title: Oliver Bjorkstrand

texts:
<mask> (born 10 April 1995) is a Danish professional ice hockey forward and alternate captain for the Columbus Blue Jackets of the National Hockey League (NHL). Bjorkstrand was selected by the Blue Jackets in the third round, 89th overall, of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. Bjorkstrand is the son of American hockey coach Todd and the brother of Patrick. Born and raised in Herning, Bjorkstrand made his AL-Bank Ligaen debut playing with the Herning Blue Fox during the 2011–12 season. He recorded 13 goals and 13 assists for 26 points in 36 games during his rookie season to lead all 16-year-olds in the league in scoring. As a result, he was selected 26th overall by the Portland Winterhawks in the Western Hockey League (WHL) 2012 Import Draft. He spent three seasons with the Winterhawks before beginning his professional career with the Lake Erie Monsters of the American Hockey League.Early life
Bjorkstrand was born on	10 April 1995, in Herning, Denmark, to parents Todd and Janne. His father, an American citizen, is a former professional hockey player and coach. His older brother Patrick also plays ice hockey. Bjorkstrand was born and raised in Denmark, where he played under the tutelage of his father until he was 17 years old. Playing career

Junior
Bjorkstrand made his AL-Bank Ligaen debut playing with the Herning Blue Fox during the 2011–12 season. He recorded 13 goals and 13 assists for 26 points in 36 games during his rookie season to lead all 16-year-olds in the league in scoring. As a result, he was selected 26th overall by the Portland Winterhawks in the Western Hockey League (WHL) 2012 Import Draft.He subsequently joined the team for their 2012–13 season. By December, Bjorkstrand ranked fourth among all WHL rookies with 27 points and was invited to participate in the 2012 CHL/NHL Top Prospects Game. Following the game, Bjorkstrand earned a top 30 mid-term ranking from the NHL Central Scouting Bureau leading up to the 2013 NHL Entry Draft. He later recorded his first major junior hat-trick during a 7–0 win over the Tri-City Americans. He ended his rookie regular-season campaign leading all WHL rookies with 31 goals and 63 points in 65 games. Bjorkstrand then shared the team's Rookie of the Year award with Seth Jones before leading all rookie skaters with 19 points in 21 playoff games. Following his rookie season, Bjorkstrand was drafted 89th overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft.On 26 December 2013, during his second season with the Winterhawks, Bjorkstrand signed a three-year, entry-level contract with the Blue Jackets. At the time of the signing, he had tallied 25 goals and 31 assists for 56 points in 32 games. By March 2014, Bjorkstrand became the second Winterhawk player in three seasons to reach the 50-goal plateau after recording his fourth hat-trick in one season. As a result, he finished the regular season third in scoring with 109 points and was selected for the WHL Western Conference All-Star First Team. Bjorkstrand then helped the Winterhawks win their fourth straight WHL Western Conference Championship by recording 15 goals and 13 assists for 28 points through 14 games. Bjorkstrand finished his third and final season with the Winterhawks increasing his scoring and offensive ability. During the 2014–15 season, Bjorkstrand led all WHL players in goals and points to earn the Bob Clarke Trophy as the league's leading scorer.He recorded 50 goals in 50 games to become the first WHL player to accomplish the feat since the 2011–12 WHL season. Bjorkstrand also became the first Winterhawk to complete back-to-back 50-goal season since Dennis Holland from 1987-89. He was subsequently unanimously selected to the WHL's Western Conference First All-Star Team, while his teammates voted him the Winterhawks' Most Valuable Player. Professional

Following his career-high third season campaign with the Winterhawks, Bjorkstrand joined the Blue Jackets' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Lake Erie Monsters, to begin the 2015–16 season. In his first professional season, Bjorkstrand recorded 15 goals and 10 assists for 25 points before being recalled to the NHL on 16 March 2016. He made his NHL debut the following day in a game against the Detroit Red Wings and scored his first and second NHL goals in his second game against the New Jersey Devils. He finished the regular season with the Blue Jackets, recording four goals and eight points in 12 games before returning to the AHL for the franchise's first Calder Cup playoff appearance since 2011.Upon returning to the AHL, Bjorkstrand helped the Monsters sweep the Rockford IceHogs in the first round by scoring 19 seconds into the third period of Game 4. In Game 1 of the following series against the Grand Rapids Griffins, Bjorkstrand recorded the overtime game-winning goal to lead the Monsters to a win. With assistance from his offensive ability, the Monsters qualified for the Calder Cup Finals against the Hershey Bears where he scored the game-winning goal in overtime of Game 4. This effectively won the Calder Cup for the Monsters, and Bjorkstrand also earned the Jack A. Butterfield Trophy as the playoffs' most valuable player. Following the Calder Cup win, Bjorkstrand entered training and development camp with high expectations of making the Blue Jackets' 2016–17 opening night roster. During camp, Blue Jackets general manager Jarmo Kekalainen spoke highly of him, saying: "He's not a big guy, but he's not afraid to play the North American style at all ... it speaks to his character. I love the chip on his shoulder and the way he plays and competes."He was named to the teams' opening night roster but was reassigned to the Cleveland Monsters after playing in three games. During his time in the AHL, Bjorkstrand was also selected for the 2017 AHL All-Star Classic roster. Aside from an emergency call-up in December, he would stay with the Monsters until February after scoring 14 goals and 12 assists in 37 games. Upon returning to the NHL level in February 2017, Bjorkstrand recorded 13 points in 26 games and the move was praised by management as the best move made around the trade deadline. In March, Bjorkstrand was sidelined for six games after suffering a hit from Toronto Maple Leafs player Roman Polak, who was subsequently suspended for two games. He returned to the lineup on 4 April 2017 where he had one shot in 14:12 of ice time in a 4–1 loss to the Pittsburgh Penguins. Bjorkstrand entered the final year of his entry-level contract playing the full 2017–18 season with the Blue Jackets at the NHL level.Throughout the season, he played mainly on the third or fourth line and was tasked with a checking role. Following the acquisition of Thomas Vanek in February, Bjorkstrand played on a line with Nick Foligno and Sonny Milano. He set a new career-high during the season by recording 11 goals and 29 assists for 40 points in 82 games. His numbers ranked fourth in assists and sixth in points across the Blue Jackets skaters. As the Jackets qualified for the 2018 Stanley Cup playoffs, he recorded three points in six games. He finished the 2017–18 season by signing a three-year contract extension through the 2020–21 season on 15 July 2018. In the first year of his new contract, Bjorkstrand began studying the playing style of teammate Artemi Panarin, who had a similar build to him.He began the season slow, only scoring three goals in his first 30 games and was made a healthy scratch. After sitting out for four games, head coach John Tortorella returned him to the lineup on 29 November 2018, to replace a "banged up" Anthony Duclair. Following this, he picked up his scoring and had five goals and nine points through the month of February and recording nine goals in the last 10 games of the regular season. As a result, he finished the 2018–19 season with 23 goals and 36 points for his first 20-goal season. The following year, Bjorkstrand continued his offensive output and was praised by defenseman Zach Werenski for being "a guy that you can count on in every situation". He was moved across various lines throughout the season as Tortorella struggled to finding a suitable center for both <mask> and Patrik Laine. After recording 12 goals and 11 assists for 23 points through 36 games, he was placed on injured reserve in December 2019 after suffering a rib/cartilage contusion with oblique strain during a game against the New Jersey Devils.Upon returning to the lineup, Bjorkstrand continued his offensive streak and led the team with 21 goals and tied for third with 36 points before being injured on 20 February during a game against the Philadelphia Flyers. As a reuslt of the injury, Bjorkstrand remained out of the lineup until the Blue Jackets qualified for the 2020 Stanley Cup playoffs. <mask> and the Blue Jackets met with the Toronto Maple Leafs in the Eastern Conference Qualifying Round of the playoffs and beat them in five games. During the first round against the Tampa Bay Lightning, Bjorkstrand tallied his first goal of the postseason in an eventual 3–2 loss in a five overtime game. The game was the longest game in franchise history and the fourth-longest in league history. He shortly thereafter became the second active player to have each of his first three career playoff game-winning goals come against one opponent. He also set a franchise record for most postseason game-winning goals.The Blue Jackets were eventually eliminated from the playoffs in five games. Upon being eliminated from the playoffs, Bjorkstrand signed a five-year, $27 million contract extension on 6 January 2021 to remain with the Blue Jackets. He scored his first goal of the season on 18 January 2021 against the Detroit Red Wings and added an assist and a fight for a Gordie Howe hat trick. As the Blue Jackets pushed for a playoff position in March, Bjorkstrand recorded five goals and six assists for 11 points through 10 games. He also led the team with 11 goals and 16 assists for 27 points. In spite of this, Bjorkstrand and the Blue Jackets failed to qualify for the 2021 Stanley Cup playoffs. Prior to the start of the 2021–22 season, Bjorkstrand was named an alternate captain for the team alongside Werenski and Gustav Nyquist.On 25 October, Bjorkstrand recorded his 100th assist to tie Jakub Voráček for 18th in franchise history at the century mark. International play

As a dual citizen of Denmark and the United States, Bjorkstrand has chosen to represent Denmark at international tournaments. He represented Denmark for the first time internationally at the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships with his father serving as his head coach. Bjorkstrand represented Denmark for the second time at the IIHF World Junior Championship in 2015 after helping them qualify in 2014. During the IIHF World Junior Championship, Division I, Group A tournament, he was named the tournament's Top Forward by the IIHF Directorate. In the same year, Bjorkstrand also made his first senior appearance with the Denmark men's national ice hockey team at the 2015 IIHF World Championship at the age of 20 alongside his brother Patrick. Bjorkstrand represented Denmark for the second time at the senior level at the 2018 IIHF World Championship.During the tournament, Denmark beat Germany, Finland, Norway, and South Korea but lost to Latvia and missed out on the quarter-finals. On 8 October 2021, Bjorkstrand was one of three players named to Team Denmark's first-ever Olympic hockey team for the 2022 Winter Olympics. When speaking of the opportunity, Bjorkstrand said: "It’s going to be tough task for us to go far, but it’s a huge honour for us to be there. We’re obviously going to do our best. And it’s always in the back of our heads that we can surprise a bit. We’re all super pumped." Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
Cleveland Monsters players
Columbus Blue Jackets draft picks
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Danish ice hockey right wingers
Danish people of American descent
Herning Blue Fox players
Lake Erie Monsters players
People from Herning Municipality
Portland Winterhawks players

masks:
Oliver Bjorkstrand
Bjorkstrand
Bjorkstrand


title: Vera Dushevina

type: original

texts:
<mask>na <mask> (; born 6 October 1986) is a retired Russian tennis player. She won one singles title and two doubles titles on the WTA Tour. As a junior, she won the Wimbledon Championships, beating Maria Sharapova in the final, while she reached the final of the French Open losing to Anna-Lena Grönefeld. Personal life
Dushevina was born in Moscow and resides in nearby satellite city of Khimki. She began playing tennis at the age of seven under her father, Yevgeny, an engineer. Her mother, Elena, is a teacher. Beside tennis, <mask> also played football and basketball.Tennis career

