title: Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley

texts:
<mask>, 5th Baron <mask> (17 September 1567 – 23 June 1643) was a major landowner, mainly in Staffordshire and Worcestershire, and briefly a Member of the House of Commons of England. Through his intemperate behaviour he won widespread notoriety, completed the financial ruin of his family, and was the last of his name to bear the title. Background and early life
Sutton's father was <mask>, 4th Baron <mask>, a distinguished soldier who managed to regain the family estates after they were forfeit to <mask>, Duke of Northumberland as a result of debt. His mother was the 4th Baron's second wife, Jane Stanley, daughter of <mask>, 3rd Earl of Derby. He had a younger brother, John, and an elder half-sister, Agnes, by his father's first wife. <mask> is believed to have been born in September 1567 as he was baptised on 17 September 1567. In 1580, at the aged of 13, he was sent to Lincoln College, Oxford, and the following year, when only 14 years old, was married to Theodosia Harington of Exton, Rutland who was about 5 years older.<mask>'s players
Sutton was the patron of group of actors, known as Lord <mask>'s players, and a performing bear. In 1595 he drew up a warrant for his company led by Francis Coffyn and Laurence Bradshaw to travel and perform. Sutton revoked this license and patronised a different group of actors, but some actors tried unsuccessfully to use the cancelled 1595 warrant in Chester in November 1602. <mask>'s players were in Newcastle in March 1600. In 1615 the leader of the company was called Dishley. Political career
<mask> was elected as one of the two knights of the shire for Staffordshire in 1584. Still only 17 years old, he was returned ahead in order of precedence of <mask>.It is not clear how this was achieved. Legh was made High Sheriff of Staffordshire on the day of the election and had to be given leave of absence by Parliament. Sutton made no recorded contributions in the Commons. He succeeded his father in 1586 and so was unable to stand for election in that year. Despite his apparent anxiety to serve in the councils of his country, Sutton did not take his seat in the House of Lords until 1593. Sutton's most important political intervention came through the Staffordshire election scandal of 1597. Pursuing a property dispute with the Worcestershire Lytteltons, Sutton put up his brother John as a candidate, in an attempt to stop the election of Sir <mask> of Pillaton Hall, a close ally of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex.Sutton ensured success by procuring a blank election return from Thomas Whorwood, the High Sheriff, who was John Sutton's father-in-law. Littleton, cheated of certain victory, filed bills against the Suttons and Whorwood in Star Chamber. Among his complaints against Lord <mask> was that he had personally voted for his brother in the voice vote at Stafford. As a peer, Sutton should have no part in elections to the Commons, Littleton maintained, apparently the first time this constitutional principle was expressed. The other candidate, Sir Christopher Blount, Essex's stepfather, was also offended at having been placed below Sutton on the election indenture. His wife, Essex's mother, wrote to the Earl complaining about the outrage, and Sutton was summoned before the Privy Council. However, the parliament was soon over, and it appears that Littleton chose to concentrate his efforts on the hapless Whorwood.Although his chicanery and bad manners had alienated some of the greatest in the land, the consequences for Sutton might have been worse. Landowner and industrialist
<mask> spent most of his life pressured by the authorities to meet debts that were beyond his ability to pay, partly inherited from his father, and partly the result of his own poor management of his resources. <mask>, like his immediate ancestors, owned substantial estates around Dudley Castle including the manors of Dudley, Sedgley and Kingswinford. He developed the mineral resources of these estates, building (probably) five blast furnaces on them. He obtained a licence to use the patent of John Robinson (or Rovenson) for making iron with pitcoal (that is, mineral coal) in 1619, and in 1622 renewed this patent in his own name. Sutton was said to be an innovator who set up an early reverberatory furnace using coal and a glassworks directed by Paul Tissac, or Tyzack, where coal rather than wood was first used as fuel. These projects brought him no profit.<mask> brought his illegitimate son Dud <mask> home from Balliol College, Oxford to manage his ironworks, but this strategy was not entirely successful. Ultimately <mask> fell out with Dud and expelled Dud from the new coke-fired blast furnace that <mask> had built at Hasco Bridge on the boundary between Gornal and Himley. Debts continued to grow, and by 1593 the estate had been sequestrated. The ironworks were essential because the family's debts were already so large that Lord <mask>'s father's will had earmarked all the proceeds of his ironworks for 21 years to pay creditors, who were given precedence over his widow and younger children. Money issues soured relations with John, <mask>'s younger brother. John had been compensated for his exclusion from a portion of his father's estate by the promise of an annuity from his brother, which <mask> never paid. The electoral fraud of 1597 might have helped John establish new contacts and income streams, but the parliament lasted little more than three months and the scandal made any further parliamentary career impossible for him.Always short of money, <mask> fought numerous battles to maintain his inheritance and income, many of them through violence. His most bitter feud was with Gilbert Lyttelton, centred on the farm of Prestwood, near Kinver, and reached its height in the 1590s. Prestwood is at the confluence of the River Smestow and the Worcestershire Stour. Sutton had Lyttelton ejected by force. He then claimed the right to seize outlaws' goods on other Lyttelton estates and raided them, driving off the sheep and cattle. Extending the dispute still further, he claimed one of Lyttelton's coal mines. He had the miners arrested, confiscated the stocks of coal and set the mine on fire.The Privy Council summoned <mask> and tried to reason with him, to no effect. Lyttelton complained to the Star Chamber, which found in his favour, fining Sutton heavily for rioting and cattle rustling. It was this that led Sutton to attempt revenge by blocking <mask>'s election, as he was a distant kinsman of Gilbert Lyttelton. Feelings were very bitter on both sides. The Privy Council had to write to the Worcestershire assizes in July 1598, demanding action against two of Gilbert Lyttelton's sons, Stephen and John, who had attacked John Sutton and his retainers, although the Suttons had already lost the property dispute. Marriage and family
<mask> was married at the age of 14 to Theodosia Harington (d. 1649). She was the daughter of James Harington of Exton, Rutland, a lawyer and long-serving MP.The Haringtons were the most important landowners in Rutland and Theodosia's eldest brother, John, was created Baron Harington of Exton in 1603. <mask> and Theodosia had a son and four daughters:

Ferdinando Sutton (1588-1621), who married Honora Seymour, a daughter of <mask>, Viscount Beauchamp, who was considered by some a potential claimant to the throne on the death of Elizabeth I.

Mary Sutton (1586–1645), who married Alexander Home, 1st Earl of Home. Anne Sutton (1589-1615), who married Hans Meinhard von Schönberg, the Palatine Ambassador to England: their son was Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg. Margaret Sutton (1597-1674), who married Sir Miles Hobart of Fleet Street and Plumstead in 1627, a son of Henry Hobart of Plumstead and Willoughby Hopton, a daughter of Arthur Hopton of Blythburgh and Witham. They had sons <mask>, Miles, Tom, John and James, and a daughter Willoughby. She was buried at St Margaret's, Westminster. Theodosia Sutton (1599-1615).<mask> also had a longtime mistress Elizabeth Tomlinson, who bore him a large family of illegitimate children, at least 11 in number. Lord <mask> provided for this second family. The eldest <mask> otherwise Tomlinson was given a small estate at Netherton in Dudley. Another son Dud <mask> was given a lease of Chasepool Lodge in Swindon, Staffordshire. A daughter Jane was grandmother to ironmaster Abraham Darby I. At the Star Chamber, Gilbert Lyttelton attempted to discredit <mask> by claiming that he had abandoned his wife in London without support to live with Elizabeth Tomlinson, "a lewd and infamous woman, a base collier's daughter". The Privy Council ordered <mask> to pay his wife an allowance, which he failed to do.In August 1597 he was sent to Fleet Prison. He was released after a few days, on condition that he pay maintenance of £100 annually for his wife, and £20 for each legitimate child. In less than 18 months he was back before the Privy Council, having got into arrears. <mask>'s legitimate son, Ferdinando, predeceased him, leaving a daughter Frances. <mask> married this granddaughter to Humble Ward, the son of a wealthy goldsmith, William Ward, who was one of his creditors. <mask> died on 23 June 1643 and was buried in St Edmund's Church, Dudley. Frances Ward inherited the estates, with their debts, and became Baroness <mask> suo jure.Humble Ward paid the debts and redeemed the estates for the benefit of themselves and their descendants. References

Further reading and external links
 'A letter from <mask> at Himley to Walter Bagot, 14 January 1603/4', , Folger Shakespeare Library, Early Modern Manuscripts Online, L.a.433. P. W. King, 'Dud <mask>'s contribution to metallurgy' Hist. Metall. 22(1) (2002), 43–53. 1567 births
1643 deaths
English MPs 1584–1585
Ironmasters
<mask>
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
17th-century English nobility
16th-century English nobility
5

masks:
Edward Sutton
Dudley
Edward Sutton
Dudley
John Dudley
Edward Stanley
Edward Sutton
Lord Dudley
Dudley
Lord Dudley
Edward Sutton
Edward Legh
Edward Littleton
Dudley
Edward Sutton
Lord Dudley
Edward Sutton
Dudley
Edward Sutton
Edward
Edward
Edward Sutton
Edward
Edward Sutton
Lord Dudley
Edward Littleton
Dudley
Dudley
Edward Seymour
Edward
Lord Dudley
Dudley
Robert Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Edward Sutton
Dudley
Edward Edward


