title: Mohamed bin Issa Al Jaber

texts:
<mask> (, born 1959 in Jeddah) is an Arab businessperson. Business
In 1982, <mask>r founded Jadawel International Construction & Development. He is founder, chairman and CEO of the MBI Group. He owns 80% of the Group. The MBI Group activities include various entities including the following companies:

 JJW Hotels & Resorts, including luxury hotels in Austria, France, Portugal and the United Kingdom, Amarante 4-star hotels in France, Portugal and Egypt as well as Median 3-star hotels Stars budget hotels in France
 Jadawel International, a company developing residential compounds for expatriates in Saudi Arabia
 Continentoil, and oil field services and petroleum company
 Al Jaber is also a shareholder of AJWA Group for Food Industries, an agricultural and food processing company

Al Jaber was listed as a billionaire in March 2013 by Forbes and in May 2014 featured in The Sunday Times Rich List at number 13, the highest entry for an Arab. Arabian Business's 2013 rich list 'The world's richest Arabs' puts <mask> at number 2 with $12.66bn. Bloomberg Billionaires reported his net worth as $7.19BN as of August 2018.Portugal
In September 2003, Al Jaber took over the management of Quinta Vale Da Gondra Hotel e SPA (Unipessoal) Lda. In January 2008, Portuguese press revealed that <mask> is expanding his business in the Algarve and investing about €200 million to buy the Hotel Dona Filipa in Vale do Lobo, the golf course San Lourenzo in Quinta do Lago, the Hotel Penina and its 3 golf courses from Starman (a joint-venture between the Lehman Brothers bank and Starwood Capital Group). Other assets in the regions are the Pinheiros Altos Golf Resort and the Formosa Hotel. In 2013 JJW Hotels and Resorts took over the management of the Penina Hotel and Golf Resort, and also announced plans for a major refurbishment of the Dona Filipa. Mohsen MBI <mask>r, son of <mask> Bin <mask> <mask>, has held the role of Vice President of the Portugal sector of the MBI Group since October 2015. Austria

In 2002, <mask>r acquired the famous Grand Hotel, Vienna from the Japanese airline All Nippon Airways. He later acquired the premises of a former bank on Kärntner Ring and converted the building to the boutique Ring Hotel.In October 2006, Al Jaber bought the Palais Corso, Vienna's premier luxury shopping and office complex from Generali Versicherung, for about €70 million. In 2007, Al Jaber agreed to invest 10% in the building of the Vienna Tourism University (Modul University Vienna), a project handled by the Vienna Economic Chamber and provided scholarships for students there both personally and through his Foundation. Also in 2007, JJW signed an agreement for the takeover and the expansion of the Palace Schwarzenberg Hotel in Vienna, along with Magnat Real Estate. However, delays to the project led to its cancellation. The Austrian press noted in this regard that numerous payment commitments of Al Jaber had remained unfulfilled and had led to recriminations and threats of lawsuits. In the beginning of 2008, Al Jaber proposed to help the financially troubled Austrian Airlines with investments through taking a 20% stake in the company. However, he withdrew his offer in May 2008 after the company published its negative quarterly results, based on the grounds that the company intentionally withheld the actual level of trouble faced.Auditor Herbert Heiser, who was called by the court to consult in the legal dispute between AUA and Al Jaber, agreed with <mask> Jaber's conclusions. He states in his report that rather than its officially declared profit of €3.3 million, the AUA should have revealed a hefty loss – of around €235 million. In July 2008, Al Jaber took a 60% stake in Kneissl Holding GmbH, an Austrian manufacturer of sports equipment. JJA Beteiligungsverwaltungs GmbH bought the entire company in December 2012 for €1,98 million and subsequently let it lapse into insolvency because he did not inject funds he had committed earlier. In 2008 Vienna's Trialog Institut named <mask>r 'Man of the Year' for his work in promoting inter-cultural understanding. Presenting the award, Karl Blecha, former Federal Minister of the Interior and of the Austrian-Arabic Association, praised <mask>r for his work towards building bridges through education and understanding and his support of peace, tolerance and democracy. In May 2011, Al Jaber publicly denounced a defamation campaign by Austrian Media which had sought to imply financial difficulties in some of the companies that Al Jaber had invested in.He accused the newspapers of reporting a one-sided version of events. In October 2020 Sheikh <mask> <mask> al Jaber and Robert Zadrazil, CEO of Bank Austria UniCredit, reached an amicable end to a legal dispute that had existed since 2012 following constructive discussions between the parties. As part of the resolution, the two business leaders have committed to work together in an attempt to strengthen the Austrian economy. London

In 2007, Al Jaber expanded the portfolio of the Guernsey-based JJW Hotels & Resorts group by acquiring The Eton Collection hotels for a reported £70 million. France
The Group opened their first office in France in 1991. The hotel empire of Al Jaber was initially started in France in 1988 and expanded to over 35 hotel properties in France and almost 80 in Europe. In October 2008, it was announced that the Group planned to acquire a number of hotels in France from the Starwood Capital Group for $2billion but the deal was not concluded.Personal life and philanthropy
Personal

<mask> is married and has three children. His children are all Trustees of the MBI Al Jaber Foundation. In 2007, <mask>r obtained Austrian nationality. In 2009, MBI Al Jaber released his first book, 'Yes, the Arabs can too' (Arabic 2009, English 2013, German 2015). The book provides a contemporary Arab view on the changes that are being wrought both economically and socially across the region. Philanthropy

MBI Al Jaber is the founder and Chairman of the MBI Al Jaber Foundation, founded in 2002. MBI Al Jaber is the founding patron and donor of the London Middle East Institute at SOAS, and has endowed the MBI Al Jaber Chair in Middle East Studies.He is on the advisory board of the Middle East Centre of the London School of Economics (LSE). The MBI Al Jaber Foundation is the main sponsor of the International Association for the Study of Arabia (formerly the British Foundation for the Study of Arabia), a UK Registered Charity which exists to promote research relating to the Arabian Peninsula. In 2003, MBI Al Jaber donated SR21 million to Dar Al-Hekma University for women in Jeddah. The MBI Al Jaber Foundation is a leading supporter of Connecting Cultures, an intercultural educational program that creates close ties and greater understanding between young people of varying backgrounds. Connecting Cultures has been cited by the UN Alliance of Civilisations as one of the world's leading civil society initiatives. MBI Al Jaber was co-founding patron of the Olive Tree Programme at City, University of London, which ran from 2004 to 2016. The programme brought Israeli and Palestinian students together to study in London.Olive Tree Alumni include Stav Shaffir, who became the youngest female Knesset member in Israel's history. In 2009, MBI Al Jaber was cited as a leading exponent of good philanthropic practices in the Centre for Social Cohesion's  publication, A Degree of Influence:
 MBI Al Jaber's personal views on philanthropy can be found in an interview in Philanthropy Age magazine. Capital projects supported by the MBI Al Jaber Foundation include the MBI Al Jaber Building
 at Corpus Christi College, University of Oxford; The MBI Al Jaber Grand Hall  at the University of Westminster; and to enable the relocation of the London Middle East Institute at SOAS amongst others. A donation to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine for their epidemiology research centre was announced in May 2020. The MBI Al Jaber Foundation works closely with UNESCO on a number of issues and projects, including: support for the Euro-Arab Dialogue Initiative; Educational reform in countries such as Algeria and Yemen; and the Kitab fi Jarida ‘a book in a newspaper’ project. In 2005, MBI Al Jaber was nominated by the UNESCO Director General as their personal representative for "education, human rights, tolerance, and cultures to build peace and democracy." Between 2013 and 2015 the MBI Al Jaber Foundation spent approx £1.2m; it spent £114,000 in 2016; and less than £40,000 in 2017.In 2013 the MBI Al Jaber Foundation launched a Media Training Institute in Sana'a, Yemen; with a view to promoting a free press, the institute offered free courses in all types of journalism and broadcasting. This and a number of other projects have currently been paused due to the ongoing volatility in the region. Recognition
<mask> holds the following honorary degrees and awards:
 the Project Aladdin 2017 Dialogue of Cultures Award (2017)
 an Honorary Senatorship from the MODUL University Vienna (2013)
 an Honorary Fellowship from UCL, London (2012)
 an Honorary Fellowship from Corpus Christi College, Oxford (2009)
 UN Spokesperson for Global Forums on Reinventing Government (2007)
 an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from City University, London (2004)
 an Honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Westminster (2004)
 an Honorary Fellowship of London University at the School of Oriental and African Studies (2002)
 UNESCO Special Envoy for Education, Tolerance, and Cultures to build peace and democracy (2004)
 the ALECSO Gold Medal, for his support of UNESCO projects aimed at promoting education, culture and scientific activities in the Arab World
 a Gold Medal of honour for special achievements in the economic and cross-cultural educational sectors of Vienna, presented by the Mayor of Vienna
 the Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) Gold Medal, in recognition of his efforts to promote coexistence and foster a culture of tolerance and dialogue in a bid to enhance international cooperation. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> <mask>r's Website
 Website of the MBI Al Jaber Foundation
 The MBI Alumni Association website
 The World's Billionaires 2009 - Forbes.com

20th-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
21st-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
1959 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of London
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Saudi Arabian billionaires
Saudi Arabian expatriates in France
Saudi Arabian emigrants to Austria
Saudi Arabian emigrants to the United Kingdom
British billionaires
Naturalised citizens of Austria
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Austrian billionaires
People from Jeddah

masks:
Mohamed bin Issa Al Jaber
Al Jabe
Al Jaber
Al Jaber
Al Jabe
Mohamed
Issa
Al Jaber
Al Jabe
Al
Al Jabe
Al Jabe
Mohamed bin
Issa
Al Jaber
Al Jabe
Al Jaber
Mohamed Bin
Issa
Al Jabe


title: Muhammed Bello

type: original

texts:
<mask> () was an Arab Fulani political and religious leader, who ruled as the second caliph of the Sokoto Caliphate, from 1817 until his death in 1837. He succeeded his father Usman dan Fodio, the founder and the first caliph of the Sokoto Caliphate. <mask> was also an active writer of history, poetry, and Islamic studies. During his reign, he encouraged the spread of Islam throughout the region, increasing education for both men and women, and the establishment of Islamic courts. He died on October 25, 1837, and was succeeded by his brother Abu Bakr Atiku and then his son, Aliyu Babba. Early life

