title: Christopher Samba

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<mask> (born 28 March 1984), known as <mask>, is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. Born in France, he played for the Congo national team. Club career

Early career
Born in the Parisian suburb of Créteil, <mask> began his career with French Ligue 2 club Sedan, having previously played for D’Issy-les-Moulineaux and Rouen. As a result, he left Créteil in his youth to move to Sedan. At one point, <mask> played in a striker position before switching to a centre–back position. After progressing through the ranks of the Sedan's Academy, he made his debut for the club in the opening game of the season against FC Istres, starting a match before being sent–off in the 57th minute, in a 2–0 loss. However, after making two more appearances for the side, <mask> suffered an adductors injury that kept him out for the rest of the 2003–04 season.His injury cost him his chance of earning his professional contract at Sedan and was released by the club at the end of the 2003–04 season. Hertha BSC
Following his release by Sedan, <mask> revealed that he "had lots of trials with clubs during that time, but none of them came off". He also said: "I had no club and I had to train by myself for a long period of time. I was 19 years old. I had to recover from the injury myself without a physio, no money. For six months I did not have a club and I was just training. I went to small teams like Rouen who did not even want to let me train with them."Eventually, <mask> was signed by Berlin-based club Hertha BSC of the German Bundesliga after being scouted while on international duty at Congo. Immediately after signing for Hertha BSC, <mask> was assigned to Hertha BSC II. After making his Hertha BSC II debut, he then scored his first goal for the reserve side, in a 5–2 win against Preußen Münster on 27 March 2005. <mask> later scored two more goals in the 2004–05 season, scoring against Borussia Dortmund II and Wuppertaler SV. At the end of the 2004–05 season, he went on to make sixteen appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2005–06 season, <mask> was called up to the first team for the first team and trained with the senior players at the pre–season training camp. He made his first team debut for Hertha BSC, coming on in the 86th minute and played for the rest of the game, as they beat TuS Koblenz in the first round of the DFB Cup.Seven days later on 26 August 2005, <mask> made his league debut for the club, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute, in a 3–0 loss against Bayern Munich. Since making his debut for the club, <mask> appeared in the first team, mostly coming from the substitute bench. But <mask> often returned to play for the Hertha BSC II and scored once in twelve appearances. It was announced on 18 March 2006 that he signed a contract extension with the club, keeping him until 2008. However, as the 2005–06 season progressed, <mask> suffered a hamstring injury that kept him out for the rest of the season. Despite this, he went on to make twelve appearances for the senior team in all competitions. In the 2006–07 season, <mask> continued to appear in the first team, mostly coming from the substitute bench.However throughout his time at Hertha BSC, he struggled to break into the Hertha first team and desired a move elsewhere in the January transfer window. Blackburn Rovers
Having desire to move elsewhere, <mask> was invited by Mark Hughes to undertake a five-day trial at Blackburn Rovers. He quickly made an impression at the trial that Hughes wanted to sign him. Two days later on 25 January 2007, he completed a transfer to Blackburn Rovers of the Premier League, signing a three-and-a-half year deal for £450,000 and taking the number 21 shirt. <mask> made his Blackburn Rovers debut against Luton Town in the FA Cup Fourth Round as a 69th-minute substitute for Ryan Nelsen, as they won 4–0. Two days later on 31 January 2007, he made his Premiership debut on 31 January against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in a 3–0 defeat. Since making his debut for the club, <mask> quickly became a first team regular for the side.On 17 March 2007, he scored his first goal for Blackburn Rovers against West Ham United with a header in the 47th minute, coming in the 1–2 defeat at Ewood Park. <mask> then scored his second goal for the club in a 3–1 victory over Watford at Ewood Park on 18 April 2007, playing the full 90 minutes with Ryan Nelsen at the centre of defence. Since making his debut for Blackburn Rovers, he quickly became a fan favourite among supporters and was named Newcomer of the Year Awards at the club's award ceremony. At the end of the 2006–07 season, he made 19 appearances, scoring two goals in fourteen Premier League games. Following <mask>'s performances in his debut season, <mask> established himself as a starter in the 2007–08 season and was given number 4 shirt. At the start of the 2007–08 season, he played in both legs of the third round of the UEFA Intertoto Cup match against FK Vėtra, scoring in the second leg, as they won 6–0 on aggregate. After missing a UEFA Cup against AEL Larissa, <mask> returned to the starting line–up against Portsmouth on 23 September 2007, which they lost 1–0.On 22 October 2007, Blackburn announced <mask> had signed a new long-term contract keeping him at the club until the summer of 2012. Six days later on 28 October 2007, he scored a last-minute strike to give the club a 2–1 win against Tottenham Hotspur. Since the start of the season, <mask> appeared in every league match until he missed two separate matches in December, due to suspension and then was given a compassionate leave. <mask> then scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Bolton Wanderers on 12 January 2008. He later missed three matches, due to suspension, including his sending off against Wigan Athletic on 16 March 2008 for a tug on Emile Heskey. Despite this, <mask> regained his first team place for the rest of the season. At one point during a 2–1 loss against West Ham United, he was involved in altercation with teammate David Dunn after conceding the equalising and the argument carried on in the dressing room at half-time.After the match, Manager Hughes commented about the argument, acknowledging the frustration taking place in a game. At the end of the 2007–08 season, <mask> made a total of forty–one appearances and scoring three goals in all competitions. At the start of the 2008–09 season, <mask> continued to form a centre–back partnership with Nelsen. However, during a 4–1 loss against West Ham United on 30 August 2008, he scored an own goal in the 20th minute to give the opposition team a 2–0 lead. Almost a month later on 27 September 2008, <mask> was able to make amends when he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Newcastle United. Since the start of the season, <mask> started in every match until he missed out against Middlesbrough on 25 October 2008, due to a concussion. But <mask> was able to return to the starting line–up four days later on 29 October 2008, in a 3–2 loss against Aston Villa.Two weeks later on 15 November 2008, he scored his second league goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Sunderland. Three months later on 15 February 2009, <mask> scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against Coventry City in the fifth round of the FA Cup. Although recognised predominantly as a defender, <mask> made several appearances as a striker in the latter stages of the 2008–09 season. On 4 April 2009, with Blackburn losing 1–0 against Tottenham Hotspur, he started the second half up front. Blackburn went on to win 2–1, with manager Sam Allardyce claiming <mask>'s impact as "key to victory." During the next league match against Liverpool at Anfield on 11 April, he again started as a lone striker, with natural striker Benni McCarthy left on the bench. <mask> continued to play as a striker in the next match against Wigan Athletic in the 2–0 win for Blackburn.For his performance, he was awarded Performance of the Season at the club's award ceremony. By the end of the season, <mask> had made thirty–nine appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2009–10 season, <mask> was linked a move away from Blackburn Rovers, with clubs around Europe interested in signing him, but both Manager Sam Allardyce and the player, himself, dismissed of him leaving the club. He continued to start the season, regaining his first team place in the centre–back position. <mask> scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season against Aston Villa on 26 September 2009. However, he was sidelined on two separate occasions throughout October. Despite this, <mask> signed a new five-year contract with the club.Shortly after signing a contract extension, local newspaper The Lancashire Telegraph reported that <mask> "must go down as one of the bargains in Premier League history". He then scored on his 100th Premier League start in a 2–0 victory over Fulham at Ewood Park on 17 January 2010. Three days later on 20 January 2010, however, <mask> was sent–off in the 39th minute for unprofessional conduct, as Blackburn Rovers lost 6–4 to Aston Villa in the second leg of the League Cup semi–finals. After serving one match suspension, he was sent–off for a second bookable offence, in a 3–0 loss against Stoke City on 6 February 2010. After serving a two match suspension, <mask> returned to the starting line–up, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against Liverpool on 28 February 2010. He then netted his third league goal of the 2009–10 season on 13 March 2010 against in a 1–3 defeat to Tottenham at White Hart Lane. <mask> featured for the next five matches before suffering an injury and was substituted in the 33rd minute during a 0–0 draw against Manchester United on 11 April 2010.On 3 May 2010, <mask> scored the winning goal as Rovers beat Arsenal 2–1 at Ewood Park. He was also picked as captain for the game, despite club captain Ryan Nelsen and vice-captain David Dunn both starting. For his performance, <mask> was awarded the Unsung Hero at the club's award ceremony. At the end of the 2009–10 season, <mask> went on to make thirty–three appearances and scoring four times in all competitions. At the start of the 2010–11 season, <mask> captained the side in the opening game of the season against Everton and helped them win 1–0. He continued to regain his first team place in the centre–back position. <mask> was appointed club captain for the 2010–11 season, with Nelsen moving to vice-captain.During a 1–1 draw against Manchester City on 13 September 2010, his performance earned him a Man of the Match Award for his impressive display after helping the opposition team keep the match a draw, "including last ditch block from Jô's close range effort". Five days later on 18 September 2010, he scored his first goal of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Fulham. <mask> started in every match until he was sent–off in the 45th minute, in a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 18 October 2010. After serving a one match suspension, <mask> returned to the starting line–up, in a 2–1 loss against Chelsea on 30 October 2010. He then scored his second league goal of the season, in a 7–1 loss against Manchester United on 27 November 2010. During a 1–1 draw against West Ham United on 17 December 2010, <mask> suffered an injury and was substituted in the 57th minute, leading him to be sidelined for weeks. While on the sidelines, he was stripped of the captaincy by new manager Steve Kean on 26 December after announcing his desire to leave Blackburn.Shortly after, <mask> has his captaincy role returned following talks with Manager Kean. Despite having his captaincy role back, he still maintain his desire to leave Blackburn Rovers. Amid the transfer speculation, <mask> returned to the starting line–up from injury, in a 3–1 win against Liverpool on 5 January 2011. <mask> signed a new four-and-a-half year deal on 2 February 2011 after the contract talks began the previous month. Three day later on 5 February 2011, he scored his third goal of the season, in a 4–3 loss against Wigan Athletic. After missing a match against Aston Villa on 26 February 2011, due to an illness, <mask> then scored his fourth goal of the season a month later on 14 March 2011, in a 2–2 draw against Blackpool. He continued to regain his first team place for the rest of the season despite suffering from injuries along the way.<mask> captained Rovers in their 3–2 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux in the last Premier League match of the campaign to finish 15th place in the Premier League table and was shown with all the fans on the pitch at the final whistle. At the end of the campaign, he made 36 appearances and scored four goals in all competitions. Ahead of the 2011–12 season, <mask> continued to be linked a move away from Blackburn Rovers, but no offers were made for him throughout the summer transfer window and stayed at the club. He previously stated the previous April about leaving Blackburn Rovers in the summer transfer window. However, <mask> missed the first two Premier League fixtures, due to a groin injury. He played his first game of the season on 27 August 2011, playing the full 90 minutes alongside Gaël Givet in the 0–1 defeat against Everton at Ewood Park. On 11 September 2011, <mask> started alongside debut centre back Scott Dann in a 1–1 draw against Fulham at Craven Cottage but played 45 minutes due to a back injury and was substituted as a result.But he recovered and made his return to the starting line–up, playing the whole game alongside Dann in a 4–3 victory over Arsenal at Ewood Park. Since returning, <mask> continued to regain his first team place, forming a partnership with Dann and resuming his captaincy role. It wasn't until on 15 October 2011 when <mask> scored his first goal of 2011–12 season against Queens Park Rangers in a 1–1 draw. He scored his second goal against Norwich City in a 3–3 draw on 29 October 2011. However, during a 1–0 loss against Chelsea on 5 November 2011, <mask> suffered a hamstring injury and was substituted at half time, leading him to be sidelined throughout November. It wasn't until on 3 December 2011 when he returned to the starting line–up against Swansea City and set up the club's third goal of the game, in a 4–3 win. <mask> set up two goals in the next two matches against Sunderland and West Bromwich Albion.Manager Kean felt that <mask> has been treated unfairly by referees in a number of matches, due to his physical presence. On 31 December 2011, <mask> was part of the squad that recorded a win against Manchester United, defeating Alex Ferguson's side at Old Trafford 2–3. A foul on <mask> in the penalty area by Dimitar Berbatov resulted in Blackburn being awarded a penalty which Blackburn scored. By the time he left the club, <mask> went on to make seventeen appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. The following, <mask> handed in a transfer request following a bid from Queens Park Rangers, which was rejected. On 14 January, <mask> missed Blackburn's victory over Fulham, though manager Steve Kean attributed this to a stomach virus. On 17 January 2012, Blackburn turned down <mask>'s transfer request and issued a statement saying that the Rovers captain was not for sale.The player, himself, issued a statement the previous day, saying, "In my five years at Blackburn Rovers I have always given 100% in every game I have played. I have had several opportunities to leave but I have always stayed. I have decided now is the right time for me to pursue a new challenge and I have asked the club to respect my decision and allow me to leave. I thank the fans for their support and I hope they feel I have served them and their club well." <mask> continued issuing a statement to leave the club, citing not "100 per cent for the club" anymore. As a result, he was dropped from the starting line–up and never played for the side again. By the time <mask> left the club, he made 185 appearances and scoring 18 times in all competitions.<mask> said about his departure, saying: "Blackburn is still in my heart; it was a big part of my life. I am sorry where they are now. It was very difficult, but then Steve Kean was doing quite well in the Championship and they sacked him. Now they have sacked Henning Berg. The main thing: I am sorry for the fans. We had a good identity together, and now they have lost a bit of that identity". <mask> also credited both Manager Hughes and Allardyce as the two managers, who played a major role in his football career.Anzhi Makhachkala