Early years
She played her first main-draw match at the 2002 Warsaw Open by qualifying, but lost to Virginia Ruano Pascual 1–6, 6–7. Her first WTA Tour match she won at the 2003 Miami Open. After qualifying, she defeated Patricia Wartusch 6–0, 6–3 but lost to fourth seed Justine Henin 3–6, 2–6 in the second round. She then won her first professional title at the ITF event in Innsbruck, Austria coming through the qualifying draw and defeating Melinda Czink in the final. In her next tournament, she reached her first WTA Tour semifinals at the Nordic Light Open, including defeating her first top-50 player, then-world No. 35 Denisa Chládková, 6–2, 6–3 but lost to Jelena Kostanić in the semifinals. She then played her first Grand Slam main-draw match after qualifying but lost to Ashley Harkleroad in the first round in straight sets.In the Kremlin Cup she upset then-world No. 28, Lisa Raymond, 6–2, 7–6, but lost to seventh seed <mask>, 2–6, 1–6. 2005–2009
<mask> began her 2005 campaign by losing in the first round at the Canberra Women's Classic to Anna-Lena Grönefeld. At the Australian Open, she reached the fourth round of a Grand Slam tournament for the first time, before losing to fifth seed Svetlana Kuznetsova. Along the way, she realized her first top-20 victory over then-world No. 11 <mask>, 6–3, 6–3 in the second round. She qualified for the Open Gaz de France and Dubai Championships but fell to Dinara Safina 2–6, 4–6 in the second round and to Nathalie Dechy, 7–6, 4–6, 6–7 in the first round, respectively.She then lost four straight matches in the second round of the Miami Open and the first rounds of Amelia Island, Warsaw and Berlin. However, she bounced back by reaching the quarterfinals of the Internationaux de Strasbourg losing to eventual champion Anabel Medina Garrigues in three sets. At the French Open, she lost to 21st seed Mary Pierce. Dushevina reached her first WTA Tour singles final at the Eastbourne International as a qualifier where she finished runner-up to former world No. 1, Kim Clijsters. In the said tournament, she realized her first top-5 victory over then-world No. 3, Amélie Mauresmo, 6–4, 6–4 in the second round.However, she fell in the first round of Wimbledon to Ana Ivanovic, in straight sets. She then bounced back to reach the semifinals of the Nordic Light Open, losing to Katarina Srebotnik in two. She reached the second round of the Connecticut Open losing to Elena Dementieva. Dushevina then suffered back-to-back to losses to Shahar Pe'er at the second round of the US Open and first round of the China Open. At the quarterfinals of the Korea Open, she fell to top seed Jelena Janković, followed by a first-round loss at the Kremlin Cup to Elena Likhovtseva in three sets, respectively. She then avenged her loss to Janković at the Generali Ladies Linz, defeating her 7–6, 3–6, 6–0 in the first round, but fell to Sybille Bammer in the next. Dushevina had a poor 2006 season.She reached in the second rounds of Auckland Open and International Women's Hardcourts losing to top-ten players Nadia Petrova and Justine Henin, respectively. She then fell in the first round of the Australian Open to Catalina Castaño in straight sets, and also fell in the second rounds of the WTA indoor event in Paris and Dubai Championships to then-world No. 2, Amélie Mauresmo, and then-world No. 4, Maria Sharapova, respectively. She suffered a back-to-back first round loss at the Qatar Open and Miami Open. Later, earned her best performance of the year by reaching the third round of the Amelia Island Championships, losing to Patty Schnyder 3–6, 5–7. At the Estoril Open, she was upset by Antonella Serra Zanetti 6–4, 6–4 in the first round.She then suffered four consecutive second-round exits at the German Open and French Open to then-world No. 1 Amélie Mauresmo, at the Italian Open to Patty Schnyder, and the Eastbourne International to Anna-Lena Grönefeld. She then fell five consecutive first-round main-draw matches, at Wimbledon, at the LA Championships, Rogers Cup, US Open, and the China Open. She reached the second rounds of the Korea Open and Japan Open, and then suffered back-to-back main-draw match to compatriot <mask> at the Kremlin Cup and Hasselt Cup. Two years later, she reached her second final at the Nordic Light Open, losing in straight sets to Agnieszka Radwańska. Dushevina reached the final of the Stockholm event again in 2007, losing to Caroline Wozniacki. Dushevina has won one doubles title, the Warsaw Open, playing with Tatiana Perebiynis in 2007.She was also a part of the winning Russian team in the 2005 Fed Cup, winning doubles ties in the quarterfinals and semifinals partnering Dinara Safina. Dushevina began writing a blog for Eurosport about her time on the tour in 2009. In June 2009, at the Eastbourne International, she lost in 45 minutes to Canadian Aleksandra Wozniak in the quarterfinals, 1–6, 0–6, winning only 17 of the 69 points in the match, and losing every one of her service games..
Dushevina upset world No. 22, Alizé Cornet, in the first round of the Wimbledon Championships, but fell to Elena Vesnina in the second. Dushevina won her first WTA career title at the İstanbul Cup, defeating Lucie Hradecká 6–0, 6–1 in the final. 2010–2011
Dushevina started 2010 by qualifying for the Sydney International where she reached the quarterfinals with wins over Casey Dellacqua and Elena Vesnina, but lost to then world No. 1, Serena Williams, in the quarterfinals.She then fell in the first round of the Australian Open to compatriot and fifth seed Elena Dementieva, 2–6, 1–6. At the Pattaya Open, she was upset in the second round by world No. 121, Ekaterina Bychkova, 6–4, 6–1. She then fell in the first rounds of Dubai Championships and Miami Masters and the second round of Indian Wells Masters. She then reached the third round of the Charleston Open losing to eventual champion Samantha Stosur 1–6, 6–3, 1–6, but fell early in the Italian Open to Andrea Petkovic, 3–6, 0–6. In the second round of the Madrid Open, <mask> lost the most competitive match of her career against world No. 1, Serena Williams.Williams finally won 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, after 3 hours and 26 minutes despite being 5–2 up in the final set. <mask> had match point at 7–6, 6–5 but could not close out the match. She was also 4–0 up in the final set tie-break before losing. It was also Williams' longest match. She then fell in the first rounds of the French Open and Eastbourne International. At Wimbledon, she upset French Open champion Francesca Schiavone in the first round in three sets, but fell to eventual semifinalist Tsvetana Pironkova, 3–6, 4–6 in the following round. She reached the back-to-back quarterfinals in the Slovenia Open and İstanbul Cup losing to Anna Chakvetadze 6–2, 3–6, 5–7 and Jarmila Groth 5–7, 2–6, respectively.She then fell in the second round of the Cincinnati Open to Jelena Janković 4–6, 6–3, 1–6. She then fell in the qualifying rounds of Rogers Cup and Connecticut Open. In the US Open she fell in the first round to Alona Bondarenko. In the Korea Open, she upset former world No. 1, Ana Ivanovic, 2–6, 6–4, 6–2 but fell in the next round to Klára Zakopalová. She then reached the third round of the China Open as a qualifier losing to Francesca Schiavone. In her final tournament of the year, at the Kremlin Cup, she was able to reach her first semifinal since winning in the 2009 İstanbul Cup, after defeating three consecutive compatriots, Ekaterina Makarova, Elena Vesnina and Anna Chakvetadze, before falling to another, Maria Kirilenko, 1–6, 1–6.<mask> started 2011 by losing in the qualifying draw of the Sydney International. At the Australian Open, she was able to pick up her first win in six years by defeating Maria Elena Camerin 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 but fell to fifth seed Sam Stosur in the next round. She also fell in the first rounds of Paris and Dubai. At Doha, she qualified and defeated María José Martínez Sánchez before she lost to Daniela Hantuchová in the second round. 2017: Retirement
<mask> announced her retirement from professional tennis on 15 August 2017 because of several injuries. She said she would like to concentrate on coaching. Significant finals

Premier Mandatory/Premier 5 finals

Doubles: 1 runner-up

WTA career finals

Singles: 4 (1 title, 3 runner-ups)

Doubles: 11 (2 titles, 9 runner-ups)

ITF finals

Singles (1–0)

Doubles (5–1)

Junior Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

Performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from Khimki
Tennis players from Moscow
Russian female tennis players
Wimbledon junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles

masks:
Vera Yevgenyev
Dushevina
Vera
Vera Zvonareva
Dushevina
Vera Zvonareva
Vera Zvonareva
Dushevina
Dushevina
Vera
Dushevina


title: Dusti Bongé

texts:
<mask> (née Eunice Lyle Swetman, 1903–1993) was an American painter who worked from the 1930s through the early 1990s. She is considered Mississippi's first Abstract Expressionist painter and its first Modernist artist. Early life and education
<mask>, née Eunice Lyle Swetman, was the youngest of three children born to a prominent Biloxi, Mississippi, banking family. When she was young, <mask> was attracted to the arts and wrote, produced, directed and acted in plays starring other neighborhood children on the wide gallery of the family's beachfront home. Her interest in theater continued into adulthood. Because her passion for acting was frowned upon by her family, she struck a deal that if she first completed college she would be allowed to go to a drama school. She graduated high school at the age of sixteen and completed her four year college curriculum in two years.She graduated from Blue Mountain College in northeastern Mississippi, going on to Lyceum Arts Conservatory in Chicago, where she studied acting and played bit parts on the stage. It was then she received her nickname, Dusti, from friends because they teased her about constantly washing her dusty face when she would return home through the bustling, dirty streets of the growing city. With spelling adjusted, the nickname stuck. While in Chicago, <mask> met and fell in love with <mask>, a Nebraska “cowboy artist,” who was taking classes at the Art Institute of Chicago. They married in 1928. In 1924, she moved to New York. Career
Bongé started her career when she moved to New York in 1924 where she acted on the stage and in films.Bongé decided to give up her acting career when she discovered she was pregnant with her son <mask>. <mask> moved back to her home town of Biloxi in 1934 after she and Arch decided they did not want to raise Lyle in New York. Bongé began to explore painting after leaving acting to start a family. Early Work
Bongé showed promise as a painter and Arch encouraged her to work with him. After Arch's death from Lou Gehrig's disease in 1936, Bongé sought solace in the studio where they had worked together and began to paint seriously. Bongé's early work depicted scenes of Biloxi, partly inspired by Archie’s renderings of the waterfront and cityscape. Bongé also produced a series of still life compositions as well as a variety of self portraits.Her early work was representational but showed her ability to move from a realist to a much more modernist style. Surrealism
In 1938, she began to experiment with Surrealism and worked in that style of over a decade. “As time passed,” she recalled, “I became more comfortable with my work and my pictures became more and more abstract.” Initially <mask> exhibited her work in Biloxi and New Orleans. <mask> exhibited her work at the Contemporary arts Gallery in New York City in 1939. This was her first exhibition in New York. The Betty Parsons Gallery opened in New York in 1946, and <mask> forged a relationship with the Abstract Expressionist dealer who would represent her for many years. <mask> created a series of works now referred to as the Circus series.The circus offered very rich subject matters for her to experiment with in her work,  whether in color, composition, or content. In the early 1950s, her Surrealist style developed further as she began her depictions of “keyhole people.”

