title: Ewelina Lisowska

texts:
<mask>ka (; born 23 August 1991), is a Polish singer, songwriter and vocal producer. She has released four solo studio albums: Aero-Plan (2013), Nowe Horyzonty (2014), Ponad Wszystko (2016) and Cztery (2018). Two albums released by her reached the top of the list of the most-bought albums in Poland. She received two gold records for the sale of her albums. Winner of many music awards, such as Eska Music Awards in the categories of Best Hit ("W stronę słońca"), Best Debut and Best Online Artist, 51st KFPP in Opole, Onet Super Premiere ("We mgle") or SuperJedynki. She also won many nominations, incl. to MTV Europe Music Awards 2013, TOPtrendy 2014 and Polsat Sopot Festival.She was a participant or guest in several entertainment programs, incl. won Dancing with the Stars and won the third place in the program Your Face Sounds Familiar. She lent her voice to the leading characters in the animated films Justin and the Knights of Valour and Charming. Biography
Born in Cerekwica, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Lisowska is a graduate of the Grażyna Bacewicz First Stage School of Music in Wrocław, in classical guitar. Since then, she was the lead singer of the post hardcore band "Nurth" with the stage name Evelynn Nurth. In addition to melodious singing she also uses growl. In 2011, she participated in the talent show TVN's Mam Talent (Got Talent).In 2012, Lisowska recorded an international single "Communications Are Down" with a metalcore band from Texas/New York called Forever in Promise. A few months later, she reached the semi-finals of the Polish adaptation of the second X Factor format, including on-air broadcast television station TVN. As a result, Lisowska signed a contract with music label HQT Music Group. Her debut EP, "Ewelina Lisowska" was released on 7 August 2012. The material was promoted by song "Nieodporny Rozum" (Fragile Mind) which has been carried out in the music video directed by Dariusz Szermanowicz. Her recent album " Aero-Plan"was released 7 May 2013. The music video for "Jutra nie będzie" (There Will Be No Tomorrow) was released on YouTube on 26 April 2013.It is the third single of Aero-Plan. In 2016, she was a guest on the Hell's Kitchen show. At the end of July 2016, she released the single "Prosta Sprawa". The song announced the next studio album entitled Ponad Wszystko, which was released on 4 November 2016. The other singles promoting the album were the songs: „Zatrzymaj się", „Zrób to!” and „Niebo/Piekło”. On 14 February, she released the single I'm Franky to which she sang the opening credits. On 5 June 2017, she presented the music video for the song „W sercu miasta".On 31 December 2017, she performed on stage during the New Year's Eve party of TVN in Warsaw, where she sang the hits "Nieodporny rozum" and "W stronę słońca" and covers "Beautiful People" covers, originally sung by Sia and Rihanna and "Chained to the Rhythm" by Katy Perry. On 25 May 2018, she released a video for the song "T-shirt", which – along with "W sercu miasta" – was on her album entitled Cztery, which premiered on 22 June 2018. In addition, she lent her voice to Cinderella in the animated film Charming. On 31 December, she performed at Stadion Śląski in Chorzów during the New Year's Eve with Polsat, performed Lady Gaga's song "Bad Romance" and her hit "Prosta Sprawa". Then she played a New Year's Eve concert with a band in Częstochowa. On 26 April 2019, she made a guest appearance in the eighth episode of the ninth edition of Dancing with the Stars, singing the song "Shallow" in a duet with Danzel. On 13 May, together with her sisters, she appeared on Dzień Dobry TVN.On 2 June, she gave a concert in Lubartów, organized on the occasion of Children's Day by the Polsat Foundation. On 6 June, she performed in Opole at the concert "Don't ask about Poland" broadcast by TVP2. On 14 August, she performed in Sopot at the Top of The Top Sopot Festival concert broadcast by TVN. On 20 September, she appeared as a musical guest during the Big Brother program, which was broadcast by TVN 7, performing the song "We will defeat the storm". In addition, she took third place in the final of the twelfth edition of the program Your face sounds familiar, previously winning two episodes program, in which she played Justyna Steczkowska and Edyta Górniak. On 31 December 2019, she appeared on New Year's Eve in Warsaw, which was broadcast on TVN, she performed her hits. In the spring of 2020, she hosted in one of the episodes of TVP1 This was the year!, in which she sang the hit Nancy Sinatra "These Boots Are Made For Walkin".On 16 May, she published a film as part of the Hot16Challenge campaign, for which she was nominated by Damian Ukeje, the artist entitled her 16-line song „Wodospady". On September 5, she performed in Opole at the 57th National Festival of Polish Song, performing a song from Danuta Rinn's repertoire "Where are these men". On October 2, she released a new single with the clip, which was titled „Nie mogę zapomnieć". On 4 October, she left Bielsko-Biała in Question for breakfast, telling about her private life and musical plans. On 30 October, together with Riot Games, she released a single, which is a Polish adaptation of the latest MORE soundtrack related to League of Legends. On 31 October, she visited the Dzień Dobry TVN studio where she presented her latest single „Nie mogę zapomnieć" and in an interview with Marcin Prokop she told about her future musical plans. On 31 October she appeared as a guest musician during the program America da lubić, which was broadcast by TVP2 station, performing the song "Redneck Woman."On 18 December, she made a guest appearance in Kaen's song „Kwarantanna", for which a music video was recorded. On December 18, a Christmas charity episode of the program Your face sounds familiar was broadcast, in which Lisowska sang the song „Pada śnieg" in a duet with Krzysztof Antkowiak. On 15 December, she performed at the "Christmas Tale" concert in the Castle Chapel on the Castle Hill in Lubin. At the end of January 2021, for a few days, together with Filip Chajzer, she ran the Allegro program for the Great Orchestra of Christmas Charity, and herself put up a concert on board a helicopter. On 7 August, Lisowska performed at the concert Wakacyjne hity wszech czasów, which was broadcast by TVP2, performing her song „W stronę słońca”. In September, the program Fort Boyard was broadcast on the Viaplay platform, in which the singer took part. The artist announced that next year she plans to release the fifth studio album on the occasion of the jubilee of ten years of presence on the Polish music scene.In the fall of 2021 she joined the Hockey Team of the Polish Artists Representation. On November 18, there was, among others, with the song "Nie ufaj" during the opening at Hala Koszyki in Warsaw. Nurth
Nurth was founded in 2007 by Maciek "Jonson" Wiergowski. <mask> fronted the band under the stage name of Evelynn Nurth. In 2009, they released their first EP entitled "Revolution. "In 2010, they released their first single entitled "The Last Second Of Life" which first showcased <mask>'s screaming technique. The cover of the single showed a new Nurth logo in red letters with a dark background.They released their second EP entitled "Stay Away" in 2011. The art shows a purple background with same Nurth logo in pink letters. The main piece of art shows what looks like a keyhole with a little girl following an owl on the other side. The last known song associated with the band is "Communications Are Down" by Forever in Promise which featured <mask> under her stage name Evelynn Nurth in 2012.No other songs were released or associated with the band since. Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

Cover song

 #icanteven by The Neighbourhood
 Leaving Tonight by The Neighbourhood
 Angel With a Shotgun by The Cab
 Mama Told Me by Cash Cash
 Take Me Home by Cash Cash ft. Bebe Rexha
 Demons by Imagine Dragons
Pumped Up Kicks by Foster The People
 It's Time by Imagine Dragons
 Radioactive by Imagine Dragons
 Light It Up by Major Lazer
 Get Free by Major Lazer
 Faded by Alan Walker
 Side to Side by Ariana Grande feat. Nicki Minaj
 Human by Christina Perri
 Big Girls Cry by SIA
 Angel by the Wings by SIA
 Elastic Heart by SIA
 Move Your Body by SIA
 Tuesday by Burak Yeter feat. Danelle Sandoval

Dancing with the Stars.Taniec z gwiazdami performances

References

1991 births
Living people
People from Trzebnica
Polish pop singers
Polish rock singers
Polish lyricists
21st-century Polish singers
21st-century Polish women singers
Polish women singers

