title: Hannah Szenes

texts:
<mask> (often anglicized as <mask> or Chanah Senesh; ; ; 17 July 19217 November 1944) was a poet and a Special Operations Executive (SOE) member. She was one of 37 Jewish SOE recruits from Mandate Palestine parachuted by the British into Yugoslavia during the Second World War to assist anti-Nazi forces and ultimately in the rescue of Hungarian Jews about to be deported to the German death camp at Auschwitz. <mask> was arrested at the Hungarian border by Hungarian gendarmes. She was imprisoned and tortured, but refused to reveal details of her mission. She was eventually tried and executed by firing squad. She is regarded as a national heroine in Israel but has largely been forgotten in her birthplace of Hungary according to The Guardian. In Israel her poetry is widely known and the Yad Hana kibbutz as well as several streets, are named after her.Early life

Szenes was born on July 17, 1921, to an assimilated Jewish family in Hungary. Her father, Béla, a journalist and playwright, died when <mask> was six years old. She continued to live with her mother, Kathrine, and her brother, György. She enrolled in a Protestant private school for girls that also accepted Catholic and Jewish pupils; however those of the Catholic and Jewish faith had to pay double and three times the amount Protestants paid. After her mother thought it was too expensive, Szenes was declared a "gifted student" and allowed to only pay double the usual amount. This, along with the realization that the situation of the Jews in Hungary was becoming precarious, prompted Szenes to embrace Zionism, and she joined Maccabea, a Hungarian Zionist students organization. Immigration to Nahalal

Szenes graduated in 1939 and decided to emigrate to what was then the British Mandate of Palestine in order to study in the Girls' Agricultural School at Nahalal.In 1941, she joined Kibbutz Sdot Yam and then joined the Haganah, the paramilitary group that laid the foundation of the Israel Defense Forces. The scholar of Jewish Mysticism Joseph G. Weiss was in love with her and parts of their correspondence were published after his death. In 1943, she enlisted in the British Women's Auxiliary Air Force as an Aircraftwoman 2nd Class. Later the same year, she was recruited into the Special Operations Executive (SOE) and was sent to Egypt for parachute training. The parachutists’ mission
Between 1943 and 1944, the Jewish community in Palestine (Yishuv) decided to send Jewish parachutists behind enemy lines to assist both Allies forces and the Jews in occupied Europe. The mission was a cooperation between the Yishuv and British forces to create Jewish commando unit within the British army. Szenes volunteered and was selected along with 32 others, out of 250 candidates, to be sent on active missions.Arrest and torture
On March 14, 1944, she and two colleagues were parachuted into Yugoslavia and joined a partisan group. After landing, they learned the Germans had already occupied Hungary, so the men decided to call off the mission as too dangerous. Szenes continued on and headed for the Hungarian border. At the border, she and her companions were arrested by Hungarian gendarmes, who found her British military transmitter, used to communicate with the SOE and other partisans. She was taken to a prison, stripped, tied to a chair, then whipped and clubbed for three days. She lost several teeth as a result of the beatings. The guards wanted to know the code for her transmitter so they could find out who the parachutists were and trap others.Transferred to a Budapest prison, Szenes was repeatedly interrogated and tortured, but only revealed her name and refused to provide the transmitter code, even when her mother was also arrested. They threatened to kill her mother if she did not cooperate, but she refused. While in prison, Szenes used a mirror to flash signals out of the window to prisoners in other cells and communicated using large cut-out letters that she placed in her cell window one at a time and by drawing the Magen David in the dust. Trial and execution
She was tried for treason in Hungary on 28 October 1944 by a court appointed by the fascist Arrow Cross regime. There was an eight-day postponement to give the judges more time to find a verdict, followed by another postponement, this one because of the appointment of a new Judge Advocate. She was executed by a firing squad on November 7, 1944. She kept diary entries until her last day.One of them read: "In the month of July, I shall be twenty-three/I played a number in a game/The dice have rolled. I have lost," and another: "I loved the warm sunlight." Her diary was published in Hebrew in 1946. Her remains were brought to Israel in 1950 and buried in the cemetery on Mount Herzl, Jerusalem. Her tombstone was brought to Israel in November 2007 and placed in Sdot Yam. During the trial of Rudolf Kastner, <mask>'s mother testified that during the time her daughter was imprisoned, Kastner's people had advised her not to obtain a lawyer for her daughter. Further, she recalled a conversation with Kastner after the war, telling him, "I don't say that you could have saved my daughter <mask>, but that you didn't try – it makes it harder for me that nothing was done."After the Cold War, a Hungarian military court officially exonerated her. Her kin in Israel were informed on November 5, 1993. Poetry, songs and plays
Szenes was a poet and playwright, writing both in Hungarian and Hebrew. The following are four of her better known poems. The best known of these is "A Walk to Caesarea", commonly known as Eli, Eli ("My God, My God"). The well-known melody was composed by David Zahavi. Many singers have sung it, including Ofra Haza, Regina Spektor, and Sophie Milman.It was used to close some versions of the film Schindler's List. In popular culture
 The Legend of <mask>, a play about Szenes written by Aharon Megged, was produced and directed by Laurence Merrick at the Princess Theatre in Los Angeles in 1964. Szenes was played by Joan Huntington. Hanna's War, a film about Szenes's life directed by Menahem Golan, was released in 1988. Szenes was portrayed by Maruschka Detmers. Blessed is the Match: The Life and Death of <mask>, directed by Roberta Grossman, is a documentary film that recounts the events of <mask>'s life. It was released in 2008.Darkness (one two three), a musical pilot project of the Association of Global Art, led by the musician and singer , in which <mask>'s last poem was composed and sung (English and Hebrew, 2019). See also
 Jewish Parachutists of Mandate Palestine

References

Bibliography
 חנה סנש: חייה, שליחותה ומותה, in Hebrew. 1952. Diario, cartas, iniciación literaria, misión y muerte, memorias de la madre, 1966. in Spanish. 396 pages. <mask>, Her Life & Diary, Schocken Books, 1972. Masters, Anthony.The Summer That Bled; The Biography of <mask>. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1972. Goldenberg, Linda. In Kindling Flame: The Story of <mask>, 1921-1944. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1985. Hay, Peter. Ordinary Heroes: Chana <mask> and the Dream of Zion.G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1986. Whitman, Ruth. The Testing of Hannah Senesh Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986. Maxine Rose Schur, <mask>es: A Song of Light, Philadelphia, 1986. Betzer, Oded. The Paratrooper Who Didn't Return.World Zionist Organization, 1989. Ransom, Candice F.  So Young to Die: the Story of <mask>. Scholastic, 1993. Senesh, <mask>, and Marge Piercy (foreword). <mask>: Her Life and Diary. Jewish Lights Publishing, 2004. Gozlan, Martine, <mask>, l'étoile foudroyée.Paris: Ed. de l'Archipel, 2014. In French.

masks:
Hannah Szenes
Hannah Senesh
Szenes
Hannah
Hannah
Hannah
Hannah Senesh
Hannah Senesh
Hannah
Hannah
Hannah Senesh
Hannah Senesh
Hannah Senesh
Szenes
Hannah Szen
Hannah Senesh
Hannah
Hannah Senesh
Hannah Szenes


title: Peter Tomasi

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> is an American comic book editor and writer, best known for his work for DC Comics. As an editor, he oversaw numerous comic books featuring the Justice League, including series starring various members of that team such as Batman, Aquaman, Martian Manhunter, Green Lantern, and the Flash. As a writer, he has written titles featuring Batman-related characters, such as Batman and Robin and The Outsiders, and Green Lantern-related series such as Blackest Night (alongside Geoff Johns), Brightest Day and Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors. He also wrote the screenplay for the animated movie The Death of Superman. Early life
<mask> became a fan of comics at a young age through the Batman comic books his father bought him, and through TV shows such as the Super Friends animated series and the Adam West Batman series. Batman was the first superhero who entered his consciousness, as it was the first character he dressed up as for Halloween, and the first comic book whose creators he recognized. Specifically he cites the work of Dennis O'Neil and Neal Adams as the first to draw him into the character, as well as Bob Haney's work on The Brave and the Bold and that of Jim Aparo.Career
Starting as an editor at DC Comics in 1993, and working on such titles as Green Lantern, the Batman titles, Aquaman, Hawkman, and JSA, <mask> was an occasional writer on various titles, including JSA, The Outsiders, Steel, and The Light Brigade. In 2003, DC promoted him to Senior Editor. In 2007, <mask> left his 14-year role as an editor and transitioned to writing. He began on the limited series Black Adam: The Dark Age. In 2008, he wrote Requiem, a tie-in to Final Crisis that paid tribute to the fallen Martian Manhunter. <mask> wrote the Nightwing title for 14 issues until its cancellation in April 2009 due to events in the "Battle for the Cowl" storyline. In 2011, <mask> took over as writer on Batman and Robin with issue No.20 from Paul Cornell, writing the three part "Tree of Blood" storyline that ran until issue No. 22. From 2009 to 2010, <mask> co-wrote the creator-owned title The Mighty with Keith Champagne, as well as Green Lantern Corps through the "Blackest Night" storyline. <mask> co-wrote the "Blackest Night" follow-up maxiseries Brightest Day in 2010–2011, with Geoff Johns. During that same period, he was the regular writer on the monthly Green Lantern: Emerald Warriors and The Outsiders, which ended in 2011 as part of DC's The New 52 line-wide relaunch. As part of that relaunch, <mask> became the writer on the relaunched volumes of Batman and Robin and Green Lantern Corps which were released in September 2011. As part of the DC Rebirth relaunch of DC's titles, <mask> and artist Patrick Gleason became the creative team on Superman vol.4 in June 2016. <mask> and Jorge Jimenez produced a new version of the Super Sons beginning in 2017. The two new super-kids are Damian Wayne, son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, and Jonathan Kent, son of Superman and Lois Lane. The series ran for 16 issues and one annual. <mask> and Gleason crafted the "Never-Ending Battle" chapter in Action Comics #1000 (June 2018). <mask> launched the Adventures of the Super Sons limited series in August 2018. He penned the screenplay for the animated feature film The Death of Superman.Directed by Jake Castorena and Sam Liu, this is the eleventh film in the shared animated film continuity series: The DC Animated Movie Universe and the first of a two-part animated feature based on the comic book story arc of the same name, with part one released on August 7, 2018. <mask> became the new writer for Detective Comics as of issue No. 994. He concluded his run with Detective Comics issue No. 1033. Personal life
<mask> has a son. In a February 2011 interview with Comic Book Resources, <mask> discussed how his then-eight-year-old son influenced his approach to writing Damian Wayne in Batman and Robin.<mask> also spoke about his son's influence on the way he writes Superman's son, Jon. Bibliography