Abstract Expressionism
The years 1953-1956 mark a transitional period in her work as she moves fully into Abstract Expressionism, the style in which she seemed to find her greatest satisfaction. Some of the work from this period features angular forms and paint surfaces that are etched and textured. Betty Parsons gave her her first solo exhibition in April 1956. <mask> continued to work in a similar abstract style in the 1960s, but with a darker palette. As a New York Herald Tribune critic noted in 1960: “<mask> <mask>, artist of the deep south, appears at the Betty Parsons Gallery with forceful and determinedly non-objective paintings. Having her third show here, Miss <mask> is perhaps more dramatic at this moment than she has ever been.Her canvases are extremely vigorous, dark-keyed and spacious.” Her final show at the Parsons gallery was in 1975, but she continued to create a very strong body of work, including some monumental oil paintings, through the next decade. Later Work
In the 1980s <mask> continued to make a body of abstract work. Her work from this period explores conceptual themes such as the transcendent Buddhist concept of the "Void"  During this period of exploring conceptual themes she painted her "Void" series. This series focused on circle shapes in abstract form and illustrated emptiness. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, small format watercolor paintings many on Joss paper (sheets of bamboo or rice paper centered with a small square of gold or silver leaf) that was available at the local Asian markets and was traditionally used in Buddhist ceremonies. This became her preferred medium. “It became a special challenge,” she said, “to make it seem as if I had placed that little square right there.”  She painted her last work in 1991.Personal life
Dusti met her husband while they both were going to school in Chicago . Arch was working a doorman and opened a door for <mask>. They were married in 1928. <mask> and <mask>'s only child, <mask>, was born November 5, 1929. Lyle was drawn to art from spending time with his mother in her studio, inspiring him to pursue photography. While <mask> enjoyed success by being a part of the New York art scene she preferred to paint in her home town of Biloxi where she raised her son and continued to have success in her career. Although in later years, she had an active social life, dated and had numerous proposals, Dusti never remarried.Exhibitions
<mask>'s first exhibition was in the Contemporary arts Gallery in New York in 1939. Bongé continued to show in New York at Betty Parsons Gallery beginning in the mid 1940s, She had her first solo exhibition at Betty Parsons Gallery in 1956. Bongé continued to show at Betty Parson's until 1976. Bongé had solo exhibitions at Betty Parson's in 1958, 1960, and 1962. She had her final exhibition at Betty Parsons Gallery in 1975. The Ogden Museum of Southern Art held a exhibition of <mask>'s work in 2019 called "Piercing the Inner Wall: The Art of Dusti Bongé." The exhibition followed the release of  “Dusti Bongé, Art and Life: Biloxi, New Orleans & New York,”

<mask>'s work has been exhibited at the Ogden Museum of Southern Art in New Orleans; the Walter Anderson Museum of Art in Ocean Springs, Mississippi; the Ohr-O’Keefe Museum of Art in Biloxi; the Mississippi Museum of Art; and the Mobile Museum of Art.Her work is in the permanent collections of the Mississippi Museum of Art; the Ogden Museum of Southern Art; the Mobile Museum of Art; the National Museum of Women in the Arts; and the Johnson Collection in Spartanburg, South Carolina, as well as a number of private collections throughout the United States. Museum collections
Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, NY
The Johnson Collection, Spartanburg, SC
Lauren Rogers Museum of Art, Laurel, MS
Mississippi Museum of Art, Jackson, MS
Mobile Museum of Art, Mobile, AL
Morris Museum of Art, Augusta, GA
Museum of Art and Archaeology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
Ogden Museum of Southern Art, New Orleans, LA
University of Southern Mississippi Art Museum, Hattiesburg, MS
Walter Anderson Museum of Art, Ocean Springs, MS

References

Further reading
Black, Patti Carr, American Masters of the Mississippi Gulf Coast: George Ohr, <mask> <mask>, Walter Anderson, Richmond Barthe, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2009. Black, Patti Carr, Art in Mississippi 1720-1980, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1998. Black, Patti Carr, The Mississippi Story, Jackson: Mississippi Museum of Art, 2007. <mask>, Dusti, ed. Nancy Longnecker, <mask> <mask>: The Life of an Artist, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1982. Falk, Peter Hastings, ed., Who Was Who in American Art 1564-1975, Madison, CT: Soundview Press, 1999.Falk, Peter Hastings, ed., Who Was Who in American Art 1564-1975, Madison, Connecticut: Soundview Press, 1999. Gruber, J. Richard and David Houston, The Art of the South 1890-2003: The Ogden Museum of Southern Art, London: Scala Publishers, 2004. Hall, Lee, Betty Parsons, New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1991. "Dusti Bonge." MPB video, 29:49. DustiBonge.org. Accessed May 1, 2015. http://dustibonge.org/early-personal-life/.Abstract expressionist artists
1903 births
1993 deaths
American artists

masks:
Dusti Bongé
Dusti Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Arch Bongé
Lyle Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Dusti
Bongé
Bongé
Dusti
Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Dusti
Dusti
Arch Bongé
Lyle Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Bongé
Dusti
Bongé
Bongé
Dusti
Bongé


title: Harry Williamson (musician)

texts:
<mask> (born 12 May 1950) is a British musician, producer and inventor. <mask> was born in Ilfracombe, North Devon, the son of noted author <mask> and his second wife Christine Duffield. He is divorced, with one daughter, <mask>. He was educated at Exeter Cathedral School under Lionel Frederick Dakers (later head of RSCM), and at Millfield School, Street, Somerset. He started a Physics degree at Imperial College, University of London, but abandoned Physics for rock theatre, working at Glastonbury Festival and the Rainbow Theatre and crewing for The Rolling Stones in the 1970s. He helped establish the Green Party of England and Wales and is still actively involved in designing innovative energy efficient systems. In 1970 he met Anthony Phillips of Genesis with whom he composed music for the film of his father's best-seller Tarka the Otter.The music, recorded by the National Philharmonic Orchestra was not used in the film due to budgetary considerations but some years later was finished with funds from Amy International and released by PRT, where it became No. 1 in the New Music Charts for three months. It is still regarded as a classic by Genesis fans and excerpts are used for documentaries and other nature oriented films worldwide. Another series of recordings with Anthony, started in 1975, became Gypsy Suite, released in 1995. In 1977 <mask> was playing with Nik Turner of Hawkwind and he wrote "Nuclear Waste" which was released as 'The Radio Actors', or 'Fast Breeder & Nuclear Reactors', with Sting on vocals, Mike Howlett on Bass and Steve Hillage on lead guitar. It was released by Virgin Records and later by Charly Records and is still considered an anti-nuclear anthem in Eastern Europe. In 1978 <mask> met Gilli Smyth, formerly of Gong.They formed Mother Gong, made their first album and toured the United States for the first time as part of the ZU Manifestival promoted by Giorgio Gomelsky. Returning to Devon, they lived at Ox's Cross and he set up his first studio in the building his father had used for writing. They played the Glastonbury Festival twice and after disillusionment with Thatcherite politics, left England in 1982 and emigrated to Melbourne, Australia. They divorced in 1992. <mask> is now an Australian citizen and dedicates his time to composing film, world, and many other styles of music, making concert DVDs, producing recordings from artists around the world and implementing his environmentally-sustainable house designs. With his former partner Liz Van Dort he experimented with ambient and world music and released an album under the banner Faraway. In 2004 with his partner Maribel Steel he completed a musical Lace which deals with life in a Spanish family, and a soundtrack for the film – Rokkashomura Rhapsody a Japanese documentary on nuclear reprocessing in Rokkasho, Aomori.Tarka was commissioned to launch the book Our Watermark published by the Victorian Women's Trust and received its first live performances in Melbourne in 2010. Migration was launched in 2012 after a ten-year gestation. It explores the musical forms that originated in Northern India and travelled with the Celts on their epic migrations, influencing music where they settled. In 2009 he was asked to bring the Federation Bells near Federation Square, Melbourne, a carillon of 39 upturned bells designed for the centenary of Australian Federation, into better working order. In 2011 his company was awarded the contract to refurbish the installation. He designed novel actuators and with his collaborator Ian Wilson, a sophisticated controller that mimics human articulation, which now provide visitors with an interactive experience, including an app for playing the bells live. There are now annual composition competitions and over 1000 original pieces are played in rotation, three times daily.Football fans used to regularly take out their disappointment at losing, on this installation. He instigated the idea of playing team's anthems before and after the matches at the MCG and since then there has been a marked decline in vandalism. In 2015 <mask> completed a prototype, codenamed "Wind Whisperer", for a wind-driven self-tuning interactive stringed sculptural instrument that plays fractal melodies, continuously changing in response to microscopic changes in the surroundings. Discography

1975 – Gypsy Suite (with Anthony Phillips) 1998 Voiceprint
1976 – Tarka (with Anthony Phillips) 1988 PRT 1996 Voiceprint
1978 - Xitintoday (with Nik Turner's Sphynx) 1978 Charisma
1978 – Nuclear Waste (with Sting and the Radio-Actors) (Virgin, Charly, DB, Voiceprint)
1978 – Fairy Tales (with Gilli Smyth, Didier Malherbe et al.)

masks:
Harry Williamson
History Williamson
Henry Williamson
Bee Williamson
Williamson
Williamson
Williamson
Williamson


title: Joey Carbery

texts:
<mask> (born 1 November 1995) is an Irish rugby union player who plays for Munster in the United Rugby Championship and European Rugby Champions Cup and for the Ireland national team. He plays primarily as a fly-half, but can also play as a fullback. Early life
<mask> was born in Dargaville, New Zealand, to an Irish mother from Athy, County Kildare and an Irish–New Zealand father (who was also born in Athy but taken by his migrating parents as a two-year-old to live in New Zealand). <mask> returned with his family to Athy when he was 11 years old. He attended Árdscoil na Tríonóide in Athy, and moved to Blackrock College for his final year of school, where he won the 2014 Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup. Club career

