title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
<mask> (; c. 1182 – 1 February 1222) or <mask>mnenus was, with his brother David, the founder of the Empire of Trebizond and its ruler from 1204 until his death in 1222. The two brothers were the only male descendants of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I, who had been dethroned and killed in 1185, and thus claimed to represent the legitimate government of the Empire following the conquest of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Although his rivals governing the Nicaean Empire succeeded in becoming the de facto successors, and rendered his dynastic claims to the imperial throne moot, <mask>' descendants continued to emphasize both their heritage and connection to the Komnenian dynasty by later referring to themselves as Megas Komnenos ("grand Komnenos"). While his brother David conquered a number of Byzantine provinces in northwestern Anatolia, <mask> defended his capital Trebizond from an unsuccessful siege by the Seljuk Turks around the year 1205. Further details of his reign are sparse. Muslim chroniclers record how, in 1214, <mask> was captured by the Turks in the field while defending Sinope; despite sending an envoy to seek their surrender the city refused to capitulate to Sultan <mask>, and <mask> was tortured in sight of the Sinopians. The city submitted to Kaykaus and <mask> was freed after becoming Kaykaus' vassal.<mask> died at the age of forty. From Constantinople to Georgia
<mask> was the eldest son of Manuel Komnenos, and a grandson of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos <mask> (reigned 1183–1185). Andronikos had taken refuge at the court of King <mask> of Georgia in the 1170s, and was a governor in the Pontus when his cousin the emperor <mask> Komnenos (r. 1143–1180) died; upon hearing the news, he marched on Constantinople and seized the imperial throne. His reign was a turbulent one, and in 1185 Andronikos was dethroned and killed while his son Manuel was blinded and may have died from this mutilation. Manuel left two children, the Caesars <mask> and David. Their mother's name is not recorded in the primary sources; Byzantinist Alexander Vasiliev speculates that it is "possible" that their mother was a Georgian princess. Somehow the boys arrived at the court of their relative Queen Tamar of Georgia; scholars have speculated when and how they made their way there.One school of thought endorses the hypothesis of Fallmerayer, who believed the boys were taken from Constantinople during the chaos of their grandfather's fall from power in 1185, when <mask> was about three years old, and came to Georgia early in Tamar's reign. Another school of thought follows George Finlay's belief that the boys remained in Constantinople, and although educated in the capital, were somehow safe from Andronikos' successor, emperor <mask> II Angelos (r. 1185–1195 and 1203–1204); Finlay argued that they were not at risk from "a government which, like that of the Byzantine empire, was recognized to be elective, and in which their father had been excluded from the throne by the exercise of an acknowledged constitutional prerogative." Older writers who had no knowledge of the chronicle of the Trapezuntine chronicler Michael Panaretos nor access to Georgian records, such as Edward Gibbon, assumed the brothers were simply made governors of Trebizond, and when the Fourth Crusade conquered Constantinople, <mask> declared himself emperor there. Vasiliev discussed these opinions in a 1936 article published in Speculum and considered Fallmerayer's hypothesis as closer to the truth. Exactly how <mask> and Queen Tamar of Georgia were related is not clear. According to Michael Panaretos, Queen Tamar was <mask>' "paternal relative" (προς πατρός θεὶα), a phrase that has baffled scholars. As early as 1854 the Russian scholar Kunik proposed that this phrase meant that <mask>' mother was Rusudan a little-known sister of Tamar, a theory Vasiliev endorsed.<mask> argued that their grandfather Andronikos, while in Georgia, had married an unnamed sister of king George III. More recently Michel Kuršanskis has argued against <mask>'s theory, producing evidence that <mask>' mother and/or grandmother were daughters of the houses of Palaiologos or Doukas, yet failing to offer an explanation why Panaretos describes Tamar as <mask>' paternal aunt. Despite the research of Vasiliev, <mask>, Kuršanskis and others, <mask>' life is a blank between 1185, when Andronikos was deposed and murdered, and 1204 when he and David arrived at Trebizond—although this lack of information has not prevented scholars from proposing various hypotheses. All authorities agree that <mask> and his brother found refuge at Tamar's court. Vasiliev even speculates that "Georgian became their native tongue" and that they "were thoroughly Georgian in language and education as well as in political ideals", but possibly "some Greeks were among their attendants in order that they might be familiar with the language of their own country". However, Kuršanskis notes that there are few traces of Georgian influence in the administration and culture of the Empire of Trebizond, and points out that its elite always looked towards Constantinople for their political and religious models. Return from Georgia
After marching from Georgia, and with the help of their paternal relative Queen Tamar, <mask> and David occupied Trebizond in April 1204.That same month <mask> was proclaimed emperor at the age of 22, an act considered by later writers as the moment the Empire of Trebizond was founded. Vasiliev was one of the first historians to suspect that Tamar assisted her young relatives for reasons beyond familial loyalty. "Religiously minded, Tamar had the habit of bestowing alms on monasteries and churches not only in her own country but also all over the Near East", Vasiliev wrote in 1936. One such gift she bestowed on a group of monks before they left for Jerusalem was taken from them by the Byzantine emperor <mask> III Angelos (r. 1195–1203) as they sailed past Constantinople; although Tamar subsequently made up for the theft by giving the monks a much more lavish gift, <mask>' theft insulted the queen. She decided to avenge the insult by supporting her nephews in their invasion of Byzantine territories. The date <mask> entered Trebizond may be narrowed down even further. Sergey Karpov has identified a lead seal of <mask>, on one side "the image of a strategos in the peaked helmet leaded by hand by St. George" with the inscriptions Ἀλέξιος ὁ Κομνηνός [<mask> Komnenos] and Ὁ Ἅ(γιος) Γεώργιος [Saint George] on either side; on the obverse is a scene of Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνάστασις [The Holy Resurrection] with the corresponding inscription.Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter Trebizond and opening the gates of the city with his left hand. The importance of St. George was that Easter—the date of the Resurrection—in 1204 fell on 25 April, while the memorial date of St. George was 23 April. "So I dared to assume," writes Karpov, "that the seal points out the date of the capture of Trebizond." Vasiliev points out that the brothers occupied Trebizond too early to have done so in response to the Crusaders capturing Constantinople; <mask> and David began their march on Trebizond before news of the sack of Constantinople on 13 April 1204 could reach either Trebizond or Georgia. According to Vasiliev, however, their original intention was not to seize a base from which they could recover the capital of the Byzantine Empire, but rather to carve out of the Byzantine Empire a buffer state to protect Georgia from the Seljuk Turks. Kuršanskis, while agreeing with Vasiliev that Tamar was motivated by revenge for <mask> Angelos's insult, proposed a more obvious motivation for the brother's return to Byzantine territory: they had decided to raise the banner of revolt, depose <mask> Angelos, and return the imperial throne to the Komnenos dynasty. However, not long after they had gained control of Trebizond and the neighboring territories, news of the Latin conquest of Constantinople reached them, and the brothers entered the competition for recovery of the imperial city against Theodore I Laskaris in western Anatolia (ruler of the "Empire of Nicaea") and Michael Komnenos Doukas in mainland Greece (ruler of the "Despotate of Epirus").Over the following months, David marched westward making himself master of the rest of the Pontus and of Paphlagonia. Anthony Bryer suggests the account in the Georgian Royal Annals of the invasion could be separated into the two routes the individual brothers took. Both started in Imereti and reached Trebizond; David proceeded along the coast, perhaps leading a fleet, capturing Kerasous, Cide, Amasra and Heraclea Pontica; meanwhile <mask> took possession of Limnia, Samsun and Sinope. Although a minor port, Samsun was the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum's doorway to the Black Sea, and <mask>' occupation blocked the Sultanate from the trade and the opportunities of expansion Samsun represented; in the words of the Muslim historian Ali ibn al-Athir, he "closed the sea" to the Seljuks. Gaining Paphlagonia gave the brothers access to an important base of support. The Komnenos family was popular in Paphlagonia, with which they had long-established ties, as it was their home province: Kastamone was said to be the ancestral castle of the Komnenoi; during the reign of <mask> II Angelos a pretender to the throne had appeared in Paphlagonia, calling himself <mask>, and he succeeded in uniting several districts behind him. While David was in Paphlagonia, <mask> was forced to remain in the neighborhood of Trebizond, defending the eastern part of their domain from the attacks of the Seljuk Turks.These attacks culminated in the first siege of Trebizond by Sultan Kaykhusraw <mask>. In a panegyric to his master, the Nicaean emperor Theodore Laskaris, Nicetas Choniates compared <mask> to Hylas, a member of the expedition of the Argonauts who landed on the coast of Mysia to obtain water, but was kidnapped by the Naiads and never seen again. Although Theodore Laskaris pushed back the Komnenos brothers' western frontier by defeating an attempt to seize Nicomedia, by 1207 the grandsons of Andronikos Komnenos ruled over the largest of the three Byzantine successor states. From Heraclea Pontica their domain extended east to Trebizond and past it to Soterioupolis on the Georgian frontier. <mask> also made parts of the Crimea a tributary to Trebizond. Cherson, Kerch, and their hinterlands were governed as an overseas province called Perateia ("beyond the sea"). It appeared that it was only a matter of time before one of the Komnenos brothers seized Constantinople to rule as "Basileus and Autokrator of the Rhomaioi".Unfortunately, this proved to be the high-water mark of their conquests. Campaigns in Paphlagonia
Their adversary, Theodore Laskaris, had not been idle. He had neutralized rivals along his southern marches—Sabas Asidenos, Manuel Maurozomes, and Theodore Mangaphas; he had been crowned Emperor in March or April 1206; all the while Theodore had frustrated attempts of Henry of Flanders to expand the newly founded Latin Empire into Anatolia. In 1208 Theodore decided to strike against the Paphlagonian possessions of <mask>' brother David by crossing the Sangarios River and investing Heraclea Pontica. In response, David sent a deputation to Henry of Flanders, which reached the Latin Emperor in September 1208 with their request for help. Henry led his troops across the Sea of Marmara and occupied Nicomedia, threatening Laskaris' rear, and forcing the latter to lift his siege and return to his own territory. Theodore's withdraw was costly, for he lost about 1000 men in crossing the Sangarios, which was in flood.Despite this setback, Theodore did not abandon his attempts on Paphlagonia. Following the Seljuk defeat at Antioch on the Meander, he concluded a treaty with the new Seljuk Sultan, Kaykaus I, and together they encroached on the Trapezuntine territory. According to the panegyric of Niketas Choniates, there was no resistance to Theodore's incursions, and Theodore eventually captured Heraclea Pontica and Amastris. It was during this period that David Komnenos vanishes from the scene. We know of his ultimate fate from a note in a manuscript written at Mount Athos that tells us David died as a monk of Vatopedi monastery on 13 December 1212. How he went from trusted ally of <mask> to a monastic life—likely an enforced change—has not been documented. Shukurov believes this silence was intentional and therefore significant, that David somehow disgraced himself and was confined to Vatopedi by <mask>.A clue to his offence may be that at one point, faced with another attack from Theodore Laskaris with insufficient men to draw on, David had become a vassal of the enemy of the Byzantine successor realms, the Latin Empire, since, as William Miller explains, "It was his interest to prefer a nominal Latin suzerainty to annexation by the Nicene Emperor". Kuršanskis suggests that <mask> also intrigued in the internal politics of the Seljuk Sultanate, supporting Kaykaus' brother Kayqubad against him. This is his interpretation of a puzzling passage in the account of <mask>, where he states that Sultan Kaykawus was at Sivas when messengers arrived with the report that Alexis had crossed the border and seized territory belonging to the Sultan—when there was no point to this action. If Kuršanskis' has correctly interpreted what lies behind this passage, this would provide Kaykaus with an even stronger reason to ally with Theodore. Kaykaus' role in this alliance was to capture Sinope, the most important port on the Black Sea, and controlling it would once again open the sea to the Seljuks. It was while besieging the port city that <mask> was captured in a skirmish; according to <mask>, he was hunting outside the city with an escort of 500 cavalry, which Kuršanskis dryly observes was overkill for a simple hunt. This fortunate incident provided Kaykaus with the leverage he needed to take the city, which lies on an isthmus and protected by formidable walls.<mask> was shown to the defenders of the city. At the Sultan's command, <mask> writes, he sent a confidante into the city to negotiate a surrender; the inhabitants told <mask>' man, "Suppose Alexius has been captured. None the less he has grown sons in Trebizond who are capable of governing. We will elect one of them as our ruler and will not surrender the country to the Turks." Shukurov suggests that the Sinopians' lack of concern for <mask> was out of spite for the deposition of his brother. Infuriated by their response, Sultan Kaykaus had the unfortunate <mask> tortured in sight of the city walls several times, until the defenders changed their minds. Negotiations began, and on 1 November 1214 the inhabitants surrendered their city to the Seljuks on terms.<mask> was freed, and after pledging his loyalty to the Sultan, and promising to pay tribute, he was allowed to return to Trebizond. Later years
The loss of Sinope pushed the western frontier of Komnenine territories, which had been at Heraclea a few years earlier, back to the Iris and Thermodon rivers, only  from their base at Trebizond. This loss isolated Trebizond from direct contact with the Empire of Nicaea and the other Greek lands. Cut off from the rest of the Byzantine world, the Trapezuntine rulers for the next two generations turned their immediate attention to Asian affairs. Nothing certain is known of the remainder of <mask>' life. Vasiliev has suggested that when George IV Lasha of Georgia was campaigning near the Kura River, <mask> was amongst the "tributaries [who] arrived from Khlar and Greece with presents", in the phrasing of the Georgian chronicles. He identifies "Khlar" with Ahlat near Lake Van, and states that by "Greece" the chronicler meant the Trapezuntine Empire.Kuršanskis, however, is not convinced by Vasiliev's arguments, pointing out that <mask> would have travelled too far from Trebizond to pay homage and emphasizes that Trebizond was always referred to in the Georgian Chronicle as "Pontus" and never as "Greece". <mask> died on 1 February 1222 after a reign of eighteen years. His eldest son John was passed over in favor of his son-in-law, Andronikos I Gidos. Family and succession
<mask> married at some point in his life, but contemporary writers fail to record any information about his wife. Theodora Axuchina is supposed by some to have been her name, which appears in the Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke. It has since found its place in several modern genealogies. Michel Kuršankis has argued, on the strength of <mask> Axouchos's surname and <mask> <mask>'s known political affiliations, that he had married, probably about 1201, a daughter of John Komnenos "the Fat" (d.1200), son of the protostrator <mask> Axouch.<mask> is known to have had two sons, the future emperors John I and Manuel I, and a daughter who married Andronikos Gidos. The Russian Byzantinist Rustam Shukurov has argued that <mask> had at least one more son, and speculated that one may have been the <mask>nikios who was tonsured and confined to a monastery when Manuel became emperor. Notes

