title: Jack Swilling

texts:
John W. "<mask><mask> (April 1, 1830 – August 12, 1878) was an early pioneer in the Arizona Territory. He is commonly credited as one of the original founders of the city of Phoenix, Arizona. Swilling also played an important role in the opening of the central Arizona highlands to white settlement. His discoveries resulted in a gold rush to the region, and this in turn led to the establishment of Arizona's first territorial capital at the mining town of Prescott. <mask> was both a Confederate States Army minuteman and a civilian aid to the United States Army during the American Civil War. He worked in a variety of disciplines throughout his life, including as a teamster, prospector, mine and mill owner, and saloon and dance hall owner, as well as a canal builder, farmer, rancher, and public servant. All of this was accomplished while he suffered from periods of excruciating pain resulting from major injuries he suffered in 1854.He took morphine to assuage the pain, which led to dependency problems for the rest of his life. Life and career

Early life
John William "<mask><mask> was born on April 1, 1830, at Red House Plantation, Anderson, South Carolina, to <mask> and Margaret Farrar <mask>, the eighth of their 10 children. <mask> was the son of the plantation manager, while Margaret Farrar's father, Thomas Farrar, was the owner. (Incidentally, Thomas Farrar's mother was Judith Jefferson, the sister of Peter Jefferson and aunt to the third president, Thomas Jefferson.) Farrar's parents did not approve of the marriage, so the young couple eloped. It took three years for her parents to accept the match. In time, <mask> became owner of the plantation.When <mask> was 14, the family moved from South Carolina to Georgia. Three years later he and an older brother enlisted in a mounted battalion of Georgia volunteers for service during the Mexican–American War. After the war, the two young men returned to Georgia. <mask>ing's whereabouts are unknown for a brief time afterwards, although he was reported in Georgia for the Christmas of 1849. The next recorded events in his life are his marriage at Wetumpka, Alabama in 1852 to Mary Jane Gray and the birth of their daughter Elizabeth a year later. Swilling wrote in 1854 that he suffered serious injuries—a broken skull and a bullet lodged in his back—in unstated circumstances. Those injuries plagued him for the rest of his life and led to a dependency on drugs and alcohol.In 1856, on his 26th birthday, something happened to cause him to leave permanently for the West. There is more than a year's break in the historical record, but <mask> apparently joined the Leach Wagon Road Company at Fort Smith, Arkansas as a teamster in the summer of 1857, probably staying with the slow-moving oxen-drawn wagon train until its arrival a year later at Mesilla, in Traditional Arizona, which was then part of the New Mexico Territory. The years between <mask>'s arrival in Arizona in 1858 and the founding of Phoenix almost a decade later were active and varied ones. After his arrival in Arizona, <mask> moved to southern California, where he joined in a gold rush near Los Angeles. A few months later he was drawn back to Arizona by the gold rush at Gila City, where he also worked for the Butterfield Overland Mail Company. Apache Wars and the American Civil War
He was elected captain of the Gila Rangers militia company that was formed to provide protection from Apache stock raids on the miners and the stage company. The Gila Rangers, with the support of warriors from the friendly Maricopa tribe, made a January 1860 expedition to the unexplored Bradshaw Mountains of central Arizona in pursuit of Apache raiders.The expedition resulted in some noteworthy discoveries: the existence of the Hassayampa River and traces of mineral riches, including gold, in an area that appeared well-suited for ranching and farming. However, the area was too remote and dangerous for settlers at the time. Soon afterwards, the Gila City gold deposits ran out and <mask> followed his friend Colonel Jacob Snively to Pinos Altos, where he both mined and ran a saloon and dance hall. When the Union Army withdrew from the New Mexico Territory at the beginning of the Civil War, the men of Pinos Altos formed a militia company they named the Arizona Guards for defense against Apache attack. The secession of Confederate Arizona from the Union was officially declared in 1861, a territory which included all of the New Mexico Territory south of the 34th parallel. <mask> was elected second-in-command of the company, or First Lieutenant, and retained that rank when the Arizona Guards were absorbed into the Confederate Army. Swilling likely fought at the Battle of Pinos Altos, a Confederate victory and a battle which killed his commander, Captain Thomas J. Mastin (1839-1861).After a time spent defending against Apaches and acting as the de facto police force for the area around Pinos Altos, <mask> led a portion of the Arizona Guards that reinforced the garrison of Tucson in 1862. He is believed to have commanded a party of rebels who burned Stanwix Station and skirmished with the Union Army's California Column there in March. He was also involved in the noted incident at White's Mill at Casa Blanca, Arizona when Union Captain James McCleave was captured. Following the Union's capture of Tucson in May 1862, <mask>'s company retreated and he became a civilian employee of the United States Army, first as a dispatch rider between General James Carleton's California Column and Union forces up the Rio Grande, and later as a scout in an anti-Apache campaign. He was involved in the campaign to take Mesilla which ended with a Union takeover of Confederate Arizona's capital. Near the end of that employment, he encountered the Joseph R. Walker exploratory party near Pinos Altos when Swilling led the capture of the famous Apache chief Mangas Coloradas. Further prospecting and marriage

Swilling's war ended there and he convinced Joseph Walker and his group that there was gold in the central highlands of the new Arizona Territory.He then guided them to where the first Yavapai County mining district was formed, just a few miles south of present-day Prescott, on May 10, 1863. The expedition called it the Pioneer Mining District, and the rules they adopted were the area's first recorded laws. <mask> left the Walker party shortly after the formation of the Pioneer Mining District and joined up with the exploratory party of Pauline Weaver and Abraham Harlow Peeples (1842-1892), which arrived in the area shortly after the Walker group. He made a small fortune from the unusual surface gold mine at Rich Hill between Wickenburg and Prescott. News of his successes spread eastward when two gold samples from <mask>'s claim sent to General James Henry Carleton were forwarded for presentation to President Abraham Lincoln. Next, Swilling was briefly part owner of a flour mill in Tucson, apparently in partnership with his neighbor Charles T. Hayden. Quickly tiring of Tucson, he returned to Yavapai County where he prospected, owned gold mines and gold milling operations, and farmed.In addition he also was the mail contractor between Prescott and the Pima villages below the Salt River Valley on the Gila River. In the midst of all this activity, <mask> married a young Mexican woman of Spanish heritage named Trinidad Mejia Escalante (1847-1925). They were married on April 11, 1864, at Tucson's San Agustin Cathedral when Trinidad was about seventeen. Over the next fourteen years they had seven biological children, five girls and two boys, and adopted two Apache orphans, a boy and a girl. Swilling Irrigation and Canal Company

<mask> had the inspiration to form a canal company which would open the Salt River Valley to farming. On November 16, 1867, he formed the Swilling Irrigating and Canal Company at Wickenburg. Soon after, a small group of men headed by Swilling started construction of the first modern-era irrigation canals in the Salt River Valley; other pioneers and travelers had seen and commented on ancient Hohokam canals in the area, but it was Swilling who organized the first successful modern irrigation project.The following summer, the first crops of wheat, barley and corn were harvested. He promoted the irrigation system, which was in part inspired by the ruins of the Hohokam canals. Swilling Irrigating and Canal Company started the small farming community of Phoenix that has since grown into one of the United States' largest metropolitan areas. <mask> claimed a quarter section south of what became Van Buren Street between 32nd and 36th Streets for his own farm. He built a nine-room,  home there. His farm was a local showplace, featuring an artificial pond with tame ducks, a vineyard and an orchard with a variety of fruit trees. In the early days, <mask> was one of the most prominent leaders of the Phoenix settlement.The first post office was established on June 15, 1868, in <mask>'s homestead, with <mask> serving as the postmaster. He was also the first justice of the peace. He was involved in the planning and construction of additional canals, including the first ditch south of the Salt River in partnership with an old acquaintance and business partner, Charles T. Hayden, the founder of Tempe, Arizona and father of long-time Arizona Senator Carl T. Hayden. Death

Once Phoenix was well-established and the so-called "original townsite" was located over three miles (5 km) to the west of his holdings, he lost interest and moved his growing family back to central Arizona. There he mined, farmed and ranched until he became a suspect in a stagecoach robbery near Wickenburg. By the spring of 1878, he and his family were living in the small mining community of Gillett, around the area of Black Canyon City. His health was failing, and his drinking had become a problem.<mask> suggested that he go on a trip to recover and rebury the remains of their old friend, Colonel Jacob Snively, who had been killed by Apaches in the Wickenburg Mountains near the peak called White Picacho. While Swilling and two companions were on this journey, three hooded men—one tall, one medium-size, and one short—robbed a stagecoach near Wickenburg. This description matched that of Swilling and his companions and they became suspects in the robbery. Pima County Sheriff Wiley W. Standefer arrested <mask> and Andrew Kirby, but dropped the state charges so the federal courts could prosecute them and absorb the prosecution costs. Deputy U.S. Marshal Joseph W. Evans brought warrants for the two men to Prescott, where they were turned over to him, and Evans escorted them to the federal jail in Yuma. The sanitary conditions inside the prison at Yuma were very poor and, combined with the August heat plus the fact of his usage of a combination of narcotics and liquor to relieve the pain caused by old injuries ruined <mask>'s health further and eventually led to his death.He was released to the Hodges family, friends of the Swillings, and died in their home. The real culprits of the massacre were caught proving his innocence too late. The real robbers—led by a man Swilling and others had publicly accused—were identified only after <mask>'s death. Yuma Pioneer Cemetery

