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<mask> (born July 28, 1943) is an American politician and former professional basketball player. He served three terms as a Democratic U.S. Senator from New Jersey (1979–1997). He ran for the Democratic Party's nomination for president in the 2000 election, which he lost to Vice President Al Gore. <mask> was born and raised in Crystal City, Missouri, a small town  south of St. Louis. He excelled at basketball from an early age. He did well academically and was an all-county and all-state basketball player in high school.He was offered 75 college scholarships, but declined them all to attend Princeton University. He won a gold medal as a member of the 1964 Olympic basketball team and was the NCAA Player of the Year in 1965, when Princeton finished third in the NCAA Tournament. After graduating in 1965, he attended Oxford on a Rhodes Scholarship where he was a member of Worcester College, delaying a decision for two years on whether or not to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). While at Oxford, <mask> played one season of professional basketball in Europe and eventually decided to join the New York Knicks in the 1967–68 season, after serving six months in the Air Force Reserve. He spent his entire ten-year professional basketball career playing for the Knicks, winning NBA titles in 1970 and 1973. Retiring in 1977, he ran for a seat in the United States Senate the following year, from his adopted home state of New Jersey. He was re-elected in 1984 and 1990, left the Senate in 1997, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2000 Democratic presidential nomination.<mask> is the author of seven non-fiction books, most recently We Can All Do Better, and hosts a weekly radio show, American Voices, on Sirius Satellite Radio. He is a corporate director of Starbucks and a partner at investment bank Allen & Company in New York City. <mask> is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. He also serves on that group's Advisory Board. <mask> is a member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society. In 2008 <mask> was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Early life
<mask> was born on July 28, 1943, in Crystal City, Missouri, the only child of Warren (June 22, 1901October 1, 1994), who despite leaving high school after a year had become a bank president, and Susan "Susie" Crowe (June 12, 1909November 30, 1995), a teacher and former high school-basketball player.Politicians and politics were standard dinner-table topics in <mask>'s childhood, and he described his father as a "solid Republican" who was an elector for Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948 presidential election. An active Boy Scout, he became an Eagle Scout and member of the Order of the Arrow. <mask> began playing basketball at the age of nine. He was a star at Crystal City High School, where he scored 3,068 points in his scholastic career, was twice named All-American, and was elected to the Missouri Association of Student Councils. He received 75 college scholarship offers, although he applied to only five schools and only scored a 485 out of 800 on the Verbal portion of the SAT, which—despite being likely in the top third of all test takers that year—normally would have caused selective schools like Princeton University to reject him. <mask>'s basketball ability benefited from his height— in the seventh grade,  in the eighth grade, and his adult size of  by the age of 15—and unusually wide peripheral vision, which he worked to improve by focusing on faraway objects while walking. During his high school years, <mask> maintained a rigorous practice schedule, a habit he carried through college.He would work on the court for "three and a half hours every day after school, nine to five on Saturday, one-thirty to five on Sunday, and, in the summer, about three hours a day. He put ten pounds of lead slivers in his sneakers, set up chairs as opponents and dribbled in a slalom fashion around them, and wore eyeglass frames that had a piece of cardboard taped to them so that he could not see the floor, for "a good dribbler never looks at the ball." Basketball

College

<mask>  was considered to be the top high school basketball player in the country. He initially chose to attend Duke in the fall of 1961. However, after breaking his foot in the summer of 1961 during a baseball game and thinking about his college decision outside of basketball, <mask> decided to enroll at Princeton due to its record in preparing students for government or United States Foreign Service work. He had been awarded a scholarship at Duke, but not at Princeton; the Ivy League does not allow its members to award athletic scholarships, and he was disqualified from receiving financial aid because of his family's wealth. <mask>'s childhood hero Dick Kazmaier had won the Heisman Trophy at Princeton, and he wore #42 in his honor.In his freshman year, <mask> averaged more than 30 points per game for the freshman team, at one point making 57 consecutive free throws, breaking a record set by a member of the NBA's Syracuse Nationals. The following year, as a sophomore, he was a varsity starter in Butch van Breda Kolff's first year as coach of the Tigers. In his sophomore year <mask> scored 40 points in an 82–81 loss to St. Joseph's and was named to The Sporting News All-American first team in early 1963. The coach of the St. Louis Hawks believed he was ready to play professional basketball. The AP and United Press International polls both put <mask> on the second team, establishing him as the top sophomore player in the country; <mask> also hit .316 as a first baseman for the baseball team. The following year The Sporting News again named him to its All-American team as its only junior, and as its player of the year. At the Olympic basketball trials in April 1964, <mask> played guard instead of his usual forward position but was still a top performer.He was one of three chosen unanimously for the Olympic team, the youngest chosen, and the only undergraduate. The Olympic team won its sixth consecutive gold medal. As a senior and team captain in the 1964–1965 season, <mask> became a household name. Only the third tallest on his team, but called "easily the No. 1 player in college basketball today", "the best amateur basketball player in the United States", and "The White Oscar Robertson", he scored 41 points before fouling out of the game in an 80–78 loss to Michigan and their star player Cazzie Russell in the 1964 ECAC Holiday Basketball semi-final at Madison Square Garden, then led Princeton to the NCAA Final Four after defeating heavy favorite Providence and Jimmy Walker by 40 points. The team then lost to Michigan in the semifinals, but <mask> scored a record 58 points in the consolation game to lead the team to victory against Wichita State and earn himself the Final Four MVP. In total, <mask> scored 2,503 points at Princeton, averaging 30.2 points per game.He was awarded the 1965 James E. Sullivan Award, presented annually to the United States' top amateur athlete, the first basketball player to win the honor, and the second Princeton student to win the award, after runner <mask>ron in 1934. <mask> holds a number of Ivy League career records, including total and average points (1,253/29.83, respectively), and free throws made and attempted (409/468, 87.4%). Ivy League season records he holds similarly include total and average points (464/33.14, 1964) and most free throws made (153 in 170 attempts, 90.0%, 1962–1963). He also holds the career point record at Princeton and many other school records, including the top ten slots in the category of total points scored in a game, but likely could have scored many more points if he had not insisted so often on passing the ball, in what his coaches called "<mask>'s hope passes", to inferior teammates closer to the basket; he only emphasized his own scoring when Princeton was behind or, as during the Wichita State game, his teammates forced <mask> to shoot by returning passes to him. Van Breda Kolff often encouraged <mask> to be more of a "one on one" player, stating that "<mask> is not hungry. At least ninety percent of the time, when he gets the ball, he is looking for a pass." Van Breda Kolff described <mask> as "not the most physical player.Others can run faster and jump higher. The difference...is self-discipline." At Princeton he had three to four hours of classes and four hours of basketball practice daily, studied an average of seven hours each weekday and up to 24 more hours each weekend, frequently spoke for the Fellowship of Christian Athletes around the country, and taught Sunday School at the local Presbyterian Church. When practicing he did not move from a location on the court unless he made at least ten of 13 shots, and could detect whether a basket was an inch too low from the regulation ten feet. Improving from his mediocre freshman grades, <mask> graduated magna cum laude after writing his senior thesis about Harry S. Truman's 1940 United States Senate campaign, titled "On That Record I Stand", and received a Rhodes Scholarship at Worcester College, Oxford. At Princeton, <mask> was taught by John William Ward. <mask> was a member of University Cottage Club while he was a student at Princeton.His tenure at Princeton was the subject of Pulitzer Prize-winning author John McPhee's January 23, 1965 article "A Sense of Where You Are" in The New Yorker, which McPhee expanded into a book of the same name. The title came from <mask>'s explanation for his ability to repeatedly throw a basketball over his shoulder and into the basket while looking away from it. In 1965, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Professional
<mask>'s graduation year, 1965, was the last year that the NBA's territorial rule was in effect, which gave professional teams first rights to draft players who attended college within 50 miles of the team. The New York Knicks—one mile closer to Princeton than the Philadelphia 76ers—drafted <mask> as a territorial pick in the 1965 draft, but he did not sign a contract with the team immediately. While studying Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (PPE) at Oxford, he commuted to Italy to play professional basketball for Olimpia Milano, then called Simmenthal, during the 1965–1966 season, where the team won a European Champions Cup (predecessor to the modern EuroLeague). <mask> was also a member of the Oxford University Basketball Club and helped lead the men's basketball team to back-to-back British University Sports Federation (B.U.S.F.)championships in 1965 and 1966 and the Amateur Basketball Association (A.B.B.A.) National Championship in 1966. <mask> dropped out of Oxford in April 1967, two months before graduation, to enter the Air Force Reserves. (The following year, Oxford allowed <mask> to take "special exams", enabling him to graduate.) He served six months on active duty as an officer, though the requirement was four years' service. (On March 6, 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson declared that he would issue an executive order that Selective Service deferments for post-graduate study would henceforth be limited to the medical and dental fields.) <mask> joined the New York Knicks in December 1967, having missed the preseason and several weeks of the 1967–1968 season.He was placed in the backcourt, although he had spent his high school and college careers as a forward. Neither he nor the team did well, and in the following season, he was returned to the forward slot. Then, in his third season, the Knicks won their first NBA championship, followed by the second in the 1972–73 season, when he made the only All-Star Game appearance of his career. Over 742 NBA games – all with the Knicks – <mask> scored a total of 9,217 points, an average of 12.4 points per game, and averaged 3.4 assists per game. His best season scoring average was 16.1 points per game in the 1972–73 season, during which he also averaged a career-best 4.5 assists per game. During his NBA career, <mask> used his fame on the court to explore social as well as political issues, meeting with journalists, government officials, academics, businesspeople, and social