References

External links
 <mask> I Grand Komnenos, Vougiouklaki Penelope, Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World: Asia Minor

13th-century emperors of Trebizond
Grand Komnenos dynasty
1180s births
1222 deaths
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
Greek torture victims

masks:
Alexios I Megas Koos
Alexius I Megas Co
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Kaykaus I
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
I
George III
Manuel I
Alexios
Alexios
Isaac
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Cyril Toumanoff
Toumanoff
Alexios
Alexios
Toumanoff
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Isaac
Alexios
Alexios
I
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Ibn Bibi
Alexios
Ibn Bibi
Alexios
Ibn Bibi
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
John I
Alexios
I
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Ioan
Alexios


title: Herbert Hardesty

type: original

texts:
<mask> (March 3, 1925 – December 3, 2016) was an American musician who played tenor saxophone and trumpet. He is best known for his association with the New Orleans pianist Fats Domino and the producer Dave Bartholomew, beginning in 1948. He released six 45-rpm records as Herb Hardesty between 1959 and 1962. His first CD of these recordings, together with others made but not issued in 1958, were released worldwide in July 2012 by Ace Records (United Kingdom) as The Domino Effect. Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 3, 1925. He began trumpet lessons in school at the age of six and used a trumpet given to his stepfather by Louis Armstrong. He also took lessons from Professor Valmore Victor and began playing in a local Works Progress Administration big band.By 1939, he was getting paid to play with bands led by Papa Celestin, Sidney Desvigne, and others. Chick Webb also asked him to perform with his orchestra. Hardesty enlisted in the military in 1941 even though he was two years below the minimum draft age. At the United States Army Air Corps base in Jackson, Mississippi, he volunteered to play saxophone in the band, and his commanding officer purchased an alto saxophone, which Hardesty learned to play in two days. His Army training continued at Tuskegee, Alabama, and he was a radio technician in the 99th Flying Training Squadron, stationed in Morocco, Italy, and Germany, making him part of what is now known as the Tuskeegee Airmen. When time permitted he played trumpet and alto saxophone with local European musicians. After the war ended, Hardesty returned to New Orleans and attended Dillard University.Early career
His first trio performed at the Hurricane Bar (3726 S. Claiborne Avenue, in New Orleans, a few blocks from where he was living) with Hardesty playing double bass accompanied by a guitarist and pianist, similar to Nat King Cole's group. Shortly after this Hardesty purchased a tenor saxophone and began taking lessons, and by 1948 formed a group, the Four Dukes, which performed at Club Desire in New Orleans; Hardesty played trumpet and tenor sax. Hardesty met Dave Bartholomew in 1946, and by January 1949 Bartholomew asked Hardesty to go into the studio to record with Chubby Newsome for De Luxe Records, for the album New Orleans Lover Man. Other musicians on this session included the drummer Earl Palmer, the bassist Frank Fields, the guitarist Ernest McLean, who together with Bartholomew and Hardesty (by this time primarily playing tenor sax) were the core of the studio band which during the 1950s recorded many hit records at Cosimo Matassa's J&M Recording Studio. Later in 1949, Hardesty toured for about six months with the singer Roy Brown. Upon returning to New Orleans, Hardesty again recorded with Bartholomew, including the November 29, 1949, sessions for Jewel King ("3 x 7 = 21") and Tommy Ridgley ("Shrewsbury Blues"). On December 10, 1949, he recorded on "The Fat Man" with Fats Domino, the first release for the future Rock and Roll Hall of Fame member.During the first half of the 1950s, Hardesty continued to do studio work with Domino and other artists, including Lloyd Price (Hardesty contributed the saxophone solo on "Lawdy Miss Clawdy"), Shirley and Lee, Smiley Lewis, T-Bone Walker, Big Joe Turner, Little Richard, and others, and occasionally performed in local clubs. In 1953, he helped Ray Charles organize and rehearse a band for a tour. Touring with Fats Domino and solo recordings
In 1955, Bartholomew asked Hardesty to begin touring with Fats Domino. When the band played at the 5-4 Ballroom in Los Angeles, California, in March 1955, a photographer took a picture of Hardesty playing tenor sax on his back, and it appeared in the April 18, 1955, issue of Life magazine, the first time that Domino was mentioned in Life, although he was not in the photograph. This same trip to Los Angeles also included recording sessions that resulted in hits for Domino, including "Blue Monday", on which Hardesty played the baritone saxophone solo because the other musician was unable to get the right sound; it was the first and only time that Hardesty played baritone sax. One music writer said this solo "is as close to perfection as one can imagine. The eight-bar sax break is a gem of almost frightening economy.It is one of the most memorable, bluesy, and yet simple runs in all of r&b." Other well-known tenor saxophone solos by Hardesty with Domino were on "I'm Walkin'", "Ain't That a Shame", and "Let the Four Winds Blow". Hardesty's solo recordings began in 1957; the first two, organized by the guitarist Mickey Baker, were never released are not known to exist. Twelve songs were recorded on January 15, 1958, at Cosimo Matassa's studio in New Orleans for Wing Records, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, but were never released until the 2012 CD The Domino Effect was issued worldwide by Ace Records (United Kingdom). The first time that Hardesty's name appeared on a single was with the Canadian vocal quartet the Diamonds, "Don't Let Me Down" (also known as "Chick-Lets"), which was recorded on March 4, 1958, and released the following month as Mercury 71291. In 1959, Hardesty recorded four tracks in New York City with Hank Jones. Two were released as a single on Paoli, the only release from this label; they were also released shortly after by Mutual, both labels having connections to Philadelphia.The Mutual release was listed on Philadelphia radio station WIBG's Future Forty chart for November 2, 1959, but did not chart elsewhere. The four tracks were purchased by King Records in 1961 and were re-released as two 45s by Federal Records in April and June 1961. Hardesty recorded four more songs in October 1961, which were released in 1962 by Federal; two are not instrumentals and had vocals by the New Orleans guitarist Walter "Papoose" Nelson. Hardesty co-wrote the title track of Fats Domino's 1964 album, Fats on Fire. Association with other musicians
Hardesty continued to tour with Domino until 1971, when he moved to Las Vegas. In 1973, he played trumpet with the Duke Ellington Orchestra at the Hilton Hotel in Las Vegas and was a member of the Count Basie Orchestra for six months, playing tenor saxophone. He became a member of the house band at the Hilton Hotel and backed vocalists including Tony Bennett, Ella Fitzgerald, and Frank Sinatra.In 1978, the drummer Earl Palmer invited Hardesty to record with Tom Waits for the album Blue Valentine. He was a member of Waits's quartet in 1978 and 1979, touring in the United States, Europe and Australia. He played more trumpet than tenor sax. CDs and DVDs of the Waits shows in Austin, Texas, are available. Hardesty rejoined Domino from about 1980 until 2005 and can be heard on numerous live recordings released during these years. He played tenor sax on Dr. John's 1992 album Goin' Back to New Orleans. Over the years Hardesty performed in Europe and privately issued a CD recorded in Germany with the Olaf Polziehn Trio.He also appeared at the Ascona Jazz Festival with the tenor saxophonist Plas Johnson. He recorded with the pianist Mitch Woods for the albums Big Easy Boogie, released in 2006 (followed by a European tour in 2008), and Gumbo Blues, released in 2010. Hardesty continued to perform with Dr. John at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. Reviewing his solos at the 2012 festival, the newspaper Gambit wrote: "All hail <mask>, one of the few remaining alums of the J&M Studio Band whose talents helped create so many hits and classic songs for Fats Domino, Little Richard, Shirley and Lee, and so many others. His presence and fine soloing in Dr. John's sets this Jazz Fest added to the New Orleans feel in Dr. John's new songs." He led his own group, Herb Hardesty & The Dukes, on April 28, 2013, in the Blues tent at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. Hardesty continued to perform in Las Vegas.He died of cancer there on December 3, 2016, at the age of 91. Instruments played
For most of his career, Hardesty played a gold-plated Selmer Mark VI tenor saxophone with an Otto Link mouthpiece. His trumpet was custom-made by Henri Selmer Paris, one of two made in France by a master craftsman; the other was owned by Louis Armstrong. Discography