According to the written documents provided by <mask>' wife, <mask>, her husband was released to their friends, the Hodges family, who resided in Yuma. She also stated that Swilling died in the Hodges family house. The Hodges family owned two lots in the Yuma Pioneer Cemetery behind the old Catholic Church, and Swilling was buried in one of lots before his family could be notified. A headstone once marked his grave, however for some unknown reason the headstone is no longer there.After his death, <mask>'s reputation as a badman grew so fast that by the end of the 19th century a prominent Arizona historian described him as a "typical desperado." By many accounts he was a joker and yarn spinner and while drinking he spread tall tales about his exploits to all who would listen. Friends remembered <mask>ing as an honest, hard-working, and generous man always ready to help those in need of a meal or a place to sleep. He was known to put his own life at risk for others, literally riding to the rescue when help was needed in the face of an Apache attack. On Thursday afternoon, February 19, 1931, the Maricopa Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, in a simple ceremony with the presence of Arizona Governor George W. P. Hunt, unveiled and dedicated to the memory of <mask> and Trinidad <mask>, a fountain which stands in the park directly in front of the courthouse building in Phoenix. The fountain has a small bronze plaque with the following inscription: "In memory of Lieut. <mask>. <mask>, 1831-1878, who built the first modern irrigation ditch, and Trinidad, his wife, 1850-1925, who established in 1868 the first pioneer home in the Salt River Valley."See also

Phoenix, Arizona
List of historic properties in Black Canyon City, Arizona

References

Further reading
Bates, Albert R.  (2008) <mask>ing: Arizona's Most Lied About Pioneer  (Wheatmark Publishing Co., Tucson, AZ)
Sheridan, Thomas E. (1995) Arizona: A History (Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press)
Wilson, R. Michael (2007) Tragic Jack: The True Story of Arizona Pioneer John William <mask> (TwoDot)

External links
<mask>willing Exhibit, 1992 with historic documents and photos,  at Salt River Project
Swilling's cabin in Black Canyon City

1830 births
1878 deaths
Confederate States Army officers
Arizona folklore
American city founders
People from Anderson, South Carolina
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Military personnel from Phoenix, Arizona
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
People of Arizona in the American Civil War
Arizona pioneers
Arizona Territory
19th-century American businesspeople

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title: Asim Mukhopadhyay

type: original

texts:
<mask> (, also known as <mask> ) is a famous figure in the history of mountaineering in West Bengal, India. He was the pioneer in India for organizing high altitude scientific expeditions in the Himalayan region. He took part in many such expeditions as a climber between 1959 and 1974, and organised a few more in that period and later as an administrator. He was one of the main organisers of the first successful climbing on Nanda Ghunti and Tirsuli peaks by any non-government Indian organisation. <mask> is also known for his vast knowledge on Pali, Buddhist literature and culture. Early life, education, and teaching career
<mask> was born in Kolkata, India, the second son of <mask>, a famous advocate who appeared for Kazi Nazrul Islam in Banksal Court, Kolkata. He is the third of a family of four sisters and six brothers.He passed Matriculation in 1946 from Collins Institute, Lenin Sarani, Kolkata. He completed his Intermediate in 1948 and Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Pali from Vidyasagar College, Kolkata. He passed Master of Arts in Pali from University of Calcutta in 1952. He got great scholars like Suniti Kumar Chatterji, Nalinaksha Dutta, Sukumar Sen and Sukumar Sengupta as teachers during the same period. Sukumar Sengupta was Head of the Department of Pali department of the University of Calcutta and research guide in the Asiatic Society. <mask> was a teacher during 1953–1962 in Calcutta Corporation Primary School. He joined as a teacher of Pali in Ultadanga United High School in January 1963.He continued in the same school up to his retirement in 1992. He was President of Calcutta Corporation Teachers' Union for four years. He was also member of Board of Studies, West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education during 1973–1977 as a representative of Pali. Interest in Himalaya

<mask> started feeling of exploring challenges in life after completing his M.A. in 1952. He and his friend Gouranga Banerjee, working as in charge of reading section in Anandabazar Patrika started from Kolkata in October of the same year. They reached to Uttarkashi via Haridwar, Devprayag, Rudraprayag by bus and walked to Badrinath via Joshimath.After trekking of about 11 miles to Vasudhara falls on Alakananda, they returned to Kolkata. Mukhopadhyay organised a few expeditions to Himalaya before he completed his mountaineering training in 1962 in spite of being a little heavy and aged for the training at that time. He had to make himself physically fit by losing weight and quitting smoking forever. Famous Tibetan mountaineer Nawang Gombu was the main coach and trainer. Kalindi Pass Expedition, 1959
Mukhopadhyay took part in the expedition, the first by a non-government group in India, along with Sailesh Chakrabarty and Sukumar Ray. However, it was not recognised as an expedition by the Indian Mountaineering Foundation. Nanda Ghunti Expedition, 1960
Mukhopadhyay was one of the main organizers of the famous Nanda Ghunti Expedition, the first successful climb to the pick ever.The budget of the expedition was about INR 45000. They approached many industrialists including Krishna Kumar Birla, Alamohan Das for monetary help. Finally Ashok Sarkar, editor of the Anandabazar Patrika agreed to sponsor the expedition. A reporter Gour Kishore Ghosh and a photographer accompanied the climbers for regular reporting to Anandabazar. The expedition was carried out under leadership of Sukumar Ray, an employee of Calcutta Corporation. Other team members were Dilip Banerjee, Nemai Bose, Dhruba Majumder, Bishwadeb, Pemba Norbu, Nima Tashi and others. Sukumar Ray and Nima Tashi climbed Nandaghunti on 22 October 1960.Roopkund Expedition, 1963
Swami Pranavanand wrote an article named "Mysterious lake of Roopkund" on The Illustrated Weekly of India in 1962. Swami mentioned his finding of more than five hundred dead bodies at north western side of Roopkund lake. He also mentioned about local legend of king Jasdhawal and queen Ballabha sung by villagers of Wan village. The legend says that the bodies are of companions of the king. Queen gave birth of a child in the place and the whole group died due to earthquake and a snow storm created by goddess Nandadevi because of not maintaining the sanctity of the holy place. Sukumar Ray formed a new organisation named "Hikers Club Bengal" with Anima Banerjee as president. Mukhopadhyay and the other members of the club were inspired by the article and wrote a letter to Swami mentioning their planned expedition.Pranavanand initially discouraged them as the area is really dangerous for an expedition. Yet the group planned for an expedition to resolve the mystery of the dead bodies. A team of eight led by Sukumar Ray reached the ashram of Swami at Garur belongs to present Uttarakhand. <mask> joined the team as an archaeologist. Other members of the team were Charu Das, Kalidas Banerjee, Sushanta De Sarkar, Sushanta Gupta (photographer)and a few more. Raichand Sing was taken as guide as he accompanied Swami Pranavanand too. The final destination by bus was Gwaldam.The team started trekking from there. They faced a problem related to remuneration of the high altitude porters in a village called Pathar Nachuni on the way. The people of Wan village could not sing the legendary story of king Jasdhawl. Mukhopadhyay concluded that the legend was not true as was described by Raichand Singh, who is from the same village, to Swami. They reached to Roopkund on 2 October. However the area was covered with almost 20 feet of snow because of heavy snow fall. So the bodies could not be seen.The team took a different route to reach Gwaldam, the end point of expedition. Sushanta Gupta created a one-hour documentary film on the expedition. A parallel expedition to the same place and at the same time was organised by Himalayan Association too. Tirsuli Expedition, 1966
Secretary of Himalayan Association Chanchal Kumar Mitra requested <mask> to join the team as chief patron and advisor. <mask> did not join the expedition to organize the activities from Kolkata. He was the main interface to the printing media, mainly UNI and PTI who were publishing the reports during and after the expedition. This was the first successful summit to the peak after six failed attempts earlier.Nirapada Mullik and Shyamal Chakravarty were the submitters. Other notable members were Manik Banerjee, Marcopolo Srimal, Dr. Amitabha Sen (medical officer). The team was congratulated by many mountaineering organisations around the world after the success. Council of Himalayan Exploration and Research
During his exploration of Himalaya <mask> felt the necessity of organizing scientific expeditions with scholars from different academic fields to conduct studies on mostly unexplored high altitude Himalayan region. He called for a convention with scholars of Botany, Zoology, Anthropology, Geology, Biochemistry etc. from different colleges and universities and a few experienced mountaineers in the month of January 1968. It was decided to form an organisation to conduct such scientific explorations.Thus the council, brain child of Mukhopadhyay was formed in 1968 with himself as the first chairman and Kalidas Banerjee as vice-chairman. Other notable members were Netai Roy (secretary), Pradip Dasgupta (secretary), Arun Mukherjee (secretary), Sailesh Chakravorty (accountant/treasurer). The registered office of the council was in 24 Creek Row, Kolkata. Being first of its kind in India, the organisation was established to promote mountaineering based scientific explorations, publication of research papers etc. Research scholars associated with the organisation were Pradip Dasgupta (Lecturer, Department of Geology, Presidency College, Kolkata), Himanshu Banerjee (Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Kolkata), Bishwanath Banerjee (Professor of Anthropology, Science College, Kolkata), Rasomoy Dutta (Botanical Survey of India), Narendra Mohon Dutta (Lecturer, Department of Botany, City College, Kolkata). Later joined Tridib Bose (Geography, National Atlas Organisation), Kamal Banerjee (Lecturer, Department of Zoology, Presidency College, Kolkata), Prabal Dey (Zoological Survey of India), Dr. Gour Gopal Maiti (Lecturer, Department of Botany, Kalyani University), Mukul Hajra (Anthropological Survey of India). Many samples were collected and research papers were published from the expeditions conducted by the council.Kuti Valley Expedition, 1968
This was the first expedition conducted by the council. Mukhopadhyay along with Prof. Pradeep Dasgupta was the main organiser of the expedition. The initial scheme was rejected by Indian Mountaineering Foundation mentioning that it was out of their scope to grant money for such a scientific exploration. IMA suggested seeking support from University Grant Commission, who also refused to provide the support. The scheme was re-planned to divide into two parts in order get financial support within the rules and regulations of IMA. Education department of West Bengal Government, Amrita Bazar Patrika and Jugantar Patrika were also co sponsors. Under the leadership of Pradip Dasgupta two peaks beside Nama Pass were under plan for climbing, although could not be climbed due to heavy snow fall in the region.A new virgin peak, unnamed on map but locally called Sangtang (6630 m), was targeted for climbing. It is the highest peak in Zanskar range. There was an unsuccessful attempt to climb Sangtang by two Swiss geologists Dr. Heim and Dr. Gansaar in 1936. Special permission was taken from the Indian military base located there as the peak was very close to the India-Tibet border. Kalidas Banerjee, Shanti Chatterjee, Charuchandra Das, Sushanta Gupta(photographer), Anil Kumar Dutta and Sushanta Kumar De Sarkar were notable among the team members. The summit party, led by Dilip Bhattacharya, sherpa Pemba Tharkay and sherpa Wanchoo conquered the peak at 2.55 PM on 25 September. The peak was named "Ramkrishna Paramhansa Girishringa"by the team after the famous Indian mystic Ramakrishna Paramhansa.The research papers published out of this expedition were:
 "A collection of Aphides ([Hemiptera]) from Kuti Valley, West Himalaya" – by H. Banerjee, A.K. Ghosh, D.N. Roychoudhury, Entomology Laboratory, University of Calcutta – Oriental Insects, Vol. 3, pp. 255–264, 1969
 "The Flora of Kuti Valley" – by R. Datta, Botanical Survey of India – Himalayan Mountaineering Journal Vol. 5, pp. 42–43 1969
 "Adrenomedullary response of the Pigeon exposed to high altitude" – by P. Lahiri & H. Banerjee, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta – Indian Journal of Physiology and Allied Science, Vol.23, pp. 100–106
 On Textural peculiarities observed in Muth Quartzites of Kuti Valley – by P. Dasgupta, Presidency College Calcutta – Journal of the Geological Society of India, Vol. 12, pp. 152–156, pp. 413–416, 1972
 "On the zoological collection during Kuti Valley expedition 1968" – by Himanshu Banerjee
 "An outline of cultural life in Kuti – a high altitude village" – Prof. Biswanath Banerjee, lecturer, dept. of Anthropology, University of Calcutta

