title: Kiprijonas Nezabitauskis

texts:
<mask> (, 12 September 1779 – 10 July 1837) was a Lithuanian Roman Catholic priest and poet. He was half-brother of Kajetonas Nezabitauskis. After studies at Vilnius University and Vilnius Priest Seminary, Nezabitauskis was ordained as a priest in 1803 and worked as a parish priest in Varniai and Veliuona. After the Uprising of 1831, he fled Tsarist persecutions first to East Prussia and then to France. In 1836, he became director of a school established by Polish émigrés in Nancy, France, but died just a year and half later. In Lithuania, Nezabitauskis joined the Samogitian literary movement (an early predecessor of the Lithuanian National Revival) which supported and promoted the use of the Lithuanian language. He published a translated work on beekeeping, contributed material to a Lithuanian grammar textbook, and began working on a Lithuanian–Polish dictionary.It appears that he abandoned the dictionary after the letter K due to losing support from professor  and Count Nikolay Rumyantsev. His brother Kajetonas claimed authorship of both the dictionary and the beekeeping work. In exile, Nezabitauskis wrote a collection of 18 epic poetry works plus a modification of a ballad Birutė by . This was one of the first political and philosophical poetry works in Lithuanian. The manuscript was discovered in 1909 and first published in 1931. He also translated and published excerpts from works by Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais and Adam Mickiewicz that were very popular among Polish émigrés in France. Biography

In Lithuania
Nezabitauskis was born in  near Salantai, Samogitia, then part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to a family of free peasants.Born as Zabitis, he changed his name to Polish Niezabitowski (signed in Lithuanian as Nezabitowskas) to appear to be from the Lithuanian nobility. He likely purchased baptismal records from a noble and thus his date of birth is often incorrectly recorded as 1774. From 1786 to 1792, he attended Kražiai College (equivalent to secondary school) and then enrolled into Vilnius University. He studied anatomy and natural sciences. After graduating in 1796, he became a student at the Vilnius Priest Seminary where he studied for six years and Varniai Priest Seminary where he spent the 1802/1803 school year. Usually, university graduates were ordained as priests very quickly, but Nezabitauskis had to wait until 1803 – the year he turned 24, the minimum age for a priest set by the Council of Trent. After ordination, Nezabitauskis briefly served as the administrator of Varniai parish before transferring as administrator to Jurbarkas parish.From 1806 to 1815, he was parson of Varniai, then the seat of the Diocese of Samogitia. At the same time, from 1808, he was director of the Varniai cathedral school and, from 1811, he was religious representative to the district court in Telšiai. In 1815, Nezabitauskis was reassigned to Veliuona where he was parson until 1831. He continued to be religious representative to courts first in Raseiniai and then, from 1820, in Vilnius. These duties often brought Nezabitauskis to Vilnius where he helped his younger half-brother Kajetonas Nezabitauskis cover education costs at Vilnius University. He became acquainted with a small circle of Samogitian students, including Simonas Stanevičius, who promoted the use of the Lithuanian language. In an 1824 letter, Dionizas Poška suggested establishing a committee on the Lithuanian language and, among others, suggested the Nezabitauskis brothers as its members.Uprising and exile
During the anti-Russian Uprising of 1831, Nezabitauskis was rather passive and helped the rebels only when threatened. Nevertheless, Russian police decided to confiscate all the property of Nezabitauskis in May 1832 and, fearing an imminent arrest, he fled to Schmalleningken (Smalininkai), then in East Prussia. He wrote letters to , governor of Vilnius, Bishop , and even Frederick William III of Prussia asking for support and clemency. However, a Russian military court sentenced him to death on 28 April 1834 – mostly because he fled. His name was added to a list of those whose sentences could be commuted if they voluntarily turned themselves in. Nezabitauskis traveled to Strasbourg where he lived on money received from sympathetic priests who remained in Lithuania. In 1844, three priests were sentenced to exile in Kaluga and Ryazan for providing money to Nezabitauskis.In 1835, Nezabitauskis received an invitation to become director of a school established by Polish émigrés in Nancy, France (see also: Great Emigration). He arrived in January 1836 and worked as director, chaplain, teacher of religion, morality, history, and arithmetic. After five weeks of illness, he died in July 1837. Works

In Lithuania
Nezabitauskis wrote supporting material to a Polish–Lithuanian grammar for school students written by  in 1823. The material took three printing sheets out of 27 total sheets (168 pages in quarto). The grammar received some 700 pre-orders and was read by a number of professors of Vilnius University, however the manuscript was not approved by the Tsarist censors and was lost. Therefore, the content of Nezabitauskis' additions is unknown.In 1823, he translated and published a 75-page booklet on beekeeping from a Polish work by Jan Krzysztof Kluk. The work was dedicated to Count Nikolay Rumyantsev. His brother Kajetonas claimed authorship of this work. It included a quatrain translated by Dionizas Poška that was also included in Kajetonas' primer. Sometime before 1823, Nezabitauskis began working on a Lithuanian–Polish dictionary and collected about 18,000 words. Via professor , he hoped to receive financial support from Count Nikolay Rumyantsev. Loboiko initially supported the effort, but became disappointed with the rather poor lexicographic quality of Nezabitauskis' work and switched his support to Dionizas Poška who worked on a similar dictionary.It appears that Nezabitauskis abandoned his work (he got up to the letter K) and the manuscript was lost in Warsaw during World War II. His half-brother Kajetonas <mask> in letters to professor Michał Wiszniewski and Simonas Daukantas claimed authorship of the dictionary. While this claim has been rebuked by literary historians, it is still sometimes repeated. In exile
Nezabitauskis is considered to be one of the first political and philosophical poets in Lithuanian, even if his poetry is not strong. In 1835, he prepared a collection of poetry entitled Eiliavimas liežuvyje lietuviškai-žemaitiškam (Poetry in the Tongue of Lithuanian-Samogitian). The collection, dedicated to Adam Mickiewicz, included 19 epic works, including historical descriptions, fight marches, and elegies. The only non-original work was a slightly modified version of the ballad Birutė by .The unpublished 88-page manuscript was discovered by Juozas Gabrys at the Polish Library in Paris in 1909 and was first published in 1931. The poems reflect Nezabitauskis' nostalgia for the homeland and grief for its lost independence, disappointment in world order (including some complaints to God) and a rebellious attitude calling for the liberation of Poland–Lithuania. Though undated and unsigned, researchers believe that around 1835–1836 he translated and published two small booklets with excerpts from Paroles d'un croyant (Words of a Believer) by Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais and Modlitwa pielgrzyma (Prayers of Pilgrimage) and Litania pielgrzymska (Litany of Pilgrimage) by Adam Mickiewicz. These works were very popular among Polish émigrés in France. He did not use the original French work by de Lamennais, but a Polish translation by . References

1779 births
1837 deaths
Lithuanian Roman Catholic priests
Lithuanian poets
Lithuanian emigrants to France
Vilnius University alumni
People sentenced to death in absentia

masks:
Kiprijonas Juozas Nezabitauskis Zabitis
Nezabitauskis


title: Kengo Nakamura

type: original

texts:
is a Japanese retired professional footballer who played as a midfielder. A one-club man, <mask> signed with Kawasaki Frontale in 2003 and helped the then J2 outfit earn promotion back to the top flight in 2004, and became a fixture in the ambitious Frontale side that finished second in the J1 League in 2006, 2008 and 2009. He was named club captain for the first time in 2012, and in the same season lead the league in assists with 13. In 2016, at the age of 36, <mask> was named both J League MVP and Japanese Footballer of the Year, becoming the oldest recipient of either award. The following season, he was a part of the Kawasaki side that won the J1 League for the first time in the club's history. He would win two more J1 League titles in 2018 and 2020, as well as a domestic double of the Japanese Super and J League Cups in 2019 before retiring at the end of the 2020 season after 17 years and over 500 appearances for the club. <mask> was first selected for the Japan national team in 2006 under Ivica Osim and earned his first cap on October 4 in a 1-0 friendly win against Ghana.He scored his first international goal one week later in a 3-0 win over India, and represented his country at the 2007 AFC Asian Cup. After battling through injury, he was named in the Japan squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, making one substitute appearance as the side reached the round of 16. In total, <mask> earned 68 caps and scored 6 goals during an 8 year international career. He is Matsuzaka Generation. Career

Youth career
<mask> was born in Kodaira, Tokyo and began playing football in the first grade, joining the Fuchu Boys' Soccer Club in nearby Fuchu. <mask> played in many tournaments during his youth career, including the 1989 All Japan Youth Soccer Tournament, where Fuchu reached the round of 16, and the 8th Tokyo Boys' Selection Soccer Tournament, where he was named as one of the 10 best players. He continued to play into his teens, and, after graduating from Kurume High School, he enrolled in Chuo University, studying English and American literature whilst also playing for the university football team.In his third year, he became a regular fixture in the squad, despite the team performing poorly, finishing last in the Kanto University League 1st Division and suffering relegation to the 2nd Division. The following year, <mask> was named club captain and led Chuō to win the 2nd Division, earning promotion back to the top league at the first time of asking. <mask> graduated from Chuō in 2002 with a Bachelor of Arts in English. Kawasaki Frontale (2003–2020)

Early years and promotion (2003–2005)

<mask>'s work as club captain at Chuō had attracted attention from J League scouts, and he was invited for a trial by Kawasaki Frontale of the Second Division shortly after graduation. He impressed and was signed to a professional contract in early 2003. He made his first appearance on the opening day of the 2003 Division 2 season against Sanfrecce Hiroshima, coming on in the 88th minute to replace Takehito Shigehara. He scored his first professional goal on April 9, the last in a 5-1 drubbing of Montedio Yamagata.In his first season, <mask> made 34 league appearances and scored four goals, as well as another two in the 2003 Emperor's Cup. After playing much of his first season as an aggressive box-to-box midfielder, manager Takashi Sekizuka began switching <mask> to the role of a playmaker in 2004, a move <mask> credited as a turning point in his career. <mask> made 41 appearances and scored 5 times as he cemented himself as a regular starter and Frontale won the league and earned promotion back to the top flight for the first time since 2000. Continuing to play as a starter, <mask>'s first season in the First Division was a modest success, making 29 appearances and scoring 2 goals as Frontale managed to safely avoid any threat of relegation with an 8th place finish. A respectable performance in the Emperor's Cup was marked by a 3-2 victory over reigning First Division Champions Yokohama F. Marinos on December 10, 2005, with <mask> scoring the winner in the 97th minute of extra time to take Frontale to the quarter finals, where they were knocked out by eventual winners, Urawa Red Diamonds. Title contention (2006–2009)

