title: Joshua Simon

texts:
<mask> (born 1979, Tel Aviv), is a curator, writer, publisher, cultural critic, poet, filmmaker and public intellectual. He currently lives in Philadelphia, PA.

<mask> curated exhibitions in museums and art spaces in Tel Aviv-Yafo, NYC, Melbourne, London, Zürich, Vienna, Berlin, and Amsterdam, among other places. <mask> is former director and chief curator at MoBY-Museums of Bat Yam, Israel (2012- 2017), which made him the youngest museum director in the history of the country. Co-founding editor of the Tel Aviv-Yafo based Maayan publishing together with Roy Chicky Arad. His writing has been taught among other places at the Royal College of Art London, UK, Northwestern University Chicago, US, and the Oslo National Academy of the Arts Norway. Art

<mask> began curating in his rooftop apartment which he named The Free Academy Pavilion of Art, on Jaffa Rd. 3, Tel Aviv.The debut exhibition, I Slept With Ari Libsker (2001), gained mythical stature as several artists in it went on to become prominent cultural figures in the city and worldwide, namely Roee Rosen, Zoya Cherkassky and Roy Chicky Arad. <mask> is signed as curator on some seminal exhibitions in the Israeli art scene and internationally. In 2004 he curated Sharon, an exhibition which is considered the first to introduced a class reading to the imagery of the Occupation. In 2007, at the age of 28, <mask> curated The Rear - The First Herzliya Biennial for Contemporary Art, which was a multi-venue art event at the Herzliya Museum of Art and in non-art spaces around the coastal city, with new works commissioned from 75 artists. That same year <mask> co-curated with Maayan Strauss and Roy Chicky Arad the exhibition Doron, around a key Israeli collector Doron Sabag, and the relation of him being a key donor to museums to his business in human resources and the deteriorating workers rights in the local labor market. It has been argued that the fact that Sabag is on the board of directors of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, blocked <mask> from being seriously considered for the position of chief curator at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art a decade later. In 2012 <mask> curated together with Roy Chicky Arad and Ari Libsker the exhibition Iran in opposition to Israeli government plans to go to war with Iran.<mask> headed the theory studies at the Postgraduate program, Hamidrasha School of Art, Beit Berl College, which he helped to set up (2009-2014). During his tenure at MoBY - Museums of Bat Yam,  <mask> initiated an international programming with group and solo-shows which traveled around the world. As director of MoBY, <mask> put special emphasis on expanding outreach programs, developing funding options and facilities and cataloging the museum's collection. <mask> has worked with artists, writers and curators such as Hito Steyerl, Anri Sala, Anna Witt, Thomas Galler, Cristina Garrido, Nicole Wermers, Micah Hesse, Ohad Meromi, Olaf Nicolai, Francesco Finizio, Mika Rotenberg, Keren Cytter, Ari Libsker, Nimrod Kamer, Maayan Strauss, Vincent Vulsma, Harald Thys and Jos de Gruyter, Ekaterina Degot, Boyan, Elisheva Levy, Ariella Azoulay, Jan Verwoert, Ingo Niermann, Kerem Halbrecht, Lara Favaretto, Irit Rogoff, Caterina Riva, Omer Fast, Joseph Grima, Noam Yuran, Jodi Dean, Noa Yafe, Bini Adamczak, Slavoj Zizek, Aim Deuelle Luski, Michael E. Smith, Ruti Sela and Maayan Amir, Oliver Ressler, David Riff, Noa Tsaushu, Zoya Cherkassky, <mask>, Doron Rabina, Avi Bohbot, Zachary Formwalt, Moshe Gershuni, Harun Farocki, Yael Bartana, Yair Garbuz, Boris Buden, and Roee Rosen, among others. His writing has been published in a wide range of publications: Springerin, Frieze, Afterall, Domus International, Modern Painters, Temporary Art Review, Artpress, Mousse Magazine, Art Actuel, e-flux journal, Public Seminar and Israeli Art magazine Studio. Simon is a fellow at the Vera List Center for Art and Politics, The New School, New York (2011-2013), and the Akademie de Künst der Welt, Cologne (2017). Neomaterialism
The book Neomaterialism (2013), examines the meaning of materialism today, as materiality has been supposedly defeated by financial and digital operations.Since the so-called dematerialization of currencies and art practices in the late 1960s and early 1970, we have witnessed several shifts the book claims: the focus of labor has moved from production to consumption, the commodity has become the historical subject, and symbols now behave like materials (brands etc.). Neomaterialism explores the meaning of the world of commodities, and reintroduces various notions of dialectical materialism into the conversation on the subjectivity and vitalism of things. At the height of the influence of Object Oriented Ontology and speculative realism in contemporary art circles, the book provided a much needed critique of these trends of re-fetishization and de-contextualization. Putting debt at the center of the contemporary experience, the book explores our material culture following the 2008 crisis and the attempts to secure the art market. <mask> put forward several concept in the book, such as the unreadymade, sentimental value, and the promise of the dividual as a means for a vocabulary in this new economy of meaning. Reflecting on the general intellect as labor and the subjugation of an overqualified generation to the neo-feudal order of debt finance — with a particular focus on dispossession and rent economy, post-appropriation display strategies and negation, the barricade and capital's technocratic fascisms—Neomaterialism merges traditions of epic communism with the communism that is already here. Reception
Neomaterialism has been taught in several art programs around the world, and generated several reading groups in Europe, the UK and the US.Among the reactions to it Boris Groys wrote: "After a short period of ‘unbearable lightness of being,’ the social gravitation begins to be felt again. In his book <mask> describes and analyzes the growing weight of the technical, economic, material basis of our society. The author's sensibility for today's Zeitgeist is at the same time entertaining and precise." Jan Verwoert, wrote for Frieze Magazine: "In his new book Neomaterialism, <mask> perceptively argues that debt is the crux of the matter. Credit card purchases and mortgage settlements may feel abstract at first. But debt brings its material truth home to you: you do not own that new computer, TV, car or flat; they own you." Pelin Tan wrote in Domus Magazine: "Neomaterialism is a book that prevents us to fall into the pessimism of perceiving the thought of new materialism as a minimalist approach as well as to reconsider our practice as curators, architects and artists in a transversal way in order to create a further criticism not only of the modernist but also post-structuralist heritages of representation and subject-object relations."And Louis Moreno wrote in Onlineopen.org: "Perhaps <mask>’s book represents a new form of guide to contemporary art. This is art as diagnostic toolkit, able to decipher the complex threats that lurk within the fixtures and fittings of everyday life […] <mask>’s implicit suggestion that neomaterialist art embodies an auto-critique of financialised capitalism is fascinating." The book had numerous print runs. The New and Bad Art Gallery
In the summer of 2007 <mask> and Arad opened together with artist Maayan Strauss The New and Bad Art Gallery in Tel Aviv, which presented a line-up of debut solo exhibitions by young female artists (Eden Bannet, Inbal Strauss, Noa Tsaushu, Oren Ben Moreh, Efrat Kedem and Fumio Sakurai), with two male exceptions (Nimrod Kamer and Know Hope). Initially planned to operate for six months, the gallery re-opened after a few months in Haifa under the directorship of Natalie Levin, and operated there for two years. Notable concepts
<mask>'s work is often identified with several concepts -
The Curatorial
Unreadymade
The Overqualified
Dividual
Mesoscopic
Metastability