Upper Spiti Exploration, 1970

The pre monsoon expedition was carried out under leadership of Prof. Pradip Dasgupta. Other members were Kalidas Banerjee and Dr. Chatterjee (Anthropological Survey of India).This was the second expedition organised by the council. Manirang Expedition, 1974
Manirang is one of the highest peaks in Himachal Pradesh. A six-week-long expedition for climbing the peak was organised by Council of Himalayan Exploration and Research under the leadership of Pradip Dasgupta. Apart from Mukhopadhyay the other members were Sailesh Chakravorty, Dilip Dutta and Prashanta Roy. The purpose of the expedition was to conduct a survey on socio religious life of the indigenous people with special reference to Buddhist culture. Different phases of the evolution of Buddhism, Buddhist art and architecture were studied. The team started from Kolkata on 2 June 1974.The team had a meeting with Dr. Y.S. Parmar, chief minister of Himachal Pradesh and got Raptan Chhering Budh, a local interpreter through him. The journey started from Tabo and continued through Poh and Dankhar. Monasteries including Tabo, Kee and Dankhar were visited and the culture and lifestyle of Buddhist were studied in detail. In Dankhar monastery they found young monks painting about Buddhist mythology on the inner walls of caves. Pradip Dasgupta met with an accident and his thigh got severely injured during the journey to the Babeh pass. After preliminary first aid, he was carried by sherpas as the journey continued.On 2 July <mask> fell down from a height of about 200 ft and managed to escape from a sure death by falling into Spiti river as he somehow managed to hang on to a rock at the last moment. However his knee got fractured due to the impact with the stone. This was his last expedition as a climber. Kuti Valley Project (2nd phase) 1976
The potential of Kuti valley in terms of research work on various branches of science inspired the council to conduct the second scientific expedition in the region. The team led by Dilip Kumar Dutta started from Kolkata on 3 October and reached Tawaghat in Pithoragarh district, the final point by bus, on 10th. They reached in Kuti village on 22nd. Zoological collections were not up to the mark as anticipated earlier.Zoologists Probal Dey and Kamal Banerjee collected some reptiles including a poisonous snake, butterflies, parasites etc. Botanist Dr. Gour Maiti collected about two hundred plant species. Anthropology data were collected emphasizing on marriage system, Philology and physical studies. Anthropologist Mukul Hazra found that consanguineous marriage was common in this region earlier. Dr. Tridib Kumar Bose, a geographer, recorded a complete weather chart from Pithoragarh to Kuti. Some plants used by local people for medicinal purpose were also collected. <mask> organised the expedition and handled its administrative side.Exploration SPINGPA Valleys 1978
SPINGPA stands for Spiti Valley, Pin, Yang valleys of Spiti district, Ropa, Baspa valleys of Kinnaur district, Manirang pass and Manirang peak (6593 m). The budget for the expedition was about INR 25000. The twelve member team consisted of research scholars from different fields of science and a few mountaineers. The team, led by Dr. Pulak Lahiri started on 21 May from Kolkata. A few of the targeted research areas are mentioned below. Study on presence and distribution on high altitude fish Fauna in different rivers and lakes in the region
 Parasitological study of high altitude fauna
 Study on human biology of the inhabitants of the adjoining area of Manirang pass of Spiti and Kinnaur districts, Himachal Pradesh
 Limnological studies enrooted Manirang pass and specially of the Yang lake adjacent to the pass
 Politico-Historical background, physical and cultural settings of the entire area under coverage

Rock Climbing course in Susunia Hill, Bankura

Mukhopadhyay and Sukumar Ray surveyed Ajodhya Hills, Purulia to find out possibilities of rock climbing course in 1961. It was found unsuitable for the same.They also surveyed Jaichandi Hills, Adra, Purulia and found it dangerous for such a course. Finally Susunia hills in Bankura was surveyed in 1962 and found suitable for the course. The course was formally started in 1963 on a regular basis under the banner of Himalayan Association. Later other mountaineering clubs also included such courses to Susunia and other places. Council of Himalayan Exploration and Research later organised rock climbing courses in their training programs for new aspiring mountaineers. References

External links
 Alpinejournal.org.uk
 Contentwriter.in

Indian mountain climbers
Vidyasagar College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
1929 births
Living people
Bengali people

masks:
Asim Mukhopadhyay
Asim Mukherjee
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Malin Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay
Mukhopadhyay


title: Geri Jewell

texts:
Geraldine Ann "<mask>" <mask> (born September 13, 1956) is an American actress, stand-up comedian, diversity consultant, and motivational speaker, noted for roles on the 1980s sitcom The Facts of Life and the mid-2000s western Deadwood. She is known as being one of the first people on a TV sitcom with cerebral palsy, and she has helped advocate for the disabled throughout her career. She has also been an advocate for the LGBTQIA community since publicly coming out as lesbian in her 2011 autobiography. Biography
Originally from Buffalo, New York, Jewell was born to Olga and <mask>. She has two brothers, David and Fred; her sister Gloria passed away in 2016. Due to a car accident Jewell's mother was in while pregnant with her, Jewell was born three months early. She was diagnosed with cerebral palsy at eighteen months old.Growing up, Jewell’s parents were determined not to raise her differently from rest of their children, lest she think she wasn't as capable as her siblings. <mask> said she is thankful that they encouraged her to pursue her passions. After her diagnosis of cerebral palsy, <mask> and her family moved to Orange County, California so that she could have access to better care as well as schools that could accommodate her needs. Jewell attended a private school for children with cerebral palsy and remained there through first grade. After first grade, she attended a special education program at a public school, where she faced discrimination. Jewell described her school life as lonely and sheltered; she said she never had a best friend growing up, and was never able to practice her social skills. <mask> explains that this led her to be emotionally immature for her age.However, she claimed that, overall, she had a good childhood due to her parents and teachers who believed in her and encouraged her talent for comedy. Jewell was inspired by Carol Burnett and wrote Burnett a letter when she was just thirteen, asking her for advice since she too wanted to be a comedic actress. Burnett wrote back to her, telling her to “keep putting one foot in front of the other until [she] gets where [she] wants to go”, which Jewell did. Later on in life, Jewell went with a friend to see Carol Burnett perform. She got to sit in the front row and met her childhood idol afterward. Although she always knew she was interested in the arts, Jewell first studied accounting and psychology at college before committing to the theater. Jewell went to two different junior colleges; Cypress College and then Fullerton College.It was at Fullerton College where <mask> befriended Alex Valdez, a blind comedian, who encouraged her to do stand-up at The Comedy Store. Jewell wanted to transfer once more and enroll in UCLA-Fullerton to earn a degree in psychology and theater arts, but she ended up dropping out to perform at The Comedy Store, since she struggled with some of her college classes and wanted to pursue acting more seriously. Jewell said that maturing emotionally was one of her hardest accomplishments, since she had been somewhat sheltered as a child. After she dropped out of college, Jewell began work as a stand-up comic at The Comedy Store in 1978. Facts of Life
In 1980, Jewell was offered a role on The Facts of Life. The show ended up being one of the longest-running TV sitcoms in the 1980s. The Facts of Life was a spin-off from Diff'rent Strokes, which featured Edna Garrett, the housekeeper in the Drummond household.Garrett was written into the new show as a housemother, and later a dietitian, at the fictitious Eastland private school. Jewell first appeared in the show's second season. Her role as <mask> Tyler, the cousin of Blair, was groundbreaking. She was the first disabled actor to have a recurring role on a TV series;. She was on The Facts of Life for twelve episodes and her contract ended in 1984. Not only was Jewell fired from The Facts of Life, but her then-manager was also arrested for embezzlement and securities fraud. Jewell was left broke and without professional representation.In her first autobiography, Geri, published in 1984, Jewell wrote of the situation,

