title: Lorraine Hunt Lieberson

texts:
<mask> (March 1, 1954 – July 3, 2006) was an American mezzo-soprano. She was noted for her performances of both Baroque era and contemporary works. Her career path to becoming a singer was unconventional – formerly a professional violist, Lieberson did not shift her full-time focus to singing until she was in her thirties. Life
One of four children,  <mask> was born to parents who were both involved with opera in the San Francisco Bay Area. Her mother, Marcia, was a contralto and music teacher and her father, Randolph, taught music in high school and college. She performed as a child in Engelbert Humperdinck's Hänsel & Gretel, as a gingerbread boy. She returned to opera after taking part in a charity performance of the same work at a prison, this time taking Hänsel's role.After this performance, she auditioned for the Met, at age 29. While rehearsing in his opera Ashoka's Dream at Santa Fe in 1997, she met composer <mask>. She married him two years later, changing her name to <mask> <mask>. <mask>'s song cycles Rilke Songs and Neruda Songs, both available on CD, were composed especially for his wife<mask> <mask> died from breast cancer in Santa Fe, New Mexico on July 3, 2006, at the age of 52. Only a few years previously, she had nursed her sister through her final illness with the same disease. Her husband fell victim to cancer too, falling ill in 2007 and dying in April 2011.Career
<mask> began her musical career as a violist, and became principal viola with the San Jose Symphony. At age 26, she turned to studying voice seriously at the Boston Conservatory of Music. Her professional career as a singer began in 1984, and in 1985 she made her operatic debut after meeting Peter Sellars, appearing in his 1985 production of Handel's Giulio Cesare. She began her career as a soprano, singing roles such as Handel's Theodora and Donna Elvira in Sellars' notorious production of Don Giovanni, but soon gravitated to the mezzo-soprano range. She began working with Craig Smith at Emmanuel Music as a violist, then sang in the chorus and began taking leading roles. Her work with Emmanuel continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s, and a recording of her work there in Bach and Handel was released in 2008 by Avie Records, "Lorraine at Emmanuel." Her debut performance at the Metropolitan Opera came during the 1999–2000 season, in eleven performances in the role of Myrtle Wilson in the world premiere of John Harbison's The Great Gatsby (first performance on December 20, 1999).During this same season, she also appeared as Sesto in the New York City Opera's production of Mozart's La clemenza di Tito, as well as playing La Pelerin in Kaija Saariaho's Clemence at the Salzburg Festival. Her only other appearances at the Met came in two gala performances where she sang the spiritual "Deep River" (1999), and the fourth act of Bizet's Carmen in 2000, and finally four performances in February, 2003 in the role of Dido in Berlioz's 'Les Troyens. She was scheduled to sing the role of Orfeo in a new production of Gluck's Orfeo ed Euridice. On her death, she was replaced by countertenor David Daniels, and the four performances run in May 2007 were dedicated to her memory. Among the roles she sang during her career are Sesto (Mozart's La clemenza di Tito), Carmen (Bizet's opera of the same name), Beatrice (Berlioz's Beatrice et Benedict), Mélisande in Pelléas et Mélisande (concert performances under Bernard Haitink), Médée (title role of Charpentier's Médée, with William Christie and Les Arts Florissants), Phèdre (Jean-Philippe Rameau's Hippolyte et Aricie), Theodora and Irene (Handel's Theodora; Theodora at Göttingen with Nicholas McGegan, Irene at Glyndebourne with Christie), Minerva (Monteverdi's Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria with René Jacobs), Ottavia (Monteverdi's L'incoronazione di Poppea with Marc Minkowski) and the title roles of Handel's Ariodante and Serse. She made a number of recordings, including works of Bach and Handel, as well as modern works. Those who worked with <mask> Lieberson have spoken of her intense commitment to the detail of bringing a piece to life.Canadian vocal coach Denise Massé said in a New Yorker magazine interview,

<mask> is like Callas in her determination to dig as deeply as possible into the character — to find all the grain in the wood. In June 2005, <mask> made her last appearance in Amsterdam, performing the Sellars staging of Bach's Ich habe genug. Her final public performances were given on March 16, 17, and 18, 2006, at Orchestra Hall in Chicago, in Mahler's Symphony No. 2 (Resurrection) with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, conductor Michael Tilson Thomas and soprano Celena Shafer. In 2007, she posthumously received the Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance for her recording of her husband's Rilke Songs, and in 2008 won again posthumously for her performance of her husband's Neruda Songs. Recordings
Besides those mentioned above, her most recent recordings include two of Johann Sebastian Bach's Cantatas, BWV 82 (Ich habe genug) and BWV 199 (Mein Herze schwimmt im Blut), which made the New York Times top 10 classical albums of the year and No. 3 on the Billboard classical chart.Musical America recognized her as the 2001 Vocalist of the Year. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, before her marriage to <mask>, <mask> rose to prominence in the repertoire of George Frideric Handel. She performed and recorded opera and oratorios with the Göttingen International Handel Festival, under Nicholas McGegan's direction. Her recordings include Ariodante, Serse, "Messiah" (as a soprano), "Clori, Tirsi e Fileno", Theodora, Susanna, and two CDs of Handel arias. For the oratorio Theodora, she sang both the roles of Irene and the title character; and she has recorded Henry Purcell's incidental music for The Fairy-Queen and the title role of  Dido and Aeneas with McGegan. For her 1999 debut at the Wigmore Hall, <mask>on made a live recording of Lieder by Schumann (Frauen-Liebe und Leben, Op. 42) and Brahms (Op.57) with the pianist Julius Drake. References

External links
Neruda Songs, new album on Nonesuch

1996 Terry Gross, Fresh Air interview, 14 minutes
NPR story on <mask>on, 2002
The New Yorker Profile, "The Soul Singer: A mezzo with the most potent voice since Callas." January 5, 2004 issue
<mask> Lieberson sings Handel arias

Obituaries and appreciation
Lloyd Schwartz, Fresh Air appreciation, July 7, 2006
Radio Open Source tribute "<mask> Lieberson Remembered", July 13, 2006
Alex Ross, "Fervor: Remembering <mask> Lieberson. ", The New Yorker, September 25, 2006 issue
Frank Villella, "Remembering <mask> Lieberson", From the Archives blog, March 18, 2016

1954 births
2006 deaths
American operatic mezzo-sopranos
American classical violists
Women violists
Grammy Award winners
Deaths from breast cancer
Deaths from cancer in New Mexico
20th-century American women opera singers
21st-century American women

masks:
Lorraine Hunt Lieberson
Lorraine Hunt
Peter Lieberson
Lorraine Hunt
Lieberson
Peter Lieberson
. Hunt
Lieberson
Hunt Lieberson
Hunt
Lorraine
Hunt Lieberson
Peter Lieberson
Lorraine Hunt
Hunt Liebers
Hunt Liebers
Lorraine Hunt
Lorraine Hunt
Lorraine Hunt
Lorraine Hunt


title: Darren Elkins

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 16, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he fights in the Featherweight division. <mask> is known for his toughness and comeback victories. <mask> was born in Hobart, Indiana and competed four years in wrestling for Portage High School. <mask> placed seventh in the state of Indiana as a freshman, qualified for the state competition as a sophomore, placed third as a junior, and was a State Champion as a high school senior. <mask> also won multiple freestyle state championships as a youth. <mask> then went to college for two years and wrestled at University of Wisconsin Parkside, but did not finish his education at the university nor earn a degree. Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut on the preliminary card of UFC on Versus 1, where he defeated Duane Ludwig via TKO after Ludwig suffered a serious ankle injury after being taken down by <mask> in the first round.His next bout took place on the preliminary card of UFC on Versus 2 against Charles Oliveira. <mask> took Oliveira down early, but his opponent quickly attempted a triangle choke. Oliveira then transitioned to an armbar, which forced <mask> to submit. <mask> was expected to face touted prospect Edson Barboza on November 20, 2010, at UFC 123, but <mask> was forced from the card with an injury and replaced by Mike Lullo. <mask> made his Featherweight debut against world ranked Michihiro Omigawa on June 11, 2011, at UFC 131. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> won a unanimous decision over Zhang Tiequan on October 8, 2011, at UFC 136.After several failed guillotine attempts from Zhang, <mask> was able to dominate him from top position including at several points mounting him and pounding away with strikes. <mask> defeated TUF 14 winner Diego Brandão on May 26, 2012, at UFC 146. <mask> utilized his top game with ground and pound to win the second and third rounds, earning him the unanimous decision victory. <mask> fought fellow featherweight prospect Steven Siler on November 17, 2012, at UFC 154. After dominating the fight for three rounds, <mask> was awarded the unanimous decision victory, moving him to 4–0 at featherweight and 5-1 overall in the UFC. <mask> faced Antonio Carvalho on March 16, 2013, at UFC 158. <mask> won via first-round TKO stoppage after landing strikes that rocked Carvalho followed by a knockdown, prompting the referee to intervene.After taking virtually no damage in the fight against Carvalho, <mask> made a quick return and faced Chad Mendes on April 20, 2013, at UFC on Fox 7, replacing an injured Clay Guida. He lost the fight by 1st-round TKO. <mask> faced Hatsu Hioki on August 28, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 27. After getting hurt by a body kick late in the first round, <mask> rallied in the last two rounds and won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Jeremy Stephens on January 25, 2014, at UFC on Fox 10. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was briefly linked to a matchup with Tatsuya Kawajiri on September 20, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 52, but the bout never materialized as Kawajiri was sidelined indefinitely with a detached retina.<mask> faced Lucas Martins on October 25, 2014, at UFC 179. <mask> won the fight via split decision. The scorecards were 30–27, 30–27, 27–30. <mask> faced Hacran Dias on December 20, 2014, at UFC Fight Night 58. Fighting in Brazil for his second straight fight, he lost the fight via unanimous decision, 29-28 across the scorecards. For a third consecutive fight, <mask> appeared on an international card where he faced Robert Whiteford on October 24, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 76. He won the fight via a  dominating 30-27 unanimous decision, almost finishing Whiteford on one occasion.<mask> next faced Chas Skelly on March 5, 2016, at UFC 196. He won the fight by a dominating unanimous decision, 30–26, 30–27, 29–27. <mask> faced Godofredo Pepey on July 23, 2016, at UFC on Fox 20. He won the fight via dominating unanimous decision, 30–26, 29–27, 29–27. <mask> faced Mirsad Bektić on March 4, 2017, at UFC 209. After being dominated the first two and a half rounds, <mask> rallied back in the third round and won by knockout due to punches and a head kick. It is widely considered to be one of the greatest comebacks in UFC history.He was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Dennis Bermudez on July 22, 2017, at UFC on Fox 25. He won the back-and-forth fight via split decision, 29–28, 29–28, 28–29. <mask> faced Michael Johnson on January 14, 2018, at UFC Fight Night: Stephens vs. Choi. He won the fight via rear-naked choke submission in round two. The trademark "Damage" weathered a first round storm to complete the comeback and was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Alexander Volkanovski on July 14, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 133.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Ricardo Lamas on November 17, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 140. He lost the fight via TKO in the third round. <mask> faced Ryan Hall on July 13, 2019, at UFC on ESPN+ 13. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Nate Landwehr on May 16, 2020, at UFC on ESPN: Overeem vs. Harris. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.Return to winning
<mask> faced Luiz Eduardo Garagorri on November 7, 2020, at UFC on ESPN: Santos vs. Teixeira. He won the fight via a submission in round three. <mask> faced Darrick Minner on July 24, 2021, at UFC on ESPN: Sandhagen vs. Dillashaw. He won the bout via TKO. This fight earned him the Performance of the Night award. <mask> faced Cub Swanson on December 18, 2021, at UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. Daukaus. He lost the bout via TKO in round one.<mask> is scheduled to face Tristan Connelly on April 30, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 208.