title: Colin Gawel

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1969 in Worthington, Ohio), is co-founder, lead singer and guitarist of the American rock band Watershed who he formed with Joe Oestreich (vocals, bass) and Herb Schupp (drums) while they were still in middle school. The band is active to this day. <mask> also performs and releases music as a solo artist and with his side project, The League Bowlers. He also is a member of the Dead Schembechlers and Why Isn't Cheap Trick in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame? Since 2006 he has been the owner/operator at Colin's Coffee. In 2018 it was named business of the year in Upper Arlington, Ohio. This is also the spot where he founded the website Pencilstorm.com and where he does most of his writing.Early life
In first grade he was exposed to the record KISS Alive and shortly thereafter purchased his first guitar, a Gibson Melody Maker with money saved up from his Columbus Dispatch paper route. He began writing songs and formed his first band "The Wire" in 8th grade along with classmates Joe Oestreich (bass) and Herb Schupp (drums). All three entered Ohio State together and after receiving an encouraging phone call from Chris Blackwell at Island Records, decided to drop out of school and pursue music full-time. Career
The trio changed their name to Watershed and began relentlessly touring the eastern USA opening for established regional acts like Dash Rip Rock, Cowboy Mouth, Hootie and The Blowfish etc. Producer Jim Steinman heard a cassette version of "How Do You Feel" and soon after convinced Richard Griffiths to sign the band to Epic Records with Frankie LaRocca acting as A&R. The band recorded their Epic debut "Twister" at the Powerstation in NYC 1994. Watershed has toured with bands ranging from the Smithereens to the Insane Clown Posse through and remain active to this day.In 2007, Watershed went on hiatus so Joe Oestreich could focus on becoming an author. <mask> began recording solo material with producer Mike Landolt (Maroon 5) at Mike's Curry House in Columbus, Ohio. The pair decided to bypass the full-length CDs and focused on singles. The first, "Chemotherapy" was released May 9, 2009 and it inserted itself into the national debate on health care as a rallying cry for reform. Two more EPs followed: Superior and Still Love Christmas. He also co wrote many tracks with Erica Blinn, for her debut Lovers in the Dust which was also produced by Mike Landolt. Superior was <mask>'s best received single and got heavy airplay in the Columbus, Ohio area along with some minor play along the East Coast.The video features <mask>'s son Owen playing the character of "Joe". His band, <mask>el and the Lonely Bones, performed at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for the Bruce Springsteen Fanfest Weekend for their second ever show  They also performed at Columbus' ComFest among others and were active throughout the Midwest during this period. Members were Rick Kinsinger (guitar, keys) Herb Schupp (Drums) and Dan Cochran (Bass). They play a show on Dec 23rd every year known as the "Still Love Christams" show. Also in 2007, <mask> opened Colin's Coffee in Upper Arlington, Ohio. He is a hands on owner and can be found there most mornings he isn't traveling for music. In 2018 Colin's Coffee was named Upper Arlington Business of the Year.The store features a large collection of rock n roll books. <mask> was a featured character in Joe Oestreich's critically acclaimed memoir, "Hitless Wonder - A life in Minor League Rock n Roll" released by Lyons Press in June 2012. The book was featured on NPR weekend edition. It was well received by major news outlets such as the Washington Post  The book rekindled a national interest in the music of <mask>'s band Watershed. In 2013, <mask> founded the website Pencilstorm.com and it replaced Colingawel.com as his primary creative writing outlet and features a rotating cast of roughly 20 writers focusing on pop culture and sports. It is still an active website. <mask> is a noted Cheap Trick super fan who started the band "Why Isn't Cheap Trick in the Rock n Roll Hall of Fame?"in 2012. The band would perform free sets of all Cheap Trick music to rally fans to support Trick's bid to be included in the rock and roll hall of fame. In 2014, <mask> founded The Willie Phoenix Tribute Machine to pay tribute to Columbus legend Willie Phoenix. The band included members of The New Bomb Turks and Howlin' Maggie and released two songs written by Willie Phoenix and were produced by Mike Landolt and engineered by Rick Kinsinger. It is being released on a vinyl 45 for RSD 2019. <mask> also started Shadowlords - The Willie Phoenix Fanpages on Facebook for a place to share Willie music and photos. In June 2015, <mask> reformed his band The League Bowlers to perform at Comfest in Columbus, Ohio.The "Bowlers" feature Willie Phoenix Alumni Jim Johnson (Drums) and Mike Parks (Guitar) and Four String Brew founder  Dan Cochran (Big Back 40) on bass. The band released one critically acclaimed record, Some Balls in 2004  before breaking up on stage at the Thirsty Ear Tavern in 2008. The League Bowlers - Some Balls Deluxe was released in December 2018. Lead guitarist Mike Parks passed away soon after and the original Bowlers line up disbanded. Mike actually recorded some of his tracks from the hospice with Rick Kinsinger engineering. In December 2015 <mask> was featured in a story of 614 Magazine previewing the release of his new record: Superior - The Best of <mask>. This release is 18 track compilation of his solo work outside of his music with Watershed produced by Mike Landolt for Curry House records.Also mentioned in the article were the success of his side project, "Why Isn't Cheap Trick in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame?" and his website Pencilstorm.com. In October 2016, a video for the song, "Dad Can't Help You Now" was released and features <mask>'s son Owen playing the batter. In 2019, <mask> disbanded The Lonely Bones and new version The League Bowlers became his primary backing band. Discography

Chemotherapy (2009) - Called "exceptionally strong" by the Columbus Other Paper
Superior (2010) - Was released on February 5, 2010
Still Love Christmas (2010) - Released on December 1, 2010. Official Bootleg: Live at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame: Bruce Springsteen Fanfest Weekend 6/13/2009 (2009)

Superior - The Best of <mask>el was released on December 28, 2015 on CurryHouse records. The League Bowlers - Some Balls Deluxe was released December 2018.External links
www.pencilstorm.com
 Watershed website

References

American rock musicians
1969 births
Living people
People from Worthington, Ohio
Musicians from Columbus, Ohio

masks:
Colin Gawel
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin Gaw
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin
Colin Gawel
Colin
Colin
Colin Gaw


title: Dave Koz

texts:
<mask> (born March 27, 1963) is an American smooth jazz saxophonist. Early life
<mask> was born in Encino, California to Jewish parents: Norman, a dermatologist and Audrey, a pharmacist. <mask> has a brother, Jeff, who is also a musician, and a sister, Roberta. Although he is Jewish, Koz plays both Christmas and occasional Hanukkah songs at his concerts. He attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, performing on saxophone as a member of the school jazz band. He later graduated from UCLA with a degree in mass communications in 1986, and only weeks after his graduation, decided to make a go of becoming a professional musician. Career
Within weeks of deciding to be a professional musician, he was recruited as a member of Bobby Caldwell's tour.<mask> was originally a rock saxophonist before he moved to smooth jazz in 1989. For the rest of the 1980s, <mask> served as a session musician in several rock bands, and toured with Jeff Lorber. <mask> was a member of rock musician Richard Marx's band and toured with Marx throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, which was around the time he recurred as the guest saxophonist on the syndicated late-night talk show The Arsenio Hall Show. He also played in the house band of CBS' short-lived The Pat Sajak Show, with Tom Scott as bandleader. In 1989, <mask> decided to pursue a solo career, and began recording for Capitol Records. His albums there include <mask> (his 1990 solo debut), Lucky Man, The Dance, and Saxophonic. Saxophonic was nominated for both a Grammy Award and an NAACP Image Award.<mask> released his second album, Lucky Man, in 1993. During production of the album in 1992, <mask> was approached by the producers of ABC's General Hospital to perform on the show after his track entitled "Emily", from his <mask> album, was used as part of the show's soundtrack that year. After his GH appearance, executive producer Wendy Riche commissioned <mask> to write a new theme song for the soap. <mask> took elements from the show's existing theme song, Jack Urbont's "Autumn Breeze", and merged the chorus notes into a brand new smooth jazz composition titled "Faces of the Heart". The new theme music made its debut on General Hospitals 30th anniversary show, which aired April 1, 1993, and remained as the show's title track until August 27, 2004. "Faces of the Heart" ended up as the third track on <mask>'s Lucky Man album. In 1994, <mask> began hosting a syndicated radio program, The Dave Koz Radio Show (formerly Personal Notes), featuring the latest music and interviews with who's who in the genre.<mask> co-hosted The <mask> Morning Show on 94.7 The Wave, a smooth jazz station in Los Angeles for six years. He decided to leave the show in January 2007 and was replaced by Brian McKnight. In 2002, <mask> started a record label, Rendezvous Entertainment, with Frank Cody and Hyman Katz. <mask> has promoted annual Dave Koz & Friends Jazz Cruises since 2005. <mask> is the host of a weekly half-hour television series named Frequency put on by Fast Focus. Koz interviews musicians on the show such as Earth, Wind & Fire, Jonathan Butler, and Kelly Sweet. At the end of each interview, he plays along with the musician, adding some of his saxophone riffs to one of their hit songs.<mask> was also the bandleader on The Emeril Lagasse Show. The band, <mask>z & The Kozmos, featured Jeff Golub (guitar), Philippe Saisse (keyboards), Conrad Korsch (bass guitar), and Skoota Warner (drums). <mask> hosts a weekly radio show on the Sirius-XM Radio Watercolors channel called "The Dave Koz Lounge," which airs Sundays at noon ET. <mask> plays a Yamaha silver alto sax (YAS-62S Mk. I) with a No. 7 Beechler metal mouthpiece, a Yamaha straight silver Soprano sax (YSS-62S) or a vintage Conn curved soprano sax with a No. 8 Couf mouthpiece, and a Selmer Mark VI Tenor sax with a Berg-Larsen 90/2 hard rubber mouthpiece.As for reeds, he uses a No. 3 Rico Plasticover. <mask> occasionally plays keyboards and piano, with which he also composes his songs. On September 22, 2009, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In October 2010, <mask> performed "Start All Over Again" in a Desperate Housewives season 7 episode "Let Me Entertain You", alongside singer Dana Glover. In July 2012, he appeared on The Eric André Show, season 1 episode 7, and sat in with the house band. In December 2014, he opened Spaghettini & the <mask> Koz Lounge, a restaurant and live music venue located at 184 North Canon Drive in Beverly Hills, California with business partners Cary Hardwick and Laurie Sisneros, who own Spaghettini in Seal Beach.In 2018, Koz collaborated with guitarist and regular Vulfpeck contributor, Cory Wong, on two tracks, 'The Optimist' and 'Friends at Sea'. The two collaborated again in 2021 for the album The Golden Hour, including the single 'Today'. Personal life
In an April 2004 interview with The Advocate, <mask> came out publicly as gay. He has been a resident of Sausalito, California since 1990. DiscographySolo studio albumsDave Koz (1990)
Lucky Man (1993)
Off the Beaten Path (1996)
December Makes Me Feel This Way (1997)
The Dance (1999)
A Smooth Jazz Christmas (2001)
Golden Slumbers: A Father's Lullaby (2002)
Saxophonic (2003
Golden Slumbers: A Father's Love (2005)
At the Movies (2007)
Memories of a Winter's Night (2007)
Hello Tomorrow (2010)
Ultimate Christmas (2011)
<mask>z and Friends: Summer Horns (2013)
<mask>z & Friends: The 25th of December (2014)
Collaborations: 25th Anniversary Collection (2015)
<mask>z and Friends: 20th Anniversary Christmas (2017)
<mask>z and Friends: Summer Horns II From A to Z (2018)
Gifts of the Season (2019)
A New Day (2020)
A Romantic Night In (The Love Songs Album) (2021)with Cory Wong'''The Golden Hour'' (2021)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

