "The Nation" during 1995–1998. References

External links
 A short Bio. Pakistani biographers
Pakistani civil servants
1923 births
2000 deaths
20th-century biographers
Pakistani newspaper editors
Pakistani columnists
Poets from Lahore

masks:
Altaf Gauhar
Gauhar
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar
Gauhar
Gauhar
Gauhar
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar
Altaf
Gauhar


title: John Daversa

texts:
<mask> is an American jazz trumpeter, electronic valve instrument (EVI) player, composer, arranger, conductor, bandleader, producer and educator. Early life
<mask> is the son of <mask>, trumpeter for Stan Kenton and Los Angeles studio musician, and <mask>, music educator and pianist. He was born in Los Angeles and moved to Ada, Oklahoma at age 7. He also lived in Las Vegas and Sacramento before returning to Los Angeles for high school at Hamilton Academy of Music. Career
<mask> has degrees from UCLA, California Institute of the Arts, and a doctorate from USC. He is Chair of Studio Music and Jazz at University of Miami, Frost School of Music and directs the Frost Concert Jazz Band. Before this appointment, he taught the Jazz Studies Program at California State University, Northridge.He regularly performs with the <mask> Progressive Big Band, <mask> Small Band, and is a guest conductor and soloist all over the world. <mask> has worked with Moonchild, Fiona Apple, Burt Bacharach, Joe Cocker, Andraé Crouch, Gin, Herbie Hancock, Holiday on Ice, Bob Mintzer Big Band, Renee Olstead, Regina Spektor, Andy Williams, and The Yellowjackets. His playing has been featured on film and television, including The Five-Year Engagement, Key and Peele, The King of Queens, and Promised Land. His album American Dreamers: Voices of Hope, Music of Freedom (BFM Jazz, 2018) won three Grammy Awards at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards: Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album, "Don't Fence Me In" won in the Best Improvised Jazz Solo category, and "Stars and Stripes Forever" won in the Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella category. Discography

As leader or co-leader

 All Without Words: Variations Inspired by Loren, <mask> Jazz Orchestra featuring Justin Morell, 2021
 Cuarentena: With Family at Home, <mask> Quintet, Cuarentena: With Family at Home, 2020
 American Dreamers: Voices of Hope, Music of Freedom, <mask> Big Band featuring DACA Artists, 2018
 Wobbly Dance Flower, <mask> featuring Bob Mintzer, 2017
 Kaleidoscope Eyes: Music of the Beatles, <mask>, 2016
 Artful Joy, <mask>, 2012
 Junk Wagon: The Big Band Album, <mask>, 2011
 Shogun Warrior, Plays for Lovers, Shogun Warrior, 2010
 Westland, Westland Trio, 2010
 Live at Catalina’s, (Vol. I), <mask>rsa Big Band, 2009 (Recorded live in 2000)
 Live at Catalina’s, Vol. II, <mask> Daversa Big Band, 2000
 The D.a.M.Band, The Daversa and Morell Band, 1994

As producer or co-producer

 Swing States: Harmony in the Battleground (Feat. Jon Batiste, <mask>, and Harvey Mason) Regina Carter Freedom Band, 2020
 Shoulder to Shoulder: Centennial Tribute to Women’s Suffrage, Karrin Allyson Sextet, 2019
 Justin Morell Concerto for Guitar and Jazz Orchestra (feat. Adam Rogers), Frost Concert Jazz Band, Conducted by <mask>, 2018
 Transcendence, Trinity Devi, 2018
 Europa: Explorations for Large Jazz Ensemble, Frost Concert Jazz Band, Conducted by <mask>, 2017
 Kaleidoscope Eyes: Music of the Beatles, <mask>, 2016
 Harmony – Venus Gong, Trinity Devi, 2015
 Oneness – Ek Ong Kar Gong, Trinity Devi, 2015
 Focus, Kendall Moore, 2014
 El Guapo, Scott Jeppesen, 2013
 Love for Sale, James Tormé, 2011
 Live at Catalina’s, (Vol. I), <mask> Big Band, 2009 (Recorded live in 2000)
 Buck’s Vibe, Peter Buck, 2008
 Time for Christmas, Phil Crosby, Jr., 2007
 Live at Catalina’s, Vol. II, <mask> Big Band, 2000

As band-member

 Come Fly With Me (Single), Ledisi, Gregg Field, <mask>, Patti Austin, Randy Waldman, Willie Murillo, Jeff Driskill, Erik Hughes, and Kate Duhamel, 2021
 LowJacked, Jackson 6, 2021
 Cheap Thrill: The Music of Rick Margitza (feat. Chuck Bergeron), South Florida Jazz Orchestra, 2020
 Swing States: Harmony in the Battleground (Feat.

