title: Dominic A. Infante

texts:
<mask><mask> (February 23, 1940 – January 12, 2014) was a communication scholar, professor, and author. In addition to shorter teaching terms at other universities, he served as a professor in The School of Communication Studies at Kent State University for 19 years. Widely known for his research on communication theory and verbal aggressiveness, he was revered as a prolific scholar in the field of communication studies and made a great impact on many of his students and colleagues. Personal life and education
On February 23, 1940, in Youngstown, Ohio, <mask> was born to Joseph J. and Maline <mask>. Infante earned his undergraduate degree in 1962 from Bowling Green State University. As a BGSU student, he involved himself on campus as a player on the Falcon football team, a member of the Falcon Forensics & Debate Team, and brother of the Zeta Lambda chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He later went on to gain his master's of arts and Ph.D. from Kent State University, where he was the doctoral program's first-ever graduate.While in his twenties, Infante studied and trained with Grace Straw Wilson of Youngstown and Bryce Fogle of New York City in voice as an operatic tenor singer. Besides singing, Infante also enjoyed partaking in traveling, sports, fishing, boating, and competitive shooting with the North-South Skirmish Association. Infante died on January 12, 2014, at Aultman Hospital in Canton, Ohio at the age of 73 after battling an illness. He is survived by his wife, Sandra J. (Campbell) Infante, and a daughter and son, as well as eleven grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. Teaching career
Choosing to pursue a career in higher education after his brief experience in the singing world, Infante earned his first teaching job at Austintown Fitch High School. There he served as an English teacher and Forensics Coach.He later went on to serve on faculty at the City University of New York at Queens College, the University of South Florida, and the State University of New York at Albany in their communication studies departments. His most notable and longest-held faculty position was at Kent State University. In 1976, he signed on as an associate professor of Communication Studies and later earned Professor Emeritus status when he retired in 1995. During his time at Kent State, he was heavily involved in teaching and research. He taught courses in multiple areas of communication studies such as public speaking, communication theory, persuasion, research methods, and statistics, in addition to directing dissertations and theses. Research
Throughout his career, Infante published multiple books and journal articles, ranking him as a leading scholar in communication during the 20th century. He is best known for researching topics that addressed issues in society such as domestic violence, conflict management through argument, and corporal punishment.<mask>e authored three books before his death: Arguing Constructively in 1987, Building Communication Theory in 1990, and Contemporary Communication Theory in 2009 with Theodore A<mask>, <mask>. Rancer, and Erica L. MacGeorge. Most notably, he defined and developed a theory of argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness that continues to be used by communication scholars today. In 1982, Infante and Rancer developed a self-reporting 20-item Argumentativeness Scale to measure trait argumentativeness to identify people who have high, moderate, and low motivation to argue. This scale contains two dimensions that measure a motivational tendency to avoid arguments and a tendency to approach them. Similarly, the self-reporting 20-item Verbal Aggressiveness Scale developed with Charles J. Wigley III in 1986, identifies those that are high, moderate, or low in preposition to verbally attack others and was used to determine if verbal aggressiveness and argumentativeness came from different dimensions of one's personality. Using this interest in verbal aggressiveness, he went on to study interspousal violence. In 1989, he, along with Teresa A. Chandler and Jill E. Rudd, published "Test of an Argumentative Skill Deficiency Model of Interspousal Violence" in Communication Monographs.This study suggested that spouses in violent marriages were less willing to argue and present and defend positions on controversial issues than those in non-violent marriages, but exhibited greater verbal aggressiveness. In 2000, he further explored familial relationships with "Corporal Punishment and Communication in Father-Son Dyads" to study how verbal and physical aggressiveness tactics to gain compliance affect the credibility and overall father-son relationship. Supporting similar evidence found in the 1989 study, Infante, Jeffrey W. Kassing, and Kevin J. Pearce found that the use of physical aggression and corporal punishment by a father does not exhibit constructive communication and places the child in both physical and psychological harm. Honors and awards
Due to his work in research and dedication at Kent State University, Infante was a recipient of multiple honors and awards in the communication study discipline. In 1989, he received the Daniel Rohrer Research in Argumentation Award by the American Forensic Association for his study with Chandler and Rudd, "Test of an Argumentative Skill Deficiency Model of Interspousal Violence". As an association that recognizes achievement in argumentation and public advocacy, this award recognized their work as an outstanding study in the research concerns of the Association. In 1992, his production of research in organizational communication ranked him 1st in the nation.One year later in 1993, he was ranked 6th in the nation by a Communication Education study in research productivity among all communication scholars since the beginning of communication study. In October 2012, he was presented with two important honors by the School of Communication Studies at Kent State during their Homecoming Awards Celebration. His first honor was receiving the Centennial Award, an award established with the University's 2010 Centennial. This award recognized him for his national recognitions to the academic field of communication and the school and is the highest honor awarded by the School of Communication Studies. He was also presented with the establishment of The <mask>. Infante Communication Scholarship. Created in conjunction with his family and friends, in addition to his students and fellow faculty members, this scholarship is awarded to a student for their 2nd year in the Master of Arts Program in the School of Communication Studies at Kent State University. The student that is awarded this scholarship is determined by the graduate faculty as being on schedule for completing their degree and one who appears to be a good prospect for continuing into the doctorate program.References

1940 births
2014 deaths
Communication scholars
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Kent State University faculty
Bowling Green State University alumni
Tau Kappa Epsilon
Kent State University alumni
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
University of South Florida faculty
University at Albany, SUNY faculty

masks:
Dominic A
. Infante
Dominic
Infante
Dominic Infant
. Avtgis
Andrew S
Dominic A


title: Roni Horn

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born September 25, 1955) is an American visual artist and writer. The granddaughter of Eastern European immigrants, she was born in New York City, where she lives and works. She is currently represented by Xavier Hufkens in Brussels and Hauser & Wirth. She is openly gay. Early life and education
<mask> was born on September 25, 1955 in New York City. She was named for her grandmothers, both of whom were named Rose. In a 2009 interview, <mask> reflected on her gender neutral name as an advantage, stating "when I was young I decided that my sex, my gender, was nobody’s business."She grew up in Rockland County, New York. <mask> graduated from high school early and enrolled in the Rhode Island School of Design at age 16. She graduated with BFA in 1975 at age 19. Describing her "fast jaunt" in Providence, she stated "I had a studio in a bad neighborhood with very little daylight. It was dangerous and depressing." <mask> received an MFA in sculpture from Yale University. Since 1975 she has travelled often to Iceland, whose landscape and isolation have strongly influenced her practice.Work
<mask> has been intimately involved with the singular geography, geology, climate and culture of Iceland. She first travel to Iceland in the 1970s. Since her first encounter with the island as a young arts graduate visiting on a fellowship from Yale, <mask> has returned to Iceland frequently. To Place
The ongoing series of books entitled To Place (1990-) concern Iceland. Reproducing 13 watercolour and graphite drawings, Bluff Life (1990) was produced in 1982 during a two-month stay in a lighthouse off the southern coast of Iceland in a town called Dyrhólaey. The series totals thirteen drawings, all made on note cards. The second book, Folds (1991), is a collection of photographs documenting extant sheepfolds.To Place: Verne's Journey (1995) is the fifth in the series. A photographic essay, the seventh volume Arctic Circles (1998) records the endless horizon of the North Sea, the feathers of an eider nest, and the rotating beacon of a lighthouse. Doubt Box (Book IX) (2006) is a collection of cards rather than a bound volume. Printed on both sides, the cards show pictures of glacial water, taxidermied birds, and a face. In 2004-2006, the books were selected as some of the most important photobooks in history. A 2009 journal article stated that the nine To Place books "together constitute one of the most important groups of artists' books since Ed Ruscha's 1960s books and Bernd and Hilla Becher's publications on industrial architecture." Other publications include Dictionary of Water, This is Me, This is You, Cabinet of, If on a Winter's Night, Her, Her, Her, & Her, Wonderwater (Alice Offshore), and Index Cixous, 2003 – 05.Installations