He was born to a Torodbe family who are partly Arabs and partly Fulani as stated by Abdullahi dan Fodio, brother of Usman dan Fodio who claimed that their family are part Fulani, and part Arabs, they claimed to descent from the Arabs through Uqba ibn Nafi who was an Arab Muslim of the Umayyad branch of the Quraysh, and hence, a member of the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Uqba ibn Nafi allegedly married a Fulani woman called Bajjumangbu through which the Torodbe family of Usman dan Fodio descended. Caliph <mask> writing in his book Infaq al-Mansur claimed descent from Muhammad through his paternal grandmother's lineage called Hawwa (mother of Usman dan Fodio), Alhaji Muhammadu Junaidu, Wazirin Sokoto, a scholar of Fulani history, restated the claims of Shaykh Abdullahi bin Fodio in respect of the Danfodio family been part Arabs and part Fulani, while <mask> in his autobiography written after independence replicated Caliph's Muhammadu Bello claim of descent from the Arabs through Usman Danfodio's mother, the historical account indicates that the family of Shehu dan Fodio are partly Arabs and partly Fulani who culturally assimilated with the Hausas and can be described as Hausa-Fulani Arabs.Prior to the beginning of the 1804 Jihad the category Fulani was not important for the Torankawa (Torodbe), their literature reveals the ambivalence they had defining Torodbe-Fulani relationships. They adopted the language of the Fulbe and much ethos while maintaining a separate identity. The Toronkawa clan at first recruited members from all levels of Sūdānī society, particularly the poorer people. Toronkawa clerics included people whose origin was Fula, Wolof, Mande, Hausa and Berber. However, they spoke the Fula language, married into Fulbe families, and became the Fulbe scholarly caste. <mask> <mask> was born to the fourth wife of Usman dan Fodio, known as Hauwa or Inna Garka, in 1781  Similar to all his siblings, he was involved in studies directed by his father in Degel until the family and some followers were exiled in 1804. In 1809, <mask> was responsible for the founding of Sokoto which would become the key capital for his father's conquest of Hausa lands in the Fulani War (1804-1810).Many of his siblings dedicated significant time to scholastic efforts and became well known in this regard. Notable amongst these were his sister Nana Asma’u, a poet and teacher,  and Abu Bakr Atiku, who would become his successor as Sultan. Caliphate
Following the Fulani War, the Sokoto Caliphate was one of the largest states in Africa and included large populations of both Fulani and Hausa. Usman dan Fodio tried to largely suppress Hausa systems, including traditional leadership, education, and language. Usman retired from administration of the state in 1815 and put <mask> <mask> in charge of some of the western Emirates of the Caliphate. Bello Presided over this Emirates from the city of Wurno close to Sokoto. Upon the Death of Dan-Fodio, the Caliphate was thrown into disarray when the supporters of Bello encircled and sealed the gates of Sokoto, preventing other notable contenders to the office of Caliph ( including Bello's uncle Abdullahi Ibn Fodio ) from entering the city.The Caliphate eventually fractured into four Self-governing parts of which only the parts ruled by <mask>'s uncle; Abdullahi Ibn Fodio were to recognize and pay allegiance to Bello. Caliph <mask> faced early challenges from dissident leaders and the aristocracy of both Fulani and Hausa populations. In contrast with his father, his administration was more permissive of many Hausa systems that had existed prior to the caliphate. For Fulani populations, who had been largely pastoral prior to this point, Bello encourages permanent settlement around designed ribats with schools, mosques, fortifications, and other buildings. Although these moves ended much opposition, some dissident leaders such as 'Abd al-Salam and Dan Tunku continued to cause early resistance to his rule. Dan Tunku remained a significant dissident leader as the head of the Emirate of Kazaure. Although Dan Tunku had fought on the side of his father in the Fulani War, when <mask> named Ibrahim Dado the Emir of Kano in 1819, Dan Tunku organized oppositional forces in revolution.<mask> assisted Ibrahim Dado in defeating the forces of Dan Tunku and building significant fortresses throughout the region where Dan Tunku had drawn his power. After ending some early opposition, the Sultan focused on consolidating his administration throughout the empire with significant construction, settlement, and uniform systems of justice. One significant aspect that he expanded from his father was greatly expanded education of both men and women. His sister, Nana Asma’u, became a crucial part of expanding education to women becoming an important teacher and liaison to rural women to encourage education. During <mask>'s rule, El Hadj Umar Tall, future founder of the Toucouleur empire, settled in Sokoto on his return from Mecca in 1822. Umar Tall was greatly influenced by Sultan <mask> as evidenced by the praise Tall lavished upon the Sultan in his own writings. To affirm a permanent alliance, <mask> married one of his daughters to Hajj Umar  who remained in Sokoto as a judge (qadi), and as a commanding officer in the Sultan's infantry until <mask>'s death.Hugh Clapperton visited the court of <mask> in 1824 and wrote a lot about the generosity and intelligence of the Sultan. Clapperton was very impressed at the writing works by <mask> and his exhaustive knowledge regarding British exploration in India. In 1826, Clapperton returned for a second visit, but <mask> would not let him cross the border because of warfare with the Bornu Empire and Clapperton became ill and died. In 1836, the kingdom of Gobir revolted against Sokoto rule. Sultan <mask> <mask> gathered his forces and crushed the rebellion on 9 March 1836 at the Battle of Gawakuke. While ruling, he continued with significant educational pursuits, mainly history and poetry. His Infaku'l Maisuri (The Wages of the Fortunate) is often considered a definitive history of the Fulani Wars and his father's empire.He wrote hundreds of texts on history, Islamic studies, and poetry during his lifetime. He died of natural causes, at the age of 58, on October 25, 1837, in Wurno and was succeeded by his brother Abu Bakr Atiku as Sultan. References

External links
 Books by Bello

Sultans of Sokoto
1837 deaths
1781 births
18th-century Nigerian people
19th-century Nigerian people
18th-century rulers in Africa
Nigerian Sufi religious leaders
Dan Fodio family
Nigerian Fula people
Nigerian writers
Nigerian royalty
Nigerian Muslims
Nigerian Arabic writers
Nigerian Arabic poets
Nigerian people of Arab descent
African people of Arab descent
People of Arab descent
Fula people

masks:
Muhammad Bello
Bello
Muhammed Bello
Ahmadu Bello
Muhammed
Bello
Bello
Muhammed
Bello
Bello
Bello
Bello
Bello
Muhammad Bello
Muhammad Bello
Sultan Bello
Bello
Bello
Bello
Bello
Muhammed
Bello


title: Helen H. Gardener

texts:
<mask> (1853–1925), born Alice Chenoweth, was an American author, rationalist public intellectual, political activist, and government functionary. Gardener produced many lectures, articles, and books during the 1880s and 1890s and is remembered today for her role in the freethought and women's suffrage movements and for her place as a pioneering woman in the top echelon of the American civil service. Biography

Early years

Alice Chenoweth, best remembered by her pen name, <mask>, was born near Winchester, Virginia, on January 21, 1853. She was the youngest of six children born to Rev. Alfred Griffith Chenoweth, an Episcopalian minister who had become a Methodist circuit rider, and his wife, the former Katherine A. Peel. The Chenoweth family traced its American antecedents back to a certain Arthur Chenoweth who had arrived in the fledgling Province of Maryland in 1635 to receive a grant of land for honorable service to Lord Baltimore. The Chenoweth family subsequently made their way to Virginia, where Alice's father had inherited slaves.As objectors to the institution of slavery, the Chenoweths manumitted their slaves in 1853 over the existing legal obstacles to that course of action. The family moved to Washington, D.C. shortly thereafter. This was followed in 1855 by a move to Greencastle, Indiana. During the American Civil War, Chenoweth's father served the Federal cause, returning to the enemy state of Virginia to serve as a guide for Union troops there. Alice Chenoweth received an excellent education and showed an interest in and aptitude for science and sociology. She associated with older people as a girl and read extensively on serious themes. She studied with tutors and attended various local schools, moving to Cincinnati, Ohio in her late teen years, where she graduated high school.After leaving high school Chenoweth enrolled in the Cincinnati Normal School, from which she graduated in June 1873. Chenoweth worked as a schoolteacher for two years, giving up the profession (as was generally the case in the day) when she married in 1875. Her first husband, Charles Selden Smart, was nearly two decades her senior and served at the time as Ohio State School Commissioner. The couple moved to New York City in 1880, where Charles entered the insurance business while Alice attended biology courses at Columbia University, albeit not in pursuit of a degree. Chenoweth-Smart also lectured on sociology as part of the adult education program at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences and tried her hand at writing for local newspapers under a variety of masculine pseudonyms. Literary career
During her first years in New York City Chenoweth-Smart made the acquaintance of Robert G. Ingersoll, the leading  rationalist orator of the day. At Ingersoll's persistent request in January 1884 Alice Chenoweth-Smart began herself to deliver a series of public lectures, talks dealing with such skeptical themes as "Men, Women, and Gods," "Historical Facts and Theological Fictions," "By Divine Right," and "Rome or Reason."Many of these were collected into her first book, Men, Women, and Gods, and Other Lectures, which was issued in hard covers by the radical freethought publication, The Truth Seeker. Chenoweth-Smart published this book under the pen name "<mask> <mask>" — a pseudonym which she would use professionally for the rest of her life, eventually adopting this as her own legal name. A number of short stories and essays by Gardener followed over the second half of the 1880s, pieces which were published in a number of leading magazines of the day. Throughout the period, Gardener's interest in feminism grew. Gardener's initial public lectures attempted particularly to demonstrate a linkage between Christianity and the subjugation of women and in 1887 the published views of former Surgeon General of the United States William A<mask> attesting a neurological basis for female inferiority moved Gardener to even greater concern with the topic. Gardener began working with neurologist Edward C. Spitzka to refute <mask>'s thesis of inherent inferiority of the female brain. Gardener ultimately produced a paper entitled "Sex in Brain" that was read to the 1888 convention of the International Council of Women in Washington, DC.In this work, Gardener argued that no connection between brain weight and intellectual capacity had been established and challenged <mask>'s methodology of comparing the prized specimen brains of leading men with those of indigent women. Gardener emerged from the <mask> controversy as a leading public speaker for women's rights. In 1893 she would deliver three more scholarly papers on feminist themes to the Congress of Representative Women held in Chicago in conjunction with the World's Columbian Exposition. During the early 1890s, Gardener emerged as a novelist. A pair of books were written which together dealt with the theme of the double standard of morality between the sexes — Is This Your Son, My Lord? (1891) and Pray You Sir, Whose Daughter? Both were published by a leading liberal political magazine of the day, The Arena.Is This Your Son, My Lord? was sharply critical of the low age of consent then in force and the ruin of innocence by the lustful desires of outwardly respectable men. The book sold an impressive 25,000 copies in its first five months after publication and elicited shocked commentary from critics and readers alike. In 1894, Gardener published a slightly fictionalized account of her father's life entitled An Unofficial Patriot. The book's protagonist, patterned after her father, represented a positive male character at variance with those which dominated Gardener's earlier books. The book was critically well received and served as the basis for an 1899 play by playwright James A<mask>, The Reverend Griffith Davenport.. Political career