masks:
Ewelina Monika Lisows
Lisowska
Lisowska
Lisowska


title: F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre

type: original

texts:
<mask> (also <mask>) <mask> (1948 – 25 June 2010), also known as <mask>, was a New York City-based journalist, novelist, poet and illustrator. <mask>'s writings include the science-fiction novel The Woman Between the Worlds and his anthology of verse and humour pieces <mask>'s Improbable Bestiary. As an uncredited "ghost" author, <mask> is known to have written or co-written several other books, including at least one novel in the Tom Swift IV series, The DNA Disaster, published as by "Victor Appleton" (a house pseudonym) but with <mask>'s name on the acknowledgements page. On 25 June 2010, <mask> set his Brooklyn apartment on fire and his body was later found there. Background
Little is known about MacIntyte's background, early life or family. Throughout his life, he told various stories about his family, birthplace and childhood that remain unsubstantiated, and which, after his death, his brother confirmed to be fictional. <mask> often told people he was orphaned by a Scottish family and raised in an Australian orphanage and a child labour camp.He used the aliases Paul Grant Jeffery, Timothy/Tim C. Allen, Oleg V. Bredikhine, and the nickname <mask>gy. But a teenage acquaintance alleged that the young <mask> spoke then with a plain New York accent from Long Island or Queens, raising questions about his claims of foreign origin. Another acquaintance who knew <mask> in his twenties remembered that he still spoke with an American accent, and used the name <mask>. An acquaintance remembers MacIntyre sharing the reason for the "Gwynplaine" in his name; it was, he said, from the film The Man Who Laughs, based on the Victor Hugo novel, in which the title character, Gwynplaine, has had a permanent smile surgically carved on his face. <mask> stated that he identified with Gwynplaine and thus chose the name as part of his own. Works
In the 1970s, <mask> worked for a Manhattan publisher of pornographic novels. Employees were paid $175 per week and expected to produce an entire pornographic novel in that time, as well as a chapter for a compilation-format pornographic book supposedly assembled from the cases of a Dr. Lamb.Although <mask> professionally published many works of non-fiction and literature, he is best known as an author of genre fiction: specifically, science fiction, fantasy, horror and mystery stories. His short stories were published in Weird Tales, Analog, Asimov's Science Fiction, Amazing Stories, Absolute Magnitude, Interzone, The Strand Magazine and numerous anthologies, including Terry Carr's Best Science Fiction of the Year #10, Michael Reaves and John Pelan's mystery/horror anthology Shadows Over Baker Street, James Robert Smith and Stephen Mark Rainey's horror anthology Evermore, and Stephen Jones's The Mammoth Book of Best New Horror. For Mike Ashley's The Mammoth Book of Historical Detectives (1995), <mask> wrote "Death in the Dawntime", a locked room mystery (or rather, sealed cave mystery) set in Australia around 35,000 BC, which editor Mike Ashley suggests is the furthest in the past a historical whodunnit has been set. A characteristic of <mask>'s writing (both fiction and non-fiction) is his penchant for coining new words and resurrecting obscure words. Language authority William Safire acknowledged <mask>'s neologism of "Clintonym" and quoted his historical etymology research. In addition to publishing science fiction in Analog, <mask> also contributed to that magazine as an artist, illustrating his own stories and one by Ron Goulart. <mask> wrote a considerable number of book reviews for The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.In the July 2003 issue of that magazine, <mask> mentioned that he was related to the wife of Scottish author Eric Linklater. It is unclear whether this was one of the many fabrications about his life that <mask>'s brother later confirmed to be untrue. <mask> had previously stated (in interviews and at science-fiction conventions) that he was estranged from his abusive family and did not acknowledge them. He had legally changed his name, officially filing a deed poll: "<mask>" was therefore his legal name but not his birth name. He had acknowledged that he took the name "<mask>" from the protagonist of The Man Who Laughs, a novel by Victor Hugo. <mask> claimed to have contributed substantial script material to a 2006 documentary about actress Theda Bara, The Woman with the Hungry Eyes: he claimed his contributions included the film's title and an interview he had conducted with author <mask>. He is only listed under the "Special Thanks" section of the credits; <mask> claimed to be contractually prevented from receiving a screenplay credit.Legal issues
In 2000, <mask> was arrested after a neighbour said he duct-taped her to a chair, shaved her head, and spray-painted her black. He later plead guilty to third-degree misdemeanor assault. Death
In the months leading up to his death, MacIntyre became increasingly depressed and despondent. He sent mass emails to friends where he spoke of being troubled by his childhood (he would describe his family as "deeply evil people") and referenced suicide. He had also lost his night job as a printer and claimed to have health problems including synaesthesia. One day before his death, <mask> posted a review of the silent German science fiction film Metropolis (1927), titled "My favourite film, my last review" on IMDb. On 24 June 2010, police were called to MacIntyre's Bensonhurst apartment after a friend received a mass email from MacIntyre that alluded to suicide.Six police officers forcibly removed <mask> from the apartment as he yelled that he wanted to die and take "everyone in the building down with me". He was taken to Coney Island Hospital for psychiatric evaluation and released hours later. <mask> returned to his apartment and sent off an angry mass email admonishing the person who called the police. At around 9:30 a.m. on 25 June, <mask>, who was a long time hoarder, lit the contents of his apartment on fire. The fire quickly engulfed the building and took sixty firefighters more than an hour to extinguish. <mask>'s body was later found among the burned debris. He was the only fatality in the fire as the other residents were quickly evacuated.After his death, <mask>'s brother came forward and stated that <mask>'s life story was in fact fabricated, but did not provide any details about his real-life story- save that they did have Scottish ancestry- or the reasons for his fabrications and affectations. Bibliography

Books
Novels and collections include:
 The Woman Between the Worlds (1994,  and 2000, )
 <mask>'s Improbable Bestiary (2005, )

Short stories
Short stories include:
Asimov's Science Fiction:
 "For Cheddar or Worse" (volume 4 number 11, November 1980)
 "Martian Walkabout" (volume 5 number 13, December 1981)
 "Isle Be Seeing You" (volume 6 number 4, April 1982)
Amazing Stories:
 "The Man Who Split in Twain" (May 1986)
Weird Tales:
 "The Ones Who Turn Invisible" (#293, 1988)
 "Beddy-Bye" (Summer, 1998)
Absolute Magnitude:
 "The Minds Who Jumped" (Spring 1995)
Albedo One, (Ireland):
 "An Actor Prepares" (#20, 1999)
Analog Science Fiction and Fact:
 "OOPS!" (March 1991)
 "Teeny-Tiny Techno-Tactics" (March 1997)
 "Time Lines" (June 1999)
 "A Real Bang-Up Job" (July 2000)
 "'Put Back That Universe!'" (October 2000)
 "Schrödinger's Cat-Sitter" (July 2001)
 "A Deadly Medley of Smedley" (April 2003)
 "Annual Annular Annals" (January 2004)
Interzone, (Britain):
 "Sundowner Sheila" (February 2006)
The Strand Magazine:
 "Down the Garden Path" (February 2008)
Esli, (Russia):
 "Random" (July 2008)
 "Smart Fashions" (June 2009; cover story)
 "Boarder Incidence" (February 2010)
Space and Time:
 "Another Fine Messiah" (#110, Spring 2010)
SF Magajin, (Japan):
 "The Adventure of Exham Priory" (May 2010)

Notes

References

F. Gwynplaine MacIntyre, entry at The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, 3rd edition (draft)
 Index to Science Fiction Anthologies and Collections

External links

 "Fiery End for an Eccentric Recluse", video at The New York Times

1948 births
2010 suicides
Deaths from fire in the United States
Suicides by self-immolation
Suicides in New York City

masks:
Fergus
Feargus
Gwynplaine MacIntyre
Froggy
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
Frog
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
Jeremy MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
Fergus MacIntyre
Gwynplaine
MacIntyre
Fritz Leiber
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre


title: John Giles (architect)

texts:
<mask> was a British architect. He was born in Lincoln, probably in 1830, and his family came from Branston near Lincoln. He was articled to the Lincoln architect Pearson Bellamy. He had moved to London by 1859 and with Pearson Bellamy entered a number competitions for major public buildings. Of these only one, for Grimsby Town, was successful. In London he was responsible for a number of major projects including the  Langham Hotel. He also started in 1869 on the design of hospitals with the Infirmary to Hampstead Union Workhouse.After a short period of partnership with Lewis Angel, when Stratford Town Hall was built and with Edward Biven, by 1873 he was in partnership with Albert Edward Gough. They were joined in the practice by J E Trollope and they became involved in the design of Arts and Crafts housing in London's west end. <mask> had business interests in the City of London and was noted in 1867 as being a Director of the Imperial Guardian Life Insurance Company. Works
<mask> initially worked with Bellamy and Hardy of Lincoln. In 1859 they submitted plans in a competition for the Manchester Assize Courts in Great Ducie St. Manchester, but the competition was won by Sir Alfred Waterhouse with a notable building in the Venetian Gothic style. Giles and Bellamy and Hardy's proposed building was in the Palazzo revival style. Then in 1861 they were successful in a competition to design Grimsby Town Hall.<mask>' practice was first at 2 Verulam Buildings, London in 1864 and he was to move to 28 Craven Street, Charing Cross by 1868. A notable architect articled to <mask> was Charles Bell who came from Grantham in Lincolnshire. Following this <mask> was working by himself and his most notable buildings were:
Langham Hotel, London, built between 1863 and 1865

Petersham Hotel, Petersham completed in 1865
Torwood, Wimbledon Park, Surrey, a house illustrated in The Builder
Hillfield House, Gloucester, a mansion faced in ashlar Bath stone and built in 1867-69 for the timber merchant Charles Walker. It is in the Italianate style popularised by Charles Barry with a centrally placed tower and an impressive porte-cochère entrance. Pevsner describes it as the most elaborate Victorian house in Gloucester’’. For some years, it housed local government offices. In 2014 it was sold for use as a residence and was extensively renovated.'The most elaborate house in Gloucester' for sale for £1.85million
New End Hospital Hampstead, founded in 1869 as the infirmary for the Hampstead Union workhouse, and operated until 1986. The site has been redeveloped but the converted Giles building on Upper Walk remains. <mask> and Angell

For a short time he worked with Lewis Angell, who was the District Surveyor for West Ham. They submitted a design for Stratford Town Hall (now known as Stratford Old Town Hall), beating thirty competing entries. The building was completed in 1869 and extended by Angell in 1881. The building is described as a confidently Victorian version of arched Cinquecento with rusticated stone ground floor with square headed window openings beneath an upper storey of round arched windows, divided by Corinthian columns. Carried off with considerable panache with an asymmetrical 100 ft domed tower.The balustraded parapets are decorated with allegorical figures. <mask> and Biven
By 1866 <mask> was in partnership with Edward Biven at 28 Craven Street, when they designed an Infirmary for the St. Pancras Guardians of the Poor. This building is now part of the Highgate Wing of the Whittington Hospital. <mask> and Gough

By 1873 <mask> was in partnership with Albert Edward Gough (died 1908) at Craven Street. The partnership increasingly specialised in asylum, hospital and workhouse architecture. Work by them includes:
The extension wings to the Georgian workhouse in Cleveland Street, London in 1873
Cavendish College, Cambridge (now part of Homerton College) in 1876–8. Homerton College, from London, moved into the buildings in 1894.Large, red-brick, Tudor, with asymmetrical Gothic tower, and Gothic Hall windows. Fulham Workhouse Infirmary. In 1883 <mask> and Gough erected a pavilion-plan infirmary at the north of the workhouse site facing onto St Dunstan's road. It was a military hospital in the First World War. Now demolished to make way for the Charing Cross Hospital. Christ Church, Gipsy Hill, London
New End Hospital, Hampstead. <mask>, Gough and Trollope

By 1888 <mask> and Gough were joined by <mask> Trollope, an architect who had trained under Sir Arthur William Blomfield.Trollope was to continue the practice at 28 Craven Street after Gough's death in 1908. Trollope died in 1912. The practice expanded considerably at this time, particular building hospitals and mental asylums. Also they built housing in London, in the Queen Anne revival style, normally in red brick and using terracotta decorative panels. Much of this housing appears to have been designed by <mask> Trollope. Buildings by <mask>, Gough and Trollope:
Leicester General Hospital The 62-acre site between Crown Hills and Evington village was purchased for £6,920 in 1902, with construction of the hospital beginning on 2 April 1903. The building, designed by <mask>, Gough and Trollope, was completed at a cost of £79,575.Main block with a Baroque revival central entrance, flanked by long separate wings. Hammersmith Hospital. Du Cane Road. (1904), A handsome brick and stone building in Queen Anne style, four storeys with pedimented windows on the two lower storeys, canted corner bays and raised centre with an elegant clock turret. Houses
Aldford House, 63 South Audley Street, London W1 (1890) by J.E. Trollope of Giles, Gough & Trollope. 1-8 Carlos Place, London W1(c1897) by J.E.Trollope of Giles, Gough & Trollope. A four-story quadrant block of houses . . . in free English/Flemish Renaissance style, constructed in red brick, with lavish Portland stone dressings with canted bay windows, balustraded parapets and gables, enlivened on alternate houses by bands of red terracotta Renaissance decorative ornament. <mask> and the building of asylums