Herb Hardesty

Singles
 Paoli 1001, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "Perdido Street"
 Mutual 1001, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "Perdido Street"
 Federal 12410, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "69 Mother's Place"
 Federal 12423, "Perdido Street" b/w "Adam and Eva" (the correct title is "Adam and Eve")
 Federal 12444, "Just a Little Bit of Everything" b/w "It Must Be Wonderful"
 Federal 12460, "The Chicken Twist" b/w "Why Did We Have To Part"

Compilation album
 Ace CDTOP 1333, The Domino Effect: Wing and Federal Recordings 1958–61

The Diamonds with Herb Hardesty and His Orchestra

Singles
 Mercury 71291, "Chick-Lets" (also known as "Don't Let Me Down")

Compilation album
 King LP 771, Just a Little Bit of Everything, with James Brown and four other groups

References

External links
 Official website

1925 births
2016 deaths
American saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Herbert Hardesty
Hardesty
Herb Hardesty


title: Thomas Ahearn

texts:
<mask>, PC (June 24, 1855 – June 28, 1938) was a Canadian inventor and businessman. Ahearn, a native of Ottawa, Ontario, was instrumental in the success of a vast streetcar system that was once in Ottawa, the Ottawa Electric Railway, and was the first chairman of Canada's Federal District Commission in 1927. He held several patents related to electrical items and headed companies which competed for decades with Ottawa Hydro as providers for electricity in Ottawa. Ahearn co-founded the Ottawa Car Company, a manufacturer of streetcars for Canadian markets. Life and career
He was born in the Lebreton Flats area of Ottawa in 1855. He started as a messenger in the Chaudière office of the Montreal Telegraph Company (located in J. R. Booth's office). Within the year he was promoted to the company's Sparks Street office.At 19, he went to New York City and worked for two years at Western Union Telegraph Company. He returned to Ottawa and became chief operator for Montreal Telegraph Company. He became a manager of the Bell Telephone Company office in Ottawa in 1880. In 1881, he founded the firm of Ahearn & Soper, electrical contractors, with Warren Soper, former manager of Dominion Telegraph Company's local office. He formed Chaudière Electric Light and Power Company in 1887 and he later merged it with other companies which created the Ottawa Electric Company in 1894. In 1892, he filed patents for both an "electric oven" and a "system of warming cars by means of electrically heated water". The use of this invention that year to prepare a meal which he delivered by streetcar to the Windsor Hotel caused the Ottawa Journal to say "...everything had been cooked by electricity, the first instance on record..." <mask> filed eleven Canadian patents in all.He was founder and president of the Ottawa Electric Railway Company, which provided electric streetcar service in the city and had the first streetcars with electric heaters (a device he patented). After running as a vast and very successful private operation for over half a century, it was later taken over by the Ottawa Transportation Commission. He, with <mask> and William Wylie in September 1893, founded the Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company which manufactured streetcars. In 1901, the Ottawa Electric Railway Company built a 2000-foot canal just north of the Britannia Boathouse Club to generate Hydroelectric power on the Deschênes Rapids. Although the hydroelectric project was abandoned as unfeasible, the unfinished canal was used in 1951 as the basis of the Britannia Yacht Club`s main and inner harbour, which provide 250 wet moorings, fuel and pumpout facilities, for both sail and power boats. In 1905-6, he built a new clubhouse, known as the Britannia Boating Club House. After the new clubhouse, which was designed by Charles Penruddocke William Kivas Band, was destroyed by fire on August 29, 1919, the Club returned to its present location, in a building designed by Edgar Lewis Horwood.On June 23, 1906, he was appointed as director and elected president of Ottawa Gas Company. In 1908, he formed a holding company called the Ottawa Light, Heat and Power Company, Limited, which wholly owned Ottawa Gas Company (which Ahearn & Soper bought) and Ottawa Electric Company. In this way, the private sector continued to compete with Ottawa Hydro for decades. In 1927, he was placed by Prime Minister MacKenzie King as the first chairman of the Federal District Commission, the predecessor to the National Capital Commission. There he had a five-year term ending in 1932. In this capacity, much of Ottawa's parkway network was developed, as well as the Champlain Bridge across the Ottawa River. <mask> was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada in 1928.By 1933, <mask> was listed as:

The Broadcasting Committee of the Diamond Jubilee 1927, chairman
The Federal District Commission, chairman
Ottawa Electric Railway Company, president
Ottawa Traction Company, president
Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company, president
Ottawa Electric Company, president
Ottawa Gas Company, president
Ottawa Light, Heat and Power Company, president
Ottawa Investment Company, president
Ottawa Land Association, president
Ottawa Building Company, president
Ahearn & Soper Limited, vice-president
Wallace Realty Company, vice-president
Bell Telephone Company of Canada, director and executive committee
Canadian Westinghouse Company, director
Northern Electric Company, director
Bank of Montreal, director
Royal Trust Company, director
The Guarantee Company of North America, director
American Institute of Electrical Engineers, member

<mask>n died June 28, 1938. He is interred in Beechwood Cemetery. There is a street name in Ottawa named after him in Britannia. Ahearn & Soper
Ahearn & Soper is an Ottawa company formed as an electrical engineering and contracting business in 1881 by <mask> and Warren Young Soper, former manager of Dominion Telegraph Company's local office. Both men were working for Montreal Telegraph in Ottawa on March 13, 1873. The two founders were responsible for the creation of many companies in the fields of communications, heat, light and power, including the Ottawa Electric Railway Company and early electricity providers in Ottawa. Their principal contracts have been with the Canadian Pacific Railway, Bell Telephone Company, Mackay-Bennett Cable Company of New York, and the North American Telegraph Company.In the mid-1890s, they moved to 56 Sparks Street from 70 Sparks Street. In 1926, they built the Ottawa Electric Building (Albert Ewan, Architect) which still stands on 56 Sparks. Family

<mask>'s first marriage was to Lilias Mackay Fleck. In 1892, in his second marriage, he married Margaret Howitt (likely Margaret Howit Fleck). Margaret was the daughter of Alexander Fleck, President of the Vulcan Iron Works Co., Ottawa, and his wife, Lilias Walker. Margaret was born in Montreal, and was educated at the McGill Model School and at Bute House. The couple travelled in foreign countries with their family.She served as the President of the Victorian Order of Nurses. She was identified with the Local Council of Women, and the Woman's Canadian Historical Society. The couple lived at Buena Vista, 584 Maria Street, Ottawa. <mask>'s son Frank would become the owner of the Ottawa Auditorium and the Ottawa Senators professional ice hockey team. Ahearn's other child, Lilias <mask> Southam(1888-1962) married Harry Southam in 1909. Harry Southam, publisher of the Ottawa Citizen, was part of the Southam newspaper empire. References

Bibliography

1855 births
1938 deaths
Businesspeople from Ottawa
Canadian inventors

masks:
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahear
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Ahearn