Leinster
Carbery made his senior competitive debut for Leinster on 18 March 2016, when he came off the bench in the province's 12–6 defeat during the 2015–16 Pro12 season at the hands of Glasgow Warriors. He made his break-through for Leinster when he started at fly-half in the provinces opening 2016–17 Pro12 fixture against Benetton on 2 September 2016.<mask> scored two tries in their 20–8 victory against the Italian side. <mask> produced a Man-of-the-Match performance from fullback in Leinster's 32–17 win against Wasps in the quarter-finals of the 2016–17 European Rugby Champions Cup on 1 April 2017. He went on to win the Young Player of the Season award for both Leinster and the Pro12 for the 2016–17 season. He was used as a replacement by Leinster in the finals of both the 2017–18 Pro14 and 2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup in May 2018. Leinster's victories in both finals saw them complete a historic double, becoming the first Celtic team to do so. Munster
After much speculation, it was confirmed in May 2018 that <mask> would join Leinster's rivals Munster on a two-year contract ahead of the 2018–19 season. He made his competitive debut for Munster on 1 September 2018, coming off the bench in their opening 2018–19 Pro14 fixture against the Cheetahs in Thomond Park, a game which Munster won 38–0.<mask> made his first start for Munster on 14 September 2018, doing so against Ospreys in Irish Independent Park and scoring his first try for the province, as well as kicking five conversions in Munster's 49–13 win. He won the Man-of-the-Match award and scored 18 points, including a try, in Munster's 64–7 win against Ulster in Thomond Park on 29 September 2018. <mask>'s try in this match was later voted Munster's try of the 2018–19 season. <mask> made his European debut for Munster on 13 October 2018, starting in the provinces 10–10 draw with Exeter Chiefs in Sandy Park and contributing five points off the kicking tee in the sides' opening 2018–19 Champions Cup fixture. One week later, in his first home European game for Munster, <mask> scored one try, four conversions, one penalty and won the Man-of-the-Match award in the provinces 36–22 win against Gloucester. <mask> scored 14 points, including four penalties and one conversion, in Munster's 26–17 win against his former province Leinster on 29 December 2018. He was Man-of-the-Match and scored 16 points, including one try, four conversions and one penalty, in Munster's 31–24 away win against Connacht on 5 January 2019.<mask> scored 26 points, including two tries, five conversions and two penalties, and was Man-of-the-Match in Munster's 41–15 away win against English side Gloucester in round 5 of the Champions Cup on 11 January 2019. He scored all of Munster's points from penalties in their 9–7 win against Exeter Chiefs in round 6 on the Champions Cup on 19 January 2019, a result that ensured Munster advanced to a record 18th Champions Cup quarter-final. <mask> signed a two-year contract extension with Munster in March 2019. The ankle injury <mask> sustained whilst on international duty with Ireland at the 2019 Rugby World Cup was aggravated post-tournament, ruling him out for a number of games. He made his return from injury for the province on 28 December 2019, featuring off the bench in Munster's 13–6 defeat against <mask>'s former club Leinster in round 9 of the 2019–20 Pro14. However, a wrist injury sustained after <mask> played the full 80 minutes in Munster's 38–17 defeat against Ulster on 3 January 2020 required surgery, and during his rehabilitation for that injury, it was decided that <mask> would also undergo surgery for the ankle injury sustained while on international duty during the world cup, ruling him out for the remainder of the 2019–20 season and indefinitely thereafter. <mask> made his long-awaited return from injury on 26 February 2021, thirteen months after his last appearance for the province.He came on as a replacement for Rory Scannell in the 63rd minute of Munster's 20–11 away win against Cardiff Blues in round 13 of the 2020–21 Pro14, converting Niall Scannell's 77th minute try to secure the victory. In his first start since returning from injury, against Scarlets on 12 March 2021, <mask> converted all four of Munster's tries and earned the Man-of-the-Match award in their 28–10 win against the Welsh side. In a further injury blow, <mask> suffered a fractured elbow in the final minutes of Munster opening 2021–22 Champions Cup fixture away to Wasps on 12 December 2021, which required surgery. He signed a two-year contract extension with Munster in January 2022.

International career
<mask> was selected in the Ireland national squad to play New Zealand in November 2016 at Soldier Field, Chicago. He was brought on as a substitute in the 59th minute, earning his first Ireland cap in their 40–29 victory, Ireland's first ever win against the All Blacks. He was a member of the Ireland team that won a Grand Slam in the 2018 Six Nations Championship. He started in the first test, whilst also featuring off the bench in the second, in Ireland's historic 2–1 series victory against Australia in June 2018.<mask> started in Ireland's wins against Italy and the United States, whilst also featuring off the bench in the wins against Argentina and New Zealand, during the 2018 Autumn Tests. <mask> made two appearances for Ireland during the 2019 Six Nations Championship, featuring off the bench in their opening 32–20 defeat against England on 2 February, before coming on during the first-half to replace the injured Jonathan Sexton to play a key role in Ireland's 22–13 win against Scotland one week later, though a hamstring injury and the form of Connacht's Jack Carty prevented <mask> from gaining further playing time during the tournament. He was selected in the 31-man Ireland squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup, having featured in the warm-up match against Italy, though an ankle injury prevented <mask> from taking any further part in the warm-up matches. He returned from the injury to make his Rugby World Cup debut off the bench in Ireland's shock 19–12 defeat against hosts Japan on 28 September 2019, before providing scrum-half cover from the bench in the 35–0 win against Russia, and featuring off the bench in the 47–5 win against Samoa and the 46–14 quarter-final defeat against New Zealand. A wrist injury sustained whilst on provincial duty with Munster ruled <mask> out of the 2020 Six Nations Championship, and surgery for the ankle injury he sustained during the world cup ruled him out of the tour of Australia in July 2020. <mask> made his long-awaited international return in Ireland's mid-year test against Japan on 3 July 2021, starting for his country for the first time in 23 months and scoring 14 points of the kicking tee in their 39–31 win. During the 2021 Autumn Nations Series, <mask> featured as a replacement in Ireland's 60–5 win against Japan on 6 November, and in the famous 29–20 win against New Zealand on 13 November, replacing injured captain Jonathan Sexton and scoring three crucial penalties to seal the victory for Ireland.After Sexton was ruled out by injury, <mask> started in Ireland's final fixture of the series against Argentina on 21 November, scoring six conversions and two penalties for a personal haul of 18 points in a player of the match performance that guided Ireland to a 53–7 win. <mask> recovered from an elbow injury sustained whilst on Champions Cup duty with Munster in December 2021 in time to be selected in the squad for the 2022 Six Nations Championship and declared fit for Ireland's opening fixture against Wales, and featured as a replacement in the 29–7 win against Wales in their opening fixture of the 2022 Six Nations Championship on 5 February 2022. Following a hamstring injury to captain and first-choice fly-half Jonathan Sexton, <mask> started in Ireland's 30–34 away defeat against France on 12 February, scoring three conversions and one penalty for a haul of nine points in a good personal performance. <mask> was retained as Ireland's starting fly-half in their 57–6 home win against Italy on 27 February, scoring a try and two conversion before being replaced by a fit-again Jonathan Sexton in the second-half. International Tries
As of 1 March 2022

Statistics

International analysis by opposition

Correct as of 27 February 2022

Honours

Blackrock College
Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup:
Winner (1): 2014

Clontarf FC
All-Ireland League Division 1A:
Winner (1): 2015–16

Leinster
European Rugby Champions Cup:
Winner (1): 2017–18
United Rugby Championship:
Winner (1): 2017–18

Ireland
Six Nations Championship:
Winner (1): 2018
Grand Slam:
Winner (1): 2018
Triple Crown:
Winner (1): 2018

Individual
Pro14 Young Player of the Year:
Winner (1): 2016–17

Leinster Young Player of the Year:
Winner (1): 2016–17

References

External links
Munster Profile
Leinster Profile
Ireland Profile
URC Profile

U20 Six Nations Profile

1995 births
Living people
People from Dargaville
Rugby union players from Auckland
People educated at Blackrock College
University College Dublin R.F.C. players
Clontarf FC players
Irish rugby union players
Leinster Rugby players
Munster Rugby players
Ireland international rugby union players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union fullbacks

masks:
Joseph Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery
Carbery


title: Catherine of Austria, Queen of Poland

texts:
<mask> of Austria (; ; 15 September 1533 – 28 February 1572) was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. In 1553, she married Polish King Sigismund II Augustus and became Queen consort of Poland and Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania. Their marriage was not happy and they had no children together. After a likely miscarriage in 1554 and a bout of illness in 1558, Sigismund became increasingly distant. He tried but failed to obtain a divorce from the pope. In 1565, <mask> returned to Austria and lived in Linz until her death. Sigismund died just a few months after her bringing the Jagiellon dynasty to its end.Early life and Duchess of Mantua
<mask> was one of the fifteen children of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and Anna of Bohemia and Hungary. She spent most of her childhood at Hofburg, Innsbruck and received education based on discipline and religion. She learned Italian and Latin languages. On 17 March 1543, <mask> was betrothed to Francesco III Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Marquess of Montferrat, reflecting her father's desire to strengthen Habsburg influence against France in northern Italy, particularly Milan. Both <mask> and Francesco were 9 and 10 years old at the time, so the wedding took place six years later on 22 October 1549. In October 1549, <mask> with a dowry of 100,000 Rhine florins was escorted by her elder brother Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria from Innsbruck to Mantua. The marriage lasted only four months as Francesco drowned in Lake Como on 21 February 1550, and a widowed <mask> returned home to Innsbruck.To improve <mask>'s chances of a better second marriage, the Habsburgs claimed that the marriage was not consummated. Queen consort of Poland

Wedding

In May 1551, after the death of his second scandalous wife Barbara Radziwiłł, King Sigismund II Augustus became a widower. Emperor Ferdinand I pursued the marriage between <mask> and Sigismund to create a pro-Habsburg group within the Polish court. Particularly, he wanted to prevent Polish assistance to Sigismund's sister Isabella Jagiellon and her son John Sigismund Zápolya in the succession disputes over the Kingdom of Hungary. Both <mask> and Sigismund personally opposed the marriage. <mask> blamed Sigismund of mistreating and causing the early death of her older sister and his first wife Elizabeth of Austria. Sigismund feared that <mask> would be similarly unattractive and of frail health as Elisabeth.However, the Habsburgs threatened to create an anti-Polish alliance with the Tsardom of Russia. In early 1553, Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł traveled to the court of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, in an attempt to persuade the emperor to cease his assistance to Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Radziwiłł had further orders to travel to investigate marriage opportunities with Mechthild of Bavaria or one of the daughters of Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. However, the Emperor convinced Radziwiłł that marriage between <mask> and Sigismund was best. Radziwiłł wrote enthusiastic letters to Sigismund, who soon gave in and gave his consent on 10 April 1553. The papal dispensation (they were first cousins once removed) was received on 20 May and the wedding treaty was signed on 23 June. The same day the per procura wedding took place.The actual wedding was delayed due to Sigismund's ill health from 1 July to 30 July. The celebrations lasted 10 days. <mask>'s dowry was 100,000 florins as well as 500 grzywnas of silver, 48 expensive dresses, and about 800 jewels. Life with Sigismund