DC Comics
Showcase '95 #7–9, "Exit to Eden", "Deep Down" (with Scot Eaton and Eduardo Barreto, June–August 1995)
The Lobo Gallery: Portraits of a Bastich, one-shot, "Portraits of a Bastich" (with among other artists, July 1995)
The Flash Annual vol. 2 No. 9, "Silent Running" (with J. H. Williams III, 1996)
Steel vol. 2 No. 28, "The Drowning Room", No. 33, "Withdrawal Symptoms" (with Andrew Robinson and Jim Aparo, May–October 1996)
Showcase '96 No.9, "Honor Bound" (with Eduardo Barreto, July 1996)
The Light Brigade (four-issue limited series, with <mask>nejbjerg, December 2003 – March 2004, collected in Light Brigade, hc, 224 pages, 2014, )
Outsiders vol. 3 #26–27, "Tick Tock" (with Will Conrad, July–August 2005)
JSA Classified #8–9, "The Spear and the Dragon" (with Don Kramer, February 2006) collected in JSA Classified: Honor Among Thieves (tpb, 125 pages, 2007, )
Black Adam: The Dark Age (six–issue limited series, with Doug Mahnke, August 2007 – January 2008, collected in Black Adam: The Dark Age, tpb, 144 pages, 2008, )
Infinite Halloween Special, one-shot, "The 13 Stories of Halloween" (with among other artists, October 2007)
Green Lantern Corps vol. 2 #18–46 (November 2007 – April 2010)
 "The Sinestro Corps War: Hammer to Fall" (with Patrick Gleason and Jamal Igle, in No. 18, 2007) collected in Green Lantern: The Sinestro Corps War vol. 2 (hc, 192 pages, 2008, )
Ring Quest (tpb, 144 pages, 2008, ) collects:
 "Liberty's Light" (with Patrick Gleason, in #19, 2007)
 "Ring Quest" (with Patrick Gleason and Carlos Magno, in No. 2 #140–153 (January 2008 – February 2009)
Freefall (tpb, 168 pages, 2008, ) collects:
 "Freefall" (with Rags Morales and Don Kramer, in #140–146, 2008)
The Great Leap (tpb, 192 pages, 2009, ) collects:
 "The Great Leap" (with Don Kramer and Rags Morales, in #147–150, 2008)
 "The Great Leap Epilogue:...And Into the Black" (with Doug Mahnke, in #151, 2008)
 "Eminence Front" (with Don Kramer, in #152, 2009)
 "Black Dawn" (with Don Kramer, in #153, 2009)
 "Origins & Omens" (with Joe Bennet, in No. 153, 2009)
Final Crisis: Requiem, one-shot (with Doug Mahnke, July 2008)
Justice Society of America Kingdom Come Special: Magog, one-shot, "Magog: The Real Me" (with Fernando Pasarin, November 2008)
Outsiders vol.4 #15–25 (February 2009 – December 2009)
The Deep (tpb, 192 pages, 2009, ) collects:
 "The Deep" (with Lee Garbett and Fernando Pasarin, in #15–20, 2009)
 "Origins & Omens" (with Lee Garbett, in No. 15, 2009)
The Hunt (tpb, 144 pages, 2010, ) collects:
 "The Hunt" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #21–23, 2009)
 "Matter of Trust" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #24, 2009)
 "Turn to Stone" (with Fernando Pasarin and Derec Donovan, in No. 25, 2009)
The Mighty #1–12 (February 2009 – January 2010)
The Mighty (tpb, 304 pages, 2014, ) collects:
 "The New World" (with Keith Champagne and <mask>g, in No. 1, 2009)
 "New Blood" (with Keith Champagne and <mask>g, in No. 2, 2009)
 "Dirge" (with Keith Champagne and <mask>, in No. 3, 2009)
 "Everybody Pays" (with Keith Champagne and <mask>, in No. 4, 2009)
 "World Gone Wrong" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No.5, 2009)
 "Blue Moon" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 6, 2009)
 "Ring of Fire" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 7, 2009)
 "Wide Awake" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 8, 2009)
 "Chums" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 9, 2009)
 "Gates of Eden" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 10, 2009)
 "Twilight of the God" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No. 11, 2009)
 "And in the End" (with Keith Champagne and Chris Samnee, in No.12, 2010)
Blackest Night: Tales of the Corps limited series (July 2009)
Blackest Night: Tales of the Corps (hc, 176 pages, 2010, ) collects:
 "Tales of the Sinestro Corps: Mongul – For Your Love" (with Chris Samnee, in #1, 2009)
 "Tales of the Orange Lanterns: Blume Godhead" (with Tom Mandrake, in No. 2, 2009)
 "Tales of the Green Lantern Corps: Kilowog in New Blood" (with Chris Samnee, in #3, 2009)
 "Tales of the Green Lantern Corps: Arisia in Daddy's Girl" (with Mike Mayhew, in No. 3, 2009)
Blackest Night: Batman limited series (August 2009 – October 2009)
Blackest Night: Black Lantern Corps (hc, 256 pages, 2010, ) collects:
 "Who Burns Who" (with Ardian Syaf, in #1–3, 2009)
The Phantom Stranger vol. 2 No. 42, "Deadman Walking" (with Ardian Syaf, January 2010)
Brightest Day #0–24 (April 2010 – April 2011)
Volume 1 (hc, 256 pages, 2010, ) collects:
 "Carpe Diem" (with Geoff Johns and Fernando Pasarin, in No. 0, 2010)
 "Second Chances" (with among other artists, in No. 1, 2010)
 "Nuclear Options" (with among other artists, in No.2, 2010)
 "Revelations" (with among other artists, in No. 3, 2010)
 "Thresholds" (with among other artists, in No. 4, 2010)
 "Under Pressure" (with among other artists, in No. 5, 2010)
 "Dead Zone" (with among other artists, in No. 6, 2010)
 "The Secret of Life, Part One" (with among other artists, in No. 7, 2010)
Volume 2 (hc, 240 pages, 2011, ) collects:
 "The Secret of Life, Part Two" (with among other artists, in #8, 2010)
 "Lost & Found" (with among other artists, in #9, 2010)
 "A Change is Gonna Come" (with among other artists, in #10, 2010)
 "Father's Day" (with among other artists, in #11, 2010)
 "All This Useless Beauty" (with among other artists, in #12, 2010)
 "Under a Blood Red Sky" (with among other artists, in #13, 2010)
 "Acrobats" (with Geoff Johns, Ivan Reis and Joe Prado, in No. 14, 2010)
 "Whatever Happened to the Manhunter from Mars?"(with Geoff Johns, Patrick Gleason and Scott Clark, in No. 15, 2010)
 "Short Fuse"

masks:
Peter J
. Tomasi
Peter Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Tomasi
Peter S
Peter Snejbjer
Peter Snejbjer
Peter Snebg
Peter Snejbg