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
<mask> (born November 21, 1989) is an American football placekicker and punter who currently is a free agent. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football at Nebraska. He has also been a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Ottawa Redblacks, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Cleveland Browns, Washington Football Team, Houston Texans, and Arizona Cardinals. Early years
<mask> attended Centennial Public Schools in Utica, Nebraska for his first three years of high school before transferring to Kearney High School, where he played high school football for the Bearcats. As a senior, he made 8-of-14 field goals, 41 of 46 extra points, and averaged 41.2 yards per punt. He also played wide receiver, posting 775 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns.He received All-state honors from the Lincoln Journal Star and Omaha World-Herald at the end of the season. In basketball, he was an honorable-mention Class A all-state pick as a senior. In track, he won the long jump and pole vault state championships as a senior, setting a state record in the latter. College career
<mask> turned down other football scholarship offers to walk-on at the University of Nebraska. As a redshirt freshman and as a sophomore, he appeared in all games as the holder for field goals and extra points, while also serving as the backup punter behind Alex Henery. As a junior, he was named the starter at placekicker and punter after Henery graduated. He made 19-of-23 field goals, 43-of-44 extra points and averaged 44.5 yards per punt (sixth in school history).He received Big Ten Special Teams Player of the Week honors three times, while being named Eddleman-Fields Big Ten Punter of the Year and Bakken-Andersen Big Ten Kicker of the Year. He became one of the few specialists in Big Ten history to be named All-Conference both at kicker and punter in the same season. As a senior, the school awarded him with a football scholarship. He made 20-of-27 field goals, all of his 59 extra point attempts, 57 touchbacks out of 96 kickoffs, and averaged 41.8 yards per punt. His 20 field goals ranked second in school history for a season, and his 119 points set a record for most points scored by a kicker. He ranked third overall in conference in scoring and first among kickers. He received the Bakken-Andersen Big Ten Kicker-of-the-Year Award for the second straight year.He finished his career with 39-of-50 made field goals (78%), 219 points, 120 punts for a 43.2-yard average and 43 punts inside the 20-yard line. Collegiate statistics

Professional career

New York Jets
<mask> was signed as an undrafted free agent by the New York Jets after the 2013 NFL Draft on May 12, earning the contract following a rookie minicamp tryout. He was waived on July 23, to make room for placekicker Billy Cundiff. Dallas Cowboys
On August 11, 2013, <mask> was signed by the Dallas Cowboys, to play in the preseason while Dan Bailey recovered from an injury. He was released two weeks later on August 27. Winnipeg Blue Bombers
On May 1, 2014, <mask> signed a contract with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played in two pre-season games for the Bombers before being released by the team due to the restrictions on the number of national and international players on the team's roster; the team kept their Canadian incumbent (Lirim Hajrullahu).Ottawa Redblacks
A few weeks after being released by Winnipeg, he signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. In week four of the season, <mask> was named the CFL's Special Teams Player of the Week after going 6-for-6 on field goals, scoring all the Redblacks' points in an 18–17 decision over the Toronto Argonauts. The victory marked the expansion club's first-ever win. On May 13, 2015, he was released by the Redblacks because of a hip injury he suffered in the prior month, before the start of training camp. He missed all but 4 games during the season due to the injury. Hamilton Tiger-Cats
On May 19, 2016, <mask> signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats after taking part in a team mini-camp. He completed 82% of his field goal attempts that season, going 41-for-50, and had a punt average of 45.9 yards.Cleveland Browns
On March 20, 2017, <mask> signed with the Cleveland Browns. On May 2, he was released after not being able to pass rookie Zane Gonzalez on the depth chart. Ottawa Redblacks (second stint)
On June 10, 2017, <mask> signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. He achieved the same completion percentage as the previous season in Hamilton (82%), recording the same amount of field goals (41) on 50 attempts. His punt average was 46.7 yards. Dallas Cowboys (second stint)

2018 season
On April 4, 2018, <mask> signed with the Dallas Cowboys, to limit the off-season workload of Dan Bailey. He was 4 out of 5 field goal attempts in preseason, which included two 45-yarders and a 57-yard field goal.On September 1, in a surprise move, the Cowboys released Bailey, making <mask> the team's kicker to start the season. His NFL debut came in the season opener against the Carolina Panthers, where he missed his first career field goal attempt (47 yards). He would then go on to make fifteen straight field goal attempts. In Week 4, <mask> kicked all four field goals (32, 43, 22, and 38 yards), including a 38-yard game-winner as time expired, in a 26–24 comeback win over the Detroit Lions, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. On October 14 in a game against the Jacksonville Jaguars, <mask> converted 4 field goals, including a 55-yarder which at the time was his career long and the second-longest field goal in AT&T Stadium behind Dan Bailey's 56-yard field goal. From Week 7 to Week 11, he missed either a field goal or an extra point in 4 straight games. On November 18, <mask> kicked a 48-yard game-winning field goal to beat the Atlanta Falcons.On December 9, 2018, <mask> kicked a new career-long 62-yard field goal against the Philadelphia Eagles as time expired in the first half. The field goal also set a franchise record and tied for the third-longest in NFL history. In Week 16, <mask> converted two field goals (including the second longest in franchise history-59 yards) and three extra points in a 27–20 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. He made 5-of-8 (63%) field goal attempts in the final 4 games (not including playoffs), missing a field goal in three of the last 4 games. He finished with 29-of-36 field goals (80.6%), 32-of-33 extra points and 67.5% touchbacks of his kickoffs. He ranked eighth in the league with 29 field goals and tied for most field goals of at least 50 yards (6), which also tied a franchise record for a single-season. He was 25th in field goal percentage and tied for 11th in the league in accuracy from 40–49 yards (7-of-11).2019 season
In 2019, <mask> struggled with his accuracy during the preseason, but the team showed confidence on his ability by not bringing another kicker to compete with him. On October 13, in a loss against the New York Jets, <mask> became the first kicker in NFL history to have two made field goals of 62 or more yards in a career. On October 6, he made one out of 3 field goal attempts against the Green Bay Packers. On October 20, <mask> set a new career long and broke his own Cowboys franchise record when he scored a 63-yard field goal against the Philadelphia Eagles. On the game, he converted all four of his extra points and all three of his field goals, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. <mask> kept struggling during the season with accuracy issues, but the team was patient, waiting for him to play through it. On November 28, he missed 2 field goals (one deflected) in the 15–26 loss against the Buffalo Bills.On December 5, <mask> missed a 42-yard field goal in the 31–24 loss against the Chicago Bears, his 10th miss of the season. Although he converted a 31-yard attempt in the final two minutes to cut the lead to 7 points, he also hit a kickoff out of bounds early in the fourth quarter, helping the Bears take over at their own 40-yard. After the game he was quoted in the media as saying: "I felt like I hit every ball pretty well tonight. I'll put my head on the pillow tonight feeling good about what I did this week and moving forward". On December 9, with the team experiencing a streak of three straight losses and in danger of missing the playoffs, <mask> was released by the Cowboys due to accuracy concerns. He finished the season converting just 20-of-30 field goals (67%), 7-of-13 (54%) on attempts between 30 and 49 yards, missing at least one attempt in 8 of 13 games and making all 36 extra points. He also set NFL career (3) and single-season (2) records for most field goals made of over 60 yards.He was replaced by Kai Forbath. New York Jets (second stint)
On December 31, 2019, the Jets signed <mask> to a reserve/futures contract and was waived on August 31, 2020. Washington Football Team
<mask> signed with the practice squad of the Washington Football Team on September 10, 2020, before being released on September 30, 2020. Houston Texans
On October 12, 2020, <mask> was signed to the Houston Texans' practice squad. He was released on December 14, 2020. Arizona Cardinals
On December 25, 2020, <mask> was signed to the Arizona Cardinals' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 5, 2021.On March 20, 2021, <mask> was waived after the Cardinals signed placekicker Matt Prater. New Orleans Saints
On August 10, 2021, <mask> signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was waived/injured on August 17 and placed on injured reserve. He was waived on August 21, 2021. He was re-signed to the practice squad on November 16. He was promoted to the active roster on November 19, 2021. In Week 13 against his former team, the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> was 1-for-2 on field goal attempts as the Saints lost 27–17.In Week 15 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers he was responsible for the only points in the game making all three of his field goal attempts in a 9-0 victory. He was waived again on February 22, 2022. References

External links
Nebraska Cornhuskers bio

1989 births
Living people
People from Kearney, Nebraska
Players of American football from Nebraska
American football placekickers
American football punters
American players of Canadian football
Arizona Cardinals players
Canadian football placekickers
Canadian football punters
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
New York Jets players
Dallas Cowboys players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Ottawa Redblacks players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Cleveland Browns players
Washington Football Team players
Houston Texans players
New Orleans Saints players

masks:
Brett Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher
Maher


title: Anthony Koutoufides

texts:
<mask> (born 18 January 1973) is a retired Australian rules footballer with the Carlton Football Club. Considered by many as one of the most powerful and athletic players of all-time, he played in almost every position and was often called the prototype of the modern footballer. Of Greek and Italian descent, <mask> has been an Australian celebrity, making numerous television appearances both during and after his football career. He was a gladiator in the Australian television series Gladiators in character as Kouta, "a Gladiator touched by the gods" and won the Australian version of Dancing with the Stars in 2006. Career
<mask> was recruited from Lalor by Carlton in 1990. He played 50 games in the reserves, where he won the 1991 best and fairest. Beginning his AFL career in 1992, he quickly established himself as one of the most versatile and athletic players ever to play the game.He was a strong mark, a beautiful kick and a hard runner, a state under-16 high jump champion who also competed in the 110m hurdles and the discus, made a choice to switch from track and field athletics to Australian rules football. His profile grew through the early to mid-1990s, and he was a star of the game by 1995. <mask> was best known for both his strong mark, and his incredible one-handed capability at stoppages. He was better than any other player in the league at picking the ball up off the ground with one hand, and then looping that arm over opponents to set up clearing handpasses. He played in Carlton's 1995 premiership, earning All-Australian selection in that year. From 1996 to 1999, <mask> was a solid contributor to the team, playing more often in key positions. This was usually in defence, but played some games in the forward line, scoring his career-best 6.4 against Collingwood in 1997.He was the club leading goalkicker in 1997 with 28 goals. In 1999, he was selected in the final Victorian State of Origin team, his only ever Big V.