In 1907, Gardener returned to Washington, D.C., where she took up the suffrage cause.In 1913 she was appointed a position to the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, becoming, six years later, its vice-chairwoman; she was elected as one of NAWSA's vice-presidents as chief liaison under the Woodrow Wilson administration, in 1917. In 1920, Wilson appointed her to the United States Civil Service Commission, the first woman to occupy such a high federal position. Death and legacy

Gardener died in July 1925 in Washington, D.C. of chronic myocarditis. Keeping with her interest in the topic, Gardener's brain was donated for scientific study before her body was cremated and its ashes interred at Arlington National Cemetery beside the grave of her second husband. Gardener's papers are housed at the Schlesinger Library of Harvard University at Cambridge, Massachusetts as part of its Woman's Rights Collection. An online finding aid of this material, which is encompassed in eight archival folders, is available. This material has been microfilmed by University Publications of America.Gardener's brain is part of the Wilder Brain Collection at Cornell University. Footnotes

Works
 Men, Women, and Gods, and Other Lectures. Introduction by Robert G. Ingersoll. New York: The Truth Seeker Company, 1885. "Sex in Brain," paper delivered to the International Council of Women, 1888. A Thoughtless Yes. New York: R.F.Fenno and Company, 1890. Pushed by Unseen Hands. New York: R.F. Fenno and Company, 1890. Is This Your Son, My Lord? A Novel (1891). Boston: Arena Publishing Company, 1894.Pray You Sir, Whose Daughter? Boston: Arena Publishing Company, 1892. Pulpit, Pew, and Cradle. New York: The Truth Seeker Company, 1892. Facts and Fictions of Life. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Co., 1893. An Unofficial Patriot.Boston: Arena Publishing Company, 1894. "Philosophers Afloat," The Arena, August 1895, pp. 480–485. Have Children a Right to Legal Protection? Boston: Arena Publishing Company, 1896. Plain Talk: A Pamphlet on the Population Question and the Moral Responsibility of Woman in Maternity. Chicago: G.E.Wilson, n.d.
 Woman Suffrage, Which Way? New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., n.d. [c. 1915]

Further reading
 <mask>lin, Kimberly A. Free Thinker: Sex, Suffrage, and the Extraordinary Life of <mask> Gardener. W. W. Norton & Company, 2020. External links

 Papers in the Woman's Rights Collection, 1913-1941. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. "Positive Atheism's Big List of Quotations: <mask><mask> (1853-1925)," www.positiveatheism.org/
 Eulogy for Gardener given by Carrie Chapman Catt, July 28, 1925

1853 births
1925 deaths
People from Winchester, Virginia
Writers from Washington, D.C.
Rationalism
American atheists
American women writers
American feminists
American suffragists
Freethought writers

masks:
Helen Hamilton Gardener
Helen Hamilton Gardener
Helen Hamilton
Gardener
. Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
. Herne
Ham
Helen Hamilton
Helen H
. Gardener


title: John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland

texts:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1636 – 19 March 1717), son of Sir <mask> of Glen Orchy, and of the Lady Mary Graham, daughter of William Graham, 1st Earl of Airth and 7th Earl of Menteith, was a member of Scottish nobility during the Glorious Revolution and Jacobite risings and also known as "Slippery <mask>". An astutely political man, Campbell was one of the men implicated in the Massacre of Glencoe. Biography
He took part in the abortive royalist uprising under Glencairn in 1654, and was one of those who urged Monck to declare a free parliament in England to facilitate the restoration. He sat in the Scottish parliament as member for Argyllshire from 1669 to 1674. In October 1672, as principal creditor to George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness, he obtained the inheritance of his lands and properties. After the 6th Earl's death without heirs; he became Earl of Caithness and Viscount of Breadalbane. In 1678 he married the former Earl's widow, Mary Campbell, the Countess of Caithness, an economical step which saved him his obligation to pay her 12,000 marks a year.In 1680 he invaded Caithness with a band of 800 men and defeated and dispossessed the contingent of the Sinclairs at the Battle of Altimarlach. The natural heir, a younger son of the fifth earl however, was subsequently confirmed in his lands and titles by the Parliament of Scotland, so on 13 August 1681, Campbell obtained a new patent which made him Earl of Breadalbane and Holland, Viscount of Tay and Paintland, and Lord Glenorchy, Benederloch, Ormelie and Wick, in the Peerage of Scotland, with special power to nominate his successor from among the sons of his first wife. In 1685 he became a member of the Scottish privy council. Though nominally a Presbyterian he had assisted the intolerant and despotic government of the Duke of Lauderdale in 1678 with 1700 men. He was reputed to own the best wig in Scotland and his influence, owing to his position and abilities, was greater than that of any man in Scotland other than his cousin, the Duke of Argyll, a relationship that irked him and led to his continuous political manoeuvering to improve his lot. It was important that William III obtained his services in conciliating the Highlanders. Breadalbane at first carried on communications with Dundee and was implicated in the Jacobite intrigue called the Montgomery plot, but after the battle of Killiecrankie in July 1689 he made overtures to the government, subsequently took the oath of allegiance, and was entrusted with a large sum of money by the government to secure the submission of the clans.On 30 June 1691 he met the Jacobite chiefs; he persuaded them to refrain from acts of hostility till October, gaining their consent by threats and promises rather than by the distribution of the money, which, it was believed, he retained himself. When asked to give an account of the expenditure to parliament, he replied
"The money is spent, the Highlands are quiet, and this is the only way of accounting between friends." Breadalbane had a reputation for double-dealing which led to a lasting belief that he had a direct hand in the Massacre of the Macdonalds of Glen Coe in February 1692. In reality he was one of the few men to recognize the political damage the episode caused in the Highlands. However, the discovery of his negotiations with the Jacobite chiefs caused his imprisonment in Edinburgh Castle in September, but he was released when it was known that he had been acting with William's knowledge. Breadalbane did not vote for the Union in 1707, but was chosen a representative peer in the parliament of Great Britain of 1713–1715. His cooperation with the English government in securing the temporary submission of the Highlands was inspired by no real loyalty or allegiance, and he encouraged the attempted French dissent of 1708, refusing, however, to commit himself to paper.On the occasion of the Jacobite rising in 1715 he excused himself on 19 September from obeying the summons to appear at Edinburgh on the ground of his age and infirmity, but nevertheless the next day visited Jacobite camps at Logierait and Perth, his real business being, according to the Master of Sinclair:

"to trick others, not to be trickt, and to obtain a share of the French subsidies". He had taken money to provide 1200 men to the uprising, and only sent 300. His 300 men were withdrawn after the Battle of Sheriffmuir, and his death, on 19 March 1717, removed the need for an inquiry into his conduct. Marriage and family

He married Lady Mary Rich, daughter of Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland and his wife Isabel Cope on 17 Dec 1657, with whom he had two sons, Duncan, styled Lord Ormelie (d. 1727), who was passed over in the succession 1685 due to his "mental incapacity", and <mask>, 2nd Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1662-1752). He married secondly 1678 Mary Campbell, widow of George Sinclair, the 6th Earl of Caithness, and daughter of Lady Margaret Douglas and Archibald Campbell, 1st Marquess of Argyll. By his second wife, he had a third son, Colin (d. 1708), who was the presumed ancestor (via an illegitimate son) of Sir Lachlan Campbell, one of the present contestants for the title of Earl of Breadalbane and Holland. He also had an illegitimate daughter, Mary Campbell (d. 1725), wife of Sir Archibald Cockburn, advocate, and mother of Sir <mask> of Langton, 7th Bt.Lord Breadalbane died on 19 Mar 1717. References

Bibliography

thepeerage Accessed 26 July 2008
Calder, James Traill, History of Caithness at  Accessed 12 November 2007
Lee, Henry James. History of the Campbell Family. New York: Polk, 1920.googlebooks Retrieved 2 March 2009
Macky, <mask>, and <mask> Gray. Memoirs of the Secret Services of <mask>, Esq., During the Reigns of King William, Queen Anne, and King George I: Including, Also, the True Secret History of the Rise, Promotions, &C. of the English and Scots Nobility; Officers, Civil, Military, Naval, and Other Persons of Distinction, from the Revolution ; In Their Respective Characters of Large. London: 1733. (Reprinted by the Roxburghe Club in 1895.)Sir Walter Scott. Tales of a grandfather. Edinburgh: Cadell, 1831. Note by Sir W. Scott in Sinclairs Mew of Insurrection in Scotland (Abbotsford Club. 1868). Sinclair, Catherine . Scotland and the Scotch Or, The Western Circuit.Dedicated to the Highland Society. New York: D. Appleton, 1840. Sinclair, <mask>. Memoirs of the insurrection in Scotland in 1715 / <mask>, Master of Sinclair, from the original manuscript in the possession of the Earl of Rosslyn ; with notes by Sir Walter Scott. Edinburgh : Abbotsford Club, 1858. Spence, Elizabeth Isabella . Letters from the North Highlands, During the Summer 1816.London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1817. Wilson, <mask>, and Thomas Maclauchlan. A History of the Scottish Highlands, Highland Clans and Highland Regiments. Edinburgh: Fullarton, 1875. (pp. 187–88) googlebooks Retrieved 25 July 2008

External links
electricscotland

1636 births
1717 deaths
1
Peers of Scotland created by Charles II
Scottish representative peers
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Commissioners of the Treasury of Scotland
Shire Commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland

masks:
John Campbell
John Campbell
John
John Campbell
Alexander Cockburn
John
John Miller
John Macky
John
John
John


title: Matthew Davidson

texts:
<mask> is an American guitarist, singer and songwriter originally from Shreveport, Louisiana and now based in Nashville, TN. He is currently touring with Travis Denning. He has performed at the Grand Ole Opry, on Today with Hoda and Jenna, and on Broadway in downtown Nashville at venues such as Dierks Whiskey Row, The Stage, Legends Corner, Second Fiddle, Jason Aldean's, and Luke Bryan's 32 Bridge. He graduated in 2020 from Belmont University with a Bachelor of Music in Commercial Guitar. <mask> has played guitar for supporting artists opening for Walker Hayes and Willie Nelson. Awards and experience