The 2006 season was seen as a breakthrough for both <mask> and Frontale as a whole, as the team looked to expand on their 8th place finish the previous campaign. <mask> continued to hold down his starting place in central midfield, scoring 10 goals as the ambitious Frontale became serious challengers for their first ever First Division trophy.Despite falling short to Urawa Red Diamonds and finishing second, the 2006 season was seen as one of many positives for the side and considered to be <mask>'s best yet, as he scored 10 goals from midfield and was named in the J League Best XI along with teammate Hiroyuki Taniguchi, marking the first time any Frontale players had been included. The 2007 season was less successful and saw Frontale's league form take a dip, as they finished fifth and seven points behind fourth place Shimizu S-Pulse. Their league form was however contrasted by a successful Nabisco Cup run to the final, with <mask> playing in both the semi and eventual final on March 11, where they lost to Gamba Osaka. A rejuvenated Frontale bounced back to make another strong challenge for the First Division title in 2008, with <mask> once again in a pivotal role as their midfield playmaker, providing 11 assists and four goals from midfield as Frontale went head to head with Kashima Antlers in the top two spots. It would however be another year of disappointment, as they missed out on winning the league by just 3 points. By 2009, Frontale were perennial title challengers as they looked to stop Kashima Antlers from winning a historic three First Divisions in a row. In another closely contended title race, Frontale were once again narrowly beaten by the Antlers, losing out on the first place by just two points.<mask> enjoyed his most prolific season as a playmaker yet, providing 11 assists and 4 goals, as well as being part of the team that reached the final of the 2009 Nabisco Cup, earning a big quarter final win over Kashima on the way to the final, where they were defeated by F.C. Tokyo. Injury and international recognition (2010–2012)

By 2009, <mask> was considered as Frontale's best known and most popular player, and despite making the J League Best XI three years in a row, was widely seen as one of the most underrated players in the First Division. <mask>'s consistent performances for club and country eventually attracted attention from overseas clubs, with Dutch club PSV Eindhoven making an offer for him in late 2009; <mask> respectfully declined, citing feelings of debt toward Frontale as the club who took a chance on him and gave him the opportunity to become a professional. <mask> was injured during an AFC Champions League game against Seongnam Ilhwa on February 23, 2010, suffering a Mandibular fracture, casting doubt over his eligibility for selection in the upcoming 2010 FIFA World Cup; <mask> was however able to make a speedy recovery and was named in Japan's squad, but only made one substitute appearance as Japan were knocked out in the round of 16. Club captain (2012–2017)

At the start of the 2012 J1 season, <mask> was named captain of Frontale for the first time ever, and arguably enjoyed his best season to date, scoring 5 goals and leading the league in assists with 13. The following season saw him placed in a prolific three man attacking partnership with new signings Yoshito Ōkubo and Renatinho, with <mask> providing 7 goals and 8 assists as Frontale earned a return to the AFC Champions League for the first time in three years.The 2014 and 2015 seasons were less successful for both club and individual, as <mask> suffered an ankle injury which would require surgery and caused him to miss the end of the 2014 season. Before his absence, however, <mask> remained a highlight of the squad as he once again lead the league in assists with 14, and performed well again after his return from surgery in 2015, recording 8 more assists. The 2016 season was widely seen as the best of <mask>'s career, as he provided 10 assists and scored 9 goals whilst captaining Frontale to a second place finish in the J1, the final of the 2016 Emperor's Cup and taking them through to the J1 Championship stage, where they lost in the semi-finals to third place Kashima Antlers. Despite this, <mask>'s efforts were recognised as he was named both J League MVP and Japanese Footballer of the Year, becoming the oldest recipient of either award at the age of 36. Final successes and retirement (2017–2020)

At the beginning of the 2017 season, <mask> gave up the captain's armband, with striker Yu Kobayashi chosen as his replacement. He would however remain a pivotal part of the squad with 6 goals and 12 assists throughout the season. <mask>'s efforts were finally rewarded at the end of the 2017 season, when, after 11 years of trying and three runner-up medals, Frontale won the J1 League for the first time in club history, finally beating longtime title rivals Kashima Antlers on goal difference on the final day of the season.Frontale would become back to back champions the following year, with <mask> once again featuring heavily with 6 goals and 6 assists. The 2019 season would see him sidelined with two separate injuries, however, he was present for both the Japanese Super Cup and J League Cup finals, scoring a penalty in the latter as Frontale did the domestic double and won both. Shortly after Frontale won the J League Cup, <mask> announced he would require knee surgery, which he underwent successfully in November, after which he would require seven months of rehabilitation. <mask> made his return on August 29, 2020, scoring as Frontale defeated Shimizu S-Pulse in a resounding 5-0 victory. On October 31, his 40th birthday, he scored the winning goal as Frontale extended their unbeaten run to defeat F.C. Tokyo 2-1. A day later, <mask> announced his intention to retire from the professional game at the end of the season.After winning one more J1 League trophy with Frontale, <mask>'s retirement ceremony was held on December 21, 2020. He remained with Frontale after retirement, and currently works as the club's relations organiser while also occasionally pitching in as a member of the coaching staff. Playing style
<mask> began his career as a central box-to-box midfielder, but was converted to the role of a playmaker during his second season at Frontale under Takashi Sekizuka, a move he credited as a turning point in his career. He was recognised as a highly efficient passer of the ball, regularly topping the J League for assists throughout his career, as well as being a consistent goal threat and an adept dribbler with determination and strength, despite his relatively small size. His ability on set-pieces has also been praised, both free kicks and penalties. Club statistics

National team statistics

National team career statistics

Appearances in major competitions

Goals for senior national team

Honours

Club
Kawasaki Frontale
J1 League: 2017, 2018, 2020
Emperor's Cup: 2020
J.League Cup: 2019
Japanese Super Cup: 2019
J2 League: 2004

Individual
Japanese Footballer of the Year: 2016
J.League MVP Award: 2016
J.League Best XI: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2017, 2018

References

External links

 Japan National Football Team Database

 Profile at Kawasaki Frontale

1980 births
Living people
Chuo University alumni
Association football people from Tokyo Metropolis
People from Kodaira, Tokyo
Japanese footballers
Japan international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Kawasaki Frontale players
2007 AFC Asian Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Association football midfielders
J.League MVPs

masks: Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura Nakamura


title: Terence Lam

texts:
<mask> (; born 3 September 1991) is a Hong Kong composer, singer-songwriter, and record producer. <mask> had a musical interest at a young age, having started to learn playing the piano when he was four or five years old. He attended the Lingnan University, where he received the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Contemporary English Studies in 2013. During his university studies, <mask> participated in several college singing competitions, where he met the singer-songwriter <mask> who brought him into the music industry. In 2014, he became a composer, signing a contract for Warner Chappell Music Hong Kong where at one point he was composing one song a week. <mask> has composed songs for the singers Eason Chan, Jason Chan, Hins Cheung, Pakho Chau, , Charmaine Fong, Alfred Hui, <mask>, Janice Vidal, Rainie Yang, and Joey Yung. Pakho Chau's 2014 song "About Us" () was <mask>'s first composition to achieve commercial success.<mask>'s composition of the JW song "A Lifetime of Contradictions" () was the first to receive widespread attention. <mask>'s songs are in the traditional genres of pop music and Cantopop though he puts his own twist on his songs through tempo changes and melody trends. In 2019, <mask> made a career change from being a composer to being a singer-songwriter. In January of that year, he released the song "NEXT" (), which hit several charts and became the first song that made him well-known as a singer. The next year, he released "Solitude" (), which was broadly praised. In May 2020, he released his debut album, Major in Minor whose name was inspired by how he is an independent musician. Although he writes songs for a record label, he remains an independent singer who is not signed to a label or a talent manager.<mask> has received composer, arranger, and singer awards from RTHK, Ultimate 903, and ViuTV. He received the best composer award from RTHK in 2016 and 2017, the best new artist award from Ultimate 903 in 2020, and the best composer, best arranger, and best male singer awards from the ViuTV Chill Club awards in 2021. Early and personal life
<mask> was born on 3 September 1991 in Hong Kong. Born to a moderately well-off family, he has three brothers and is the youngest child in the family. He has a brother eight years older than him who is a grade eight pianist and gives him suggestions when he writes songs. <mask> started learning to play the piano when he was four or five years old and became a grade five pianist. As a youth, he enjoyed music and completed at a Wan Chai District music competition when he was a six- or seven-year-old.When <mask> was 14 or 15 years old, he spent HKD$700 (US$) to purchase a microphone and mixing console online. He used the audio equipment when he was recording covers to share online. <mask> is introverted. When he was in secondary school and university, <mask> felt that he lacked control and ownership of his voice so did not respect his own singing. He stopped singing for a brief period of time because he lacked confidence in controlling his voice after experiencing his voice changing. <mask> attended the St Joseph's College, a Catholic boys' secondary school in Hong Kong. He is an alumnus of .He is  tall. <mask> graduated in 2013 from the Lingnan University, where he received an honours diploma in English studies. He studied English because his A-level grade in the subject was the highest. While at university, he and a female fellow student sang in a university singing contest and an interuniversity singing contest. She won first place both times. Saying in an interview that he has somewhat of a Buddha-like mindset, <mask> was last in a relationship when he was 25 or 26 years old. <mask> lives with his family.Prior to entering the music industry, <mask> worked at a technology company. Music career

