title: Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg

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<mask> of Hanau-Münzenberg (1602–1651) was Landgravine consort and Regent of Hesse-Kassel. She married the future William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1619 and became Landgravine upon his ascension to power in 1627. In 1637, military defeats forced her and William V into exile in East Frisia. Later that year, she became regent for their son William VI upon her husband's death. Through skillful diplomacy and military successes in the Thirty Years' War, she advanced the fortunes of Hesse-Kassel and influenced the Peace of Westphalia that brought the conflict to an end. She handed over an enlarged landgraviate to her son when she abdicated upon his majority in 1650. However, her health had deteriorated over the course of the war, and she died soon after her abdication in 1651.Early life

Amalie <mask> was born in 1602 to Philip Louis II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg and Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau. Her mother was a daughter of William the Silent, making Amalie <mask> the niece of her contemporary Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. Through her mother's numerous siblings, Amalie <mask> was also related to many of the other noble houses of Europe. These included the Reformation-minded Wittelsbachs in Heidelberg, where she lived for a while with her aunt, Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau, and her husband Frederick IV, Elector Palatine. After the early death of her father in 1612, she returned to Hanau. She later stayed with her relatives in the Netherlands. In 1618, when Amalie <mask> was 16, the Defenestration of Prague triggered a revolt in Bohemia, beginning the conflict that would come to be known as the Thirty Years’ War.At the time she was engaged to Albrecht Jan Smiřický von Smiřice, one of the six Bohemian nobles at the Defenestration of Prague who threw the Emperor's representative from a window. However, Albrecht Johann Smiřický died later that year, before the couple could be married. There was a quarrel between Amalie <mask> and his heirs over his inheritance, which came to an end when the Habsburgs confiscated it in 1621. Soon after the death of Albrecht Johann Smiřický, Amalie <mask> was engaged to William of Hesse-Kassel. This betrothal was part of a larger effort by William’s father Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, to build alliances with other anti-Habsburg states. Landgravine

Amalie <mask> married William of Hesse-Kassel in 1619. They had their first child, Agnes, in 1620, and would go on to have 12 children together.During the first years of their marriage, William’s father Landgrave Maurice was facing serious internal and external challenges to his authority. Many of these challenges would remain unresolved until Amalie <mask> became regent. In 1604, the ruling family of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Marburg had died out, and the will of its last Landgrave stipulated that its territory should be divided between Landgrave Maurice of Hesse-Kassel and Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, provided they both agreed to preserve the Lutheran faith. However, in 1603 Maurice had converted to Calvinism and he later attempted to convert his half of the Marburg inheritance to his new faith. Louis V, a devout Lutheran, thus challenged Maurice’s right to the inheritance, taking the case to the Aulic Council. Maurice had little reason to think the court would find in his favor, as Calvinism was not one of the legally recognized religions of the Empire. He began forming alliances with anti-Habsburg states, joining the Protestant Union in 1609.In 1623, the Aulic Council ruled in favor of Louis V and awarded Hesse-Darmstadt the entire inheritance and further financial reparations. In 1624 Louis V, who had established connections with the Catholic League, moved to enforce his claim, with Imperial General Tilly occupying Marburg and southern Hesse-Kassel. Landgrave Maurice tried desperately to raise a force to expel Tilly and prevent the annexation, but he was opposed from within Hesse-Kassel by the Landgraviate’s estates, composed of representatives from the local towns and nobility. No new taxes could be levied without the approval of the estates, and because they opposed Maurice’s foreign policy goals they prevented him from raising an army. After years of fruitless struggle, in 1627 the estates forced Maurice to abdicate to his son William. William now became Landgrave William V, with Amalie <mask> as his Landgravine. From the beginning of his reign, William V desired to reverse the humiliating settlement forced on Hesse-Kassel by the Emperor and the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.His anti-Imperial sentiments were further enflamed by the issuing of the Edict of Restitution in 1629, which strengthened Imperial authority and directly threatened his religion. In 1630, when Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden invaded to oppose the Emperor, William V became the first German prince to officially ally with Sweden. Initially, the war went well for the allies, with William V and the Swedes achieving many victories. As the war continued William V began to receive subsidies from France. The allies also eventually occupied several territories in Westphalia, which Gustavus Adolphus granted to William V in lieu of subsidies. These subsidies and territories gave William V an independent source of revenue, preventing the Hessian estates from obstructing his war effort as they had his father’s. When William V was away on military campaigns, Amalie <mask> ran affairs in Hesse-Kassel on his behalf.The Imperial and Spanish troops' victory against Sweden in the 1634 Battle of Nördlingen led many German princes to desert Sweden and sign the Peace of Prague with the Emperor. However, because he was excluded from the general amnesty and because the Peace of Prague did not protect the rights of Calvinists, William V was one of the few princes who refused to make peace. Instead, he signed an alliance with the French, who now officially joined the war on the side of the Swedes. On the 13th of June 1636 William V liberated the city of Hanau, Amalie <mask>’s birthplace, from a siege by Imperial troops. Despite this success the Peace of Prague had decisively shifted the balance of the war in the Emperor’s favor, and military defeats soon left Hesse-Kassel itself under attack by Imperial armies. These defeats forced William V, Amalie <mask>, and their 8 year-old son and heir William to withdraw to the territory of East Frisia, which had been recently occupied by William V’s forces. During this flight, William V and Amalie <mask> had to leave their young daughters Amelia, Charlotte, <mask> and Louise behind in Kassel.William V soon fell ill, and on October 1, 1637, he died in Leer, East Frisia, at age 36. His will named Amalie <mask> as regent for their still underage son, now William VI. The most important instrument of power he left his wife was his army, which had been able to flee to Frisia. Regency

Consolidation of Power
William V's will stipulated that Amalie <mask> should rule at the head of a regency council composed of the former members of his royal council. However, the Landgravine quickly enforced her own authority and diminished the influence of the other regency council members. She accomplished this by frequently flattering the councilors and shaming them when they did not eagerly obey her. She also physically separated them by sending them on frequent diplomatic missions across Europe.Another tactic she used to great effect was delaying decisions when the councilors pushed her to do things she did not wish to do. She even delayed the official establishment of the regency government, thus leaving the councilors’ authority in question. Amalie <mask> also moved quickly to secure control over her late husband’s army. In 17th century Europe, it was considered highly unusual for a female ruler to hold authority over military matters. As a result, after her ascension both Charles Louis, Prince Palatine, and William V’s half-brother Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Eschwege asked to be given command of Hesse-Kassel’s armies. Amalie <mask> rebuffed both advances, telling the Prince Palatine that he should not approach her while he had no lands, funds, or allies, and forcing Landgrave Frederick to accept her authority. Although she was determined to retain control over the army, she did allow its command to remain in the hands of her late husband’s top general, Peter Melander, Count of Holzappel.Retaining Melander was not without risk, as he was notoriously greedy and self-interested, so his defection was always a possibility. Amalie <mask> managed to retain Melander’s loyalty with the help of the French Court, which, fearing Melander’s defection to the Imperialists, offered him generous amounts of money and new titles. One of the Landgravine’s first actions as regent was to order the army and the inhabitants of the territories still under her control to swear an oath of loyalty to her young son William VI, further solidifying her power. Amalie <mask> faced unique threats to her legitimacy because she was a woman. Many in 17th century Europe considered government by women to be unjustifiable under any circumstances, but there were some exceptions. For example, in 1559 John Calvin wrote that “there were occasionally women so endowed, that the singular good qualities which shown forth in them, made it evident that they were raised up by divine authority." Throughout her reign, Amalie <mask> asserted that she was one such woman, repeatedly claiming that God had placed her in this position and it was her responsibility to carry out his will.She also stressed her role as a widow and mother to reinforce her legitimacy, refusing any course of action which would violate her late husband’s intent or compromise her son’s inheritance. Amalie <mask> also continued her husband’s efforts to limit the power of the Hessian estates. Because she retained the territories occupied by her husband and eventually renegotiated subsidies from the French, she maintained sources of revenue independent of the estates. As a result, she was able to overlook the estates’ hostility towards her government and rebuff their repeated calls for peace. She was also able to dismiss the grievances of the estates when they were presented to her upon her return to Hesse-Kassel. Diplomacy

Amalie <mask> inherited a desperate situation from her husband. Although she held East Frisia and other territories in Westphalia, the countryside of Hesse-Kassel was under Imperial occupation and its fortresses were under siege.The situation deteriorated further in late October 1637, when Landgrave George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, son of Landgrave Louis V, announced that the Emperor had declared the late William V an enemy of the Empire, annulled his will, and appointed George II as imperial administrator of Hesse-Kassel. The situation within Hesse-Kassel was so desperate that Amalie <mask>’s councilors and the Hessian estates opened negotiations with George II at Marburg and urged the Landgravine to accept whatever terms were necessary to achieve peace. However, George II refused to offer any concessions and demanded Hesse-Kassel’s unconditional submission to the Emperor. He also demanded very harsh terms for his own benefit, such as further territorial concessions to Hesse-Darmstadt, control over her regency government, and that the Hesse-Darmstadt line supplant Hesse-Kassel’s as the senior Hessian house. Amalie <mask> concluded that the terms were intolerable and unjust and repeatedly refused to ratify the agreement, against the advice of her councilors. Events soon vindicated her repeated refusals to make peace, as in 1638 the French and Swedish armies, along with Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, defeated and captured an Imperial army at the Battle of Rheinfelden. This victory allowed Hessian General Peter Melander to successfully negotiate a cease-fire with the Imperial forces in the region.With her position quickly improving, Amalie <mask> sought a better settlement than the terms offered by Landgrave George II. To this end she and her councilors appealed to the other German princes, arguing that George II’s stubbornness and unreasonable demands were preventing a settlement from being reached. As more princes were convinced by this argument, and as the French and Swedish continued to gain momentum, the Emperor decided to revoke George II’s authority over the negotiations and appointed the Elector of Mainz to conclude the treaty. The Elector of Mainz was one of the princes whose lands in Westphalia were occupied by Amalie <mask>’s forces, so he sought to make peace as quickly as possible. The Elector offered more generous terms, including no further territorial or political concessions to Hesse-Darmstadt and official recognition of the right of all Calvinist princes to practice their religion. Amalie <mask> was delighted by these terms and agreed to ratify the treaty. The Emperor, however, refused to ratify it, as the legalization of Calvinism was not a concession he was willing to accept.While she was negotiating with the Emperor for a separate peace, Amalie <mask> also negotiated with France. After the death of William V, the French feared that Amalie <mask>’s regency was unstable and could collapse, so they halted all subsidy payments to Hesse-Kassel. Although French agents had since reported that the Landgravine had a firm grip on power, by early 1639 the subsidy payments had still not resumed. She thus requested that the subsidies be renewed and increased and that the alliance between France and Hesse-Kassel be restored. In the ensuing negotiations, Amalie <mask> used her gender to her advantage

