title: Brazo de Platino

texts:
Daniel Alvarado Nieves (born March 7, 1973) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, better known by the ring name Brazo de Platino ("Platinum Arm"). He is a part of the extensive Alvarado wrestling family that was founded by his father Shadito Cruz and includes Alvarado's five older brothers as well as a large number of third-generation wrestlers. Most of the wrestlers in the Alvarado family is using or has used a ring name with the word "Brazo" ("Arm") in it at some point in their career. Alvarado has worked for a number of Mexican professional wrestling promotion, but is currently working on the Mexican Independent circuit and not permanently for one specific promotion. Professional wrestling career
Daniel Alvarado Nieves was the youngest of six sons of Shadito Cruz and the last one to make his debut in 1986 after training under both his father and his brother Jesús Alvarado Nieves, better known as Brazo <mask>. Initially he wrestled as Shadito Cruz Jr. and is the only Alvarado sibling to officially be billed as such. Brazo de Platino
After a few years as a professional wrestler Daniel Alvarado adopted a new ring name and character, Brazo de Platino ("Platinum Arm"), a name inspired by the ring name of his older brothers Brazo de Oro, Brazo de Plata, and El Brazo.The last two Alvarado siblings also adopted "Brazo" names and became Súper Brazo and Brazo Cibernético. While his three oldest brothers had worked as "Los Brazos" and other Brazos had at times replaced one of them, Brazo de Platino, Brazo Cibernético, and Súper Brazo worked as Los Nuevo Brazos for the Universal Wrestling Association starting in 1992. By 1994 the UWA collapsed and stopped promoting shows altogether. In the years following the collapse of the UWA <mask> <mask> became a regular on the Mexican independent circuit, especially around Mexico City, oftentimes teaming with Súper Brazo  and Brazo Cibernético until the death of Brazo Cibernético in 1999. In 2000 Brazo de Platino began working regularly for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL), one of Mexico's largest wrestling promotions. During his time in CMLL he became involved in a long-running storyline feud against Olímpico, a storyline that led <mask> <mask> losing his mask as he was forced to unmask after losing a Luchas de Apuestas, or bet match, on July 27, 2000, to Olímpico. The mask lost meant that all six Alvarado siblings had lost their masks in Luchas de Apuestas matches.Over the years <mask> <mask> became more of a "Special attraction" wrestler, brought in by a promoter for a few events but not working regularly, long term for any promotion. Brazo <mask>ado brothers often lost their hair in Luchas de Apuestas matches, losing to wrestlers such as Black Warrior, El Dandy, Rey Bucanero, Zumbido, Alan Stone, Villano III, Villano IV, and Ray Mendoza Jr. Brazo <mask> even even lost his hair to how own brother, Súper Brazo, on at least two occasions, both times as a result of the brothers losing a Relevos Suicidas where they were forced to fight each other as a result. <mask> began working for Toryumon Mexico in 2010 as he participated in their annual Yamaha Cup where Brazo de Platino and Brazo de Plata lost in the first round to El Hijo del Fantasma and Angélico. He also participated in the Dragonmania V "Dragon Scramble" match but lost to Hijo <mask>tasma. For later Toryumon shows Brazo <mask> worked as the enmascarado character "Super Makita", a gimmick based on the show sponsor Makita power tools. In the first appearance as Super Makita he teamed up with "Super Suzuki", another sponsored character. The following year <mask> (as <mask>), participated in the "Dragon Scramble" match at DragonMania VI, but lost to Hajime Ohara.On February 2, 2013, <mask> <mask> and Súper Brazo took part in another chapter in the decade long feud between the Alvarado brothers and Los Villanos as the two lost a Luchas de Apuestas to Villano III and Villano IV and was once again shaved bald. On February 17, 2013, Súper <mask> and the rest of the Alvarado family held a special show, Homenaje a Shadito Cruz ("Homage to Shadito Cruz") where he teamed up with Súper <mask> and competed in the La Copa Shadito Cruz tournament, defeating El Hijo de Fishman and El Hijo de Canek before losing to their nephews Máximo and La Máscara in the semi-finals of the tournament. The Alvarado family

The Alvarado wrestling family spans three generations starting with Shadito Cruz followed by his 6 sons and a third-generation of wrestlers that started working in the late 1990s. At least two different wrestlers have worked under the ring name "Brazo de Platino Jr." The first Brazo <mask> Jr. was Jose Cristian Alvarado Ruiz, the son of José Luis Alvarado (Brazo de Plata), who used the name since someone else was already wrestling as "Brazo de Plata Jr. He used the name until changing his ring character in 2004 to Maximo. In 2010 another wrestler began working as Brazo de Platino Jr. but it was never confirmed if he truly was the son of Alvarado, a member of the Alvarado family or someone who was allowed to use the name and thus only had a storyline, or fictional, connection to the family. On May 19, 2017 footage of Daniel Alvarado and other members of the Alvarado family, notably his nephews José (Máximo Sexy), Felipe Alvarado (La Máscara), Psycho Clown and Robin, destroying the Ford Mustang belonging to José Gutiérrez, better known as Último Guerrero.The vandalism was reportedly motivated by the fact that Gutiérrez had spoken out against Felipe Alvarado as a possible the head of the wrestler's union after the death of Alvarado's father. The head of the CMLL wrestlers' union had been in the Avarado family for over a decade and the Alvarado family believed it should go to someone in their family. The following day CMLL reportedly fired both Felipe and José Alvarado. † = deceased

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1973 births
Alvarado wrestling family
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Mexico City

masks:
de Oro
Brazo
de Platino
Brazo
de Platino
Brazo
de Platino
de Platinovar
de Platino
Platino
del Fan
de Platino
Platino
Platino
Brazo
de Platino
Brazo
Brazo
de Platino


title: Charles Yukl

type: original

texts:
<mask>Charlie<mask> (February 14, 1935 – August 22, 1982) was a ragtime pianist and murderer from New York City. Early life
<mask> was born in Baltimore in 1935 to Czech parents, pianist and conductor Dorothea Freitag (Yukl) and trumpeter <mask><mask>; his brother <mask> was born in 1938 in Falls Church, Virginia. Yukl could play piano and sight-read music by age 4, and studied at the Peabody Conservatory. His parents divorced when he was 7, and the boys and their father moved to Los Angeles. The New York Daily News reported that Yukl set eight fires at age 9, and the Los Angeles Times that Yukl later attributed beatings and random cruelties to his "perfectionist, demanding" parents. Yukl dropped out of North Hollywood High School, joined the U.S. Navy for two years, and returned to his mother in New York City. "Apparently urged" by his mother, Yukl became a professional ragtime pianist in Manhattan, in Union City, New Jersey, and in the Catskills, often using the name Yogi Freitag.He was also a volunteer auxiliary policeman, a musical director, a typist, an apartment manager, an accompanist, and a voice and piano teacher. He married fellow photography student Enken in 1961. Victims

Suzanne Reynolds
At 9:45 p.m. on Monday, October 24, 1966, Yukl called the police to report the finding of the nude body of 25-year-old Suzanne Reynolds, his $5-per-hour student and a native Floridian, in a vacant apartment in his building. He told Patrolman <mask> of the 13th Precinct that after her regular voice lesson he had "returned from walking his dog, noticed the apartment door open, entered, found the body, and promptly notified the police," according to assistant district attorney Robert K. Tanenbaum. After hours of questioning, backup detectives, noticing unusual stains on Yukl's shoes, asked him to accompany them to the precinct house on East 21st Street, to which he consented. Not having direct evidence, police continued the questioning, with coffee and cigarette breaks, until 6:45 a.m., when "one of the detectives suddenly noticed stains on Yukl's trousers", leading immediately to a reading of Yukl's rights to remain silent, as defined by the U.S. Supreme Court only four months earlier. At 10 a.m. on the 25th, facing continuous questioning, Yukl admitted having argued with Reynolds, and having sodomized the body upon discovery.After consulting his wife Enken with police permission, he stated that he wanted to provide more information, and met district attorney Frank Hogan's assistant John F. Keenan at 12:40 p.m. When Keenan requested the truth, <mask> proceeded to confess to the murder in detail: he had strangled her with a black necktie, paused to drink some Rheingold Beer, and dragged her stripped body upstairs and mutilated it with a knife, leaving a blood trail on the steps and skin traces in the carpet tacks and staples. By 1:45 p.m., <mask> had identified the tie retrieved by officers as the murder weapon. He was booked by Sergeant Francis McCluskey, appeared before Judge Francis O'Brien, and charged with murder by 3 p.m. the same day. His attorney had not arrived at the jail. <mask> was indicted by a grand jury November 3, 1966, but did not stand trial, and was released on bail in July 1967. Because attorney George P. Monaghan held that the confession was invalid on the grounds that <mask> was not advised of his rights before interrogation began, Keenan (now prosecutor) and Monaghan plea-bargained in February 1968 to agree to a charge of manslaughter; Keenan later cited "grave fears" at the office about appeal and overturn and doubt about proving premeditation in a first-degree murder trial.Judge George Postel sentenced Yukl to seven and a half to fifteen years including time served. In a memo at sentencing, Keenan recommended against parole for "severity of crime and leniency of sentence". A "model inmate", Yukl served five years and four months total (at state prisons; at Sing Sing from August 1969 to August 1970, called "two years" by the Daily News; and the remainder at the medium-security Wallkill Correctional Facility). He was paroled June 19, 1973, and moved into his wife's apartment in Greenwich Village. Wallkill superintendent Harold N. Butler, parole board spokesman Jerry Houlihan, and state psychiatrist Emanuel Feuer defended Yukl for parole as trustworthy and rehabilitated; Keenan's memo was the only negative indicator reported by parole board chair Paul J. Regan. Karin Schlegel
Police stated Yukl then advertised in theatrical publications for actresses and photographer's models; he presented himself as a first-time film director. On August 20 or 21, 1974, the body of 23-year-old Karin Schlegel (sometimes spelled "Karen") was found on the roof of a Greenwich Village apartment after being strangled, stripped, and mutilated.Parole officer Benjamin Lichtenstein saw the TV report, recognized the address as <mask>'s, and informed the 13th Precinct; also, "a veteran detective, Baezler, tipped Assistant D.A. Tanenbaum to the news, who carried it to Keenan." After an investigation, <mask> was arrested August 24 for the murder of the 19th, and indicted on September 6. Tanenbaum stated that the district attorney and chief of detectives rushed the arrest rather than set a trap to obtain a free confession, and reported "aghast" that Keenan "goaded a confession" even after <mask> asked for a lawyer. Lawrence Feitell was eventually appointed by the court as his lawyer, and <mask> struck another bargain on June 3, 1976, to plead guilty and accept a sentence of fifteen years to life. Death
On August 21, 1982, <mask> barricaded himself in his Clinton Correctional Facility cell, but was "talked out" by a psychologist and released to an observation cell in the infirmary. The next day he was found hanged with a strip of cloth torn from his mattress cover, with his death ruled a suicide.Legacy