2014–2019: Start of composing career
<mask> entered the music industry in 2014 as a songwriter with Chet <mask>'s help. They met at a college singing competition where Chet <mask> was a guest performer. Chet <mask> liked <mask>'s work, and they signed an agreement to have the latter write songs for the former. <mask> subsequently signed a contract with Warner Music Group to be a composer, where at one point, he was composing one song a week for the company. The singer Pakho Chau's 2014 song "About Us" () was the first of <mask>'s compositions to achieve commercial success. "About Us" was <mask>'s fifth or sixth demo.His composition of the  song "A Lifetime of Contradictions" () was the first to be widely noticed. JW's singing of "A Lifetime of Contradiction", which received over 18 million views, revitalised her previously flagging career. <mask> subsequently finished two more songs for JW: "How Many Years" () and "Free to Soar" (). When he began composing songs, <mask> was a huge fan of the Taiwanese singer Yoga Lin and <mask> sent him a message with demos of songs he had composed on social media. Lin performed some of <mask>'s songs which led to the two forming a strong bond. Songs composed by <mask> that were sung by Lin include "Bad and Worse" (), which was Lin's first Cantonese song, and "Do Not Forget You" (). In 2016 and 2017, <mask> received the composer award at RTHK's "Top Ten Chinese Gold Songs Award" ceremony.According to HK01, he has collaborated with most of Hong Kong's singers who are currently active in the industry. He has written songs for the singers Charmaine Fong, Pakho Chau, JW, Alfred Hui, Jason Chan, Joey Yung, Hins Cheung, Janice Vidal, and Eman <mask>. <mask> composed Joey Yung's song "The Science of Heart" (), which received an Ultimate 903 award in 2018. <mask> composed Hong Kong singer Miriam Yeung's song "Cherie Yu" (), Eman <mask>'s song "Love Is A French Dessert" (), and Taiwanese singer Rainie Yang's "Showing One's Incompetence" (), Alfred Hui's "Single" (), and Hins Cheung's "Diving" (). It takes him roughly one day to write a song. With his elder brother, he manages a music production company. His duties include making new music available for purchase and for radio broadcasts.He established Terence Lam Production & Company to assist him in retaining the copyright over his compositions. 2019: Start of singing career
In 2019, he began his singing career after participating in a singing contest. That year, he did a Mandarin duet for a movie theme song with JC of the song "Lost In Love" (), which sparked his desire to do more singing. In January 2019, he released the song "NEXT" (), the first song that made him well-known as a singer. The song hit several major charts. <mask> collaborated with  on the song's composition. Chak suggested including vocal music and inversion in the piece which demonstrated <mask>'s musical abilities.In 2019, <mask> wrote and sang the songs "just carry on" and "Listen to Wind" (), the latter of which he also arranged. The two songs did not receive as much as attention as "NEXT". For "just carry on", <mask> said that the song likens people to flowers that bloom at different times. Its message is that people do not need to compare themselves with each other. The song's music video features four new actors including  and  to accompany <mask> in acting various scenes of people being in a "collapsed state". As <mask> had trouble acting in the scenes, the directors needed to have everyone leave before filming his parts. <mask> composed fewer songs in 2019 than he did in previous years as he was adjusting to becoming a performer and as his energies were focused on promoting his work and planning.He composed two or three songs that year. During the 2019 Ultimate Song Chart Awards hosted by Commercial Radio Hong Kong, <mask> received the best new artist award. 2020: Major in Minor and "Terence's Adventures in Wonderland"

In 2020, he released a favourably reviewed song titled "In a Funk" (), which detailed a love rectangle. Owing to its topic, rhythm, and melody, listeners considered it a sequel to his previous song "NEXT". The song's lyrics were written by Albert Leung. "Solitude" (), the next song he released, was "widely acclaimed". The song's lyrics expounded on the loneliness common in life and came at a particularly timely moment during the COVID-19 pandemic when people were social distancing.<mask> wrote the lyrics, composed, arranged the music, and produced the song. He had composed the song as an unused demo five or six years prior to its release and reused it for himself to sing. Hong Kong Economic Times reviewer Chan Ka Yin found the song reminded herself as a woman in her 40s to spend more personal time on herself and do more introspection. Writing in The Loop, music critic Yannie Chan said "Solitude" "features an addictive melody and meaningful lyrics celebrating the art of enjoying time by yourself". In May 2020, <mask> released his first extended play titled Major in Minor. The name "Major in Minor" comes from listeners' experiencing contradictory sensations when hearing <mask>'s songs. His motivational song might make people feel a tinge of sadness, while his sad song might make them feel inspired.The name also is inspired by how <mask> is making mainstream music as an independent musician. <mask> spent in the six figures to self-finance the EP. After the EP sold out in less than two weeks, <mask> decided not to release additional copies, which made the EP go out of print. His decision was because he didn't want additional copies to make his work sell poorly and as a result have to be sold at a discount. This led to sales on online auction companies to reach several thousand dollars. The EP was released with two covers: one in blue and one in orange. One website offered to sell both versions of <mask>'s EP at HKD$2,800 (US$), which was a tenfold increase from the original price.<mask> initially had reservations about making the EP as he was uncertain about whether people would still buy physical copies of albums. Furthermore, his songs were usually about different topics, leading him to be uncertain about how to tie the songs together. After he heard from his fans that his songs had many common characteristics, he within a month took his five most recent compositions, added his demo cover of "Solitude", and composed some simple music to connect them together to create the EP. He inserted "after the party" before "Solitude" so that the audience could experience the bustling sensation of a party. The album's other songs are "NEXT", "just carry on", "Listen to Wind", and "In a Funk". He made an agreement with the music platform Joox to release Major in Minor under its Joox Original project. The platform had an exclusive licence to stream the album.SPILL music critic Fan Wong found that "the songs were all high quality but they were inevitably lacking in freshness" since they had previously been released. <mask>'s songs "NEXT" and "just carry on" have "unexpected, staggered notes and hard-to-touch beats", which critic Wong said have become <mask>'s trademark. His songs "Listen to Wind" and "In a Funk" made Wong think of the sophisti-pop genre in making people ponder and have feelings of refinement. In the later half of 2020, <mask> released the song "Terence's Adventures in Wonderland" (). The song has a scale with a 24-note range. With a fast tempo and playful tone, it is much faster than <mask>'s typical slow-paced songs. HK01 compared the song's main character, <mask>, to Alice from the children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.The song describes how <mask> encounters witches and snow beasts upon entering a dream world. The witches tell him that those who exist in the dream world are people who cannot live in a sober world. He sings and parties with the villagers. After waking up, he cannot rediscover the descending stairs that took him to the dream world. He takes out a pen to record the song he had sung with the villagers. For the music video, <mask> took the unconventional approach of hiring the illustrator The Odd Little World and the animator Sundae Service to animate <mask>'s adventures in the dream world. An HK01 music critic said that while <mask>'s previous songs largely had a pessimistic theme, "<mask>'s Adventures in Wonderland" is "a breakthrough" in being different and "proves that he can cater to the market and to the public while insisting on his own style".<mask> performed a live in-studio duet of the song "Quarantine" () with Jace Chan. On 13 November 2020, <mask> released "Turning Back the Clock in One Sentence" (. The song's theme is regret and it is influenced by a 1980s atmosphere. It received more than a million views in less than half a month. In 2020, he composed two songs for Eason Chan: "A Dance for Tomorrow" () and "Love Casually, Randomly" (). Regarding the latter song, which <mask> produced, Chan praised <mask> for his unconventional composition and for using a trombone instead of a trumpet. When <mask> was at the early stage as a composer, <mask> sent his music demos to Chan even though at the time the two were not acquainted.Following an encounter at a private party, they started talking again in 2017. 2021–present: Ultimate Song Chart and Chill Club awards
During the 2020 Ultimate Song Chart Awards hosted on 1 January 2021, <mask> received the bronze award for best male singer as well as the best composer award. He ranked among the top five in the fan-voted "My Favourite Male Singer" award, which Keung To won. During the awards ceremony, <mask> played the guitar and sang his song "Terence's Adventures in Wonderland". In contrast to most of the other male attendees who wore suits, <mask> wore a less formal Mike Amiri "multicolor souvenir patchwork hoodie" and a Paul Smith shirt with colourful striped patterns to match his performance that night of his song "Terence's Adventures in Wonderland", to make it easier to play the guitar, and to make himself more comfortable and relaxed. As an independent artist, he chooses his own outfits to wear at award ceremonies instead of relying on a team to help him with the decisions. After <mask>'s awards at the 2020 Ultimate Song Chart Awards, U Lifestyle called <mask> "the fastest rising male singer in Hong Kong's music scene".Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> had a lower income and fewer performing opportunities so he had more time to compose songs. In January 2021, three of <mask>'s songs ranked in KKBox's top 20 ranking of songs streamed on the platform: "Solitude" ranked third, "In a Funk" ranked 13th, and "Quarantine" ranked 14th. In March 2021, while the pro-democracy supporter Ventus Lau was incarcerated at Stanley Prison, Lau listened to <mask>'s songs and worked on rewriting the songs' lyrics. In April 2021, he rewrote the lyrics of <mask>'s most recent song, "The Magical Confused Potion" (). At the ViuTV Chill Club Awards ceremony on 18 April 2021, <mask> received six awards including for his song "Solitude" as the best song. He also received awards for best composer, best arranger and best male singer. When <mask> went on the stage, no one was there to present the award to him, and he said "you get the award yourself, very casual".<mask> was poker-faced and was reluctant to give speeches after receiving the awards. His behaviour at the award ceremony led critics to call him "arrogant" and "disrespectful", and to question why he became a singer instead of remaining a behind-the-scenes composer. <mask>'s supporters responded that he was very introverted and like many other entertainers were at a loss for words in prominent settings. A day after the awards ceremony, he released a statement thanking ViuTV and his fans, saying "there is a lot of room for learning and improvement in expressing myself". In April 2021, <mask> performed as a featured singer at Ronald Cheng's concert. Artistry
<mask>'s songs are in the traditional genres of pop music and Cantopop though he puts his own twist on his songs through tempo changes and melody trends. He "takes the Cantopop route through and through, making it friends and unique".<mask> expressed interest in making an album of Mandarin songs. He said that if he could get non-Cantonese speakers to become his fans, they might listen to his Cantonese songs too. <mask> referenced as an example Eason Chan, who released Mandarin songs that attracted a substantial Taiwanese fanbase who listened to his Cantonese songs too. Before he entered the music industry, <mask> did not receive a formal singing education. He did not take singing lessons because he thought of singing as a way to express the performer's emotions and that it would not be ideal if everyone learned to sing in the same way. <mask> said that owing to his lack of music training, he might not be a technically strong singer. He felt that did not matter as much if he were able to emotionally inspire his listeners.He initially did not plan to become a singer as he wanted to experience being a creator who worked behind the scenes. Although <mask> signed an agreement with a record label for the music he composes, for his singing, <mask> remains as an independent musician who has not signed with a record label or talent manager. He enjoyed the freedom in being able to make songs in his own way without considering other people's opinions. Signing with a record label would require him to make compromises. He composes, arranges, and directs songs in which he is the main singer. <mask> is solely responsible for choosing which singers he will collaborate with next and connecting with them. Reception
K Law of U Lifestyle found that <mask> had "special timbre, an introverted singing voice, and was good at transcribing the songs with varying degrees of play".am730 said that <mask> had "a special voice and unique and alluring vocals". SPILL music critic Fan Wong said that <mask>'s critics largely focus on his singing. Wong said that although <mask> is not one of the technically strongest singers, he is "not bad at all" in that area. The critic concluded that "the combination of <mask>'s elegant singing and his traditional yet embellished with the unconventional performance makes him so memorable". An Apple Daily music critic said <mask> has received criticism for having "a dull voice, like a robot with no emotions". Discography
 Major in Minor (2020)
 SEVEN (stylised as (seven)7) (2021)

