title: Donald Fisher

texts:
<mask> (September 3, 1928 – September 27, 2009) was an American billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He co-founded The Gap Inc. clothing stores with his wife Doris F<mask>. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California to a Jewish family, the eldest of three sons of <mask> (née Emanuel) and <mask>, a cabinetmaker. He spent his childhood in the then-middle-class Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco,

In 1951, <mask> graduated with a B.S. in business administration from the University of California, Berkeley. He is an alumnus of the Theta Zeta chapter of the national fraternity Delta Kappa Epsilon. After school, he served as a U.S.Naval Reserve  as an officer and then worked for his father as a cabinet-maker for L. & E. Emanuel Incorporated, a mill and cabinet making firm created by his great-grandfather that his mother inherited after her father died. In the 1960s <mask> started his own business renovating hotels and bought the Capitol Park Hotel in Sacramento fortuitously leasing some retail space to Levi Strauss & Co. which opened a showroom. Lou Romanello, who managed the Levi store first had the idea for a “Wall of Levi’s” containing many different sizes, something that had not been done before in department stores of the time. After unsuccessfully trying to return a pair of Levi's jeans that did not fit, he noticed that most department stores only carried a few sizes, <mask> realized Lou was onto something. <mask> invited Romanello to partner with him, but Lou, a second generation Italian immigrant with an 8th grade education was loyal to Levi Strauss, and turned him down. <mask> and his wife went on to open their first store carrying all sizes of jeans and named it the Gap after the "Generation Gap." The store sold Levi's jeans as well as records and tapes in order to  capture the 12-to-25-year-old target market.In 1972, the Fishers launched the Gap label, becoming the first chain in retail history to use its store name as the brand name. The Gap was a resounding success and filed for an IPO in 1973. They went on to purchase Banana Republic, a small, two store mail-order catalogue business; and also founded Old Navy which reached $1 billion in sales in four years. <mask> served as CEO until 1995, Chairman of the Board until 2004, and as company director and Chairman Emeritus until his death. According to Forbes magazine, his net worth was estimated to be US$3.3 billion. <mask> was a founding Board Member of the Presidio Trust (the public corporation that runs the Presidio of San Francisco), a post nominated by the President of the United States. He was married to Doris Feigenbaum, and was a long-time member of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.Their three sons continue to manage the business. He was a non-executive director of Vodafone from 1999–2000. Philanthropy
<mask> was active in several public education causes, including being a major contributor to KIPP charter schools—a national network of low-income, high-achieving college preparatory public charter schools: he was the chairman of the board of trustees of the KIPP Foundation, the non-profit central organization of the KIPP network. He was also a contributor to Teach For America, GreatSchools.net, and EdVoice, a statewide coalition of California business leaders and others who support education reform. <mask> also served on the California State Board of Education. <mask> and his family donated a generous sum of money to Princeton University in 2006, and the Fisher Hall dormitory at Princeton's new residential college, Whitman College, is named for him. He has also donated to charter schools and museums in San Francisco, including the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and paid for public sculptures in San Francisco.In 2007, <mask> was honored as the Alumnus of the Year by the California Alumni Association at the University of California, Berkeley. He also contributed to many Bay Area Jewish causes, including the Jewish Community Center of San Francisco and the S.F.-based Jewish Community Federation and Endowment Fund. Art collection
Since founding the Gap in 1969, <mask> and his wife Doris began collecting contemporary Western art. In 1993, ARTnews Magazine declared <mask> one of the top ten art collectors in the world. His collection, largely housed at the Gap headquarters in San Francisco, includes comprehensive, career-spanning works by Andy Warhol, Alexander Calder and Roy Lichtenstein, Ellsworth Kelly, Gerhard Richter, Anselm Kiefer, Chuck Close, and Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. On August 8, 2007, <mask> announced plans to build a  museum in the San Francisco Presidio, tentatively named the Contemporary Art Museum of the Presidio, to house his art collection. The museum, if it had been built, would have been larger than the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMoMA).However, the plan engendered widespread skepticism and even outright antagonism among some historic preservationists in San Francisco. In July 2009, <mask> announced that he and his wife were abandoning their efforts to build the museum at San Francisco's Presidio, stating "Doris and I will take some time to consider the future of our collection and other possible locations for a museum, which could include other sites within the Presidio and elsewhere." In September 2009, <mask> and <mask> decided to enter into a partnership with SFMOMA to display the collection. Awards and honors
Philanthropy Hall of Fame
1991: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
2011: California Hall of Fame

Death
One day after the San Francisco Chronicle article on the SFMOMA partnership, the Chronicle reported that <mask> died of cancer at home on Sunday morning, September 27, 2009. References

External links

GAP Official Website
Don Fisher Daily Telegraph obituary
Gap Inc. Don Fisher biography
KIPP Foundation

1928 births
2009 deaths
American billionaires
American businesspeople in retailing
American company founders
American fashion businesspeople
California Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Jewish American philanthropists
Haas School of Business alumni
Vodafone people
20th-century American philanthropists
Fisher family
Gap Inc. people
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

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Sydney Fisher
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Doris Fisher
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title: Martin Rice

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 7 March 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Exmouth Town. He spent most of his early professional career at Exeter City and has since played for their rivals Torquay United and non-League side Truro City. <mask> rejoined Torquay in 2011 but failed to feature in a league match in 2011–12; he finally made his first league appearance since rejoining the club in November 2012. Career

Exeter City

Born in Exeter, <mask> came through the youth scheme at Exeter City, his hometown club, being promoted from the youth team to the senior side in July 2003. <mask> began his professional career with the Grecians, making his debut aged 17, and spent four seasons at the club. He made his debut in a 3–2 win against Barnet on 7 October 2003. In his first season, 2003–04, he made five league appearances and two FA Cup appearances.He improved on this record in 2004–05, making 18 appearances in all competitions. <mask> was sent off in Exeter's 3–2 win over Dagenham & Redbridge on 7 December 2004, after fouling Dagenham forward Craig Mackail-Smith. However, in 2005–06, <mask> only made five appearances, and despite making 27 league appearances the next season, he moved to Torquay United in 2007–08 after reaching the end of his contract with Exeter. <mask> played a significant role in the Grecians' run to the Conference play-offs, and played in both of Exeter's semi-final ties with Oxford United. Exeter lost 1–0 in the home leg on 4 May 2007, but managed to win 2–1 in the away leg to send the match to a penalty-shoot out. <mask> saved Barry Quinn's penalty as Exeter won 4–3 in the shoot-out. <mask> returned to St James Park in May 2011 to play for an Exeter XI in Adam Stansfield's testimonial.Since leaving Exeter he has also worked for the club's Football in the Community Trust, running goalkeeper coaching courses in February 2010. Torquay United
<mask>'s first spell with Torquay United resulted in nine league appearances, in a side that had just been relegated to the Conference National for the first time. <mask> failed to establish himself as a regular in the side and was mostly used as backup to the more experienced Canadian goalkeeper Simon Rayner. <mask> made more appearances in various cup competitions, amassing 11 cup appearances (including three FA Cup games) in total and 20 appearances for the season in all competitions. One of these cup appearances was in the FA Trophy 2007–08 Final against Ebbsfleet United, where Torquay lost 1–0. <mask> gave away a penalty after bringing down future teammate Chris McPhee, but made amends by saving the resulting spot-kick to keep the scores level. In a 2012 interview, <mask> hailed the penalty stop as "the best save I ever made – especially as I'd given the pen away!".He had also played in Torquay's FA Trophy semi-final first-leg win over York City, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 win, and the second-leg defeat to York on 15 March 2008. <mask> was loaned to Truro City for the majority of the 2008–09 season, returning towards the end of the season to be part of Torquay's play-off squad. He was an unused substitute in Torquay's 2–0 2009 Conference National play-off Final victory over Cambridge United on 17 May 2009. <mask> agreed a new one-year deal with Torquay to stay at Plainmoor as they made their return to the Football League. However, he lasted just three months into the contract. After impressing coaches at Truro during his loan spell, <mask> left for Cornwall on a free transfer on 29 September 2009 after being released by Torquay. Truro City
In his loan spell with City in 2008–09, <mask> made 20 league appearances, even scoring a goal in the process.With Truro 3–0 up against Abingdon United in injury time in February 2009, they were awarded a penalty. <mask> was given the honours and duly converted, for the only goal of his career so far. <mask> kept five clean sheets in his loan spell. He was unable to play in FA Cup or FA Trophy games for Truro whilst on loan, and Torquay had a 24-hour recall on the goalkeeper. After impressing on loan from Torquay, <mask> signed a permanent deal with Truro a few games into the 2009–10 season; Truro registered the goalkeeper on 1 September 2009. Because he had dropped into non-League football, <mask> found himself a part-time footballer and worked on a building site to supplement his income. <mask> actually made fewer appearances in his first season as a full Truro player, playing 12 games compared to 20 when he was on loan.Two of these appearances were against Mangotsfield United and Maidenhead United in the FA Cup qualifying stages, but the rest of his appearances came in the league. <mask>'s second full season at City was more successful, as he made 37 appearances in all competitions. Five of these appearances came in cup competitions, namely three games in the FA Trophy and two in the FA Cup qualifying rounds. <mask> enjoyed more success in the league, keeping an impressive 14 clean sheets in 32 games. This rate of almost a clean sheet every other game was a step up from 2008–09, when the custodian only managed an average of one every four games. During his time at the club, <mask> helped the White Tigers to the Conference South, after they had been in the Southern Football League prior to his arrival. In the 2010–11 season, <mask> kept six clean sheets as Truro went on a 10-game unbeaten run.He made his last appearance for Truro in a 3–2 loss to Falmouth Town on 12 July 2011, in the Aubrey Wilkes Trophy, just three days before he left for Torquay. In total, <mask> made 69 appearances in all competitions for Truro. <mask>'s contract with Truro stated that if a league club wanted to buy <mask>, he would be allowed to leave. New Torquay manager <mask> heard about this clause and decided to sign <mask> as cover for first-choice goalkeeper Bobby Olejnik. Return to Torquay