Weather has played an important role in  <mask>'s work. She has created several public artworks, including You Are the Weather—Munich (1996–97), a permanent installation for the Deutscher Wetterdienst bureau in Munich. You in You (1997), a rubber-tiled walkway in Basel's east train station, mimics an unusual basalt formation of Iceland. Some Thames (2000), a permanent installation at the University of Akureyri in Iceland, consists of 80 photographs of water dispersed throughout the university's public spaces. In 2007 she undertook Artangel’s first international commission, creating Vatnasafn / Library of Water, a long-term installation in the town of Stykkishólmur, Iceland. The installation is made up of water collected from Icelandic glaciers. The "Library of Water" is housed in a former library building in Stykkisholmur on the west coast of Iceland.<mask> noticed the building in the 1990s. It is located at the high point of the town, overlooking the harbour and the sea. It was conceived by <mask> in 2004 as a sculpture installation and a community center. In 2004, Hauser & Wirth in London was the location of an installation by <mask> entitled Agua Viva for the exhibition Rings of Lispector. The installation consisted of interconnecting rubber tiles into which fragments of text from Hélène Cixous' English translation of Clarice Lispector's Agua Viva (The Stream of Life) were embedded into the floor in contrasting shades of tan-colored rubber. <mask> manipulated passages of the text to shape partial and overlapping rings and loops, playing with the order and coherence of Lispector's text. The rubber floor's dimensions at Hauser & Wirth London were approximately 1,500 square feet, with each rubber tile 69 inches square.It contained 25 "rubber floor drawings" with additional plain tiles so that the piece would fit wall to wall. Hélène Cixous penned the accompanying monograph for the installation. Photo series
<mask>'s first photographic installation, You Are The Weather (1994-1996), is a photographic cycle featuring 100 close-up shots of the same woman, Margret, in a variety of Icelandic geothermal pools. Notes written by <mask> about this work were included in the catalogue that accompanied <mask>'s 2009 traveling retrospective Roni <mask> aka <mask> <mask>. The two-volume book includes a Subject Index that brought together writings and reflections on works, themes, titles and topics related to <mask>'s practice. Curator Donna De Salvo says, "You are the Weather depicts a living, rather than an inert, thing. <mask> complicated the notion of surface and skin.This treatment of the face smudges the distinction between object and subject. Just who is the 'you'? Of course all answers are completely dependent upon who chooses to inhabit the role of 'you.' It's a discovery process, which in some ways reflects the making of the work itself. The subtle and not so subtle difference in these photographs make it difficult for a viewer to dismiss any one image as being identical to the one next to it. 'You' have to look hard." Many of the images in You Are the Weather were published in one of the To Place volumes.You are the Weather, Part 2, follows the same form as You are the Weather and features the same model, 15 years later. The 45 color images of <mask>'s installation Pi (1998) were installed on all four walls of the Matthew Marks Gallery in New York. The pictures were taken over a six-year period in Iceland. Still Water (The River Thames, for Example) (1999) is a single work composed of fifteen photographic offset lithographs, each 30 1/2 x 41 1/2". It is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art. It was commissioned around 1998, and <mask> has noted that it came about at the same time as the end of a long love relationship. Each of the 15 lithographs features a photograph of the surface of the River Thames that has been annotated with many small white numerals that correspond to a bar of footnotes that runs along the lower border of each image.Sculpture

Félix González-Torres had the opportunity to view <mask>'s sculpture Forms from the Gold Field in 1990 at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. In 1993, he made Untitled (Placebo-Landscape-for Roni). In response, <mask> made a second gold field piece, Gold Mats, Paired-For Ross and Felix (1994-1995), dedicated to the late González-Torres and his partner Ross Laycock. <mask>'s 1993 series When Dickinson shut her eyes comprises eight square aluminium poles of different lengths leaning against the gallery wall, each bearing a line from Emily Dickinson's poem A Wind that rose. Pink Tons (2008) is a solid cast glass cube 1219 x 1219 x 1219 mm, weighing 4536 kg manufactured by Schott, a German glass manufacturing company with whom she has worked since her student times. They also manufactured the columns of her Library of Water in Iceland. <mask>'s 2009-2010 work Well and Truly consists of ten solid cast glass parts, each measuring 91.5 cm in diameter and 45.5 cm in height.Well and Truly is part of a private collection, but was included in an exhibition of the same title at Kunsthaus Bregenz from April 24 to July 4, 2010. The ten glass elements are cylinders in shades of blue and pale blue greens. Exhibitions
<mask>'s first solo exhibition (outside the university) was held in 1980 at the Kunstraum München. With two New York shows at the Paula Cooper and Leo Castelli galleries, <mask>'s career accelerated in the late 1980s. <mask> received the CalArts/Alpert Award in the Arts in 1998, several NEA fellowships, and a Guggenheim fellowship. She has had one-person exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago (2004); Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (2003); Dia Center for the Arts, New York, and Museu Serralves, Porto (2001); Whitney Museum of American Art, New York;  Kunsthalle Basel (1995); Rencontres d'Arles festival, France (2009) and Tate Modern, London (2009). Group exhibitions include the Whitney Biennial (1991, 2004); Documenta (1992); and Venice Biennale (1997), among others.In 2004 she was a visiting critic at Columbia University. In November 2009, the Whitney Museum of American Art opened a survey show of <mask>'s work. Titled "<mask> Horn aka <mask> Horn", the show travelled to the Institute of Contemporary Art in Boston (2010),the Tate Modern, London (25 February - 25 May 2009), and the Collection Lambert in Avignon (21 June - 4 October 2009). In 2016 <mask> had a solo exhibition in Tilburg, The Netherlands, at De Pont Museum of Contemporary Art. In February 2019, The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas held a two part solo exhibition, "When I Breathe, I Draw". The first part, features <mask>'s large scale works on paper, and the second, was devoted to works created from cutting, housed in the Menil Drawing Institute's main gallery. She was also commissioned to install her "Wits' End Sampler" wall drawing in the entry space of the Menil Drawing Institute.Collections
<mask>'s work is in the permanent collections of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, the Tang Teaching Museum, the Kunstmuseum Basel, the University of Michigan Museum of Art, and the Museum of Modern Art. Documentary
<mask> was one of the artists featured on PBS' Art:21 series of biographies of contemporary artists. References

1955 births
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American photographers
21st-century American women artists
American contemporary artists
American women photographers
Artists from New York (state)
Living people
Jewish American artists
Postmodern artists
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
Yale University alumni
20th-century women photographers
21st-century women photographers
LGBT photographers from the United States
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Roni Horn
Roni Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Roni
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
Horn
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Horn
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Horn
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Roni
Roni
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Horn


title: Anna Leonowens

texts:
<mask> (born Ann Hariett Emma Edwards; 5 November 1831 – 19 January 1915) was an Anglo-Indian or Indian-born British travel writer, educator, and social activist. She became well known with the publication of her memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870), which chronicled her experiences in Siam (modern Thailand), as teacher to the children of the Siamese King Mongkut. <mask>' own account was fictionalised in Margaret Landon's best-selling novel <mask> and the King of Siam (1944), as well as adaptations for other media such as Rodgers and Hammerstein's 1951 musical The King and I. During the course of her life, Leonowens also lived in Western Australia, Singapore and Penang, the United States, Canada and Germany. In later life, she was a lecturer of Indology and a suffragist. Among other achievements, she co-founded the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design. Early life and family

<mask>' mother, Mary Ann Glascott, married her father, Sergeant Thomas Edwards, a non-commissioned officer in the East India Company's Corps of Sappers and Miners, on 15 March 1829 in St James's Church, Tannah, Bombay Presidency, British India.Edwards was from London and a former cabinetmaker. <mask> was born in Ahmednagar in the Bombay Presidency of Company-ruled India, on 5 November 1831, three months after the death of her father. While she was christened Ann Hariett Emma Edwards, <mask> later changed Ann to "<mask>", Hariett to "Harriette" and ceased using her third given name (Emma). <mask>' maternal grandfather, William Vawdrey (or Vaudrey) Glascott, was an English-born commissioned officer of the 4th Regiment, Bombay Native Infantry, in the Bombay Army. Glascott arrived in India in 1810, and was apparently married in 1815, although his wife's name is not known. According to biographer Susan Morgan, the only viable explanation for the complete and deliberate lack of information regarding Glascott's wife in official British records is that she "was not European". Morgan suggests that she was "most likely ... Anglo-Indian (of mixed race) born in India."<mask>'s mother, Mary Anne Glascott, was born in 1815 or 1816. For most of her adult life, <mask> had no contact with her family and took pains to disguise her origins by claiming that she had been born with the surname "Crawford" in Caernarfon, Wales, and giving her father's rank as captain. By doing so, she protected not only herself but her children, who would have had greater opportunities if their possibly mixed-race heritage remained unknown. Investigations uncovered no record of her birth at Caernarfon, news which came as a shock to the town that had long claimed her as one of its most famous natives. A few months after <mask>'s birth, her mother remarried. The stepfather was Patrick Donohoe, an Irish Catholic corporal of the Royal Engineers. The family relocated repeatedly within Western India, following the stepfather's regiment.In 1841, they settled in Deesa, Gujarat. <mask> attended the Bombay Education Society's girls school in Byculla (now a neighbourhood of Mumbai) that admitted "mixed-race" children whose military fathers were either dead or absent. <mask> later said she had attended a British boarding school and had arrived in India, a supposedly "strange land" to her, only at the age of 15. <mask>'s relationship with her stepfather, Donohoe, was not a happy one, and she later accused him of putting pressure on her, like her sister, to marry a much older man. In 1847, Donohoe was seconded as assistant supervisor of public works in Aden. Whether the rest of the family went with him or stayed in India is unsure. On 24 April 1845, <mask>'s 15-year-old sister, Eliza Julia Edwards, married James Millard, a sergeant-major with the 4th Troop Artillery, Indian Army in Deesa.<mask> served as a witness to this marriage. Their daughter, Eliza Sarah Millard, born in 1848 in India, married on 7 October 1864 in Surat, Gujarat, India. Her husband was Edward John Pratt, a 38-year-old British civil servant. One of their sons, William Henry Pratt, born 23 November 1887 upon their return to London, was better known by his stage name of Boris Karloff; <mask> was thus his great-aunt. <mask> never approved of her sister's marriage, and her self-imposed separation from the family was so complete that, a decade later, when Eliza contacted her during her stay in Siam, she replied by threatening suicide if she persisted. <mask> later said she had gone on a three-year tour through Egypt and the Middle East with the orientalist Reverend George Percy Badger and his wife. However, recent biographies consider this episode to be fictitious.<mask> may have met Badger in India and listened to or read reports about his travels. Marriage, Western Australia and widowhood
<mask>'s husband-to-be Thomas Leon Owens, an Irish Protestant from Enniscorthy, County Wexford, went to India with the 28th Regiment of Foot in 1843. From a private, he rose to the position of paymaster's clerk (rather than the army officer suggested by her memoir) in 1844, serving first in Poona, and from December 1845 until 1847 in Deesa. Biographer Alfred Habegger characterises him as "well read and articulate, strongly opinionated, historically informed, and almost a gentleman". <mask>, who was seven years his junior, fell in love with him. However, her mother and stepfather objected to the relationship, as the suitor had poor prospects for gainful employment, and had been temporarily downgraded from sergeant to private for an unspecified offense. Nevertheless, <mask> and Thomas Leon Owens married on Christmas Day 1849 in the Anglican church of Poona.In the marriage certificate, Thomas merged his second and last names to 'LeonOwens'. Patrick Donohoe signed the document as well, contradicting <mask>' account that her stepfather had violently opposed the marriage. She gave birth to her first daughter, Selina, in December 1850. The girl died at just seventeen months. In 1852, the young couple, accompanied by <mask>'s uncle, W. V. Glasscott, sailed to Australia via Singapore, where they boarded the barque Alibi. The journey from Singapore was long and while on board <mask> gave birth to a son, also named Thomas. On 8 March 1853, nearing the Western Australian coast, the Alibi was almost wrecked on a reef.Ten days later <mask>, Thomas, their newborn son and Glasscott arrived in Perth. Glasscott and <mask> quickly found employment as clerks in the colonial administration. Later in 1853, Glasscott accepted a position as government commissariat storekeeper at Lynton, a small and remote settlement that was the site of Lynton Convict Depot. Glasscott became involved in frequent disagreements with the abrasive resident magistrate, William Burges. Within three years, Glasscott had returned to India and taken up a career in teaching, before dying suddenly in 1856. <mask> – using her middle name of Harriett – tried to establish a school for young ladies. In March 1854, the infant Thomas died at the age of 13 months, and later that year, a daughter, Avis Annie, was born.In 1855, <mask> was appointed to Glasscott's former position with the commissariat at Lynton, and the family moved there. At Lynton, <mask> gave birth to a son, Louis. During late 1856, <mask> also served briefly as magistrate's clerk under William Burges. Like Glasscott, Thomas clashed with Burges but survived until the Convict Depot was closed in 1857, and he was transferred to a more senior position with the Commissariat in Perth. The <mask> family left Australia abruptly in April 1857, sailing to Singapore, and then moving to Penang, where Thomas found work as a hotel keeper. In or before the first week of May 1859, <mask> died of "apoplexy" and was buried (7 May 1859) in the Protestant Cemetery in Penang. His death left <mask> an impoverished widow.Of their four children, two had died in infancy. She returned to Singapore, where she created a new identity as a Welsh-born lady and widow of a British army major. To support her surviving daughter Avis and son Louis, <mask> again took up teaching and opened a school for the children of British officers in Singapore. While the enterprise was not a financial success, it established her reputation as an educator. Teacher at the Siamese court