References

External links
 Official website

1991 births
Living people
21st-century Hong Kong  male singers
Cantonese-language singers
Cantopop singer-songwriters
Chinese pop musicians
Hong Kong male singer-songwriters
Hong Kong pianists
Hong Kong record producers
Warner Music Group artists

masks:
Terence Lam Ka Him
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Chet Lam
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Eman Lam
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title: Mirka Mora

texts:
<mask> (18 March 1928 – 27 August 2018) was a French-born Australian visual artist and cultural figure who contributed significantly to the development of contemporary art in Australia. Her media included drawing, painting, sculpture and mosaic. Early life
<mask> was born in Paris, to a Lithuanian Jewish father, Leon Zelik, and a Romanian Jewish mother, Celia Gelbein. She was arrested in 1942 during the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv). Her father, Leon, managed to arrange for her release from the concentration camp at Pithiviers (Loiret) before Mora and her mother, Celia, were scheduled to be deported to Auschwitz. The family evaded arrest and deportation from 1942 to 1945 by hiding in the forests of France. After the war, Mora met a wartime resistance fighter <mask> in Paris at the age of 17.They married in 1947. In an interview in 2004, Mora said:

Migration to Australia
Having survived the Holocaust, <mask> and her husband migrated to Australia in 1951 in order to settle in Melbourne. They chose Melbourne over Casablanca or Saigon because <mask> had read about it in Henri Murger's novel Scènes de la Vie de Bohème, in which a young Parisian photographer makes regular trips to Melbourne to make his fortune. They occupied studios in Grosvenor Chambers in the 'Paris End' of Collins Street, and quickly became key figures on the Melbourne cultural scene. <mask> worked initially as a dressmaker while also making art, and Georges became an influential art dealer, in 1967 with his flair and entrepreneurship adding the Tolarno Galleries to Melbourne's only very select number of commercial art galleries. The <mask> family also owned and operated three significant Melbourne cafés. The Mirka Café was opened by Jean Sablon in December 1954 at 183 Exhibition Street and was the venue for the first major solo exhibition by Joy Hester.It was followed by the Café Balzac at 62 Wellington Parade, East Melbourne and then by the Tolarno in Fitzroy Street in St Kilda, which opened in 1966, and where Mirka created a bas-relief behind the bar and painted murals on walls and windows of the restaurant and bistro, hallway and toilets, over the period 1965 to 1978. All three were focal points for Melbourne's bohemian subculture. As <mask>'s son Philippe recalls, "my parents literally fed artists at our home and in our restaurants". In a 2004 interview Mora stated:

The Mora family's social circle included many progressive Australian artists and writers: Charles Blackman and Barbara Blackman, Fred Williams, John Perceval, Albert Tucker, Barrett Reid, Laurence Hope, Arthur Boyd and Joy Hester. The Mora family were especially close friends with renowned art patrons John and Sunday Reed, and spent many weekends at their famous home and artists' colony "Heide" (now the Heide Museum of Modern Art) in the Melbourne suburb of Bulleen, and at the Reeds' beach house next door to the Moras' own in Aspendale. Mora had three children who were to find their place as a film director, <mask>, an art dealer, William Mora, and an actor, Tiriel Mora. "Culturally privileged" is Philippe's epithet in describing their childhood.After extramarital relationships on both sides, Mora eventually separated from her husband Georges. Art: style and reception
After coming to Australia in 1951, three years later Mora had become well known in art circles in Melbourne and, with patron friends John and Sunday Reed, was operative in reviving the Contemporary Art Society there. <mask> and Georges Mora, through the Contemporary Art Society and with Italian Gino Nibbi (1896–1969) who showed Tucker and Nolan at his Galleria di Quattro Venti in Rome, made strenuous efforts to have Australia accepted for the first time into the Venice Biennale, urging the inclusion of contemporary art to promote its alignment with Modernist practice of Australian immigrant artists from Europe and their influence on a reinvigoration of the country's art. Though they secured an exhibition, it was not a success, as the conservative Commonwealth Arts Advisory Board maintained control over the entries, sending outdated examples of the Heidelberg School and a few Arthur Boyd landscapes. The episode exacerbated the split between the traditionalist and modernist groups and was not until 1978 that Australia was finally represented at Venice under the auspices of the Australian Arts Council. Since 1954, Mora exhibited mainly with the CAS and in the Heide Museum of Modern Art, Douglas Galleries and Tolarno Galleries in Melbourne, and with Watters Gallery in Sydney. Mora innovatively used a wide range of media and large numbers of her works are in the permanent collection of the Heide Museum of Modern Art, in the National Gallery of Australia in the National Gallery of Victoria.They are also available to view in public places; in an external mural in Acland Street, St Kilda, a mosaic seat on the St Kilda foreshore, and as a mixed-media mural prominently displayed at Flinders Street Station in Melbourne. The latter is nine metres long and about four meters high in three different techniques in the same artwork: painting in the upper register, mosaic in the middle, larger one, and painted low relief at the pavement level. Completed in 1986, in 1998, Mora restored the eroded lower part of the mural. Mora participated with Bruce Petty, Reg Mombassa, Ginger Riley and others in the production of the Federation Tapestry Suite in Melbourne Museum coordinated by artist Murray Walker and executed by the Victorian Tapestry Workshop to mark the Australian Centenary of Federation in 2001. In the sixth panel, she portrays Aboriginal leader Charles Perkins conversing with three white Australians. Other major commissions include a painted Melbourne tram (1978), sets, costumes and masks for the ballet, Ivan the Terrible (1964), and the operas Medea and Bacchae (1979–80), and 85 1.5m puppets for the opera Bennelong. A noted colourist and symbolist, Mora's paintings are often bright and bold, constantly reinventing a repertoire of recurring motifs—innocent, wide-eyed children, angels, dogs, cats, snakes and birds, and hybrids of animals and humans.The highest price achieved for a <mask> Mora work was $120,000, in a private sale, with works on paper often fetching $15,000. Critical assessment
Perceptions of Mora's work have evolved against the background of the Australian art scene and its changing levels of sophistication. Donald Brook, in reviewing the 1964 Paintings by the Aleph Group describes Mora's work as one of only two that were 'distinctively Jewish'. Robin Wallace-Crabbe, in his 1968 Canberra Times, critique 'Giving away high-mindedness' of Mora's show at the Australian Sculpture Gallery, Narrabundah, hints that though 'delightful' her work is naïve, "like a mixture of May Gibbs' 'Snugglepot and Cuddlepie' and the prevailing Melbourne style in the early fifties", while later, in 1981, Sonja Kaleski is more favourably analytical in her review 'Vibrant, Volatile Artist', in The Canberra Times:
Mora's works and commentary on them have appeared in Australian Drawings by Elwyn Lynn, New painting, 1952–62 by John Reed, The Vital Decade by co-authors Geoffrey Dutton and Max Harris, and the Encyclopedia of Australian Art by Alan McCulloch. When Mora showed with Jean Dubuffet and Francois Mezzapelle in In Pursuit of Fantasy opening 18 October 1997 at George Gallery 129 Fitzroy Street, St. Kilda, Melbourne, the French language Le Courrier Australien reported that the vernissage was attended by 800 people, and described her work;

Heidi curator Kendrah Morgan in a 2011 education kit listed Mora's wide range of influences:

Mora's critical reputation has remained steady after her death. In The Age, Peter Millard calls her ‘an artist, cultural figure and icon’, while James Antoniou of The Australian describes her as ‘an artist of the city and an artist of the people’, and ‘one of the most colourful’ of Australian artists. In a 2020 interview with Carolyn Webb of The Age, Mora's son William noted that his mother's paintings can express ‘each person’s humanity and diversity’, and noted the ways in which they resonate with the current Black Lives Matter movement.Teaching
For many years Mora conducted workshops in painting, soft sculpture and mosaics, where countless Australians learned from her unique approach to teaching art. She travelled also to France, the USA and Japan to present her workshops. Later life and death
Mora lived and worked in a number of studios in Melbourne, including Rankins Lane. Mora appeared as an interviewee on the ABC's conversational television programs Agony Aunts and The Agony of Life in 2012 and 2013. In 2016 Mora, for a long time a contributor of design to the fashion industry,  collaborated with Australian fashion company Gorman to launch a 23 piece collection based on four artworks. Her murals survive on the walls of the Tolarno restaurant and gallery she previously owned in St. Kilda. In 2016, an East Melbourne bar-owner uncovered a lost mural on the wall of his establishment, previously the Café Balzac.Mora died, aged 90, at her home in Melbourne on 27 August 2018. Her life was celebrated in a State Memorial, attended by over 1200 people at the Palais de Danse, a landmark for her in St.Kilda. She was the first female artist to receive a Victorian State Memorial. Honours
In 2002, Mora was made an Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture and Communication. Mirka Lane in St Kilda, off Barkly Street near the intersections of Grey and Inkerman Streets was named after the artist. Exhibitions
Mora's first public showing was of three circus clown paintings on masonite at Tye's Gallery in their commemorative exhibition of the Contemporary Art Society by 86 of its members 6–23 April 1954 She went on to have more than 35 solo exhibitions throughout her career, most in five galleries;  the Contemporary Art Society, Heidi Museum of Modern Art, Douglas Galleries, Tolarno Galleries, and Watters Gallery. An important retrospective <mask> Mora: where angels fear to tread: 50 years of art 1948–1998  was held at Heide Museum of Art 1999–2000 to celebrate 50 years of her work.Mirka Mora: Charcoals 1958–1965 featured in the Melbourne Art Fair 2018, from 2–5 August, just prior to her death. Other exhibitions include:

<mask> Mora paintings 1966–2012, 1–5 August 2012, Melbourne Art Fair, Royal Exhibition Building, Melbourne
Mirka Goes West, July 2009, Short St Gallery 7 Short Street, Chinatown, Broome WA. Women at Watters, (group show) 22 February 1995 – 11 March 1995, Watters Gallery, East Sydney, NSW
Mirka Mora, 1990, Arthouse, Launceston, Tasmania, An exhibition of 42 oil paintings, drawings and embroideries. Exhibition of painted fabrics and dolls, 29 August – 12 September 1979, at the David Jones Art Gallery , 6th floor, Elizabeth Street, Sydney. Annual Special Christmas Exhibition (group show), December 1986, Solander Gallery, 36 Grey Street, Deakin, ACT. Embroideries of Mirka Mora, 1978, Ballarat Fine Art Gallery, Ballarat, VIC
Drawing exhibition (group show with John Perceval, Noel Counihan, Arthur Boyd),  24 February – 23 March 1977, Realities Gallery, Toorak, Melbourne, Vic. Project 20: Fabric Art, September 1977 – 9 October 1977, Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW
Mirka Mora, Erotic Drawings and Figures 2–18 May 1974, Realities Gallery, Melbourne, Vic
Mirka Mora: Paintings: 'The Finding of Erichthonius''' June 1968 – 22 June 1968, Watters Gallery, Sydney, NSWDrawings by Mirka Mora.November 1968, Australian Sculpture Gallery, 1 Finniss Crescent, Narrabundah, NSW.Paintings by the Aleph Group'' (group show by Australian Jewish artists), 4–11 October 1964, Studio Nundah, Canberra. Foyer exhibition with Charles Blackman and Arthur Boyd, 26 March 1954 at the opening of "The Bachelor", Arrow Theatre
Contemporary Art Society exhibition, opened 6 April 1954. Tye's Gallery. This was the first CAS exhibition since 1947 (the revival due to efforts by the Moras and Reeds) and Mirka Mora's first Australian show

Publications

Motion pictures and audio
 Mirka Mora at the Australian National Film and Sound Archive

 Prod. Co: Kestrel Film Productions 1986 (Writer/Director: David Greig) "The Australian Alps: Mirka's Palace of Dreams" The Australian Alps: Mirka's Palace of Dreams (Captioned)

Collections

See also
Art of Australia
List of Australian artists

References

External links

 Photos of Mirka Mora by Robert Whitaker
 Mirka Mora at William Mora Galleries Official Website
 Feature by Mora conservator and PhD

1928 births
2018 deaths
Australian Jews
Artists from Melbourne
20th-century Australian sculptors
Australian people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Australian people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Mosaic artists
French emigrants to Australia
French women painters
French people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
French people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Australian women painters
Jewish concentration camp survivors
Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Mora family
20th-century French women artists
20th-century Australian women

masks:
Mirka Madeleine Mora
Mirka Mora
Georges Mora
Mora
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Philippe Mora
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title: Robert Broom

texts:
<mask> FRS FRSE (30 November 1866 6 April 1951) was a British- South African doctor and palaeontologist. He qualified as a medical practitioner in 1895 and received his DSc in 1905 from the University of Glasgow. From 1903 to 1910, he was professor of zoology and geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch, South Africa, and subsequently he became keeper of vertebrate palaeontology at the South African Museum, Cape Town. Life

<mask> was born at 66 Back Sneddon Street in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland, the son of <mask>, a designer of calico prints and Paisley shawls, and Agnes Hunter Shearer. In 1893, he married Mary Baird Baillie, his childhood sweetheart. In his medical studies at the University of Glasgow Broom specialised in obstetrics. After graduating in 1895 he travelled to Australia, supporting himself by practising medicine.He settled in South Africa in 1897, just prior to the South African War. From 1903 to 1910, he was professor of Zoology and Geology at Victoria College, Stellenbosch (later Stellenbosch University), but was forced out of this position for promoting belief in evolution. He established a medical practice in the Karoo region of South Africa, an area rich in Therapsid fossils. Based on his continuing studies of these fossils and mammalian anatomy he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920. Following the discovery of the Taung child he became interested in the search for human ancestors and commenced work on much more recent fossils from the dolomite caves north-west of Johannesburg, particularly Sterkfontein Cave (now part of the Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site). As well as describing many mammalian fossils from these caves he identified several hominin fossils, the most complete of which was an Australopithecine skull, nicknamed Mrs Ples, and a partial skeleton that indicated that Australopithecines walked upright. <mask> died in Pretoria, South Africa in 1951.Contributions
<mask> was first known for his study of mammal-like reptiles. After Raymond Dart's discovery of the Taung Child, an infant australopithecine, <mask>'s interest in palaeoanthropology was heightened. <mask>'s career seemed over and he was sinking into poverty, when Dart wrote to Jan Smuts about the situation. Smuts, exerting pressure on the South African government, managed to obtain a position for <mask> in 1934 with the staff of the Transvaal Museum in Pretoria as an Assistant in Palaeontology. In the following years, he and John T. Robinson made a series of spectacular finds, including fragments from six hominins in Sterkfontein, which they named Plesianthropus transvaalensis, popularly called Mrs. Ples, but which was later classified as an adult Australopithecus africanus, as well as more discoveries at sites in Kromdraai and Swartkrans. In 1937, <mask> made his most famous discovery, by defining the robust hominin genus Paranthropus with his discovery of Paranthropus robustus. These discoveries helped support Dart's claims for the Taung species.For his volume, The South Africa Fossil Ape-Men, The Australopithecinae, in which he proposed the Australopithecinae subfamily, <mask> was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1946. The remainder of <mask>'s career was devoted to the exploration of these sites and the interpretation of the many early hominin remains discovered there. He continued to write to the last. Shortly before his death he finished a monograph on the Australopithecines and remarked to his nephew:
"Now that's finished ... and so am I." Spiritual evolution

<mask> was a nonconformist and was deeply interested in the paranormal and spiritualism; he was a critic of Darwinism and materialism. <mask> was a believer in spiritual evolution. In his book The Coming of Man: Was it Accident or Design?(1933) he claimed that "spiritual agencies" had guided evolution as animals and plants were too complex to have arisen by chance. According to <mask>, there were at least two different kinds of spiritual forces, and psychics are capable of seeing them. <mask> claimed there was a plan and purpose in evolution and that the origin of Homo sapiens is the ultimate purpose behind evolution. According to <mask> "Much of evolution looks as if it had been planned to result in man, and in other animals and plants to make the world a suitable place for him to dwell in." After discovering the skull of Mrs. Ples, <mask> was asked if he excavated at random, <mask> replied that spirits had told him where to find his discoveries. Publications

Among hundreds of articles contributed by him to scientific journals, the most important include:
"Fossil Reptiles of South Africa" in Science in South Africa (1905)
"Reptiles of Karroo Formation" in Geology of Cape Colony (1909)
"Development and Morphology of the Marsupial Shoulder Girdle" in Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1899)
"Comparison of Permian Reptiles of North America with Those of South Africa" in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (1910)
"Structure of Skull in Cynodont Reptiles" in Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society (1911). The South Africa Fossil Ape-Men, The Australopithecinae (1946).Books

 The origin of the human skeleton: an introduction to human osteology (1930)
 The mammal-like reptiles of South Africa and the origin of mammals (1932)
 The coming of man: was it accident or design? (1933)
 The South African fossil ape-man: the Australopithecinae (1946)
 Sterkfontein ape-man Plesianthropus (1949)
 Finding the missing link (1950)

Legacy
<mask> is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Australian blind snake, Anilios broomi. See also

 List of fossil sites (with link directory)
 List of hominina fossils (with images)
 Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research
 John Talbot Robinson, co-discoverer of Mrs Ples. PanAfrican Archaeological Association

Notes and references

External links
Biographies: Robert Broom TalkOrigins Archive
<mask>: A Short Bibliography of his Evolutionary Works, MPRInstitute.org site. British metaphysics as reflected in <mask>'s evolutionary theory, translation of an article by Václav Petr published in Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey, 75(1): 73–85. Praha 2000. Text and photos displayed entire at the MPRInstitute.org site.1866 births
1951 deaths
20th-century British scientists
20th-century British zoologists
20th-century Scottish medical doctors
20th-century Scottish writers
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Fellows of the Royal Society
Non-Darwinian evolution
Paleoanthropologists
People from Renfrewshire
Physical anthropologists
Royal Medal winners
Scottish palaeontologists
Scottish scholars and academics
Scottish spiritualists
South African obstetricians
South African paleontologists
South African writers
Stellenbosch University faculty
Taxa named by <mask>
Theistic evolutionists
Wollaston Medal winners
Writers from Paisley, Renfrewshire

masks:
Robert Broom
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John Broom
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Robert Broom