title: Peter Tomasi

texts:
 (with among other artists, in No. 11, 2011)
 "The Beast" (with Chris Batista, in No. 12, 2011)
 "2011: A Space Oddity" (with Ron Frenz, in No. 13, 2011)
Superman/Batman No. 75, "We can be Heroes" (with Gene Ha, August 2010)
Batman and Robin #20–22 (February–April 2011)
"Dark Knight vs. White Knight: Tree of Blood" (with Patrick Gleason, in #20–22, 2011) collected in Dark Knight Vs. White Knight (hc, 208 pages, 2012, )
Green Lantern Super Spectacular, "New Blood" (with Chris Samnee, May 2011)
Green Lantern Movie Prequel: Kilowog, one-shot, "To Build a Better Lantern" (with Carlos Ferreira, July 2011)
Green Lantern Corps vol. 3 #1–20 (September 2011 – May 2013)
Volume 1: Fearsome (hc, 160 pages, 2012, ) collects:
 "Triumph of the Will" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #1, 2011)
 "Willful" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #2, 2011)
 "Force of Will" (with Geraldo Borges, in No.3, 2011)
 "Prisoners of War" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 4, 2011)
 "Mean Machine" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 5, 2012)
 "Fearsome" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 6, 2012)
 "Rendering Honor" (with Claude St. Aubin, in No. 7, 2012)
Volume 2: Alpha War (hc, 192 pages, 2013, ) collects:
 "Alpha War" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #8, 2012)
 "Alpha War: Tried and True" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #9, 2012)
 "Alpha War: Executioner's Song" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #10, 2012)
 "Alpha-War: Brilliant Mistakes" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #11, 2012)
 "The Conclusion of Alpha Wars: Meditations in Green" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #12, 2012)
 "Freshman" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #0, 2012)
Volume 3: Willpower (hc, 256 pages, 2013, ) collects:
 "Rise of the Third Army: Torn" (with Carlos Urbano, in No. 13, 2012)
 "Rise of the Third Army: Nothing Man" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #14, 2012)
 "Rise of the Third Army: Falling Star" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #15, 2012)
 "Rise of the Third Army: Bad Guys" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #16, 2013)
 "Rise of the Third Army: Rise of the First Lantern" (with ChrisCross, in Annual No. 1, 2013)
 "Wrath of the First Lantern Part 2: Decimated" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No.17, 2013)
 "Wrath of the First Lantern Part 6: Pieces of You" (with ChrisCross, in No. 18, 2013)
 "Wrath of the First Lantern Part 10: Willing" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 19, 2013)
 "Wrath of the First Lantern Epiligue: Coda" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #20, 2013)
Batman and Robin vol. 2 #1–40, 23.1, Annual #1–2 (September 2011 – March 2015)
Volume 1: Born to Kill (hc, 192 pages, 2012, ) collects:
 "Born to Kill" (with Patrick Gleason, in #1, 2011)
 "Bad Blood" (with Patrick Gleason, in #2, 2011)
 "Knightmoves" (with Patrick Gleason, in #3, 2011)
 "Matter of Trust" (with Patrick Gleason, in #4, 2011)
 "Mutineer" (with Patrick Gleason, in #5, 2012)
 "The Real Me" (with Patrick Gleason, in #6, 2012)
 "Driven" (with Patrick Gleason, in #7, 2013)
 "Born to Kill: Black Dawn" (with Patrick Gleason, in #8, 2013)
Volume 2: Pearl (hc, 176 pages, 2013, ) collects:
 "Someday Never Comes" (with Patrick Gleason, in #0, 2012)
 "Night of the Owls: Robin Hears a Hoo" (with Lee Garbett and Andy Clarke, in No. 9, 2012)
 "Terminus: Scar of the Bat" (with Patrick Gleason, in #10, 2012)
 "Terminus Branded" (with Patrick Gleason, in #11, 2012)
 "Terminus: Last Gasp" (with Patrick Gleason, in #12, 2012)
 "Eclipsed" (with Patrick Gleason and Tomás Giorello, in No. 13, 2012)
 "Devoured" (with Patrick Gleason and Tomás Giorello, in No. 14, 2012)
Volume 3: Death of the Family (hc, 160 pages, 2013, ) collects:
 "Little Big Man" (with Patrick Gleason, in #15, 2012)
 "Cast a Giant Shadow" (with Patrick Gleason, in #16, 2013)
 "Life Is But A Dream" (with Patrick Gleason, in #17, 2013)
 "The Punchline" (by Scott Snyder and Greg Capullo, in Batman No.17, 2013)
 "Batman Impossible" (with Ardian Syaf, in Annual No. 1, 2013)
Volume 4: Requiem for Damian (hc, 176 pages, 2014, ) collects:
 "Undone" (with Patrick Gleason, in #18, 2013)
 "Denial" (with Patrick Gleason, in #19, 2013)
 "Rage" (with Patrick Gleason and Cliff Richards, in No. 20, 2013)
 "The Bargain" (with Cliff Richards, in No. 21, 2013)
 "Despair" (with Patrick Gleason, in No. 22, 2013)
 "Acceptance" (with Patrick Gleason, in No. 3, 2015)
 "A Boy's Life" (with Ian Bertram, in Secret Origins vol. 3 No.4, 2014)
G.I. Combat vol. 2 #5–7, "Mettle" (with Howard Chaykin, October–December 2012) collected in Volume 1: The War That Time Forgot (tpb, 256 pages, 2013, )
Batman vol. 2 #23.4: Bane, "Dark Destiny" (with Graham Nolan, September 2013)
Detective Comics vol. 2 #23.3, 27, 45–46, 48–52 (September 2013 – July 2016)
 "City of Fear" (with Szymon Kudranski, in #23.3: The Scarecrow, 2013)
 "Better Days" (with Ian Bertram, in No. 27, 2014) collected in Volume 5: Gothtopia (tpb, 208 pages, 2008, )
Volume 8: Blood of Heroes (hc, 192 pages, 2016, ) collects:
 "Of Giants and Men" (with Marcio Takara, in No. 45, 2015)
 "Blood on Blood" (with Marcio Takara, in No.46, 2015)
Volume 9: Gordon at War (hc, 176 pages, 2016, ) collects:
 "The Bronze Age – Blood of Heroes" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #48, 2016)
 "The Bronze Age – Salt of the Earth" (with Fernando Pasarin, in #49, 2016)
 "The Bronze Age – Martyrs and Madmen" (with Fernando Pasarin and Scot Eaton, in No. 50, 2016)
 "Our Gordon at War" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 51, 2016)
 "Untitled" (with Fernando Pasarin, in No. 52, 2016)
Forever Evil: Arkham War #1–6 (limited series) (October 2013 – April 2014)
Forever Evil: Arkham War (tpb, 200 pages, 2014, ) collects:
 "Arkham War: Batman Death March" (Scot Eaton, in #1, 2013)
 "Arkham War: The Bane Mutiny" (Scot Eaton, in #2, 2013)
 "Arkham War: Das Bat!" (Scot Eaton, in #3, 2013)
 "Arkham War: Empire of the Bat" (Scot Eaton, in #4, 2014)
 "Arkham War: Evolution" (Scot Eaton, in #5, 2014)
 "Arkham War: World War Gotham" (Scot Eaton, in #6, 2014)
 "Batman vs. Bane: Black Dawn" (Scot Eaton, in Forever Evil Aftermath: Batman vs. Bane, 2014)
Superman/Wonder Woman #13–29 (November 2014 – July 2016)
Volume 3: Casualties of War (hc, 144 pages, 2015, ) collects:
 "Battlefield of Love" (with Doug Mahnke, in #13, 2014)
 "All that Burns" (with Doug Mahnke, in #14, 2014)
 "Dark Testament" (with Dough Mahnke and Ed Benes, in No. 15, 2015)
 "Vengeance So Dear" (with Dough Mahnke and Ed Benes, in No. 16, 2015)
 "Casualties of War" (with Dough Mahnke and Ed Benes, in No.17, 2015)
Volume 4: Dark Truth (hc, 192 pages, 2016, ) collects:
 "Dark Truth" (with Dough Mahnke, in #18–20, 2015)
 "Lies" (with Dough Mahnke, in #21, 2015)
 "Heart of the Sun" (with Dough Mahnke, in #22, 2015)
 "Ravenous" (with Dough Mahnke, in #23, 2015)
 "Power Hungry" (with Dough Mahnke, Ardian Syaf and Tom Derenick in No. 24, 2015)
Volume 5: A Savege End (hc, 208 pages, 2016, ) collects:
 "A God Somewhere" (with Dough Mahnke, in #25, 2016)
 "Skyfall" (with Dough Mahnke, in #26, 2016)
 "Slam Bang" (with Cliff Richards, in #27, 2016)
 "The Final Days of Superman, Part 4: Last Kiss" (with Ed Benes, in #28, 2016)
 "The Final Days of Superman, Part 7: Fire Line" (with Jorge Jiménez, in No. 29, 2016)
Batman: Arkham Knight #1–12, Annual No. 1 (March 2015 – December 2015)
Volume 1 (hc, 144 pages, 2015, ) collects:
 "Death of a Rival" (with Viktor Bogdanovic, in No. 1, 2015)
 "The Last Will and Testament of the Joker" (with Viktor Bogdanovic, in No. 2, 2015)
 "You Can Fight City Hall" (with Ig Guara, in No. 3, 2015)
 "Need for Speed" (with Robson Rocha, in No.4, 2015)
 "Roadkill" (with Viktor Bogdanovic, in No. 4, 2015)
 "Bane of Existence" (with Viktor Bogdanovic and Ig Guara, in #5–6, 2015)
Volume 2 (hc, 144 pages, 2016, ) collects:
 "Who Wants To Kill A Billionaire?" (with Viktor Bogdanovic and Ig Guara, in #7–8, 2015)
 "Suicide Blues" (with Ig Guara and Viktor Bogdanovic, in #9, 2015)
 "Burning the Days" (with Ig Guara and Viktor Bogdanovic, in #10, 2015)
 "Scare Tactics" (with Ig Guara and Viktor Bogdanovic, in #11–12, 2015–2016)
 "Fear City" (with Stephen Segovia, in Annual No. 1, September 2015)
 "The Apprentice" (with Robson Rocha, in Robin Special, November 2015)
Batman: Arkham Knight Genesis (six-issue limited series, with Alisson Borges and Dexter Soy, August 2015 – January 2016, collected in Batman: Arkham Knight Genesis, hc, 144 pages, 2016, )
Justice League: Darkseid War: Batman, one-shot, "God Only Knows" (with Fernando Pasarin, October 2015)
Superman Annual No. 3, "Savage Dawn" (with various artists, December 2015) collected in Superman: Savage Dawn (hc, 200 pages, 2016, )
Superman vol. 3 #51–52 (with Mikel Janín and Miguel Sepulveda, June–July 2016)
Action Comics vol. 2 #51–52 (with Paul Pelletier, Dale Eaglesham and Scot Eaton, June–July 2016)
Batman/Superman #31–32 (with Doug Mahnke, June–July 2016)
Superman: Rebirth #1 (co-written with Patrick Gleason, August 2016)
Superman vol.4 #1–25, 27-28, 33-39, 42-45, Annual #1, Special #1  (co-written with Patrick Gleason, August 2016 – July 2018)
Super Sons #1–16, Annual #1 (with Jorge Jimenez, April 2017 – July 2018)
Batman:The Merciless #1 (with Francis Manapul, December 2017)
Action Comics #1000 (with Patrick Gleason, June 2018)
Super Sons / Dynomutt Special No. 1 (with Fernando Pasarin, July 2018)
Superman Special No. 1 (with Patrick Gleason, July 2018)
Adventures of the Super Sons #1–12 (with Carlo Barberi, October 2018 – September 2019)
Detective Comics vol. 1 #994-1033, Annual #2-3 (with Doug Mahnke among other artists, February 2019 - February 2021)

Dark Horse Comics
House of Penance (with Ian Bertram and Dave Stewart, 2017)