<mask> official website
NAMM Oral History Interview, January 22, 2005 <mask> reflects on discovering his love for the saxophone. 1963 births
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century saxophonists
American jazz alto saxophonists
American jazz baritone saxophonists
American jazz soprano saxophonists
American jazz tenor saxophonists
American rock saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American jazz keyboardists
American rock musicians
American radio personalities
Capitol Records artists
Concord Records artists
EMI Records artists
American gay musicians
Jazz musicians from California
Jewish American musicians
Jewish jazz musicians
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from California
Living people
American male jazz musicians
Musicians from Los Angeles
People from Encino, Los Angeles
Rock saxophonists
Smooth jazz saxophonists
William Howard Taft Charter High School alumni
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people
21st-century American Jews

masks:
David Stephen Koz
Dave Koz
Dave
Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Dave Koz
Koz
Koz
Dave Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Dave
Dave Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Dave Ko
Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Koz
Dave
Koz
Dave Ko
Dave Ko
Dave Ko
Dave Ko
Dave Koz
Dave Koz


title: Rocky Jones

texts:
Burnley Allan "<mask>" <mask>  (August 26, 1941 – July 29, 2013) was an African-Nova Scotian and an internationally known political activist in the areas of human rights, race and poverty. He came to prominence first as a member of the Student Union for Peace Action (SUPA) during the 1960s and then as a civil rights activist, community organizer, educator, and lawyer. Family
<mask> was born to Elmer and <mask> in Truro, Nova Scotia as one of 10 children. His grandfather, <mask>, was a hero during the Battle of Vimy Ridge in World War I. <mask> was a fifth-generation African Canadian and could trace his Canadian roots back to the Black Refugees of the early 19th century. He grew up in a close-knit working-class neighborhood with white and black families. He did not face overt racism until he was old enough to attend junior high school. After leaving school, he went into the Canadian army and then spent some time "on the road and in the streets" and held a number of jobs.In Toronto he came under the influence of local leaders in the black community, including Harry Gairey and Leonard Johnston. He was also influenced by Eugene Bonner, whom he recalled as "very political, very aware of Black issues and foreign issues. He was a real nationalist, a union man too." He met Bonner through his daughter, Joan, who also encouraged <mask>'s political development and reading interests. Joan and <mask> married in 1961. Civil Rights Movement
In March 1965, <mask> and Joan and their daughter joined a demonstration organized by the Canadian group, Friends of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), outside the American Consulate in Toronto, Ontario. The protest was in support of the Selma to Montgomery, Alabama march for voting rights.Almost at once, the media began to refer to <mask> as "Canada's Own Stokely Carmichael." He also joined the Student Union for Peace Action (SUPA), and together with Joan, moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia to engage in a community organizing effort known as the Nova Scotia Project. They formed Kwacha House,  the first inner-city self-help program for youth in the culturally diverse, lower socio-economic area of the city's North End. In 1968, <mask> was responsible for inviting Carmichael and members of the Black Panther Party to visit Halifax. This attracted police and media attention but also led shortly afterwards to the formation of a coalition of activist groups, including more conservative older organizations, as the Black United Front of Nova Scotia. <mask> also helped establish the Afro-Canadian Liberation Movement and was sometimes referred to in the media at this time as "Rocky the Revolutionary." As a student at Dalhousie University, in 1970 he helped establish the Transition Year Program (where he taught for 10 years).He organized the Black Historical and Educational Research Organization (HERO Project), a pioneering oral history project on Black culture. He also helped create the Dalhousie Law School Indigenous Blacks and Mi'kmaq Program. Prisoner rights
A strong advocate of prisoner rights, <mask> was involved in the establishment of the Black Inmates Association and the Native Brotherhood of Dorchester Penitentiary and Springhill Institution. <mask> developed programs for women in the Kingston Prison for Women, Halifax County Correctional Centre and in the community. He developed a wilderness experience program for ex-inmates and oversaw two production companies also staffed by ex-inmates. <mask> was the Executive Director of Real Opportunities for Prisoner Employment (ROPE), a self-help organization for ex-inmates. <mask> joined the New Democratic Party in Nova Scotia in 1965 and remained active as an organizer and supporter in the following decades.In 1980, he ran unsuccessfully in a  Nova Scotia by-election for Halifax Needham. At that time, he was one of the few known Black Canadian politicians. In 1995, <mask> was co-chair of the People's Summit, an alternative assembly that took place during the G7 meetings in Halifax. In 2009 he helped Lenore Zann win her successful campaign to be elected as  NDP member of the legislative assembly for the Truro area. Legal career
<mask> received his law degree from Dalhousie University in 1992 and spent several years working with Dalhousie University Legal Aid before forming his own law firm, B.A. "Rocky" Jones & Associates. While at Dalhousie, he provided legal services and taught law students.<mask>' firm concentrated on human rights cases, criminal, prisoner rights and labour law. <mask> was particularly interested in human rights issues involving Black people and people of colour. He worked closely with the Aboriginal community on land claims, justice and educational issues and was a Canadian expert on environmental racism. In 1997 he successfully argued the groundbreaking case of R. v. R.D.S. before the Supreme Court of Canada. This case set a precedent for race related litigation and contextualized judging. Guelph University bestowed an Honorary Doctorate of Laws to <mask> in 2004.<mask> died of heart failure on July 29, 2013, at the age of 71. Legacy
In August 2016, Fernwood Publishing released the autobiography Burnley “Rocky” Jones Revolutionary. Written by James W. St. G. Walker and <mask>, it includes an afterword by George Elliott Clarke. In September 2018, a petition was started by Angel, a Halifax resident, requesting Cornwallis Street in North End, Halifax be renamed to honour <mask>. The petition was signed by over 1,700 people, and presented to Halifax City Council by the area's City Councillor. The petition to name the street after <mask> was again presented to Halifax Regional Council in October 2021, with 9,330 signatures. Awards
Order of Nova Scotia
Meritorious Award of Excellence: The *Black United Front of Nova Scotia
Distinguished Service Award: The Canadian Association of Black Lawyers
H.Carl Goldenberg, Q.C.Award: Dalhousie University Law School
Hon. G.I. Smith Trust Award: Dalhousie University Law school
Founders Award: The Transition Year Program, Dalhousie University
Graduate Scholarship: Dalhousie University
Community Involvement Award: The National Black Coalition of Canada
Race Relations Committee Award: The Nova Scotia Barristers Society
Apex Community Award: Town of Truro
Honorary Doctorate of Laws: Guelph University
Wall of Honour: Nova Scotia Black Cultural Centre

See also
Black Nova Scotians

References

External links
  Five Awarded Order of Nova Scotia
 Watch the 1967 documentary film Encounter at Kwacha House - Halifax, National Film Board of Canada

1941 births
2013 deaths
Black Canadian politicians
Black Nova Scotians
Candidates in Nova Scotia provincial elections
Schulich School of Law alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
Members of the Order of Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia New Democratic Party politicians
People from Truro, Nova Scotia
Black Canadian activists
Canadian civil rights lawyers
Lawyers in Nova Scotia
Black Canadian lawyers

masks:
Rocky
Jones
Rocky Jones
Willena Jones
Jeremiah Jones
Jones
Jones
Rocky
Rocky
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Politics Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Death Jones
Rocky Jones
Rocky Jones
Jones