Following <mask>' innovative design for the Coney Hill Hospital in Gloucestershire, <mask> became one of the most successful asylum architects, winning eight of the sixteen competitions he entered and coming second in four. Examples of work undertaken by his partnership are:
Coney Hill Hospital, Gloucester. Built as the second Gloucestereshire County Asylum. <mask> and Gough won a competition to build this in 1879 and it was built in 1881–1883.It was the first asylum to be built in true echelon plan, but was never fully completed. Only the administrative block now survives. St Augustine's Hospital, Chartham, Kent. The asylum was opened on 5 April 1875. The buildings were completed in 1876 at a total cost of £211,852. Originally built to house 870 patients. St Edward's Hospital, Cheddeleton, Staffordshire.(<mask>, Gough and Trollope)  Opened 18 August 1899. Echelon layout. It closed in 2002 and has now been converted to housing. Tone Vale Hospital, Cotford, Somerset. Tone Vale was founded as the second Somerset County Asylum in 1892, the first Somerset County Asylum near Wells having become overcrowded. The competition to design the asylum was won by <mask> and Trollope, and the first patient was admitted in May 1897. Talgarth Hospital, Powys.The building, designed by Messrs <mask>, Gough and Trollope of London, followed the compact echelon or arrow plan and was built at a cost of £126,000. It was opened with public ceremony on 18 March 1903. Gallery

Notes and references

Further reading
Antonia Brodie (ed).(2001). Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: 2 Vols, vol. 1, p.725. British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects. Goodall I. et al.(1998).English Hospitals 1660-1948 : A Survey of their Architecture and Design'', RCHME,

1831 births
1900 deaths
Architects from Lincolnshire
People involved with mental health
People from Lincoln, England

masks:
John Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
John Evelyn
John Evelyn
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles Gough
Giles


title: Arthur Rose Eldred

texts:
<mask> (August 16, 1895 – January 4, 1951) was an American agricultural and railroad industry executive, civic leader, and the first Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America (BSA). As a 16-year-old candidate for the highest rank bestowed by the BSA, he was personally interviewed by a panel composed of the youth organization's founders, including Ernest Thompson Seton and Daniel Carter Beard. Eldred was awarded the coveted distinction of Eagle Scout on September 2, 1912, becoming the first of more than two million boys in the U.S. since then to earn Scouting's most vaunted rank. Eldred also received the Bronze Honor Medal for lifesaving, and was the first of four generations of Eagle Scouts in his family. A graduate of Cornell University, Eldred enlisted at age 22 in the United States Navy in January 1918, nine months after the U.S. entry into World War I. After serving aboard various Navy vessels and seeing combat in that conflict, he then worked in the agriculture and produce transportation industries, serving as a railroad industry official. Eldred continued as an active Scout leader and school board member throughout much of his adult life.Scouting as a youth

Eldred was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Oceanside, Long Island, New York, by his mother after his father died. Eldred's older brother, Hubert W. Eldred, was instrumental in starting Troop 1 of Oceanside, Long Island, New York, in November 1910. Troop 1 was fully uniformed and their appearance so impressed Chief Scout Executive James E. West that he asked the troop to serve as honor guard for the visit of Baden-Powell, the founder of Scouting. West paid the expenses for the troop to travel to New York harbor for Baden-Powell's arrival in the morning of January 31, 1912. Baden-Powell inspected Troop 1, and spoke with Eldred at some length. It is uncertain how Baden-Powell found out that Eldred's Board of Review was that afternoon, but he ended up attending it and being part of the Board of Review. In March 1911, Eldred earned First Class rank.He subsequently completed the 21 merit badges required for Eagle Scout. Merit badges are awards for mastering skills taught in the Scouting program. At the time, only 141 merit badges had then been earned by about 50 Scouts. As originally implemented, Eagle Scout was part of the merit badge system and was not a rank. Thus, Eldred, like several of the early Eagles, did not earn the Life or Star awards that later preceded Eagle Scout. Eldred's merit badges were noted in the Honor Roll of the August 1912 edition of Boys' Life. Eldred did not have a troop board of review, a review by the adult troop leaders to ensure eligibility.Instead, Eldred had a thorough National Board of Review consisting of West, Baden-Powell, Ernest Thompson Seton, Daniel Carter Beard, <mask>. Forbush, and Wilbert E. Longfellow, who wrote in the Handbook for Boys on life-saving and swimming. At the time there had still not been a council-level system for Eagle Scouts boards of review. Largely due to delays caused by Baden-Powell's visit, the National Court of Honor did not convene until March 29, 1912. A press announcement was released on or about April 10, 1912, leading to a century of confusion wherein it was believed Eldred's Board of Review had been held in April. West informed Eldred of his Eagle award in a letter dated August 21, 1912. Another reason for the delays was that the Boy Scouts of America felt no one would ever earn the Eagle Scout award and at the time of Eldred's Board of Review, the Eagle Scout medal had not yet been designed. This letter also informed Eldred of the delay in the medal, caused by the fact that the design of the Eagle Scout medal had not been finalized.Eldred was presented Eagle Scout on Labor Day, September 2, 1912, becoming the first to earn Scouting's highest rank, just two years after the founding of the BSA itself. In August 1912, Eldred was camping with the troop in Orange Lake, New York. While swimming in the lake, fifteen-year-old Melvin Daly, another Scout who was a non-swimmer, began to drown. Eldred rescued Daly with the assistance of Merritt Cutler. Chief Scout Seton presented Eldred with the Honor Medal for this action. Education and career
Eldred entered Cornell University in 1912 and graduated in 1916 having studied agriculture. At the university, Eldred was a member of the Alpha Zeta fraternity, president of the Agricultural Association and participated in track and cross-country.Naval service
Eldred enlisted in the United States Navy in January 1918, during World War I. He was initially assigned to the Philadelphia Naval Yard before shipping out on the transport  on Sunday, June 30, 1918, from Bush Terminal in Brooklyn, New York, for overseas duty. On July 1, 1918, his convoy spotted two enemy submarines and attacked them with depth charges. It is not known whether the submarines were damaged. During the Henderson's seventh troop transport voyage to France there was a fire on board on July 2, 1918, that resulted in the ship returning to the United States. All but one or two of those on board were rescued by the destroyers  and  and eventually taken aboard the , which continued to Brest, France, where Eldred's knowledge of French proved useful. From there, he was sent by train to Italy.Eldred arrived in Italy in July 1918 and eventually at Sub Chaser Base 25, located in Corfu, Greece in September 1918. There he served as a machinist aboard submarine chaser SC-244, where they patrolled the Strait of Otranto and were engaged in combat. While in Corfu, Eldred and many others got sick with the flu during the 1918 flu pandemic. The conditions at the hospital were so bad that he had to crawl to a stream to get water, which resulted in a permanent scar on his left hip. Eldred began his return to the United States and arrived in Malta on December 25, 1918. By February 1919, he was in Gibraltar. He was given the option of staying in the Navy until they arrived home in six months or being discharged and paying his own way home.He elected the discharge and was separated from the Navy on March 4, 1919. He met some U.S. Army soldiers who were en route to America aboard an Army troop ship. They took him aboard as a stowaway and loaned him an Army uniform. Eldred slept in a life boat on the way back to America. Business and civic endeavors
After the war, Eldred worked for a dairy, then became the agricultural agent for Atlantic County, New Jersey, in 1921 and established the Atlantic City municipal market. He later promoted produce transportation for the Reading Railroad. As the trucking industry became a major competitor for the carriage of agricultural products, Eldred became the manager of the Eastern Railroad Association's Motor Carrier Committee.He also served on the Camden County Council, the Clementon School District Board of Education, and also served as Overbrook Regional school board president. Adult Scouting life, descendants, and legacy

Eldred was a board of review examiner throughout the 1920s. He was later the troop committee chairman for Troop 77 in Clementon, New Jersey. Eldred's descendants have followed in his footsteps. Eldred was present when his eldest son, Willard "Bill" G<mask>, had his Eagle Scout ceremony on October 27, 1944. Eldred also had a younger son, <mask>, and one daughter, Patricia. Two of Eldred's grandsons are also Eagle Scouts: James I. Hudson III (1968) and Willard "Bill" <mask> (1977).Four of his great-grandsons, Kyle Kern, <mask>, Tennessee Abbott, and Bobby Hitte, were Scouts as of March 2007, working towards Eagle Scout. <mask> and Kyle Kern did not make Eagle Scout and were no longer in Scouting as youths by July 2009. Tennessee Abbott had his Eagle Scout ceremony on May 2, 2010. Bobby Hitte became an Eagle Scout in 2012, 100 years after <mask> and another Eldred descendant, Jack Eldred, had joined Scouting. Eldred died at the age of 55 from colon cancer on January 4, 1951, at his home in Clementon. He is buried in Berlin Cemetery, Berlin, New Jersey. The National Eagle Scout Association chapter of the BSA's Theodore Roosevelt Council in Massapequa, New York, is named in honor of Eldred.In October 1976 the Village of Rockville Centre, New York, honored <mask>dred by dedicating Eagle Scout Park in the village in his memory. The ceremony was attended by his widow, son Bill and grandsons. See also

 Distinguished Eagle Scout Award
 List of Eagle Scouts

References

External links

1895 births
1951 deaths
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni
United States Navy sailors
People from Clementon, New Jersey
People from Brooklyn
People from Oceanside, New York
United States Navy personnel of World War I

masks:
Arthur Rose Eldred
Arthur R
. Eldred
Arthur
Eldred
Tyler Eldred
Tyler Eldred
Arthur
Arthur El


title: Ferdinand Jung

texts:
<mask> (24 January 1905 – 2 December 1973) was a German Communist activist who resisted the Nazi government in the 1930s and spent a good deal of time in prisons and concentration camps. In later life he found himself in the political mainstream in his country's second one-party dictatorship and became a senior politician. Life

