title: Fatema Mernissi

texts:
<mask> (; 27 September 1940 – 30 November 2015) was a Moroccan feminist writer and sociologist. Biography
<mask> was born on 27 September 1940 in Fez, Morocco. She grew up in the harem of her affluent paternal grandmother along with various female kin and servants. She received her primary education in a school established by the nationalist movement, and secondary level education in an all-girls school funded by the French protectorate. In 1957, she studied political science at the Sorbonne in Paris and later at Brandeis University in the US, where she gained her doctorate in 1974. She returned to work at the Mohammed V University in Rabat and taught at the Faculté des Lettres between 1974 and 1981 on subjects such as methodology, family sociology and psychosociology. Further, she was a research scholar at the University Institute for Scientific Research at the same university.<mask>'s Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in Muslim Society was written for her PhD thesis and later published as a book which recognizes the power of Muslim women in relation to the Islamic faith. <mask> is known for her sociopolitical approaches towards discussing gender and sexual identities, specifically those in Morocco and other Muslim countries. She is regarded as an influential feminist figure, as she was a renowned public speaker, scholar, teacher, writer, and sociologist. <mask> <mask> died in Rabat on 30 November 2015. Publications and their influence
<mask>'s first monograph, Beyond the Veil, was published in 1975. A revised edition was published in Britain in 1985 and in the US in 1987. Beyond the Veil has become a classic, especially in the fields of anthropology and sociology, on women in the Arab World, the Mediterranean area or Muslim societies in general.As an Islamic feminist, Mernissi was largely concerned with Islam and women's roles, analyzing the historical development of Islamic thought and its modern manifestations. Through a detailed investigation of the nature of the succession to Muhammad, she cast doubt on the validity of some of the hadith (sayings and traditions attributed to him), and therefore the subordination of women that she sees in Islam, but not necessarily in the Qur'an. In 1984, she contributed the text "The merchant's daughter and the son of the sultan" to the anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan. Her most famous book as an Islamic feminist, The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Islam, is a quasi-historical study of the role of the wives of Muhammad. It was first published in French in 1987 and translated into English in 1991. The book was subsequently banned in Morocco, Iran, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. As a sociologist, Mernissi mainly undertook field work in Morocco.On several occasions in the late 1970s and early 1980s, she conducted interviews in order to map prevailing attitudes to women and their work. She did sociological research for UNESCO and ILO as well as for the Moroccan government. In the same period, Mernissi contributed articles to periodicals and other publications on women in Morocco and women and Islam from a contemporary as well as from a historical perspective. Her work has been cited as an inspiration by other Muslim feminists, such as those who founded Musawah and others. For Doing Daily Battle: Interviews with Moroccan Women (1991), she interviewed peasant women, women labourers, clairvoyants and maidservants. In 1994, Mernissi published a fictional memoir, Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood (in the US, the book was originally titled The Harem Within: Tales of a Moroccan Girlhood, and is still known by that title in the UK). A recurring topic in her writings is the fictional character Scheherazade of Arabian Nights.Her article, The Satellite, the Prince, and Scheherazade: The Rise of Women as Communicators in Digital Islam explores cases in which women take part in online media, while Digital Scheherazades in the Arab World covers the topics of online activities shifting cultural ways. In these essays, she mentions how technology is quickly spreading – one of the main sources being the World Wide Web – and analyses the roles and contributions of women in this movement. She wrote extensively about life within harems, gender, and public and private spheres. Size 6: The Western Women’s Harem, is an essay from her book, Scheherazade Goes West: Different Cultures, Different Harems that discusses the repression and pressures women in different societies face merely based on their physical appearance. Whether she analyzes women in Moroccan society or in the West, she claims that they must live up to stereotypical,  culturally imposed standards, such as dress sizes. Mernissi compares the clothing size 6 to harems and states that these Western practices isolate and mistreat women. Ethnocentrism: Beyond the Veil
In 1975, Fatima <mask>'s first book, Beyond the Veil, was published, and it was revolutionary.Mernissi broke down the ethnocentric stereotypes Western society had developed towards Islam, especially Muslim women. She distinguished Muslim women from the homogenized group of ‘third-world women’ that Western feminism had created. Mernissi also fought to overcome Western assumptions that Muslim women were helpless victims of both their religion and the men of their religion. Western stereotypes ostracized Muslim men who did not fit the white, masculine, hegemonic mold dominating the first world society, developing racist ideas towards a religion that was believed to oppress women. However, Mernissi pointed out that Muslim women were not victims of their religious practices any more than Western women were victims of the patriarchy; both groups of women were oppressed by specific social institutions within a religion or society created to profit from the marginalization of others. Furthermore, Mernissi explained that Western women were veiled, just as Muslim women were, yet Western veils were much more discreet. She argued that youth and beauty veiled Western women, and once a woman no longer had these, she was hardly recognized by society.Mernissi broke down the ethnocentric approach Western Feminism had been utilizing and wrote to bring more clarity to the diversity necessary within the global Feminine movement. <mask>'s legacy is revolutionary because she created a space within an initially predominantly Western movement that allowed Muslim women to participate without compromising their religious practices. <mask>'s work highlighted how Western feminism could be detrimental to the empowerment of women around the globe if it lacked an intersectional approach to women's issues. Intersectionality: The Forgotten Queens of Islam
In the book The Forgotten Queens of Islam, Fatima Mernissi uses an intersectional approach to understand the positions of women throughout early Islamic history through social and political identities that created modes of discrimination. Her aim was to bring to light the significant contributions that women had made throughout early Islamic history and debunk the misconceptions about the absence of women as political and authoritative figures. She does this by exploring the leadership roles that women were involved in throughout Islamic history and alters the way women are portrayed in historiographies. She claims that women held powerful political positions despite religious titles that were given to men.This is exemplified through the many historical accounts that she provides about fifteen women and the active roles that they played in pre-modern Islam politics. For instance, the role that female slaves played in leading slave revolts against religious rulers without the use of violence (Mernissi, 1994). Moreover, Mernissi distinguishes between “Political Islam,” the period where radical change occurred and women's roles were disregarded or forgotten, and “Rislala Islam,” where women's lives were transformed (Mernissi, 1994). She was fundamental in contributing to the overall academic literature on women's visibility in Islamic history outside of their traditional roles by highlighting their involvement in politics, religion, and cultural change. Gender Roles: Women’s Rebellion & Islamic Memory
In the book Women's Rebellion & Islamic Memory, Fatima Mernissi analyzes the role of women in relation to the world of contemporary Islam. In her work, she explores the idea of sexual identity and gender roles in the Islamic world and helps to redefine the narrative surrounding it. Mernissi discusses some of the most prominent issues to do with the status of Muslim women, such as the masking of women's contribution to the economies of Arab states (Mernissi, 1996).Furthermore, Mernissi delves into different demographic, including education and literacy. She uses this to help explain the importance of these factors not only for the empowerment of women in Islam, but also for their health (Mernissi, 1996). Furthermore, Mernissi analyzes the role of the state in gender roles as well as the outcome of a state that ultimately supports inequality (Mernissi, 1996). Mernissi ultimately argues that the freedom from these controlling traditions and expectations of women is the only way for the Arab world to develop. <mask>'s work is extremely influential in Islamic feminism, intersectionality, and global feminism, by focusing on issues surrounding Muslim women in the Arab world. This book, in particular, was able to bring light to specific issues that women deal with in the Islamic world, such as issues of sexual identity and gender roles, and the effects these can have on women's empowerment and health. Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World
In her book, Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World, Fatima Mernissi employs a transnational approach to analyse the socio-political context of the Arab-Islamic world shortly after the Gulf war.She debates whether the established fundamentalism dominating the Middle East could ever be compatible with the democratic processes used in Western societies. Mernissi raises questions around the uncertainty Muslims feel towards a form of government that is “unislamic” and may compromise their Islamic way of life, including morals and values, such as modesty. Moreover, she explores issues such as the fear of the Islamic religion, democracy, the United Nations Charter, freedom of thought and individualism (Mernissi, 2002). For instance, she looked at how fundamentalism controlled what a woman would be able to wear, so a democratic society that freed women to dress as they pleased could appear threatening to a hyper-masculine culture. She contests that a living democracy should allow for the legal and constitutional ability to disagree with the state. Mernissi then suggests ways in which progressive Muslims, including feminists, who choose to advocate for democracy and resist fundamentalism should draw from the same sacred texts as those who seek to oppress them, in order to prove that Islam is not fundamentally against women. Awards and legacy
Mernissi's works focus on providing a voice for oppressed and marginalized women.She brings to light the contributions of women to the economy and acknowledges the roles that affect how females are viewed within Islamic cultures. Throughout her career, Mernissi was an avid spokesperson regarding women's rights and equality, while also embracing the Islamic faith. She uses historical religious research to make claims for her modern feminist stances. In 2003, <mask> was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award, along with Susan Sontag. Mernissi's acceptance speech, The Cowboy or Sinbad?, covered the topic of globalization, and was recognized for her pensive take, considering both the issue and effects of culture. In 2004, she was awarded the Erasmus Prize, alongside Sadik Al-Asm and Abdolkarim Soroush. For this award, she was recognized for her sociocultural impact since it was dedicated to "Religion and Modernity".In 2017, The Middle East Studies Association created the Fatima Mernissi Book Award to "recognize outstanding scholarship in studies of gender, sexuality, and women’s lived experience". <mask>'s legacy can be greatly attributed to her scholarly and literary contributions to the early Islamic feminist movement. Mernissi tackled issues such as Eurocentrism, intersectionality, transnationalism and global feminism in her publications and public lectures. The New York Times quoted her in an obituary: "Not only have the sacred texts always been manipulated, but manipulation of them is a structural characteristic of the practice of power in Muslim societies,” <mask> <mask>, The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Women’s Rights in Islam (1991)