title: John E. Dahlquist

texts:
General <mask> (March 12, 1896 – July 30, 1975) was a senior United States Army officer. In the course of his military career, <mask> commanded three different army divisions, commanded at the corps and field army level and rose to the rank of four-star general. He is well-known for commanding the series of poor tactical decisions which led to the 442nd RCT becoming the most highly decorated unit in the history of the United States Armed Forces. Early life and military career
Born on March 12, 1896 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the youngest of four children, <mask>'s parents were immigrants from Dalsland, Sweden. He graduated from the University of Minnesota and received a direct commission as a second lieutenant into the Infantry Branch of the United States Army in August 1917, shortly after the American entry into World War I on April 6, 1917. Unable to serve overseas, he served in the Allied occupation of the Rhineland after the war. Remaining in the army during the interwar period he returned to the United States and served as an instructor at the U.S. Army Infantry School from 1924 to 1928.After graduating from the U.S. Army Command and General Staff School in 1931, he was assigned to the Philippines. From 1935 to 1936 he was a student at the U.S. Army War College, serving on the U.S. Army General Staff, Personnel Division after graduation. World War II
With the American entry into World War II in December 1941, <mask> was sent to England and assigned as deputy chief of staff to Major General Dwight David <mask> in early 1942, and, later that year, with the one-star rank of brigadier general, became the assistant division commander (ADC) of the 76th Infantry Division. In June 1943, promoted to the two-star rank of major general, <mask> became the first commanding general (CG) of the 70th Infantry Division, becoming one of the youngest division commanders in the U.S. Army. In July 1944, he took command of the 36th Infantry Division, a National Guard formation from Texas that had fought in many difficult battles in the Italian Campaign under Major General Frederick Walker and had recently taken part in Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of Southern France. <mask> was criticized for his overuse of the Japanese-American 442nd Regimental Combat Team (442nd RCT), which had been attached to his 36th Division. Many believed his poor decisions led to the 442nd RCT becoming the most highly decorated unit in the history of the United States Armed Forces.Over a third of the men in the 442nd were either killed or wounded when <mask> ordered the unit to rescue another unit that had been surrounded by the enemy. It is not the surviving Nisei soldiers of the 442nd but their officers (none of them Japanese-American) who are most often quoted in criticism of Dahlquist. On October 24, 1944, the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 141st Infantry Regiment, part of <mask>'s 36th Division, moved to secure the right flank of the 3rd Division near the French town of St-Die. When the German forces counterattacked, the 1st Battalion was separated and cut off. After two days of attempted rescue by the other two battalions of the 141st Infantry, <mask> sent in the 442nd RCT, which had borne the brunt of the 36th Division's fighting for the previous eight days. The 442nd would suffer 800 casualties, including 121 dead, during the five days it took to rescue 211 men of the 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry. Major General Lucian Truscott, commanding the VI Corps (under which unit the 36th Division was serving), considered relieving him of his command.<mask> continued to lead the 36th Division throughout the campaign in Western Europe. On May 8, 1945, Victory in Europe Day, Hermann Göring surrendered to Brigadier General Robert I. Stack, the 36th Infantry Division's assistant division commander (ADC), after a ceasefire was declared between the German Army Group G and the U.S. Seventh Army. Stack transported Göring to the division command post. Because he spoke German, <mask> dismissed his translator, and so it was <mask> who became the first person to question Göring. Press photos of <mask> and Stack, in seemingly casual conversation with Göring, were released for publication in the United States and resulted in criticism of <mask> from the American public and from General <mask>, the Supreme Allied Commander in the European Theater of Operations (ETO). Postwar

Following the war, <mask> returned to the United States, serving in various administrative and personnel jobs.He took command of his third division, the 1st Infantry, in 1949. This was followed by command of V Corps from 1952 to 1953 and the Fourth Army in 1953. He then served as Chief of Army Field Forces from 1953 to 1955, during which he was promoted to the four-star rank of general on August 18, 1954. He finished his career as Commander-in-Chief, Continental Army Command, retiring in 1956. <mask> died on June 30, 1975, aged 79, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia. Marriage
<mask> was married to Ruth D<mask>, who was born 17 days after him and died 17 days after him. She was buried with him at Arlington National Cemetery.They had a son, <mask> <mask>, born on March 9, 1932, who died on November 22, 1993, and was buried in Arlington next to his parents. <mask> had two grandchildren, <mask> and Donette Ruth. Awards and decorations
<mask>'s awards and decorations include the Distinguished Service Cross, the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star, the Legion of Merit and the Bronze Star. In 1954, he received an honorary Master of Arts from the University of Minnesota. Distinguished Service Cross
   Army Distinguished Service Medal
   Silver Star
   Legion of Merit
   Bronze Star
 World War I Victory Medal
 Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
 American Defense Service Medal
 American Campaign Medal
 European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
 World War II Victory Medal
 Army of Occupation Medal
 National Defense Service Medal

See also
 Lost Battalion (World War II)

References

Bibliography

 Alford, Kenneth D. Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories of World War II. [New York]: Da Capo Press, 2003. Sterner, C. Douglas.Go for Broke: The Nisei Warriors of World War II Who Conquered Germany, Japan, and American Bigotry. Clearfield, Utah: American Legacy Historical Press, 2008. External links
Generals of World War II

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1896 births
1975 deaths
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Military personnel from Minneapolis
University of Minnesota alumni
American people of Swedish descent
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Air Corps Tactical School alumni
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals of World War II
United States Army generals

masks:
John Ernest Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Eisenhower
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Eisenhower
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
Dahlquist
. Dahlquist
Donald John
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Dahlquist
John William
Dahlquist


title: Valdemar I of Denmark

texts:
<mask> (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as <mask> the Great (), was King of Denmark from 1154 until his death in 1182. The reign of King <mask> saw the rise of Denmark, which reached its high medieval zenith under his son King <mask> II. Childhood
<mask> was the son of Canute Lavard, Duke of Schleswig, the chivalrous and popular eldest son of King <mask> of Denmark. <mask>'s father was murdered by King <mask> of Sweden days before the birth of <mask>; his mother, <mask> of Kiev, daughter of Grand Prince <mask> of Kiev and <mask> of Sweden, named him after her grandfather, Grand Prince Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev. Valdemar was raised at Ringsted in the court of Danish nobleman Asser Rig of Fjenneslev (ca. 1080–1151). Asser was a member of the Hvide noble family and had been raised together with <mask>'s father Canute Lavard.Valdemar was raised together with Asser's sons, including Absalon (c. 1128–1201), who would become an Archbishop and go to battle with <mask>, and Esbern Snare (1127–1204), who was a royal chancellor and crusader. Esbern and Absalon had a close relationship and formed an alliance with <mask>. Struggle for the throne
In 1146, when Valdemar was fifteen years old, King <mask> of Denmark abdicated and a civil war erupted. Valdemar was a possible contender to the throne. The other pretenders to the throne were: Sweyn <mask>, the son of King <mask> of Denmark, and Canute V, the son of <mask> of Sweden, both of whom declared themselves King of Denmark in 1146. The civil war lasted the better part of ten years. In 1154, <mask> joined with Canute and was recognized as co-king along with Canute.In July 1157, a temporary compromise was struck in which the three agreed to divide the country among themselves as co-regents in shifting alliances. Canute was killed at the Bloodfeast of Roskilde in August 1157. Sweyn was defeated by <mask> in the Battle of Grathe Heath (Slaget på Grathe Hede) on 23 October 1157. Sweyn was killed during flight, supposedly by a group of peasants who stumbled upon him as he was fleeing from the battlefield. <mask>, having outlived all his rival pretenders, became the sole king of Denmark. Sole reign
In 1158, Absalon was elected bishop of Roskilde, and King <mask> made him his chief advisor. The king reorganized and rebuilt war-torn Denmark.He strengthened the Dannevirke fortifications to the south, He built Sønderborg Castle as a fortified fortress, constructed on an islet in the Als Strait that later was connected to Als Island. He reinvented Viking raiding tactics of old to deal with the Wends to the south, which was now optimized for heavy cavalry; this use of amphibious assault was further improved upon by his successor Canute VI. At Absalon's instigation, he declared war upon the Wends who were raiding the Danish coasts. They occupied Pomerania and the island of Rügen in the Baltic Sea and were a definite threat to the Danes in the Baltic as the Wends outnumbered the Danes more than two to one. So the Danes soon began raiding the Wendish coasts in turn; this culminated in the conquest of Rügen, which was used as another base to raid and later conquer more Wendish territory. Danish influence had therefore reached both Pomerania and the Obotrite confederacy, both being raided routinely by the Danes. Around the year 1170, a smaller contingent of the Danish fleet (headed by <mask> and Absalon) ventured past the mouth of the Oder, where they were ambushed by a Wendish army and fleet under Casimir, at the Julin bridge (modern-day Wolin) hoping to end Danish raiding.But the Danes outsmarted the Wends and smashed their army and fleet, primarily due to the Danish ships also carrying cavalry. In 1175, King Valdemar built Vordingborg Castle as a defensive fortress and as a base from which to launch further raids against the German coast. In 1180, as unrest spread throughout the rich province of Scania, the people demanded that Valdemar replace the "foreign" governors from Jutland, and instead install nobility from one of the 'Skåneland' provinces who traditionally ruled them. They also completely refused to pay church tithes. When Valdemar refused their demands, they rose up, saying they would pay neither taxes nor church tithes. Their numbers were so large that Valdemar not only gathered his own levies but also levies from Blekinge. The armies met at the Battle of Dysiaa, where Valdemar crushed them, and after this they once more paid taxes.But even though the entire peasant force surrendered, they still refused to pay tithes, so instead Valdemar had them bring generous gifts and donations to the church. They would pay no tithes but they would pay nonetheless, the only point he conceded were the governors, who were replaced by Scanians. This concession to the Scanians, that a Jute rules in Jutland and Rugian in Rügen, was then optimized for the rest of the Danish realm. This assisted immensely with keeping the peace within the kingdom, and the later extended realm. Issue
<mask> married Sophia of Minsk (c. 1141–1198), the daughter of Richeza of Poland, dowager queen of Sweden, from her marriage to Prince Volodar of Minsk. She was the half-sister of King Canute V of Denmark. <mask> and Sophia had the following children:
Sophia of (1159–1208), married Siegfried <mask>, Count of Weimar-Orlamünde.Canute VI of Denmark (1163–1202)
Maria (born c.1165), became a nun at Roskilde (1188). Margaret (c.1167 - c.1205), became a nun at Roskilde (1188). <mask> <mask> of Denmark (1170–1241)
<mask> (1174–1237), married King <mask> of France. Helena (c.1176 – 1233), married William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Richeza (c.1178 – 1220), married King Eric X of Sweden. Walburgis (d. 1177), married Bogusław <mask>, Duke of Pomerania. After <mask>'s death, Sophia married Landgrave <mask> of Thuringia.Valdemar also had a son, Christopher ( 1150–1173), with his lover, Tove. Christopher was duke of Jutland from  1170 until his death. Notes