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 by portraying herself as an unfortunate widow faced with a desperate situation and in dire need of help from the French court. She also stressed Hesse-Kassel’s importance to the allied cause, claiming that if she were to fall France and Sweden would not be able to defeat the Emperor. In addition to these tactics, she strengthened her negotiating position by making her negotiations for peace with the Emperor public, signaling to the French that she would make a separate peace if they did not agree to her terms.The French eventually agreed to her demands, and in August 1639 they signed the Treaty of Dorsten, renewing the alliance and granting her a greater subsidy than her husband had received. Over the next decade of war, the alliance between France and Hesse-Kassel would remain firm, and Amalie <mask> would maintain amicable ties with the French court. Her efforts also earned her the admiration of the First Minister of France, Cardinal Richelieu, who wrote in 1637 that the Landgravine “defended herself with courage, not least by the force, as by the justice of her cause." Thirty Years' War

After renewing Hesse-Kassel’s alliance with France, Amalie <mask> rejoined the war on the allied side. She soon agreed to support a joint allied offensive and in 1640 ordered General Peter Melander to link up with the armies of France and Sweden. Melander, however, did not support rejoining the war against the Emperor and strongly objected to serving under the Swedish Field Marshal Johan Banér, who had been given overall command of the allied army. In July 1640 Melander returned to Kassel and offered his resignation.Amalie <mask>, having had enough of Melander’s criticisms of her leadership, accepted the resignation. Peter Melander would later become a general in the Imperial army and fight against Hesse-Kassel. Over the remaining course of the war, the Landgravine chose several other men to command her armies, including Count Kaspar von Eberstein and Johann von Geyso. Amalie <mask> remained allied with France and Sweden and committed the army of Hesse-Kassel to their cause until the end of the war. In 1641 Hessian troops fought alongside the French and Swedish armies. Together they won a pyrrhic victory in the Battle of Wolfenbüttel. Later that year, the Swedish attempted to relieve a Hessian force under siege in Dorsten, where Amalie <mask> had once held court, but they were too late, and Dorsten fell to Imperial forces in September.In January 1642, Hessian forces assisted the French army under the Comte de Guébriant in winning a decisive victory at the Battle of Kempen, strengthening the allied position along the Rhine. Two Hessian cavalry regiments fought alongside Swedish Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson’s forces at the Second Battle of Breitenfeld in October 1642. The battle was a major victory for the allies, leaving the Habsburg Hereditary lands vulnerable and further turning the tide of the war. Hessian forces were also present at the last battle of the Thirty Years’ War, which took place at Wevelinghoven in 1648. In this battle, the Hessian army under Johann von Geyso defeated an Imperial army under Guillaume de Lamboy. In addition to committing troops to the major campaigns of the war, Amalie <mask> also launched initiatives to increase the size of her children’s inheritance. For example, in 1641 the last count of Hanau-Münzenberg died without a male heir and a succession struggle ensued between many different claimants.Amalie <mask> had a great deal of influence in Hanau-Münzenberg because it was the county of her birth, her husband had liberated it from Imperial siege in 1636, and its government owed money to Hesse-Kassel. One claimant, Count Friedrich Casimir of Hanau-Lichtenberg, offered to allow the territory to revert to Hesse-Kassel if his line ever lacked a male heir in exchange for Amalie <mask> supporting his claim. She accepted the deal and in 1643 Count Friedrich Casimir won the succession struggle with her help. Thereafter if the Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg ever died without a male heir, Hanau-Münzenberg would belong to Hesse-Kassel, which eventually took place in 1736. Amalie <mask>’s most significant initiative was her campaign to reclaim the Marburg inheritance lost to Hesse-Darmstadt by her late father-in-law. In October 1643, she re-asserted Hesse-Kassel’s claim to the territory, using the opinions of legal experts to show that the 1627 treaty conceding it was both illegal and forced. In 1645, she went a step further by launching an invasion and occupying Marburg and the rest of the disputed territory.This was the start of the Hessenkrieg, or "Hessian War," which would be waged throughout the later stages of the Thirty Years’ War. Initially, the experienced army of Hesse-Kassel was easily able to defeat the meager forces Landgrave George II was able to muster. However, George II requested aid from the Imperialists, and the Emperor and the Elector of Bavaria sent a force under Peter Melander to assist him. Amalie <mask> called upon her French and Swedish allies to support her, and the main focus of the war shifted to the conflict in Hesse. In 1647 Melander managed to retake the city of Marburg, but the city’s fortress held out and Melander’s army began to run out of supplies. In December of that year a cannonball from the fortress seriously injured Melander, and in January 1648 his army retreated from the territory. Amalie <mask>’s forces re-occupied Marburg, and George II was forced to come to terms.In April of that year, both Hessian houses signed an agreement in which Amalie <mask> received most of the disputed territory, including the valuable city of Marburg. Peace of Westphalia
In 1642, diplomats laid plans to host a general peace conference between the Emperor, the French and the Swedish in the Westphalian cities of Münster and Osnabrück, although the negotiations would not begin for several more years. Once they began all the princes of the Empire were invited to attend the congress, with Catholic princes joining the French at Münster and Protestant princes going to Osnabrück with the Swedes. Because Amalie <mask> was one of the few German princes remaining at war with the Emperor, she sent diplomatic delegations to both Münster and Osnabrück. Throughout the negotiations the Landgravine instructed her diplomats to pursue an uncompromising strategy to achieve her demands. This strategy did not endear her to any of the other princes, as her demands were far more ambitious than they had expected and many thought she was being unreasonable. In addition to negotiating with the princes of the Empire, Amalie <mask> also had to repeatedly ensure that her French and Swedish allies would not abandon her demands in favor of their own.One of Amalie <mask>’s most ambitious demands was a formal change in the structure of the Holy Roman Empire. Her husband, the late Landgrave William V, had been a staunch opponent of the Habsburg emperors’ attempts at centralization and believed that every Imperial prince should enjoy the same rights. Amalie <mask> thus sought to achieve her husband’s goal of stripping the Emperor and the Electors of their power over the Empire by formalizing an aristocratic interpretation of the Imperial constitution. This goal was also supported by the French, the Swedes, and a few German princes, the most prominent of which was the Elector of Brandenburg. However, these allies were prevented from working together by other disputes. Sweden and Brandenburg both claimed the territory of Pomerania, so the Imperial negotiator mediated the dispute, awarding Sweden half of Pomerania and compensating Brandenburg with lands elsewhere. As a result of this mediation, both parties agreed to drop their demands for changes to the constitution of the Empire.Without their support, Amalie <mask> was unable to achieve all of her constitutional goals. Although a complete re-interpretation of the Imperial constitution did not occur, Amalie <mask> and her allies did achieve important concessions on this issue. The Peace of Westphalia confirmed that every Imperial Prince had the right to make alliances and take up arms independently. The most important issue for Amalie <mask> was the question of religion. Throughout the conference she repeatedly demanded that Calvinism be given the same legal status within the Empire as Catholicism and Lutheranism. She faced strong opposition on this issue, both from the Emperor’s delegates and from those of the Lutheran princes, who were not inclined to make common cause with their fellow protestants. However, this was not an issue she was willing to compromise on, as she had repeatedly refused to make peace in the past without explicit protections for her religion.Eventually her hardline stance won out, and the delegates agreed to grant Calvinists the same rights enjoyed by Catholics and Lutherans since the Peace of Augsburg. Amalie <mask> also advanced the interests of Hesse-Kassel throughout the conference. She initially demanded territorial concessions from the princes whose lands in Westphalia she occupied. These demands were strongly opposed by many other princes, so she eventually agreed to drop them in exchange for 600,000 Reichsthalers in reparations payments. Although she did not achieve these territorial demands, she did gain recognition of her acquisition of the Marburg inheritance and several smaller territories such as Hersfeld Abbey and parts of the County of Schaumburg. In addition, the Landgravine successfully negotiated an amnesty going back to 1618 for herself and all other princes outside the Habsburg hereditary lands. With the help of Sweden and France, she also secured a compensation payment to demobilize her army, the only German territory to do so.In total <mask> <mask> achieved many of her objectives and wielded significant influence on the Peace of Westphalia, despite being the ruler of a minor German state. In the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, there are a full 15 paragraphs specifically addressing the affairs of Hesse-Kassel and Amalie Elisabeth. Death
Amalie <mask>’s efforts during the war and the burdens they brought with them had a lasting impact, and her health had steadily deteriorated through the war. In September 1650, she declared her intention to abdicate and transfer power to her son William VI, who had turned 21 earlier that year. On the 5th of October, she held an extravagant abdication ceremony, attended by her advisors and the Hessian estates, at which William VI was officially granted control over the court. Before her abdication, Amalie <mask> had overseen the marriage of her daughter Charlotte to Elector Charles Louis of the Palatinate. In March 1651, she and her daughter <mask> traveled to Heidelberg to visit the newly married Electress Charlotte and her husband.While she was there, she suffered a severe bout of rheumatism in her foot and had to have part of it amputated in a painful surgery. Amalie <mask> returned to Kassel completely exhausted and with her condition much deteriorated. Four weeks later, on August 8, 1651, Amalie <mask> died in her sleep in Kassel. She was buried in the Martinskirche cemetery on September 30. Legacy
Amalie <mask> was remembered fondly among Calvinists for her efforts to preserve the Reformed faith in the Holy Roman Empire. When she visited Heidelberg in 1651, she was praised by the city’s inhabitants, who called her a second Deborah. In his 1901 book Women of the Reformed Church, James Isaac Good calls her both a “Reformed Deborah” and a “Reformed Joan of Arc."Her first biography was likely written by Christian Gottfried Körner and appeared as an appendix to the Representation of the Thirty Years War by Friedrich Schiller. <mask> <mask> was one of only four women accepted into King Ludwig I's Walhalla hall of fame during his lifetime (There are twelve women present today). Her bust was carved by Christian Friedrich Tieck. Although <mask> <mask>’s reign was remembered for generations, modern scholarship on the Thirty Years’ War often pays little or no attention to her or her accomplishments. The foremost English-language biography on her is The Iron Princess: Amalia Elizabeth and the Thirty Years' War, written by Dr. Tryntje Helfferich and published in 2013. In her book, Dr. Helfferich argues that Amalie <mask>’s role in the Thirty Years’ War has been marginalized in modern works “largely because she was a woman, for her role in the Thirty Years War rivaled that of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, Cardinal Mazarin, or even King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden." Issue
Agnes (24 November 1620 – 20 August 1626).Maurice (born and died 24 September 1621). <mask> (21 October 1623 – 13 January 1624). William (31 January 1625 – 11 July 1626). Emilie (11 February 1626 – 15 February 1693), married 15 May 1648 to Henri Charles de La Trémoille. Charlotte (20 November 1627 – 16 March 1686), married 12 February 1650 (div. 14 April 1657) to Charles I Louis of the Palatinate. William VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (23 May 1629 – 16 July 1663), married 9 July 1646 to Margravine Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg.Philipp (16 June 1630 – 17 August 1638). Adolf (17 December 1631 – 17 March 1632). Karl (18/19 June 1633 – 9 March 1635). <mask> (23 June 1634 – 22 March 1688), Princess-Abbess of Herford. Stillbirth (8 February 1635). Luise (5 November 1636 – 6 January 1638). Stillbirth (28 May 1637).References