On 24 February 2012, <mask> completed a move to Russian club Anzhi Makhachkala on a four-year deal for an undisclosed fee thought to be in the region of £12.3 million, with a salary of £100,000 per week. Following his move to Russia, he was given the number 22 shirt. Upon joining the club, <mask> said the move was unexpected, yet a new challenge in his career and a new experience. <mask> made his debut for Anzhi on 5 March 2012, with the team defeating Dynamo Moscow 1–0, therefore keeping a clean sheet. After the match, he was named Matchday 33’s Team of the Week. Since making his debut for the club, <mask> quickly established himself in the starting eleven, forming a partnership with João Carlos. His performance earned him the club's Player of the Month for March.He scored his first goal for

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title: Christopher Samba

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 the team on 6 May 2012 in the 3–1 home win over Rubin Kazan in a Russian Premier League match. After the match, <mask> was named Matchday 43’s Team of the Week. Despite missing two matches during the 2011–12 season, he went on to make ten appearances and scored once in all competitions. At the start of the 2012–13 season, <mask> helped the club keep six clean sheets and progress to the UEFA Europa League Group Stage after beating the teams of Budapest Honvéd, Vitesse and AZ Alkmaar. He also started the season as well in the league, assisting two goals in the first two league matches against Kuban Krasnodar and FC Rostov. It wasn't until on 2 September 2012 when he scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss against Krylia Sovetov Samara. <mask> continued to regain his first team place, playing in the centre–back position.Two months later on 4 November 2012, he scored his second goal of the season, in a 3–1 win against Terek Grozny. Three weeks later on 22 November 2012, <mask> scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Udinese to qualify for the UEFA Europa League Knockout Stage. However, during the match, he received a heavy blow to the head and was sidelined as a result. It wasn't until on 2 December 2012 when <mask> returned to the starting line–up and helped the side win 2–0 against CSKA Moscow. By the time he departed Anzhi Makhachkala in January, <mask> went on to make twenty–nine appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. First Racism incident in Russia

During a match between Anzhi and Lokomotiv Moscow on 17 March 2012, which Lokomotiv won 1–0, a crowd at Lokomotiv allegedly threw a banana at <mask> after the match. In response, <mask> threw the banana back into the crowd, which he expressed regret in doing.<mask> spoke out saying that he was saddened by the incident happening close to children. "I am very sad that this happened in front of children who were sitting in the same stand," the Congo international told reporters after the game. "It is a really bad example for them." Following the incident, Anzhi issued a statement, describing the action of the banana throwing as "idiotic." This banana incident thrown at <mask> led Sergey Fursenko, the president of the Russian Football Union (RFS), to promise that the authorities are already investigating the incident to identify the person who threw the banana at <mask>chkala and Lokomotiv) issued a joint statement, vowing to find the fan who racially abused <mask> and publicly punish him. However, Anzhi Makhachkala have publicly criticised Lokomotiv's "interference" after the club claimed its fans did not throw a banana at Samba, with Anzhi's Vice-President German Chistyakov saying, "It seems FC Lokomotiv is trying to interfere in the investigation... We are confident this is nothing but an absolute nonsense and foolishness."On 30 March 2012, the Russian Football Union confirmed the authorities had identified the thrower and that the thrower is a college student from Moscow. After weeks of the banana racism, <mask> vowed to stay at Anzhi despite racism. <mask> said:

Nine months after incident, <mask> spoke out on racism, accusing Zenit Saint Petersburg supporters, specifically a small group of Zenit fans who are openly against homosexual or non-white players playing for Zenit, as racist and described their actions as "living in another century." But he later clarified the interview, regarding the club's supporters, saying: "I have no personal complaints against the fans of Zenit Saint Petersburg. Some groups of fans scare me. And not only this, but also other clubs that are negatively opposed to black players". Queens Park Rangers
On 31 January 2013, <mask> joined Queens Park Rangers for a reported fee of £12.5 million, signing a four-and-a-half year deal.Following his transfer move, QPR manager Harry Redknapp commented that "Chris is just what we need. He's a monster. Great in the air, quick, a leader, strong, fantastic in both boxes, hard as nails. He's a proper centre-half. He was willing to take a massive pay cut." <mask> made his Queens Park Rangers debut, starting the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against Norwich City on 2 February 2013. Since making his debut for the club, he quickly established himself in the starting eleven, playing in the centre–back position.The club's poor results since joining Queens Park Rangers has led <mask> commenting that he was ashamed over the defeats. During a 3–2 loss against Fulham on 1 April 2013, <mask> was at fault when "he gave away the penalty for the opener, then getting robbed of possession to set up the second". After the match, he issued an apology to fans via his social media account. Despite expressing confidence of the relegation survival, Queens Park Rangers, however, was eventually relegated to the Championship following a 0–0 draw against Reading on 28 April 2013. Following this, <mask> suffered an injury that kept him out for the rest of the 2012–13 season. Despite this, he went on to make ten appearances for the side. Return to Anzhi
On 2 July 2013, Anzhi agreed a fee of £12 million to bring <mask> back to Russia after only half a season with QPR following their relegation from the Premier League.Rangers were looking to cut their wage bill after dropping out of the English Premier Division, with <mask> one of the highest earners on a reported £100,000 per week. The move was confirmed on 5 July 2013 as he signed a four–year contract with the club. Ironically, <mask> said in an interview that he would never return to Russia. <mask> made his second debut for Anzhi Makhachkala in the opening game of the season, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–2 draw against Lokomotiv Moscow. In a follow–up match, he scored his first goal for the club in his second spell for the club, in a 2–1 loss against Dynamo Moscow. After a month at Anzhi Makhachkala, the chose to transfer list their whole squad, including <mask>, himself, in a wake of the following financial restructuring. He announced his intention to leave the club as a result.Despite this, he made three more appearances, tally it to five appearances by the time he departed Anzhi Makhachkala for the second time. Dynamo Moscow