External links

 Valdemar den Store Kings of Denmark, DK

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House of Estridsen
Burials at St. Bendt's Church, Ringsted
1131 births
1182 deaths
12th-century kings of Denmark
Dukes of Denmark

masks:
Valdemar I
Valdemar
Valdemar I
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Eric I
Valdemar
Magnus I
Valdemar
Ingeborg
Mstislav I
Christina Ingesdotter
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III Grathe
Eric II
Magnus I
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III
Valdemar
II
Ingeborg
Philip II
I
Valdemar
Louis III


title: Eva Lundgren

texts:
<mask> (born November 24, 1947) is a Norwegian-Swedish sociologist. She is an expert on violence against women and sexual violence, particularly in religious contexts. She is Professor Emerita of sociology at Uppsala University. <mask> is best known for developing the theory of the process of normalization of violence, according to which, abused women gradually adopt the perspective of their abusers. <mask> has written several books on violence, sexuality and religion. She held a government-appointed chair of sociology at Uppsala University 1993–2011, to study "the relation between power and gender in family and society, particularly in regard to men's violence against women", and has been a Visiting Professor at several universities, including New York University. Since 2017 she has been active in the Me Too debate.Career

A native of Flekkefjord, she started her career as a model and studied at the University of Bergen, where she earned her (6-year) Candidate's degree in Theology in 1978 and her doctoral degree in 1985. She was first employed as a Research Fellow at the University of Bergen, and was appointed an Associate Professor in 1986. She was head of the Department of Gender Studies at the University of Bergen 1987-1988, and was found to be competent as a full professor in 1988. In 1989, she was appointed a Docent (Reader) in Theology at Uppsala University, relocating to Stockholm. In 1993, she was appointed Professor of Sociology at Uppsala University by the government of Sweden, to study the "relation between power and gender in family and society, in particular men's violence against women". She was installed as a Professor with a military parade and gave her inaugural lecture on eroticised power in Uppsala Cathedral. She was a visiting professor at New York University from 1996 to 1997, and has also held visiting professorships at the University of North London, the University of Bradford and Åbo Akademi University.In 2003, <mask> became head of department for the newly created Department of Gender Studies (Samgenus) at Uppsala University. Work

Normalisation process

Theoretically, <mask> has focused on developing the concept of the process of normalisation, a model to explain how battered women gradually break down and accept the violent situation. <mask> has also argued that men who systematically use sexualised violence against their partner do so in order to consolidate their position of power, rather than to satisfy a sexual desire. Knutby murder

In recent years, <mask>'s research has focused on the Knutby murder. Her 2008 book The Knutby Code, published simultaneously in Swedish and Norwegian, is a critical analysis of the Knutby case. Reception

Political influence

<mask>'s research has had considerable influence on public policy in Sweden, particularly under the social democratic governments in the 1990s and early 2000s. One of her supporters is Margareta Winberg, the former deputy PM and Minister for Gender Equality, who once described <mask> as "cool".The 1998 Violence Against Women Act (Kvinnofridslagen) is said to be based on <mask>'s research. 2005 controversy in the wake of "The Gender War"
A controversial TV documentary on radical feminism in Sweden titled The Gender War, which was aired in 2005, generated debate on <mask>'s work in both Sweden and Norway. This led Uppsala University's rector Bo Sundqvist to first announce a public debate on <mask>'s research, then cancel the debate and appoint a commission consisting of political scientist Jörgen Hermansson and philosopher Margareta Hallberg to investigate <mask>'s research. The inquiry cleared her of any wrongdoing, although Hallberg and Hermansson aimed criticism at her conclusions. However, the inquiry and the report were criticized by Uppsala University's chief lawyer Marianne Andersson, who stated that Hallberg and Hermansson's criticism of <mask>'s conclusions was inappropriate and illegal in the context of such a report, and not in their mandate, which was solely to investigate claims of wrongdoing. <mask> dismissed the criticism. 14 leading researchers in <mask>'s field of study also criticized the "unique" inquiry, stating that Hermansson and Hallberg were not competent to assess <mask>'s research.The university committed itself to restoring <mask>'s reputation, granting her and her research group increased funding in compensation for having subjected her to an unjustified inquiry. 2011 resignation

In 2011, <mask> resigned from her chair at Uppsala University, stating that she will concentrate on her international career in the future, and criticizing Uppsala University for not doing enough to support her. She had previously criticized the university for not honouring the agreement to restore her reputation. <mask> is writing a book on what she considers an attack on feminist scholarship in Sweden. <mask> in the Me Too debate
In the context of the Me Too debate in 2017, the Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet wrote that <mask> had been proven right and that the criticism of her in the early 2000s had been discredited. In 2018, also in the context of the Me Too debate, <mask> and legal scholar Jenny Westerstrand wrote that the Swedish journalistic profession bore a large part of the blame in Sweden for the problems the debate had highlighted because Swedish journalists had systematically attacked critical discussion of and research on men's violence against women for over 20 years. In 2019 the National Organisation for Women's Shelters and Young Women's Shelters in Sweden described the criticism of Lundgren in 2005 as a hate speech campaign orchestrated by trolls and incels, which they linked to a broader assault on gender studies by right-wing populists; the organisation lauded Lungren's "enormous influence in Swedish feminism, the women's shelter movement, academia and politics."Selected publications (in Norwegian or Swedish)
2018: . Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. .
2008: . Oslo/Stockholm. .
2001: . Oslo. 2001: . Stockholm. 1994: .Oslo. 1993: . Oslo. ()
1992: . Stockholm. 1990: . Oslo.1987: . Oslo. 1985: . Oslo. 1985: . Doctoral thesis (), Bergen. 1984: .Bergen. 1982: . Oslo. 1981: . Oslo. Literature
Eldén, Åsa and Westerstrand, Jenny (eds. ), Guts and Glory: Festskrift till <mask>.Uppsala University, 2007. See also
 Södertälje case
 Duluth model

References

External links
  — official information page at Uppsala University

Articles needing translation from Swedish Wikipedia
1947 births
Living people
Norwegian feminists
Norwegian sociologists
Feminist studies scholars
Gender studies academics
Uppsala University faculty
New York University faculty
University of Bergen alumni
University of Bergen faculty
People from Flekkefjord
Norwegian women academics

masks:
Eva Lundgren
Lundgren
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Eva Lundgren
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Eva Lundgren
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Eva Lundgren


title: Jim Starlin

texts:
James P<mask> (born October 9, 1949) is an American comics artist and writer. Beginning his career in the early 1970s, he is best known for space opera stories, for revamping the Marvel Comics characters Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock, and for creating or co-creating the Marvel characters Thanos, Drax the Destroyer, Gamora, and Shang-Chi. Later, for DC Comics, he drew many of their iconic characters, including Darkseid and other characters from Jack Kirby's Fourth World, and scripted the death of Jason Todd, the second Robin, during his run on Batman. For Epic Illustrated, he created his own character, Dreadstar. Early life
<mask> was born on October 9, 1949, in Detroit, Michigan. He had a Catholic upbringing. In the 1960s, <mask> served as an aviation photographer in the US Navy in Vietnam.During his off duty time, he drew and submitted various comics. Early career
After leaving the Navy, <mask> sold two stories to DC Comics. After writing and drawing stories for a number of fan publications, <mask> entered the comics industry in 1972, working for Roy Thomas and John Romita at Marvel Comics. Starlin was part of the generation of artists and writers who grew up as fans of Silver Age Marvel Comics. At a Steve Ditko-focused panel at the 2008 Comic-Con International, <mask> said, "Everything I learned about storytelling was [due to] him or Kirby. [Ditko] did the best layouts." <mask>'s first job for Marvel was as a finisher on pages of The Amazing Spider-Man.He then drew three issues of Iron Man, that introduced the characters Thanos and Drax the Destroyer. He was then given the chance to draw an issue (#25) of the "cosmic" title Captain Marvel. <mask> took over as plotter the following issue, and began developing an elaborate story arc centered on the villainous Thanos, and spread across a number of Marvel titles. <mask> left Captain Marvel one issue after concluding his Thanos saga. Concurrently in the mid-1970s, <mask> contributed a cache of stories to the independently published science-fiction anthology Star Reach. Here he developed his ideas of God, death, and infinity, free of the restrictions of mainstream comics publishers' self-censorship arm, the Comics Code Authority. <mask> also drew "The Secret of Skull River", inked by frequent collaborator Al Milgrom, for Savage Tales #5 (July 1974).After working on Captain Marvel, <mask> and writer Steve Englehart co-created the character Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu, though they only worked on the early issues of the Master of Kung Fu series. <mask> then took over the title Warlock, starring a genetically engineered being created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in the 1960s and re-imagined by Roy Thomas and Gil Kane in the 1970s as a Jesus Christ-like figure on an alternate Earth. Envisioning the character as philosophical and existentially tortured, <mask> wrote and drew a complex space opera with theological and psychological themes. Warlock confronted the militaristic Universal Church of Truth, eventually revealed to be created and led by an evil evolution of his future–past self, known as Magus. Starlin ultimately incorporated Thanos into this story. Comics historian Les Daniels noted that "In a brief stint with Marvel, which included work on two characters [Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock] that had previously never quite made their mark, Starlin managed to build a considerable cult following." In Fall 1978, <mask>, Howard Chaykin, Walt Simonson, and Val Mayerik formed Upstart Associates, a shared studio space on West 29th Street in New York City.The membership of the studio changed over time. Death and suicide are recurring themes in <mask>'s work: Personifications of Death appeared in his Captain Marvel series and in a fill-in story for Ghost Rider; Warlock commits suicide by killing his future self; and suicide is a theme in a story he plotted and drew for The Rampaging Hulk magazine. <mask> occasionally worked for Marvel's chief competitor DC Comics and drew stories for Legion of Super-Heroes and the "Batman" feature in Detective Comics in the late 1970s. 1980s
<mask> co-created the supervillain Mongul with writer Len Wein in DC Comics Presents #27 (Nov. 1980). The new decade found <mask> creating an expansive story titled "the Metamorphosis Odyssey", which introduced the character of Vanth Dreadstar in Epic Illustrated #3. From its beginning in Epic Illustrated, the initial story was painted in monochromatic grays, eventually added to with other tones, and finally becoming full color. The storyline was further developed in The Price and Marvel Graphic Novel #3 and eventually the long-running Dreadstar comic book, published first by Epic Comics, and then by First Comics.<mask> was given the opportunity to produce a one-shot story in which to kill off a main character. The Death of Captain Marvel became the first graphic novel published by Marvel itself. <mask> and Bernie Wrightson produced Heroes for Hope, a 1985 one-shot designed to raise money for African famine relief and recovery. Published in the form of a "comic jam," the book featured an all-star lineup of comics creators as well as a few notable authors from outside the comic book industry, such as Stephen King, George R. R. Martin, Harlan Ellison, and Edward Bryant. In 1986, he and Wrightson produced a second benefit comic for famine relief. Heroes Against Hunger, featuring Superman and Batman, was published by DC and like the earlier Marvel benefit project featured many top comics creators. <mask> became the writer of Batman and one of his first storylines for the title was "Ten Nights of The Beast" in issues #417–420 (March – June 1988) which introduced the KGBeast.<mask> then wrote the four-issue miniseries Batman: The Cult (Aug.–Nov. 1988) drawn by Wrightson, and the storyline "Batman: A Death in the Family", in Batman #426–429 (Dec. 1988 – Jan. 1989), in which Jason Todd, the second of Batman's Robin sidekicks, was killed by the Joker. The death was decided by fans, as DC Comics set up a hotline for readers to vote on as to whether or not Jason Todd should survive a potentially fatal situation. <mask> was fired off the Batman title soon afterward. Other projects for DC included writing The Weird drawn by Wrightson and Cosmic Odyssey drawn by Mike Mignola. <mask> wrote and drew Gilgamesh II in 1989 before returning to Marvel. Later career