masks:
Darren Keith Elkins
Elkins
Background Elkins
Elkins
Darren
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins
Elkins


title: Keith Harris (record producer)

texts:
<mask> is an American record producer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist. <mask> has worked with several popular recording and live acts in the music industry. Hits "Meet Me Halfway" and "Imma Be" by Black Eyed Peas, "It's My Birthday" by Will.i.am, "American Boy" by Estelle, "Feel Good" by Robin Thicke,  "Can't Stop Won't Stop" by Usher, and "Gang Bang" by Madonna, and "Be Okay" and "Let's Rock" by Chrisette Michele are among the songs <mask> has contributed to. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in Chicago's South Side. He began his music career playing with the city's New Friendship Missionary Baptist Church gospel choir. Recalling to Modern Drummer Magazine how he started: "<mask> survived being thrown to the lions thanks in part to how he got his start behind the kit – playing drums in his church’s band. “I come from a Gospel background,” he explains.“Having to learn songs fast is part of the everyday life of a church musician doing Gospel music. A lot of times we would do concerts where there was no sheet music and we had thirteen songs in different styles. So just being able to absorb music quickly and keep it locked in is how I’ve learned to approach music.”

"At Chicago’s Curie performing arts high school, <mask> picked up more important tools of the trade, building his sight-reading chops, honing the keyboard and bass skills he’d picked up in church, mastering concert percussion, and performing blazing drum solos with the advanced jazz band and stage bands. After high school, <mask> attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, graduating with a degree in production and engineering. Armed with the skills and know-how to succeed on both sides of the music-making process, he relocated to New York to work as an engineer for Bad Boy Records hit maker Richard Younglord Frierson." Career
"Producer, songwriter and musician <mask> is the driving force behind many top 10 singles and Grammy Award winning hits. "Meet Me Halfway" and "Imma Be" by The Black Eyed Peas and Grammy winners "American Boy" by Estelle and "Be Okay" by Chrisette Michele are just a few.A Chicago native, <mask> is best known for his drumming chops that round out the sounds of multi-platinum selling recording artists The Black Eyed Peas and Fergie. In addition, <mask>' album credits read like a who's who of the music industry including Michael Jackson, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Christina Aguilera, Chris Brown, Pussycat Dolls, Earth Wind and Fire, John Legend and many more." DRUM! Magazine says of <mask>: "the hottest drummer in hip-hop.. pocket provider." "<mask> produced three tracks on the Peas' smash CD The E.N.D., including the Top Ten hit "Meet Me Halfway," which went Number One on the UK Singles Chart, and "Ring-A-Ling. ""Imma Be" is the third single from the Peas record-breaking The E.N.D. to hit Number One.He worked on Fergie's 2006 solo smash The Dutchess. In 2007 <mask> released the album entitled "The Band Behind The Front" with Bucky Jonson on the BBE label. Filmography

 Be Cool (2005)
Cast: Black Eyed Peas

 La La Land (2016)
Cast: Cole

Discography

Fergie – Double Dutchess
 "Life Goes On" (producer)

Nicki Minaj – The Pinkprint
 "Grand Piano" (writer & producer)

will.i.am – It's My Birthday
 "It's My Birthday" (writer)

 Goapele – Strong As Glass
 "Strong As Glass", "Hey Boy", "My Love", "Powerful", "Truth Is" (producer)

 Leah McFall – Name of the album TBA
 "Home" (producer)

Robin Thicke – Blurred Lines
 "Feel good" (co-writer)

Britney Spears – Britney Jean
 "Perfume" (producer)

will.i.am – #Willpower
 "Love Bullets" (writer)

Usher – Looking 4 Myself
 "Can't Stop Won't Stop" (producer)

Madonna – MDNA
 "Gang Bang" (writer)

 The Black Eyed Peas – The E.N.D. (Energy Never Dies)
2010 Grammy Winner for Best Pop Album
 "Imma Be" x2 Plat (producer)
 "Meet Me Halfway" x2 Plat (producer)
 "Meet Me Halfway" x2 Plat (producer)
 "Ring A Ling" (producer)
 "Outta My Head" (writer)
 "Where Ya Wanna Go" (writer)

 Chrisette Michele – I Am
2009 Grammy Award for Best Urban/Alternative Performance
 "Be Okay" (producer)
 "Let's Rock" (writer)

 Murs – Murs for President
 "Lookin Fly" (writer)

 Mariah Carey – E=MC2
 "Heat" (writer)

 Estelle – Shine
2009 Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration Nominee for Song of The Year
 "American Boy" (writer)

 Jully Black – Revival
2008 Juno Winner for Best R&B Album
 Executive producer/ producer

 Michael Jackson – Thriller 25
 "The Girl Is Mine" (producer)
 "P.Y.T." Magazine, "<mask> Harris, Soul in The Machine”
 Vibe Magazine article on the Bucky Jonson forthcoming CD
 September 2007, Drum! Magazine, <mask> Harris article in the "Trial By Fire"
 Modern Drummer Magazine, "Pocket Comes First”
 2005 Festival International de Jazz de Montreal
 2005 Rolling Stone, "Up in It”
 2005 Apple Pro/Music "Turning Ideas into Songs”
 2005 M-‐Audio "On The Road with the Black Eyed Peas Band”

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Songwriters from Illinois
Record producers from Illinois
Musicians from Chicago
Black Eyed Peas
Fergie
Grammy Award winners

masks:
Keith Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Keith Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Keith
Keith