2011–12

After two seasons with Truro, <mask> returned to Torquay as one of new manager <mask>'s first signings, with the deal being completed on 15 July 2011 and United registering the player on 30 July. <mask> was likely to be backup to Austrian goalkeeper Bobby Olejnik, who was signed from Falkirk at around the same time. <mask> made his second debut for the Gulls in the 2–0 friendly win over Bristol City, coming on at half-time for Olejnik.<mask> missed the following friendly against his old club Exeter City, which resulted in a 3–0 win for the Gulls. However, he conceded his first goals in his second spell for Torquay in the 3–1 friendly loss to Burnley. <mask> scored an unfortunate own goal in this match to make it 3–1 to Burnley. Bobby Olejnik began the season as Torquay's first-choice goalkeeper. <mask> was limited to reserve team football, including a 1–0 win against Yeovil Town reserves in which he kept a clean sheet, and the 3–1 loss to Brighton & Hove Albion reserves. He made his competitive debut for Torquay in the Football League Trophy on 30 August 2011 in the Gulls' 2–1 loss to Cheltenham Town. <mask> had to wait until 10 January 2012 for his next first team appearance, playing in United's Devon Bowl quarter–final against Willand Rovers.Torquay eventually won the game on penalties, with <mask> saving one of Willand's seven efforts, but <mask> had his spot–kick saved.<mask> suffered a groin strain soon afterwards and missed Torquay reserves' 3–2 loss to Bournemouth reserves on 17 January 2012. He was replaced in goal by youth team goalkeeper Aaron Ibbetson. <mask> returned as first–choice goalkeeper for the reserves in their final Combination League fixture of the season, a 4–2 loss to Forest Green Rovers on 31 January 2012. The goalkeeper played in United's 1–1 friendly draw with Tiverton Town on 15 February 2012, and despite his performance being described as "outstanding" by <mask>, <mask> was at fault for Tiverton's goal. On 21 February 2012, <mask> played in Torquay's 3–0 loss to non-League Buckland Athletic in the quarter-finals of the Devon Bowl. <mask> faced former club Exeter City on 27 February 2012 in a 1–1 friendly draw. He featured in Torquay's 1–1 friendly draw with Bideford AFC on 2 May 2012, making a number of important saves to earn a draw for his side.After Torquay lost 2–0 to Cheltenham Town in the away leg of their play–off semi–final, some United fans called for <mask> to be replaced on the bench by a more attacking option. However, Torquay manager <mask> defended his decision to retain the goalkeeper as one of his five substitutes for the home leg, saying "I won't go into the game without <mask> on the bench. If Bobby Olejnik gets injured in the first two minutes, we would be handing it over on a plate by not having a goalkeeper on the bench". At the end of the season, United left-back Kevin Nicholson nominated <mask> as "Player of the Season" for his attitude and enthusiasm, which was also praised by Ling: "The enthusiasm and drive he brings to the place is phenomenal...I've been really pleased with how he has done the job as number two." 2012–13

Although Olejnik was sold to Peterborough United in June, <mask> was still expected to begin the 2012–13 season as Torquay's second–choice goalkeeper behind new signing Michael Poke. <mask> made his first pre-season appearance in Torquay's first friendly, playing the opening 45 minutes in a 3–0 defeat of the Royal Marines on 20 July 2012. The goalkeeper was then introduced as a half-time substitute in United's 2–0 victory over Tiverton Town on 24 July.<mask> also played the second 45 minutes of Torquay's 2–1 loss to Leeds United on 27 July. Four days later <mask> returned to St James Park for a 3–3 draw with Exeter City in which he played the full ninety minutes. Once more beginning the league campaign on the bench, <mask> made his first appearance of the 2012–13 season in a 1–1 development game draw with Nike Football Academy on 4 September 2012. On 19 September, <mask> played in another development game, a 2–1 win over AFC Bournemouth. <mask> finally made his first league start for the first-team since rejoining Torquay in a 1–0 loss at Barnet on 6 November 2012, replacing the injured Michael Poke in the second half. With Poke still injured, <mask> made his first ever Football League start and first league start since rejoining Torquay in a 0–0 draw with Oxford United; having made several crucial saves to preserve his team's clean sheet, Ling said the goalkeeper "came through [the game] with flying colours and made some great saves. He can be very proud of himself."<mask> retained his place in the starting line-up for the visit of Southend United on 17 November, but following a 4–1 home defeat, he lost his place to the fit-again Poke. <mask> saved a penalty in United's 3–0 shoot-out win over Liverton United in the Devon Bowl on 4 December 2012; he had earlier been booked and conceded a penalty. He replaced Michael Poke early in the 3–1 defeat to Bradford City on 1 April 2013 after Poke suffered a rib injury. <mask> subsequently played the entirety of Torquay's 1–0 loss at Gillingham on 6 April 2013. Despite not featuring again in United's fight against relegation, on 9 May 2013 the club confirmed that <mask> was one of seven players to be offered a new deal at the end of the season. On 24 May, <mask> agreed a new contract to keep him at Plainmoor for the 2013–14 season. 2013–14
Although new manager Alan Knill also appeared to prefer Poke as the club's first choice goalkeeper, Poke picked up an injury early in pre-season and <mask> therefore played in all of Torquay's friendlies.With Poke still only half-fit, <mask> retained his place for the opening league game of the 2013–14 season against AFC Wimbledon on 3 August 2013; he made several excellent saves in a 1–1 draw and was named Man of the Match. He continued his fine form into Torquay's 1–0 loss at Swindon Town in the Football League Cup on 6 August, saving Alex Pritchard's penalty. Knill described his performance as "exceptional", adding "He looks calm and composed, and I'm really delighted for him. He hasn't always been a professional, so he clings on to it and understands we lead a privileged lifestyle." <mask>'s good form led to him winning the club's August and October Player of the Month awards for his "extravagant saves and solid handling". 2015–present

On 25 April 2015 <mask> departed Torquay United after both parties agreed to go their separate ways. On 3 July 2015 <mask> signed for newly promoted Truro City.<mask> signed for Tiverton Town in June 2017 along with his Truro team-mate Ollie Knowles. He left the club in January 2018, with Tiverton manager Martyn Rogers commenting:"I thought <mask> did well in the first half of the season, I just felt as though for some reason he's just gone off the boil a bit. I think it was affecting the defenders in front of him as well, so we just needed freshening up." The goalkeeper subsequently joined Exmouth Town in March 2018. Personal life
<mask> still lives in Exeter, the place of his birth. He has a son, Korban, of whom <mask> has said "the majority of my spare time is taken up with him". While playing for Truro in 2010–2011, <mask> lived in Topsham, Devon."Career statistics

Updated 15 July 2014

Honours
Truro City
 Southern Football League Division One South & West 2008–09: Champions
 Southern League Premier Division 2010–11: Champions

References

External links

 Profile at Torquay United's official website

Living people
1986 births
English footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Exeter City F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Tiverton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Gosport Borough F.C. players

masks:
Martin John Rice
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Martin Ling
Rice
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Martin Ling
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Martin Ling
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Martin Ling
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title: Gary McKinnon

texts:
<mask> (born 10 February 1966) is a Scottish systems administrator and hacker who was accused in 2002 of perpetrating the "biggest military computer hack of all time", although <mask> himself states that he was merely looking for evidence of free energy suppression and a cover-up of UFO activity and other technologies potentially useful to the public. On 16 October 2012, after a series of legal proceedings in Britain, then Home Secretary Theresa May blocked extradition to the United States. Alleged crime
McKinnon was accused of hacking into 97 United States military and NASA computers over a 13-month period between February 2001 and March 2002, at the house of his girlfriend's aunt in London, using the name 'Solo'. US authorities stated he deleted critical files from operating systems, which shut down the United States Army's Military District of Washington network of 2000 computers for 24 hours. McKinnon also posted a notice on the military's website: "Your security is crap". After the September 11 attacks in 2001, he allegedly deleted weapons logs at the Earle Naval Weapons Station, rendering its network of 300 computers inoperable and paralyzing munitions supply deliveries for the US Navy's Atlantic Fleet. McKinnon was also accused of copying data, account files and passwords onto his own computer.US authorities stated that the cost of tracking and correcting the problems he caused was over $700,000. While not admitting that it constituted evidence of destruction, McKinnon did admit leaving a threat on one computer:

US authorities stated that McKinnon was trying to downplay his own actions. A senior military officer at the Pentagon told The Sunday Telegraph:

Arrest and legal proceedings
McKinnon was first interviewed by police on 19 March 2002. After this interview, his computer was seized by the authorities. He was interviewed again on 8 August 2002, this time by the UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU). In November 2002, <mask> was indicted by a federal grand jury in the Eastern District of Virginia. The indictment contained seven counts of computer-related crime, each of which carried a potential ten-year jail sentence.Extradition proceedings
McKinnon remained at liberty without restriction for three years until June 2005 (until after the UK enacted the Extradition Act 2003, which implemented the 2003 extradition treaty with the United States wherein the United States did not need to provide contestable evidence), when he became subject to bail conditions including a requirement to sign in at his local police station every evening and to remain at his home address at night. If extradited to the U.S. and charged, McKinnon would have faced up to 70 years in jail. He had also expressed fears that he could be sent to Guantanamo Bay. Appeal to the House of Lords
Representing McKinnon in the House of Lords on 16 June 2008, barristers told the Law Lords that the prosecutors had said McKinnon faced a possible 8–10 years in jail per count if he contested the charges (there were seven counts) without any chance of repatriation, but only 37–46 months if he co-operated and went voluntarily to the United States. U.S.-style plea bargains are not a part of English jurisprudence (although it is standard practice to reduce the sentence by one-third for a defendant who pleads guilty). McKinnon's barrister said that the Law Lords could deny extradition if there was an abuse of process: "If the United States wish to use the processes of English courts to secure the extradition of an alleged offender, then they must play by our rules." The House of Lords rejected this argument, with the lead judgement (of Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood) holding that "the difference between the American system and our own is not perhaps so stark as [McKinnon]'s argument suggests" and that extradition proceedings should "accommodate legal and cultural differences between the legal systems of the many foreign friendly states with whom the UK has entered into reciprocal extradition arrangements".Further appeals
McKinnon appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which briefly imposed a bar on the extradition. On 23 January 2009, McKinnon won permission from the High Court to apply for a judicial review against his extradition. On 31 July 2009, the High Court announced that McKinnon had lost this appeal. British government blocks extradition
On 16 October 2012, then-Home Secretary Theresa May announced to the House of Commons that the extradition had been blocked, saying that:Mr McKinnon is accused of serious crimes. But there is also no doubt that he is seriously ill ... He has Asperger's syndrome, and suffers from depressive illness. Mr McKinnon's extradition would give rise to such a high risk of him ending his life that a decision to extradite would be incompatible with Mr McKinnon's human rights.She stated that the Director of Public Prosecutions would determine whether McKinnon should face trial before a British court.On 14 December, the DPP, Keir Starmer, announced that McKinnon would not be prosecuted in the United Kingdom, because of the difficulties involved in bringing a case against him when the evidence was in the United States. Judicial review
In January 2010, Mr Justice Mitting granted McKinnon a further judicial review of the decision of Home Secretary Alan Johnson to allow McKinnon's extradition. Mitting distinguished two issues which were arguable, the first being whether psychiatrist Jeremy Turk's opinion that McKinnon would certainly commit suicide if extradited means that the Home Secretary must refuse extradition under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (which prevents a public authority from acting in a way incompatible with convention rights). The second was whether Turk's opinion was a fundamental change to the circumstances that the courts had previously considered and ruled upon. Mitting ruled that if the answer to both questions was "Yes", then it was arguable that it would be unlawful to allow the extradition. Support for McKinnon
In early November 2008, eighty British MPs signed an Early Day Motion calling for any custodial sentence imposed by an American court to be served in a prison in the UK. On 15 July 2009, many voted in Parliament against a review of the extradition treaty.In November 2008, the rock group Marillion announced that it was ready to participate in a benefit concert in support of McKinnon's struggle to avoid extradition to United States. The organiser of the planned event was Ross Hemsworth, an English radio host. No date had been set as of November 2008. Many prominent individuals voiced support, including Sting, Trudie Styler, Julie Christie, David Gilmour, Graham Nash, Peter Gabriel, The Proclaimers, Bob Geldof, Chrissie Hynde, David Cameron, Boris Johnson, Stephen Fry, and Terry Waite. All proposed that, at least, he should be tried in the UK. In August 2009, Glasgow newspaper The Herald reported that Scots entrepreneur Luke Heron would pay £100,000 towards McKinnon's legal costs in the event he was extradited to the US. In a further article in The Herald, Joseph Gutheinz, Jr., a retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent, voiced his support for McKinnon.Gutheinz, who is also an American criminal defence attorney and former Member of the Texas Criminal Justice Advisory Committee on Offenders with Medical and Mental Impairments, said that he feared <mask>on would not find justice in the US, because "the American judicial system turns a blind eye towards the needs of the mentally ill". Web and print media across the UK were critical of the extradition. Janis Sharp, McKinnon's mother, stood as an independent candidate in the 2010 general election in Blackburn in protest against the sitting Labour MP Jack Straw, who was Foreign Secretary when the extradition treaty was agreed. She finished last out of eight candidates with 0.38% of the vote. On 20 July 2010, Tom Bradby, ITN's political editor, raised the <mask>on issue with U.S. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister David Cameron in a joint White House press conference who responded that they had discussed it and were working to find an 'appropriate solution'. Song
In August 2009, Pink Floyd's David Gilmour released an online single, "Chicago - Change the World", on which he sang and played guitar, bass and keyboards, to promote awareness of McKinnon's plight. A re-titled cover of the Graham Nash song "Chicago", it featured Chrissie Hynde and Bob Geldof, plus McKinnon himself.It was produced by long-time Pink Floyd collaborator Chris Thomas and was made with Nash's support. Statements to the media
McKinnon has admitted in many public statements that he obtained unauthorised access to computer systems in the United States including those mentioned in the United States indictment. He states his motivation, drawn from a statement made before the Washington Press Club on 9 May 2001 by the Disclosure Project, was to find evidence of UFOs, antigravity technology, and the suppression of "free energy", all of which he states to have proven through his actions. In an interview televised on the BBC's Click programme, he stated of the Disclosure Project that "they are some very credible, relied-upon people, all saying yes, there is UFO technology, there's anti-gravity, there's free energy, and it's extraterrestrial in origin and [they've] captured spacecraft and reverse engineered it." He said he investigated a NASA photographic expert's claim that at the Johnson Space Center's Building 8, images were regularly cleaned of evidence of UFO craft, and confirmed this, comparing the raw originals with the "processed" images. He stated to have viewed a detailed image of "something not man-made" and "cigar shaped" floating above the northern hemisphere, and assuming his viewing would be undisrupted owing to the hour, he did not think of capturing the image because he was "bedazzled", and therefore did not think of securing it with the screen capture function in the software at the point when his connection was interrupted. Radio play
On 12 December 2007, BBC Radio 4 broadcast John Fletcher's 45-minute radio play about the case, entitled The McKinnon Extradition.See also
 1980 Rendlesham Forest incident
 Adrian Lamo
 Babar Ahmad
 David Carruthers
 Peter Dicks
 Richard O'Dwyer
 Christopher Tappin
 Syed Talha Ahsan
 Lauri Love
 Julian Assange
 United Kingdom–United States relations

References

Further reading

 The Autistic Hacker: <mask>on hacked thousands of government computers by David Kushner, July 2011 IEEE Spectrum

External links

"<mask>on now offering Search Engine Optimisation services"
Support website by <mask>'s mother
Hacker Voice Radio interview with McKinnon
"The Briton facing 60 years in US prison after hacking into Pentagon"
Profile: <mask>on
Dan Bull—Free <mask> (an open letter to the Home Secretary)
Coverage of the <mask> case since 2006
16min video interview on Snotr

1966 births
21st-century Scottish criminals
Living people
Cybercrime
European Court of Human Rights cases involving the United Kingdom
Hackers
Criminals from Glasgow
People with Asperger syndrome
Free energy conspiracy theorists
British conspiracy theorists

masks:
Gary McKinnon
McKinnon
McKinnon
Gary McKinn
Gary McKinn
Gary McKinn
Gary McKinn
Gary McKinnon
Gary McKinn
Gary
Gary McKinnon


title: Walter Leveson

texts:
Sir <mask> (155020 October 1602) was an Elizabethan Member of Parliament and a Shropshire and Staffordshire landowner who was ruined by involvement in piracy and mental illness. Background and education

<mask> was the son of Sir <mask> (died 1560) of Lilleshall Abbey and the grandson of <mask> (died 1547), a Wolverhampton wool merchant who bought Lilleshall in 1539 after the dissolution of the lesser monasteries and built a house on the site. In 1540 <mask> also bought Trentham Priory, another recently dissolved Augustinian house, and in 1543 the manor of Lilleshall, a large estate around the abbey site which had formerly been part of the abbey demesne. These formed the nucleus of the family estates. The family name is pronounced  , and could be rendered in many ways in the 16th century, including Lewson, Luson and Lucen. <mask>'s mother was Mary Fitton (1529–1591), daughter of Sir Edward Fitton (died 1548) of Gawsworth, Cheshire, and sister of Sir Edward Fitton (1527–1579) of Gawsworth, a soldier and adventurer who made his fortune in the Tudor conquest of Ireland and rose to be Lord President of Connaught. The family name was sometimes rendered as Futton.<mask> had two sisters, <mask>, who married Sir George Curzon of Croxall, Derbyshire, and <mask>, who married William Sheldon (died 1587), second son of William Sheldon (died 23 December 1570) of Beoley and Mary Willington. Sir <mask> died in 1560, when <mask> was about 8 years old. As a minor whose father held land of the Crown by knight service, <mask> became a royal ward. His wardship was sold to Sir Francis Knollys, whose wife, Catherine Carey, was a cousin of Queen Elizabeth, and who made a fortune from similar royal grants. <mask> did not come into full possession of his family's estates until 1572. <mask> was educated at Shrewsbury School, then a fairly new institution, to which he was admitted in 1562. Landowner
<mask>'s main estates were at Lilleshall and Trentham, although he inherited or acquired many smaller estates and houses.The estates were assessed at £313 at the beginning of his wardship - an income commensurate with landed gentry status. However, <mask> was regionally powerful and influential, not least because he also had lucrative business interests in the North Sea trade - interests which were to prove his undoing. He was ruthless in pursuing his interests in his estates. After a long dispute, he managed to recover possession of Leegomery, near Wellington, Shropshire from his sister Elizabeth and her husband, William Sheldon. <mask>, like all his family, was a vigorous encloser. He did all he could to establish effective control of marginal or disputed lands around his estates. This was especially so in the Weald Moors, a large, extra-parochial area, stretching west of Lilleshall, where tenants in all the surrounding manors had common grazing rights.The landowners all wanted to maximise their profit from the moors by draining and improving them, and were determined to have defined boundaries. In 1574 <mask> and the lord of Kynnersley agreed on a fixed boundary. In 1582 George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, who was lord of Wrockwardine, sold his interest in the moor to <mask> for a perpetual rent. <mask> then set about enclosing and improving so that he could let out separate holdings. Very soon the whole area from Wrockwardine to Kynnersley was enclosed by <mask> or his tenants, apart from a few remaining areas of marshy soil. On <mask>'s estate at Little Wenlock the tenants had access to the woods for timber, although both their tenth and the rest of the woodland were in poor condition because of poor management and constant extraction of timber for building. <mask> enclosed all the woodland, simply abrogating the commoners' rights.Agriculture and animal husbandry were not the only ways to exploit the estates. By 1580 <mask> had water-powered trip hammers at Lubstree on Humber Brook, on the moors near Kynnersley. It seems that these were operated by successive member of the Dawe family. <mask> had a bloomery by a pool in Lilleshall village. He also installed a blast furnace, one of the earliest in the West Midlands, possibly at Donnington Wood, near Wrockwardine, where both wood for charcoal burning and ironstone were available. This was also an area of coal mining, although coal was used for domestic heating rather than industrially. Landed property was the essential foundation for public office, and <mask> was wealthy enough to secure such office very quickly after coming into his estates.In 1575 he was made a Justice of the Peace in Shropshire and within two years he was also a justice in Staffordshire. He was pricked High Sheriff of Shropshire for 1575-6, although it was not until 1586-7 that he became High Sheriff of Staffordshire. By then he had been appointed deputy to Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester in his position as Vice-Admiral of the Coast for North Wales. In 1587 he was knighted. This coincided with the onset of the problems which overwhelmed him with debt in later life. Financial problems forced <mask> increasingly to adopt emergency measures after 1590. In that year he sold two of the smaller estates to Sir Rowland Hayward: Little Dawley and Little Wenlock.However he kept together his main estates at Lilleshall and Trentham, ensuring that they remained part of the Leveson patrimony. <mask> constantly needed ready cash to keep his creditors at bay, and one way of realising the future value of his estates was to sell leases. In the areas of Lilleshall exploited by the open field system, where leases had typically been for periods of 21 years or less, he began to grant longer leases, generally for three lives. He resorted to this strategy also at Weald Moor, selling leases for three lives to his tenants so long as they agreed to maintain the infrastructure of roads, bridges and watercourses. In 1592 he granted 13 leases at Donnington Wood on a single day, this time mainly for short terms, allowing the tenant to clear the enclosed areas for pasture. However, he was in partnership with his brothers-in-law, Vincent and Richard Corbet, to exploit the industrial wealth, so he reserved the right to the timber, underwood and minerals. In the previous year <mask> had leased all his Shropshire ironworks, furnaces, forges, and hammers to his brothers-in-law for 10 years.Parliamentary career