References

External links

<mask> at Mike's Amazing World of Comics

American comics writers
Comic book editors
DC Comics people
Living people
1967


title: Lowell Bergman

texts:
<mask> (born July 24, 1945) is the Emeritus Reva and David Logan Distinguished Chair in Investigative Reporting at the Graduate School of Journalism at UC Berkeley and founder of the Investigative Reporting Program, where he taught lecture classes and then seminars dedicated to investigative reporting for 28 years. He was also a producer/correspondent for the PBS documentary series Frontline. <mask>’s career spans nearly five decades, most notably as a producer, a reporter and then the director of investigative reporting at ABC News and as a producer for CBS's 60 Minutes leaving in 1998 as the senior producer of investigations for CBS News. In 2019, <mask> retired after a 50-year career in journalism. The story of his investigation into the tobacco industry was chronicled in Michael Mann’s The Insider, which was nominated for seven Academy Awards. <mask> was portrayed by Al Pacino. From 1999 to 2008, <mask> was an investigative correspondent for The New York Times.He forged a partnership between The Times and PBS Frontline in 1999 creating collaborative investigative projects using broadcast, print and the Web. <mask> has received honors for both print and broadcasting, including the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, awarded to The New York Times in 2004 for "A Dangerous Business" which detailed a record of worker safety violations coupled with the systematic violation of environmental laws in the cast-iron sewer and water pipe industry. That story is the only winner of the Pulitzer Prize to also be acknowledged with every major award in broadcasting. The recipient of numerous Emmys, <mask> has also been honored with six Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Silver and Golden Baton awards, three Peabodys, two Harvard Goldsmith Awards for Investigative Reporting, a Polk Award, the RFK Grand Prize, a Sidney Hillman Award for Labor Reporting, a Bart Richards Award for Media Criticism, the National Press Club’s Arthur Rowse Award for Press Criticism, a Mirror Award from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University, and the James Madison Freedom of Information Award for Career Achievement from the Society of Professional Journalists. <mask> was named one of the 30 most notable investigative reporters in the United States, according to Christopher H. Sterling’s six-volume Encyclopedia of Journalism. Through the non-profit production company, Investigative Studios, he has continued to work on documentaries and documentary series serving as Co-Executive Producer with Brian Knappenberger on Netflix’s The Trials of Gabriel Fernandez and as Executive Producer and reporter on Agents of Chaos, a co-production with Alex Gibney’s Jigsaw Productions, and is currently at work on a number of documentary series and a book.Early life and career
<mask>'s grandmother was the first secretary-treasurer of a ILGWU local in New York; his grandfather was also a founder. His father, <mask>, emigrated to the U.S. from Hungary via Cuba in 1938. His mother was born in the United States and had a career in the fashion industry, taught gourmet cooking and then managed 48 apartment units in Mt. Vernon, NY until she passed away at 101 in 2019. <mask> graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with Honors, in Sociology and History, and was a graduate fellow in philosophy at the University of California, San Diego, where he studied under Herbert Marcuse. In 1969, he co-founded San Diego Free Press (later San Diego Street Journal), an alternative newspaper, with several fellow students. <mask> and others including a former UCSD undergraduate student Richard "Black Dick" Blackburn instigated the probe which later toppled the San Diego financial empire of C. Arnholt Smith, President and CEO of U.S. National Bank in San Diego.<mask> went on to contribute to Ramparts and The San Francisco Examiner. He later worked as an associate editor at Rolling Stoneand as a correspondent for The New York times from 1999 to 2008. His work for The New York Times included guiding its first documentary partnerships with PBS' Frontline, covering the energy crisis in California in print and film along with coverage of Al Qaeda both before and after 9/11. Those films and print coverage garnered numerous awards. In 1977, <mask> helped found the Center for Investigative Reporting. He was part of the reporting team that continued the work of Arizona Republic reporter Don Bolles, who was assassinated in 1976 while investigating land fraud committed by organized crime. Television career
From 1978 until 1983, <mask> was a producer, reporter and then in charge of investigative reporting at ABC News.He was one of the original producers of 20/20. In 1983, <mask> joined CBS News as a producer for the weekly newsmagazine 60 Minutes and its lead correspondent, Mike Wallace. Over the course of 14 years, he produced more than 50 stories, ranging from exposes of organized crime, international arms dealing featuring Sarkis Soghanalian, then the world's main supplier to Saddam Hussein, and others to international drug trafficking in Venezuela involving the CIA to the Iran-Iraq and Persian Gulf wars. His five stories on California's then expanding prison system including the super max at Pelican Bay revealed everything from the horrors of solitary confinement to the staging of "gladiator" matches by its correctional officers. He also produced the first U.S. television interviews with Lebanon's Hezbollah leadership in the early 1990s, when they were considered the world's most dangerous terrorists. The story of <mask>'s investigation of the tobacco industry for 60 Minutes was chronicled in the 1999 feature film The Insider, in which <mask> was played by Al Pacino. The success of the film and its allegedly negative characterization of 60 Minutes correspondent Mike Wallace and producer Don Hewitt, led to <mask>'s virtual blacklisting from the show, according to <mask> himself.Reporting across multiple platforms
An early adopter and advocate of the multimedia model, <mask> forged an alliance between The New York Times and Frontline after leaving network news in the late 1990s. The collaboration resulted in a series of stories including California's energy crisis; the country's war on drugs; the rise of Islamic fundamentalism; the roots of 9/11; the credit card and gold industries; the post-9/11 hunt for "sleeper cells" in America; and Al Qaeda's recent attacks in Europe. It also yielded a number of award-winning projects—all with print, broadcast, and online components. Extensive web sites prepared in large part by students in <mask>'s seminar have accompanied many of these projects, i.e. : "Secret History of the Credit Card", "Al Qaeda's New Front", "The Enemy Within", "The Real CSI" and "News War". Drawing on more than 80 interviews with key figures in the print, broadcast and electronic media, and with unequaled, behind-the-scenes access to some of today's most important news organizations, "News War" examined the challenges facing the mainstream news media and the media's reaction. The Poynter Institute has called these sites a “prime example of what many who touted "convergence journalism" hoped might happen—journalism that leverages the strengths of each media to tell a more complete story than any one media could tell on its own.”

Collaborating with other New York Times reporters, <mask> helped produce a series of in-depth articles detailing the financial arrangements between Vice President Dick Cheney and Halliburton, both before and after his retirement as CEO of that firm to re-enter politics.Awards and honors
<mask> has received top honors in both print and broadcasting. The New York Times won the 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service, citing "the work of David Barstow and <mask> that relentlessly examined death and injury among American workers and exposed employers who break basic safety rules." The series, "A Dangerous Business", detailed a record of egregious worker safety violations coupled with the systematic violation of environmental laws in the iron sewer and water pipe industry. That story, which appeared as both a print series and a documentary, is the only winner of the Pulitzer Prize also to be acknowledged with every major award in broadcasting. In May 2006, <mask> was named the Reva and David Logan Distinguished Professor at the University of California, Berkeley's Graduate School of Journalism. He is the recipient of numerous Emmys and other honors including six Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University silver and golden awards, three Peabodys, a Writers Guild Award, the National Press Club's Consumer Journalism Award for Television on the credit card industry, a George Polk Award, a Sidney Hillman award for labor reporting, and the James Madison Freedom of Information Award for Career Achievement from the Society of Professional Journalists. Academic highlights
In addition to being a mentor to a generation of journalists from around the world, working with and directing them on major investigations, <mask> also serves as the conduit between student projects and their publication in some of the country’s top media outlets.Projects produced out of his investigative reporting seminars at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley have reached mass audiences and have had significant impact, appearing on national television, including PBS' Frontline and Frontline/World, as well as ABC's '20/20', Nightline, CBS Evening News, and 60 Minutes II; and in print, where students have been the primary authors or contributors of stories that have appeared in the pages of The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, "The Washington Post", and San Francisco Chronicle, as well as a wide variety of magazines, The Atlantic, and international and local newspapers. This work, especially in recent years, demonstrated that investigative reporting written and produced by students – and guided by veteran reporters – can help raise the standards of journalism nationally. <mask> also helps in securing financial support from both private donors and foundations for travel and research expenses that facilitate the students’ work. In addition to being the first President of the Center for Investing Reporting in 1997, he was a consultant involved in the creation of Pro Publica thirty years later as well as being founder of the Investigative Reporting Program {IRP} at UC Berkeley in 2006. His served as Executive Director and Chairman of the Board of the then UC, Berkeley affiliated Investigative Studios, a non profit production company until late 2019. Investigative Studios and the IRP helped support Russian journalists in the creation of an independent newsroom, The Bell,  on the ground in Moscow. In May 2007, <mask> established three annual Fellowships in Investigative Reporting at UC Berkeley.This year-long program is without peer at any academic institution in the nation and is designed to nurture young journalists who want to pursue a career in in-depth public service reporting by providing them with a salary, benefits and editorial guidance. "With the economics of major news organizations deteriorating," said <mask>, "this kind of public interest journalism involving time-consuming investigative work is endangered as never before. These fellowships will provide both a refuge and a base of operations for a new generation of investigative reporters. The program had is last group of fellows in residence through 2020. " Interviews
 "Smoke In The Eye: a Talk With <mask>", PBS Frontline (1999). "There's a major difference between All The President's Men and The Insider", <mask> has said of the comparison between the 1976 film on Watergate and Hollywood's new version of the events depicted in Frontline's report, "Smoke in the Eye". "In All the President's Men, the editors and reporters are heroes.That's not the case here." "Long March through the Institution" of Television Journalism; Conversation with <mask>. Part of the "Conversations with History" series, Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley with Harry Kreisler, (2001)
 On September 27, 2006, <mask> appeared on The Colbert Report. On February 27, 2007, <mask> was interviewed by Terry Gross of WHYY's Fresh Air about the Frontline documentary "News War: Secrets, Spin and the Future of the News." The four-part series, which <mask> co-produced, is about the mainstream news media and the political, legal and economic forces acting on it. The third installment looks at how the pressure for profits and shifting advertising dollars are affecting the news business. On February 27, 2007, <mask> was interviewed for the What's happening to the news?segment by Marketplace's Kai Ryssdal about how the Internet has changed journalism. On June 11, 2007, <mask> was interviewed by George Stroumboulopoulos for CBC Television's news magazine, The Hour''. On January 26, 2009, <mask> discussed Halliburton's record $560 million settlement with the Justice Department and the SEC for violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act with NPR's All Things Considered. <mask>'s documentary on bribery in international commerce will air on PBS "Frontline"  April 7, 2009. References

External links

 <mask>'s home page at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism. CNN on The Insider, (November 1999). A chronology of the 60 Minutes decision not to air the tobacco industry exposé.(1999). American investigative journalists
American journalism academics
University of California, Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism faculty
The New York Times writers
Television producers from California
University of California, San Diego alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
People from Madison, Wisconsin
1945 births
Living people
Television producers from New York City

masks:
Lowell Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Alex Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Lowell Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Lowell Bergman
Lowell Bergman
Lowell Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Bergman
Lowell Bergman


title: Éric Ciotti

texts:
<mask> (born 28 September 1965) is a French politician who has represented the 1st constituency of Alpes-Maritimes in the National Assembly since 2007. A member of The Republicans (LR), he sought the party's nomination for the 2022 presidential election at its 2021 congress; he placed first in the first round of voting but was defeated by Valérie Pécresse in the second round. <mask> previously briefly served as First Deputy Mayor of Nice under Mayor Christian Estrosi in 2008, before he assumed the presidency of the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes from 2008 to 2017. Political career

Early career in local politics
<mask> was elected to the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes in 2008 in Saint-Martin-Vésubie following the resignation of incumbent councillor Gaston Franco. He was elected by his peers to the body's presidency the same year, succeeding Nice Mayor Christian Estrosi. <mask> had previously failed to be elected in the canton of Nice-1 in the 2008 cantonal election, having been defeated by incumbent Socialist Marc Concas. Following the 2015 departmental election, in which he was elected in Tourrette-Levens, the Departmental Council of Alpes-Maritimes replaced the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes.After the adoption of a new law organising cumul des mandats restrictions, <mask> resigned the presidency in 2017 while keeping his councillor mandate. Member of the National Assembly, 2007–present