Back at Marvel, <mask> began scripting a revival of the Silver Surfer series.As had become his Marvel norm, he introduced his creation Thanos into the story arc, which led to The Infinity Gauntlet miniseries and its crossover storyline. Here, <mask> brought back Adam Warlock, whom he had killed years earlier in his concluding Warlock story in The Avengers Annual #7 and Marvel Two-in-One Annual #2 in 1977. The Infinity Gauntlet proved successful and was followed by the sequel miniseries The Infinity War and Infinity Crusade. For DC he created Hardcore Station in 1998. In 2003, <mask> wrote and drew the Marvel Comics miniseries Marvel: The End. The series starred Thanos and a multitude of Marvel characters, and subsequently, <mask> was assigned an eponymous Thanos series. <mask> then worked for independent companies, creating Cosmic Guard (later renamed Kid Cosmos) published by Devil's Due and then Dynamite Entertainment in 2006.<mask> returned to DC and, with artist Shane Davis, wrote the miniseries Mystery in Space vol. 2, featuring Captain Comet and <mask>'s earlier creation, the Weird. In 2007–2008, he worked on the DC miniseries Death of the New Gods and Rann-Thanagar Holy War, as well as a Hawkman tie-in which altered the character's origins. He wrote the eight-issue miniseries Strange Adventures in 2009 and in 2013, became the writer of Stormwatch, one of the series of The New 52 line, beginning with issue #19. In 2016, <mask>'s drawing hand was injured in an accident, which limited him to writing stories without the opportunity to illustrate them. "It takes me two minutes to write the sentence and will take the artist a day and a half to draw the scene. But there is a certain satisfaction to the drawing part … you get up from the drawing board at the end of the day and there’s this image there that wasn’t there before.That’s very satisfying and I miss that." In early 2020 it was announced that <mask> had rehabilitated his drawing hand and would be publishing a new Dreadstar graphic novel, Dreadstar Returns, backed by a successful Kickstarter campaign. The book was published in June 2021. Other work
<mask> co-wrote four novels with his then wife Daina Graziunas (whom he married in October 1980): Among Madmen (1990, Roc Books), Lady El (1992, Roc Books), Thinning the Predators (1996, Warner Books; paperback edition entitled Predators); and Pawns (1989, serialized in comic book Dreadstar #42–54). <mask> makes a cameo appearance in the film Avengers: Endgame as a member of Steve Rogers's support group. 3 #2–4 (writer, with Paris Cullins, 1989)
Rann-Thanagar Holy War, miniseries, #1–8 (writer, 2008–2009)
Richard Dragon, Kung-Fu Fighter #2 (artist, with Alan Weiss) (1975)
Stormwatch vol.3 #19–29 (writer) (2013–2014)
Strange Adventures miniseries #1–8 (writer/artist among others, 2009)
Superboy (Legion of Super-Heroes) #239, 250–251 (writer/artist as "Steve Apollo", with co-author Paul Levitz) (1978–1979)
Superman: The Computers That Saved Metropolis, one-shot (artist, 1980)
Superman vol. 2 #139 (artist, 1998)
Sword of Sorcery #5 (artist, 1973)
The Warlord (OMAC backup stories) #37–39 (writer/artist 1980)
The Weird, miniseries, #1–4 (writer, 1988)

Marvel Comics

Adventure into Fear (Man-Thing) #12 (artist, 1973)
Amazing Adventures, vol.2, #17 (Beast feature, 2-pages only) (artist, 1973)
The Amazing Spider-Man #113–114 (artist, 1972); #187 (artist, 1978)
Astonishing Tales (Ka-Zar) #19 (artist, with Dan Adkins, 1973)
The Avengers #107 (artist along with George Tuska, 1972); Annual #7 (writer/artist, 1977)
Book of the Dead (Man-Thing), miniseries, #3 (artist, 1994)
Captain Marvel #25–34 (full art); #36 (3-pages only) (writer/artist, 1973–1974)
Captain Marvel vol. 4 #11, 17–18 (artist, 2000–2001)
The Cat #4 (with Alan Weiss) (artist, 1973)
Conan the Barbarian #64 (artist, 1976)
Daredevil #105 (artist, with Don Heck, 1973)
Daredevil/Black Widow: Abattoir (graphic novel) (writer, 1993)
Deadly Hands of Kung-Fu #1–2, 15 (writer/artist, 1974–1975)
Doctor Strange #23–26 (writer/artist, 1977)
Dracula Lives #2 (artist with Syd Shores, 1973)
Dreadstar #1–26 (writer/artist, 1982–1986)
Epic Illustrated #1–9 (Metamorphosis Odyssey); #14, #15 (Dreadstar), #22, #34 (writer/artist, 1980–1986)
Ghost Rider, vol. 2, #35 (artist, 1979)
Giant-Size Defenders #1 (nine-pages only), #3 (artist, 1975)
Heroes for Hope (writer/back cover artist, 1985)
The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #222 (artist, 1978)
Infinity Abyss, miniseries, #1–6 (writer/artist, 2002)
The Infinity Crusade, miniseries, #1–6 (writer, 1993)
Infinity Entity, miniseries, #1–4 (writer, 2016)
The Infinity Gauntlet miniseries #1–6 (writer, 1991)
The Infinity War miniseries #1–6 (writer, 1992)
Iron Man #55–56 (artist, 1973)
Journey into Mystery (vol. 2 #27 (Marvel Comics, 1974)The Avengers #120, 135 (Marvel Comics, 1974–1975)Captain America #162 (Marvel Comics, 1973)Comic Book Artist #18 (Twomorrows Publishing, 2002)Daredevil #107 (Marvel Comics, 1974)Defenders #110 (Marvel Comics, 1982)Dreadstar (1994 series) #1–2 (Malibu Comics, 1994)FOOM #9 (Marvel Comics, 1975)Green Lantern #129, 133 (DC Comics, 1980)The Incredible Hulk vol. 2 #217 (Marvel Comics, 1977)Iron Man #68, 100, 160, 163 (Marvel Comics, 1974–1982)Jonah Hex #12 (DC Comics, 1978)Jungle Action vol. 2 #3 (Marvel Comics, 1973)Justice League of America #178–180, 183, 185 (DC Comics, 1980)Man-Thing #2 (Marvel Comics, 1974)Marvel Preview #13–14 (Marvel Comics, 1978)Marvel Super-Heroes #33, 47 (Marvel Comics, 1972–1974)Marvel Team-Up #27 (Marvel Comics, 1974)Marvel Two-in-One #6 (Marvel Comics, 1974)Marvel's Greatest Comics #39, 41 (Marvel Comics, 1973)The Mighty World of Marvel #2–20, 22, 24, 26 (Marvel UK, 1972)Miracleman #4 (Eclipse Comics, 1985)The Rampaging Hulk #5 (Marvel Comics, 1977)Super-Villain Team-Up #6 (Marvel Comics, 1976)Thanos #7 (Marvel Comics, 2004)

Collections
Hardcover:DC Comics Classics Library: A Death In The Family, 272 pages, September 2009, DC Comics, Death of the New Gods, 256 pages, September 2008, DC Comics, Dreadstar: The Beginning, 230 pages, May 2010, Dynamite, Dreadstar: The Definitive Collection, 376 pages, September 2004, Dynamite, Marvel Masterworks: Captain Marvel vol.3, 288 pages, April 2008, Marvel Comics, Marvel Masterworks: Warlock vol. 2, 336 pages, July 2009, Marvel Comics, Marvel Premiere Classic vol. 43: The Death of Captain Marvel, 128 pages, January 2010, Marvel Comics, Marvel Premiere Classic vol. 46: The Infinity Gauntlet, 256 pages, July 2010, Marvel Comics, Marvel Premiere Classic vol. Productions, 1980)

Retrospective

Notes

References

External links

 <mask> at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
 <mask> at the Lambiek Comiclopedia
 <mask> at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

1949 births
American comics artists
American comics writers
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Artists from Detroit
Bob Clampett Humanitarian Award winners
Inkpot Award winners
Living people
Marvel Comics people
United States Navy sailors

masks:
. Starlin
Jim Starlin
Starlin
Starlin
Jim Starlin
Starlin
Starlin
Starlin
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Starlin
Starlin
Starlin
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Starlin
Starlin
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Starlin
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Starlin
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Starlin
Starlin
Jim Starlin
Jim Starlin
Jim Starlin