In 1862, <mask> accepted an offer made by the consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching, to teach the wives and children of Mongkut, King of Siam. The king wished to give his 39 wives and concubines and 82 children a modern Western education on scientific secular lines, which earlier missionaries' wives had not provided. <mask> sent her daughter Avis to school in England, and took her son Louis with her to Bangkok.She succeeded Dan Beach Bradley, an American missionary, as teacher to the Siamese court. Leonowens served at court until 1867, a period of nearly six years, first as a teacher and later as language secretary for the king. Although her position carried great respect and even a degree of political influence, she did not find the terms and conditions of her employment to her satisfaction. And despite her position at the king's court she was never invited into the social circle of the British merchants and traders of the area. In 1868, Leonowens was on leave for her health in England and had been negotiating a return to the court on better terms when Mongkut fell ill and died. The king mentioned <mask> and her son in his will, though they did not receive a legacy. The new monarch, fifteen-year-old Chulalongkorn, who succeeded his father, wrote Leonowens a warm letter of thanks for her services.He did not invite her to resume her post but they corresponded amicably for many years. At the age of 27, <mask> returned to Siam and was granted a commission of Captain in the Royal Cavalry. Chulalongkorn made reforms for which his former tutor claimed some of the credit, including the abolition of the practice of prostration before the royal person. However, many of those same reforms were goals established by his father. Literary career
By 1869, Leonowens was in New York City, where she briefly opened a school for girls in the West New Brighton section of Staten Island, and began contributing travel articles to a Boston journal, The Atlantic Monthly, including "The Favorite of the Harem", reviewed by The New York Times as "an Eastern love story, having apparently a strong basis of truth". She expanded her articles into two volumes of memoirs, beginning with The English Governess at the Siamese Court (1870), which earned her immediate fame but also brought charges of sensationalism. In her writing, she casts a critical eye over court life; the account is not always a flattering one, and has become the subject of controversy in Thailand, and she has also been accused of exaggerating her influence with the king.There have also been claims of fabrication: the likelihood of the argument over slavery, for example, when King Mongkut was for 27 years a Buddhist monk and later abbot, before ascending to the throne. It is thought that his religious training and vocation would never have permitted the views expressed by Leonowens' cruel, eccentric and self-indulgent monarch. Even the title of her memoir is inaccurate, as she was neither English nor did she work as a governess: Her task was to teach English, not to educate and care for the royal children comprehensively. Leonowens claimed to have spoken Thai fluently, but the examples of that language presented in her books are unintelligible, even if one allows for clumsy transcription. <mask> was a feminist and in her writings she tended to focus on what she saw as the subjugated status of Siamese

masks:
Anna Harriette Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna
Anna Leonowens
Anna
Leonowens
Anna
Leonowens
Anna
Anna Leonowens
Anna
Anna
Leonowens
Anna
Anna
Anna
Anna
Anna Edwards
Leonowens
Anna
Anna Edward
Anna Edwards
Anna
Leonowens
Anna
Anna
Anna
Thomas Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Thomas Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Thomas Leonowens
Leonowens
Thomas Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Louis Leonowens
Leonowens