<mask> was the winner of the 2011 Robert Johnson Blues Foundation/Gibson Guitar New Generation Award. <mask>'s debut EP "Step Up" was released in 2012 and produced by bassist Joe Osborn.It was followed by his 2014 EP "Cross My Heart". <mask> was nominated for "2012 Best Emerging Artist" by OffBeat (music magazine) in New Orleans in their annual "Best of the Beat" Awards. <mask> performed as a guest soloist with The Shreveport Symphony Orchestra in May, 2015. <mask>’s original song “Read My Mind” was selected as a semi-finalist in the 2014 International Songwriting Competition. <mask> and his band opened for Austin Mahone in 2014,  Fifth Harmony in 2015 and Rachel Platten in 2016. Photographer Robert M. Knight invited <mask> to join “The Brotherhood of the Guitar” (BOTG). The BOTG is a project launched by Knight and sponsored by Ernie Ball.The BOTG’s purpose is to shine a spotlight on a select group of unsigned up-and-coming young guitar players from around the world. <mask> was the featured BOTG member in the Sept. 2013 issue of "At:Guitar Center" magazine. <mask> was selected by The Grammy Foundation to attend both 2014 and 2015 Grammy Camp in Nashville, TN hosted by Belmont University. The camp offered high school students a week-long immersive music experience, focusing on all aspects of commercial music and taught by industry professionals Applicants were selected based on submissions of performance and interview videos. In 2013, he placed in the Top 10 in an international guitar contest sponsored by Capitol Records and The Beach Boys. <mask> won his first electric guitar in the 2007 James Burton Guitar Showdown. He was the youngest of eight student guitarists selected to play with Kenny Wayne Shepherd at his 2009 Artbreak Concert.He has played at the B.B. King Museum and the B.B. King Homecoming Concert in Indianola, MS and the Delta Blues Fest in Greenville, MS, where in addition to his own set, he sat in with Honeyboy Edwards for a few songs. <mask> has played at the Pinetop Perkins Homecoming Celebration and the famous Ground Zero (blues club) in Clarksdale, MS. <mask> performed at the Dallas International Guitar Festival and in the Youth Showcase at the 2011 International Blues Challenge in Memphis, TN, jamming at the B. B. King Blues Club while he was there. Other venues where <mask> has performed are The Strand Theatre (Shreveport, Louisiana), Temple Theater (Meridian, Mississippi), The Ellis Marsalis Center in the Musicians' Village, New Orleans Mint in New Orleans, LA and the Shreveport Municipal Memorial Auditorium, home of the famed Louisiana Hayride.In 2013, <mask> was invited to join Kenny Wayne Shepherd on stage at the 59Twenty Music Festival in Meridian, MS.

<mask> was selected out of several hundred applicants to be the guitarist for the 2011 Kidd Kraddick Rock Camp Band. As part of this camp, <mask> had the opportunity to perform live on the air on the nationally syndicated radio show "Kidd Kraddick in the Morning". <mask> has had the honor of sharing the stage with Joe Osborn, Jerry Beach, Brady Blade, and Patrick Stump from Fall Out Boy. <mask>'s musical taste was largely acquired from listening to his dad's CD collection of music by The Beatles, Eric Clapton, Stevie Ray Vaughan, John Mayer and Creedence Clearwater Revival. Early career performances

The Matthew Davidson Band made their debut on June 25, 2010. They played at The James Burton International Guitar Festival, the State Fair of Louisiana, Independence Stadium, the Krewe of Centaur Parade, the Natchitoches Jazz/R&B Festival, Holiday in Dixie, AlleyFest in Longview, TX, Fort Worth Mayfest, Grapefest in Grapevine, TX, The T-Bone Walker Blues Fest in Linden, TX, Crossroads Music Company in Winnsboro, TX and the KTBS 3 Independence Day Festival. They were honored to be selected as the Grand Marshals of the Krewe of Aesclepius Mardi Gras Parade.The <mask> Band performed at the Dallas House of Blues, the Hard Rock Cafe in Dallas, on Red River Radio and headlined the Mississippi Blues Marathon in Jackson, MS. They performed at the 2011 King Biscuit Blues Festival in Helena, AR, the 2012 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival, the 2012 Natchitoches Christmas Festival, the 2013 Baton Rouge FestForAll and the 2013 Louisiana Seafood Festival in New Orleans. Independent albums

References

 "<mask> Plays Guitar for Travis Denning's Performance on Today with Hoda and Jenna" -  Belmont University News - March 11,2020
 "Former Fleetwood Mac Member Bob Welch Celebrated in Musicians Hall of Fame Exhibit" -  Belmont University News - August 27,2018
 "Young Entrepreneur Spotlight: <mask>" -  National Federation of Independent Business - August 30,2016
 "Love for music leads to scholarship for local student" - Kevin Connelly, The Shreveport Times - April 26,2016
 "Radio Segment Congratulating <mask> for opening for Fifth Harmony" - K945.com by Jay Whatley - July 27,2015
 "Shreveporter <mask> Opened for Fifth Harmony" - K945.com by Jay Whatley - July 27,2015
 "Grammy Foundation Selects Students for Grammy Camp Nashville" - Grammy.org - May 14,2015
 "What Makes a Prodigy?" 12, 2012
 "<mask> is THE Man - Blue Star Connection Donates Instruments to Sutton Children's Hospital" -K945.com - Mar.

masks:
Matthew Davidson
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew
Matthew Davidson
Davidson
Matthew Davidson
Matthew
Matthew Davidson
Matthew Davidson