title: Deedee Corradini

texts:
Margaret "<mask><mask> (April 11, 1944 – March 1, 2015) was an American businesswoman and politician who served as the 32nd mayor of Salt Lake City, Utah from 1992 to 2000. Corradini was the first woman to serve as mayor of Salt Lake City. Corradini, at the time of her death Senior Vice President for Prudential Utah Real Estate, was also the President of Women's Ski Jumping-USA. She was on the WSJ-USA board, and served as president for three years, taking a lead role in the battle to get women's ski jumping into the Olympic Winter Games. Life and career
Corradini was born Margaret Louise McMullen (although Deedee was a childhood nickname) in Providence, Rhode Island, the daughter of Marie-Louise (Strehlau) and the Rev. Horace "Mac" Martin McMullen. Corradini attended school in Lebanon and Syria for 11 years as a child.She attended Drew University from 1961 to 1963. She received a Bachelor of Arts in 1965 and a Master's degree in 1967, both in Psychology from the University of Utah. She served as Press Secretary to Congressman Wayne Owens of Utah and then Rep. Richard Ottinger of New York in the early 1970s. Although Utah leans strongly toward the Republican party, Corradini was a Democrat. This is not unusual for Salt Lake City, which tends to vote Democratic far more than other regions of Utah. Corradini was fluent in French and Arabic. <mask>'s efforts gave Utah the initial shove that landed the state the 2002 Winter Olympics.<mask> was the first woman to receive the Olympic flag, in front of a television audience of hundreds of millions of viewers, when it was passed to Salt Lake City at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan at the closing ceremonies. Under Corradini's watch, the city's population experienced a tremendous growth spurt, as the metropolitan area of Salt Lake City and the rest of the state began to grow by thousands of families a month. But she also endured scrutiny for soliciting some $231,000 in cash gifts and loans to pay off $805,000 for her part in the failure of Bonneville Pacific, a publicly traded alternative energy corporation that went bankrupt on inflated financials in 1991. Though she never faced criminal charges, investigations dogged <mask>'s administration, which never recovered from the Winter Olympics bribery scandal. In January 1999, she announced she would not seek reelection the following year amid calls for her resignation by the Salt Lake City Council. The ACLU and the First Unitarian Church of Salt Lake City, among others (including her successor Rocky Anderson), were upset with a deal she negotiated on behalf of the city to sell a block of Main Street  — then city property — adjacent to Temple Square to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). However, the conversion of this block into a church plaza was one of the 14 major projects put forth by the city in its 1962 Second Century Plan.The 1962 plan stated: "It is proposed that Main Street between the two church blocks either be closed to vehicular traffic or an underpass installed. This would strongly unify these two blocks as a visual anchor on the north end." Some accused the Mayor of pushing the sale in exchange for the LDS Church's support of the Olympic Games, as the leadership of the church was initially divided over whether the city should host the games. During her tenure, Corradini pushed hard (and ultimately successfully) for the relocation of the Union Pacific railroad tracks that divided downtown, pushed through the TRAX light-rail system, and won massive federal funding for reconstruction of the freeway system in advance of the Olympic Games (one of the largest single public works transit projects in recent American history). She also was the guiding force for the construction of the popular baseball stadium for the (then) AAA Salt Lake Buzz, at the time, the farm team for the Minnesota Twins), the redevelopment of a 50-year-old rail yard into the 30-acre (121,000 m2), $375 million The Gateway mixed-use development, resulting in two million square feet (186,000 m2) of shops, restaurants, office space, and housing, a 12-screen movie theatre, the Clark Planetarium, and Discovery Gateway, a children's museum. Corradini served as the President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1998. She was also President of the International Women's Forum, Chair of the Utah Symphony Board of Directors, of which she was a Lifetime Board Member.Corradini died from lung cancer on March 1, 2015 at the age of 70. Olympics
Corradini's efforts gave Utah the initial shove that landed the state the 2002 Winter Olympics. Corradini crisscrossed the globe meeting with International Olympic Committee members for Salt Lake City's 2002 bid. She lobbied the Utah Legislature for a voter-approved sales-tax hike to build winter-sports facilities to help lure the Winter Games. Corradini was the first woman to receive the Olympic flag, in front of a television audience of hundreds of millions of viewers, when it was passed to Salt Lake City at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan at the closing ceremonies. Corradini was instrumental in adding women's bobsleigh and skeleton events to the 2002 Olympics in Utah. Women's ski jumping
Corradini campaigned for the Salt Lake City Olympics as mayor and then led the effort to bring women's ski jumping to the Winter Games.When the International Olympic Committee (IOC) told her and women ski jumpers in 2008 regarding participation in the 2010 Vancouver Games that women would not be allowed to jump, Corradini and other women ski jump advocates then filed suit in Canada, suggesting that exclusion of the event violated the human rights of the athletes. The lawsuit was rejected before the 2010 Games. In 2011, based on improvements in performance and participation, the IOC gave its approval to add women's ski jumping, beginning with the Sochi Olympics. In 2011, the IOC added women's ski jumping to the Olympic program. For nearly a decade, <mask> had led the fight, which included an appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada when athletes fought for the right to compete in the 2010 Vancouver Games.The IOC twice ruled against adding the sport to the Vancouver Games, saying participation worldwide wasn't widespread enough. After women's ski jumping was added to the Olympic program, Corradini said: "We have only one event, and that's the normal hill jump. The men have normal hill, large hill, the team event and Nordic combined.We're already thinking 2018 to become really equal with the men, so we still have our work cut out for us." SLC Transit
During her tenure, Corradini pushed hard (and ultimately successfully) for the relocation of the Union Pacific railroad tracks that divided downtown, pushed through the TRAX light-rail system, and won massive federal funding for reconstruction of the freeway system in advance of the Olympic Games (one of the largest single public works transit projects in recent American history). Corradini became an early advocate for light rail, which debuted on Main Street in the final year of her mayoral run. She helped lay the groundwork for a transportation hub that connects TRAX, FrontRunner commuter trains and buses in what used to be the city's red-light district. In championing the initial TRAX spur, Corradini ran into stiff resistance from business owners, who balked at having Main Street torn up for months of construction to accommodate the rails. Infrastructure
Corradini pushed to renovate the blighted west side of the city's business district with an ambitious 50-block project that involved moving roads, bridges and freeway corridors. That paved the way for The Gateway shopping and residential center — a $375 million mixed-use development boasting 2 million square feet of shops, restaurants, offices and housing, as well as a 12-screen movie theater, a planetarium and a children's museum.Corradini also led the effort to renovate Salt Lake City International Airport and added a third runway. Community involvement and awards

 President of the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1998
 President of Women's Ski Jumping USA for more than 10 years
 President of the International Women's Forum
 Chair of the Utah Symphony Board of Directors, of which she was a Lifetime Board Member
 Served on the board of Utah Power and Light
 One of the first female members of the Alta Club
 Senior Distinguished Fellow in Urban Studies at The Richard W. Riley Institute of Government, Politics and Public Leadership at Furman University
 Senior Vice President of Prudential Utah Real Estate
 In 2012, Corradini was recognized by Women's eNews as part of the "21 Leaders for the 21st Century." Presented with a World Championships bib, signed by 30 of the top women jumpers in the world in 2015

References

2015 deaths
Drew University alumni
Mayors of Salt Lake City
University of Utah alumni
Utah Democrats
Women in Utah politics
Women mayors of places in Utah
1944 births
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Utah
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians
Presidents of the United States Conference of Mayors
21st-century American women

masks:
Deedee
" McMullen Corradini
Corradini
Corradini
Corradini
Corradini


title: Adrián Barilari

texts:
<mask> (born November 11, 1959) is an Argentine singer best known as the vocalist of the heavy metal and hard rock band Rata Blanca. He also has his own solo band. Biography
Barilari was involved with music from an early age as his uncle was executor of bandoneon and tango singer, and  taught him to sing when he was 4 or 5 years old. Soon his mother began taking him to television show to sing in front of cameras, at only 7 or 8 years old. At 13 he began composing his first songs and his mother inspired him to study the accordion, but he ended up learning to play the guitar. His first bands were named Topos Urbanos, Cobalto, Vietnam, and Dias de Gloria. Career

Rata Blanca (1989 - 1993)
It was then that the singer Saúl Blanch left Rata Blanca, and the group began searching for new singer.Although Barilari intended to continue in Dias de Gloria, his own colleagues urged him to bring it into the band. After his admission to the impressive success achieved Magos, espadas y rosas (Wizards, Swords and Roses), and was even present at the stadium of Velez Sarsfield as a major group. However, success began to wane after Guerrero del Arcoiris (Rainbow Warrior), as well as relations among the members. Still out on tour and in 1992 edited En Vivo en Buenos Aires (with Bach Soloists Chamber Orchestra), it would not be released until 1996. Finally, with the release of mini album El Libro Oculto (Book of the Occult), and to the wishes of Walter Giardino to bring the band to a heavier style, Adrian left the band to not agree with the new direction set by the guitarist. Alianza (1994 - 2000)
With the keyboardist Hugo Bistolfi, who also left Rata Blanca, form Alianza, with many musicians sessions, which were the only members permanently was Barilari and Bistolfi. The duo explore ballads sound with more keyboard presence than Rata Blanca.Alianza did not have much impact in Argentina, but in other Latin American countries. They edited three albums Sueños del Mundo (1994), Alianza (1997), and Huellas (1999). Rata Blanca (2000 - Present)
On September 2, 2000 announced in Bolivia to build again soon called Rata Blanca and her partner in Alianza for holding back the band on keyboards. Left for a Latin American tour and closed on 19 December at the Teatro Coliseo. Days later, Alianza presented in Acatraz. Rata Blanca already back to life, edited Grandes Canciones, a compilation with some of the most classical of the group, including an acoustic version of "Mujer Amante" with the current formation. Subsequently, released El Camino del Fuego who was the sequel to Temple, but with the new formation of Rata Blanca.Also released two singles from the latter, the first was titled Highway on fire with the songs "Master of the Highway", "Back Home", "Fire dance (a instrumental of Temple). In 2003 edited "Poder Vivo". In 2005 he edited La llave de la puerta secreta a disc inspired by the book The Da Vinci Code and in 2008 released his latest album El Reino Olvidado always remained in force in the scene in Argentina. El Reino Olvidado  was also edited in English as The Forgotten Kingdom but Barilari refuse to record this version, finally Doogie White (Ritchie Blackmore's Rainbow, Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force) record the album. Barilari (2001 - Present)
Besides his work in Rata Blanca, <mask> Barilari begin a solo career as a side project, he recorded an EP with four tracks ahead of the main cd "Barilari". " Barilari, and released as an album, with the participation of distinguished musicians from Stratovarius, Jens Johansson on keyboards, who also contributed string arrangements, guitars Emppu Vuorinen, Jukka Nevalainen on drums and Sami Vänskä on bass (all except the last, Members of Nightwish, Vänskä and is not). In guitars, in addition, the Argentine Daniel Telis and Gonzalo Ledesma.The album was recorded in Finland, Sweden, Germany and Argentina and has a string section recorded in Germany. The compositions are borne by Adrian Gonzalo Ledesma and Daniel Telis, Jens Johansson and Emppu Vuorinen. It highlights the cover of the classic Rainbow, "Stargazer", in a brilliant adaptation to Castilian. The album was mixed by Mikko Karmila and mastered by Mika Jussila in the legendary Finnvox Studios in Finland where today produces much of the heavy rock worldwide. Then released a live DVD, and recently edited covers CD called Canciones Doradas. In 2009 Adrian brings to light the third disc Abuso de Poder, this is a very powerful and dark album, this album was released via internet by page dontpaymusic.com in early June, the first cut is the song that gives title track. Influence and Technique

One could mention as his main influences include Ronnie James Dio, Ian Gillan although some style Barilari treated with singers more cutting power and lyrical as Michael Kiske, Tobias Sammet and Bruce Dickinson.Likewise, in his 20-year career he has also been the inspiration for many artists who today belong to outstanding Hispanic bands. Until the time of admission to Rata Blanca in the late '80s, had not appeared on the scene arguably Argentina and throughout Latin America also a vocalist of heavy metal and hard rock with the technical quality and influence classic hit which he learned in those years, so it may be cited as the spearhead of the genre. Holder of a record and a unique flow and an ability to reach very high tones with complete ease and pitch and also able to interpret from an epic theme to a ballad or rocker has kept intact his voice to today as also his popularity.