title: Anna Leonowens

texts:
 women, including those sequestered within the Nang Harm, or royal harem. She emphasised that although Mongkut had been a forward-looking ruler, he had desired to preserve customs such as prostration and sexual slavery that seemed unenlightened and degrading. The sequel, Romance of the Harem (1873), incorporates tales based on palace gossip, including the king's alleged torture and execution of one of his concubines, Tuptim.The story lacks independent corroboration and is dismissed as out of character for the king by some critics. A great granddaughter, Princess Vudhichalerm Vudhijaya (b. 21 May 1934), stated in a 2001 interview, "King Mongkut was in the monk's hood for 27 years before he was king. He would never have ordered an execution. It is not the Buddhist way." She added that the same Tuptim was her grandmother and had married Chulalongkorn as one of his minor wives. Moreover, there were no dungeons below the Grand Palace or anywhere else in Bangkok as the high ground-water level would not allow this.Nor are there any accounts of a public burning by other foreigners staying in Siam during the same period as Leonowens. While in the United States, Leonowens also earned much-needed money through popular lecture tours. At venues such as the house of Mrs. Sylvanus Reed in Fifty-third Street, New York City, in the regular members' course at Association Hall, or under the auspices of bodies such as the Long Island Historical Society, she lectured on subjects including "Christian Missions to Pagan Lands" and "The Empire of Siam, and the City of the Veiled Women". The New York Times reported: "Mrs. Leonowens' purpose is to awaken an interest, and enlist sympathies, in behalf of missionary labors, particularly in their relation to the destiny of Asiatic women." She joined the literary circles of New York and Boston and made the acquaintance of local lights on the lecture circuit, such as Oliver Wendell Holmes, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book whose anti-slavery message Leonowens had brought to the attention of the royal household. She said the book influenced Chulalongkorn's reform of slavery in Siam, a process he had begun in 1868, and which would end with its total abolition in 1915. Meanwhile, Louis had accumulated debts in the U.S. by 1874 and fled the country.He became estranged from his mother and did not see her for 19 years. In the summer of 1878, she taught Sanskrit at Amherst College. Canada and Germany
In 1878, <mask>'s daughter Avis Annie Crawford Connybeare married Thomas Fyshe, a Scottish banker and the cashier (general manager) of the Bank of Nova Scotia in Halifax, where she resided for nineteen years as she continued to travel the world. This marriage ended the family's money worries. <mask> resumed her teaching career and taught daily from 9 am to 12 noon for an autumn half at the Berkeley School of New York at 252 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, beginning on 5 October 1880; this was a new preparatory school for colleges and schools of science and her presence was advertised in the press. On behalf of The Youth's Companion magazine, <mask> visited Russia in 1881, shortly after the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, and other European countries, and continued to publish travel articles and books. This established her position as an orientalist scholar.Having returned to Halifax, she again became involved in women's education, and was a suffragist. She initiated a reading circle and a Shakespeare club, was one of the founders of the Local Council of Women of Halifax and the Victoria School of Art and Design (now the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design). From 1888 to 1893, <mask> lived with her daughter Avis and her grandchildren in Kassel, Germany. On her way back to Canada, she met her son Louis again, after nineteen years of separation. He had returned to Siam in 1881, had become an officer in the Siamese royal cavalry and a teak trader. From his marriage to Caroline Knox -- a daughter of Sir Thomas George Knox, the British consul-general in Bangkok, and his Thai wife, Prang Yen -- he had two children, aged two and five years. After the death of his wife, he entrusted them to his mother's care, who took them with her to Canada, while Louis returned to Siam.<mask> met Chulalongkorn again when both visited London in 1897, thirty years after she had left Siam. During this audience the king took the opportunity to express his thanks in person but he also voiced his dismay at the inaccuracies in Leonowens' books. According to Leonowens' granddaughter <mask>, who had accompanied her, the king asked: "why did you write such a wicked book about my father King Mongkut? You know that you have made him utterly ridiculous". In response, according to Fyshe, Leonowens insisted that she had written "the whole truth" and that Mongkut had indeed been "a ridiculous and a cruel, wicked man". With her granddaughter <mask>, <mask> stayed in Leipzig, Germany, until 1901. She studied Sanskrit and classical Indian literature with the renowned Indology professor Ernst Windisch of the Leipzig University, while her granddaughter studied piano at the Royal Conservatory of Music.In 1901, she moved to Montreal, Quebec, where she lectured Sanskrit at McGill University. She delivered her last lecture at the age of 78. <mask> died on 19 January 1915, at 83 years of age. She was interred in Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal. The headstone identifies her as the "Beloved Wife of Major Thomas Lorne <mask>", despite her husband never having risen beyond the rank of paymaster sergeant. In popular culture
Margaret Landon's novel <mask> and the King of Siam (1944) provides a fictionalised look at <mask>'s years at the royal court and develops the abolitionist theme that resonated with her American readership. In 1946, Talbot Jennings and Sally Benson adapted it into the screenplay for a dramatic film of the same name, starring Irene Dunne and Rex Harrison.In response, Thai authors Seni and Kukrit Pramoj wrote their own account in 1948 and sent it to American politician and diplomat Abbot Low Moffat (1901–1996), who drew on it for his biography Mongkut, the King of Siam (1961). Moffat donated the Pramoj brothers' manuscript to the Library of Congress in 1961. Landon had, however, created the iconic image of <mask>, and "in the mid-20th century she came to personify the eccentric Victorian female traveler". The novel was adapted as a hit musical by Rodgers and Hammerstein, The King and I (1951), starring Gertrude Lawrence and Yul Brynner, which ran 1,246 performances on Broadway and was also a hit in London and on tour. In 1956, a film version was released, with Deborah Kerr starring in the role of <mask> and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Revived many times on stage,  Brynner starred in revivals until his death in 1985. The humorous depiction of Mongkut as a polka-dancing despot, as well as the king's and <mask>'s apparent romantic feeling for each other, is condemned as disrespectful in Thailand, where the Rodgers and Hammerstein film and musical were banned by the government.The 1946 film version of <mask> and the King of Siam, starring Rex Harrison as Mongkut  and Irene Dunne as <mask>, was allowed to be shown in Thailand, although it was banned in newly independent India as an inaccurate insult by westerners to an Eastern king. In 1950, the Thai government did not permit the film to be shown for the second time in Thailand. The books Romance in the Harem and An English Governess at the Siamese Court were not banned in Thailand. There were even Thai translations of these books by the Ob Chaivasu, a  Thai humor writer. During a visit to the United States in 1960, the monarch of Thailand, King Bhumibol (a great-grandson of Mongkut), and his entourage explained that from what they could gather from the reviews of the musical, the characterisation of Mongkut seemed "90 percent exaggerated. My great-grandfather was really quite a mild and nice man." Years later, during her 1985 visit to New York, Bhumibol's wife, Queen Sirikit, went to see the Broadway musical at the invitation of Yul Brynner.The then ambassador of Thailand to the US gave another reason for Thailand's disapproval of The King and I: its ethno-centric attitude and its barely hidden insult to the whole Siamese nation by portraying its people as childish and inferior to the Westerners. In 1972, Twentieth Century Fox produced a non-musical American TV series for CBS, Anna and the King, with Samantha Eggar taking the part of <mask> and Brynner reprising his role as the king. Margaret Landon charged the makers with "inaccurate and mutilated portrayals" of her literary property and sued unsuccessfully for copyright infringement. The series was not a success and was cancelled after only 13 episodes. In 1999 an animated film using the songs of the musical was released by Warner Bros. Animation. In the same year, Jodie Foster and Chow Yun-fat starred in a new feature-length cinematic adaptation of <mask>' books, also titled Anna and the King.One Thai critic complained that the filmmakers had made Mongkut "appear like a cowboy"; this version was also banned by censors in Thailand. <mask> appears as a character in Paul Marlowe's novel Knights of the Sea, in which she travels from Halifax to Baddeck in 1887 to take part in a campaign to promote women's suffrage during a by-election. See also
 Reginald Johnston — the Scottish tutor to Aisin-Gioro Puyi the last emperor of China. His story was also dramatised in films such as The Last Emperor. Joseph Caulfield James — the English tutor to King Vajiravudh of Siam
 Katharine Carl — an American painter and author at the court of the Empress Dowager Cixi of China
 Maria Guyomar de Pinha —  Siamese woman of mixed Japanese-Portuguese-Bengali ancestry credited for having introduced new dessert recipes in Siamese cuisine at the Ayutthaya court, some of them influenced by Portuguese cuisine. Notes

References
Bristowe, W. S. Louis and the King of Siam, Chatto & Windus, 1976,
Dow, Leslie Smith. <mask>: A Life Beyond The King and I, Pottersfield Press, 1992,

Habegger, Alfred and Foley, Gerard.<mask> and <mask> in Western Australia, 1853–1857, State Records Office of W. Australia, Occasional Paper, March 2010
Morgan, Susan. Bombay Anna: The Real Story and Remarkable Adventures of the King and I Governess, University of California Press, 2008,
Seni Pramoj and Kukrit Pramoj. The King of Siam speaks

External links

 Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Louis T. Leonowens (Thailand) Ltd., the company founded by <mask>'s son
(Thai) "<mask>: Who says she's a compulsive liar?" - Art and Culture Magazine
(Thai)  Art and Culture Magazine, English translation here. (Thai) "King Mongkut set up 'secret mission' disguising Sir John and <mask>, hid Laos in Khmer" - Art and Culture Magazine
(Thai) "King Mongkut’s letters to <mask>: When Madame Teacher plays political negotiator" - Art and Culture Magazine

British autobiographers
British schoolteachers
British governesses
1831 births
1915 deaths
British feminists
British suffragists
British travel writers
British expatriates in Australia
British expatriates in Canada
British expatriates in Germany
British expatriates in Thailand
British expatriates in the United States
British people of Anglo-Indian descent
People from Ahmednagar
NSCAD University people
1860s in Siam
Expatriates in the Rattanakosin Kingdom
Women of the Victorian era
British women travel writers
19th-century British writers
Royal governesses
Burials at Mount Royal Cemetery
British Sanskrit scholars
McGill University

masks:
Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Anna Fyshe
Anna
Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna
Anna Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna
Anna
Anna
Leonowens
Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Anna
Thomas Leonowens
Leonowens
Anna Leonowens
Anna
Anna


title: Ferdinand Richardt

texts:
<mask> (10 April 1819 – 29 October 1895) was a Danish-American artist. In Denmark he is known for his lithographs of manor houses, and in the U.S. for his paintings of Niagara Falls and other landscapes. <mask>, the son of <mask> and Johanne Frederikke née Bohse, was born in Brede, north of Copenhagen in 1819. His father ran the inn/company store at the Brede factory. In 1832 the family relocated to nearby Ørholm to operate the inn at the paper-factory there. In 1839, they moved to Copenhagen. Richardt became briefly a carpenter's apprentice in 1835, but soon decided on a career in fine art, following the lead of his brother Carl.Beginning in 1836 Richardt studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Art under the architect and designer Gustav Friedrich Hetsch, the historical painter J. L. Lund and the classical sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. Richardt was awarded the Academy's small and large silver medals in 1839 and 1840, respectively. In 1847, he received a five-year stipend from the crown, on the condition that he deliver one architectural and one landscape painting each year to the royal collection. Between 1855 and 1859 he visited in the United States. He maintained a studio in New York City while traveling during the summers to Niagara Falls and to various destinations east of the Mississippi River. After returning to Denmark, Richardt married the widow Sophia Schneider née Linnemann (1831–1888) in 1862. They traveled for part of a year in southern Europe, and from 1863 they lived for a period in England.In February 1864, Queen Victoria invited Richardt to display his art work to the court at Windsor Castle. In 1872 and 1873, Richardt sold many of his accumulated paintings and lithographs before emigrating to the United States with his family. They lived first in the town of Niagara Falls, N.Y., where the artist again produced canvases depicting the great waterfall and the surrounding area. In 1875, the Richardts moved to San Francisco, and finally in 1876 to Oakland. For the remaining twenty years of his life Richardt was active as a painter of California landscapes with a concentration on the San Francisco Bay Area. He exhibited and sold his works in San Francisco until at least 1887. At the same time he taught drawing privately.He died during 1895 in Oakland, California. At his death, Richardt left a daughter, Johanna (1862–1897), and a stepson, Joost Schneider. Paintings

Richardt created hundreds of oil paintings, mostly of landscapes, castles, manors, and various tourist attractions. He was a recognized painter in his own lifetime. Today, his paintings are held and exhibited by museums and other public institutions in the United States and Denmark; two hang in The White House,