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1602 births
1651 deaths
17th-century women rulers
Countesses of Hanau-Münzenberg
House of Hesse-Kassel
Landgravines of Hesse-Kassel
German people of the Thirty Years' War
German female regents
17th-century German

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title: Scott Elarton

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<mask> (born February 23, 1976) is a retired right-handed pitcher. He played for the Houston Astros (–), Colorado Rockies (2001–), Cleveland Indians (2004–, ) and the Kansas City Royals (–)

Playing career

Minor leagues; Houston Astros (1994–2001)
Elarton was chosen by the Astros in the first round of the  Major League Baseball Draft (25th overall) when he was 18 years old. Foregoing college for the Minor Leagues, Elarton went from the single-A level to triple-A in  and made his Major League debut on June 20, 1998, at 22 years of age. He spent most of 1998 as a relief pitcher and registered a 3.32 earned run average,  but gave up the game-winning run in the pivotal Game 3 of the National League Division Series against the eventual league champion San Diego Padres. Elarton started  in the bullpen. He was moved to the starting rotation in early July and recorded a 3.48 ERA and 9–5 record. Elarton had shoulder surgery after the 1999 season and started  on the disabled list and in Minor League rehabilitation.Despite the injury, he had the best season of his career in 2000, posting a 17–7 record for a poor Astros team that compiled only a 72–90 record. Winning twice as many games as any other pitcher on the team at the hitter-friendly Enron Field while posting a 4.81 ERA, he was named the team's Pitcher of the Year. In 2001, <mask>'s ERA rose to 7.14 in 20 starts for the Astros, compiling a record of 4–8 before his trade to the Rockies. Colorado Rockies (2001–2004)
He was traded to the Rockies for Pedro Astacio at the trading deadline, returning Elarton to his home state of Colorado. The Rockies' hitter-friendly Coors Field stadium did little to improve his ERA, which finished at 7.06 as he was shut down due to shoulder discomfort, appearing in only 4 games for the Rockies. He also finished the season at fifth-worst in the National League in home runs allowed and eighth-worst in earned runs allowed. Elarton had major shoulder surgery and missed the entire  season.He then spent  primarily in the minors, posting an ERA of 5.31 with a 6–8 record before getting the call up to the Rockies. Elarton posted a 6.27 ERA in 11 games in the majors. Entering 2004, Elarton was competing for a starting spot in the Rockies rotation. After a good spring training, Elarton made the opening day roster as the 5th starter. Through 8 starts, he posted an ERA of 9.80 without winning a decision and also set a Colorado record for most consecutive decision losses to open a season, as he opened the season 0–6. The Rockies released him in mid-May. Cleveland Indians (2004–2005)
After being released by the Rockies in 2004, he was signed to a Minor-League contract by Cleveland and was soon back in the Majors.He posted a 4.53 ERA and win-loss record of 3–5 and earned his first victory on July 29 against the Tigers, pitching 7 innings. On August 29, 2004, Elarton pitched the best game of his career against the Chicago White Sox, a two-hit complete game shutout, allowing only one walk and recording six strikeouts. In 2005, <mask> spent his first season entirely in the Majors since 2001. He recorded his first double-digit winning season since 2000. He responded with an 11–9 record for the second-place Indians and a 4.61 ERA while ranking among the ten worst in home runs allowed for the second year in a row. Kansas City Royals (2006–2007)
After the 2005 season, <mask> was signed as a free agent by the Kansas City Royals. In 2006, Elarton gave up Derek Jeter's 2000th career hit.<mask> was shut down after 20 starts, finishing with a 4–9 record and a strikeout/walk ratio of 3.8 (49 strikeouts, 52 walks) in 114 innings. The Royals released him on July 25, 2007, after going 2–4 with a 10.46 ERA in 37 innings. Return to the Cleveland Indians (2008)
He signed a Minor League contract with the Indians on August 3, 2007. He re-signed with the Indians on February 8, 2008, to a Minor League contract with an invitation to spring training. He was called up to the majors on May 24. On July 8, <mask> was put on the 15-day disabled list with a non-baseball condition. He had been on the restricted list prior to that with what Indians manager Eric Wedge described as "personal issues."Chicago White Sox (2010)
After taking a year off from baseball, Elarton signed a minor league deal with the White Sox. He appeared in just 16 games for their minor league affiliate Charlotte Knights after being hampered by a toe injury the whole season. Philadelphia Phillies (2012)
Elarton spent the following years battling numerous injuries and remaining outside of professional baseball. He was at 299 pounds between 2009 and 2011. In 2011, a chance encounter with Philadelphia Phillies general manager Rubén Amaro, Jr. led to Elarton receiving a minor league contract with Phillies and an invitation the team's  spring training. Elarton spent the whole year in the Phillies minor league affiliate Lehigh Valley IronPigs. He pitched in 26 starts, going 6–11 with an ERA of 5.41.At one point, Elarton had a 22 inning scoreless streak. For Elarton, it was just a matter of having love for the game again after appearing in just 16 games from 2009 to 2012. Minnesota Twins (2013)
On December 11, 2012, the Minnesota Twins signed <mask> to a minor-league contract. but released him before the end of spring training. He then signed a contract with the Sugar Land Skeeters for the 2013 season. Sugar Land Skeeters
Soon after being released by Minnesota, Elarton signed a contract to pitch for the Sugar Land Skeeters. At the end of the 2013 season, he announced his retirement, where the crowd gave him a standing ovation.Coaching career

Pittsburgh Pirates farm system
On January 14, 2014, it was announced that Elarton would serve as the pitching coach for the Gulf Coast League Pirates, the Gulf Coast League affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates. The following season, Elarton was named as the pitching coach for the Pirates' High-A affiliate, the Bradenton Marauders. The next season, he was named a special assistant to the general manager in the Pirates' front office. Scouting report
At 6 feet, 7 inches, Elarton would hide the ball well due to his tall frame, relying on a sinking two-seam fastball. At the time of his callup with the Astros, his fastball clocked at 93–95 MPH, but due to multiple shoulder injuries, it lost two to three miles per hour, reaching between 90 and 92 MPH. Elarton also threw a curveball, a changeup and a cutter. His propensity for being a flyball pitcher was the reason he gave up a lot of home runs.References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Houston Astros players
Colorado Rockies players
Cleveland Indians players
Kansas City Royals players
People from Lamar, Colorado
Pittsburgh Pirates scouts
Baseball players from Colorado
Major League Baseball pitchers
Gulf Coast Astros players
Quad Cities River Bandits players
Kissimmee Cobras players
Jackson Generals (Texas League) players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Round Rock Express players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Wichita Wranglers players
Omaha Royals players
Charlotte Knights players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Sugar Land Skeeters players

masks:
Vincent Scott Elarton
Elarton
Elarton
Elarton
Elarton
Elarton
Elarton


title: Howard Gimbel

texts:
<mask><mask> FRCSC, AOE, FACS, CABES, (born January 17, 1934) is a Canadian ophthalmologist, university professor, senior editor, and amateur musician. He is better known for his invention, along with Thomas Neuhann, of the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), a technique employed in modern cataract surgery. Early life
<mask> was born in Calgary, Alberta. The son of Jacob and <mask>, he grew up along with five siblings on a grain and dairy farm east of Calgary near the small town of Beiseker. In 1952, he graduated from high school at Canadian University College near Lacombe (Alberta). He attended Walla Walla University in Washington, and graduated with a degree in physics. It was here where he met his wife and lifetime companion, Judy Carl, whom he married on the evening of his graduation day.Education
<mask> attended medical school at Loma Linda University School of Medicine (California), and graduated in 1960. Given his physics background and interest in optics, the choice of specialization in Ophthalmology came naturally to him. After completing his residency training at White Memorial Medical Center (Los Angeles, California) in 1964, <mask> returned to Calgary where he set up his Ophthalmology practice. Always an early adaptor of new technologies, he soon became known as "Gadget <mask>". In January 1974, <mask> took a course with Charles Kelman in phacoemulsification, a surgical technique for the removal of cataracts through a suture-less, 3 mm incision. Prior to phacoemulsification, cataract surgery required a 10 to 12 mm incision, which was closed with sutures and caused significant astigmatism. Later that same year, he attended the first International Intraocular Lens Implantation Course by Cornelius "Cees" Binkhorst and Jan Worst in the Netherlands.Despite being considered standard care today, the concept of intraocular lens implantation during cataract surgery was a topic of much controversy at the time. These two novel techniques had a profound influence on <mask>, who was among the first ophthalmologists in North America to successfully implement them into his practice. Career
In 1984, <mask> introduced radial keratotomy to Canada, a refractive surgery technique in which peripheral corneal incisions are carefully placed to correct refractive errors. That same year he founded an eye surgery centre dedicated to the treatment of cataracts and refractive surgery, the Gimbel Eye Centre. It was around this time that he perfected the continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), and the divide and conquer nucleofractis techniques, two techniques currently employed in small incision cataract surgery. His excellent surgical outcomes compelled him to share these techniques and others with his colleagues at universities and societies around the world through presentations, videotape distribution, and over 25 live satellite broadcasts at international conferences. As the first surgeon in Canada to acquire the excimer laser for refractive surgery, <mask> has remained at the forefront of refractive vision correction.In 1990, the first photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedure in Canada was performed at the Gimbel Eye Centre by John A. van Westenbrugge. PRK is a laser treatment of the corneal surface for the correction of refractive errors. Similarly, <mask> was the first surgeon in North America to offer the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) to his patients in 1997. The ICL is a posterior chamber, phakic intraocular lens used for the correction of moderate to high refractive errors. In February 2000, <mask> accepted an appointment to the Department of Ophthalmology at Loma Linda University, where he remains chairman and professor. He is also an associate professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Calgary, and director of the Anterior Segment and Refractive Surgery fellowship at the Gimbel Eye Centre. In 2009, he was presented with the Canadian Ophthalmological Society Lifetime Achievement Award, and is considered one of the most influential and accomplished ophthalmologists in the world.Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis
The continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) has been crucial to modern cataract surgery. It consists of making a small circular opening on the anterior surface of the crystalline lens to facilitate subsequent phacoemulsification and cataract removal. This technique constitutes a marked improvement from the previous can-opener capsulorhexis, where multiple small anterior capsular tears were connected. By providing a smooth, continuous surface that resists radial extension, the CCC significantly improved the safety and ease of phacoemulsification, effectively popularizing it. <mask> employed this technique as early as 1983, and published his landmark description of it in 1991, along with Thomas Neuhann. Divide and Conquer Nucleofractis (CCC)
One of the basic techniques of cataract nucleofractis (fragmentation and removal), divide and conquer is among the safest approaches to phacoemulsification and cataract removal. Its safety is reflected in being among the first techniques of phacoemulsification taught to ophthalmology residents and beginner surgeons around the world.It consists of fashioning two orthogonal and deep central grooves in the crystalline lens nucleus, followed by mechanical fracturing of the cataract with the phacoemulsification probe and second instrument. This effectively divides the cataract into four quadrants that are more easily removed by phacoemulsification. <mask> initially proposed this technique in 1991. Kwitko was the first to perform and introduce radial keratotomy to Canada. Other innovations and techniques