Early years
<mask> was born early in the twentieth century into a working-class family in Waltershausen, a small manufacturing town in south-central Germany which since 1815 had built up a reputation as a centre for doll and toy making. He attended school locally till 1919 and then found work in Walternshausen in one of the town's doll factories. He also took work in a factory producing rubber articles, which was another niche industry that had settled in the town. A period of unemployment followed from 1922 till 1924, after which he worked in the rubber industry, in the potash industry with Wintershall AG in nearby Merkers and on the railways, based in Walternshausen. There was a further period of unemployment between 1929 and 1933.Politics
Early during the 1920s <mask> joined the recently created Young Communists (KJVD / Kommunistischer Jugendverband Deutschlands), and in 1924, the year of his nineteenth birthday, he also joined the Communist party, becoming an active member of the Red Front Fighters (RFB /Roter Frontkämpferbund). Between 1924 and 1929 he was a political leader within the Young Communists:  within the Communist Party, between 1931 and 1933 he was party head for the Waltershausen sub-district and a political leader in the party's Anti-Fascist Fighters' League. Nazi years
Germany underwent significant regime change in January 1933 when the NDSDAP (Nazi Party) took power, and lost little time in imposing the country's first twentieth century one-party dictatorship. A feature of the new government's leadership was a powerful capacity for hatred: Chancellor Hitler had for many years been particularly vitriolic on the subject of Communists. After <mask>'s house had been searched in February 1933 <mask> himself went into hiding and lived illegally successively in Friedrichroda, Tambach-Dietharz and Gotha. During this time he was working closely with Erich Hohnstein. The two of them both undertook courier work for The (now illegal) Party, and were involved in the illegal production of the Thüringer Volksblatt" (newspaper).In July 1933 he moved to Erfurt, where the (illegal) regional party leadership had appointed him as an itinerant instructor. His work in this capacity concentrated initially on Suhl, Zella-Mehlis, Schmalkalden and Meiningen. Later his party work also took in Eisenach, Mühlhausen and the Erfurt conglomeration. On 10 February 1934 the Gestapo arrested him. Half a year later, in June 1934, he was convicted of high treason in Jena, and given a three-year prison term. He served his sentence in the prison at Untermaßfeld after which, in March 1937, instead of being released he was merely transferred to the Bad Sulza Concentration Camp. He was then moved to Lichtenburg and then, from July till August 1937 Buchenwald.He was finally released from the concentration camp system in April 1939 and then, till April 1945, worked in Gotha in the guilding and roofing trades. He also worked at different times as a steel cable maker and as a driver. War had resumed in September 1939 following a Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression pact that opened the way for a repeat partition of Poland between the two dictatorships. It ended in May 1945 with the central part of what had been Germany, including Thuringia, under Soviet Military Administration. In 1945 <mask> became a member of the Communist Party regional leadership team in Erfurt. Between June and September 1946 he was employed as the manager at the Employment Office in Waltershausen:  then from October 1945 till January 1946 he served as deputy administrator (Landrat) in Gotha. Between February 1946 and October 1948 he served in Weimar-Erfurt as First Secretary of the People's Solidarity organisation, a non-parliamentary Mass movement after the Leninist model, focused in this instance on funding and administering care for the elderly.Soviet administration
The end of the war had appeared to signal an end to one-party dictatorship, but within the Soviet occupation zone in April 1946 the contentious merger of the KPD and more moderately left-wing SPD prepared the ground for a return to  one-party rule. <mask> was one of many Communists who lost little time in signing their membership across to the resulting Socialist Unity Party (SED / Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands). From 1946 he was a member of the party's regional leadership for Weimar-Erfurt. The German Democratic Republic
From November 1948 till January 1952 <mask> was in charge of the SED (party)'s Business Department in the state of Thuringia. Meanwhile, formally in October 1949, the Soviet occupation zone became the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic, many of its constitutional arrangements directly modeled on those of the Soviet Union itself. An important feature of the country's power structure was the "leading role" of the party which meant that both at the national and regional levels, administrators and ministers (who were generally already party members) were expected to carry out party policy. Decisions came from the party, party power being ever more firmly centralised in Berlin.<mask> retained his party post in Thuringia until 1952 when the regional tier of government was abolished, powers being transferred up the line to the centre or down to local bodies. Between 1952 and January 1953 <mask> served as First Secretary of the Party Leadership in Meiningen, a midsize town in the administrative district of Suhl. Then, in January 1953 he embarked on a year of study at The Party's "Karl Marx" Academy. <mask>Awards and honours
1959: Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze
1965: Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
Medal for Fighters Against Fascism
In 1954/55 he was empowered as a trainer in the Central Governance department of the party's powerful Central Committee. Returning to regional government, from September 1955 he served as Second Secretary in the party district leadership of Suhl. Between 1958 and 1967 he was also listed as a district councillor in Suhl. However, in September 1963 he was badly injured in a motor accident, as a result of which, in May 1964, he resigned his party post.Between 1964 and 1969 <mask> headed up the "Commission for Research of the local Workers' Movement" for the party leadership in Suhl, and he was also Chairman of the "Commission for the Care of Deserving Elderly Party Members". References

Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
People condemned by Nazi courts
German resistance members
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Socialist Unity Party of Germany members
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit
1905 births
1973 deaths
Lichtenburg concentration camp survivors
Bad Sulza concentration camp survivors

masks:
Ferdinand Jung
Jung
Jung
Jung
Jung
Jung
Ferdinand Jung
Jung
Ferdinand Jung
Jung
Ferdinand Jung
Ferdinand Jung


title: Paavo Heininen

texts:
<mask> (13 January 1938 – 18 January 2022) was a Finnish composer and pianist. Biography
He was born in Helsinki, where he studied at the Sibelius Academy and was taught composition by Aarre Merikanto, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Einar Englund, and Joonas Kokkonen. He continued his studies in Cologne with Bernd Alois Zimmermann; at the Juilliard School of Music in New York with Vincent Persichetti and Eduard Steuermann; and privately in Poland with Witold Lutosławski. He also studied musicology at the University of Helsinki. <mask> was one of the most important Finnish modernist composers. His works can be roughly divided into two periods: dodecaphonic (c. 1957–1975) and serialist (from 1976 onwards). Due to the hostile reactions to his early works, particularly the First Symphony, his works up to the 1980s can be roughly divided in two groups: more personal and complex pieces and more approachable, audience-friendly pieces such as the Second Symphony, "Petite symphonie joyeuse".As professor of composition at the Sibelius Academy, <mask> has been highly influential in educating the next generation of Finnish composers and his pupils have included Magnus Lindberg, Kaija Saariaho, Jukka Tiensuu, Jouni Kaipainen and Veli-Matti Puumala. In addition to composing original works, <mask> has reconstructed several pieces that his composition teacher Aarre Merikanto mutilated or destroyed, including the latter's Symphonic Study (1928) and String Sextet (1932) and written the violin concerto Tuuminki (A Notion) as a "re-imagining" of Merikanto's completely destroyed third violin concerto. Alongside composition, <mask> has been active as a pianist, premiering and recording several of his own works. He is also known as an essayist and has written a large number of composer portraits. <mask> died on 18 January 2022, at the age of 84. Selected works

Symphonies
 Symphony no. 1 op.3 (1958/60)
 Symphony no. 2 Petite symphonie joyeuse op. 9 (1962)
 Symphony no. 3 op. 20 (1969/77)
 Symphony no. 4 op. 27 (1971)
 Symphony no.5 op. 80 (2001–02)
 Symphony no. 6 op. 132 (2015)
 Symphony no. 7 op. 144 (2020)
 Symphony no. 8 op.145 (2021)

Concertos
 Piano concerto no. 1 op. 13 (1964)
 Piano concerto no. 2 op. 15 (1966)
 Deux chansons for cello and orchestra (or piano) op. 31 (1976)
 Piano concerto no. 3 op.46 (1981)
 Saxophone concerto op. 50 (1983)
 Cello concerto op. 53 (1985)
 Tuuminki (A Notion) ("...of what might have been Aarre Merikanto's 3rd Violin Concerto") (1993)
 Violin concerto op. 75 (1999)
 Piano concerto no. 4 op. 81 (2001/05)
 Flute concerto Autrefois (2008/10)
 Organ concerto Aiolos op. 131 (2012)

Other orchestral works
 Tripartita op.5 (1959)
 Concerto for string orchestra op. 6 (1959/63)
 Soggetto op. 10 (1963)
 Adagio op. 12 (1963/66)
 Arioso for strings op. 16 (1967)
 Dia op. 36 (1979)
 Tritopos op. 38 (1977)
 Attitude op.44 (1980)
 ...tyttöjen kävely ruusulehdossa... for strings op. 47 (1982)
 Dicta kamariyhtyeelle (chamber ensemble) op. 49 (1983)
 KauToKei for strings op. 52 (1985)
 The Well-balanced Dancer op. 66a–k (1994–2000)

Operas
 Silkkirumpu (The Damask Drum) op. 45 libretto by the composer and Eeva-Liisa Manner (Finnish) and Andrew Bentley (English)
 Veitsi (The Knife) op. 55, libretto by the composer and Veijo Meri (1989)

Chamber music
 String quartet no.1 Kwartet smyczkowy op. 32c (1974)
 String quartet no. 2 Anadyr.mpl op. 64 (1992/94)
 String quartet no. 3 Austin Flint's String Quartet op. 101 (2006)
 Quintet for flute, saxophone, piano, vibraphone and percussion op. 7 (1961)
 Musique d'été for flute, clarinet, violin, cello, cembalo, vibraphone and percussion op.11 (1963/67)
 Sonata for violin and piano op. 25 (1970)
 Jeu I flute and piano op. 42 (1980)
 Jeu II for violin and piano op. 43 (1980)
 Short I for clarinet and cello (or solo clarinet) op. 58 (1990)
 Utazawa no e (Short II) for flute and guitar op. 61 (1991)
 Anadyr.img for saxophone quartet op. 63 (1993)
 String quintet op.78 (2000)
 Täällä for piano and flute op. 86 (2003)
 Quincunx for piano and flute op. 88 (2002–03)
 Piano trio op. 91 (2002/03)
 Viherre for flute, clarinet, cello and accordion op. 96 (2005)
 Sonata for oboe and piano op. 106 (2008–09)
 Sonata for saxophone and piano op. 108 (2008)
 Sonaatti for two pianos op.109 (2008–10)
 Sonata for clarinet and piano op. 111 (2008/10)
 Sykerre for wind quintet op. 113 (2010)
 Vaskikaari for brass quintet op. 115 (2010)
 Boston Sonatas op. 134 (2014)

Solo works

Piano
 Toccata op. 1 (1956)
 Sonatina 1957 op. 2 (1957)
 Libretto della primavera op.28 (1971)
 Poesia squillante ed incandescente op. 32a (1974)
 Préludes-Études-Poèmes op. 32b (1974)
 Poésies-périphrases op. 32d (1975)
 Cinq moments de jour op. 51 (1984)
 Lamentation and Praise op. 68 (1995)
 Mazurki op. 79 (2001)

Organ
 Oculus aquilae op.18 (1968)
 Touché op. 57 (1989)
 KotiKouluKirkko I–II op. 83 (2001–02)

Other
 Discantus I for alto flute op. 14 (1965)
 Discantus II for clarinet op. 21 (1969)
 Discantus III for saxophone op. 33 (1976)
 Cantilena II for cello op. 26 (1970)
 Cantilena III for violin op.34 (1976)
 Touching for guitar op. 40 (1978)
 Beateth for percussion op. 48 (1982)