<mask> rose to greatness in 2000, his best season. He played 20 games, averaging 26 disposals, over six marks and nearly two goals a game. He managed his career-high 39 disposals against Sydney in Round 8. He was clear favourite in the Brownlow Medal, but suffered a knee injury (torn posterior cruciate ligament) in the Round 20 against Essendon in front of 91,000 fans; he held the equal-lead in the Brownlow count at the time of his injury, but unable to poll votes in the final three games, he ultimately finished fourth. He would also fail to win Carlton's best and fairest, that prize shared between Brett Ratten and Scott Camporeale, but he won the prestigious AFLPA MVP Award (now known as the Leigh Matthews Trophy), and would gain All-Australian selection for the second time; his knee injury would prevent him from taking part in the International Rules series. <mask>' PCL injury was healed before the start of 2001, and he had another stellar season, finally winning his first club best and fairest.However, in the semi-final against Richmond, he again sustained a knee injury, this time a very serious torn anterior cruciate ligament. He would not play again until Round 15, 2002, playing only three games in that year and wearing a specially designed game-day knee brace. <mask>' capacity to jump was severely limited for the following years. Carlton's poor season was put down to his long-term injury. Following the retirement of Andrew McKay, <mask> was made the captain of the team in 2004, a position he held until 2006. As captain, <mask> won his second best and fairest in 2005, once again a key figure in Carlton's midfield. In 2007, he handed the captaincy to Lance Whitnall.Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement from AFL football on 31 July 2007. The decision was made following a hip injury that he suffered against St Kilda in Round 17, 2007 which was discovered to be more severe than first expected. In Round 18, 2007, Carlton vs Collingwood game, he had a lap of honour and a standing ovation before the match from the Carlton players and the supporters. Having played 278 games, <mask> is sixth all-time on Carlton's list. Despite the usual practice of players changing to lower numbers after their junior seasons, <mask> wore the No. 43 guernsey through the prime of his career, and holds VFL/AFL record for games in that number. <mask> was selected in both the Italian and the Greek teams of the century, in the latter of which he was named a vice-captain.He is a life-member of the Carlton Football Club. Furthermore, having played a total of 305 games (278 regular season games, 26 pre-season games, 1 State of Origin game), he is a life-member of the AFL. In 2014, he was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame. Memorable performances
Standing out amongst <mask>' career are two particularly memorable performances. In Round 5, 1996, against West Coast at Optus Oval, <mask> dominated on the wing. He took his career-high 18 marks, including the final game-saving mark which kept the Blues ahead by one point. It was included in the "Memorable Moments" competition for the Optus Oval farewell.The second was his final quarter against Essendon in the 1999 preliminary final. In the final quarter, <mask> moved into the midfield, and drifted forward and back, to finish with ten kicks and six marks, generating four clearances, three rebounds and two goals, helping the Blues to come from 11 points behind to famously beat the heavily favoured Bombers by one point. The performance was described by club legend (and later, president) Stephen Kernahan as "the greatest quarter of football ever played". Controversy
Through the mid-1990s, <mask> was hot property, becoming a pin-up boy for the club, appearing in the Men For All Seasons calendar on numerous occasions and being an AFL face of Nike and adidas in the mid-1990s. Competition between those rival companies for boots sponsorship caused a particular controversy in 1997, with <mask> having an individual adidas sponsorship, and Carlton having a team Nike sponsorship. The "Kouta's Boots" scandal nearly resulted in <mask> missing games unless he could fulfil his own endorsement contract, but the issue was resolved before any such action was taken. There was criticism that, in later years, <mask> did not deserve his $1 million contract, as he missed a vast number of matches due to injuries to his knee, hamstring and hand.However, much of <mask>' salary during the height of his career was deferred to later contracts for salary cap reasons. Playing statistics

|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1992
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 49 || 27 || 76 || 13 || 1 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 8.2 || 4.5 || 12.7 || 2.2 || 0.2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1993
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 8 || 2 || 5 || 68 || 48 || 116 || 19 || 13 || 0.3 || 0.6 || 8.5 || 6.0 || 14.5 || 2.4 || 1.6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 22 || 6 || 10 || 222 || 107 || 329 || 62 || 26 || 0.3 || 0.5 || 10.1 || 4.9 || 15.0 || 2.8 || 1.2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center;" | 1995
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 25 || 22 || 13 || 294 || 216 || 510 || 128 || 50 || 0.9 || 0.5 || 11.8 || 8.6 || 20.4 || 5.1 || 2.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 24 || 24 || 15 || 318 || 201 || 519 || 145 || 36 || 1.0 || 0.6 || 13.3 || 8.4 || 21.6 || 6.0 || 1.5
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 22 || 28 || 32 || 270 || 156 || 426 || 95 || 20 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 12.3 || 7.1 || 19.4 || 4.3 || 0.9
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 21 || 11 || 12 || 225 || 126 || 351 || 95 || 23 || 0.5 || 0.6 || 10.7 || 6.0 || 16.7 || 4.5 || 1.1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 20 || 9 || 5 || 236 || 164 || 400 || 116 || 19 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 11.8 || 8.2 || 20.0 || 5.8 || 1.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 20 || 36 || 19 || 282 || 239 || 521 || 127 || 40 || 1.8 || 1.0 || 14.1 || 12.0 || 26.1 || 6.4 || 2.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 22 || 32 || 20 || 271 || 238 || 509 || 126 || 62 || 1.5 || 0.9 || 12.3 || 10.8 || 23.1 || 5.7 || 2.8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 3 || 3 || 0 || 14 || 14 || 28 || 7 || 4 || 1.0 || 0.0 || 4.7 || 4.7 || 9.3 || 2.3 || 1.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 22 || 6 || 7 || 234 || 234 || 468 || 55 || 77 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 10.6 || 10.6 || 21.3 || 2.5 || 3.5
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 12 || 15 || 10 || 109 || 86 || 195 || 43 || 43 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 9.1 || 7.2 || 16.3 || 3.6 || 3.6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 22 || 13 || 11 || 223 || 205 || 428 || 75 || 62 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 10.1 || 9.3 || 19.5 || 3.4 || 2.8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 18 || 12 || 14 || 169 || 172 || 341 || 89 || 65 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 9.4 || 9.6 || 18.9 || 4.9 || 3.6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 43 || 11 || 6 || 2 || 81 || 97 || 178 || 29 || 27 || 0.5 || 0.2 || 7.4 || 8.8 || 16.2 || 2.6 || 2.5
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 278
! 226
!176
! 3065
! 2330
! 5395
! 1224
! 568
! 0.8
!0.6
! 11.0
! 8.4
! 19.4
! 4.4
! 2.0
|}

Honours and achievements

Team
AFL Premiership (Carlton): 1995
McClelland Trophy (Carlton): 1995
Pre-Season Cup (Carlton): 1997, 2005, 2007
Individual
Leigh Matthews Trophy (AFLPA MVP Award): 2000
All-Australian: 1995, 2000
Australian Football Media Association Player of the Year Award: 2000
Robert Reynolds Trophy/John Nicholls Medal (Carlton F.C. Best & Fairest): 2001, 2005
Carlton F.C.Leading Club Goalkicker Award: 1997
Carlton F.C. Captain: 2004–2006
Victorian Representative Honours: 1999
Carlton F.C. Life-Member
AFL Life-Member
Greek Team of the Century – Centre (VC)
Italian Team of the Century – Centre Half-Back
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductee: 2014

Beyond football

In October 2002, <mask> married Susie Angeloski. They have three children – sons Jamie and Lukas and daughter Monique. On 28 November 2006, <mask> won the fifth season of the Seven Network's Dancing with the Stars. In 2008, <mask> played "Kouta the Greek God" in the Seven Network's revival of Gladiators. On the show he was usually referred to as "Kouta, a Gladiator touched by the gods".<mask> owned the Souvlaki Hut restaurant in Templestowe Lower with former Carlton teammate Ang Christou and became the advertising face for the franchise until its closure in early 2011. References

External links

<mask> at the Carlton Football Club website

<mask> profile in Blueseum

1973 births
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian people of Italian descent
All-Australians (AFL)
Carlton Football Club players
Carlton Football Club Premiership players
Victorian State of Origin players
Leigh Matthews Trophy winners
John Nicholls Medal winners
Lalor Football Club players
Dancing with the Stars (Australian TV series) winners
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Living people
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

masks:
Anthony Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Anthony Koutoufides
Anthony Koutoufides


title: Kate Rice

texts:
<mask> (December 22, 1882 – January 3, 1963) was a Canadian prospector, adventurer, and writer from Ontario who homesteaded, prospected and mined in northern Manitoba. She garnered widespread attention for her adventurous life, brilliant mind, statuesque beauty, and for succeeding in the mineral industry, which very few women were engaged with at the time. Early life and family

<mask> was born in 1882 to <mask> (1857 - 1933) and Charlotte "Lottie<mask> (1862-1941), an upper-middle-class family in St. Marys, Ontario. Her father struggled with the changing business climate as a grain merchant who had inherited full shares in Carter Milling Co. on the death of his father-in-law, founder George Carter (1826-1899), who was a native of Tipperary, Ireland. Her paternal grandfather, Rev. Dr. <mask> (1815 - 1884), was a progressive Methodist Minister who had founded a college for women in Hamilton. H.L.<mask> taught his daughter to canoe and to camp along the St. Mary's River, at the age of six, regaled her with tales of Daniel Boone, and imparted a life-long taste for adventure and the outdoors. Education and career