<mask> was elected to the National Assembly during the 2007 election; he was reelected in 2012 and 2017. In parliament, <mask> has been serving on the Committee on Legal Affairs since 2007. Since 2017, he has also been a quaestor and therefore part of the Assembly's Bureau in the 15th legislature of the French Fifth Republic, under the leadership of president Richard Ferrand. He recently recognized having had an affair with Nadine Morano while in office. Ahead of the UMP's 2012 leadership election, <mask> managed François Fillon's campaign. When Fillon's opponent Jean-François Copé eventually won, <mask> was one of more than 50 party members who threatened to form a new centre-right caucus within the UMP parliamentary group under the leadership of Fillon.In September 2014, <mask> joined Fillon, Étienne Blanc, Pierre Lellouche and Valérie Pécresse on an official trip to Iraq. Ahead of the Republicans' 2016 primaries, <mask> managed former President Nicolas Sarkozy's campaign for the presidential nomination, alongside Catherine Vautrin. Also in 2016, he formally requested that prosecutors investigate President François Hollande over a potential breach of security allowing revelations that Hollande disclosed classified information to journalists. Amid the Fillon affair, <mask> succeeded Gérald Darmanin as deputy of the Republicans' secretary general Bernard Accoyer and subsequently became a vocal defender of Fillon as the party's candidate for the 2017 presidential election. When magistrates put Fillon under formal investigation on suspicion of embezzling state funds, Ciotti publicly state "I trust and support Francois Fillon more than ever". When Fillon called on members to vote for Emmanuel Macron in the second round of the election against Marine Le Pen, Ciotti refused to endorse Macron. In The Republicans' 2017 leadership election, Ciotti endorsed Laurent Wauquiez.In 2018, Wauquiez included him in his shadow cabinet; in this capacity, he served as opposition counterpart to Minister of the Interior Christophe Castaner. In 2020, <mask> became the Parliament's rapporteur on how the government handled the COVID-19 pandemic in France. In 2021, <mask> announced his intention to run as The Republicans's candidate in the 2022 presidential election. <mask> narrowly placed first at the 2021 The Republicans congress and proceeded to the primary second round, in which he was defeated by Valérie Pécresse. Political positions

Domestic policy
In 2019, Ciotti successfully added an amendment to an education bill to make it mandatory for classrooms to display both a French and European Union flag in all classrooms. In 2020, Ciotti proposed a bill to the National Assembly which would prohibit the dissemination of images depicting functions of the national police, municipal police, military and customs officers; with a maximum penalty of 15,000 euros and a year in prison for violators. For the Marianne magazine, <mask> <mask> joined Marine Le Pen's positions on security, identity, immigration and Islamism, sharing with her "an ethnic and identity-based vision of the nation".He thus proposes to change the nationality code in order to abolish the jus soli in favour of the jus sanguinis alone, to include in the Constitution "our Christian origins", as well as to accentuate security policies (creation of 100,000 additional prison places, lowering of the criminal majority to 16 years, suppression of family allowances to "parents of children who do not respect the values of the Republic"). He seems to adhere to the Great Replacement theory; in 2021, he stated "our society is changing, if we have to talk about 'great replacement', I talk about 'replacement'". In 2021, he stated that "what differentiates [The Republicans] from the National Rally is our capacity to govern. In the face of Islamic terrorism, he advocated the creation of a "French-style Guantanamo", where Camembert cheese would be used to re-educate, and the adoption of "specially adapted laws, like the Patriot Act in the United States. On economic issues, he defends, as part of his candidacy for the primary of his party for the presidential election of 2022, the elimination of 250,000 positions in the civil service, the return to 39 hours as the legal duration of working time, raising the retirement age to 65, the lowering of corporate taxes, the abolition of inheritance tax as well as the reduction of unemployment benefits and social assistance. Foreign policy
During his presidential campaign in 2021, Ciotti argued that France should reassert itself by leaving NATO's integrated command. He claims an "immense admiration" for the state of Israel and wants the recognition of Jerusalem as the unified capital of that country, as well as the transfer of the French embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, in order to "break with a form of diplomatic tradition that is globally pro-Arab" of France.Other activities
 French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons (OFPRA), Member of the Board of Directors

References

1965 births
Living people
21st-century French politicians
French people of Italian descent
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
The Republicans (France) politicians
Sciences Po alumni
People from Nice
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 15th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Departmental councillors (France)
Presidents of French departments

masks:
Éric Ciotti
Ciotti
Éric Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Ciotti
Éric
Ciotti


title: Lewis Grizzard

texts:
<mask>. (October 20, 1946 – March 20, 1994) was an American writer and humorist, known for his Southern demeanor and commentary on the American South. Although he spent his early career as a newspaper sports writer and editor, becoming the sports editor of the Atlanta Journal at age 23, he is much better known for his humorous newspaper columns in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He was also a popular stand-up comedian and lecturer. <mask> also published a total of 25 books, including collections of his columns (e.g. Chili Dawgs Always Bark at Night), expanded versions of his stand-up comedy routines (I Haven't Understood Anything Since 1962), and the autobiographical If I Ever Get Back to Georgia, I'm Gonna Nail My Feet to the Ground. Although much of his comedy discussed the South and <mask>'s personal and professional lives, it was also a commentary on issues prevalent throughout America, including relationships between men and women (e.g. If Love Were Oil, I'd Be About a Quart Low), politics, and health, especially heart health.<mask> was also the stepbrother of the Southern humorist Ludlow Porch. Biography
<mask> was born in Fort Benning, Georgia. His father, <mask>, Sr., was a soldier in the United States Army who served in both World War II and the Korean War, and was a sole survivor of a Chinese attack that wiped out his platoon. <mask>. left his wife Christine, a school teacher, when <mask>. was young, and mother and son moved in with Christine's parents in Moreland, Georgia, where <mask> spent the rest of his childhood. <mask> recounted his often frustrating relationship with his father in My Daddy Was a Pistol and I'm a Son of a Gun, and blamed his father's difficulties in civilian life on what at the time was called "battle fatigue" and is now called post-traumatic stress disorder, saying, "Daddy came home from his second war" (the Korean War) "a complete mess, the Army did nothing to help him, and he died young." He began his writing early, publishing stories of his Little League team in the nearby Newnan Times-Herald, Newnan, Georgia. <mask> attended the University of Georgia in Athens, where he was a member of the Sigma Pi fraternity and Gridiron Secret Society.During his time in Athens, he became an avid Georgia Bulldogs fan. He studied journalism, but he shunned the school newspaper in favor of the independent Athens Daily News. Before graduating with an bachelor's degree in journalism, <mask> moved on to Atlanta, joining the Atlanta Journal, and becoming the youngest-ever executive sports editor of the Journal at the age of 23. The executive editor of the Journal, Jim Minter, said that had <mask> stayed there, he would be remembered today as one of the great newspaper editors of the 20th century. His time there included the Marshall University football team tragedy and the Journals coverage of Hank Aaron's 715th home run. <mask> then left to become the executive sports editor at the Chicago Sun-Times. He later recalled this as the most miserable period of his life.His tenure included a controversy involving the removal of several news columns written by Lacy Banks, the Sun-Times first African-American sports columnist, from the newspaper, which resulted in Banks charging racism against <mask> and led to Banks's subsequent firing. Although the newspaper, under editor Jim Hoge, supported Grizzard, a federal arbitrator reinstated Banks, and he criticized <mask> as "racially insensitive". <mask>, for his part, contended that the arbitrator did not understand the newspaper business, and he pointed out that he had replaced Banks with Thom Greer, a writer who was also African-American. <mask> felt this invalidated any charge of racism. One Chicago radio announcer who sympathized with <mask> said that Grizzard had been pronounced "guilty by geography". Grizzard was also divorced for the second time while living in Chicago. <mask>'s career as a newspaper man in Chicago is recalled in If I Ever Get Back to Georgia, I'm Gonna Nail My Feet to the Ground.In 1977, <mask> returned to Atlanta as a columnist for the sports section of the Atlanta Constitution newspaper. After eight months, he switched to writing the humor/life column that eventually made him famous. He published this column about four days per week. At his peak, he was syndicated in 450 newspapers and making regular appearances on television and the stand-up comedy circuit. His popularity in Atlanta was such that the alternative newspaper Creative Loafing, in its annual "Best of Atlanta" poll, included the categories "Best Columnist" and "Best Columnist besides <mask>". <mask> often drew criticism for his disparaging remarks about gay people and feminists, and his dislike for the New South and reflections on the "Old South" of his youth were frequently misinterpreted. Nevertheless, he was extremely popular in the South, and he had enduring popularity across the nation because of the perceived humor, humanity, patriotism, and "old-fashioned" values that permeated his writing.His frequent bewilderment by sociocultural trends in the 1980s and 1990s struck a chord with many baby boom readers. <mask> refused to use computers, writing every column or book on a regular typewriter. ("When I write, I like to hear some noise", he wrote.) In 1988, <mask> made his acting debut on the sitcom Designing Women, in the episode "Oh Brother", which first aired on 18 January 1988. <mask> played the role of Clayton Sugarbaker, the half-brother of Julia and Suzanne Sugarbaker. Clayton was a former mental patient aspiring to be a stand-up comedian. <mask> had a somewhat troubled life, battling alcoholism, and going through three divorces.He was voted "the Author From Hell" at a publishing convention for his behavior on book tours. He also suffered from a congenital heart defect — a valve problem. In his own words, "There are three little leaflets that control the flow of blood to the heart. I was born with only two of those leaflets. It was just after the Great War, so there may have been a shortage. Either that or my daddy didn't get a good toe-hold." His near-death after his third valve-replacement surgery in 1993 brought in over 50,000 letters from well-wishers.He later attributed his miraculous recovery to the prayers of his fans. A few days after marrying for the fourth time, <mask> died of complications of his fourth heart-valve surgery. Prior to his surgery, he was asked if he had any questions; his reply: "I just have one question: When's the next bus to Albuquerque?" As a result of the surgery, <mask> suffered from brain damage, according to one report, from lack of oxygen to his brain. Had he survived, he would have been quite impaired. In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated, and some of his ashes were scattered at the 50-yard line of the Sanford Stadium at the University of Georgia. The typewriter he used to author columns about the Atlanta Braves' 1991 "worst to first" season is on display in the library of the University of Georgia's Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication.<mask> never fathered any children, but he did adopt Jordan, the daughter of his fourth wife. A <mask>zard Museum, featuring personal effects and professional memorabilia such as his typewriter, is now open in Moreland, Georgia. Originally housed in a gas station by a fan, it has been moved to a new, two-story museum complex (the former Moreland Mill). Published works
Kathy Sue Loudermilk, I Love You: A Good Beer Joint Is Hard to Find and Other Facts of Life (1 December 1979) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
Won't You Come Home, Billy Bob Bailey? : An Assortment of Home-Cooked Journalism for People Who Wonder Why Clean Underwear Doesn't Grow on Trees (1 November 1980) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
Glory! Glory! Georgia's 1980 Championship Season: The Inside Story (1981) (Loran Smith with <mask>)
Don't Sit Under the Grits Tree With Anyone Else but Me (1 November 1981) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
They Tore Out My Heart and Stomped That Sucker Flat (1 October 1982)
If Love Were Oil, I'd Be About a Quart Low (1 October 1983)
Elvis Is Dead and I Don't Feel So Good Myself (1 October 1984)
Shoot Low Boys - They're Riding Shetland Ponies (1 October 1985)
My Daddy Was a Pistol and I'm a Son of a Gun (1 October 1986)
When My Love Returns From the Ladies Room, Will I Be Too Old To Care?(1 October 1987) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
Don't Bend Over in the Garden, Granny - You Know Them Taters Got Eyes (1 October 1988)
<mask> on Fear of Flying (1 April 1989)
<mask>'s Advice To The Newly Wed ... & the Newly Divorced (1 April 1989)
Chili Dawgs Always Bark At Night (1 September 1989) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
Does a Wild Bear Chip in the Woods? (1 May 1990)
If I Ever Get Back to Georgia, I'm Gonna Nail My Feet to the Ground (1 October 1990)
Don't Forget To Call Your Momma; I Wish I Could Call Mine (1 April 1991)
You Can't Put No Boogie Woogie on the King of Rock and Roll (1 October 1991) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
I Haven't Understood Anything Since 1962 and Other Nekkid Truths (1 October 1992)
I Took a Lickin' and Kept on Tickin' and Now I Believe in Miracles (1 January 1994)