<mask> represented Shropshire in three successive parliaments: those of 1584, 1586–87, and 1589 (elected in 1588). This was a notable record for the period, when landowners in the region were generally reluctant to devote too much time to political business, which could be expensive. <mask>'s father, Sir Richard, had been a knight of the shire for Shropshire. <mask>'s father-in-law, the able and energetic Sir Andrew Corbet, had been vice-president of the powerful Council of Wales and the Marches. The <mask>s and the Corbets together had ample power and wealth in the county to secure the election of their own candidates. As a result, the members of parliament for the county were drawn from a small pool. In 1584 <mask> was elected alongside Francis Bromley, the son of the powerful judge George Bromley and nephew of Thomas Bromley, the Lord Chancellor: both immensely powerful men in the region.In 1586 the other knight of the shire was Richard Corbet, <mask>'s brother-in-law. In 1588 <mask> was placed first in order of precedence over his own son, Sir <mask>. <mask> was to sit in parliament only once more: in 1597-98. This time he sat for Newcastle-under-Lyme. The change of constituency was significant. Overwhelmed by debt, he sought the protection of parliamentary privilege for a few months. As he could no longer depend even on his family and in-laws to support him, he quit Shropshire for Newcastle, his local borough, where, as lord of Trentham, he could exercise unrivalled influence.Decline and fall

The vast change in <mask>'s fortunes began with a complaint in December 1587 that his men had seized goods from Danish vessels at a port in Norway. The principal complainant was one John Paul, who appears to have suffered considerable losses. Denmark–Norway was a single entity held together by a personal union of crowns at this time, and although correspondence about the case is always said to emanate from Christian IV of Denmark, he was actually a minor, and power resided in a regency council until 1596. The delicate situation in Denmark, and the importance of the country as part of an alliance of Protestant powers, made it imperative that the English authorities respond rapidly and in an exemplary manner. The Admiralty court ordered <mask> to pay compensation of £2300, a vast sum, and committed him to prison pending payment. He came to terms with his creditor, and on 25 August 1588 a letter in King Christian's name - but signed by the governors Kaas, Munck, Rosenkrantz, and Valckendorff - was received by the English ambassador in Copenhagen:
"Thanking her Majesty for the restitution promised for a spoil committed by Sir <mask> upon the King's subject John Paul; and praying that the said John, now coming over to receive satisfaction according to the agreement between him and Luson, may be assisted by her Majesty's favour, should Luson seek to make any delays. Also that he may be relieved of all interest and charges."<mask> was out of prison in time to take part in the elections of 7 November 1588. However, this cannot have been the end of the matter. There were clearly other letters from Denmark, and as late as March 1590 a draft reply from England made the point that "Sir <mask>, knight, hath been apprehended for payment to be made unto Paulson the Dane" and that "John Paulson complains against Sir <mask>, now in prison, from whom if so much might be paid as would deliver the poor man from prison it would be some satisfaction." In the meantime there had been further complaints. This time <mask>'s crews were among a number accused of attacking Dutch shipping in the North Sea, and the offences predated the attacks in Norway. "In August and November, 1586, Sir <mask>n's ships spoiled 3 fishing boats and another, all of Holland, off the Scottish coast. Goods worth over 2,850l.sterling taken, and some of the men murdered and buried in the sands near the Isle of Wight, “not as Christians, but as dogs.” No redress yet, despite complaints and letters from the States. “One of them, named John Jacobson Decker, died for mere thought and pensiveness of heart, crying out to his last hour against Sir <mask>n.” Yet Lucen gave satisfaction for a Danish ship spoiled by the same people at about the same time. Despite his promises made before the Lord High Admiral, Lucen will never appear before indifferent judges unless compelled by the Queen or Council's express command." Once again, this was an attack on the shipping of an allied, largely Protestant nation at a time when England was involved in confrontation with Catholic Spain and the French Catholic League. <mask> was far from the only offender, for Sir <mask> is named in the same complaint. However, <mask>'s crew had behaved far worse than others, killing allied sailors. This case too was prolonged by <mask>'s prevarication and broken promises.On 5 July, for example, the States-General of the Netherlands was complaining that he had not even turned up for the arranged hearing. He even failed to appear when summoned by the Privy Council. He did manage to obtain temporary royal protection for part of 1590, and his appearance in parliament in 1597 was part of a similar strategy of avoidance. However, for the rest of his life he was hounded by his creditors. In March 1598, no longer having parliamentary immunity, <mask> was cornered by his creditors at Lambeth, and committed to the Fleet prison. While he was imprisoned, one Robert Wayland accused him of sorcery and other "ungodly practices". The allegations included attempts to poison several people, including his daughter-in-law, Margaret, daughter of Charles, Lord Howard of Effingham, the Lord High Admiral.Embarrassing to his now eminent son, Sir <mask>, and potentially fatal to himself, these allegations alarmed <mask> enough to make him appeal to the most important men in court and government. A letter of December 1598 to Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex was summarised thus for Sir Robert Cecil:
"In extremity of law his property and all monies owing to him are in her Majesty, by reason of some secret outlawries upon malice taken out against him. Although her Majesty does not usually take advantage thereof of her subjects, yet some of his adversaries, because of his last marriage, are confederate to entitle her thereto. For preventing this, prays Essex to move the Queen to grant that property to him (Essex), into whose hands he is willing to put his whole estate, or else to his brother Vernon. Lies imprisoned for debt, but has more money owing to him than his debts amount to, and by suing his own debtors in the Queen's right he can recover the same to satisfy his creditors and pay the fines due for his outlawries." <mask> had come to the conclusion that all his misfortunes were due to some wide-ranging plot against him, although the motives of his persecutors varied in his telling of the tale. Here it was jealousy of his second marriage to Susan Vernon, who was Essex's first cousin.Later he became convinced that his son and one Ethell were at the root of the conspiracy, as he intimated to Cecil in April 1600:
"Let not my letters, I beseech you, be troublesome to you, for out of my grieved soul I write. I desire you that my accuser may come to my face, and if it be Ethell, either send for him into England, or give me leave to send for him. Meantime, I desire you to suspend your opinion of me, and if before his face I do not justify myself an honest man, let me receive the extremest punishment that may be inflicted." By the end of the year, <mask> was telling Cecil that he had "lately fallen ill, which will turn to very great inconvenience, and groweth only by his being closed in a dark melancholy lodging." He died in the Fleet on 20 October 1602, leaving large debts to his son and heir, Richard, who outlived him by less than three years and was often out of the country. The burden of administering the estates thus fell on <mask>'s second cousin, Sir <mask> of Halling, Kent, and subsequently on John's wife, Christian, who was ultimately able to stabilise the situation. It was the son of John and Christian, another <mask> (1598–1661), who was left to inherit what remained of the <mask> fortune.Marriages and family
<mask> married firstly Anne Corbet the daughter of Sir Andrew Corbet of Moreton Corbet and Jane Needham, the daughter of Sir Robert Needham of Shavington, by whom he had his son and heir, Sir <mask>. <mask> married secondly Susan Vernon, also known as Susanna, the granddaughter of George Vernon (d.1555), and the daughter of John Vernon (d.1592) of Hodnet, Shropshire, by Elizabeth Devereux (c.1541-c.1583), the daughter of Sir Richard Devereux (d. 13 October 1547) of Weobley by his wife, Dorothy Hastings, daughter of George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon (1487–1544), by whom he had no issue. Susan was the sister of Elizabeth Vernon, later Countess of Southampton, and Sir Robert Vernon, Comptroller of the Household to Queen Elizabeth I, and a first cousin of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex. Notes

References

External links
Will of <mask>, proved 27 October 1547, National Archives Retrieved 10 April 2013
Will of Sir <mask> of Lilleshall, proved 28 November 1560, National Archives Retrieved 9 April 2013
Will of Dame <mask>, widow, of Lilleshall, proved 29 July 1591, National Archives Retrieved 9 April 2013