<mask> spoke Italian and therefore could communicate with Queen mother Bona Sforza and her family. She was ambitious and tried to gain political influence in the Polish court which caused Sigismund's ire. At least at first, he attempted to do right by his wife – he needed an heir and was acutely aware of the criticism of his treatment of his first wife Elizabeth of Austria. In February 1554, the royal couple separated for the first time.<mask> was in Parczew while Sigismund attended general sejm in Lublin. According to royal secretary Michał Trzebuchowski, the queen was very upset by the separation and kept crying. When Sigismund visited his wife on 9–10 April, <mask> informed him that she was pregnant. At the end of April, the royal couple traveled to Lithuania and on 25 May reached Vilnius where with short breaks <mask> lived for nine years. It is unclear whether it was a miscarriage, false pregnancy, or an intrigue, but there was no birth in October 1554. Relatively normal, albeit somewhat distant, the marriage continued for a few more years. It seems that <mask> accompanied her husband to general sejm in spring 1555 and to the per procura wedding of Sophia Jagiellon and Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg in January 1556.She also continued to mediate between her husband and her father, carried frequent correspondence with Albert, Duke of Prussia, and was known for generally favorable views on Protestantism. <mask>'s dowry was paid by her father at the end of 1555 or very early 1556, and on 19 January 1556, she received the towns of Wiślica, Żarnów, Radom, Nowy Korczyn, Kozienice, Chęciny, and Radoszyce. In the spring of 1556, the Queen mother Bona Sforza returned to her native Italy and her two yet-unmarried daughters, Anna Jagiellon and <mask>n, moved to Vilnius. It seems that the three women became close. In summer 1558, the royal family returned to Poland. In October, <mask> became severely ill, but the cause of the illness is unknown as she would not allow Polish doctors near her. When her father sent a couple of Austrian doctors, they reported only high fever and chills.She recovered somewhat only in spring 1559 but her recovery was interrupted by frequent travels in summer 1559 to avoid a plague outbreak. <mask> returned to Vilnius only in early 1560 and became ill again. Sigismund was convinced that it was epilepsy, the same disease that tormented his first wife and <mask>'s sister. Their marriage became very distant. Failed marriage
In October 1562, at the wedding of <mask> and Duke John of Finland, the couple saw each other for the last time. <mask> lived in Vilnius and Hrodna before being sent to Radom in April 1563. 40-year-old Sigismund sought to obtain annulment of the marriage as he wanted to marry for the fourth time and secure a male heir.In January 1565, Sigismund complained to papal nuncio Giovanni Francesco Commendone that marriage to <mask> was sinful because she was a sister of his first wife, that she hated Poland, that she caused the miscarriage in 1554, and that he was physically disgusted by his wife due to her epilepsy. Due to Habsburg influence, Pope Pius IV did not allow the divorce. In July 1564, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, died and was succeeded by his son Maximilian II. The new emperor sent his diplomats Andreas Dudith and Wilhelm von Kurzbach to try to reconcile the couple, or if that failed, to convince Sigismund to allow her to leave Poland. The plan for <mask> to leave was discussed in May 1565. Initially Sigismund refused, fearing that it would only increase the anti-Polish sentiment in the Habsburg court, but later changed his mind because he believed that <mask>'s departure would make it easier to obtain a divorce. In late 1565, she departed to Wieluń, but Polish nobles interfered and her departure to Vienna was delayed until 8 October 1566.In a letter written to Albert, Duke of Prussia, a day before her departure, <mask> expressed her resolve to one day return to Poland. <mask> did not receive a warm welcome in Vienna as she was blamed for the failed marriage. Emperor Maximilian II extended her stay and wanted to meet with Sigismund personally to discuss the issue, but he refused. In March 1567, Andreas Dudith relayed that Sigismund categorically refused to live with <mask> (reportedly, he once said that he would gladly become a monk if that meant he could get rid of <mask>) and that he would not protest if <mask> remained in Austria. Sigismund would not specify where <mask> should live if she returned to Poland and would not allot money for her court, in effect precluding her from returning. In June 1567, <mask> became seriously ill with what doctors called melancholia. After recovering, in October, she moved to Linz to live out the remaining five years of her life.According to a witness, <mask> lived like a widow. She received 28,000 guldens annually from Sigismund for her court of more than fifty people. She was visited by her family, she studied the Bible and other theological works, and established a garden for medicinal herbs which produced various herbal remedies. It seems that she still wanted to return to Poland: she tearfully asked Giovanni Francesco Commendone for help when he visited her twice and kept writing letters to her husband. In her last will, she asked her husband for forgiveness and left him all the jewellery she had received from him. The majority of her money was left for charity. <mask> died on 28 February 1572 and was buried in castle's chapel.When Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, ordered reconstruction of the castle, her body was moved to the St. Florian Monastery on 22 September 1599. A funeral was not organized until 22 September 1614 during the reign of Emperor Matthias. The surviving sarcophagus was built in 1781. Ancestors

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

1533 births
1572 deaths
16th-century House of Habsburg
Austrian princesses
Wives of Sigismund II Augustus
Bohemian princesses
Marchionesses of Montferrat
Daughters of emperors

masks:
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine Jagiello
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine Jagiellon
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine
Catherine


title: Ohotaq Mikkigak

texts:
<mask> (Oqutaq) <mask> (1936 - 2014) was a Cape Dorset (now Kinngait) based Inuk artist from southern Baffin Island. Mikkigak was involved with Cape Dorset printmaking in the program's early years, providing drawn designs for printing. Many of his works were printed and featured in the studio's annual collections, including Eskimo Fox Trapper and three pieces used in the Cape Dorset Studio's 40th anniversary collection. <mask>'s work has also been included in of over twenty group exhibitions and was the subject of multiple solo exhibitions, including a show held by Feheley Fine Arts called Ohotaq Mikkigak: Imagined Landscapes. Career

Formative years
Mikkigak drew for the Cape Dorset printmaking program when it was in its early stages of operation. His first printed work, Eskimo Fox Trapper, was realized in 1961. As the printmaking studio progressed, Mikkigak partially withdrew his participation, beginning to work full-time for numerous community-based agencies.Following his retirement from caretaking at the Peter Pitseolak School in Cape Dorset, Mikkigak returned to drawing, and three of his works were included in the Cape Dorset print studio's 40th anniversary collection (released in 1999). Three lithographed versions of his works used the chine collé technique, and were included in the Annual Print Collection of 2001. A print of Mikkigak's work called Three Ravens (2001-2005) was also included in 2001 catalogue for the West Baffin Eskimo Co-Operative (Kinngait Co-operative). Later career
<mask>'s first solo exhibition of drawings and prints was held in September 2010 at Feheley Fine Arts in Toronto, Ontario. He had another solo show at Feheley Fine Arts in November 2012 called Ohotaq Mikkigak: Imagined Landscapes. Also in 2012, Mikkigak exhibited several large-scale drawings alongside the works of fellow Canadian artist Jack Bush at the Justina M. Barnicke Gallery at the University of Toronto. It is noted that he did not look to colonial artists or art history for artistic inspiration.It has been observed that Inuit artists of Mikkigak's period drew significant inspiration from the apprenticeship structure of Arctic co-ops (such as the Cape Dorset printmaking studio). While Mikkigak was a practicing artist, he worked with James Houston and others based out of the Cape Dorsert (Kinngait) printmaking studio's first location, a government-issued building known as the sanaguavik. Houston was known for encouraging Inuit artists to draw based on their isumanniivit (their own thoughts), which is likely to have influenced Mikkigak's work. Style
Mikkigak's work covered a board spectrum of subjects and themes, and was often done in pencil crayon (a medium that was particularly prevalent among Inuit graphic artists). Mikkigak's work also consistently emphasized the sky and weather patterns, often using an aerial view for the composition. It was common for artists, including Mikkigak, to use Inuktitut syllabics at the bottom of a piece in order to explain the scene in detail, as well as to use larger formats and manipulate scale in order to convey the Arctic landscape's expansiveness. A theme in Mikkigak and other Inuit artists' work is the use of landscapes to represent memories connected to the represented land, rather than purely the reality of the scene depicted.Mikkigak's drawings did not seek to abstract the landscape, despite his later images taking on a more contemporary style and tone. Instead, he took inspiration from both imagined and real spaces in order to represent their expansive and all-encompassing nature, while focalizing Northern Canada as a fertile rather than barren landscape of colour and open space. He is noted for his autobiographical illustrations, and has said that he enjoyed making drawings filled with colour; especially landscapes, and scenes using animals (particularly birds) and people. Personal life
<mask> was married to Qaunak <mask> (sometimes spelled Haunak or Qaunak), an Inuk throat singer and carver. They lived the traditional Inuit lifestyle together before settling in Cape Dorset. Bibliography
 "Available Prints by <mask> Mikkigak." Dorset Fine Arts.Accessed March 16, 2018. http://www.dorsetfinearts.com/available-prints-by-ohotaq-mikkigak/. Campbell, Nancy. "Inuit Artist Ohotaq Mikkigak Draws on Landscapes of Ice and Memory." Canadian Art. November 2, 2012. Accessed March 16, 2018. https://canadianart.ca/features/the-colour-of-ice-ohotaq-mikkigak-and-the-landscape-of-memory/. "Mikkigak, Ohotaq."Canadian Art Prints and Winn Devon. Accessed March 16, 2018. http://capandwinndevon.com/brand/mikkigak-ohotaq/. "Ohotaq Mikkigak." Artsy. Accessed March 16, 2018. https://www.artsy.net/artist/ohotaq-mikkigak. "Ohotaq Mikkigak." DaVic Gallery of Native Canadian Arts.Accessed March 16, 2018. https://nativecanadianarts.com/artist/ohotaq-mikkigak/. "Ohotaq Mikkigak." Dorset Fine Arts. Accessed March 23, 2018. http://www.dorsetfinearts.com/ohotaq-mikkigak/. "Ohotaq Mikkigak." Inuit Art Zone. Accessed March 16, 2018. https://www.inuitartzone.com/collections/mikkigak-ohotaq."Ohotaq Mikkigak." National Gallery of Canada. Accessed March 16, 2018. https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/ohotaq-mikkigak. "Ohotaq (Oqutaq) Mikkigak (1936-2014)." Spirit Wrestler Gallery. 2013. Accessed March 16, 2018. http://www.spiritwrestler.com/catalog/index.php?artists_id=64.References