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title: Bill Bradley

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 activists. He also worked as an assistant to the director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in Washington, D.C., and as a teacher in the street academies of Harlem.In 1976, he also became an author by publishing Life on the Run. Using a 20-day stretch of time during one season as the main focus of the book, he chronicled his experiences in the NBA and the people he met along the way. He noted in the book that he had initially signed only a four-year contract, and that he was uncomfortable using his celebrity status to earn extra money endorsing products as other players did. Retiring from basketball in 1977, he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1983, along with teammate Dave DeBusschere. In 1984, the Knicks retired his number 24 jersey; he was the fourth player so honored by the Knicks, after Willis Reed, Walt Frazier, and DeBusschere. He is one of only two players, along with Manu Ginóbili, to have won a EuroLeague title, an NBA championship, and an Olympic gold medal. Politics
Politics was a frequent subject of discussion in the <mask> household, and some of his relatives held local and county political offices.He majored in history at Princeton, and was present in the Senate chamber when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. Van Breda Kolff and many others who knew him predicted that <mask> would be Governor of Missouri, or president, by 40. He spent his time at Oxford focusing on European political and economic history. In 1978, he said that congressman Mo Udall, himself a former professional basketball player, had told him ten years earlier that professional sports could help prepare him for politics, depending on what he did with his non-playing time. U.S. Senate

After four years of political campaigning for Democratic candidates around New Jersey, <mask> decided in the summer of 1977 to run for the Senate himself, coinciding with his retirement from the Knicks. He felt his time had been well-spent in "paying his dues". The seat was held by liberal Republican and four-term incumbent Clifford P. Case.Case lost the Republican primary to anti-tax conservative Jeffrey Bell, who, like <mask>, was 34 years old as the campaign season began. <mask> won the seat in the general election with about 56% of the vote. During the campaign, Yale football player John Spagnola was <mask>'s bodyguard and driver. In the Senate, <mask> acquired a reputation for being somewhat aloof and was thought of as a "policy wonk", specializing in complex reform initiatives. Among these was the 1986 overhaul of the federal tax code, co-sponsored with Dick Gephardt, which reduced the tax rate schedule to just two brackets, 15 percent and 28 percent, and eliminated many kinds of deductions. Domestic policy initiatives that <mask> led or was associated with included reform of child support enforcement; legislation concerning lead-related children's health problems; the Earned Income Tax Credit; campaign finance reform; a re-apportioning of California water rights; and federal budget reform to reduce the deficit, which included, in 1981, supporting Reagan's spending cuts but opposing his parallel tax cut package, one of only three senators to take this position. He sponsored the Freedom Support Act, an exchange program between the republics of the former Soviet Union and the United States.<mask> was re-elected in 1984 with 65% of the vote against Montclair mayor Mary V. Mochary. In 1987, <mask> re-introduced legislation that would return 1.3 million acres of land in the Black Hills of South Dakota to the Sioux tribe that had been illegally seized by President Ulysses S. Grant under the threat of starvation of the tribe in 1877. The legislation proposed to keep Mount Rushmore within the US Park Service and 1.3 million acres of the Black Hills to return to jurisdiction under a Sioux National Council. The legislation died in committee. In 1988, he was encouraged to seek the Democratic nomination for president, but he declined to enter the race, saying that he would know when he was ready. In 1990, a controversy over a state income tax increase—on which he refused to take a position—and his proposal on merit pay for teachers, which led the NJEA to support his opponent, turned his once-obscure rival for the Senate, Christine Todd Whitman, into a viable candidate, and <mask> won by only a slim margin. In 1995, he announced he would not run for re-election, publicly declaring American politics "broken."While he was a senator, <mask> walked the beaches from Cape May to Sandy Hook, a four-day, 127-mile trip each Labor Day weekend, to assess beach and ocean conditions and talk with constituents. <mask> was criticized for neglecting constituent services while in office. Presidential candidate

<mask> ran in the 2000 presidential primaries, opposing incumbent Vice President Al Gore for his party's nomination. <mask> campaigned as the liberal alternative to Gore, taking positions to the left of Gore on a number of issues, including universal health care, gun control, and campaign finance reform. On the issue of taxes, <mask> trumpeted his sponsorship of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, which had significantly cut tax rates while abolishing dozens of loopholes. He voiced his belief that the best possible tax code would be one with low rates and no loopholes, but he refused to rule out the idea of raising taxes to pay for his health care program, calling the idea of such a pledge "dishonest". On public education, he proposed to make over $2 billion in block grants available to each state every year.He further promised to bring 60,000 new teachers into the education system in hard-to-staff areas over ten years by offering college scholarships to anyone who agreed to become a teacher after graduating; Gore offered a similar proposal. <mask> also made child poverty a significant issue in his campaign. He promised to address the minimum wage, expand the Earned Income Tax Credit, allow single parents on welfare to keep their child support payments, make the Dependent Care Tax Credit refundable, build support homes for pregnant teenagers, enroll 400,000 more children in Head Start, and increase the availability of food stamps. Although Gore was considered the party favorite, <mask> received a number of high-profile endorsements, including senators Paul Wellstone, Bob Kerrey, and Daniel Patrick Moynihan; former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich; former New York City mayor Ed Koch; former Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker; and basketball stars Michael Jordan and Phil Jackson. <mask> and Jackson have been close friends since they were teammates playing for the New York Knicks. Jackson was a vocal supporter of <mask>'s run for the presidency and often wore his campaign button in public. Jackson announced his acceptance of the position of head coach of the Los Angeles Lakers while <mask> was campaigning in California in 1999, and he was a "regular draw on the <mask> money trail" during the campaign.<mask> later called it a "great honor" to be the presenter when Jackson was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2007. <mask>'s campaign initially had strong prospects, due to high-profile endorsements and as his fundraising efforts gave him a deep war chest. However, it floundered, in part because it was overshadowed by Senator John McCain's far more attention-gaining, but ultimately unsuccessful, campaign for the Republican nomination; McCain had stolen <mask>'s "thunder" on several occasions. <mask> was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat in the Iowa caucus, despite spending heavily there, as the unions pledged their support for Gore. <mask> then lost the New Hampshire primary 53–47%, which had been viewed as a must-win state for his campaign to remain competitive. <mask> finished a distant second during each of the primaries on Super Tuesday. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, <mask> withdrew his campaign and endorsed Gore; he ruled out the idea of running as the vice-presidential candidate and did not answer questions about possible future runs for the presidency.He said that he would continue to speak out regarding his brand of politics, calling for campaign finance reform, gun control, and increased health care insurance. After politics

Later in 2000, <mask> was offered the chairmanship of the United States Olympic Committee, which he turned down. In September 2002, <mask> turned down a request from New Jersey Democrats to replace Robert Torricelli on the ballot for his old Senate seat, which another former senator, Frank Lautenberg, accepted. Oxford University awarded <mask> an honorary Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) in 2003, with a citation that described him in part as "...an outstandingly distinguished athlete, a weighty pillar of the Senate, and still a powerful advocate of the weak...". In 2007 <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. This award is given in recognition of community service more than 25 years after a scout first earns the Eagle badge. In January 2004, <mask> and Gore both endorsed Howard Dean for president in the 2004 Democratic primaries.In January 2008, <mask> announced that he was supporting Barack Obama in the 2008 Democratic primary. He campaigned for Obama and appeared on political news shows as a surrogate. <mask>'s name was mentioned as a possible replacement for Tom Daschle as nominee for Secretary of Health and Human Services in the Obama administration after Daschle withdrew from consideration; the position went to Kansas governor Kathleen Sebelius. He has occasionally been involved in political matters, most recently consulting the Senate Finance Committee on tax reform along with former colleague Bob Packwood. He has worked as a corporate consultant and investment banker. He has been a managing director of Allen & Company LLC, since 2001, was chief outside advisor to McKinsey & Company's nonprofit division, the McKinsey Global Institute, from 2001 to 2004, and is a member of the board of directors of QuinStreet and Starbucks and the private company Raydiance. <mask> is a senior advisor to the private equity firm Catterton Partners.<mask> is also a board member of DonorsChoose.org, an online charity that connects individuals to classrooms in need. He is also the Chair of the Advisory Council for Acumen Fund, a non-profit global venture fund that uses entrepreneurial approaches to solve the problems of global poverty. <mask> is a Co-Chair for the Advisory Board of Issue One, a non-profit whose goal is to reduce the influence of money in American politics. <mask> is a member of the board of directors of the American Committee on East-West Accord. And he has been member of the advisory board of the Peter G. Peterson Foundation. Personal life
<mask> married Ernestine (née Misslbeck) Schlant, a German-born professor of comparative literature, in 1974. She has a daughter, Stephanie, from a previous marriage, and they have one daughter, Theresa Anne.<mask> and Schlant divorced in 2007, and he lives with former LBJ Library director Betty Sue Flowers. Published works
 <mask>, <mask> We Can All Do Better (Vanguard Press, May 8, 2012)
 <mask>, <mask> The New American Story (Random House, 2007)
 <mask>, <mask> The Journey from Here (Artisan, 2000)
 <mask>, <mask> Values of the Game (Artisan, 1998)
 <mask>, <mask> Time Present, Time Past: A Memoir (Alfred A. Knopf, 1996)
 <mask>, <mask> Life on the Run (Bantam Books, 1977)

See also
 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball career free throw scoring leaders
 List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds
List of Princeton University Olympians
 List of NBA players who have spent their entire career with one franchise

References

http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2014/08/28/olympics/nearly-50-years-bradley-recalls-1964-tokyo-games/

Further reading
 McPhee, John A Sense of Where You Are: <mask> at Princeton (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1965)

Primary sources
 <mask>, <mask>. Time present, time past: A memoir (Vintage, 1997). online
 <mask>, <mask>. The new American story (Random House,