title: BD Wong

texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1960) is an American actor. <mask> won a Tony Award for his performance as Song Liling in M. Butterfly, becoming the only actor in Broadway history to receive the Tony Award, Drama Desk Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, Clarence Derwent Award, and Theatre World Award for the same role. He was nominated for a Critic's Choice Television Award for his role as Whiterose in Mr. Robot, for which he also earned an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. He is known for such roles as Dr. George Huang on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Father Ray Mukada on Oz, Dr. John Lee on Awake, Dr. Henry Wu in the Jurassic Park franchise, Hugo Strange in Gotham, and Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme in the film Seven Years in Tibet. <mask> is the host of the HLN medical documentary series Something's Killing Me with <mask>. <mask> has also done extensive voiceover work and stage acting.The best known of his voice acting roles is that of Captain Li Shang from the Disney animated film Mulan. He later reprised this role twice, for the 2004 direct-to-video sequel, Mulan II, and the 2005 video game Kingdom Hearts II. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in San Francisco, the son of Roberta Christine <mask> (née Leong), a telephone-company supervisor, and William D<mask>, a postal worker. He has one older brother and one younger brother. He is of Chinese descent, with family from Hong Kong. <mask> attended Lincoln High School, where he discovered his love of acting and starred as the lead in numerous school plays, before attending San Francisco State University. Career
<mask> gained wide attention as a result of his Broadway debut in M. Butterfly opposite John Lithgow.The play won multiple awards, including several for <mask>, who at that time ceased using his full name in favor of his initials. He has since ceased the use of punctuation in his initials. He is notable as the only actor to be honored with the Tony Award, Drama Desk Award, Outer Critics Circle Award, Clarence Derwent Award, and Theatre World Award for the same role. In addition to his long-running stint on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as FBI psychiatrist Dr. George Huang, he has had recurring roles in All American Girl and played Father Mukada on all six seasons of Oz, with guest appearances on The X-Files and Sesame Street. On the big screen, he has appeared in The Freshman (1990), the 1991 remake of Father of the Bride and its 1995 sequel, Father of the Bride Part II, Jurassic Park (1993), Executive Decision (1996), and Slappy and the Stinkers (1997). He also provided the voice of Captain Shang in Disney's Mulan (1998), its direct-to-video sequel, and the video game Kingdom Hearts II. He returned to Broadway as Linus in a revival of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, alongside Anthony Rapp, Roger Bart, and Kristin Chenoweth, and the 2004 revival of Stephen Sondheim's Pacific Overtures.In 1990 <mask> objected to Actor's Equity that the plan to use British actor Jonathan Pryce in the role of The Engineer in the Broadway run of Miss Saigon, which Pryce had played since the beginning of the show's 10-year extended run in London, would take jobs away from actors of Asian descent. Although the union barred Pryce from acting the role in response to <mask>'s complaint, vociferous opposition from Charlton Heston and a threat by the musical's creator and producer, Cameron Mackintosh, to cancel the American production entirely, induced the union to reverse course. Pryce went on to win a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for the role. In 2008, <mask> starred in the one-man show Herringbone, in which he portrayed 12 roles, at McCarter Theatre at Princeton University. He brought the show to the La Jolla Playhouse in San Diego the following year. In 2012, <mask> starred in Herringbone to benefit Dixon Place in New York for two performances. The production, recorded live for a 2014 CD release, was his first appearance in New York of the material, timed to coincide with the 30th anniversary of the original New York production.In 2014, <mask> starred in the U.S. premiere of James Fenton's acclaimed adaptation of The Orphan of Zhao, a classic Chinese legend that has its roots in the fourth century BC, directed by Carey Perloff at American Conservatory Theater (A.C.T.). The Orphan of Zhao is an epic story of self-sacrifice and revenge. In the aftermath of a political coup, a country doctor is forced to sacrifice his son in order to save the last heir of a noble and massacred clan. The Orphan of Zhao was a co-production with La Jolla Playhouse. <mask> announced his departure from the cast of Law & Order: SVU in July 2011, to join another NBC police drama, Awake, in which he portrayed Dr. Johnathan Lee, a confrontational therapist of an LAPD detective (portrayed by Jason Isaacs) who lived in two realities. <mask> guest-starred in a thirteenth season episode of Law & Order: SVU titled "Father Dearest" (which aired May 2, 2012). In 2015, he was named Artist-in-Residence at La Jolla Playhouse.<mask> guest-starred on NCIS: New Orleans Episode 1.13 titled "The Walking Dead" (which aired February 3, 2015), where he portrayed Navy Lieutenant Commander Dr. Gabriel Lin. <mask> also played the enigmatic Whiterose, head of the hacker collective Dark Army, who lives a double life as Zhang, the Chinese Minister of State Security, on USA Network's Mr. Robot. He was credited as a recurring role for the show's second season and promoted to main cast for the third season, which debuted October 11, 2017. On August 13, 2017, <mask> began hosting the new HLN series Something's Killing Me with <mask> <mask>. The documentary explores strange and unexplainable, real medical ailments and attacks that may be gradual or descend rapidly. But in either case, if a cause and cure are not found immediately, these real-life patients will die.Charity work
<mask> donates his time and resources to a number of LGBT and arts-related charities, such as the Ali Forney Center, Materials for the Arts, and Rosie's Theater Kids, of which he is also a board member. Personal life
<mask> is openly gay. He began a long-term relationship with talent agent Richie Jackson in 1988. In 2000, the couple had twin sons—Boaz Dov, who died 90 minutes after birth, and Jackson Foo <mask>—through a surrogate mother using <mask>'s sperm and an egg donated by Jackson's sister. In 2003, <mask> wrote a memoir about his experiences with surrogacy titled Following Foo: The Electronic Adventures of the Chestnut Man. <mask> and Jackson ended their relationship in 2004. <mask> co-parents his son with his ex-partner Jackson and Jackson's husband, Jordan Roth.His son Jackson Foo is openly gay, having come out at age 15. On October 7, 2018, <mask> married Richert John Frederickson Schnorr, his partner of eight years, in Brooklyn, New York City. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Theater

Theme Parks

Audiobooks

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1960 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male video game actors
Clarence Derwent Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
American gay actors
Male actors from San Francisco
San Francisco State University alumni
Tony Award winners
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
LGBT people from California
21st-century American memoirists
American writers of Chinese descent
LGBT American people of Asian descent
American male actors of Chinese descent
American male actors of Hong Kong descent
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Bradley Darryl Wong
Wong
Wong
BD Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
. Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
BD
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong
Wong


title: Captain Disillusion

texts:
Alan Melikdjanian (; Russian: Алан Меликджанян; born April 13, 1980), known by the alias <mask>sillusion, is a Latvian-American independent filmmaker and YouTuber. Melikdjanian has been active in the founding of video-sharing sites Openfilm and Filmnet.com, and is the creator of the webseries Captain Disillusion, which focuses on critical analysis of visual effects and video editing while promoting critical thinking and skepticism. Early life
Melikdjanian was born to Soviet-era circus performer parents, and is of Armenian and Russian descent. His father, Vilen, was a particularly well-known performer. He toured the Soviet Union with his parents until age 6, where he would live with his grandmother while attending school. During summer, he would resume touring with his parents. In his youth, Melikdjanian would spend most of his free time trying to copy the styles of Disney animators.His family defected to the United States in the late 1980s; he rejoined them two years later, attending the William H. Turner Technical Arts High School in Miami, where he studied video production and 3D animation. He graduated from the Miami International University of Art & Design with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in film production. Career

FilmNet.com and Openfilm
Melikdjanian was the co-founder and creative director of FilmNet.com, and was the co-founder and chief creative officer of Openfilm. Both were intended as alternatives to popular video-sharing site YouTube, but for serious amateur filmmakers who "don't want to place their work alongside YouTube's mediocrities." Openfilm closed in August 2015. "Captain Disillusion" YouTube Channel, 2007–present

The "Captain Disillusion" YouTube Channel has approximately 2.26 million subscribers and 214 million views (). On the channel he debunks - amongst other things - viral and paranormal "hoax" videos, doing so humorously, and with a heavy focus on visual effects.He edits his videos using various software programs beginning with Avid Media Composer followed by Adobe After Effects, Blender, and Da Vinci Resolve. In his videos, Melikdjanian wears a vintage 1980s tracksuit, and the skin of the lower part of his face is covered in metallic paint. Melikdjanian described how he designed his superhero costume:

Format
Firstly, the Captain addresses the audience. A typical introduction to his videos is "Greetings, children, Captain Disillusion here." Secondly, he goes on to show a popular video, usually a paranormal or viral video which is "too good to be true" (often starting with humorous topics to set a lighthearted mood, and then using his wristband—a gift from James Randi—to lead him to talk about the real topic). Thirdly, he reviews the footage, utilizing his expertise in digital editing, to break down the video and show how the result was accomplished. He also likes to recreate effects from the videos he debunks, often incorporating this into episodes.He ends each video with his motto: "Love with your heart. Use your head for everything else." His videos often conclude with a humorous ending sequence, which occasionally relates with the preceding video. DVD
In 2011, Melikdjanian released a DVD of his Captain Disillusion series, entitled Captain Disillusion – Fame Curve Collection. It contains the first 16 episodes remastered with optional commentary and additional bonus features. He debuted it at TAM9, and later made it available for purchase online. Recognition
Melikdjanian's work has gained recognition from The Huffington Post, Kotaku, Russian TV International, Phil Plait, the James Randi Educational Foundation, Fortean Times, Home Media Magazine, and Sun Sentinel, among others.He has also received thanks from people for debunking videos they had shared. Interviews

In 2008, during an interview for The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe, Melikdjanian describes Captain Disillusion as a YouTube web series that tackles paranormal and illusion videos uploaded by others on YouTube. He started this effort as a blog entry on Myspace but later saw these items as ready made scripts for short videos. He notes that Penn & Teller were instrumental to his current interest and eventually found the skeptical movement involved in similar work. He finds that his followers like to learn about the illusions. It is not his intent to spoil legitimate entertainment or a current performer's work. His intent in showing how video illusions are created is to clear up misconceptions.Melikdjanian describes the basis for Openfilm briefly, saying it "was formed for film makers. The goal is to provide higher quality product and a group of serious content creators." During an interview for The Skeptic Zone, in 2010, Melikdjanian describes <mask>sillusion as a superhero. And in a following 2011 interview, he describes that his work as <mask>sillusion is done "in the maximum fun way possible". He describes his work with James Randi, Randi calling him to participate in The Amaz!ng Meeting and his video work with Randi in a later project. During an interview by Susan Gerbic for Skeptical Inquirer, he states "I think it's best to focus on what you know—something you're already an expert on outside of skepticism—and explore the ways in which it's connected to skepticism. With <mask>sillusion, I connected a random thing—visual effects—to skepticism in a way that people seem to find engaging.I'm sure that can be done with many other fields in different ways." In a 2017 interview with Richard Saunders from The Skeptic Zone, Melikdjanian described the video effects editing process, saying, "You know, the tools change but the methods really don't. It's all about making things look questionable and kinda crappy and low quality and then you can pretty much get away with anything." In replying to a follow up question regarding believing what you see on the internet, he said, "When I started out, people just kinda believed everything. It was like shooting fish in a barrel, but these days, people are just really asking me 'is this fake? ', 'is this fake? ', 'is this fake?', and half the stuff they show me is just, you know, a juggler juggling a lot of balls. They can't conceive that that could be real. People just don't believe anything anymore. I guess that's good for me because I get to explain lots of stuff but I wish people could finally strike that balance where they're not too credulous but they also know not to just dismiss everything out of hand." Credits