1550 births
1602 deaths
People educated at Shrewsbury School
Members of the Parliament of England for Newcastle-under-Lyme
Inmates of Fleet Prison
<mask> (1551-1602)
English landowners
17th-century English people
English MPs 1584–1585
English MPs 1586–1587
English MPs 1589
English MPs 1597–1598
High Sheriffs of Shropshire
High Sheriffs of Staffordshire
People from Telford and Wrekin

masks:
Walter Leveson
Walter Leveson
Richard Leveson
James Leveson
James Leveson
Leveson
Walter Leveson
Mary Leveson
Elizabeth Leveson
Richard Leveson
Walter
Walter
Walter
Walter Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Walter
Walter
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Walter Leveson
Richard Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Walter Luson
Leveson
Walter Leweson
Walter Leweson
Leveson
Walter Luce
Walter Luce
Leveson
Walter Raleigh
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Richard Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Walter
John Leveson
Richard Leveson
Leveson
Leveson
Richard Leveson
Leveson
James Leveson
Richard Leveson
Mary Leveson
Walter Leveson


title: SoCal Val

texts:
Paige Nicole Mayo (born March 27, 1986) is an American professional wrestling valet, occasional professional wrestler, interviewer, ring announcer, model and ringside attendant who is better known by her ring name <mask>. Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (2002–present)
Mayo was approached by a promoter at a wrestling show and offered the possibility of being a manager. She debuted in March 2002 for the Golden State Championship Wrestling independent promotion in Anaheim, California. She acted as the manager of Pinoy Boy. She promptly betrayed him by berating him after he was defeated by Scott Lost and then left with Lost. From the age of fifteen, she acted as a manager, ring girl, and timekeeper. She appeared for several other promotions in Southern California before her family moved across the country to Orlando, Florida when she was sixteen.Mayo developed the character of <mask> <mask>, a wealthy, petulant, ruthless villain, who was based on Stephanie McMahon of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), whom Mayo admired. In addition to working for multiple independent promotions, Mayo appeared with WWE in early 2005 on SmackDown! as part of a vignette featuring Luther Reigns. She regularly appeared with the Orlando-based promotion TNA Wrestling, working variously as a ring girl and merchandise model beginning in June 2005. She appeared at TNA's No Surrender pay-per-view on July 17, 2005 alongside ring announcer Jeremy Borash and used to be an interviewer on the now defunct TNA Global Impact!. As a part of Women's Extreme Wrestling (WEW), <mask> started out as an "executive" under Francine Fournier. <mask> later wrestled Francine in a Kiss My Foot match, which she lost.She later became the General Manager of WEW. In 2007, she starred in RingDivas second feature film, Girls of War. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2006-2013)

In August 2006, <mask> <mask> officially signed with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). On August 18, <mask> <mask> got kicked out by the Women's Extreme Wrestling promotion at their PPV taping event Twisted Steel and Sex Appeal. On the December 14, 2006 episode of Impact!, Kurt Angle dragged her in the ring and threatened to break her ankle until Jim Cornette talked him into letting her go. On the March 8, 2007 episode of Impact!, <mask> <mask> got injured after receiving the Black Hole Slam from Abyss. In 2008, <mask> entered into an on-screen relationship with Jay Lethal with signs of Sonjay Dutt also showing affection for <mask>.Lethal lost his X Division championship to Petey Williams after a Canadian Destroyer on the April 17 episode of Impact!. As part of the storyline, at Slammiversary, <mask> was scheduled to marry Lethal, but their wedding was ruined when Sonjay Dutt claimed he should marry <mask> and attacked Lethal. At No Surrender, <mask> turned heel by giving Lethal a low blow, allowing Dutt to get the victory. In the following weeks, <mask>'s actions were explained by transitioning her character into a gold digger, claiming that Dutt's father was the richest man in India. In 2009, Dutt was released thus ending the storyline. She returned to her previous role as a ring girl on the April 2, 2009 edition of Impact!. She began working as a backstage interviewer beginning on the Sacrifice pre-show.On the October 8, 2009 edition of Impact!, <mask> was briefly assaulted by Awesome Kong, who had come to the ring during Tara's match against ODB with a sledgehammer that she intended to use to kill Tara's pet tarantula, Poison. Although Kong made <mask> position Poison on the floor outside the ring for her to smash with her sledgehammer, Tara was able to attack Kong and stop her from inflicting any damage. In June 2010, <mask> began working as the ring announcer on Xplosion. On August 22, 2013, Mayo announced she had parted ways with TNA. Shine Wrestling (2014–2016)
Mayo joined the Shine Wrestling promotion under the SoCal Val name at SHINE 21 on August 22, 2014, where she debuted as an observer scouting various members of the roster. <mask> established herself as a villainous manager at SHINE 22 as she formed the stable, Valifornia, which consisted of Nevaeh, Marti Belle, and Jayme Jameson, who defeated Kellie Skater, Leva Bates, and Mia Yim at the event. Return to TNA (2015)
In January 2015, <mask> returned to take part in TNA's tour of the United Kingdom, resuming her former duties as a ring announcer.She replaced Christy Hemme, who was unable to make the trip and was not expected to remain with the promotion following the tour. World of Sport Wrestling (2018)
In May 2018, <mask> appeared as a hostess and commentator at tapings for Series 1 of UK television series World of Sport Wrestling. Her first episode debuted on July 28. Other media
In July 2006, <mask> was contacted by Playboy about doing a centerfold for the magazine. She commented about it on her MySpace blog, saying: "It's a very serious thing to consider and the jury is still out on how I am going to handle this one. I've spoken to the people in my life whose opinions I value most, and each has been very supportive. For that I am grateful....but this is one I'm going to have to decide all on my own."She ended up declining the offer. She has, however, posed nude for pinup artist "Hawaiian" Bryan Hey and appears in his 2014 calendar. She has also been in advertisements for Morphoplex. In 2009, <mask> appeared in a video promo for the F.E.A.R. 2: Project Origin game, dressed  as an Armacham FEAR AWAY nurse. She appears as the ring announcer in the opening wrestling sequences of the 2013 film Pro Wrestlers vs. Zombies, which also stars Roddy Piper, Kurt Angle, Matt Hardy, Shane Douglas, and Hacksaw Jim Duggan. In 2019, <mask> became a staff member of the YouTube channel "ScreenStalker", hosting the channel's movie news videos.<mask> has also hosted on the YouTube channel "Wrestletalk". Personal life
On August 31, 2013, Mayo was arrested and charged with DUI and leaving the scene of an accident with property damage in Orlando. She was arrested and released the same day after posting bail of $600. She was later cited and charged with failing to yield to oncoming traffic when making a left turn from that incident. Mayo entered a plea of not guilty and as of September 2018, the case remains ongoing. References

External links

Official Twitter
TNA profile

1986 births
Female models from Texas
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Beverly Hills, California
Sportspeople from Orlando, Florida
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestlers from California
21st-century American women

masks:
SoCal Val
SoCal
Val
Val
Val
SoCal
Val
SoCal
Val
SoCal
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val
Val


title: John Harris Jr. (artist)

texts:
<mask>. (17 November 1791 – 28 December 1873), was an English artist who specialised in pen-and-ink facsimile work, and Masonic catechetical designs. His father was <mask> (1767–1832), the watercolour painter. His son, also <mask>, continued his work after <mask> himself became incapacitated, and after his death. Facsimiles
<mask> earned his income as an artist chiefly from the production of facsimiles, used to replace pages (or entire sections) of books which had been damaged or become decayed. <mask> himself suggested that the process of replacing damaged pages with facsimile reproductions was first popularised by George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer, who commissioned such work through <mask>'s employer, <mask>. The practice of adding pen facsimiles to replace missing pages in early printed books was common in the nineteenth century, especially for "collectors who preferred their works to be prinstine and perfect." During his time working at the British Museum (from 1820 onwards), <mask> repaired or replaced sections of many books in the national collection, and contemporary reports state that his facsimile work was entirely indistinguishable from the original.A British Museum colleague, Robert Cowtan, gave an account of the examination of a book from the national collection by the British Museum's foremost book experts, Messrs Panizzi, Jones, and Watts, and their abject failure to discover the reproduced sections. "After a fruitless search, page by page, the consultation ended in a summons to Mr. <mask> himself to point out the leaves that he had supplied." Cowtan also stated of <mask>, "In this curious art he is probably unrivalled....and some of the leaves that he has supplied are so perfectly done that, after a few years, he has himself been puzzled to distinguish his own work from the original, so perfect has the facsimile been, both in paper and typography." It was because of the success of <mask>'s work that the Trustees of the British Museum enacted a regulation that all facsimile pages added to restored books must be marked with a symbol at the base of the page, so that the librarians of future generations would be able to distinguish original pages from reproductions. It is known that <mask> carried out book restoration work for Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the Grand Master of English Freemasonry. In 1841 the Duke wrote to Albert, Prince Consort (through the Prince Consort's household Treasurer) warmly commending the work of <mask>, and stating that he had "experienced much advantage from his services in my library". Tracing boards
<mask> became a Freemason in 1818, at a time when the United Grand Lodge of England was encouraging all masonic lodges to move from Tracing boards chalked on the floor, or painted onto cloths, towards permanent painted and framed boards, displayed in lodge rooms.<mask> quickly became fascinated by masonic tracing boards, and painted large numbers of boards for each of the three degrees of Freemasonry, in multiple different designs. Many of his boards remain extant, and <mask> made a significant income from designing and selling the boards. In 1823 he dedicated a set of miniature tracing boards to Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge, which further enhanced his reputation. In 1845 the Emulation Lodge of Improvement ran a competition for the design of a standardised set of tracing boards, to be recommended for use in all lodges. <mask> submitted designs for all three degrees, and was the immediate winner of the competition. He made slight alterations, and issued a revised form of the designs in 1849, and these "Emulation" tracing boards are today considered a definitive design in much of the English-speaking world of Regular Masonic jurisdictions. The enormous original boards are still in use by the Emulation Lodge of Improvement, and may be viewed weekly, although they are sealed in protective glass cases.<mask>'s original proof designs for the Emulation boards, and several other designs, are all today in the possession of the Sussex Masonic Museum in Brighton. In 1957 the original <mask> tracing boards, in regular use for well over a century, were found to be falling into a state of decay. They were meticulously restored following an appeal for funds. The boards were found to be painted on mahogany sheets, which were fixed to mahogany panelling by means of 900 countersunk screws (300 per board), with the art painted on the top level and then varnished. During the complex restoration of the cracked and split boards, cracks were filled and stippled with colour-matched paint before a fresh layer of varnish was applied. The restored boards returned to use in October 1957. Private life

<mask> was married in 1820.He and his wife, Mary, had eight children, five of whom died in infancy. Two sons and a daughter survived to adulthood. Their son, also named <mask>, shared in his father's artistic work. <mask> suffered poor health in his advancing years. Following a stroke in 1850 he began to lose his sight, and in 1856 or 1857 became completely blind. He also suffered a further stroke at about the same time, and was severely paralysed. Unable to work, <mask> became impoverished, but was supported by the masonic charitable foundations, chiefly the Asylum for Worthy, Aged, and Decayed Freemasons, which became part of the later Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution (RMBI).In his latter years <mask> wrote some poetry, including pieces in praise of masonic charity, and some of his work was published. <mask> and his wife lived in the RMBI residential home at East Croydon, where he died on 28 December 1873. He was buried in Queen's Road Cemetery, Croydon, where his wife was later also interred. Owing to their impoverished lifestyle their grave was not marked with a stone, and its location was eventually lost. Following research the site of the grave was rediscovered in 2016, and Surrey Freemasons, led in particular by the members of the Croydon Lodge of Endeavour No. 7315, purchased the grave plot from Croydon London Borough Council and had a headstone erected. The stone follows the dimensions of a <mask> tracing board, topped with a Victorian gothic arch.It is engraved with <mask> and Mary's names, and masonic symbols, together with a coded message written in the masonic cypher used by <mask> on his tracing board designs. The stone was dedicated during a Church of England graveside service in September 2018, attended by Freemasons representing the Province of Surrey, the United Grand Lodge of England, and the Emulation Lodge of Improvement. References