Family life and interests
<mask> currently lives in Calgary, Alberta. He commutes every two weeks between his private practice at the Gimbel Eye Centre in Calgary and his chairman position at Loma Linda University. A lifelong Seventh-day Adventist, he is the father of five children, and has 12 grandchildren.He has a 1,750 acre farm, which he visits on his free time. Besides farming, he enjoys family reunions, hiking, singing in choral groups, and playing musical saw and trombone. He is able to accomplish all of these activities with the support of his wife Judy, who provides organizational support for his travel plans, conferences, and other commitments. Awards and recognitions

References

External links
 <mask>. <mask>:Dialogue With an Adventist Eye Surgeon in Canada College and University Dialogue Retrieved November 23, 2018

1934 births
Living people
Canadian ophthalmologists
People from Calgary
Walla Walla University alumni
Members of the Alberta Order of Excellence
Canadian Seventh-day Adventists

masks:
Howard V
. Gimbel
Gimbel
Ruth Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Gimbel
Howard V
Gimbel


title: Gurajada Apparao

texts:
<mask> (21 September 1862 – 30 November 1915) was a noted Indian playwright, dramatist, poet, and writer known for his works in Telugu theatre. Rao wrote the play Kanyasulkam in 1892, which is considered as the greatest play in the Telugu language. One of the pioneers of Indian theatre, Rao holds the titles Kavisekhara and Abyudaya Kavitha Pithamahudu. In 1910, Rao scripted the widely known Telugu patriotic song "Desamunu Preminchumanna". In 1897, Kanyasulkam was published (by Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons, Madras) and dedicated to Maharaja Ananda Gajapati. <mask> (along with his brother Syamala Rao) wrote several English poems. His Sarangadhara, published in "Indian Leisure Hour", was well received.The editor of the Calcutta-based "Rees and Ryot", Sambhu Chandra Mukherji read it and re-published it in his magazine. Gundukurti Venkata Ramanayya, editor of the "Indian Leisure Hour", encouraged <mask> greatly during the same period. In 1891, <mask> was appointed to the post of Epigraphist to the Maharaja of Vizianagaram. Early life and education
<mask> was born in a Niyogi brahmin family on 21 September 1862 at his maternal uncle's home in Rayavaram village, near Yelamanchili, Visakhapatnam district. His parents were Venkata Rama Dasu and Kausalyamma. Gurajada lived most of his life in and around Vizianagaram in what was then called as Kalinga Rajyam. He and his father before him were both employed by the princely state of Vizianagaram.Gurajada enjoyed a close relationship with the ruling family during his adult life. He had his initial schooling in Cheepurupalli while his father was working there. His remaining schooling was done at Vizianagaram after his father died. During that time, he was taken care of by the then M.R. College Principal, C. Chandrasekhara Sastri who provided him free lodging and boarding. He completed his matriculation in 1882 and obtained F.A. in 1884.Soon after, he was employed as a teacher in M.R. High School in 1884 with a salary of Rs.25. In 1887, Gurajada spoke at a Congress Party meeting in Vizianagaram. His daughter Voleti Lakshmi Narasamma was born in 1887. He was simultaneously involved in social work and became a member of the Voluntary Service Corps in Visakhapatnam in 1888. He was elected vice-president of the Ananda Gajapati Debating club in 1889. His son <mask> Venkata Ramadasu was born in 1890.In 1891 he was promoted to Lecturer (Level III) with a salary of Rs.125. He taught the F.A. and B.A. classes several subjects including English Grammar, Sanskrit Literature, Translation, Greek and Roman Histories. His younger brother Syamala Rao died in 1892 while studying at Madras Law College. 1908 Congress session at Madras
In 1911, he was appointed to the Board of Studies by Madras University. The same year, <mask> and his friends started the Andhra Sahitya Parishat to promote use of spoken dialects.The next year, he was invited to attend the meeting of the Bangeeya Sahitya Parishat (Bengal Literary Association) at Calcutta. Kanyasulkam

Kanyasulkam is about the deplorable condition of widows in traditional Brahmin families in the Andhra region of India during the 19th century. The play is a highly thought-provoking social drama dealing with social issues relevant to the time. <mask> Apparao was deeply troubled by the double standards, hypocrisy and social inequalities in the Indian society. The English preface to the first edition of his play states: "Such a scandalous state of things is a disgrace to society, and literature can not have a higher function than to show up such practices and give currency to a high standard of moral ideas. Until reading habits prevail among masses, one must look only to the stage to exert such healthy influence." Perhaps for the first time in Telugu literary history, a prostitute was given a very positive image so much so that she is shown to better the lives of many people during the course of the play.The play is ageless in the sense that its projection of the Indian mindset and psyche is very relevant and applicable in Indian Society today. The play was, in some ways, ahead of its time and was very bold in criticizing the popular opinions and practices during that era. It frequently jabs at the male-dominated society of India, by bringing to the forefront certain egoistic idiosyncrasies of a typical Indian male, in an unflattering manner. It also questions the practices of witchcraft, sorcery, and their popular usage in medical practice during that period in India. Personal life

Gurajada married Appala Narasamma in 1885. He continued his studies and graduated with B.A. (Philosophy major and Sanskrit minor) in 1886.For some period during 1886, he worked as Head Clerk in the Deputy Collector's office. On Vijayadasami day, 1887, he joined as a Lecturer (Level IV) in M.R. College with a salary of Rs.100. Around the same time, he was introduced to Maharajah Pusapati Ananda Gajapati Raju (1850–1897). In 1905, Gurajada's mother died. In 1906, his close friend P.T. Srinivasa Iyyangar, principal of Mrs. A.V.N.College, Visakhapatnam started an association to promote curriculum reform in high schools. One of the chief aims was to introduce spoken dialects. Along with him, J.A. Yates (1874–1951) -a British civil servant, Gidugu and Gurajada were the principal members. Another friend S. Srinivasa Iyengar (1874–1941) also gave a lot of support and encouragement. Incidentally, this Srinivasa Iyengar was a well-known lawyer and was the President of AICC (All India Congress Committee) annual session at Guwahati in 1926. <mask>li, Gidugu Rammurty (1863–1940) was his school of thought.Retirement and death
Gurajada retired in 1913, and the then Madras University honored him with the title "Emeritus Fellow". He died on 30 November 1915. Bibliography

Other Literature works
The Cook (N/A. An English Poem -1882)
Sarangadhara (In English, a long poem, (padya kavyam) -1883. {Refer a letter addressed by the Editor of Reis ans Rayyet, to Gundukurti Venkataramanaiah, dated:14-8-1883)
Chandrahasa (N/A. An English long poem, padya kavyam - Authorship and Date uncertain)
Victoria Prasasti (English poems in praise of Queen Victoria presented to the then Viceroy of India by Maharani of Reeva -1890)
KanyaSulkamu (Drama, First Ed. -1892, Completely revised second Ed.-1909)
Review and Introduction in English to Sree rama vijayam and jArji dEva caritaM (both Sanskrit works -1894)
Edited (1890s) "the Wars of Rajas, Being the History of Hande Anantapuram, Thathacharyula kathalu," both originally collected by C.P. Brown. These works were published after <mask>'s death. Review and introduction in English to Harischandra (An English Drama -1897)
Minugurlu (children's story, perhaps the first in modern style -1903?) Kondubhatteeyam (Unfinished humorous drama -1906)
Neelagiri patalu (Songs describing the beauty of Nilagiri hills where Gurajada recuperated from an illness -1907)
 "Madras Congress" an article by Gurajada, in The Hindu, on the 1908 Congress Party Annual Session at Madras criticizing the lack of focus, integrity and strong will to take on the British rulers, original not traceable, only Avasarala Suryarao's Telugu translation is now available. Part of the above said article, a poem parodying the session,is now available. "Canna kalapu cinna buddhulu," essay denouncing the superstitions associated with the appearance of Haley's Comet in 1910.Mutyala Saralu and Kasulu (Poems in Gurajada's own meter, matra Chandassu -1910). Many poems and short stories in modern style during the same year. These were perhaps the earliest instances of modern short stories in Telugu. Also published several essays supporting the use of vernacular as formal language. His famous patriotic song "Desamunu Preminchumanna" was written around this time. Bilhaneeyam (Unfinished drama, Act I -1910, Act II -1911)
Lavanaraju kala (Poem -1911)
Kanyaka (Poem -1912)
Subhadra (Poem -1913)
Visvavidyalayalu: samskrita, matru Bhashalu (Report submitted to Madras University -1914)
Asammati patram (Minute of Dissent -report against the decision of Madras University to retain classical language as the platform for curriculum development -1914)
Dimcu langaru (Poem -1914)
Langarettumu (Poem -1915)
"Sree gurajada appa ravu gari Daireelu," Collected dairies of Gurajada published many decades after Gurajada's death. Editor: Burra Seshagiri Rao
'Gurujadalu', complete works of Gurajada (Mahakavi Gurajada Sarvalabhya Rachanala Samkalanam); Editors:Sri Pennepalli Gopalakrishna, Dr Kalidasu Purushotham and Sri Mannem Rayudu, Published by MANASU Foundation, Hyderabad.First Edition: 21 September 2012. "Subject For An Extravaganza" An English Poem by Gurajada, published in 'Vijaya' magazine by Ramadasu Pantulu around 1940. References