1936 births
2014 deaths
Inuit artists
Inuit from the Northwest Territories
Inuit from Nunavut
People from Kinngait
Canadian printmakers
20th-century Canadian printmakers
21st-century printmakers
Artists from Nunavut

masks: Ohotaq Mikkigak Mikkigak Mikkigak Mikkigak Mikkigak Ohotaq


title: Marina Verenikina

texts:
<mask> (known as <mask>) is a Russian singer/musician. She was born in the city of Moscow in the Russian SFSR to a nuclear physicist father and a child psychologist mother. She has released 12 albums and has toured internationally, performing over 1,200 concerts. She currently lives in Los Angeles with her husband/co-writer, Nick Baker, and their daughter, Violetta, and regularly performs on Twitch. Early life
<mask> (<mask>vna <mask>) was born to a nuclear physicist father and a psychologist mother in Moscow, Russia. <mask> started singing and writing songs at an early age. Her father Gennadiy Verenikin is of Russian descent and her mother Irina is half Jewish (her family came from Belorussia in 1870s).<mask>'s middle name means "daughter of Gennadiy." <mask> started singing before she could talk, and writing songs at 4 years of age. Her mother arranged for formal music education, and <mask> attended classical music school each day after the regular school, from age 6 until age 14 (she graduated summa cum laude). When she was 10 years old, <mask> performed one of her original compositions for her piano teacher, who dismissed it as "nonsense." <mask> was discouraged and stopped writing for a while. At the time, the Soviet Union was falling apart and Western culture slowly started appearing on the market; therefore the only music <mask> was exposed to as a child was classical and Russian folk songs. After a friend gave <mask> a bootleg cassette of The Beatles, she was inspired to write songs again.She learned many Beatles songs, which also helped to improve her understanding of the English language. At 15, <mask> won a national competition, beating over 100,000 peers, for a fully funded scholarship (Future Leaders Exchange (FLEX)/Freedom Support Act – sponsored by US Senator Bill Bradley) to study in the United States. After living in Springfield, Illinois for a year, she returned to Moscow, and started working to save enough money to return to the US, where she felt a greater freedom for individual creativity. At the same time, <mask> learned that her mother was moving to Australia, and that the Russian school system would give her no credit for her time studying in America. After graduating from high school at 17, after saving money for a plane ticket, <mask> returned to Springfield, where she enrolled at Illinois College. During this time she battled with severe depression, and began to write more and more songs about her experiences and relationships, channeling her emotions into music. She started performing during her freshman year, and started touring the Midwest.She graduated cum laude with a combined degree in international studies and economics-business and a minor in Spanish. and together with her husband/co-writer, Nick Baker, moved to Los Angeles the week she graduated. Music career

Shortly after she turned 19, <mask> met guitarist Nick Baker, who inspired her to take her musical talents seriously; she sold her pickup truck and bought a piano. She entered in her college's talent competition and sang her original composition "Leaving," winning first prize. She decided then to start recording her music and was able to finance a recording session for her debut CD Let Me Dream through paid pre-orders from students and faculty members. Her first show, at a coffeehouse in Jacksonville, Illinois, was filled to capacity. <mask> and Baker began writing songs together and began touring around Illinois, enjoying considerable success.They decided to move together to Los Angeles, California where they currently reside. Virtually unknown in Los Angeles, <mask> and Baker accepted any gigs they could find — including a successful tour of several Borders Bookstores — and sent out hundreds of demos to anyone and everyone in the music industry. Eventually they caught the attention of David Krebs, a manager who has worked with Don McLean, Trans-Siberian Orchestra, AC/DC and Aerosmith, among others. In 2005, <mask> joined forces with Jack Douglas, whose discography ranges from John Lennon and George Harrison to Aerosmith. Douglas produced two tracks for her Simple Magic album: "Underneath Your Sky" and "Killing My Dream." In Sept 2006, <mask> released her first live album, "Live at SoundMoves," which was recorded in one session at SoundMoves recording studios in Burbank, CA. In 2006, <mask> and Nick Baker toured the Czech Republic and Slovakia.In January 2008, <mask> released "Modern Fairytale," recorded with Nick Baker, <mask>'s band & their friend/engineer Jared Brown at the home studio of legendary musician Graham Nash. In 2009, "Sunshine Guaranteed" from "Modern Fairytale" was featured on a popular iPhone game, Tap Tap Revenge2. The song "Pesnya o Tebe" appears in Direct Contact, a 2009 Danny Lerner film starring Dolph Lundgren. In January 2011, <mask> and Baker released My Star, produced by the Guy Erez (known for his work with the Gipsy Kings, Ryan Cabrera, Jennifer Love Hewitt). It was sponsored entirely by <mask>'s listeners. She raised $30,000 via marinav.com. One of the songs, "Killing My Dream," featured guitarist and former KISS member Bruce Kulick.In February 2011, <mask> and Nick were flown to London to receive an award from Bob Geldof for their song "You Make Me Beautiful", which was a finalist in the international song contest YouBloom. <mask> and Baker wrote the theme song for the 2012 film Truth About Kerry. In 2011, several of <mask>'s songs aired on NBC's soap opera, Days of Our Lives. In July 2011, <mask> released an EP entitled "Small Collection of Interesting Songs," which featured 3 of the featured in the programme. The crowd funded "Inner Superhero" album, featured the song "Hello," with a video filmed in her native Moscow, won the 2013 Entrepreneurs On The Move award. The album was unofficially released in 2013. In October 2014 <mask> appeared at The Grammy Museum In March 2015 <mask> released her first Tour Documentary, "Enjoy The Ride," filmed during her 2014 U.S. Summer Tour, C Minor To Shining Sea.In 2017 <mask> released her next fan-sponsored album, Born To The Stars. The official music video featured cameos from Steel Panther, David Ellefson of Megadeth, Thomas Ian Nicholas of American Pie and Jill Sobule, among many others. In December 2018 <mask> traveled to Moscow with the GRAMMY Museum team to open the first ever GRAMMY Museum exhibit in Russia. Awards
 In November 2009, <mask>'s song "You Make Me Beautiful" was nominated for Hollywood Music Awards
In December 2010, <mask>'s song "You Make Me Beautiful" won the YouBloom International Songwriting Award. Judges included Sir Bob Geldof who personally awarded <mask> her trophy at the Awards Ceremony in London in February 2011
 In September 2013 <mask>'s song "Begu" is featured in a Lifetime TV Movie "Taken: The Search for Sophie Parker"
 In October 2014 <mask> appeared at The Grammy Museum
 In December 2014 <mask> wins the Hollywood International Entertainment Award which recognizes artistic achievement & outstanding careers. In November 2019 <mask> and Dan Navarro win an award from Hollywood Music in Media Awards (HMMAs) for their duet rendition of "We Belong" by Pat Benatar, a 1984 hit penned by Lowen and Navarro. https://www.hmmawards.com/hmma-winners/

Discography

Albums
Let Me Dream (1999)
Lift (2001)
Something of My Own (2002)
Simple Magic (2005)
Marina V: Live at SoundMoves (2006)
Russian Bootleg (2006)
Modern Fairytale (2008)
My Star (2011)
Russian Bootleg Vol.

masks:
Marina Verenikina
Marina V
Marina V
Marina Gendie
Verenikina
Marina
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Marina


title: Martin Fassnacht

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<mask> (born 1965, in Freiburg in Breisgau) is a German economist, professor and director of the Chair of Strategy and Marketing at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Managementin Düsseldorf. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1965 in Freiburg in Breisgau in Germany. Career

From 1990 to 1995, <mask> was an academic assistant at the Chair for Marketing of Hermann Simon (Manager) at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, getting his doctorate at the beginning of 1996. During this time he spent a semester as a visiting scholar at the Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA. <mask> completed his studies at the University of Mannheim, getting his degree in Marketing and Industry (in German: Dipl.-Kfm.). From 2001 to 2003, <mask> was an associate professor at the Chair of Marketing at the University of Paderborn, after having worked as an assistant professor with Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Christian Homburg both at WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management – and the University of Mannheim.During his work as assistant professor he was visiting scholar at the McCombs School of Business, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA, and worked as a consultant on a freelance basis for "Homburg & Partner", later taking over the Management Education side of corporate consulting there. WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management

Since 2003, <mask> had held the Otto Beisheim Endowed Chair of Strategy and Marketing at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management. He is also the Speaker of the Marketing and Sales Group, Academic Director of the Center for Market-Oriented Corporate Management (Zentrums für Marktorientierte Unternehmensführung - ZMU), Advisory Board Chairman of the Henkel Center for Consumer Goods (HCCG) and Academic Director of the WHU MBA Program. <mask> is also consulted regularly as a strategic advisor to the consumer goods, retail, and service industries. From 2003 to 2010, <mask> was the academic director of two executive education programs for Metro Group. From 2007 to 2009, <mask> was Vice Dean of the  WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management, and was also Academic Director of the Department of Marketing and Communications, as well as Academic Director of the Master of Science Program. From 2013 until 2014, he was the Chairman of the Marketing Commission of the German Association of Economic Professors (Verband der Hochschullehrer für Betriebswirtschaft VHB).<mask> is a member of the Schmalenbach Society of Business Management (Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft für Betriebswirtschaft) in Cologne, Germany, the Erich Gutenberg Working Group (Erich-Gutenberg Arbeitsgemeinschaft), the German Association of Economic Professors (Verband der Hochschullehrer für Betriebswirtschaft VHB), the American Marketing Association (AMA), the Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) and the European Marketing Academy (EMAC). Research
The main research focus of <mask> and his team are in the areas of pricing, brand management, retail marketing and omnichannel business. <mask> is the author of numerous publications in national and international magazines and newspapers, the Journal of Business Economics, Schmalenbachs Journal of Business Economic Research (Schmalenbachs Zeitschrift für betriebswirtschaftliche Forschung), Journal of Marketing, Journal of Service Research, the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing and the Journal of Business Research. Honours