masks:
Adrián Eduardo Barilari
Adrián


title: Carl Gustav Fleischer

texts:
<mask> KCB (28 December 1883 – 19 December 1942) was a Norwegian general and the first land commander to win a major victory against the Germans in the Second World War. Having followed the Norwegian government into exile at the end of the Norwegian Campaign, Fleischer committed suicide after being bypassed for appointment as commander-in-chief of the Norwegian Armed Forces in exile and being sent to the insignificant post as commander of Norwegian forces in Canada. Early and personal life
Fleischer was born in Bjørnør Rectory (now Roan) in Sør-Trøndelag as the son of the Church of Norway pastor <mask> (1843–1885) and Johanne Sophie Fergstad (1850–1926). After his father died, Fleischer moved with his mother to grow up in Trondheim. His childhood home was one characterized by Christianity, simplicity and frugality. His ancestors had migrated from Elbing in East Prussia to Norway, first with <mask> (1630–1690) who found a position in Kongsberg. The current lineage is descended from Tobias' nephew <mask> (1656–1712), who also had notable children in Denmark.<mask> <mask> was a descendant of Herman's son Philip Johan <mask> (1699–1763). Notable relatives include Philip's brother Baltzer Fleischer and grandnephew Palle Rømer <mask>, and <mask>'s brother, bishop <mask>. <mask> <mask> was also a more distant relative of <mask> <mask>, Nanna <mask>, <mask> and <mask>. <mask> <mask> married Antonie "Toni" Charlotte Hygen (1888–1947) in 1919 in Kristiania. In his spare time Fleischer enjoyed watercolor painting and trout fishing. Military career

Pre-Second World War
Motivated by economic uncertainties, Fleischer joined the Norwegian Military Academy and graduated as the second best student in 1905. The academy instilled in young Fleischer a strong belief in that the first task of a military officer was to defend his country and that regulations were to be considered standing orders in critical situations.In 1917 Fleischer made the rank of captain. In 1919-1923 he was the staff officer of the Norwegian 6th Division before becoming Commanding Officer of the 14th Infantry Regiment (IR 14) in Mosjøen. While serving in North Norway Fleischer became an avid writer of military manuals and worked continually on developing the Norwegian Armed Forces in line with the special prerequisites caused by the Norwegian nature and society. From 1909 to 1933 he held various positions in the Norwegian General Staff. In addition he served as a captain and commanded Company 4 of the Norwegian Royal Guards in 1926–1929, chief of the Commanding General's staff of adjutants in 1933-1934 and as a teacher at the Norwegian Defence Staff College in 1928–1934. He also edited the military journal Norsk Militært Tidsskrift. During his time at the General Staff Fleischer warned of the possibility of a surprise attack on central areas of Norway.He also stated that the best way of confronting such an attack was a combination of defending coastal outposts while the main forces mobilised in rear areas in the interior of the country. In 1930 he was promoted to the rank of major, and in 1934 became a colonel, assuming command of the Sør-Hålogaland Regiment (Infantry Regiment 14). Second World War

Background and strategy

On 16 January 1939 Fleischer was made Major General (generalmajor) and Commanding Officer of the Norwegian 6th Division, the position that would lead him to become the first allied general to defeat the Wehrmacht in a head-on land confrontation. January 1940 saw Fleischer appointed by royal resolution as commander-in-chief of North Norway in case of war. After the Winter War between Finland and Russia broke out in November 1939 the 6th Division was mobilised and Fleischer repeatedly took the initiative to encourage the Norwegian government to increase the country's military readiness in North Norway. Included amongst these initiatives were wide-ranging measures against the region's communists. Fleischer's distrust of the Soviet Union continued to show itself throughout the following Norwegian Campaign in 1940, when he kept substantial forces at the Soviet border in eastern Finnmark despite a desperate need of reinforcements at the front line at Narvik against Maj. Gen. Eduard Dietl's Gebirgsjäger forces.In 1940, following the German invasion of Norway General <mask> was appointed commander-in-chief of the Norwegian armed forces in North Norway. At the time of the attack on 9 April 1940 Fleischer was at Vadsø in Finnmark as part of an inspection journey together with his chief-of-staff, Major Odd Lindbäck-Larsen. When message of the invasion reached him the area was in the middle of a ferocious blizzard. Due to the extreme weather Fleischer could not leave Vadsø either by Hurtigruten ship or naval aircraft, and had to stay overnight. County Governor of Finnmark Hans Gabrielsen invited Fleischer to stay at the governor's mansion. After discussing the situation with Gabrielsen, Fleischer managed to set off for Tromsø the next day, arriving there by M.F.11 naval aircraft after flying in terrible conditions. From Tromsø he issued orders for a total civilian and military mobilization and declared Northern Norway a theatre of war.He handed over most of the civilian powers to the respective County Governors in Troms and Finnmark, Hans Gabrielsen taking all civilian power in Northern Norway after the death of the County Governor of Troms a few days after the invasion. Fleischer's strategic plan was to first wipe out the German forces at Narvik and then transfer his division to Nordland to meet a German advance from Trøndelag. Fleischer valued offensive actions against enemy forces, using the unique nature of the Norwegian terrain to carry out attacks against an enemy's flanks and rear. General Fleischer had already in 1934 opposed the concept of fighting delaying actions while waiting for Allied reinforcements, a tactic on which General Otto Ruge relied during his defence of the vital Eastern Norway region. Operations in 1940

As commander of the 6th Division, Maj. Gen. <mask> <mask> coordinated Norwegian, French, Polish and British forces in the recapturing of Narvik on 28 May from Maj. Gen. Eduard Dietl's Austro-German 3rd Mountain Division. The victory was accomplished despite shifting allied strategies and leadership. Following the evacuation of southern Norway Fleischer was embroiled in conflicts with the political and military leadership arriving from the abandoned southern parts of the country.The General's hard-headed and uncompromising style did not help in this regard. Narvik was the first major allied infantry victory in the Second World War. Unfortunately for the Norwegians, following the German invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940, the Allied task force was withdrawn in early June. Without the support from the Allies, the Norwegian Army alone would not be able to defend its positions and a capitulation agreement for mainland Norway was signed. The Germans reoccupied Narvik on 9 June. As the Norwegian forces in mainland Norway were about to surrender, General <mask> was ordered to follow King Haakon VII and the Cabinet Nygaardsvold into exile in the United Kingdom, having been made commander of the Norwegian army in exile on 7 June 1940. In the company of his wife he left Norway on 8 June, on board the patrol vessel .Exile

During his exile in the United Kingdom, General Fleischer quickly built up a Norwegian infantry brigade based in Dumfries, Scotland from June 1940. However, he soon got at odds with the Norwegian political leadership in exile due to his strong headed attitudes and unwillingness to compromise. He also became controversial in factions of the cabinet due to his support of British commando raids on the Norwegian coast, even stating his willingness to personally participate in the attacks on the German occupying forces in Norway. While stationed in the UK, he received a number of allied awards. Among these were the Polish Virtuti Militari for bravery, the French Croix de guerre, and appointment by the British as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. Most likely because of a personal antagonism due to this fact, General <mask> was bypassed when the exile government of prime minister Johan Nygaardsvold in 1942 decided to recreate the post of commander-in-chief of the Norwegian Armed Forces. This post had existed temporarily during the 1940 campaign, but General Otto Ruge, who had been commander-in-chief during the campaign, stayed in Norway and surrendered with his troops.Instead of Fleischer, who was the obvious choice, the cabinet promoted Major Wilhelm von Tangen Hansteen, the young defence attaché in Helsinki, Finland directly to general and gave him the post. In response to this act <mask> delivered his resignation. The cabinet ordered General <mask> to take up a new post as commander of Norwegian forces in Canada. Apart from the Royal Norwegian Air Force's training base Little Norway near Toronto, which was already headed by Ole Reistad, and a school for merchant marine gunners at Lunenburg near Halifax, Nova Scotia, there were no Norwegian forces in Canada. A plan to create a Norwegian Army in Canada of expatriate Norwegian Americans came to nothing. Before leaving for Canada Fleischer inspected the Norwegian garrison on the distant Norwegian island Jan Mayen in the Atlantic Ocean. The General concluded that the garrison was too small to defend anything more than the midsection of the island, leaving several landing beaches open to the Germans during the relatively calm summer months.Based on his observations Fleischer reported that the garrison should be reinforced during the summer, a small garrison being sufficient during winter. He also inspected the Norwegian forces based on Iceland. Suicide and aftermath

On 1 December 1942, General <mask> was ordered to the position of Military Attaché to Washington D.C. This was another obvious humiliation, since usually officers of the ranks of Major or Lieutenant-Colonel served in this role. Being too much for him to swallow, he shot himself with his own gun through the heart on 19 December 1942. He was found by his adjutant Lieutenant Richard Brinck-Johnsen who brought the urn with the General's ashes to London in a Liberator aircraft. In London Brinck-Johnsen was ordered to keep the circumstances of Fleischer's death secret.Only in 1995 did Brinck-Johnsen speak out, stating that in his opinion Fleischer had taken his own life in sorrow of being set aside and not being needed by anyone. Still disputed today, it is thought that one of the reasons for sending him to Canada was that he favoured a series of coastal raids against Norway to hamper German use of the occupied nation. Fleischer also wanted to build substantial army forces abroad and employ them in active operations against the German occupying forces in Norway, something that was in direct conflict with the more passive strategy favoured by Cabinet Nygaardsvold. The prevailing view in the rest of the Cabinet was to build air and naval forces that could be used directly with Allied forces, as they feared such raids would provoke the Germans into severe punitive actions against the local populace, such as they did after the Telavåg incident. When General Fleischer's ashes were brought back to Norway after the war, the Labour cabinet denied him a state funeral. Despite the presence of the King, the Crown Prince, and representatives of all other parts of Norwegian society, no representatives of the cabinet or the Labour Party attended. When a monument to his honour was raised in Harstad at the headquarters of the 6th Division, which was also attended by the King, the same lack of respect was shown by the cabinet and the Labour Party.Harstad (Gen. Fleischers gate), Bodø (General Fleischers gate), Bardufoss (General Fleischers veg) and Eiksmarka (General Fleischers vei) all have streets named after the general. References