On 29 August 2013, Dynamo Moscow signed three players from Anzhi, with <mask> being one of them. He was issued the number 84 shirt. However, <mask>'s family were still based in England. For this reason, <mask> was periodically linked with moves back to an English club. Having spent two matches on the substitute bench, <mask> made his FC Dynamo Moscow debut, coming on as a 76th-minute substitute, in a 3–1 loss against Lokomotiv Moscow on 21 September 2013. After making his debut, he acknowledged not being in shape as the reason on the substitute bench.<mask> made his first start for the side, playing the whole game against Rubin Kazan five days later on 26 September 2013, but scored an own goal, in a 2–2 draw. However, his first team opportunities became limited and was placed on the substitute bench. After returning to full training from injury, he made his return to the starting line–up on 8 December 2013, in a 2–0 win against Amkar Perm. In a follow–up match against CSKA Moscow, <mask> scored his first goal for the club, as Dynamo Moscow won 4–2. However, during the match, he suffered a concussion and was substituted in the 61st minute. After serving one match suspension, <mask> returned to the starting line–up, starting the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against Rubin Kazan on 23 March 2014. He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 5–0 win against Volga Nizhny Novgorod on 14 April 2014.However, <mask> missed the last three matches of the season, due to suspension and injury. At the end of the 2013–14 season, he went on to make eleven appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2014–15 season, <mask> started the season well when he scored the club's second goal of the game, in a 7–2 win against Rostov in the opening game of the season. Ten days later on 13 August 2013, <mask> scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Ufa. He then scored in both legs against Omonia in the UEFA Europa League Play–Offs, resulting a 4–3 win on aggregate to progress to the group stage. He continued to regain his first team place, playing in the centre–back position. <mask> scored his fifth goal of the season, in a 3–2 loss against Zenit Saint Petersburg on 13 September 2014.However, during a 3–2 win against Torpedo Moscow on 22 September 2014, he was subjected a racist taunts from the opposition team, leading him to show an "unpleasant gesture"' to Torpedo fans. Although the club had to close a section of their stadium for their next match after being sanctioned by Russian Football Union (RFU), <mask>, himself, was banned for two match for show an "unpleasant gesture"' to Torpedo fans. Following this, he apologised to the supporters of Torpedo Moscow for his action. After serving a two match suspension, <mask> returned to the starting line–up, starting the whole game, in a 2–2 draw against Lokomotiv Moscow on 2 November 2014. He captained Dynamo Moscow for the first time and helped the side draw 1–1 against Rubin Kazan on 30 November 2014. It wasn't until on 26 April 2015 when <mask> scored his sixth goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against Rostov. Despite missing two matches later in the 2014–15 season, he went on to make thirty–seven appearances and scoring six times in all competitions.In June 2015, Dynamo Moscow were excluded from 2015–16 Europa League contention for violating Financial Fair Play break-even requirements. <mask> reacted angrily with the respond in a Russian interview. Consequently, most of the foreign players left the club. In August, <mask> went to Turkey to arrange a transfer to Trabzonspor, but the transfer fell through, with Trabzonspor manager Shota Arveladze commenting: "This is not the <mask> I know, this is some kind of Mike Tyson. I need a football player, not a heavyweight boxer." He rejected a new contract from Dynamo Moscow, which began negotiation last April. <mask> didn't play any games for Dynamo in the first half of the 2015–16 season, with his spot in the line–up taken by a new signing Vitali Dyakov.Dynamo manager Andrey Kobelev explained that <mask> is suffering from a herniated disc in his neck and he required a surgery to correct it. After the surgery, his recovery took most of the rest of the 2015–16 season. He previously suffered a foot injury during a friendly match against AFC Ajax. He returned to action for Dynamo in a game against PFC CSKA Moscow on 24 April 2016. <mask> later made three starts for the side, adding his 2015–16 appearance to four. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered another injury and was sidelined for the rest of the 2015–16 season. His Dynamo contract expired at the end of the 2015–16 season and was not extended.He previously hinted about not renewing his contract with the club. Panathinaikos
On 31 August 2016, in the last day of the pre-season summer transfer window, Panathinaikos officially announced the capture of <mask> who signed a one-season contract with the Greens. Upon joining the club, he said the move was a challenge and was hungry for football. <mask> made his Panathinaikos debut on 15 September 2016 against Ajax, coming on as a 73rd-minute substitute, in a 2–1 loss. Three days later on 18 September 2016, he made his league debut, starting the whole game, in a 4–0 win against PAS Giannina. On 20 January 2017, <mask>'s contract was dissolved by mutual consent despite joining the club over the summer, as he has been hit with injuries since the start of the 2016–17 season. Aston Villa
On 21 February 2017, it was announced that after an unsuccessful trial at Crystal Palace, <mask> was training at Aston Villa.On 6 March 2017, he played for Aston Villa Under 23's against Wolverhampton Wanderers Under 23's. <mask> joined Aston Villa for a pre-season training camp in Portugal prior to the start of the 2017–18 season. On 20 July 2017, he signed for the club on a one-year contract. <mask> made his Aston Villa debut, coming on as a late substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Hull City in the opening game of the season. He then made his first start for the side, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 win against Colchester United in the first round of the League Cup. <mask> played 45 minutes before being substituted at half time, as Aston Villa drew 1–1 against Bristol City on 25 August 2017. Following this, he found his first team opportunities limited and was placed on the substitute bench.On 4 November 2017, he scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 defeat to Sheffield Wednesday at Villa Park. Following this, <mask> spent the next five months, recovering from his injury. It wasn't until on 10 April 2018 when he made his return to the first team, coming on as a late substitute, in a 1–0 win against Cardiff City. At the end of the 2017–18 season, <mask> went on to make fourteen appearances and scoring once in all competitions. It was announced on 23 June 2018 that Aston Villa had released <mask>. After spending a year without a club, <mask> began studying to gain a coaching badge at the Irish Football Association. As a result, he quietly announced his retirement from football.International career
<mask> represented the Republic of the Congo national team and stated in an interview, saying: "Without them, I don't know where I would be today. Many people ask me why I do not have French nationality to have a chance to play with the France team. But it was the Congo team that gave me the opportunity to play soccer again when I needed it." He made his Congo debut as a 20-year-old on 5 September 2004 against Togo and played 61 minutes before being substituted, as the side lost 2–0. <mask> made his second appearance for Congo a month later on 10 October 2004 against Zambia and played 45 minutes, as they lost 3–2. Following his move to Blackburn Rovers, <mask> hoped the move would benefited him in order to earn a call–up from Congo. However, he only made five appearances for the national side and didn't get a call up until February 2012, his first time called up in five years.A year later on 23 March 2013, <mask> scored his first international goal, in a 1–0 win against Gabon. In November 2014, <mask> announced his intention to not to play in Africa Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea, citing his commitment to Dynamo Moscow. In November 2016, <mask> was called up to the Congo squad for the first time in two years but never made the final cut. Coaching career
On 25 November 2021, Blackburn Rovers announced that <mask> had returned to the club as an academy coach. Personal life
His parents Jean-Jacques and Clarice emigrated to France and there, <mask> was born in Créteil, France and raised by a large family with seven siblings. Growing up, <mask> idolised Lilian Thuram and even wish to emulate him. He spoke about his father, describing him "as a great man, he has always been and is an example to me in life."<mask> is married to his wife, Theresa, who he first met in Berlin, and together, they have a daughter, Tyrone. He also became a second time father. The family continued to reside in England despite moving to Russia and Greece. In November 2013, <mask> became a father for third time when his daughter was born. In August 2006, he had his wisdom tooth removed, which caused him to miss Hertha BSC's pre–season friendly matches. In August 2010, <mask> was fined £120 after being caught speeding at 46 mph in a 30 mph zone in his Rolls-Royce in Lancashire. In April 2012, he was fined once again after caught speeding at more than 130 mph on the M65.<mask> reflected on his actions when asked in an interview, responding: "As for the first part of the question, I know. As for the second - yes, exactly once. Then the policeman stopped for speeding. Never again violated the law. I prefer to remain a law-abiding citizen." In addition to speaking French, <mask> speaks English and German, though he can speak Russian sometimes. However, <mask> later stated in a Russian interview that he had difficulties speaking Russian, due to the difference between the alphabets in Russian and Latin.In January 2013, <mask> revealed in an interview with the Guardian that he planned to establish a foundation named after him to create a football school in Congo. Outside of football, <mask> said he plays basketball as his hobby. Career statistics

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Créteil
French people of Republic of the Congo descent
French footballers
Republic of the Congo footballers
Republic of the Congo international footballers
Association football defenders
CS Sedan Ardennes players
Hertha BSC II players
Hertha BSC players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Panathinaikos F.C. players
Russian Premier League players
Bundesliga players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Greece
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Germany
French expatriate sportspeople in

masks: Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Sambakha Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba Samba


title: Cesare Borgia

texts:
<mask> (;  ;  ; 13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507) was an Italian cardinal and condottiero (mercenary leader) of Aragonese (Spanish) origin, whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Niccolò Machiavelli. He was an illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI and member of the Spanish-Aragonese House of Borgia. After initially entering the church and becoming a cardinal on his father's election to the Papacy, he became, after the death of his brother in 1498, the first person to resign a . He served as a condottiero for King Louis XII of France around 1500, and occupied Milan and Naples during the Italian Wars. At the same time he carved out a state for himself in Central Italy, but after his father's death he was unable to retain power for long. According to Machiavelli, this was not due to a lack of foresight, but his error in creating a new pope. Early life

Like many aspects of <mask>'s life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute.He was born in Subiaco. in either 1475 or 1476—the illegitimate son of Cardinal Roderic Llançol i de Borja, usually known as "<mask>", later Pope Alexander VI, and his Italian mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information is sparse. The <mask> family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century; <mask>'s great-uncle Alphonso <mask> (1378–1458), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455. <mask>'s father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children born out of wedlock. Stefano Infessura writes that Cardinal <mask> falsely claimed Cesare to be the legitimate son of another man—Domenico d'Arignano, the nominal husband of Vannozza dei Cattanei. More likely, Pope Sixtus IV granted Cesare a release from the necessity of proving his birth in a papal bull of 1 October 1480. Career

Church office

Cesare was initially groomed for a career in the Church.Following school in Perugia and Pisa, Cesare studied law at the Studium Urbis (nowadays Sapienza University of Rome). He was made Bishop of Pamplona at the age of 15 and archbishop of Valencia at 17. In 1493, he had also been appointed bishop of both Castres and Elne. In 1494, he also received the title of abbot of the abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa. Along with his father's elevation to Pope, Cesare was made Cardinal at the age of 18. Alexander VI staked the hopes of the Borgia family on Cesare's brother Giovanni, who was made captain general of the military forces of the papacy. Giovanni was assassinated in 1497 under mysterious circumstances.Several contemporaries suggested that Cesare might have been his killer, as Giovanni's disappearance could finally open to him a long-awaited military career and also solve the jealousy over Sancha of Aragon, wife of Cesare's younger brother, Gioffre, and mistress of both <mask> and Giovanni. Cesare's role in the act has never been clear. However, he had no definitive motive, as he was likely to be given a powerful secular position, whether or not his brother lived. It is possible that Giovanni was killed as a result of a sexual liaison. On 17 August 1498, <mask> became the first person in history to resign the cardinalate, which he did in order to pursue a military career. On the same day, Louis XII of France named Cesare Duke of Valentinois. This title, along with his former position as Cardinal of Valencia, explains the nickname "Valentino".Military