Four years in a row, the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung listed Professor Dr. <mask> in its Economist Ranking among the 100 most influential economists in Germany. In 2017 he was ranked 56th, in 2018 64th, in 2019 68th and in 2020 he took 91th place. He has received several awards for his scientific work. His article "The Role of Soft Factors in Implementing a Service-Oriented Strategy in Industrial Marketing Companies" was voted "Outstanding Article of the Year 2003" by the editorial board of the Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing.His article "Quality of Electronic Services: Conceptualizing and Testing a Hierarchical Model" was awarded the "Best Paper Award" in the topic area "Service Marketing" at the 2005 Summer Marketing Educators' Conference of the American Marketing Association (AMA). The article "Consequences of web-based service quality: Uncovering a multi-faceted chain of effects" was listed as "Top Cited Article 2007-2011" by the Journal of Interactive Marketing. The article "The impact of external social and internal personal forces on consumers' brand community engagement on Facebook" was distinguished with the Highly Commended Paper 2017 award by the Journal of Product & Brand Management. For their book Preismanagement (Price Management) Hermann Simon and <mask> were awarded the Georg-Bergler-Preis für Absatzwirtschaft 2010. This prize is awarded every two years by the magazine "absatzwirtschaft", the German Marketing Association (Deutscher Marketing-Verband) and the German Society of Consumer Research, Nuremberg (Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung, GfK-Nürnberg e.V.) and, with prize money of 20,000 euros, is one of the highest endowed marketing textbook awards in Europe. Selected publications

 Schmitz, A.-K., <mask>, M., Schnabl, L. (2021): Spielraum für höhere Preise nutzen: Wegen der Inflation müssen Anbieter mehr Geld von Kunden verlangen.Aber wie?, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: FAZ, 18.10.2021, S. 16. Simon, H./Fassnacht, M. (2021): Price Management: 正版 价格管理:理论与实践 [德]赫尔曼 西蒙 [Chinese version], Beijing: China Machine Press. <mask>, M./Dahm, J.-M. (2021): Growing luxury brands by increasing the price: does the Veblen effect exist? in: Luxury Research Journal, 2021 Vol.2 No.1/2, pp.99 – 139. Lechermeier, J./Fassnacht, M./Wagner, T. (2020): Testing the influence of real-time performance feedback on employees in digital services, Journal of Service Management, Vol. 31 No. 3, pp.345-371. Schmitz, A.-K./<mask>, M (2020): Premiumization as a profit growth strategy. A framework of strategic options, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, No. 3/2020, pp. 60-68. <mask>, M./Szajna, M. (2020): Plädoyer für das stationäre Geschäft, in: Lebensmittelzeitung, Ausgabe 4/2020, p. 42. <mask>, M./Mahadevan, J.(2019): Wachsende Handelsmacht, in: Lebensmittelzeitung, Ausgabe 20/2019, p. 28. Simon, H./Fassnacht, M. (2019): Price Management: Zarządzanie cenami [Polish Edition], Warsaw, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Simon, H./Fassnacht, M. (2019): Price Management: Прайс-менеджмент - Стратегия, анализ, решение и реализация, [Russian Version], Moscow: Byblos Publishing. Fassnacht, M./Beatty, S/Szajna, M. (2019): Combating the negative effects of showrooming: Successful salesperson tactics for converting showroomers into buyers, in Journal of Business Research, Vol. 102, pp. 131–139. Simon, H./Fassnacht, M. (2019): Price Management: Strategy, Analysis, Decision, Implementation [English Version], 1st ed.2019, Springer. <mask>, M./Dahm, J.-M. (2018): The Veblen effect and (in)conspicuous consumption – a state of the art article, in: Luxury Research Journal, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 343-371. Lechermeier, J./<mask>, M. (2018): How do performance feedback characteristics influence recipients’ reactions? A state-of-the-art review on feedback source, timing, and valence effects, in: Management Review Quarterly, No.1/2018, pp.1–49. Bergers, D./<mask>, M. (2017): Debiasing Strategies in the Price Management Process, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, No. 6/2017, pp. 50–58. <mask>, M./Schmitz, A.-K. (2017): Digitization and the Retail Landscape – 10 Theses, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, No. 5/2017, pp. 10–17.Lechermeier, J. / <mask>, M. / Wagner, T. (2017): The effects of immediate customer feedback on frontline employees´ engagement and service performance, in: Proceedings of the 26th Annual Frontiers in Service Conference, June 22–25, 2017, New York, USA. <mask>, M. (2017): Die Innovationskraft des Marketings. in: Absatzwirtschaft, Sonderausgabe zur dmexco 2017, S. 58–59. Simon, C./ Brexendorf, T.O./ Fassnacht, M. (2016): The impact of external social and internal personal forces on consumers’ brand community engagement on Facebook, in: Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 25 Iss 5 pp. 409 – 423.Simon, H./<mask>, M. (2016): Preismanagement: Strategie - Analyse - Entscheidung Umsetzung, 4. vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, Wiesbaden: Springer Gabler. Scharwey, A. C./Fassnacht M. (2016): Luxury-Specific Dimensions of Customer-Salesperson Relationships, in: Thieme, W. M. (Hrsg. ): Luxusmarkenmanagement: Grundlagen, Strategien und praktische Umsetzung, Wiesbaden: Springer, S. 421–436
 Fassnacht, M./Schmitz, A.-K. (2016): Leistungsbezogene Preisdifferenzierung bei Dienstleistungen, in: Corsten, H./Roth, S. (Hrsg. ): Handbuch Dienstleistungsmanagement, München: Vahlen, S. 789–807. Fassnacht, M./Unterhuber, S. (2016): Consumer Response to Online/Offline Price Differentation, in: Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services.Vol. 28, pp. 137–148. Goetz, D.M./<mask>, M. (2015): Brand Name Strategies for Successful Upward Extension, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 26–35.Fassnacht, M./Königsfeld, J. A. (2015): Sales Promotion Management in Retailing: Tasks, Benchmarks, and Future Trends, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 67–77. <mask>, M./Scharwey, A.(2015): Social Distance in Luxury Customer–Salesperson Relationships, in: Bartsch, S./Blümelhuber, C. (Hrsg. ): Always Ahead im Marketing, Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Anton Meyer, Wiesbaden: Gabler, S. 433–448. <mask>, M./Schmidt, T./Pannek, J. (2015): Determinants of Choice Satisfaction in a High-Involvement Product Choice, in: Journal of Management and Marketing Research, Vol. 19, pp. 1–19.Fassnacht, M./ Unterhuber S. (2015): Cross-Channel Pricing: What We Know and What We Need to Know, in: International Journal of Business Research, Vol. 15, Nr. 2, pp. 39–60
 Kluge, P.N./Fassnacht, M. (2015): Selling Luxury Goods Online: Effects of Online Accessibility and Price Display, in: International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol. 43, No. 10/11, pp. 1065–1082
 Fassnacht, M./Szajna, M. (2014): Shoppen, ohne einzukaufen - Der Trend Showrooming im Einzelhandel, in: Gössinger, R./Zäpfel, G.(Hrsg. ): Management integrativer Leistungserstellung, Festschrift für Hans Corsten, Betriebswirtschaftliche Schriften Band 168, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, S. 287–304. Goetz, D. M./Fassnacht, M./Rumpf, K. (2014): Extending Downward is Not Always Bad: Parent Brand Evaluations After Brand Extension to Higher and Lower Price and Quality Levels, in: Journal of Brand Management, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 303–324. Simon, C./Brexendorf, T. O./Fassnacht, M. (2013): Creating Online Brand Experience on Facebook, in: Marketing Review St. Gallen, Vol.30, No. 6, pp. 50–59. Möller, S./Ciuchita,R./Mahr, D./Oderkerken-Schröder, G./<mask>, M. (2013): Uncovering Collaborative Value Creation Patterns and Establishing Corresponding Customer Roles, in: Journal of Service Research, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 471–487.Fassnacht, M./El Husseini, S. (2013): EDLP vs. Hi-Lo Pricing Strategies in Retailing – A State of the Art Article, in: Journal of Business Economics (früher: Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft), Vol. 83, No. 3, S. 259–289. <mask>, M./Kluge, P.N./Mohr, H. (2013): Pricing Luxury Brands: Specificities, Conceptualization, and Performance Impact, in: Marketing ZFP – Journal of Research and Management, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 104–117.Kluge, P.N./Königsfeld, J.A./Fassnacht, M./Mitschke, F. (2013): Luxury Web Atmospherics: An Examination of Homepage Design, in: International Journal of Retailing & Distribution Management, Vol. 21, No. 11/12, pp. 901–916. Simon, H./Zatta, D./<mask>, M. (2013): Price Management, II. Strumenti operative e applicazioni settoriali [Italian Version], Milano: FrancoAngeli. Simon, H./Zatta, D./Fassnacht, M. (2013): Price Management.I. Strategia, analisi e determinazione del prezzo [Italian Version], Milano: FrancoAngeli. References

1965 births
German economists
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz alumni
Writers from Freiburg im Breisgau
Living people

masks:
Martin Fassnacht
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title: Archduke Wilhelm of Austria

texts:
Archduke <mask> of Austria, later <mask>-Lothringen (10 February 1895 – 18 August 1948), also known as Vasyl Vyshyvani (), was an Austrian archduke, a colonel of the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen, and a poet, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Biography

Background and early life

Archduke <mask> was the youngest son of Archduke Karl Stephan and Archduchess Maria Theresia, Princess of Tuscany. He was born in a family estate on the Lošinj island, Austrian Littoral (present day Croatia). During his arrest by the Soviet authorities he indicated the city of Pola (at the time of arrest in Italy, today Pula, Croatia). <mask> also indicated that his social class is "of landowners" (, pomeschik; Lord of the manor) and he has no occupation. The last one was not accurate as at the moment of arrest he was a businessman-entrepreneur. <mask> was growing up in parental estate located in Polish city of Żywiec, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.His father was a patriot of Poland and had inferior feelings towards Ukrainian population. Accommodating the 19th-century rise of nationalism, he decided that his branch of the Habsburg family would adopt a Polish identity and would combine a loyalty to their Habsburg family with a loyalty to Poland. Accordingly, he had his children learn Polish from an early age and tried to instill in them a sense of Polish patriotism. His oldest son, Karl-Albrecht, would become a Polish officer who refused to renounce his Polish loyalty even under torture by the Gestapo. Karl Stephan's two younger daughters would marry into the Polish noble families of Radziwill and Czartoryski. <mask>, the youngest child, rebelled, and came to identify with the Poles' rivals, the Ukrainians. The younger <mask> was told about Ukrainians to be bandits and a tribe of robbers.In 1912 when he was 17 <mask> decided see this mysterious people firsthand. He boarded a train and incognito traveled to Worochta (Vorokhta) and then through number of Hutsul villages. Failing to find any robbers, he developed a fascination with Ukrainian culture that he kept for the rest of his life. This interest in the relatively impoverished Ukrainian people earned him the nickname of the "Red Prince". Eventually the Habsburgs came to accept and encourage this interest, and according to Timothy Snyder he was groomed by them to take a leadership role amongst the Ukrainian people in a manner similar to the one in which his father and older brother were to take amongst the Habsburgs' Polish subjects. World War I