Post-Facts of Life
The years immediately following the show were dark for Jewell, and included an addiction to sleeping pills. A biography about her written by Stewart Weiner, also titled Geri, was published without her authorization. She never believed it illustrated her life as well as her autobiography. Jewell was asked to speak at the White House about her disability in 1985. She began her speech: “Love and fear cannot exist at the same time. One cannot exist in the presence of the other...[people are] not born into the world with prejudice; prejudice is a learned behavior. Fear is what stops us from loving genuinely”.Jewell told the audience at the White House to face their fears and uncertainties first in order to love others. This speech helped lead her to her next chapter as a motivational speaker. In 1986, Jewell said her new role as an advocate for the disabled allowed her to pick up the pieces of her life, and to find purpose. She also found success as a consultant to Fortune 500 companies on creating better accommodations and more inclusive culture for the disabled workforce. In 2011, Jewell published her autobiography, I’m Walking As Straight As I Can: Transcending Disability in Hollywood and Beyond, which later won a 2013 Golden Halo Award, and the 2013 UCP Life Without Limits Award. She discussed the frustration of constantly being cast solely for her disability. Although representation is important, she said, she would have liked Hollywood to see her as an actor who could play roles not specifically written for someone with cerebral palsy.She also wrote about her 2002 divorce from husband Richard Pimentel and came out publicly as a lesbian. The title, I'm Walking as Straight as I Can referred both to her cerebral palsy and sexual orientation. Deadwood
Jewell appeared as the recurring character Jewel on the HBO original series Deadwood from 2004—2006 and in its 2019 film continuation. In an interview with Adrienne Faillace for Television Academy, Jewell explained how she co-created her character on Deadwood with the director David Milch. Jewell described her first meeting with Milch and his writers, and how after their meeting, Milch asked her to “forget everything that happened." When Milch told her this, Jewell said, she believed that was no longer being considered for the role. But in a turn that surprised her, Milch told Jewell he wanted her to tell him about her insights on the character, and to tell him what she believed would accurately represent a person with cerebral palsy in the 19th Century.She said she appreciated his respect for her talents as a writer and actor. Awards
Jewell has been the recipient of many awards, including the 1992 Founders Award, the 2005 Independent Living Legacy Award, and a National Rehabilitation Hospital Victory Award (in 2006). Jewell also was considered to win an Emmy award for her role in the HBO hit series, Deadwood. Jewell's most recent autobiography, I'm Walking as Straight as I Can, received the 2012 Gold Award by the Independent Publishers. Further, Jewel also received the 2013 Golden Halo Award and the 2013 UCP Life Without Limits Award. Filmography

Television

Books

References

External links
Official Website

1956 births
American film actresses
American memoirists
American stand-up comedians
American television actresses
American people with disabilities
American lesbian actresses
American lesbian writers
LGBT memoirists
LGBT people from New York (state)
Living people
Actresses from Buffalo, New York
People with cerebral palsy
American women memoirists
Comedians from New York (state)
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Lesbian comedians
Actors with disabilities
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses

masks:
Geri
Jewell
Jack Jewell
Geri
Jewell
Geri
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Geri


title: Gilberto Zorio

texts:
<mask> (Andorno Micca,1944) is an Italian artist associated with the Italian Arte Povera movement. <mask>'s artwork shows his fascination with natural processes, alchemical transformation, and the release of energy. His sculptures, paintings, and performances are often read as metaphors for revolutionary human action, transformation, and creativity. He is known for his use of materials including: incandescent electric light tubes, steel, pitch, motifs, and processes through the use of evaporation and oxidation. He also creates precarious installations using fragile materials such as Stella di Bronzo and Acidi within his work. Education
<mask> studied at the Scuola di arte e di ceramica (School of Arts and Ceramics) and then the Academy of Fine Arts in Turin (1963-1970). <mask> originally studied painting, but he soon moved on to sculpture and had his first solo show of three-dimensional works in 1967 at the Galleria Sperone, Turin.He continued to live there and teach after he graduated. Early work
A lot of <mask>'s early work tended toward that which the North American artist Robert Morris identified as a 'dedifferentiation' between the materials and forms of art in post minimalist sculptural practice. This led to <mask> presenting objects that asserted dynamic relationships with their materials and spatial or environmental context. This can be seen in <mask>'s semi-cylinder of cobalt chloride which changed color in reaction to the spectator's presence. Throughout his career, <mask> was influenced by Michelangelo Pistoletto, Piero Gilardi, and Mario Merz. <mask>'s early pieces done between 1966 and 1968 concretized energy processes. These works utilized the process of chemical reactions or simple physical actions (such as oxidation, evaporation, refining, or electric transmission).These early works are based on autonomous changes taking place within a given system, or on changes caused by outside intervention (e.g., by the viewer). These events and changes take place within the work occurring at a slow pace, turning the weight and impact of time and the relentless rhythm of nature into something tangible. Energy, both on the physical-chemical and emotional level, is common to all these processes. These concepts can be seen in pieces such as: Rosa-blu-rosa, Tenda, Piombi, Senza titolo, 1967 and Senza titolo, 1968. Role in Arte Povera
Since his first exhibition at the Galleria Sperone in Turin in 1967, <mask> <mask>'s work has been linked to the history of Arte Povera. These first productions were strange objects, which were results of completed actions or ones that are still under way. Next came his work involving the action and reaction of the artist's body like in Odio ("hate" in Italian), a word inscribed with an ax in a wall.The role of words and speech is essential in these pieces. <mask> participated in the famous exhibition When Attitudes Become Form (1969), organized by Harald Szeemann in Bern. There <mask> presented Torcia, a radical piece where flaming torches, suspended above the ground, fall causing the collapse and destruction of the work itself. In 1969 he also exhibited in Paris for the first time along with New York for the event "Nine at Castelli" where, with Giovanni Anselmo, they were the only European artists, faced with artists of Process Art, Antiform and Post-minimal artists. Later in life, <mask> commented on the beginning of the Arte Povera movement and his role, with the other artists of the Arte Povera movement, that "leaving the box or leaving the framework, acting outside the framework, I don't know whether that was understood as a gesture of liberty, of freedom, whether we were understood as a force saying 'Here we are, we are ready to enter into dialog' I think a lot has to do with perception of the other and what happens around the perception of the other.”

<mask> has stated that his belief in art is that “It can’t be masked or disguised, and I think I can say that of the work of so many artists, it can't be masked or hidden or disguised. And that I think is a very positive fact, I mean you can physically destroy a work of art, you can try and affect its intrinsic strength as a result of the context in which it exists, but I don't think you can actually change it." Themes

Alchemy

Like many of the artist of the expanded Arte Povera movement, <mask> professed faith in and practiced alchemy.This added to the reasons why <mask> identified with the luck-bringing five pointed pentagram, which is the symbol of Venus. Many of his pieces were influenced by this belief and influenced his choice in materials. An example of this is found in his pieces using mine lamps. One can interpret the lamp as a symbol for the enlightenment of the spirit. Stella
Stars are a recurring theme in <mask>'s work. It became an obsession and he saw it as a part of the public imagination. He described his processes in these works by stating "I have done nothing more than make it, drag it in, and make use of it in favor I know not what of, though I hope and believe in favor of a need for energy and amazement."Canoe
<mask>ti
Javelins are a recurring theme in <mask>'s work. He used javelins as stand-alone objects and has also used them to work into other the themes. An example of this can be found in <mask>'s piece titled Stella di giavellotti (Star of javelins). According to <mask>, the javelin is an instrument whose "design has been perfected through the millennia (and has) reached absolute beauty."Works