<mask> attended the University of Toronto, winning the Edward Blake Scholarship twice. She studied Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy, graduating in 1906. In 1908, <mask> moved west to Tees, Alberta, where she taught at a summer school. She then took a position as a Professor of Mathematics at Albert College, in Belleville, Ontario, then taught in Yorkton, Saskatchewan during 1911 and 1912. She there began to explore the Canadian Rockies, and took up mountaineering, mainly in the Cascade Mountains. This became her passion, and she later joined the Alpine Club Of Canada.At the age of 29, <mask> decided she wanted to homestead, and to participate in the opening of Canada's "new frontier" in the North. Since, until 1929, women were not considered legal persons in Canada, and so were prevented from owning property or holding legal title to homesteads, <mask> enlisted her brother, Lincoln, to purchase  for her, in his name, north of The Pas, Manitoba. <mask> began to farm in 1913. Prospecting
Soon after <mask> moved to The Pas, there was word of gold being discovered  north on Beaver Lake. <mask> began studying prospecting and read everything she found on geology. She befriended local Cree, and learned their language, and to hunt and trap animals. In 1914, <mask> borrowed money, a "grubstake", from an old college friend, and hired a Cree guide to take her north to Beaver Lake by dogsled.She then travelled further north by canoe to Brochet to begin prospecting. On this first foray, <mask> discovered zinc showings at Reindeer Lake but did not stake the claim as there was no railway to the area and it would be difficult to develop. In 1915, she took her own dog team to explore the Beaver Lake area where she went on to stake her first claims. During this time <mask> hired "Old Isaac" a local Cree Elder, to teach her how to trap, hunt, mush dogs, and shoot. The local Cree called her "Mooniasquao" ("white woman"). The following year, <mask> entered into a partnership with Richard "Dick" Woosey. Woosey was a veteran of the British 18th Royal Hussars Regiment who had fought in the Boer War, in India and along the Afghan border.The two built a remote cabin together and worked as a team until Woosey's death in 1940. While there was frequent speculation about their personal relationship, <mask> always insisted it was strictly professional. In 1917, <mask> staked more claims at Herb Lake and had them surveyed, proved, and assessed. For several decades afterward, <mask> prospected the Wekusko Lake, Herb Lake, and Snow Lake areas, as well as in the Burntwood and Flin Flon mineral belts. In 1928, <mask> visited Toronto, where she began to garner media attention as "...a most picturesque feminine visitor" who was making a name for herself in the notoriously rugged world of northern trapping and prospecting. (<mask> was hard to overlook, standing six feet tall with golden blonde hair bobbed around a brilliant mind.) For years afterwards, the Toronto Star would hound her while she was on her regular visits south to see her parents and international papers as far away as Australia would regularly record her exploits.<mask> occasionally wrote well-received articles for the Toronto Star about topics of more interest to her than to tabloid journalism. <mask> was once offered $500,000 for one of her claims, but decided to hold out for twice that amount. Unfortunately, the buyer eventually walked away and she was only able to sell it for $20,000 to International Nickel (INCO). <mask> and Woosey were later sued by C. E. Hermann, a former associate, for breach of contract involving another claim that was valued (for a time) at $5 million. Her many copper and nickel discoveries ultimately led to the development of large mining operations and the creation of the mining hub of Thompson, Manitoba. Later years

From 1940 onwards <mask> lived in her log cabin on her island on Wekusko Lake, writing, gardening, fishing, trapping, and prospecting in her small 12 ft canvas canoe "Duckling". She wrote several articles in scientific journals about meteorological and astronomical observations she had made in her travels through Canada's north.She became well known, as well, for her ability to raise and train sled dogs, and for her skill in mushing them without resorting to the use of a whip. After so many years living in isolation on her island, <mask> became worried for her own sanity. She left the wilderness in 1960 at the age of 77 to check into the Brandon Mental Institution. After examination, the doctors assured her she was not crazy, but rather was "just a prospector". Nonetheless, in 1962 <mask> moved herself into a nursing home in Minnedosa, Manitoba where she died a year later. Penniless in the end, she was buried in an unmarked grave. Recognition
The island upon which <mask> lived on Wekusko Lake was officially recognized as Rice Island in 1946.In 2013 a plaque was installed on the island that read: "In Memory of Kathleen ‘<mask><mask>. With the aurora borealis illuminating her pioneering trail, her courage and ethics spoke volumes, while her deeds and prospecting helped define the North we know." In 2009, the Snow Lake newspaper, Underground Press, spearheaded a fundraising campaign to erect a headstone on <mask>’s grave in Minnedosa which read "Prospector and Pioneer of the North, Extraordinary Woman of the Wilds". A similar stone was erected in The Pas on Dick Woosey's grave. The Canadian Mining Hall of Fame inducted <mask> in 2013. A relative donated <mask>'s papers, including an unpublished memoir and drawings, to the University of Manitoba Archives. See also
History of Manitoba
List of Female Adventurers

References

Further reading
 Headframes, Happiness and Heartaches: Mines of Manitoba, by Richard Brent Parres and Marc Jackson, James and Audrey Parres, 2009.CBC Radio - Extraordinary Woman of the Wilds: <mask>

1882 births
1963 deaths
Female polar explorers
People from St. Mary's, Ontario
Canadian gold prospectors
Canadian miners
Canadian prospectors
Women in mining
Writers from Ontario
20th-century Canadian women writers
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century Canadian educators
20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian women non-fiction writers

masks:
Kate Rice
Kathleen Cighton Starr Rice
Henry Lincoln Rice
" Carter Rice
Samuel Dwight Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Kate
’ Rice
Rice
Kate Rice
Rice
Kate Rice


title: Jayna Hefford

texts:
<mask> (born May 14, 1977) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and current chairperson of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association. During her career, she won multiple medals at the Winter Olympics and IIHF World Women's Championships as well as titles in the National Women's Hockey League and Canadian Women's Hockey League. She helped Canada win four-straight Olympic gold medals from 2002 to 2014 and famously scored the gold-medal winning goal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. At the club level across three leagues, she scored 439 goals in 418 competitive games including a CWHL record 44 goals in 2008-09. She was selected to be inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame on June 26, 2018. On July 19, 2018, <mask> was named interim commissioner of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. She was named a 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient.Hefford was born in Trenton, Ontario, but grew up in Kingston, Ontario. She previously played for the Mississauga Chiefs and Brampton Thunder. Playing career
At the 1994 national under-18 championship, Hefford was part of the gold medal winning Ontario team. In 1995, Hefford participated with the Ottawa Regional Select Team in a series against the U.S. National Under-18 Team. Hefford was the captain of Team Ontario at the 1995 Canada Winter Games. U of T Varsity Blues
Hefford played for the Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program, which represented the University of Toronto. In the 1997 OWIAA semifinal, Hefford was part of the Varsity Blues squad which defeated the Guelph Gryphons by a 4–1 tally.In that game, Hefford accumulated three helpers. In the 1997 OWIAA gold medal game, scored 23 seconds into overtime and she believed that the goal clinched the gold medal for the Blues. A little-known rule denied Hefford and her teammates the Blues second consecutive title. OWIAA league rules indicated that the first five-minute overtime session in a playoff game must be played in its entirety (as a regular period). It was advised that the game would continue after Hefford's goal and York won the game in the second overtime. Hefford joined former University of Toronto student-athlete Heather Moyse as the only University of Toronto graduates to claim a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games. She is currently an assistant coach with her former team.Hockey Canada
At the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, Hefford ranked second on Team Canada with 12 points (5 goals, 7 assists) in 5 games on the way to her fourth medal (third gold). In the 2006 tournament, Hefford scored three goals and added four assists to finish third on the team in scoring and Canada again won the gold medal. It was her second gold medal while participating in her third Olympics. She also won a silver medal with the Canadian team at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City, Hefford scored the game-winning goal in the gold medal game against Team USA with four seconds remaining in the second period. Hefford won the gold in six World Championships – 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2007. In 1999 and 2000, Hefford was Team Canada's leading scorer.Her two third period goals in the 2000 championship game pushed the contest into overtime, allowing Canada the opportunity to win. At the 2005 Esso National Women's Championships, she was named the Best Forward for Group A. On January 1, 2010, in Ottawa, Ontario, she was honoured before a game versus Team USA for reaching the 200-game plateau in her Team Canada career in November. She would go on to score the lone shootout goal later that night. In the first game of the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, Hefford registered a hat trick in a 16–0 victory over Switzerland. In the third game of the tournament, she scored two goals in an 11–0 shutout over Slovakia. In an exhibition game versus the United States on August 29, 2011, Hefford scored a power play goal, and then scored twice in the shootout as Canada defeated the United States by a 4–3 tally.In a game versus Russia at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, Hefford registered a four-point performance (two goals, two assists) in a 14–1 victory. Hefford again played for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics, earning her fourth gold medal. After 17 years, four Olympic gold medals and multiple world championships, she retired from the national women's team at age 38, after sitting out the 2014-2015 season. She stands second only to Hayley Wickenheiser in all-time games played (267), goals (157) and points (291) for Canada. The pair are the only two Canadian women to have played in all five Olympic women's hockey tournaments starting in 1998, winning four gold and one silver medal. They are among only five athletes (with teammate Caroline Ouellette) to win gold in four consecutive Winter Games. Hefford also appeared in 12 of 16 women's world hockey championships earning seven gold medals.Club hockey
<mask> <mask> made her senior competitive debut with the Mississauga Chiefs in 1996–97, scoring 32 goals in 30 games and winning Rookie of the Year honours in the Central Ontario Women's Hockey League. After spending the 1997–98 season with Canada, she joined the newly-formed Brampton Thunder for the 1998–99 season and finished second in the league with 34 goals scored in just 27 games (with the league renamed the National Women's Hockey League midway through the season). After scoring 25 goals in 1999–2000, she won her first goal-scoring title in 2000–01 with 36 goals. She also led the league in scoring with 69 points. After spending the 2001–02 season with Canada, she returned to the Thunder and scored 37 goals in 2002–03, an NWHL record 41 goals in 2003-04, and 39 goals in 2004-05. She was the NWHL's Player of the Year in 2004–05. She then spent the 2005–06 season with Canada, winning her third-straight Olympic gold medal.In 2006–07, Hefford eclipsed the 40-goal plateau for the second time in her NWHL career, also leading the league with a career-best 70 points. In the playoffs, she helped the Thunder win the NWHL playoff championship. In 2007–08, she led the new Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) with 26 goals in 27 games for the Brampton Canadettes Thunder. She was named the CWHL's Most Valuable Player of the 2007–08 CWHL season, an award voted on by the league's six team captains. In addition, she was also a CWHL Central All-Star. Despite winning CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours on four separate occasions (September, November, December, January), she lost the Angela James Bowl scoring race by three points to Jennifer Botterill's 61 points. It marked the first time since 1999–2000 that in a year when Hefford played a full season, she did not win her league scoring race.In the playoffs, Hefford helped Brampton win the first CWHL championship. In 2008–09, she won the Angela James Bowl after scoring 69 points in 28 games. She set new league records with 69 points, 44 goals, 11 power-play goals, six shorthanded goals and seven hat tricks. She is the first player in the Canadian Women's Hockey League to record 100 career points. She recorded the record-setting point milestone on January 17, 2009 in a win over the Montreal Stars. In 2009–10, she was absent from the Brampton Thunder for most of the season due to the centralization of Canada's women's hockey Olympic team. After Canada's win in Vancouver, she returned to participate in the Clarkson Cup and had a goal and an assist in Brampton's semi-final win over the Montreal Stars.Brampton lost to the Minnesota Whitecaps in the final. On January 18, 2011, the Thunder competed against the Montreal Stars at the Invista Centre in Kingston, Ontario. This is team captain <mask> <mask>'s hometown and she scored a goal in front of her closest friends, family and fans. In addition, her number 15 was raised to the rafters of the Invista Centre on behalf of the Kingston Area Minor Hockey Association. As of 2012, no sweaters bearing Hefford's number will be used in Kingston minor hockey. Hefford scored 439 goals in 418 games in the COWHL, NWHL, and CWHL. She was the NWHL's all-time leading goalscorer with 252 goals from 1998–99 to 2006–07.In a seven-year stretch from 2000–01 to 2006–07, she won or co-won five NWHL scoring titles and won five NWHL goal-scoring titles. The only years in which she did not win were 2001–02 and 2005–06, the two years in which she missed most of the club campaign because she was away winning a gold medal with Canada's Olympic team. Hefford also retired as the CWHL's all-time leader in goals (130) and points (234), although both records have since been broken. In 2017, she was named to the All-Time CWHL Team from the league's first decade. Post-playing career