Bibliography
 1975: Beyond the Veil: Male-Female Dynamics in a Muslim Society. revised ed. 1985, 1987, reprinted London: Saqi Books. 1982:
 1983: Le Maroc raconté par ses femmes.1984: L’amour dans les pays musulmans
 1985: Femmes du Gharb
 1987: Le harem politique – Le Prophète et les femmes (trans. 1992: The Veil and the Male Elite: A Feminist Interpretation of Islam. New York: Basic Books. ) 1988: Shahrazad n’est pas marocaine
 1990: Sultanes oubliées – Femmes chefs d’Etat en Islam (trans. 1993: Forgotten Queens of Islam)
 1992: La Peur-Modernité
 1993: Women’s Rebellion and Islamic Memory
 1994: The Harem Within (retitled. 1995: Dreams of Trespass – Tales of a Harem Girlhood New York: Perseus Books. ) 1997: Les Aït-Débrouille
 1998: Etes-vous vacciné contre le Harem?2001: Scheherazade Goes West. New York: Washington Square Press. 2002: Islam and Democracy: Fear of the Modern World. New York: Basic Books. 2009: Les Femmes Du Maroc. Brooklyn: PowerHouse Books. Edited by Mernissi

 1989: Doing Daily Battle: Interviews with Moroccan Women, translated by Mary Jo Lakeland.New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. See also
 Islamic feminism
 Liberal movements within Islam
 Mohamed Guessous

References

Further reading

 Francesco Alfonso and Fatima <mask> (2006). The New Arab Mass Media: Vehicles of Democracy? Interview with Fatima Mernissi. Istituto per l'Oriente C. A. Nallino. Carine Bourget, Complicity with Orientalism in Third-World Women's Writing: Fatima <mask>'s Fictive Memoirs, Research in African Literatures Vol. 44, No.3 (Fall 2013), pp. 30–49, Indiana University

External links
 <mask> <mask>'s website
 Obituary on Morocco World News
 Chronological Overview of books by <mask> Mernissi
 Announcement of the Asturias Prize, 2003
 Interview: El País (Spanish) 6-7-2008
 Interview: El Pais (Spanish) 31-10-1989
 Interview: Encuentros Digitales El Mundo.es (Spanish)
 Articles in El Pais about Fatima <mask> (Spanish)
 Rebel for the sake of women
 The Prophet and Freedom of the Individual
 Politics and the Prophet, review of <mask>'s Islam and Democracy, by Martin Kramer

1940 births
2015 deaths
Moroccan feminists
Moroccan sociologists
Moroccan women writers
Moroccan essayists
Feminist studies scholars
Proponents of Islamic feminism
Muslim reformers
Mohammed V University faculty
University of Paris alumni
Brandeis University alumni
People from Fez, Morocco
Women sociologists
Moroccan women essayists
20th-century Moroccan women writers
21st-century Moroccan women writers
20th-century Moroccan writers
21st-century Moroccan writers
Women scholars of Islam

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title: Samantha Barks

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 2 October 1990) is a British actress and singer who has performed on stage and screen as well as television. She rose to fame after coming in third in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. In 2012, she starred alongside Jonathan Bailey in the Disney Channel series Groove High, and made her film debut as Éponine in the film version of the musical Les Misérables. Her performance in Les Misérables was widely acclaimed, and earned nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture, the Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture and the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Acting Ensemble, won the Empire Award for Best Female Newcomer and shared the National Board of Review Award for Best Cast. Early life
<mask> was born and brought up in Laxey on the Isle of Man. She attended Laxey Primary School in Laxey and St Ninian's High School, Douglas before moving to London to study A levels at The Arts Educational Schools (ArtsEd) in Chiswick. <mask> began dancing at the age of three, training in ballet, modern and tap with Dancers Barre, then Stagecoach Isle of Man, Theatrix, Stage One Drama School and the Manx Ballet Company.Career

2007–2008: Early work
In April 2007, <mask> released her debut album, Looking in Your Eyes, which sold around 600 copies. The album featured several songs which she co-wrote and was released on the independent label Brunswick Studios. She performed at the Peel Bay Festival in June 2007 supporting Matt Willis and the Sugababes, which also saw appearances by Madness and The Who. In December 2007, <mask> represented the Isle of Man in the Maltese International Song Competition where she won the main prize of €2000 and the title of Best Foreign Singer. She sang the song "Nothing Else" from her album and "Play On", a hit song in Malta. 2008: I'd Do Anything
In 2008, <mask> competed in I'd Do Anything in which she was one of the finalists in a search for a new, unknown lead to play Nancy in a West End revival of the British musical Oliver!. She reached the final where she finished third.On 29 April 2008, at the midpoint of the competition, Tourism Minister Adrian Earnshaw renamed the Isle of Man to be the "Isle of Sam" as a sign of support. Welcoming signs at Ronaldsway Airport and Douglas Sea Terminal were changed after a renaming ceremony. In week eight of the show, <mask> performed "Defying Gravity" from the musical Wicked and in the week leading up to the show she received support from American actress Idina Menzel, who achieved fame for her performance of the song as Elphaba, the Wicked Witch of the West in Wicked. In week nine, <mask> received the lowest number of public votes and so had to participate in the sing-off with Rachel Tucker. They sang "Memory" from the musical Cats. Andrew Lloyd Webber chose to save <mask> and eliminate Tucker saying, "Last night Cameron and I were both saying that we thought both of you would be fantastic Nancys and now here am I faced with this. But I've got to make a decision and I've got to think of where the show ultimately for Cameron is going to go and I think I have to go with you, <mask>."In the week leading up to the two part final on 31 May, the Nancy finalists posed for publicity pictures recreating some of Madonna's iconic images. Each Nancy also had a "Master Class" with Liza Minnelli in London. At the end of part one of the final, <mask> was announced as finishing third with Andrew Lloyd Webber saying, "Do you know what, I did think this would happen. But you've done so well to have got this far, <mask>." <mask> said, "It's been the most amazing experience of my life. Thanks to everyone and the panel for making it so incredible." Performances on I'd Do Anything

2008–present
In June 2008, one month after I'd Do Anything ended, <mask> sang the Isle of Man National Anthem "O Land Of Our Birth" on Senior Race day of the Isle of Man TT to begin the races.<mask> was then announced to play the lead role of Sally Bowles in the UK tour of Cabaret from 29 August 2008 to 11 July 2009. <mask> performed alongside her I’d Do Anything cast-mates Sarah Lark and Jodie Prenger at the Theatregoers Choice Awards in February 2009. Toward the end of her run with Cabaret, <mask> put on her own concert, An Audience with <mask>, at the Villa Marina on the Isle of Man on 3 January 2009 to thank those that supported her during her time on I'd Do Anything and to thank those that have continued to support her. <mask> launched the new Manx Ship, the Caly Manx, in Shanghai, China on 30 September 2009. <mask>, along with Wendy Craig and Jess Conrad, switched on the Christmas Lights in Windsor's town centre on 21 November 2009. <mask> officially launched BreastHealth UK's new clinic at the Spire Thames Valley Hospital in Wexham on 27 November 2009. She played the title role in Aladdin during the Christmas Pantomime Season 2009/10 at the Theatre Royal, Windsor.<mask> starred as Éponine in the London production of Les Misérables at the Queen's Theatre from 21 June 2010 to 18 June 2011. <mask> was chosen to play Éponine in the 25th Anniversary concert of Les Misérables at the O2 Arena on 3 October 2010 by Cameron Mackintosh, after he saw her play the role in her opening night at the Queens Theatre, in London's West End. Also in 2010, <mask> resumed her music career by releasing a song called "Let Go", which she co-wrote with Garry Lake. The single debuted in 2010, but received an official release in 2011 through the independent label Flour Records. <mask> promoted the song with a live performance on SB.TV. <mask> performed the song at Stuart Matthew Price and James Yeoburn's benefit concert for Dress Circle, the Dress Circle Benefit Gala, on 7 August 2011 at Her Majesty's Theatre and the song was later included on the tribute compilation album Standing Ovation: A CD Tribute to Dress Circle which was released on 17 August 2011. <mask> began 2011 with a starring role in the concert Direct From the West End.Run by a company called "Musical Ovation Ltd" set up by Scott Garnham and Martin Neely, the concert was performed for three nights—23 January in York, 6 February in Oxford and 13 February 2011 in Windsor. The concert featured two hours of songs from popular West End musicals. On 27 February 2011, Barks performed in the concert The Songs of Bobby Cronin at the New Players Theatre. On 20 March, Barks performed in Stars of the West End Sing the Songs of Steven Luke Walker at Charing Cross Theatre. Barks performed "On My Own" at the Classical Brits 2011 at The Royal Albert Hall on 12 May 2011. Barks performed in a concert at the Battersea Barge in London on 21 August 2011, singing works by British composer/lyricists Laurence Mark Wythe, Grant Olding, Dougal Irvine and Tim Sutton. She performed with fellow West End stars Stephen Ashfield, Annalene Beechey and George Ure.<mask> performed the Grand Final anthem "Jerusalem" for the Engage Super League Grand Final at Old Trafford on 8 October 2011. <mask> starred as Zoe in the Disney Channel television series Groove High, a mixture of live-action and animation, which premiered on the Disney Channel UK 10 November 2012. The first season lasted 26 episodes and has been sold to broadcasters across the world. <mask> recorded her voice for the series in April 2010, with live-action filming completed in Ireland a year and a half later in October 2011. During an interview in January 2011 <mask> said this of Groove High: "I play Zoe, one of the leads who is really sweet, but also a little feisty, she tells it like it is and doesn't take any rubbish from anybody. It's great because I also get to do a lot of singing for the show." <mask> starred as Nancy in the UK tour of Oliver!from 10 December 2011 to 1 April 2012. <mask> had planned to perform the entire tour, but temporarily left the tour on 1 April to film Les Miserables. She was replaced on the tour by Cat Simmons. <mask> reprised her role as Éponine and made her film debut in the 2012 film adaptation of Les Misérables. She learned the news from Cameron Mackintosh during an Oliver! curtain call. During filming for Les Misérables, <mask> recorded the song "Defective" for the album Scott Alan Live which was released in December 2012.In June 2012, just days after completing Les Misérables, <mask> returned to the UK tour of Oliver! for two weeks at the Edinburgh Playhouse. On 24 June 2012, <mask> performed in a Little Women charity concert at the Playhouse Theatre in London. On 13 October 2012, <mask> performed at the Indoor Garden Party concert in New York City's Gramercy Theatre. The concert was part of a concert series created by Russell Crowe and Alan Doyle. <mask> performed at another Indoor Garden Party concert at New York City's Joe's Pub on 8 December. In early November 2012, <mask> briefly returned to the Oliver!UK tour at the Grand Theatre, Leeds. <mask> permanently returned to the Oliver! UK tour on 12 December at Bord Gáis Energy Theatre in Ireland and continued with the tour until 20 February 2013 at the Bristol Hippodrome. She left the show early in order to head to Los Angeles for rehearsals with fellow Les Mis co-stars for their cast performance at the Oscars on 24 February 2013. Her rendition of "On My Own" from Les Miserables reached number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100, and number 43 in the UK, being her first entry on each chart. On 11 February 2013, <mask> won Best Breakthrough Performance at the Elle Style Awards. <mask> performed with her co-stars from the film Les Miserables at the 85th Academy Awards ceremony on 24 February 2013.Immediately after the Oscars, <mask> flew to the Isle of Man to begin work on her second film, The Christmas Candle. In March 2013, <mask> took part in the television special Andrew Lloyd Webber: 40 Musical Years for ITV, performing "Another Suitcase in Another Hall" in honor of Andrew Lloyd Webber. In June 2013, <mask> performed at The Recording Academy Honors. The same month, <mask> took part in the one-night only 24 Hour Plays at the Broad Stage Theater in Santa Monica, California. <mask> played the role of Velma Kelly in the 2013 production of Chicago at the Hollywood Bowl in July 2013. In late 2013, <mask> starred as the romantic lead in The Devil's Harvest, a film scheduled to be released in 2014, and co-starring Max Irons and Barry Pepper. In October 2013, <mask> played the part of Jules in the private workshop production of a potential musical of Bend It Like Beckham with a score by Howard Goodall, lyrics by Charles Hart, and book by Gurinder Chadha and Paul Mayeda Berges.<mask> had a role in Dracula Untold, which was released on 10 October 2014. She portrayed Baba Yaga, an angelic woman who turns into an atrocious evil witch; however, her scenes were cut from the film. In 2014, <mask> was cast in the ensemble drama A Hundred Streets and announced she would be returning to West End theatre in the revival of City of Angels directed by Josie Rourke with musical direction by Gareth Valentine and choreography by Stephen Mear. In July 2015, <mask> began rehearsing for the world premiere of Amélie, A New Musical at the Berkeley Repertory Theatre in California. The show opened on 29 August and had its run extended to 18 October. In January 2016, it was announced that <mask> was cast in the movie musical Strike!. Also, in February 2016, it was announced that she would star in the drama Interlude in Prague.<mask> performed as the lead role of Cathy in the Off-West End production of The Last Five Years at the St. James Theatre from 27 October to 3 December 2016. She recently joined director Jason Robert Brown again for a one-off concert of his musical, Honeymoon in Vegas, at the London Palladium on 12 March 2017, starring alongside Arthur Darvill. <mask> has continued her music career playing at various venues around the UK since her album release. Following her self-titled album release on 10 June 2016, she launched her first solo tour around the UK to promote and perform songs from her album at 13 venues. She performed live in concert at Mayflower Theatre in Southampton alongside guest singer Kerry Ellis on 20 May 2017. <mask> made her American solo concert debut with four dates at Feinstein's/54 Below in New York City in July 2017. In September 2017, it was announced that <mask> would be playing the role of Vivian (originated by Julia Roberts) in the stage musical Pretty Woman.The musical premiered at Chicago's Oriental Theatre in March 2018, before transferring to Broadway in July 2018. Pretty Woman marked her Broadway debut. On 5 December 2019, <mask> was cast as Elsa in the West End production of Frozen, beginning in August 2021. Personal life
<mask> is a vegetarian. On February 1, 2021, she became engaged to actor Alex Michael Stoll, whom she met while they were both in the Broadway production of Pretty Woman. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Discography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask>' CV at United Agents