Posthumous collections
The Last Bus To Albuquerque (1 September 1994) (collection of columns previously published in The Atlanta Journal-Constitution)
It Wasn't Always Easy But I Sure Had Fun (1 November 1994) (collection of previously published material)
Life Is Like a Dogsled Team ... If You're Not the Lead Dog, the Scenery Never Changes — The Wit and Wisdom of <mask> (1 May 1995) (collection of previously published material)
Grizzardisms: The Wit and Wisdom of <mask> (1 June 1995) (collection of previously published material)
Southern by the Grace of God — <mask> Grizzard on the South (1 May 1996) (collection of previously published material)

Live comedy albums
On the Road With <mask> Grizzard (1985)
Live! (From Moreland to Moscow) (1986)
Let's Have a Party! With <mask> Grizzard (1987)
Addicted to Love (Live) (1989)
Don't Believe I'da Told That (1991)
The Best of <mask> Grizzard (1994) (collection of previously released material)
One Last Time (1994)
Alimony: The Bill You Get, for the Thrill You Got (1994)
Lewis Grizzard (2001) (collection of previously released material)
An Evening with Lewis Grizzard (2001) (DVD)

References

External links
Georgia Encyclopedia entry on Lewis Grizzard

1946 births
1994 deaths
American columnists
American humorists
American male journalists
American sportswriters
Writers from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Coweta County, Georgia
University of Georgia alumni
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution people
Chicago Sun-Times people
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Lewis McDonald Grizzard Jr
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis Sr
Lewis Jr
Lewis
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Grizzard
Lewisriz
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis Grizzard
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis


title: Lu You

texts:
<mask> (; 1125–1209) was a Chinese historian and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty (南宋). Career

Early life and marriage
<mask> was born on a boat floating in the Wei River early on a rainy morning, October 17, 1125 (Chinese calendar). At the time of his birth, China was divided and the Song dynasty in the northern part of the country had been invaded by the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty in the Jin–Song wars. The southern part of China continued to hold out as the Southern Song dynasty for another 150 years, but during <mask>'s entire life, the country was threatened by invasion from the north. He is known for his many patriotic poems. One year after his birth, the troops of the Jin dynasty conquered the capital of the Northern Song dynasty; his family fled to the south. <mask>'s family included government officials, and he received a good education.He was brought up to be patriotic, and grew up determined to expel the foreign Jurchen from the North and bring about the reunification of China under the Song dynasty. <mask> grew up with his cousin Tang Wan (唐琬), who was quiet but loved literature. They fell deeply in love and were married when he was 20. But they had no children, and his mother did not like Tang Wan. Though they had lived happily together, his mother forced them to divorce in order to make <mask> concentrate on studying to fulfill his aspiration of saving the Song dynasty. In traditional Chinese culture, children were required to obey their parents. <mask> loved his mother and reluctantly divorced Tang Wan.She later married a nobleman named Zhao Shicheng (趙士程), and he married a woman from the Wang clan (her personal name eludes most researchers). <mask> was sad after his first marriage broke up. One spring day, at age 31, eight years after their divorce, he passed by Shen's Garden (沈園) and by chance encountered Tang Wan and her husband. Tang Wan asked her husband to let her send a cup of wine to <mask>. When her hands passed the wine to him, he saw her eyes brimmed with tears. His heart was broken, and he drank the cup of bitter wine to the bottom. He turned away and on the spot wrote the poem "Fonqhwang Hairpinin" (Chai Tou Feng, 釵頭鳳)  on the wall of Shen's Garden.After this meeting with Tang Wan, <mask> went to the North to struggle against the foreign Jin dynasty, before returning to southern Shu (蜀, today's Sichuan) to pursue his dream of unifying China. When Tang Wan read <mask>'s poem in the garden, she immediately wrote one in the same form in response. Less than a year later, she died. In the year before <mask>'s death, at age 85, he wrote another poem called “Shen's Garden” to commemorate Tang Wan, his first love. A traditional Yue opera was written about <mask> and Tang Wan, and their love story is very famous in China. Official career

At age 12, <mask> was already an excellent writer, had mastered the skill of sword fighting, and had delved deeply into war strategy. At age 19, he took the civil service examination, but did not pass.Ten years later, he took it again; this time he not only passed it, he was the first winner in the Lin An region. But this triumph brought him trouble. Qin Sun, the grandson of the powerful Qin Hui (秦檜, a notorious aristocratic traitor in the Song Dynasty), had also taken the exam. <mask>'s win threatened Qin Sun's position, as <mask> was now likely to take first place in the next year's national examination. In fact, not only <mask>, but all the potential winners of the next year's nationwide competition were excluded, along with even some of the examination officers. After Qin Hui's death, <mask> started his official career in government. Because he avidly insisted on fighting against the Jin dynasty and did not follow the mainstream official lethargy on the subject, he was dismissed from his job.In 1172, he was hired to do strategic planning in the military. Military life opened his eyes and mind; he hoped to fulfill his aspiration of bringing a divided China back together. He wrote many unrestrained poems to express his passionate patriotism. But the Song Dynasty was by now corrupt and indolent; most officers just wanted to make a nice living; <mask> had no opportunity to deploy his talent. "Entering upon a public career by virtue of his father's services, he fell into disfavour with Qin Hui; but after the latter's death he received an appointment, and in 1163 the Emperor Xiaozong(孝宗) made him a Compiler for the Privy Council and conferred upon him the honorary degree of Jinshi(進士)." He was unsuccessful in his official career: he adopted a patriotic irredentist stance, advocating the expulsion of the Jurchen from northern China, but this position was out of tune with the times. In 1175, Fan Chengda(范成大) asked him to join his party.They shared literary interests, and now behaved casually in official society. <mask> felt there was no place for him in official life, and started to become self-indulgent, enjoying drinking to forget his lack of success in his personal life and career pursuit. He gave himself the art name "Fangweng" (放翁), meaning "Liberated Old Man", and was sarcastic about himself in his poems. After several promotions and demotions, <mask> retired in 1190 to live in seclusion in his hometown Shaoxing (紹興, now in Zhejiang province), then a rural area. He spent the last twenty years of his life there. <mask> enjoyed good health and liked eating pearl barley and tree-ear mushrooms. This habit kept his vision and hearing keen until death.During his retirement, he still ardently supported fighting against the Jin dynasty, but without success. His wife died in 1197. On December 29, 1209 (Chinese calendar),  he died at age 86. His great regret was knowing that northern China was still in the control of the foreigners. Style
<mask> wrote about eleven thousand poems, in both the shi (詩) and ci (詞) forms, plus a number of prose works, which made him the poet who ranks the top in the list of numbers of the poems left before 15C. In his poetry he continues to articulate the beliefs which cost him his official career, calling for reconquest of the north. Watson identifies these works as part of the legacy of Du Fu (杜甫).Watson compares a second body of work, poems on country life and growing old, to those of Bai Juyi (白居易) and Tao Qian (陶潛). His style can be divided into three periods. First Period
The first Period of <mask>'s works is from his teenage years to age 46. This period, although the longest, contains the fewest of his works, about two hundred poems, because he himself destroyed his early works in his later years. Second Period
Second Period runs from age 46 to 54, including more than 2400 shi and ci. During this period, <mask> joined the military and was affected by that experience. Third Period
The third Period runs from the time <mask> retired to his home town until his death.He did not have time to edit his work, and 6500 poems survive from this period. His work in this period includes peaceful pastoral images as well as desolation and bleakness. Though his style changed throughout his life, his work is always full of patriotism. This is the most important feature of his poetry, and the major reason they have been valued for almost a thousand years. Books
《劍南詩稿》(Jian Nan Shi Gao, the draft of poems when holding a sword in the southern borders)
《渭南文集》(Wei Nan Wen Ji, the collection of proses in the south of the Wei River)
《放翁逸稿》(Fang Weng Yi Gao, the lost drafts of the Liberated Old Man)
 《南唐書》(Nan Tang Shu, Book of Southern Tang)
《老學庵筆記》(Lao Xue An Bi Ji, the notebook from the House of a Person Who Studies When He Is Old)
《放翁家訓》(Fang Weng Jia Xun, family precepts from the Liberated Old Man)
《家世舊文》(Jia Shi Jiu Wen, an old prose about the history of my family)

Poems

<mask> wrote many poems. One of his most famous is "To My Son" (示兒, Shi Er). This is how it goes:
 To My Son (示兒)

死去元知萬事空，
但悲不見九州同。
王師北定中原日，
家祭無忘告乃翁。

All turns to dust in my dying eyes,
only hatred is that a unified land is not seen.When the day of the emperor's troops sweeping the North comes,
you must not forget to tell me at my tombstone. He composed this last poem when he was near death. What this poem means is that he does not mind not being able to take anything with him when he dies, but he is upset to see that China is still not united as a nation. He is telling his son that if this day ever comes, his family must not forget to go to his grave and tell him there. Rainstorm on the Eleventh month 4th (十一月四日風雨大作)