Publishing and Film
Since the late 1990s, <mask> has been working closely with poet and writer Roy Chicky Arad on a number of initiatives in Tel Aviv. Together they founded The University of Shenkin and The Free Academy (for which <mask> opened the Art Pavilion in his apartment), two platforms of nomadic study that were hosted by art schools and art festivals, theatres and schools.Out of these initiatives came out a travelling poetry reading program that <mask> and Arad initiated, which in turn morphed into Guerilla Culture – a platform of poets and activists who organized poetry demonstrations and publications throughout the 2000s. Parallel to these projects in poetry, since the 2000 <mask> has been writing and directing short films as a member of the group of filmmakers Baboon, together with Tom Shoval, Daniel Adar, Michael Hanegbi, Adam Sanderson and Oren Shay. <mask>'s films were shown among other places on Arte/ZDF, Israeli channel 1 and channel 2, and in Anthology Film Archives, NYC, and in The Berlinale Film Festival, Mar Del Plata, Argentina, Rencontres Internationales Paris and Berlin, FIDMarseille France, Oberhausen IFF Germany, INVIDEO and Milan Short Film Festival, among other places. For his film The Radicals (2001), <mask> was awarded The Jerusalem Cinematheque Award for Young Filmmaker. In 2005 <mask> and Arad formed Maayan Publishing, which publishes Maayan Magazine for Poetry, Literature and Ideas which they co-edit; Western (Maarvon) – New Film Magazine (which <mask> edits); The New and Bad Contemporary Art Magazine (which they edit together with Natalie Levin); and a series for poetry books and original theatre plays. <mask> is the author of the poetry book National Citizens. In the first issue of Maayan he published a list called "The Prince", exploring his life and views on the world from A to Z.Since then he wrote essays for the magazine and translated for it songs by Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger among others. <mask> translated Mierle Landerman Ukeles "Maintenance Art Manifesto" (1969) into Hebrew on its 40th anniversary for The New and Bad Contemporary Art Magazine