Cesare's career was founded upon his father's ability to distribute patronage, along with his alliance with France (reinforced by his marriage with Charlotte d'Albret, sister of John III of Navarre), in the course of the Italian Wars. Louis XII invaded Italy in 1499; after Gian Giacomo Trivulzio had ousted its duke Ludovico Sforza, Cesare accompanied the king in his entrance into Milan. At this point, Alexander decided to profit from the favourable situation and carve out for Cesare a state of his own in northern Italy. To this end, he declared that all his vicars in Romagna and Marche were deposed. Though in theory subject directly to the pope, these rulers had been practically independent or dependent on other states for generations. In the view of the citizens, these vicars were cruel and petty. When Cesare eventually took power, he was viewed by the citizens as a great improvement.<mask> was appointed commander of the papal armies with a number of Italian mercenaries, supported by 300 cavalry and 4,000 Swiss infantry sent by the King of France. Alexander sent him to capture Imola and Forlì, ruled by Caterina Sforza (mother of the Medici condottiero Giovanni dalle Bande Nere). Despite being deprived of his French troops after the conquest of those two cities, Borgia returned to Rome to celebrate a triumph and to receive the title of Papal Gonfalonier from his father. In 1500 the creation of twelve new cardinals granted Alexander enough money for Cesare to hire the condottieri, Vitellozzo Vitelli, Gian Paolo Baglioni, Giulio and Paolo Orsini, and Oliverotto Euffreducci, who resumed his campaign in Romagna. Giovanni Sforza, first husband of Cesare's sister Lucrezia, was soon ousted from Pesaro; Pandolfo Malatesta lost Rimini; Faenza surrendered, its young lord Astorre III Manfredi being later drowned in the Tiber by Cesare's order. In May 1501 the latter was created duke of Romagna. Hired by Florence, Cesare subsequently added the lordship of Piombino to his new lands.While his condottieri took over the siege of Piombino which ended in 1502, Cesare commanded the French troops in the sieges of Naples and Capua, defended by Prospero and Fabrizio Colonna. On 24 June 1501 his troops stormed the latter, causing the collapse of Aragonese power in southern Italy. In June 1502 he set out for Marche, where he was able to capture Urbino and Camerino by treason. He planned to conquer Bologna next. However, his condottieri, most notably Vitellozzo Vitelli and the Orsini brothers (Giulio, Paolo and Francesco), feared Cesare's cruelty and set up a plot against him. Guidobaldo da Montefeltro and Giovanni Maria da Varano returned to Urbino and Camerino, and Fossombrone revolted. The fact that his subjects had enjoyed his rule thus far meant that his opponents had to work much harder than they would have liked.He eventually recalled his loyal generals to Imola, where he waited for his opponents' loose alliance to collapse. Cesare called for a reconciliation, but imprisoned his condottieri in Senigallia, then called Sinigaglia, a feat described as a "wonderful deceiving" by historian Paolo Giovio, and had them strangled. In 1503 he conquered the Republic of San Marino. Later years and death

Although he was an immensely capable general and statesman, Cesare had trouble maintaining his domain without continued Papal patronage. Niccolò Machiavelli cites Cesare's dependence on the good will of the Papacy, under the control of his father, as being the principal disadvantage of his rule. Machiavelli argued that, had Cesare been able to win the favour of the new Pope, he would have been a very successful ruler. The news of his father's death in 1503 arrived when Cesare was planning the conquest of Tuscany.While he was convalescing in Castel Sant'Angelo from an attack of malarial fever (likely contracted on the same occasion when Alexander contracted his fatal illness), his troops controlled the conclave. The new pope, Pope Pius III, supported <mask> <mask>ia's deadly enemy, Giuliano Della Rovere, then succeeded by dexterous diplomacy in tricking the weakened <mask> <mask> into supporting him by offering him money and continued papal backing for Borgia policies in the Romagna; promises which he disregarded upon his election as Pope Julius II by the near-unanimous vote of the cardinals. Realizing his mistake by then, <mask> tried to correct the situation to his favour, but Pope Julius II made sure of its failure at every turn. <mask> was for example forced by Julius to give up San Marino, after occupying the republic for six months. <mask> <mask>, who was facing the hostility of Ferdinand II of Aragon, was betrayed while in Naples by Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, a man he had considered his ally, and imprisoned there, while his lands were retaken by the Papacy. In 1504 he was transferred to Spain and imprisoned first in the Castle of Chinchilla de Montearagón in La Mancha, but after an attempted escape he was moved north to the Castle of La Mota, Medina del Campo, near Segovia.He did manage to escape from the Castle of La Mota with assistance, and after running across Santander, Durango and Gipuzkoa, he arrived in Pamplona on 3 December 1506, and was much welcomed by King John III of Navarre, who was missing an experienced military commander, ahead of the feared Castilian invasion. Borgia recaptured Viana, Navarre, then in the hands of forces loyal to Louis de Beaumont, the count of Lerín and Ferdinand II of Aragon's conspiratorial ally in Navarre, but not the castle, which he then besieged. In the early morning of 11 March 1507, an enemy party of knights fled from the castle during a heavy storm. Outraged at the ineffectiveness of the siege, Borgia chased them, only to find himself on his own. The party of knights, discovering that he was alone, trapped him in an ambush, where he received a fatal injury from a spear. He was then stripped of all his luxurious garments, valuables, and a leather mask covering half his face (disfigured, possibly by syphilis, during his late years). Borgia was left lying naked, with just a red tile covering his genitals.Remains
Borgia was originally buried in a

masks:
Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia
Rodrigo Borgia
Borgia
Cesare
Borgia
Cesare
Borgia
Cesare
Cesare
Cesare
Cesare
Borgiarg
Cesare
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Cesare
Cesare
Cesare
Borgia


title: Cesare Borgia

texts:
 marbled mausoleum King John III had ordered built at the altar of the Church of Santa María in Viana in Navarre in northern Spain, set on one of the stops on the Camino de Santiago. In the 16th century the Bishop of Mondoñedo, Antonio de Guevara, published from memory what he had seen written on the tomb when he had paid a visit to the church. This epitaph underwent several changes in wording and meter throughout the years and the version most commonly cited today is that published by the priest and historian Francisco de Alesón in the 18th century. It reads:

Borgia was an old enemy of Ferdinand of Aragon, and he was fighting the count who paved the way for Ferdinand's 1512 Castilian invasion against John III and Catherine of Navarre. While the circumstances are not well known, the tomb was destroyed sometime between 1523 and 1608, during which time Santa María was undergoing renovation and expansion. Tradition goes that a bishop of Calahorra considered inappropriate to have the remains of "that degenerate" lying in the church, so the opportunity was taken to tear down the monument and expel Borgia's bones to where they were reburied under the street in front of the church to be trodden on by all who walked through the town. Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, in A los pies de Venus, writes that the then Bishop of Santa María had Borgia expelled from the church because his own father had died after being imprisoned under Alexander VI.It was held for many years that the bones were lost, although in fact local tradition continued to mark their place quite accurately and folklore sprung up around Borgia's death and ghost. The bones were in fact dug up twice and reburied once by historians (both local and international—the first dig in 1886 involved the French historian Charles Yriarte, who also published works on the Borgias) seeking the resting place of the infamous <mask> Borgia. After Borgia was unearthed for the second time in 1945 his bones were taken for a rather lengthy forensic examination by Victoriano Juaristi, a surgeon by trade and Borgia aficionado, and the tests concurred with the preliminary ones carried out in the 19th century. There was evidence that the bones belonged to Borgia. <mask> <mask>'s remains then were sent to Viana's town hall, directly across from Santa María, where they remained until 1953. They were then reburied immediately outside of the Church of Santa María, no longer under the street and in direct danger of being stepped on. A memorial stone was placed over it which, translated into English, declared <mask> the Generalissimo of the papal as well as the Navarrese forces.A movement was made in the late 80s to have Borgia dug up once more and put back into Santa María, but this proposal was ultimately rejected by church officials due to recent ruling against the interment of anyone who did not hold the title of pope or cardinal. Since Borgia had renounced the cardinalate it was decided that it would be inappropriate for his bones to be moved into the church. It was reported that Fernando Sebastián Aguilar, the Archbishop of Pamplona, would acquiesce after more than 50 years of petitions and Borgia would finally be moved back inside the church on 11 March 2007, the day before the 500th anniversary of his death, but an Archbishopric spokesman declared that the church doesn't authorize any such practice. The local church said that "we have nothing against the transfer of his remains. Whatever he may have done in life, he deserves to be forgiven now." Evaluation
 Niccolò Machiavelli met the Duke on a diplomatic mission in his function as Secretary of the Florentine Chancellery. Machiavelli was at Borgia's court from 7 October 1502 through 18 January 1503.During this time he wrote regular dispatches to his superiors in Florence, many of which have survived and are published in Machiavelli's Collected Works. In The Prince, Machiavelli uses Borgia as an example to elucidate the dangers of acquiring a principality by virtue of another. Although <mask> <mask>'s father gave him the power to set up, Cesare ruled the Romagna with skill and tact for the most part. However, when his father died, and a rival to the Borgia family entered the Papal seat, Cesare was overthrown in a matter of months. Machiavelli attributes two episodes to Cesare Borgia: the method by which the Romagna was pacified, which Machiavelli describes in chapter VII of The Prince, and the assassination of his captains on New Year's Eve of 1502 in Senigallia. Machiavelli's use of Borgia is subject to controversy. Some scholars see in Machiavelli's Borgia the precursor of state crimes in the 20th century.Others, including Macaulay and Lord Acton, have historicized Machiavelli's Borgia, explaining the admiration for such violence as an effect of the general criminality and corruption of the time. <mask> and <mask> <mask> briefly employed Leonardo da Vinci as military architect and engineer between 1502 and 1503. Cesare provided Leonardo with an unlimited pass to inspect and direct all ongoing and planned construction in his domain. While in Romagna, Leonardo built the canal from Cesena to the Porto Cesenatico. Before meeting Cesare, Leonardo had worked at the Milanese court of Ludovico Sforza for many years, until Louis XII of France drove Sforza out of Italy. After Cesare, Leonardo was unsuccessful in finding another patron in Italy. King Francis I of France was able to convince Leonardo to enter his service, and the last three years of Leonardo's life were spent working in France.Personal life