Richardt's 1856 painting Niagara Falls was chosen to be the backdrop for the customary luncheon following the Second inauguration of Barack Obama in Statuary Hall. New York Senator Charles Schumer, the Chair of the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, stated why he chose the painting: "For me as a New Yorker, Niagara Falls never fails to inspire a tremendous awe for the natural beauty of our great country. Then and now, the mighty falls symbolize the grandeur, power and possibility of America."Drawings and Lithographs

During the 1840s, '50s, and '60s, Richardt travelled in Denmark and Sweden, and made numerous drawings of manor houses and estates. These were lithographed with the best techniques of the time, and published along with descriptions by well-known historians in the books:
 Views of Danish Manors (Prospecter af danske Herregaarde), 80 portfolios 1844–68 showing a total of 240 manor houses. Republished with condensed text in 1976. Danish Churches, Castles, Manors and Memorials (Danske Kirker, Slotte, Herregaarde og Mindesmærker), 12 portfolios 1867–68 with a total of 56 pictures. Scanian Manors (Skånska herregårdar), 24 portfolios 1852–63, with a total of 78 pictures. Manors in Södermanland (Herregårdar uti Södermanland), 12 portfolios 1864-69 with a total of 57 pictures, some in color. Richardt drew a vast number of pictures besides those published.These served as studies for his hundreds of oil paintings and for other print works. At his death, more than 1,000 Danish and American drawings passed to his daughter, and later to his stepson. The drawings were considered to be lost, until the 1990s when American scholar and cultural historian Melinda Young Stuart located them in the possession of Justine van Hemert Keller, the grandchild of Richardt's stepson. Over 500 of the original drawings, on which Richardt's paintings and lithographs were based, are preserved in the archives of Denmark's Nationalmuseet, a gift of the artist's great-granddaughter. Other drawings are held at the Oakland Museum of California, the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, and elsewhere. In 2003, more than 100 of the newly found drawings were reproduced, along with other works by Richardt in the book Danish Manorhouses and America (see below). A copy of this book was presented as a gift by the Danish prime minister's wife to the American First Lady when she came to Copenhagen on an official visit.In 2007, 55 of <mask>'s American drawings were exhibited at the Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute; a catalogue was published (see below). The exhibit later traveled to the Grand Rapids Art Museum, where it was on view during the summer of 2008. Gallery

References

Other Sources
 Paul D. Schweizer; Melinda Young Stuart, <mask>t: Drawings of America, 1855-1859 (Utica, NY: Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute Museum of Art, 2007). .
 Melinda Young Stuart; Niels Peter Stilling: Danish Manorhouses and America,  Landscape Art of <mask> (1819-1895) (published by Søllerød Museum, Denmark, 2003) . (Danish title: Danske Herregårde og Amerika). The text by Stilling is in Danish, that by Stuart in English. Melinda Young Frye: <mask> <mask> (1819-1895), a Danish Artist in the American Landscape (1855-1859)  (M.A. thesis, George Washington University, Washington DC, 1993)

External links
 White Mountain Art & Artists
 Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute's exhibition of drawings in 2007
 New Hampshire Historical Society on art and tourism in the White Mountains 1850-1900
 Niagara Falls Painting Highlighted at Presidential Inauguration Luncheon

1819 births
1895 deaths
19th-century Danish painters
Danish male painters
American lithographers
Danish emigrants to the United States
Hudson River School painters
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
People from Lyngby-Taarbæk Municipality

masks:
Joachim Ferdinand Richardt
Life Ferdinand Richardt
Johan Joachim Richardt
Richardt
Ferdinand Richard
Ferdinand Richardt
Joachim Ferdinand
Richardt


title: Jack Dee

texts:
<mask> (born 24 September 1961), known professionally as <mask>, is an English stand-up comedian, actor, presenter and writer known for his sarcasm, irony and deadpan humour. He wrote and starred in the sitcom Lead Balloon and hosts the panel show I'm Sorry I Haven't A Clue. His UK television appearances include being a team captain on Shooting Stars and hosting Jack <mask>: Live at the Apollo, which was nominated for a BAFTA in 2006. He also presented The <mask> Show, <mask>'s Saturday Night and <mask>'s Happy Hour. He won Celebrity Big Brother 1 in 2001. Early life and education
<mask> was the youngest of three children born to Rosemary (née Stamper) and <mask>, after <mask> and <mask>. He was born in the Municipal Borough of Bromley, Kent (now within the London Borough of Bromley) and grew up in Petts Wood before moving with his family to Winchester when he was young.His father was a printer and his mother was the daughter of two repertory actors, Henry Lionel Pope Stamper (1906–1985) and Edna May Howard Innes (1904–1969). <mask> was educated at both independent and state schools. His first school, The Pilgrims' School, a preparatory school in Winchester, was followed by the state Montgomery of Alamein School for his secondary education, and for a period he attended Frensham Heights School. He took his A-levels at Peter Symonds' College, and left with a D and an F grade. Following this, he planned to attend drama college, but his plans were scuppered when his mother persuaded him to get a vocation, and so he entered the catering industry and became a waiter. Career

<mask>'s first public act was an open-mic gig in 1986 at The Comedy Store, which he went to one evening after work. He was encouraged to write additional material and to tour the circuit.Since the 1990s he has performed sell-out acts at many high-profile venues (including the London Palladium and the Hammersmith Apollo). After he scooped the British Comedy Award for Best Stage Newcomer in 1991, <mask> was offered his own show; The Jack <mask> Show first went out on Channel 4 in February 1992, bringing him to a wider audience. His combination of stand-up routines on television continued with <mask>'s Saturday Night on ITV, <mask>'s Happy Hour in 1997 and later <mask> Live at the Apollo in 2004 on BBC One. In 1996, he starred alongside Jeremy Hardy in Jack and Jeremy's Real Lives, a collection of mockumentaries similar to their previous collaboration, <mask> and Jeremy's Police 4. Each episode would focus on the pair playing bizarre characters from a particular profession. Shot on film and featuring no laugh track, the show failed to catch on. After three episodes it was moved to air after midnight.The pilot featured Sacha Baron Cohen being electrocuted. Aside from his successful stand-up career, <mask> has played starring roles and guest appearances in television series. He played the part of Doug Digby in the Grimleys pilot (1997) before the role was recast for the series, and made guest appearances on such programmes as Silent Witness, Dalziel and Pascoe and Jonathan Creek. In 2001, he won Celebrity Big Brother (then linked to fundraising for Comic Relief). During evictions, he dressed up in a tweed jacket and cap and held his packed suitcase, hoping to be voted out. During the eviction of another housemate he briefly absconded to sneak a quick kiss with his wife. He also escaped for several hours at night-time.He has subsequently said that he dislikes the treatment of the housemates by the show and its producers, and has refused all permission for any of the clips to be shown again. In 2004, he played the role of Steven Sharples MP the self-styled 'Deputy Home Secretary' alongside Warren Clarke and Dervla Kirwan in The Deputy. <mask>'s performance was praised, though the film itself received a lukewarm response. Later that year he starred in another one-off drama, Tunnel of Love. He was the celebrity advocate in Britain's Best Sitcom for Fawlty Towers and presented an hour-long documentary about the series. In 2005, he co-hosted Comic Aid, a one-off gathering of comedians that aimed to raise money for the Asian Tsunami Appeal. In May of the same year he appeared on the "Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car" segment of the BBC Two series Top Gear, achieving a lap time of 1:53.5 (52nd on the Suzuki Liana leader board).His series Lead Balloon, which he also co-wrote, began on BBC Four on 4 October 2006. Described as "Britain's answer to Curb Your Enthusiasm", Lead Balloon sees <mask> play the semi-biographical role of Rick Spleen. A second series of eight episodes was commissioned and was broadcast on BBC Two in 2007, with a third series debuting on Thursday 13 November 2008. A fourth series finished on the BBC on 5 July 2011. He also starred as Harry in the 2005 film Short Order. In February 2009, it was announced that <mask> would be one of a trio of hosts to replace the late Humphrey Lyttelton for the summer series of I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue (the others being Stephen Fry and Rob Brydon). He subsequently became the permanent host from the 52nd series onwards.He is also a frequent guest on QI and Have I Got News for You, which he has guest-presented ten times, and he hosts segments of the BBC's biennial Comic Relief telethon. He starred in advertisements for John Smith's Bitter in the 1990s, becoming known as "the midget with the widget". He made his stage debut in 1998, playing Yvan in Yasmina Reza's Olivier award-winning 'Art'. He later returned as Serge for a 13-week run at the request of the director. In 2008, <mask> took part in the 15th anniversary special of Shooting Stars where he replaced Will Self as captain of Team A. The show aired on 30 December 2008 on BBC2. <mask> returned as team captain in series 6 of Shooting Stars on 26 August 2009, and again for the 7th series.Over Christmas 2009, <mask> played the role of John Tweedledum in The News at Bedtime. In 2010, <mask> took part in Channel 4's Comedy Gala, a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London on 30 March. In 2013, <mask> joined Dara Ó Briain, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Mel C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised more than £1 million for the charity. In 2017 <mask> co-wrote and starred in Bad Move, a sitcom about a middle-aged man and his wife (played by Kerry Godliman) who move from the city to a country cottage in search of the rural dream, which becomes more of a nightmare. A second series was broadcast in 2018. Filmography

Personal life
<mask> met Susan Jane Hetherington in 1986, when he was working as a waiter in Fulham and she was a receptionist at a nearby hotel.They married in Winchester, Hampshire, in 1989. The couple divide their time between a family home in Wandsworth, London and a holiday house near Chichester, West Sussex. Together, they have four children. <mask> suffers from depression, and he has claimed that his work is the best therapy for his condition, saying "if you have the impulse to be creative, you ignore it at your peril". In his twenties, <mask> worked at the Ritz in Central London and started drinking heavily. He attended church and attempted to become a priest. After he realised that was not for him he gave it up, and never quit drinking, although he would later describe his condition as "alcohol abuse" rather than alcoholism, which was the diagnosis at the time.Since the 1990s, he has advertised John Smith's Bitter, becoming known as "the midget with the widget". Following his appearance on Celebrity Big Brother, he had a relapse, though did not attend AA meetings because he did not want paparazzi photographing him leaving the meetings. In 2007, the Daily Express reported that he was in negotiations with publishers to release his autobiography. He signed with Doubleday in 2008 and the book, Thanks For Nothing: The Jack Dee Memoirs, was released in October 2009, along with an audiobook of the same title which he narrates. According to <mask>, "it's really the story of how I got into comedy... It's kind of an autobiography but isn't, as it stops about 25 years ago. It goes right up to the first time I do stand up."In February 2009, <mask> and several other entertainers wrote an open letter to The Times supporting Baháʼí leaders, then on trial in Iran. <mask> is a director of Open Mike Productions, co-founded with Addison Cresswell, which produces shows for television and radio including Michael McIntyre's Comedy Roadshow and Alan Carr: Chatty Man. Awards and nominations

Books
 Thanks For Nothing (Doubleday, 2009)
 What is Your Problem? (Quercus, 2021)

Stand-up VHS & DVDs
Live at the Duke of York's Theatre  (1992)
Live at the London Palladium (10 October 1994)
Live in London (10 November 1997)
Live and Uncut (13 December 1999)
Live at the Apollo (18 November 2002)
Live Again (14 November 2005)
So What? Live (18 November 2013)

References

External links
<mask> at Off the Kerb Productions

 Guide to Comedy
<mask> at the British Film Institute

1961 births
Living people
Big Brother (British TV series) winners
English male comedians
English stand-up comedians
English male television actors
People educated at Peter Symonds College
People from Petts Wood
People from Winchester
Male actors from Kent
People educated at Frensham Heights School
People from Bromley
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English television writers
English male writers
20th-century English comedians
21st-century English comedians
British male television writers

masks:
James Andrew Innes Dee
Jack Dee
Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee
Geoffrey Dee
Joanna Innes Dee
David Simon Innes Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee
Jack
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Jack Dee
Jack Dee


title: Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia

texts:
Prince <mask> of Russia (7 July [O.S. 24 June] 1907 – 24 June 1989) was the sixth son and youngest child of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. He was a nephew of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia. Born in Imperial Russia during the reign of his paternal second cousin and maternal uncle Nicholas II, he was on vacation in Crimea at the fall of the Russian monarchy. He was joined there by his immediate family. They escaped the fate of many of his relatives killed by the Bolsheviks. He left Russia in April 1919, at age 11.In the late 1920s, he emigrated to the United States where he met Princess Natalia Golitsyna. They married in 1931. The couple had one daughter and lived for decades in Woodside, California. Early life
Prince <mask> <mask> Romanov was born at  Gatchina Palace on 7 July 1907, the sixth son and last of the seven children of Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia. Although a grandson of Emperor Alexander III through his mother, he was not entitled to the title Grand Duke of Russia because he was only a great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I in the male line through his father. He was a sickly child and after his birth there was some doubts that he would survive so he was baptized in the nursery. Shortly after his birth his parents started to live separate lives.Prince <mask> spent his early years in Imperial Russia during the reign of his maternal uncle Tsar Nicholas II. At the fall of Russian monarchy in February 1917 <mask>, aged ten, was on vacation in Ai-Todor, his father's estate in Crimea. By the end of March both of his parents, all his siblings and their grandmother Empress Maria Feodorovna were also in Crimea. After the Russian Revolution, when the Bolsheviks seized power in October 1917, Prince <mask> along with his parents, siblings and grandmother the Dowager Empress were placed under house arrest at Ai-Todor. On 11 March 1918 they were transferred with other Romanovs relatives to Dulber, the estate of Grand Duke Peter Nikolaevich in Crimea. He escaped the fate of a number of his Romanov relatives imprisoned who were murdered by the Bolsheviks when he was freed with the Romanovs in his group by German troops in May 1918. He escaped from Russia on 11 April 1919 with the help of his great aunt Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom (née Princess Alexandra of Denmark), Dowager Empress Maria's sister.King George V of the United Kingdom sent the British warship HMS Marlborough which brought <mask>'s family and other Romanovs from the Crimea over the Black Sea to Malta and then to England. Prince <mask>, who was eleven years old at the time, spent the rest of his life in exile. Exile
During his first years in exile, Prince <mask> lived in England with his mother. In the late 1920s, he emigrated to the United States where he spent the rest of his life. <mask> earned a living by finding work as a cabin boy, shipyard worker, stockbroker, winemaker and a chicken farmer in northern California. <mask> married in New York City on 31 July 1931, Princess Natalia Golitsyna (Moscow 26 October 1907 – Woodside 28 March 1989), a fellow Russian exile – they met in the United States. Natalia was a distant cousin of Prince Rostislav's wife.Her sister, Princess Olga Golitsyna, married <mask>, who would become the second husband of <mask>'s niece, Princess Xenia Andreevna. Princess Natalia came from one of Russia's most aristocratic families, the noble Golitsyns. Her father, Prince Alexander Golitsyn, the son of the governor of Moscow, was a country doctor. Her mother belonged to the Lyubov family. Princess Natalia escaped revolutionary Russia with her family in 1920 through Siberia to China. In 1927, they moved to the United States. For a time, she pursued a career as an actress playing small parts in the theater and in silent films.<mask> met Princess Natalia Golitsyna in 1931, marrying her a few months later. The couple moved to Northern California in 1934. They lived for the rest of their lives in a house, 30 km. south of San Francisco. <mask> and his wife had one daughter:

 Princess Marina Romanov (born in San Francisco 22 May 1940); married in Woodside, California on 8 January 1967 (divorced) William Beadleston (born in Long Branch, New Jersey 31 July 1938) an art dealer. They had four children: Tatiana (b. 1968) Alexandra (b.1970) Nicholas (b. 1971) Natalie (b. 1976). Princess Marina Romanov is now married to Daniel Stanberry and lives in Aspen, Colorado. They have one daughter. In 1980, <mask> was appointed president of the Romanov Family Association in succession to his brother <mask> Alexandrovich. He remained president until his death in Woodside, California aged 81.He was buried at the Serbian Cemetery in San Francisco. Arms
It is often alleged that <mask>'s marriage with Princess Golitsyna would have been morganatic. However, Romanov biographer Pieter Broek holds that it was as acceptable dynastically as the Bagrationi marriage of <mask>'s cousin, Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia. Since the extinction of the Korecki family in the 17th century, the Golitsyns have claimed dynastic seniority in the House of Gediminas. The Gediminids were a dynasty of monarchs of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century and Emperor Peter I had permitted the Golitsyns to incorporate the emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into their coat of arms. Ancestry

References

Further reading
Van Der Kiste, John & Hall Coryne. Once a Grand Duchess: Xenia, Sister of Nicholas II, Sutton Publishing, 2002. .

About Prince <mask> of Russia

1907 births
1989 deaths
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
House of Romanov in exile
People from Gatchina
People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
People from Woodside, California
Princes of royal blood (Russia)

masks:
Vasili Alexandrovich
Vasili
Alexandrovich
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili
Prince Vasili
Geoffrey Tooth
Vasili
Prince Vasili
Prince Vasili
Prince Vasili
Prince Dmitry
Vasili
Vasili
Vasili


title: Maura Tierney

texts:
<mask> is an American film, stage, and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Lisa Miller on the sitcom NewsRadio (1995–1999), Abby Lockhart on the medical drama ER (1999–2009), and Helen Solloway on the mystery drama The Affair (2014–2019), the last of which won her a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Tierney appeared in numerous films, including Primal Fear (1996), Liar Liar (1997), Primary Colors (1998), Forces of Nature (1999), Insomnia (2002), Semi-Pro (2008), Baby Mama (2008), Beautiful Boy (2018), and The Report (2019). Early life
Tierney was born and raised in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest of three children in an Irish American Catholic family. Her mother Pat (née James) is a real estate broker, while her father, the late Joseph M<mask>, was a prominent Boston politician who served on the Boston City Council for 15 years. Tierney attended Mount Alvernia Academy Elementary School and Notre Dame Academy in Hingham, Massachusetts, where she studied  drama, which led to her appearance at the Boston Globe Drama Festival. After graduation, she attended New York University, where she majored first in dance and then in drama.Career
After appearing in several plays, <mask> moved to Los Angeles in 1987, earning her big break with a role in Disney's made-for-TV film Student Exchange. <mask>'s first starring role in a film was in a low-budget independent film called Dead Women in Lingerie, which was shot in 24 days. <mask> had a number of small roles in film and television and a co-starring role in 704 Hauser, a short-lived 1994 spin-off of All in the Family. She first received regular national exposure with her leading role in the sitcom NewsRadio from 1995 to 1999. While part of the NewsRadio cast, she also starred in several successful films of the late 1990s and early 2000s such as Primal Fear, Liar Liar, Primary Colors, Forces of Nature and Welcome to Mooseport. After NewsRadio was canceled, <mask> decided not to star in another sitcom:

From 1999 to 2008, <mask> played Nurse Abigail "Abby" Lockhart on ER, a character that began as a guest appearance in November 1999 and then expanded in February 2000 to a full-time regular role as an ER nurse and later after completion of medical school, a doctor. She was reunited with her NewsRadio co-star Khandi Alexander, who at that time also had a recurring role on ER.Within a year, <mask>'s work on ER earned her an Emmy Award nomination, a recognition she credits to a "juicy" story arc featuring Sally Field as Lockhart's mother Maggie Wyczenski, who has bipolar disorder. <mask> confirmed in April 2008 that she would be leaving ER shortly after the beginning of the show's fifteenth season. In October 2008, she made her final regular appearance on the series after nearly 10 seasons on the show. She returned to make a cameo appearance in one additional episode later in 2009 toward the end of the final season. <mask>'s highest-profile film while being part of the ER cast was the 2002 film Insomnia, which was directed by Christopher Nolan. That same year, she also starred in Scotland, Pa. where she portrayed a Lady Macbeth-like character written specifically for her by Billy Morrissette, her husband at the time. She was praised by critics for her performance.She also collaborated with NewsRadio writer Joe Furey for a special "Working with Joe Furey" featurette for Furey's film Love and Support. In 2004, Tierney won the second-season tournament of Bravo's Celebrity Poker Showdown against Lauren Graham, who had a guest role in the fourth season of NewsRadio. <mask> returned to the stage in May 2006 in an appearance opposite Eric McCormack in the Off Broadway premiere of Some Girl(s). She also appeared in the 2008 films Semi-Pro, Baby Mama, The Go-Getter and Finding Amanda. <mask> also played the role of Laurel in the Off Broadway play Three Changes with Dylan McDermott from September 16 to October 4, 2008. <mask> returned to television, playing the recurring character Kelly McPhee on the FX series Rescue Me in 2009 and 2011 during its final season. She replaced Joely Richardson as the female lead of the 2010 ABC television series The Whole Truth after Richardson left to spend more time with her family.<mask>'s role in the show, a legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, marked her return to television after recovering from breast surgery and cancer treatments. ABC canceled The Whole Truth after four episodes owing to low ratings. In 2010, <mask> became a member of the New York City-based experimental theatre company The Wooster Group. She performed along with  Frances McDormand in the Wooster Group's 2010 remounting of North Atlantic, directed by Elizabeth LeCompte. From 2016 to 2019, she played the feminist Germaine Greer in  The Town Hall Affair, also directed by LeCompte. <mask> herself conceived the idea for this play, which recreates a raucous debate on Women's Liberation that Norman Mailer organized with prominent feminists in 1971. In February 2011, <mask> made her debut at the Gate Theatre in the Dublin premiere of Yasmina Reza's God of Carnage (translation by Christopher Hampton) alongside Ardal O'Hanlon.Also in 2011, <mask> appeared in one episode of The Office (S8E9: Mrs. California) as Robert California's wife. In September 2012, <mask> began a recurring role on the CBS legal drama The Good Wife, playing Maddie Hayward. The role included scenes with the show's lead character Alicia Florrick, as played by Julianna Margulies; the two actors had previously worked together on ER, Margulies like <mask> having previously played a lead character on that show. In 2013, <mask> joined the cast of Showtime's The Affair, playing Helen Solloway, for which she won the Golden Globe Award in 2016. In 2018, <mask> co-starred with Steve Carell and Timothée Chalamet in the dark family drama film Beautiful Boy, based on the memoir of the same name by David Sheff. In 2019, <mask> appeared in The Report as "an intense, driven, somewhat vengeful Counterterrorism expert determined to get behind any program that promises to get the intel that will stop another attack from happening." In 2019, <mask> originated the lead role of Elizabeth in the West Coast premiere of Jen Silverman's play Witch at the Geffen Playhouse, directed by Marti Lyons.In March 2020, <mask> joined the cast of Showtime's American Rust. In October 2020, <mask> joined the cast of Showtime's Your Honor. Personal life
<mask> married actor-director Billy Morrissette on February 1, 1993, two days before her 28th birthday after the two met on the set of an unaired television series. She filed for divorce in 2006 due to irreconcilable differences. On February 1, 2009, <mask> officiated at the wedding of her friend and former ER co-star Parminder Nagra to photographer James Stenson. <mask> had surgery to remove a tumor from her breast in 2009. She had been cast in Parenthood but schedule conflicts with her cancer treatments led her to leave and she was replaced by Lauren Graham.<mask> finished treatment and returned to work in a stage play in 2010. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American people of Irish descent
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Circle in the Square Theatre School alumni
Living people
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
Actresses from Boston
People from Hyde Park, Boston
1965 births

masks:
Maura Therese Tierney
. Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney


title: Lilian Lenton

texts:
<mask> (5 January 1891 – 28 October 1972) was an English dancer, suffragette, and winner of a French Red Cross medal for her service as an orderly in World War I. Early years
<mask> was born in Leicester in 1891, the eldest of five children born to <mask> (1867–1930), a carpenter-joiner, and his wife Mahalah (née Bee) (1864–1920), a housewife. On leaving school she trained to be a dancer, but, after hearing Emmeline Pankhurst speak, she " ... made up my mind that night that as soon as I was twenty-one and my own boss ... I would volunteer". On attaining that age, she joined the Women's Social and Political Union, and with fellow members took part in a window-smashing campaign in March 1912. She was jailed for two months under the alias "Ida Inkley". Notoriety

In early 1913, with Olive Wharry, she began a series of arson attacks in London, and was arrested in February 1913 on suspicion of having set on fire the Tea House at Kew Gardens.In Holloway Prison she held a hunger strike for two days before being forcibly fed, which caused her to become seriously ill with pleurisy caused by food entering her lungs. It took two doctors and seven wardens to restrain her. She was quickly and quietly released. Her case created an outrage among the public, made worse by the fact that the Home Secretary, Reginald McKenna, denied that she had been force fed and that her illness was actually caused by her hunger strike. However, Home Office papers show that she was force fed on 23 February 1913. A letter to The Times in 1913, from Victor Horsley, a leading surgeon, claimed "...the Home Secretary's attempted denial that <mask> was nearly killed by the forcible feeding is worthless...she was tied into a chair and her head dragged backward across the back of the chair by her hair. The tube was forced through the nose twice .. . after the second introduction when the food was poured in, it caused violent choking." To avoid more such political embarrassment, the Government rushed through its "Cat and Mouse Act" in April 1913, which stated that hunger-striking suffragette "mice" could be released on temporary licence to recover their health, when the security forces could re-arrest them. In June 1913 Lenton was arrested in Doncaster and charged as "May Dennis" with being on the premises of an unoccupied house which had been set on fire. She was released from Armley Prison in Leeds after several days; on this occasion there had been no attempt to force feed her. Her accomplice in the arson attack was an 18-year-old local journalist called Harry Johnson, who was sentenced to 12 months with hard labour in Wakefield Prison. In July 1913 the police in Leeds were searching for Lenton when an elaborate plot was hatched, while she way staying with Frank Rutter, Director of the Leeds Art Gallery, to enable her to escape in a delivery van, driven by Leonora Cohen dressed as a baker's man while Lenton swapped places with Nora Duval dressed as an errand boy reading a comic and eating an apple. Taxis took her to Harrogate, then Scarborough, from where she escaped to France in a private yacht.The Criminal Record Office issued a surveillance photograph of her (see above right) taken secretly in the exercise yard of Holloway Prison, in the accompanying details of which she is described as being 5 feet 2 inches tall with brown eyes and hair. Lenton later stated, "Whenever I was out of prison my object was to burn two buildings a week… The object was to create an absolutely impossible condition of affairs in the country, to prove it was impossible to govern without the consent of the governed." She was arrested in October 1913 while collecting a bicycle from the left luggage office at Paddington Station, and while on remand went on a hunger strike and a thirst strike, for which she was again forcibly fed. Her physical health again being seriously affected by this treatment, she was released on licence for 5 days into the care of a Mrs Diplock of London, but again absconded. <mask> was rearrested on 22 December 1913, on a charge of setting fire to a house in Cheltenham. She was recognised from her police surveillance photograph, and imprisoned, when she commenced another hunger and thirst strike, being released at 11 a.m. into the care of Mrs Impey of Birmingham, from whose home she absconded yet again, remaining at large until early May 1914 when she was rearrested at Birkenhead. Held on remand and awaiting trial at the Leeds Assizes for the arson committed at Doncaster, she again went on hunger and thirst strike until she was released on 12 May 1914.Because of the frequency of her escapes Lenton became known as the "tiny, wily, elusive Pimpernel". She received a Hunger Strike Medal "for Valour" from the WSPU. The Women's Social and Political Union suspended their militant campaign in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I to focus on the war effort. During this time women worked in jobs traditionally done by men, proving they could do them just as well and silencing one of the last arguments against women's suffrage. After the war the Representation of the People Act 1918 was passed awarding the vote to women householders, or the wives of householders, aged 30 and over. Lenton was unimpressed by this concession, later relating in a BBC documentary, "Personally I didn't vote for a very long time because I hadn't either a husband or furniture, although I was over 30." (She turned 30 in 1921.Women were given equal voting rights to men including lowering the voting age to 21, by the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 when she was 37.) Later years