As <mask> studied at the Vienna War College, there began the World War I. Upon graduation in 1915 he went to the frontlines starting his military service in a company of the 13th Galicia Lancer (Ulan) Regiment.The regiment was dominated by Ukrainians around Zoloczow (Zolochiv). While serving in the regiment <mask> started to read works of Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Ivan Franko, Taras Shevchenko and others. His soldiers gave him as a present a Ukrainian embroidered shirt-vyshyvanka which he carried under his uniform. Habsburg asked his soldiers to call him Vasyl and later for the embroidered shirt was nicknamed as Vyshyvanyi. During that period he repeatedly had to defend the Galician Ukrainians whom the local administration consisted predominantly of Poles were arresting under suspicion of disloyalty to Austria-Hungary. In 1916 <mask> was returned from the frontlines as reaching the age of 21 any member of the Habsburg House automatically were becoming a deputy of the Austria-Hungary parliament. In parliament he came to work closely with Ukrainian deputies to the parliament of the Austro-Hungary and Metropolitan bishop Andrei Sheptytsky and served as a liaison between the Ukrainian community leaders and Austria's emperor Charles I whom <mask> knew since childhood and was able to pay him official visit in the beginning of 1917.As the most acceptable course to solve the "Ukrainian issue", for <mask> it seemed a creation of autonomous Great Duchy of Ukraine within reformed on federalist principles Habsburg monarchy (see United States of Greater Austria). To that Duchy beside the Eastern Galicia and Bucovina could include Ukrainian lands that at that time belonged to the Imperial Russia and which had to be reconquest. Some researchers (i.e. Timothy Snyder) claim that in future <mask> saw himself as a head of state for the duchy as being an ideal candidate for the role first of all as a member of the ruling family, and second as one who already knows the language and has authority among Ukrainians. In similar way when in 1916 there was restored the Kingdom of Poland the father of <mask> was considered the main candidate for the crown. According to other historians, Vasyl Vyshyvanyi personally did not lay a claim to the "Ukrainian throne" and later wrote about it stating that he would lead Ukraine only in case if majority of its residents wanted. Ukrainian–Soviet War
Meanwhile the Russian Empire fell apart and there appeared the Ukrainian People's Republic and according to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (initiated by the Bolsheviks) Austria-Hungary and the German Empire signed to help Ukraine militarily in its struggle against Bolsheviks.Promoted to the rank of captain, Vasyl Vyshyvanyi was placed in charge of the "Battle Group Archduke Wilhelm", created by the Emperor Charles I, and provided with approximately 4,000 Ukrainian soldiers and officers under his command from the Austrian Legion of Sich Riflemen and was directed to the Ukrainian South where they fought Bolsheviks. At first the Austrian forces entered the already liberated Kherson and later for two months left in Aleksandrovsk (today Zaporizhia) where the Archduke launched a turbulent activity: building connections between the Galician riflemen and local population, cooperated with local public organization of Prosvita, to lift military spirit along with his subordinates he visited iconic places of the Cossack history. His troops occupied a small area near the site of the old Zaporozhian Sich, and were tasked with supporting the Ukrainian national cause in any way possible. This was done by screening officials by ethnicity, creating a newspaper, and engaging in cultural work with local peasants. <mask> mixed easily with the local peasants, who admired his ability to live simply like his soldiers. Within <mask>'s personal occupation zone, peasants were allowed to keep the lands that they had taken from the landlords in 1917, and <mask> prevented the Habsburg armed forces from requisitioning grain. Ukrainians who had resisted requisitioning elsewhere - including those who had killed German or Austrian soldiers - were given refuge within <mask>'s territory.During time the warriors of Vasyl Vyshyvanyi came in close cooperation with warriors-Skhidniaky (for "Easterners"), particularly members of Zaporizhia Corps of the Ukrainian Army. These actions outraged Germany and Austrian officials in Kiev, but increased his popularity among local Ukrainians, who referred to him as affectionately as "Kniaz Vasyl" (local correspondence to Archduke <mask>). In April 1918 in Ukraine took place a coup-d'état which overthrew the Ukrainian republican government and placed former Imperial Russian general of the Svita (H. I. M. Retinue) Pavlo Skoropadsky as the Hetman of Ukraine (local princely title). During the period of the Ukrainian State, the Germans feared that <mask> would create a coup and overthrow the Hetman. The Hetman was disliked by soldiers of the Zaporizhia Corps and Legion of Sich Riflemen. In circles of the Zaporizhia Division officers a plan was formed to overthrew now the Hetman and place Archduke <mask> a sovereign of Ukraine. Among the most active supporters of the idea was Colonel Petro Bolbochan (later executed on order of Symon Petlura).The Archduke was uncertain of the proposition and sought consultations of Charles I who did not approve it as it would lead into disagreement with Germans. According to some researchers, the Habsburgs hoped for Ukraine to be a politically self-sufficient ally in order to counter German power. <mask> and his soldiers were finally recalled out of Ukraine in October 1918 due to the revolutionary conditions there, moving to the Austrian Bukovina. In Czernowitz (today Chernivtsi) he was placed in hospital due to tuberculosis. Through his intervention, in October 1918 two regiments of mostly Ukrainian troops were garrisoned in Lemberg (modern Lviv). This would set the stage for the declaration of the West Ukrainian National Republic on 1 November. As he laid in the hospital, the World War I ended, Austria-Hungary fell apart, and the Habsburgs lost their throne.In the Eastern Galicia was proclaimed the West Ukrainian National Republic, while Ukrainians of Bucovina tried to unite their land with the new Ukrainian republic, but unsuccessfully. The Bucovina was occupied by the Romanian forces against whom fought Austria-Hungary and <mask> to avoid arrest fled to Lviv. As Lviv was occupied now by Polish forces, <mask> again was forced to leave it moving to the Carpathian region where he was hiding in local monasteries for almost half a year. Meanwhile while Germany was withdrawing its troops from Ukraine, the regime of Skoropadsky in Ukraine was overthrown by republican forces of "Directoria" led by Volodymyr Vynnychenko and Symon Petlura and already no one else was offering <mask> to become a sovereign of Ukraine. As a Habsburg, he had become a liability to the Ukrainian cause, which was being portrayed to the Allies by its Polish enemies as an Austrian plot. In June 1919 while traveling across Carpathians, <mask> was arrested by Romanian soldiers and detained for three months until on petition of the Ukrainian People's Republic he was released. He then left for Kamianets-Podilsky that served as a capital of Ukraine.After pledging loyalty to the Ukrainian People's Republic, he was made a colonel and headed a section of international relations of the General Staff Main Department within the Ukrainian Army. In protest at Petlura's peace treaty with Poland in 1920, which he considered to be a betrayal, he resigned and lived in exile in Vienna. Interbellum period
In an interview in a Viennese newspaper in January 1921, <mask> publicly rebuked Poland, condemning the pogroms in Lwów as something that would never happen in a civilized country, and referring to Poland and Poles as dishonorable. This caused a permanent, public estrangement between <mask> and his father Stephan. Formally he continued to be on payroll a colonel of the Ukrainian Army for a little while until the Austrian press published his anti-Polish declarations. Following that the Ukrainian government that temporarily moved to Poland officially fired him. In 1921 <mask> published a book of poetry in Ukrainian, Mynayut Dni (Минають дні - The days pass).In circles of Ukrainian political emigrants a hope was burning that the loss is not yet final and the Soviet regime could still be overthrown. In Vienna Habsburg became involved with pro Ukrainian monarchists who saw in him an opportunity, but nothing came out of it. According to laws of the newly formed Austrian Republic every Habsburg may become a citizen and as well as residency only if would officially abandon any claims to govern. <mask> chose not to abandon those claims and de jure lived in Vienna illegally. Finally in 1922 he managed to obtain an empty Austrian passport where he inscribed his new name as Vasyl Vyshyvanyi. Under his Ukrainian name Vasyl Vyshyvani, he left Austria for Spain in 1922 from which he hoped in vain to obtain financial support for his Ukrainian adventure from his cousin, King Alfonso XIII. After Spain became republic in 1931 Vyshyvanyi moved to Paris.In 1933 father of <mask> died and the <mask>'s brothers, who inherited a brewery and land lots in Żywiec, Poland, paid off <mask>'s debts and provided him a monthly stipend. In Paris Vyshavanyi renewed his communications with Ukrainians when members of the newly formed Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) found him. He twice met with head of OUN Yevhen Konovalets. Through <mask>, nationalists tried to find new sources of financing. In 1935 or 1934 he became enmeshed in a criminal case in which his girlfriend Paulette Couyba tried with a help of false bank check swindle a French investor (dealers of alcohol) of hundreds of thousands of Francs. <mask> was invited to the meeting between Couyba and the investor, possibly to built a trust. Himself as <mask> later claim did not understand what was taking place.The arrested woman at first pleaded guilty, but later began to shift the blame on <mask> stating that the ill-gotten money were supposed to go to return Habsburgs to power. The sensationalistic news was picked up by the French left-wing news media which was irritated by the mere surname of the Austrian. The press sentenced <mask> already before trial and fearing unjust verdict <mask> fled Paris for Vienna. An informant for the French police claimed that <mask> carried on a sexual relationship with two of his male assistants. The judges sentenced him to five years in prison, while Couyba was released. The American historian Timothy Snyder, an author of book about <mask> "Red Prince", considers him not guilty of that crime. The researcher as some contemporaries of <mask> do not exclude that it was a set diversion of some foreign intelligent forces (i.e.Poland, Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union) that supposed to strike the Habsburgs' reputation and prevent their restoration. That theory is supported by the fact that Couyba under a false name and fictitious pretext unsuccessfully tried to go to Austria, possibly publicize the scandal in Austria. By that time the Austrian authorities were more supportive for Habsburgs than in the 1920s and did not demand renunciation from them. <mask> finally was able to receive official Austrian citizenship and passport with his real name. For sometime <mask> considered himself a supporter of Austrian and Italian fascists, but by end of 1930s became more sympathetic towards German Nazis, which most of Habsburgs did not support and feelings were mutual. It seemed that the new war in Europe was imminent and it could give Ukrainians a chance to restore its sovereignty and also seemed that only Germany was interested in that to happen. <mask> greeted the 1938 Anschluss of Austria and officially recognized himself belonging to the German nation.Soon however, <mask> realized that the Hitlerites would not allow for creation of independent Ukraine even as a puppet state similar to Slovakia and Croatia. After he and his brother Karl Albrecht were arrested and interrogated by Gestapo, <mask> changed his political views and soon joined the local anti-Nazi resistance in Vienna. World War II, French resistance, and Banderites
It is uncertain when <mask> turned against Nazis, but according to Snyder he possibly already was spying for some intelligence services, possibly the British SIS which financed and supported resistance movements throughout whole Europe, by the start of 1942. Eventually he became a spy for the French resistance against the Nazis and then the Soviet Union. In 1944 he became acquainted with some French national Paul

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