Vocal
 Cantico delle creature for baritone and orchestra or piano or organ op. 17 (1968)
 The Autumns for mixed choir op. 22 (1970)
 Schatten der Erde for mezzo-soprano and piano op. 30 (1973)
 Reality for solo soprano and ten instruments op. 41 (1978)
 Four Lullabies for male choir op.56a (1986)
 Poetiikka for male choir op. 56b (1986–90)
 Tarinankulmia for mixed choir  op. 67 (1994)
 Hyräilyjä for voice and piano op. 69 (1998)
 Suomalainen laulukirja (Finnish Songbook) for four voices and piano op. 82 (2006)
 Eläinten Te Deum (Animal Te Deum) for soloists, choir and orchestra

References

Further reading
 Anderson, Martin. 2002. "Heininen, Paavo (Johannes)".The Oxford Companion to Music, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. .
 Oramo, Ilkka. 2001. "<mask>, <mask> (Johannes)". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers. Parsons, Jeremy.1978. “<mask> <mask>.” The Musical Times, Vol. 119, No. 1628 (Oct., 1978), pp. 850–853. External links
Fennica Gehrman's Heininen page (publisher). Music Finland: composer profile.1938 births
2022 deaths
Academics of the Sibelius Academy
Finnish composers
Finnish male composers
University of Helsinki alumni
Musicians from Helsinki

masks:
Paavo Johannes Heininen
Heininen
Heininen
Heininen
Heininen
Heininen
Heininen
Paavo
Paavo
Heininen


title: Édouard Philippe

texts:
<mask> (; born 28 November 1970) is a French politician serving as Mayor of Le Havre since 2020, previously holding the office from 2010 to 2017. He was Prime Minister of France from 15 May 2017 to 3 July 2020 under President Emmanuel Macron. A lawyer by occupation, <mask> is a former member of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), which later became The Republicans (LR). He served as a member of the National Assembly from 2012 to 2017, representing the seventh constituency of Seine-Maritime. After being elected to the presidency on 7 May 2017, Macron appointed him Prime Minister of France. <mask> subsequently named his government on 17 May. He was succeeded by Jean Castex before his reelection to the mayorship in Le Havre.Early life and education
<mask> <mask>, the son of French teachers, was born in Rouen in 1970 and grew up in a left-wing household. He has one sibling, a sister. He comes from a family of dockworkers, a profession in which members of his family are still employed. He grew up in a suburban neighbourhood in Rouen. He was at first a pupil at the Michelet School in Rouen before moving to Grand-Quevilly where he attended Jean-Texier College and later attending Lycée les Bruyères in Sotteville-lès-Rouen. He obtained his baccalauréat at the École de Gaulle-Adenauer in Bonn, and after a year in hypokhâgne, he studied at Sciences Po for three years and graduated in 1992, and later studied at the École nationale d'administration (ÉNA) from 1995 to 1997 (the "Marc Bloch cohort"). <mask> served as an artillery officer during his national service in 1994.He continued to serve in the operational reserve for several years afterwards. In his years at Sciences Po, he supported Michel Rocard and was influenced by him, identifying with the Rocardian and social democratic wings of the Socialist Party. His brief flirtation with the Socialists ended after Rocard was toppled from the leadership of the Socialist Party. After leaving the ÉNA in 1997, he went on to work at the Council of State, specialising in public procurement law. Political career
In 2001, <mask> joined Antoine Rufenacht as Deputy Mayor of Le Havre charged with legal affairs; Rufenacht served as mayor of Le Havre from 1995 to 2010 and campaign director for Jacques Chirac in the 2002 presidential election. Recognising the ideological proximity between Michel Rocard and Alain Juppé, <mask> supported the latter at the time of the creation of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) in 2002, marking the end of his left-wing activism; the same year, he failed to win his constituency in the legislative elections. He served under Juppé as director general of services of the UMP until 2004, when the mayor of Bordeaux was convicted as a result of the fictitious jobs case implicating the Rally for the Republic (RPR).He then took a job in the private sector, working with the American law firm Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, and was elected to the regional council of Upper Normandy the same year. In the wake of Nicolas Sarkozy's victory in the 2007 presidential election, <mask> briefly returned to political life working for Alain Juppé, when Juppé served briefly as Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy, before being appointed Director of Public Affairs at Areva, where he worked from 2007 to 2010. He was also substitute to Jean-Yves Besselat, who served as the member of the National Assembly for Seine-Maritime's 7th constituency from 2007 to 2012. In 2008, he was elected to the general council of Seine-Maritime in the canton of Le Havre-5, and in 2010 was elected mayor of Le Havre after the resignation of Rufenacht, his mentor, and also became President of the Agglomeration community of Le Havre the same year. After Besselat's death in 2012 following a long illness, <mask> took his seat, successfully holding it in the subsequent legislative elections. He was reelected as Mayor of Le Havre in the 2014 municipal elections in the first round, with an absolute majority of 52.04% of expressed votes. Following his resignation on 20 May 2017 as Le Havre Mayor, he retains a seat in the municipal council.2017 presidential election
He worked for the campaign of Alain Juppé in the primary of the right and centre in 2016, serving as a spokesperson alongside Benoist Apparu. Though <mask> and Apparu, as well as Christophe Béchu, later joined the campaign of François Fillon for the 2017 presidential election after his victory in the primary, the three parliamentarians – close to Juppé – quit on 2 March 2017 after the candidate was summoned to appear before judges amidst the Fillon affair. He said he would not  seek to retain his seat in the legislative elections in June to avoid breaching the law limiting the accumulation of mandates. Following the victory of Emmanuel Macron in the presidential election, there was speculation that <mask> was a potential choice for Prime Minister, representing three essential aspects: political renewal (at the age of only 46), affiliation with the moderate right, and familiarity with the political terrain. Prime Minister

On 15 May 2017, <mask> was appointed as Prime Minister by Emmanuel Macron after speculation he was a contender for the office alongside former Ecology Minister Jean-Louis Borloo, MoDem Leader François Bayrou and IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde. In the June 2017 legislative elections, Macron's party, renamed "La République En Marche! ", together with its ally the Democratic Movement (MoDem), secured a comfortable majority, winning 350 seats out of 577, with his party alone winning an outright majority of 308 seats.<mask> is a member of The Republicans though he campaigned for La République En Marche! due to the party supporting his role as Prime Minister. He formed the Second <mask> government on 21 May 2017 following a series of resignations after scandal embroiled Ministers François Bayrou, Sylvie Goulard, Marielle de Sarnez and Richard Ferrand. This diminished Democratic Movement's representation in the government significantly. <mask> secured a vote of confidence and was allowed to govern with a majority government on 4 July 2017. He was confirmed with a vote of 370 against 67. Following the vote, <mask> addressed the parliament, talking about plans to tackle France's debt by raising cigarette tax and cutting spending.<mask> also talked about plans to reduce corporate tax from 33.3% to 25% by 2022. <mask> announced the government's labour reform plan which will give companies more power when it comes to negotiating conditions directly with their employees. Labour reform was one of Macron's biggest election promises and has been seen as the government's biggest economic reform. On 12 July 2017, <mask> announced a new immigration plan. The plan attempts to speed up asylum claims from fourteen months to six, provide housing for 7,500 refugees by the end of 2019, improve living conditions for minors and deport economic migrants The draft of the law will be introduced in September. On 3 July 2020, <mask> resigned as Prime Minister. He ran successfully in the 2020 Le Havre mayoral election.Ahead of the 2022 presidential election, <mask> endorsed Macron for reelection. Controversy
In October 2020, <mask> was one of several current and former government officials whose home was searched by French authorities following complaints about the government's handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Personal life
<mask> is married to Édith Chabre, the executive director of the School of Law at Sciences Po. They have three children. Since the middle of the 2010s, <mask> has sported a short beard. He is the first Prime Minister with facial hair since Henri Queuille (Prime Minister in 1951) and the first one with a full beard since Alexandre Ribot (Prime Minister last in 1917). Further, he is one of a few Prime Ministers in the last century (Henri Queuille, Raymond Barre, Francois Fillon, Jean-Marc Ayrault) to be older than the president he served under, by an unprecedented seven years.As Prime Minister, he announced that he had vitiligo, a skin disease responsible for the noticeable white patch of hair on his beard. Honours

Foreign honours

Published works

<mask> has co-authored two works of fiction:

  This political thriller recounts a presidential election mired in tricks and betrayals, culminating with the unmasking of the to-be-appointed Prime Minister's criminal history in extremis. In 2015, he prefaced Promenades avec Oscar Niemeyer by Danielle Knapp, published by Petit à Petit. References

External links

 Biography on the National Assembly site
 Biography on the site of Le Havre

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1970 births
Living people
Lycée Janson-de-Sailly alumni
Sciences Po alumni
École nationale d'administration alumni
Members of the Conseil d'État (France)
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Mayors of places in Normandy
Politicians from Normandy
People from Rouen
Prime Ministers of France
French Army officers
Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (France)
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Honorary Officers of the Order of Australia
Departmental councillors (France)
Regional councillors of France
People associated with Debevoise & Plimpton

masks:
Édouard Charles Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Édouard
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe
Philippe


title: Judith Hoffberg

texts:
<mask> (May 19, 1934 – January 16, 2009) was a librarian, archivist, lecturer, a curator and art writer, and editor and publisher of Umbrella, a newsletter on artist's books, mail art, and Fluxus art. Biography
<mask> received a B.A. in Political Science from UCLA in 1956. She went on to get an M.A. in Italian Language and Literature in 1960 and an M.L.S. from the UCLA School of Library Service in June 1964. She was a Special Intern at the Library of Congress after serving as a cataloguer in 1964–65 at the Johns Hopkins University Bologna Center in Italy.At the Library of Congress, she was a cataloguer in the Prints & Photographs Division until 1967, when she served as the Fine Arts Librarian at the University of Pennsylvania from 1967–1969. She went on to UCSD from 1969 to 1971 as art, literature and language bibliographer and to the Brand Library in Glendale, CA as Director from 1971 to 1973. From 1974 to 1976, she worked for the Smithsonian Institution as Archivist and Editorial Assistant for the Bicentennial Bibliography of American Arts. In 1972, she co-founded Art Libraries Society of North America (ARLIS). She served as the Society's first Chairman, editor of ARLIS/NA Newsletter from 1972 to 1977 and its Executive Secretary from 1974 to 1977. In 1978, Hoffberg founded Umbrella Associates. Her work included consulting with archives and libraries.She edited and published Umbrella, a newsletter about artists' books and publications. In her work as a writer, editor, and curator, she enthusiastically championed Fluxus, inexpensive artists' books, mail art, rubber-stamp art, and many other offbeat forms of expression of the second half of the 20th century. <mask> also lectured widely throughout the US and abroad. Her collection of artist/s books is split between the University of California at Los Angeles and the UCSB; her collection of some 15,000 pieces of Umbrelliana is at the UCSD, in La Jolla. In 2000, <mask> and Béatrice Coron founded the International Edible Book Festival. <mask> was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia in 2008 and died of lymphoma the following year. "Six Degrees:  Art in the Libraries," sponsored by Side St.Projects, Pasadena, CA, co-curated by Karen Atkinson and Sam Erenberg, 2001

Publications
 Co-Editor, Directory of Art Libraries & Visual Resource Collections in North America (New York, Neal Schuman, 1978)
 "Bibliography of Women Artists’ Books", Chrysalis (Spring 1978)
 "Artists’ Books" in Art & Technology: The History & Method of Fine Papermaking (San Francisco, World Print Council, 1979)
 Editor & Publisher, Artists’ Publications in Print, 1980–83
 "Art Book Column" in High Performance Magazine, 1984–1994
 "Distribution and its Discontents" in Art Papers (Atlanta) May–June 1990
 Publisher, Cross<+>Currents: Books from the Edge of the Pacific (Pasadena, Umbrella Associates, 1992)
 "Learning to Read Art: The Art of Artists’ Books," The New Bookbinder, vol. 13, 1993
 Publisher, The Book Maker’s Desire: Writings on the Art of the Book by Buzz Spector (Pasadena, Umbrella Editions, 1995)
 Publisher, Umbrella: The Anthology (Santa Monica, Umbrella Editions, 2000)
 Editor and author, Women of the Book: Jewish Artists, Jewish Themes (Boca Raton, Friends of the Library, 2001)

External links
 The Mail-Interview with <mask> A. Hoffberg
 Umbrella Digital Archive

References

1934 births
2009 deaths
American librarians
American women librarians
American art curators
Art writers
20th-century American women writers
UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Deaths from lymphoma
Deaths from cancer in California
21st-century American women

masks:
Judith Hoffberg
Hoffberg
Hoffberg
Hoffberg
Hoffberg
Judith


title: Brian Jacob

texts:
<mask> is an American economist and a professor of public policy, economics and education at the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy of the University of Michigan. There, he also currently serves as co-director of the Education Policy Initiative and of the Youth Policy Lab. In 2008, <mask>'s research on education policy was awarded the David N. Kershaw Award, which is given by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management and honours persons who have made a distinguished contribution to the field of public policy analysis and management before the age of 40. His doctoral advisor at the University of Chicago was Freakonomics author Steven Levitt. Biography

<mask><mask> earned an A.B. from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government in 1992, after which he worked as a policy analyst for the office of the New York City Mayor (1992–94), as elementary school teacher at the Zora Neale Hurston Academy (East Harlem) (1994–96), as programme developer at Chicago's Center for School Improvement (1996–98), and as research analyst at the consortium on Chicago School Research (1998–2001). In 2001, <mask> also earned a Ph.D. in public policy from the University of Chicago, whereupon he began to work as assistant professor at the Kennedy School of Government.In 2007, following a visiting appointment at the University of Michigan, <mask> moved to Michigan's Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, where he became the Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Education Policy, Professor of Economics and Professor of Education. At the University of Michigan, <mask> also served as director of the Center for Local, State and Urban Policy (2007–12) and currently serves as co-director of its Education Policy Initiative and Youth Policy Lab; he has also been directing the Detroit Data Fellows since 2016. In terms of professional affiliations, <mask> was affiliated with the National Poverty Center and continues to maintain ties to the National Bureau of Economic Research, CESifo Research Network, and Brookings Institution. Moreover, he is a member of the American Economic Association, American Educational Research Association, and the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management. Finally, he has been performing editorial duties at the academic journals Education Finance and Policy, Review of Economics and Statistics, and American Economic Journal: Applied Economics. Research

<mask>. <mask>'s research focuses on the labour markets of teachers, school accountability and choice, and housing and criminal justice (among other topics). In his research, <mask> has very frequently collaborated with Lars Lefgren (Brigham Young University), with whom he studied together at the University of Chicago.Research on teacher labour markets

In his research on teacher labour markets, <mask> has studied the recruitment and training of effective teachers. Together with Lefgren, <mask> finds that raising teachers' in-service training has no significant effect on students' achievement in reading or math, raising questions on whether small-scale staff development investments are an effective strategy in e.g. high-poverty schools. Again with Lefgren, <mask> has also researched the recruitment of effective teachers by school principals, finding that principals are generally able to identify ineffective teachers but are much less able to distinguish between teachers  of lower or upper intermediate effectiveness. Nonetheless, a principal's subjective assessment is on average a far better predictor of a teacher's students' future achievement than the teacher's experience, education and compensation, though it performs worse than measures of the teacher's value added to student test scores. <mask> has further investigated this issue in research with Rockoff, Kane and Staiger, wherein he finds that composite measures of teachers' cognitive and non-cognitive skills predict well teachers' effectiveness, though individual measures do not. Finally, reviewing the literature on the recruitment of effective teachers in urban schools, <mask> emphasizes the variation of teacher shortages across subjects, grades and schools, with recruitment being particularly difficult for high-poverty schools.Research on school accountability and school choice

Another area of research by <mask>. <mask> in education regards school choice and school accountability. With Steven Levitt, <mask> uses unexpected test score fluctuations to assess teacher cheating in Chicago public schools and estimates that cheating by teaches or school administrators on standardized tests occurs in at least 4-5% of elementary school classrooms, with the frequency of cheating responding strongly to minor changes in incentives, which constitutes a key pitfall of high-powered incentive systems in education. In another study on high-stakes testing, <mask> finds however that math and reading achievement grew strongly after the introduction of school accountability policies under the No Child Left Behind (NCLB), though part of the achievement growth in these subjects is found to come at the expense of low-stakes subjects such as science and social studies, as teachers substitute these for the tested subjects. <mask> further investigates the impact of NCLB on students, teachers and schools in two studies with Thomas Dee, wherein they find that it increased younger students' test scores in math, especially among disadvantaged youth, though not in reading, caused school-district expenditure to grow, and improved the quality of the teacher workforce, but also shifted teachers' focus towards the tested subjects and away from those that weren't. Together with Julie Berry Cullen and Steven Levitt, <mask> has also researched school choice in the Chicago Public Schools (CPS), finding that - except for students choosing career academies - the observed gains in high school graduation rates among students who switch from their assigned CPS high school to another one is likely spurious, and that even though students who win high school lotteries tend to have selected higher quality schools and consequently report fewer disciplinary incidents, their student achievement doesn't benefit significantly from their win. Finally, in research with Lars Lefgren, <mask> has analyzed remedial education, parents' preferences regarding teaching, and the impact of grade retention. In particular, using a regression discontinuity design, they find that summer school remedial education within CPS substantially increased 3rd-graders' but not 6th-graders academic achievement, that families with children in high-poverty schools strongly value teachers' ability to raise their children's scores in standardized math or reading tests and don't care about teachers' ability to promote student satisfaction, whereas the reverse holds true for families with children in high-income schools, and that retaining in grade 8th-grade students in elementary school substantially increases their likelihood of dropping out of high school, whereas the retention of younger students has no such effect.Research on housing and criminal justice

In his research on housing and criminal justice, <mask> studies the impact of public housing on education as well as the determinants of youth criminal behaviour. In his investigation of the impact of high-rise public housing on student outcomes through the demolition of public housing in Chicago, <mask> finds that the outcomes of students living in affected households don't change, as their families move from public housing to neighbourhoods with schools strongly similar to the ones that the students attended previously, suggesting that the benefits of housing mobility for the education of disadvantaged students may be small. Examining the short-term impact of school on crime, <mask> and Lefgren find that property crime decreases by 14% during school time, whereas violent crime increases by 28%, suggesting that incapacitation and concentration affect juvenile crime but that the increase in interactions associated with school attendance increases interpersonal conflict and violence, which would imply important trade-offs with regard to youth programmes with frequent interactions. Finally, along with Enrico Moretti, <mask> and Lefgren use weather shocks to study the dynamics of criminal behaviour, finding - unlike previous research - that criminal behaviour displays natural mean reversion, thus casting doubt on the long-run effects of temporary crime prevention efforts. Miscellaneous research

Other findings of <mask>'s research include the lack of significant impact of mandatory high school graduation exams on 12th-grade students' achievement in math or reading, though they increase the likelihood of the students with the lowest ability dropping out of school. Further analysis by <mask> with Thomas Dee has shown that the impact of mandatory high school graduation exams is highly diverse, e.g. increasing educational attainment in low-poverty and suburban school districts but also exacerbating dropout rates in high-pvoerty school districts or districts with high concentrations of minority students.Examining why nearly 3 out of 5 college students are women, <mask> finds that nearly 90% of the gender gap in higher education can be accounted for by gender differences in non-cognitive skills (e.g. the ability to pay attention in class, to cooperate, to organize and to seek help) and college premia. Finally, in his research with Lefgren on the impact of receiving an NIH grant on later publications and citations, <mask> finds that receiving such a grant only moderately increases applicants' research productivity, suggesting that researchers may have access to other funding sources for high quality projects and that a NIH grant is unlikely to displace other funding by NIH. References

External links
 Personal homepage of <mask><mask>
 Faculty profile of <mask>. <mask>

21st-century American economists
Education economists
University of Chicago alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy faculty
Labor economists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Brian Aaron Jacob
Jacob
Brian A
. Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Brian A
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Brian A
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Brian A
. Jacob
Brian A
Jacob


title: Onofre R. Pagsanghan

texts:
<mask><mask> (born June 12, 1927) is a teacher and screenplay writer from the Ateneo de Manila High School, Philippines. An Ateneo alumnus himself, Mr. Pagsi, as he is fondly called by students and colleagues, began his teaching career in his alma mater in 1951. He teaches English and Filipino to high school students. In addition, he is also the moderator of the theater group Dulaang Sibol, which he founded in 1956. Now on his 63rd year of teaching, he has received numerous awards in the fields of teaching and theater. Early life

<mask> was born in Tondo, Manila, on June 12, 1927 to parents <mask> and <mask>. Raised in poverty, <mask> was able to study in Ateneo through a scholarship.When he was 13, his grandfather met a priest that knew the president of Ateneo. He was able to get a 50% discount which though this was a big help, he still could not afford this, so the priest handled the other 50%( based on an interview with him). Unfortunately, his schooling was halted due to the invasion of the Japanese. Classes eventually resumed in 1945 and he was able to graduate high school in 1947. He pursued a degree in education soon after. He graduated with an AB in education in 1951. Years later, he earned his MA in English in 1984.He married Florinda Duran in 1960 and they had three children namely Stella, Joel and Sylvia, who is also teaching in Ateneo High School. Teaching and theater career

<mask> decided to become a teacher after graduation. He was inspired to take this vocation by his own high school teacher, Fr. John Delaney, S.J. Fr. Delaney asked him to become a teacher during his high school days, and <mask> took up the challenge in 1951, after graduating college. He applied to be a teacher in Ateneo High School.However, the principal back then, an American Jesuit, was unsure if he could last as a teacher because of his frail and weak structure. The principal eventually accepted him, under the condition that during lunch breaks, he would sleep in one of the unused rooms in order to gain his strength. <mask> agreed, and began teaching English and Filipino to freshmen high school students. He chose to teach in first year high school because this was the time children could be molded the most, and he wanted to influence and change his students in the right way

He was able to write several books, which were integrated into the curriculum of several schools. “Hasik”, “Layag” and “Makabagong Pilipino” are three of those books that are now used in different high schools. Two of his other books, “Reaching Out” and “Sagwan”, are still being used by the Ateneo High School. <mask> began teaching theater in 1956.He founded the Ateneo High School Dramatics Society, which was later renamed Dulaang Sibol in 1966. Under his guidance, numerous critically acclaimed plays were staged, such as “Doon Po sa Amin”, “Ang Paglilitis ni Mang Serapio” and “Sinta!”; all of which he translated from their English counterpart and adapted to the Philippine context. The group became nationally renowned for its polished and professional presentations. Throughout the years, <mask> gained numerous awards for his work in education and theater. In 1970, he was awarded the Gawad Balagtas Award and the Patnubay ng Kalinangan award for his theater work. In addition, “Sinta” bagged the award for the Best Musical Film in the 1977 FAMAS. In honor of his 45th year of teaching, the Dulaang Sibol Theater was renamed to the Tanghalan Onofre R. Pagsanghan by Ateneo.In 1985, he received the first Metrobank Outstanding Educator Award, one of the most prestigious awards that can be given to a teacher. In 2003, he was awarded the Bayaning Gurong Pilipino Award by the ABS-CBN Foundation. Teaching Style

From 1980 onwards, <mask> became the moderator of class 1-A, the honors class of first year. In teaching, he combines theater and music into literary works such as “Julius Caesar” and “The Little Prince.” He makes sure to use the entire classroom while acting out certain portions of readings to catch attention. Songs are also incorporated into lessons, usually used when introducing a new one. In tests, which are always written on manila paper, he focuses on “why” questions since he considers understanding why something is such as the most important part of learning. In addition, religion and morality are always applied.Quotes and memorable passages are also important in his style. Students are pushed to memorize and understand quotes in order to get a better understanding of texts. He also has weekly memorable passages, which are posted at the front of the blackboard. Quotes can range from famous lines from book to famous sayings from historical figures. Present life

<mask> currently is still a member of the Ateneo de Manila High School Faculty but is no longer teaching. He instead shares and gives reflections to all the classes of the High School and serves as a formator for the young men and women of the High School. He is the founder and was the moderator of Dulaang Sibol until 2017.However, he is not the moderator of the organization currently. He gives lectures all throughout the Philippines with topics ranging from the devotion of teaching to stage plays. Despite being 20 plus years over the retirement age, he has no plans of retiring, and continues to keep on teaching until he no longer has the ability to teach. Teaching awards

Order of St. Michael the Archangel by the Holy Angel University (2011)
Bayaning Gurong Pilipino Award from the ABS-CBN Foundation and UGAT (2003)
Gawad Paz Marquez Benitez for outstanding educator in literature from Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (2002)
The Outstanding Filipino Award by the Junior Chamber International (JCI) Senate Philippines (1996)
Metrobank Outstanding Educators Award for excellence as a high school teacher (1985, the first year of the Metrobank Awards)
E.A.G.L.E. Fund Teacher Award for excellence in the teaching profession from the Ateneo de Manila University (every year from its inception in 1980 up to the present)
First Irwin Memorial Award for excellence in the teaching profession from the Ateneo de Manila University (1977)
Ozanam Award for Outstanding Service as a Catholic teacher from the Ateneo de Manila University (1970)
Citizens’ Award for Television, Best Educational Television Program, for a televised series of lessons in Filipino (1964)

Cultural awards
"Yes The Filipino Can!" award by the RFM Corp. (2008)
Centennial Honors for the Arts (Theater) from the National Centennial Commission (1999)
Gawad Manuel L. Quezon from Quezon City and the Taliba ng Inang Wika (1996)
Gawad CCP para sa Sining (Dulaan) from the Cultural Center of the Philippines (1992)
Gawad Pambansang Alagad ni Balagtas from Unyon ng mga Manunulat sa Pilipinas (1992)
FAMAS Best Musical Film Award for Sinta (1976)
Patnubay ng Kalinangan Award for national contribution in the field of theater from the City of Manila (1970)
Gawad Balagtas for significant work in Philippine theater from the Surian ng Wikang Pambansa in (1970)

Notes

References

"A Lifelong Passion." newsinfo.inquirer.net.N.p., 30 Sept 2013. Web. 7 Jan 2014. <http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/498205/a-lifelong-passion>. Imbong, Peter. "Dr <mask> Pagsanghan: Those Who Can, Teach." www.Rappler.com.N.p., 06 Oct 2013. Web. 7 Jan 2014. <http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/40684-onofre-pagsanghan-profile>. Guerrero, Amadis. "Mr. Pagsi–Still at it at 85."Inquirer.net. N.p., 22 Dec 2012.Web. 7 Jan, 2014. <http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/82409/mr-pagsi-still-at-it-at-85>. Knowledge Channel. “<mask> Pagsanjan.” Online Video Clip. YouTube. YouTube, 16 July 2012.Web. 7 Jan. 2014. Totanes, Von. "Onofre R. Pagsanghan." web.archive.org. N.p..Web. 7 Jan 2014. <https://web.archive.org/web/20091027132629/http://www.geocities.com/vonjobi/pagsicv.htm>. 1927 births
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Ateneo de Manila University faculty
Filipino Roman Catholics
Filipino schoolteachers
Possibly living people
People from Tondo, Manila
20th-century Filipino educators

masks:
Onofre R
. Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Hipolito Pagsanghan
Vicente Rivera
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Pagsanghan
Onofre
Onofre


title: Marvel Moreno

texts:
<mask> (Barranquilla, Colombia, September 23, 1939 - Paris, June 5, 1995) was a Colombian writer. She was chosen by Cromos magazine as "one of the hundred most influential women in the history of Colombia." Biography
<mask> was the daughter of <mask> and Berta Abello, and sister of <mask>, one of the promoters of science fiction in Colombia. She was part of a traditional wealthy family from Barranquilla, a port city in the northern region of the country. In October 1939 she was baptized a Catholic. In 1950, <mask> was expelled from a convent school for voicing a defense for Charles Darwin and his theories of evolution contradicting the doctrines of the Catholic Church. At the age of 20, her mother encouraged her to join a beauty pageant and she was subsequently named the queen of the Barranquilla Carnival, an important folk festival in the country and one of the biggest carnivals in the world.For a few weeks, she became "the most important character in the city and for some days she enjoys notoriety in the entire country." In the early sixties she met Alejandro Obregón, an important painter in Colombia, with whom she developed a deep friendship that lasted until her early death. Through him, she got to know other members of the Barranquilla Group, including Álvaro Cepeda Samudio, Gabriel García Márquez as well as Germán Vargas Cantillo who would become a decisive figure in her life by eagerly encouraging her writings. In 1962, <mask> married her first husband, the writer and journalist Plinio Apuleyo Mendoza, and they had two daughters. Paris life
She went twice to Paris, first in 1969, where she began to write and publish her first stories in magazines. At some point she moved to Spain and in September 1971 returned to Paris where she was to remain. Until 1972, <mask> contributed to Libre, a literary magazine in Spanish that brought together resident Latin American writers or those exiled in Paris.The author's publications included the stories Something so Ugly in the Life of a Fine Lady (1980) and The Encounter and Other Stories (1980). Critics have said, "In her work the influence of writers such as Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, Carson McCullers and William Faulkner is noted, but in all her work the background is Latin American culture." In 1982 she married the French engineer Jacques Fourrier. Writings

In 1969 <mask> published her first short story, El Muñeco, in the magazine Eco and later in the Sunday Magazine of El Espectador. In 1975 she published her second story, Oriane, Aunt Oriane, also in the magazine Eco. In 1980 she published the story La noche feliz de Madame Yvonne, which she wrote in 1977, the same year in which she began to write In December the Breezes Arrived, a novel that completely absorbed her for seven years. It was published in 1987 by Plaza & Janes.From 1983-1985, the filmmaker Fina Torres created her first movie, Oriana, based on <mask>'s second story, and the film went on to win the Caméra d'Or Award at the Cannes Film Festival in France as the "best first feature film." The movie also won Best Film and Best Screenplay at the Cartagena Film Festival, and it was selected as the Venezuelan entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards, but was not named a nominee. The story was described by American critic Vincent Camby in The New York Times as a "gothic romance" featuring a woman and her French husband who return to South America to sell the home of an aging aunt named Oriane. The story also includes flashbacks to the woman's youth in a Venezuelan beach town and suggests troubles that had been long-forgotten there. One of <mask>'s novels that was translated into Italian, In December the Breezes Arrived, received the Grinzane Cavour Literary Prize for the "best foreign book" in 1989. In this, her first novel, <mask> revealed her style, inherited from "magical realism" matured into "a new dimension of the marvelous reality" as the critics described it. Separately, she managed to publish in Bogotá an anthology of short stories that she had started in 1986, entitled The Encounter and Other Stories, under the Áncora Editores publishing label.The rights to <mask>'s latest novel, The Time of the Amazons, have been reserved by her two daughters and her first husband, since <mask> finished writing it in 1994, a year before she died. Finally. The first edition was finally scheduled for publication in March 2020. (According to El Tiempo, the consensus in international literary circles was that <mask>'s novel, with a main character said to resemble her ex-husband, was kept "on file for 26 years" by <mask>'s daughters and Mendoza and was submitted for publication only "after years of political and academic pressure." The family disagrees with that assessment.) Death
<mask> died in poverty on June 5, 1995, in Paris from lupus an illness that was accompanied by depression and that may have led to her early death at age 56, of pulmonary emphysema. Fulfilling her wishes, her body was cremated at the famed Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris, and her ashes thrown into the Seine River.Hours before she passed, she managed to write the first lines of a story titled Un amor de mi madre. In 1997, as a posthumous tribute to the writer, Jacques Gilard organized an international colloquium at the University of Toulouse. <mask>'s stories, including the first lines of the final text, were compiled in the volume Cuentos Completos, published by Editorial Norma in 2001, within the collection La Otra Orilla. Publications

Stories

 El Muñeco, 1969
 Oriane, Aunt Oriane, 1975 (6 editions published between 1986 and 2004 in Spanish and French)

Something so Ugly in the Life of a Fine Lady, 1980
The Encounter and Other Stories, 1992
Complete Stories, 2005

Novels

In December the Breezes Arrived, 1987, reissued in 2005 and 2014 (29 editions published between 1987 and 2014 in 4 languages)
The Time of the Amazons, 1994, published in March 2020

References

External links

 The digital version of a tribute, In September Marvel Arrived, online: https://www.flipsnack.com/suazavar/en-septiembre-llego-marvel-fdpig8a3z.html
The stories of <mask>: https://web.archive.org/web/20110428193956/http://www.marvelmoreno.net/site/documents/works_about_books/giraldo.pdf (in Spanish)

1939 births
1995 deaths
Colombian women writers
20th-century women writers
20th-century Colombian women writers
Writers from Paris
People from Barranquilla

masks:
Marvel Luz Moreno Abello
Marvel
Benmín Jacobo Moreno
Ronal Moreno Abello
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Marvel Moreno


title: Henry McBride (politician)

texts:
<mask> (February 7, 1856 – October 7, 1937) was an American politician who served as the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Washington from 1900 to 1901 and as the fourth governor of Washington from  1901 to 1905. <mask> came to Washington State in 1882. He worked as a teacher while studying law, and was admitted to the bar in 1884 in La Conner, Washington. In 1888, he became the Republican candidate for and was elected to the position of Prosecuting Attorney for Skagit, Whatcom, and Snohomish counties. In 1891, he became the first Superior Judge for the newly established judicial district of Skagit and Island counties. He ran for re-election in 1896, but, like every Republican candidate that year, was defeated by a candidate from the Fusionists party (a combination of Populists, Democrats, and Silver Republicans). <mask> was elected lieutenant-governor in 1900, but didn't finish his term as he became governor after the death of Governor Rogers in 1901.<mask> was the first Washington State governor born in the west, the first candidate to become governor as a result of the previous office-holder's death, and the first to succeed to the position from the lieutenant-governor office. From the beginning, <mask> promoted the establishment of the State Railroad Commission and new railroad regulations. He advocated for the separation of politics from institutions' activity, in particular decreasing the railroads' monopolistic practices in the Legislature. This placed him in strong opposition to the railroad lobbyists who effectively controlled the Legislature and political parties. The outcome of <mask>'s confrontation with the railroads was mixed. On one hand, the lobbyists successfully prevented <mask>'s re-election in 1904. On the other hand, eventually the commission was established and the Legislature cleared of powerful railroad lobbies.<mask> ran for governor again in 1908 and 1916, but wasn't re-elected. As his political influence dwindled, <mask> kept following political events and supported the Republican party, but decided to pursue a career in banking and law in Seattle. He was a partner in the law firm McBride, Stratton & Dalton, until he left it to become a labor conciliator. In later years and until his retirement, <mask> was president of the Provident Savings & Loan Association, which he co-founded with Herbert S. Conner. Early life and family

<mask> was born in February 1856, in Farmington, Utah. His parents were Ruth Ann Miller, born in Indiana, and <mask>, born in New York. <mask>'s ancestors were from Scotland and Ireland on his father's side, and England on his mother's side.In 1858, <mask>'s father was killed by Shoshonee Indians at Fort Lemhi, Idaho. Many of the attacking Indians lived around the Fort and "had previously been very friendly." A member of Governor Stevens' surveying party fought with the natives. After his father's death, <mask> lived with his mother, who lived to be at least seventy years old. <mask>'s family was known for longevity; his maternal grandmother reached at least one hundred years old. Education

<mask> began  his education in the public schools of Utah, and attended an Episcopalian high school in Logan. He wanted to pursue a career in Episcopal ministry, so he went to study in the preparatory school in Trinity College, located in Hartford, Connecticut.He planned to attend Episcopalian theological school after that. At Trinity College, <mask> contracted malaria, becoming a "physical wreck," and was later transferred to Hobart College in New York, another Episcopalian institution. <mask>'s health failed during his time in New York. The president of Hobart College suggested <mask> had less than a year to live, and advised him to return home to the west. Eventually, <mask> left Hobart College and returned home. In 1880, he moved to California, where he spent two years recuperating. In 1882, <mask> moved to Washington Territory.He wanted to start career in law, and went to La Conner (at the time the county seat of Skagit County) to pursue better educational opportunities. He had been learning law for three years. Teaching and legal career

Teaching and becoming a lawyer (1882–1884)

Coming to Washington, <mask> was "literally fighting for existence" until he passed a teacher's examination and started teaching in Oak Harbor on Whidbey Island. There, he also worked as an operator in a telegraph office. Later, <mask> moved from Island to Skagit County, settling in La Conner and becoming a school teacher there. He spent three years combining teaching with his study of the law. As an educator, <mask> was a member of the examining board during the first teachers' examination held in Skagit County.In 1884, <mask> was admitted to the bar in La Conner by Territorial Judge Roger S. Greene. <mask> entered the practice alongside older specialists, whose "reputation and patronage were already assured," and received essential experience and skills in the field. Legal career in 1886–1896

In 1886, <mask> was a nominee for the position of Probate Judge in Skagit County on a Republican ticket, but he lost the election to Democrat Harrison Clothier. <mask> proceeded with his legal practice, and the following year moved to Mount Vernon to partner with E. M. Carr and Harold Preston, co-owners of a law firm in Seattle. For two years, he handled the firm's branch office in Mount Vernon. After two years, the partnership ended and the firm was dissolved. In 1888, <mask> became Prosecuting Attorney for Skagit, Whatcom, and Snohomish Counties, serving at the position for one term.In 1891, <mask> became one of the charter members for the newly-established Bar Association of Skagit County. That year, the Superior Court of the new judicial district for Skagit and Island Counties was formed, and <mask> was appointed to become its first Superior Judge. He was first appointed to the office on March 10, 1891, to work until 1892 as a substitute for Judge Winn, who was transferred to Whatcom County. At the end of this term, <mask> travelled around the counties on a bicycle, campaigning for re-election. He was re-elected for the full term of four years and stayed in the office until 1896. At the end of his four-year term as Superior Judge, <mask> ran for re-election on the Republican ticket, but was defeated, as was every other Republican nominee that year, due to the "fusion" between the Populists, Democrats and Silver Republicans, who "swept the county" that year. After <mask> left the Superior Court, he dedicated his time to practicing law in Mount Vernon.Over the years, <mask> gained recognition on the state level due to his part in a number of important court proceedings and sensational murder cases. Career in politics

Early political activity

From the start of his legal career, <mask> lead an active political life. He was a member of the Republican party, attending party conventions and promoting the party. By 1888, he became a "recognized leader" in political circles of Washington State. In 1884, <mask> was a member of the Republican Central Committee. That year, the towns of La Conner and Mount Vernon competed to become the county seat of Skagit County, and <mask> took an active part in the event. He personally rode to Sedro-Woolley to prevent potential voter fraud there in favor of Mount Vernon.Nevertheless, Mount Vernon received the majority of votes to become the county seat instead of La Conner, which had played the role of temporary county seat. In 1898, <mask> became a chairman of the Republican County Central Committee. He was in charge of a county campaign, and his work was esteemed as "well planned and efficiently carried." That year, the campaign resulted in the victory of the entire Republican ticket. Lieutenant-governor and becoming governor (1900–1901)

In 1900, <mask> became a Skagit County nominee for governor of Washington State. However, at the party convention, it was decided to make John M. Frink a governor candidate instead, and <mask> was up for the lieutenant-governor. <mask> received public support and won the election by a vast majority of votes.Prior to 1900, all state offices were under control of Populists, Democrats, and Silver Republicans elected in 1896. However, the picture changed completely: in 1900, members of the Republican ticket won every office except for the governor. Governor Rogers was the only Democratic candidate to succeed. His victory was a surprise for Republicans, especially after the "upsurge" of their party at the 1898 elections. Governor Rogers died within a year, on December 26, 1901. By constitutional rule, <mask> was appointed in his place, becoming the 4th Washington State governor. He didn't find out about his appointment right away due to a storm that broke down communications.<mask> officially started his governor term in January 1902, giving the Republican party full control of official positions for the 1901–1905 term. Governorship (1901–1905)

<mask> was the first governor of Washington State, born in the U.S. west, the first who succeeded to the office from the position of the lieutenant-governor, and the first man in Washington State to become governor as a result of the death of the previous office-holder. Starting his term as governor, <mask> believed the Legislature was throttled by "certain interests" and that "business meddled too much with politics." His aim was to defeat the lobbyists' "death grip on the Legislature." His other interest was the demarcation of educational institutions from politics, but he was mostly  known as the "recognized leader" fighting against the railroad monopoly and supporting the railroad reform. In this he followed in the footsteps of his former law partner, Harold Preston, who advocated for the new railroad regulations between 1887 and 1901. Railroad Commission promotion (1901–1903)

In the 1890s, the question of regulating the railroads was raised by many politicians, but was seen as a "revolt against the established order."By the time <mask> became governor, a number of railroad companies operated in the state and competed to dominate the state government. Railroad control of the Legislature became one of the biggest political issues of that time, and <mask> was in active opposition to it. He started to promote the establishment of the State Railroad Commission, claiming it was his "first priority." Despite the fact that Democrats as well as Republicans supported the creation of the commission at first, the opposition, led by powerful railroad lobbyists and influential politicians, "restrained" the Legislature from any action in regard to it. Legislature failed to pass a number of commission bills, and some
"questionable rulings in favor of the anti-commission" were met with near-riots. <mask>'s campaign against the railroad lobby caused  the most notable gathering of "famous transportation chiefs" in the history of the inland Northwest on August 4, 1902. The meeting discussed softening <mask>'s hit on the railroad lobby and soothing "people's clamor" in regard to regulating common carriers.<mask> hoped to persuade the Republican state convention in September 1902 to accept the Railroad Commission and create it in 1903; the subject was a "notable plank" in the Republican platform of that year. However, that campaign promise disappeared from the official committee report presented at the convention, and was replaced by one in favor of "equitable railroad

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