1990 births
Living people
Manx people
Manx musicians
Manx singers
British film actresses
British stage actresses
British television actresses
21st-century Manx actresses
21st-century Manx musicians
People educated at St Ninian's High School, Douglas
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
People from Laxey
Manx musical theatre actresses

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title: C. Vijayaraghavachariar

texts:
<mask> (18 June 1852 – 19 April 1944) was an Indian politician. He rose to prominence following his appeal against the charges alleging him to have instigated a Hindu – Muslim riot in Salem (now in Tamil Nadu). The legal battle and eventual victory in proving his innocence earned him the title The Lion of South India. He entered politics as a member of the Salem Municipal Council in 1882. His prominence in the national media and friendship with Allan Octavian Hume, a civil servant and reformer, led him to be invited to the first sessions of the Indian National Congress. Once within the Congress, he rose to serve as its president in 1920. He played a key role in framing the Swaraj Constitution.He was part of the Propaganda Committee of the Congress and thus served in spreading the ideologies of the party to the masses. He also served as the president of Hindu Mahasabha, a Hindu nationalist party, in 1931. Early years
<mask> was born on 18 June 1852 into an Iyengar Brahmin family in the village of Pon Vilaindha Kalathur, in the district of Chengalpattu in the state of Madras Presidency, in what was then the British Raj. His father, Sadagoparchariar, was a priest and raised his son as an orthodox religious believer. At a very early age, Vijayaraghavachariar was sent to a school in his village where he learned Sanskrit and the Vedas, the holy language and the scriptures of Hinduism. His English education began when he was twelve. He joined the Pachaiyappa High School and passed out in 1870, ranking second in the Madras Presidency, the province that included most of South India.He joined Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai) the following year, graduated in 1875, and the same year was appointed a lecturer there. He was transferred to the Government College, Mangalore, and after three years resigned his post. Subsequently, he joined the Salem Municipal College as a lecturer in English and mathematics. Career as lawyer
During his time in Salem Municipal College Vijayaraghavachariar took law examinations privately without attending formal classes, and qualified as a pleader in 1881. Salem riot

In 1882, a short time after Vijayaraghavachariar had set up practice in Salem, a riot broke out in the city. Vijayaraghavachariar was charged for instigating the violence that led to the demolition of a mosque and was sentenced to prison for ten years. He fought the charges in court and finally proved his innocence.Subsequently, through his efficiency in advocacy he successfully pleaded to Lord Ripon for others who were sentenced for the riots to be released from Andaman Cellular Prison. He took objection to being disqualified from the membership of the Municipal Council, Salem, of which he had been a member during the period of the riot. As a result of his appeal, he was not only reinstated in the Municipal Council, but was able to obtain from the Secretary of State for India a sum of Rs 100 as a nominal damage for removing him from the council. He also proceeded against the witnesses who had falsely deposed against him, and got them convicted. The Salem riots of 1882 made Vijayaraghavachariar famous overnight. The riot case was highly publicised in the Indian national media and newspapers hailed him as a great champion of civil liberties. Thus he came to be called "The Lion of South India" and "The Hero of Salem".Entry into politics
<mask>'s entry into public life began with his membership of the Salem Municipal Council in 1882. In 1895 he was elected to the Madras Legislative Council, which he served for six years, until 1901. Indian National Congress

When the Indian National Congress was started in 1885 Vijayaraghavachari attended the first convention as one of the special invitees. He was a close associate of A. O. Hume, the founder of the Congress. Even prior to December 1885, <mask> had suggested to Hume that a national organisation like the Indian National Congress, which he was proposing to create, should be political in outlook and at the same time should look into the economic and social needs of the masses. He felt that only then could the influence of such a body spread wide all over the country. He attended the Bombay session of the Congress and in 1887 he was one of the members of the committee which drafted the constitution of the Indian National Congress.He held high influence in the Congress, and most of the early names in Congress history were his friends or co-workers. His counsel and leadership were much sought after by the Congressmen of the early days. In 1899 (fifteenth session of the Congress, Lucknow) he was made a member of the Indian Congress Propaganda Committee. Through this committee he commanded a wide national influence and played a key role in spreading the message of the Congress throughout the length and breadth of the country. It was as a result of the committee's work that multitudes were brought within the fold of the Congress. Relationship with other Congress leaders
<mask>'s close associates in the Congress included Dadabhai Naoroji, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Lala Lajpat Rai, C. Rajagopalachari and Motilal Nehru. With the advent of Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent ideologies in the party, there was a rift in the Congress ranks between the old moderates and the new radicals.Vijiaraghavachariar was a Nationalist and the Moderate Congress policy did not appeal to his judgement. He, therefore, stood aloof from the Congress after the organisation split following Surat session. Nevertheless, he later joined to carry the message of Gandhi. The climax of his political career came when in 1920 he was elected to preside over the Indian National Congress Session at Nagpur, where Gandhi's advocacy of Poorna Swaraj through non-violent non-co-operation was debated and accepted. He, with his powerful oratory, gave many a wordy battle to C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru on the question of the Council Entry Programme drawn up by them. He was also in the vanguard of the opposition to the Simon Commission that toured the country in 1929. He took an active part in the committee that met under Motilal Nehru to frame the Constitution for Congress.He appealed to the League of Nations to intervene and arbitrate in the Indian deadlock that proceeded after the Simon Commission. He considered the League of Nations as the hope of humanity. Constitution for Indian National Congress
Earlier in 1913 he was elected to the Imperial Legislative Council with which he was associated till 1916. At Delhi he worked in close co-operation with great leaders like Madan Mohan Malaviya, Surendranath Banerjea and Gopala Krishna Gokhale. In the third session of the Congress, held at Madras in December 1887 and presided over by Badruddin Tyabji, a historic decision was taken to draw up the Constitution of the Indian National Congress. Vijayaraghavachariar was the leading member of this committee. It was he who drafted the Constitution of the Congress which became the Swaraj Constitution for India.He performed this task with great care and ability and won the appreciation of all his colleagues. Achievements and social outlook
Vijayaraghavachariar advocated post-puberty marriage for women and also the right of a daughter to have a share in her father's property. He rendered great assistance to Swami Sharathananda in his work connected with the Anti-Untouchability League. His multi-sided personality also found expression in his participation in the organisation of the Hindu Mahasabha. He presided over the All India Hindu Mahasabha Sessions at Akola in 1931. He was one of the two Vice-Presidents of the Madras Branch of the Passive Resistance Movement. Mahatma Gandhi was its President; the other Vice-President was S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, editor of The Hindu.Vijayaraghavachariar's powerful advocacy of the cause of labour and the non-Brahmins bear ample testimony to the largeness of his heart. He was also munificent in his donations to causes dear to him. The Anti-Untouchability League and the Congress Propaganda Organization in England in its early days received liberal financial support from him. His life was filled with relentless struggle against Imperialism and economic and social distress. Though an anti-imperialist, he had lifelong friendship with some of the representatives of imperialism in India, such as governors and viceroys. Lord Ripon, Lord <mask>, Lord Pentland, Lord and Lady Hardinge, Sir <mask> Smith and Sir William Meyer were his friends from the Imperialistic Bloc. Eardley Norton, the great advocate, who argued his Salem Riots case and saved him from transportation to the Andamans, was his intimate friend.Edwin Montagu, then Secretary of State for India, commented that Vijayaraghavachariar was a vigorous thinker but with impractical ideas. Last years
Though the leadership of the Congress in South India passed on from his hands to C. Rajagopalachari, Vijayaraghavachariar contented himself with giving periodic advice on matters of public importance through his regular contributions to the Madras journals. He died on 19 April 1944. After his death, his valuable collections were treasured in the Memorial Library and lecture halls in Salem specially constructed and named after him. His portrait hangs on the walls of Parliament of India. References