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title: Marguerite Du Londel

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<mask> or <mask>del (Jeanne-Pierre-<mask>; La Rochelle, France, 1737–1804) was a French ballerina, actress and singer (soprano). She was active in the French theater in Sweden and at that time attracted great fame. She is also known for her relationship with king Adolf Frederick of Sweden. Life

<mask> was born in La Rochelle in France. She was engaged with her mother and her two sisters in the French theater company of <mask> and Pierre de Laynay, which was active at the Danish royal court in 1748–53. When the French theater company was contracted to perform at the Swedish royal court in 1753, <mask> initially remained in Copenhagen with her mother and sisters, before they left for Sweden to rejoin the theater in 1755. Sweden

The French Du Londel theater in Sweden performed for the Royal Swedish court in the palace theaters of Confidencen and Drottningholm Palace Theater during the summers, and for the public in the Bollhuset theater in Stockholm during the winters.It was a significant theater with about twenty members, patronized by the royal court and the aristocracy. In 1759, <mask> married the actor and director of the theater, <mask> <mask> (1728–1793), and became henceforth known as <mask>l or Madame <mask>londel. <mask> <mask> made her debut in the Du Londel French theater in a ballet before the royal court in August 1755. She made a success, and the queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, compared her to Barbara Campanini and Babette Cochois of the Prussian Ballet in Berlin. <mask> <mask> was trained as a ballet dancer, actress and singer, which was not uncommon at the time. From 1759 onward, she additionally participated as both an actress and a singer. As an actress, she mainly participated in soubrette roles.As a singer, she participated in many concerts at Riddarhuset, but also in the lyric plays staged by the theater. One of her most noted successes was Les Chinois by Hauteroche. She was given good critic in all three capacities of ballet dancer, singer and actress. Her multi talent made her one of the elite members of the French theater, and she is referred to as the lead female star of the theater alongside Marie Baptiste. It was arguably as a ballerina <mask> Londel achieved her greatest success in Sweden, and she was appointed premier ballerina. While the French company performed theater plays and lyric singing as well as ballet performances for the public at the Bollhuset theater in Stockholm, the plays and singing was reportedly in practice only frequented by the upper classes, who could understand the French language. The ballet performances, however, had a special position, as the audience did not have to be able to understand the French language to enjoy them.Consequently, the ballet performances where the only stage activity of the French theater which actually became lucrative among the wider Swedish public, and the ballets therefore played an important role when the French theater arranged their public performances in Stockholm (in opposite as when they performed for the court nobility), and became more frequent and staged alone. When the actors and singers of the French theater was mostly praised by the French language aristocracy, the French ballet dancers became known and popular outside of the nobility, and <mask> <mask> and her main co-star Louis Gallodier where both popular among the Swedish public and are noted to have been frequently printed in the advertises of the French theater's public performances to attract audience from outside of the nobility. Particularly in the period of 1767–71, <mask> Londel was judging from the advertises a very appreciated star in Stockholm. Among her performances as a dancers was the ballet L'Eroe Cines av Francesco Uttini, which had its premier in Drottningholm Palace Theater on 14 May 1757. It was one of the most expensive performances made by the French theater in all its twenty years in Sweden, to a cost of 6.000 riksdaler in silver, and with the cooperation of 27 members of the Livgardet. <mask> Londel also functioned as the French language teacher and dance instructor of Princess Sophie Albertine of Sweden between 1757 and 1769, while her husband and brother-in-law Pierre Lefebvre (married to her sister-in-law <mask> <mask>) was in parallel the instructor of the French language and fencing for the royal princes. Royal mistress

<mask> <mask> is also known as the mistress of the monarch, king Adolf Frederick of Sweden.The affair took place between 1760 and 1765 and was reportedly the first adultery of the king since his wedding. It was noted in connection to this that she and her husband did not live together and in fact had different addresses until 1770 – while he lived with his mother, she was quartered in a room at the royal palace. The affair is mentioned by Claes Julius Ekeblad in 1760, when he mentioned that because of it, she was invited as a guest by the nobility, though never accepted as an equal by them. The affair was an open secret in court circles but never officially acknowledged, and she had no position of being an official royal mistress. Reportedly, the queen tolerated the king to have an affair on the condition that he was discrete and never embarrassed her by having any form of official mistress, a condition he accepted and followed. However, queen Louisa Ulrika was very sensitive to any form of public embarrassment by the affair, which caused some incidents when the queen felt that discretion had not been followed. The most known incident of this affair was when the lyric play Le Pientre amoreaux de son modéle by L. Anselme had its premier at the Bollhuset theater in Stockholm, in which <mask> <mask> was given the line: "When I was young, I was the taste of a king".This caused great laughter in the theater, which was at that time attended by both the public and the royal family, because of the open secret of her relationship with the king, an incident which reportedly caused the queen to feel herself publicly insulted. The affair resulted in the birth of a son, Frederici (c. 1761-1771), which she gave the patronymic Fredriksson. Frederici was taken care of by the Swedish Royal House, but he died in shirtly after his biological father in 1771, when he was about ten. In 1766, the king had assumed another affair with the queen's maid-of-honour Ulla von Liewen, who became the mother of the later notorious Lolotte Forssberg. In 1799, in connection to the debated fatherhood of Lolotte Forssberg (by that time countess Stenbock), the affair between the king and <mask> Londel was also mentioned in a letter from count Fredrik Georg Strömfelt to Eleonora Charlotta d'Albedyhll (though the year is here erroneously 1769 instead of 1766):

"Queen Louisa Ulrika had a lady-in-waiting by the name Ulla Liewen, engaged to count Per Brahe, son of the unhappy count Erik. In 1769 she fell sick and was delivered of "The Petite", who was the daughter of Adolf Fredrik. The queen was informed of the secret, but out of friendship for her maid of honor, who had a good name for virtue and good customs – perhaps also in reference to the utter jealousy, which Her Majesty had displayed in the matter of the charming actress and dancer m:lle <mask>, with whom the King had a son called Fredriksson, a jealousy which caused the exile of m:lle <mask>del from the realm – the queen promised her husband to care for the child under the vow of secrecy.Those, who have seen countess Stenbock in her younger years, as well as the portrait of Ulla Liewen, can not doubt the matter. Beside, she looks like Adolf Fredrik, and this explains, why people have found such as resemblance between her and princess Sofia Albertina". Later life

In 1771, the French <mask> Londel theater was dissolved by king Gustav III of Sweden after his succession to the throne. All of the members of the theater was fired without a pension, with the sole exception of <mask> Londel and her husband, who were the only ones afforded a full pension by Gustav III, who referred to a promise he had given to his father. Gustav III also saw to the welfare of <mask> Londel's son Frederici, who he referred to as his half brother after the queen dowager Louisa Ulrika had informed him of a promise she had given the late king – Frederici, however, died later that same year. On 21 June 1771, Louis and <mask> Londel departed Sweden for France, despite a promise from Gustav III of doubling their pension if they remained in Sweden, as he would like them to be instructors at a theater school he planned to found. They settled in Metz in 1778.When some of the remaining French artists performed in the Swedish court in 1780, Gustav III remarked that the only thing preventing them from being a full theatre was the fact that the <mask> couple was in Paris. The <mask> couple returned to Sweden during the French revolution in 1792, because they felt unsafe in France because of their royalist sympathies as well as the fact that <mask> <mask> was of noble descent on his mother's side. The following year, <mask> <mask> was widowed, and the new regency government of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden discontinued her pension. She lived on the charity of friends, particularly her god daughter, the celebrated actress Marie Louise Marcadet. When Marcadet left for France in 1795, she was in a difficult situation, but the following year, her daughter Marie Louise <mask> (1776–1847) married her former colleague Louis Gallodier, and she was thereafter supported by her son-in-law until her death. See also
 Elisabeth Soligny

References
 Gunilla Roempke (1994). Gunilla Roempke.ed. Vristens makt – dansös i mätressernas tidevarv (The power of the ankle – dancer in the epoch of the royal mistresses) Stockholm: Stockholm Fischer & company. Forser, Tomas & Heed, Sven Åke (red. ), Ny svensk teaterhistoria. 1, Teater före 1800, Gidlund, Hedemora, 2007
 Jonsson, Leif & Ivarsdotter, Anna (red. ), Musiken i Sverige. 2, Frihetstid och gustaviansk tid 1720–1810, Fischer, Stockholm, 1993 (Music in Sweden.The age of Liberty and the Gustavian age 1720–1810)
 Oscar Levertin: Teater och drama under Gustaf III, Albert Bonniers förlag, Stockholm, Fjärde Upplagan (1920). ['Teater och drama under Gustaf III']

Notes

1737 births
1804 deaths

18th-century French ballet dancers
18th-century French actresses
18th-century French singers
French stage actresses
Mistresses of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden
Age of Liberty people

masks:
Marguerite Du Londel
Dulon
Marie Marguerite Morel
Marguerite Morel
Jeanne Du Londel
Marguerite Morel
Marguerite Morel
Louis Du
Londel
Madame Dunde
Du
Marguerite Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Marguerite Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Marguerite Du
Louise Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Dulondel
Dulon
Du
Marguerite Du
Marguerite Du
Marguerite Du
Du Londel
Du Londel
Louis Du
Londel
Marguerite Du
Londel
Dulondel


title: William Sloane Coffin

texts:
<mask>. (June 1, 1924 – April 12, 2006) was an American Christian clergyman and long-time peace activist. He was ordained in the Presbyterian Church, and later received ministerial standing in the United Church of Christ. In his younger days he was an athlete, a talented pianist, a CIA officer, and later chaplain of Yale University, where the influence of H. Richard Niebuhr's social philosophy led him to become a leader in the Civil Rights Movement and peace movements of the 1960s and 1970s. He also was a member of the secret society Skull and Bones. He went on to serve as Senior Minister at the Riverside Church in New York City and President of SANE/Freeze (now Peace Action), the nation's largest peace and social justice group, and prominently opposed United States military interventions in conflicts, from the Vietnam War to the Iraq War. He was also an ardent supporter of gay rights. Biography