Just before the First World War Lenton met author D. H. Lawrence when she fled from the police and escaped to the Lake District. He was introduced to her as "a man who's only got one subject, and that's sex". During World War I Lenton served in Serbia with the Scottish Women's Hospitals Unit and was awarded a French Red Cross medal. After the Russian Revolution she travelled in Russia with fellow suffragette Nina Boyle. Lenton later worked in the British Embassy in Stockholm. She was a speaker for the Save the Children Fund, and from 1924 to 1933 was a speaker and travel organiser for the Women's Freedom League, as well as the editor of the League's Bulletin for over 11 years.After working in Scotland in animal welfare Lenton became the financial secretary of the National Union of Women Teachers until 1953. In 1955 she appeared with other former suffragettes in a BBC News broadcast beside the statue of Mrs Pankhurst to mark the 37th anniversary of women getting the vote. She was again filmed in 1959 when she discussed the Cat and Mouse Act. This item was broadcast in January 1960. Finally, she was interviewed for BBC News in October 1961 when she discussed her meeting with D. H. Lawrence. She confessed during the interview that the only one of his books she had read since meeting him was Lady Chatterley's Lover, stating "it must have been an expurgated edition, because I don't remember anything special about it". In 1970, as Treasurer of the Suffragette Fellowship, Lenton unveiled a memorial in Christchurch Gardens, Westminster, dedicated to all the women who had fought to get the vote.<mask> <mask> died in 1972. She never married. See also
Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
List of suffragists and suffragettes

References

External links
BBC video clip of Lenton interviewed at a 1955 Suffragette anniversary
BBC audio clip of Lenton describing the Cat & Mouse Act
Lenton on www.her-stories.co.uk
Lenton on the National Portrait Gallery website
Roll of Honour of Suffragette Prisoners 1905–1914 in The National Archives
"Women, the bullet and the ballot box" The Times, 30 September 2006
Archive recording of Lenton on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour, 11 May 2006

English suffragettes
People from Leicester
1891 births
1972 deaths
British feminists
British women's rights activists
British people of World War I
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
British arsonists
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Hunger Strike Medal recipients

masks:
Lilian ( Lillie ) Ida Lenton
Lillie Lenton
Isaac Lenton
Miss Lenton
Lenton
Lilian
Lenton


title: Vivant Denon

texts:
<mask>, Baron <mask> (4 January 1747 – 27 April 1825) was a French artist, writer, diplomat, author, and archaeologist. <mask> was a diplomat for France under Louis XV and Louis XVI. He was appointed as the first Director of the Louvre museum by Napoleon after the Egyptian campaign of 1798–1801, and is commemorated in the Denon Wing of the modern museum and in the Dominique-Vivant Denon Research Center. His two-volume Voyage dans la basse et la haute Egypte ("Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt"), 1802, was foundational for modern Egyptology. Birth and name

Vivant <mask> was born at Chalon-sur-Saône to a family called "de Non", of the "petite noblesse" or gentry, and until the French Revolution signed himself as  "le chevalier de Non". Like many of the nobility, he revised his surname at the Revolution to lose the "nobiliary particle" "de". He seems to have consistently avoided using his baptised first name "Dominique", preferring his middle name "Vivant", and so is usually known as "Vivant <mask>".He was created "<mask>" by Napoleon in August 1812, at the age of 65. Early life
He was sent to Paris to study law, but he showed a decided preference for art and literature, and soon gave up his profession. In his twenty-third year he produced a comedy, Le Bon Pére, which obtained a succès d'estime, as he had already won a position in society by his agreeable manners and exceptional conversational powers. He became a favorite of Louis XV, who entrusted him with the collection and arrangement of a cabinet of medals and antique gems for Madame de Pompadour, and subsequently appointed him attaché to the French embassy at St. Petersburg. Diplomatic career

On the accession of Louis XVI, <mask> was transferred to Sweden; but he returned, after a brief interval, to Paris with the ambassador M. de Vergennes, who had been appointed foreign minister. In 1775 <mask> was sent on a secret mission to Switzerland, and took the opportunity of visiting Voltaire at Ferney. He made a portrait of the philosopher, which was engraved and published on his return to Paris.His next diplomatic appointment was to Naples, where he spent seven years, first as secretary to the embassy and afterwards as chargé d'affaires. He devoted this period to a careful study of the monuments of ancient art, collecting many specimens and making drawings of others. He also perfected himself in etching and mezzotinto engraving. While in Naples he met Sir William and Lady Hamilton and he etched Lady Hamilton 'posing'. The death of his patron, M. de Vergennes, in 1787, led to his recall, and the rest of his life was given mainly to artistic pursuits. On his return to Paris he was admitted a member of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (1787). After a brief interval he returned to Italy, living chiefly at Venice.He also visited Florence and Bologna, and afterwards went to Switzerland. While there he heard that his property had been confiscated, and his name placed on the list of the proscribed, and with characteristic courage he resolved at once to return to Paris: his situation was critical, but he was spared, thanks to the friendship of the painter David, who obtained for him a commission to furnish designs for republican costumes. When the Revolution was over, <mask> was one of the bands of eminent men who frequented the house of Madame de Beauharnais. Here he met Bonaparte, to whose fortunes he wisely attached himself. Egypt and the Louvre

At Bonaparte's invitation he joined the expedition to Egypt as part of the arts and literature section of the Institut d'Égypte, and thus found the opportunity of gathering the materials for his most important literary and artistic work. He accompanied General Desaix to Upper Egypt, and made numerous sketches of the monuments of ancient art, sometimes under the very fire of the enemy. The results were published in his Voyage dans la basse et la haute Egypte (Journey in Lower and Upper Egypt), published as two volumes in 1802.The work crowned his reputation both as an archaeologist and as an artist, and sparked the Egyptian Revival in architecture and decorative arts. (See: Egyptian Revival architecture and Egyptian revival decorative arts)

On 19 November 1802, he was appointed by Napoleon to the important office of director-general of museums and head of the new Musée Napoléon, which he filled until the Allied occupation of Paris in 1814, when he had to retire. He was a devoted servant of Napoleon, on whose behalf he personally looted vast numbers of works of art in Italy, the Low Countries and Germany and, through agents (including Goya), in Spain, for the Musee Napoleon in Paris. Many of these remain in the Louvre, and elsewhere in France, today. In particular, <mask> was one of the first men to appreciate the importance of the Italian 'primitives'. The majority of those now in the Louvre were looted by <mask> during a sweep he made through Italy in 1812. They were publicly paraded, with elephants
and other wild animals, like a Roman triumph, through the streets of Paris, before being deposited in the Louvre.<mask> took full opportunity, while working for Napoleon, to assemble for himself an enormous collection of paintings, drawings, prints, books, statuary and objets d'art. This collection was sold at auction over several days after <mask>'s death. In 1810 he also assisted the Hermitage Museum in its acquisition of Rosso Fiorentino's Madonna and Child with Cherubs in Paris. Retirement and Death

At the Bourbon Restoration of 1814 <mask> was confirmed in place for a year, but was too closely associated with the former regime to keep the position for long, and was replaced by Auguste de Forbin in 1816. After his forced retirement he began an illustrated history of ancient and modern art, in which he had the cooperation of several skillful engravers. He died at Paris in 1825, leaving the work unfinished. It was published posthumously, with an explanatory text by Amaury Duval, under the title Monuments des arts du dessin chez les peuples tant anciens que modernes, recueillis par Vivant <mask> in 1829.<mask> was also the author of an erotic novel, Point de lendemain, published in 1777 (in 1812 as a separate work), and of a number of erotic etchings. He died in Paris and is buried in the world famous Père Lachaise Cemetery, where his grave is marked by a life-sized statue. Legacy

In Napoleon III's Louvre expansion in the 1850s, <mask>'s name was given to the central pavillon of the Nouveau Louvre's South Wing. In the Grand Louvre project of the late 1980s, the entire South Wing of the Louvre was named after him (aile <mask>, echoing Richelieu to the North and Sully to the East) as part of a signposting concept developed by the Carbone Smolan Agency. Works

  A note at the beginning of this book states 'Point De Lendemain, the authorship of which has also been attributed to <mask> <mask> was first published in 1777'. Hence the authorship being stated as Dorat in Sutton's translation. In fiction
Anthony O'Neill included the character of <mask> <mask> in his novel The Empire of Eternity.Lee Langley has written a biographical novel of <mask>'s life:

Ruth McKenney also includes the character of <mask> <mask> in her novel Mirage. Milan Kundera's Slowness (1995) includes a rewriting of <mask>-<mask>'s Point de lendemain. References and sources

External links

 The Louvre Dominique-Vivant Denon Research Centre

1747 births
1825 deaths
People from Saône-et-Loire
French archaeologists
French Egyptologists
Barons of France
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Directors of the Louvre
Commission des Sciences et des Arts members
Members of the Académie des beaux-arts

masks:
Dominique Vivant
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Baron Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Denon
Vivant
Denon
Vivant
Denon
Denon
Vivant
Denon
Vivant
Denon