Presidents of the Indian National Congress
1852 births
1944 deaths
Members of the Imperial Legislative Council of India
People from Kanchipuram district
University of Madras alumni

masks:
Chakravarti Vijayaraghavachariar
Vijayaraghavachariar
Vijayaraghavachariar
Vijayaraghavachariar
Vijayaraghavachariar
Czon
Conran


title: Reginald Stuart Poole

texts:
<mask> (27 January 18328 February 1895), known as <mask>, was an English archaeologist, numismatist and Orientalist. <mask> was from a famous Orientalist family as his mother <mask>, his uncle Edward William Lane and his nephew <mask> famous for their work in this field. His other uncle was Richard James Lane, a distinguished Victorian lithographer and engraver. Life
Born in London, <mask> was the son of the Rev. <mask>, a well-known bibliophile. His parents became estranged during his early childhood, and his mother, <mask>, took her sons to Egypt to live with her brother, the Orientalist Edward William Lane. During their seven-year residence in Cairo from 1842 to 1849, <mask> wrote The Englishwoman in Egypt, while her son was imbibing an early taste for Egyptian antiquities.In 1852 he became an assistant in the British Museum and was assigned to the Department of Coins and Medals, of which in 1870 he became keeper. In that capacity he worked as a writer, teacher, and administrator. He was largely responsible for founding the Egypt Exploration Fund in 1882 and for starting the Society of English Medallists in 1884. He was Yates Professor of Archaeology at University College, London and also lecturer at the Royal Academy. In 1883 he received an honorary degree from Cambridge University. He received the Medal of the Royal Numismatic Society in 1892. On 6 August 1861, he had married Eliza Christina Forlonge, daughter of William Forlonge, with whom he had four children, including Sir <mask> <mask>.<mask> retired in 1893 and died in 1895. Works
Some of <mask>'s best work was done in his articles for the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, on Egypt, Hieroglyphics and Numismatics; he also wrote for Smith's Dictionary of the Bible and published volumes dealing with his special subjects. <mask> was one of the strong defenders in England of the work of Champollion when he was criticized harshly by Sir George Lewis even as late as 1862. In reply to Lewis critique, <mask> defended Champollion's method describing it as "the method of interpreting Hieroglyphics originated by Dr. Young and developed by Champollion". Selected publications
[NC = Numismatic Chronicle]
1860 Cairo, Sinai, Jerusalem, and The Pyramids of Egypt: A Series of Sixty Photographic Viewsby Francis Frith, Sophie Lane <mask> and <mask> <mask>. 1860 The Genesis of the Earth and of Man: a critical examination of passages in the Hebrew and Greek Scriptures, chiefly with a view to the solution of the question, Whether the varieties of the Human Species be of more than one origin
1861 On a coin of Mallus in Cilicia [read 26 Jan 1859], NC, New Series, vol. 1 (1861), part 2, pp.87–90, text fig. 1861 On a copper coin of the class struck after the death of Alexander the Great, by his generals, before they assumed regal titles [read 25 April 1861], NC, New Series, vol. 1 (1861), part 3, pp. ; 137–0139, text fig. 1861 On two Cretan coins in the British Museum [read 22 March 1860], NC, New Series, vol. 1 (1861), part 3, pp. 168–74, pl.1861 On a coin from the Cyrenaica, presented to the British Museum by the late F.H. Crowe, Esq., H.M. Consul at Cairo [read 24 Oct 1861], NC, New Series, vol. 1 (1861), part 4, pp. 201–3, text fig. 1862 On a new coin of ancient Italy [read 20 Nov 1862], NC, New Series, vol. 2 (1862), part 8, pp. 300–1, text fig.1863 The late Colonel Leake's Collection of Greek Coins [offered to Cambridge University for £5000], NC, New Series, Vol. 3 (1863), part 12, pp. 266–67. [accepted, see 1864, 75]
1864 The coins of the Ptolemies (to be continued), NC, New Series, vol. 4 (1864), part 13, pp. 7–16, pl., 2 tables [see 159, 231 below; 1865, 126, 321; 1866, 1; 1867, 161]
1864 Coins of the Ptolemies, continued, NC, New Series, vol. 4 (1864), part 15, pp.159–73, 2 pl. 1864 Coins of the Ptolemies, continued, NC, New Series, vol. 4 91864), part 16, pp. 231–35, 2 pl. 1864 On Greek coins as illustrating Greek art [delivered 27 May 1864], p. 236-47, pl. 1865 Coins of the Ptolemies, continued, NC, New Series, vol. 5 (1865), part 18, pp.126–60, pl, 2 charts. 1865 Coins of the Ptolemies, continued, NC, New Series, vol. 5 (1865), part 20, pp. 321–36, 2 pl, 2 charts. 1866 Coins of the Ptolemies, continued, NC, New Series, vol. 6 (1866), part 21, pp. 1–20, 3 text figs.1867 Coins of the Ptolemies, concluded, NC, New Series, vol. 7 (1867), part 27, pp. 161–202. 1875–1890 Catalogue of Oriental coins in the British Museum, by Stanley Lane-<mask> and <mask> <mask>. 1878 A descriptive catalogue of Swiss coins in the South Kensington Museum, by <mask> <mask>, Chauncy Hare Townshend, and Victoria and Albert Museum. 1885 Coins and medals : their place in history and art by <mask> <mask> and Stanley Lane-<mask>. 1892 Catalogue of the coins of Alexandria and the Nomes / by <mask> <mask> (in the series: Catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum, ed.by <mask> <mask>). 1854/85 On the coinage of the dynasties called the Benee-Tooloon and the Ikhsheedeeyeh, ruling in Egypt, NC 17 (1854–55), pp. 116–26, pl. 1876 Catalogue of Greek Coins in the British Museum, ed. by R.S<mask>, with B.V. Head and P. Gardner, London, 1876. (announced in NC, New Series, vol.16 (1876), part 63, p. 276. 1877 Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British Museum: vol. II, Coins of the Mohammedan Dynasties, Classes III-X, by Stanley Lane <mask>, ed. by R.S<mask>, London, 1876 (announced in NC, New Series, vol. 17 (1877), part 65, p. 78. 1883 Athenian coin-engravers in Italy (coins of Terina) [read 21 Feb 1884], NC, Third Series, vol.3 (1883), part 12, pp. 269–77, 2 pl. 1889 Catalogue of the Greek coins in the British Museum – Pontus, Paphlagonia, Bithynia and the Kingdom of the Bosporus, by Warwick Wroth, ed. by R.S<mask>, London, 1889 (announced by B.V. Head in NC, Third Series, vol. 38 (1890), pp. 173–74.Obituaries
The Times, 9 February 1895; pg. 5; Issue 34496; col F
The Advertiser (Adelaide, Australia), 11 February 1895, p. 5. Australian Town and Country Journal (NSW, Australia), 16 February 1895, p. 12. The Mercury (Hobart, Tasmania), 13 February 1895, p. 3. References

External links
R.S<mask> on the British Museum collection database
Bronze plaque of R.S. <mask>, mader in 1897 by Sir George Frampton, R.A., P.R.B.S.(1860–1928)
R.S<mask> in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
R.S<mask> in the Dictionary of Art Historians
R.S<mask> on Worldcat

1832 births
1895 deaths
English archaeologists
Employees of the British Museum
British numismatists
Lane family

masks:
Reginald Stuart Poole
Stuart Poole
Poole
Sophia Lane Poole
Stanley Lane Poole
Poole
Edward Poole
Sophia Lane Poole
Lane Poole
Reginald Ward
Poole
Poole
Poole
Poole
Poole
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
Reginald Stuart
Poole
. Poole
Poole
. Poole
. Poole
. Poole
Poole
. Poole
. Poole
. Poole


title: Axel Theimer

texts:
<mask> (; born March 10, 1946) is a conductor, composer, singer, author and professor at the College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University (CSB/SJU) in Minnesota. He conducts the professional a cappella choir Kantorei (Minneapolis/Saint Paul), the National Catholic Youth Choir and the Amadeus Chamber Symphony, and as of 2020 is in his 52nd year as a music faculty member at CSB/SJU, where he conducts CSB/SJU Chamber Choir and the SJU Men's Chorus. He is on the faculty and is executive director of the VoiceCare Network. He is an acknowledged expert on healthy vocal production for solo and choral singing, and the effect of conducting gesture on vocalists and instrumentalists. His choirs are known and praised for their particularly warm, natural, expressive and efficient sound. Biography

Early life
Theimer was born in 1946 in the village of Sankt Johann in Tirol in the State of Tyrol, Austria. His parents managed a retreat camp in the Austrian Alps for children from the nearby city of Innsbruck.In the farm-like setting, Theimer's earliest exposure to music included singing folksongs around the campfire, while hiking, and at evening gatherings. Theimer began taking piano lessons at age four in the village of St. Johann, about an hour's walk down the mountainside every other week. Education
Theimer was accepted into the training choir of the Vienna Boys’ Choir at age seven and joined one of the touring choirs at age nine. He was a member of the choir until age 14. During those years he toured Europe, South Africa, Rhodesia, Mozambique and, twice (1958 and 1960) the United States. The tour in 1958 included a concert at Saint John's University in Collegeville, Minnesota. After completing his time with the boys’ choir, he finished his high school education (Realgymnasium) with the matura while also continuing his piano studies and singing with several choral groups in Vienna, including the Jeunesse Musicale and the Zusatzchor at the Vienna State Opera.After high school he was a student at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna until he moved to the United States to begin his tenure on the music faculty at CSB/SJU. Theimer holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Saint John's University (1971). He received a Master of Fine Arts in choral conducting (1974) and Doctor of Musical Arts in vocal performance (1984) from the University of Minnesota, where he was a student of Tom Lancaster and Roy Schuessler. Career

Conducting
While living in Vienna, Theimer conducted the Chorus Viennensis, the adult performing partner ensemble to the Vienna Boys’ Choir, for two years. In 1969, SJU Men's Chorus director Gerhardt Track recommended Theimer to succeed him as the choral director at Saint John's University. Theimer arrived in Minnesota that summer. Theimer has conducted the SJU Men's Chorus since joining the faculty at Saint John's University in 1969.In the same year, he also organized the first mixed choir for students of the College of Saint Benedict (a college for women) and Saint John's University (a college for men), which evolved into the CSB/SJU Chamber Choir, now one of the major touring ensembles of the combined CSB/SJU music department. In 1984 Theimer founded the Amadeus Chamber Symphony, a community chamber orchestra for central Minnesota musicians and audiences. The orchestra plays a full concert season each year and participates in annual Christmas at Saint John’s and other concerts involving CSB/SJU choral ensembles. The orchestra also hosts several community and youth partnership concerts each season. Since 1988, Theimer has conducted Kantorei , a professional choir specializing in 19th- and 20th-century a cappella music from central Europe. The choir is known throughout the Midwest for its distinctively effortless sound, warm blend and expressive interpretation. It has been praised for reflecting the emotional content of both text and music.Kantorei presents concerts at churches in the Minneapolis/Saint Paul area and collaborates with schools as a part of its “Singing for a Lifetime” educational outreach program. Kantorei has been featured on Classical Minnesota Public Radio (KSJN), A Prairie Home Companion, and Twin Cities Public Television, and has produced five CD recordings. While its main repertoire is a cappella choral music, Kantorei has collaborated with the Minnesota Orchestra, Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra, Minnesota Sinfonia and Minnesota Chorale during its 22 seasons. Kantorei is not affiliated with the choir of the same name based in Denver, Colorado, or the boys’ choir of the same name based in Rockford, Illinois. Since 2000, Theimer has been music director of the National Catholic Youth Choir, a choir for Roman Catholic high school students from across the United States that meets each summer at Saint John's University. Theimer has conducted all-state choirs, choral festivals, and honor choirs throughout the United States, Canada and Asia, and has presented master classes, workshops and seminars for state, regional and national music conventions and conferences, including ACDA, MENC, VCDA (Virginia Choral Directors Association) Senior Honors Choir Director  MMEA, OKMEA, and NPM. His annual Impact Course offered by the VoiceCare Network has attracted choir directors, classroom teachers, singers and others interested in the human voice and human compatible learning/teaching, from around the world.Solo and recital career
Theimer is an active solo performer and recitalist. He regularly sings with Pastiche, an ensemble of the music faculty at CSB/SJU. His solo recitals, while focusing frequently on the art song repertoire by Beethoven, Brahms, Frederick Loewe, Franz Schubert, Robert Schumann, Richard Strauss and Hugo Wolf, also include major literature by Samuel Barber, Gabriel Fauré, Gerald Finzi, Bohuslav Martinů, Francis Poulenc, Peter Warlock and others. With guitarist O. Nicholas Raths, he has produced two solo recordings of Austrian folksongs. Theimer also frequently appears as a baritone soloist with choirs and orchestras for oratorio performances, including everything from J.S. Bach’s St. John’s Passion to the CSB/SJU and St. Cloud State University music departments’ 2008 presentation of Stephen Paulus’s Holocaust memorial oratorio To Be Certain of the Dawn.Teaching
At CSB/SJU, Theimer teaches applied voice, vocal pedagogy, choral conducting and other related courses. Writings
Theimer is co-author of several chapters in Bodymind and Voice: Foundations of Voice Education, co-edited by Dr. Leon Thurman and Dr. Graham Welch. The book is used as vocal pedagogy text in universities in the United States, Canada, Australia and Great Britain. He is currently executive director of the VoiceCare Network, a professional association offering seminars and training to music educators, choral conductors, voice teachers and singers. Awards
In November 2001 Theimer was named Choir Director of the Year by Minnesota American Choral Directors Association (ACDA-MN). He received the Alumni Achievement Award from Saint John's University in 1997 and, in 2004, was inducted to the Minnesota Music Educators Association (MMEA) Hall of Fame. In 2011, Theimer received the ACDA-MN F. Melius Christiansen Lifetime Achievement Award.Music

Compositions
Theimer's choral compositions and arrangements are published by Alliance Publications in Wisconsin.


title: Renée Elise Goldsberry

texts:
<mask> (born January 2, 1971) is an American actress and singer known for originating the role of Angelica Schuyler in the Broadway musical Hamilton, for which she won the 2016 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. Her other Broadway credits include Nettie Harris in the original Broadway cast of The Color Purple, and Mimi Marquez in Rent. She has portrayed many roles on television, including Geneva Pine on The Good Wife, and Evangeline Williamson on One Life to Live, for which she received two Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. As of 2021, she stars in the Peacock musical comedy Girls5eva. Also that year, she received nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Actress in a Supporting Role in a Limited Series or Movie for her performance in the Disney+ live stage recording of Hamilton, which was released in 2020. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Jose, California and raised in both Houston, Texas and Detroit, Michigan. She is the daughter of Betty Sanders, an industrial psychologist, and father, an automotive industry executive in Michigan.<mask> has one older brother and two younger brothers. <mask> was introduced to theater in summer camp when she was 8 years old. Renée's younger brother was shy, and their mother enrolled both of them in camp at the HITS Theater in Houston taught by Carolyn Franklin. After graduating from Cranbrook Kingswood School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, she attended Carnegie Mellon University, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in theater, in 1993. This is also where she became a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority through the Theta Beta chapter. She subsequently attended graduate school at the University of Southern California's Thornton School of Music, where she received a Master of Music in jazz studies, graduating in 1997. Career

Television
Between 1997 and 2002, <mask> had a recurring role on the Fox legal comedy-drama Ally McBeal, as one of the back-up singers who frequently accompanied Vonda Shepard's performances.She appeared in a total of 43 episodes prior to the series' cancellation. <mask> also carried the role over into a three-episode guest appearance on the spin-off series Ally. <mask> portrayed attorney Evangeline Williamson on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live from 2003 until 2007. She was nominated for an NAACP Image Award in 2004 for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series, and won a Soap Opera Digest Award in 2005 with co-stars Michael Easton and Melissa Archer. <mask> was nominated for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in both 2006 and 2007 for the role. After she left One Life to Live, <mask> held a recurring role as assistant state attorney Geneva Pine on the CBS political drama The Good Wife, appearing multiple times every season throughout its run. She ultimately appeared in 23 episodes between 2010 and the series' end in 2016.<mask> has also made guest appearances on series such as Evil (2019 TV series from the same creators of The Good Wife), Star Trek: Enterprise, Royal Pains, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, Younger, Masters of Sex, and That '80s Show. In 2017, <mask> starred as Henrietta Lacks in the HBO television film adaptation of Rebecca Skloot's nonfiction work, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. In 2018, appeared in the Netflix science fiction series Altered Carbon as Quellcrist Falconer, and reprised the role in season 2. She also performed the Johnny Cash song "Ain't No Grave" for the end credits to the final episode. <mask> currently stars on Girls5eva in the role of Wickie Roy, a member of a one-hit wonder 1990s girl band group Girls5eva. Girls5eva chronicles their reunion and attempts to reignite their stardom. The series premiered on May 6, 2021, on the Peacock streaming service.Film
In 2001, <mask> had the lead role of Nicole Taylor in the romantic comedy All About You, for which her performance was praised. She also portrayed Drea Smalls in the 2008 action film Pistol Whipped, and small supporting roles as Cynthia Barnes in the crime drama Every Secret Thing (2014) and Kim in the comedy Sisters (2015). In 2019 she starred in Waves (2019) with co-star Sterling K. Brown. Theatre

<mask> played a replacement Nala in the Broadway production of The Lion King, and was in the cast of the United States national tour of Dreamgirls. She was nominated for a Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance, and won a New York magazine Best of 2005 Award, for her performance as Sylvia in the 2005 Shakespeare in the Park revival of Two Gentlemen of Verona. <mask> later originated the role of Nettie Harris in The Color Purple, the Broadway musical adaptation of the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1982 novel of the same name. She starred in the production from November 2005 to January 2006.<mask> returned to the Off-Broadway stage in The Baker's Wife in 2007, before taking over the role of Mimi Márquez in the Broadway musical Rent, making her the final actress to play the role on Broadway. Rent last performance was filmed and made into a DVD, Rent: Filmed Live on Broadway, which also aired as a television film. In 2011, she was nominated for an Outer Critics Circle Award for her portrayal of Kate Dillon in the Broadway production of David Lindsay-Abaire's play Good People. She went on to appear in off-Broadway productions of Love's Labour's Lost and As You Like It, and appeared in I'm Getting My Act Together and Taking It on the Road at Encores!. <mask> originated the role of Angelica Schuyler in Hamilton, playing her last performance in the role on September 3, 2016. For her work in the production, she won a 2015 Drama Desk Award, the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical, and the 2016 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. In addition, as a member of the principal cast, she also received a Grammy Award after the original cast album won Best Musical Theater Album at the 2016 Grammy Awards.Music
<mask> has had a lengthy singing and songwriting career, co-writing and performing more than half the soundtrack to the 2001 film All About You, including the title song. She was also the grand prize winner of the 1997 John Lennon Songwriting Contest for her rock music. <mask> wrote and recorded an album titled Everything But the Kitchen Sink (2001) and an EP titled Beautiful (2006). In October 2015, she appeared at the BET Hip Hop Awards, where she was one of two women to rap in the Cypher. Personal life
In 2002, <mask> married New York attorney Alexis Johnson. In May 2009, she gave birth to their first child, a son named Benjamin Johnson. In 2014, she and her husband adopted a second child, a daughter from Africa.Her name is Brielle. Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

Discography
 Everything But the Kitchen Sink (2001, out of print)
 A Holiday Affair (2006, sings "The Christmas Song")
 Beautiful (2006, EP; out of print)
 The Color Purple (2006, original Broadway cast recording)
 Hamilton (2015, original Broadway cast recording)
 Zoey's Extraordinary Playlist (2020, Season 1 Soundtrack)
 Girls5eva (2021, soundtrack)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at the Internet Off-Broadway Database

1971 births
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Detroit
Actresses from Houston
African-American actresses
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American soap opera actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Carnegie Mellon University College of Fine Arts alumni
Cranbrook Educational Community alumni
Drama Desk Award winners
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Thornton School of Music alumni
Tony Award winners
African-American women singers

masks:
Renée Elise Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Goldsberry
Renée
Elise Goldsberry


title: Halie Loren

texts:
<mask> (born Oct 23, 1984) is an American jazz singer and songwriter from Sitka, Alaska. Her albums have reached number one on the Billboard Japan Top 20 Jazz Albums chart. Career

Albums
<mask>'s recordings are distributed by JVC Kenwood Victor Entertainment, Justin Time Records, and Burnside Distribution Corporation. They Oughta Write a Song

In 2008, They Oughta Write a Song debuted at number three in Billboard Japan jazz album sales and appeared on the chart for 33 weeks. [8] Critical reception was positive. [9] [10] "With her bell-clear voice, careful but natural diction and a subtle sexiness in her delivery, she offers a new — and perhaps less drug-hazed — take on Procol Harum's "A Whiter Shade of Pale," reviewer Serena Markstrom wrote in The Register-Guard. [11]

A YouTube video for the album single Perhaps, Perhaps, Perhaps was viewed 5.6 million times as of October 2017.Many Times, Many Ways

Many Times, Many Ways: A Holiday Collection was released in 2008. The duo album featured two original compositions by pianist/co-producer Matt Treder. Stages

Stages, <mask>'s first live CD, was recorded at two concerts on the Oregon Coast and released in March 2010. CD Baby selected it as an Editor's Pick in October 2010, writing that "Her respect for the past is undeniable, while her finger on the pulse of modern music gives her songs a wide appeal that reaches far beyond jazz clubs. "[12] Wildy's World named it  the best live album of the year. [13]

After Dark

In 2010, <mask> released After Dark. Wildy's World called it one of 2010’s top three indie albums and named her Artist of the Year.[19] [20] [21]

<mask>’s original song "Thirsty" was nominated for best jazz song for the 2011 Independent Music Awards[26] and won for best jazz song in the IMA Vox Pop poll. [27] <mask>'s original song "In Time" was released as a single to benefit the Japanese Red Cross in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami of 2011. [40]

Heart First

Loren's fifth jazz album, Heart First, was released in Japan December 14, 2011, and in North America on March 6, 2012. [29]

Jazz Critique magazine chose Heart First as the best vocal jazz album of 2011.☂ In Canada it peaked at number one in jazz album sales on iTunes[33] and number two on Amazon. On December 11, 2011, the album's prerelease single, Fly Me to the Moon, was the number-one jazz track on iTunes Japan. [35]

On December 14, twelve Loren tracks concurrently appeared on iTunes Japan's top 100 chart. [36] The album's eponymous song Heart First was number one in jazz singles on iTunes Canada on March 24, 2012.JazzTimes reviewer Christopher Loudon praised her "chameleonic vocal skills" and reported that the album "generated plenty of buzz about her emergence as the next big thing among jazz vocalists. "[37]

Dan Bilawsky on All About Jazz wrote, "Loren’s ability to find something new in the old makes this a fun ride. … Depending on the song, Loren can be sweet, sly, or sultry, but she always finds the right read. "[38] Brian Arsenault in The International Review of Music wrote, "Alternately sexy and smooth, sultry and wry, Ms. Loren uses her not inconsiderable gifts well. "[39]

Simply Love

Her sixth jazz album, Simply Love, was released in 2013. It entered Billboard Japan's Top Jazz Albums chart at number two in its first week of release. [34]

Positive response came from USA TODAY, with reviewer Elysa Garnder writing, "The twenty-something chanteuse brings a playful precocity and an easy sexiness to the standards on Simply Love."The Seattle Weekly found that "To hear <mask> <mask> sing is to glimpse the divine, and it is easy to see why this jazz vocalist is getting noticed here and abroad." "For sheer vocal beauty and old-school warmth, few among her contemporaries can match <mask> Loren," Christopher Loudon wrote in Jazz Times. Butterfly Blue

Butterfly Blue, released in 2015, was <mask>'s seventh jazz release and second number-one Billboard Japan jazz album. In a 4 1/2 (out of 5) star review, All About Jazz reviewer C. Michael Bailey noted that "Loren brings that voice, her compositional and arranging skills, and a damn good band," and praised her daring choice of standards. NPR reviewer George D. Graham cited it as one of the best albums of 2015. From his review: "If you are looking for an appealing jazz-influenced female singer-songwriter, there are a lot of outstanding chanteuses from which to choose on the music scene these days. <mask> <mask>’s new album underscores her place in the ranks among the best of them, and the variety on her new album provides extra appeal."The Best Collection

The Best Collection, a selection of hits from her catalog and a new song recorded for the album, was released in Asia in 2014. Live at Cotton Club

Live at Cotton Club was released in Japan in 2016. Selected performances
In 2017, <mask> toured internationally at the Suwon Jazz Festival in Korea, Orchestra Siciliana in Italy, the Port-au-Prince International Jazz Festival, and an eight-show engagement at Cotton Club Tokyo. She also performed at Jazz Aspen Snowmass. In 2016, she performed with Oliver Jones at Victoria International JazzFest. She headlined the Britt Orchestra summer pops concert helmed by music director and conductor Teddy Abrams at the Oregon Britt Festival. In 2013 she performed a holiday concert in Louisiana with the Monroe Symphony Orchestra.In 2012, she performed with the Corvallis/OSU Symphony Orchestra and Orchestra Siciliana. <mask> is a member of musical group The Sugar Beets and records and performs with her band halie and the moon, which has released two EPs. <mask> independently released Full Circle in 2006, a collection of her original songs performed by her on vocals and keyboards and featuring co-producer James M. House on guitar and bass. Biography
<mask> grew up in Sitka, Alaska, making her performing debut at age ten at the Sitka Fine Arts Camp. She received a degree in visual arts from the University of Oregon. She lives in Eugene, Oregon. Awards and honors
 First Place, Country category, Pacific Songwriting Competition, "What We're Fighting For" written by <mask> <mask> and Larry Wayne Clark (2005)
 Jazz Song of the Year, "Thirsty", Independent Music Awards, Vox Pop poll (2011)
 Best Vocal Jazz Album, Heart First, Jazz Critique magazine (Japan) (2011)
 Her debut album, They Oughta Write a Song, won best vocal jazz album at the 2009 Just Plain Folks awards.and in 2010 became Japan's second highest-selling jazz album. [2]

Discography

References

External links
 Official site

Living people
Singer-songwriters from Oregon
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Musicians from Eugene, Oregon
Vocal jazz musicians
Jazz-pop singers
Smooth jazz singers
American women jazz singers
American jazz singers
1984 births
Ballad musicians
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
Justin Time Records artists
People from Sitka, Alaska
Singer-songwriters from Alaska

masks:
Halie Loren
Halie Loren
Loren
Loren
Loren
Loren
Halie
Loren
Halie
Loren
Halie
Loren
Loren
Loren
Loren
Loren
Halie
Loren


title: Michael A. Arbib

texts:
<mask> (born 28 May 1940) is a computational neuroscientist. He is an Adjunct Professor of Psychology at the University of California at San Diego and professor emeritus at the University of Southern California; before his 2016 retirement he was the Fletcher Jones Professor of computer science, as well as a professor of biological sciences, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, neuroscience and psychology. Education and career
<mask>ib was born in England on 28 May 1940, the oldest of four children. His parents moved to New Zealand when he was about 7, and on to Australia when he was about 9. <mask>ib was educated in New Zealand and at The Scots College in Sydney, Australia. In 1960 he took a BSc (Hons) at the University of Sydney, with the University Medal in Pure Mathematics. <mask>ib received his PhD in Mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1963.He was advised by Norbert Wiener, the founder of cybernetics, and Henry McKean. As a student, he also worked with Warren McCulloch, the co-inventor of the artificial neural network and finite-state machine. Following his PhD, <mask>ib moved to Stanford for a postdoc with Rudolf E. Kálmán. <mask>ib spent five years at Stanford, before moving to become becoming the founding chairman of the Department of Computer and Information Science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 1970. He remained in the Department until 1986, when he joined the University of Southern California. He retired and was granted emeritus status in 2016. <mask>ib's collected papers from the period 1960 through 1985 are held by the University of Massachusetts Amherst.Research

As both a theoretical neuroscientist and a computer scientist, <mask>ib argues that by deducing the brain's operating principles from a computational standpoint we can both learn more about how brains function and also gain tools for building learning machines. With Richard Didday, he developed one of the first winner-take-all neural networks in 1970. More recently, with Giacomo Rizzolatti, the leader of research team that discovered mirror neurons, he proposed an evolutionary link between mirror neurons, imitation, and the evolution of language. Awards and honors
In 1992, <mask>ib was elected a Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence for "his work in schema theory and neural networks to provide a linking methodology between distributed artificial intelligence and brain theory." In 2008, <mask>ib was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Selected Bibliography

Authored and Co-authored Books
 (2012) How the Brain Got Language: The Mirror System Hypothesis OUP
 (2005) Beyond the Mirror: Biology and Culture in the Evolution of Brain and Language OUP
 (1989) The Metaphorical Brain Second Edition" Wiley  (First edition Wiley 1972
 (1988) with Robert N. Moll and A.J. Kfoury An Introduction to Formal Language Theory Springer
 (1987) Brains, Machines, and Mathematics Second Edition Springer  (First edition McGraw-Hill 1964 LC 63-21473)
 (1987) with E. Jeffrey Conklin and Jane C. Hill From Schema Theory to Language OUP
 (1986) with Mary B. Hesse The Construction of Reality CUP
 (1986) with Ernest G. Manes Algebraic Approaches to Program Semantics Springer
 (1985) In Search of the Person: Philosophical Explorations in Cognitive Science UMass
 (1984) Computers and the Cybernetic Society Second Edition" Academic Press  (First edition 1977)
 (1982) with A.J.Kfoury and Robert N. Moll A Programming Approach to Computability Springer
 (1981) with A.J. Kfoury and Robert N. Moll A Basis for Theoretical Computer Science Springer
 (1978) with Suad <mask>c The Design of Well-Structured and Correct Programs Springer
 (1975) with Ernest G. Manes Arrows, Structures, and Functors: The Categorical Imperative Academic Press
 (1973) with Louis Padulo System Theory. A Unified State-space Approach to Continuous and Discrete Systems Saunders
 (1969) Theories of abstract automata Prentice-Hall
 (1968) Algebraic Theory of Machines, Languages and Semigroups

Edited Books
 (2005) with Jean-Marc Fellous Who Needs Emotions: The Brain Meets the Robot OUP
 (2003) The Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks 2nd Edition MIT  (First edition MIT 1995 0-262-01148-4)
 (1984) with Oliver G. Selfridge and Edwina L. Rissland Adaptive Control of Ill-Defined Systems Plenum Press {{ISBN|978-1-4684-8943-9) (Proc. Nato Conference Series. II, Systems Science, V. 16, June 21–26, 1981 Devon, England)
 (1982) with David Caplan and John C. Marshall Neural Models of Language Processes Academic Press

Other Publications

 Dynamic Interactions in Neural Networks: Models and Data (Research Notes in Neural Computing) by <mask><mask>, Shun-Ichi <mask> (1 January 1989)
Vision, Brain, and Cooperative Computation by <mask><mask> (Editor), <mask>. Hanson (Editor) (24 January 1990)
Natural and Artificial Parallel Computation by <mask> A. Arbib (Editor), J. <mask> Robinson (Editor) (Hardcover – 21 December 1990)
Neuroscience: From Neural Networks to Artificial Intelligence : Proceedings of a US-Mexico Seminar Held in the City of Xalapa in the State of Verac (Lecture Notes in Mathematics) by Pablo Rudomin, et al. (1 June 1993)
Neural Organization: Structure, Function, and Dynamics by <mask> A. Arbib, Péter Érdi and János Szentágothai et al. (31 October 1997)
Neuroscience and the Person: Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action (Scientific Perspectives on Divine Action Series) by Robert J. Russell, et al.(1 January 2000)
Computing the Brain: A Guide to Neuroinformatics by <mask>, Jeffrey S. Grethe (15 March 2001)
The Neural Simulation Language: A System for Brain Modeling by <mask>, et al. (1 July 2002)
Visual Structures and Integrated Functions (Research Notes in Neural Computing, No 3) by <mask><mask>, Jorg-Peter Ewert
Visuomotor Coordination: Amphibians, Comparisons, Models, and Robots by Jorg Peter Ewert, <mask>. <mask>ib

References

External links

British computer scientists
Cognitive scientists
1940 births
Living people
<mask>, A. <mask>
University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty

masks:
Michael Anthony Arbib
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Arb
Alagi
Michael A
. Arbib
Amari
Michael A
. Arbib
Allen R
Michael
Alan
Michael
Michael Arbib
Alfredo Weitzenfeld
Michael A
. Arbib
Michael A
Arb
Arbib
Michael


title: Saul Hertz

texts:
<mask>, M.D. (April 20, 1905 – July 28, 1950) was an American physician who devised the medical uses of radioactive iodine. Hertz pioneered the first targeted cancer therapies. Hertz is called the father of the field of theranostics, combining diagnostic imaging with therapy in a single or paired chemical substance(s). Early life and education
<mask> was born on April 20, 1905, to father Aaron Daniel (A.<mask> and mother <mask> in Cleveland, Ohio. His parents were Jewish immigrants from what is currently Golub-Dobrzyń in Poland. A.D<mask> was a successful real estate developer.The <mask>'s raised their seven sons according to Orthodox traditions. <mask> attended public school and went on to graduate from the University of Michigan with Phi Betta Kappa honors in 1924. He received his medical degree from Harvard Medical School in 1929, at a time when there were strict quotas for outsiders (particularly Jews and Catholics – there were no women). Hertz completed his internship and residency at Cleveland's Mount Sinai Hospital, which had been established to serve Cleveland's East side Jewish population. Early studies with radioactive iodine
Hertz  joined  the Thyroid Clinic and Metabolism Laboratories at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1931. Although initially a volunteer, shortly thereafter, Hertz became Chief of the Thyroid Clinic, serving in this capacity from 1931-1943. On November 12, 1936, Karl Compton, then president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, gave a presentation, entitled "What Physics Can Do For Biology and Medicine" in Harvard Medical School's Vanderbilt Hall.<mask> spontaneously asked President Compton, "Could iodine be made radioactive artificially?" on possible applications of physics to medicine. Compton responded in a letter to <mask> on December 15, 1936, writing, "Iodine could be made artificially radioactive" and "emits gamma rays and beta rays." On December 23, 1936, <mask> replied, “that iodine is selectively taken up by the thyroid” and “that he hopes that it will be a useful method of therapy.”

In 1937, <mask> began a collaboration with the physicist Arthur Roberts of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The purpose of the collaboration was to explore possible applications of iodine radioisotopes for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases. Robley D. Evans, Director of the Radiation lab of MIT hired Arthur Roberts. As a condition of his employment, any papers forthcoming would include Robley Evans as an author.The Harvard Milton Fund sponsored the first preclinical studies of isotope iodine-128 on thyroid function in 48 rabbits, which Roberts produced without a cyclotron. Roberts produced the iodine-128 by means of neutron bombardment, building on previous studies by physicist Enrico Fermi. Roberts also devised a Geiger-Müller detector for quantifying the amount of the radioisotope of iodine present in the biological specimens produced in the experiment. <mask>'s experiment with Roberts involved studies of 48 rabbits. They determined in the study that the hyperplastic thyroid gland absorbed more of the radioactive substance than the normal gland. This proved that radioactive iodine could serve as a radioactive tracer in thyroid function. The tracer procedure was critical for determining the amount of iodine the human thyroid took up so that the dosage of radioactive iodine could be established for therapeutic purposes.The original manuscript describing their rabbit study findings had <mask> and Roberts as the coauthors as they had done the work and written the paper. Primary sources document Roberts' production of I-128 at the MIT laboratory, while <mask> and Roberts solely administered and analyzed the biodistribution of the radioisotope in the rabbits. Robley Evans insisted that his name be added to the author list at the time the Hertz/Roberts study paper was published. Evans had taken no part in the research or writing of the paper. At the time of the 1937 rabbit studies, <mask> predicted the therapeutic use of radioactive iodine for treating thyroid carcinoma in a medical journal. Therapy with radioactive iodine

Hertz's initial studies were conducted with iodine-128. However, this isotope has a half-life of only 25 minutes, rendering it impractical as a therapeutic or diagnostic agent.Human application of the iodine radioisotopes required a more suitable radioisotope of iodine. Dr. Joseph Hamilton, a neurologist in a medical practice near Berkeley, became interested in the Hertz-Roberts research. Hamilton measured the differential absorption ratio of various radionuclides produced by the Berkeley cyclotron. Dr. Mayo Soley, a former colleague of <mask> at MGH, wrote to <mask> congratulating him on his RAI work. Dr. Soley was then at University of California Berkeley, where Ernest Lawrence had built a cyclotron. Hamilton and Soley were motivated by the animal work of Hertz and Roberts and sent Hamilton to Boston. Hamilton went to California to join Soley in the thyroid clinic.Hamilton Complained to Berkeley's Glenn Seaborg about the short half-life of I-128. In 1938, Glenn Seaborg and John Livingood had artificially prepared I-131 using the University of California Berkeley's cyclotron. With a half-life of 8 days, this isotope was better suited to practical medical applications than I-128. The building of the cyclotron at MIT for producing suitable isotopes was funded for $30,000 by the Mary Markle Foundation of New York City in 1938. The construction project was completed two years later in 1940. During those two years, the experiments with rabbits continued. In early 1941, <mask> administered to the first human patient a therapeutic dose of cyclotron-produced radioiodine (RAI), the patient suffering from Graves Disease, a form of hyperthyroidism.This clinical trial was at the Massachusetts General Hospital. This administration was the first successful treatment of humans with an artificially produced radioactive material. Subsequently, a series of 29 patients were treated in this way, and their outcomes were documented. The Journal of the American Medical Association published “Radioactive Iodine in the Study of Thyroid Physiology" with <mask> as lead author in its May 1946 issue. This article was a five-year follow-up study of the 29 patients, and it documented the successful treatment and safety of radioactive iodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. The follow-up study established the use of radioactive iodine therapy as a standard treatment for Graves’ disease. World War II interval
In 1943, <mask> joined the United States Navy Medical Corps.He served as an adjunct to the Manhattan Project, working in an aspect of the project related to biology and medicine for furthering medical uses of atomic energy. After his return from military duty, <mask> learned that MGH's Earl Chapman (who had taken over Hertz's clinical trials) and MIT's Robley Evans, had submitted a scientific publication to the Journal of American Medicine (JAMA) claiming priority for the development of the use of RAI to treat Graves' Disease. Morris Fishbein, editor of JAMA, requested that <mask> and Roberts, submit their seventh article on the subject, describing their successful use of RAI in the first clinical trials. As a result, two scientific publications appeared side by side in the May, 1946, issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, with the Hertz publication with Roberts appearing first in the issue of the journal. Stolen Intellectual Property
Current historians have documented the reason for two articles from the same institution appearing side by side in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) May 11, 1946 issue. The first by Hertz and Roberts, and the second by MGH's Earle Chapman and MIT's Robley Evans. Chapman, who took over Hertz's established cases during the war, teamed up with Evans to treat 22 new cases of their own.Chapman and Evans used Hertz's data to do their own human trials with minor tweaks and were the first to submit an article to JAMA, without consulting or acknowledging <mask>. They claimed propriety of the RAI therapy in treating Graves' disease. <mask> was informed about the Chapman-Evans Paper submission after the Chapman-Evans paper was sent sent back for revisions. Roberts insists that neither Chapman nor Evans have any propriety for the development of RAI treatment stating, "I would believe nothing on this subject from Chapman, whose self interest is obvious, and who bungled, whether deliberately or not, the follow up on <mask>’s original series when <mask> joined the Navy." Nuclear fission products in cancer treatment
Interest in atomic energy for peaceful purposes was heightened as the Atomic Age commenced following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. <mask> envisioned broader applications of radioisotopes in cancer treatment stating, “My new research project is in cancer of the thyroid which I believe holds the key to the larger problem of cancer in general". <mask> established the Radioactive Isotope Research Institute in Boston, Massachusetts, in September 1946, with Samuel Seidlin of New York City as the associate director.Its purpose was to develop the applications of nuclear fission products to the treatment of thyroid cancer, goiter, and other malignant growths. After WWII, <mask> joined the newly expanding Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. There, <mask> directed the successful use of RAI in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid carcinoma. <mask> worked with the government to centralize an agency to handle the distribution of radioactive isotopes for use by private enterprises working on approved projects. He advocated for the Atomic Energy Commission to produce iodine-131 in the government’s atomic piles (nuclear reactors) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which lowered the cost and increased radioiodine's distribution. He made extensive studies of radioactive iodine in the  treatment of thyroid cancer as well as in the production of total thyroidectomy in the treatment of certain cases of heart disease. In 1949, <mask> established the first nuclear medicine department at the Massachusetts Women's Hospital where he expanded his research to use radionuclides to diagnose and treat other forms of cancer.Hertz studied the application of radioactive phosphorus and the influences of hormones on cancer as displayed by isotope studies. Later career and influence
<mask>'s research was seminal in the emergence of the field of nuclear medicine. His research continued with his appointments as instructor at Harvard Medical School from 1946 to 1950 and as an attachment to the Nuclear Physics Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1939 to 1950. The application of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease is the cornerstone of nuclear medicine. Barbara Bush, who was successfully treated with radioiodine, wrote to Vitta <mask>, his widow, “It is comforting to know that so many people are well because of the scientific expertise of people like Dr. Hertz.”

In the early 21st century, there is a significant rise in the use of radioisotopes to diagnose and treat cancer, in a field of nuclear medicine referred to as theranostics. Yttrium 90 (Y-90) and Lutetium-177 are being used to diagnose and treat neuroendocrine tumors. The use of dosimetry has its origin in <mask>'s work.Alpha targeted therapy is a therapy for patients with neuroblastomas (brain tumors). The use of the protein called NIS, that is needed for the thyroid to take up the RAI in the treatment of thyroid carcinoma, is being explored to treat breast cancer. Additionally I-131 is  being utilized in the treatment of stem cell replacement for leukemia patients. These are all modern applications of nuclear medicine. <mask> died on July 28, 1950, at age 45 of a heart attack. Selected honors
Dalton Scholar - Massachusetts General Hospital - 1931 - 1933
Henry Pickering Wolcott Fellow - Harvard Medical School - 1935 - 1937
Key to Science/Sigma XI - Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Scientific Society) - 1940

Enduring memorials
The Society for Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Engineering administers the <mask>, MD, Award in honor of <mask>. The award recognizes individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the field of radionuclide therapy.Connecticut Senator Richard Blumenthal entered into the congressional record on May 11, 2021 "Senate Remembering Dr. <mask>tz." He stated "Mr. President, today I rise to recognize Dr <mask>tz, a pioneer for medical uses of radioiodine, RAI... On March 31b, 1941... Hertz administered the first therapeutic use of radioiodine... Today, medical uses of RAI remain the g©old standard of targeted precision oncology." Beginning in 2000, <mask>'s daughter Barbara Hertz has led an effort to more thoroughly document the contributions of <mask> to medicine. This has included a website with his major publications. <mask> also co-authored with Kristin Schuller a 2010 publication in the journal Endocrine Practice on her father's major contributions to human health. In 2014, the National Museum of Nuclear Science and History, a Smithsonian affiliate, displayed the, "Dr. <mask> and the Origin of Nuclear Medicine" exhibit. In 2021, the American Chemical Society (ACS) designated the Mass General Hospital as the "<mask> and the Medical Uses of Radioiodine" National Historic Chemical Landmark.ACS Landmark commemorates this seminal achievement in the history of chemical sciences and provides a record of Dr. <mask>'s contributions to chemistry and society that have profoundly transformed our lives. See also
Nuclear Medicine
Radioactive iodine
Hyperthyroidism

References

1905 births
1950 deaths
American nuclear medicine physicians
Physicians from Cleveland
University of Michigan alumni
Harvard Medical School alumni
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Saul Hertz
Saul Hertz
D ) Hertz
Bertha Hertz
. Hertz
Hertz
Saul Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Hertz
Saul Hertz
Saul Hertz
Saul Her
Saul Her
Hertz
Hertz
Barbara Hertz
Saul Hertz
Saul Hertz
Hertz


title: Howard Alden

texts:
<mask> (born October 17, 1958) is an American jazz guitarist born in Newport Beach, California. Alden has recorded many albums for Concord Records, including four with seven-string guitar innovator George Van Eps. Early life
<mask> was born in Newport Beach, California on October 17, 1958. He grew up in Huntington Beach, playing piano, harmonica, the four-string tenor guitar, and then four-string banjo at age ten. After hearing recordings of Barney Kessel, Charlie Christian, Django Reinhardt and other jazz guitar greats, he got a six-string guitar and started teaching himself to play. As a teenager he played both instruments at venues in the Los Angeles area. He studied guitar with Jimmy Wyble when he was 16.In 1977–78 he studied jazz guitar at the Guitar Institute of Technology (GIT) in Hollywood with Herb Ellis, Joe Pass, and <mask>. At GIT he assisted Roberts in organizing and preparing curriculum materials. <mask> then conducted some of his own classes at GIT. Musical career
<mask> made his first trip to the east coast in the summer of 1979, playing in a trio led by vibraphonist Red Norvo for three months at Resorts International in Atlantic City. He moved to New York City in 1982 to play an extended engagement at the Café Carlyle with jazz pianist/songwriter Joe Bushkin. Soon afterwards, he was discovered by Joe Williams and Woody Herman. In 1983 he was already collaborating with Dick Hyman, when he appeared with him and a host of other musicians at Eubie Blake's one-hundredth birthday concert.<mask> formed the Alden-Barrett Quintet in 1985 with Dan Barrett, which played in the swing idiom, as he has done for most of his career. He also began partnerships with Ruby Braff, Kenny Davern and Jack Lesberg. He joined George Van Eps, innovator of the seven-string guitar, on tour and recorded albums with him, switching to the seven-string himself in 1992. Sweet and Lowdown
<mask> recorded the guitar performances for Sean Penn's character Emmet Ray in Woody Allen's 1999 film Sweet and Lowdown, and taught Penn how to mime the performances for the film. The score also featured Bucky Pizzarelli on rhythm guitar and arrangements by pianist Dick Hyman. (Telarc, 1999)
 You're the Top: Love Songs of Cole Porter (Telarc, 1999)

With Warren Vaché Jr.
 Easy Going (Concord Jazz, 1987)
 Talk to Me Baby (Muse, 1996)
 Mrs. Vache's Boys (Nagel-Heyer, 1999)

With others
 Harry Allen, I'll Never Be the Same (Master Mix, 1994)
 Harry Allen, Love Songs Live! (Pipe Dream Chartmaker 1997)
 Frank Tate, Live in Belfast (Nagel-Heyer, 2001)
 Mel Torme, A Tribute to Bing Crosby (Concord Jazz, 1994)
 Allan Vache, Jim Galloway, Raisin' the Roof (Nagel-Heyer, 2000)
 Terry Waldo, Footlight Varieties (Stomp Off, 1990)
 George Wein, Swing That Music (Columbia, 1993)
 Bob Wilber, Bufadora Blow-up (Arbors, 1997)
 Chuck Wilson, Echo of Spring (Arbors, 2010)
 Lillette Jenkins & Doc Cheatham, The Music of Lil Hardin Armstrong (Chiaroscuro, 1988)

References

External links

 Official site

 New England Jazz History Database Audio Interview

20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Swing guitarists
Mainstream jazz guitarists
American jazz guitarists
Seven-string guitarists
1958 births
Living people
Musicians Institute alumni
Chesky Records artists
American male guitarists
Musicians from Newport Beach, California
American jazz banjoists
Jazz musicians from California
Guitarists from California
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Stomp Off artists
Arbors Records artists
Concord Records artists
Chiaroscuro Records artists
Nagel-Heyer Records artists

masks:
Howard Vincent Alden
Howard Vincent Alden
Howard Roberts
Alden
Alden
Alden
Alden