Childhood
<mask>. was born into the wealthy elite of New York City.His paternal great-grandfather <mask> was a Scottish immigrant and co-owner of the very successful W. & J. Sloane Company. His uncle was <mask> <mask>, president of Union Theological Seminary and one of the most famous ministers in the United States. His father, <mask> <mask>, Sr. was president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and an executive in the family business. Famed record producer and civil rights activist John Hammond was a cousin. His mother, Catherine Butterfield, had grown up in the Midwest, and as a young woman spent time in France during World War I providing relief to soldiers, and met her future husband there, where he was also engaged in charitable activities. Their three children grew up fluent in French by being taught by their nanny, and attended private schools in New York. <mask>.'s father, <mask>, was a prominent lawyer, real estate developer, and reformer who owned a property investment and management firm that renovated and rented low-income housing in New York.Upon Edmund's death in 1928, it went to his sons <mask> and Henry, with <mask> managing the firm. When the Great Depression hit in 1929, <mask> allowed tenants to stay whether or not they could pay the rent, quickly draining his own funds, and at a time when the family's substantial W. & J. Sloane stock was not paying dividends. <mask> <mask>, Sr. died at home on his oldest son Edmund's eleventh birthday in 1933 from a heart attack he suffered returning from work. After this, his wife Catherine decided to move the family to Carmel, California, to make life more affordable, but was able to do this only with financial support from her brother-in-law Henry. After years spent in the most exclusive private schools in Manhattan, the three Coffin children were educated in Carmel's public schools, where <mask> had his first sense that there was injustice—sometimes very great—in the world. A talented musician, he became devoted to the piano and planned a career as a concert pianist. At the urging of his uncle Henry (who was still contributing to the family's finances), his mother enrolled him in Deerfield Academy in 1938.The following year (when Edmund left for Yale University), <mask> moved with his mother to Paris at the age of 15 to receive personal instruction in the piano and was taught by some of the best music teachers of the 20th century, including Nadia Boulanger. The <mask>s moved to Geneva, Switzerland, when World War II came to France in 1940, and then back to the United States, where he enrolled in Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. Early adulthood
Having graduated from high school in 1942, <mask> enrolled at Yale College and studied in the School of Music. While continuing his pursuit of the piano, he was also excited by the prospect of fighting to stop fascism and became very focused on joining the war effort. He applied to work as a spy with the Office of Strategic Services in 1943, but was turned down for not having sufficiently "Gallic features" to be effective. He then left school, enlisted in the Army, and was quickly tapped to become an officer. After training, he was assigned to work as liaison to the French and Russian armies in connection with the Army's military intelligence unit, and where he heard first-hand stories of life in Stalin's USSR.Records indicate he was part of the Ritchie Boys and trained extensively at Camp Ritchie, in Maryland. After the war, <mask> returned to Yale, where he would later become President of the Yale Glee Club. <mask> had been a friend of George H. W. Bush since his youth, as they both attended Phillips Academy (1942). In <mask>'s senior year, Bush brought <mask> into the exclusive Skull and Bones secret society at the university. Upon graduating in 1949, <mask> entered the Union Theological Seminary, where he remained for a year, until the outbreak of the Korean War reignited his interest in fighting against communism. He joined the CIA as a case officer in 1950 (his brother-in-law Franklin Lindsay had been head of the Office of Policy Coordination, the political warfare arm of the CIA) spending three years in West Germany recruiting anti-Soviet Russian refugees and training them how to undermine Stalin's regime. <mask> grew increasingly disillusioned with the role of the CIA and the United States due to events including the CIA's involvement in overthrowing Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran in 1953, followed by the CIA's orchestration of the coup that removed President Jacobo Árbenz in Guatemala in 1954.Ministry and political activism

After leaving the CIA, <mask> enrolled at Yale Divinity School and earned his Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1956, the same year he was ordained a Presbyterian minister. This same year he married Eva Rubinstein, the daughter of pianist Arthur Rubinstein, and became chaplain at Williams College. Soon, he accepted the position as Chaplain of Yale University, where he remained from 1958 until 1975. Gifted with a rich bass-baritone voice, he was an active member of the Yale Russian Chorus during the late 1950s and 1960s. With his CIA background, he was dismayed when he learned in 1964 of the history of French and American involvement in South Vietnam. He felt the United States should have honored the French agreement to hold a national referendum in Vietnam about unification. He was in early opposition to the Vietnam War and became famous for his anti-war activities and his civil rights activism.Along with others, he was a founder in the early 1960s of the Clergy and Laity Concerned About Vietnam, organized to resist President Lyndon Johnson's escalation of the war. <mask> had a prominent role in the Freedom Rides challenging segregation and the oppression of black people. As chaplain at Yale in the early 1960s, <mask> organized busloads of Freedom Riders to challenge segregation laws in the South. Through his efforts, hundreds of students at Yale University and elsewhere were recruited into civil rights and anti-war activity. He was jailed many times, but his first conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court. In 1962, he joined SANE: The Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy, an organization he would later lead. Approached by Sargent Shriver in 1961 to run the first training programs for the Peace Corps, <mask> took up the task and took a temporary leave from Yale, working to develop a rigorous training program modeled on Outward Bound and supervising the building of a training camp in Puerto Rico.He used his pulpit as a platform for like-minded crusaders, hosting the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, and Nelson Mandela, among others. Fellow Yale graduate Garry Trudeau has immortalized <mask> (combined with <mask>'s protege Rev. Scotty McLennan) as "the Rev. Scot Sloan" in the comic strip Doonesbury. During the Vietnam War years, <mask> and his friend Howard Zinn often spoke from the same anti-war platform. An inspiring speaker, <mask> was known for optimism and humor: "Remember, young people, even if you win the rat race, you're still a rat."By 1967, <mask> concentrated increasingly on preaching civil disobedience and supported the young men who turned in their draft cards. He was, however, uncomfortable with draft-card burning, worried that it looked "unnecessarily hostile". <mask> was one of several persons who signed an open letter entitled "A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority", which was printed in several newspapers in October 1967. In that same month, he also raised the possibility of declaring Battell Chapel at Yale a sanctuary for resisters, or possibly as the site of a large demonstration of civil disobedience. School administration barred the use of the church as a sanctuary. <mask> later wrote, "I accused them of behaving more like 'true Blues than true Christians'. They squirmed but weren't about to change their minds....I realized I was licked." And so on January 5, 1968, <mask>, Dr. Benjamin Spock (the pediatrician and baby book author who was also a Phillips Academy alumnus), Marcus Raskin, and Mitchell Goodman (all signers of "A Call to Resist Illegitimate Authority" and members of the anti-war collective RESIST) were indicted by a Federal grand jury for "conspiracy to counsel, aid and abet draft resistance". All but Raskin were convicted that June, but in 1970 an appeals court overturned the verdict. <mask> remained chaplain of Yale until December 1975. In 1977, he became senior minister at the Riverside Church—an interdenominational congregation affiliated with both the United Church of Christ and American Baptist Churches—and one of the most prominent congregations in New York City. <mask> was a controversial, yet inspirational leader at Riverside, with sermon titles like "Abortion", "AIDS", "Homosexuality", and "Iran". His other sermons included "It's a Sin to Build a Nuclear Weapon", and during the Iran hostage crisis, "And Pray for the Iranians, Too".<mask> openly and vocally supported gay rights when many liberals still were uncomfortable with homosexuality. Some of the congregation's socially conservative members openly disagreed with his position on sexuality. Nuclear disarmament
<mask> started a strong nuclear disarmament program at Riverside, and hired Cora Weiss (a secular Jew he had worked with during the Vietnam War and had traveled with to North Vietnam in 1972 to accompany three released U.S. prisoners of war), an action which was uncomfortable for some parishioners. Broadening his reach to an international audience, he met with numerous world leaders and traveled abroad. His visits included going to Iran to perform Christmas services for hostages being held in the U.S. embassy during the Iran hostage crisis in 1979 and to Nicaragua to protest U.S. military intervention there. In 1987, he resigned from Riverside Church to pursue disarmament activism full-time, saying then that there was no issue more important for a man of faith. He became president of SANE/FREEZE (now Peace Action), the largest peace and justice organization in the United States.He retired with the title president emeritus in the early 1990s, and then taught and lectured across the United States and overseas. <mask> also wrote several books. He cautioned that we are all living in "the shadow of Doomsday", and urged that people turn away from isolationism and become more globally aware. Shortly before his death, <mask> founded Faithful Security, a coalition for people of faith committed to working for a world free of nuclear weapons. Personal life
<mask> was married three times. His first two marriages, to Eva Rubinstein and Harriet Gibney, ended in divorce. He was survived by his third wife, Virginia Randolph Wilson (called "Randy").Eva Rubinstein, his first wife and the mother of his children, was a daughter of pianist Arthur Rubinstein. The loss of their son Alexander in a car accident in 1983 inspired one of <mask>'s most requested sermons. His son is folk musician <mask>. He was given only six months to live in early 2004 due to a weakened heart. <mask> and his wife lived in the small town of Strafford, Vermont, a few houses away from his brother Ned, until his death nearly two years later at age 81. Military awards
American Campaign Medal
European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
World War II Victory Medal
Army of Occupation Medal with "Germany" clasp

Books

By Coffin
 Letters to a Young Doubter, Westminster John Knox Press, July 2005,
 Credo, Westminster John Knox Press, December 2003,
 The Heart Is a Little to the Left: Essays on Public Morality, Dartmouth College, 1st edition, October 1999,
 The Courage to Love, sermons, Harper & Row, 1982,
 Once to Every Man: A Memoir, autobiography, Athenaeum Press, 1977,