Telugu poets
Telugu people
Telugu writers
Hindu poets
1862 births
1915 deaths
Telugu-language writers
University of Madras alumni
Indian arts administrators
Indian theatre directors
19th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Telugu-language dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Visakhapatnam
19th-century Indian male writers
Dramatists and playwrights from Andhra Pradesh
Poets from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian male writers
People from Visakhapatnam district
People from Uttarandhra

masks:
Gurajada Venkata Apparao
Apparao
Apparao
Gurajada
Gurajada
Gurajada
Gurajada
Gurajada
Gurajadapal
Gurajada


title: Henri Lambert

texts:
<mask>  (1862–1934) was a Belgian engineer and glass works owner at Charleroi near Brussels. His glass works was the largest in the world in that time. He was one of the first occupied with social economy. He spoke Walloon with his blue collar workers, which was exceptional in that time. He was a prolific writer (in French) of articles for newspaper and political journals, brochures, and books on political philosophy, and had several of his works translated into German and English. He favoured individualism, free trade, and international peace. He also wrote works about corporations, trade unions, government, democracy, and representation, voicing bold and well-intentioned ideas (which may not be altogether consistent).But his criticism of the principle of limited liability in connection with corporations is an original point which seems to have attracted attention at the turn of the century, as well as his ideas about the organisation of trade unions. He was called upon to address lawyers' and economists' associations and other bodies. References

 <mask> - A profound thinker and still relevant - Pierre Casimir-<mask>
 <mask>. Un grand penseur toujours d'actualité, Jean-Louis Van Belle, Editions La Taille d'Aulme, 2010
 <mask>, cofondateur de la Ligue internationale du Libre-Échange (1918) ou de l’inutilité de l’Europe unie, Jean-Louis Van Belle

Books
 <mask>, Le Nouveau Contrat Social ou L’Organisation de la Démocratie Individualiste
http://www.henrilambert.eu/medias/files/nouveaucontratsocial.pdf

 The False Peace
http://www.henrilambert.eu/medias/files/falsepeace.pdf

 Pax Economica
http://www.henrilambert.eu/medias/files/paxeconomica.pdf

 The ethics of international trade (1915)
http://www.henrilambert.eu/medias/files/ethicsinternationaltrade.pdf

 Un autre aspect de la question européenne et une solution (1915)
http://www.henrilambert.eu/medias/files/autreaspectquestioneuropeenne.pdf

Articles

1893

H.L., Révision constitutionnelle. Représentation des intérêts, Tamines, s.d. [1893] brochure,15 p. (copie d’une lettre adressée à L’Indépendance belge du 27.12.1892). H.L., « La représentation des intérêts », in Gazette de Charleroi, 27 janvier 1893, p. 1-2.1894

H.L., Note complémentaire à la brochure traitant de l’organisation du suffrage général par la représentation des intérêts, Tamines, 15 p., s.d [1894]. 1895

H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), Les syndicats professionnels et l’évolution corporative, Bruxelles,1895, 74 p. H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », in Revue industrielle deCharleroi, 3 février 1895, p. 2. H.L., « Deux hérésies économiques », in Gazette de Charleroi, 7 février 1895, p. 1. H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », in Revue industrielle de Charleroi,10 février 1895, p. 2.H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitres en Belgique » in Moniteur industriel de Charleroi et de la province, 10 février 1895, p. 42-43. H.L., « Deux hérésies économiques », in Gazette de Charleroi, 14 février 1895, p. 1. H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », in Revue industrielle deCharleroi, 17 février 1895, p. 2. H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », in Revue industrielle deCharleroi, 17 février 1895, p. 51-52. H.L., « Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », in Revue industrielle deCharleroi, 24 février 1895, p. 2.x.,

[H.L.?] « La crise verrière.Situation de l’industrie du verre à vitre en Belgique », inGazette de Charleroi, 1 mars 1895, p. 1. H.L., « Controverse économique », in Gazette de Charleroi, 2 mars 1895, p. 1. H.L., « Controverse économique », in Gazette de Charleroi, 3 mars 1895, p. 1.- 375

H.L., « La production en verrerie. Un remède empirique », in Gazette de Charleroi, 21 mars 1895, p. 1. H.L., « La production en verrerie. Un remède empirique (suite) », in Gazette de Charleroi, 22 mars 1895, p. 1. H.L., « La crise verrière », in Revue industrielle de Charleroi, 14 avril 1895, p. 1-2.H.L., « Producteurs et consommateurs », in Gazette de Charleroi, 21 mai 1895, p. 1. H.L. et BAUDOUx (É.) « Les associations professionnelles », in La Liberté, 22 décembre 1895, p. 1-2. H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), « Les associations professionnelles », in La Liberté, 29 décembre 1895, p. 2-3.1896

H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), « Les associations professionnelles », in La liberté, 12 janvier 1896,p. 1-2. H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), « Les associations professionnelles », in La Liberté, 26 janvier 1896,p.1-2. 1897

H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), Les syndicats professionnels et le régime général des associations modernes, Bruxelles, s.d., [1897], 32 p. H.L., Des syndicats de production, s.d., [1897] brochure, 10 p.

1898

H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), Rapport à la question « Quelle est la meilleure organisation des Unions professionnelles ?» in STRAUSS (L.), ROOST (A. ), Congrès international de la Législation douanière et de la réglementation du travail, Anvers, du 12 au 17 septembre 1898,I, Rapports, Anvers, 1898, p. 143-154. H.L., « Le système libéral », in La Chronique, 5 novembre 1898, p. 1. 1899

H.L., « La représentation des intérêts », in Gazette de Charleroi, 2 février 1899, p. 1. 1906

H.L., « Le Suffrage universel organisé », in Gazette de Charleroi, 12 février 1906, p. 1. 1907

H.L., « Une appréciation sur le marché verrier », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 28 juillet 1907,p. 233.H.L. et BAUDOUx (É. ), « Le droit commun d’Association », in Revue des Deux-Mondes,15 août 1907, p. 842-860. 1908

H.L., « Les deux régimes », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 12 janvier 1908, p. 10. H.L., « Les deux régimes », in Gazette de Charleroi, 14 janvier 1908, p. 1-2. H.L., « Fédération des Avocats belges. II, Note complémentaire à l’étude sur le droit commun d’association par Eugène Baudoux et <mask> », in Journal des Tribunaux,n° 2204, 16 janvier 1908, col. 52-56.- 376

H.L., « Le droit commun d’association », in Gazette de Charleroi, 19 janvier 1908, p. 1.H.L., « Fédération des Avocats belges, La Personnification civile des associations, Débats ,L’utilité publique », in Journal des Tribunaux, 23 janvier 1908, n° 2206, col. 87. H.L., « Les deux régimes », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 26 janvier 1908, p. 25-26. H.L., « Les deux régimes », in Gazette de Charleroi, 28 janvier 1908, p. 1. H.L., « Fédération des Avocats belges. La Personnification civile des associations, discours d’H.L. », in Journal des Tribunaux, 6 février 1908, n°2210, (suppl.) col.153-159.H.L., « Les deux régimes. Conclusion », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 9 février 1908, p. 41. H.L., « Les deux régimes. Conclusion », in Gazette de Charleroi, 11 février 1908, p. 1-2. H.L., « Le troisième régime. Lettre de M. Henri <mask> », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 23 février1908, p. 58-59. H.L., « La question congolaise.Une solution internationale », in Gazette de Charleroi, 8 avril1908, p. 1. H.L., « Une solution internationale », in Le Ralliement, 19 avril 1908, p. 237-239. H.L., « L’internationalisation du « Congo belge », in Gazette de Charleroi, 18 juin 1908,p. 1-2. H.L., « L’internationalisation du Congo », in Le Ralliement, 5 juillet 1908, p. 408-410. H.L., « L’internationalisation du « Congo belge », in Gazette de Charleroi, 12 juillet 1908,p. 1.H.L., « L’internationalisation du Congo », in Le Ralliement, 26 juillet 1908, p. 453-454. 1909

H.L., « Le droit d’association et le problème social », in L’Opinion, 22 mai 1909, p. 679-680. H.L., « À propos d’une entente générale de la verrerie belge », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 30 mai 1909, p. 169-170. H.L., in VAVASSEUR (J.) « Réforme de la loi sur les syndicats professionnels », Séance du 5 juin de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H.L., t. xxII, 1909, Paris, p. 412- 416. H.L., « L’organisation du suffrage universel et la représentation des fonctions sociales (théorie et formule) », in La Revue politique et parlementaire, Paris, avril-juin 1909, t. Lx,p. 62-78.1910

H.L., « Les deux régimes », in Journal des Économistes, t. xxVIII, 15 octobre 1910, Paris,p. 27-47. 1911

H.L., « Les syndicats de fabricants sont-ils un obstacle au progrès des Industries ? Réponse à M. Georges De Leener professeur d’Économie sociale l’Université de Bruxelles », in L’Échode l’Industrie, 13 février 1911, p. 67-69.- 377

H.L., « La Belgique et le libre-échange », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 26 février 1911, p. 65-66. H.L., « La Belgique et le libre échange », in Gazette de Charleroi, 1 mars 1911, p. 1. H.L., FOLLIN, « Le libre échange et la paix », in Gazette de Charleroi, 17 mars 1911, p. 1. H.L., « La Belgique et le libre échange », in Gazette de Charleroi, 22 mars 1911, p. 1.H.L., « Le libre échange, l’arbitrage et la paix », in Gazette de Charleroi, 4 avril 1911, p. 1. H.L., « À propos d’une entente générale de la verrerie belge », in L’Écho de l’Industrie, 30 mai 1911, p. 169-170. 1912

H.L., « Le suffrage universel organisé (projet de réforme parlementaire) » in Revue de Belgique, 15 août-1er septembre 1912, t. 131, Bruxelles, p. 759- 773. 1913

H.L., « Pax Oeconomica », in L’Action économique, 27 avril 1913, p. 1-2. H.L., Pax Oeconomica, Publication de la Ligue du Libre-Échange, Paris, 1913, 15 p. H.L., La question européenne en l’année 1913 et sa solution économique, in Publication de la Ligue du Libre-Échange, avril 1913. H.L., « La représentation des intérêts sociaux », in Le Ralliement, 20 juillet 1913, p. 229-230.H.L., « L’organisation du suffrage universel et la représentation des fonctions sociales », in Le Ralliement, 17

masks:
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Lambert


title: Henri Lambert

texts:
 universelle et permanente, Paris, 1920, 324 p. H.L., False peace : protectionism means endless conflict, Boston, Mass : The international FreeTrade League, s.d., [1920]. H.L., « La faillite des Dirigeants et la défaite des Vainqueurs », in Monde Nouveau, août 1920. H.L, « The failure of the leaders and the defeat of the conquerors », in The New World, 1920,p.169-173. 1921