Filmography

Additional work
Still Life (2009) (short), steadicam operator
The Shift (2013) (thanks), starring Danny Glover

Television / Web series

Awards

References

External links

 Captain Disllusion on Social Blade
 Captain Disllusion on YouTube

1980 births
Living people
Film people from Riga
American film directors
21st-century American composers
American male child actors
American YouTubers
Soviet emigrants to the United States
American people of Russian descent
American people of Armenian descent
Male YouTubers
Skepticism
Comedy YouTubers
YouTube filmmakers
Shorty Award winners

masks:
Captain Di
Captain Di
Captain Di
Captain Di


title: Manucher Ghorbanifar

texts:
<mask> (; nicknamed Gorba, born May 9, 1945) is an expatriate Iranian Jewish arms dealer and former SAVAK agent. According to the Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Ghorbanifar was a double agent for Iran and Israel. The CIA director William Casey believed that Ghorbanifar was an Israeli agent. He is best known as a middleman in the Iran–Contra Affair during the Ronald Reagan presidency. He re-emerged in American politics during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq during the first term of President George W. Bush as a back-channel intelligence source "in order to report on any interaction and attempts at negotiations between Iranian officials and US ambassador to Iraq, Zalmay Khalilzad". Prior to the Iraq War, Ghorbanifar had passed allegations to the Bush administration that “enriched uranium was smuggled from Iraq into Iran and some may remain hidden in Iraq” which the CIA later discovered to be a fabrication created by Ghorbanifar. Ghorbanifar was linked to the Niger uranium forgeries which were forged documents initially released by SISMI that would later be used partly as justification for the Iraq War.Career
Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution Ghorbanifar was an agent of Iran's SAVAK intelligence service, and a partner in an Israeli-Iranian shipping company, Starline Iran, which shipped oil from Iran to Israel. <mask> knew Israel's military attache in Tehran, Yaakov Nimrodi, who helped build SAVAK. In 1980 Ghorbanifar was the liaison between the Shah's last Prime Minister, Shahpour Bakhtiar, in exile in Paris, and conspirators in the Iranian armed forces organising what is sometimes known as the Nojeh Coup. The plot was exposed, and hundreds of officers were arrested at Nojeh Air Base on 9-10 July 1980. <mask> had owned a shipping company and headed the logistics branch of the Niqab network which organised the civilian part of the plot. He had been recommended for the role by Bakhtiar. Some Iranian sources later accused Ghorbanifar of leaking information to the Iranian government which helped thwart the coup plot.In December 1985 Adnan Khashoggi said in an interview that Ghorbanifar was head of European intelligence under Mir-Hossein Mousavi (Prime Minister from 1981). In 1981 Ghorbanifar was the source for the Washington Posts stories about Libyan hit squads targeting President Reagan and other senior US figures; in 1986 he said he had created the story "To hurt Libya, an enemy of Israel". Ghorbanifar's contribution to the Libyan story contributed to the CIA's 1984 decision to issue a "burn notice" against Ghorbanifar. In the early 1980s Ghorbanifar accompanied Cyrus Hashemi to Israel to arrange a $50m arms shipment, codenamed "Cosmos", to Iran. The deal was cancelled at the last minute with much of the equipment already loaded onto a ship in Eilat. During the 1980s, Ghorbanifar arranged the transaction of PROMIS software to Khalid bin Mahfouz, a prominent Saudi billionaire. Iran–Contra Affair
In the 1980s, Ghorbanifar's principal American contacts were National Security Council agents Oliver North and Michael Ledeen.Ledeen vouched for Ghorbanifar to National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane. Oliver North later claimed that Ghorbanifar had given him the idea for diverting profits from TOW and HAWK missile sales to Iran to the Nicaraguan Contras. Ghorbanifar's suspected duplicity during the Iran–Contra deal led CIA Director William Casey to order three separate lie-detector tests, all of which he failed. Iranian officials also suspected Ghorbanifar of passing them forged American documents. The CIA issued a burn notice (or "Fabricator Notice") on Ghorbanifar in 1984, meaning he was regarded as an unreliable source of intelligence, and a 1987 congressional report on Iran–Contra by the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair cites the CIA warning that Ghorbanifar "should be regarded as an intelligence fabricator and a nuisance". His own cohorts in the arms trading affair were also incredulous. "I knew him to be a liar," North eventually acknowledged.Ronald Reagan had described Ghorbanifar as a “devious character.” Robert McFarlane, the national-security adviser who approved the Iran–Contra arms trades, once described Ghorbanifar as "one of the most despicable characters I have ever met." Former CIA official and Iran-Contra figure George Cave, who was involved in the 1984 decision to issue the burn notice, has described Ghorbanifar as "the most totally amoral person I have ever met". According to a report in Time, <mask>'s links with the CIA led to internal disputes, with the counter-terrorism division supporting him and Middle East officers attempting to discredit him. <mask>'s anger at being labelled a liar may have led him to urge Iranian contacts to leak the Iran-Contra story. The affair first became public in a Lebanese newspaper, apparently leaked by Mehdi Hashemi. French–Lebanese hostage crisis
<mask> has been suspected of being a former French DGSE informer, and allegedly accompanied Jean-Charles Marchiani, the right-hand man of former French Interior Minister Charles Pasqua, during his meetings with the deputy Iranian foreign minister to negotiate the release of the French hostages in Lebanon in the mid-1980s. War on terrorism
In December 2001 Michael Ledeen organized a three-day meeting in Rome, Italy between <mask> <mask> and Defense Intelligence Agency officials Larry Franklin and Harold Rhode.Also present were two officials from Italy's SISMI. In addition to a position at the American Enterprise Institute, Ledeen was working as a consultant to then U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy Douglas Feith, who oversaw the Office of Special Plans. The 2001 meeting took place with the approval of then-Deputy National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley. The meeting concerned a secret offer from reportedly dissident Iranian officials to provide information relevant to the War on Terrorism and Iran's relationship with terrorists in Afghanistan. Summer 2003 news reports of the meetings prompted an internal review, as well as an investigation by the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld characterized the meetings as insignificant, saying, "There wasn't anything there that was of substance or of value that needed to be pursued further."News reports also indicated that Ghorbanifar sought to be paid for the middleman role. Subsequent contacts with Ghorbanifar were abandoned. <mask> <mask> has emerged as the probable origin of the information cited by Congressman Curt Weldon's book, Countdown to Terror: The Top-Secret Information that Could Prevent the Next Terrorist Attack on America... and How the CIA has Ignored it (Regnery Publishing, June 2005) . Weldon cites an anonymous source, "Ali," believed to be Fereidoun Mahdavi, a former Iranian minister of commerce before the Iranian Revolution who is a close associate of Ghorbanifar. References

External links
 Michael Ledeen, "Truth About Ghorbanifar", with reply by Theodore H. Draper. New York Times Book Review 36, no. 7, 27 April 1989."Regime Change in Iran? One Man's Secret Plan". Newsweek, 22 December 2002. James Risen. How a Shady Iranian Kept the Pentagon's Ear, New York Times, 7 December 2003. "Arms dealer in talks with US officials about Iran". Sydney Morning Herald, 9 August 2003.Michael Ledeen, "Iran-contra Revisited?". National Review, 14 August 2003. Laura Rozen and Jeet Heer, "The Front". The American Prospect, 1 April 2005. Dana Priest, "Lawmaker's Book Warns of Iran". Washington Post, 9 June 2005: A08. Laura Rozen, "Curt Weldon's Deep Throat".The American Prospect, 10 June 2005. Larisa Alexandrovna. Spurious attempt to tie Iran, Iraq to nuclear arms plot bypassed U.S. intelligence channels, Raw Story, 11 January 2006. Larisa Alexandrovna. Ghorbanifar Back on U.S. Payroll, Raw Story, 20 April 2006. Laura Rozen, Three Days in Rome (Mother Jones magazine)

1945 births
Living people
Arms traders
History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Iran–Contra affair
Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in the United States
People of SAVAK
Iranian emigrants to France
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in France
Double agents

masks:
Manucher Ghorbanifar
Ghorbanifar
Ghorbanifar
Ghorbanifar
Ghorbanifar
Ghorbanifar
Manucher
Ghorbanifar
Manucher
Ghorbanifar


title: James Edwin Richards

texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask>, (ca.1945 – 18 October 2000), was an American citizen journalist, editor and publisher of Neighborhood News, a weekly e-mail newsletter, that reported on crime in Venice, California. <mask> was murdered at his Oakwood neighborhood home, one convicted assailant was sentenced to 16 years in prison, and the anniversary of his death is honored by locals. Personal
<mask> was 55 years old at the time of his murder. He had lived on the 700 block of Vernon Ave for 20 years and in Venice since 1969. <mask> was known in his community as a local anti-crime activist, block captain for the Model Neighborhood Program, and a member of the Community Police Advisory Board. His hometown was Dayton, Ohio. After attending Catholic schools in Dayton, he went on to earn his BA degree from Ohio State University.He then studied at UC Berkeley graduated with a master's degree in business. Before turning to citizen journalism, <mask> had established himself as a house painter, property manager, and real estate agent. His memorial service was held at Church of St. Mark, Oakwood. <mask> was survived by his older sister Rita, his companion Cynthia Jean Moore and her two children. Citizen journalism
<mask> reported on criminal activity in the Oakwood neighborhood for around three years and was known by residents to be a "controversial" figure. As part of his activism against crime, <mask> became a citizen journalist focusing on local crime, and he edited and published an Oakwood neighborhood e-mail newsletter, which he published from his home in Venice, California. <mask> was known for reporting what he had heard on crime scanners, visiting crime scenes—often arriving first—and investigating criminals and even photographing drug deals for Neighborhood News.The Neighborhood News published a listing of crimes, such as shootings, drug sales, thefts, and vandalism. Death
<mask> <mask> was known as a "controversial" figure in the community, according to Ruth Galanter, a Venice city councilwoman. She called <mask>' killing "a straightforward assassination." Galanter said <mask>' stance and activism against crime had made him a highly visible obstacle to crime elements and attracted many enemies as a result. Police believed that two assailants murdered <mask>. Police said his murderers waited for him and shot him several times in his driveway after he returned home in his camper van from a workout at an all night gym around 4:15 a.m.

Legal investigation and prosecution
Police carried out an investigation into <mask>' premeditated murder. Initially, police said they did not have any leads and the Los Angeles City Council established a $25,000 reward.Police investigated a conspiracy to kill <mask>. A man was sentenced on 24 February 2003 to 25 years in prison for his role in a national cocaine ring, and it was also believed that he and others were linked to the slaying of <mask>. <mask> kept tabs on the crime activity in his neighborhood and police believed others had conspired to kill him. It was alleged that <mask> was killed because the people in the crime ring thought he was giving police information about their operations. The indictment indicated that <mask> murder and the attempted murder of an unidentified man were meant to further the individuals criminal enterprise. There was also a conviction in another case against a person believed to be the only surviving assailant. Byron Lopez, a.k.a."Crook", who was arrested 26 February 2002 and later pleaded guilty and did not contest the pre-meditated murder charges brought against him. He was sentenced to 16 years in prison. Context
Venice, California had experienced a wave of gang-related violence during the 1990s, especially from 1994 to 1997, and experienced a resurgence prior to <mask>' murder. In response, police, under the leadership of LAPD Chief of Police Bernard C. Parks, established a Model Neighborhood Program that placed more police in the neighborhoods who were regular patrolling within a zone while at the same time the city of Venice, according to advocate councilwoman Ruth Galanter, would use city resources to clean up vandalism and involve citizens. <mask>' Oakwood neighborhood is located in Venice, California and is about 12 city square blocks in size. Impact
The city of Venice designated 18 October, the anniversary of <mask>' murder, as "Jim Richards Day", which has been observed since 2008. Reactions
As the investigation began, L.A. Police Lt. Horace Frank said, "people ought to be outraged by every murder.We're outraged by every murder and will pursue every murder aggressively." In reaction to <mask>' murder, Venice residents spoke of a climate of fear that was settling in as a result of the violence. Ruth Galanter, a Venice councilwoman representing Oakwood, said, "It is a heinous act meant to intimidate the community and threaten residents into staying quiet in the face of a criminal takeover of their community by gang members and drug dealers." Vanessa Celentano, <mask>' neighbor, said, "People are going to be more worried now than ever. The fact that the block captain got shot to death, I mean, where does that leave us? It's scary." Resident Patt Morrison wrote about the intimidation that neighbors in Oakwood felt about talking about <mask>' murder, the complacency of residents about the neighborhood's problems, and the admiration for <mask>' activism in an atmosphere of fear.In the 2008 proposal to create a day of commemoration, Galanter said, "Jim was a brave and dedicated man. The city and the community owe a debt of gratitude to him. Those who believe they can intimidate this community have sorely underestimated the good people of Oakwood." See also
 List of journalists killed in the United States
 Venice Shoreline Crips
 Venice 13
 Culver City Boys 13

References

1945 births
2000 deaths
Anti-crime activists
Deaths by firearm in California
Journalists from California
Assassinated American journalists
Ohio State University alumni
People from Venice, Los Angeles
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People murdered in California
2000 murders in the United States
American male journalists
20th-century American writers
20th-century American journalists

masks:
James Edwin Richards
Jim Richards
Richards
James Edwin Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Jim Richards
Richards
James Edwin
Richards
Richards
Richards
Jim Richards
Richards
Richards
James Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Jim Richards
Richards
Richards


title: Charles Lederer

texts:
<mask> (December 31, 1910 – March 5, 1976) was an American screenwriter and film director. He was born into a theatrical family in New York, and after his parents divorced, was raised in California by his aunt, Marion Davies, actress and mistress to newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst. A child prodigy, he entered the University of California, Berkeley at age 13, but dropped out after a few years to work as a journalist with Hearst's newspapers. <mask> is recognized for his comic and acerbic adaptations and collaborative screenplays of the 1940s and early 1950s. His screenplays frequently delved into the corrosive influences of wealth and power. His comedy writing was considered among the best of the period, and he, along with writer friends Ben Hecht and Herman Mankiewicz, became major contributors to the film genre known as "screwball comedy". Among his notable screenplays which he wrote or co-wrote, were The Front Page (1931), the critically acclaimed His Girl Friday (1940), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), The Spirit of St. Louis (1957), Ocean's 11 (1960), and Mutiny on the Bounty (1962).Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in New York City to two prominent figures in the American theater, Broadway producer <mask> and singer Reine Davies. After his parents were separated, <mask> and his older sister Pepi moved to California and were raised by his mother's sister, actress Marion Davies. He grew up in Hollywood, spending much time at San Simeon, the "enchanted castle on the hill", where his aunt reigned as publisher William Randolph Hearst's mistress. He was a child prodigy and was admitted to UC Berkeley at the age of 13, but dropped out a few years later to work as a journalist for Hearst's newspapers. According to biographer William MacAdams, "Hollywood was home to Lederer, where for most people it was a place they moved to in order to work for the movies. Virtually none of the film community had grown up in Los Angeles, but Lederer had been brought there when he was 11 by Marion Davies, his mother's sister... Lederer thus knew the movie colony inside out as seen from the top and wasn’t impressed ..."

Screenwriting career
When he was 19, Lederer became friends with Ben Hecht, who introduced him to the New York literati. His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired to write additional dialogue for the film The Front Page.He later moved back to Hollywood to become a full-time screenwriter. <mask> is recognized for his acerbic wit, with adaptations and collaborative screenplays written mostly during the 1940s and early 1950s. His screenplays frequently delved into the corrosive influences of wealth and power. His comedy writing was also among the best of the period, and he, along with Hecht and Herman Mankiewicz became major contributors to the film genre known as "screwball comedy". He was friends with screenwriters Joseph and Herman Mankiewicz. Herman would later become co-screenwriter of Citizen Kane. After becoming friends with <mask>, "Herman told Joe to come to the office of their mutual friend <mask> ... "  Herman, who met Hearst as a result of his friendship with <mask>, later "saw Hearst as ‘a finagling, calculating, Machiavellian figure.’ But also, with <mask>, ... wrote and had printed parodies of Hearst newspapers ..."

As explained by The New Yorker film critic Pauline Kael, "Mankiewicz found himself on story-swapping terms with the power behind it all, Hearst himself.When he had been in Hollywood only a short time, he met Marion Davies and Hearst through his friendship with <mask>, a writer, then in his early twenties, whom Ben Hecht had met and greatly admired in New York when <mask> was still in his teens. <mask>, a child prodigy, who had entered college at thirteen, got to know Mankiewicz ... <mask> was Marion Davies’s nephew – the son of her sister Reine ... Marion was childless, and <mask> was very close to her; he spent a great deal of his time at her various dwelling places, and took his friends to meet both her and Hearst.”

After finishing the script for Citizen Kane, Mankiewicz gave a copy to <mask>, which Kael explains was foolish:

<mask>, however, told director Peter Bogdanovich that Kael was totally incorrect in this matter, and "she never bothered to check with him." He did not, in fact, ever give the script to Davies. <mask> explains:

According to Hecht biographer, William MacAdams, "When Hecht began looking around for a new collaborator ... he thought of <mask>, whom he had met on one of his first trips to Los Angeles....In a letter to screenwriter Gene Fowler, Hecht called <mask> "a very tender soul....[who] captivated the New York literati just as the other Charlie (MacArthur) had a few years earlier." Leading screenplays

His friendship with Hecht led to his being hired in 1931, when he was 20, to write additional dialogue for the film version of the 1928 play The Front Page. The film would be nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Picture. In 1933, he made contributions to Hecht's screenplay for Topaze, along with many others, without being credited.From 1940 to 1943 <mask> worked at MGM where he wrote a series of light comedies, usually centering on mismatched couples. Comrade X (1940), written in collaboration with Ben Hecht and directed by King Vidor is the story an American in Russia (Clark Gable) who falls in love with a streetcar conductor (Hedy Lamarr). In 1942 he directed his first film, Fingers at the Window, although he did not write the screenplay. He penned the screenplay for the classic 1951 science-fiction/horror film The Thing from Another World, directed largely by Howard Hawks but credited to Christian Nyby and co-wrote the original 1960's Ocean's 11. <mask> wrote or co-wrote screenplays (notably with Ben Hecht) for Howard Hawks's production of His Girl Friday (a remake of The Front Page), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and the Lewis Milestone remake of Mutiny on the Bounty, starring Marlon Brando. His Girl Friday has remained his most popular and critically acclaimed screenplay. At the suggestion of the film's director, Howard Hawks, <mask> changed the sex of the lead character in the play, Hildy Johnson, from male to female.With Ben Hecht, he co-wrote the original Kiss of Death which was to feature the actor Richard Widmark's chilling debut as the psychopathic killer with a giggle. In addition, he wrote and directed the 1959 film Never Steal Anything Small, an adaptation of a play by Maxwell Anderson and Rouben Mamoulian, starring James Cagney. The Spirit of St. Louis was <mask>'s last significant film work. The films that followed that were primarily vehicles for established stars. <mask> was valued as a Hollywood screenwriter who produced lively, acerbic adaptations and worked well in collaboration with others. He was also a member of another circle of writers on the East Coast which included Moss Hart, George S. Kaufman, Howard Dietz, Robert Benchley, Dorothy Parker, and editor Harold Ross. These writers were to become the nucleus of the Algonquin Round Table.Awards
In 1954, he won three Tony Awards for the Broadway Musical Kismet, as Best Producer (Musical), as Best Author (Musical) with Luther Davis, and as co-author of the book which, with several collaborators, contributed to the Best Musical win. Personal life

Marion Davies' nephew

<mask> and his sister Pepi were raised by his aunt, actress Marion Davies. He grew up in Hollywood, and spent much of his time at Hearst Castle in San Simeon, his aunt's primary home with newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst. According to Davies's biographer Fred Guiles, "Everyone close to Marion knew that Charlie was her favorite person after Hearst. . . . He was her knight-errant and no one, not even Hearst, ever reckoned with Marion alone from then on; they knew that they were dealing, too, with nephew Charlie." <mask>'s father, <mask>, produced her first film, Runaway Romany. Hearst, who at that time had not known Davies, saw the film and offered Davies a one-year acting contract, leading to their future relationship and further roles for Davies.In July 1928, Davies and Hearst left on a summer vacation to Europe. Among those invited who joined them, at Hearst's expense, were <mask> and his sister Pepi. During another summer trip to Europe in 1934, Hearst and Davies considered having <mask> write a scenario for a movie project called Movie Queen, a proposed film and vehicle for Davies that had been discussed in Hollywood. Hearst also asked <mask> to help rewrite the script for another Davies film, Hearts Divided (1936), which he did without credit. In 1950, Hearst personally asked <mask> to find him an attorney to draw up a trust agreement for his will in order to provide Davies with a lifetime income from the Hearst estate after his death. <mask> remained close to Davies after Hearst's death in 1951. When Davies died in 1961 at age 64, nearly recovering from cancer treatments and deterioring health from years of heavy drinking, <mask>, along with Davies' husband and her sister, were at her bedside.During his visits at Hearst's estate, <mask> befriended Charlie Chaplin, also a frequent visitor, and got a small role in his 1931 film, City Lights. The scene was cut from the final film, however, and the seven-minute clip was first publicly shown in the 1983 documentary Unknown Chaplin. Marriages

<mask> married Virginia Nicolson Welles, ex-wife of Orson Welles, May 18, 1940, in Phoenix, Arizona. <mask>, at the time, was a "good friend" of Welles, notes Welles biographer Peter Bogdanovich According to Guiles, "she married Charlie… coming back to the Lederer home on Bedford Drive [in Los Angeles] with her young daughter, Chris, Welles’ first-born child.” The couple divorced in 1949. <mask>'s second wife was actress Anne Shirley whom he married in 1949. Friendships

Orson Welles
Welles biographer Barbara Leaming states that after <mask> married Welles's first wife in 1940, "earnestly trying to protect the best interests of Virginia and particularly of his daughter Chris, Lederer had angry run-ins with Orson, whom he accused of not living up to the divorce settlement. Now, in the unlikeliest of turnarounds, Orson and the witty, intelligent Lederer became great chums."Welles himself said of the Lederers, "I liked them together," and he soon entered into a friendly relationship that he describes as a "strange design for living at the beach." Welles became famous in the movie world after the release of Citizen Kane in 1941, a story based in part on the life of William Randolph Hearst. The story attempts to solve the mystery of newspaper publisher <mask> Kane's last dying word: "Rosebud". Film critic David Thomson calls the word "the greatest secret in cinema." In 1989, author Gore Vidal disclosed that "Rosebud" was in fact a nickname which Hearst playfully used for the clitoris of his mistress, Marion Davies. Vidal said that Davies told this intimate detail to <mask>, who mentioned it to him. The claim about the meaning of "Rosebud" was repeated in the 1996 documentary The Battle Over Citizen Kane and again in the 1999 dramatic film RKO 281.Years later, after Welles's second marriage to actress Rita Hayworth ended in 1948, he moved to a beach house next door to the palatial Marion Davies estate where his first wife Virginia and <mask>, her husband, resided. Welles lived there with Irish actress Geraldine Fitzgerald, and he soon became a "member of the household" of his former wife and <mask>. Chris Welles, in her biography, describes how her mother and stepfather remained friends with Welles despite the earlier problems:

According to Welles biographer Frank Brady, <mask> and Welles would sometimes spend hours, or days, discussing various film projects or related properties that they might want to collaborate on. They both loved Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie. There were also awkward periods that Welles remembers:

<mask> would often take Chris and Virginia to visit San Simeon, where Davies lived with William Randolph Hearst. She recalls, "Whenever we visited San Simeon, the grandiose castle . . . Charlie could not resist pulling the old man's leg:

Chris Welles adds that "aunt Marion, who had lost most of her relatives, was extremely close to Charlie."<mask> agreed, saying that "we're more like partners in crime than aunt and nephew." She remembers one occasion: "Charlie and Marion would exchange a wicked glance and then begin turning somersaults in unison on one of Hearst's priceless Persian rugs." She writes, however, that she was unaware at the time of the complications that her visits to San Simeon caused:

Virginia Welles gave some of the reasons <mask> became close friends with Welles:

After completing Macbeth in late 1947, Welles planned to live and work in Europe to save on production costs. Before leaving, however, he came down with chicken pox, which he contracted from his daughter. He was forced to stay in New York's Waldorf hotel for three days, during which time <mask> remained with him while they worked on a script for The Shadow, which Welles was to direct. Later, after Welles had been living in Europe, spending most of his time and energy trying to obtain funds to both live and produce other films, <mask> loaned him $250,000. Harpo, Ben Hecht, and a Comeuppance
Lederer was great friends with Harpo Marx and the two constantly cooked up practical jokes at the balls and parties they attended at Hearst Castle, the estate of William Randolph Hearst, such as stealing all the female guests' fur coats and draping them over the statues outside the estate during a heavy rainstorm.<mask> was a close and lifelong friend of screenwriter Ben Hecht, with whom he co-wrote numerous screenplays. Hecht noted that <mask> was "half Jewish and half Irish," and soon after meeting him, wired Rose, his wife, "I have met a new friend. He has pointed teeth, pointed ears, is nineteen years old, completely bald and stands on his head a great deal. His name is <mask>. I hope to bring him back to civilization with me." Hecht's 1963 autobiography, Gaily, Gaily, was dedicated, "For <mask>, to read in his tub." <mask> was famed on both coasts as a sardonic wit and "incessant practical joker," which endeared him to Hecht.Bennett Cerf's book Shake Well Before Using describes an incident during <mask>'s career in the Army during World War II, when <mask> took revenge on an Englishwoman who had been making "rabid and noisy" remarks against Jews:

Final years
According to Mankiewicz' biographer Richard Meryman, <mask> "isolated himself in his last years, contorted from arthritis, addicted to narcotics." He died in 1976, aged sixty-five. References

External links

<mask> family papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

American male screenwriters
American film directors
1910 births
1976 deaths
American theatre managers and producers
Tony Award winners
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters

masks:
Charles Davies Lederer
Lederer
Charles Davies
Lederer
George Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charlie Lederer
Lederer
Charlie Lederer
Charles Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charlie Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
George Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Foster
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Lederer
Charles Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Lederer


title: Mario Masciulli

texts:
<mask>, Baron Miglianico (Livorno, Italy September 15, 1909 – Caracas, Venezuela October 16, 1991) was a prominent military engineer of the Italian Regia Marina, Major of Genio Navale and belonging to the recognized Decima Flottiglia MAS as director of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons during Second World War. He was awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor. Biography

First Years, Military Career

<mask> joined the Livorno Naval Academy in 1925, being number one in the entrance exam, among a large group of students. Later he was sent to the Polytechnic of Turin, where he earned an honors degree in Industrial Engineering, before obtaining a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. World War II

At the start of the war in 1939, he was conducting technical studies aboard various naval vessels such as the Battleship Andrea Doria and the Submarine Scirè where he familiarized with Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, by then commander of the submarine, who already knew of his years at the Academy. In 1940, Borghese requested him to form part of the newly restructured Decima Flottiglia MAS. Along with captain Travaglini, step hold Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, where, after several losses and failed attacks on the British base in Malta, he made improvements to the first human torpedoes, originally designed by Teseo Tesei and known as Siluro a lenta Corsa (SLC) and nicknamed "Maiale" (Pig, in English), eliminating the cause of many problems.Using the experience gained and scientific, industrial, and technological progress, he began the construction of a similar design, but with significantly higher characteristics. Launched from the submarine Scire, two men maneuvered it from a cockpit. Once near the boat, they placed the explosives with a timer. As director of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, he also designed and updated the Motoscafo Armato Silurante (MAS), motorboats of between 20 and 30 tons displacement, with a crew of 10 men armed with two torpedoes, plus several machine guns and occasionally a small-caliber cannon. The biggest success of the Maiale occurred on December 19, 1941, when Lieutenant Luigi Durand de la Penne and Emilio Bianchi used two maiale to defend the port of Alexandria, Egypt, and severely damaged two British battleships ( and )
Other weapons were designed and built by the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons: these included acoustic mines and incendiary bombs which were designed so that the pilots of the torpedoes could introduce them into enemy ports. Siluro San Bartolomeo
When using the Maiale Human Torpedo, Masciulli noticed some limitations, demonstrating the need for an updated version. The improvement in the materials available for the assembly and parallel new technologies led to a far superior product to the point of not being able to identify and as an outgrowth of the "Siluro a Lenta Corsa" SLC Maiale.So the Siluro San Bartolomeo had born. The project was managed and developed by the engineer of the Genio Navale, Major <mask>, with the help of Captain G.N Travaglino,  with help from engineer Guido Cattaneo. Also helping with the direction of Submarine Weapons Arsenal, La Spezia. Armistice, September 8, 1943
The new Badoglio government of Italy signed an armistice with the Allies. Further attacks on Gibraltar using the new and larger replacement for the SLC (the Siluro San Bartolomeo type), and a planned raid on New York City were called off due to the Italian surrender. Just three Siluro San Bartolomeo had been manufactured for the date of the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, two remained in La Spezia and one was sent to Venice, which was found at the end of the war. Both of La Spezia were consigned to the La Castagna Task Force, an old battery of the Decima Flottiglia MAS under the command of Lieutenant Augusto Jacobacci (Siluro San Bartolomeo pilot).Those had been designated to attack Gibraltar, but the action was suspended with the Armistice signed on 3 September 1943 but made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies armed forces. After War
The engineer <mask>i was injured in a leg and both hands, for a technical accident in 1943, while he was doing a personal test aboard a Maiale. After the war he was promoted to the rank of colonel, always maintained close contact with Borghese. Later plays for several years as director of the important company " Pirelli ", based in Milan. The company had already demonstrated their competence and high capacity when the engineer, as head of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, asking them material for the preparation of the costumes used by the "Frogmen". In 1957 known in Milano, Italy, the Vice Admiral Carlos Larrazabal, Venezuelan Military attache in Italy and brother of the next President Wolfgang Larrazabal. He then asked for his vast knowledge, to teach at the Naval Academy and decided to move and settle in Caracas.The rest of his life he worked as an entrepreneur in Venezuela along with several Italians who had also belonged to the Regia Marina. He died in Caracas, of natural causes on October 16, 1991, in peace. For the 1953 Italian war film  Siluri umani (internationally released as Human Torpedoes)  directed by Antonio Leonviola. narrated the adventures of this secret weapons. One of its military advisors was <mask> and the former admiral Marcantonio Bragadin. Leonviola came into conflict with the film's producers just before its completion and was replaced by Carlo Lizzani. See also
Regia Marina
Siluro San Bartolomeo
Human torpedo
Decima Flottiglia MAS
MAS (boat)

External links
La Decima MAS
Comando Supremo: Italy at War - Italian naval assault units: Decima Flottiglia MAS
Associazione Combattenti X Flottiglia MAS
Siluro a Lenta Corsa

Bibliography

 Schofield, William.Frogmen First Battles. New York, 2000

References

1909 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Italian inventors
People from the Province of Livorno
Regia Marina personnel of World War II

masks:
Mario Elbano Masciulli Manelli
Masciulli
Mario Masciulli
Mario Masciull
Masciulli


title: Tai Solarin

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (20 August 1922 – 27 July 1994) was a Nigerian educator and author. He established the famous Mayflower School, Ikenne, Ogun State in 1956. In 1952, <mask> became the principal of Molusi College, Ijebu Igbo, a post he held till 1956 when he became the proprietor and principal of Mayflower School. Early life
<mask> was born in Ikenne, Ogun State, in Western Nigeria on 20 August 1922, the first child in a set of twins. His twin sister, <mask> died in 1991 at about 69 years. He attended Wesley College Ibadan. Solarin was inspired by the writings of Nnamdi Azikiwe who encouraged young people to travel abroad for study.His initial attempt to gain a passport fell through but he later enlisted in the British Air Force and served with the Royal Air Force as a navigator in the Second World War. He remained in Britain, studying at University of Manchester, and then at the University of London. <mask> married English-born Sheila Mary Tuer in 1951. <mask> returned to Nigeria and became a tutor at Molusi  College, which was supported by the community and Christians in Ijebu-Igbo. In 1952, he was appointed the school's principal succeeding Stephen Awokoya who had just been appointed the regional Minister for Education. <mask>, an humanist had a mission to 're-educate' the community and decided to make some changes. He removed morning prayers and religious studies as a subject in the school.However, some of the changes found opposition within the local community where his brother was a reverend. He decided to quit and found his own school with the approval of Awokoya the former Principal. He established Mayflower school on January 27, 1956. Mayflower
The Mayflower campus, which he established, is made up of hundreds of hectares of land, based in <mask>in's birth Place, Ikenne, Ogun State. Approximately 15,000 students are in attendance . The campus includes classrooms, administration buildings, small houses for many of the teachers, dormitory accommodations for about 5,000 boarders, and a farm. The school is noted for very high academic achievement.Post independence critics
<mask> is one of the post-Independence civil rights critics and activists in his native Nigeria; some others were Fela Anikulapo-Kuti (musician) Beko Ransome-Kuti, Wole Soyinka (Nobel Laureate), Ayodele Awojobi, Dele Giwa, Gani Fawehinmi (lawyer), and Ken Saro-Wiwa. For the majority of the first forty years after independence, Nigeria had no effective opposition to the mostly military government of the day. These activists acted as an effective opposition to the ruling government. In 1975, when the General Gowon Regime delayed returning power to a civilian regime, <mask> published his "The Beginning of the End" statement, which he then physically distributed on the roadside. He was subsequently imprisoned for this act. Throughout his lifetime <mask> fought running battles with various governments in a bid to improve the lot of Nigerians. Mr. <mask> was an intellectual guru for Nigeria's disenchanted and disfranchised for four decades.His writings in magazines and newspapers, highlighting what he called the hypocrisy and vulgarity of the Nigeria of his day, frequently angered people in power. He was a vehement critic of military rule in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, and an ombudsman in three states in 1976 and 1977
As a columnist, <mask> was a relentless critic of Nigerian military rule, as well as of corruption in the government and the church. He was often jailed for his public remarks. Modesty
In a country and an age where dignitaries wore flowing Agbada to show their wealth and position, <mask> was known to always wear simple khaki shorts and shirt. Quotes
'I fight with an indomitable spirit, my back to the wall, defeat is for those who accept it' 'The greatest strands of affection are woven in adversity. Leadership means suffering. The Leader, who has no marks, indelible marks to show either on his physical body or in his mind have never led'.'How many Socrates did Greece breed? How many Nehru's did India breed? They have one each but they all had one thing in common, sense of mission. An unquenchable thirst to get things done. We need as in this instance only one courageous Nigerian to take a stand. But no Nigerian wants to offer his head to break a coconut'. Prophet of self-reliance
One of <mask>in's basic principles was self-reliance, a part of the curriculum at Mayflower.The Peoples Bank
In 1989, The Peoples Bank was founded by the government, and <mask> became the first chairman. The bank was created to disburse soft loans and other forms of credit to the very poor to start their own businesses. Humanist
<mask> was also a well known humanist and misunderstood by some as atheist who opposed the ownership of the schools by churches. <mask>in once said that "black(people) hold onto their God just as the drunken man holds on to the street lamp post—for physical support only." In 2004, the Mayflower School played host to an International Humanist Conference, commemorating the life and work of <mask>in. It was attended by guests from the United States, Africa and Europe. <mask> wrote regularly for the Daily Times, the Nigerian Tribune and The Guardian.Tai Solarin University of education
In November 2005, the Nigerian National Universities Commission (NUC) formally recognised the "Tai Solarin University of Education" (TASUED) Ogun State, as the first specialised university of education, the 27th state university and the 76th university in Nigeria. Works
Towards Nigeria's Moral Self-Government,
Thinking with You. A Message for Young Nigerians. To Mother With Love. Mayflower; the story of a school. Timeless Tai. References

1922 births
1994 deaths
Yoruba educators
Yoruba activists
People from Ogun State
Nigerian atheists
Nigerian activists
Nigerian writers
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
20th-century Nigerian writers
Yoruba writers
English-language writers from Nigeria
Nigerian humanists
Nigerian people of World War II
20th-century Nigerian educators
Prisoners and detainees of Nigeria
Founders of Nigerian schools and colleges
Navigators
Twin people from Nigeria
Fraternal twins
Heads of schools in Nigeria

masks:
Augustus Taiwo
Tai
Solarin
Solarin
Solarin
Kehinde Solarin
Tai Solarin
Solarin
Solarin
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin
Tai
Tai
Solarin
Tai
Tai
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin
Tai Solarin
Tai Solar
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin


title: Eliza Hittman

texts:
<mask> (born December 9, 1979) is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer from New York City. She has won multiple awards for her film Never Rarely Sometimes Always, which include the New York Film Critics Circle Award and the National Society of Film Critics Award—both for best screenplay. Early life

<mask> was born and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn. She grew up with her father, an anthropologist, and her mother, a social worker. As she grew up she attended Edward R. Murrow High School in Brooklyn, where she was a theater buff. She graduated from Indiana University in 2001 with a BA in theater and drama, but later went on to study art and film, and in 2010 received her MFA from the School of Film/Video at California Institute of the Arts. <mask> is Jewish.In between the time of her BA and MFA, <mask> staged plays back in New York City. She didn’t see a future or career in theater. This is jump to film is what ultimately led her to California Institute of the Arts. While at the California Institute of the arts, she met her partner Scott Cummings. They share a child, born circa 2014. Career

In 2010, <mask> wrote and directed a short film while in grad school titled, Second Cousins Once Removed. This short film premiered at Oberhausen festival in Germany, and was the first film she ever submitted to any festival.Her short film Forever's Gonna Start Tonight premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was on Indiewire's "The Best of the Best" list. <mask>'s first feature film, It Felt Like Love, premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival and opened at the IFC Center in New York in March 2014. It has received positive reviews, with a score of 84% on Rotten Tomatoes. It was a Critic's Pick of both The New York Times and the Village Voice. She was named one of Filmmaker Magazine'''s 25 New Faces of Indie Film in 2013. Her second film Beach Rats, was selected for the 2015 Sundance Screenwriter's Lab, had its world premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017, and was acquired by Neon. Her third film, Never Rarely Sometimes Always, is about two teenagers in rural Pennsylvania who travel to New York City to access an abortion for an unwanted pregnancy.It premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival, where it won a Special Jury Award for Neo-Realism. The film was also selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival and won Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize, the second most prestigious prize at the festival. In a 2020 interview with FF2 Media, <mask> explains the balance she struck between documentary cinema vérité and narrative: "[Planned Parenthood] read drafts, gave me access to people to interview, and allowed us to shoot in their facility. It was a balance, I think, because obviously, I'm not a documentary filmmaker. The film is ultimately a character study. I really tried to absorb as much perspective and information as I could but then sort of shape it into a unique fictional story." As far as future work, in an interview from 2020, Hittman says she has "something simmering inside my head."Style and themes
<mask> has been noted to make films that surround teen sexuality and female hardships. Her first feature film It Felt Like Love has its plot embedded in the sexualization of a young teenage girl and how she navigates a world of predatory men. Her second film Beach Rats is a story that highlights the idea of masculinity in young men and their sexual interests. Her most recent film, Never Rarely Sometimes Always, follows two girls on their struggle to get an abortion. In terms of visuals, <mask>’s camera work tends to frame the characters very closely, usually in long takes. Filmography
 Film

 Television

 Short films

Accolades
In 2014, for It Felt Like Love, she was nominated for the Bingham Ray Breakthrough Director Award, and for the John Cassavetes Spirit Award. With her sophomore film, Beach Rats, in 2017 <mask> won the Directing Award: Dramatic at the Sundance Film Festival, Best Screenwriting in a U.S.Feature at Outfest, the Grand Jury Prize at the Independent Film Festival Boston, and the Future/Now Prize at the Montclair Film Festival. Beach Rats was nominated for several more awards during its premiere season. In 2017, Beach Rats premiered in the US Dramatic Competition at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival, where she won the Directing Award, and internationally premiered at Locarno in the Golden Leopard Competition and was the Centerpiece Film at New Directors / New Films. In 2018, it was nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Male Lead at the Independent Spirit awards and a Breakthrough Actor Award for the Gothams Awards.Beach Rats was also the winner of the Best Narrative Film at the 2017 Independent Film Festival of Boston, the Best Feature Film at the 2017 Hamburg Film Festival, and the Outstanding Screenwriting in a U.S. Feature at the L.A. Outfest Awards.. This film was very accomplished in 2017. She was a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship for film-video in 2018.In 2020, <mask> was nominated for and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay for Never Rarely Sometimes Always''. She also won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay. In 2021, she was selected as Jury President for International competition section of 74th Locarno Film Festival held from 4 to 14 August. See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

External links

American women film directors
American women screenwriters
American people of Jewish descent
Jewish American screenwriters
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Edward R. Murrow High School alumni
Film directors from New York City
Indiana University alumni
Living people
People from Flatbush, Brooklyn
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Sundance Film Festival award winners
Writers from Brooklyn
American television directors
American women television directors
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American screenwriters
1979 births
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Eliza Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman


title: Samuel Howitt

texts:
<mask> (1756/57–1822) was an English painter, illustrator and etcher of animals, hunting, horse-racing and landscape scenes. He worked in both oils and watercolors. Life and work

<mask> was a member of an old Nottinghamshire Quaker family. In early life he lived at Chigwell, near Epping Forest, Essex, was financially independent and devoted himself to field sports. However he ran into financial difficulties and was obliged to turn to art as a profession - which up until then he had engaged in as a talented amateur. Coming to London, he was for a time a drawing master at <mask>'s school in Ealing. In 1783, he exhibited 3 coloured drawings of hunting subjects with the Incorporated Society of Artists.From time to time he continued to exhibit there and at the Royal Academy, beginning in 1784 with a hunting piece, followed in 1785 by two landscapes - "A view of the ruins of an abbey" and "Fairlop Oak". In 1793 he showed "Jaques and the Deer" and "A Fox Hunt"; in 1794, "Smugglers alarmed"; in 1800, two  pictures titled "Deer"; in 1814 "Dead game"; and in 1815, "Bella, horrida Bella". He probably exhibited so little because he was in such demand as a commercial illustrator. <mask> worked both in oils and water-colours, for the most part confining himself to sporting subjects and illustrations of natural history, which were carefully executed, spirited and truthful. These, as <mask> represented in his New Work of Animals, were “drawn from the life" and published so as to "assist the pencil of the designer who has not had an opportunity to pay the same attention to this branch of the art”. However, notes in one sketchbook containing watercolours of apes and monkeys indicate that, while some there certainly were viewed in private menageries, others were studies of stuffed specimens from William Bullock’s museum and the British Museum. <mask> was closely associated in his art with Thomas Rowlandson, whose sister he married, and his works did, at one time, often pass for those of his brother-in-law; but, unlike Rowlandson, he was a practical sportsman, and his scenes were more accurately composed.He was a clever and industrious etcher, and published a great number of plates similar in character to his drawings, and delicately executed with a fine needle. He also produced a number of caricatures in the manner of Rowlandson. <mask> was particularly noted for the illustrations in (Captain) Thomas Williamson's Oriental Field Sports (1807), based on sketches made by the author in India . He also illustrated several other works: Thoughts on Hunting (London: D. Bremner, 1798), Other publications included Miscellaneous Etchings of Animals (50 plates, 1803); British Field Sports (20 coloured plates, 1807); The Angler's Manual (12 plates, 1808); A New Work of Animals (100 plates, 1811); Groups of Animals (24 plates, 1811); The British Sportsman (70 plates, 1812); Foreign Field Sports (110 plates, 1819). In 1822 <mask> died in Somers Town, London, and was buried in St. Pancras cemetery. A new work of animals
Some idea of <mask>’s ingenuity and commercial resourcefulness can be gained from considering his compilation of A New Work of Animals, a series of copper engravings in quarto format “principally designed from the fables of Aesop, Gay and Phaedrus”. The idea of an album of animal portraits is presented in a prefatory note as a new venture  that “strange as it may appear, has never before been done by any British artist”.<mask> “has preferred representing most of the animals in fables, as allowing more scope for delineating the expression, the character and the passions,” and he hopes that, by being "studious to attain correctness, he may deserve the approbation of the natural historian" and instruct fellow painters. This will explain why, out of a hundred plates, only 56 illustrate fables, the rest being of animal or hunting subjects. For the text of the fables, <mask> had extracted those of Aesop (and Phaedrus) from the prose collection of <mask>, including his lengthy moralising "applications". John Gay's fables are in rhyme and only account for 27 pages out of 106 of text. Separate plates were bound in sideways opposite the title, followed by one of the supplementary illustrations. However, beneath the title of each plate there is an inscription indicating that some of these were designed in the years 1809-10, antedating the publication of the book itself in 1811 and suggesting that they were sold separately at that date, and probably afterwards too. Since fables carried a moral, they had wider popular appeal than elitist sporting subjects and could be mounted on walls for the edification of whoever saw them.Such plates were available in both black and white and in tinted versions. In addition, <mask> also created watercolours from the designs that were sold with the moral printed round the card mount. In this way, from a single work the artist was able to extract three sources of income. A second edition of the whole book was published in 1818. <mask>'s plates were also to be republished after his death. Further evidence of the esteem in which his work continued to be held was the use made of six illustrations as the basis of the Mintons, Hollins set of Aesop's Fables tiles, first issued in 1870, sixty years later. These included “The Tortoise and the Hare”, “The Cock, the Dog and the Fox”, “The Sick Stag”, “The Boar and the Fox”, “The Bear and the Travellers” and “The Bear and the Bees”.References

Bibliography (selected)
Illustrated by Howitt:
 Oriental Field Sports: Being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East; and Exhibiting, in a Novel and Interesting Manner, the Natural History of the Elephant, the Rhinoceros, the Tiger, the Leopard, the Bear, the Deer, the Buffalo, the Wolf, the Wild Hog, the Jackall, the Wild Dog, the Civet, and Other Undomesticated Animals: As Likewise the Different Species of Feathered Game, Fishes, and Serpents, London 1807, Volume 1
Groups of Animals, Containing Forty-four Plates, Drawn from the Life and Etched, London 1811
A New Work of Animals, London 1811; a better and more complete copy is accessible in the Online Archive
Foreign Field Sports, Fisheries, Sporting Anecdotes,&c, London 1819

External links

Works by <mask> (Heatons of Tisbury)
<mask>itt online (ArtCyclopedia)
Howitt on Artnet

Animal artists
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English watercolourists
Landscape artists
People from Nottinghamshire
1756 births
1822 deaths
People from Chigwell

masks:
Samuel Howitt
Howitt
Samuel Goodenough
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Howitt
Samuel Croxall
Howitt
Howitt
Samuel Howitt
Samuel How