About Coffin
 <mask> <mask>, Jr.: A Holy Impatience, by Warren Goldstein, Yale University Press, March 2004,
 The Trial of Dr. Spock, <mask> <mask>, Michael Ferber, Mitchell Goodman, and Marcus Raskin, by Jessica Mitford, New York, Knopf, 1969

In popular culture
The Doonesbury character Reverend Scot Sloan is named (in part) for <mask> <mask>. See also
 List of peace activists

References

Sources
 Once to Every Man: A Memoir (1977)
 <mask> <mask>, Jr.: A Holy Impatience (2004)
 Passion for the Possible: A Message to U.S.Churches

External links

 Interview from 1982 with <mask> <mask> on Vietnam and the Anti-War movement WGBH Educational Foundation
 A Politically Engaged Spirituality Video and transcript of <mask>'s April 2005 speech at Yale Divinity School
 Interview with <mask> <mask> from Religion & Ethics Newsweekly, August 2004
 <mask> Coffin: A Lover's Quarrel With America Video interview from Old Dog Documentaries
 <mask> <mask> - Not to Bring Peace, But a Sword Sermon and interview. Profile of <mask> from Yale Alumni Magazine, March 2004
 <mask> <mask>, Jr. Papers (MS 1665). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. Selected writings (PDF)
 Peace Action (formerly SANE/Freeze, the merger of SANE and the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign)
 Faithful Security
 www.williamsloanecoffin.org This is the complete digital collection of <mask> <mask>'s sermons preached from the pulpit of New York City's Riverside Church 1977–1987. Speech "Who Is the Enemy?" delivered April 8, 1983 at a symposium in Kansas City. Memorials
Obituary from the New York Times
Obituary from the Los Angeles Times
Obituary from The Guardian
Obituary from the Associated Press
Remembrance from the United Church of Christ (article and video)
Remembrance from The Nation
Remembrance by <mask>. Buckley Jr. in the Yale Daily News
The Legacy of <mask> Coffin by Rev.Scotty McLennan
Tribute of Yale Class of 1968 to its "Permanent Chaplain "
Obituary on Commondreams.org
Photo gallery of <mask> from The Washington Post

1924 births
2006 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
Activists from New York City
American anti–Iraq War activists
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
American anti–Vietnam War activists
American chaplains
American people of Scottish descent
American Presbyterians
American religious writers
Deerfield Academy alumni
Freedom Riders
Non-interventionism
Nonviolence advocates
People of the Central Intelligence Agency
People of the Office of Strategic Services
Phillips Academy alumni
Religious leaders from New York City
Ritchie Boys
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
United Church of Christ ministers
United Church of Christ
United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America ministers
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Yale College alumni
Yale Divinity School alumni
Yale School of Music alumni

masks:
William Sloane Coffin Jr
William Sloane Coffin Jr
William Sloane
Henry Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sr
Edmund Coffin
William
William
William
William Sloane
Coffin
William
William
Coffin
William
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
Coffin
David Coffin
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
William Sloane
Coffin
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William Sloane
Coffin
William F
William Sloane
Coffin


title: Brandon Tate

texts:
<mask> (born October 5, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver. He was drafted by the New England Patriots in the third round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at North Carolina. Early years and family
<mask> attended Hugh M. Cummings High School in Burlington, North Carolina, where he played football as a wide receiver, kick returner, and defensive back and basketball as a guard. In basketball, he won a state title in his junior season. In his 2004 senior football season, <mask> had 66 receptions and 18 touchdowns, earning All-Conference honors. <mask>'s brother, Barry, was a four-year letterwinner for Lenoir-Rhyne University in football.College career
After high school, <mask> attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <mask> was one of seven true freshman to see game time. <mask> played in all eleven games as a kick returner. In the Tar Heels game against the Utah Utes, <mask> returned the opening kickoff 96 yards for a touchdown. <mask> finished the season with 21 kick returns for 542 yards, and 29 punt returns for 267 yards. <mask> finished 22nd in the country in kick off returns. In his freshman season, <mask> finished second in the Atlantic Coast Conference in kick returns and third in punt returns.In his sophomore season, <mask> was one of only three players in the country to return two kickoffs for touchdowns. <mask> caught his first pass from Cameron Sexton, in the Tar Heels game against the Virginia Tech Hokies. The pass was for 13 yards, with the catch happening just before the end of the first half. In the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, <mask> returned a kick off 90 yards for a touchdown. <mask> faked a pitch to teammate Quinton Person, and bolted down the field into the end zone. In the final game of the Tar Heels season, against Duke, <mask> performed very well. With seventeen seconds remaining in the first half of the game, <mask> returned a kick off 97 yards for a touchdown.That 97-yard return tied third longest return in North Carolina's history. Early in the fourth quarter, <mask> returned a punt 54 yards for a touchdown. <mask> became the third person in North Carolina football  history and the ninth player in NCAA  history to return a kickoff and a punt for a touchdown in the same game. <mask> caught his first pass, a 17-yard reception, from Cameron Sexton. In the opening game of <mask>'s junior season against James Madison, he caught his first touchdown pass of his career. <mask> caught a 28-yard pass for his first catch of the season, as well as his first touchdown of his career. When North Carolina squared off against East Carolina, <mask> returned a punt 58 yards for a touchdown.This was <mask>'s fifth career return for a touchdown, which tied the school record; which was held by Charlie Justice. In North Carolina's game against NC State, <mask> recorded 168 all-purpose yards. He caught a 50-yard touchdown pass from Bobby Rome, a fullback, off of a flea flicker. In the Tar Heels' games against Wake Forest and Miami, <mask> had over 200 all-purpose yards. In the Heels' game against Miami, <mask> scored a 54-yard rushing touchdown off of a reverse. <mask> set the ACC records for most all-purpose yards (2,382 yards) and most kick off returns (98) during his junior season. <mask> saw more time at wide receiver in his junior season in 2007.<mask> finished the season first in the ACC with 1,765 all-purpose yards; he also led his team with seven touchdowns. <mask> caught 25 passes for 479 yards, averaging 19.2 yards per catch. In addition to that, <mask> caught five touchdown passes. <mask> averaged 24.1 for kick off returns and 9.4 yards for punt

In <mask>'s senior year, the Tar Heels were pitted against the McNeese State for their opening game of the collegiate football season. <mask> dominated the game. In the first quarter of the game, <mask> returned a punt 82 yards for a touchdown. Shortly after the start of the second quarter, <mask> rushed 54 yards, being tackled just three yards shy of the end zone.In the third quarter of the game, <mask> caught a 57-yard pass from T. J. Yates and ran for a touchdown. <mask> ended up rushing for 106 yards, becoming the first North Carolina wide receiver to have a hundred-yard rushing game. <mask> set a school record for most all-purpose yards in a game with 397 yards on just eleven touches. <mask> also set the school record for highest punt return average in a game, with 47.3 yards per return (3 returns for 142 yards). In the Tar Heels' game against Miami, <mask> set the NCAA record for most combined kick off and punt return yards in a career. He would finish the season with 3,523 total career return yards to his name. Before the Tar Heels' game against Notre Dame, <mask> needed only 165 yards to become the eleventh player in NCAA history to reach 1,000 kick off return yards and 1,000 punt return yards.<mask> returned a single punt for 9 yards, before leaving the game with a knee injury. <mask> ended up tearing his ACL and MCL in his knee and missed the final seven games of the season. <mask> also the ACC's all-time leader in kickoff returns (109) and kickoff return yardage (2,688). Professional career

New England Patriots

2009 season
<mask> was drafted by the Patriots in the third round (83rd overall) of the 2009 NFL Draft. On July 16, he was signed to a four-year contract with a $755,000 signing bonus. He began the 2009 season on the non-football injury list, still recovering from his knee injury from the prior season. He was activated on October 24, in Week 7.He played that week against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers as a reserve, recording one rush (an end-around) for 11 yards. Two weeks later, following the team's bye week, <mask> started against the Miami Dolphins but did not have any catches in the game. <mask> suffered another knee injury in the game and was placed on injured reserve on November 14, ending his season. He finished the season with 106 kickoff return yards. 2010 season
On September 12, 2010, in the Patriots' season-opening game against the Cincinnati Bengals, <mask> ran the opening second-half kickoff back 97 yards for a touchdown. On October 4, 2010, <mask> repeated the feat against the Miami Dolphins, this time returning the ball 103 yards. <mask> scored his first career receiving touchdown on a 65-yard catch against the Minnesota Vikings in Week 8.<mask> played in 16 games, of which he started 10. He caught 24 passes for 432 yards and three touchdowns, and had 41 kick returns for 1,057 yards (25.8 yard average) and two touchdowns. On September 3, 2011, the New England Patriots released <mask>. Cincinnati Bengals
On September 4, 2011, the Cincinnati Bengals claimed <mask> off waivers. On October 30, 2011, <mask> returned a punt for a 56-yard touchdown against the Seattle Seahawks, his first touchdown with the Bengals. On March 11, 2014 <mask> re-signed with the Bengals. <mask> was re-signed by the Bengals on April 1, 2015, on a one-year contract.He recorded his first reception as a Bengal in a Week 1 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, he subsequently recorded his first receiving touchdown as a Bengal on a 44-yard reception from Andy Dalton in a Week Two 34–27 victory against the Cleveland Browns. The Bengals re-signed <mask> to another one-year contract on March 4, 2016. During the season, <mask> surpassed Mike Martin to become the Bengals all-time punt return yard leader. <mask> was released by the Bengals on August 30, 2016, having been beaten out for the primary return man role by undrafted rookie Alex Erickson. He left the team as the all-time leader in combined kick and punt return yards with 4,928 yards. Buffalo Bills
<mask> signed with the Buffalo Bills on September 6, 2016. On March 20, 2017, <mask> re-signed with the Bills.New Orleans Saints
On July 31, 2018, <mask> signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was released on September 1, 2018, as part of final roster cuts. He was re-signed on September 26, 2018, but was released six days later. References