Maarvon (Western) – New Film Magazine
Originally, Maarvon was intended as an extended supplement to Maayan Magazine dedicated to cinema and film, but eventually it grew to

masks:
Joshua Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon Fujiwara
Simon
Joshua Simon
Joshua Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon


title: Joshua Simon

type: original

texts:
 become an independent film magazine. On its board are key filmmakers, programmers and scholars such as Dan Shadur, Adam Aboulafia, Laliv Melamed, Dani Rosenberg, Nimrod Kamer, Ari Libsker, Tom Shoval, and Karin Rywkind Segal. The magazine also included a column by artist and filmmaker Roee Rosen (issues 1–6). While expanding the writing on contemporary cinema in Hebrew, the magazine made it its goal to look carefully into Israeli film history and present, with essays on sub-genres and rediscovered figures, funding conditions and theoretical blind spots, films by female filmmakers, overview of themes and styles. In recent issues the magazine has been focusing more and more on the shift from montage to the digital. It has dedicated special issues to filmmakers such as Jean Luc Godard, Alexander Kluge, Hito Steyerl, Harun Farocki and others, as they have portrayed the shift from visualising the totality of the social through montage to an exploration of the totality of capital in the digital.Parallel to these filmmakers, the magazine highlighted the work of Albert Serra, Jia Zhangke, Amos Guttman, Abderrahmane Sissako, Scandar Copti, Lisandro Alonso, Barry Jenkins, Apichatpong Weerasethakul, Keren Yedaya, Hagar Ben-Asher, Pedro Costa, Adam Sandler, Rob Schneider, Avi Mograbi, Peter Watkins, Roberto Rossellini, Sasha Grey, Russ Meyer, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Miguel Gomes, Dušan Makavejev, Matías Piñeiro, Ellida Geira, Kendrick Lamar, Claire Denis, Michal Bat-Adam. <mask> also contributed to the magazine essays on Israeli cinema, on finance and psychosis, and on contemporary romantic comedies of the 2000s and Bromance movies, among other subjects. Journalism
In the media magazine Firma (a supplement of Globes Financial News), <mask> has published articles from 2000 to 2009 on various issues. <mask> contributed to the culture section of the daily newspaper Globes with art reviews and interviews and was the newspaper's art critic and contributor to the paper's Op-Eds. In Firma, <mask> served as editorial board member, ran a column "Reading the News" which was a focused on media critique, interviewed key figures of the local political scene such as Benjamin Netanyahu (Minister of Finance at the time), Ehud Olmert (Minister of Industry, Trade and Labor at the time), Avigdor Lieberman (Minister of Strategic Affairs at the time), Amir Peretz (Chairman of the General Organization of Workers in Israel at the time), Akiva Orr (key political figure of anti-Zionist Left in Israel since the 1960s), Shimshon Bichler (world renowned scholar of the political economy of Israel's military-financial complex), filmmaker Menachem Golan, as well as International philosopher Slavoj Zizek and many others. In addition, from 2005 to 2009 <mask> ran a weekly column in the now mythological metro weekly Ha-Ir (the Tel Aviv equivalent of The Village Voice). The column, "Close to Home," was key to define the changes the city has undergone in its leadership's attempt to position it as a Global City.In his column, <mask> observed urban developments and gentrification trends, gave voice to right to the city movements and expanded on the intertwined political and architectural meaning of public sphere. Select exhibitions
• In The Liquid – group exhibition, PrintScreen Media Art Festival, Holon Israel, Oct.-Nov. 2018

• Second Nature – group exhibition, the main exhibition at the fifth International Photography Festival, Tel Aviv (Nov.-Dec. 2017), Traveled to Gate3 gallery in Haifa (Feb.-April 2018)

• The Kids Want Communism – a two and a half year long program of exhibitions and events marking 99 years to the Soviet Revolution. – group exhibition, Left Bank: The Israeli Communist Party Culture Club, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Sep. 2008

• "Come to Israel: It’s Hot and Wet and We Have the Humus" – group exhibition, Storefront for Art and Architecture, NYC; April 2008

• The Rear – The 1st Herzliya Biennial of Contemporary Art, Israel, 2007

• Doron – group exhibition, Minshar College of Art, Tel Aviv-Yafo, 2006, co-curated with Maayan Strauss and Roy Chicky Arad

• Blanks – group exhibition, Center for Contemporary Art, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Nov. 2005, co-curated with Sergio Edelsztien