H.L., « Les méfaits du protectionnisme. Le protectionnisme conduit à une politique de conquête », in Revue industrielle de Charleroi, 8 avril 1921, p. 5-6. H.L., « Libre Echange ou Protectionnisme ? », in Revue industrielle de Charleroi, 8 mai 1921,p. 6. H.L., « La faillite internationale des dirigeants et la défaite des vainqueurs », in Revue Parlementaire, économique et financière, 1-15 octobre 1921, p. 101-102.1922

H.L., Der neue Gesellschaftsvertrag ; die Organisation der individualistischen Demokratie. EinVersuch sozialer Einigung, Berlin, Deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft für Politik und Geschichte,1922, 244 p. H.L., Der Weltwirtschaftsfriede : der Freihandel als Weg zum Weltfrieden. Autorisierte Uebersetzungaus dem Franzözischen von G.Flachsbart, Berlin, deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft für Politik und Geschichte, Berlin, 1922, 244 p. H.L., in « TRUCHy (Henri), Participation ouvrière à la gestion des Entreprises »,Séance du 4 Mars 1922 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H. L., Paris, 15 mars 1922, p. 361. H.L., « Le seul règlement possible de la situation internationale : la paix libre-échangiste », in L’Écho de la Bourse, 8 juin 1922, p. 3.H.L., « Le seul règlement possible de la situation internationale : la paix libre-échangiste », in Journal des Économistes, 15 juin 1922, p. 315-324.- 382

H.L., « Le seul règlement possible de la situation internationale : la paix libre- échangiste », in Journal des Économistes, 15 juin 1922,10 p. (tiré à part, texte légèrement différent duprécédent). H.L., « La paix libre-échangiste », in Gazette de Charleroi, 22 juin 1922, p. 1. H.L., « La paix libre-échangiste », in Le Travail (Verviers), 2 septembre 1922, p. 1. 1924

H.L., « Une lettre de M. Henri <mask> », in La Libre Belgique, 23 février 1924, p. 2. H.L., « Lettre au directeur de « La Libre Belgique », in Bulletin de La Ligue du Libre-Échange, Journal des Économistes, 15 mars 1924, p. 382-384. H.L., « Démocratie, Libre-échange et Paix », in Gazette de Charleroi, 25 mars 1924, p. 1. H.L., « La Belgique et le libre échange », in Gazette de Charleroi, p. 1.H.L., Aux libéraux belges, 22 novembre 1924, 2 p.

1925

H.L., « Droit d’association et question sociale », Séance du 5 mai 1925 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, 15 mai 1925, p. 225-239. H.L., « Le droit d’association et la question sociale », in Comptes rendus de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique, n° 36, 23 juin 1925, p. 51-83. 1926

H.L., in « SAINT-MARC (Pierre), Le minotaure fiscal et les droits de succession », Séance du 5 février 1926 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H. L., 15 février 1926, p. 239-240. H.L., « Pax Oeconomica », in Revue la Paix, vol.1, n° 3, mai 1926, p. 97-99. H.L., in « POTTIER (Aristide), Le martyre des valeurs mobilières », Séance du 4 juin 1926 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H. L.,Paris, 15 juin 1926, p. 422- 423.H.L., « Le socialisme, cause ou effet de la décadence européenne ? Une lettre de M. Henri <mask> », in Gazette de Charleroi, 1 juillet 1926, p. 1. H.L., « Anonymat et responsabilité. Une lettre de M. <mask> », in Gazette de Charleroi, 8 juillet 1926, p. 1. H.L., « Pour la restauration économique. Une lettre de M. Henri <mask> », in Gazette de Charleroi, 20 juillet 1926, p. 1. 1927

H.L., in « TRUCHy (Henri), Le nouvel article 419 du Code pénal », Séance du 5 avril 1927 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H.L.,15 avril 1927, p. 119-121. H.L., in AJAM (Maurice), « Les idées mères du communisme? ». Séance du 5 Mars 1928 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes intervention d’H. L.,15 mars 1928, p. 417-420.- 383 -

H.L., in PAVIE (André), « La valeur actuelle de la propriété rurale en France », Séance du 5 mai 1928 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, interventiond’H. L., 15 mai 1928, p. 115-116. 1930

H.L., « La crise du libéralisme et le problème social », in Journal des Économistes du 15-3-1930, Paris, t. xCV, p. 270-277.1931

H.L., Les entreprises par actions dans le cadre de l’évolution industrielle », échange de vues à la Société d’Économie Politique de Belgique entre M. R.-J. LEMOINE et M. H. LAMBERT, Bruxelles, [1931? ], 45 p. H.L., in « CR de la séance du 10 février 1931 de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique consacrée au thème de la crise économique », in Comptes rendus des travaux de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique n° 15, 1931, interventions d’ H. L., p. 10. H.L., in « CR de la séance du 28 avril 1931 de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique consacrée au thème « Les sociétés anonymes et la bourse », in Comptes rendus des travauxde la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique n°s 71-72, 1931, interventions d’ H. L., p. 7-16. H.L., in « CR des séances des 12 et 19 juin 1931 de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique consacrées à la question du Limbourg », in Comptes rendus des travaux de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique n° 16, 1931, interventions d’ H. L., p. 34-39. H.L., « Les grandes enquêtes de « l’Étoile Belge ».La crise économique actuelle est-elle un phénomène d’exception ? L’opinion de M. <mask> », in L’Étoile Belge, 17 avril 1931,p. 1. H.L., « La crise économique est-elle exceptionnelle ? » in La Ligue du Libre-Échange, (octobre 1931), in Journal des Économistes, 15 octobre 1931, p. 205-207. H.L., Le seul règlement possible de la situation internationale : la solution libre-échangiste, Bruxelles [1931]. 1932

H.L., in « FERRAND (Lucien), Les conséquences financières de la législation sur les habitations à bon marché », Séance du 5 février 1932 de la Société d’Économie politique de Paris, in Journal des Économistes, intervention d’H.L., 1932, p. 172. H.L., « Les conditions de la sécurité et de la paix », in La Ligue du Libre-Échange, (mars1932), in Journal des Économistes, 15 mars 1932, p. 247-249. H.L., « Un programme de reconstruction du monde Terre et Liberté », in Bulletin de la Ligue pour la Réforme foncière et de la Ligue du Libre-Échange, 1932, mars-avril, p. 29-32. H.L., « A propos de la « Pan-Europa » et des « États-Unis d’Europe » de MM.Briand, Herriot, Coudenhove-Kalergi et consorts. Remarques présentées au Congrès européen de Bâle octobre 1932 », in Le Libre-Échange, novembre 1932, 4 p. 1933

H.L., De l’urgente nécessité d’abolir le capitalisme pour sauver la propriété privée et la liberté,s.d. [1933], 72 p.- 384

H.L., in « H.D. Les grandes enquêtes de l’ « Étoile Belge » La crise économique actuelle est-elle un phénomène d’exception ?L’opinion de M. <mask> », in L’Étoile belge, avril 1933, p.1. H.L., « Les garanties de la Sécurité et de la Paix », in La Ligue du Libre-Échange, (mai1933) in Journal des Économistes, 15 mai 1933, p. 438-439. H.L., « Les garanties de la Sécurité et de la Paix », in La Ligue du Libre-Échange, (juillet1933), in Journal des Économistes, Paris, 15 juillet 1933, p. 628-629. H.L., « L’équilibre du monde », in Le Libre-Échange n° 33, septembre-octobre 1933, p. 127-128. H.L., « L’Équilibre du monde », in La Ligue du Libre-Échange, (octobre 1933), in Journal des Économistes, 15 octobre 1933, p. 726-727. 1934

H.L., La réforme de l’État en Belgique et ailleurs. Pour un état démocratique et individualiste ; contre le corporatisme et la dictature : Le suffrage universel organisé et le parlementarisme d’intérêt général.Bruxelles, .s.d. [1934], 59 p. H.L., Le règlement de la situation internationale. Libre-échange ou Périr, Bruxelles, s.d. [1934],43 p. H.L., « Faut-il réformer l’État ? réponse de M. <mask> », in La Revue Belge, 11ème année, t. II, n° 1, 1er avril 1934, p. 49-52.H.L., in x., « Quelques remarques sur le Plan de Man. Une lettre de M. <mask> sur l’économie libre. Il faut découvrir la cause de la monopolisation graduelle ou deson danger », in L’Étoile belge, 29 avril 1934, p.1 sq. H.L., in « CR de la séance du 15 mai 1934 de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique consacrée au plan du travail d’<mask> », in Comptes rendus des travaux de la Société d’Économie politique de Belgique, n° 96, mai 1934, interventions d’ H. L., p. 17-18, 28. 1935

H.L., Hypothèse sur l’évolution physique et métaphysique de l’Énergie, Bruxelles, 1935, 232 p.

2009

H.L., The Ethics of International Trade, réédition de l’étude parue à Londres en 1915, Bibliobazaar LLC, La Vergne, USA, 2009. H.L., Pax Economica, réédition de l’étude parue sous le titre, Pax Economica ; freedom of international exchange the sole method for the permanent and universal abolition of war, with a statement of the cause and the solution of the European crisis and a sketch of the only possible conclusive settlement of the probleme confronting the world, Boston, Mass, International Free-Trade League, 1918, 99 p. (3e éd. ), Breinigsville, LLC, USA, 2009.1862 births
1934 deaths
19th-century Belgian engineers
Belgian writers in French
People from Charleroi
Political philosophers
20th-century Belgian

masks:
Lambert
Lambert
Henri Lambert
Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Lambert
Henri Deman