In 2016, the CWHL introduced the Jayna Hefford Trophy in her honour. Awarded to the most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the players of the CWHL, the first winner of the Trophy was Marie-Philip Poulin, a former teammate of Hefford at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Games. Heading into the 2018–19 CWHL season, <mask> was appointed to the position of interim commissioner of the CWHL.Announced on July 19, 2018, replacing inaugural commissioner Brenda Andress, Hefford took on the role on August 1, 2018. A week after the 2019 Clarkson Cup Final, the CWHL announced that is was no longer viable, and would be closing down on May 1, 2019. The Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) was formed from the fall out, and the player members asked Hefford to be the Operations Consultant of the Association. Personal
Hefford was raised by her parents Larry and Sandra along with her brother Mike; she calls Kingston, Ontario her home town. She began playing hockey around the age of six. Hefford is mother to two daughters, Isla and Arwen, and a son, Lachlan, with her partner, former Team USA Olympian and Canadian Women's Hockey League co-founder Kathleen Kauth. Both have also served on the coaching staff for the University of Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program under head coach Vicky Sunohara.Hefford is a national spokesperson for the Canadian Hockey Association's Initiation Programme. In 2009, she set up a charity golf tournament, the Jayna Hefford Links 4 Life Golf Classic, in July 2009. The tournament raised $15,000 for the cancer and palliative care undertaken at Kingston's university hospitals. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours
1996–97 OWIAA Rookie of the Year
Top scorer in the OWIAA (1996–97)
Angela James Bowl, 2008–09
CWHL Most Valuable Player, 2007–08
CWHL Top Forward, 2008–09
CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09
CWHL Central All-Stars, 2007–08
1996/97 Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Association Rookie of the Year, as well as the 1998 Kingston and Ontario Amateur Athlete of the Year. Recognized at the 1999 and 2000 World Championships as the tournament's top goal scorer and scored at least one point in every game at the 2000 event in Canada. In 2002, Hefford was inducted into the Brampton Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Top Forward, 2003 Esso Women's Nationals
 2004 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward and was named to the Tournament All Star team.2005 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward
 Top Forward, 2006 Esso Women's National Hockey Championship, Pool A
 Top Forward at the 2008 Esso Women's National Championship in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient

References

External links

 Official website
 Nine questions with <mask> Hefford
 Profile on Canadian Olympic Committee

1977 births
Living people
Angela James Bowl winners
Brampton Thunder players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian sports executives and administrators

Canadian women's ice hockey players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT ice hockey players
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Order of Hockey in Canada recipients
People from Quinte West
Sportspeople from Kingston, Ontario
Toronto Varsity Blues ice hockey players
Women ice hockey executives

masks:
Jayna Hefford
Hefford
Jayna
Hefford
Jayna
Hefford
Hefford
Jayna


title: Enrico Palandri

texts:
<mask> (b. Venice 1956) is an Italian academic, writer and translator. Biography
Palandri graduated with a degree in Dramaturgy from the DAMS (The Disciplines of Art, Music and Theatre) school at the University of Bologna, where he studied with Gianni Celati, Giuliano Scabia and Umberto Eco. During the Movement of 1977 in Italy, he curated a book on Radio Alice, Fatti Nostri with Carlo Rovelli, Maurizio Torrealta and Claudio Piersanti. Palandri’s first novel, Boccalone, is also set in Bologna during this same timeframe. The novel was published in 1979 through L’erba voglio press, run by Elvio Fachinelli, and then republished various times by Feltrinelli and Bompiani. Palandri moved to London in 1980, where he worked as a language coach for the Royal Opera House and as a journalist (collaborating with RAI, the BBC and numerous newspapers). In 1993, Palandri was given a Writing Residency post at the University College (London).As of 2003, he also taught a semester each year at Ca' Foscari University of Venice.. He still holds the posts of Writer in Residence and Professor of Modern European Literature at the UCL. Palandri has given talks on literature at universities in South America, Russia, China and Taiwan. Palandri’s novels, articles and essays have appeared in multiple languages and have received numerous prizes (Fenice Europa, Dessi’, Mastronardi, etc.). In 2003, he was conferred the title of “Commendatore” in the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity for his cultural contributions by Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. Publication History

After Boccalone, <mask> collaborated with Marco Bellocchio to write the script of the film Diavolo in Corpo (Devil in the Flesh) (1986). He then published six novels: Le pietre e il sale (English: Ages Apart) (1986), La via del ritorno (English: The Way Back) (1997), Le colpevoli ambiguita’ di Herbert Markus (1997), Angela prende il volo (2000), L’altra sera (English: The Other Evening) (2003), I fratelli minori (2010).In this cycle, reworked in a single narrative and published by Bompiani with the title "Le condizioni atmosferiche" (2020) such themes are explored as: “Historical events and social changes of great importance: from the student movement of 1977, to political terrorism, to the fall of the Berlin Wall to the radical changes imposed on European society due to the global phenomenon of migration.” (1)

Palandri has written short stories and other pieces published in newspapers and review journals, collected in large part in the volume Allegro fantastico (1993). Palandri has published two ballads in verse: La strega mia amica (English: Little Witch) (1986) and Orfeo a teatro (2007). Palandri has also translated into Italian works by Eudora Welty, Robert McLiam Wilson and the brothers George and Weedon Grossmith. Critical Contributions

Pier (2005, on Pier Vittorio Tondelli) and Primo Levi (2011, on the Piedmont writer of the same name) are a monograph and an anthology respectively, with prefaces and commentaries which contextualize the corpus of work written concerning the two Italian authors. The volumes La deriva romantica (2002) and Flow (2011) are, instead, books with a very strong theoretical focus. They discuss, in large part, questions relative to style, to the process of textual generation and the generation of metaphors, which are attributed to an independent vitality, not rhetoric but dynamically linked to content, and which qualifies literature. Flow begins with this phrase: “Poems and novels are the metaphors by which reality is brought into focus”.A single conversational flow is articulated through literary surfaces, in expression, and in profundity, in an atemporal dimension which creates cracks in those surfaces, which gives rise to the invention that the work is the space itself. In this volume, observations made in 16 appunti sulle metafore are added onto theoretical articulation, observations published and elaborated on various times in different contributing contexts before being collected in La deriva romantica. Lectures on diverse subjects given by Palandri at various universities have been published and are available online.
" Verso L'infinito" is a monograph on Giacomo Leopardi's poem. Works

 Boccalone: storia vera piena di bugie, Milan: L’erba voglio, 1979; n. ed. Milan: Feltrinelli, 1988; n. ed. Milan: Bompiani, 1997; ivi, 2011.Le pietre e il sale, Milan: Garzanti, 1986. Translated into English and Catalan. A translation of Eudora Welty, Come mi sono scoperta scrittore, Milan: Leonardo, 1989
 La via del ritorno, Milan: Bompiani, 1990; n. ed. Milan: Feltrinelli, 2001. Translated into German, English and French. Finalist for the “France Culture” prize for the year’s best European novel. A translation of George and Weedon Grossmith, Diario di nessuno, Milan: Marcos y Marcos, 1991.Allegro fantastico, Milan: Bompiani, 1993. Finalist for the Pisa Prize. Le colpevoli ambiguita’ di Herbert Markus, Milan: Bompiani, 1997. Finalist for the Stresa Prize. Angela prende il volo, Milan: Feltrinelli, 2000, finalist for the Fenice Europa Prize, Mastronardi Prize, and Dessi’ Prize. La deriva romantica: ipotesi sulla letteratura e sulla scrittura, Novara: Interlinea, 2002. L’altra sera, Milan: Feltrinelli, 2003.Finalist for the Bancarella Sport Prize. Translated into English, 2012. Italia Fantastica, special issue of “Panta”, edited by Mario Fortunato and <mask>, Milan: Bompiani, 2004. Pier. Tondelli e la generazione, Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2005. Orfeo a teatro: canzone a tre voci per Orfeo, Euridice e un tecnico delle luci, Venice: Fondazione Querini Stampalia, 2007. I fratelli minori, Milan: Bompiani, 2010.Translated into English, 2012. Primo Levi, Florence: Le Monnier, 2011. Flow, Siena: Barbera, 2011. "L'inventore di se stesso", Milan, Bompiani 2017
 "Verso l'infinito", Mlan, Bompiani 2017
 "Le condizioni atmosferiche" Milan, Bompiani 2020

