title: Ernst Toch

texts:
<mask> (; 7 December 1887 – 1 October 1964) was an Austrian composer of classical music and film scores. He sought throughout his life to introduce new approaches to music. Biography
<mask> was born in Leopoldstadt, Vienna, into the family of a humble Jewish leather dealer when the city was at its 19th-century cultural zenith. He studied philosophy at the University of Vienna, medicine at Heidelberg and music at the Hoch Conservatory (1909–1913) in Frankfurt. His main instrument was the piano, and he was a pianist of considerable stature, performing to acclaim throughout much of western Europe. Much of his writing was intended for the piano. <mask> continued to grow as an artist and composer throughout his adult life, and in America came to influence whole new generations of composers.His first compositions date from c. 1900 and were pastiches in the style of Mozart (quartets, 1905 album verses for piano). His first quartet was performed in Leipzig in 1908, and his sixth (Opus 12, 1905) in the year 1909. In 1909, his Chamber Symphony in F major (written 1906) won the Frankfurt/Main Mozart prize. From this time onwards, <mask> dedicated himself to being a full-time composer. He won the Mendelssohn prize for composition in 1910. In 1913, he was appointed lecturer of both piano and composition at the College of Music in Mannheim. After winning a further five major prizes for his works, he served four years in the army on the Italian Front during World War I.In 1916, he married Lilly Zwack, the daughter of a banker. After World War I, he returned to Mannheim to compose, developing a new style of polyphony. He received his Ph.D. degree from Heidelberg University in 1921. He then taught on the faculty of the Mannheim Conservatory where one of his pupils was Hugo Chaim Adler. Following Hitler's seizure of power in 1933, <mask> went into exile, first to Paris and then London, where he wrote film scores. In 1935, he accepted an invitation from the New School for Social Research to go to New York City. He could, however, only secure his living in California by composing film music for Hollywood.Unlike his colleague Erich Wolfgang Korngold, however, <mask> never got much attention in the industry and was rarely top-billed. His score for the chase scene in Shirley Temple's 1937 Heidi perhaps remains his best-known piece of film music. During his residence in California, he was a professor at the University of Southern California, where he taught both music and philosophy. He was also a guest lecturer at Harvard University. He wrote a book on music theory, The Shaping Forces in Music (1948). From 1950 on, he composed seven symphonies, the third of which (Opus 75, 1954) received the Pulitzer Prize three years later. In these later works, he returned to the late Romantic style of his early years.In 1958, he received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Grand Merit Cross). He died in Santa Monica, California, and was interred in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles. He is the grandfather of authors Lawrence Weschler and Toni Weschler. Work

His works often exhibit a humorous aspect (Bunte Suite (1929)). In 1930 he invented "Gesprochene Musik," the idiom of the "spoken chorus". His most performed work is the Geographical Fugue or Fuge aus der Geographie, which he himself regarded as an unimportant diversion. He wrote music for films, symphonies, chamber music, chamber operas.He also wrote books dealing with musical theory: Melodielehre (1923) and The Shaping Forces in Music (1948). <mask> was considered one of the great avant-garde composers in the pre-Nazi era. He won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1956 for his Third Symphony (premiered by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra on December 2, 1955). For his notable students,

Works

Symphonies
 Symphony No. 1, Op. 72 (1950) (pub. 1951)
 Symphony No.2, Op. 73 (1951) (pub. 1953)
 Symphony No. 3, Op. 75 (1955) (pub. 1957)
 Symphony No. 4, for orchestra and speaker, Op.80 (1957) (pub. 1960)
 Symphony No. 5 ‘Jephtha, Rhapsodic Poem’, Op. 89 (1963) (pub. 1965)
 Symphony No. 6, Op. 93 (1963) (pub.1966)
 Symphony No. 7, Op. 95 (1964) (pub. 1968)

Concertos
 Concerto for Cello and Chamber Orchestra, Op. 35 (1924) (pub. 1925)
 Concerto for Piano and Orchestra, (Piano Concerto No. 1), Op.38 (1926) (pub. 1926)
 Symphony for Piano and Orchestra, (Piano Concerto No. 2), Op. 61 (1933) (pub. 1933)

Other orchestral works
 Scherzo in B minor, orchestral version, Op. 11 (1904) (pub. c. 1905)
 Phantastishche Nachtmusik (Fantastic Serenade), for orchestra, Op.27 (1920) (pub. c. 1921)
 Five Pieces for Chamber Orchestra, Op. 33 (1924) (pub. 1924)
 Komödie für Orchester in Einem Satz (Comedy for Orchestra in One Movement), Op. 42 (1927) (pub. 1927)
 Vorspiel zu einem Märchen (Prelude to a Fairy Tale), for orchestra, Op. 43a (1927) (pub.1927) (Adapted from the overture of Princess & the Pea)
 Fanal (Beacon) for Organ and Orchestra, Op. 45 (1928) (pub. 1928)
 Bunte Suite (Motley Suite), for orchestra, Op. 48 (1928) (pub. 1929)
 Kleine Ouvertüre zu der Fächer (Little Overture to the Fan), for orchestra, Op. 51 (1929) (pub. 1929)
 Kleine Theater-Suite (Little Theater Suite), for orchestra, Op.54 (1930) (pub. 1931)
 Big Ben: Variation-Fantasy on the Westminster Chimes, for orchestra, Op. 62 (1934) (pub. 1935)
 Pinocchio: A Merry Overture for Orchestra (1935) (pub. 1937)
 The Idle Stroller Suite, for orchestra (1938) (Unpublished)
 The Covenant (Sixth movement from The Genesis Suite), for orchestra and narrator (c. 1945) (Score lost; recording exists)
 Hyperion: A Dramatic Prelude for Orchestra, Op. 71 (1947) (pub. 1950)
 Circus: An Overture, for orchestra (1953) (pub.1954)
 Notturno, for orchestra, Op. 77 (1953) (pub. 1957)
 Peter Pan, for orchestra, Op. 76 (1956) (pub. 1956)
 Intermezzo for orchestra (1959) (pub. 1962)
 Epilogue for orchestra (reorchestration of first movement of Idle Stroller) (1959) (pub. 1964)
 Short Story for orchestra (1961) (Unpublished)
 The Enamoured Harlequin, for orchestra, Op.94 (1963) (Unpublished)
 Sinfonietta for String Orchestra, Op. 96 (1964) (pub. 1965)
 Variations on the Swabian Folk Song "Muss i denn zum Städtele hinaus", for orchestra (1964) (Unpublished)

Chamber
 String Quartet no. 6 in A minor, Op. 12 (1904–1905) (Unpublished)
 Chamber Symphony in F major, for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, 2 violins, cello and bass (1906) (Unpublished)
 String Quartet no. 7 in G major, Op. 15 (1908) (Unpublished)
 Vom sterbenden Rokoko (From the Dying Rococo), for violin and piano, Op.16 (1909) (pub. 1910)
 Duos for Two Violins, Op. 17 (1909) (pub. c. 1910)
 Romanze, for violin and piano (c. 1910) (pub. 1911)
 Serenade for Three Violins, Op. 20 (1911) (pub. 1912)
 Sonata for Violin and Piano, Op.21 (1912) (Unpublished)
 Serenade (Spitzweg) for Two Violins and Viola, Op. 25 (1916) (pub. 1921)
 String Quartet no. 8 in D-flat major, Op. 18 (1910) (pub. 1911)
 String Quartet no. 9 in C major, Op.26 (1919) (pub. 1920)
 String Quartet no. 10 on the Name ‘Bass’, Op. 28 (1920) (pub. c. 1923)
 Tanz-Suite (Dance Suite), for flute, clarinet, violin, viola, bass and percussion, Op. 30 (1923) (pub. 1924) (optional add.strings)
 String Quartet no. 11, Op. 34 (1924) (pub. 1924)
 Two Divertimentos for String Duet, Op. 37 (No. 1: violin and cello / No. 2: violin and viola) (1925) (pub.1926)
 Sonata for Violin and Piano, Op. 44 (1928) (pub. 1928)
 Sonata for Cello and Piano, Op. 50 (1929) (pub. 1929)
 String Trio, for violin, viola and cello, Op. 63 (1936) (pub. 1955)
 Quintet for Piano, Two Violins, Viola and Cello, Op.64 (1938) (pub. 1947)
 String Quartet no. 12, Op. 70 (1946) (pub. 1949)
 Dedication, for string quartet or string orchestra (1948)

masks:
Ernst Toch
Toch
Toch
Toch
Toch
Toch
Toch


title: Ernst Toch

type: original

texts:
 (pub. 1957)
 Adagio Elegiaco, for clarinet & piano (1950) (pub. 1987)
 String Quartet no.13, Op. 74 (1953–1954) (pub. 1961)
 Sonatinetta, for flute, clarinet and bassoon, Op. 84 (1959) (pub. 1961)
 Three Impromptus for Unaccompanied String Instruments, Op. 90a (violin), 90b (viola), 90c (cello) (1963) (pub. 1965)
 Quartet for Oboe, Clarinet, Bassoon and Viola, Op.98 (1964) (pub. 1967)

Wind ensemble
 Spiel für Blasorchester (Divertimento for Wind Orchestra), Op. 39 (1926) (pub. 1926; Donaueschingen première)
 Miniatur Ouvertüre for 2 flutes, oboe, clarinet, bass clarinet, 2 trumpets, trombone and percussion (1932) (pub. 1932)
 Five Pieces for Wind Instruments and Percussion, Op. 83 (1959) (pub. 1961)for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, 2 horns and percussion
 Sinfonietta for Wind Instruments and Percussion, Op.97 (1964) (pub. 1967)for 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets and percussion

Piano

 Melodische Skizzen (Melodic Sketches), Op. 9 (1903) (pub. c. 1903–1905)
 Three Preludes, Op. 10 (c. 1903) (pub. unknown)
 Scherzo in B minor, original piano version, Op. 11 (1904) (pub.c. 1905)
 Stammbuchverse (Album Verses), Op. 13 (1905) (pub. 1905)
 Begegnung (Meeting) (1908) (Unpublished)
 Reminiszenzen (Reminiscences), Op. 14 (1909) (pub. 1909)
 Canon (Aus Dem ‘Tagebuch) (1914) (pub. 1915)
 Burlesken (Burlesques), Op. 31 (1923) (pub.1924)
Gemächlich
Lebhaft
"Der Jongleur"
 Three Piano Pieces, Op. 32 (1924) (pub. 1925)
 Capriccetti, Op. 36 (1925) (pub. 1925)
 Tanz-und-Spielstücke (Pieces for Dancing and Playing), Op. 40 (c. 1926) (pub. 1927)
 Sonata for Piano, Op.47 (1928) (pub. 1928)
 Kleinstadtbilder (Echoes From a Small Town), 14 Moderately Easy Piano Pieces, Op. 49 (1929) (pub. 1929)
 5 × 10 Etudes, Op. 55–59 (1931) (pub. 1931)
 Profiles, Op. 68 (1946) (pub.1948)
 Ideas, Op. 69 (1946) (pub. 1947)
 Diversions, Op. 78a (1956) (pub. 1958)
 Sonatinetta, Op. 78b (1956) (pub. 1958)
 (Untitled canon) (1959) (Unpublished)
 Three Little Dances, Op.85 (1961) (pub. 1962)
 Reflections, Op. 86 (1962) (pub. 1962)
 Sonata for Piano Four-Hands, Op. 87 (1962) (pub. 1963)

Toch's piano music has been recorded by Austrian pianist Anna Magdalena Kokits. Other solo instrumental works
 Three Original Pieces for the Electric Welte-Mignon Piano (1926) (Unpublished)
 Studie, for mechanical organ (1927) (Unpublished)
 Two Études for Violoncello Solo (1930) (pub.1931)

Operas
 Die Prinzessin auf der Erbse [The Princess and the Pea], Op. 43 (1927) (pub. 1927)Musical fairy tale in one act; text after H. C. Andersen by Benno Elkan; English and German versions exist
 Egon und Emilie [Edgar and Emily], Op. 46 (c. 1928) (pub. 1938)Chamber opera in one act; "Not a family drama" (Kein Familiendrama); text by Christian Morgenstern; English and German versions exist
 Der Fächer [The Fan], Op. 51 (1929 or 1930) (pub. 1930)Opera-capriccio in three acts; text by Ferdinand Lion.Der Fächer was rediscovered and produced for the first time since the 1930s by the Bielefeld Opera conducted by Geoffrey Moull in 1995. Scheherazade: The Last Tale [Das letzte Märchen], Op. 88 (1962) (pub. 1965)Opera in one act; text by Melchior Lengyel, English translation by Cornel Lengyel

Choral
 An mein Vaterland (To My Fatherland), Op. 23 (1913) (Unpublished)for large orchestra, organ, solo soprano, mixed chorus & boys’ chorus
 Gesprochene Musik (Speaking Music), (1930). Only No. 1 of 3 published:
 Geographical Fugue, for speaking chorus (1930) (pub.1950) No. 1 of 3 from Gesprochene Musik Der Tierkreis (The Zodiac), for women's chorus (1930) (Nos. 1 and 2 pub. 1930; No. 3 unpublished)
 Das Wasser (The Water), Cantata after a text by A. Döblin, Op. 53 (1930) (pub. 1930)for tenor, baritone, narrator, chorus, flute, trumpet, percussion & strings
 Cantata of the Bitter Herbs, Op.65 (1938) (pub.? )for solo soprano, alto, tenor & baritone, narrator, chorus & orchestra
 The Inner Circle, six a cappella choruses for mixed chorus, Op.67 (1945, revised 1953) (pub. 1953)Cui bono (Thomas Carlyle) / The Lamb (William Blake) / Extinguish my eyes (Rainer Maria Rilke) / O World, thou chosest not (George Santayana) / Have you not heard his silent step (Rabindranath Tagore) / 6. Goodbye, proud world (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
 Phantoms, Op.81 (1957) (pub.? )for male and female speakers, women's speaking chorus, flute, clarinet, vibraphone, xylophone, timpani & percussion
 Song of Myself, for mixed chorus (1961) (pub. 1961)
 Valse (Waltz), for speaking chorus & optional percussion (1961) (pub. 1962)

Other vocal works
 Ich wollt, ich wär ein fisch (I wish I were a fish), for high voice & piano (1920) (Unpublished)
 Die Chinesische Flöte (The Chinese Flute), Op.29 (1922) (pub. 1923)for soprano, 2 flutes, clarinet, bass clarinet, percussion, celesta & strings. Exists in German and English versions
 Nine Songs for Soprano and Piano, Op. 41 (1926) (pub. 1928). Exists in German and English versions
 Music for Orchestra and Baritone, Op. 60 (1931) (pub.1932)
 Chansons sans paroles, for voice and piano (1940) (Unpublished)
 Poems to Martha, for medium voice & string quartet (1942) (pub. 1943)
 There Is a Season for Everything, for mezzo-soprano, flute, clarinet, violin & cello (c. 1953) (pub. 1953)
 Vanity of Vanities, for soprano, tenor, flute, clarinet, violin, viola & cello (1954) (pub.?) Lange schon haben meine Freunde versucht (My friends have long tried), for soprano & baritone (1958) (Unpublished)

Incidental music
 Der Kinder Neujahrstraum (The Children’s New Year’s Dream) (stage play), Op. 1927). Film music
 Catherine the Great (composed 1933)
 The Private Life of Don Juan (composed 1934)
 Little Friend (composed 1934)
 Peter Ibbetson (composed 1935)
 Outcast (composed 1936)
 On Such a Night (composed 1937)
 The Rebel Son (1938)
 The Story of Alexander Graham Bell (composed 1939)
 The Cat and the Canary (composed 1939)
 The Ghost Breakers (composed 1940)
 Dr. Cyclops (composed 1940)
 Ladies in Retirement (composed 1941)
 First Comes Courage (composed 1943)
 None Shall Escape (composed 1943)
 Address Unknown (composed 1944)
 The Unseen (composed 1945)

Books
 Beiträge zur Stilkunde der Melodie (1921) – dissertation for Heidelberg University
 Melodielehre (1923) – based upon the dissertation
 The Shaping Forces in Music: An Inquiry into the Nature of Harmony, Melody, Counterpoint, Form (1948) – uses material from the dissertation

 Notes

 References
 Front Page of the Toch Archive Contains a Searchable List of Works
 Article on Toch's symphonies

 Weschler, Lawrence (1974). Ernst Toch, 1887–1964: A Biographical Essay Ten Years After His Passing.''UCLA, Los Angeles. (accessed 31 January 2014). Korngold Sr. & Jr. – Cliché, Critic and Composer, Jens F. Laurson, above article, migrated to ionarts.org
 Chasing Heidi: <mask> – The Composer and His Chamber Music, Jens F. Laurson, Classical WETA

External links
 Ernst Toch Archive. UCLA. Performing Arts Special Collections

 Spectrum Concerts Berlin
 Ernst Toch (in German) from the archive of the Österreichische Mediathek

1887 births
1964 deaths
Jewish classical composers
Jewish classical musicians
Composers from Vienna
Austrian classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
American opera composers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Austrian refugees
Mendelssohn Prize winners
Pulitzer Prize for Music winners
Hoch Conservatory alumni
Austrian Jews
People from Leopoldstadt
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Austrian emigrants to Germany
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Burials at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
Articles containing video clips
Pupils of Iwan Knorr
20th-century American male


title: Hannah Gadsby

texts:
<mask> (born 12 January 1978) is an Australian comedian, writer, and actress. She rose to prominence in her native Australia after winning the national final of the Raw Comedy competition for new comedians in 2006. In 2018, the release of Nanette on Netflix exposed her to an international audience. The special received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Special and a Peabody Award. Starting in 2019, she toured internationally with her show Douglas and the recorded special was released on Netflix in 2020. Early life
<mask> was born in Smithton, a small town on the remote north-west coast of Tasmania. She was the youngest of five children.She attended Smithton High School from 1990 to 1995. In year 12, she attended Launceston College, where she suffered a nervous breakdown. She began third level studies at the University of Tasmania in Hobart but later transferred to the Australian National University, where she earned a bachelor's degree in art history and curatorship in 2003. After her education, Gadsby worked in bookshops in Canberra and became a projectionist at an outdoor cinema in Darwin. She then spent two years picking vegetables and planting trees along the east coast of Australia. She became homeless, which she later attributed in part to her ADHD, and ill enough to require hospitalisation. Career

Stand-up comedy
On a visit to her sister in Adelaide in 2006, Gadsby entered Raw Comedy in 2006, progressing through the heats to win the national prize.As the winner, she was sent to the So You Think You're Funny? competition at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, where she won second prize. <mask> created the stand-up show she named Nanette partly as a response to the public debate which took place in Australia before the law was changed to allow same-sex marriage, and also after her diagnosis of ADHD and autism. In 2018, Netflix released the film version of Nanette, which exposed her to international audiences. On Rotten Tomatoes, Nanette received an approval rating of 100% based on reviews from 49 critics. Nanette explores topics such as homophobia, xenophobia, sexism, and gendered violence. Elahe Izadi of The Washington Post states although Nanette is a comedy, Gadsby insists the audience recognize the dark truth of trauma and assault.During the show, Gadsby publicized that she was quitting comedy because of how exhausting it was to perform. In March 2019, Gadsby previewed her new show, Douglas, in Adelaide, before touring the U.S. and Australia, where many shows were sold out in advance. In the show, she explores new personal revelations "with empathy, wit and some extremely relatable metaphor", and creates something "bigger than comedy" according to one reviewer of the preview show. Gadsby says that she doesn't care what people call the show, noting some critics said Nanette was "not comedy but a lecture". In 2020 <mask>'s announced live show Douglas was released on Netflix. In July 2021, <mask> started with her solo show Body of Work in several venues in Australia, New Zealand, Europe and the UK. Dates were also announced in the United States.TV roles
Gadsby co-wrote and co-starred in the Australian ABC TV show Adam Hills Tonight through three seasons from February 2011 to July 2013. She had regular segments called "On This Day" and "Hannah Has A Go" and also featured on the couch, contributing as host Adam Hills interviewed his guests. She co-wrote (with Matthew Bate) and presented a three-part series on ABC, <mask>'s Oz, which aired in March 2014. Produced by Closer Productions, this series set out to "debunk the myths of the Australian identity perpetuated by [its] national art". From 2013 to 2016, she co-wrote 20 episodes of the television series Please Like Me with fellow comedian Josh Thomas. In it, she played <mask>, a fictional version of herself. Guest appearances
Gadsby's Australian and international television appearances include Rove Live (2009), Good News Week (2009), Spicks and Specks (2010), Agony Aunts (2012), QI (2018), The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (2018, 2020), and TV3's game show, 7 Days.She was a presenter at the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards in 2018, presenting the award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series. <mask> was also a guest on Conan O'Brien's podcast Conan O'Brien Needs a Friend in 2019. Art-related tours and shows
Between 2009 and 2013, Gadsby presented comedy art tours in conjunction with the National Gallery of Victoria, with themes such as paintings of the Holy Virgin, Dadaism, Modernism, Impressionism and the nude in art. She has given talks on art and opened exhibitions. Gadsby has written and presented two documentary specials for the Artscape program on ABC TV: <mask> Goes Domestic (2010) and The NGV Story (2011). In 2015, she wrote and performed <mask>: Arts Clown, a series for BBC Radio 4 based on her comedy art shows. Personal life
Gadsby is openly lesbian and often includes LGBTQ-related themes in her stand-up routines.<mask> was diagnosed with ADHD and autism in 2017. She refers to her autism in her 2019 show Douglas, aiming to help people understand neurodiversity as part of a normal variation of the human condition. In January 2021, Gadsby married producer Jenney Shamash. Gadsby is an active supporter of various charities. Organisations she has assisted include Big Brothers Big Sisters of Melbourne, Edmund Rice Camps of Victoria, and the Sacred Heart Mission. Awards
 2017: Melbourne International Comedy Festival, Barry Award winner for Nanette
 2017: Edinburgh Festival Fringe Comedy Award – joint winner for Nanette, tied with John Robins for The Darkness of Robins
 2019: Peabody Award for Nanette

Tours
 Hannah Wants A Wife (2012)
 Happiness is a Bedside Table (2013)
 Nanette (20172018)
 Body of Work (2021present)

Filmography

Television

Film

Bibliography

References

External links

 2019 TED Talk Three ideas. Three contradictions.Or not. <mask>by

Adam Hills Tonight
Australian National University alumni
Australian stand-up comedians
Living people
People from Smithton, Tasmania
Australian women comedians
Lesbian comedians
People on the autism spectrum
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Australian lesbian actresses
Helpmann Award winners
Edinburgh Festival performers
1978 births

masks:
Hannah Gadsby
Hannah Gadsby
Gadsby
Gadsby
Gadsby
Hannah Gadsby
Hannah
Gadsby
Hannah Gadsby
Hannah Gadsby
Gadsby
Hannah Gads


title: Sigmar Gabriel

texts:
<mask> (born 12 September 1959) is a German politician who was the minister for Foreign Affairs from 2017 to 2018 and the vice-chancellor of Germany from 2013 to 2018. He was Leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 2009 to 2017, which made him the party's longest-serving leader since Willy Brandt. He was the Federal Minister of the Environment from 2005 to 2009 and the Federal Minister for Economic Affairs and Energy from 2013 to 2017. From 1999 to 2003 <mask> was Minister-President of Lower Saxony. He represented Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel in the Bundestag. <mask> is a member of the Seeheimer Kreis, an official internal grouping of the party with liberal economic positions. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Goslar, West Germany, son of <mask> (1921–2012), a municipal civil servant, and <mask> (1922–2014), a nurse.<mask>'s parents divorced in 1962, and for the next six years he lived with his father and grandmother Lina <mask>, while his sister lived with their mother. After a lengthy custody battle his mother was awarded custody for both children in 1969. <mask>'s father was a Lutheran originally from Hirschberg im Riesengebirge in Silesia (now Poland), while his mother was a Catholic originally from Heilsberg in the Ermland (Warmia) region of East Prussia who had most recently lived in Königsberg; both parents came as refugees to West Germany during the flight and expulsion of Germans at the end of the Second World War. <mask> <mask> has described his family history as a "wild story of flight and expulsion" and noted that his parents dealt with the trauma of expulsion in different ways. According to <mask>, his father was physically and emotionally abusive to him and was an enthusiastic supporter of the national socialist ideology "until his dying breath;" However, <mask> never saw active service during the war due to suffering from polio. His mother was involved in relief and solidarity work for Poland during the period of martial law in Poland. <mask> <mask> attended school in Goslar, and served as a soldier in the German Air Force from 1979 to 1981.He studied politics, sociology and German at the University of Göttingen from 1982 and passed the first state examination as a grammar school teacher in 1987 and the second state examination in 1989. Political career

<mask> joined the SPD in 1977 and soon held a number of positions in local politics. In 1990, he was first elected to the State Parliament of Lower Saxony, where he led the SPD parliamentary group from 1998 until 1999. Minister-President of Lower Saxony, 1999–2003
On 15 December 1999, after the resignation of Gerhard Glogowski, who had succeeded Gerhard Schröder in office, <mask> became Minister-President of Lower Saxony. He had previously won an internal party vote against Wolfgang Jüttner and Thomas Oppermann. He served until 4 March 2003. During these years, he was widely presented as a protégé of Schröder, and even as a possible successor as chancellor.After being voted out of office in 2003, <mask> became the SPD's "Representative for Pop Culture and Pop Discourse" from 2003 to 2005, for which he was bestowed the nickname Siggi Pop. Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, 2005–2009
He was elected in Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel in the 2005 federal election. From 2005 to 2009 <mask> was the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in the first cabinet of Angela Merkel (CDU). During his time in office, <mask> promoted the International Renewable Energy Agency. He also led the German delegation to the 2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Nairobi. In 2007, when Germany held the presidency of the Council of the European Union, he led the negotiations between European Union environment ministers on an ambitious effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 20 percent below 1990 levels. That same year, he accompanied Merkel on a two-day visit to Greenland to see the Ilulissat Icefjord, a UNESCO world heritage site, and the Sermeq Kujalleq glacier in order to get a firsthand look at the effects of global warming.Opposition leader, 2009–2013
Following the SPD's defeat in the federal election of 2009, Franz Müntefering resigned from the position of party chairman of the Social Democratic Party. <mask> was nominated as his successor and was elected on 13 November 2009. He was re-elected as party chairman for a further two years at the SPD party conference in Berlin on 5 December 2011, receiving 91.6 percent of the vote. During his early years as chairman, <mask> pushed through internal party reforms. He abolished the party steering committee in favor of an expanded executive committee and led the regular party conventions, the most important meetings for the party. He also played a critical role in founding the Progressive Alliance in 2013 by canceling the SPD payment of its £100,000 yearly membership fee to the Socialist International in January 2012. <mask> had been critical of the Socialist International's admittance and continuing inclusion of undemocratic "despotic" political movements into the organization.For the 2013 federal election, <mask> was considered a possible candidate to challenge incumbent Chancellor Angela Merkel but deemed too “unpopular and undisciplined” at the time. As a consequence, he and the other members of the party's leadership agreed to nominate Peer Steinbrück after Frank-Walter Steinmeier, the party's parliamentary leader, withdrew from the contest. During the election campaign, <mask> became the first SPD leader to address a party convention of Alliance '90/The Greens; in his speech, he called for a red–green alliance to defeat Merkel in the elections. Vice-Chancellor and Federal Minister, 2013–2018

In 2013, <mask> turned the Social Democrats’ third successive defeat to Angela Merkel in the federal election into a share of government, after successfully navigating the three-month process of coalition negotiations and a ballot of about 475,000 party members, who endorsed the accord. At the time, he was widely considered to have negotiated skillfully, particularly considering the relative weakness of his party, which had received just over 25 percent of the vote in the elections, against more than 41 percent for Merkel's conservative bloc. At an SPD convention shortly after the elections, however, <mask> and the other members of the party's leadership were punished by delegates who re-elected them to their posts with reduced majorities; he received 83.6 percent of members’ ballots after 91.6 percent at the previous vote in 2011. <mask>, who serves as vice-chancellor in the third Merkel cabinet, took on responsibility for Germany's energy overhaul as part of a newly configured Economy Ministry.Since late 2016, he has been a member of the German government's cabinet committee on Brexit at which ministers discuss organizational and structural issues related to the United Kingdom's departure from the European Union. Speculation about <mask>'s future as leader of the SPD has been brewing since he registered just 74 percent in a party delegates' vote of confidence in December 2015 – the lowest for an SPD leader in 20 years. On 24 January 2017 <mask> announced that we will not run as candidate for chancellor in 2017; instead, he proposed that Martin Schulz become candidate and replace him as party chairman. <mask> also announced that he will succeed Frank-Walter Steinmeier as Minister for Foreign Affairs. He took office on 27 January 2017, the previous Parliamentary State Secretary Brigitte Zypries followed <mask> as Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and Energy. As Foreign Minister <mask> has said Germany's "arms will remain outstretched" to the US to continue the trans-Atlantic alliance between the two countries. However he has said that Germany will step into global markets the US abandons and take on a bigger role on the international stage if Donald Trump continues his protectionist and isolationist policies.Life after politics, 2018–present
Since leaving public office, <mask> has taken on various paid and unpaid positions. In 2018, <mask> was among six of 11 candidates nominated by Siemens to join the board of directors of Siemens Alstom, a planned merger of two railway companies; he ended up not taking the office when the merger was prohibited by the European Commission amid competition concerns. Also in 2018, the German government's ethics committee rejected his request to join the supervisory board of Kulczyk Investments, citing potential conflict of interest. In 2019, he rejected an offer to become the head of the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA) after media reports that he was in line for the post caused a public outcry and prompted accusations of nepotism. More recently, he said Donald Trump is right to criticize China and to negotiate with North Korea. <mask> has been chairman of the Atlantic Bridge and member of the Trilateral Commission as well as the European Council on Foreign Relations. He has also been a member of the Board of Trustees of the International Crisis Group since May 2018 and since March 2019 the advisory board of Deloitte.In the summer semester of 2018, he was a lecturer at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn and for three weeks in the fall of 2018 a visiting lecturer at Harvard University. Since November 2019, he has been working at Eurasia Group as a political consultant. On 24 January 2020, Deutsche Bank nominated him for a seat on the supervisory board of its financial institution. This announcement caused partly critical reactions. For example, Abgeordnetenwatch demanded a grace period of three years for such a change, arguing that it would harm the understanding of democracy if <mask> less than two years after his departure as vice chancellor "now silvering his address book to Deutsche Bank, which he could fill so bulging only as a representative of the people". On 20 May 2020, <mask> was elected as a member of the Integrity Committee of Deutsche Bank to the supervisory board of the same company. Also reported in May 2020, <mask> was elected to the supervisory board of Siemens Energy.By his own account, <mask> worked as a consultant for Tönnies Holding from March to the end of May 2020. According to <mask>, he was to find out what trade restrictions were planned for meat products when exporting to Asia in the wake of African swine fever and how export permits could still be obtained. Since 2020, the German-Israeli Future Forum Foundation has run the Sylke Tempel Fellowship program under <mask>'s auspices. In 2010, he called for an independent assessment that would determine whether the U.S. counter-insurgency strategy would succeed. However, he voted in favor of extending German participation in the NATO-led security mission ISAF in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. On the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of the State of Israel, <mask> participated in the first joint cabinet meeting of the governments of Germany and Israel in Jerusalem in March 2008. In 2012, after having visited Hebron and the Palestinian territories, he said the Palestinians in those areas were systematically discriminated against and called Israel an "Apartheid Regime".While German members of parliament call out Iran's human rights violations and Nazanin Boniadi, advocate for the Center for Human Rights in Iran, described "systemic gender apartheid" where women advocating equal rights are regularly imprisoned, homosexuality is illegal and can carry the death penalty, <mask> became the first top level German government visitor to Iran in 13 years as well as the first senior figure from any large western country's government to visit the country since it struck an agreement on its nuclear program, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, only days earlier. Travelling with a delegation of German industry representatives keen to move back into the Iranian market, he met with President Hassan Rouhani, Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif and Oil Minister Bijan Namdar Zangeneh. In one of the strongest comments by Germany to push for a federal solution for Ukraine, <mask> told German weekly Welt am Sonntag in August 2014 that a federal structure was the only

masks:
Sigmar Hartmut Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Walter Gabriel
Antonie Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Sigmar
Gabriel
Gabriel
Walter Gabriel
Sigmar
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel


title: Sigmar Gabriel

texts:
 option to resolve pro-Russian unrest in the country. He added that Germany's priority was to prevent direct conflict between Russia and its southern neighbour. Commenting on the international sanctions regime against Russia, <mask> stated in early 2015 that “we want to help resolve the conflict in Ukraine but don’t want to force Russia to its knees.” He later suggested that Europe consider easing sanctions in exchange for cooperation in Syria. Ukrainian-American historian Alexander J. Motyl has accused <mask> of "appeasement" and "a complete betrayal of everything democratic socialists claim to stand for." In September 2015, amid the European migrant crisis, <mask> visited the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan to learn more about the plight of Syrians fleeing the violence in the ongoing Syrian civil war that erupted in 2011.<mask> publicly urged Saudi Arabia to stop supporting religious radicals, amid growing concern among about the country's funding of Wahhabi mosques in Germany which are accused of breeding dangerous Islamists. In January 2016, <mask> participated in the first joint cabinet meeting of the governments of Germany and Turkey in Berlin. Later that year, he called any accession of Turkey to the European Union in the near term an "illusion." After the G7 summit in 2017, <mask> stated that the United States, with Donald Trump as president, has "weakened" the West and that the balance of power has now shifted. The remark comes days after Merkel stated, in an apparent policy shift, that "Europeans must really take our fate into our own hands". In June 2017, <mask> criticized the draft of new U.S. sanctions against Russia that target EU–Russia energy projects, including Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. In a joint statement <mask> and Austria's Chancellor Christian Kern said that "Europe's energy supply is a matter for Europe, and not for the United States of America."They also said: "To threaten companies from Germany, Austria and other European states with penalties on the U.S. market if they participate in natural gas projects such as Nord Stream 2 with Russia or finance them introduces a completely new and very negative quality into European-American relations." <mask> is a supporter of the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations, and the creation of a more accountable international political system. He argued the U.N. needed to be made "more effective, transparent, and democratic through a reform of its structures and decision-making procedures". In February 2018, <mask> accused Russia and China of trying to "undermine" the liberal Western world order. He said that "Nobody should attempt to divide the European Union: not Russia, not China and also not the United States." In September 2018, <mask> said that "Ukrainians, Belarusians and Russians experienced unfathomable suffering in World War II. We have a responsibility there."In March 2018, after his departure as German foreign minister, <mask> published an opinion piece about the future of the relations between Turkey (under AKP rule) and the West, where he advocated for an inclusive stance towards Turkey and criticized the policy of the United States in that regard. In February 2020, he joined around fifty former European prime ministers and foreign ministers in signing an open letter published by British newspaper The Guardian to condemn U.S. President Donald Trump’s Middle East peace plan, saying it would create an apartheid-like situation in occupied Palestinian territory. Economic policy
On the occasion of the G20 summit in 2011, <mask> joined Ed Miliband, the leader of the UK's Labour Party, and Håkan Juholt, the chairman of the Swedish Social Democratic Party, in suggesting a “new deal” for economic growth. They also said G20 leaders should commit to the introduction of a financial transaction tax for all major financial centers and an agreement to separate consumer and investment banking. In a letter to the European Commissioner for Trade, Karel De Gucht, <mask> stated in March 2014 that “special investment-protection provisions are not required in an agreement between the E.U. and the U.S” on a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Instead, he later called for a public trade and investment court to replace the current system of private arbitration, and to enable appeals against arbitration rulings.Meanwhile, he has continuously warned against overblowing expectations for an economic boost from TTIP but maintained that the pact was needed to set high common standards for consumers. By August 2016, <mask> said talks on TTIP had "de facto" failed. In September 2014, <mask> rejected the inclusion of an investor-state dispute settlement clause in the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union, prompting a renegotiation that delayed the entry into force of the agreement. Following the renegotiations, he championed CETA to demonstrate the center-left party's business credentials. In a 2014 meeting with French economist Thomas Piketty, whose best-selling work Capital in the Twenty-First Century calls for a wealth tax, <mask> rejected such a progressive levy on capital as “crazy” for business. He also argued that a wealth tax would generate no more than 8 billion euros ($9.9 billion) a year. Together with his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron, <mask> presented a joint proposal in 2015 to set up a common eurozone budget.Energy policy
Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, <mask> harshly criticized the International Atomic Energy Agency, saying it had promoted “the construction of nuclear plants in all parts of the world, even in war and crisis regions. That needs to stop.”

In 2015, <mask> opposed a European Commission proposal for regional power-capacity markets, according to which utilities are paid for providing backup electricity at times when power generated by renewable sources, such as the sun and wind, cannot supply the grid. A free market backstopped by an emergency reserve will be cheaper and work just as well as capacity markets, <mask> told Handelsblatt. He later warned against a hasty exit from coal-fired power generation, concerned that such a move could pile more pressure on producers still wrestling with the planned shutdown of nuclear plants by 2022. Arms exports
Early in his tenure as Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and Energy, <mask> vowed a much more cautious approach to licensing arms exports, unnerving the sizeable defense industry and signaling a change in policy from the previous coalition government under which sales rose. In August 2014, he withdrew permission for Rheinmetall to build a military training center east of Moscow. <mask> was bound by pledges to his SPD to reduce arms sales to states that abuse human rights and the rule of law or where such sales may contribute to political instability.He stated that controls over the final destination of small arms sold to such nations are still insufficient. However, he also indicated that the government would not universally block deals with countries outside of Germany's traditional alliances. Deals with such countries could be approved because of "special foreign-policy or security interests." In late 2015, his ministry approved a merger of German tank maker Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) with the French armoured vehicle maker Nexter. <mask> has been criticized by opposition leaders and the press for failing to prevent several deals that resulted in a significant rise in German arms exports during his tenure, although a paradigm shift (lifting of the prohibition against arms exports in zones of war and crisis) already occurred before that. Digital policy
In May 2014, <mask> and France's economy and digital minister Arnaud Montebourg sent the European Commissioner for Competition, Joaquín Almunia, a letter criticizing the settlement of a three-year antitrust probe into Google; <mask> later “warmly welcomed” the launch of EU antitrust charges against Google in April 2015. In September 2014, <mask> called Google, Amazon.com and Apple Inc. “anti-social” for skirting appropriate taxation.In early 2015, <mask> and his French counterpart Emmanuel Macron wrote in a joint letter to Vice-President of the European Commission Andrus Ansip that the growing power of some online giants “warrants a policy consultation with the aim of establishing an appropriate general regulatory framework for ‘essential digital platforms.’”

In 2016, during a series of Chinese bids for German engineering firms, <mask> publicly called for a European-wide safeguard clause which could stop foreign takeovers of firms whose technology is deemed strategic for the future economic success of the region. Human rights
In April 2014, human rights lawyer Mo Shaoping was blocked from meeting <mask> during his visit to China, despite the minister saying ahead of the meeting that he wanted to meet critical voices. During a 2015 visit to King Salman of Saudi Arabia, <mask> launched an unusual public effort to persuade Saudi authorities to free imprisoned writer Raif Badawi and grant him clemency, amplifying Germany’s political voice in a region in which its influence had largely been limited to economic issues in years past. He had been urged by MPs and human rights organizations to take up Badawi's case before his trip. His outspoken criticism of Saudi justice was unusual for Western leaders visiting the country, a close ally for the West in fighting terrorism and Islamic State militants, particularly given Germany’s status as Saudi Arabia’s third-largest source of imports. While the U.S. State Department had previously also criticized the Badawi sentence, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry did not talk about the case publicly when he visited Riyadh only days before. During a subsequent trip to Qatar, <mask> called on the emir of Qatar, Sheikh Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani and other senior officials to do better in protecting foreign household workers who face abuse from their employers.Controversy

Thilo Sarrazin
In 2010, <mask> called the speeches of Thilo Sarrazin, his party colleague who wrote critically about immigration by accusing Muslims of refusing to integrate and of “dumbing down” German society, "verbal violence". He stated that although Sarrazin described many things that were accurate, his conclusions did not fit into the egalitarian “ideals” of Social Democracy anymore. Kaiser’s takeover
In 2016, a German court nullified <mask>'s controversial decision to grant a special permission for the country's biggest supermarket chain Edeka to buy grocery store chain Kaiser's, owned by Tengelmann Group. The judges raised questions about the minister's "bias and a lack of neutrality" in the case, saying he had held secret discussion during the decision making process. Personal life
<mask> has a daughter, Saskia, born in 1989, with his former girlfriend, who is of Jewish origin and whose grandparents were murdered in Auschwitz. <mask> was subsequently married to his former high school student Munise Demirel, who is of Turkish origin, from 1989 to 1998, and they had no children. In 2012 he married dentist Anke Stadler, with whom he has been in a relationship since 2008; their daughter Marie was born in 2012.His daughter Thea was born on 4 March 2017. In December 2016, <mask> underwent bariatric surgery in Offenbach to shrink his stomach and help manage his diabetes. See also
List of foreign ministers in 2017
List of current foreign ministers

References

External links

<mask>'s official Bundestag profile (German)

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1959 births
Critics of Islamism
Foreign Ministers of Germany
Economy ministers of Germany
Energy ministers
Environment ministers of Germany
Living people
Members of the Bundestag for Lower Saxony
Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony
Ministers-President of Lower Saxony
People from Goslar
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
University of Göttingen alumni
Vice-Chancellors of Germany
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of

masks: Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel Gabriel


title: Giannelli Imbula

texts:
<mask> (born 12 September 1992) is a professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Portuguese club Portimonense. Born in Belgium, <mask> played youth football for France, before changing international allegiance to the DR Congo national football team. <mask> began his career with French club Guingamp, where he progressed from the youth teams to make his professional debut in October 2009. He helped Guingamp to promotion from the Championnat National in 2010–11. He established himself as a key member of the Guingamp team in Ligue 2 and one of the stand out players in the division which saw him win the Ligue 2 Player of the Year Award. This prompted Ligue 1 side Marseille to sign <mask> for a fee of €7 million. He spent two seasons at the Stade Vélodrome before joining Portuguese side Porto in the summer of 2015 for €20 million.After seven months at Porto, <mask> joined English club Stoke City for a club record £18.3 million. Despite making a promising start at Stoke, he had a poor 2016–17 season and was sent on loan to Ligue 1 side Toulouse in 2017–18, La Liga side Rayo Vallecano in 2018–19 and Serie A side Lecce in 2019–20. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Vilvoorde, Belgium, to Congolese parents, who moved to Paris when he was young. Growing up he played youth team football with US Argenteuil, Racing Club, Paris Saint-Germain before moving to Guingamp when he was 15. <mask> progressed through the youth team at the Stade de Roudourou and made his professional debut in Ligue 2 on 16 October 2009 in a game against Dijon, becoming the youngest player in Ligue 2 history at 17 years, 1 month and 4 days of age. He played 33 times in 2010–11, scoring twice and helping Guingamp gain an instant promotion back to Ligue 2. He made 30 appearances in 2011–12 as the side finished seventh which was followed by promotion to Ligue 1 in 2012–13, with <mask> making 36 appearances, scoring two goals and he was named Ligue 2 Player of the Year.Marseille
In July 2013, <mask> joined Marseille for a fee of €7 million, including bonuses. He played 37 times for Marseille in 2013–14 as the team and <mask> failed to make a significant impact, finishing outside of the European places in sixth spot. However, under the management of Marcelo Bielsa in 2014–15, <mask> formed an effective understanding with André Ayew, André-Pierre Gignac and Dimitri Payet where they finished in fourth place in the league table and were the second highest goalscorers with 76 goals. Porto
On 1 July 2015, <mask> signed a five-year contract with Portuguese side Porto for a club record fee of €20 million. He struggled, however, to settle in Portugal and reports emerged that Porto would be willing to let him leave in the 2016 January transfer window. Stoke City
On 1 February 2016, <mask> joined Premier League club Stoke City on a five-and-a-half year contract for a club record €24 million (£18.3 million). He made his Stoke debut on 6 February 2016 in a 3–0 defeat against Everton.<mask> scored his first goal for Stoke on 13 February in a 3–1 win over Bournemouth. He made a good start to his Stoke career and earned the praise of teammate Geoff Cameron. He scored in a 2–1 victory against West Ham United on the final day of the 2015–16 season, helping Stoke to a ninth-place finish. Stoke and <mask> made a poor start to the 2016–17 campaign and he was dropped from the side by manager Mark Hughes. He returned to the side in December and January before again being left out of the squad by Hughes. <mask> made 14 appearances for Stoke in 2016–17 and it was reported that the club would be willing to cut their losses on <mask> in the summer transfer window. Whilst at Stoke, <mask>'s attitude prompted some heavy criticism from some of his club teammates.Glen Johnson spoke on BBC Radio 5 Live in March 2019 about an occasion where <mask> subbed himself in a pre-season game after someone did not pass him the ball, only to sub himself back on again ten minutes later. <mask>'s contract with Stoke was terminated on 22 February 2020. Loan to Toulouse
In August 2017, <mask> joined Toulouse on loan for the 2017–18 season. <mask> played 34 times for Toulouse, helping them remain in Ligue 1 after they defeated Ajaccio in a relegation play-off. Loan to Rayo Vallecano
On 30 August 2018, <mask> moved to La Liga side Rayo Vallecano on a one-year loan deal. <mask> played 24 times for Rayo in 2018–19 as the team finished bottom of the table, scoring once with a long-range strike in a 0-1 win at SD Huesca on his 14 September 2018 debut. Loan to Lecce
Imbula joined Serie A side Lecce on loan for the 2019–20 season.On 21 February 2020 he received the consensual termination of the contract with the Italian club. Sochi
On 3 March 2020, <mask> signed for Russian Premier League club PFC Sochi. He left Sochi in late July 2020. After leaving Sochi, <mask> was allowed to use the training facilities of former club Guingamp, but ultimately he wasn't offered a contract by the Ligue 2 side. Portimonense
On 9 March 2021, <mask> signed for Primeira Liga club Portimonense S.C.

International career
Born to Congolese parents, <mask> was born in Belgium but raised in France, making him eligible for any of these three countries. In 2013, he received a call up from France under-21 team to compete in the Toulon Tournament. In October 2015, however, <mask> publicly expressed his desire to play for the Belgium national team, for which reason he has required authorization to FIFA to do so.<mask> was called up to the DR Congo national team squad to face Tanzania on 14 March 2018, but rejected the call-up. One year later, <mask> was named in the provisional DR Congo squad for the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations. However, he was not included in the final 23-man squad after his international clearance was not processed in time. He received international clearance in October 2019. <mask> debuted for the DR Congo in a 0-0 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tie with Gabon on 14 November 2019. Style of play
Imbula plays as a defensive midfielder and has been described by Mark Hughes as being able to play in centre midfield: "He's a defensive midfielder and he's got a lot of attributes in terms of understanding that role, but he can play in a three as well. I like that flexibility in players because it gives me more options.He's a good young player with good power, good ability on the ball, and a good range of passing." Personal life
<mask> married his fiancée, Linda, in the summer of 2016. <mask> was caught speeding in Stockport in March 2016. Career statistics

Honours
Individual
UNFP Ligue 2 Player of the Year: 2012–13
UNFP Ligue 2 Team of the Year: 2012–13

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
People from Vilvoorde
Citizens of the Democratic Republic of the Congo through descent
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo international footballers
French footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France youth international footballers
French expatriate footballers
Belgian footballers
French sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Belgian sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Belgian emigrants to France
Naturalized citizens of France
La Liga players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 3 players
Primeira Liga players
Premier League players
Serie A players
Russian Premier League players
En Avant Guingamp players
Olympique de Marseille players
FC Porto players
Stoke City F.C. players
Toulouse FC players
Rayo Vallecano players
U.S. Lecce players
PFC Sochi players
Portimonense S.C. players
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in England
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Association football midfielders

masks:
Gilbert Imbula Wanga
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula
Imbula


title: Paul R. Williams

texts:
<mask>, FAIA (February 18, 1894 – January 23, 1980) was an American architect based in Los Angeles, California. He practiced mostly in Southern California and designed the homes of numerous celebrities, including Frank Sinatra, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, Lon Chaney, Barbara Stanwyck and Charles Correll. He also designed many public and private buildings. Early life and education
<mask> came from a family of middle class Memphis residents: Chester Stanley and <mask>. They migrated to Los Angeles in 1893 with their son, Chester, to start a fruit business, but were not successful. <mask> was born in Los Angeles on February 18, 1894. His father died in 1896 from tuberculosis and his mother two years later from the same illness, leaving the boys in foster care.He  was eventually adopted by C.I. Clarkson and his wife. <mask> was the only African-American student in his elementary school. He studied at the Los Angeles School of Art and Design and at the Los Angeles branch of the New York Beaux-Arts Institute of Design Atelier, subsequently working as a landscape architect with Wilbur Cook, Jr. He studied architectural engineering from 1916 to  1919 at the University of Southern California, where he earned his degree, designing several residential buildings while a student there. <mask> became a certified architect in California in 1921 and the first certified African-American architect west of the Mississippi. He married Della Mae Givens on June 27, 1917, at the First AME Church in Los Angeles.They had three children: <mask> <mask>. (born and died June 30, 1925, buried in Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles); Marilyn Frances <mask> (born December 25, 1926) and Norma Lucille <mask> (born September 18, 1928). Career

<mask> won an architectural competition at age 25, and three years later opened his own office. Known as an outstanding draftsman, he perfected the skill of rendering drawings "upside down." This skill was developed because in the 1920s many of his white clients felt uncomfortable sitting directly next to a Black man. He learned to draft upside down so that he could sit across the desk from his clients who would see his drafts right-side-up. Struggling to gain attention, he served on the first Los Angeles City Planning Commission in 1920. From 1921 through 1924, <mask> worked for Los Angeles architect John C. Austin, eventually becoming chief draftsman, before establishing his own office.In 1923, <mask> became the first African-American member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1939, he won the AIA Award of Merit for his design of the MCA Building in Beverly Hills (now headquarters of the Paradigm Talent Agency). At one point in his career <mask> became interested in prefabricated structures. He worked together with Wallace Neff to design experimental Airform structures which were small homes that only took a few days to construct using simple materials. A. Quincy Jones (1913–79) was an architect who is claimed to have hired <mask> and later collaborated with him on projects in Palm Springs, including the Palm Springs Tennis Club (1947) and the Town & Country (1948) and Romanoff's on the Rocks (1948) restaurants. Lockheed and Guerdon Industries recruited <mask> to design a concept for a car-alternative travel system in Las Vegas. He developed the idea of a monorail-like system called the Skylift Magi-Cab that would bring people to and from McCarran Airport and the city center.During World War II, <mask> worked for the Navy Department as an architect. During his career <mask> designed over 2,000 buildings. Awards, recognition and honors

During his lifetime
In 1951, <mask> won the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Man of the Year award and in 1953 he received the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP for his outstanding contributions as an architect and member of the African-American community. <mask> also received honorary doctorates from Lincoln University of Missouri (doctor of science, 1941), Howard University (doctor of architecture, 1952), and the Tuskegee Institute (doctor of fine arts, 1956). In 1956, he won an award for service, from Wisdom magazine, for "contributions to knowledge and distinguished service to mankind." In 1957, he became the first Black member to be inducted into the AIA's College of Fellows. An April 2, 1957 letter from the Executive Secretary of AIA, offered <mask> the honor of Fellowship and membership in the College of Fellows "for your notable contribution in Public Service."Posthumous honors
USC listed him among its distinguished alumni in the television commercial for the school shown during its football games in 2004. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) gave him its gold medal in 2017, 37 years after <mask>'s death. Publications
Book: The Small Home of Tomorrow (1945), with a successor volume New Homes for Today (1946). Essay: "I Am a Negro," American Magazine (1937). The following is a quote from that essay:I came to realize that I was being condemned, not by lack of ability, but by my color. I passed through successive stages of bewilderment, inarticulate protest, resentment, and, finally, reconciliation to the status of my race. Eventually, however, as I grew older and thought more clearly, I found in my condition an incentive to personal accomplishment, and inspiring challenge.Without having the wish to “show them,” I developed a fierce desire to “show myself.” I wanted to vindicate every ability I had. I wanted to acquire new abilities. I wanted to prove that I, as an individual, deserved a place in the world. Works

Private homes

<mask> designed more than 2,000 private homes, most of which were in the Hollywood Hills and the Mid-Wilshire portion of Los Angeles (including his own home in Lafayette Square), part of historic West Adams, Los Angeles. He also designed at least one home in the San Rafael district along with many others in Pasadena and La Cañada Flintridge. The Linda Vista Area of Pasadena has many Spanish Colonial and French Country homes of his design including many commissioned by business magnates (Chrysler Corporation) and actors. His most famous homes were for celebrities, and he was well regarded for his mastery of various architectural styles.Modern interpretations of Tudor-revival, French Chateau, Regency, French Country, and Mediterranean architecture were all within his vernacular. One notable home, the Jay Paley House, which he designed for Jay Paley in Holmby Hills, and later the residence of Barron Hilton, was used as the 'Colby mansion' in exterior scenes for The Colbys television series. <mask>'s client list included Frank Sinatra (the notorious pushbutton house), Bill "Bojangles" <mask>, Lon Chaney, Sr., Lucille Ball, Julie London, Tyrone Power (two houses), Barbara Stanwyck, Bert Lahr, Charles Correll, Will Hays, Zasu Pitts, and Danny Thomas. In contrast to these splendid mansions, <mask> co-designed with Hilyard <mask> the first federally funded public housing projects of the post-war period (Langston Terrace in Washington, D.C.) and later the Pueblo del Rio project in southeast Los Angeles. <mask> famously remarked upon the bitter irony of the fact that most of the homes he designed, and whose construction he oversaw, were on parcels whose deeds included segregation covenants barring Black people from purchasing them. A number of his works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Works
(In Los Angeles, unless otherwise noted)

28th Street YMCA, 1006 E. 28th St., Los Angeles (<mask>, <mask> R.), NRHP-listed
421 La Fayette Park Place, Los Angeles, CA
Angeles Mesa Elementary School, Los Angeles, California
Angelus Funeral Home, 1010 E. Jefferson Blvd., Los Angeles (<mask>, <mask>.), NRHP-listed
Arrowhead Springs Hotel & Spa, San Bernardino, California;
Beverly Hills Hotel (redesigned & added rooms in the 1940s)
Baldwin Hills Mall (original anchor stores).<mask> managed the interior and exterior redesign in 1950, then oversaw a second renovation after the restaurant was badly damaged by a fire in 1954. Pueblo del Rio Housing Project, Los Angeles, 1941
 Roberts House Ranch "The Tropical Terrace", Malibu, CA (The remains of the burned down structures can be explored on Solstice Canyon Trail in Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.) Saks Fifth Avenue, Beverly Hills, 9600 Wilshire Bd, Los Angeles (with Parkinson & Parkinson)
 Seaview Palos Verdes, a mid-century modern tract neighborhood built from 1959 to 1960
Second Baptist Church, 1100 E. 24th St., Los Angeles (<mask>, <mask>.), NRHP-listed
Shrine Auditorium (<mask> helped prepare construction drawings as a young architect.) The retro-futuristic googie styled Theme Building at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). (In the 1960s as part of the Pereira & Luckman firm and with consulting engineers, <mask> helped design this futuristic landmark.) The Gatehouse (1940), for aviation pioneer Thomas F. Hamilton (Lake Arrowhead, California);
 UCLA Botany Building
Woodrow Wilson High School
One or more works in 27th Street Historic District, along 27th St., Los Angeles (Williams, <mask>), NRHP-listed
One or more works in Berkley Square, area bounded by Byrnes Ave., D St., Leonard Ave., and G St., Las Vegas, NV (<mask>, <mask> R.)
501 World Way, first parking structure at LAX, built in 1965

He also designed the Al Jolson tomb in Hillside Memorial Park, to where Jolson's body was moved in 1951. The tomb and fountain are prominently visible from the adjacent San Diego Freeway.It is perhaps a fitting tribute to both <mask> and Jolson that he was chosen to design Jolson's resting place since Jolson had a long history of supporting African-American entertainers, in a time when that was controversial. Professional records

In 1955, <mask> was hired to transform a W.W.Woolworth store at the corner of Broadway and 45th in Los Angeles into the Broadway Federal Savings and Loan. When the bank opened, <mask> safeguarded much of his business papers in the bank. During the fires that consumed the area after the <mask> trial in 1992, the Broadway Bank burned and it was feared that much of <mask>’ archives had been lost. <mask> family had carefully curated the documents and <mask>’ granddaughter, Karen Elyse Hudson,  agreed to the acquisition of the archive by the Getty Research Institute and the USC School of Architecture. In June 2020, Milton Curry of USC announced the contents of the archive: about 35,000 architectural plans, 10,000 original drawings, blueprints, photographs, and correspondence that help “fill the gaps of Los Angeles Modernism in the 20th century.”

Death

<mask> retired his practice in 1973, and died from diabetes on January 23, 1980, at age 85. His funeral was held at the First AME Church he designed, and the presiding minister, Rev.Cecil Murray, was joined in the pulpit by Dr. William H.D. Hornaday, the Senior Minister of Founder's Church of Religious Science, that <mask> also had designed. Dr. Hornaday described <mask> as a gentle and courtly man of the highest integrity. <mask> was interred in the Sanctuary of Radiance, Manchester Garden Mausoleum at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood. <mask>'s widow <mask> (1895–1996) co-founded (with Fannie <mask>) 'The Wilfandel Club' Established November 21, 1945, by black women active in the Los Angeles, California, community. The Wilfandel Club's goal has been to promote civic betterment, philanthropic endeavors, and general culture. The Wilfandel Club is the oldest African-American women's club in Los Angeles.Club meetings are still held at the beautiful Wilfandel Club House on 3425 West Adams Blvd in Los Angeles. <mask> survived her famous husband by 16 years, living to the age of 100; she died on July 24, 1996. Her funeral was held at Founder's Church of Religious Science, designed by her husband. She was interred in the <mask> crypt Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood. On October 29, 2015 a monument and memorial plaza to <mask> was dedicated just to the north of the Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Building as part of its recent renovation. The monument, made by artist Georgia Toliver features a 9-foot-tall bas relief of <mask> with many of his significant works. The bas relief is flanked with interpretive panels with a biography of Mr. <mask> as well as a history of the Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company.Quotes

"If I allow the fact that I am a Negro to checkmate my will to do, now, I will inevitably form the habit of being defeated." "Planning is thinking beforehand how something is to be made or done, and mixing imagination with the product – which in a broad sense makes all of us planners. The only difference is that some people get a license to get paid for thinking and the rest of us just contribute our good thoughts to our fellow man." "Without having the wish to 'show them,' I developed a fierce desire to 'show myself,'" <mask> wrote in his 1937 essay for American Magazine, I Am a Negro. "I wanted to vindicate every ability I had. I wanted to acquire new abilities. I wanted to prove that I, AS AN INDIVIDUAL, deserved a place in the world.""Expensive homes are my business and social housing is my hobby." "Being a Californian was to my advantage. In California the people are interested in ideas that are new and fresh without the traditional or historical ties that are ordinarily more associated with East Coast thinking." Legacy
 <mask> is featured on the documentary series Profiles of African-American Success. Hollywood Style is a book by Karen Hudson (<mask>'s granddaughter) about his houses. The 99% Invisible podcast "The Architect of Hollywood" looks into <mask>' life and influence
 The documentary Hollywood's Architect: The <mask><mask> Story aired on PBS in February 2020. A collection of 280 photographs was published in 2020 by Janna Ireland featuring <mask>' work, called Regarding <mask>. <mask>: A Photographer's View.Notes

References

 Sennot, Stephen, Samudio, Jeffrey B. (contributing editor), "Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture: <mask> <mask>", Routledge, Taylor & Francis Publishers, January, 2004, 1,500 word biography of life and professional work
 Yenser, Thomas (editor), Who's Who in Colored America: A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Persons of African Descent in America, Who's Who in Colored America, Brooklyn, New York, 1930-1931-1932 (Third Edition)
 Hewitt, Mark Alan, "<mask>, <mask>.," in Joan Marter, Editor, Grove Encyclopedia of American Art (New York: Oxford Univ. Press: 2011); online edition. Getty, USC acquire vital archives,  Files of <mask> https://enewspaper.latimes.com/infinity/latimes/default.aspx?edid=0ab16371-019d-4332-93b6-54231ce617a6

External links

  Hollywood’s Architect: The Paul R<mask> Story
 USC Trojan biographical page
 1928 <mask> Renovation Photos, James V. Coane & Associates Architects
 Paul <mask>ere Williams Project Website

African-American architects
20th-century American architects
Architects from Los Angeles
Mediterranean Revival architects
1894 births
1980 deaths
Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
People from South Los Angeles
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
USC Viterbi School of Engineering alumni
Spingarn Medal winners
USC School of Architecture alumni
Beaux-Arts Institute of Design (New York City) alumni
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal

masks:
Paul Revere Williams
Williams
Lila Wright Williams
Paul
Williams
Williams
Paul Revere
Williams Jr
Williams
Williams Harvey
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Robinson
Williams
Robinson
Williams
Williams
Paul
Williams
Paul R
Williams
Williams
Paul R
Williams
Williams
Paul
Williams
Paul
Williams
Williams
Williams
Rodney King
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Della Williams
Williams
Della Williams
Williams
Paul Williams
Paul Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Paul R
. Williams
Williams
Paul R
Williams
Paul Revere
Williams
Williams
Paul R
Paul Williams
. Williams
Paul Williams
Rev


title: Juozas Lebednykas

texts:
<mask> is a Lithuanian artist and sculptor. The art critic Virginijus Kinčinaitis  said of his work:

Biography
<mask> was born in 1947 in Dusmenys Village, Lithuania. From 1966 to 1972 he studied sculpture at the State Institute of Art (in 1989 renamed to Vilnius Academy of Art). His tutors were Bronius Vyšniauskas, Gediminas Jokūbonis and Konstantinas Bogdanas. After graduation, from 1972 to 1973 he worked at the Vilnius Monument Restoration Institute and served in the army. Since 1973 he has lived and worked in Panevėžys. From 1974 to 1987 he worked as a teacher of art at the Panevėžys art school.He has been a member of the Lithuanian Artists' Union since 1975. During the period from 1989 to 1993 he was elected chairman of the Panevėžys branch of the Lithuanian Artists' Union. He created numerous copper sheet reliefs and sculptures for interior and exterior as commissioned by the public institutions, as well as small sculpture and ceramic sculpture pieces, plastic compositions, objects and pastels. Solo exhibitions
 1977 Exhibition Plastic Compositions. Lithuanian Art Foundation, Vilnius
 1992 Exhibition of sculpture and plastic compositions. Panevėžys Art Gallery
 1993 Exhibition of Small Plastic works and Drawings. Gallery XX, Panevėžys
 1993 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions.St.Jonas str. Gallery, Vilnius
 1994 Exhibition of Small Plastic works. Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 Pastel Works, Panevėžys Art Gallery
 1995 Exhibition of Small Plastic works. Germed Gallery, Berlin, Germany
 1997 Exhibition of Sculpture and Drawings. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of Sculpture and Drawings. Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 1998 Exhibition of sculpture and drawings. J.Miltinis Drama Theatre, Panevėžys
 2000 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions.Gallery „Kauno langas“, Kaunas
 2001 Exhibition of Sculpture. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 2002 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions. Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 2003 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions. Bikuskis Manor
 Small form sculpture, Academy of Sciences of the RofL, Vilnius
 2005 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions. Laiptai Gallery, Šiauliai
 2007 Exhibition of Sculpture plastic compositions. Panevėžys Art Gallery

Group exhibitions
 1973 The Second National Exhibition of Young Artists' Work.Čiurlionis Art Museum, Kaunas
 1974 The Third National Exhibition of Young Artists'Work. Art Palace, Panevėžys
 1975 Exhibition „Our Country“. Art Palace, Vilnius
 1976 National Exhibition of Young Artists' Work. Art Palace, Vilnius
 1983 National Sculpture Exhibition. Art Palace, Vilnius
 1974-1990 Spring Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work. Panevėžys Art Palace, Panevėžys Art Gallery
 1992 Exhibition of Lithuanian Sculpture. Abenraa, Denmark
 1995 7th Panevėžys International ceramic symposium exhibition.Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition „1995: Art in Lithuania“. Contemporary Art Center, Vilnius
 1996 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work. Art Exhibition Palace, Klaipėda
 1998 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artist's Work. Kėdainiai Town Hall Art Gallery
 Exhibition „Panevėžys Art –30“. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of artist's group "Plekšne". Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 1999 Exhibition of artist’s group „Plekšne“. Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 11th Panevėžys International ceramic symposium exhibition.Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition "Lithuanian Ceramics". Schloss Ort castle, Gmunden, Austria
 Panevėžys Art Days in Vilnius. Artists Palace, Vilnius
 2000 Exhibition "Chamber Sculpture". Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 "Arka" 10th anniversary exhibition. Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 "Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery Ceramic Collection 1989-1999". Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 2001 Lithuanian Collection of the ceramics generated during the Panevėžys
 International ceramic symposiums. Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 Exhibition of Works of the Lithuanian Sculptors.The President's Office Gardens, Vilnius
 13th Panevėžys International ceramic symposium exhibition. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of Works of the Lithuanian Sculptors. Birštonas Local Government Building
 Exhibition of Photographs of Monuments as Tombstones. Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 Gallery of Medals 10th anniversary exhibition. Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 2002 Sculpture exhibition "Bronze Metamorphoses". Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 Exhibition "10x10". Gallery XX, Panevėžys
 Exhibition "New creation".Gallery of Medals, Vilnius
 "Collection' 2002" fine arts review arranged by the Lithuanian Artists Union, Šiauliai Art Gallery
 2003 Exhibition-contest "Sculpture Gardens of Bernardins", St.John's Gallery, Vilnius
 Exhibition "Panevėžys Art Days'2003". Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of Lithuanian ceramics "Paraphrases". Hacettepe University Art Gallery, Turkey
 Ceramic Collection of Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery. The President's Office Gardens, Vilnius
 2004 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work. LDS Gallery, Kaunas
 15th Panevėžys International ceramic symposium exhibition. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 National exhibition "SPACE- monumental art-architecture". Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 2005 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work.LDS Gallery, Klaipėda
 Exhibition "Panevėžys Art Days'2005". Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work "Panevėžys – Vilnius". Arka Gallery, Vilnius
 Project "Clay on Clay"(KLAAI OP KLAAI). Exhibition "Selected works of Panevėžys
 "International Ceramic Symposiums". Groate Kerk St. Jacobiparochie, Het Bildt, The Netherlands
 Contemporary Art of Aukštaitija. Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 2006 Exhibition "SPACE 1990-2005. Monumental art".Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery
 Exhibition of the Panevėžys Artists' Work "Panevėžys – Jelgava". G. Eliasa museum of art and history, Jelgava, Latvia
 National exhibition of graphic arts and sculpture "Space – plane – body". Contemporary Art Center, Vilnius
 2007 Exhibition "Selected works of the Panevezys International Ceramic Symposiums", Lithuanian Center, the Lithuanian Embassy in Poland, Warsaw, Poland

Symposiums, Pleinairs
 1995 7th Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium
 1999 11th Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium
 2000 International Ice Sculpture Symposium, Jelgava, Latvia
 2001 1st International Pleinair. Ecological –educational actions „Vision of Metal“, Onuškis, Lithuania
 13th Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium
 5th bronze symposium. Foundry "Bronze Age" of the Lithuanian Artists Union, Vilnius
 2004 15th Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium

Sculptures in public spaces
 Sculpture on the grave of actor Bronius Babkauskas (architect R. Eigelis). 1976, granite, 210x70 cm, Graveyard of the Christ the King Cathedral, Ramygalos Str., Panevėžys
 Birds (architect R. Vyšniauskas). 1985, copper, 645x150 cm, Front yard of the Panevėžys Water Supply and Sewer organization (in 1995 renamed to Joint Stock Company „Aukštaitijos vandenys“ (Aukštaitija Waters)
 Spring.1986, copper, 190x100 cm, Interior of the Panevėžys Water Supply and Sewer organization office building (in 1995 renamed to Joint Stock Company „Aukštaitijos vandenys“ (Aukštaitija Waters)
 Waiting. 1987, copper, 170x70 cm, Panevėžys Land Museum
 Tranquility. 1987, copper, 137x50 cm, Panevėžys Land Museum
 Sails (architect M. Steponavičius). 1988, copper, 270x100 cm, Panevėžys Local Government Building
 Pieta (architect V. Andriuška). 1990, copper, granite, 400x80 cm, Churchyard of the Panevėžys Holy Trinity church
 Snail (architect A. Barzdžiukas). 1995, granite, 120x80 cm, Exterior of the Lithuanian Savings Bank Panevėžys office
 Monument to participants of the 1863 year uprising (architect A. Beresnevičius). 1998, granite, 280x176x120 cm, Uprising square, Panevėžys
 Tranquility.1999, copper, 180x50 cm, Vytauto str., Palanga
 Blossom (architect R. Lukšas). 1999, copper, 120x120 cm, Urbšio str. Panevėžys
 Monument to St. Roch in Onuškis township. 2004, stoneware, metal, 450x80x80 cm, Onuškis, central square

References

1947 births
Living people
People from Trakai District Municipality
Lithuanian artists
Vilnius Academy of Arts alumni

masks:
Juozas Lebednykas
Juozas Lebednykas


title: Dan Jørgensen

texts:
<mask>. Previously, he served as Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries under Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt. From 2004 to 2013 he served as a Member of the European Parliament for the Social Democrats, as a part of the Party of European Socialists. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Morud on the Danish island of Funen, attended high school at Nordfyns Gymnasium, and university at the University of Aarhus, from which he holds a master's degree in Political Science. He also studied Political Science at the University of Washington. Political career