Bibliography

1883 births
1942 deaths
People from Nord-Trøndelag
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
Academic journal editors
Norwegian editors
Norwegian military attachés
Norwegian Army World War II generals
Norwegian military personnel who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm in Ontario
Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the War Cross with Sword (Norway)
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
1942 suicides

masks:
Carl Gustav Fleischer
Carl Edvard Fleischer
Tobias Fleischer
Herman Reinhold Fleischer
Carl Gustav
Fleischer
Fleischer
Fleischer
Carl Gustav
Andreas Fleischer
Carl Gustav
Fleischer
Carl August
Fleischer
Fleischer
Agnes Fleischer
August Fleischer
Carl Gustav
Fleischer
Fleischer
Carl Gustav
Fleischer
Fleischer
Fleischer
Fleischer
Fleischer
Fleischer


title: Peter Plagens

texts:
<mask> (born 1941) is an American artist, art critic, and novelist based in New York City. He is most widely known for his longstanding contributions to Artforum and Newsweek (senior writer and art critic, 1989–2003), and for what critics have called a remarkably consistent, five-decade-long body of abstract formalist painting. <mask> has written three books on art, Bruce Nauman: The True Artist (2014), Moonlight Blues: An Artist's Art Criticism (1986) and Sunshine Muse: Modern Art on the West Coast, 1945-70 (1974), and two novels, The Art Critic (2008) and Time for Robo (1999). He has been awarded major fellowships for both his painting (John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts) and his writing (Andy Warhol Foundation, National Endowment for the Arts). <mask>'s work has been featured in surveys at the Museum of Modern Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Whitney Museum, and PS1, and in solo exhibitions at the Hirshhorn Museum and Las Vegas Art Museum. In 2004, the USC Fisher Gallery organized and held a 30-year traveling retrospective of his work. Critics have contrasted the purely visual dialogue his art creates—often generating more questions than answers—with the directness of his writing;<ref name="Zona04">Zona, Louis A."Afterword," <mask>: An Introspective, Los Angeles: Fisher Gallery, University of Southern California, 2004, p.27.</ref> they also contend that the visibility of his bylines as a critic has sometimes overshadowed his artmaking—unduly.Saltz, Jerry. Review, <mask>, New York Magazine, March 4, 2018. Retrieved January 18, 2018. Los Angeles Times critic David Pagel described Plagens's painting as a "fusion of high-flying refinement and everyday awkwardness" with an intellectual savvy, disdain for snobbery and ungainliness he likened to Willem de Kooning's work. Reviewing Plagens's 2018 exhibition, New York Times critic Roberta Smith called the show an "eye-teasing sandwich of contrasting formalist strategies," the hard-won result of a decade of focused experimentation. Life and career
<mask> was born in Dayton, Ohio in 1941 and grew up in Los Angeles. He attended the University of Southern California, where he majored in painting (BFA, 1962) and drew cartoons for the Daily Trojan.He left USC an abstract painter, influenced by Hans Hofmann, Willem de Kooning, Richard Diebenkorn and Elmer Bischoff, which set him at odds with the somewhat conservative painting faculty at Syracuse University (MFA, 1964) where he did his graduate studies. He moved back to California in 1965 and took an Assistant Curator position at the Long Beach Museum of Art; soon after, he approached Artforum editor Phil Leider for work as a reviewer—at five dollars per review—in order to keep up with the Los Angeles art scene. In 1966, Plagens accepted a teaching position at the University of Texas, remaining until 1969, when he accepted a position at California State University, Northridge. He taught there until 1978, and at the University of California, Berkeley (1972), the University of Southern California (1978–80), and the University of North Carolina (1980–4), where he also chaired the art department. During his time at Cal State, <mask> shared a 3,000-square-foot studio with painter Walter Gabrielson on the same block in Pasadena as artist Bruce Nauman's; in 1975, he appeared in Nauman's short film Pursuit.Knight, Christopher. "What Is an Artist? <mask>'s 'Bruce Nauman' Illuminates,'" Los Angeles Times, June 7, 2014.Retrieved January 21, 2018. <mask> began exhibiting professionally in 1967, and was featured in the 1971 LACMA show, "24 Young Los Angeles Artists" and the 1972 Whitney Biennial. He has shown at Nancy Hoffman Gallery in New York since 1975, and showed regularly at the Jan Baum Gallery in Los Angeles (1977–1992) and Jan Cicero Gallery in Chicago (1986–98).Muchnic, Suzanne. Review <mask> exhibition at Jan Baum Gallery, The Los Angeles Times, November 18, 1977.Bucholz, Barbara. "The Art of <mask>," Chicago Tribune, May 1, 1998. Retrieved January 18, 2018. His 2004 retrospective at USC traveled to Columbia College Chicago and the Butler Institute of American Art in Akron.Wachunas, Tom.Review, Dialogue, September–October 1996. <mask> married the painter, Laurie Fendrich, in 1981. They moved to New York City in 1985 where they continue to reside, while also maintaining a studio outside the city. Artwork and reception
Critic Dave Hickey, among others, has characterized Plagens as "an irrevocably abstract formalist painter," who, regardless of fashion, has rooted his work in modernist and Abstract Expressionism syntax, formal rigor, and a willful embrace of dissonance and contradictions—such as hard-edged geometry and messy, gestural abstraction, "happy accident and copious correction," and beauty and intentional clunkiness. David Pagel wrote that Plagens's 2004 retrospective traced "a remarkably consistent arc" of stubbornly held abstract work of "sophisticated inelegance." Plagens works improvisationally, sometimes pushing his paintings to the edge of failure, by his own admission and according to critics. He maintains there is no symbolism in his work; he often appends enigmatic titles to his work upon completion, however, that indicate his ruminations while in the studio.Throughout his career, he has produced works on paper that generally correspond in style to his paintings, incorporating collaged photographs, fragments of commercial packaging, and colored and textured paper. Art, 1970–1999
Plagens's early work featured single, emphatic shapes—circles with wedges removed, diamonds, trapezoids, and thin letter "C"-like rings—which he placed on vivid red-orange or creamy white color fields that sometimes disintegrated at the canvas edges into irregular, soft bands of subtle color. Increasingly minimal works, such as Cleveland Defaults on Its Debts (1979) or Cubist Landscape (1980), have been recognized for carefully calibrated compositions that challenged conventional rules about balance and probed the line between elegance and awkwardness, and friction and harmony. In pivotal paintings of the mid-1980s, such as Wheels of Wonder (1985) and Wedge of Life (1987), Plagens incorporated angular, eccentric polygons, greater surface variation and a new sense of movement that reviewers such as Grace Glueck deemed "witty balancing acts." During this time, he also created the drawing series "My Father Worked in Advertising" (1986), which featured dappled, abstract expressionist-like areas around the edges over which he painted and collaged fields of color and hard-edged and irregular shapes. Critics noted a building complexity and immediacy in Plagens's output from 1989 to 2000, the result of a more expansive mix of materials, markmaking and palettes.Kimmelman, Michael. "<mask>," The New York Times, January 3, 1997.Retrieved January 18, 2018. In paintings such as Benton Way and Sunset, LA, 6/28/55, 1:40 pm (1989) and Learning of the Tragic News (1996), he introduced expressive drips and gestural, free-form marks and shapes, that Michael Kimmelman wrote had "a looping calligraphic eloquence" recalling Arshile Gorky and Richard Diebenkorn.Dickensheets, Scott. "<mask>," ARTnews, March 2001. Of particular note were the small, brightly colored, discordant geometric forms that Plagens set against primarily off-white and slate-gray backdrops, which critics suggested "snapped" his rhythmic compositions into place. Art, 2000–

Between 2000–2003, Plagens sought to create a greater degree of tension In a series of untitled works on paper by subdividing them into two fields: one containing fluid, expressive shapes and linear forms on gray or khaki-colored grounds, atop another, featuring configurations of jarring, hard-edged rectangles set on black or off-white fields. In later paintings, he dispensed with the subdivision, creating more centralized compositions that featured flat, irregular, near-fluorescent color shapes directly painted on neutral grounds of contrasting gestural shapes and marks. In the 2010s, Plagens garnered some of the best reviews of his career for shows that critics described, variously, as "jaunty, accomplished disquisitions" or heated, "intimate discourses" exploring the co-existence of incompatible styles, formal concepts and paint application in single works.These paintings (e.g., The Ides of October or A Literary Sensibility, both 2017) and works on paper employed three main visual elements: a gestural, improvisational field of squiggles, loops and loose grids partially blotted out by a large, irregularly edged expanse of opaque orange, pink, lavender-gray or aqua, upon which Plagens set hard-edged, irregular polygons built from six or seven shards of bright color that he dubbed "color badges." Critics suggested that these badges mediated an ongoing flux between coherent wholes and fluid parts, order and disorder, freedom and restraint, establishing an uneasy, but engaging, "strange harmony." Plagens's recent works on paper, such as The Sinister Man 2 (2018), have largely relied on centralized compositions, anchored by collaged photographs or found paper with text or graphic images that are contained by colored-paper or painted rectangular fields. Smaller in scale and less off-kilter in composition, these works have been seen as expressing a greater intimacy and poignancy than Plagens's paintings. Writing
<mask> has been a prominent art critic for more than five decades, producing numerous reviews, essays and articles about artists and the art world. He also authored the monograph, Bruce Nauman: The True Artist (2014), and two books of art criticism, Moonlight Blues: An Artist's Art Criticism (1986), and Sunshine Muse: Modern Art on the West Coast, 1945-70 (1974, re-issued 2000),Livingston, Jane. Review of "Sunshine Muse: Contemporary Art on the West Coast", "Art in America", March, 1975.Other critics characterize Plagens's writing as "stylish, clear-eyed," literate, direct and candid. In a 1974 New York Times review of Sunshine Muse, Hilton Kramer described Plagens as "the only amusing writer ever to appear in the pages of Artforum." Los Angeles Times critic Christopher Knight wrote that <mask>'s Bruce Nauman monograph probed the question of what an artist is "with wit, insight and a prodigious amount of research, plus a good deal of personal experience"; other reviewers welcomed the book's first-person, near-confessional engagement with an artist frequently approached through academic jargon.Vine, Richard. "True Nauman: <mask>lagens on His New Volume on the Artist," Interviews, Art in America, April 21, 2014. Retrieved January 21, 2018. Sunshine Muse, deemed "vivacious and valuable" in The New York Times, has often been quoted by critics exploring West Coast art and artists since its publication in 1974.Raynor, Vivien. "West Coast Innovators in Ridgefield Show," The New York Times, March 24, 1991.Retrieved January 18, 2018. <mask> began writing for Artforum in 1966 and became a contributing editor in 1971 and an associate editor, West Coast in 1974. He was a senior writer and art critic for Newsweek from 1989 to 2003 and a contributing editor until 2010. Since 2011, he has written reviews and articles for The Wall Street Journal and blogged for the blogsite of the National Arts Journalism Program, ARTicles, since 2010.Sonoma State University. Black White Color Life: Recent Works on Paper by Laurie Fendrich and <mask>, Rohnert Park, CA: Sonoma State University, 2017. He has been published in The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, Art in America, ARTnews, Art+Auction, The Nation, L.A. Weekly, and Bookforum, among many publications.<mask>, <mask>. "Nick Miller: Drawing Life from Landscape," Nick Miller: Truckscapes—Landscapes from a Mobile Studio, Dublin: Rubicon Gallery, 2007.Plagens has written catalogue essays for the artists Jim DeFrance, Tony DeLap, Don Gummer, Ron Linden, Nick Miller and Edward Ruscha, and for the exhibitions "Clay's Tectonic Shift: John Mason, Ken Price, and <mask>, 1956–1968" and "Pasadena to Santa Barbara" (both 2012). Plagens has also written two novels: The Art Critic (2008) and Time for Robo (1999). Time for Robo incorporates themes of time travel, perception, the nature of reality, and the end of time, among others. Reviewers compared its themes and "Chinese box," stories-within-stories style to the novels of Thomas Pynchon, Kurt Vonnegut, Jim Dodge, and Robert Coover. The Art Critic (2008) is a roman à clef'' satirizing the contemporary New York art world from the perspectives of a well-known art critic, a contemporary sculptor and an art publishing assistant. Awards and collections
Plagens has received recognition from major art institutions for both his art and writing. He has received painting fellowships from the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (1972), National Endowment for the Arts (1985, 1977), and the Brown Foundation at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (2009, 2017).His writing has been awarded fellowships from the Andy Warhol Foundation (Creative Capital Arts Writers Grant, 2008) and National Endowment for the Arts (art criticism, 1973), and he was one of four senior fellows in the National Arts Journalism Program at Columbia University in 1998. Plagens's art has been acquired by numerous public and corporate collections, including the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Denver Art Museum, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, Baltimore Museum of Art, Albright-Knox Gallery, Museum of New Mexico, and Ackland Art Museum, among others. References