title: Eugene Genovese

texts:
<mask> (May 19, 1930 – September 26, 2012) was an American historian of the American South and American slavery. He was noted for bringing a Marxist perspective to the study of power, class and relations between planters and slaves in the South. His book Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made won the Bancroft Prize. He later abandoned the left and Marxism and embraced traditionalist conservatism. He wrote during the Cold War and his political beliefs, at the time, were considered highly controversial. Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 19, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York. His father was an immigrant dockworker and <mask> was raised in a working-class Italian American family.In 1945, at the age of 15, he joined the Communist Party USA, and was active in the youth movement until he was expelled in 1950, at the age of 20, for disregarding party discipline or, as he said, "for having zigged when [he] was supposed to zag." He earned his Bachelor of Arts from Brooklyn College in 1953 and his Master of Arts in 1955 and a Ph.D. in history in 1959, both from Columbia University. He taught at another dozen universities, including Yale, Cambridge and Rutgers. He was later discharged from army service for his communist leanings, and despite these experiences, he remained a Marxist thinker until the 1980s. Career
Genovese first taught at Brooklyn's Polytechnic Institute from 1958 to 1963. During the early years of the Vietnam War, when there was a growing range of opinions about the war and the Civil Rights Movement, he was a controversial figure as a history professor at Rutgers University (1963–67), and at the University of Rochester (1969–86), where he was elected chairman of the Department of History. From 1986, Genovese taught part-time at the College of William and Mary, Georgia Institute of Technology, University of Georgia, Emory University and Georgia State University.He was an editor of Studies on the Left and Marxist Perspectives. He was famous for his disputes with colleagues left, right and center. Defeating Oscar Handlin in 1978, he was elected as the first Marxist president of the Organization of American Historians. In 1998, after moving to the right in his thinking, Genovese founded The Historical Society, with the goal of bringing together historians united by a traditional methodology. Controversy during the Vietnam war
At an April 23, 1965, teach-in at Rutgers University where he was teaching, Genovese stated, "Those of you who know me know that I am a Marxist and a Socialist. Therefore, unlike most of my distinguished colleagues here this morning, I do not fear or regret the impending Viet Cong victory in Vietnam. I welcome it."This comment was widely reported and generated a backlash of criticism. Politicians questioned Genovese's judgment and sensitivity to the responsibility inherent in being a Rutgers professor. Richard M. Nixon, then out of office and living in New York, denounced him, and the Republican candidate for governor of New Jersey, Wayne Dumont, challenging Governor Richard J. Hughes, used Genovese's statement as a campaign issue, demanding that Hughes dismiss Genovese from the state university. Bumper stickers saying "Rid Rutgers of Reds" popped up on cars across the state. Genovese insisted that he did not mean to say that he hoped American servicemen would be killed. No state laws or university regulations had been broken, and Genovese was supported by fellow faculty members on grounds of academic freedom. He was not dismissed from his teaching position.Rutgers President Mason Gross refused to re-examine the university's position, and Dumont lost to Governor Hughes. President Gross' defense of academic freedom was honored by the American Association of University Professors, who presented him and Rutgers with its Alexander Meiklejohn Award in 1966. Genovese moved to Canada and taught at Sir George Williams University in Montreal (1967–69). In 1968, Genovese signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. At the 1969 convention of the American Historical Association, radical historians Staughton Lynd and Arthur Waskow, speaking on behalf of the Radical Caucus, introduced and later withdrew a resolution demanding an end to not only to the war in Vietnam but also to an “immediate end of all harassment of the Black Panther Party”. A substitute resolution introduced by the radical scholar Blanche W. Cook "deplored and condemned" the war and urged withdrawal of all American troops. It was Cook's resolution that eventually came to a vote.During the discussion on the resolution, Genovese gave a speech, saying that although he opposed the Vietnam war, if the radicals' resolution passed, the bulk of historians in the AHA, who favored the war, would be forced to resign from the group. Noting that the majority of Americans also supported the war, Genovese said that those citizens were as moral and deserving of being heard as the war's opponents. The Radical Caucus, he said, were a bunch of "totalitarians." Genovese ended his speech by saying that the time had come for historians to isolate and defeat the New Left and "put them down, put them down hard, once and for all." When the vote was finally taken, the resolution lost, 647 to 611. Slavery studies
In 1968, Genovese wrote a critical historiography of the major studies of slavery in the Americas from a hemispheric perspective. He considered the demand by Marxist anthropologist Marvin Harris in The Nature of Cultural Things (1964) for a materialist alternative to the idealistic framework of Frank Tannenbaum, Stanley Elkins, Gilberto Freyre, and others.Tannenbaum had first introduced the hemispheric perspective by showing that the current status of blacks in various societies of the Western Hemisphere had roots in the attitude toward the black as a slave, which reflected the total religious, legal, and moral history of the enslaving whites. Tannenbaum ignored the material foundations of slave society, most particularly class relations. Later students have qualified his perspectives but have worked within the framework of an "idealistic" interpretation. Harris, on the other hand, insisted that material conditions determined social relations and necessarily prevailed over counter-tendencies in the historical tradition. Harris' work revealed him to be an economic determinist and, as such, ahistorical. By attempting to construct a materialism that bypassed ideological and psychological elements in the formation of social classes, he passed into a "variant of vulgar Marxism" and offered only soulless mechanism. In the 1960s, Genovese in his Marxist stage depicted the masters of the slaves as part of a "seigneurial" society that was anti-modern, pre-bourgeois and pre-capitalist.In 1970, Stampp reviewing <mask>'s The World the Slaveholders Made (1969) found fault with the quantity and quality of the evidence used to support the book's arguments. He took issue with the attempt to apply a Marxian interpretation to the Southern slave system. In his best-known book, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (1974), Genovese examined the society of the slaves. This book won the Bancroft Prize in 1975. Genovese viewed the antebellum South as a closed and organically united paternalist society that exploited and attempted to dehumanize the slaves. Genovese paid close attention to the role of religion as a form of resistance in the daily life of the slaves, because slaves used it to claim a sense of humanity. He redefined resistance to slavery as all efforts by which slaves rejected their status as slaves, including their religion, music, and the culture they built, as well as work slowdowns, periodic disappearances, and escapes and open rebellions.Genovese applied Antonio Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony to the slave South. As Dennis Dworkin expresses it, "Like [E.P.] Thompson... Genovese deployed Gramsci's ideas. For Genovese, the slaveholding society of the Old South was rooted in exploitative class relationships, but most important was the cultural hegemony of slaveholders, their paternalistic ideology establishing both the potential and limits for a semiautonomous slave culture of resistance." Genovese placed paternalism at the center of the master-slave relationship. Both masters and slaves embraced paternalism but for different reasons and with varying notions of what paternalism meant. For the slaveowners, paternalism allowed them to think of themselves as benevolent and to justify their appropriation of their slaves' labor.Paternalist ideology, they believed, also gave the institution of slavery a more benign face and helped deflate the increasingly strong abolitionist critique of the institution. Slaves, on the other hand, recognized that paternalist ideology could be twisted to suit their own ends by providing them with improved living and working conditions. Slaves struggled mightily to convert the benevolent "gifts" or "privileges" bestowed upon them by their masters into customary rights that masters would not violate. The reciprocity of paternalism could work to the slaves' advantage by allowing them to demand more humane treatment from their masters. Religion was an important theme in Roll, Jordan, Roll and other studies. Genovese noted that Evangelicals recognized slavery as the root of Southern ills and sought some reforms, but from the early decades of the early nineteenth century, they abandoned arguing for abolition or substantial change of the system. Genovese's contention was that after 1830, southern Christianity became part of social control of the slaves.He also argued that the slaves' religion was not conducive to millenarianism or a revolutionary political tradition. Rather, it helped them survive and resist. King (1979) argued that Genovese incorporated the theoretical concepts of certain 20th-century revisionist Marxists, especially the ideas of Antonio Gramsci and his construct of hegemony. Genovese's analysis of slavery, the blacks, and the American South elicited criticisms of various portions of his work, but historians agreed on the importance of his contributions. Areas of criticism included Genovese's placing of the master-slave relationship at the center of his interpretation of the American South, his views on southern white guilt over slavery, his employment of Gramsci's construct of hegemony, and his interpretations of southern white class interests, slave religion, the strength of the slave family, the existence of slave culture, and the theory of the generation of black nationalism in the antebellum years. In his 1979 book From Rebellion to Revolution, Genovese depicted a change in slave rebellions from attempts to win freedom to an effort to overthrow slavery as a social system. In the 1983 book that he co-wrote with his wife, The Fruits of Merchant Capital, Genovese underscored what he regarded as tensions between bourgeois property and slavery.In the view of the Genoveses, slavery was a "hybrid system" that was both pre-capitalist and capitalist. Shift to the right
Starting in the 1990s, Genovese turned his attention to the history of conservatism in the South, a tradition which he came to adopt and celebrate. In his study, The Southern Tradition: the Achievements and Limitations of an American Conservatism, he examined the Southern Agrarians. In the 1930s, these critics and poets collectively wrote I'll Take My Stand, their critique of Enlightenment humanism. He concluded that by recognizing human sinfulness and limitation, the critics more accurately described human nature than did other thinkers. He argued that the Southern Agrarians also posed a challenge to modern American conservatives who believe in market capitalism's compatibility with traditional social values and family structures. Genovese agreed with the Agrarians in concluding that capitalism destroyed those institutions.In his personal views, Genovese moved to the right. While he once denounced liberalism from a radical left perspective, he now did so as a traditionalist conservative. His change in thinking included abandoning atheism and re-embracing Catholicism, the faith in which he had been raised, in December 1996. His wife, historian Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, had also shifted her thinking and converted to Catholicism. Marriage and family
In 1969, Genovese married Elizabeth Fox (died 2007), a historian. In 2008, he published a tribute to her, Miss Betsey: A Memoir of Marriage. Genovese died in 2012, aged 82, from a "worsening cardiac ailment" in Atlanta, Georgia.Publications

   Winner of the Bancroft Prize in History. (with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese)

  (With Elizabeth Fox-Genovese)

  (with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese)

 . Fatal Self-Deception: Slaveholding Paternalism in the Old South, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011 (with Elizabeth Fox-Genovese)
 The Sweetness of Life: Southern Planters at Home, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017 (edited by Douglas Ambrose)

Notes

Bibliography
 Baca, George. (2012). "<mask>ovese and a Dialectical Anthropology." Dialectical Anthropology, 36:245-262.
 .
 .
 .

 ; full text in Jstor.
 .
 Lichtenstein, Alex (1997). ″Right Church, Wrong Pew: <mask>ovese & Southern Conservatism″.New Politics, Vol. 6, No. 3 (New Series), Whole No. 23 (Summer 1997). .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 . External links
 Mark Noll on <mask>ovese and Henry May

1930 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American historians
21st-century American historians
Activists from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers
American Marxist historians
American tax resisters
American writers of Italian descent
Brooklyn College alumni
Catholics from New York (state)
Columbia University alumni
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
Former Marxists
Historians of slavery
Historians of the Southern United States
Historians of the United States
People from Brooklyn
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Rutgers University faculty
Bancroft Prize winners
Historians from New York (state)

masks:
Eugene Dominic Genovese
Genovese
Eugene
Genovese
Eugene Gen
Eugene Gen
Eugene Gen


title: Virgil van Dijk

texts:
<mask> (born 8 July 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for  club Liverpool and the Netherlands national team. Considered one of the best defenders in the world, <mask> is known for his strength, leadership and aerial ability. He is the only defender to win UEFA Men's Player of the Year, and has finished runner-up for the Ballon d'Or and Best FIFA Men's Player. After beginning his professional career with Groningen, <mask> moved to Celtic in 2013, where he won the Scottish Premiership and was named in the PFA Scotland Team of the Year in both of his seasons with the club, also winning the Scottish League Cup in the latter. In 2015, he joined Southampton before signing for Liverpool in January 2018 for £75 million, a then-world-record transfer fee for a defender. With Liverpool, <mask> reached back-to-back UEFA Champions League finals in 2018 and 2019, winning the latter. He was also named PFA Players' Player of the Year and the Premier League Player of the Season in his first full season.<mask> later won the FIFA Club World Cup and UEFA Super Cup, and helped end the club's 30-year league title drought by winning the 2019–20 Premier League. <mask> is a former youth international for the Netherlands, representing his country at under-19 and under-21 levels. He made his senior international debut for the Netherlands in 2015 and assumed full captaincy of the national team in March 2018. The following year, <mask> captained the Netherlands to the final of the inaugural UEFA Nations League, where they finished runners-up. Early life
<mask> was born in Breda to a Dutch father and a Surinamese mother. Growing up he would play football wherever he could – on the streets, in concrete cages, and eventually Saturday morning matches. He combined his time playing at the Willem II academy with a part-time job as a dishwasher.Having previously and unsuccessfully featured as a right-back, <mask> was shifted into a central defensive position in 2008, aged 17, after he grew in height by around 18 centimetres. Despite the positional shift and <mask>'s physical growth, Willem II's reserve manager at the time Edwin Hermans believed he had "too many limitations" which prevented him from breaking into the first team. In 2010, he was scouted by former Dutch international Martin Koeman, who was working for FC Groningen at the time, and he ended up completing a free transfer to the club in the same year. Club career

Groningen
Van Dijk initially struggled to break into Groningen's first team with club staff believing he was "overtired" after extensive playing time with Willem II's academy and reserve sides. He made his professional debut for the club on 1 May 2011, coming on as a 72nd-minute substitute for Petter Andersson during a 4–2 victory against ADO Den Haag. On 29 May, and against the same opposition, he made his first start for Groningen and scored his first professional goals, netting twice in a 5–1 win in a UEFA Europa League play-off match. During the 2011–12 Eredivisie season, <mask> made 23 league appearances for the Eredivisie team, and scored his first regular-season goal during the club's 6–0 victory over Feyenoord on 30 October 2011.He suffered a personal setback during the campaign, however, as soon after his 20th birthday he was admitted to hospital with peritonitis and kidney poisoning. <mask> later revealed that he had been close to dying as a result of the medical emergency and that the hospital had even gone so far as to ask him to sign a "sort of will" in the event of his passing. He did, however, return to Groningen and continued to impress the following season. At the end of the campaign, and with <mask> having "outgrown" the club, he was offered to a number of bigger Eredivisie clubs, including Ajax, all of which elected not to sign him. Celtic

2013–14 season
On 21 June 2013, <mask> signed with Celtic for a fee of around £2.6 million, on a four-year deal including a 10% selling-on fee for Groningen. He made his debut on 17 August, replacing Efe Ambrose for the final 13 minutes of a 2–0 Scottish Premiership win over Aberdeen at Pittodrie Stadium. A week later, he made his first start, in a 2–2 draw with Inverness Caledonian Thistle at Celtic Park.On 9 November, <mask> scored his first Celtic goals, heading one in each half of a 4–1 win against Ross County. After a solo run, he scored the only goal of a victory over St Johnstone on 26 December. <mask> scored again on 26 January 2014, in a 4–0 win versus Hibernian for Celtic's 11th consecutive league win. On 25 February, he was sent off after 13 minutes of an eventual 2–1 loss at Aberdeen, for a professional foul on Peter Pawlett; it was Celtic's first defeat of the season. With Celtic having already won the league, <mask> netted again on 7 May to put his team 3–1 up away to St Johnstone, in an eventual 3–3 draw. He was one of three Celtic players named in the PFA Scotland Team of the Year. <mask> was nominated for the PFA Scotland Players' Player of the Year award, but lost out to fellow Celtic player Kris Commons.2014–15 season

On 22 July 2014, <mask> and Teemu Pukki each scored twice in a 4–0 home win over KR in a UEFA Champions League qualifier, putting their team into the next round 5–0 on aggregate. His first goal of the Premiership season came on 9 November, finishing from Stefan Johansen's last-minute corner for a 2–1 win at Aberdeen. Three weeks later, <mask> scored the first and last goals of Celtic's 4–0 win versus Heart of Midlothian in the fourth round of the Scottish Cup. Four days after that, his sixth goal of the season was enough for victory in a home match against Glasgow neighbours Partick Thistle. <mask> was again on target on 21 January 2015, opening a 4–0 home win over Motherwell. On 26 February, he was sent off in the 36th minute against Inter Milan for a foul on Mauro Icardi, as Celtic lost 1–0 on the night, 4–3 on aggregate in the last 32 of the UEFA Europa League. He was again sent off on 8 March in the Cup quarter-final away to Dundee United at Tannadice Park, receiving a red card after eleven minutes for a confrontation with Calum Butcher.His suspension for the following week's Scottish League Cup Final was overturned on appeal, as was that of Paul Paton, who was sent off when mistaken for Butcher. <mask> played the full 90 minutes of the final at Hampden Park, which Celtic won 2–0. On 18 March, Celtic's third consecutive match against Dundee United, <mask> scored in the last minute to confirm a 4–0 win in a Cup replay. On 19 April, Celtic contested the Cup semi-final against Inverness at Hampden, and <mask> opened the scoring with a free kick. After the dismissal of goalkeeper Craig Gordon, Celtic fell 3–2, ending their chance of a treble. Three days later, again from a free kick, he confirmed a 2–1 win away to Dundee. His team again won the league, and <mask> was included in the league's Team of the Season for the second consecutive campaign.He was again shortlisted for the PFA Scotland Players' Player award, but lost out to another teammate, this time Stefan Johansen. <mask> was reportedly "considering his future" in Glasgow after Celtic were knocked out of the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League in the qualifying rounds to Malmö of Sweden. Southampton

2015–16 season
On 1 September 2015, <mask> signed a five-year contract with Premier League club Southampton, managed by Ronald Koeman, for a reported £13 million transfer fee. He made his debut for Southampton on 12 September in a 0–0 draw against West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns. Two weeks later, <mask> marked his third Premier League appearance with his first goal for the club, which came in the form of a header in the 11th minute to put Southampton in front, following a set-piece from James Ward-Prowse in a 3–1 home win over Swansea City. On 7 May 2016, <mask> signed a new six-year contract with the Saints. 2016–17 season
On 22 January 2017, he was named team captain of Southampton, after the departure of José Fonte.On the same day, he suffered an ankle injury against Leicester City. This ruled him out of the 2017 EFL Cup Final, which Southampton lost to Manchester United at Wembley Stadium. After a successful 2016–17 season at Southampton, <mask> was subject to interest from Liverpool, who apologised to Southampton for an illegal approach for the player after having reportedly made clear his interest in a move to Liverpool. On 7 August 2017, <mask> handed in a transfer request to Southampton and released a statement along with it, emphasising his wish to join a different club in the transfer window. 2017–18 season
<mask> remained with Southampton for the start of the 2017–18 season and made his first appearance since being injured in January, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 victory at Crystal Palace on 26 September. He made what turned out to be his final appearance for Southampton on 13 December 2017, in a 4–1 home defeat to Leicester. It was also his last appearance in any of Southampton's matchday squads, as he was omitted from the squad for the rest of his tenure at the club in light of speculation surrounding his future.Liverpool

2017–18 season

On 27 December 2017, it was announced that <mask> would join Liverpool when the winter transfer window opened on 1 January 2018 for a reported fee of £75 million. Former club Celtic would receive 10% of <mask>'s transfer fee, due to a sell-on clause placed in his Southampton contract. Southampton claimed the undisclosed transfer fee would constitute a world record fee in football for a defender. He made his debut for Liverpool on 5 January in the third round of the FA Cup and scored the

masks:
Virgil van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk


title: Virgil van Dijk

texts:
 winning goal with a late header in a 2–1 victory against local rivals Everton. In doing so, he became the first player since Bill White in 1901 to score on his debut in the Merseyside derby. <mask> and Dejan Lovren built a strong partnership at the heart of Liverpool's defence, with the Dutchman being credited for improving Liverpool's previous defensive issues. <mask> was included in the UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season, despite playing just half of the season in the Champions League, with the UEFA Technical Observers saying: "<mask> arrived at Anfield and provided composure and stability in the competition's knockout stages."<mask> played the full 90 minutes in the 2018 UEFA Champions League Final against Real Madrid, which Liverpool lost 1–3. <mask> played 22 games in all competitions in his first season with the club, scoring once. 2018–19 season
On 20 August 2018, <mask> was voted man of the match by BBC Sport and Sky Sports for his performance in a 2–0 win over Crystal Palace. <mask> received the Liverpool Player of the Month award for his performances in August. On 2 December, <mask> was awarded an assist for the winning goal in a derby match against city rivals Everton. Liverpool won 1–0 thanks to Divock Origi's 96th-minute goal, set up by a <mask> volley and a subsequent error from Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford. The Dutchman was ultimately awarded the PFA Player of the Month for November 2018.On 21 December, <mask> scored his first goal in the Premier League for Liverpool in a 2–0 away win against Wolverhampton Wanderers. The Dutchman continued his impressive form in the 2018–19 season by winning the Premier League Player of the Month prize for December 2018. On 27 February 2019, <mask> scored twice in a 5–0 win against Watford. The following month, he scored once - his first goal in the Champions League for the club - and assisted another in a 3–1 win over Bayern Munich. In doing so, he became the first player since Craig Bellamy in 2007 to score and assist a goal for Liverpool in a knock-out stage match away from home in the competition. On 20 April, he was one of six players nominated for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award alongside teammate Sadio Mané. Four days later, he was named in the PFA Team of the Year alongside Liverpool teammates, Trent Alexander-Arnold, Mané and Andrew Robertson.On 28 April 2019, he was named the PFA Players' Player of the Year. Following Liverpool's 2–0 victory over Tottenham in the 2019 UEFA Champions League Final on 1 June, <mask> was named UEFA's man of the match. 2019–20 season

In August 2019, <mask> won UEFA player of the year award. On 2 September 2019, he was shortlisted in the final three of the best FIFA football awards. On 23 September 2019, he was voted runner up in The Best FIFA Men's Player and into the FIFA FIFpro Men's World 11. In October 2019, <mask> was shortlisted as one in 30 football players for the Ballon d'Or. At the event in December, he finished runner-up behind Lionel Messi.On 21 December 2019, after missing the semi-final of the 2019 FIFA Club World Cup with illness, <mask> played in the final against Flamengo with Liverpool winning the trophy for the first time in the club’s history. <mask> received further recognition following the turn of the year, when he was named in the 2019 UEFA Team of the Year. On 19 January 2020, <mask> scored his first North-West Derby goal against Manchester United in Liverpool’s 2–0 win at Anfield in the Premier League. Over the course of the 2019–20 domestic campaign, <mask> started and completed every minute for Liverpool. 2020–21 season
On 12 September 2020, <mask> scored a headed goal against Leeds United on the opening day of the new season. On 17 October, he was substituted in the sixth minute of the Merseyside derby after a challenge from Everton goalkeeper Jordan Pickford. On the following day, it was announced that he had suffered an ACL injury in his right knee and would undergo surgery.<mask> was expected to be out from six to twelve months. On 30 October it was announced that the surgery on his injuries had been successful. Dutch national team coach Frank de Boer had hoped that <mask> would be able to make his return before the 2020 European Football Championship, <mask> however decided that he should continue his rehabilitation so he could start the next season fully fit. 2021–22 season
<mask> made his first appearance in over nine months on 29 July 2021, coming on as a second-half substitute in a preseason friendly against Hertha BSC. On 13 August 2021, <mask> signed a new four-year contract, keeping him at the club until 2025. His first goal for Liverpool in over 14 months came against his former club Southampton, when he hit a volley from a corner. On 27 February 2022, <mask> was named Man of the Match for the 2022 EFL Cup Final, as he scored a penalty to help Liverpool defeat Chelsea, winning his first domestic cup with the club.International career
<mask> made his full international debut for Netherlands on 10 October 2015, in a 2–1 victory away from home against Kazakhstan in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifier. He was awarded the captaincy of his country by manager Ronald Koeman on 22 March 2018, and his first match as captain was a 1–0 home friendly defeat by England the next day. On 26 March, he scored his first international goal to conclude a 3–0 win over European champions Portugal at the Stade de Genève. On 13 October, he scored in a 3–0 win over 2014 World Cup champions Germany in the UEFA Nations League. More importantly, he scored the equaliser in the next match with Germany, after assistant coach Dwight Lodeweges sent him a small paper note during a break, with the request to play forward in the last minutes of the game. The goal enabled the Netherlands to win the group phase of the Nations League. He later captained his country to the final which they lost 1–0 against Portugal.In May 2021, <mask> ruled himself out of playing in the postponed UEFA Euro 2020 to have enough time to recover after a long-term injury since October 2020. Style of play
<mask> is a physically strong, right-footed centre-back, who usually features on the left-hand side of central defence, although he can also play as a right-sided centre-back. He is gifted with pace, good technique, and an eye for goal, and is an effective set-piece taker. Regarding his ability, former Celtic teammate Kris Commons commented that <mask> was "comfortable on the ball", also noting that "He had good technique and a wonderful right foot. He was good on set-pieces, some of the free-kicks he scored for Celtic are absolute wonders. He could read the game well. He had an aura about him, a confidence, because I think he knew he was good."Neil McGuinness, senior scout at Celtic when <mask> was signed, called him "everything you would want if you could create a profile of the ideal central defender", praising him as a "very smooth ball-playing defender" who possesses aerial prowess, skills from dead ball situations, and "strong leadership qualities", while commenting that since his move to England, he is "more tactically aware now [...] his anticipation and timing has improved and he is a lot more of an all-rounder". McGuinness believes <mask>'s "biggest problem" is that he "can switch off when the game is comfortable". In 2018, Steve Douglas of The Globe and Mail described <mask> with the following words: "Powerful in the air, measured with the ball at his feet, quick, and with superb positional sense, <mask> [sic] has it all." Dario Pergolizzi also described <mask> as a good marker in 2019. In a 2019 interview with Marca, when Lionel Messi was asked why <mask> was so difficult to beat, the Argentine responded: "He is a defender who knows how to judge his timing and wait for the right moment to challenge or jockey [the attacker]. He is very fast and big, but he has a lot of agility for his height. He is fast because of its [sic] great stride, and he is impressive both in defence and attack because he scores lots of goals."That same year, Paul Merson described <mask> as "the best in the world, and I think by a long way, as a defensive centre-half." Sponsorship
<mask> features as the cover star of the champions edition of EA Sports' FIFA video game FIFA 20. He is endorsed by sportswear company Nike. Personal life
<mask> commonly uses only his first name on the kit. According to his uncle Steven, this is because of a family feud with his father, <mask> <mask>, who abandoned his wife, <mask> and his siblings during childhood. <mask> is married to childhood sweetheart, Rike Nooitgedagt, and they have two daughters: Nila, born in 2014, and Jadi, born in 2016. According to some sources in China, <mask> has Chinese ancestry.Hellen Fo Sieeuw, his mother, is of part-Chinese descent. The Chinese surname 'Fo Sieeuw' derives from the given name of his maternal great-grandfather, Chin Fo Sieeuw (陈火秀), who emigrated from Guangdong to Suriname around 1920. website

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Breda
Dutch footballers
Netherlands youth international footballers
Netherlands under-21 international footballers
Netherlands international footballers
Association football defenders
Willem II (football club) players
FC Groningen players
Celtic F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. players
Eredivisie players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Premier League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Dutch expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Dutch people of Surinamese

masks:
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Van Dijk
Ron van
Dijk
Virgil
Virgil
Van Dijk


title: Walt Kiesling

texts:
<mask> (May 27, 1903 – March 2, 1962) was an American football guard and tackle who spent 36 years as a player, coach, and aide with National Football League (NFL) teams. He was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1966 and was named to the NFL 1920s All-Decade Team in 1969. A native of Saint Paul, Minnesota, <mask> played college football at the University of St. Thomas where he was selected as an all-state player in 1923, 1924, and 1925. He then played 13 years as a guard and tackle in the NFL with the Duluth Eskimos (1926–1927),
Pottsville Maroons (1928), Chicago Cardinals (1929–1933), Chicago Bears (1934), Green Bay Packers (1935–1936), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1937–1938). He was a first-team All-Pro in 1929, 1930, and 1932, a second-team All-Pro in 1931, and played for the Packers' 1936 NFL championship team. <mask> also spent 25 years as a coach or aide for NFL teams, including seven years as head coach of the Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers from 1939 to 1942 and 1954 to 1956. He led the Steelers to their first winning season in 1942.He also served as co-coach of the wartime merger teams known as the Steagles in 1943 and Card-Pitt in 1944 and as line coach for the Pirates (1937–1938), Green Bay Packers (1945–1948), and Steelers (1949–1953). He retired from active coaching for health reasons in 1957 but remained an aide to the Steelers coaching staff from 1957 to 1961. Early years
<mask> was born in 1903 in Saint Paul, Minnesota. His parents, Wenzel and <mask>, were natives of Bohemia who immigrated to the United States in 1890 and 1888, respectively. Kiesling had a younger brother, Edward. His father worked as a cutter in a leather works and later in a garment factory. Kiesling attended Cretin High School, a Catholic high school in Saint Paul where he played football as a tackle.He remained in Saint Paul for college, attending the University of St. Thomas. He played football at St. Thomas and was selected as an all-state player for three straight years in 1923, 1924, and 1925. He graduated in 1926 with a bachelor of science degree in mathematics. Professional football player

Duluth and Pottsville
In the fall of 1926, <mask> joined the Duluth Eskimos of the National Football League (NFL), appearing in 11 games as a tackle for a team that featured star backs Ernie Nevers and Johnny Blood. He remained in Duluth for the 1927 season, moving to the guard position and appearing in six games. <mask> joined the Pottsville Maroons for the 1927 season, starting 10 games at right guard. Chicago Cardinals
<mask> next joined the Chicago Cardinals where he played at the left guard position from 1929 to 1933.During his prime years with the Cardinals, he was recognized as one of the leading linemen in the NFL. In 1929, he started 12 games at left guard and was selected as a first-team All-Pro by Collyer's Eye magazine. In 1930, he appeared in 11 games, nine as a starter, and was selected as a first-team All-Pro in 1930 by both Collyer's Eye and the Green Bay Press-Gazette, based on the returns of ballots sent to the league's coaches, club officials, sports writers and officials,
 In 1931, he started nine games at left guards and was selected as a second-team All-Pro by the United Press, the Green Bay Press-Gazette, and Collyer's Eye. In 1932, he started 10 games at left guard and was selected as a first-team All-Pro by the Associated Press. <mask> was the Cardinals' heaviest player, ranging from 235 to 260 pounds at six feet, three inches. He was reputed to be "excellent on defense and unusually shifty on offense." He was also known as "a smart guard, a sure tackler despite his bulk and adept at rushing a passer."During his NFL career, <mask> lived in Saint Paul in the off-season, operating a cafe and playing as a pitcher and outfielder for a semi-pro baseball team. He also played league baseball in Montana and Canada. Bears and Packers
In August 1934, George Halas signed Kiesling to a one-year contract with the Chicago Bears. <mask> appeared in 13 games for the Bears, only five as a starter. In August 1935, <mask> signed with the Green Bay Packers. At the time of his signing, the Green Bay Press-Gazette wrote:

Kiesling is one of the most experienced players in the pro grid game. Practically no one gains through his side of the line consistently ... Kiesling never dissipates, and trains in the year around, remaining always in top condition.<mask> appeared in 10 games for the Packers in 1935. He also appeared in eight games for the 1936 Green Bay Packers team that won the NFL championship. Coaching career

Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers
<mask> began his coaching career at age 34 during the 1937 season as an assistant coach under Johnny Blood for the Pittsburgh Pirates (renamed the Steelers in 1940). He was also a player for the Pirates during the 1937 and 1938 seasons, appearing in a total of 12 games. When Blood resigned as head coach after the team lost the first three games of the 1939 season, team owner Art Rooney hired <mask> as the team's new head coach. <mask> led the Pirates to a 1–6–1 record in the final eight games of the 1939 season. <mask> led the Steelers to a 2–7–2 record during the 1940 season and was replaced by Bert Bell and Aldo Donelli in 1941.<mask> resumed his role as head coach near the end of the 1941 season, leading the team to a 1–2–1 in the final four games. <mask> led the 1942 Steelers to a 7–4 record, the first winning season in club history since the team was formed in 1933. <mask>'s 1942 team was led on the field by rookie halfback Bill Dudley who totaled 1,138 yards of total offense (696 rushing and 438 passing) and also had 576 yards on punt and kickoff returns. Dudley was drafted into Army after the 1942 season. In 1943, with so many players lost to military service, the Steelers were temporarily merged with the Philadelphia Eagles to form the Steagles. <mask> and the Eagles' coach Greasy Neale served as co-coaches of the Steagles. The Steagles compiled a 5–4–1 record.In 1944, the Steelers were still lacking players due to the war and formed a one-year merger with the Chicago Cardinals, operating under the name Card-Pitt. <mask> and the Cardinals' coach Phil Handler served as co-coaches. Despite the play of John Grigas, a Cardinals back who led the NFL in 1944 with 1,154 all-purpose yards and 471 kickoff return yards, the Card-Pitt team gave up 32.8 points per game, compiled a 0–10 record, and was outscored by a combined total of 328–108. Green Bay Packers
In January 1945, <mask> resigned as the Steelers' coach. Hours after resigning his position with the Steelers, <mask> was hired as assistant coach for the Green Bay Packers. He coached the Packers' linemen, and in December 1945, he signed a contract extending his service through the 1947 season. In January 1948, his contract was renewed again through the 1948 season.At the time, Curly Lambeau called <mask> the top line coach in college or professional football. <mask> contracted pneumonia in the winter of 1947 and lost 51 pounds while battling the illness. In February 1949, <mask> was released by the Packers, with Lambeau advising Kiesling "in the interests of his health to take a year's vacation from football." Return to the Steelers
Ignoring Lambeau's advice, <mask> returned to the Steelers in March 1949 as the line coach. He signed a contract extension with the Steelers in March 1950, and remained as line coach through the 1953 season. In March 1952, <mask> was hospitalized with what was described as a "heavy cold". In November 1953 he was hospitalized again with pneumonia.Starting with his 1947 bout with pneumonia, <mask> was plagued with respiratory ailments for the rest of his life. In late August 1954, Joe Bach resigned as the Steelers' head coach after a poor showing by the team in exhibition games, and <mask> was promoted to head coach. In his third stint as head coach, <mask> led the Steelers to records of 5–7 in 1954, 4–8 in 1955, and 5–7 in 1956. <mask> is often remembered as the coach who released Johnny Unitas, a player widely acclaimed as one of the greatest in NFL history. The Steelers had selected Unitas, a Pittsburgh native, in the ninth round of the 1955 NFL Draft. <mask> was satisfied with Jim Finks and Ted Marchibroda as his quarterbacks and was unimpressed by the gangly Unitas. He did not allow Unitas to even play in any exhibition games, and after pre-season camp, <mask> told Rooney: "Unitas is too dumb.He can't remember plays." <mask>'s health was declining by the mid-1950s. Steelers' owner Art Rooney considered firing him, but concluded that loyalty outweighed winning. Rooney reportedly said, "<mask> will be my head coach as long as he wants to be, and even if he doesn't want to be." <mask>'s health was poor during the 1956 season, yet he returned for the pre-season in 1957, finally retiring in late August 1957. He remained an aide to the Steelers' coaching staff until his death. <mask>'s overall record as an NFL head coach was 30–55–5.Head coaching record

Family, later years, and honors
<mask> was married in approximately 1932. At the time of his death, he was married to Irene Andreen <mask>. No record has been found of <mask> having any children. Kiesling suffered from a respiratory ailment that resulted in multiple hospitalizations in his later years. He died in March 1962 at age 58 at Divine Providence Hospital in Pittsburgh. The cause of death was acute bacteremia due to pyelonephritis. He was buried at Christ Our Redeemer Catholic Cemetery in Pittsburgh.<mask> was posthumously inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1966. In 1969, he was also selected by the Pro Football Hall of Fame as a guard on the NFL 1920s All-Decade Team. References

External links

1903 births
1962 deaths
American football guards
American football tackles
Chicago Bears players
Chicago Cardinals players
Duluth Eskimos players
Green Bay Packers players
Pittsburgh Pirates (football) players
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
Pottsville Maroons players
Steagles players and personnel
St. Thomas (Minnesota) Tommies football players
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Players of American football from Saint Paul, Minnesota

masks:
Walter Andrew Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Barbara Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Walt
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling
Kiesling


title: Marina Durunda

texts:
<mask>na <mask> (born 12 June 1997) (;) is a retired Ukrainian-born Azerbaijani individual rhythmic gymnast. Durunda started her senior career in 2013, and soon became the leader of the Azerbaijani gymnastics and a three-time (2013-2015) national champion. She won a bronze medal at the 2015 European Championship in Minsk, and a silver medal at the inaugural 2015 European Games in Baku. <mask> represented Azerbaijan at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, and finished 9th in the all-around final. Career

Junior
<mask> began practicing rhythmic gymnastics in 2001 at age four in Sevastopol. At age six, she and her family moved to Cyprus, where for seven years until 2012 she was the national champion and won all competitions of Cyprus. Unable to receive a Cypriot passport, she accepted an invitation to compete for Azerbaijan from the Azeri National Gymnastics Team Federation.As a junior, Durunda competed with the Azeri team at the 2012 European Championships and qualified for the ball final finishing 7th. She competed at the 2012 Aeon Cup in Japan finishing 3rd in all-around at the juniors event. Senior

2013
Durunda made her senior debut at the 2013 Miss Valentine Cup in Tartu, Estonia where she won the bronze medal in all-around behind Ukrainian champion Ganna Rizatdinova and silver medalist Melitina Staniouta. She also won bronze in the ball, clubs and ribbon final. Durunda won gold in All-around at the 2013 Baltic Hoop. At the 2013 Pesaro World Cup, Durunda qualified for all four event finals, she finished 5th in ribbon. Durunda finished 6th in all-around at the 2013 Sofia World Cup and qualified for all four event finals.She again finished 6th in all-around at the 2013 Minsk World Cup. Durunda competed at her first Senior Europeans at the 2013 European Championships in Vienna, Austria. She and teammate Lala Yusifova represented Azerbaijan where they finished 4th in Team event. She qualified for three apparatus in the finals and finished 5th in ball, hoop and ribbon. She won her first senior national title at the 2013 Azerbaijan National Championships. At the 2013 World Cup Final in St.Petersburg, Russia, she finished 6th in all-around and again qualified to all 4 event finals. Durunda competed at the 2013 World Championships in Kiev, Ukraine where she qualified and finished 5th in ribbon final.Durunda finished 16th at the 2013 World Championships All-around final behind Belarusian Katsiaryna Halkina. In October, she competed at the 2013 Grand Prix Brno finishing 6th in the all-around and qualified to four event finals. On October 25–27, Durunda competed at the World Club Championship, the 2013 Aeon Cup in Tokyo, Japan representing team Neftchi (together with teammate Lala Yusifova) finishing 5th in Team event. She finished 6th in the All-around finals behind Belarusian Katsiaryna Halkina. 2014
In 2014 Season, Durunda competed at the 2014 Miss Valentine Cup and won the all-around gold medal. She withdrew after suffering an injury at the 2014 Moscow Grand Prix qualifications. Durunda returned to competition in the first World Cup event of the season at the 2014 Debrecen World Cup where she finished 6th in the all-around and won gold in hoop.She finished 5th in all-around at the 2014 Stuttgart World Cup and qualified to all 4 event finals. Durunda then competed at the 2014 Holon Grand Prix where she finished 8th in all-around and qualified to 2 event finals. Durunda finished 4th in all-around at the 2014 Lisboa World Cup and won bronze in ball final. She then followed her next event at the 2014 Pesaro World Cup, where she finished 6th in all-around and qualified to 4 event finals. Durunda won her second National all-around title at the 2014 Azerbaijan Championships held in Baku. On May 22–24, Durunda competed at the 2014 Tashkent World Cup where she finished 6th in all-around behind Melitina Staniouta. She qualified to all 4 event finals and won bronze medal in ribbon and clubs (tied with Elizaveta Nazarenkova).She then competed at the 2014 Minsk World Cup finishing 7th in all-around, she qualified to 3 event finals and won bronze medal in hoop. On June 10–15, Durunda competed at the 2014 European Championships and finished 6th in all-around behind Margarita Mamun. On August 8–10, Durunda competed at the 2014 Sofia World Cup finishing 10th in all-around and 7th in ball finals. On September 22–28, Durunda (together with teammates Nilufar Niftaliyeva and Gulsum Shafizada) competed at the 2014 World Championships where Team Azerbaijan finished 5th. she qualified to 3 event finals, placing (6th in hoop, 7th in ball, 5th in clubs) and finished 6th in the all-around finals ahead of Melitina Staniouta of Belarus. On October 17–19, Durunda traveled in Tokyo for the 2014 Aeon Cup, representing team Ocaq club (together with teammates Gulsum Shafizada and junior Zhala Piriyeva) where they finished 5th in team event, Durunda finished 8th in the All-around finals. 2015
In 2015 Season, Durunda competed at the 2015 Valentine Cup and won the silver medals in all-around, ribbon, hoop, placed 3rd in clubs and 4th in ball.On March 13–15, <mask> then finished 4th at the Trophy de Barcelona in the all-around and took a bronze medal in clubs finals. On March 21–22, Duruna competed at the 2015 Thiais Grand Prix finishing 4th in the all-around behind Neta Rivkin, she qualified to 4 event finals, winning gold in clubs (tied with Ganna Rizatdinova), and 2 silver (hoop, ribbon). On March 27–29, <mask> competed at the 2015 Lisboa World Cup finishing 5th in the all-around, in the event finals, she took 2 bronze (ball, ribbon) and 4th place (hoop, clubs). <mask> then competed at the 2015 Bucharest World Cup and finished 5th in the all-around behind Korean Son Yeon-Jae. She qualified to event finals taking bronze in ribbon and placing 4th in hoop, ball, clubs. On April 10–12, <mask> placed 6th in all-around at the 2015 Pesaro World Cup and qualified to all 4 apparatus finals. <mask> then competed at the 2015 European Championships where Team Azerbaijan finished 5th, she qualified 2 event finals winning bronze in ribbon and placed 5th in clubs.Durunda finished 8th in all-around at the 2015 Grand Prix Berlin and qualified to 2 event finals. On June 15–21, Durunda competed at the inaugural 2015 European Games where she finished 6th in the all-around, she qualified to 3 apparatus finals: won the silver medal in ribbon, finished 5th in hoop and 6th in ball. In August, <mask> won the all-around silver at the 2015 Baltic Cup behind Israeli gymnast Victoria Veinberg Filanovsky. Durunda then competed at the 2015 Budapest World Cup finishing 7th in the all-around and qualified to 3 apparatus finals. In her next competition at the 2015 Sofia World Cup, Durunda finished 8th in the all-around behind Bulgarian Neviana Vladinova. She qualified to 2 apparatus finals finishing 6th in hoop and clubs. On September 9–13, Durunda competed at the 2015 World Championships in Stuttgart, she qualified to all 4 apparatus finals finishing 7th in Ball(17.600), 6th in Hoop (17.916), Clubs (17.833) and Ribbon (17.800).In the All-around finals; Durunda finished 6th with a total of 71.399 points. On October 2–4, Durunda together with teammates Ayshan Bayramova and junior Zhala Piriyeva represented Team Ocaq Sports Club at the 2015 Aeon Cup in Tokyo Japan, Durunda finished 10th in the all-around finals behind Viktoria Mazur and with Team Azerbaijan finishing 5th in the overall standings. 2016

In 2016, recovering from a minor leg injury; Durunda first competed at the 30th Thiais Grand Prix event in Paris, where she finished 10th in the all-around and qualified 3 event finals. On April 1–3, Durunda competed at the 2016 Pesaro World Cup where she finished 18th in the all-around. On May 6–8, Durunda won the all-around silver at the Corbeil-Essonnes International Tournament; she also took silver medals in all 4 apparatus final. Durunda then finished 2nd in the All-around at the Azeri National Championships behind Zhala Piriyeva. Durunda finished 10th in the all-around at the 2016 Guadalajara World Cup and qualified to the ribbon finals.On June 17–19, Durunda competed at the 2016 European Championships where she finished in 7th place with a total of 72.116 points. On July 8–10, Durunda then finished 7th in the all-around at the 2016 Kazan World Cup with a total of 72.500 points - her highest score for the season and a New Personal Best, she also qualified to all apparatus finals placing 8th in hoop, 7th in ball, clubs and ribbon. On July 22–24, culminating the World Cup of the season in 2016 Baku World Cup, Durunda finished 10th in the all-around with a total of 70.500, she qualified 2 event finals winning bronze in ribbon and 7th in ball. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she reached the finals of Women's rhythmic individual all-around where she finished in 9th place with a total of 69.748 points. On September 9–11, Durunda together with teammates Zhala Piriyeva and junior Zohra Aghamirova represented team Ocaq Sport club at the annual 2016 Aeon Cup in Tokyo, where they finished 4th in Team event and with Durunda finishing 6th in the all-around. 2017
Durunda spent early of the season recovering from a hand injury. In May 2017, Durunda returned to competition and won five medals, including three golds at the 2017 Islamic Solidarity Games which were hosted in her home country Azerbaijan.She competed at 2017 European Championships in Budapest where she qualified to 1 apparatus final in hoop. On June 6, Just days after competing in Europeans, Durunda announced her retirement in her rhythmic gymnastics career due to the hand injury that she sustained earlier in the year. Personal life
Durunda speaks five languages: Russian, English, Azerbaijani, French and Greek. Routine music information

References

External links

 Durunda Azerbaijan Gymnastics Federation Profile

1997 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Sevastopol
Ukrainian emigrants to Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani rhythmic gymnasts
Ukrainian rhythmic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2015 European Games
European Games medalists in gymnastics
European Games silver medalists for Azerbaijan
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani people of Ukrainian descent
Naturalized citizens of Azerbaijan
Medalists at the Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
Islamic Solidarity Games competitors for Azerbaijan

masks:
Marina Sergeyev
Durunda
Marina
Durunda
Durunda
Durunda
Durunda
Durunda
Durunda
Durunda