Notes

(1)	Minardi and Francioso, 2011. References

Generazione in movimento, edited by <mask> and Monica Francioso, Ravenna, Longo 2010
<mask> and Monica Francioso, <mask>, Florence, Cadmo 2011
Alberto della Rovere, Dialogo con <mask>ri, Zermeghedo, Edizioni Saecula 2015

1956 births
Writers from Venice
20th-century Italian writers
20th-century Italian male writers
University of Bologna alumni
Living people

masks:
Enrico Palandri
Palandri
Enrico Palandri
Enrico Minardi
Enrico Minardi
Enrico Palandri
Enrico Paland


title: Ernest Wood

texts:
<mask> (18 August 1883 – 17 September 1965) was a noted English yogi, theosophist, Sanskrit scholar, and author of numerous books, including Concentration – An Approach to Meditation, Yoga and The Pinnacle of Indian Thought (1967). Youth and education

Born in Manchester, England, <mask> was educated at the Manchester Municipal College of Technology, where he studied chemistry, physics and geology. Because of his interest in Buddhism and Yoga, he began studying Sanskrit during his late teen years. He became president of his local Theosophist chapter in 1907 at age 24, then embraced the larger world by moving in 1908 to Adyar, India, the Society's world headquarters. Theosophy

As a young man, <mask> became interested in Theosophy after listening to lectures by the theosophist Annie Besant, whose personality impressed him greatly. He joined the society's Manchester lodge and in 1908 followed Besant, who had become President of the Theosophical Society Adyar, to India. <mask> became one of her assistants, working with Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater, who had arrived in Adyar in 1909.<mask> observed the discovery of the boy Jiddu Krishnamurti by Leadbeater, who soon declared Krishnamurti to be the vehicle for the "coming World Teacher". <mask>'s account of this discovery is in his autobiography, Is this Theosophy...?, published in 1936, and in two articles written after that. At Besant's suggestion, <mask> became involved in education, and after 1910, he served as headmaster of several schools and colleges founded by the Theosophical Society. <mask> became Professor of Physics, Principal and President of the Sind National College and the Madanapalle College, both teaching colleges of the Bombay and Madras Universities. <mask> promoted theosophical ideas, conducting lecturing tours and publishing numerous articles, essays and books on a variety of theosophical subjects, among them a digest of Helena P. Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine. He lectured throughout India and travelled to many countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, meeting the spiritual teacher Meher Baba aboard the ship Conte Rosso in April 1932. He continued to reside in India until the close of World War II, when he relocated to the United States.<mask> become disillusioned about the future of the Theosophical Society and began to study the yoga classics. Following the Krishnamurti affair, which caused a splitting of the society, <mask> campaigned for election to the office of president after Annie Besant's death in 1933. He was defeated by George Arundale, one of Charles Leadbeater's close allies, in a campaign that <mask> later described as unfair and questionable. Disenchanted with the society's direction, but impressed with the now mature and independent Krishnamurti, <mask> turned to Yoga. Yoga

In India, <mask> had encountered many yogis and Hindu pundits. As a practising yogi, vegetarian and teetotaller, having adopted this lifestyle after reading Sir Edwin Arnold's The Light of Asia in his boyhood, he was warmly received by Indian yogis, many of whom became <mask>'s friends and advisers. During his early years in Adyar, the Head of the Vedantic Monastery Shri Shringeri Shivaganga Samasthanam in Mysore Province, Sri Jagat Guru Shankara Charya Swami, bestowed upon <mask> the title of "Shri Sattwikagraganya" in recognition of his efforts to introduce Indian pupils to Sanskrit.<mask> did not officially become a student of any Indian master. However, during a visit to New York in 1928(? ), he again met with Krishnamurti, who was leaving the Theosophical Society to become an independent teacher, renouncing the ceremonies and occult hierarchies created by the leadership of the Society. This meeting affected <mask> deeply, and he returned to the classic yoga literature as a source of inspiration. <mask> spent his remaining years writing and publishing on yoga. He moved to the United States, where he served for a short time as president and dean of the American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco, and later moved to Houston, Texas, working for the University of Houston. Shortly after his arrival in India, <mask> had begun translating the Indian classics, such as the Garuda Purana.In the late 1920s, he began a thorough study of the Yoga classics with the assistance of several Hindu scholars, leading to the publication of numerous translations of famous yoga texts such as the Bhagavad Gita, Patañjali's Yoga Sutras, Shankara's Viveka Chudamani. In his commentaries to these translations, <mask> tried to make these texts' philosophical ideas applicable to modern life. His writings contain many references to his own practical experiences in these matters. Together with his concise treatises of yoga, such as the volume Yoga, Penguin Books, 1959/62, and his earlier writings on concentration and memory training, <mask>'s works contain a complete introduction to the classic texts of Raja Yoga, or the yoga of the mind, with a sparing use of Sanskrit expressions. Later life

During their years in India, <mask> and his wife Hilda had become familiar with the pioneering educational work of Dr. Maria Montessori. In 1939, Maria Montessori was persona non grata with the fascist government of Mussolini for refusing to do its bidding. The Theosophical Society extended an invitation to her to come to Adyar, India.She accepted it and lived there from 1939 to 1948, During those years, many Montessori schools were founded in India. Hilda, <mask> and Maria Montessori were vital forces in their founding. It is reasonable to assume that, being in the same vicinity and working toward the same goals for some seven years, there must have been considerable interaction among the three. <mask> and Hilda made their home in Houston, Texas in the late 1950s where they became active in the Unitarian Fellowship of Houston in 1959. "Hilda focused on developing a Fellowship library and began talking about establishing a Montessori school – <mask> was frequently asked to deliver inspirational talks." They successfully opened the Montessori school in the Fall of 1962 with a student body of children of mostly Unitarian parents. Hilda and <mask> ordered all the Montessori materials and Maria Montessori's writings from England and India – none existed in the US in 1962.<mask> was president of the school's first Board of Trustees. The couple took up residence in a small cottage adjacent to the Fellowship property on Wirt Road in the Spring Branch district of Houston. They nurtured the school until <mask>'s death in 1965 and Hilda's in 1968. The Board of Trustees decided to name School of the Woods after its founders. d

<mask> died on 17 September 1965, days after finishing his translation of Shankara's Viveka Chudamani, which was posthumously published and entitled The pinnacle of Indian thought. References

Further reading

Partial List of Works

The Garuda Purana (Saroddhara). The Sacred Books of the Hindus, Vol.9. Indian Press 1911. The Seven Rays. 1925. The Intuition of the Will. The Theosophical Press 1927. An Englishman Defends Mother India.A Complete Constructive Reply to "Mother India", Ganesh & Co. 1929, revised 1930. The Occult Training of the Hindus, 1931 (republished in 1976 under the title Seven Schools of Yoga by the Theosophical Publishing House). The Song of Praise to the Dancing Shiva. Ganesh & Co. 1931. Mind and Memory Training. Theosophical Publishing House 1936. Is this Theosophy...?(Autobiography) Rider & Co. 1936. Practical Yoga, Ancient and Modern, with an Introduction by Paul Brunton. E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 1948. Concentration – An Approach to Meditation. Theosophical Publishing House 1949. The Glorius Presence, A Study of the Vedanta Philosophy and Its Relation to Modern Thought, Including a New Translation of Shankara's Ode to the South-Facing Form.Rider & Co. 1952. Great Systems of Yoga. Philosophical Library 1954. The Bhagavad Gita Explained, With a New and Literal Translation. New Century Foundation Press 1954. Yoga Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1956.Zen Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1957. Yoga. Penguin Books 1959. Revised 1962. A Study of Pleasure and Pain. The Theosophical Press 1962.Vedanta Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1964. The Pinnacle of Indian Thought, Being a new, independent translation of the Viveka Chudamani (Crest Jewel of Discrimination) with commentaries. The Theosophical Publishing House, 1967. Come Unto Me and Other Writings. The Theosophical Publishing House 2000. External links
Full text of <mask>'s 1936 autobiography, "Is this Theosophy?"Full text of Concentration. A Practical Course – With a Supplement on Meditation
Full text of Natural Theosophy
Full text of The Garuda Purana at sacred-texts.com
Full text of Great Systems of Yoga at sacred-texts.com
Short Author's Biography of E<mask> at Quest Books (http://www.questbooks.net/)
<mask>: "Clairvoyant investigations by C.W. Leadbeater on Alcyone's (or Krishnamurti's) previous lives". (with extensive notes by
<mask>: "There is no religion higher than truth", on the discovery of Jiddu Krishnamurti, his youth and upbringing and Leadbeater's role in this

English spiritual writers
English Theosophists
British people in colonial India
English yogis
1883 births
1965 deaths
English Indologists
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Schoolteachers from Greater Manchester
British Sanskrit scholars
English translators
Sanskrit–English translators
English expatriates in the United States
20th-century British translators
Yoga scholars

masks:
Ernest Egerton Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Ernest Wood
Ernest
Ernest
Ernest
Ernest
Ernest Wood
Ernest
Wood
Wood
. Wood
Ernest Wood
Ernest Wood