Tenda (1967)
<mask>'s Tenda is a work that plays with the laws of physics and chance. <mask> took a green cloth, which was soaked in salt water, draped it over a metal scaffolding, and clamped it in place. The salt water ran through the cloth and onto the ground, where it evaporated, leaving traces of salt on the cloth. This was shown at Sperone gallery, Turin, in <mask>'s solo show in 1967. It was shown again in 'Con temp l'azione', in Turin in 1967. Colonna (1967)
<mask> created Colonna (Column). This piece is a simple column made of asbestos that crushes a rubber tube.<mask> created three works with the same materials and dimensions that have been realized with the same title. <mask> commented on this piece saying, “Rubber is a plant material, it becomes very hard with this cement that runs over it and it doesn’t touch the ground, in a terrifying balance, where the air chamber supports the overturned capital pipe. It is as if the breath were missing from a historic being, one might speak of feelings, of forces and relationships between present and past, but interpretations risk missing the mark." Rosa-blu-rosa (1967)
For Rosa-blu-rosa (Pink-blue-pink) <mask> created a half-cylinder of asbestos cement that contains a mixture of cobalt chloride. This causes it to changes color from pink to blue in relation to changes in atmospheric humidity. A defining feature of this work is, therefore, the contrast between its elemental form and its instability, including the static structure and its ability to change, identifying not in a state of quiet, but in an energetic process in perpetual transformation, thanks to which, the time becomes a constitutive element of the work. Germano Celant, an Italian art historian, critic, and curator, commented on this piece saying, "Thus this involves a time system that reacts to the changes that concern it, and its formal equilibrium, in the absence of an optimal or quiet state, is changed by external intervention; to experience the work, the viewer must be present, since it is his or her presence that necessarily transforms the appearance of the work.The change of color is not dictated by aesthetic principles, but by an extra-artistic element." Senza titolo (1968)
<mask>'s Senza titolo (untitled) is a performative sculpture. <mask> took a bowl and filled it with a mix of bright yellow sulphur powder and iron powder. In the bowl of powder is a magnetic handle. As the participant drags the handle along the powder, it picks up the black iron powder thus creating black marks across the surface. Eventually the handle loses its magnetic pull and the iron will start falling back into the sulphur mixture. Senza titolo (1969)
<mask>'s Senza titolo (untitled) is a piece created out of bamboo branches, bonfire, Pyrex pot, and cement bricks.A bundle of bamboo sticks are suspended 40 cm above the floor. Below this, <mask> built a small fire between two cement blocks, on which he balanced an upturned Pyrex dish. When talking about this piece, <mask> comments that “In my work... I see and proceed... with discontinuous movements; it is a way of acting and reflecting that takes into account senses of time and impulses that are at times very short while at other highly extended; it is a kind of exploration in which, sometimes, I am surprised to discover the remains of an old campsite of mine... It would be enough to light the fire again." Scrittura bruciata (1968-69)
<mask>'s Scrittura bruciata (Burnt writing) is one of the sculptures which he used as part of a performance, as well as a stand-alone piece. A heated copper plate was placed inside a rectangular wire cage.A sheet of copper was attached to one side of the cage to make a ledge where <mask> placed a sheet of paper and a pen with invisible ink on top of it. <mask> wrote messages on the paper in invisible ink and dropped the page onto the hot plate where the words became visible for a few seconds until the paper burnt up. It was first exhibited at Sonnabend Gallery, Paris, 1969, and was shown later that year as part of the exhibition "Op losse schroeven" at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam. Per purificare le parole (1969)
Per purificare le parole was one of the first of <mask>'s large series. This work is intended to be an interactive piece which facilitates the alchemical transformation of spoken language by filtering through alcohol. A long tube of soft hemp was filled with alcohol and attached to a metal frame. The tube was left with two open ends that were raised to the level of a standing persons height.This work becomes interactive when the spectator speaks into one end of the tube. His voice is then filtered, as it runs through the tube, and comes out at the other end of the tube "purified." This work was originally shown at the 1970 "Gennaio '70: Third International Biennial of Young Painting," Bologna. <mask> commented on this work saying, "Alcohol is a mystic liquid. It is also called 'spirits.' It disinfects, burns, inebriates, it transforms and modifies perception." -<mask> <mask>," 1985.Confine incandescente (1970-1971)
<mask> has used text as image throughout his career. He uses many different materials in the creation of these works. Examples of these are in pieces such as: Odio [hate], Confine [border], and Fluidità Radicale [radical fluidity]. Three different versions of Confine were created. In one the word confine was written in incandescent wire and hung in a room. Another version was created by photographer Paolo Mussat Sartor in 1971. Sartor used long exposure to photograph the artist sitting in Sartor studio with the word "confine" written in the air from the smoke of a cigarette.The smoke made it so that the artist could barely be seen. Another version was created by <mask> in 1971 when <mask> wrote "confine" on a gallery wall with luminous ink which was visible only when the lights were off. Every four minutes the lights would turn off for a few seconds to reveal the hidden ink before the lights turned on again. Canoa (1984-1991)
<mask> created his first Canoa in 1984. That piece was formed of an elongated terracotta triangle which was balanced on a crucible. <mask> created this series out of many unconventional materials including: wood, leather, javelins, copper sulphate, hydrochloric acid, and alcohol. Morio's installations have a strong spatial presence, and his canoe has the same aerodynamic feel as the tips of his javelin piece, Stella di giavellotti (Star of javelins).This element is common in his work. Canoa'' is a real and symbolic piece which suggest fluidity, action, and speed. <mask> uses stars and crucibles in conjunction with his canoes which are associated with sailors and navigation. References

1944 births
People from Andorno Micca
Italian conceptual artists
Italian contemporary artists
Arte Povera
Living people

masks:
Gilberto Zorio
Zorio
Zorio
Gilberto
Zorio
Zorio
Zorio
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Gilberto
Zorio
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title: Gorden Tallis

texts:
<mask> (born 27 July 1973), also known by the nickname of "Raging Bull" for his on-field aggression,is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A Queensland State of Origin and Australian international representative second-row forward, he captained both these teams as well as the Brisbane Broncos with whom he won the 1997, 1998 and 2000 Grand Finals, after starting his career with the St. George Dragons in Sydney. At the peak of his career <mask> was considered as the best  forward in the world and in 2008 was named in an Indigenous Australian rugby league team of the century. He is currently a commentator and pundit for the Fox Sports network. He served as a National Rugby League board member and was a member of the board of directors for the North Queensland Cowboys. <mask> also worked on the coaching staff of the South Sydney Rabbitohs. Background
<mask> is of Torres Strait Islander and Vanuatuan descent.<mask>' father Wally played rugby league briefly for Leigh in the 1960s. <mask> <mask> was born in Townsville, North Queensland on 27 July 1973. There he played for the Centrals Tigers club. Professional playing career

St George Dragons
Tallis moved to Sydney to make his first grade debut in the Winfield Cup premiership for St. George on 29 August, 1992, aged . He was a reserve in St George's 1993 grand final loss to Brisbane. <mask> was used to bad effect off the interchange bench during the 1994 season and also made his representative debut for the Queensland side in the final two State of Origin series games that year. In 1995 he was included in the Tongan squad for the 1995 World Cup but had to withdraw due to injury.When the proposed Super League competition was put on hold in 1995, <mask> offered to buy out the final year of his contract with St George in order to join the Broncos. The Dragons declined the offer however, and subsequent court action held him to his original contract. Having already signed a Super League contract to play with Brisbane, the fiery North Queenslander caused controversy when he was the only player who chose to sit out the 1996 season rather than play a final year with St George. After having made 54 appearances for the Dragons, he left Sydney. Brisbane Broncos

<mask> returned to the game with the Broncos for the 1997 Super League season and was the most dominant forward in the competition, which culminated in Brisbane's crushing 26–8 win over the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the Telstra Cup grand final. In addition to representing Queensland in the Super League Tri-series competition, he made his international debut in the 1997 post season's Super League Test series against Great Britain, playing at second-row forward in all three matches. In 1998 <mask> returned to St. George for the first time since his acrimonious split with the Saints and was pelted with garbage and insults and was loudly booed every time he touched the ball before his try secured a 30–18 victory.Brisbane went on to capture another premiership with <mask> scoring a try and winning the prestigious Clive Churchill Medal as the best and fairest player on-field in the club's 38–12 1998 NRL grand final win over the Canterbury Bulldogs. <mask> made his Australian Kangaroos Test debut in the second match of the Trans-Tasman series. He continued his great personal form when chosen for the ANZAC Test in 1999 and spearheaded Queensland's State of Origin campaign in a historic tied series. However, the season ended with Brisbane's failure to defend its premiership and <mask> was ruled out of October's Tri-Nations competition because of injury. 2000 saw him score a try in Australia's 52–0 thrashing of New Zealand in the ANZAC Test, but after being sent off in the opening State of Origin match for verbally abusing referee Bill Harrigan, <mask> suffered the ignominy of a whitewash defeat (his public admission that the 'dead' third match of the series should be cancelled was a momentary lapse in judgment that may have indirectly contributed to the Blues' 56–16 win). If <mask>' stature as the most dominant forward in the game wasn't secure following Brisbane's 14–6 win over the Roosters in the 2000 NRL grand final, his four tries in Australia's 82–0 humiliation of Papua New Guinea before the 2000 World Cup, and his selection as Australian captain for the match against Russia (which resulted in a record 110–4 victory) did. In 2000, <mask> also received the Australian Sports Medal.Following Australia's World Cup victory, <mask> and teammate Shane Webcke wrote an open letter to players appealing for an end to scandalous behaviour amongst footballers which had been tarnishing the sport. Captaincy
Having won the 2000 NRL Premiership, the Broncos traveled to England to play against 2000's Super League V Champions, St Helens R.F.C. for the 2001 World Club Challenge, with newly appointed captain <mask> playing at second-row forward in Brisbane's loss. <mask> captained a rookie Queensland team in the 34–16 win over New South Wales in the opening match of the 2001 State of Origin series and was named man-of-the-match. Soon after, he suffered a career-threatening neck injury in a club match against the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles which revealed a spinal condition that required corrective surgery. While <mask>' season was over (despite the smokescreen of his naming on the Broncos' interchange bench for the club's preliminary final) he made a strong return to football in 2002. It was in the deciding match of the 2002 State of Origin series that <mask> <mask> performed a famous tackle on Blues fullback, Brett Hodgson, dragging him several metres and eventually tossing him out of the field of play like a rag-doll.<mask>' reaction later of giving the one-finger salute to a section of the crowd, right behind the northern try-line where Dane Carlaw's series-tying try was scored, became a major after-match talking point. <mask> gained some sympathy when it was revealed that he was objecting to an offensive sign about his mother. But many again raised questions about his capacity to captain Australia with debate raging over the choice between <mask> or Andrew Johns to succeed Brad Fittler. Days later Johns was chosen to lead the Kangaroos in the July Test against Great Britain. <mask> scored a try in Australia's 64–10 win in that match and was later named Test leader (in Johns' absence) for the one-off Test against New Zealand in October, which Australia also won 32–24. In January 2003, Tallis' book Raging Bull was published. His ancestry and ethnicity has been the subject of many questions much to the bemusement of Tallis.In his book, <mask> addresses these questions;