僵臥孤邨不自哀，
尚思爲國戍輪台。
夜闌臥聽風吹雨，
鐵馬冰河入夢來。

I slept stiff and alone in a lonely village without feeling self-pity. I am still thinking of fighting for my country. Deep into the night I lie down and hear the wind blowing the rain.The armored horses and the ice river came into my dream. This poem was written when <mask> was old and retired, but it shines with his patriotism and vivid depiction of the fighting scenes in the North. Fonqhwang Hairpin (釵頭鳳)

紅酥手，黃藤酒，
滿城春色宮墻柳。
東風惡，歡情薄，
一杯愁緒，幾年離索，錯，錯，錯。

萅如舊，人空瘦，
淚痕紅浥鮫綃透。
桃花落，閒池閣，
山盟雖在，錦書難托，莫，莫，莫。

Pink soft hands, yellow rippling wine,
The town is filled with Spring, willows by palace walls. The east wind is biting, happiness is thin,
heart full of sorrow, so many years apart. Wrong, Wrong, Wrong! Spring is as of old; the person is empty and thin. Traces of tears show through the sheer silk.Peach blossoms falling, glimmering pond freezing,
The huge oath remains, the brocade book is hard to hold. Don't, Don't, Don't! Note: The words "wrong" and "don't" rhyme in Chinese. This poem is about his real love story (see his marriage). In this poem, "Biting east wind" is a metaphor for traditional Chinese view about women. This view broke up his first marriage. "Brocade book", or "glorious/bright book," is another metaphor for his ambition of unifying China.But he doesn't seem to be successful in either of them (marriage and career). He also uses antithesis, which is very popular in Chinese poetry. It matches both sound and sense in two poetic lines, like "a heart of sorrow" pairing with "years apart" and "paramount promise" pairing "brocade book". The sounds match perfectly in Chinese. This poem falls in the first period of his works. Plum Blossom (卜算子-咏楳)

驛外斷橋邊
寂寞開無主
已是黃昏獨自愁
更著風和雨
無意苦爭春
一任群芳妒
零落成泥碾作塵
只有香如故

Near the broken bridge outside the fortress,
I go, lonely and disoriented. It is dusk and I am alone and anxious,
especially when the wind and rain start to blow.I do not mean to fight for Springtime,
I would rather be alone and envied by the crowd. I will fall down, become earth, be crushed to dust. My glory will be same as before. See also

Classical Chinese poetry
Song poetry

Further reading
Burton Watson (ed.) (1984), The Columbia Book of Chinese Poetry, Columbia University Press. .
Burton Watson (trans.) (1994), The old man who does as he pleases, Columbia University Press. .
 Philip Watson (trans.) (2007), Grand Canal, Great River: The Travel Diary of a Twelfth-century Chinese Poet, Frances Lincoln Publishers. .

Notes

References
Rexroth, Kenneth (1970).Love and the Turning Year: One Hundred More Poems from the Chinese. New York: New Directions. External links
 Lu You Poems

1125 births
1210 deaths
12th-century Chinese historians
12th-century Chinese poets
13th-century Chinese historians
13th-century Chinese poets
Chinese tea masters
Historians from Zhejiang
Song dynasty historians
Song dynasty poets
Poets from Zhejiang
Writers from Shaoxing

masks:
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title: Vern Smith (journalist)

texts:
<mask> (born 1892, date of death unknown) was an American left wing journalist who served in an editorial capacity for several publications of the Industrial Workers of the World and the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). <mask> is best remembered as the Moscow correspondent of the CPUSA's The Daily Worker during the middle-1930s. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born May 8, 1892, in Alila, California, the son of a dairy farmer. He attended public school in Tulare County and graduated as the valedictorian of his class. <mask> was also editor of his high school newspaper, a career skill which would ultimately serve him well in life. <mask>, one of 4 children, spent his youth working on the family farm in the San Joaquin Valley, leaving for university at the age of 20. <mask> attended the University of California at Berkeley, from which he graduated in 1916 with a Bachelor's degree in Economics.While at Berkeley, <mask> was the secretary of his school's chapter of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society and president of the California International Cosmopolitan Club. During the years of First World War, <mask> was a Second Lieutenant of the infantry in the Officers' Reserve, but was never ordered to active duty. He worked variously as a farm hand, construction worker, and storekeeper. Journalistic career

<mask> travelled east, working a job in the Kansas wheat fields. In 1921 he joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) as a member of Agricultural Workers' Industrial Union, No. 110. He later followed the harvest to Canada, before heading for Seattle, Washington, where he became editor of the IWW's west coast newspaper, The Industrial Worker.<mask> joined the local "Marxian Club" in Seattle in 1922. <mask> later recalled:

"I read Marx's Capital and decided that the Communists probably had the right idea and joined the Marxian Club. This club was a legal group in Seattle under the influence of the underground Communist Parties. I never got into the underground movement, but went with the club into the Workers Party when the club joined the Party in a body immediately after the organization of the Workers Party [in December 1921]." <mask> was one of three key members of the IWW to join the Communist movement, the others being Elizabeth Gurley Flynn and Harrison George. When the IWW turned against the Communists in 1922, <mask> remained in the union under the direction of the Workers Party in Seattle. <mask> remained as editor of the paper until June 1923, at which time the IWW sent him to Chicago to edit the organization's primary English-language newspaper, Industrial Solidarity.He was also the assistant manage of the IWW's Educational Bureau in 1924. <mask> was exposed as a secret member of the Workers (Communist) Party in 1926 and fired from his position as editor of Industrial Solidarity. He was immediately taken onto the staff of the Communist Party's daily newspaper, The Daily Worker, also published in Chicago at the time. When the paper moved to New York City in 1927, <mask> moved with it, remaining on the staff for the rest of the 1920s and throughout most of the 1930s, save for a 7-month period when he was made editor of Labor Unity, the monthly magazine of the Trade Union Unity League, an affiliate of the Communist Party. In 1931 <mask> was dispatched to Harlan County, Kentucky by The Daily Worker to cover the Harlan County War coal mine strikes. <mask> was arrested along with a number of strike organizers and relief workers, and was incarcerated for four months in the Harlan County jail, the last 31 days of which were in solitary confinement. In August 1933, <mask> was made the Moscow correspondent of The Daily Worker.During his stint there, he wrote two books highly favorable to the Soviet system, one dealing with coal miners in the Donets Basin and the other with workers in the Ukrainian collective farm village of Starosellye. <mask> returned to California after his time in Moscow, as labor editor and foreign editor of the CP's California newspaper, the Daily People's World. He also taught in San Francisco at the Tom Mooney Labor School, a Communist Party educational project. <mask> was expelled from the Communist Party in 1946 during the party's crackdown on so-called anti-revisionist left wing factional dissidents. Others included in this factional expulsion were Sam Darcy, William F. Dunne, and <mask>'s fellow editor at the Daily People's World, Harrison George. At least one contemporary memoirist has indicated that the core reason for this purge related to a bitter inner-Party battle among left wing members of the Machinists' Union embroiled in a bitter strike in San Francisco. Death and legacy

<mask> <mask>'s papers, primarily relating to his time as a member of the IWW, are located at the Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives in the Martin P. Catherwood Library at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.Footnotes

Works

Books and pamphlets

 The Frame-up System. New York: International Publishers, 1930. Miners in the Donbas. Moscow: Co-operative Publishing Society of Foreign Workers in the USSR, 1935. In a Collective Farm Village. Moscow: Co-operative Publishing Society of Foreign Workers in the USSR, 1936. History of the American Labor Movement, 1700-1943.San Francisco: Tom Mooney Labor School, n.d. [c. 1943]. Articles

 "The Roosevelt Program of Attack upon the Working Class," The Communist International, vol. 10 (September 15, 1933), pp. 596–603. "Beginnings of Revolutionary Political Action in the USA," The Communist, vol. 12, no. 10 (October 1933), pp.1039–1054. "Farmer-Labour Party Developments," International Press Correspondence, vol. 16 (May 16, 1936), pp. 626–627. "Trotsky Will Not Win American Labour," International Press Correspondence, vol. 17 (February 27, 1937), pp. 250–251.External links
 "Guide to the Vern <mask>, Collector. Industrial Workers of the World Files, 1916-1935," Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University. Retrieved February 19, 2010. 1892 births
American socialists
American Marxists
Industrial Workers of the World members
Members of the Communist Party USA
American newspaper editors
Year of death missing

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title: Woody Johnson

texts:
<mask> (born April 12, 1947) is an American businessman who was United States ambassador to the United Kingdom from 2017 to 2021. He is a great-grandson of <mask> I, and a billionaire heir to the Johnson & Johnson pharmaceutical fortune. In 2000, <mask> purchased the New York Jets, a franchise of the National Football League; <mask> remains the co-owner of the Jets, along with his brother, Christopher, who is vice-chairman. A longtime Republican Party donor, <mask> was a supporter of Donald Trump's presidential campaigns. He was appointed by Trump to the post of United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Britain’s exit from the EU and the relocation of the United States embassy in London occurred during his tenure. Early life, family, and education
<mask> is heir to the Johnson & Johnson pharmaceutical fortune, which was founded by his great-grandfather, <mask>. <mask> was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States, the son of Betty (Wold) and <mask>, who was president of Johnson & Johnson for four years.<mask> grew up with four siblings, <mask>, <mask>, Elizabeth "Libet" <mask>, and Christopher Wold <mask>, in northern New Jersey, and attended the Millbrook School. <mask> worked summer jobs at Johnson & Johnson. <mask> graduated from the University of Arizona. Career