External links

1791 births
1873 deaths
English artists

masks:
John Harris Jr
John Harris
John Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
John Whittaker
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
John Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
John
Harris


title: Michael Harrison (musician)

texts:
<mask> is an American contemporary classical music composer and pianist living in New York City. He was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 2018–2019. Early years
Born in Bryn Mawr, PA, <mask> grew up in Eugene, OR, where his father, <mask> was a professor of mathematics at the University of Oregon and a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1963–1964. As a child and teenager, he spent summers in both Chatham and Concord, MA with his grandfather, George R<mask>, a professor of experimental physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1930), and Dean of Science (1942–64). He studied piano from the age of 6, composition from the age of 17, and North Indian classical vocal music from the age of 18, and attended Phillips Academy Andover. Early passions also included backpacking and mountain climbing in the Oregon Cascades and Himalayas, downhill and cross-country skiing, and chess. He graduated from the University of Oregon with a B.M.in Composition, where he later received the Distinguished Alumnus of the Year Award, and then moved to New York City to study with La Monte Young through a Dia Art Foundation Apprenticeship-in Residency. He later received an M.M. in composition from the Manhattan School of Music, studying with Reiko Fueting. Career
In 1986, <mask> designed and produced the "harmonic piano", an extensively modified grand piano with the ability to play 24 notes per octave. Critic Kyle Gann referred to it as "an indisputable landmark in the history of Western tuning". The instrument is described in the second edition of the Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. <mask> has been a serious student of Indian music, first as a disciple of master Indian vocalist Pandit Pran Nath (1979–1996), and currently, a protégé of Ustad Mashkoor Ali Khan (1999–present).He is also the co-founder and president of the American Academy of Indian Classical Music (AAICM). Academic appointments
<mask> has been on faculty at the Rhode Island School of Design, Manhattan School of Music’s Contemporary Performance Program, and the Bang on a Can Summer Institute at MASS MoCA. He is music director at Arts, Letters & Numbers. 2 (Hijaz Bhairav) for cello and guitar (premiere: Ashley Bathgate and Mak Grgic), 2014; version for cello and piano (premiere: Maya Beiser and <mask>, Atlas Center for Performing Arts), 2013
Hijaz for SATB chorus, cello, piano, tabla & percussion (commissioned by Francisco Núñez, premiere: American Choral Director's Association Director's Choir, Florida Theatre), 2013
Revelation Remix for electronics with prepared piano in just intonation, 2013
Bhimpalasi (Rendition of a Raga) for Indian vocals, just intonation piano, cello, vibes, and tabla, 2013
Just Ancient Loops for multi-track cellos with film by Bill Morrison (commissioned by MELA Foundation, premiere: Maya Beiser, Bang on a Can Marathon), 2012
Chant for string quartet (premiere: JACK Quartet, Metropolitan Museum of Art), 2012
Bragdon's Pavillion – multi media installation with artist Loris Greaud, Centre Pompidou, 2011
Raga Prelude No. 1 for vocal quintet, 1981
Choral Work No. 2 for vocal quintet, 1981
Crystal Kyrie for two sopranos and 13 tuned crystal goblets (premiere: American Festival of Microtonal Music), 1979
Zikr for SATB chorus with soprano soloist, 1979
Atlantis for flute, clarinet, piano and tabla, 1979
Call of the Beloved for soprano, flute, harp and piano, 1979
Dance of the Sorcerers for flute, cello, piano, tabla and tamboura, 1978
Sonnet XVIII for alto and piano, 1977

References

Works cited

Further reading

 <mask>, <mask>. 2007."Revelation". Program Notes. Revelation. Various Performances. Print. <mask>, <mask>. 2015–16.“Just Constellations". Program Notes. Just Constellations. Various Performances. Print. <mask>, <mask>. 2016."Harmonic Constellations". Program Notes. Harmonic Constellations. Various Performances, 2016. Print. Huizenga, Tom, and Anastasia Tsioulcas. 2012."Top 10 Classical Albums Of 2012". NPR (December 13). Isacoff, Stuart. “Revelation”. Program Notes. Revelation. Various Performances, 2007.Print. External links
 <mask> Official Site
 Cantaloupe Music Artist Page

University of Oregon alumni
Manhattan School of Music alumni
Pupils of La Monte Young
Pupils of Pran Nath (musician)
American male classical composers
Contemporary classical music performers
Composers for piano
American classical composers
Postmodern composers
Minimalist composers
Microtonal composers
Electroacoustic music composers
Just intonation composers
Indian classical composers
Hindustani composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
21st-century American composers
21st-century American male musicians
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1958 births

masks:
Michael Harrison
Harrison
David Kent Harrison
. Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Michael Harrison
Harrison
Michael
Harrison
Michael
Harrison
Michael
Michael Harrison


title: Antonin Décarie

texts:
<mask> (born 2 December 1982 in Laval, Quebec) is a retired Canadian professional boxer who fought out of Montreal. He was signed to Eye of the Tiger Management and trained by Marc Ramsay. He went 31-2 as a professional. Amateur career

Having started boxing at fourteen, following the example of his step-father before him. He then proceeded to numerous national and international fights over the years. Décarie boxed in the 2002 Commonwealth Games, 2003 Pan American Games and he was Lightweight Canadian champion in 2001, 2002 and 2004. Professional career

<mask> turned professional in 2005.He won the NABF Welterweight title in 2012, following a technical knockout over Alex Perez. The fight was broadcast on Boxing After Dark from HBO. However, he lost his next fight by unanimous decision to Luis Carlos Abregu. The confrontation, which took place at José Amalfitani Stadium in Buenos Aires, was for the vacant WBC Silver Welterweight championship. Professional boxing record

|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|31 wins (10 knockouts), 2 losses, 0 draws, 0 no contests
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res. |- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|27-1
|align=left| Alex Perez
|TKO|| 6 (10) ||2012-09-29
|align=left| MGM Grand at Foxwoods Resort, Mashantucket, Connecticut
|align="left"|Won vacant WBC-NABF welterweight title
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|26-1
|align=left| Victor Lupo Puiu
|UD|| 12 ||2011-12-17
|align=left| Colisée Pepsi, Quebec City, Quebec
|align=left|Won vacant WBC International Welterweight title. |- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|25-1
|align=left| Shamone Alvarez
|UD|| 10 ||2011-02-11
|align=left| Bell Centre, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|24-1
|align=left| Irving Garcia
|MD|| 10 ||2010-10-29
|align=left| Bell Centre, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Loss
|23-1
|align=left| Souleymane M'baye
|UD|| 12 ||2010-05-28
|align=left| Palais des Sport Marcel Cerdan, Levallois-Perret, Hauts-de-Seine
|align=left|Lost vacant interim WBA World Welterweight title.|- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|23-0
|align=left| Terrance Cauthen
|TKO|| 10 (10) ||2009-10-03
|align=left| Montreal Casino, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|
|- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|22-0
|align=left| Victor Hugo Castro
|UD|| 12 ||2009-06-06
|align=left| Montreal Casino, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|Retained WBO NABO Welterweight title. |- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|21-0
|align=left| Dorin Spivey
|UD|| 12 ||2009-01-30
|align=left| Bell Centre, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|Retained WBO NABO Welterweight title. |- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|20-0
|align=left| Hector Munoz
|TKO|| 12 (12) ||2008-10-04
|align=left| Montreal Casino, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|Retained WBO NABO Welterweight title. |- style="text-align:center;"
|Win
|19-0
|align=left| Brian Camechis
|UD|| 12 ||2008-05-03
|align=left| Montreal Casino, Montréal, Quebec
|align=left|Won vacant WBO NABO Welterweight title. References

Antonin Décarie expéditif:The Guardian

External links

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Laval, Quebec
Welterweight boxers
Canadian male boxers
Boxers at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for Canada
Boxers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Canada

masks:
Antonin Décarie
Décarie


title: Boris Valábik

texts:
<mask> (born February 14, 1986) is a Slovak former professional ice hockey defenceman and current television presenter. Valábik was drafted in the first round, tenth overall, of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers and played 80 regular season games for the Thrashers. Junior hockey

Kitchener Rangers (2003–2006)
After playing the 2002–03 season with HC Nitra U-20 team in his hometown of Nitra, Valábik was drafted by the Kitchener Rangers of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) in the first round, 48th overall, in the 2003 CHL Import Draft. Valábik played in his first career OHL game on September 19, 2003, as he was held pointless in a 10–4 victory over the Plymouth Whalers. He earned his first career OHL point on October 17, 2003, an assist in a 6–2 loss to the Owen Sound Attack. Valábik scored his first career OHL goal on November 7, 2003, against Josh Disher of the Erie Otters in an 8–1 win. He finished the 2003–04 season with 3 goals and 16 points in 68 games, as well as accumulating 118 penalty minutes, helping the Rangers make the playoffs.In the post-season, <mask> was held pointless in five games as Kitchener were eliminated by the Plymouth Whalers in the Western Conference quarter-finals. After the season, Valábik was named to the OHL All-Rookie Team. Valábik struggled offensively in the 2004–05 season, as he earned only 4 assists in 43 games during the season, as well as recording 231 penalty minutes. In 15 playoff games, Valábik was held off the scoresheet, as the Rangers eventually lost to the London Knights in the Western Conference finals. <mask> returned to Kitchener for his final season in 2005–06, where in 52 games, he scored 1 goal and 10 points, as well as accumulated 216 penalty minutes, as Kitchener made the post-season once again. In the playoffs, Valábik recorded two assists in five games as the club lost to the Owen Sound Attack in the Western Conference quarter-finals. Professional career