External links

 Cincinnati Bengals bio
 North Carolina Tar Heels bio

1987 births
Living people
People from Burlington, North Carolina
Players of American football from North Carolina
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
North Carolina Tar Heels football players
New England Patriots players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Buffalo Bills players
New Orleans Saints players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Brandon Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Brandon Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Brandon Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
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Tate
Tate
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Tate
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Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate


title: Vladimír Remek

texts:
<mask> (born 26 September 1948) is a Czech politician and diplomat as well as a former cosmonaut and military pilot. He flew aboard Soyuz 28 from 2 to 10 March 1978, becoming the first and only Czechoslovak in space. As the first cosmonaut from a country other than the Soviet Union or the United States, and with the entry of the Czech Republic and Slovakia into the European Union, <mask> is considered to be the first astronaut from the European Union. He remains the only Czech to have travelled into space. <mask> was a member of the European Parliament between 2004 and 2013 for the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia. From 2014 to 2018 he was the Czech Ambassador to Russia. Early life and military career
Remek was born on 26 September 1948 in the city of České Budějovice.He spent two years studying at the observatory in Kraví hora, Brno between 1962 and 1964. <mask> was influenced by his father, Jozef <mask>, himself a military pilot. <mask> was an active member both in the Pioneers and the Czechoslovak Union of Youth. He studied mathematics and physics at middle school in Čáslav where he earned awards in track running the 400-meter, 800-meter, and 1,500-meter events. <mask> graduated in 1966 and proceeded to Vyšší Letecké Učiliště, an aviation school in Košice, where he trained in an Aero L-29 Delfín. <mask> graduated in 1970 and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Czechoslovak Air Force. <mask> served as a fighter pilot, flying MiG-21s in the 1st Fighter Air Regiment.In the 1970s <mask> married his first wife, Czech actress Hana Davidová, the daughter of politician Václav David. They had a daughter together, Anna, in 1980. He had a second daughter, Jana, three years after the first, with his second wife, also called Jana. From 1972 to 1976, <mask> studied at the Gagarin Air Force Academy. Upon his return to Czechoslovakia in 1976, he was promoted to captain and appointed deputy commander of his fighter regiment, after which <mask> went back to Russia to train for the Soviet-led space program. Following his return from space in March 1978, <mask> spent time in the Czechoslovak People's Army (ČSLA) staff as the deputy director of the Flight Research Institute in Prague. In 1986, <mask> became the deputy commander of a flight division based in Čáslav.In 1988 he graduated from Voroshilov-Staff Academy of Soviet Air Force and was appointed to his highest command, as deputy of the 2nd Air Defense Division stationed in Moravia. Following the Velvet Revolution in 1989, <mask> was relegated to a role as Director of the Museum for Aviation and Astronautics in Prague. Following his retirement from the air force in 1995, <mask> represented Czech firm CZ Strakonice and joint venture CZ–Turbo-GAZ in Moscow. Intercosmos program

<mask> (then a Captain) joined the Interkosmos program in 1976; his backup was Oldřich Pelčák, the other Czechoslovak cosmonaut selected to participate with the program. During the flight, Remek experimented with the Kristall furnace on board the capsule. The mission, coinciding with the 30th anniversary of the Soviet-backed 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, and including <mask>, the son of a Czech mother and Slovak father, had propaganda value in stressing Czechoslovak-Soviet cooperation. <mask> himself has not denied this although he retains pride in his voyage regardless of the circumstances.On the Soyuz 28 mission that launched 2 March 1978, he became the first cosmonaut from a country other than the Soviet Union or the United States, and with the entry of the Czech Republic into the European Union, <mask> is considered to be the first astronaut from the European Union. After <mask>'s flight, he was celebrated in his home country with a series of receptions at factories and other civil workplaces. He was also recognized at a ceremony at Prague Castle as a guest of Gustáv Husák, then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. On 16 March, <mask> and Aleksei Gubarev, the other member of the crew, were awarded the medal Hero of the Soviet Union. Czechoslovak reaction to <mask>'s flight included comments about the media's inundation focused on Remek and the fact that he was only able to journey with a Soviet cosmonaut as if Remek needed a minder. One joke went: "Why didn't the Soviets send up two Czechoslovak cosmonauts? Because they would've landed in West Germany."<mask> himself joked that his Soviet counterpart would slap <mask>'s hands off of controls if he touched anything without permission. French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien experienced this same behavior onboard Soyuz TM-7 in 1988. Political career
Due in part to his previous business contacts in Russia, <mask> was appointed to the Czech Embassy in Moscow as a Trade and Economic Counselor. During the 2004 European Parliament election, <mask> was a candidate for the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia and, being second on the list behind Miloslav Ransdorf, was elected into the European Parliament. During his first term (20 July 2004 to 13 July 2009), <mask> was a member of the Confederal Group of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left in the European Parliament. He was a vocal proponent of the EU's Galileo satellite constellation, warning that bureaucratic delay could cede opportunity to the BeiDou, a Chinese competitor. He was reelected in 2009.When Petr Kolář resigned as the Czech Ambassador to Russia in December 2012, the ambassadorship sat empty for a year until the President of the Czech Republic, Miloš Zeman, appointed Remek in January 2014. The appointment met with controversy as it was against the wishes of Zeman's Foreign Minister, Karel Schwarzenberg. Observers have noted <mask> has a friendly history with the Russians and although his communist affiliations are a minority in Russia, his appointment represents Zeman's pragmatic and pro-Russia stance. In popular culture

Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos discovered an asteroid in September 1978 and named it 2552 Remek after the cosmonaut. Remek is featured in a 2009 independent comedy film called Osadne about three residents from Osadné that seek out Remek at his office in Brussels to help tourism in their town. Sculptor Jan Bartoš created a statue of Remek and Gubarev, which is located at Háje metro station, formerly known as Kosmonautů (meaning [station of] the astronauts) until 1990, in Prague. Another statue of Remek is located in Košice, Slovakia.Bibliography

See also
 Astronaut-politician
 Ivan Bella, the first Slovak in space (1999)

Citations

References

External links

 Biography of <mask> <mask> at the European Parliament
 Short biography (in Czech)
 Spacefacts biography of <mask> <mask>

Czechoslovak cosmonauts
Foreign Heroes of the Soviet Union
1948 births
Living people
Politicians from České Budějovice
Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia MEPs
MEPs for the Czech Republic 2004–2009
MEPs for the Czech Republic 2009–2014
Ambassadors of the Czech Republic to Russia
Heroes of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czechoslovak Air Force officers
Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union alumni
Astronaut-politicians
Salyut program cosmonauts
Recipients of the Order of the White Lion

masks:
Vladimír Remek
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title: Glenn Brenner

texts:
<mask> (January 2, 1948 – January 14, 1992) was a broadcast journalist and sports commentator in Washington, D.C., in the United States from 1977 to 1991. He was best known as the sports anchor for WUSA-TV from 1977 until 1991. At the time of his death in 1992 from a brain tumor, he was not only the most highly paid broadcast journalist in Washington but also the most popular broadcaster in the D.C. metropolitan area. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born on January 2, 1948, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Bill and <mask>. At the age of four, he wanted to be a major league baseball player. Brenner attended Abraham Lincoln High School. By the time he was in his senior year, however, basketball seemed to be in Brenner's future, as he was already  tall.He led his high school basketball team to 26 straight victories. In his senior year in 1965, Lincoln High School lost the city championship game to Bishop Neumann High School, 75 to 66. Baseball remained Brenner's dream, however. Even though he only had one good pitch (a fastball), the New York Mets signed him to a minor league contract after he graduated from high school. He played for the Marion Mets in the Appalachian League, and eventually was brought up to play Class AA baseball. But in 1969, Brenner hurt his arm while playing in the Florida Instructional League, and the Mets sold him to the Philadelphia Phillies. He played Class AAA baseball in the Mexican League, but continuing problems with his throwing arm forced him to quit baseball in 1972.Brenner knew early that he was not going to have much of a career in professional baseball. While still playing with the Mets, coach Birdie Tebbetts watched him pitch a terrible game. When Tebbetts came out to the mound, Brenner asked him what was wrong. Tebbetts replied, "Horse-spit pitcher"—and Brenner knew his time in the big leagues was finished. While playing minor league baseball, Brenner attended Temple University and then Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia. He graduated from Saint Joseph's with a bachelor's degree in political science and Communication studies. Early broadcasting career
Brenner sold cars for a few months before turning to sports broadcasting after leaving the Phillies.His first job was with radio station WMVB in Millville, New Jersey. He read an advertisement for the position, and applied. He later said, "I lied so bad to get that first job. I told the boss I was an announcer from Philadelphia, and he took that to mean I was a Philadelphia announcer. I had never even been inside a radio station." Brenner was paid $79 a week, and commuted from Philadelphia to Millville very day. The lasted only a short period of time, and Brenner moved to New Haven, Connecticut, to seek work.After living there only a short time, he returned to Philadelphia and joined radio station WFIL, where he worked for two years as a news reporter and in promotions. Brenner turned to sportscasting in 1975, and took a position at WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia. Brenner's big break came in 1976, when he joined KYW-TV in Philadelphia. Brenner developed his on-air personality during his stint at KYW, becoming well known for his humor and irreverence. He often called the scoreboard the "boreboard", and made jokes about himself, sports teams, and athletes on the air (much to management's discomfort). In one well-known incident, KYW introduced a flashy, high-technology set that resembled the bridge of the Starship Enterprise. When the news anchor turned to Brenner to ask for the sports report, Brenner stood and announced, "We, the jury, find the defendant not guilty!"The angry news director resolved to fire Brenner as soon as a replacement could be found. Career at WUSA
KYW's news director happened to know Jim Snyder, the news director at WTOP-TV (as WUSA was then known) in Washington, D.C. He mentioned Brenner's on-air stunt, and told Snyder that Brenner would be let go in a short time. Intrigued with Brenner's on-air personality, Snyder reviewed tapes of Brenner's work and liked what he saw. WTOP-TV was seeking a new sports anchor to replace local sports broadcaster Warner Wolf, who had left the WTOP-TV for a job with ABC Sports. The station had hired Mike Wolfe as the weeknight sportscaster, while weekend duties were held by Klaus Wagner. But Wagner wasn't working out, and WTOP-TV declined to renew his one-year contract.<mask> made his D.C. debut on March 4, 1977. Wolfe was fired on March 22, and <mask> appointed his replacement. Wolfe adopted a very macho and aggressive style on the air, including an unbuttoned dress shirt and a "take it or shove it" attitude towards fans and athletes that grated on many viewers. When evening news ratings began to decline, the station dismissed Wolfe with nine months left in his contract. <mask> was named the weeknight sportscaster. Brenner's on-air style was to mix humor with sports. He told The Washington Post, "I'm talking to a group of people who are not that interested in what I have to say.They've proven that statistically. So what I want to do is keep their interest. And the way I can best do that is to relate to them." One of his signature bits included the "Weenie of the Week", in which he poked fun at bombastic professional athletes or unsportsmanlike behavior. When egotistical athletes did things which embarrassed others, Brenner often took them to task during the "Weenie of the Week" segment. In November 1987, Washington Redskins football players Clarence Verdin and Ricky Sanders performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Madison Square Garden (forgetting the words and singing off-key) on Veterans Day; Brenner mixed footage of their performance with footage of actress Pia Zadora similarly mangling the national anthem at a National Basketball Association game. Hundreds of angry fans complained, and Brenner apologized at both the 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. newscasts the next day.But he refused to read an additional statement on the air, and was given a one-day suspension. Jibes at athletes, sports team owners, and others were common during Brenner's career, and yet he was so respected and well-liked that few people ever became angry with him. Another of Brenner's gimmicks was his Friday night "mystery picker"—a local or national celebrity who would be asked to pick winners of various athletic contests. Among the "mystery pickers" were CBS News co-anchor Connie Chung, former Washington Redskins quarterback Sonny Jurgensen, boxer Sugar Ray Leonard, CBS News anchor Dan Rather, comedian Paul Reubens, Redskins quarterback Mark Rypien, actor William Shatner, singing group The Temptations, and local nun Sister Marie Louise Kirkland. Sister Marie Louise turned out to be a phenomenally good sports prognosticator, and Brenner's repeated use of her became an international story. People magazine made it a cover story. Viewers also enjoyed Brenner's banter with WTOP-TV news anchor Gordon Peterson, an authoritative figure in a three-piece suit with much on-air gravitas.Brenner often ribbed Peterson for his lifelong support of the also-ran Boston Red Sox major league baseball team. <mask> and Peterson became best of friends, and their jokes at one another's expense became local legend. One of Peterson's favorite bits was to keep speaking, using up the five minutes allotted to Brenner for sports news. Brenner would be forced to read the sports news as fast as he could, and then collapsed on the desk as if exhausted. In another common gag, Brenner would turn to Peterson and say, "You can ask me anything you want because you're the anchor"—at which point Petersen would attempt to stump Brenner with sports trivia or ask some embarrassing question. Later at WTOP-TV, Brenner invented "Encore Wednesday". Since sports news was slow during mid-week, Brenner decided to highlight great sports moments each Wednesday night as a means of filling time and giving sports fans knowledge about their sport's great moments.Brenner also moved beyond nightly news. In the early 1980s, Brenner teamed with former Redskins quarterback Sonny Jurgensen to host the popular Redskins Sidelines Sunday afternoon sports show, which focused on the Redskins football team. Brenner became one of the city's most popular broadcasters. His fans included President Ronald Reagan (himself a former sportscaster), Reagan's successor as president, George H. W. Bush, his wife Barbara, and CBS News anchor Dan Rather. In 1981, Brenner signed a contract with what was by then WDVM-TV (which WTOP-TV had changed its call letters to on June 26, 1978) that paid him $750,000 a year, paid his children's college tuition, and included a $1 million life insurance policy. The long-term contract was believed by The Washington Post to be a record for both the high level of pay and benefits as well as the long number of years it covered. On July 4, 1986, WDVM-TV changed its call letters to WUSA.Brenner signed a five-year contract with WUSA in 1991 which paid him almost $1 million a year. The contract included a deferred salary, and paid his children's college tuition. Brenner was nominated for and won numerous Associated Press and United Press International local broadcasting awards. The National Association of Sportswriters and Sportscasters named him "Washington Sportscaster of the Year" in 1989 and 1990. Death
On November 3, 1991, Brenner participated in the Marine Corps Marathon in Washington, D.C. He fell ill after crossing the finish line, and his physicians diagnosed a "vascular event". Two blood vessels in his head had ruptured and he had numbness on his left side, slight slurring of speech, and double vision.His doctors at George Washington University Hospital ruled out a stroke, however. Brenner began physical therapy. But on November 17, 1991, The Washington Post reported that Brenner's doctor, Arthur I. Kobrine, confirmed the broadcaster had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage. He underwent an MR angiogram and a radiographical angiogram, but neither showed anything abnormal. Brenner's physical condition initially improved. He was released from the hospital after Thanskgiving. He began to regain use of his left arm, he was walking again, and the double vision had largely gone away.Although he was expected to return to the air in early January, Brenner began suffering from vomiting and dizziness. WUSA said he would not return to the air for another four to six weeks. On Friday, January 10, 1992, Brenner's physical condition declined rapidly and he was taken to George Washington University Hospital. An MRI later that day revealed a large mass in the brainstem. At 9:30 a.m. on January 11, surgeons operated on Brenner for four hours and discovered an inoperable malignant brain tumor. Bleeding in the brain had masked the tumor in previous exams. His prognosis was "poor," and he was listed in critical condition.On Sunday, January 12, the Washington Redskins dedicated their NFC Championship game to Brenner. The Redskins handily defeated the Detroit Lions, 41-to-10, and went on to win Super Bowl XXVI two weeks later. Redskins coach Joe Gibbs brought the Championship game ball to Brenner in the hospital. <mask> died at 7:58 a.m. on Tuesday, January 14, 1992 (just 12 days after his 44th birthday) at George Washington University Hospital. WUSA aired a half-hour special that night covering his career. Many citizens in the D.C. area were in shock for several days. President George H. W. Bush issued a statement upon Brenner's death, which said, "Barbara and I are greatly saddened by the untimely death of <mask>, a man whose wit and ability has endeared him to so many Washingtonians.The suddenness of his death, and the warmth of his personality, leave all of us with a painful emptiness." Former President Ronald Reagan also issued a statement, in which he said, "Today the entire Washington community mourns the loss of <mask>, a dear friend to all of us who knew him. He truly was a broadcasting great, bringing sports to life with his talent and dedication. <mask> set a wonderful example by his constant involvement in local causes and displayed a real concern for his community." Brenner's funeral was held at National Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C. on January 17, 1992. More than 1,500 mourners attended. He was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in the Georgetown neighborhood of the city.Legacy
In a 2010 retrospective, former WTTG and WUSA sportscaster Brett Haber noted that Brenner was well known outside the mid-Atlantic region. Brenner also continued to be the standard to which all regional sports broadcasters aspired, even 18 years after his death. The Washington City Paper said that sportscaster George Michael might have been better-known nationwide due to his George Michael's Sports Machine, but that Michael remained the Salieri to Brenner's Mozart. The newspaper's Dave McKenna noted, "I worshipped Brenner. Everybody I knew around here when Brenner was on the air worshipped the guy." The Washington, D.C. chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences named its <mask>ner Award for Excellence in Sportscasting after him. References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

1948 births
1992 deaths
American television sports announcers
Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
Deaths from brain tumor
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.Neurological disease deaths in Washington, D.C.
Saint Joseph's University alumni
Television anchors from Washington, D.C.

masks:
Glenn Brenner
Glenn Brenner
Edie Brenner
Brenner
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Glenn Brenner
Glenn Brenner
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Glenn Bren


title: David Berg

texts:
<mask> (February 18, 1919October 1, 1994), also known as <mask>, Mo, <mask>, <mask>, Dad, or Grandpa to followers, was the founder and leader of the new religious movement currently known as The Family International. <mask>'s group, founded in 1968 among the counterculture youth in Southern California, gained notoriety for incorporating sexuality into its spiritual message and recruitment methods. <mask> and his organization have subsequently been accused of a broad range of sexual misconduct, including child sexual abuse. Life

Family heritage
<mask> often said that his rich heritage played a key role in shaping his character and religious convictions. Many of his forefathers, as well as both of his parents, were deeply committed Christians. Some of them were members of the Dunkards, a conservative offshoot of the Church of the Brethren. State persecution of the sect drove the Brandt family from Germany to America, where they settled in Pennsylvania and Ohio around 1750.His maternal grandfather was Rev. John Lincoln Brandt (1860–1946), a Disciples of Christ minister, author, and lecturer of Muskogee, Oklahoma. John Lincoln Brandt, <mask>'s grandfather, had a dramatic conversion in his mid-twenties and immediately entered full-time Christian service. For years he was a Methodist circuit rider. He later became a leader of the Alexander Campbell movement of the Disciples of Christ, a restoration movement that developed into the current Protestant denomination Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Early years (1919–1969)
<mask> was born on February 18, 1919 in Oakland, California. He was the youngest of three children of Hjalmer <mask> and Rev.Virginia Lee Brandt, both parents were Christian evangelists. His father was Swedish. <mask>'s mother Virginia Brandt <mask>, is the individual whom he credited for influencing him the most. Although raised in a Christian home, Virginia became an atheist and wild society girl during her college years. However, shortly after the birth of her first child, she broke her back in an accident and spent the next five years disabled and bedridden, often hovering near death. Eventually she recovered and spent the rest of her life with her husband, Hjalmer, in active Christian service as a pastor and evangelist. Virginia and Hjalmer were no strangers to controversy.They were expelled from the Disciples of Christ after publicly testifying of her "divine healing", which was contrary to church doctrine. They subsequently joined a new denomination, the Christian and Missionary Alliance, shortly before <mask>'s birth. In later years, their missionary zeal and disdain for denominational politicking often set them at variance with the conservative faction of that church's hierarchy, causing them to work largely as independent pastors and evangelists. <mask> wrote that he was physically abused by a German nurse and sexually abused by a Mexican babysitter when he was age three. <mask> spent his early years traveling with his parents, who pursued their evangelical mission with a passion. In 1924, they settled in Miami, Florida, after Virginia successfully led a series of large revivals at the Miami Gospel Tabernacle. This became <mask>'s home for the next 14 years, while his mother and father were pastors at a number of Miami churches.As is the case with many pastors and their dependents, the <mask> family depended entirely on the generosity of their parishioners for their support, and often had difficulty making ends meet. This instilled in <mask> a lifelong habit of frugality, which he encouraged his followers to adopt. In the late 1930s, <mask> returned to her favorite ministry, that of a traveling evangelist. <mask> accompanied her, and for most of the next 10 years acted as her chauffeur, song leader, and general assistant. <mask> graduated from Monterey High School in 1935 and later attended Elliott School of Business Administration. Like his father, <mask> became a minister in the Christian and Missionary Alliance, and was placed at Valley Farms, Arizona. <mask> was eventually expelled from the organization for differences in teachings and for alleged sexual misconduct with a church employee.In <mask>'s writings he claimed the expulsion was due to his support for greater racial diversity among his congregation. Fred Jordan, <mask>'s friend and boss, allowed <mask> and his personal family to open and run a branch of his Soul Clinic in Miami, Florida as a missionary training school. After running into trouble with local authorities for his aggressive disapproval with evolution being taught as fact in public schools, <mask> moved his family to Fred Jordan's Texas Soul Clinic, in Western Texas. The Children of God/The Family (1968–1994)
<mask>, along with his wife and children, founded the organization known as the Teens for Christ in Huntington Beach, California in 1968. While in California, after receiving strong resistance from local churches due to his followers picketing them, he took the whole group of about 40 people "on the road." It was while they were camped in Louis and Clark Park that a news reporter first called them "The Children of God." In January of 1970, <mask> went to his former employer, Fred Jordan, to beg for the use of his training camp near Thurber, Texas, about 100 miles west of Dallas.The group grew and began to spread as news stations reported the activity and many came to the camp to see the spectacle. In the mid-70's, <mask> began preparing his followers for a "revelation" he had about "Flirty Fishing" or winning important, influential men through prostitution. In 1975, after letting everyone know via one of his letters that his mistress, Maria, gave birth to a Jesus baby, <mask> changed the name to "The Family of Love" or "The Family." Eventually, this was changed to "The Family International." <mask> called on his followers to devote their full-time to spreading the message of Jesus' love and salvation as far and wide as possible, unfettered by convention or tradition, and to teach others to do the same. In the early 1970s, he sent out a letter saying all members should tithe. His reasoning was that all pastors receive tithes from their church and since he was providing them with his "Wonder Working Words," that group members were obligated to read, that they should tithe to his office.<mask> decried what he described as the deadness of America's churches and decay of moral values in Western society. He viewed the trend towards a New World Order as setting the stage for the rise of the Antichrist. <mask> lived in seclusion, communicating with his followers and the public via nearly 3,000 "Mo Letters" ("Mo" from his pseudonym "<mask>") that he wrote on a wide variety of subjects. These typically covered spiritual or practical subjects and were used as a way of disseminating and introducing policy and religious doctrine to his followers. <mask>'s letters admonished the reader to "love the sinner but hate the sin." His writings were often extreme and uncompromising in their denunciation of what he believed to be evil, such as mainstream churches, pedophilia laws, capitalism, and Jews. A core message to The Family's doctrine of sexual sharing was expressed in a 1980 Mo Letter - "The Devil Hates Sex!- But God Loves It!". This attitude was supported and made easier to digest by the counterculture and sexual liberation of the time, but was defined in The Family by <mask>'s pedophilia. He espoused doctrines that mainstream Christians denounce as heretical, including encouraging adultery as being what he called "revolutionary." Death and legacy
<mask> had been in hiding since 1971 and died in November 1994 in Portugal. He was buried in Costa de Caparica and his remains have since been cremated. After his death in 1994, his wife Karen Zerby (aka <mask>) led The Family, and there were 6,000 adults and 3,000 children as members of The Family worldwide, in 50 countries. There were investigations of The Family for child abuse, and prostitution in Argentina, France, Spain, Australia, Venezuela, and Peru.Controversy
<mask> has been accused of leading a cult which promoted assaults on children and sexual abuse of women and children for decades. Former members have told their stories in widely disseminated media reports, though official inquiries at the time found no evidence of child abuse. <mask> was also personally accused of pedophilia. He recalled in his letters how he was taught to masturbate in church by another boy his age. When his mother caught him, he was forced to masturbate in front of his father. Oftentimes <mask> would explicitly describe his sexual preferences and recalled that one thing he regretted was that he never slept with his mother. In a child custody case in the United Kingdom <mask>'s granddaughter, <mask>, testified that <mask> sexually molested her when she was a young teenager.Another of <mask>'s granddaughters, Joyanne Treadwell <mask>, spoke on American television about being sexually abused by <mask>. <mask>'s adopted son, Ricky Rodriguez, wrote an article on the web site MovingOn.org in which he describes <mask>'s sexual activity involving a number of women and children. <mask> Kelley, the daughter of Rodriguez's nanny, Sarah Kelley, accused <mask> of molesting her in a June 2005 Rolling Stone article. In the same article, a woman identified as Armendria alleged that <mask> sexually abused her when she was 13 years old. <mask>'s pedophillic actions extended beyond his personal victims, affecting many children in The Family as child sexual abuse became organised with child sexual abuse material (child pornography) created in alignment with <mask>'s instructions. <mask>'s institutionalisation of pedophilia and sexual abuse was also described in Not Without My Sister, an autobiographical recount of the sexual abuse of three sisters who eventually escaped The Family. The book describes videos being taken of very young children engaging in sexually explicit activities for <mask>'s consumption, even as a method for his choosing of child brides.Serena Kelley was one of <mask>'s child brides and was presented by her mother at age 3 to be selected. His distant Jewish ancestry notwithstanding—in 1745, one of his mother's forebears, Jewish by birth but a Christian convert, moved to the American colonies and lived as a Mennonite—<mask> was outspokenly anti-Semitic, believing that the Jews were responsible for the death of Jesus, as well as all persecution of Christians in the world. In support of his views of an international Jewish conspiracy, he cited the forged Protocols of the Elders of Zion, but disclaimed the label "anti-Semitic". <mask> predicted several apocalyptic events that did not occur. His best-known prediction was that the comet Kohoutek (1974) would wreak havoc and possible destruction. This prediction was shared by others outside The Family, such as Joseph F. Goodavage in the January 1974 issue of SAGA magazine. He also predicted that California would imminently fall into the ocean, the Great Tribulation would begin in 1989, and the Second Coming of Jesus would happen in 1993.<mask> lived in seclusion and apart from the main body of his followers. Due to his obsession with secrecy, until his death, any photos of him appearing in the group's publications had his face covered with pencil drawings, often depicting him as an anthropomorphic lion. Personal family
<mask> married his first wife, Jane Miller (known as "Mother Eve" in the Children of God), on July 22, 1944 in Glendale, California. They had four children together: Linda (known as "Deborah" in the Children of God); Paul, d. April 1973 (known as "Aaron" in the Children of God); Jonathan Emanuel (known as "Hosea" in the Children of God); and Faith. <mask> married his second wife Karen Zerby, who also went by the name <mask>. <mask> informally adopted Ricky Rodriguez, the son of his second wife (and present leader of The Family) Karen Zerby. In the 1970s and 1980s, sexually suggestive photographic depictions of Rodriguez (aka "<mask>") with adult caretakers were disseminated throughout the group by <mask> and Zerby in a childrearing handbook known as The Story of Davidito.In January 2005, Ricky Rodriguez murdered one of the female caretakers shown in the handbook before taking his own life several hours later. Sociological views
The sociologist Thomas Robbins argued that <mask>'s leadership of the Children of God was based on charismatic authority. Media featuring <mask>
 Children of God, Documentary, Directed by John Smithson, 1994
Cult Killer, documentary on Ricky Rodriguez and child abuse within The Family International
A&E's Cults and Extreme Belief, episode 3 (2018) is about <mask>, the Children of God, its victims, and the survivors. References

External links

1919 births
1994 deaths
20th-century apocalypticists
American people of Swedish descent
Christian and Missionary Alliance
The Family International
Founders of new religious movements
Members of The Family International

masks:
David Brandt Berg
King David
Moses David
Father David
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Moses David
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Maria Berg
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