On 10 May 1499, Cesare married Charlotte of Albret (1480 – 11 March 1514), a sister of King John III of Navarre. The arrangement was part of a plan by the Navarrese monarchs to ease tensions with the newly proclaimed French King Louis XII by offering a royal blood bride in his dealings with the Holy See. They were parents to a daughter, <mask>, Duchess of Valentinois, (1500–1553) who first married Louis II de la Trémoille, Governor of Burgundy, and secondly Philippe de Bourbon (1499–1557), Seigneur de Busset. Cesare was also father to at least 11 illegitimate children. Among them are Girolamo <mask> who married Isabella Contessa di Carpi and Lucrezia <mask> (the younger) who, after Cesare's death, was moved to Ferrara to the court of her aunt Lucrezia <mask> (the elder). There are accounts recorded by Machiavelli during his time spent with <mask> <mask> that provide insight into the man. Machiavelli found that he could be at times secretive and taciturn, at other times loquacious and boastful.He alternated bursts of demonic activity, when he stayed up all night receiving and dispatching messengers, with moments of unaccountable sloth, when he remained in bed refusing to see anyone. He was quick to take offense and rather remote from his immediate entourage and yet very open with his subjects, loving to join in local sports and to cut a dashing figure. However, at other times, Machiavelli observed Cesare as having "inexhaustible" energy and an unrelenting genius in military matters, and also diplomatic affairs, and he would go days and nights on end without seemingly requiring sleep. He is said to have possessed a high intelligence that was recognized early during his time at the University of Pisa, and his brilliance in being a military commander and battle tactician was respected by friend and foe alike. Nearly all contemporary accounts of <mask> Borgia mention this intelligence, sometimes elaborated further by accounts made by allies, and other times, only briefly mentioned by those who most likely had a personal antipathy towards Cesare, but was still hinted at or briefly mentioned nonetheless. With his personality, he was able to win the unwavering loyalty of his troops and also with his most trusted friend and "manservant", Micheletto Corella. Character discussed in works of philosophy
 The Prince (1532) by Niccolò Machiavelli
 The Antichrist (1895) by Friedrich Nietzsche
 Beyond Good and Evil (1886) by Friedrich Nietzsche
 Twilight of the Idols (1889) by Friedrich Nietzsche
 Minima Moralia (1951) by Theodor Adorno
 The Philosophy of the Encounter (2006) by Louis Althusser

Non-fiction literature
 The Life of <mask> Borgia (1912) by Rafael Sabatini
 A Triptych of Poisoners (1958) by Jean Plaidy
 Cesare Borgia (1976) by Sarah Bradford
 The Borgias (1981) by Sarah Bradford and John Prebble
 The Artist, The Philosopher and the Warrior (2009) by Paul Strathern
 The Borgias: The Hidden History (2013) by G. J. Meyer
 Cesare Borgia in a Nutshell (2016) by Samantha Morris

Television and video games
 Cesare appears as the main antagonist of the 2010 video game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood.He is voiced by Andreas Apergis. The Borgias, a 2011 American TV series, with Cesare portrayed by Francois Arnaud. Borgia, a 2011 European TV series (2011), with Cesare portrayed by Mark Ryder. See also

Rocca di Borgia
Route of the Borgias

Notes

References

Sources

External links

<mask> <mask>, Encyclopedia Britannica

 Diario de los Borja (Borgia)

1475 births
1507 deaths
Cesare
University of Perugia alumni
University of Pisa alumni
Dukes of Urbino
16th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinals created by Pope Alexander VI
Bishops of Elna
Princes of the Papal States
Archbishops of Valencia
Dukes of Valentinois
16th-century condottieri
Cardinal-nephews
Illegitimate children of Pope Alexander VI
15th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Kingdom of Aragon
Lords of Rimini
Captains General of the Church
Clergy from Rome
Military personnel from Rome
Lords of Pesaro
Lords of Faenza
15th-century Italian

masks:
Cesare
Cesare
Borgia
Borgia
Cesare
Borgia
Borgia
Leonardo Cesare
Borgia
Louise Borgia
Borgia
Borgia
Borgia
Cesare
Borgia
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Cesare
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Borgia


title: Jack Yarber

texts:
<mask> (born March 15, 1967), also known by his stage name <mask>, is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist based in Memphis, Tennessee. He was a founding member of the garage bands The Compulsive Gamblers, and The Oblivians and currently fronts Jack O & the Tennessee Tearjerkers. <mask> has also been a member, or contributed to: The End, Johnny Vomit & The Dry Heaves, Andre Williams, The Knaughty Knights, South Filthy, The Cool Jerks, The Limes, '68 Comeback, King Louie & His Loose Diamonds, Greg Oblivian & the Tip Tops, <mask>vian & The Cigarillos, The Natural Kicks and Tav Falco's Panther Burns. Today, <mask> continues to write, record and tour as a solo artist. In January 2016, he released his seventh solo album, The Lone Ranger of Love. The record was released on his own label, Mony Records. Johnny Vomit and the Dry Heaves
<mask> began his professional music career in high school, appearing alongside high-school friend and future Squirrel Nut Zippers founder Jimbo Mathus in the Corinth, Mississippi, based Johnny Vomit & the Dry Heaves.<mask> played drums in the outfit, which credited him as Johnny Goopa. Johnny Vomit & the Dry Heaves would go on to be one of <mask>'s longest-running side projects, the song "Knick the Knife" on his latest Tennessee Tearjearkers album being a reworked version of a song performed in early Johnny Vomit jam sessions. The End
In the summer of 1987 (? ), <mask> moved to Memphis, Tennessee, to play music with his cousin. <mask> and his cousin played together using a number of band names, eventually releasing a new wave 7-inch under the name The End. The tracks "You Never Called" and "People Talk" (later covered by Cheap Time) were recorded in 1984 at Phillips Studio in Memphis, Tennessee. That vinyl single, released on the Erwin record label marked <mask>'s first appearance on record.By 1989 the two had diverged musically and <mask>'s cousin left town, effectively ending their partnership. The Compulsive Gamblers
Following the breakup of The End, <mask>'s encounter with fellow musician Greg Cartwright led to the formation of the Compulsive Gamblers. Despite recording two 7-inch albums and a handful of home recordings, the band was unable to garner record label interest until after the success of their next band, the Oblivians. The Compulsive Gamblers would reform in the late 1990s and early 2000s, releasing two studio albums and one live LP on Sympathy For the Record Industry. The Oblivians
The Oblivians formed in 1993 as a side project to the Compulsive Gamblers, and included former Gambler Greg Cartwright, as well as future Goner Records founder, Eric Friedl. The members of the Oblivians all shared writing and recording responsibilities. Each member supplied vocals, guitar work, and percussion on albums, and switched between instruments during live shows.The Oblivians lasted from 1993 until 1998, at which time <mask> and Cartwright left the band to reform the Compulsive Gamblers. The second incarnation of the Gamblers lasted from 1998 to 2003, when the bandmembers again went their separate ways. The Tennessee Tearjerkers
After pursuing a brief solo career, <mask> teamed up with Scott Bomar to form the Tearjearkers. As Bomar became more and more involved with film scoring, <mask> began to take a more active role in the band, ultimately taking over as lead songwriter after Bomar's departure. With <mask> in control of the group, the band was rechristened the Tennessee Tearjerkers. At the same time as <mask> was writing songs with the Tearjerkers, he was also contributing in various ways to a number of side projects including, the Knaughty Knights, the Limes, and South Filthy which included collaborations with longtime associates Walter Daniels, and Monsieur Jeffrey Evans. In 2007 <mask> released another solo LP, "The Flip Side Kid."The CD version was released by Sympathy For the Record Industry and Yarber self-released the vinyl under his own label, "Dirt Cheap Date." The Oblivians reunion
In 2008, The Oblivians and The Gories announced a dual reunion tour, which happened in the summer of 2009, mostly in Europe, but also a couple shows in Memphis and Detroit. Since then, the Oblivians have continued playing sporadic gigs and released a 2015 album via in the Red Records, Desperation. Discography

As <mask>blivian
Solo albums
 American Slang 12-inch EP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 1997, SFTRI 475)
 So Low LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 1998, SFTRI 535)
 Bad Mood Rising LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2001, SFTRI 643)
 Don't Throw Your Love Away LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2005, SFTRI 735)
 Jack-O Is The Flip Side Kid LP/CD (Dirt Cheap Records/Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2006, BR-003/SFTRI 778)
 The Disco Outlaw LP/CD (Goner Records, 2009, 45 Gone)
 Rat City LP/CD (Big Legal Mess, 2011)
 Jack O & the Sheiks: Live! 7-inch (Goner Records, 2005, 18gone)
 "Running in a Rat Race" 7-inch (Solid Sex Lovie Doll Records, 2006, SSLD 008)

With the Compulsive Gamblers
Singles
 "Joker" 7-inch (Boiler Room, 1992, cat.no.?) "Church Goin'" 7-inch (Lemon Peel Records, 1992, LP001 – LP002)
 "Goodtime Gamblers" 7-inch (Boiler Room, 1995, BR 002)

Albums
 Gambling Days are Over CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 1995, SFTRI 372)
 Bluff City LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 1999, SFTRI 570)
 Crystal Gazing Luck Amazing LP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2000, SFTRI 572)
 Live & Deadly: Memphis-Chicago 2xLP/CD (Sympathy for the Record Industry, 2003, SFTRI 698)

With the Oblivians
Singles
 "Call The Shots" 7-inch (Goner Records, 1993, 2Gone)
 "Sunday You Need Love" 7-inch (Crypt, 1994, CR-044)
 "Now for the Hard Of Hearing From … 'Blow Their Cool'" 7-inch (Estrus, 1994, ES 756)
 "Static Party" 7-inch (In The Red, 1994, ITR 018)
 "Go!Pill-Popper!" CD (Death Valley Records, 2005, DV-010)

with the Natural Kicks
Albums
 Natural Kicks CD (Miz Kafrin, 2005, Miz Kafrin 007)

References
 Hurley, Rachael.Rock's Hero for the Rest of Us, "Scenestars.net". Retrieved June 9, 2007. Mehr, Bob. 2016 Lone Ranger of Love story

1967 births
Living people
Sympathy for the Record Industry artists
American male singers
Songwriters from Mississippi
People from Corinth, Mississippi
American male songwriters

masks:
Jack Yarber
Jack Oblivian
Yarber
Jack Obli
Yarber
Jack Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Yarber
Jack O


title: Broderick Crawford

texts:
<mask> (December 9, 1911 – April 26, 1986) was an American stage, film, radio, and television actor, often cast in tough-guy roles and best known for his Oscar- and Golden Globe-winning portrayal of Willie Stark in All the King's Men (1949) and for his starring role as Dan Mathews in the television series Highway Patrol (1955–1959). Until filming All the King's Men, <mask>'s career had been largely limited to "B films" in supporting or character roles. He realized he did not fit the role of a handsome leading man, once describing himself as looking like a "retired pugilist". Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to <mask> and <mask>, who were both vaudeville performers, as his grandparents had been. Lester appeared in films in the 1920s and 1930s. <mask> had a career in Hollywood comedies, including memorable appearances in the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musicals Top Hat and Swing Time. Young William joined his parents on the stage, working for producer Max Gordon.After graduating from preparatory high school Dean Academy (now Dean College) in Franklin, Massachusetts, <mask> was accepted by Harvard College where he enrolled. However, after only three weeks at Harvard he dropped out to work as a stevedore on the New York docks. Acting career

<mask> returned to vaudeville and radio, which included a period with the Marx Brothers in the radio comedy show Flywheel, Shyster, and Flywheel. He played his first serious character as a footballer in She Loves Me Not at the Adelphi Theatre, London in 1932. <mask> was originally stereotyped as a fast-talking tough guy early in his career and often played villainous parts. He gained fame in 1937 as Lenny in Of Mice and Men on Broadway. He moved to Hollywood and began working in films.Early films
<mask> made his film debut for Sam Goldwyn in Woman Chases Man (1937). He was in Start Cheering (1938) at Columbia but missed out on reprising his stage performance as Lenny in the film version of Of Mice and Men, losing it to Lon Chaney Jr.

Paramount
<mask> signed a contract with Paramount. He appeared in some "B" films: Ambush (1939), Sudden Money (1939) and Undercover Doctor (1939). He had a good role in the prestigious Beau Geste. After appearing in Island of Lost Men (1939), <mask> had a Beau Geste style role in The Real Glory (1939). He appeared in two films for Walter Wanger and Tay Garnett, Eternally Yours (1939) and Slightly Honorable (1939). Universal
<mask> moved over to Universal, where he was given his first starring role, in the "B", I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby (1940).He had support parts in When the Daltons Rode (1940); Seven Sinners (1940), for Garnett; and Trail of the Vigilantes (1940). He went back to Paramount for Texas Rangers Ride Again (1940) then returned to Universal for The Black Cat (1941), Tight Shoes (1941), and Badlands of Dakota (1941). <mask> had one of the leads in South of Tahiti (1941) and North to the Klondike (1941). He supported Edward G. Robinson in Larceny, Inc. (1942) and George Raft in Broadway (1942), and co-starred with Robert Stack in Men of Texas (1942) and Constance Bennett in Sin Town (1942). During World War II, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps. Assigned to the Armed Forces Network, he was sent to Britain in 1944 as a sergeant, he served as an announcer for the Glenn Miller American Band. He was one of two announcers on Miller's weekly program I Sustain the Wings, prior to Miller and the band being shipped to England.He returned to films with roles in Black Angel (1946), a film noir and Slave Girl (1947) with Yvonne de Carlo. Freelance actor
<mask> made The Flame (1947) for Republic, and The Time of Your Life (1948) for James Cagney's company. He went back to Paramount for Sealed Verdict (1948) and had a co-starring role in Bad Men of Tombstone (1949) for the King Brothers. At Warner Bros <mask> was in A Kiss in the Dark (1949) with David Niven and Jane Wyman and Night Unto Night (1949) with Ronald Reagan and Viveca Lindfors. He was also in Monogram's Anna Lucasta (1949) with Paulette Goddard. All the King's Men and stardom

In 1949, <mask> reached the pinnacle of his acting career when he was cast as Willie Stark, a character inspired by and closely patterned after the life of Louisiana politician Huey Long, in All the King's Men, a film based on the popular novel by Robert Penn Warren. The film was a huge hit, and <mask>'s performance as the bullying, blustering, yet insecure Governor Stark won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.The film was made by Columbia who put <mask> under contract. He co-starred with Glenn Ford in Convicted (1950), then starred in another hit 'A'-list production with William Holden and Judy Holliday, Born Yesterday (1950), directed by George Cukor. <mask> starred in The Mob (1951), a crime drama. Under the direction of Phil Karlson he starred in Scandal Sheet (1952), based on a novel by Sam Fuller. MGM borrowed him to play the villain in Lone Star (1952), opposite Clark Gable and Ava Gardner. He went to Warner Bros. to star in a comedy, Stop, You're Killing Me (1952). <mask> returned to Columbia to star in some Westerns, Last of the Comanches (1953), and The Last Posse (1954).20th Century Fox borrowed him to co-star with Gregory Peck in Nunnally Johnson's Night People (1954). <mask> was reunited with Glenn Ford in Human Desire (1954), directed by Fritz Lang. Edward Small used him in Down Three Dark Streets (1954) and New York Confidential (1955). In 1955, <mask> assumed the starring role as Rollo Lamar, the most violent of convicts in Big House, U.S.A.. In the film, <mask>'s character is a hardened convict so violent he commands the obedience of even the most violent and psychotic prisoners in the prison yard, including those portrayed by such famous tough-guy actors as Charles Bronson, Ralph Meeker, William Talman, and Lon Chaney Jr.

Stanley Kramer cast him in a good supporting role in Not as a Stranger (1955), which was a big hit. He received an offer in Italy to star in Il bidone (1955), directed by Federico Fellini. Highway Patrol
In 1955, television producer Frederick Ziv of ZIV Television Productions offered <mask> the lead role as "Dan Mathews" in the police drama Highway Patrol, which dramatized law enforcement activities of the California Highway Patrol (CHP).ZIV Television Productions operated on an extremely low budget of $25,000 per episode of Highway Patrol with ten percent of gross receipts going to <mask> as per his contract. While the show's scripts were largely fictional, the use of realistic, rapid-fire dialogue, stark film noir styled feel and <mask>'s convincing portrayal of a hard-as-nails police official helped make the show an instant success. Highway Patrol remained popular during its four years (1955–1959) of first-run syndication, and would continue in repeat syndication on local stations across the United States for many years after. For much of the period from 1955 until 1965 most of <mask>'s television roles involved ZIV Television, which was among the relative handful of producers willing to accept the frequent challenges inherent with working with the hard-living and hard-drinking <mask>. Years later, Frederick Ziv admitted in an interview, "To be honest, <mask> could be a handful!" Highway Patrol helped revive <mask>'s career and cement his tough-guy persona, which he used successfully in numerous movie and TV roles for the rest of his life. During the series' run he appeared in The Fastest Gun Alive (1956) with Ford at MGM, a successful Western; Between Heaven and Hell (1956) with Robert Wagner at Fox, directed by Richard Fleischer; and The Decks Ran Red (1958) with James Mason for Andrew L. Stone.Fed up with the show's hectic shooting schedule, <mask> quit Highway Patrol at the end of 1959 in order to make a film in Spain, and try to get his drinking under control. His follow-up role, as diamond industry security man John King in the 1961–62 Ziv series King of Diamonds was a failure, the show lasting only one season. Europe
<mask> relocated to Europe where he starred in Vittorio Cottafavi's La vendetta di Ercole (1960), known in the U.S. as Goliath and the Dragon. <mask>'s successful run as Dan Mathews in Highway Patrol earned him some two million dollars under his contract with ZIV, which eventually paid him in exchange for his agreement to sign for the pilot and subsequent production of a new ZIV production, King of Diamonds. Recently back from Europe, and having temporarily stopped drinking, <mask> was signed to play the starring role as diamond industry security chief John King. King of Diamonds was picked up for syndication in 1961, but ran for only one season before being cancelled. In 1962, after the end of King of Diamonds, <mask> returned to acting in motion pictures: Square of Violence (1962); Convicts 4 (1962); Javier Setó's The Castilian (1963); A House Is Not a Home (1964); Up from the Beach (1965); Kid Rodelo (1966); The Oscar (1966); The Texican (1966) with Audie Murphy; The Vulture (1967); Red Tomahawk (1967).1970s
After 1970, <mask> again returned to television. From 1970 to 1971, he played the role of Dr. Peter Goldstone in The Interns. In 1977, he starred as J. Edgar Hoover in The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover. He would eventually make a series of guest appearances on several TV programs, while starring in several made-for-TV movies. He wore the trademark fedora and black suit

masks:
William Broderick Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Lester Crawford
Helen Broderick
Helen Broderick
Crawford
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title: Broderick Crawford

texts:
 when he made an appearance as guest host of a 1977 episode of NBC's Saturday Night Live that included a spoof of Highway Patrol. In an episode of CHiPs <mask> appeared as himself, recognized after being stopped by Officer Poncherello, who presses a reluctant <mask> to give his trademark line from Highway Patrol ("Twenty-One-Fifty to Headquarters!"). Musician Webb Wilder's instrumental, "Ruff Rider" (on the album It Came From Nashville), is dedicated to <mask> <mask> in admiration of his Highway Patrol character's ability to solve any crime committed in California by setting up a road block.<mask> worked in 140 motion pictures and television series during his career and remained an especially durable presence in television. <mask> is referenced in the 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit in the scene where an Alabama State Patrol officer angrily confronts Sheriff Buford T. Justice (Jackie Gleason) and his damaged vehicle with its horn that won't stop blaring. When Justice starts to introduce himself, the trooper interrupts him and barks, "I don't care if your name is <mask> <mask>!" In 1979, <mask> had a cameo as himself in the film A Little Romance in which he referenced his hard-drinking persona. His last role was as a film producer who is murdered in a 1982 episode of the Simon & Simon television series. The actor who played the part of the suspected murderer was Stuart Whitman, who had played the recurring part of Sergeant Walters on Highway Patrol. Personal life
Throughout his adult life, <mask> was prone to bouts of heavy drinking, and was known for eating large meals.These habits contributed to a serious weight gain for <mask> during the 1950s. His weight and penchant for heavy drinking contributed to several injuries suffered on the set of Highway Patrol. It became particularly difficult for <mask> to perform certain scenes, such as when he had to enter and exit a police helicopter. In 1958, <mask> broke his ankle while exiting the helicopter and was forced to wear an ankle cast, which may be seen in some episodes. <mask>'s drinking increased during the filming of Highway Patrol, eventually resulting in several arrests and stops for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), which eventually gained him a suspended driving license. While representing the California Highway Patrol as "Chief Matthews", <mask> was known with considerable embarrassment by the CHP as "Old 502" due to his habit of driving under the influence of alcohol ("Code 502" was the CHP police radio code for drunken driving). According to the show's creator, Guy Daniels, "We got all the dialogue in by noon, or else we wouldn't get it done at all.He [<mask>] would bribe people to bring him booze on the set." The show used their CHP technical advisor, Officer Frank Runyon, to keep <mask> sober: "I was told to keep that son of a bitch away from a bottle. I think his license was suspended. Some scenes had to be shot on private roads so that Brod could drive." Eventually the drinking strained the show's relationship with the CHP as well as <mask>'s relationship with ZIV. Fellow actor Stuart Whitman became a close friend of <mask>. In an interview Whitman said they both clicked upon meeting when cast in an episode of Highway Patrol.According to Whitman, who was going through hard financial times, they became fast friends. <mask> would ask Whitman to play his character whenever he was low on cash, so that Whitman would do the dialogue while he was drinking. Whitman said that later down the line he helped to cast <mask> in The Decks Ran Red (1958). Whitman promised the production that <mask> would stay sober throughout the shoot, and he did. <mask> married three times. His first marriage was to actress Kay Griffith in 1940; the couple had two sons together, <mask> <mask> (1947–2002) and Kelly Griffith <mask> (1951–2012). Through his elder son, Christopher, <mask> has one grandchild, Katherine Lee <mask> (born 1970).<mask>'s second marriage was to Joan Tabor in 1962; they divorced in 1967. His third and final marriage, which lasted until <mask>'s death in 1986, was to Mary Alice Moore in 1973. <mask> died following a series of strokes in 1986 at the age of 74 in Rancho Mirage, California. <mask> has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures at 6901 Hollywood Boulevard and another for television at 6734 Hollywood Boulevard. His popularity on "Highway Patrol" also led to him being memorialized in the poker game of Texas Hold 'em, in that a starting hand of a 10-4 (a common police radio code) is nicknamed a "<mask> <mask>". Filmography

Woman Chases Man (1937) as Hunk
Start Cheering (1938) as Biff Gordon
Ambush (1939) as Randall
Sudden Money (1939) as Archibald 'Doc' Finney
Undercover Doctor (1939) as Eddie Krator
Beau Geste (1939) as Hank Miller
Island of Lost Men (1939) as Tex Ballister
The Real Glory (1939) as Lieut. Larson
Eternally Yours (1939) as Don Burns
Slightly Honorable (1939) as Russ Sampson
I Can't Give You Anything But Love, Baby (1940) as Michael G. 'Sonny' McGann
When the Daltons Rode (1940) as Bob Dalton
Seven Sinners (1940) as Little Ned
Trail of the Vigilantes (1940) as Swanee
Texas Rangers Ride Again (1940) as Mace Townsley
The Black Cat (1941) as Hubert A. Gilmore 'Gil' Smith
Tight Shoes (1941) as Speedy Miller
Badlands of Dakota (1941) as Bob Holliday
South of Tahiti (1941) as Chuck
North to the Klondike (1942) as John Thorn
Butch Minds the Baby (1942) as Aloysius 'Butch' Grogan
Larceny, Inc. (1942) as Jug Martin
Broadway (1942) as Steve Crandall
Men of Texas (1942) as Henry Clay Jackson
Sin Town (1942) as Dude McNair
Keeping Fit (1942) as Brod – Factory Worker
The Runaround (1946) as Louis Prentiss
Black Angel (1946) as Capt.Flood
Slave Girl (1947) as Chips Jackson
The Flame (1947) as Ernie Hicks
The Time of Your Life (1948) as Krupp (a bewildered policeman)
Sealed Verdict (1948) as Capt. Kinsella
Bad Men of Tombstone (1949) as William Morgan
A Kiss in the Dark (1949) as Mr. Botts
Night Unto Night (1949) as C.L. Shawn
Anna Lucasta (1949) as Frank
All the King's Men (1949) as Willie Stark
Cargo to Capetown (1950) as Johnny Phelan
Convicted (1950) as George Knowland
Born Yesterday (1950) as Harry Brock
Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Awards (1951) as Himself
The Mob (1951) as Johnny Damico
Scandal Sheet (1952) as Mark Chapman aka George Grant
Lone Star (1952) as Thomas Craden
Rainbow 'Round My Shoulder (1952) as <mask> <mask> (uncredited)
Stop, You're Killing Me (1952) as Remy Marko
Last of the Comanches (1953) as Sgt. Matt Trainor
The Last Posse (1953) as Sheriff John Frazier
Night People (1954) as Charles Leatherby
Human Desire (1954) as Carl Buckley
Down Three Dark Streets (1954) as FBI Agent John 'Rip' Ripley
New York Confidential (1955) as Charlie Lupo
Big House, U.S.A. (1955) as Rollo Lamar
Not as a Stranger (1955) as Dr. Aarons
Il bidone (1955) as Augusto
Man on a Bus (1955) as Bus driver
The Fastest Gun Alive (1956) as Vinnie Harold
Between Heaven and Hell (1956) as Capt. 'Waco' Grimes - 'G' Co. CO
The Decks Ran Red (1958) as Henry Scott
Goliath and the Dragon (1960) as King Eurystheus
Square of Violence (1961) as Dr. Stefan Bernardi
Convicts 4 (1962) as Warden
The Virginian (1963 episode "A Killer in Town") as George Wolfe
The Castilian (1963) as Don Sancho
No temas a la ley (1963) as Man in hotel (uncredited)
A House Is Not a Home (1964) as Harrigan
Up from the Beach (1965) as MP Major
Kid Rodelo (1966) as Joe Harbin
 Mutiny at Fort Sharpe (1966) as Colonel Lenox
The Oscar (1966) as Sheriff
The Texican (1966) as Luke Starr
The Vulture (1966) as Brian F. Stroud
Red Tomahawk (1967) as Columbus Smith
Ransom Money (1970) as Inspector Joseph Medford
Hell's Bloody Devils (1970) as Gavin
The Naughty Cheerleader (1970) as B.J Hankins
Gregorio and His Angel (1970) as Gregorio
The Yin and the Yang of Mr. Go (1970) as Parker
Embassy (1972) as Frank Dunniger
The Candidate (1972) as Jarmon as Narrator (voice, uncredited)
Terror in the Wax Museum (1973) as Amos Burns
The Phantom of Hollywood (1974) as Capt. O'Neal
Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (1976) as Special Effects Man
Look What's Happened to Rosemary's Baby (1976) as Sheriff Holtzman
Mayday at 40,000 Feet! (1976) as Marshal Riese
Proof of the Man (1977) as Police Captain O'Brien
The Private Files of J. Edgar Hoover (1977) as J. Edgar Hoover
The Hughes Mystery (1979)
A Little Romance (1979) as Broderick 'Brod' Crawford
Harlequin (1980) as Doc Wheelan
There Goes the Bride (1980) as Gas Station Attendant
Liar's Moon (1982) as Col. Tubman
 (1982) as Mike Carrady
The Creature Wasn't Nice (1983) as Max the Computer (voice, uncredited) (final film role)
Maharlika (1987; also known as Guerilla Strike Force) as Gen. Hadley

Radio appearances

See also

References

External links

 Watch Highway Patrol
 Broderick Crawford in Il Bidone
 Profile @ Turner Classic Movies

1911 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
Harvard College alumni
Male Western (genre) film actors
Male actors from Philadelphia
Military personnel from Philadelphia
People from Freeport, New York
People from Rancho Mirage, California
United States Army Air Forces non-commissioned officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Western (genre) television

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Crawford
Crawford
Broderick
Crawford
Crawford
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Broderick
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Legacy Crawford
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title: Ruth Ann Musick

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<mask> (September 17, 1897 – July 2, 1974) was an American author and folklorist specializing in West Virginia. She was the sister of artist <mask> and niece of author John R<mask>. Biography

Youth and education
Born in Kirksville, Missouri, to <mask> and Zada (or Sadie) Goeghegan, Musick received a Bachelor of Science degree in Education from Kirksville State Teacher's College (now Truman State University) in 1919. From September 1919 to June 1921 Musick taught at Luana High School, Luana, Iowa, before moving to Garwin, Iowa in 1921, where she taught at Garwin High School until June 1922. She then continued her education at the State University of Iowa, graduating with a Master of Science in mathematics in 1928. Between 1923 and 1931, Musick taught at Logan High School, in La Crosse, Wisconsin. For five years beginning in 1931 she taught at Phoenix Union High School, Phoenix, Arizona, before returning to the Midwest in 1938 to begin her doctoral study at the State University of Iowa.It was here that her interest in folklore developed. She was granted a Doctor of Philosophy in English in 1943. Her dissertation was a never-published novel, “Hell’s Holler,” dealing with the primitive conditions of her native Chariton River Valley and its tensions with the college of osteopathic medicine in nearby Kirksville, Missouri. While the novel reflects in some measure her grappling with her brief and unhappy marriage to an alcoholic artist, which ended in divorce in 1941, it draws heavily on events, people, and folk beliefs that surrounded her in her childhood. Career
Musick began her college teaching career at Iowa's William Penn College, Oskaloosa, Iowa in 1942; two years later she became a member of the faculty of Iowa Wesleyan College. In 1946 she moved to West Virginia to accept a teaching position at Fairmont State College now Fairmont State University where she continued to teach until her retirement in May 1967. She felt that the Appalachian region surrounding the college was ripe for fieldwork in folklore, and the college in need of courses on folk literature.She laid out a program of research which was approved by college president George H. Hand, and the college’s first folklore course was inaugurated in 1948. In 1950 she revived the state’s folklore society, dormant since 1917 (two years after its founding), and in 1951 became the founding editor of West Virginia Folklore, serving in that capacity until her retirement in 1967. According to her eulogy by William Hugh Jansen, Folklore Professor at the University of Kentucky, she had become “a public relations agent for West Virginia Folklore.” At the same time, she wrote two folklore columns for West Virginia newspapers: “The Old Folks Say” for the Times-West Virginian in Fairmont and “Sassafras Tea” for the Allegheny Journal in Elkins and Marlinton, while making numerous conference appearances, publishing regularly in a wide variety of journals, offering workshops and public presentations, and giving talks on radio and television. She was also active as a poet, writer of short stories, and dramatist with community theater programs. Although little of her fiction was published, she continued writing this as well as collecting and publishing folklore. Her fiction (novels, stories, children's stories) weaves folk beliefs into the narrative. Throughout her life, Musick was a passionate activist on behalf of animals (she was a vegetarian from the age of six), justice for Native Americans, and environmental causes, activist in her writings against mountaintop removal mining, acid rain, and other issues.Dr. <mask> was diagnosed with spinal cancer on November 8, 1973, and died July 2, 1974 in Fairmont, West Virginia at age 76. In the interests of medical progress, she had allowed herself to be subjected to experimental treatments. Her papers are now archived in the West Virginia Folklife Center at Fairmont State. In 1980, the university library was renamed in her honor. Works

Books
Hell's Holler (2020), <mask>'s 1943 novel (and Iowa doctoral dissertation), based on folklore of Adair County MO, published as a special issue of the Missouri Folklore Society Journal, with illustrations by her brother, artist <mask>. Ballads, Folk Songs, and Folk Tales from West Virginia (1960), Morgantown:West Virginia University Library
The Telltale Lilac Bush and Other West Virginia Ghost Tales (1965), Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky
Green Hills of Magic, West Virginia Folktales From Europe (1970), Lexington: The  University Press of Kentucky
Coffin Hollow and Other Ghost Tales (1977), Lexington: The  University Press of Kentucky
 Mountain Mother Goose: Child Lore of West Virginia (posthumous: 2013) Fairmont: Fairmont State University

Short stories and articles
1946. “A Missouri Dance Call.” Journal of American Folklore, 59, 323-34.1946. “Three Folksongs from Missouri.” Hoosier Folklore, 5 (March 1946), 29-34. 1946. “Iowa Student Tales,” Hoosier Folklore, 5 (September 1946), 103-110. 1947. “Folklore from West Virginia,” Hoosier Folklore, 6 (June 1947), 41- 49. 1947.“The Old Album of William A. Larkin.” Journal of American Folklore, 60, 201-51. 1947. “A Snake Story from West Virginia.” Journal of American Folklore, 60, 301. 1947. Review of Ozark Folksongs, Vol. I, by Vance Randolph. Journal of American Folklore, *60, 434-36. 1948.“West Virginia Folklore.” Hoosier Folklore, 7 (March 1948), 1-14. 1948. “The Tune the Old Cow Died On,” Hoosier Folklore, 7 (December 1948), 105-106. 1949. Review of Ozark Folksongs, Vols. II-III, by Vance Randolph. Journal of American Folklore, 62, 453-55. 1950.“Children's Rhymes from Missouri.” (written in collaboration with Vance Randolph) Journal of American Folklore, 63, 425-37. 1950. “Skeletons from a Homespunner's Closet,” From the Manuscript of James S. Williams. Hoosier Folklore, 9 (October–December 1950), 111-116. 1951. “Folksong Hunters in Missouri.” (written in collaboration with Vance Randolph) Midwest Folklore, 1,23-31. 1951.“Juggin' Party Tales.” Southern Folklore Quarterly, 15 (September), 211-219. 1951. Review of Ozark Folksongs, Vol. IV, by Vance Randolph. Journal of American Folklore, 64, 442-43. 1952. “Indiana Witch Tales.” Journal of American Folklore, 65, 57-65. 1952.“Omens and Tokens of West Virginia.” Midwest Folklore, 2, 263- 267. 1956. “European Folktales in West Virginia.” Midwest Folklore, 6, 27- 37. 1957. “Ballads and Folksongs from West Virginia: Part I.” Journal of American Folklore, 70, 247-61. 1957. “Ballads and Folksongs from West Virginia: Part II.” Journal of American Folklore, 70, 336-57.1957. "The Man Who Could Ride Lightning." Colorado Quarterly,  6, 1 (Summer 1957), 17-29
1958. “West Virginia Ghost Stories.” Midwest Folklore, 8, 21-28. 1960. “The Trickster Story in West Virginia.” Midwest Folklore, 10, 125-132. 1963."Jesse James and the Mortgage Holders." Colorado Quarterly, 7, 2 (Autumn 1963), 129-139
1974. Witchcraft and the Devil in West Virginia.Appalachian Journal: A Regional Studies Review, 1974. 1, 271-76. Sources
Byers, Judy Prozillo, "<mask> Musick — The Show-Me Mountaineer: A Missourian Adopted by West Virginia', Missouri Folklore Society Journal, 1986-87. 8-9, 89-114. Prozzillo, Judy, "<mask> Musick", West Virginia Encyclopedia, Supplemental Vol.25.pp. 230–232. <mask>, Pat, niece of <mask> <mask>: letters and papers of <mask> <mask> and of her other nieces

1897 births
1974 deaths
People from Kirksville, Missouri
Truman State University alumni
University of Iowa alumni
Deaths from spinal cancer
Deaths from cancer in West Virginia
Neurological disease deaths in West Virginia
American folklorists
Women folklorists
William Penn University faculty
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American writers
Iowa Wesleyan University faculty
Fairmont State University faculty
Writers from Missouri
Writers from West Virginia
Schoolteachers from Wisconsin
American women academics

masks:
Ruth Ann Musick
Archie Musick
. Musick
Levi Prince Musick
Musick
Musick
Archie Musick
Ruth Ann
Ruth Ann
Musick
Ruth Ann
Musick
Ruth Ann
Musick


title: Frank Moss

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<mask>Ted<mask> (September 23, 1911 – January 29, 2003) was an American lawyer and politician. A Democrat, he served as a United States Senator from Utah from 1959 to 1977. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Holladay, a suburb of Salt Lake City, Utah, as the youngest of seven children of James Edward and Maude (née Nixon) <mask>. His father, a well-known secondary school educator, was known as the "father of high school athletics" in Utah. In 1929, he graduated from Granite High School, where he had been freshman class president, editor of the school newspaper, two-time state debate champion, and center on the football team. <mask> then attended the University of Utah, where he was a double major in speech and history. During college, he was sophomore class president and coach of the varsity debate team.He graduated magna cum laude in 1933. The following year, he married Phyllis Hart (the daughter of Charles H. Hart), to whom he remained married until his death in 2003; the couple had one daughter and three sons. <mask> studied at the George Washington University Law School in Washington, D.C., where he was editor of The George Washington Law Review (1936–1937). While studying in Washington, he worked at the National Recovery Administration, the Resettlement Administration, and the Farm Credit Administration. He received his Juris Doctor degree cum laude in 1937. Early career
After his admission to the bar, <mask> was a member of the legal staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission from 1937 to 1939. He then returned to Utah, where he opened a private practice in Salt Lake City and became a law clerk to Utah Supreme Court justice James H. Wolfe.In his first run for public office, he was elected a judge of Salt Lake City's Municipal Court in 1940. During World War II, he served with the U.S. Army Air Forces in the judge advocate general's department in the European Theater (1942–1945). Following his military service, <mask> returned to Salt Lake City and was re-elected as city judge, serving in that position until his resignation in 1950. He served as county attorney for Salt Lake County from 1950 to 1959. During those years, he practiced law in the firms of Moss & Hyde (1951–1955) and Moss & Cowley (1955–1959). In 1956, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor of Utah, losing to City Commissioner L.C. Romney.U.S. Senate
In 1958, <mask> ran for the U.S. Senate against two-term incumbent Arthur V. Watkins, a close ally of both the Eisenhower administration and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (see also Mormon), and also against J. Bracken Lee, a non-Mormon and former two-term Utah governor (1949–57), who was running as an independent after losing to Watkins in the Republican primary. The Republican vote was split in the general election, largely over local dissatisfaction with Watkins's having chaired the committee that censured Senator Joseph McCarthy, and <mask> won election with less than 40 percent of the vote. <mask> was an original sponsor of laws to create Medicaid, a program to cover health care for low income people. <mask> was elected to a second term in 1964, defeating Brigham Young University President Ernest L. Wilkinson. He was elected to a third term in 1970 defeating four-term Congressman Laurence J. Burton. He gained national prominence with regard to environmental, consumer, and health care issues. <mask> became an expert on water issues and wrote The Water Crisis in 1967.He worked to secure additional national parks for Utah and started important investigations into the care of the elderly in nursing and retirement homes, and into physicians' abuses of the federal Medicaid program. In 1976, his capacity as chairman of the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Long-Term Care, Senator <mask> made a first-hand investigation of waste, fraud and mismanagement in the Medicaid program by posing as a patient and visiting the East Harlem Medical Center in New York City. Despite having no complaints of symptoms and having had his health checked by his own physician a month before, Senator <mask> "was given a costly series of tests" and then told to come back the next day for more unnecessary tests that were billed to the federal government. In 1974, <mask> joined Senator <mask> (D-Idaho) to sponsor the first legislation to provide federal funding for hospice care programs. The bill did not have widespread support and was not brought to a vote. Congress finally included a Hospice benefit in Medicare in 1982. In 1976 <mask> backed a constitutional amendment overturning Roe v. Wade and outlawing abortion.<mask> chaired the Consumer Subcommittee of the Senate Commerce Committee where he sponsored a measure, the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1966, requiring detailed labeling on cigarette packages noting the health hazards of smoking and banning tobacco advertising on radio and television. He also sponsored the Consumer Product Warranty and Guarantee Act (known as the Magnuson-Moss Act), the Toy Safety Act, the Product Safety Act, and the Poison Prevention Packaging Act. He was also Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences from 1973 to 1977. <mask> ran for a fourth term in 1976 against Republican Orrin Hatch. Among other issues, Hatch criticized <mask>'s 18-year tenure in the Senate, saying "What do you call a Senator who’s served in office for 18 years? You call him home." Hatch argued that many Senators, including <mask>, had lost touch with their constituents.Hatch won the election by an unexpectedly wide nine-point margin and proceeded to hold that seat for the next 42 years. Afterwards, <mask> returned to the practice of law in Washington, D.C. and Salt Lake City. To date, he is the last Democrat to represent Utah in the U.S. Senate. References

External links
 <mask> at the Utah History Encyclopedia

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1911 births
2003 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Democratic Party United States senators
District attorneys in Utah
George Washington University Law School alumni
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States senators from Utah
University of Utah alumni
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission personnel
Utah Democrats
Utah state court judges
Politicians from Salt Lake City
Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army
Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Air Force

masks:
Frank Edward "
" Moss
Frank Moss
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Frank Church
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Frank Moss