Member of the European Parliament, 2004–2013
<mask> became a Member of the European Parliament for Denmark in the 2004 European elections with 10,350 personal votes and re-elected in 2009 with 233,266 personal votes. In parliament, <mask> was the head of the Danish delegation of Social Democrats, the country's largest group at the time.He served as vice-chair of the Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety from 2004, and was a substitute on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. In addition to his committee assignments, he was also a member of the parliament's delegation for relations with Iran and a substitute on the delegation for relations with the United States. Career in Danish politics
In February 2014, as Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, <mask> signed a regulation which banned ritual slaughter of animals without prior stunning. In the 2015 Danish general election, <mask> became a member of the Folketing. Minister of Climate and Energy and Public Utilities, 2019 - present
<mask> became Minister of Climate and Energy and Public Utilities in the Mette Frederiksen cabinet, following the June 2019 election. <mask> and his government have made international news with the agreement to reduce Denmark's territorial emissions by 70% in 2030 compared to 1990, the decision to stop oil and gas exploration after 2050 (also driven by the fact that only one company applied for a lease in the latest auction), and the energy islands in the North Sea. Also in 2020, Denmark agreed with Germany on closer cooperation in their offshore wind power development via clusters in the North and Baltic Seas to spur renewable energy and hydrogen production.However, green NGOs have largely viewed <mask>'s tenure negatively in 2020. More than a year after having set an ambitious reduction target for the decade, there are in February 2021 no concrete plans for dealing with the remaining two thirds of the needed reductions to achieve the Danish 2030 emission target. The government has described their climate action strategy as a "hockey stick"-model. This means they plan to await new technologies and falling costs and thus only achieve most reductions at the end of the decade - this strategy has been described by other political parties as a "Bjørn Lomborg" dream. Despite pleas from the UNFCCC, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Danish Economic Councils and the Danish Council on Climate Change, <mask> has postponed the implementation of a higher carbon pricing mechanism, even though Denmark was a pioneer with its adoption in 1992. The opposition to higher carbon taxes was positively received by associations representing the major emitting sectors such as the Confederation of Danish Industry and Danish Agriculture and Food Council. As of January 2021, Denmark stands to have a much lower price on carbon than its neighbours in 2030, with consequences such as trucks from Germany waiting to refuel until they are in Denmark to benefit from the low diesel prices in Denmark.Denmark is also one of the four EU countries without carbon taxes on passenger flights. In fact, <mask>'s government had plans to guarantee domestic flights during the COVID-19 crisis by subsidising domestic flights, a decision decried by green NGOs and the supporting parties Red-Green Alliance and the Socialist People's Party. The decision was not implemented as the European Commission would not approve it due to regulations on state aid. <mask> and the Danish government's initial proposal for a law on electric vehicles would add 500.000 electric vehicles (incl. plugin-hybrid vehicles) by 2030. Had the proposal been agreed upon, it would have meant more cars with only internal combustion engines than in 2020 in Denmark. Because of pressure from other political parties, it was agreed that there would be 775.000 electric vehicles by 2030.During his tenure, <mask> entered a formal agreement with the cement manufacturer Aalborg Portland (Denmark's largest carbon emitter standing for 4% of the national emissions) concluding that they did not have to reduce their annual emissions below their 1990 level of 1.54 million CO2 tons. Similarly, <mask> has been criticised for allowing state-owned companies to continue the build-out of fossil fuel infrastructure like a natural gas pipeline of 115 km, with an associated socio-economic cost of $113 million for Denmark. In a formal answer to the Parliament, <mask> confirmed that the gas pipeline would not reduce the carbon emissions in the short term nor add any jobs in Denmark. <mask> received a "nose" in June 2020, a formal criticism by a majority in the Parliament for delaying negotiations with other political parties on biofuels. As stipulated in the Climate Act, the Danish Council on Climate Change has to make annual recommendations for and provide a status update on the Danish government's climate efforts. In February 2021, the Danish Council on Climate Council does not find it likely that <mask>'s government will achieve the target of a 70% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2030. Following the release of the 6th IPCC report, <mask> said that alarm bells should ring for anyone having influence on climate politics in Denmark or abroad.While Denmark is one of the countries with the largest carbon footprint per capita, <mask> added that Denmark should not increase their ambitions, but help other countries copy Denmark's efforts. He also commented that large emitters should not be treated equally: large companies growing their production should not be compared to the ones not transforming their production, disregarding the fact that what matters with regards to global warming is the total amount of carbon emissions, not the intensity of the production. Despite these controversies, <mask> is a strong climate change communicator. Some examples include a podcast in English called Planet A and a campaign with videos on Facebook advising Danes to put more vegetables in their meatballs. The campaign with Mogens Jensen cost Danish taxpayers 1.2 million kroner. Bibliography
Staunings arv - vejen til et lykkeligt Danmark (2018, People's Press)
Beyond deniers and believers - towards a map of the politics of climate change (2015, Global Environmental Change, co-author)
Grønt håb - Klimapolitik 2.0 (2010, Forlaget Sohn)
Mellem Mars og Venus - EU's rolle i fremtidens verdensorden (2009, Forlaget Sohn)
Politikere med begge ben på jorden hænger ikke på træerne (2009, Informations Forlag)
Grøn Globalisering - miljøpolitik i forandring (2007, Hovedland)
Eurovisioner - Essays om fremtidens Europa (2006, Informations Forlag)

References

External links

|-

1975 births
Living people
People from Odense
Aarhus University alumni
Government ministers of Denmark
Agriculture ministers of Denmark
Danish Ministers of Climate and Energy
Social Democrats (Denmark) politicians
Social Democrats (Denmark) MEPs
MEPs for Denmark 2009–2014
MEPs for Denmark 2004–2009
Members of the Folketing 2015–2019
Members of the Folketing 2019–2023

masks:
Dan Jannik JørgensenMette Frederiksen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Dan Jørgensen
Jørgensen


title: Nat Allbright

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (November 26, 1923 – July 18, 2011) was an American sports announcer who specialized in doing play-by-play radio broadcasts of games that he had never seen, using information sent using Morse code from the stadiums where the games were played to provide listeners with vivid recreations of the actual games, in which <mask> would describe each pitch and play, combined with sound effects to make the depiction more vivid to listeners. <mask> was hired by the Brooklyn Dodgers to announce recreated games played away from Ebbets Field to a network of radio stations on the East Coast that included more than 100 stations, providing facsimile coverage of 1,500 Dodgers games, despite never having seen one in person. Early life
<mask> was born in Dallas, Texas on November 26, 1923. As a child, he moved with his family to Ridgeway, Virginia, and would recreate games in his imagination using lineups that he had taken from the local paper. He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. After receiving training in radio broadcasting, <mask> hosted musical and dance programs on the air, and covered baseball and other sporting events for stations in the Washington area, producing both live and recreated accounts. Dodgers game recreation
Walter O'Malley, owner of the Dodgers, wanted to create a radio network to reach fans of the Dodgers located on the East Coast of the United States.Someone who had previous experience simulating games was desired, as such broadcasts were far less expensive than sending announcers and the required support staff to various stadiums. Assigned to find the right candidate, Dodgers president Buzzie Bavasi hired <mask>, who was working at the time for radio station WEAM in Virginia. Invited to spend time with the Dodgers at spring training, he observed the players in action, with an eye for details of each player's mannerisms that he could use in his recreations. <mask> began his broadcasting career with the Dodgers in 1949, and his recreations were presented on more than 100 radio stations by the following season. During his time with the Dodgers, he broadcast 1,500 games from a studio in Washington, D.C., beginning each one with a statement required by the Federal Communications Commission that the contents of the radio program were a recreation of an actual game and then starting each game by stating "This is <mask>, from Ebbets Field!" <mask> maintained notes and pictures in his studio of each National League ballpark to help make his descriptions as vivid as possible. An assistant sitting outside his recording booth would take details from the play by play feed and prepare a script listing the details of each half inning.<mask> would be notified of any gap in game play so that he would be able to stretch out the material with added commentary until the typed sheets needed for the next half inning were completed. Using the information transmitted about each pitch from the ballpark, <mask> would provide a running account of the game, using his knowledge of the players and their individual characteristics and quirks to provide a running color commentary for a game he could not see. Most of the sound effects he used were from recordings, though he had a knack for using dental clicks to simulate the sound of a ball being struck by the bat. He used records and tape recordings of the National Anthem, crowd murmurs, roars and jeers to help maintain the verisimilitude of the broadcasts, though sportswriter Leslie Timms of the Spartanburg Herald-Journal would reminisce that he could never figure out why the same vendor was shouting "Cold Beer, Here" regardless of which stadium the Dodgers were playing in. <mask> himself supplied the voice of the beer vendor, leaning away from the microphone to simulate the voice coming from the stands. If transmissions were not received from the live game, he might add in improvised foul balls; extensive lags could be turned into an imaginary rain delay to buy additional time, with thunder simulated by crinkling a piece of cellophane. In a 1955 article, sportswriter Red Smith described how <mask> never claimed to be broadcasting from Ebbets Field, but didn't make it clear that he wasn't, "kind of leaving it up to the listeners to decide for themselves."After Fred Saigh, then owner of 90% of the St. Louis Cardinals, was convicted of income tax evasion and sentenced to 15 months in federal prison in January 1953, <mask> was part of a group of prospective buyers that sought to buy the team from Saigh. A month later, Saigh sold the team to a group led by the owners of Anheuser-Busch, accepting a lower offer of $3.75 million to keep the team in St. Louis. From 1950 until 1961, <mask> did 1,500 broadcasts of games played by the Dodgers, though he never saw the team play in person. Washington Post sportswriter Bob Addie called <mask> the "king of the baseball re-creators", an art whose practitioners included Ronald Reagan. He was awarded a ring when the Dodgers won the 1955 World Series, their only championship in Brooklyn. Improving technology and the move of the Dodgers to Los Angeles in 1958 cost <mask> many of his fans, with the team's evening home games starting at 11:00 PM in the Eastern Time Zone where his radio stations were located. Custom recreations
In the years after he retired from broadcasting for the Dodgers, <mask> began a company producing simulated recreations of sporting events, in which he would insert names supplied by customers as part of the recording.One client wanted to have himself inserted as a catcher for Dizzy Dean, pitching for the Cardinals in the 1934 World Series against the Detroit Tigers, while another customer had his father's name inserted into a game in which he supposedly played alongside Babe Ruth for the New York Yankees. Other recordings had couch potatoes playing for the Boston Celtics, boxing at Madison Square Garden and playing golf at the U.S. Open. During the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, <mask> produced a manufactured account of the All-Star Game that was scheduled to have been played that year at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland, but had been cancelled due to the work stoppage. The Washington Post lauded "the fantasy created by Mr. <mask>" that evening, noting that he "had listeners sensing a breezy, summer Ohio night perfect for baseball". Before the strike was settled after half of the 1982 NFL season had been lost, Allbright broadcast eight simulated games featuring the Washington Redskins facing their scheduled opponents, setting the imaginary pace for a season in which the Redskins would in reality go on to win Super Bowl XVII. Death
<mask> died of pneumonia on July 18, 2011, in Arlington, Virginia at the Virginia Hospital Center. He was survived by his wife, as well as by a daughter and a son.References

1923 births
2011 deaths
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Brooklyn Dodgers announcers
Deaths from pneumonia in Virginia
Major League Baseball broadcasters
People from Ridgeway, Virginia
Military personnel from Dallas

masks:
Nathan Matthew
Nat
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Nat Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright
Allbright