title: Siow Lee Chin

texts:
<mask> (Traditional Chinese:蕭麗君, Simplified Chinese: 萧丽君) (born 1966) is a Singaporean violinist. Featured in the American Record Guide as "a distinguished cultural asset of international stature", and The Strad as a "trailblazing role model for string players", <mask>'s Gold Medal victory at the 1994 Henryk Szeryng International Violin Competition launched her career as one of Singapore's first soloists on the international classical stage. Her performances been viewed on China Central TV, America's CBS, National Public Radio, and Singapore's MediaCorp. As soloist, <mask> has collaborated with orchestras such as the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Ludwigsburg Festival Orchestra, Houston Symphony, Dallas Symphony, the Malaysian Philharmonic Orchestra, National Philharmonic of Ukraine, National Symphony Orchestra of Chile, Mexico State Symphony Orchestra, Avignon Symphony Orchestra, Auckland Philharmonia; as well as at major concert halls and festivals in Asia, Europe and the Americas including the Royal Albert Hall, Osaka Symphony Hall, Carnegie Weill Recital Hall, Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center, Beijing Concert Hall, City Hall in Hong Kong, Esplanade Concert Hall, Hangzhou Grand Theatre, KonzertHaus Vienna, Petronas Concert Hall, Shanghai Oriental Arts Centre, Suzhou Arts and Cultural Center, Tchaikovsky Hall; the Aspen Music Festival, Banff Music Festival, Cervantino Music Festival, Kansai International Performing Arts Festival, Lucerne International Music Festival, Ludwigsburg International Music Festival, Music Fest Perugia and Singapore Arts Festival. She performed centerstage at the 2015 Southeast Asian Games Opening Ceremony in the 55,000 capacity National Stadium, Singapore. Beginning her violin studies with her late father <mask>e Shun, <mask> traces her musical lineage all the way back to Eugène Ysaÿe, Henri Vieuxtemps and Henryk Wieniawski through their disciples and her teachers at Curtis Institute of Music, Oberlin College and Mannes: Aaron Rosand, Jascha Brodsky, Felix Galimir, Roland and Almita Vamos. Today, she continues their pedagogical tradition in her work with young people in music institutions including Beijing's Central Conservatory of Music, Seoul National University, Chicago Institute of Music, Lisbon Academy of Music, the Singapore National Youth Orchestra and as violin professor at the College of Charleston.She personalises familiar favourites with Asian motifs and introduces the music of Asian composers to the West. At the 2015 City of London Festival, she performed the world premiere of "Air", a piece written for her by Chinese composer Yao Chen, in a recital program which showcased the evolution of violin virtuosity from J.S. Bach to the present. <mask>'s CD Songs My Father Taught Me was a HMV classical bestseller in 2009 and was picked for Fanfare Magazine's Want List. In 2015, Singapore Press Holdings published her memoirs From Clementi to Carnegie – The Journey of Singaporean Violinist <mask> <mask>. Governor's School for the Arts and Humanities, South Carolina
Youth Orchestra of the Lowcountry, South Carolina
Fine Arts Institute, South Carolina
Weathersfield Music Festival
Chamber Music Festival of Milwaukee
VIRTUOSI Festival, Brazil
Music Fest Perugia, Italy

References

External links

Singaporean classical violinists
Living people
1966 births
21st-century classical violinists
Women classical violinists

masks:
Siow Lee Chin
Siow
Siow
Siow He
Siow Lee Chin
Siow
Siow
Lee Chin


title: Solomun

texts:
<mask> (born December 27, 1975), better known under his stage name <mask>, is a Bosnian-German DJ. He is a four-time DJ Awards winner for Best Producer, Best DJ and Best Melodic House DJ. Musical career
After Solomun was born in Travnik, Yugoslavia (today Bosnia and Herzegovina), he moved to Hamburg with his family, where he grew up. As a young boy, he worked for his father in construction. Eventually, he discovered that he really enjoyed filmmaking. He founded a small production company with a few friends, where they created short films together. He worked in film for about five years before discovering that music was his passion.His cousin, who frequented nightclubs, brought him tapes whenever he came to town. These tapes showed Solomun that there is more to music than just commercial radio. From then on, he started purchasing vinyl records, and eventually playing at House of Youth at the age of 16 for other teenagers. After taking a break from music, he started producing and creating music at the age of 23. Similar Regional Artists: UMEK (SLO) Mike Vale (SLO), Ilija Djokovic (SRB),  Rub A Dub (BiH), Flojd Covic (BiH), Zlatinchi (BiH) Sinisa Tamamovic (BiH), Mladen Tomic (BiH), Forniva (BiH), Andrew Meller (SRB) . For about one year before he began producing on his own, he learned from a good friend that ran a hip-hop label. In 2005, Solomun began producing music, founding the record label Diynamic in late 2005 with his partner Adriano Trolio, who manages the booking for Diynamic.The motto for Diynamic is "Do It Yourself"." Eventually, Solomun met H.O.S.H. in 2006 over techno tapaa and that is when Diynamic kicked into full force. Solomun's first EP on Diynamic, Solomun EP, came out in 2006. Since then, he has released many other EPs and compilations, as well as the 2009 album Dance Baby. In December 2010 he launched a second label, the more experimental 2DIY4. In 2011, Solomun remixed Noir & Haze's "Around."The track was dubbed Remix of the Year by Resident Advisor. He was named Mixmag's "DJ of the Year" in 2012, which is when his rise in popularity soared to new heights. He was also awarded Producer of the Year by the DJ Awards in Ibiza, and Best International DJ by the Cool Awards in Brazil that same year. Solomun kicked off the Ibiza 2013 season by presiding over the Burn Studios Residency bootcamp. Until the end of June 2014, he owned the Hamburg-based club Ego, co-run by his sister and Adriano Trolio. That same year, while playing at a Resolute after-hours party in Brooklyn, New York, he was kicked off the DJ decks because the crowd reacted so negatively to his mixing. Solomun's musical roots are in hip-hop, soul, funk, and R&B.His sound has been described as "house music, but with deep, ultra funky basslines, euphoric melodies and emotionally charged vocals". In 2015, he was holding two residencies on Ibiza, at night-clubs Pacha and Destino. Solomun kicked off 2016 with two events at The BPM Festival including Diynamic in the Jungle and Solomun +1 with Mano Le Tough. Following that, the Bosnian artist continued touring across North America. The Diynamic family then celebrated ten years at Watergate in Berlin on April 9, 2016, which they followed with a ten-year celebration at DC-10 in Ibiza on August 19, 2016. Solomun also hosted two residencies in Ibiza, Spain, in 2016—Solomun +1 at Pacha and Solomun +1 live at Ushuaia and Destino. He has played at events like Ultra Europe, Exit Festival, Melt!Festival, Tomorrowland, and Movement Croatia in 2016 and 2017, also in Hungexpo in 2018. In 2018, Solomun played himself as an in-residence DJ for the videogame Grand Theft Auto Online, as part of the After Hours DLC. Additionally, Solomun's music video for "Customer is King"  was made entirely within Grand Theft Auto V's in-game engine as part of a larger collaboration between him and Rockstar Games. 26 - Resident Advisor (UK)

2013
 Winner - Category: Deep House - DJ Awards Ibiza (ES)
 Best DJ #24 - Resident Advisor (UK)

2012
 Winner - DJ of the Year – Mixmag Magazine (UK)
 Winner - Best Producer – DJ Awards Ibiza (ES)
 Winner - Best International DJ – Cool Awards Brazil (BR)
 Best International Tour – Rio Music Conference Award (BR)
 Best Producer – Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Label Diynamic – Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best DJ No. 03 – Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Track No. 04 Kackvogel – Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Producer No. 6 – Faze Mag (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Label Diynamic No.5 Faze Mag (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Track No. 14 Kackvogel – Faze Mag (DE,AT,CH)
 Best DJ No. 22 – Resident Advisor (UK)
 Best Compilation No. 05 (Watergate 11) – DJ Mag (UK)
 Best Compilation No. 05 (Watergate 11) – Mixmag Magazine (UK)

2011
 Remix of the Year- Around (Noir & Haze) - Resident Advisor (UK)
 Most Charted Artist" No. 04 Resident Advisor (UK)
 Best Remix No. 02 – Around (Noir & Haze) - Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Remix No.03 - Let's Go Back (Kraak & Smaak ) - Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best Producer No. 02 - Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best DJ No. 03 - Groove Magazine (DE, AT, CH)
 Best DJ No. 05 - De:Bug Magazine (DE, AT, CH)

Discography

Releases
 2005 Galaxy Empire – Mudra Records
 2005 Jackpot – Schanzen Rec. – CD Compilation
 2005 Frei – Schanzen Rec. Romanthony) (Solomun Remix)
 2011 Tiefschwarz – "Corporate Butcher" (Solomun Remix) – Watergate Records
 2012 Pool – "Game Over" (Solomun Remix) – 2DIY4
 2012 Luca C & Brigante feat. Roisin Murphy – "Flash of Light" (Solomun Remix) – Southern Fried Records
 2013 Foals – "Late Night" (Solomun Remix)
 2013 Tiga vs. Audion – "Let's Go Dancing" (Solomun Remix) – Turbo Recordings
 2014 Claude VonStroke – "The Clapping Track" (Solomun Remix) – Dirtybird
 2014 Broken Bells – "Holding on For Life" (Solomun Remix) – Sony Music
 2014 Lana del Rey - West Coast (Solomun Remix)- Polydor Ltd.
 2015 Liu Bei - Atlas World (Solomun Day / Night Remixes) - 2DIY4
 2015 Josef Salvat – Hustler (Solomun Remix) – Columbia
 2015 Paul Kalkbrenner – Cloud Rider (Solomun Remix) – Sony Music
 2015 Editors – Our Love (Solomun Remix) – Pias
 2015 Johannes Brecht – Breathe!(Solomun Edit) – Diynamic Music
 2015 Whilk & Misky – Clap Your Hands (Solomun Remix) – Island/Universal
 2016 Interpol – Everything is wrong (Solomun Remix)- Matador
 2016 Ost&Kjex feat. Anne Lise Frokedal – Queen of Europe (Solomun Remix) – Diynamic Music
 2016 Stimming – Alpe Lusia (Solomun Remix) – Diynamic Music
 2016 Moderat – Eating Hooks (Siriusmo Remix, Solomun Edit) – Monkeytown
 2016 Michael Mayer & Joe Goddard – For you Solomun Morning Version – K7! 2016 Michael Mayer & Joe Goddard – For you Solomun Night Version – K7! 2017 Age of Love - The Age of Love (Solomun Renaissance Remix) - Renaissance Records
 2017 DJ Hell - Anything, Anytime (Solomun Remix) _ International Deejay Gigolo Records
 2017 Depeche Mode - Going Backwards (Solomun Remix) - Columbia (Sony)
 2017 Super Flu - mygut (Solomun Remix) - Monaberry
 2017 Leonard Cohen - You Want It Darker (Solomun Remix) - Sony Music Entertainment
 2017 Pantha du Prince - Dream Yourself Awake (Solomun Remix) - Plangent Records
 2018 Made by Pete feat. Jem Cooke - So long (Solomun Remix) - Crosstown Rebels
 2018 Eagles & Butterflies - The Last Dance (Solomun Remix) - Art Imitating Life
 2018 Stephan Bodzin & Marc Romboy - Kerberos (Solomun & Johannes Brecht Remix) - Systematic
 2018 Keinemusik - You Are Safe (Solomun Remix) - Keinemusik
 2019 Apparat - Outlier (Solomun Remix) - Mute
 2019 Agoria - You're Not Alone (Solomun Remix) - Sapiens
 2019 Âme - The Line (Solomun Remixes: Frank's Vote and Kristian's Vote) - Innervisions
 2019 Jon Hopkins - Emerald Rush (Solomun Remix) - Domino
 2019 Adriatique - Nude (Solomun Remix) - Afterlife