masks:
John Daversa
Daversa
Jay Daversa
Mary Ann Daversa
Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Dave
John
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa
John Daversa


title: Dick Beals

texts:
<mask> (March 16, 1927 – May 29, 2012) was an American actor, who performed many voices in his career, which spanned the period from the early 1950s into the 21st century. <mask> voiced both male and female children. Perhaps his most recognizable characterization was the voice of the stop-motion animation figure called "Speedy Alka-Seltzer", featured in television commercials for more than 50 years. Early life
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, on March 16, 1927, and graduated in 1949 from Michigan State University (MSU), where he majored in radio broadcasting and puppetry. He covered intramural sports and performed in weekly radio dramas for the campus radio station WKAR. <mask> was also a member of the Michigan State cheerleading squad. Career
In January 1949, as a senior at MSU, <mask> got a call to do a radio commercial for WXYZ, Detroit.After the show, the director asked him to be on call for all the children's voices as well as those of small, talking animals on all three network radio shows produced by WXYZ: The Lone Ranger, Green Hornet and Challenge of the Yukon. <mask> was a member of the cast of The Hudson Sketchbook, the "first regularly scheduled TV program to go on the air in Detroit," on WWJ-TV. In 1952, after performing in an episode of The Green Hornet, WXYZ station manager Jack McCarthy referred <mask> to Forrest Owen of Wade Advertising. Owen showed <mask> a rendering of a proposed product spokesman for their client, Alka-Seltzer and had him record a voice audition. Four months later, <mask> was notified that he had been selected as the voice for Speedy Alka-Seltzer as well as the voice of Sticky, the Vaseline mascot. <mask> moved to Los Angeles where he continued making commercials as Speedy Alka-Seltzer and also provided voices for other commercials, such as Alka-Seltzer, Oscar Mayer, the Campbell Soup Kids, and Bob's Big Boy. <mask> recorded his first Speedy Alka-Seltzer television commercial in 1953, doing a total of 225 in his career.In 1953, <mask> was hired to do the voice for his first cartoon character. This was Ralph Phillips, a Walter Mitty-type boy in From A to Z-Z-Z-Z by Warner Bros.  Cartoons. The cartoon was nominated for an Academy Award. <mask> continued doing voices for cartoons Warner Bros. Cartoons cartoons, often as uncredited secondary characters. When Hanna-Barbera started with The Flintstones, and then The Jetsons, <mask> provided many of the children's voices on those shows, sometimes performing several different minor characters on the same show. One of his recurring roles was as Mr. Spacely's son Arthur on The Jetsons with the exception of season 3. From 1960 to 1964, <mask> played the voice of Davey Hansen, as well as other child voices, on Davey and Goliath.He did not do any voices for that series after 1965, when Norma MacMillan replaced him as Davey. Although some sources say that <mask> voiced Gumby in the 1960s, <mask> himself refuted this claim in a 2001 interview. <mask> provided voices for both the characters "Yank" and "Dan" of the "American Eagles" troupe in the mid-1960s cartoon series Roger Ramjet. In 1967, <mask> was the singing voice of child actor Bobby Riha as "Jack" in the NBC-TV special Jack and the Beanstalk starring Gene Kelly. He was the voice of Buzz Conroy, the boy scientist on Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles, and Richie Rich's mischievous cousin, Reggie Van Dough on Richie Rich. <mask> was also the voice of Birdboy on Birdman and the Galaxy Trio as well as the voices for Buzzer Bell, Jasper N. Parks and on rare occasions sharing the voice role of Nancy Wible as Shrinking Violette on The Funny Company. He also provided the voice for the recurring villain Tiny Tom in the 1966–1969 cartoon series The Lone Ranger.A unique on-camera role came in a 1960 episode of Peter Gunn called "The Dummy", in which he played a human ventriloquist's dummy that performs the act on its own, since the ventriloquist had lost his voice, his other live action role was in the 1950s television series Craig Kennedy, Criminologist, playing as Bobby "Butch" Moore in the episode "The Kid Brother". In the 1980s, <mask> owned an ad agency. During the late 1980s, <mask> provided the voices for various characters on Garfield and Friends with the most major character he voiced being Jon's cruel nephew Rosco. In the 1987 release of Arnold Leibovit's The Puppetoon Movie, <mask> provided the voice for the character Speedy Alka-Selzer. From 1989–1993, he played Nicholas Adamsworth on the Focus on the Family radio drama Adventures in Odyssey. In 1996, <mask> provided the voice of the Pinocchio puppet in the horror film Pinocchio's Revenge. <mask> continued doing occasional voice acting, appearing as a guest at Old Time Radio conventions and as a motivational speaker.He was active as an alumnus of Michigan State University and in his spare time he enjoyed spending time on his yacht Think Big. He retired from voice acting in late 2005, his final voice acting role was Baby-Faced Moonbeam in the animated television series Duck Dodgers. Personal life
<mask> wrote in his autobiography, Think Big, that his high voice and boyish appearance were due to a glandular problem; he did not go through puberty (much like Walter Tetley, who had provided the voice for Sherman on The Bullwinkle Show). <mask> was 4 foot 7 inches (just under 140 cm) tall and weighed just under 70 pounds (about 31 kg). Despite his short stature, he flew planes using modified controls. <mask> died on May 29, 2012, at Vista Gardens Memory Care in Vista, California, at the age of 85. Filmography

Film

Television

Live action

Commercials
Alka-Seltzer - Speedy Alka-Seltzer (1953–1976)

References

External links

 Alka-Seltzer FAQ
 "Gumby's Name, Personality and Voice"

1927 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male radio actors
American male voice actors
Actors with dwarfism
Hanna-Barbera people
Michigan State University alumni
Male actors from Detroit
Warner Bros. Cartoons voice actors

masks:
Richard Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Beals
Death Beals