External links
 <mask>lagens website
 <mask> papers, 1938-2014. Online Archive of California
 Interview with Vasari21
 <mask>, Nancy Hoffman Gallery

1941 births
Living people
Writers from Dayton, Ohio
American art critics
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century male artists
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
Journalists from Ohio
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Ohio
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Plagens
Peter Plagens
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Plagens
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Peter Plagens
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Peter Plagens
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Plagens
Peter P
Plagens
Peter Plagens
Plagens
Peter
Peter Voulkos
Peter P
Peter Plagens
Peter Plagens


title: Thomas Griffiths Wainewright

texts:
<mask> (October 179417 August 1847) was an English artist, author and suspected serial killer. He gained a reputation as a profligate and a dandy, and in 1837, was transported to the penal colony of Van Diemen's Land (now the Australian state of Tasmania) for frauds on the Bank of England. As a convict he became a portraitist for Hobart's elite. <mask>'s life captured the imagination of renowned 19th-century literary figures such as Charles Dickens, Oscar Wilde and Edward Bulwer-Lytton, some of whom wildly exaggerated his supposed crimes, claiming among other things that he carried strychnine in a special compartment in a ring on his finger. Early life
<mask> was born into affluence in Richmond, London, England. He was orphaned when he was very young, his mother dying in childbirth and his father soon afterwards. <mask>'s mother Ann was the daughter of <mask> (1720–1803), for many years the editor of the literary magazine Monthly Review.The young <mask> was brought up in style by his elderly maternal grandparents at Linden House, Chiswick High Road, Chiswick, then on London's rural periphery. When <mask> died, <mask> came under the care of his maternal uncle, <mask>. He was probably educated by the scholar Charles Burney, the headmaster of the Greenwich Academy. <mask> subsequently served briefly as an officer in a yeomanry regiment, having bought his commission in 1814, but lasted just over a year, probably because of a severe mental illness. It was suggested by the writer Havelock Ellis that <mask> was never normal after this period of his life, when he was on the verge of or already succumbed to insanity, and this contributed to his later crimes. Literary career
In 1819, <mask> embarked on a literary career, and began to write for The Literary Pocket-Book, Blackwood's Magazine and The Foreign Quarterly Review. He was, however, most closely linked with The London Magazine, to which he contributed articles and art criticism from 1820 to 1823, under the noms-de-plume of Janus Weathercock, Egomet Bonmot and Cornelius van Vinkbooms.<mask>'s success in publication would have been assisted by his famous grandfather. He was a friend of Charles Lamb, who thought well of his writing and, in a letter to Bernard Barton, styles him "the kind, light-hearted <mask>." <mask> also practised as an artist and was trained by John Linnell and <mask>. He produced a portrait of Lord Byron and made illustrations for the poems of William Chamberlayne, and from 1821 to 1825 exhibited narratives based on literature and music at the Royal Academy, including Romance from Undine, Paris in the Chamber of Helen and the Milkmaid's Song. None of these works have survived. In the 1960s, the controversial author Donald McCormick claimed that <mask> was a friend of William Corder, the murderer of Maria Marten in the Red Barn Murder in Polstead, Suffolk in 1827. It was claimed that the two met when Corder visited London and joined some intellectual circles.McCormick was unable to produce any evidence for his claims when asked by the author of a 2018 biography of <mask>. Marriage and family life
On 13 November 1817, <mask> married Eliza Frances Ward. He had inherited £5,250 from his grandfather, invested at the Bank of England, but was unable to touch the capital, receiving only the dividends of £200 a year; the capital was in trust for his family, Eliza and their son <mask>. However, his extravagant lifestyle landed him in colossal debt. On two separate occasions, <mask> forged signatures of power of attorney and withdrew large sums from the Bank of England, first in 1822 and then in 1823. The second time left the account empty. By 1828, the <mask>s were in severe financial trouble again and forced to move in with the elderly <mask>, still living at the Wainewright estate in Chiswick.He died in agony shortly afterwards. Eliza's mother married again, becoming a Mrs Abercromby, and had two further daughters, Helen and Madalina, before being widowed again. They too moved into the estate, and Mrs Abercromby settled her will in favour of Eliza. She died shortly afterwards. The death of Helen
Owing to his extravagant habits, <mask> remained mired in debt. In 1830, he and Eliza insured the life of his sister-in-law Helen with various companies for a sum of £16,000 (some £1,650,000 in 2016). She died in December of the same year after showing signs of strychnine poisoning, though at that time there was no forensic test to prove it.When the insurance companies sued, <mask> fled to Calais to avoid investigation of his uncovered bank frauds. Unproven tales by Victorian authors claimed that he was seized by the authorities as a suspected person and imprisoned for six months. He had in his possession a quantity of strychnine, and was widely suspected to have poisoned not only his sister-in-law and his uncle, but also his mother-in-law and a Norfolk friend, although this was never proven. He returned to London in 1837, but was soon arrested on a charge of the bank forgery. <mask> was sent to Hobart, Van Dieman's Land (now Tasmania) on the convict ship Susan, arriving 21 November 1837. While in prison he was asked if he poisoned Helen, to which he allegedly replied: "Yes; it was a dreadful thing to do, but she had very thick ankles.". The quotation is now thought to have been made up by Oscar Wilde's publisher.Late life and legacy

During his ten years in the penal colony, <mask> did eventually enjoy a certain amount of freedom. After initially working on a road gang, he became a hospital orderly and was able to work as an artist, painting portraits in the homes of his subjects. He completed more than 100 portraits on paper using coloured wash, pencil and ink during his years in Hobart. They survive in public museums and private collections throughout Australia, some having remained in the families of his sitters. They depict the officialdom, professionals and members of the elite in early Hobart. A self-portrait was completed in this period. <mask> had a conditional pardon granted on 14 November 1846; he died of apoplexy in the Hobart Town hospital on 17 August the following year.He is buried in an unknown grave. The Essays and Criticisms of <mask> were published in 1880, with an account of his life, by W. Carew Hazlitt; and the history of his crimes suggested to Charles Dickens his story "Hunted Down" and to Edward Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton his novel Lucretia. <mask>'s personality, as artist and poisoner, also interested Oscar Wilde in "Pen, Pencil and Poison" (Fortnightly Review, Jan. 1889), and A. G. Allen, in T. Seccombe's Twelve Bad Men (1894). <mask> has been the subject of four biographical studies: The Fatal Cup: <mask> <mask> and the strange deaths of his relations by John Price Williams (Markosia, London 2018) which re-examines the poisonings and reaches a different conclusion as to <mask>'s guilt. Other studies include Janus Weathercock by Jonathan Curling (Thomas Nelson and Sons, London, 1938), Robert Crossland's Wainewright in Tasmania (OUP, Melbourne, 1954), and the poet Andrew Motion's creative biography, <mask> the Poisoner (2000). Arthur Conan Doyle also mentions <mask> in the Sherlock Holmes story "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client" as "no mean artist", but spells his name without the middle "e". <mask> was the subject of the seventeenth episode of the television show Thriller, "The Poisoner" (aired 10 January 1961), with Murray Matheson playing the role of the killer (given the fictional name <mask> Griffith) and featuring Sarah Marshall as his wife.See also
List of convicts transported to Australia
List of serial killers by country

References

Bibliography

Donald McCormick, The Red Barn Mystery:some new evidence on an old murder (South Brunswick, New York: A.S.Barnes and Co., 1967). Online sources

A <mask> Wainewright page

1794 births
1847 deaths
1828 crimes
People from Richmond, London
English male journalists
19th-century English painters
English male painters
Convicts transported to Australia
Poisoners
British Yeomanry officers
1820s crimes in the United Kingdom
Suspected serial killers

masks:
Thomas Griffiths Wainewright
Wainewright
Thomas Griffiths Wainewright
Wainewright
Ralph Griffiths
Wainewright
Griffiths
Wainewright
George Griffiths
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Thomas Phillips
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Griffiths
Wainewright
Wainewright
George Griffiths
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Thomas Griffiths
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Wainewright
Thomas Edward
Thomas Griffiths


title: Iris M. Zavala

texts:
<mask><mask> (27 December 1936 – 10 April 2020) was a Puerto Rican author, scholar, and poet, who later lived in Barcelona, Spain. She had over 50 works to her name, plus hundreds of articles, dissertations, and conferences and many of her writings, including "Nocturna, mas no funesta", build on and express this belief. She died from COVID-19 in Madrid during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, at the age of 83. Early years
<mask> was born on 27 December 1936 in Ponce, Puerto Rico. She graduated from the University of Puerto Rico with a B.A. in literature and from the University of Salamanca with a "Licenciatura" degree as well as a "Doctor en Filosofía y Letras" (Ph.D.). There, she was influenced by Spain's Fernando Lázaro Carreter.Career
Zavala taught in Puerto Rico, México, United States, Netherlands, Italy, Germany, and Spain. In Spain she was a UNESCO fellow at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, and a Ramon Llull fellow at the University of the Balearic Islands in Mallorca. Zavala taught in many universities in the United States, including the University of Minnesota. She was also a literary critic and essayist. In 1980, she wrote her masterpiece, "Kiliagonía", a Ponce city novel. Her second novel was "Nocturna, mas no funesta" (1987), published by Montesinos (Barcelona, Spain). It was adapted for a theatrical interpretation by Group Alcores (Madrid).Other works include "El libro de Apolonia o de las Islas" and "El sueño del amor". Books
Following is a list of the publications by Zavala:
1963
          1. Unamuno y su teatro de conciencia. Acta Saltmanticensia: University of Salamanca, 222 pp. 1965
          2. La angustia y el hombre. Ensayos de literatura española.México: Universidad Veracruzana, 224 pp. 3. Barro doliente (Poetry). Santander: La Isla de los Ratones
1970
          4. La Revolución de 1868. Historia, pensamiento, literatura, ed. with Clara E. Lida.New York: Las Americas. 5. <mask>, comuneros y carbonarios. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 363 pp. 1971
          6. Ideología y política en la novela española del siglo XIX. Madrid: Anaya, 362 pp.1972
          7. Poemas prescindibles (Poetry). New York: Anti-ediciones Villa Miseria. 8. Románticos y socialistas. Prensa española en el siglo XIX. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 205 pp.1973
          9. Libertad y crítica en el ensayo puertorriqueño, intr.,ed.Con R. Rodríguez. Puerto Rico: Puerto, 448 pp. 1974
          10. Escritura desatada (Poetry). Puerto Rico: Puerto. 11.Fin de siglo:Modernismo, 98 y bohemia. Madrid: Cuadernos para el Diálogo. 1977
          12. Alejandro Sawa, Iluminaciones en la sombra, ed. estudio, notas. Madrid: Alhambra. 2@ ed.1986
1978
          13.Clandestinidad y libertinaje erudito en los albores del siglo XVIII. Barcelona: Ariel, 459 pp. 1979
          14. Historia social de la literatura española, in coll. C.Blanco Aguinaga, J. Rodríguez Puértolas. Madrid: Castalia, 3 vols. (revised ed.1983, many reprints); reed. Madrid:Akal, 2001. 15. Intellectual Roots of Puerto Rican Independence, coll with R. Rodríguez. New York: Monthly Review Press (revised ed. and translation of 1973)
1981
          16. El texto en la historia.Madrid: Nuestra Cultura, 259 pp. 1982
          17. Romanticismo y realismo. vol. 5 Historia y crítica de la literatura española. Barcelona: Crítica, 1982, 741pp (many reprints)
          18. Kiliagonía (novel).México: Premià (trans.Chiliagony. Indiana University: Third Woman Press, 1985)
1983
          19. Que nadie muera sin amar el mar (poetry). Madrid: Visor. 20. El siglo XVIII, spec. issue, Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica XXXII:1.1984
          21. Women, Feminist Identity and Society in the 1980s, ed. Con M. Díaz-Diocaretz. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 138 pp. 1987
          22. Lecturas y lectores del discurso narrativo dieciochesco. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 118 pp.23. Noctura mas no funesta (novel). Barcelona:Montesinos. 24. Approaches to Discourse, Poetics and Psychiatry, ed. with Teun van Dijk, M. Díaz-Diocaretz. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 235 pp.1989
          25. Romanticismo y costumbrismo. Madrid: Espasa Calpe (Historia de España, t.35, vol. II), 183 pp. 26. Rubén Darío bajo el signo del cisne. Universidad de Puerto Rico, 153 pp.27. El modernismo y otros ensayos del Rubén Darío, ed. intr.Madrid: Alianza. 1990
          28. La musa funambulesca. Poética de la carnavalización en Valle-Inclán. Madrid: Orígenes, 175 pp.1991
          29. Unamuno y el pensamiento dialógico. M. de Unamuno y <mask>. Barcelona: Anthropos, 207 pp. 30. La posmodernidad y M. Bajtin. Una poética dialógica.Madrid: Espasa Calpe, 277 pp. 31. El bolero. Historia de un amor (creative fiction). Madrid: Alianza, 162 pp. ; reed. Aumentada y corregida, Madrid:Celeste, 2000.1992
          32. Colonialism and Culture:Hispanic Modernisms and the Social Imaginary, Indiana University Press, 240 pp. 33. Discursos sobre la 'invención' de América, ed. intr. Amsterdam: Rodopi. 34.El libro de Apolonia o de las islas (novel). Puerto Rico: Instituto de Cultura. 35. Discurso erótico y discurso transgresor en la cultura peninsular. Siglos XVI al XX, ed. with <mask>-Diocaretz, Madrid: Tuero, 1992. 36.Breve historia feminista de la litertura española (en lengua castellana). 1. Teoría feminista:discursos y differencia, ed with M.Díaz-Diocaretz. Barcelona:Anthropos. 1993
          37. Historia y crítica de la literatura española. 5/1 Romanticismo y Realismo, ed.Primer Suplemento. Barcelona:Crítica. 1995
          38. Historia feminista de la literatura española (en lengua castellana). II. La mujer en la literatura española, ed. Barcelona:Anthropos, 1995.1996
          39. Bajtin y sus apócrifos, ed. with T. Bubnova, S.Bocharov, N. Pedgorced, Amalia <mask>. Barcelona:Anthropos. 40. Escuchar a Bajtin. Barcelona: Montesinos.41. Historia feminista de la literatura española (en lengua castellana). III. La mujer en la literatura      española (del siglo XVIII a la actualidad).ed. Barcelona Anthropos. 1997
          42. Historia feminista de la literatura española (en lengua castellana).IV. La Literatura escrita por mujer (De la Edad Media al siglo XVIII). ed. Barcelona:Anthropos. 43. Hacia una filosofía del acto ético. De los borradores y otros escritos, ed.Con comentarios de I. M. <mask>, Augusto Ponzio. Anthropos/Universidad de Puerto Rico. 1998
          44.El sueño del amor (novela). Universidad de Puerto Rico/Montesinos,
          45. Historia feminista de la literatura española (en lengua castellana). V. La literatura escritura por mujer (siglos XIX y XX). Anthropos/Universidad de Puerto Rico.46. ¿Historia o literatura?, ed. <mask><mask>. Núm.Esp. La Torre. 2000
          47.Feminismos, cuerpos, escrituras. ed <mask>.<mask>.La Página.Canarias
          48.El bolero. Historia de un amor,ed.Madrid: Celeste. ( 2ed. ampliada). 49.Historia social de la literatura española(en lengua castellana)vol I-II.C. Blanco Aguinaga,Julio Rodríguez Puértolas,<mask><mask>.Madrid:Akal. Reedición.50.Breve historia feminista de la literatura española (en lengua catalana, gallega y vasca). vol.VI, ed. <mask>.<mask>. Barcelona: Anthropos. 2001
          51. El rapto de América y el síntoma de la modernidad. Barcelona:Montesinos.2004. 52. La otra mirada del siglo XX. La mujer en la España  del siglo XX. Madrid. La Esfera de los Libros. 2006
          53.Leer Don Quijote. 7 tesis sobre ética y literatura. Barcelona: Anthropos. 2007
          54. Percanta que me amuraste. Barcelona:Montesinos (novela)
          55. Poesía completa, Canarias:La Página.56. Kiliagonía.(reed). .Canarias:La Página..
2008
          57. Alejandro Sawa. Crónicas de la bohemia. Ed. Veintisiete: Madrid.58. <mask> Unamuno, ensayos heréticos. Ed. Veintisiete (en prensa). 59. La (Di)famación de la cultura. 7 ensayos sobre ética.Ed. Veintisiete, Madrid. Honors and awards
          Decorated by King Juan Carlos I of Spain. "Encomienda, Lazo de Dama de la Orden de Mérito Civil." 1988
          Medal of Honor, Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, San Juan, Puerto Rico, April 1994. Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Puerto Rico, June 1996. Gold Medal, Ateneo Puertorriqueño.1998. Cátedra UNESCO de Estudios Latinoamericanos, Universidad  Pompeu Fabra, 2001
          Honorary Doctoral degree, Universidad de Málaga. 2004. <mask>ambrano Thought Award, Junta de Andalucía. 2006. Pen Club Award (based on "El libro de Apolonia o de las islas"). Zavala is also honored as one of Ponce's greatest writers at the Park for Illustrious Ponce Citizens.See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

1936 births
2020 deaths
Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican writers
University of Salamanca alumni
Educators from Ponce
Writers from Ponce
Puerto Rican independence activists
20th-century Puerto Rican writers
20th-century Puerto Rican women writers
20th-century Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican academics
University of Puerto Rico alumni
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Puerto Rican emigrants
American emigrants to Spain
American expatriate academics
Puerto Rican expatriates in Spain
Puerto Rican women activists
American women academics
20th-century women educators

masks:
Iris M
. Zavala
Zavala
Masones
M Bajtin
M Díaz
Rodriguez Monroy
Zavala
Iris M
. Zavala
Iris M
Zavala
Iris M
. Zavala
Iris M
Zavala
Miguel de
María Z