Music
 2016 Stimming – Alpe Lusia (Solomun Remix) – Diynamic Music
 2016 Moderat – Eating Hooks (Siriusmo Remix, Solomun Edit) – Monkeytown
 2016 Michael Mayer & Joe Goddard – For you Solomun Morning Version – K7! 2016 Michael Mayer & Joe Goddard – For you Solomun Night Version – K7! References

1975 births
Living people
German DJs
German house musicians
People from Travnik
Electronic dance music DJs

masks:
Mladen Coroddo Solomun
Solomun


title: Reed Gusciora

texts:
<mask> (born March 27, 1960) is an American Democratic Party politician who has served as the mayor of Trenton, New Jersey since 2018. He previously served from 1996 to 2018 in the New Jersey General Assembly, where he represented the 15th Legislative District. He also served as the prosecutor for Lawrence Township. He defeated businessman Paul Perez to become Mayor of Trenton in 2018, earning 52 percent of the vote in a runoff election on June 12 since no candidate won the 50 percent threshold or more in the May 8 election. Early life
<mask> was born in Passaic, New Jersey and raised in Jamesburg, where he attended public schools and graduated from Jamesburg High School in 1978. <mask>'s father, Walter, worked at the New Jersey Department of Health in Trenton and the City was an integral part of his childhood. As a teenager, <mask> worked for his family's company, Aardvark Pest Control, and in his free time, he spent time visiting Trenton's museums and famous restaurants.He received a B.A. from The Catholic University of America (CUA) in Politics/International Relations and worked his way through college by working at the Library of Congress. After graduation, he worked on Capitol Hill in the congressional offices of U.S. Representatives Andy Ireland (D-FL) and the late Mike Synar (D-OK). <mask> was awarded a J.D. in 1988 from the Seton Hall University School of Law. Legislative career

In 1995, <mask> beat Joseph Constance, a former Mercer County Freeholder and deputy police chief of Trenton Police Department, who received support from the National Rifle Association and campaigned against New Jersey's teachers' union.At the time, Republicans outnumbered Democrats 53 to 27 in the New Jersey State Legislature, and Constance received the momentum of the State's shift towards moderate Republicanism under popular Governor Christine Todd Whitman. <mask>'s victory maintained New Jersey's 15th Legislative District as a Democratic stronghold. <mask> has been the Deputy Majority Leader since 2008, and was the Assembly's Assistant Minority Leader from 1998-2001. He currently serves as Chairman of the Assembly Regulatory Oversight, Federal Relations, and Reform Committee, and is a member of the Assembly Financial Institutions and Insurance and Assembly Labor Committees. He is a former Chairman of the Environment and Solid Waste Committee. <mask> authored the "Paramount Safety" Law that changed the legal standard in child custody cases to protect the health and well being of the child when abuse has occurred. He is the author of a law that streamlines services for people with developmental disabilities through the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Education.He is also the original prime sponsor of legislation that would allow patients to sue HMOs for malpractice and the "Senior Gold Prescription Discount Act," which expanded the state’s prescription drug program for seniors. 2011 redistricting
The redistricting plan adopted following the 2010 U.S. Census moved Gusciora's hometown of Princeton Borough out of the 15th district and into the heavily-Republican 16th. <mask> immediately announced that he would put his Princeton home on the market and move to Trenton, some  away. Trenton was the largest city in the old 15th district and remained the largest city in the newly configured 15th district. 2014–2015 Legislative session
In the 2014-2015 legislative session, Gusciora sponsored fourteen bills and co-sponsored thirty-four bills. Gusciora co-sponsored legislation creating the option to make a voluntary contribution for the support of local libraries on gross income tax returns, establishing a program to provide assistance to qualified veterans in in-patient and out-patient treatment programs to travel to in-state medical counseling, and requiring school bus drivers and school bus aides to attend a training program on interacting with students with special needs. Similarly, during this legislative session, Gusciora co-sponsored several key criminal justice reform bills: "The Opportunity to Compete Act" establishing certain employment rights for persons with a criminal record, requiring the New Jersey Department of Corrections to make reports containing information concerning treatment and reentry initiative participation, extending "Overdose Prevention Act" immunity provisions to certain professionals and professional entities, and permits needle exchange programs to obtain standing order for opioid antidotes.2016–2017 Legislative session
In the 2016-2017 legislative session, Gusciora sponsored twenty-eight bills and co-sponsored thirty-nine bills for a total of sixty-seven bills which were signed into law. Gusciora sponsored legislation to authorize medical marijuana for qualifying patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, require that certain inmates with detainers be provided access to drug treatment programs, and exempt homeless individuals from paying fees for non-driver identification cards. Gusciora co-sponsored "New Jersey Housing Assistance for Veterans Act," a pilot program to assist veterans with housing modification and rehabilitation as well as a bill to permit small, women-owned, or minority-owned businesses located in designated regional centers or planning areas to qualify for loans from the New Jersey Economic Development Agency (EDA) as if located in a designated urban center. Role as mayor

Youth initiatives
On September 13, 2018, the Mayor's Office announced that the City's initiative "Trenton Production and Knowledge Innovation Campus" (TPKIC) was awarded the Innovative Challenge grant by the New Jersey Economic Development Authority. The City partnered with Princeton University, Rider University, The College of New Jersey, Thomas Edison State University, and Mercer County Community College to build the vision behind the application, which seeks to support start-up businesses, local creators, students and faculty at partner colleges and universities, and Trenton Public Schools students and recent graduates. On January 16, 2020, Gusciora announced the launch of the Trenton Youth "WIN" App, a mobile application, which is designed to connect City youth with access to essential services. The City of Trenton, in conjunction with the County of Mercer and our Continuum of Care partners, accepted the pledge to prevent and end youth homelessness in 2020.As part of the United States Interagency Council on Homelessness (USICH) Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness, the City of Trenton has developed community partnerships to promote, educate, and commit to eliminating homelessness within the Capital City. The WIN application has been identified as a crucial way to establish channels of communication with youth who may feel embarrassed when going to a governmental agency. Mayor <mask> stated “The success of this application will not be measured by our ideas, but by our impact. Community stakeholders have been key supporters and we will need the help of all community partners in promoting this.”

Housing and economic development
Within the first 6 months of holding office, <mask> reported that his administration had received $17 million in new public and private grant funding and that there were pursuing $19 million in grants and aid. Gusciora also stated that $6 million in Community Development Block Grants (from 2011-2018), from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, was in the process of being unfrozen. On January 21, 2020, <mask> stated that the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development had decided to release funds to the Capital City because of <mask>'s re-hiring of key positions needed for the appropriate management of federal funds. While most of the funding was used to pay back the City for past projects, the rest will go into public facility renovations and improvements for senior centers.In September 2019, Gusciora touted the results of Trenton's monthly public property auction as the largest and most successful in the City's history. On that day alone, 86 City-owned properties, valued at a collective $3.3 million, were auctioned off, and went back on the tax rolls. Around the same time, <mask> and the Trenton Housing Authority (THA) won $1.3 million in Choice Neighborhood Planning and Action Grant funds, distributed by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development to develop a comprehensive neighborhood transformation plan for Donnelly Homes. In December 2019, Ordinance 19-80 and 19-79, legislation that Gusciora designed and advocated for was passed by the City Council. The legislation authorized sidewalk cafés (without City approval) and the distribution of alcohol for brunch on Sunday mornings earlier (earlier than neighboring municipalities). Public safety
On October 15, 2019, Gusciora announced that the City had been awarded $85,000 from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security through the Federal Emergency Management Agency's 2019 Port Security Grant Program. The funds subsidized the purchase of 3 watercraft with engines, dive rescue equipment, and additional supplies.Health and human services
In November 2019, <mask> shared that the City of Trenton's Department of Health had won a $95,000 grant "Strengthening Local Public Health Capacity Grant Operations" from the New Jersey Department of Health. The funds are being utilized to supplement Gusciora's efforts to reduce the number of residents affected by vaccine-preventable illnesses. Veteran's issues
In November 2019, Gusciora collaborated with veteran Willie Smith and a student leader at Trenton Central High School to win Governor Murphy's "We Value our Veterans Community Award" for City initiatives to help City veterans access medical care, find employment, and locate permanent housing. COVID-19 response
<mask>'s published a document "COVID-19: Trenton Testing Status Report," which outlined steps that his administration had taken to reduce the fatality rate of COVID-19 in the Capital City. The report was the first of its kind written by a municipality in New Jersey and published publicly. At the time of the report, the City's fatality rate of those infected with COVID-19 was 2.8% whilst the State of New Jersey's fatality rate was 7.4%. Gusciora outlined a set of proactive steps that the City had taken to increase the amount of testing, secure personal protective equipment, and coordinate with other governmental agencies.One of <mask>'s policies, created a business loan program for City small businesses, who could apply for up to $20,000 in emergency loans. The Trenton Emergency Loan Program utilized existing funds from the City's Urban Enterprise Zone and exceeded State and County programs set up to assist businesses with their economic recovery. Executive leadership

In July 2019, <mask> announced that he had been selected as one of 40 mayors to participate in the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative, which is an initiative founded by Michael Bloomberg of Bloomberg Philanthropies and three-term mayor of New York City as well as Harvard University. The mission of the program is to inspire and strengthen city leaders as well as equip them with the tools to lead high-performing and innovative cities. <mask> is a supporter of gay rights and same-sex marriage. In December 2006, he publicly acknowledged his homosexuality, thereby becoming the first ever openly gay member of the New Jersey Legislature. In January 2012, he was joined by Assemblyman Tim Eustace, the openly gay mayor of Maywood, who was elected to the General Assembly from the 38th District.On Governor Chris Christie's opposition to a bill to legalize same-sex marriage in the state, Gusciora stated "Govs. Lester Maddox and George Wallace would have found allies in Chris Christie over efforts by the Justice Department to end segregation in the South", and "[Christie] would have been happy to have a referendum on civil rights rather than fighting and dying in the streets of the South." Christie responded, "What I said was I’m sure that civil rights advocates would have liked to have this as another option but it was not available to them, yet you have numbnuts like <mask>ra who put out a statement comparing me to George Wallace and Lester Maddox." The two later amended their differences. References

External links
New Jersey Legislature financial disclosure forms:
2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004
Campaign website
Assembly Member <mask>, Project Vote Smart

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1960 births
21st-century American politicians
Catholic University of America alumni
Gay politicians
LGBT mayors of places in the United States
LGBT state legislators in New Jersey
Living people
New Jersey Democrats
New Jersey lawyers
Mayors of Trenton, New Jersey
Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
People from Jamesburg, New Jersey
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Politicians from Passaic, New Jersey
Politicians from Trenton, New Jersey
Seton Hall University School of Law alumni

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