"People ask me about my ethnic background. Newspapers pick me in their "fantasy" Indigenous and Aboriginal sides. To tell the honest truth, I haven't worried too much about it. An auntie of mine did some research and she found that my great-grandfather came from North Western Ambrym in Vanuatu and my great-grandmother was from Loh Island in the Torres Strait. All we were ever told in my family was that we were Australians. My dad was born in Townsville and his dad was born in Bowen, so that makes us Australian and we’re proud of it. I have played in one Indigenous side though, the Redfern All Blacks, who won the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tournament in 1992.That was some side. We had Choc Mundine who was about 17, Tricky Trindall who was 25, and Wes Patten who was 19. People might have read a bit into me playing in that tournament but to me it was just a chance to play some footy with my mates." At the end of 2003, <mask>, who was expected to lead Australia on the 2003 Kangaroo tour announced his retirement from representative football, but continued playing with the Broncos. In 2004 he started to feel more affected by his neck injury and took heed of the warning signs his body was emitting. He played his last official match in the 2004 semi-final for the Brisbane Broncos, fittingly in his hometown of Townsville, against the Cowboys, which the Broncos lost. At the time of his retirement, he held the Broncos' club record of most career tries for a forward.During the 2007 season at the Broncos' 20-year anniversary celebration, the club announced a list of the 20 best players to play for them to date which included <mask>. In 2010 <mask> was inducted into the Broncos official Hall of Fame. Career Stats

NSWRL/ARL/Super League/NRL

Representative

Accolades
Clive Churchill Medal: 1998

Dally M Second Rower Of The Year: 1999

Indigenous Team of the Century: 2008

NRL Team of the 1990s: 2003

Post-football career
In 2005 <mask> was appointed as one of News Ltd's members on the NRL board, replacing John Brass but stood down from the role in 2008, amid speculation that he will join the coaching staff of Catalans Dragons. He was a director on the board of the North Queensland Cowboys, a role he had to relinquish when he joined the South Sydney Rabbitohs as a forwards coach. He was brought in by Russell Crowe to add his knowledge and aggression to the team. Tallis commentates games for Fox Sports, as well as providing written columns for newspapers. <mask> has made his views on fighting clear on the Fox Sports broadcasts of Rugby League, stating that if a fight erupts, "he would run in, you would run in, we would all run in, because it's your mate getting bashed".During the 2010 NRL season after it was announced that South Sydney Rabbitohs head coach John Lang would be retiring, incoming replacement coach Michael Maguire from the Wigan Warriors announced that <mask>' services as forwards coach were no longer required. In 2016, <mask> was immortalized with a Gord-e-moji emoji keyboard, in the same vein as his contemporary Kim Kardashian's "Kimoji". The app was developed for iOS by Devotion Digital in Sydney, with plans to roll out an Android version later in 2016. In 2018, <mask> was inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. In August 2019, <mask> called for the NRL to relocate Sydney teams and called crowds at Sydney games as "Embarrassing". <mask> went on to say “Could the NRL put in some key performance indicators to move one of the Sydney teams?, It’s got to go on fans,” he said. “It’s got to go on filling a stadium.It’s got to go on people wanting to watch you, coming through the gate to pay to watch your brand, your style of football, Roosters are on top of the table and count their fans with a fork to get their numbers up, There’s nothing worse when you watch a game of footy and there’s no one there, you get embarrassed". References

External links

<mask> <mask> Tallis FootySocial Profile
 <mask> Tallis at stateoforigin.com.au
 Tallis calls it quits – ABC Sport
 Pressure Mounts on Tallis – article at smh.com.au
<mask> Tallis at nqsports.com.au
Gorden Tallis Hosting 2011 State of Origin Corporate Packages with EP Marketing

1973 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian people of Tongan descent
Australian people of Vanuatuan descent
Australian rugby league administrators
Australian rugby league commentators
Australian rugby league players
Brisbane Broncos captains
Brisbane Broncos players
Clive Churchill Medal winners
Fox Sports (Australian TV network) people
Indigenous Australian rugby league players
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin captains
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin players
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Rugby league players from Townsville
Rugby league second-rows
St. George Dragons players

masks:
Gorden James Tallis
Tallis
Tallis
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Gorden
Tallis
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Tallis
Gorden
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Tallisrden
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Gorden


title: James Ennis III

texts:
<mask> (born July 1, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played two years of Division 1 college basketball for Long Beach State, where he became a standout as a senior, earning Big West Player of the Year honors. After being selected by the Atlanta Hawks in the second round of the 2013 NBA draft, <mask> moved to Australia and joined the Perth Wildcats. There he won an NBL championship and became a Perth favorite. He returned to the United States in 2014 in pursuit of an NBA contract, and subsequently joined the Miami Heat. He went on to spend time with the Memphis Grizzlies and the New Orleans Pelicans during the 2015–16 season, as well as in the NBA Development League with the Iowa Energy. He re-joined the Grizzlies in July 2016, and was traded to the Pistons in February 2018.He then split the 2018–19 season with the Houston Rockets and the Philadelphia 76ers. Early life
Born in Ventura, California, <mask> grew up in the Westview Village housing project where he and his five siblings played basketball, soccer, rode bikes and skateboarded. As a youngster, he and his family moved around a lot—<mask> attended three different high schools in his freshman year alone. They later settled back down at Westview Village where he went on to graduate from Ventura High School in 2009. College career
As a freshman at Oxnard College in 2009–10, <mask> was named first-team All-WSC after averaging 19.0 points, the third most in the state by a freshman, and 7.7 rebounds per game. For his sophomore season, he returned home to play for Ventura College, and in 2010–11, he was named first-team All-California Community College Athletic Association and first-team All-Western State Conference after averaging 20.3 points, 7.8 rebounds, 5.0 assists and 1.6 steals per game. He scored 1,053 points in two seasons of junior college basketball, while scoring in double figures in 48 of his 52 games.For his junior season, <mask> joined the Long Beach State 49ers, and immediately garnered the starting small forward role. In 2011–12, <mask> earned honorable mention All-Big West Conference honors after averaging 10.0 points, 4.1 rebounds, 2.6 assists and 1.6 steals per game. With the departure of conference player of the year Casper Ware, <mask> became the go-to player for the 49ers in 2012–13. He responded by averaging 16.5 points and 6.7 rebounds per game while leading the 49ers to another regular-season Big West championship. At the end of the season, <mask> was named Big West Player of the Year and an AP honorable mention All-American. On April 5, 2013, <mask> scored a team-high 13 points in the Reese's College All-Star Game, leading the East team to an 87–81 win over the West. Professional career