• Sharon – group exhibition, Teachers College of Technology, Tel Aviv-Yafo, 2004

• Amos Gitai – A Retrospective, travelling film program in Israeli cinematheques, 2003

• I slept with Ari Libsker - group exhibition, The Free Academy Pavilion of Art, Tel Aviv-Yafo, 2001

• 96 Elections – solo exhibition of Roy Chicky Arad, Tal Esther Gallery, Tel Aviv-Yafo, 2000

Authored books

National Citizens - Essays [אזרחים לאומיים], Tel Aviv: Havkin Publishing, 1998, 6 pp. (In Hebrew) [reprinted in: Hamidrasha Art Journal, Issue 11: Parody/Irony, 2008 (In Hebrew)]
National Citizens [אזרחים לאומיים], Tel Aviv: Shadurian Publishing, 2001, 80 pp. (In Hebrew)
Neomaterialism, Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2013, 194 pp. Edited books
Sea & Sun, catalogue for the Israeli Pavilion at the Venice Architecture Biennale 2004, 124 pp. With Asma Agbarieh-Zahalka, Turky Ammar, Roy Chicky Arad, Marwan Makhoul, Nir Nader, Yaara Shehori and Mati Shmuelof, Red – Class Poetry [אדומה – אסופה לשירה מעמדית], Maayan Publishing in partnership with Etgar, Hakivun Mizrah, 2007, 232 pp.(In Hebrew and Arabic)
With Roy Chicky Arad, Ronen Eidelman, Tomer Gardi, Nir Nader, Yaara Shehori, Mati Shmuelof and Boaz Yaniv, Out – Against The Attack on Gaza [לצאת – נגד ההתקפה על עזה], Maayan Publishing in partnership with Daka, Etgar, Guerilla Culture, Maarav and Sedek, 2008, 74 pp. (In Hebrew and Arabic)
With Manon Slome, The Aesthetics of Terror, New York and Milan: Charta Books, 2009, 104 pp. United States of Palestine-Israel, Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2011, 128 pp. With Roy Chicky Arad, Good Energies – the Protocol of the Israeli Parliamentary Committee on Natural Gas Royalties, Maayan Publishing, 2011, 53 pp. [In Hebrew]
With Roy Chicky Arad, Ronen Eidelman, Ori Ensenberg, Roni Hirsch, Efrat Mishori, Nir Nader, Yudit Shahar, Yaara Shehori, Mati Shmuelof, The Revolution Song-Book - Tents Poetry [שירון המהפכה – שירת האוהלים], Maayan Publishing in partnership with Daka, Etgar, Erev-Rav and Guerilla Culture, 2011, 109 pp. (In Hebrew)
Ruti Sela: For The Record, Berlin: Archive Books, 2015, 224 pp. With Ingo Niermann, Communists Anonymous, Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2017, 292 pp.Being Together Precedes Being: A Textbook for The Kids Want Communism, Berlin: Archive Books, 2019, 392 pp. Select Articles
"Damn, We’re Sexy: <mask> and Roy Chick Arad in conversation," Hamidrasha Art Journal , Issue 7: Education/Initiation, 2004 (In Hebrew)
"Il Principe – Autobiography," Maayan Magazine for Poetry Literature and Ideas, Issue 1, Winter 2004-5 (In Hebrew)
"Silence of the Lamps: on the films of Jos De Gruyter and Harald Thys," Afterall Journal, Issue 22, Fall 2009
"A Certain Tendency in Israeli Cinema," Maarvon – New Film Magazine, Issue 1, Winter 2005-6 (In Hebrew) [reprinted in English online on Slash Seconds:
"On the Aesthetics of Terror," in: Boris Groys and Peter Weibel (eds. ), Medium Religion, ZKM: Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, Autumn-Winter 2008
"White Picket Fence: Settlement and Suburbia, Geography and Real Estate," in: Ariella Azoulay (ed. ), HomeLessHome, Museum on The Seam, Jerusalem Feb. 2010
"Neo-Materialism," three part essay on e-flux journal #20, #23, #26 (Nov. 2010; March 2011; Sep. 2011) ;
"Betrayal and the Curatorial," in: Jean-Paul Martinon (ed. ), The Curatorial: A Philosophy of Curating, Bloomsbury Publishing, UK, 2013
"Shockwork: The Selfie and the Labour of the Overqualified," in: Journal, ICA, London, 2014:
"The Overqualified," Art Handler Magazine, Issue 1, NYC, 2015
"Debt and the Materiality of the Dividual," key note paper from the conference ‘Transversal Practices: Matter, Ecology and Relationality’, VI Conference on New Materialisms 27–29 September 2015, The Victorian College of the Arts, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Published in: Springerin Magazine, Vienna, Austria, January 2016 [German and English]:
"The Dual Power of Arts Organizations," Temporary Art Review, November 2016:
"Neoliberal Politics, Protective Edge, and BDS," in: Kareem Estefan, Carin Kuoni, Laura Raicovich (eds. ), Assuming Boycott: Resistance, Agency, and Cultural Production, OR Books, NYC, 2017
"From Value to Price, From Labor to Debt, From Revolution to Disruption," Public Seminar, The New School, NYC, Oct. 2017:
"Soviet Knowledge," Haokets for Social Critique, Nov. 2017 (In Hebrew)
"Phantom-Politics," in: Marina Grzinic (ed.), Border Thinking: Disassembling Histories of Racialized Violence, The Academy of Fine Arts Vienna and Sternberg Press, 2018
"The Postman Always Rings Twice: Why Does Post-History Repeat Itself?," in: <mask> (ed.) Being Together Precedes Being: A Textbook for The Kids Want Communism, Berlin: Archive Books, 2019
"Speculation and Counter-Speculation." MaHKUscript: Journal of Fine Art Research, 3(1), p. 3, 2019:
"Gentlemen of the Spoon: The meaning of Netanyahu," Maayan Magazine, Issue 15, Summer 2019 (In Hebrew). Appeared online on Mekomit:
"The Way Things Are Organized: The Mesoscopic, The Metastable, The Curatorial," in: Paul O'Neill, <mask>, Lucy Steeds and Mick Wilson (eds. ), Curating After The Global, MIT Press, 2019