Sports
In January 2000, <mask> purchased the New York Jets for $635 million, at the time the third-highest price for a professional sports team and the highest for a New York professional sports team. <mask> outbid the offer of $612 million placed by Charles Dolan, the owner of the Madison Square Garden, New York Knicks, and New York Rangers. Forbes valued the team at $3.2 billion as of September 2019. After buying the Jets, <mask> announced plans to move them to the proposed West Side Stadium in Manhattan.However, after the project's defeat in 2005, <mask> announced the Jets would move to a new Meadowlands Stadium as an equal partner with the Giants. The new stadium opened on April 10, 2010, with naming rights being acquired by MetLife. <mask> was a member of the eight-man NFL search committee to choose a successor to Paul Tagliabue as NFL commissioner. <mask>'s brother Christopher took over as CEO and acting owner in 2017, while <mask> was U.S. ambassador to the United Kingdom. In 2021, after returning to the U.S., <mask> returned as Jets chairman, while <mask> became vice-chairman. In June 2021, <mask> stated his excitement to work with coach Robert Saleh and general manager Joe Douglas, whom he praised. He expressed optimism about putting together a winning team in 2021, after the Jets had experienced setbacks during his absence.The Johnson Company, Inc
Johnson was the chairman and chief executive of The Johnson Company, Inc., a private investment firm. In August 2006, <mask> was asked to testify before the Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations regarding his participation in a tax avoidance scheme. A Senate report said that <mask>, along with others, was able to buy, for relatively small fees, roughly $2 billion in capital losses that they used to erase taxable gains they garnered from stock sales. The U.S. Treasury lost an estimated $300 million in revenue as a result. In a statement, <mask> said he had been advised by his lawyers in 2000 that the transaction "was consistent with the Tax Code." After the Internal Revenue Service challenged that view in 2003, <mask> in 2006 settled with the IRS and agreed to pay 100 percent of the tax due plus interest. <mask> was the committee president of the Pre-Commissioning Unit for the  ship .Net worth
<mask> is the billionaire heir to the Johnson & Johnson fortune. According to financial disclosure documents <mask> submitted in 2017, his net worth was about $4.2 billion. Political fundraising
<mask> has given more than $1 million to various Republican candidates and committees. Between 1997 and 1998, he donated $130,000 to the Republican Party, along with donating $22,583 to George W. Bush's 1998 gubernational re-election campaign of Texas. He was later a major New York fund-raiser for Bush's 2000 presidential campaign. In May 2008, he orchestrated a fundraiser in New York City that brought in $7 million in a single evening for John McCain's presidential campaign, by far the largest amount collected up to that point by a campaign that had been struggling to raise money. <mask> also provided significant funding to 2008 Republican National Convention host committee; from a $10 million shortfall, <mask> contributed personally and solicited friends to assist in covering the convention deficit.In 2011, <mask> endorsed former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries. In September 2013, <mask> hosted a fundraiser for the Republican National Committee (RNC) at his home in New York City. By 2016, <mask> had known Donald Trump for about 30 years, with the two men having social connections. Nevertheless, in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, <mask> initially endorsed Jeb Bush over Trump. In June 2015, <mask> was named the national finance chairman for Bush's campaign. On several occasions, Trump singled out <mask> in a speech attacking Bush for accepting "special interest" money from donors. In May 2016, after Trump became the presumptive nominee, <mask> endorsed Trump for president.He met with Trump at Trump Tower and was named one of the RNC's six finance vice chairmen, responsible for an effort to raise $1 billion on behalf of Trump's campaign. <mask> had by August 2019 donated $1.5 million to Trump's campaign and inaugural committee. In February 2020, <mask> gave $575,000 to a fundraising committee for Trump's 2020 re-election campaign, and $355,000 to the RNC. In May 2020, he gave $1 million to America First Action, Inc., a pro-Trump super PAC. On January 8, 2021, <mask> released a statement condemning the 2021 United States Capitol attack, and calling it a "dark day" in US history. United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom

On January 19, 2017, President-elect Donald Trump announced that he planned to nominate <mask> to become United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom. On June 22, 2017, Trump nominated <mask> for the position.Prior to becoming ambassador, he had no diplomatic experience. Following a hearing in the Senate Judiciary Committee, <mask> was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 3, 2017, by voice vote. He was sworn in by Vice President Mike Pence on August 21, 2017, in the Oval Office. <mask> presented his credentials to Queen Elizabeth II on November 8, 2017. In 2018, <mask> oversaw the relocation of the United States Embassy in London from Grosvenor Square, where it had been since 1938, to a new location in Nine Elms. Brexit
During <mask>'s tenure, Britain withdrew from the EU. <mask> advocated for a bilateral US-UK trade deal post-Brexit, in line with President Trump's hopes during that time.<mask> had a private dinner with Queen Elizabeth II at Winfield House on March 14, 2019, just two days after British Parliament rejected Theresa May's Brexit plan. In June 2019, he further stated that a post-Brexit deal between the US and the UK would cover "all things that are traded", including the National Health Service and agricultural sector. In January 2020, <mask> stated that the US was never interested in the NHS, but reiterated American interest in a free-trade deal with the UK. Agriculture
<mask> advocated for closer agricultural trade between the US and UK, and the deregulation of US food exports to Britain. In March 2019, <mask> wrote an article in the Daily Telegraph saying that chlorinated chicken was a "public safety no-brainer" and that health fears over hormone-fed beef were "myths". This came after he urged the UK to open up to the US agriculture market after the British exit from the European Union and ignore the "smear campaign" of those with "their own protectionist agenda". <mask> was criticized by several British agriculture standard boards, such as the Red Tractor Assurance whose CEO, Jim Moseley stated the UK's food standards were "now under threat from ... the United States food lobby".Minette Batters, president of the UK National Farmers Union, agreed with <mask>'s claims that chlorine-rinsed chicken was safe for consumption, but stated that factors such as animal welfare and environmental protection also had to be considered. Batters commented that accepting US agricultural products produced in ways that would be illegal in the UK would "put British producers out of business". The US National Farmers Union maintained that US methods of meat production were "safe", describing criticism as "fear-mongering". Huawei
<mask> advised the UK government to ban Huawei from being used in the nation's 5G networks after departing Prime Minister Theresa May approved the company in early 2019. <mask> said that Huawei could represent an economic and security risk, comparing it to "letting a kleptomaniac move into your house." In 2020, after Britain decided to ban Huawei from its 5G mobile networks, <mask> welcomed the decision as a victory for human rights and fair trading practices. Allegations of "inappropriate or insensitive comments" to embassy staff
In 2020, <mask> was investigated by the State Department inspector general over allegations that he made sexist and racist comments to embassy staff.He had been reported to have held official meetings at mens-only clubs in London, which meant that female staff members would not be able to attend. According to the New York Times, half a dozen current and former embassy employees said that <mask> made staff members uncomfortable by making remarks about their appearances or race. One diplomat said he made disparaging remarks about Black History Month. The inspector general's report, issued in August 2020, found that <mask> "sometimes made inappropriate or insensitive comments on topics generally considered Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)-sensitive, such as religion, sex, or color" that could "create an offensive working environment" and violate EEO (antidiscrimination) laws. The report also found morale problems at the embassy attributable to <mask>'s conduct, including his suggestions that embassy employees were disloyal to Trump, questioning of embassy staff's motives, and suggestions that he would remove embassy staff from their jobs for raising concerns. The report found that "This caused staff to grow wary of providing him with their best judgment." The inspector general's office recommended that the State Department's Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs and Office of Civil Rights coordinate an investigation into <mask>'s conduct, "and based on the results of the review, take appropriate action"; however, the department's leadership indicated that they would not open any "formal assessment" and indicated that <mask> had instead watched a State Department video on workplace harassment.<mask> denied that he had "treated employees with disrespect or discriminated in any way" and denied making any inappropriate comments. In January 2021, an investigation by the State Department's Office of Civil Rights found that the allegations that <mask> had made inappropriate comments about race and gender were "unsubstantiated". British Open at Trump Turnberry
In February 2018, <mask> as ambassador sought to have the lucrative British Open golf tournament moved to Trump's Turnberry Golf Resort in Scotland, raising the idea with Secretary of State for Scotland David Mundell. The New York Times reported, and the former deputy chief of mission at the U.S. embassy in London Lewis Lukens later confirmed, that Trump had asked <mask> to seek British government influence in obtaining the Open for Turnberry. At the time Lukens warned <mask> not to raise the question with the UK government, saying that an attempt to further the president's personal financial interests in this way would be unethical and probably illegal. <mask> did so anyway, unsuccessfully. In a statement, the British government said that <mask> "made no request of Mr. Mundell regarding the British Open or any other sporting event"; the statement did not say whether <mask> had raised the subject of Turnberry.<mask> did not deny the episode, saying only that he complied with "the ethical rules and requirements of my office"; Trump denied that he had ever spoken to <mask> "about Turnberry." Lukens documented his concerns to State Department officials. <mask> forced out Lukens several months later, before the scheduled end of his tenure in London. The report that <mask> used his position as ambassador to promote the president's personal business interests sparked an inquiry by the State Department inspector general's office. In an interview in August 2020, Lukens said that the inspector general's report had halted without a public report being issued, which he considered unusual. Personal life

In 1977, <mask> married former fashion model Nancy Sale <mask>. They had three children before divorcing in 2001.In early 2010, daughter <mask> died of diabetic ketoacidosis. He started a research foundation, the Alliance for Lupus Research, after his daughter Jaime was found to have lupus. In 2009, <mask> married Suzanne Ircha <mask>, a former actress and equities managing director at Sandler O'Neill & Partners. They have two children. <mask> has homes in Bedminster Township, New Jersey, and Manhattan, New York City. <mask> has resided in Palm Beach, Florida, since 2020. Philanthropy
<mask> is known for philanthropic contributions to medical research, especially for diabetes and lupus, two diseases affecting his family members.<mask> also lobbied to increase federal funding for research on the two conditions. <mask> is also a trustee of the Robert Wood Johnson Jr. Charitable Trust and was a trustee of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. <mask> was the chairman of the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation. He and his wife became involved with diabetes charities after his daughter Casey was diagnosed with diabetes in 1988. In 1994, he co-wrote the book Managing Your Child's Diabetes with his wife Nancy, and Casey. As of 2000, he had donated $12 million to the foundation. <mask> was a chairman on the Council on Foreign Relations, and successfully lobbied Congress to approve a five-year, $750 million package for funding diabetes research in 2002.Casey died of diabetic ketoacidosis in January 2010. In a 2012 op-ed in The Wall Street Journal, <mask> urged Congress to approve long-term funding for the Special Diabetes Program. <mask> is the founding chairman of the Alliance for Lupus Research (ALR). He founded the organization in 1999 after his daughter Jaime was diagnosed with lupus, and he realized that there was a lack of research in that area. References

External links

1947 births
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
American chief executives of professional sports organizations
American sports businesspeople
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople in the pharmaceutical industry
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
New Jersey Republicans
New York Jets owners
People from Bedminster, New Jersey
People from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Woody
Sportspeople from Somerset County, New Jersey
Trump administration personnel
University of Arizona alumni
People from Palm Beach, Florida
21st-century American diplomats
Florida Republicans

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Robert Wood Johnson IV
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Robert Wood Johnson III
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Keith Johnson
Billy Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Woody Johnson
Christopher Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Casey Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson