title: Jake Scott

texts:
Jacob E<mask> (July 20, 1945 – November 19, 2020) was an American professional football player who was a free safety and punt returner from 1970 to 1978 for the Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins of the National Football League (NFL). <mask> went to the Pro Bowl five consecutive times between 1971 and 1975. He recorded 35 interceptions in his six seasons as a Dolphin, and another 14 in his three years with the Redskins. He was also a five-time All-Pro and was the MVP of Super Bowl VII. <mask> wore number 13 throughout his career, which was later made famous in Miami by Dan Marino, and has since been retired in Marino's honor. College career
After growing up in Athens, Georgia, but playing high school football in Arlington, Virginia at Washington-Lee High School, <mask> played college football at the University of Georgia, where he led Georgia in interceptions in 1967 with six interceptions and 1968 with ten interceptions. In 1967, <mask> was named first-team All-SEC defensive back by the Associated Press, and in 1968 again in both the AP and the UPI.The ten interceptions in a season is now second-most in Georgia history behind Terry Hoage’s 12 in 1982. <mask>'s 175 return yards on interceptions in 1968 is also second all-time for Georgia. <mask>'s college career total of 315 interception return yards is the most in school history. He also holds the current Georgia record for career interceptions. <mask> was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1986 and the Athens (GA) Athletic Hall of Fame in 2000. It was announced on May 17, 2011 that <mask> had been selected for induction into the College Football Hall of Fame. <mask> left the University of Georgia after his Junior year to go to Canada and play professional football  in the CFL.Based on his July 20 birth date, <mask>'s military draft lottery number of record was 187. The highest administrative draft number called for <mask>'s year group was 195, suggesting that <mask> could  have been, but was not, drafted for military service during the Vietnam War as he had previously served in the U.S. Marines. Professional career
<mask> began his professional career in 1969 in the Canadian Football League as a flanker and kick returner with the BC Lions. He was drafted by the Miami Dolphins in seventh round of the 1970 NFL Draft, where in his rookie year, he recorded five interceptions and returned one punt return for touchdown. The following year, he recorded seven interceptions and 318 punt return yards, helping the team reach Super Bowl VI, which they lost 24-3 to the Dallas Cowboys. <mask> recorded a 21-yard punt return in the game. <mask> was a key member of the 1972 Miami Dolphins undefeated season, and was named Super Bowl MVP of Super Bowl VII, recording two interceptions in the Dolphins' 14-7 win over the Washington Redskins including one in the fourth quarter.He helped the Dolphins in their 24-7 Super Bowl VIII win, recording two fumble recoveries, 20 punt return yards, and 47 kickoff return yards in that game. He established 2 Super Bowl Records. <mask> set a record by being the first player to recover 2 fumbles in one game. He also first established the record for most career fumble recoveries in Super Bowls at two, a record now shared by 12 others. <mask> is still the only player to have recovered one of his own team's fumbles and one of his opponent's fumbles in a single Super Bowl game. Overall, <mask> finished his nine seasons with 49 interceptions. He made 35 interceptions playing 6 seasons for Miami, making him the Dolphins' all-time leader in that category.<mask> had 13 fumble recoveries in his career. On special teams, he gained 1,357 yards and a touchdown returning punts, and 137 yards on six kickoff returns. <mask> played for the Redskins the final 3 years of his career. In the late 1980s, NFL Films named <mask> as the Dolphins All-Time Neutralizer sponsored by Tums. He was inducted into the Georgia-Florida Hall of Fame in 1998. The Professional Football Researchers Association named <mask> to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2007

<mask> was one of only three living Super Bowl MVPs who did not attend Super Bowl XL, when all previous MVPs were honored prior to the game; the other no-shows were Terry Bradshaw and Joe Montana. <mask> did attend Super Bowl 50 and was introduced during pre-game festivities.During his retirement <mask> was an investor in Hawaii. <mask> was inducted with Bill Stanfill into the Miami Dolphins Honor Roll on November 18, 2010. Personal life and death
<mask> was a lifelong bachelor, who enjoyed fishing and traveling. A private individual known for shunning the spotlight, <mask> had lived in the Colorado mountains and the Florida Keys, and spent his later years living in Hanalei, a small town on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. <mask> died at the age of 75 on November 19, 2020, after falling down a flight of steps while visiting friends in Atlanta, Georgia. <mask> was cremated and his ashes were spread in the waters of Hanalei Bay. Memorabilia from <mask>'s personal collection, including his Super Bowl rings, were sold at auction, as per his final wishes.References

 Super Bowl MVPs Retrieved February 29, 2012
 Miami Dolphins player profile, <mask> Retrieved Feb 29, 2012
 HYDE: Where's <mask>? We found him Retrieved December 19, 2006
 Super Bowl Records Retrieved February 29, 2012

External links
 <mask>'s stats on databasefootball
 <mask>'s stats on pro-football-reference

1945 births
2020 deaths
People from Greenwood, South Carolina
Players of American football from South Carolina
Accidental deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football safeties
American football return specialists
Canadian football wide receivers
Canadian football return specialists
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Georgia Bulldogs football players
Miami Dolphins players
Super Bowl MVPs
Washington Redskins players
BC Lions players
Washington-Liberty High School alumni

masks:
. Scott III
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title: Goran Milić

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 24 January 1946) is a Croatian journalist whose work has primarily been on television. With a high-profile career spanning forty years, he's one of the most recognizable media personalities in the countries of former Yugoslavia. From 2011 to 2016 <mask> was the Al Jazeera Balkans news and program director. Early life and education
Born in Zagreb, PR Croatia, FPR Yugoslavia to Croat parents (father <mask> from Slano and mother Marija Smodlaka from Dubrovnik), young Goran spent a couple of months in Prague at the age of six, joining his father who was part of the Yugoslav diplomatic staff in Czechoslovakia. In 1954, his father got reassigned to an observer post in the Council of Europe so the family moved to Strasbourg where young Goran attended primary school, grades two through six. <mask>'s father was an active participant and supporter of Croatian Spring. In 1959, his father got a job at the Yugoslav Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which for 13-year-old Milić meant relocation to Yugoslav capital Belgrade where he soon commenced his gymnasium studies.Before graduating gymnasium, however, he was on the move again, this time to Montevideo, Uruguay as his father got named to the post of Yugoslavia's ambassador in the South American country. <mask> returned to Belgrade to graduate gymnasium, and then went back to Uruguay before returning to Belgrade once more to enroll at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Law. In 1969, <mask> served the mandatory Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) stint in Titograd, where he served as a traffic officer. After that, <mask> relocated to London, where he worked as a truck driver in Nottingham Hill. Journalism career

Radio-Television Belgrade
After a stint in England, <mask> tried to apply for job in Belgrade once again, though he rather wished to pursue a career in maritime law. In 1970, twenty-four-year-old <mask> began his journalism career at Radio-Television Belgrade (RTB). Initially, the youngster learned the ropes under seasoned journalists Ranko Lozo, Nebojša Popović, and Velimir Popović.<mask> also cites Momčilo Popović as an influence, specifically his style of summarizing news items in a catchy headline before expanding upon the topic. His first job consisted of travelling around Serbia and collecting feedback about the television programme. However, the project was shortly abandoned. Foreign reporter
RTB eventually assigned Milić to cover foreign politics (initially assigned to Latin America section) where his knowledge of languages came in handy. His first foreign assignment was reporting from the Arab League summit in Algiers in late November 1973. A year later, he reported from the scene in Cyprus in July 1974 during the Turkish invasion where he went after interviewing Greek foreign minister Georgios Mavros. In 1975, during the conference of Non-Aligned Movement in Peru, <mask> witnessed a coup d'état executed by Francisco Morales-Bermúdez.<mask> soon advanced to the position of editor in the foreign affairs department and was among the Yugoslav press pack following president Tito on his foreign trips to Panama, Venezuela, Mexico, Berlin, as well as the United States in 1978. Correspondent from New York City
In late 1979 <mask> was named RTB's correspondent from New York City, moving there in April 1980 with his wife Olivera. Only a month after <mask>'s arrival to the United States, Yugoslav president Tito died. During the mourning period back home, <mask> managed to interview the U.S. president Jimmy Carter. <mask> later revealed the diplomatic maneuvering behind the interview:

<mask> returned from New York in 1985. During his time in the United States, <mask> became a member of National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, and was a part of the committee for News & Documentary Emmy Award for three years. Coming back home to Yugoslavia, simultaneously with work at RTB, he began teaching at the University of Belgrade's Department of Journalism as lecturer, a job he performed until 1988.Dnevnik 2 news anchor
Right after returning from New York, <mask> began hosting Saturday's Dnevnik 2, RTB's 7:30pm central daily newscast, which made him a well-known television personality all over SR Serbia and SFR Yugoslavia. He simultaneously received promotion to an executive position, getting appointed as RTB news division's deputy editor-in-chief. At Dnevnik 2, in addition to delivering the news, his Saturday newscasts also bore somewhat of a personal imprint with several thematic segments including one where he got to interview general interest guests. One of the most enduring moments of his time hosting Dnevnik was a live link into a 1987 Bijelo Dugme concert at Belgrade's Sajam, allowing the band to perform their "Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo" song live for the large television audience. In 1989, he covered the Kosovo miners' strike. Side PR jobs
Throughout <mask>'s time anchoring RTB's Dnevnik 2, his popularity and prominence got him various one-off high profile side jobs in public relations. In fall 1985, upon returning from America, he got appointed to the executive committee of the city of Belgrade's bid to host the 1992 Summer Olympics.His work at the committee from late 1985 and throughout 1986 mostly entailed dealing with the bid's media presentation and publicity in foreign press and electronic media. In October 1986, at the IOC vote, Barcelona won ahead of Paris and Brisbane, with Belgrade coming in fourth out of the six bids. In 1987, communist politician Josip Vrhovec appointed <mask> the president of the information commission for the Universiade in Zagreb. In September 1989 <mask> became spokesman for the Non-Aligned Movement summit in Belgrade. In July 1990, <mask> reportedly received a personal offer from Franjo Tuđman, the president of SR Croatia, to transfer to Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT). At the hour-long meeting Tuđman wanted Milić to run HRT's news division, a network that was undergoing major organizational and conceptual changes including a name change from Radiotelevizija Zagreb (RTZ), but <mask> turned down the offer. Yutel
In October 1990 <mask> became host and editor-in-chief of the newly established Yutel, Sarajevo-based daily newscast founded and financed by the Federal Executive Council (SIV) under the presidency of Ante Marković.<mask> hosted the very first Yutel newscast on Tuesday, 23 October 1990 at 10pm, opening with "Good evening, Yugoslavia", which would soon become something of a signature for him. Alongside <mask>, other journalists producing the hour-long Yutel daily newscasts were Gordana Suša, Dževad Sabljaković, Velibor Čović, and Zekerijah Smajić. In July 1991, along with other Yutel personalities, <mask> emceed the Yutel for Peace concert. Working for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina government at the start of Bosnian War
After the May 1992 dissolution of Yutel that took place a few weeks following the start of the Bosnian War, <mask> remained in Sarajevo, getting employed by the government of Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of the warring sides in the conflict. In addition to filing news reports for the government-run television BHTV, he also ran the international press center under the government auspices. During that time, <mask> hosted New York Times journalist John Fisher Burns, whose reporting about the Siege of Sarajevo earned him a Pulitzer Prize. During that time, <mask> faced serious difficulties, as Republika Srpska's Minister of Justice Momčilo Mandić proclaimed <mask> as a war criminal because of his "Goebbels-esque propaganda against Serbian people".In July 1992, he was the head of the Bosnia and Herzegovina delegation at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The engagement provided him with an opportunity of getting out of war-ravaged Sarajevo and once the Olympics ended, he left for Zagreb, returning to the besieged city once again in 1994 for three months. 1992–1997
Arriving to the newly independent Croatia, despite a wealth of experience and a famous name in journalism, <mask> was conspicuously absent from the most prominent Croatian media outlets during this time and in later interviews admitted to being essentially blacklisted in the country's top outlets due to his previous association with Yutel and pro-Yugoslav political views. As a result <mask> worked a series of lower profile jobs such as local TV productions in Umag as well as an 18-month columnist stint in Slovenian newsmagazine Mladina followed by writing for Marinko Božić's controversial right wing weekly newspaper Slobodni tjednik. <mask> later revealed that during this time he turned down an offer from Soros Foundation due to "being well aware of what they're all about". In early 1993 <mask> wrote an accusatory open letter directed at Serbian journalists, his former colleagues, and Serbian society as a whole. In the letter <mask> talked of his "illusions about the Belgrade democrats all of whom had the Greater Serbia idea in their heads" and dismissed the country's movement opposing Slobodan Milošević as "nothing but cackling and lighting candles".Serbian media largely ignored the open letter, except for newsmagazine Vreme that published it in full along with a rebuke by their journalist Stojan Cerović who took issue with a number of views <mask> expressed in the letter. In 1996 <mask> was involved in consulting capacity in the OHR's and EU's creation of Televizija OBN in Bosnia and Herzegovina. <mask>'s unofficial ban in Croatia reportedly began to thaw in late 1996 when he got invited to a state-organized Christmas dinner, along with some other prominent individuals in Croatia known or perceived to hold unpopular political views such as Igor Mandić, where the Croatian president Franjo Tuđman made a point of being seen and photographed with <mask>. Within months, <mask> got hired at Croatian Radio Television (HRT), the state-run broadcaster. Croatian Radiotelevision
In 1997 <mask> started at Croatian Radio Television (HRT) as a contractor. In 2002 he got his own show on HRT called Brisani prostor. From 2004 he worked as host and editor of the Sunday edition of Dnevnik, HRT's daily newscast.He has attracted attention for his travelogues from Europe, Russia, North America, Asia, Australia and South America. He is a speaker of multiple languages including English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese and Russian. He was named Best Journalist in Croatia in 2007. He retired from HRT in early 2011, signing off his last Dnevnik on 23 January 2011. 2011–present
Between 2020 and 2021, <mask> was diagnosed with COVID-19, for which he was successfully treated in Dubrovnik. During 2020, Milić created 20 reportages for HRT's travel show, Destination Croatia. Controversy

Alleged extortion attempt
In September 2003, <mask> was accused by Formula One Management CEO Bernie Ecclestone of an extortion attempt: "That man, <mask> <mask>, rang me up several times over the last few months.He told me he wants to help me because things can go very badly for me, badly for me in Croatia, bad for my image. He didn't mention specific amounts, but it was obvious he's talking about money and absolutely obvious that it's extortion". In support of his claims Ecclestone showed two letters he received from <mask>, dated March and June 2003, respectively. Reportedly, the financial compensation Milić was asking from Eccelstone had to do with HRT journalist Srebrenka Herold-Mijatović who on 20 July 2000 fell down a flight of stairs on Eccelstone's yacht named "Petara", getting severely injured with a skull fracture. The yacht was docked in Bol on the island of Brač and Herold-Mijatović had reportedly been invited on board due to her husband Vlado Mijatović being friends with Ecclestone's then-wife Slavica Radić. Ecclestone continued: "I told Milić if someone wants to sue us they're free to do so. He insisted that would be bad for my image, and that he doesn't want to destroy it.He said that Herold-Mijatović is unable to work and that someone should compensate her". Personal life
In 1977 <mask> married Olivera Katanić, a fellow journalist and Radio-Television Belgrade (RTB) colleague. In 1980 when <mask> became RTB's foreign correspondent from New York, the couple, along with Olivera's son Igor from her previous marriage, moved to the United States. In 1984 their daughter Lana Marija Milić was born. Katanić, already diagnosed with cancer since 1978, died in 1988. In 1990, at a speaking engagement in Sarajevo, 42-year-old widower <mask> met Ana, a Radio Sarajevo contract employee. The two soon began dating, initially long distance as <mask> lived in Belgrade where he anchored RTB's Dnevnik.In late 1990, after <mask>'s new job at Yutel brought him to Sarajevo, the couple started living together, along with <mask>'s 6-year-old daughter Lana Marija whom he brought over from Belgrade. As the Bosnian War broke out during spring 1992, Ana right away fled to Zagreb with <mask>'s daughter Lana Marija, while <mask>, who initially remained behind in Sarajevo where he began working for Alija Izetbegović's Bosnian government, joined them in Croatia within a few months. Later in 1992, <mask> married Ana, and in 1993 they had a son Marko. <mask> was a close friend of Željko Malnar, who was married to <mask>'s cousin, Karmen. On 2 June 2015, <mask> received a citizenship of Bosnia and Herzegovina. References

Croatian television journalists
Yugoslav journalists
University of Belgrade faculty
1946 births
Living people
Journalists from Zagreb
Television people from Zagreb

masks:
Goran Milić
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Marko Milić
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title: Nichi Vendola

texts:
Nicola "<mask>" <mask> (; born 26 August 1958) is an Italian left-wing politician and LGBT activist who was a Member of the Chamber of Deputies from Apulia from 1992 to 2005 and President of Apulia from 2005 to 2015. He is one of the first openly LGBT Italian politicians and the first openly LGBT heads of a regional government in Italy. Early life
Born in Terlizzi, in the province of Bari, on 26 August 1958, Vendola was a member of the Italian Communist Youth Federation from the age of fourteen. He went on to study literature at his university, presenting a dissertation on the poet and film director Pier Paolo Pasolini. <mask> became a journalist for l'Unità. He came out as gay in 1978, and became an activist and a leading member of the Italian gay organisation Arcigay. A member of the National Secretariat of the Italian Communist Party, he fiercely opposed the dissolution of the party proposed by Achille Occhetto in 1991.This led to the formation of the Democratic Party of the Left. <mask> instead joined the Communist Refoundation Party. Political career

Member of Parliament

In 1992, <mask> was elected to the Chamber of Deputies, to a seat which he held until 2005. As a member of the Antimafia Commission, he came to prominence as a strong opponent of the Mafia and organised crime. In 2005, <mask> ran for the first primary election ever held in Italy, held by the centre-left coalition The Union to choose their candidate for the presidency of the Apulia region. He won the primary over the rival Francesco Boccia. Many moderates in the alliance criticised the choice, since it appeared impossible that a communist homosexual could be elected president of a southern Italian region such as Apulia, generally considered to be conservative and strongly Catholic.<mask> identifies as a "believer" (in the line of Pax Christi): he once said that "the most important book for a communist like me is the Bible". President of Apulia
In the regional election in Apulia, held in April 2005, he narrowly defeated the incumbent president Raffaele Fitto, candidate for the centre-right coalition the House of Freedoms. He was the first member of the Communist Refoundation Party to be elected as president of any Italian region. In the July 2008 party congress, <mask> was one of the two major candidates running for the place of Chairman of the Communist Refoundation party; he lost to an alliance led by the other major candidate, Paolo Ferrero, formerly Minister for Social Solidarity in the Prodi II Cabinet. Following the defeat, <mask> split from Communist Refoundation and founded the Movement for the Left. In December 2009, <mask> became the first leader of the newly founded party Left Ecology Freedom, which the Movement for the Left had merged into.In late 2009, his candidacy for re-election was questioned by his centre-left allies from the Democratic Party. They asked him to step down to allow the choice of a candidate able to achieve wider support from other political parties, namely the Christian-democratic Union of the Centre. After <mask> refused to step down, chances of having a new primary election quickly increased. After some weeks of heated debate, elections were called for 24 January 2010. Supported by the Democratic Party, Francesco Boccia ran as <mask>'s challenger. <mask> easily won the election with more than 67% of the votes, was picked again as leader of the centre-left coalition, and went on to defeat centre-right candidate Rocco Palese by a wide margin. In July 2010, during a general congress of the so-called "Factories of Nichi", <mask> announced his candidacy for the Primary Elections of the Italian centre-left.This voting was expected to foreshadow what might be expected in the 2013 Italian general elections. Nationwide polls showed <mask> winning over either Democratic Party Secretary Pier Luigi Bersani or Silvio Berlusconi, then Prime Minister of Italy. But came third in the primaries held on 25 November 2012 Vendola ranked third among the 5 candidates with 485,689 votes totaling 15.6%, failing to access the ballot. In the general election of 2013 <mask> was the candidate of Apulia for the Chamber of deputies, being elected for the 5th time. On 6 March 2013, however, he announced that he would remain in charge of the Puglia Region, thus renouncing the seat in the Chamber. On 10 April 2013 he formalized his resignation as a deputy. Unable to apply for a third time as president of the region, in 2015 <mask> supported the former mayor of Bari Michele Emiliano who would went on to win the election with 47% of the votes.On 17 December 2016, Left Ecology Freedom (SEL) was dissolved and merged with the Italian Left, on 19 February 2017. In May 2021, <mask> was sentenced to 3.5 years in prison, due to involvement in the Ilva scandal. Homophobic insults
During his political career he received insults related to his homosexuality. In 2012 he was insulted by a minister of Ferrara of the Democratic Party, Luigi Marattin. In October 2013 Alessandro Morelli, leader of the Lega Nord at the comune of Milan, published an image of <mask> on Facebook with the words "Gay and pedophile". The next day Morelli apologized. Personal life
<mask> has lived with his partner Edward "Ed" Testa since 2004.In 2016, the couple used surrogacy in California to have a baby, Tobia Antonio. <mask> is also a poet: some of his poems have been collected in a book, named L'ultimo mare ("The last sea"). His figure has inspired a biographical film, Nichi. <mask> is a devout Roman Catholic, although he opposes many of the church's social positions. On 17 October 2018, <mask> had a heart attack, but he is in no danger after being fitted with a stent at Rome's Gemelli Hospital. See also
List of the first LGBT holders of political offices
List of LGBT heads of government

References

Further reading

External links
 La fabbrica di nichi

Could Puglia governor <mask> <mask> be 'Italy's Obama'?, BBC News profile of Vendola, December 2010

1958 births
Living people
Presidents of Apulia
Italian journalists
Italian male journalists
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
Left Ecology Freedom politicians
Italian politicians convicted of crimes
21st-century Italian politicians
Antimafia
Christian communists
Communist Refoundation Party politicians
Italian Communist Party politicians
20th-century Italian politicians
Gay politicians
Gay writers
LGBT politicians from Italy
LGBT presidents of regions of Italy
LGBT rights activists from Italy
People from Bari
Italian poets
Italian male poets
Italian Christian socialists
Catholic socialists
LGBT legislators
Italian Left politicians
Italian Roman Catholics
LGBT Roman Catholics

masks: Nichi Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendolaendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Vendola Nichi Vendola


title: Richard Janko

texts:
<mask> (born May 30, 1955) is an Anglo-American classical scholar and the Gerald F. Else Distinguished University Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan. Family and education
<mask> was born on May 30, 1955, the descendant of an Austro-Hungarian revolutionary who left Vienna in 1848 to find refuge in London. Janko was educated at Bedford Modern School  and won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge. With the encouragement of his parents, an electrician and a shopkeeper, he learned Greek from Andrew M. Wilson, who translated Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. As a student he took part in the British excavations at Agios Stephanos in Laconia, directed by Lord William Taylour, and wrote a doctoral dissertation under John Chadwick. He was elected a Research Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Scholarship
Janko's scholarship has focused primarily upon Bronze Age Greece, archaic Greek epic, especially the Iliad of Homer, ancient literary criticism, especially the Poetics of Aristotle, early Greek religion and philosophy (especially Empedocles, Orphism, and the Derveni papyrus), and the reconstruction of ancient books on papyrus-rolls.His study of epic diction, Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns, established by a statistical study of language the relative chronology of the corpus of early Greek epic poetry. <mask> published a controversial book Aristotle on Comedy, arguing that a summary of the lost second book of Aristotle's Poetics on comedy and humour survives in a tenth-century manuscript in Paris, the Tractatus coislinianus. This was shortly followed by an annotated translation of Aristotle's Poetics itself. He wrote the volume on Homer's Iliad 13-16 in the set of commentaries on Homer's Iliad edited by Geoffrey Kirk; in this he argues that Homer was a consummate artist of oral poetry. <mask> was awarded a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship in 1986. In 1993 he delivered the Martin Classical Lectures on ancient literary criticism at Oberlin College.<ref>[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rjanko/jankocv.html <mask>, Curriculum Vitae]; History of the Martin Classical Lectures at Oberlin College.</ref> His edition and translation of Philodemus' On Poems Book 1, reconstructed from a series of Herculaneum papyri, was awarded the Goodwin Award of Merit by the American Philological Association in 2001. In 2008 he brought out the site-report of the excavations at the Bronze Age and Medieval settlement of Ayios Stephanos in Laconia; these excavations do much to clarify relations between Minoan Crete and the Mycenaean mainland.In 2011 he published Philodemus' On Poems Books 3 and 4, which contains fragments of Aristotle's lost dialog On Poets. University positions
<mask> is currently the Gerald F. Else Distinguished University Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Michigan. He has previously held positions at St. Andrews University, Columbia University, UCLA and University College London, where he was Professor of Greek. He has held Visiting Professorships at the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa and at the American School of Classical Studies in Athens. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2006, and to the American Philosophical Society in 2009. Publications

Monographs, commentaries and critical editions
 Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns: diachronic development in epic diction (Cambridge, 1982)
 Aristotle on Comedy: towards a reconstruction of Poetics II (London, 1984)
 Aristotle: Poetics, with the Tractatus Coislinianus, reconstruction of Poetics II, and the fragments of the On Poets (Indianapolis, 1987)
 (G.S. Kirk, series editor) The Iliad.A Commentary. 4: Books 13–16 (Cambridge, 1994)
 Philodemus: the Aesthetic Works. Vol. I/1: On Poems Book 1 (Oxford, 2001)
 (with W.D. Taylour) "Ayios Stephanos: a Bronze Age and Medieval Settlement in Southern Laconia" (Supplement 44 to the Annual of the British School at Athens, London, 2008)
 Philodemus: the Aesthetic Works. Vol. I/3: Philodemus, On Poems Books 3–4, with the Fragments of Aristotle, On Poets (Oxford, 2011)

Articles (selected)
 "The structure of the Homeric Hymns: a study in genre", Hermes 109 (1981) 9–24."Equivalent formulae in the Greek epos", Mnemosyne 34 (1981) 251–64. "ΑΘΑΝΑΤΟΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΓΗΡΩΣ: the genealogy of a formula", Mnemosyne 34 (1981) 382–5. "A fragment of Aristotle's Poetics from Porphyry, concerning synonymy", Classical Quarterly 32 (1982) 323–6. "P. Oxy. 2509: Hesiod's Catalogue on Actaeon", Phoenix 39 (1985) 299–307. "The Shield of Heracles and the legend of Cycnus", Classical Quarterly 36 (1986) 38–59. "Polydeukes and Deukalion", Glotta 65 (1987) 69–72."Linear A and the direction of the earliest Cypro-Minoan writing", in "Studies presented to John Chadwick", Salamanca 1987, 311–18. "Dictation and redaction: the Iliad and its editors", Classical Antiquity 9 (1990) 326–34. "Philodemus' On Poems and Aristotle's On Poets, Cronache Ercolanesi 21 (1991) 5–64. "The Homeric poems as oral dictated texts", Classical Quarterly 48 (1998) 1–13. "The Derveni Papyrus (Diagoras of Melos, Apopyrgizontes Logoi? ): a New Translation", Classical Philology 94 (2001) 1–32 . "The Derveni Papyrus: an Interim Text", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 141 (2002) 1–62."The Trojan War", "Times Literary Supplement", 15 April 2005, 6–7. "Sappho Revisited', "Times Literary Supplement", 23 December 2005, 19–20. "Empedocles' On Nature I 233-364: a New Reconstruction of P. Strasb. Inv. 1665-6", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 150 (2005) 1–26. "Reconstructing (again) the Opening of the Derveni Papyrus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 166 (2008) 37–51. "πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον αἰὲν ἀείδειν: relative chronology and the literary history of the Greek epos," in "Relative Chronology and the Literary History of the Early Greek Epos",  Ø. Andersen and D. Haug (edd.), Cambridge 2011, 20–43. "The Hexametric Incantations against Witchcraft in the Getty Museum: from Archetype to Exemplar," in "The Getty Hexameters: Poetry, Magic, and Mystery in Ancient Greek Selinous", C. A. Faraone and D. Obbink (edd. ), Oxford 2013, 31–56. "The Brothers Poem by Sappho", "Times Literary Supplement" 28 March 2014, 22. “Parmenides in the Derveni Papyrus: New Images for a New Edition.”, Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik 200 (2016): 3–23. References

External links
"The Derveni Papyrus - A conversation with <mask>", Lecture, American School of Classical Studies, 2013
, "Inventing the Alphabet: Advanced Communication in the Ancient World", Lecture, University of Michigan, 2013
, lecture on the Herculaneum Papyri at the American Philosophical Society, 2011

American classical scholars
English classical scholars
People educated at Bedford Modern School
Academics of University College London
Living people
1955 births
Classical scholars of the University of St Andrews
Classical scholars of the University of Michigan
Classical scholars of Columbia University
Classical scholars of the University of London
Scholars of ancient Greek literature
University of Michigan faculty
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

masks:
Richard Charles Murray Janko
Janko
Janko
Janko
Richard Janko
Janko
Richard Jankocrates


title: Brede Hangeland

texts:
<mask> (born 20 June 1981) is a Norwegian former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He began his career with Viking, where he won the Norwegian Cup in 2001. In 2006, he moved to Copenhagen, and went on to win two Danish Superliga titles at the club. From 2008 to 2014 he played for Fulham, helping the team to the 2010 UEFA Europa League Final, but was released in 2014 after the club's relegation, subsequently joining Crystal Palace. Hangeland played for the Norway national team between 2002 and 2014. He was the team captain from 2008 until his resignation, and in total he played 91 matches and scored 4 goals. Club career

Viking
The son of a Norwegian oil company worker, Hangeland was born in Houston, Texas during his parents' two-year spell in the United States, but grew up in Stavanger.Since moving back to Stavanger, Hangeland said on America, quoting: "We were there for a short period in 1980/81, which is when I was born and then we went back home, so obviously I don't remember too much about my time there!" Hangeland arrived at Viking from local club FK Vidar at the start of the 2001 season. He helped win the Norwegian cup in his debut season, playing as a central defensive midfielder in the 3–0 victory over rivals Bryne FK in the final. In 2005, he was made captain of Viking. When he left Viking he had played a total of 187 games for the club. Copenhagen
On 16 January 2006, Hangeland signed a contract with the Danish club F.C. Copenhagen.The tall defender made an impact right from the start together with Danish captain Michael Gravgaard and the two defenders were feared. Because of their height and dominance when it came to headers, they were known as the Copenhagen Air Force. With several great performances in the 2006–07 UEFA Champions League group stage Brede Hangeland was linked with numerous big clubs around Europe. During his time at Copenhagen, Hangeland won the Danish Superliga twice and the Royal League once. He played in 63 league games, scoring three times and total played over 100 games in the different tournaments. Fulham

During the summer of 2007 newspapers linked him with Premier League clubs Newcastle United, Liverpool, Aston Villa and Manchester City. Hangeland refuted the rumours and said he was glad to play for Copenhagen, but finally on 18 January 2008 after days of speculation, it was officially confirmed that he had signed for Fulham, where he was reunited with his former manager from Viking, Roy Hodgson, and former Viking FK striker Erik Nevland.On 29 January 2008, he made his Fulham debut when Fulham played Bolton Wanderers at Reebok Stadium. He was voted Man of the Match by Sky Sports after the game. The club survived relegation in the 2007–08 season with Brede forming a formidable partnership with Aaron Hughes at the heart of Fulham's defence. Hangeland was appointed captain of the Norway national team on 12 August 2008, and on 23 August he scored his first goal for Fulham against Arsenal, with Fulham winning the game 1–0. During the summer of 2009, media reports linked him to Arsenal, but Hangeland indicated that he was happy to remain at Fulham. On 22 October, he scored his second goal for Fulham in the Europe League match against A.S. Roma. On 27 November 2009, Hangeland was rewarded with a new deal with Fulham to last until the summer of 2013.He played in the UEFA Cup Final on 12 May 2010, which Fulham lost 2–1 after extra time to Atlético Madrid in Hamburg. Hangeland scored two goals in an away win at Birmingham City on 15 May 2011. This took his tally up to six Premier League goals on the season which made him the highest scoring centre back in the league, and the second highest goalscorer for Fulham behind Clint Dempsey. Hangeland signed a two-year contract extension with the option of a further year on 28 March 2013, which would have kept him at the club until the summer of 2015. However, on 3 June 2014, Hangeland was released by Fulham. Through his advisor, Hangeland released a statement saying that he had been dismissed by e-mail, without having talked to anyone in the club about the future or his contract. This was countered by the club who noted "personal protocol was followed and that Brede Hangeland was notified in the right way".Months later, when Felix Magath was sacked as Fulham manager, Hangeland claimed after his sacking that in the previous season Magath ignored doctors and instructed him to place a block of cheese on his thigh in order to make him fit for the next match. Magath stated that Hangeland did not have a thigh injury but an inflammation of the knee, and that he suggested the additional use of an alternative treatment with a bandage (dressing) consisting of Quark. Fulham player Sascha Riether later that the story was greatly exaggerated and that Magath had suggested he use a traditional topfen curd. Crystal Palace
On 1 August 2014, Hangeland joined Crystal Palace on a free transfer, signing a one-year deal. On the 16th, he made his competitive debut for the club, on the opening day of the Premier League season away to Arsenal. Hangeland opened the scoring by heading in Jason Puncheon's corner, but Palace eventually lost 2–1. He scored twice in 17 appearances as Palace finished the season in 10th place under Alan Pardew.On 10 June 2015, it was announced that Hangeland had been released by Crystal Palace but he signed a new one-year extension on 15 June, keeping him at the club for another season. However, at the end of the 2015–16 season Hangeland was again released by Crystal Palace. On 5 August 2016, Hangeland appeared on Sky Sports News HQ to announce his retirement from all football. International career

Born in Houston in the United States, Hangeland was eligible to represent the US national team and the Norway national team. After playing 12 matches on the Norway under-21 national team, Hangeland made his debut for the senior national team as a defensive midfielder in a 1–0 win against Austria on 20 November 2002. After the UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying, national team coach Åge Hareide named him as captain instead of Vålerenga's player-coach Martin Andresen. Hangeland's first goal came in his 62nd match; a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Iceland.He was capped 91 times, 48 of them as captain, and scored four goals for the Norway national team. Personal life
When Hangeland married Celin Trana in 2009, rather than giving presents guests were asked to contribute to a Save the Children project to build a school in Cambodia. Around £45,000 was raised. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Norway's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hangeland goal. Honours
Viking
Norwegian Cup: 2001

FC Copenhagen
Danish Superliga: 2005–06, 2006–07
Royal League: 2005–06

Fulham
UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2009–10

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Soccer players from Houston
Sportspeople from Stavanger
Norwegian footballers
Norway under-21 international footballers
Norway international footballers
American people of Norwegian descent
Association football defenders
Norwegian expatriate footballers
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in England
Viking FK players
F.C. Copenhagen players
Fulham F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C.players
Eliteserien players
Danish Superliga players
Premier League players


title: Greg Johnson (game designer)

texts:
<mask> (born 1960) is an American video game designer who has worked for Binary Systems and Electronic Arts, was co-founder with Mark Voorsanger of ToeJam & Earl Productions Inc., and in 2006 founded his own company, HumaNature Studios. His design credits include Starflight (1986), Game of the Year Starflight 2: Trade Routes of the Cloud Nebula (1989),  the multi-award-winning Orly's Draw-A-Story (1997), Kung Fu Panda World (2010), Doki-Doki Universe (2013), and mostly known for the iconic ToeJam & Earl series (1991–present). <mask> was born in Passaic, New Jersey to an African-American father and a Jewish mother of Russian ancestry. He is one of five children, three of whom are step-siblings. His mother was an administrator for a special education school, and his father was a philosophy and music professor. When <mask> was three, his parents separated and his mother moved the family to Los Angeles, where, when <mask> was 12, his mother married a child psychologist who became <mask>'s stepfather. <mask> attended Alexander Hamilton High School, and then Colorado College, where he learned his first programming language, Fortran.There, he designed a simple sword fight simulator (which he later called "boring as hell"). After Colorado College, he went on to the University of California, San Diego, studying biolinguistics. It was while at university that he first played the influential dungeon crawler video game Rogue, which influenced many of his later works. Electronic Arts
<mask> made ends meet by providing graphics for software such as Deluxe Paint, and was also hired by Binary Systems, though with minimal pay. He was living off money loaned to him by a friend, to whom he promised a cut of royalties from his first game. The game's development was never assured and it was almost cancelled several times, but eventually, with the help of Electronic Arts producer Joe Ybarra, the game Starflight was released in 1986 to positive reviews, and sales which continued to climb for the next year (and <mask>'s friend got quadruple his money back). <mask> then continued to work for Electronic Arts, at the time a small company with about 30 employees, contributing graphics to titles such as Adventure Construction Set and F/A 18 Interceptor.In 1988, following a suggestion by EA's Bing Gordon, <mask> designed the quirky four-player game Caveman Ughlympics. In 1989, <mask> was introduced to programmer Mark Voorsanger, and they began working on two games, Starflight 2, and an even quirkier title than Caveman, ToeJam & Earl. Starflight 2 was published by Electronic Arts, and won the "Game of the Year" award from Computer Gaming World magazine. ToeJam & Earl Productions

Following the success of the Starflight games, <mask> and Voorsanger formed a new company, Johnson Voorsanger Productions (JVP), to focus on ToeJam & Earl, which they pitched as a 2-player game to Sega of America. ToeJam borrowed the randomization ideas of Rogue and followed the adventures of two aliens who crashlanded on a zany planet, where they were chased by quirky adversaries such as a "nerd herd" and "killer ice cream truck". The game was published in 1991 to positive reviews, but sales were sluggish and the game was branded a flop. It turned into a sleeper hit though, sales continued to climb, and it developed a cult following.It eventually became known as one of the classics of the Sega line, and as of 2015, was routinely voted as the Sega title that fans would most like to see return. JVP's next game was a sequel to ToeJam, also published through Sega. The first design was scrapped by Sega because of concerns on how to market the game, so ToeJam & Earl in Panic on Funkotron was eventually released in 1993, as a 2D side-scroller. It received positive reviews, but there was a backlash from fans who did not like the new side-scrolling format. Johnson & Voorsanger then renamed their company as "ToeJam & Earl Productions", and worked on other projects, such as an educational game for Broderbund Software. In 1998, <mask> became Creative Director for the software company ePlanet, Inc., and also for Ububu, a San Francisco-based startup. None of their products were ever released, though some got fairly far along in the design process, such as ePlanet's Freeblenux, a game where a virtual alien character could interact with the player through a camera on top of the monitor.In 2002, Johnson & Voorsanger again worked with Sega to release a third version of the ToeJam series, ToeJam & Earl III: Mission to Earth. It went back to the original perspective format, added a third character Latisha, and was published as a 3D game on Xbox, receiving generally favorable reviews, though sales did not meet expectations, and Voorsanger and <mask> then parted ways. Voorsanger went back to Electronic Arts as a producer for a period of time, leaving for Leapfrog as a producer for a while longer, but then left the game industry around 2005 to become a business consultant; staying in the same office as TJ&E Productions, under a new company called "Wayward Consulting". <mask> continued as a solo designer, initially as a consultant for multiple game companies, such as working with Will Wright on The Sims 2, giving advice on how to make the characters more believable, and how to link the different sections of Spore into something coherent. He also wrote a series of white papers for the Leapfrog company, and worked briefly with Jonathan Sari at a startup called Multiversal Entertainment in 2005, trying to design interactive movie-like stories. HumaNature Studios
In 2006, <mask> founded his own studio, HumaNature Studios, and built a team to work on the game What's Your Type for Konami, a project he had been working on since 2004. Intended for the Nintendo DS, the game was fully completed but Konami chose to never publish it, and the rights eventually reverted to <mask>.In the meantime, he continued as an independent designer, such as with a group in Oregon that was researching dinosaur movement, Kalbridge Games, and worked with them to release the game Save the Dinos in 2007. He then re-focused his studio on a game to complement the hit movie Kung Fu Panda, working with DreamWorks Animation to build Kung Fu Panda World, released in 2010. Then, based on the design for the earlier unreleased Konami game, <mask> released two Facebook apps in 2012, Deko-Deko Mail and Deko Deko-Quiz, followed by Doki-Doki Universe in 2013, a first-party title with Sony for the PlayStation console. In February 2015, <mask> announced a new title, ToeJam & Earl: Back in the Groove, which was being developed independently from Sega and instead being funded by Kickstarter. The game revisits the format of the original game, featuring 2D character models on 3D worlds with overhead perspective, and is planned to support online multiplayer. The game sought a funding target of $400,000 USD by March 27, 2015. As of March 25, 2015, they had reached their target and were funded to finish development of Back in the Groove, which was released in 2019.Awards
 Starflight 2, "Game of the Year" award from Computer Gaming World magazine. Orly's Draw-A-Story:
 Innovation Award from Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences
  GamesRadar: ToeJam & Earl 2 in Panic on Funkotron listed at #10 of "Best Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games of all time. Complex magazine: ToeJam & Earl listed at #55 on "The 100 Best Sega Genesis Games"
 Mega listed ToeJam & Earl at #13 on its list of the best games of all time.

masks:
Greg Johnson
History Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia

texts:
Grand Duke <mask> of Russia (;  in St. Petersburg – 14 November 1908 in Paris) was the fifth child and the fourth son of Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse). Chosen for a naval career, <mask>ich started his military training at the age of seven. By the age of 20 he had been appointed lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy and had visited all Russia's European military ports. In 1871, he was sent as a goodwill ambassador to the United States and Japan. In 1883 he was appointed general-admiral. He had a significant contribution in the equipment of the Russian navy with new ships and in modernizing the naval ports. However, after the Russian defeat in the Battle of Tsushima in 1905, and viewed as an incompetent and corrupt dilettante, he was relieved of his command.He died in Paris in 1908. Early life

The Grand Duke <mask> Romanov of Russia was born in Saint Petersburg on 14 January 1850 (4 January O.S.). He was the son of emperor Alexander II and empress Maria Alexandrovna. He was a younger brother of Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna, Tsarevich Nikolay <mask>, Alexander III of Russia, Grand Duke Vladmir Alexandrovich. He was an older brother of Duchess Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich and Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich. <mask> was chosen for a naval career since his childhood. At the age of 7 he received the rank of midshipman.The next year Konstantin Nikolayevich Posyet was appointed as his tutor. While the winters were dedicated to theoretical studies, during the summers he trained on Russian warships of the Baltic fleet stationed in Saint Petersburg harbour. Training exposed him to various sailing ships:
 in 1860 the yacht Shtandart on a cruise from Petergof to Livada
 in 1861–1863 the yacht Zabava under the flag of Counter-Admiral Posyet in the Gulf of Finland and Gulf of Bothnia,
 in 1864 the frigate Svetlana in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea
 in 1866 the frigate Oslyabya during an extensive training cruise to the Azore Islands. On 18 September 1866 <mask> was promoted to lieutenant. He continued his navy career serving as officer aboard the frigate Alexander Nevsky on a cruise in across the Mediterranean to Piraeus, where he attended the wedding of his cousin Olga Konstantinovna. In 1868 he went on a trip to southern Russia traveling by train from Saint Petersburg to Nikolayevsk, continuing by ship down the Volga to Astrakhan. He then boarded a military ship for a cruise on the Caspian Sea to Baku, [Petrovsk (now Makhachkala) and then to Iran.He then crossed the Caucasus and reached Poti where the Alexander Nevsky was moored. From there he sailed to Constantinople, Athens and the Azore Islands On the return voyage, the frigate was wrecked off the coast of Jutland during a storm on the North Sea. Though the ship was lost, all but five crew member were unhurt and safely reached shore. In January 1870 <mask>ich reached the age of majority according to Russian legislation. The event was marked by taking two oaths : the military one and the oath of allegiance of the Grand Dukes of the Russian Imperial House. In June 1870 <mask> started the last part of his training. This included inland navigation on a cutter with a steam engine, on the route from Saint Petersburg to Arkhangelsk through the Mariinsk Canal system and the Northern Dvina River.After visiting the schools and industrial facilities of Arkhangelsk, he started his navigation training in arctic conditions, aboard the corvette Varyag. This cruise took him to the Solovetsky Islands, continuing through the White Sea and Barents Sea to Novaya Zemlya. The route continued to Kola Bay and the city of Murmansk, the ports of northern Norway and Iceland. He returned to Cronstadt at the end of September. Love affair with Alexandra Zhukovskaya

In 1869/1870, <mask> had an affair with Alexandra Zhukovskaya, daughter of poet Vasily Andreyevich Zhukovsky, who was eight years older than he was. They had a son, <mask>, born on 26 November 1871. Tsar Alexander II was strongly opposed to this relationship.Some historians claim that they were morganatically married and that the marriage was annulled by the Russian Orthodox Church, because, according to the "Fundamental Laws of the Imperial House", this marriage was illegal. However, articles 183 and 188, which prohibited marriages without the consent of the emperor, were included in the Fundamental Laws only by the 1887 revision under Tsar Alexander III. The rules valid in 1870 did not prohibit morganatic marriages, but simply excluded their offspring from the succession to the throne. There is no evidence either to the marriage or to the divorce. There is also no evidence that <mask> even requested the permission to marry. As Alexandra Zhukovskaya was not an aristocrat and, besides, the daughter of an illegitimate son of a Russian landowner and a Turkish slave, such a marriage would have been unthinkable. Upset by his son's affair, Alexander II even refused to grant Alexandra Zhukovskaya a title, which would have officially recognized the Grand Duke's paternity, even if illegitimate.Other European courts also refused to grant her a title. As a solution of last resort, on 25 March 1875 Alexandra was able to secure the title of Baroness Seggiano from the Republic of San Marino, with the right to transmit the title to her son and his firstborn male descendants. It was only in 1883, that Alexander III, <mask>'s elder brother, granted the Baron Seggiano the title of Count Belevsky, and in 1893 approved his coat of arms. Overseas tours

United States

Voyage
After the official visit to Saint Petersburg of an American squadron under the command of Admiral David Farragut in 1867, a high level visit of the Russian Navy was envisaged by the Russian Government. After lengthy negotiations, it was decided that the Russian delegation would be headed by the Grand Duke. The official announcement of the visit was made on 29 June 1871 by Nikolay Karlovich Krabbe, Minister of the Imperial Russian Navy. The Russian squadron, under the command of Admiral Konstantin Nikolayevich Posyet on board the frigate Bogatyr, included the frigates Svetlana and General-Admiral, the corvette Ignatiev and the gunboat Abrek.<mask> was serving as lieutenant aboard the Svetlana. Before reaching the United States, the Russian squadron was to be met by the frigate Vsadnik of the Russian Pacific Fleet. Though all ships were equipped with steam-engines, the squadron made the passage to America mainly under sail, so as to avoid making port on the route for coal supplies. In addition to <mask>'s personal staff, the crew included 200 officers and over 3000 sailors. The squadron set sail out of Kronstadt on 20 August 1871. The squadron first stopped in Copenhagen, where he paid a visit to King Christian IX of Denmark. In the English Channel the Russians were met by a squadron of the Royal Navy and escorted to Plymouth, where <mask> was met by the <mask> of Edinburgh Alfred of Saxe-Coburg.A visit to Balmoral Castle had been scheduled, but had to be canceled because the Prince of Wales was very sick and Queen Victoria extremely concerned. The Russian squadron set sail from Plymouth on 26 September. and, en route to New York, stopped for a few days in Funchal, (Madeira Islands), leaving on 9 October. The Russian squadron was met by an American squadron under the command of  Vice-Admiral Stephen Clegg Rowan, Port Admiral of New York, hoisting his flag on the frigate . Admiral Samuel Phillips Lee, commander of the North Atlantic Squadron attended on his own flagship, the USS Severn. The other ships of the squadron were the  and  the ,  attended by several tugs. A welcoming committee had been formed in New York, chaired by William Henry Aspinwall.Among the members of the committee were Moses H. Grinnell, General Irwin McDowell, Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. Rear-Admiral S. W. Godon, John Taylor Johnston, Albert Bierstadt, Lloyd Aspinwall and others. After a short delay due to the weather, the Russian squadron anchored in New York Harbor on 21 November 1871, where the <mask> was greeted by general John Adams Dix. A military parade took place in the city. <mask> then attended a thanksgiving service at the Russian chapel. Reception by President Grant

On 22 November 1871, <mask> left for Washington, D.C. by special train, placed at his disposal by the New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Company. The train had three cars: the "Commissariat" having all the modern improvements of a hotel, comprising store-rooms and pantry, the "Ruby", dining room car to accommodate 28 persons, with kitchen, ice boxes, and a sort of wine cellar, and the “Kearsarge,” used as sitting, sleeping and reading room. On 23 November, he was received by president Ulysses S. Grant.The president's wife, Julia Grant, and his daughter, Nellie Grant, also attended. Most of the members of the cabinet were present at the meeting: Hamilton Fish (United States Secretary of State), Columbus Delano (United States Secretary of the Interior) with his wife, Amos Tappan Akerman (United States Attorney General) with his wife, George S. Boutwell (United States Secretary of the Treasury), George Maxwell Robeson (United States Secretary of the Navy), General Frederick Tracy Dent (the president's brother-in-law and military secretary), John Creswell (Postmaster General of the United States), as well as generals Horace Porter and Orville E. Babcock . The visit to Washington was overshadowed by President Grant's discontent caused by the Russian government's refusal to recall Konstantin Katacazi, minister plenipotentiary of Russia to the United States. The entire visit in Washington lasted only one day. No formal entertainment was given in Washington to the Grand Duke, though for all other visits of members of royal families to the White House, formal dinners had been organized. Such dinners had taken place when President John Tyler received François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville, when Abraham Lincoln received Prince Napoleon Joseph Bonaparte and even when Ulysses Grant received Kamehameha V, king of the Sandwich Islands. The evening of the visit to the White House, <mask> and his suite dined at the minister Katakazi's residence, the only American official attending being general Porter.At his departure <mask> was asked if he intended to return to Washington. Though he expressed his interest to return during a session of Congress, the uneasy diplomatic relations due to Minister Katakazi prevented this from happening. There had also been expectations that a military alliance treaty between the United States and Russia would be signed during the meeting; however this was not the case. The next day, <mask> left by train for Annapolis where he visited the Naval Academy, thereafter returning to New York. East Coast
In New York, he visited the Brooklyn Navy Yard, Fort Wadsworth and the fortifications on Governors Island. He also reviewed the Fire Department at Tompkins Square. A highlight was the trip by steamer on the Hudson for the visit of the United States Military Academy, West Point.Several balls were organized in his honor, the most important being the grand balls at the Navy Yard and  at the Academy of Music. <mask>  attended opera performances of Faust and Mignon at the Academy of Music. He also went on a shopping spree, stopping at the A.T. Stewart and Tiffany stores where he bought some jewellery and bronze statues. On 2 December 1871, a ceremony took place at the National Academy of Design, where the Grand Duke was received by Samuel F. B. Morse, William Stoddard, William Page, Albert Bierstadt and several other artists. The painting Farragut in the shrouds of the Hartfort at the battle of Mobile Bay by William Page was handed over as a gift of the citizens of New York for Tsar Alexander II. General John Adams Dix presented the picture and the accompanying scroll, with a brief address in which he expressed the hope that it would further cement the union that existed between the United States and Russia. The painting was placed on board the Russian flagship for transportation to Russia.On 3 December 1871, <mask> left for Philadelphia where he was received by general George Meade and Admiral Turner. He visited Girard College, Baird Locomotive Works and the Navy Yard. He was particularly interested in the Methodist Fair at the Horticultural Hall, where the ladies presented him with an Afghan Hound. On 6 December 1871, <mask> visited the Smith & Wesson factory in Springfield, Massachusetts and was presented with a fully engraved, carved pearl grip, cased Smith & Wesson Model 3 revolver. The gun and case cost the factory $400 but it was a worthwhile investment, as the company hoped for additional contracts. The <mask> proudly displayed his revolver as he toured the American Frontier and carried it on a buffalo hunt with the famous "Buffalo Bill" Cody. From 7 to 14 December, he stopped in Boston where he stayed at the Revere House.The landau which President Lincoln rode during his visit to Boston, was used. He was officially welcomed at the City Hall and the State House. During his stay, he visited Harvard University and the suburb of Cambridge, Massachusetts as well as different public schools in the Boston area, being extensively briefed on the American education system. Other highlights were the battlefield of Bunker Hill and the visit to the shipyards of Charlestown, Massachusetts. <mask> also attended a music festival where 1,200 school children composed the great choir. At the festival, a grand march of welcome, specially composed by Julius Eichberg and dedicated to "His Imperial Highness", was presented

A ball in honor of the Grand Duke took place at the Boston Theatre. The audit of the expenses shows that the cost of ball was $14,678.58 (equivalent of  $750,000 today), with $8,916.29 being covered by the sale of the tickets and other receipts

Detour to Canada
On 17 December, <mask> left by

masks:
Alexei Alexandrovich
Alexei Alexandrov
Alexei Alexandrovich
Alexandrovich
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei Alexandrov
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Duke
Grand Duke
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Grand Duke
Alexei
Alexei


texts:
 train to Canada.He first stopped in Montreal, where he had breakfast with the mayor of the city, and then visited Lachine, Quebec. He then passed through Ottawa and Toronto, finally reaching Clifton Hill, Niagara Falls on 22 December 1871 by the Great Western Railway. On his way, the train stopped in Hamilton, Ontario where he received a telegram from Queen Victoria, notifying him that the Prince of Wales had recovered from his illness. From Clifton Hill the party left by sleighs for a visit to the Niagara Falls. After having dressed in oil-skinned suits for fishermen at sea, the party also went under the falls. He then crossed the Niagara River over a new suspension bridge and then visited the United States part of the falls. Midwest
On 23 December 1871, <mask> left by train for Buffalo, New York, where he spent Christmas.On 26 December, he arrived in Cleveland where he visited the iron mills and other factories in Newburgh Heights, Ohio. He then reviewed the Cleveland Fire Department and visited the National Inventors’ Exhibition. He then stopped in Detroit on his way to Chicago, where he arrived on 30 December. The city was recovering from the great fire. Joseph Medill, mayor of Chicago, had written to the Grand Duke:

"We have but little to exhibit but the ruins and débris of a great and beautiful city and an undaunted people struggling with adversity to relieve their overwhelming misfortunes." He visited the destroyed part of the city and was impressed by the rhythm of the reconstruction. He gave US$5,000 (equivalent to $250,000 today) in gold to the homeless people of Chicago.<mask> also visited the stockyards and a pork processing plant. As the Tremont House Hotel had been burnt to the ground, he was accommodated in the New Tremont House which had opened on Michigan Avenue, where he was awarded the "Freedom of the City". On New Year's Day General Philip Sheridan initiated him into the American custom of making "New Year's calls upon the ladies". From 2 to 4 January he visited  Milwaukee and on 5 January he arrived in St. Louis, Missouri, where he stayed for over a week. In St. Louis, <mask> attended the burlesque show Blue Beard in which Lydia Thompson, a 36-year-old actress was singing a tune "If Ever I Cease to Love". It is claimed that he was fascinated both by the actress and the song. Supposedly, she had also sung the number privately for the duke during a rendezvous.Later, while in St. Louis, <mask> became particularly enamored of one of his dance partners, a lady called Sallie Shannon of Lawrence, Kansas. Finally on 12 January he arrived in Omaha, Nebraska

Trip to the hunting grounds
Preparations for the hunt were extensive and had been carried out under the command of General Joel Palmer. Two companies of infantry in wagons, two companies of cavalry, the cavalry's regimental band, outriders, night herders, couriers, cooks had been mobilized for the event. The Grand Duke in the company of General Philip Sheridan, General Edward Ord, and Lt. Colonel (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer, the latter having been selected to be grand marshal of the hunt, arrived at Fort McPherson on 13 January 1872, by a special train provided by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. They were greeted by an enthusiastic crowd, headed by Buffalo Bill. After speeches, party set out for the hunting grounds lead by Buffalo Bill's partner Texas Jack Omohundro.The <mask> and General Sheridan rode in an open carriage, drawn by four horses. Buffalo Bill escorted the party with five ambulances, a light wagon for luggage, three wagons of "champagne and royal spirits" and fifteen to twenty extra saddle horses. The entire trip covered about 50 miles and took approximately eight hours. The camp consisted of two hospital tents (used as dining tent), ten wall tents and tents for servants and soldiers. Three wall tents were floored and the <mask>'s was carpeted with oriental rugs. Box stoves and Sibley stoves were provided for the tents. Cody had discussed the hunt with Spotted Tail, chief of the Brulé Lakota, who had agreed to meet the "great chief from across the water who was coming there to visit him."About 600 warriors of different Sioux tribes, led by Spotted Tail, War Bonnet, Black Hat, Red Leaf, Whistler and Pawnee Killer, assembled to greet <mask> at the hunting camp. They had been provided with ten thousand rations of flour, sugar, coffee, and 1,000 pounds of tobacco for their trouble - twenty-five wagon loads in all. At the start of the party, Spotted Tail, dressed in a suit, which didn't fit him, with an army belt upside down and an extremely awkward look was introduced to the Grand Duke. Then the Indian chief extended his hand, and greeted him in Lakota saying "How." For the amusement of <mask> the Indians staged exercises of horsemanship, lance-throwing and bow-shooting. Then there was a sham fight, showing the Indian mode of warfare, closing up with a grand war dance. It was noticed that <mask> paid considerable attention to a good-looking Indian maiden.Concerned that his mother, Empress Maria Alexandrovna, might receive reports of his flirtations, he wrote her from St. Louis: "Regarding my success with American ladies about which so much is written in the newspapers, I can openly say, that this is complete nonsense. They looked on me from the beginning as they would look on a wild animal, as on a crocodile or other unusual beast." . A dispute broke out, but <mask> was able to calm down the fight with gifts of red and green blankets, ivory-handled hunting knives and a large bag of silver dollars. A formal council took place in Sheridan's tent and a peace pipe was passed around. Spotted Tail seized the chance to press his demand for the right to hunt freely south of the Platte River and for more than one store in which to trade. Buffalo hunt
The big hunt took place on  <mask>'s 22nd birthday, 14 January 1872. He carried a Russian hunting knife and an American revolver bearing the coats-of-arms of the United States and Russia on the handle, which he had recently received as a present.The hunting party approached buffalo herd several miles up the Red Willow Creek. <mask> rode Buffalo Bill's celebrated buffalo horse "Buckskin Joe", which had been trained to ride at full gallop with a target so that the best shot could be made. As soon as a herd of buffalo was seen, some two miles away, <mask> wanted to make a charge but was restrained by Bill. The party moved to the windward and gradually approached the herd. Within a hundred yards of the fleeing buffalo, <mask>, not accustomed to shooting from a running horse, fired, but missed. Buffalo Bill rode up close beside him, handed him his own famed .48-caliber rifle, "Lucretia", the one with which he claimed to have killed 4,200 buffalo, and advised him not to fire until he was on the flank of the buffalo. When <mask> tried again, he brought down his game.The hide of the dead buffalo was carefully removed and dressed; <mask> took it home as a souvenir of his hunt on the western plains. Twenty to thirty animals were killed on the first day of the hunt. The party returned early to camp, where there was a liberal supply of champagne and other beverages provided, and the evening was spent in frontier style. The next morning Spotted Tail requested  the Grand Duke to hunt by the side of Two Lance, chief of the Nakota Sioux tribe, so that he could see a demonstration of the Indian way of hunting. Coming up to a herd of buffalo, Two Lance demonstrated his skill by killing a large animal with one arrow which passed entirely through the body of the running buffalo. The arrow was preserved and given to <mask>. He killed two buffalo, one of them at 100 paces distance, with a pistol shot.On the conclusion of the hunt, when returning to Fort McPherson, General Sheridan proposed that Buffalo Bill take the reins and show <mask> the old style of stage driving over the plains with the horses at full gallop. The heavy ambulance bounded over the rough prairie, while the occupants could hardly keep their seats. <mask> was pleased with his hunting trip. When he and Bill parted in Fort McPherson, <mask> presented him with a fur coat and expensive cuff links. From there the train continued to Denver where <mask> arrived on 17 January. While in Denver, he attended an honorary ball sponsored by the Pioneer Club and visited some mines. He apparently loved the new sport he had just learned and hunted buffalo again near Colorado Springs, on his return trip from Denver through Kansas to St. Louis.However, the horses used to hunt in eastern Colorado were cavalry mounts and unaccustomed to buffalo; several hunters were injured during the resulting confusion. <mask> was unhurt and succeeded in killing as many as 25 buffalo. He even shot a few more from the train on its way across western Kansas toward Topeka, which was reached on 22 January. It is claimed that, by the time they reached St. Louis, the party's supply of caviar and champagne had been exhausted. General Custer became one of the <mask>'s best friends. He accompanied him and his entourage through Kansas, to St. Louis, New Orleans, and finally to Florida. They continued to correspond with one another up until Custer's death.In the United States, the hunt is remembered as "The Great Royal Buffalo Hunt". Starting from the year 2000, Hayes Center, Nebraska organizes each year the "Grand Duke Alexis Rendezvous" featuring a reenactment of the buffalo hunt. <mask> received as a gift from chief Spotted Tail an Indian wigwam and a bow and arrows. He took them back to St. Petersburg. At present they are kept at the museum in Tver. In memory of his adventures in America, <mask> organized every year a special  entertainment. The actors arrived to a village of tents in old carriages drawn by heavy horses.On the palace's lake there were "Indian" pirogues. Men with swords and tomahawks danced with women dressed in long old skirts. The performance was supposed to give the attendance an image of the American Old West. Southern states
While in St. Louis, <mask> made a short visit to Cincinnati on 26 January  On 28 January he left by train for  Louisville, Kentucky, where he visited the  Mammoth Cave
 He continued his trip by steamer, arriving on 2 February 1872 in Memphis, Tennessee aboard the Great Republic. After visiting the city he left on 8 February aboard the James Howard and after a stop in Vicksburg he finally arrived in New Orleans

New Orleans
In New Orleans <mask> attended the 1872 Mardi Gras celebrations, where he was guest of honor reviewing the inaugural Rex parade. There are many legends related to the Grand Duke's visit to New Orleans. It has been claimed that local business leaders had planned the first daytime parade to honor him, but this was not true.New Orleans was struggling to recover from the lingering effects of the Civil War. At the same time, many city leaders saw the need to bring some order to the chaotic street parades of Mardi Gras day. They had planned the parade all along and took the opportunity to capitalize on <mask>'s visit. A new krewe of prominent citizens was formed, calling itself the School of Design, and its ruler was to be Rex (the organization is now known as the "Rex Organization"). The group of young men who founded the Rex Organization hoped not only to entertain the Grand Duke, but also to create a daytime parade that would be attractive and fun for the citizens of the city and their guests. They selected one of their members, Lewis J. Salomon, the organization's fund-raiser to be the first Rex, King of Carnival. Before he could begin his reign, he had to borrow a crown, scepter, and costume from Lawrence Barrett, a distinguished Shakespearean actor who was performing Richard III at the Varieties Theater.At the same time, Lydia Thompson's tour had reached New Orleans and the Bluebeard burlesque was staged at the Academy of Music on St. Charles Avenue. Rumours of the courtship between <mask> and the actress had reached New Orleans and were amplified mainly to ensure a full house. <mask> had already seen the performance and didn't attend, hanging out at the Jockey Club. Besides, his preferences had shifted and he was captivated by the diminutive actress Lotta Crabtree who had one of the main roles in the play The Little Detective. Though the encounter was brief, <mask> sent her a gift in Memphis, her next stop after New Orleans. <mask> attended the Rex parade. According to legend, the song "If Ever I Cease to Love", was chosen as anthem of the Rex parade, because it was claimed to be his favorite tune.Actually, the silly song had been written by George Leybourne and published in London in 1871. The song was already popular in New Orleans before the first Rex parade in 1872. the local adaptation of the lyrics was likely done local journalist E. C. Hancock whose newspaper had already published a spoof of the song in 1871. The lyrics of the song were adapted to the occasion and changed to:

The parade <mask> attended bears little resemblance to present day parades. Rex rode a horse, not a float and the parade that followed was made up largely of the informal maskers and marchers. There were however bands who stopped and played the Russian national anthem in honor of him. Many traditions such as the selection of Rex, the King of the Parade, the Rex anthem, the parade's colors date back to <mask>'s visit. The Russian fleet set sail from Pensacola, Florida of 22 February 1872.It is claimed that hundreds of pounds of iced buffalo meat were carefully stowed aboard. While Libbie Custer, General Custer's wife, believed <mask> was more interested in "pretty girls and music" than the country he was passing through, <mask> did spend most of his time trying to get an understanding of the country. Far East Tour
On its way home, the Russian squadron first stopped in Havana, Cuba, which it reached on 29 February 1872, before sailing on to Rio de Janeiro where it arrived on 3 June 1872.

masks: Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Duke Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Duke Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei Alexei


texts:
 <mask> entertained Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and the imperial court aboard the Svetlana. Sailing to the Far East, the squadron also stopped in Cape Town, Batavia, Singapore, Hong Kong, Canton and Shanghai

Arriving in Japan on 15 October 1872, the Russian squadron cast anchor in Nagasaki harbour, where <mask> was greeted by the governor. The program included a ceremonial dinner in his honour, visits to the surrounding countryside and a tournament of the 60 best wrestlers of Japan. On 22 October <mask> and his staff visited the little village of Inasa where a Russian colony lived.The Russian delegation visited two hotels named "Kronstadt" and "Moscow" as well as the Russian cemetery. The Russian squadron left Nagasaki on 24 October, the next port of call being Kobe, where he was again greeted by the provincial governor. <mask> also attended a performance at the local theatre in Kobe. On 1 November, the Russian squadron set sail for Yokohama. On 5 November, the Grand Duke was officially received by Japanese Emperor Meiji and the following day, viewed a parade of the Japanese armed forces. After a few days, the Emperor, at <mask>'s invitation, went to Yokohama to see the Russian squadron. Following his intervention, 34 Japanese Christians were pardoned by the Emperor and released.On 26 November, the Russian squadron set sail for Vladivostok reaching the base of the Russian Pacific Fleet on 5 December nearly a year and a half after it had left Kronstadt. He then returned to St. Petersburg across Siberia. Visit to England
In 1874, <mask> accompanied his father to England to visit his sister, the Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna, recently married to Queen Victoria's son Prince Alfred. Palace of Grand Duke <mask>ich

After his return from America, <mask> was concerned about an appropriate residence. He purchased an older building located at 122 Moika River Embankment in Saint Petersburg. The building was completely redesigned and rebuilt by architect Maximilian Messmacher having a total surface of 9,200 sq.m. It is considered one of the most interesting examples of Saint Petersburg's eclectic architecture.The architect used a different style for each façade. The wrought iron and stone fence surrounding the palace and its gardens is also an interesting feature. The central gates are still ornamented with the Grand Duke's monogram, the meaning of which was overlooked by the Soviet authorities. In 1910, part of the gardens were sold for the construction of a candy factory. Though the palace was declared a national landmark in 1968, it remained in disrepair for many years. After a restoration in the early 2000s, it was reopened in 2008 as the St. Petersburg Music House. Military career

In 1873, <mask> was appointed head of the Imperial Naval Guards.He was also appointed member of the section for shipbuilding and naval artillery of the Russian Naval Technical Committee. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), he was promoted to commander of the Russian Naval Forces on the Danube. On 9 January 1878, he was decorated with the Order of St. George – Fourth Degree for "tireless and successful management of the naval forces and equipment on 14 June 1877 for the construction and maintenance of the pontoon bridges and crossings at Zimnicea, Pietroşani and Nikopol and for the successful measures for protecting these crossing from destruction by enemy forces." In 1880, he was promoted to general adjutant. In 1882, after the accession of his brother Alexander to the throne, <mask> was appointed head of the Naval Department, replacing Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaievich. In 1883, he was also appointed General-Admiral of the Russian Imperial Fleet. Though his control over the day-to-day affairs of the military was limited, <mask> was involved in naval and military planning.His influence over the Tsar gave him a powerful say in strategic decision-making. Besides being the head of Russia's fleets, <mask> was also in command of the naval cadet corps, the Moscow guard regiment, the 37th Ekaterinburg infantry regiment, the 77th Tenginsk infantry regiment, and the 17th Eastern Siberian infantry regiment. As commander in chief of the navy, he was charged with modernization of the fleet, taking into account the rapid technological progress. During his tenure, he ensured a fivefold increase of the navy's budget. He was able to launch a series of pre-dreadnought battleships that were replacing the old ironclad ships. Thus, he was instrumental in the equipment of the Russian navy with several battleships of various classes:

 The Peresvet class, inspired by the British battleship
 The Borodino class, based on a French design by the shipyards in La Seyne-sur-Mer
 The Petropavlovsk class designed at Galerniy Yard, St. Petersburg
 The Navarin class, on the British Trafalgar-class battleship

He also had older ironclads of the Imperator Aleksandr II class reconstructed by the French La Seyne yard. He also put new cruisers in service (among them the Aurora).<mask> was instrumental in the modernization of the Russian navy. He reconstructed and developed the military harbours of Sevastopol, Alexander III in Livada (now Liepāja, Latvia) and Port Arthur, increased the number of navy yards and extended the dry-docks in Kronstadt, Vladivostok and Sevastopol. He also reorganized the navy, defining the conditions for different naval qualifications, drafting rules for rewarding long-time service of first and second rank ship captains, restructuring the corps of mechanical engineers and naval engineers, increasing the number of officers and crew. When tensions mounted in the Far East, he ordered the transfer of additional ships to Port Arthur, including the battleship Petropavlovsk. Russian academician and naval engineer <mask> Krylov shows that, despite these achievements, there were severe drawbacks in the Grand Duke's activity. There was no strategic planning and ships were not built based on their intended role within the fleet. There were too many ships of different types.Ships were designed mainly by copying the ones of foreign navies and were therefore technologically 6–7 year old when they were launched. Their armour and equipment was often inadequate. <mask> seems to have become aware of some these deficiencies. He decided to have more battleships of a single type and to have them designed abroad to meet the needs of the Russian navy. However, though he was an admirer of the British navy, the new battleships were conceived in France and had a poor design. The new Borodino-class battleships had tumblehome hulls and were unstable, having a high center of gravity. The drawbacks proved to be fatal for the Russian navy.Disgrace and dismissal
The Grand Duke's reputation as a corrupt, spendthrift dilettante, who lavished fortunes on "ladies of no reputation", had worsened throughout the years. Having purchased a magnificent mansion in Paris, he built a new wing of his St Petersburg palace for his mistress, ballerina Elizabeth Balletta. According to Kaiser Wilhelm II, no ship in the Russian Fleet could be purchased "without the Grand Duke Alexis, the Commander-in-Chief of the Fleet, pocketing a quarter of a million roubles". In 1903, thirty million roubles – half of the budget of the Russian navy – had disappeared without a single new ship being launched. The Grand Duke was suspected of being involved in the misappropriation. At the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, the Russian First Pacific Squadron was able to resist the Japanese attack during the Battle of the Yellow Sea. However, the squadron was destroyed during the Battle of Port Arthur and the Baltic Fleet, sent for reinforcement, was completely defeated in the Battle of Tsushima.The Grand Duke had been a strong opponent of naval reform  and was considered partly responsible for the disaster. In 1904, the windows of his St. Petersburg place were smashed by a crowd. That same year, the audience of that city's French theatre "hissed him from the building". When Balletta appeared on the stage in 1905 bedecked in diamonds, the audience cried: 'She has our fleet in her ears! On her every finger there is a cruiser!’. On 2 June 1905 O.S., <mask> was relieved of his command and retired. Life at the Russian court

His critics talked of <mask>'s life as consisting of "fast women and slow ships", referring to his womanizing and the defeat of the Russian navy by the Japanese.Away from his desk, <mask> devoted his time to the good things of life. He entertained generously and collected fine silver and other works of art to adorn his palace. Sometimes he designed his own clothes. A womanizer, he spent his vacations in Paris or in Biarritz, each time in the company of a different lady. Around the late 1880s, he started a celebrated affair with the Duchess of Leuchtenberg, the morganatic wife of one of his cousins Eugène von Leuchtenberg. Born Zinaida Skobelyeva, "Zina" was a strikingly beautiful woman who had married Eugeni of Leuchtenberg as his second wife in 1870. Alexander II made her Countess de Beauharnais and Alexander III raised her to Serene Highness and Duchess of Leuchtenberg.<mask> was so besotted with her that he conducted an affair openly, under her husband's roof and in his full knowledge. Eugene Leuchtenberg initially resented that <mask> cuckolded him. One night, Leuchtenberg arrived home late and found his wife's room locked. He knocked on the door and insisted that she let him in; <mask> opened the door kicked him downstairs. Later that day, Leuchtenberg complained to Alexander III of Russia, who told him that if he was incapable of managing his wife himself he could not expect others to help him. From that day forward, Leuchtenberg slept in his study and apparently accepted the situation. Leuchtenberg drank away most of his fortune; for years, he and Zinaida lived off his cousin's generosity.Even after his wife's death in 1899, the Duke continued to live under <mask>'s roof. Beside his military duties, <mask> was also chairman of the Imperial Commission for the Promotion of Ballet. In 1904, he became one of the godparents of Tsarevich <mask>, the other godparents being the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, King Christian IX of Denmark, Grand Duke Ernest Ludwig of Hesse, Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna, Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich, and Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaievna. All soldiers serving in the military during the Russo-Japanese War were also declared godfathers to <mask>. Death
After the assassination of his brother Grand Duke <mask> of Russia in February 1905 and his retirement in disgrace from the navy in June that same year, <mask>ich spent most of his time in the Paris house he had bought in 1897. At his house in Avenue Gabriel, he kept an open door for writers, painters, actors, and especially actresses. He had always been less interested in the armed services than in art and fashion, and he had long since been recognized as a connoisseur of the social, artistic, and literary life of Paris.His massive frame was a familiar sight at restaurants and theaters, particularly on first nights. His last public appearance a week before his death was at the dress rehearsal of a new play at the vaudeville. Decades of comfort and good living eventually took their toll on his health. He died of pneumonia in Paris on 27 November (14 November O.S.) 1908. His death was said to have devastated Tsar Nicholas II, his nephew, who reportedly claimed <mask> as his favourite uncle. In 2006, <mask>ov funds.The journal, written in English, begins in 1862 and ends in 1907. It has not been published yet. Popular culture

The Adventure of the Seven Clocks (1952), part of The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes collection, deals with attempts of the Nihilist movement to assassinate the Grand Duke. In the 1959 episode "The Grand Duke" of the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews, the French actor Alexander Davion (born 1929) plays <mask>, with John Lupton as William F. Cody. In the story line, Cody acts as guide for the Grand Duke who is on a western bison hunt. The two develop a close friendship. The 1973 Lucky Luke comic book Le Grand Duc features a Russian Grand Duke who visits the Wild West.In 1977, Christopher Lee played a Russian Grand Duke hunting buffalo in three episodes of the TV-series How the West Was Won. The western hunt is alluded to in the 1994 film Maverick, starring Mel Gibson. In the film, the Duke is hustled, after he has grown bored with hunting animals, into thinking that he is hunting a Native American. He appears as a character in Boris Akunin's novel The Coronation (2000) under the name Georgi Aleksandrovich. Honours

Ancestry

Notes

References
 Chavchavadze, David. The Grand Dukes. Atlantic, 1989.Ferrand, Jacques, Descendances naturelles des souverains et grands-ducs de Russie, de 1762 à 1910 : répertoire généalogique,1995. Nunes, Pepsi, "The Evolution of the Imperial Russian Navy and the Grand Dukes 1850–1917". Atlantis magazine, Vol.2, 2001 Nr3–4., Vol.3 2002, Nr.1
 Van Der Kiste, John. The Romanovs 1818–1959. Sutton Publishing, 1999. .
 Zeepvat, Charlotte. Romanov Autumn. Sutton Publishing, 2000.External links

1850 births
1908 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
People from Saint Petersburg Governorate
House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
Russian grand dukes
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
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Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
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Deaths from pneumonia in France
Children of Alexander II of Russia
Sons of

masks:
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei Alexandrov
Alexei
Alexei Alexandrovich
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei Nikolaevich
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Alexei
Sergei Alexandrovich
Alexei Alexandrov
Alexei
Alexeissup
Duke Alexei


title: Isaac Parsons (Virginia politician)

texts:
<mask> (January 27, 1752 – August 25, 1796) was an American slave owner, politician, and militia officer in the U.S. state of Virginia (now West Virginia). <mask> served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing Hampshire County from 1789 until his death in 1796. Following an act of the Virginia General Assembly in 1789, <mask> was appointed to serve as a trustee for the town of Romney. In 1790, <mask> began serving as a justice for Hampshire County. He served as a captain in command of a company in the Virginia militia during the American Revolutionary War and continued to serve as a captain in the Hampshire County militia following the war. <mask> operated a public ferry across the South Branch Potomac River, and later died from drowning in the river in 1796. <mask> was the grandfather of <mask> (1814–1862), who also represented Hampshire County in the Virginia House of Delegates and served as an officer in the Confederate States Army.Early life and family
<mask> was born on January 27, 1752, in Hampshire County, Virginia (now West Virginia). <mask> was the third son of <mask> and his wife Parthenia Baldwin (also spelled Bayldwin) <mask>. The <mask> family was a prominent family whose ancestors arrived to the Thirteen Colonies from England in 1635 and relocated to Hampshire County around 1740. <mask>' father settled on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in 1725 prior to relocating to Hampshire County, Virginia. Landholdings
Following the death of his father <mask> between the date of his will and testament on May 27, 1771, and his will's recording on March 10, 1772, <mask> inherited a plantation on Lot Number 16 of the "South Branch Survey" of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron's Northern Neck Proprietary and other valuable lands in Hampshire County and in the present-day counties of Hardy and Grant. <mask> and his brother Baldwin also received land their father had acquired from Luke Collins, which was divided between <mask> and his brother by Nathaniel Kuykendall, John Foreman, and William Foreman. By 1778, <mask> owned  of Lot Number 16 and all of Lot Number 17 of Lord Fairfax's "South Branch Survey".By 1790, <mask> also owned the corner of Lot Number 1 within the town of Romney. In 1795, <mask> acquired an additional  along the South Branch Potomac River. <mask>' Lot 16 property along the South Branch Potomac River was later purchased by David Gibson in 1836, after which Gibson established his Sycamore Dale plantation there. Ferry service
<mask> petitioned the Virginia General Assembly to establish a public ferry across the South Branch Potomac River, thus connecting his property on both sides of the river. In October 1786, the Virginia General Assembly passed an act establishing the public ferry at <mask>' property near the present site of the U.S. Route 50 bridge west of Romney. The assembly's act set the ferry's toll at three pence and three farthings per man, and the same price per horse. By 1790, <mask> was continuing the operation of the ferry, which had become known as "Parson's Ferry".On December 26, 1792, the Virginia General Assembly passed an additional act for the settlement and regulation of public ferries. The assembly's act mandated that <mask>' ferry be "constantly kept" at its location, and established its toll amounting to six cents per man, and six cents per horse. Political and military careers
During the American Revolutionary War, <mask> served as a captain in command of a company under the charge of Major Vincent Williams in the Virginia militia. By December 11, 1788, <mask> was again serving as a captain in command of a company in the Hampshire County militia. <mask> served as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates representing Hampshire County from 1789 until his death on August 25, 1796. <mask> represented Hampshire County, which was a multi-member electoral district, in the Virginia House of Delegates. During the October 19 – December 19, 1789, session, <mask> served alongside Elias Poston and <mask>.In the sessions between 1790 and 1793, <mask> served alongside Elias Poston. <mask> served alongside Francis White during the 1794 session. During the 1795 session, he again served alongside Elias Poston. <mask> died on August 25, 1796, before the November 8 – December 27, 1796, session of the Virginia House of Delegates, where he was to have served alongside Alexander King. <mask>' seat was filled by Fielding Calmes, who served out <mask>' term during this session. During his final two sessions in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1794 and 1795, <mask> was a member of the Federalist Party. By February 14, 1788, <mask> had been appointed as an appraiser of property in Hampshire County by an act of the Virginia General Assembly.On December 4, 1789, <mask> was again appointed by an act of the Virginia General Assembly to serve as a trustee of the town of Romney. <mask> served as a trustee alongside <mask>, Andrew Wodrow, Stephen Colvin, Jonathan Purcell, Nicholas Casey, William McGuire, Perez Drew and James Murphy. <mask> and his fellow trustees were given authority by the Virginia General Assembly to settle disputes regarding the town's land lots and to "open and clear" the town's "streets and lanes" in accordance with the original survey and plan for Romney. In 1790, <mask> was either elected or appointed as a justice for Hampshire County alongside Jonathan Purcell, James Martin, Cornelius Ferrel, Edward McCarty, Solomon Jones, and Elias Poston. <mask> died on August 25, 1796; according to tradition, he died from drowning in the South Branch Potomac River. Personal life
<mask> was married on April 23, 1772, to Mary E. Ellender Gregg. Mary E. Ellender Gregg was born on February 27, 1756.<mask> and his wife had two sons: James Gregg <mask> (1773–1847), married to Mary Catherine Casey in 1795, and <mask> (born 1775), married to Catherine Miller. References

Bibliography

1752 births
1796 deaths
18th-century American landowners
18th-century American politicians
Accidental deaths in West Virginia
American people of English descent
American planters
American slave owners
Deaths by drowning
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Farmers from Virginia
Farmers from West Virginia
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Military personnel from West Virginia
<mask>, <mask> 01
People from Romney, West Virginia
Trustees of populated places in Virginia
Virginia Federalists
Virginia militiamen in the American Revolution
West Virginia colonial people

masks:
Isaac Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Isaac Parsons
Isaac Parsons
Parsons
Thomas Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
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Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
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Isaac Miller
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Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
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Isaac Miller
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David Parsons
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Isaac