The Piano Teacher

Assistant district attorney Robert K. Tanenbaum, who went on to an extended career as novelist and mayor of Beverly Hills, wrote the nonfiction The Piano Teacher: The True Story of a Psychotic Killer as his third book in 1987, collaborating with journalist and producer Peter S. Greenberg to depict Yukl's story in detail. Reviewers said, "Stinging drama, moral momentum, and intelligent speculation about the flaws of the criminal justice system make this an unusually provocative and satisfying true-crime chronicle," "strangely sympathetic: He was a kind of monster, of course, but also a man who knew he was trapped." Other reviewers cited "disjointed and redundant maunderings", "careless oversights in the connective material", and "not much satisfaction in the way of pedagogy." The Final Act

In "The Final Act", an episode of Investigation Discovery's documentary Fatal Encounters, which dramatizes real cases of killer-victim relationships, Yukl was portrayed by music director Kevin B. Winebold, who specializes in portraying serial killers and has had several such true crime reenactment roles. The episode was based on The Piano Teacher, according to Winebold; it was filmed in Manhattan in May and June 2013, and was broadcast in January 2014. Recidivism

The Los Angeles Times echoed Tanenbaum's outrage at the insanity defense in the case of "a psychotic murderer able to masquerade as a meek music coach," with Kirkus Reviews calling him "blind to incriminating evidence" and People a "psychotic killer". Noting three other books of the same title, reviewer and music teaching association member Jennifer Lacy reported that "outrageous" piano teachers "make provocative fiction or bestselling pulp", describing Yukl as "a madman who was set on fulfilling his own sadistic and homicidal dreams."Immediately upon the second murder, <mask> was regarded as a "textbook example" of the problems of rehabilitation and parole. Lawyer Feitell said, "All this cross-fire among different agencies to affix blame for his parole and early release is going to make it difficult to get a fair trial." The L.A. Times said in relation to Yukl, "the revolving door of the criminal justice system has become a broken centrifuge, no longer capable of separating the reformed embezzler from the vicious murderer." It held that Schlegel's murder was "entirely attributable to the killer's premature release from prison. In Yukl's case as in thousands of others, the antiquated machinery of the law was completely overwhelmed by the job it was devised to perform." He became regarded as "a killer whose accomplice is the ineptness of the legal system." References

1935 births
1982 suicides
American murderers
American people of Czech descent
Musicians from Baltimore
Musicians from New York City
Ragtime pianists
20th-century American pianists
American male pianists
20th-century American male musicians
North Hollywood High School alumni
Murderers who committed suicide in prison custody
Suicides by hanging in New York (state)

masks:
Charles William "
" Yukl
Charles William Yukl
Charles W
. Yukl
Tex Yukl
Charles McMillen
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl
Yukl


title: Leopold Damrosch

texts:
<mask> (October 22, 1832 – February 15, 1885) was a German American orchestral conductor and composer. Biography
<mask> was born in Posen (Poznań), Kingdom of Prussia, the son of <mask>. His father was Jewish and his mother was Lutheran. <mask> was baptized a Lutheran when marrying his wife, former opera singer Helene von Heimburg. Damrosch began his musical education at the age of nine, learning the violin against the wishes of his parents, who wanted him to become a doctor. Capitulating to the wishes of his parents he entered the University of Berlin and completed his PhD in medicine but during his spare time he studied violin under Ries, and thoroughbass with Dehn and Bohmer. After he completed his degree <mask> decided to dedicate his life and energy to music.He gained fame as a violinist and began to play to large audiences in many major German cities including Berlin and Hamburg. He went to Weimar, and was received by Franz Liszt, who appointed him solo-violinist in the Ducal orchestra. It has been said mistakenly that Liszt dedicated his Symphonic poem № 2 (Tasso, Lamento e Trionfo) to Damrosch. However, Liszt did dedicate the similarly named Le Triomphe funèbre du Tasse, the third part of Trois odes funèbres, to Damrosch who conducted the first performance in New York on March 24, 1877. <mask> first appeared as a conductor during the season of 1859 where he conducted the Philharmonic concerts in Breslau. He continued to conduct the Philharmonic for three years due to the success of this season. In 1862 <mask> founded a symphonic society in Breslau with an orchestra of eighty performers, modelled after the Gewandhaus concerts of Leipzig.This society gained fame throughout Germany and <mask> invited Liszt to conduct several of the performances, an invitation which he accepted. Wagner also accepted the invitation to conduct his own manuscript compositions in the winter of 1867. In 1871, <mask> emigrated to the United States of America at the invitation of the Arion Society in New York. At his first concerts in the United States he introduced himself as conductor, composer, and violinist. At his successful debut in New York on 6 May 1871, <mask> played as violin soloist at the first time with the New York Philharmonic, performing Beethoven Violin concerto with his own cadenza on the program at the Academy of Music. He participated in many concerts over this period and in 1873 he founded the Oratorio Society of New York. The first concert of this society was later that year and consisted of a programme of works by Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Friedrich Handel, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and others.In 1874 <mask> gave another concert at the Oratorio Society, this the first with a full orchestra, consisting of Handel's Samson. For Christmas that year Messiah was performed. In 1876,  <mask> succeeded Carl Bergmann at the helm of the New York Philharmonic, but his high-minded programming -
e.g. the entire first act of Wagner's Die Walküre - frightened the typical New York subscriber, so his tenure with the orchestra was over. In 1877 <mask>, in connection with a number of persons interested in the cultivation of orchestral music, established the Symphony society. This society became closely identified with the Oratorio Society and several joint performances were organized. The co-operation of these societies reached its climax in the great "musical festival" which was held in the armory of the 7th regiment in New York, from 3 till 7 May 1881.The chorus numbered 1,200, the main body being the Oratorio Society, which was augmented by various choral societies from neighboring towns. An additional chorus of 1,000 young ladies from the Normal College and 250 boys from the Church choirs took part in the afternoon concerts. The orchestra was composed of 250 pieces, and Dr. Damrosch selected a large number of artists for soloists. Among the choral works performed were Handel's Dettingen Te Deum and Messiah; Rubinstein's Tower of Babel (first time); Berlioz's Grande Messe des Mortes (first time); and Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. The audience numbered from 8,000 to 10,000 at each concert, and the enthusiasm for the projector of this enterprise resulted in an ovation on the last night. The degree of Doctor of Music was conferred upon him by Columbia in 1880. In 1883, Damrosch traveled extensively through the west with his orchestra.In September 1884, he began a remarkable series of operatic performances as General Manager and chief conductor of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The company had experienced great financial losses during its first season of Italian opera under director Henry Abbey. For its second season it turned to Damrosch to direct the company in German repertory. The company comprised some of the greatest artists of the German opera houses, and, in contrast with the hitherto prevailing mode, every part, even the smallest, was carefully presented. Twelve of the operas performed were comparative novelties, the most important of which were Wagner's Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, and Die Walküre, and Beethoven's Fidelio. This proved to be <mask>'s last effort. He conducted every performance except during the last week of his life, when he took a severe cold, from which he never recovered.He died in New York City in 1885. <mask> was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City. Family
His sons <mask> and Walter Johannes <mask>, both born in Breslau, in 1859 and 1862 respectively, both succeeded him as conductors of the Oratorio Society of New York. His daughter, Clara Mannes, was a music teacher. His grandchildren were musician <mask> and writer Marya Mannes. Works
 Am Manzanares, op. 11 no.10
 An, op. 8 no. 5
 An den Mond, op. 17 no. 4
 Bedeckt mich mit Blumen, op. 11 no. 7
 Bedeckt mich mit Blumen, op.11 no. 3
 Bitte, op. 5 no. 1
 Cantatas 1 - 7
 Das Meer erstrahlt im Sonnenschein, op. 16 no. 1
 Dereinst, dereinst, op. 11 no.4
 Dich lieb' ich inniglich, op. 7 no. 3 (E. Kern)
 Die blauen Frühlingsaugen, op. 13 no. 3
 Die du bist so schön und rein, op. 10 no. 3
 Es war ein alter König, op.10 no. 4
 Fantasie for Violin and Orchestra
 Frühling, op. 16 no. 2
 Frühlingslied, op. 6 no. 3
 Geh, Geliebter, geh jetzt!, op. 11 no.6
 Hör' ich das Liedchen klingen, op. 10 no. 2
 Ich halte ihr die Augen zu, op. 16 no. 4
 Ich hatte einst ein schönes Vaterland, op. 13 no. 2
 Ich liebe dich, op.8 no. 1
 In der Ferne, op. 10 no. 1
 Jedweder Geselle, sein Mädel im Arm, op. 16 no. 5
 Kalt und schneidend weht der Wind, op. 8 no.8
 Kommen und Scheiden, op. 5 no. 4
 Liebesfrühling, op. 5 no. 5
 Liebesgruss, op. 14 no. 1 (Volkslieder (Folksongs))
 Lied des Fischerknaben
 Mädchen mit dem rotten Mündchen, op.10 no. 6
 Mignon, op. 17 no. 2
 Nachhall, op. 5 no. 2 ((Ignaz) Julius Lasker)
 Nachtgesang, op. 17 no.3
 Nähe des Geliebten, op. 17 no. 1
 Nelken wind' ich und Jasmin, op. 11 no. 5
 Orchesterstück (1859)
 Schiller's "Joan of Arc"
 Siegfrieds Schwert
 Sulamith
 Symphony in A Major (1878)
 Trost, op. 8 no. 6 (Joseph Christian Freiherrn von Zedlitz)
 Violin Concerto in D minor (pub.by Bote & Bock, 1878). One of at least two violin concertos by the composer; the other, also in D minor, dates from 1874. Von dem Rosenbusch, o Mutter, op. 11 no. 2
 Wandl' ich in dem Wald des Abends, op. 16 no. 3
 Wenn ich auf dem Lager liege, op.10 no. 5
 Wenn ich ihn nur habe, op. 7 no. 2
 Wieder möcht' ich dir begegnen, op. 8 no. 9
 Zuléikha, op. 6 no.2
 Zuversicht, op. 5 no. 3 ((Ignaz) Julius Lasker)

See also
 Walter Johannes Damrosch
 Frank Damrosch

References

External links
 Damrosch Song Cycle and Art Song list
 Article on the Work of Damrosch by Juilliard doctoral student Kati Agócs

Mannes-Damrosch collection, 1848-1986 at the Library of Congress
Damrosch-Tee Van collection, 1856-1969 at the Library of Congress

1832 births
1885 deaths
American classical violinists
Male classical violinists
American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
German classical violinists
German conductors (music)
German male conductors (music)
German emigrants to the United States
German people of Jewish descent
People from the Grand Duchy of Posen
Musicians from Poznań
German Romantic composers
Conductors of the Metropolitan Opera
Music directors of the New York Philharmonic
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
German male classical composers
19th-century American musicians
19th-century German composers
19th-century classical violinists
American male violinists
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)

masks:
Leopold Damrosch
Damrosch
Heinrich Damrosch
Leopold Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Leopold Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Damrosch
Frank Damrosch
Damrosch
Leopold Mannes


title: Mike Epps

texts:
<mask> (born November 18, 1970) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, writer, producer and rapper. He played Day-Day Jones in Next Friday and its sequel, Friday After Next, and also appeared in The Hangover and The Hangover Part III as "Black Doug". He was the voice of main character Boog in Open Season 2, replacing Martin Lawrence, with whom he starred in the comedy Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins, playing "Reggie", cousin of Roscoe (played by Lawrence). He played Lloyd Jefferson "L.J." Wade in the films Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) and Resident Evil: Extinction (2007). He has had starring roles in the sitcoms Uncle Buck and The Upshaws. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in Indianapolis, Indiana, the son of Mary Reed and <mask>.In his adulthood <mask> moved to Brooklyn to star in Def Comedy Jam in 1994. <mask> ended up on the Def Comedy Jam tour and starred in two of HBO's Def Comedy Jam broadcasts. Career

Stand-up comedy
<mask> began his professional career by joining the Def Comedy Jam tour in 1995 and starred in two of HBO's Def Comedy Jam broadcasts. Film career
<mask>' first on-screen appearance came in Vin Diesel's second directorial film, Strays in 1997. In 1999, <mask> was then cast as Ice Cube's co-star in the sequel, Next Friday. This followed weeks of auditions, after Ice Cube attended a stand-up set <mask> did, and then asked <mask> to try out for the role of Day-Day Jones. Later that year, <mask> had a cameo in 3 Strikes, and supported Jamie Foxx in Bait.<mask> had a voice role in the 2001 movie Dr. Dolittle 2 as Sonny the Bear and finished the year with a featured role as comical pimp Baby Powder in How High, starring Method Man and Redman. <mask> reunited with Ice Cube in 2002 as the bumbling thief to Ice Cube's bounty hunter in All About the Benjamins, and again re-teamed with Cube in Friday's second sequel Friday After Next. <mask> also voiced another bear character (Boog) in the 2008 film Open Season 2 after Martin Lawrence declined the role. In 2010, <mask> also released a stand-up comedy special, Under Rated & Never Faded, and hosted the 2010 BET Hip Hop Awards. <mask> starred alongside Jordin Sparks and Whitney Houston in the 2012 remake of Sparkle, in his first non-comedic role as the main antagonist, Satin, a stand-up comic by day, an evil and abusive drug kingpin by night, who is engaged in an affair with the titular character's sister. <mask>' performance was well received by critics and audiences. In 2014, <mask> landed the coveted role of Richard Pryor in a planned Pryor biopic to be directed by Lee Daniels; however, the project has remained in development hell.<mask> did portray Pryor in the 2016 Nina Simone biopic Nina, and is set to play him again in a planned HBO drama series about the L.A. Lakers. <mask> had a starring role in the 2016 comedy horror film Meet the Blacks and its 2021 sequel The House Next Door: Meet the Blacks 2. He also starred as the title character in the single-season 2016 sitcom Uncle Buck. Since 2021, he has been one of the main cast of the Netflix sitcom The Upshaws. Music
<mask> "hosted" the Jim Jones and Skull Gang album Jim Jones & Skull Gang Present A Tribute To Bad Santa Starring <mask>. <mask> has also made a song called "Trying to Be a Gangsta" with Pooh Bear. <mask> also hosted G Unit's 2008 mixtape Elephant In The Sand, appearing on the track "Hollow Thru Him".<mask> also has a song called "Big Girls", which came out in 2008. It was originally recorded by Bow Wow featuring Yung Joc. The song is currently on iTunes and can be found on his album, Funny Bidness: Da Album, which was released October 27, 2009. <mask> also has featured in rapper French Montana's Mac Wit Da Cheese mixtape, which was released on April 19, 2009. <mask> has also featured on the Dom Kennedy song "Intro/Hard Work" on his FutureStreet/DrugSounds mixtape. Part of his stand-up comedy in Under Rated & Never Faded was sampled for the song "I'm On Everything" by Bad Meets Evil on their first EP, Hell: The Sequel and on the track "Runaway", from J. Cole's second album Born Sinner. <mask> was also known in his hometown of Indianapolis as the CEO of Naptown Records.In 2006 he signed local artist Philthyphil. This artist had just been released from prison after serving three years for a drug indictment in which he was the suspected distributor of large amounts of narcotics. The record deal which was reportedly worth $175,000 was later terminated after Phillip "Philthyphil" White was charged with first-degree murder in Oakland, CA in 2007. <mask> has made cameo appearances in many music videos, mostly by hip hop artists, including "Gangsta Nation" (2003) by Westside Connection, "A Bay Bay" (2007) by Hurricane Chris, "No Effort" (2017) by Tee Grizzley, and "Bank Account" (2017) by 21 Savage. Super Bowl XLVI
<mask> served as the "Super Bowl ambassador" in his native Indianapolis for the 2012 Super Bowl. He was featured in commercials promoting the Super Bowl Village and he made special appearances in the Village during the week of the Super Bowl. Controversies
<mask> has been criticized by disability campaigners for mocking physically and mentally disabled children in his stand-up act.On June 1, 2014, <mask> purportedly assaulted fellow stand-up comedian LaVar Walker outside of the Uptown Comedy Club. It was stated <mask> and two of his bodyguards did this in response to Walker making a parody video about <mask> and comedian Kevin Hart. <mask> allegedly struck him in the face and kicked him in the stomach and back, while one of the other two men threw the victim's cellphone and crushed his prescription glasses. Atlanta Police issued a warrant for <mask>' arrest two days later on June 3. Around mid-2017, <mask> received criticism for bringing a kangaroo onto the stage during one of his shows. Many noted the animal looked distressed, with <mask> grabbing and holding it against its will. <mask> later apologized, saying it was completely unscripted and that he would never hurt an animal.Personal life
<mask> is married to OWN Network executive and Iyanla: Fix My Life producer Kyra Robinson. <mask> and Robinson married in Newport Beach, California in June 2019. <mask> was previously married to Mechelle McCain, whom he married in July 2006. <mask> and McCain lived in Beverly Hills, California together until they divorced in September 2017. In a 2019 GQ interview, <mask> denied the long-standing rumor that he is related to fellow actor <mask>, saying, "Are <mask> and <mask> related? No, I think we got the same master, though." Filmography

Film

Television

Comedy Special

Music videos
 "Whatchulookinat" – Whitney Houston
 "Ay Bay Bay" – Hurricane Chris
 "Gangsta Nation" – Westside Connection
 "Why We Thugs" – Ice Cube
 "What You Know" – T.I."ASAP" – T.I. "Never Forget" – Napoleon
 "I'm Lit" – Square Off
 "I Don't Know Y'all" – Young Dro
 "Mrs. Right" – Mindless Behavior featuring Diggy Simmons
 "Nothin'" – NORE
 "I'm on Everything" – Bad Meets Evil
 "How Come You Don't Call Me" – Alicia Keys
 "Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe" – Kendrick Lamar
 "I Was Your Baby"- Angie Stone
 "No Flex Zone!" – Rae Sremmurd
 "Ayo" – Chris Brown and Tyga
 "No Effort" – Tee Grizzley
 "Bank Account" – 21 Savage
 "Let Bygones Be Bygones" – Snoop Dogg
 "Baby" – Angie Stone ft. Betty Wright

Discography
 Studio albums
 Funny Bidness: Da Album (2009)

 Collaboration albums
 A Tribute to Bad Santa Starring <mask> (with Jim Jones & Skull Gang) (2008)
 Omar Ray Life & Timez of Suge Gotti, Vol. 1 (2012)

 Guest Appearances
2009: "I'm a Go and Get My..." with (Busta Rhymes) on Back on My B.S. 2016: "2011 BET Cypha" with (Termanology, French Montana, Wais P, Rico Staxx, & Cross) on Cameo King III

Singles
 "Big Girls" (2008)
 "Trying to Be a Gangsta" (2009)
 "Aint Chu You?" (2009)

References

External links

Living people
Midwest hip hop musicians
African-American film producers
American male film actors
African-American writers
American writers
American stand-up comedians
American male voice actors
Rappers from Indiana
Male actors from Indianapolis
African-American male actors
American male television actors
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Film producers from Indiana
African-American male comedians
20th-century American rappers
21st-century American rappers
African-American male rappers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
People from Roosevelt Island
1970 births
20th-century African-American politicians
21st-century African-American musicians

masks:
Michael Elliot Epps
Epps
Tommie Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Mike Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Mike Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Epps
Omar Epps
Mike Epps
Omar Epps
Mike Epps


title: James Lockhart (Scottish aristocrat)

texts:
<mask> of Lee and Carnwath, <mask> (Wischeart) of the Holy Roman Empire (1727 – 6 February 1790) was a Scottish aristocrat with a successful military career. Early years
<mask> was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland, the second son of a prominent Jacobite family, the Lockharts of Carnwath. His grandfather, <mask>, was the Scottish agent of <mask>, the 'Old Pretender', and the author of the posthumously published 'Lockhart Papers'. These documents, including letters and <mask>'s journal, comprise probably the most important primary source of information on the Jacobite rebellion of 1715. <mask>'s elder brother, also named George, was the personal aide-de-camp to Charles Edward Stuart, the 'Young Pretender', during the Jacobite rising of 1745. Upon the defeat of the rebellion at the Battle of Culloden, <mask> accompanied Prince Charles into exile in Paris. <mask>, his younger brother, was 18 years old at the time.As the son of a known Jacobite family—and a second son at that—<mask>'s prospects in Britain were bleak. He therefore left Scotland, aged 18, to make his way in the world as a soldier of fortune. His first service was as a common soldier in the army of Nadir Shah, the Shah of Persia. How <mask> found his way to Persia is not known for certain. In A Memoir of the 'Forty-Five''', (Chevalier de Johnstone, 1958), a <mask> is mentioned who is probably <mask> (p. 244). The passage is worth quoting in full:

We were scarcely a musket-shot from the shore, when the captain pointed out to me one of the midshipmen in the boat, of the name of <mask>, asking me if I knew his family in Scotland. I answered in the negative, telling him that I had never been in any other service than that of Mrs. Gray.I was uneasy lest Mr. <mask> should have recognized me for, as I had been a schoolfellow of his elder brother and frequently in the house of his father, Mr. <mask> of Carnwath, he might very possibly have known me. He was about eighteen years of age and had been four years in the navy. His eldest brother, the heir to a considerable estate, had been foolish enough, like so many others, to join the standard of Prince Charles. The events described take place in Harwich, as the Chevalier is making his escape from England some months after Culloden. While he does not give the Christian name of this midshipman <mask>, <mask> was in fact eighteen years old when this was written. What is more, his career at sea would help account for his presence some months later in Persia, since the trip overland from Scotland to Persia was exceedingly arduous in 1746. What immediately followed is not known in detail.<mask> traveled Europe enlisting in various armies and learning the military arts. Towards the end of the war of the Austrian Succession he enlisted in the Austrian service to fight in the armies of the Empress Maria Theresa. In 1752 he was commissioned a captain of the Grenadier Company of the 33rd Regiment, but it is likely that he served as a common soldier before that. <mask> fought, often brilliantly, in a series of battles against the Prussians during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763), including the battle of Prague in 1757. At the battle of Kunersdorf (1759) he was instrumental in turning the tide against the Prussians, securing an Austrian victory. He received promotion after the battle from the commanding officer, Field Marshal Freiherr von Laudon. He was again cited for signal bravery at the battle of Landshut (1761).<mask> rose rapidly through the ranks of the Austrian army, and became a general in the Austrian service. Return to Scotland
In 1761 <mask> resigned his commission and returned to Scotland to deal with problems of succession in the family. His father was ailing, and the Lockhart estates were entailed upon his brother George, still living in exile in Paris. George, however, was attainted with treason for his role in the '45, and the family estates would therefore revert to the Crown upon the death of their father, the elder <mask>. Staging the death of the younger <mask> in Paris solved the problem. At his "funeral" a casket full of stones served as his mortal remains. As a result of this successful strategem, the Lockhart estates at Carnwath in Lanark shire thereafter passed to <mask> upon the death of his father.Military service and honours
The Empress Maria Theresa ennobled <mask> in 1782, after a campaign in Lombardy in the service of her grandson, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. As Count <mask>-Wischeart of the Holy Roman Empire he thereafter became a favourite of Maria Theresa's successor, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, and an important personage at his Court. Joseph II was a godfather to <mask>'s son, <mask>, who later inherited the title. <mask> was a Knight of the Order of Maria Theresa and a Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the Emperor Joseph II. He served in the last war the Austrians ever waged against the Turks. In his later years <mask> served on the staff of the Duke of Lorraine, who was the Imperial Viceroy to the Austrian Netherlands. He may also have served in his own right as the Governor General of one of the provinces of the Austrian Netherlands.(Johnstone, 1878)

Aside from documentary evidence of Lockhart's service in the Austrian Netherlands, a pair of silver candlesticks he acquired in Brussels in 1782 or later, and had engraved with his personal crest is extant. . This engraved crest is surmounted by the five pointed coronet appropriate to Lockhart's title. The official portrait of Sir <mask> was taken to Sydney Australia where it has resided with his decedents for over the last 20 years. The Lee Penny
Count <mask> has an interesting connection with Scottish literature and folklore. He owned the
'Lee Penny', a Lockhart family heirloom and the most famous of the Scottish touch pieces. Sir Walter Scott described the Lee Penny in the preface to The Talisman (published 1825), his novel of King Richard the Lion Heart's crusade to the Holy Land. This novel incorporates a fictional magical amulet, or 'Talisman', based upon the history and folklore of the Lee Penny.The Lee Penny is owned by the present heir of the Lockharts, and is currently housed in a gold and enamel snuffbox presented to Count <mask> by the Empress Maria Theresa. See also
Scottish clan
Clan Lockhart
Lockharts of Lee

References

 Brown, Kevin (2017) Artist and Patrons: Court Art and Revolution in Brussels at the end of the Ancien Régime, Dutch Crossing, Taylor and Francis. <mask>, Simon (1977) Seven Centuries: The History of the Lockharts of Lee and Carnwath, SFM Lockhart,
Szechi, Daniel (2002) <mask> of Carnwath 1689 -1727, A Study in Jacobitism,  Tuckwell Press Ltd,
Johnstone, C.L (1878) The Historical Families of Dunfriesshire and the Border Wars. online Available from http://www.electricscotland.com/history/dumfries/index.htm
Johnstone, Chevalier de (1958) (Edited with an Introduction by Brian Rawson) A Memoir of the 'Forty-Five'', Folio Society, London

Footnotes
 Electric Scotland, see Chapter XI, http://www.electricscotland.com/history/dumfries/index.htm

1727 births
1790 deaths
People from Lanarkshire
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music

masks:
James Lockhart
Count Lockhart Wishart
James Lockhart
George Lockhart
James Francis Edward Stuart
George Lockhart
Lockhart
George Lockhart
James Lockhart
James
James
Lockhart
James
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
James
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
George Lockhart
George Lockhart
James Lockhart
James Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Charles Lockhart
Count Lockhart
Lockhart
James
Lockhart
Lockhart
Macdonald Lockhart
George Lockhart


title: Rocca (French rapper)

texts:
<mask> (full name <mask>) is a French-Colombian rapper and producer born on 27 April 1975 in Paris. <mask> is known as one of the best lyricists in French Rap. He gained recognition as a rapper during the 1990s as a part of the influential rap group, La Cliqua. He also was a member of Tres Coronas. He is a cousin of Juan Pablo, Gabriela, Camila, and <mask>. Biography

The La Cliqua years

As a part of La Cliqua, <mask> toured radios and stages, and then released, in 95, a first EP, now considered a master piece of French Rap: "Conçu pour durer" (Built to Last) on Arsenal Records. <mask> delivered, for the first time on record, his then eccentric rhyming style alongside his microphone associates: Daddy Lord C, Kohndo (Doc Odnock), Raphaël (Raphton), Egosyst (Aarafat), Dj Jelahee (Gallegos), Lumumba, Le Chimiste and Mush le Phonky Bwana.Kohndo, Egosyst and Lumumba formed the group Coup d'État Phonique, while Daddy Lord C and <mask> teamed up as La Squadra. The record was an immediate success in the French Hip-Hop scene. Quickly Arsenal Records signed with major label Barclay, and La Cliqua worked on their next project released in 1996 as a compilation album: "Arsenal Represente le Vrai Hip-Hop" (Arsenal represents the Real Hip-Hop). The record featured all members of La Cliqua and their young affiliates: Petit Boss and Cercle Vicieux. Critically acclaimed, La Cliqua became a major feature on the French Hip-Hop landscape. They opened for Arrested Development at the Olympia in Paris and performed in New York City at the Zulu Nation Anniversary. Following in the footsteps of "Represente le Vrai Hip-Hop", <mask> was the first emcee from La Cliqua to release a solo album: "Entre Deux Monde" which featured Kohndo on: "Mot pour mot" and "Rap Contact 2".In 1997, Egosyst, <mask>'s rhyme partner on "Coup d’Etat Phonique" decided to leave La Cliqua. The Tres Coronas years
Tres Coronas formed in New York City in 2001 by <mask>, fellow Colombian rapper P.N.O. with Dominican rapper Reychesta Secret Weapon. La Cliqua Reunion
In April 2008, <mask> and the other members of La Cliqua (minus Raphael) came back together for a performance at the Festival l'Original in Lyon. This successful, unexpected, reunion which resurrected on stage some of La Cliqua's classic repertoire, was followed in January 2009 by a sold out concert in Paris, at the Elysée Montmartre. Discography

With La Cliqua
 1994 Cut Killer & La Cliqua – Mixtape N°11 (Double H Production)
 1995 Conçu pour durer (EP, Arsenal Records)
 1996 Le Vrai Hip-Hop (LP - Arsenal Records)
 1996 Le Vrai Hip-Hop (Nouvelle Édition)(LP - Arsenal Records)
 1999 La Cliqua (Album, Arsenal Records)
 1999 Pas De Place Pour Les Traîtres
 2007 Le meilleur, les classiques (Compilation Album, Arsenal Records)

With Tres Coronas
2001: "Mixtape" (Parcero Productions/5-27 Records)
2002: "Mixtape Remix" (Parcero Production/R.C Music/Profeta Discos)
2003: "New York Mixtape" (Parcero Productions/Ecko Unltd.) #2

2012
Tu le reconnais with Alpha Wann

 Rocca - Le Calme sous la Pluie (EP) 2012, released on 18 June on iTunes

External links
  Rocca's official homepage
 Official facebook
 Official Twitter

 https://www.whosampled.com/search/?q=tres+coronas
 https://www.whosampled.com/search/?q=rocca
 https://www.whosampled.com/search/?q=la+cliqua

References

French rappers
Colombian rappers
French people of Colombian descent
Living people
1975 births
French Roman Catholics

masks:
Rocca
Sébastian Rocca
Rocca
Juanita Rocca
Rocca
Rocca
Rocca
Rocca
Rocca
Rocca
Rocca


title: Kevin Rodney Sullivan

texts:
<mask> (born August 3, 1958) is an American film and television actor and film director. Early life and acting career
<mask> is a native of San Francisco who began his career as a child actor. He grew up in St. Francis Square in the Fillmore district of San Francisco as the youngest of three children. His father was a bus driver, and his mother was a receptionist for the St. Mary's hospital. According to <mask>, he was "one step up from a housing project". During sixth grade while performing A Midsummer Night's Dream, <mask>'s talents were picked up by Ann Brebner, who placed him and his entire class as extras in a movie by Sidney Poitier, They Call Me Mr. Tibbs! in 1970.This was his first experience with cinema. Brebner would continue to give him auditions for various roles. In 1970, he was picked up for a job in an Alpha-Bits Cereal commercial, making over $7,000 off of that role alone. He continued to obtain small roles in theater productions and doing commercials. Most notably, He got a role as the Master of Ceremonies during a show of Sesame Street that was being filmed live at Golden Gate Park. He was made to "sit on this big garbage can with a microphone and introduce the various skits," with Jim Henson controlling the puppets. <mask> then went on to get a part in a movie called Thumb Tripping, with Meg Foster, following which he got a part in a series called Wee Pals on the Go.The series was based on a comic strip by Morrie Turner and featured an integrated neighborhood. He played the part of Randy, "a kid with a big afro who loved sports," according to <mask>. For Christmas, the producer of that series gave <mask> his first 8-millimeter camera with which he first experimented in film. He acquired a scholarship to St. Ignatius College Preparatory, which was a Jesuit all-boys high school located in the Sunset District of San Francisco. "The school had 1,200 boys, only forty of them were black," according to <mask>. At St. Ignatius, <mask> was challenged in his class work for the first time, and because of his race, was barred from the theater program as well. "I felt out of place and no one tried to make me feel otherwise," Says <mask>.At one point he joined the Young Conservatory of the American Theater, located in downtown San Francisco. As a senior at St. Ignatius, he convinced the theater department to allow him to direct Ceremonies in Dark Old Men, by Lonne Elder; and following this, the school asked him to be the lead in a production of The Tea House of the August Moon. Due to his successes in his acting career, <mask> applied to the Juilliard School in New York, which emphasizes the arts. John Houseman, who had at the time recently received an Oscar for his role in The Paper Chase, was his interviewer. Houseman's comments on <mask>'s abilities at the time were thus: "You have talent, but you're only seventeen years old. Most of our students come here after four years of college. I don't think you're ready for New York City just yet".And so, <mask> ended up at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon instead, where he was offered a scholarship through their theater program. He applied to be an English major, as he was growing increasingly interested in writing. "I was a whale in a fish bowl," says <mask>, who was quite overqualified for the college's theater program. He ended up being the lead, Proteus, in Two Gentlemen of Verona, for which he had only auditioned as a supporting role. <mask> was in quite a few plays following that, and was chosen by the school to direct a production of Slow Dance on the Killing Ground, a play by William Hanley. He then decided to produce a play of his own creation, leaving the school to do it as an independent study. He never went back.In the summer of 1987, <mask> left for Los Angeles. He began by working with a friend and fellow actor in Hollywood. From there he began to write scripts. On a particular four-day trip to DC, he picked up inspiration for characters in his later works from fellow passengers on his ride who he'd spent time talking to. While his scripts were largely unnoticed, his trip would inspire later works. In the meantime, however, his acting was noticed after he auditioned for small parts in a few movies, including as Lieutenant in More American Graffiti (1979), Tyrone in Night Shift (1982), March in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), and John Grant in The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984). Early screenwriting
At the age of twenty-two when he was able to sell a television script for the first time, it was for an episode of Fame for the ABC network.This connection to ABC allowed him to write the TV drama series Knightwatch in 1988. In 1992, <mask> directed the pilot for a television series on ABC entitled Moe's World, which is a story narrated by a kid who has been killed in a car crash. The story "tackled" topics such as teenage pregnancy and death as well as other topics that tend to affect teenagers today. However, while ABC bought the pilot, the show was never picked up by that network. Fox considered purchasing the show as well, but did not follow through. Despite that minor setback, this background allowed <mask> to jump into directing movies for HBO: the short film "Long Black Song", which was one of three in the America's Dream (1996) anthology movie, and Soul of the Game (1996). The later was a docudrama on how African Americans "broke the baseball color barrier" which follows the "triumphant and tragic stories" of Jackie Robinson, Satchel Paige, and Josh Gibson as they make their way out of the Negro leagues, and into the Majors."For African Americans in this century," <mask> told The New York Times regarding Soul of the Game, "one man's victory is often the result of others paving the way, sometimes making the triumph both bitter and sweet". The movie was eventually pulled from air and is no longer available on television. <mask>'s successes presented him with many opportunities, including the ability to collaborate with George Lucas on Red Tails, a story about the Tuskegee airmen, a famous African American Aerial unit from World War II; as well as with Norman Jewison on an adaptation of The Good Times Are Killing Me. In addition to these series, <mask> also produced Frank's Place (1987), I'll Fly Away (1991), Boy Meets Girl (1993), and Cosmic Slop (1994), before his first major production. Major film productions
The movie How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998) swept the NAACP Image Awards, won the award for Outstanding Picture and was <mask> <mask>'s Hollywood directorial debut. The movie was based on a popular novel at the time, and follows the story of Stella (played by Angela Bassett) who is a single mother of one who finds love in Jamaica with a man much younger than her named Winston (played by Taye Diggs). It also had other notable stars such as Whoopi Goldberg, who plays Stella's best friend in the movie.The film, while not the first to use a tropic paradise as its background, "may be the first to blatantly portray a tropical paradise as a sexual mecca beckoning tired American businesswomen to shed their clothes and inhibitions," according to a review by The New York Times. Despite some mixed reviews, <mask> still "provides a movie that speaks in a recognizable way to a black audience, particularly black women who have found themselves omitted from serious screen depiction over the decades". <mask>'s next major production was Conviction (2002), based on the autobiography of Carl Upchurch entitled Convicted in the Womb. The movie wrestles with race relations, and issues pertaining to jail and gang violence, as well as the use of derogatory terms towards people of African descent. The main character, after being reformed in jail goes on a mission to help lower youth violence in America, by inviting all the largest gang's leaders to a church meeting about violence. Upchurch himself had a cameo within the movie as a jail cell guard. He then went on to produce Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004), which was a sequel to the original Barbershop (2002), with the entire original cast returning with some additions.Notable cast members include: Ice Cube, Cedric the Entertainer, Anthony Anderson, and a brief cameo by Queen Latifah in promotion of her own spinoff of the Barbershop franchise. The latest major film production by <mask> was Guess Who (2005); the idea for the movie was originally a collaborative effort by Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac. As Kutcher explained in an interview about his choice of directors, "I had a conversation with <mask> before we started the movie. And the reason that I liked <mask> -- we picked <mask> to do the movie, Bernie and I did, because what he knew the movie needed was heart. And he was more concerned about the heart than the comedy". The movie focuses on a young white man (played by Kutcher) attempting to marry an African American woman, while trying to seek the approval of her overprotective father (played by Bernie Mac). Working with <mask> did have its impact upon the film, as Kutcher explains, "Well, working for <mask> was a very different experience for me.<mask> didn't just let us go. At no point in time did <mask> just let us go... And I think that that brought a different performance for each of us from what we'd done before". The movie received mostly mixed reviews. Recent screenwriting
In the four years between How Stella Got Her Groove Back and Conviction, <mask> wrote and collaborated with the producers of The West Wing (2000), which followed a fictional White House staff about on various fictional activities. <mask> then developed a pilot for the series Watching Ellie (2002), and wrote some scripts for The Guardian (2002) which was a crime drama that ran for two seasons. Following the release of Conviction, he began working on scripts for The Henry Lee Project (2003). This series followed a veteran policeman turned private detective.The part of the policeman was played by notable actor Danny Glover. The most notable of his recent screenplays is 30 Rock (2008), which has received national acclaim and many awards including Emmy awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The show was renewed by NBC for a sixth season in 2010. Tina Fey was the original project writer, and created the storyline to be based on her own life story. <mask> collaborated with three other producers, including Alec Baldwin on this show, especially on the second season. However, despite winning awards for being an outstanding comedy, 30 Rock has been chronically underrated throughout its six seasons of being on air, with a viewership of nearly 5.3 million viewers.

masks:
Kevin Rodney Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Kevin Rodney
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Kevin Sullivan
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin
Sullivan
Kevin Sullivan
Kevin
Kevin
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan


title: Zvi Preigerzon

texts:
<mask> (October 26, 1900 – March 15, 1969) was a Ukrainian Jewish author who specialized in historical prose of a historically fictional nature. The author wrote his books in the Original Hebrew while in the Soviet Union - which caused his arrest. <mask> was also a scientist and inventor in the mineral processing field. Further recognized for his scientific works by being named Dean of the Moscow State Mining University. By the early 1920s Zvi's writing has become the focal point of his life. The author wrote his books and short stories in secrecy and in constant fear of arrest by the Soviet authorities. These were partially published in overseas Hebrew / Zionist periodicals between 1927 and 1934, it was only in the 1960s that Zvi's books and stories saw publication in Israel with a vast majority of the works being published after his death.In the early 2000s his books were gifted to, and accepted by, the Library of Congress; the library misspells the author's last name as Preigerson instead of Preigerzon; their archive can be viewed here. A further catalogue of works is also available at the Russian State Library, this catalogue includes some of the author's engineering works and is available here (in Russian)

Due to nature and location of his work and his usage of the pen name A. Tsefoni / Tsfoni, <mask> <mask> never saw any commercial success from his writings during life and never sought it. After his death all of his works were translated into Russian and there exists an initiative to have an English translation completed as well. Several Jewish authors have referenced <mask> Preigerson and his books in their works, namely: Jehoshua A. Gilboa, Yosef Govrin, Yaacov Ro'i, Mordechai Altshuler and Moshe Shamir. Early life

Childhood and family

<mask>-Gersh (or Hirsh) <mask> was born on October 26, 1900, in his family home at Shepetivka, Khmelnytskyi Oblast in what is today a part of Western Ukraine. One of three brothers born to <mask> (1872-1922) of Krasyliv - a small businessman in the cloth industry, and Rachel (Raisa) with the maiden-name of Galperina (1872-1922) also of Krasyliv. Rachel was of the Volhynia line of Rabbi Dov-Ber Karasik.Zvi's parents gave the future author a traditional religious education, the family celebrated Jewish traditions and spoke Hebrew and Yiddish. Zvi's father made it his task to introduce his children to "new" Hebrew literature and commonly read from the works of Abraham Mapu and Judah Leib Gordon and Jewish periodicals of those days. From the days of his early childhood, Zvi had developed a profound appreciation of the Hebrew language and was known to muse that (in translation) "the Jewish thrill has poisoned my blood forever". This phrase can be found used again in his book Hevlei Shem (Burden of a Name). Palestine and World War I

Given his passion to the language and Jewish themes it came as no surprise when Zvi started writing poems and short stories in Hebrew. Seeing the passion of his son, Israel sent <mask>'s notebooks to Hayim Nahman Bialik in Odessa, impressed Mr. Bialik commented on the talents of the young author and recommended that he be given a solid education in Hebrew. Following this advice, in 1913 the boy is sent to Palestine to attend the prestigious Herzliya Hebrew Gymnasium (currently located in Tel Aviv) where all instruction was conducted in Hebrew.As recapped in his book Unfinished Story Zvi arrived in Palestine on the Steamship Yerushalayim (Jerusalem) with a group of other students bound for the school which the author attended for one year. During his stay, the young writer has strengthened his language skills and gained a profound appreciation for the Holy Land and its people and their songs. He also attributed his belief in the necessity of a Jewish state to this early time and wrote that only such a state would allow his fellow Jews to be forever free to persecution, humiliation and suffering. Zvi was well aware of these atrocities through the Ukrainian Pogroms. Due to illness Zvi was sent back home for the 1914 summer holidays but could never return to his beloved school as on August the 14th World War I had started - with the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire (occupying Palestine) being belligerents towards one another. Zvi instead continued his education in Odessa and upon passing the entry exams at the age of fifteen was admitted to Lublinska Academy as the school was relocated from Poland at the start of the war. Admission to the school was allowed for the children of Jewish refugees families - exactly the position in which the Preigerzon family found itself in.During those uneasy years Zvi had graduated from a local Music Conservatory as a violin player, yet he never relinquished his love of the Hebrew language. In the evenings he was known to visit the Yeshiva of Chaim Tchernowitz (better known as The Young Rabbi or Rav Zair). It is at this Yeshiva that Zvi was mentored by the very Hayim Nahman Bialik who was responsible for the young author's visit to the Holy Land and by the Jewish historian Joseph Klausner. It was in this very institute, under the tutelage of such great teachers, where Zvi had fully committed to his life work of Hebrew Literature. Shortly after the 1917 October Revolution the newly forming Soviet Union would outlaw Hebrew and create the conditions for Hebrew literary endeavors becoming an illegal and dangerous activity. Zvi faced a major dilemma: a choice between getting a higher education he so much desired and immigrating to Palestine. His decision would shape the rest of his life as he chooses to pursue his education, acquire a profession and only than depart for Palestine; not knowing that very soon World War II and the Iron Curtain would make such departure impossible.Adulthood

Military service and higher education

After a short and unremarkable term of service in the Red Army in 1920, Zvi moved to Moscow and was accepted into the Moscow State Mining Academy (today known as The Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys) and with the passage of years became one of the foremost mineral processing experts in the USSR. Zvi's efforts were further recognized by the university as in 1935 he was made a Dean of the institute. However, his scientific achievements were not what made him a memorable figure in the Jewish culture - over the next fifteen years, Zvi's stories and poems continued being published in non-soviet Jewish journals such as Ha Tkufa (התקופה), Ha Olam and Ha Doar. During these uneasy years, Zvi met his wife Lea (then residing in Krolevets), they were wed in 1925 and returned to Moscow. The couple had 3 children: Athaliah (Asya) <mask> (1928-2015) an accomplished physician in later life, Nina Priegerzon (1930–present day) a psychiatrist and published author and <mask> (1937-2012) who followed in his father's footsteps and became an Engineer (educated in the same University as his father Zvi). As an interesting side note - all 3 of Zvi's children and Zvi's wife Lea had immigrated to Israel in the 1970s. The Yiddish era

With the Hebrew language being for all intents and purposes banned by the USSR the Jewish culture necessarily adopted an Yiddish as their alternative language.These changes affected Jewish authors as they had to not only switch their language of trade but also abide by Soviet literary regulations -  per the increasingly harshly enforced rules of censorship in the Soviet Union. Namely, all Soviet authors had to lionize the government and the activity of the Communist Party and to express admiration for all state heroes. Zvi ignored these mandates and continued writing in Hebrew, giving his characters simple Jewish names and complicated Jewish problems. The author did so as his works were secret and were not meant for Soviet publication. Most of Zvi's writing during this time were circled around the Character Benjamin the Fourth - as seen in the book When the Lamp Fade Away, this character was based on the author's self-image. The stories center around loving and soft-spoken persona - people trapped in the reality of revolution, war and the destruction of their religious and cultural traditions. With the beginning of the Great Purge contact with international entities, let alone other countries, were becoming extremely dangerous.Zvi is forced to stop mailing his stories and poems overseas yet continues writing in secret. World War II

Shortly after the initiation of the war, due to his profession Zvi was recalled from the People's Militia and sent by the Ministry of Natural Resources to Karaganda as the location became the prime provider of coal after the conquest of Donbass by the Third Reich. The Holocaust and overall suffering of the Jewish People had a tremendous influence on Zvi and inspired the book When the Lamp Fades Away (The Perpetual Fire) - in which, once the Jews are exterminated or driven out of City of Hadiach a memorial lamp that has been alight for over a century goes dark. The closing sentiments of the book are Zionist wishes for a land where the Jews would be safe of such suffering. Zvi wrote this work in Hebrew and complete secrecy, so much so as to hide the efforts from his own Family. Never satisfied with the work the author rewrites it numerous times, only finishing it in 1962. The book is later published in Israel in 1966 under the pen name A. Tsfoni.Older years

Post War years
Between 1945-1948 Zvi continues to write stories with the main messages of Jewish Holocaust and World War II. This activity is ever risky and the Stalin regime withholds as much information on Jewish war suffering due to increasing antisemitism in the Soviet Union. This area of writings contains a greater amount of spirituality which was not present in the author prior to the war. An example of this is found in the story "Shaddai" (1945) where a talisman with that word is a key device in the plot. Other characters in stories of this time return to the faith of their forefathers when faced with war and terror. Arrest

On March 1, 1949 <mask> <mask> is arrested as a result of the arrest of his friends, the Hebrew author <mask> Politikin, 1895-1968 (Pen Name: Moshe Heg) and Hebrew expert Meir Baazov. The arrests were provoked by a friend by the name of Alex Gordon.<mask> was sentenced to 10 years as an anti-soviet dissident and sent Gulag labor camps. The author served his sentence in three different institutions in the Karaganda area: in Inta,  and Vorkuta. When imprisoned in Vorkuta, Zvi was given the ability to use his professional education and was made the head of a research unit focusing on mineral processing. Aside from the practical tasks assigned to Zvi and his team, the author conducted research and got a patent, while imprisoned, for the creation of an innovative coal collecting machine. Zvi was considered ideologically rehabilitated by December 1955 but voluntarily stayed in Vorkuta until 1957 to finish his scientific work. While in camp, Zvi taught many young Jews Hebrew and Jewish literature. One such student was Meir Gelfond, a future doctor, who opened a Hebrew Language school in Moscow in the 1970s.Post arrest

After his release from the camps, Zvi traveled to Moscow and started working on Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner finishing the volume in 1958. The book describes his experiences over the past decade and the many people he met and interacted with; among these the poets Samuel Halkin, Jacob Steinberg and Joseph Karler. In Moscow Zvi was recognized for his scientific achievements and made a Dean of the Moscow State Mining University where he proceeded to teach and create educational materials in his field of expertise. The author spends his nights writing in Hebrew and has commented in the "Memoirs of a Gulag Prisoner" that he would face a second and third arrest but would not stop writing in his beloved language. During the 1960s Zvi writes two major stories (in translation) "Hebrew" (1960) and "Twenty Heroes" (1965). "Hebrew" is largely somewhat of autobiographical story with the main character being the language itself which prisoners use to communicate. "Twenty Heroes" is a return to faith type story in which pensioners reopen an old synagogue in post World War II Soviet territory despite the misgivings of the local authorities.These writings were expressions of the author's continued desire to return to the holy-land. Death

On March 15, 1969 <mask> <mask> died from a complicated heart attack in Moscow and was cremated. Rather befitting the complicated nature of the author's life, his journey would only end in 1970 in the very country of which he wrote and to which he wished to return. Zvi's relatives worked for over a year to have his ashes sent to Israel (via postal mail as no other option was available) and a second burial took place on June 22, 1970 at the Shefayim Cemetery in Israel. In 1986 Zvi's widow Lea had joined her husband in the Shfayim cemetery in Israel. Two of their children are now buried there as well: Benjamin (on August 23, 2012) and Athaliah (on October 29, 2015). Works
Most of Zvi's works are available in Russian on Google Books:

1.Burden of a Name

2. An Unfinished Story

3. Memories of a Gulag Prisoner

4. A book written by <mask> (Zvi's daughter) about the author: My Father Zvi Preigerzon

Audio / video materials

Several audio tapes have been digitized and published on YouTube and can be found here, due to the nature of the original recordings the quality is mediocre at best. References

1900 births
1969 deaths
People from Shepetivka
Jewish engineers
Soviet Jews
Gulag detainees
Modern Hebrew writers
Engineers from Moscow
Jewish Ukrainian writers
20th-century Ukrainian engineers

masks:
Zvi Gersh Preigerzon
Preigerzon
Zvi
Preigerzon
Zvi
Zvi
Preigerzon
Israel Preigerzon
Zvi
Preigerzon
Benjamin Preigerzon
Zvi
Preigerzon
Zvi
Zvi
Zvi
Preigerzon
Nina Preigerzon


title: Karthik (singer)

texts:
<mask> (born 7 November 1980) is an Indian playback singer. Karthik started his professional singing career as a backing vocalist and has since been working as a playback singer. He has sung more than 8000 songs in 15 Indian languages including Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, Odia, Bengali, Marathi and Hindi. The Amrita Film Awards honoured <mask> for his versatility in the industry which gave him the opportunity to sing a variety of songs. Early life
<mask> was born into a Tamil family hails from Tiruvarur district. Karthik developed an interest in music, early in his life. He is a trained Carnatic music vocalist and has been training since his school days.He was part of a college band and regularly participated in IIT Madras Fest Saarang. An ardent fan of A. R. Rahman, Karthik's dream was to meet Rahman and sing for him. Playback singer Srinivas, who collaborated often with Rahman was <mask>'s close friend's cousin. Srinivas encouraged Karthik to look at singing as a career, which prompted Karthik to resume his singing lessons. One year later, Srinivas recommended Karthik's name to Rahman, who needed fresh voices for backing vocalists for a song from Pukar. Karthik eventually got the opportunity and recorded for the song. Having spent over a year being a backing vocalist, Karthik got his break during the Rahman's scoring of One 2 Ka 4.For the background score, A. R. Rahman wanted a high-pitched alap and he eventually chose <mask> to sing the alap. Soon after, Rahman asked him to sing the song "Nendhukittaen" from the film Star. Career

<mask> has sung a number of songs for many popular music directors, including A. R. Rahman, Ilaiyaraaja, Hamsalekha, Vidyasagar, Devi Sri Prasad, Harris Jayaraj and Manisharma, in several languages – Tamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi. "Ennaku Oru Girlfriend" from the Tamil film Boys was one of the biggest hits of the year as was "Oru Maalai" (Ghajini; 2005). His songs for Telugu films for Kotha Bangaru Lokam (Nijanga Nenenaa), Happy Days (Arare Arare, Oh My Friend), "Badhulu Tochanai" (Mr.Perfect), "Manase Guvvai" (Naa Peru Shiva), "Oh Oh My Friend" (Oh My Friend), "Yedhuta nlichindhi choodu" (Vaana), "Meghama" (Journey), "Yevvaro" (Bodyguard) are very popular. His other popular songs include "Ava Enna" from the Vaaranam Aayiram (2009), the title track from Unnale Unnale, "Behka" from Ghajini. <mask> has sung Kannada songs and has many super hit chart buster songs to his credit like Ale Ale, Anuraaga Aralo Samaya, Thangaliyalli Theli Hode, Nee Chummu Chummu Munjaaneli, Manasaithu Ninna Myaale, Sum Sumne Yaako, Hosadondu hesaridu Nanange, Kanne Koodiruvaaga, Madhumasa, Nenapidu Nenapidu, Thanthaane Thannamthaane, Baruve Odi Odi Nalidu, Raktha Sambandhagala, Saluge Saluge, Mannige Mara Bhaarave and many more.In 2010, he sang a track "Behene De", from Hindi film Raavan, which is widely considered as the biggest song in his career. The track, which topped music charts for many continuous weeks, also received rave critical reviews. <mask> also performed the Tamil and Telugu versions of the same song, titled "Usure Poghudhey" and "Usire Poyene" respectively. He also sang "Adhigora Choodu" in the movie Mirapakaay. The song Yayum Ngayum from the album Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil is considered as one of <mask>'s career best for the way how he has brought sensuality to the 2000 year old poetry. He  received wide appreciations for the theme song of 10th World Tamil Conference from the same album Sandham: Symphony Meets Classical Tamil. The album was featured in Amazon's Top#10 International Music albums in July 2020.Composing
He has composed music for a multi lingual Coca-Cola Advertisement (for Rajeev Menon featuring actor Vijay) and Prince Jewellery advertisements. He is the music director of Vasanthabalan's period film Aravaan and Srinivas Raga's Okkadine starring Nara Rohit and Nithya Menen in Telugu. He has also released an album called "Music I Like". It is based on carnatic ragaas and it is a contemporary take on some well known keerthanas. The Orchestration was done by Music director Sai Madhukar. He also performed in Oxford engineering college Bengaluru. He has also composed a new song 'Koova'.He is the composer of the segment 'Guitar Kambi mele Nindru' directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon in the Netflix anthology movie Navarasa (2021)

He has also composed music for an upcoming film "Joshua "Directed by Gautham Vasudhev Menon

Filmography

As Composer

 The films are listed in order that the music released, regardless of the dates the film released. The year next to the title of the affected films indicates the release year of the either dubbed or remade version in the named language later than the original version. • indicates original language release. Indicates simultaneous makes, if featuring in more languages
 ♦ indicates a remade version, the remaining ones being dubbed versions

As Independent Musician
Karthik is a part of a band called Arka which is a contemporary fusion band. Arka denotes the Sun in Sanskrit and to rightly interpret the meaning, it is the warmth and radiance of music that spreads across everyone listening. With the exclusive intention of extending a new musical outreach, few renowned artists in unison have created this band and intend to broaden the horizons of Indian fusion music. Arka is the epicenter of an erupting musical form with core and artists like <mask>, SelvaGanesh, Gino Banks, Ravichandra Kulur, Santhosh Chandran, Mishko M'Ba, and guest artists like the legends Vikku Vinayakaram and Swaminathan.As dubbing artist
Dubbed and sang for the character Aladdin for its 2019 version. Television
He co-judges some Musical Shows Occasionally. 2016 He co-judges the Musical Show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs with Vijay Prakash and Sujatha Mohan
2017-2018 He co-judges the Musical Show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Seniors with Vijay Prakash and Srinivas
2018 He co-judges the Musical Show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Lil Champs Season 2 with Vijay Prakash, Srinivas and Sujatha Mohan
2019 He co-judges the Musical Show Sun Singer Season 6 with Mano and Remya Nambesan
2022 He co-judges the Musical Show Telugu Indian Idol with Nithya Menen and S. Thaman

Awards

 Filmfare Awards South

 Other Awards

References

External links

 Listing of Karthik's songs in alphabetical order of albums
 Listing of Karthik's songs in alphabetical order of songs

1980 births
Indian male playback singers
Tamil playback singers
Telugu playback singers
Kannada playback singers
Living people
Singers from Chennai
Tamil singers
Filmfare Awards South winners
International Tamil Film Award winners

masks: Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik Karthik


title: Harold E. Rosecrans

texts:
<mask> (March 1, 1897 – April 13, 1980) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general, who commanded 2nd Battalion 5th Marines during the during the assault on Tulagi Island. He later commanded 17th Marine Regiment during Battle of Cape Gloucester. Early years

Rosecrans was born to machinist Benjamin Rosecrans Jr. and his wife <mask> on March 1, 1897, in Cohoes, New York. Following his high school graduation and United States entry into World War I, Rosecrans went to Albany, New York, and enlisted to the Marine Corps on April 20, 1917. He attended his basic training at Marine barracks within Philadelphia Navy Yard and subsequently was assigned to 23rd Company, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marine Regiment on June 3, 1917. Rosecrans and his unit were deployed to France on June 27, and, while most of his company was used to form 6th Machine Gun Battalion, he was transferred to the 55th Company, 2nd Battalion at the end of August. The 55th Company was sent to the trenches in [Toulon?]sector in March 1918, and Rosecrans participated in several defensive actions there. He was promoted to the rank of corporal on April 5, 1918, and also received Marine Corps Good Conduct Medal for his enlisted service. While he participated in the Battle of Belleau Wood in June 1918, Rosecrans was wounded by enemy fire on June 7 and sent to field hospital for treatment. After his recovery, he was assigned to the Replacement Battalion on June 30, before he was transferred back to his 55th Company at the end of August 1918. He subsequently participated in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, Battle of Blanc Mont Ridge and Meuse-Argonne Offensive, and, after the Armistice, he served with the Occupation Forces during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland. While stationed in Germany, Rosecrans was appointed second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserve on March 10, 1919. He also received Fourragère for his service in World War I by the Government of France.Interwar period

Rosecrans and his unit were ordered back to the United States in August 1919 and stationed at Marine Barracks Quantico, where he attended the School of Application. He was subsequently commissioned second lieutenant in the regular Marine Corps and assigned to the Second Brigade of Marines. Rosecrans sailed for Haiti and subsequently also for Dominican Republic and participated in the marine expeditionary duties in these countries. He remained in the Caribbean until July 1922, when he was ordered back to Quantico and then to the Marine barracks within Naval Submarine Base New London, where he served until March 1926. During his time in New London base, Rosecrans was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in December 1923. His next assignment was with Marine Corps Base San Diego, where he stayed until May 1926, when he was assigned to the Marine detachment aboard the gunboat USS Sacramento. Rosecrans then sailed for Yantai, China, and served with Third Brigade of Marines until he was ordered for a brief period to Marine Barracks at Naval Station Olongapo, Philippines.He served there until May 1929, when he was assigned to Fourth Brigade of Marines and sailed for shore duty in Shanghai, China. His service in Shanghai lasted just until July 1929, when he was ordered back to the United States. Rosecrans was assigned to the Marine barracks in San Francisco, California, within the Department of Pacific and later transferred to the Marine barracks at Puget Sound Navy Yard in August 1929. Rosecrans sailed to Nicaragua in July 1930 and subsequently served with Guardia Nacional during the skirmishes with the rebels. For his service in Nicaragua, he was decorated with the Nicaraguan Cross of Valor with Diploma by the Government of Nicaragua. He remained there until March 1932, when he was assigned to the Marine barracks at Norfolk Navy Yard. However, Rosecrans was transferred again in May 1932, now to the Marine Barracks Quantico, where he was appointed range officer of the rifle range detachment.In June 1933, Rosecrans was promoted to the rank of captain and transferred to Washington, D.C., where he was appointed instructor within 5th Battalion, 6th Reserve Marine Brigade. He also served simultaneously as aide at the White House and was sent for Company Officers Course at Marine Corps School at Quantico base. He was transferred to San Diego, California, in June 1937 and appointed aide-de-camp to the Commanding General Fleet Marine Force, Major general Louis M. Little. While served in this capacity, Rosecrans was promoted to the rank of major in September 1938. He was subsequently appointed executive officer within 6th Marine Regiment and later assigned to the Senior Course at Marine Corps School at Quantico in August 1939. After his graduation from the course, Rosecrans was transferred to the Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C. and appointed director of Marine Corps Institute. He also served as editor of the Leatherneck Magazine.World War II

Following the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor, Rosecrans was transferred to 5th Marine Regiment located in New River, North Carolina, in March 1942 and succeeded Lieutenant Colonel William J. Whaling as commanding officer of 2nd Battalion on March 28. The 5th Marine Regiment sailed to South Pacific aboard transport ship USS Wakefield and reached Wellington, New Zealand, in June 1942. Rosecrans was already promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in January 1942. At the beginning of August 1942, Rosecrans received orders to capture the Tulagi Island held by Japanese Forces. The 2nd Battalion landed on the morning of August 7 behind the 1st Marine Raider Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel Merritt A<mask>, and Rosecrans and his men subsequently repealed several Japanese attacks with the nightfall. In the evening of August 8, the Tulagi operation was declared successful, with 347 Japanese killed in action and another 3 surrendered. Marines from 2/5th Marines and 1st Raider Battalion lost 45 men.Rosecrans was subsequently decorated with the Silver Star for his leadership during the operation. Rosecrans and his battalion left Tulagi on August 21 and rejoined the rest of 5th Marine Regiment at Guadalcanal. However, his unit was kept in reserve at Henderson Field. On 11 September 1942, Rosecrans was wounded by enemy air attack and sent to the rear for treatment. He handed temporary command to Captain Joseph J. Dudkowski, before Lieutenant Colonel Walter A. Reaves was appointed the battalion's commanding officer. Upon his recovery, Rosecrans was promoted to the rank of colonel and appointed quartermaster of I Marine Amphibious Corps under Major General Clayton Barney Vogel for a brief period before he was ordered to take command of newly activated 17th Marine Regiment (Engineer) on January 21, 1943. He led this regiment during the Battle of Cape Gloucester and was relieved by Colonel Francis I. Fenton on February 19, 1944.He was subsequently ordered back to the United States and assigned to Marine Corps Base Quantico, where he was appointed director of the Marine Corps Command & Staff School. Rosecrans remained in this capacity until November 1944, when he was transferred back to the Pacific and appointed commanding officer of the 7th Field Depot within III Marine Amphibious Corps. Rosecrans' unit was redesignated 7th Service Regiment, and he sailed with that unit to Okinawa in June 1945. His regiment consisted of engineer company, signal company, military police company, ordnance company, supply company, transport company and several Marine ammo companies. For his service on Okinawa, Rosecrans was decorated with the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V". Later life

After the surrender of Japan in September 1945, Rosecrans led his regiment to China, where Civil war broke out. However, he was transferred to the staff of the III Marine Amphibious Corps in February and ordered back to the United States in May 1946.For his leadership of 7th Service Regiment in China, Rosecrans was decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V". Following his arrival to the States, Colonel Rosecrans served for a brief period with Naval and Examination Board, before he was appointed commanding officer of the Marine barracks at Naval Gun Factory in Washington, D.C., at the beginning of August 1946. Rosecrans served in this capacity until his retirement on June 30, 1949. He was advanced to the rank of brigadier general on the retired list for having been specially commended in combat. Rosecrans died on April 13, 1980, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, together with his wife Dorothy Darling Rosecrans (1900–1967). Together they had one son, Robert D. Rosecrans (1928–1978), who also served with the Marines and retired as lieutenant colonel. Decorations

Silver Star citation
Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Lieutenant Colonel <mask>. Rosecrans (MCSN: 0-846), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Commanding Officer of the Second Battalion, Fifth Marines, Reinforced, during the assault on Tulagi Island, British Solomon Islands, 7–9 August 1942.When fierce resistance from this Japanese stronghold necessitated the reinforcement of the First Marine Raider Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Rosecrans skillfully and fearlessly placed units of his command into combat in support of the forward elements of that Battalion and thereby contributed materially to the annihilation of the entire hostile garrison. His daring and brilliant handling of this operation in support of the assault of the First Marine Raider Battalion on Tulagi and his courageous conduct throughout the action were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service. References

1897 births
1980 deaths
People from Cohoes, New York
United States Marine Corps generals
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Guadalcanal Campaign

masks:
Harold Ellett Rosecs
Mary Ellett
. Edson
Harold E


title: Francesco Balilla Pratella

texts:
<mask> (Lugo, Italy February 1, 1880 – Ravenna, Italy May 17, 1955) was an Italian composer, musicologist and essayist. One of the leading advocates of Futurism in Italian music, much of Pratella's own music betrays little obvious connection to the views espoused in the manifestos he authored. Biography
Born in Lugo, and deeply impressed by the folk music he heard in his childhood in his native Romagna, now part of Emilia-Romagna. Pratella entered Pesaro Conservatory and studied with Vincenzo Cicognani and Pietro Mascagni. Pratella's professional career was largely centered in teaching and musicology; he served as director of the Liceo Musicale in Lugo from 1910 until 1927 when he accepted a post as director of the Istituto G. Verdi in Ravenna, where Pratella remained until his retirement in 1945. His interest in collecting Romagna's folk song began before his futurist period and continued after, intensifying later through Pratella's arrangements of folksongs and training of choruses. Pratella also made modern performance arrangements of early polyphonic music.From 1921 to 1925 Pratella headed the Bologna-based music publication Il Pensiero Musicale. An early project drawn from Pratella's interest in indigenous folksong was the opera La Sina d'Varguõn (1909), which attracted the attention of Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, the father of Italian futurism. Pratella joined the futurist group in 1910 and became one of its most ardent activists, publishing three tracts which were combined into the pamphlet Musica Futurista in 1912. Inspired by Pratella, Luigi Russolo created his Intonarumori (Noise Intoners) in 1913 and wrote his own manifesto, The Art of Noises (1913), introducing the futurist concept of introducing noise into music. Pratella was less than enthusiastic about the use of Intonarumori, but he agreed to utilize their resources in his opera L'aviatore Dro (1911–1914) which was written in close collaboration with Marinetti. At the end of World War I, Pratella broke with the futurists; L'aviatore Dro opened in 1920 and proved popular with critics and audiences alike, but its impracticality and odd storyline doomed it to certain obscurity. In his later years, Pratella occasionally turned his attention to composing for films, notably in Mother Earth (1931) and L'argine (1938).He also worked on a proposed Raccolta nazionale delle musiche italiane (National Collection of Italian Music) with Gabriele D'Annunzio, but the project was interrupted by the poet's death. Manifesti

According to Pratella, Italian music was inferior to music abroad. He praised the "sublime genius" of Wagner and saw some value in the work of Richard Strauss, Debussy, Elgar, Mussorgsky, Glazunov and Sibelius. By contrast, the Italian symphony was dominated by opera in an "absurd and anti-musical form". The conservatories encouraged backwardness and mediocrity. The publishers perpetuated mediocrity and the domination of music by the "rickety and vulgar" operas of Puccini and Umberto Giordano. The only Italian Pratella could praise was his teacher Mascagni, because he had rebelled against the publishers and attempted innovation in opera, but even Mascagni was too traditional for Pratella's tastes.In the face of this mediocrity and conservatism, Pratella unfurled "the red flag of Futurism, calling to its flaming symbol such young composers as have hearts to love and fight, minds to conceive, and brows free of cowardice". He did so via several short manifestos, a key example of which was Musica futurista (Manifesto of Futurist Musicians), published in 1910. The main ideas of his musical manifestos were:
for the young to keep away from conservatories and to study independently;
the founding of a musical review, to be independent of academics and critics;
abstention from any competition that was not completely open;
liberation from the past and from "well-made" music;
for the domination of singers to end, so that they became like any other member of the orchestra;
for opera composers to write their own librettos, which were to be in free verse;
to end all period settings, ballads, "nauseating Neapolitan songs and sacred music"; and
to promote new work in preference to old. Style and influence

The Italian futurist music manifestos, particularly Russolo's, have long been an inspiration to avant-garde musicians and continue to be so in the twenty-first century. However, mid-twentieth century scholars—among a small fraternity who had access to Pratella's long-forgotten compositions—were deeply critical of Pratella owing to a perceived streak of conservativism in his own music which, they felt, undermined the revolutionary spirit of his manifesti. As Benjamin  Thorn put it, "[Pratella]'s compositions never quite lived up to the rhethoric." In Italy, however, Pratella's fortunes have been improving.Pianist Daniele Lombardi has recorded some of Pratella's futurist piano music, and in 1996 the La Scala opera house in Milan revived L'aviatore Dro for the first time in 75 years. The success of this production and other factors have helped to revitalize Pratella's futurist profile in his home country. Although he composed seven operas, Pratella was not a particularly prolific composer. In addition to his futurist works, operas and folk choruses, he left a small but respectable output of chamber music, piano music, sacred music and songs. Pratella' s cycle of symphonic poems based on the folk music of Romagna are well respected in Italy, and place Pratella among Italy's "Generation of 1880," composers such as Ottorino Respighi, Gian <mask> and Ildebrando Pizzetti who eschewed opera in favor of instrumental music. Selective list of works

As the author:

Manifesto of Futurist Musicians (Manifesto dei musicisti futuristi) (1910)
 Technical Manifesto of Futurist Music (Manifesto tecnico della musica futurista) (1911)
 The Destruction of Squareness (Distruzione della quadratura), (1912)
 Shouts, Songs, Chants and Dances of the Italian People (1919)
 Etnofonia di Romagna (Udine, 1938)
 Primo documentario per la storia dell’etnofonia in Italia (1941)
 Saggio di comparazione etnofonica (1943)
 Autobiografia (Milan, 1971)

As the composer:

 La Sina d'Varguõn, opera (1909)
 Suite per Organo, for organ (1912)
 Musica futurista, for orchestra, op. 30 (1912)
 L'aviatore Dro, opera (1911–1914)
 La guerra, for piano (1913)
 Trio, op.28 (1919)
 Per un dramma orientale, incidental music for a Marinetti play (1922)
 Il rondo di Vittoria (1932; revision of La guerra)
 La ninna nanna della bambola, children's opera, op. 44
 Dono primaverile, children's opera, op. 48
 Il fabbricatore di Dio, op. 46
 Romagna, symphonic poem
 La chiesa di Polenta, symphonic poem
 I Paladini di Francia, sacred music
 Le canzoni del niente, chamber work
 Cante Romagnole, for chorus
 Giorno di festa, for piano

See also
Futurism (music)

References

 Rodney J. Payton, "The Music of Futurism: Concerts and Polemics." The Musical Quarterly, 62 (1976)
 Mark A. Radice, "Futurismo: Its Origins, Context, Repertory and Influence." The Musical Quarterly, 73 (1989)
 La biografia di Pratella Francesco B., Wuz.it

External links

 "Manifesto of Futurist Musicians" by Franceso <mask> <mask> in English translation from the original Italian, first published in Musica futurista di Balilla Pratella, 1912. "Manifeste des Musiciens futuristes" de Franceso <mask> Pratella en Français, published by Editions Lenka lente, 2014.<mask> Pratella and Musica Futurista at LTM

 Storia dell'Istituto Musicale "G. Verdi"
 La biografia di Pratella Francesco B., Wuz.it
 Giuda Albertario, "L'Aviatore Dro di Francesco Balilla Pratella," Rivista Italiana di Musicologia No. 48 (2013)
 <mask>, "Pratella Musica Futurista Op. 30"

1880 births
1955 deaths
Futurist composers
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian folk musicians
Italian Futurism
Italian musicologists
20th-century Italian musicians
People from Lugo, Emilia-Romagna
20th-century musicologists
20th-century Italian male musicians
Italian composers

masks:
Francesco Balilla Pratella
Francesco Malipiero
Balilla
Pratella
Balilla
Balilla
Francesco Ruocchio