NBA draft
On June 27, 2013, <mask> was selected by the Atlanta Hawks with the 50th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft.His rights were subsequently traded to the Miami Heat on draft night, and he later joined the Heat for the 2013 NBA Summer League. The Heat reportedly wanted <mask> to play for their NBA Development League affiliate team, the Sioux Falls Skyforce, in 2013–14 but were unable to sign him to the NBA minimum salary of USD$490,180 due to salary cap restrictions. Consequently, the most <mask> would have earned playing in the D-League was USD$25,000, so <mask> made the decision to play overseas in order to support his father, his disabled mother, and his five siblings. Perth Wildcats (2013–2014)
On August 10, 2013, <mask> signed with the Perth Wildcats in Australia for the 2013–14 NBL season. In his debut, he recorded 25 points, four rebounds and two assists in an 83–80 win over the Adelaide 36ers. His 25 points marked the most points scored by a Wildcat making their NBL debut. He went on to earn Player of the Month honors for October after averaging a league-leading 24.0 points per game to begin his career.On November 30, 2013, he scored a season-high 33 points in an 85–75 win over the Cairns Taipans. The Wildcats started the season with eight straight wins before finishing with a league-best 21–7 record. They faced the Wollongong Hawks in the semi-finals, with <mask> scoring 25 points in Game 1 and 20 points in Game 2 to help the Wildcats advance to the NBL Grand Final with 2–0 sweep. In Game 1 of the grand final series against the Adelaide 36ers, <mask> scored a game-high 30 points in a 92–85 win. In Game 2, <mask> endured a quieter-than-usual night, tallying just 14 points before fouling out with 22 seconds left in an 89–84 loss. In Game 3, <mask>' early foul trouble limited him to a season-low nine points, but thanks to teammate Jermaine Beal picking up the slack, the Wildcats claimed a comfortable 93–59 victory to win the championship. For the season, <mask> finished third in the NBL MVP voting and earned All-NBL First Team honors.He also claimed the Wildcats' Club MVP. He appeared in all 33 games for the Wildcats in 2013–14, averaging 21.2 points, 7.1 rebounds and 2.1 assists per game whilst shooting 46.8% from the field. Piratas de Quebradillas (2014)
Following the conclusion of the 2013–14 NBL season, <mask> moved to Puerto Rico to play for Piratas de Quebradillas of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. In 12 games, he averaged 16.5 points with 8.3 rebounds per game. He returned to the United States in June 2014 to attend various NBA workouts. Miami Heat (2014–2015)
On July 15, 2014, <mask> signed a multi-year deal with the Miami Heat. He impressed during the 2014 NBA Summer League, averaging 15.5 points, 5.7 rebounds, 1.5 assists and 1.3 steals in six games.On October 29, 2014, <mask> made his NBA debut in the Heat's 107–95 season-opening win over the Washington Wizards. With the Heat up by four points with less than nine minutes to go in the fourth quarter, <mask> brought the American Airlines Arena crowd to their feet with a spectacular three-point play, taking off from midway down the paint, elevating over Rasual Butler and throwing down a dunk while getting fouled. He finished the game with five points and two rebounds in 14½ minutes of action off the bench. He went on to record a then season-best game on December 21 with 16 points and 8 rebounds in a 100–84 win over the Boston Celtics. On March 29, 2015, <mask> tied his season high of 16 points in a 109–102 win over the Detroit Pistons. On April 5, he topped his season high, recording 17 points and 5 rebounds in a loss to the Indiana Pacers. In the Heat's season finale on April 15, <mask> received just his third start of the season with the majority of his teammates sitting out.He played the entire game and finished with 17 points, 12 rebounds and 6 assists in a 105–101 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. The Heat missed the playoffs in 2014–15 with a 37–45 record, good for 10th in the Eastern Conference. <mask> appeared in 62 of the Heat's 82 games during his rookie season, averaging 5.0 points and 2.8 rebounds in 17.0 minutes per game. With $845,059 guaranteed salary on the line for <mask> coming into the 2015–16 season, he struggled during the 2015 NBA Summer League, calling his play "terrible" after shooting 29.7 percent from the field (19-of-64) in seven games, including 2-of-23 on three-pointers, and recorded more than twice as many turnovers (23) as assists (11). Tendinitis in his knees contributed to his struggles, but with three months between summer league and training camp, <mask> was able to rejuvenate himself while receiving treatment that subsided the tendinitis. He also worked on his jump shot with Heat assistant coach Keith Smart, and focused on improving his ball-handling. Despite sustaining a dislocated finger on his left hand in Miami's exhibition finale against the New Orleans Pelicans, the Heat retained <mask> for the 2015–16 season after earning a spot on the team's opening night roster.Memphis Grizzlies (2015–2016)
<mask> managed game time in three of the Heat's first seven games to begin the 2015–16 season, when on November 10, 2015, he and Mario Chalmers were traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Jarnell Stokes and Beno Udrih, a deal undertaken in order for the Heat to cut $6 million in luxury tax. Upon joining the Grizzlies, <mask> was unable to make an impact or string together consecutive games due to the team's strong contingent of wing players in Jeff Green, Matt Barnes, Tony Allen, JaMychal Green and Vince Carter. He subsequently spent the majority of the 2015–16 season in the NBA Development League playing for the Iowa Energy, the Grizzlies' affiliate team. In his debut for the Energy on December 5, he scored a season-high 32 points in a 116–93 win over the Canton Charge. On March 2, 2016, after appearing in just 10 games for Memphis, he was waived by the organization. Iowa Energy (2016)
On March 6, 2016, <mask> was acquired by the Iowa Energy. He played for the Energy that afternoon, recording 30 points and 7 rebounds in a 109–104 loss to the Delaware 87ers.On March 16, he recorded his first double-double of the season with 24 points and 10 rebounds in a 106–102 win over the Erie BayHawks. Two days later, he had a season-best game with 30 points, 13 rebounds, 3 assists and 3 steals in a 123–106 win over the Maine Red Claws. Between March 12 and 26, <mask> helped Iowa win six straight games to bring them back into playoff contention. However, a loss to the Sioux Falls Skyforce on March 29 ended their streak, as they were eliminated from the playoff race with two games remaining in the season. In 24 games for Iowa during the 2015–16 season, he averaged 18.8 points, 6.0 rebounds, 2.6 assists and 1.0 steals in 33.4 minutes per game. New Orleans Pelicans (2016)
On March 30, 2016, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the New Orleans Pelicans to help the team deal with numerous injuries. New Orleans had to use an NBA hardship exemption in order to sign him as he made their roster stand at 18, three over the allowed limited of 15.He made his debut for the Pelicans later that night, recording 13 points, 5 rebounds and 4 assists in 24 minutes off the bench in a 100–92 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. On April 6, he made his first start for the Pelicans, scoring 13 points in 29 minutes in a 104–97 loss to the Boston Celtics. On April 9, he signed with the Pelicans for the rest of the season. Later that day, in his seventh game and third start for the Pelicans, <mask> recorded 18 points, 6 rebounds and 3 steals in a 121–100 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On April 11, he scored a career-high 29 points on 9-of-14 shooting in a 121–116 loss to the Chicago Bulls. In the Pelicans' season finale on April 13, <mask> scored 28 points in a 144–109 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. Return to Memphis (2016–2018)

On July 13, 2016, <mask> signed a two-year, $6 million contract with the Memphis Grizzlies, returning to the franchise for a second stint.In the Grizzlies' season opener on October 26, 2016, <mask> recorded 15 points and six rebounds in 28 minutes as a starter in a 102–98 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. Four days later, he scored eight points and tied a career high with 12 rebounds in a 112–103 overtime win over the Washington Wizards. On November 2, 2016, he had a season-best game with 16 points and 10 rebounds in an 89–83 win over his former team, the New Orleans Pelicans. <mask> started in 13 of the Grizzlies' first 14 games before missing his first game of the season on November 23 against the Philadelphia 76ers due to a calf injury. He missed 14 games in total with a right calf injury, returning to action on December 18 against the Utah Jazz. For the season, he appeared in 64 games and averaged 6.7 points on 37.2 percent shooting from three-point range, four rebounds, 0.7 steals and 23.5 minutes per game. In the 64 games he appeared in, he scored double-digit points in 16 games, never reaching the 20-point mark.On November 29, 2017, <mask> scored a season-high 15 points in a 104–95 loss to the San Antonio Spurs. Detroit Pistons (2018)
On February 8, 2018, the Grizzlies traded <mask> to the Detroit Pistons in exchange for Brice Johnson and a 2022 second-round draft pick. In his debut for the Pistons three days later, <mask> scored 14 points in a 118–115 loss to the Atlanta Hawks. On March 2, 2018, he scored a season-high 21 points in a 115–106 overtime loss to the Orlando Magic. Houston Rockets (2018–2019)
On July 13, 2018, <mask> signed a two-year, $3.4 million contract with the Houston Rockets, with a player option for the second season, worth $1.8 million. <mask> missed three games to finish October with a right hamstring strain. On November 15, he scored a season-high 19 points against the Golden State Warriors.After starting in 22 games to start the season, <mask> came off the bench for the first time on December 11 against the Portland Trail Blazers, but left the game with a strained right hamstring. He subsequently missed the next 10 games. Philadelphia 76ers (2019–2020)
On February 7, 2019, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia 76ers, with Houston receiving the right to swap 2021 second-round picks with the 76ers. He became a key part of Philadelphia's rotation to finish the regular season and during the playoffs. In Game 2 of the 76ers' second-round playoff series against the Toronto Raptors, <mask> scored 13 points in a 94–89 win. At the season's end, he declined his player option for the 2019–20 season. On July 12, 2019, <mask> re-signed with the 76ers, agreeing to a two-year, $4.1 million deal with a player option for the second year.On November 29, 2019, he scored 18 of his 20 points in the second half of the 76ers' 101–95 win over the New York Knicks. He went 3 for 4 from the 3-point line and was perfect on his nine free throws over 22 minutes after totaling just 24 minutes in his previous two games. Orlando Magic (2020–2021)
On February 6, 2020, <mask> was traded to the Orlando Magic in exchange for a 2020 second-round pick. His addition and insertion into the starting lineup coincided with the Magic's offensive outburst and 8–4 stretch before the league paused on March 11 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> retained his starting spot upon the NBA's restart in July, which included the playoffs. On November 25, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Magic. He missed the first seven games of the 2020–21 season with a right hamstring strain.On February 11, 2021, he recorded 17 points and 10 rebounds in a 111–105 loss to the Golden State Warriors. He entered the All-Star break having missed three straight games due to soreness in his left calf. On March 21, he scored a season-high 18 points in 21 minutes off the bench in a 112–96 loss to the Boston Celtics. It was his first game in almost a month due to a strained left calf. On April 14, he set a new season high with 22 points in a 115–106 win over the Chicago Bulls. He played in just two of the final 16 games due to the calf injury. Brooklyn Nets (2021)
On December 18, 2021, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the Brooklyn Nets.He played two games for the Nets. Los Angeles Clippers (2021–2022)
On December 29, 2021, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the Los Angeles Clippers. He played two games for the Clippers. Denver Nuggets (2022)
On January 10, 2022, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the Denver Nuggets.

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James Alfred Ennis III
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title: Claudia Koonz

texts:
<mask> is an American historian of Nazi Germany. Koonz's critique of the role of women during the Nazi era, from a feminist perspective, has become a subject of much debate and research in itself. She is a recipient of the PEN New England Award, and a National Book Award finalist. Koonz has appeared on the podcasts Holocaust, hosted by University of California Television, and Real Dictators, hosted by Paul McGann. In the months before the 2020 United States presidential election, Koonz wrote about the risks of autocracy in the United States for History News Network and the New School's Public Seminar. Education
<mask> received a BA in 1962 from the University of Wisconsin, Madison that included two semesters studying at the University of Munich. After a year of traveling overland through Asia, she studied at Columbia University, from which she earned an MA in 1964, before earning a PhD from Rutgers University in 1969.Scholarship
<mask> is Peabody Family Professor emerita in the History Department at Duke University. Before coming to Duke in 1988, she taught at College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, and at Long Island University, Southampton from 1969 to 1971. Together with Renate Bridenthal, she edited the first anthology of European women’s history, Becoming Visible. She subsequently published two books, Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family and Nazi Politics and The Nazi Conscience, which analyze the sources of ordinary Germans' support for the Nazi Party during Weimar and Nazi Germany. The Nazi Conscience has been translated into Spanish, Japanese, and Russian. Her current book on stereotypes in French media (forthcoming with Duke University Press) is Between Foreign and French: Prominent French Women from Muslim Backgrounds in the Media Spotlight, 1989-2020. Mothers in the Fatherland
Koonz is best known for documenting the appeal of Nazism to German women and understanding their enthusiasm for the Nazis.Koonz has established that the leaders of German feminist, civic, and religious groups acquiesced to Nazification () that coerced Germans into following Nazi policy. Women in Marxist movements joined with men in operating underground opposition networks. Koonz has noted that female supporters of the Nazis accepted the Nazi division of the sexes into a public sphere for men and a private sphere for women. A reviewer in the New York Times wrote that Mothers in the Fatherland explored the “paradox that the very women who were so protective of their children, so warm, nurturing and giving to their families, could at the same time display extraordinary cruelty.” Koonz has claimed that women involved in resistance activities were more likely to escape notice owing to the "masculine" values of the Third Reich. A mother, for example, could smuggle illegal leaflets through a checkpoint in a pram without arousing suspicion. Koonz is also known for her claim that two kinds of women asserted themselves in the Third Reich: those, like Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, who gained power over women under their supervision in exchange for subservience to the men who wielded power over them (the authoritarian trade off) and the women who violated the norms of civilized society, such as camp guards like Ilse Koch. Koonz includes women who were opposed to Nazism 100% as well as "single issue" critics (of, for example, sterilization and euthanasia) but did not protect or protest the deportation of Jews to death camps.Koonz's views have often been pitted against those of Gisela Bock in a battle some have referred to as the  (quarrel among historians of women). Mothers in the Fatherland integrates archival research into an exploration of “the nature of feminist commitment, complicity in the Holocaust, and the meaning of Germany’s past.” The Nazis promised “emancipation from emancipation,” an appeal that resonated with Germans who feared that male-female equality meant “social and family disintegration.” But Koonz highlights the paradoxes produced by the Third Reich’s dependence on women’s participation (as subordinates, to be sure) in child-bearing, social work, education, surveillance, health care, and compliance with race policy. A reviewer in the New York Times wrote that Koonz dug “deeply and discerningly into a variety of documents,... to record the mixed results of Nazi efforts at mobilizing women’s groups, secular, Protestant and Catholic” and Jewish women’s efforts to fight against confiscation, ostracism, deportation and murder. Catherine Stimpson called the contradictory message of Mothers of the Fatherland “painful” because: “If many societies deprive women of power over themselves, women still have power to exercise. Women, though Other to men, have their Others too. In the United States white women did own black slaves of both sexes, and in Nazi Germany, as <mask> showed us in her heartbreaking book, Mothers in the Fatherland, Nazi women did brutalize and kill Jews of both sexes. And colonizers both lorded and ladied it over the colonized of both sexes.”

The Nazi Conscience
Conventional scholarship defines Nazism by its anti-Semitism, anti-modernism, and anti-liberalism, as expressed in publications like , but The Nazi Conscience examines the “positive” values of community and ethnic purity that attracted ordinary Germans, including millions who had never voted Nazi before Adolf Hitler's takeover.A reviewer wrote that <mask>’s book challenges us to “suspend temporarily our understanding of Nazism and to try to understand the movement as the Nazis themselves understood it. In doing so, we can better understand how murderous racist doctrines infiltrated the moral and psychological fabric of the German people so easily.”

A reviewer for The Review of Politics called The Nazi Conscience a “meticulously researched and engrossingly written book”. Another reviewer called it a "tour de force" that documents the formation of a consensus that evolved during the “normal” years of the Third Reich, 1933-1941. This was a time when National Socialist racial policy congealed, or according to Koonz, “metastasized” in three contexts: Hitler’s public persona, academic think tanks, and bureaucratic networks. During these years, the rabidly anti-Semitic Nazi base was held in check by Hitler himself and the proponents of a “rational” assault against Jews. Although ordinary Germans deplored violence, anti-Semitic measures that appeared “legal” were scarcely noticed. After all, fewer than one percent of all Germans were Jewish, and by 1939 half of them had emigrated.Besides, Hitler’s government ended unemployment, scored diplomatic victories, and revived national pride. Most citizens “accepted a new Nazi-specific morality that was steeped in the language of ethnic superiority, love of fatherland, and community values," according to another review of The Nazi Conscience. Koonz cautioned that nostalgia for imagined glory is a potent force that could rally aggrieved citizens to ethnic nationalism elsewhere. “In examining how National Socialism mobilized diverse but quotidian institutional contexts to create a ‘community of moral obligation,’ she invites us to reflect on . . . the ways contemporary society demonizes, ostracizes, and excludes certain classes of people." Corey Robin noted Koonz “might have cited Thomas Jefferson who, anticipating the Nazis by more than a century, saw no future for freed blacks other than deportation or extermination.”

Recent work
Prior to the 2020 United States presidential election, Koonz published articles in History News Network and the New School's Public Seminar warning about the risks of autocracy in the United States. Following the election of Joe Biden in 2020, Koonz's work analyzed the presidency of Donald Trump through the lens of World War II history, and analyzed the withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan in 2021 through a historical lens.Awards and honors
 1987 National Book Award non-fiction finalist
 1987 New York Times Notable Book of 1987
 1987 Outstanding Book in Women's History at the Berkshire Conference of Women Historians
 1987 PEN-Boston Globe Winship Book of the Year Award
 1990 Libération (Paris) best 100 books of 1990
 1990-1991 Raoul Wallenberg Visiting Professorship, Rutgers University, Rutgers Institute for History
 1993-1994 National Humanities Center Fellowship
 1993-1994 American Council of Learned Societies Fellowship
 2005-2006 John Simon Guggenheim Foundation
 2006 American Academy in Berlin Haniel Fellow
 2007 Duke University Distinguished Teaching Award

Work
 co-edited with Renate Bridenthal Becoming Visible: Women in European History, 1977, revised edition 1987. Mothers in the Fatherland: Women, the Family, and Nazi Politics, 1986
 The Nazi Conscience Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003, . References

Historians of Nazism
21st-century American historians
Feminist historians
Duke University faculty
Living people
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
American women historians
21st-century American women writers
Columbia University alumni
Rutgers University alumni
American expatriates in Germany
Year of birth missing (living people)

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title: Dwight Powell

texts:
<mask> (born July 20, 1991) is a Canadian professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Stanford Cardinal and is a member of the Canadian national team. High school career
<mask> attended Earl Haig Secondary School in Toronto, Ontario for his freshman year. He then moved to the U.S and attended IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida. As a senior, he averaged 23.2 points, 11.6 rebounds, 4.4 assists and 2.3 blocks per game. Considered a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the No. 8 power forward and the No.25 player in the nation in 2010. College career
As a freshman at Stanford University in 2010–11, <mask> earned Pac-10 All-Freshman Team honors. He started in 26 of 31 games, averaging 8.1 points and 5.2 rebounds per game. As a sophomore in 2011–12, the Cardinal won the NIT championship, and <mask> earned Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention selection. He started in 11 of 35 games, logging an average of 5.8 points and 4.6 rebounds per game. As a junior in 2012–13, <mask> earned second-team NABC All-District, first-team All-Pac-12, and Pac-12 All-Academic second-team honors. He was also named the Pac-12 Most Improved Player of the Year.<mask> started in all 34 games, averaging 14.9 points to go with 8.4 rebounds per game. As a senior in 2013–14, <mask> earned first-team All-Pac-12 honors for the second straight year and was named to the NCAA All-South Regional Team. He was also named the Pac-12 Scholar-Athlete of the Year and a Pac-12 All-Academic Honorable Mention selection. <mask> started in all 36 games, putting up an average of 14.0 points and 6.9 rebounds per game. Professional career

Boston Celtics (2014)
On June 26, 2014, <mask> was selected with the 45th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets. On July 12, <mask>'s rights were traded, along with Brendan Haywood, to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Scotty Hopson and cash considerations. He then joined the Cavaliers for the NBA Summer League and signed with them on August 23.On September 25, he was traded, along with John Lucas III, Erik Murphy, Malcolm Thomas and the Cavaliers' 2016 and 2017 second-round picks, to the Boston Celtics in exchange for Keith Bogans and two future second-round picks. During his time with the Celtics, he was assigned multiple times to the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League. Dallas Mavericks (2014–present)
On December 18, 2014, <mask> was traded, along with Rajon Rondo, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for Jae Crowder, Jameer Nelson, Brandan Wright, a 2015 first-round pick and a 2016 second-round pick. On January 14, 2015, he scored a season-high 11 points on 5-for-7 shooting in a loss to the Denver Nuggets. He was assigned multiple times to the Texas Legends during his rookie season. In July 2015, <mask> joined the Mavericks for the 2015 NBA Summer League. On November 3, 2015, he recorded his first career double-double with 10 points and 10 rebounds in a loss to the Toronto Raptors.Four days later, he recorded a then career-high 15 points and 7 rebounds in a 107–98 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. He tied his career high of 15 points on January 17, 2016 in a loss to the San Antonio Spurs. On March 28, 2016, <mask> made his first NBA start and scored a career-high 16 points in a 97–88 win over the Denver Nuggets. On July 8, 2016, <mask> re-signed with the Mavericks. On December 3, 2016, he set a new career high with 17 points in a 107–82 win over the Chicago Bulls. On April 9, 2017, he scored 21 points against the Phoenix Suns. On January 3, 2018, <mask> tied his career high with 21 points in a 125–122 loss to the Golden State Warriors.On February 28, 2018, he again tied his career high with 21 points in a 111–110 overtime loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder. On March 6, 2019, <mask> set a career high with 26 points in a 132–123 loss to the Washington Wizards. On April 3, 2019, he scored 25 points in a 110–108 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. After exercising his option for the 2019–20 season, he signed a contract extension with the Mavericks on July 6, 2019. On December 4, 2019, <mask> set a season-high 24 points while recording five rebounds, four assists, one steal and two blocks in a 121–114 win against the Minnesota Timberwolves. He had a perfect shooting night, going 9 of 9 from the field and 2 of 2 from the three-point line. Once the fourth quarter started, <mask> experienced a left arm injury and got ruled out of the game.On January 21, 2020, in a game against the Los Angeles Clippers, <mask> suffered a season-ending Achilles tendon injury while attempting to drive to the basket.

masks:
Dwight Harlan Powell
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