Atlanta Thrashers (2004–2011)
<mask> was drafted by the Atlanta Thrashers in the first round, tenth overall, of the 2004 NHL Entry Draft.For the 2004–05 and the 2005–06 seasons, the Thrashers returned <mask> to the Kitchener Rangers. On March 30, 2006, he signed an entry-level contract with Atlanta to begin his professional career. The Thrashers assigned Valábik to the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL) for the 2006–07 season. He played in his first career AHL game on October 7, 2006, also registering his first point (an assist), in a 5–0 win over the Peoria Rivermen. In his next game, on October 13, Valábik scored his first career AHL goal, against Karl Goehring of the Milwaukee Admirals in a 7–5 victory. He finished the season playing in 50 games with Chicago, scoring 2 goals and 9 points, helping the Wolves clinch a playoff spot. In the playoffs, Valábik had one assist in eight games as the Wolves lost to the Iowa Stars in the West Division finals.<mask> began the 2007–08 season with the Wolves, where in 58 games, he had 1 goal and 8 points. On March 17, 2008, the Thrashers called Valábik up to Atlanta, and two days later, on March 19, Valábik appeared in his first career NHL game, going pointless in a 5–3 loss to the Carolina Hurricanes. He finished the 2007–08 season with Atlanta, registering no points in seven games. He was then sent back to the Wolves for their Calder Cup playoff run. On April 26, 2008, Valábik scored his first career AHL playoff goal, against Pekka Rinne of the Milwaukee Admirals in a 3–0 victory. Overall, Valábik appeared in 24 playoff games with Chicago, scoring 3 goals and 4 points as the Wolves ultimately won the Calder Cup. Valábik began the 2008–09 season with the Wolves.In 11 games, he scored 1 goal and 3 points. In November, the Thrashers called <mask> up for the remainder of the season. He earned his first career NHL point on December 10, 2008, an assist in a 3–2 loss to the New York Rangers. He finished the season playing in 50 games with Atlanta, recording 5 assists and 132 penalty minutes. On July 20, 2009, he re-signed with the Thrashers. <mask> began the 2009–10 season with the Wolves. He suffered an ankle injury in a practice before the season, however, and missed the first six weeks of the season.<mask> returned to the lineup on November 20, 2009, and would play in six games with Chicago, earning no points, before being called up to Atlanta again. With the Thrashers, he appeared in 23 games, earning 2 assists. His 2009–10 season ended in early February after he tore his anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). On October 15, 2010, the Thrashers placed <mask> on waivers, which he cleared, allowing him to be sent back to the Wolves. In 49 games with Chicago, he had 9 assists. On February 18, 2011, the Thrashers traded Valábik and forward Rich Peverley to the Boston Bruins in exchange for forward Blake Wheeler and defenceman Mark Stuart. Boston Bruins (2010–2011)
Valábik finished the 2010–11 season with the Boston Bruins' AHL affiliate, the Providence Bruins.In ten games with Providence, he had two assists. After the season, Valábik became an unrestricted free agent. Pittsburgh Penguins (2011–2012)
On July 3, 2011, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Pittsburgh Penguins. On October 3, he suffered a knee injury at a Penguins practice, and on November 2, the Penguins placed <mask> on waivers. He cleared waivers and was assigned to the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, the Penguins' AHL affiliate. He would only play in three games for the club in the 2011–12 season, earning no points. After the season, Valábik once again became a free agent.Kometa Brno (2012–2013)
On August 14, 2012, as a free agent, <mask> signed with Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga. In 29 games, he had 1 goal and 3 points. In early January 2013, <mask> asked to be released from his contract with the club. Portland Pirates (2012–2013)
On January 11, 2013, <mask> returned to North America to sign with the AHL's Portland Pirates. In 24 games with Portland, he had 2 goals and 6 points, helping the team reach the playoffs. He appeared in one playoff game, being held off the scoresheet, while earning 17 penalty minutes, as the Pirates lost to the Syracuse Crunch in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals. Coventry Blaze
<mask> signed for the Coventry Blaze at the start of the 2015–16 season.He was subsequently named an alternate captain . Awards and achievements
2003–04 OHL First All-Rookie Team
2003–04 CHL All-Rookie Team
2003–04 CHL Top Prospects Game
2007–08 AHL Calder Cup (Chicago Wolves)

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1986 births
Arystan Temirtau players
Atlanta Thrashers draft picks
Atlanta Thrashers players
Chicago Wolves players
Coventry Blaze players
EHC Lustenau players
HC Kometa Brno players
Kitchener Rangers players
Living people
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Portland Pirates players
Providence Bruins players
ŠHK 37 Piešťany players
Slovak ice hockey defencemen
Sportspeople from Nitra
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players
Slovak television presenters

masks:
Boris Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik
Valábik


title: Andrea Nahles

texts:
<mask> (born 20 June 1970) is a German politician, who served as Leader of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from April 2018 until June 2019 and the leader of the SPD in the Bundestag from September 2017 until June 2019. She served as a Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs from 2013 to 2017 and SPD Youth leader. Since 2020, <mask> has been serving as president of the Federal Posts and Telecommunications Agency. <mask> is known within the party for criticising Gerhard Schröder's Agenda 2010. In June 2019, in the aftermath of the SPD's result in the 2019 European elections, she announced her resignation as leader of the SPD and as parliamentary leader of the SPD. For the transition period until a new SPD-leader was elected, Manuela Schwesig, Malu Dreyer and Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel acted as her successors. <mask> left the Bundestag on 31 October 2019.Early life and education
Born in 1970 in Mendig, Rhineland-Palatinate, to a bricklayer and an office clerk, <mask> grew up in the rural Eifel region in West Germany. She finished high school (Abitur) through a continuing education program in 1989. She obtained an MA after studying politics, philosophy and German studies at the University of Bonn for 20 semesters (10 years), during which time she was an assistant to a member of parliament. In 2004, <mask> began working towards a doctorate in Germanistics. She abandoned her dissertation in 2005 when she returned to the Bundestag. The title of her planned dissertation was Walter Scott's influence on the development of the historical novel in Germany. Political career

Party career
In 1988, <mask> joined the SPD at the age of 18.Shortly after, she was the youth representative for the constituency of Mayen-Koblenz. From 1993 to 1995 she was the youth representative for Rheinland-Pfalz. In 1995 she became the national youth representative, following Thomas Westphal, a post she held until 1999. Since 1997 she has been a member of the SPD executive. In 2000, <mask> was one of the founders of the "Forum Demokratische Linke 21" (Forum of the Democratic Left 21). As leader of the SPD's left wing and former head of party's youth section, she opposed many of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder's economic reforms, namely the Agenda 2010. She and others repeatedly criticized the leadership style of the party's chairman Franz Müntefering, saying the party was never consulted over Schröder's decision in May 2005 to call early elections or the decision to join a grand coalition under Merkel that would include the major parties.As party leaders sought to reconcile the bickering factions in the post-Schröder era, <mask> gained in leverage. On 31 October 2005, she was voted the SPD's general secretary, defeating Kajo Wasserhövel, the favoured man from the conservative side of the party. Wasserhövel's defeat prompted Franz Müntefering to declare that he no longer felt he had the confidence of the party and would step down. As a result, <mask> refused to accept the position of general secretary. Between 2005 and 2009, <mask> served on the Committee on Labour and Social Affairs. From 2008, she was also a member of the SPD parliamentary group's leadership under chairman Peter Struck. Ahead of the 2009 elections, German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier included her in his shadow cabinet of 10 women and eight men for the Social Democrats’ campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor.During the campaign, <mask> served as shadow minister for education and integration policies, being a counterweight to incumbent Annette Schavan. General Secretary of the SPD, 2009–2013
<mask> was elected as the SPD's secretary general in November 2009 at the party congress held in Dresden. She succeeded Hubertus Heil in the position, and worked together with new-elected party leader Sigmar Gabriel. Her appointment was widely seen as a signal the SPD would shift to the left. In her capacity as secretary general, <mask> oversaw the SPD's electoral campaign in 2013. After the SPD's defeat in the federal elections, she was in charge of organizing a referendum among her party's 472,000 members before signing any coalition treaty with re-elected Chancellor Angela Merkel and her conservative bloc. In the negotiations to form a coalition government following the elections, <mask> was part of the 15-member leadership circle chaired by Merkel, Gabriel and Horst Seehofer.At a three-day party convention held in Leipzig in November 2013, delegates re-elected <mask> to her post with reduced majority. She received 67.2 percent of members’ ballots. Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, 2013–2017
As Federal Minister of Labour and Social Affairs in Chancellor Angela Merkel's third Cabinet, <mask> has overseen the introduction of a national minimum wage for Germany, guaranteeing workers at least 8.50 euros per hour ($11.75). Merkel had campaigned against a statutory minimum wage in 2013, saying it would threaten Germany's competitive edge and that wage-setting belonged in the hands of companies and employees; however, her party gave ground to the Social Democrats, who made the measure a condition for helping her stay in power for a third term. In early 2015, however, <mask> bowed to pressure from Germany's eastern neighbours, particularly Poland, and suspended controls by state authorities to check whether foreign truck drivers were being paid the minimum wage. After having campaigned on the promise of early retirement for longtime workers during the elections, <mask> also managed the introduction of an early retirement law in 2014. The move, which – at expected total costs of about 160 billion euros between 2015 and 2030 – is likely to be the most expensive single measure of the legislative period, was sharply criticized as Germany grapples with an aging population and a shrinking work force and promotes austerity among its European Union neighbors.In late 2014, <mask> also announced that the combined pension contributions from employers and employees would be cut by a total of 2 billion euros in 2015 due to the high level of reserves. Following annual negotiations between the Claims Conference and the German government in 2014, <mask> successfully introduced a proposal for extending German pension payments totaling 340 million euros ($461 million) for some 40,000 Holocaust survivors who were used by the Nazis in ghettos as laborers in exchange for food or meager wages. Most Holocaust survivors suffered serious malnutrition during World War II and also lost almost all of their relatives, leaving them with many medical problems and little or no family support network to help them cope. Following a succession of strikes that disrupted Germany's air and train travel in 2014, <mask> introduced a bill which amended labor laws to allow only one trade union to represent employees of one company in negotiating wage agreements, a move critics say in effect will deprive small unions of their right to strike. In 2015, <mask> commissioned an in-depth study to establish a definition of work-related stress and calculate its economic cost, leading to speculation that the study could pave the way for an "anti-stress act" as proposed by Germany's metalworkers' union. In response to rightwing populist assaults on chancellor Angela Merkel's liberal immigration policies, <mask> presented plans in early 2016 to ban EU migrants from most unemployment benefits for five years after their arrival. Leader of SPD in Bundestag, 2017–2019
After the Social Democrats experienced their worst result in German post-war history in the 2017 elections, their chairman Martin Schulz nominated <mask> to lead the party's group in the German Parliament.She replaced Thomas Oppermann and was the first woman to serve in this role. In the negotiations to form a fourth coalition government under Merkel, <mask> led the working group on social affairs, alongside Barbara Stamm and Karl-Josef Laumann. In addition to her role as chairwoman, <mask> also joined the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. Leader of the Social Democratic Party, 2018–2019
<mask> was elected as the first ever female leader of the Social Democratic Party on 22 April 2018 at the party convention in Wiesbaden. She won the election with 414 delegate votes, against her opponent Simone Lange, who received 172 delegate votes, which worked out as 66% to 27% respectively. She succeeds Olaf Scholz who was acting leader for two months after the resignation of Martin Schulz who led the party to their worst election result since 1933. <mask> was the first female leader of the party in its 155-year history.Furthermore, this was the first time ever in German history that the country's two largest parties were led by women, the other being CDU with its leader Angela Merkel. <mask> was widely credited with stewarding the party toward another coalition government with Merkel's Christian Democrats. On 2 June 2019, <mask> announced that she would resign as SPD leader in the face of personal unpopularity, a major defeat for the SPD in the 2019 European Parliament election, and a record low result in the Forsa poll of 1 June 2019. She stated she would also resign as leader of the SPD parliamentary group in the Bundestag. Life after politics
Since July 2020, <mask> has been serving as a special advisor to European Commissioner for Jobs and Social Rights Nicolas Schmit. Since 2020, <mask> has been serving as president of the Federal Posts and Telecommunications Agency in Bonn. In addition, she teaches at the NRW School of Governance of the University of Duisburg-Essen.In 2022, <mask> was nominated as director of the Federal Employment Agency (BA). Other activities
 Central Committee of German Catholics, Member
 Denkwerk Demokratie, Member of the Advisory Board
 Maria Laach Abbey, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Willy Brandt Center Jerusalem, Member of the Board of Trustees
 spw – Zeitschrift für sozialistische Politik und Wirtschaft, Member of the Editorial Board
 IG Metall, Member
 Eurosolar, Member
 Attac, Member
 ZDF, Ex-officio Member of the Television Board (2000–2004)

Political positions
Once a leading voice on the SPD's left, <mask> has moved steadily towards the centre. She is known as a provocative and occasionally brusque orator. Personal life
<mask>' partner was VW manager Horst Neumann from 1997 until 2007. From 2010, she was married to art historian Marcus Frings with whom she has one daughter, born in January 2011. In January 2016 the couple announced their separation. <mask> lives in the village of Weiler, where she was born.A Roman Catholic, she attends Sunday mass in the village regularly. She resides on a farm that belonged to her great-grandparents. Since 2017, she has an apartment in Berlin's Moabit district. <mask> enjoys horse riding. Until an accident in 1986, she also was a track and field athlete. See also
Politics of Germany

References

External links

|-

|-

|-

1970 births
Living people
People from Mendig
German Roman Catholics
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Social Affairs ministers of Germany
Labor ministers (Germany)
Members of the Bundestag for Rhineland-Palatinate
21st-century German women politicians
Female members of the Bundestag
Women federal government ministers of Germany
University of Bonn alumni
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009
Members of the Bundestag 1998–2002
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany
20th-century German women

masks:
Andrea Maria Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles
Nahles


title: Hajrudin Somun

texts:
<mask>, (born April 10, 1937, Čajniče, Bosnia and Herzegovina) Bosnian journalist and diplomat, served as the Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993–2003). Somun was born in Čajniče to father Ibrahim, an imam, and mother Muniba (née Sirćo), a manufacturer in a shoe factory. He was the best student in his generation in Arabic, Persian and Turkish languages (1962) at the University of Sarajevo, and specialized Arabic at the Baghdad University in Iraq (1962–65). Somun is a "respected journalist" since high school, Somun was employed at the Sarajevo leading daily Oslobođenje (1965-1969), then TV Sarajevo as war reporter and commentator for international affairs (1969-1976). He first made his mark in Yugoslav journalism with a series of articles from Iraqi Kurdistan, where he went secretly and spent time in the headquarters of the renowned Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani. He reported on conflicts in the Middle East and was awarded for his TV films on the Yom Kippur War in 1973 and the Palestinian Commandos in 1974. He was also rewarded by various journalist awards in the former Yugoslavia and Bosnia.The Association of Journalists of Bosnia and Herzegovina awarded him with the Lifetime Award in 2015. Somun was appointed Middle Eastern correspondent for the Yugoslav News Agency (TANJUG), reporting from Baghdad for the Persian Gulf area (1976–79). He reported on the Islamic Revolution in Iran in 1978-79 that lead to his first co-authored publication with well-known Iranian writer Reza Baraheni. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the former Yugoslavia (SFRJ) offered him a position as counselor to the Yugoslav Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq, where he served 1979–82. Somun was Advisor on International Affairs to Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina until he was posted abroad again as minister counselor to the Yugoslav Embassy in Tehran, Iran (1987-1991). He was the Director of International Liaisons and Protocol of the Winter Olympic Games 1984 in Sarajevo. He was appointed Foreign Policy Advisor to the Presidency and the first President of the independent Bosnia and Herzegovina, the late Alija Izetbegović.He was part of the Bosnian delegation at the London and Geneva Peace Conference (1992-1993), as well as at frequent international peace seeking meetings and mediation for the war-torn Bosnia. Somun was appointed first Ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Ankara, Turkey in 1993 where he remained for five years. In the Bosnian Foreign Ministry he served as the head for non-European countries and spokesperson until his last diplomatic appointment as ambassador in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2002-2004). While serving in Kuala Lumpur, he wrote the book "Mahathir: The Secret of the Malaysian Success" that was a best-seller in Malaysia for several years. After retirement he lectured on history of diplomacy at the Philip-Noel Baker International University in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and today he actively publishes books, and contributes to the daily and weekly TV, papers and magazines in Bosnia and Herzegovina  and abroad. He is currently completing a book on Kurdistan and is the Honorary Consul General of Bangladesh in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Books

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Beograd: Rad, 1976.The Roots of the Iranian Revolution, co-author with the Iranian writer Reza Baraheni, Belgrade: NIN-Politika, 1979. Beirut in Poetry (translation and interpretation of contemporary Palestinian poetry), Sarajevo: Radio-Sarajevo, 1987. Bosnia Today - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Limkokwing, 2003. Mahathir, tajna malezijskog čuda, Sarajevo: Dani, 2003. Mahathir: The Secret of the Malaysian Success, Kuala Lumpur: Pelanduk, 2003. Ghassan Kanafani: From the Country of Sad Oranges, Sarajevo: Dobra knjiga, 2012. Personal View of the World, Sarajevo: Rabic, 2012.Sarajevo: My City, co-author, Sarajevo: Rabic, 2013. Palestinian Naqba, Sarajevo: Rabic, 2015. (Palestinska nakba)

Are we anti-semitic? Links between the nations of former Yugoslavia with Jews and Palestinians, Sarajevo: Rabic, 2017. (Jesmo i antisemiti? Veze naroda bivše Jugoslavije sa Jevrejima i Palestincima)
(promoted in Sarajevo 19 June 2017, Zagreb, Croatia 21 June 2017 and Ljubljana, Slovenia 22 June 2017)

Gasana Kanafani iz dežele žalostnih pomorandž, Hajrudin and Lejla Somun, Forma 7, Ljubljana, Slovenija, 2017.) Sefernameh from Iran (Sefernama iz Irana), Sarajevo: Dobra knjiga, 2019.(promoted in Sarajevo 14 February 2019 book review

Notable articles

Bosnia-Herzegovina Diaspora, Forum Bosnae, Vol. 1 No.1/2, pp 128–135, Sarajevo: Forum Bosnae, 1998. "Bosnia and Herzegovina – Turkey, 1992-1995," in A Bridge Between Cultures: Studies on Ottoman and Republican Turkey in memory of Ali Ihsan Bagis, edited by Sinan Kuneralp. The ISIS Press, Istanbul, 2006. Turkish Foreign Policy in the Balkans and "Neo-Ottomanism": A Personal Account, Insight Turkey Vol. 13 / No. 3 / 2011 pp.33–41

How Middle East revolutions relativize theories on „neo-Ottomanism", Politeia, Year 1, No. 2, Dec 2011

Policy analysis: “Iran and the Middle East – Perspectives Resting on Old Premises”, Foreign Policy Initiative BiH and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Sarajevo, October 2016

Interviews

Novo vrijeme, newsportal, Hajrudin Somun: Ekstremisti ISIS-a će formirati novu, ekstremističku državu

From Sarajevo to Tehran and Back, Iranian.com by Fariba Amini

Conference presentation: Debating New Turkey, 10 December 2010

OBN TV, Reflex: Political Situation in Egypt and Turkey, 29 July 2013

Federal Radio, The World Today, 4 January 2014,

Liberty TV, 30 Years Since Sarajevo Winter Olympic Games, 2 February 2014,

Radio Free Europe, Sarajevo Three Decades Later: Far Away from the Olympic Motto, 8 February 2014

TV1 Ukraine Crisis, 19 April 2014

HRT1 News, On ISIS and Iraq, 26 June 2014

FACE TV Face to Face Interview, 12 December 2015

OSM TV Face of the Nation Interview, 26 October 2016

TV1 Refugees and Berlin Attack, 21 December 2016

N1 - CNN - There will be no war! 2 February 219

References

External links
http://www.vijesti.ba/tag/Hajrudin%20Somun
http://ba.n1info.com/search/1/1?q=hajrudin+somun
https://tv1.ba/?s=somun
http://balkans.aljazeera.net/search?keywords=hajrudin+somun

1937 births
Living people
Ambassadors of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Turkey
Ambassadors of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Malaysia