Select short films
• Push Up Teaser (teaser for feature film starring Yael Grobglas, Omer Goldman and Danielle Kitzis), 2011

• Die Unsichtbare Hand (special commission from the Zebra Poetry Film Festival, Berlin, based on a poem by Daniel Falb), 2010

• Les mots et les choses (starring Yehuda Levi, Gili Saar and Roee Rosen), 2004

• My Room (documentary short commissioned by Channel 8 for science & culture), 2002

• The Radicals (starring Yaara Sharon, Roy Chicky Arad, Michael Hanegbi, Dan Shadur, Ari Libsker, Lior Levy, Michal Shalev), 2001

• Moments (documentary commissioned by Israeli Channel 1), 2001

• City Hole (starring Iva Kafri and Tomer Persico), 1999

References

External links

Maayan Magazine Website
the Doron exhibition (website)
The Radicals (film by <mask> Simon)
On The Barnes Foundation (website)
Vera List Center for Art and Politics website
AKADEMIE DER KÜNSTE DER WELT website

Israeli film directors
Israeli curators
Israeli journalists
Living people
1979

masks:
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Joshua Simon
Joshua Simon
Simon Sheikh
Joshua


title: Anthony Simonsen

texts:
<mask>  (born January 6, 1997) is an American professional ten-pin bowler from Little Elm, Texas, currently residing in Las Vegas, Nevada. He has been a member of the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) since 2014. <mask> became known in bowling fan circles early in the 2016 season, when he earned the distinction as the youngest player in history to win a PBA major championship. He uses the two-handed shovel-style delivery with a dominant right hand. He is a member of the Roto Grip and Vise Grips pro staffs. Amateur accomplishments
As an 18-year-old, <mask> captured a win in doubles (with partner Mark Sleeper, Jr.) at the 2015 USBC Open Championships. <mask> first earned a spot on Team USA in 2016.He and his Team USA teammates won the 2019 Weber Cup over Team Europe. <mask> participated in 11 of the 32 matches, going 5–1 in singles, 1–2 in doubles, and 1–1 in team. In the 2020 Weber Cup, <mask> and Team USA again defeated Team Europe, 23–18. Overall in the event, <mask> participated in 12 of 41 matches, going 4–1 in singles, 1–4 in doubles, and 1–1 in team. In his third singles match against England's Dom Barrett, <mask> rolled a 300 game. <mask> also competed in the 2021 Weber Cup. In the USA's
17–18 loss to Team Europe, <mask> participated in 12 of 35 matches, going 4–3 in singles, 2–0 in doubles, and 0–3 in team.PBA career
<mask> became a PBA member in 2014 at age 17. This followed some success on the PBA regional circuit, where he won two Regional tournaments as a non-member. <mask> has won nine PBA Tour titles (with three majors) and seven PBA Regional titles. He has rolled 7 career 300 games in PBA competition (through 2019). He also has one European Bowling Tour (EBT) title to his credit, earned at the 2018 Storm Irish Open. 2015 season
<mask> made the cash-line cut in seven of 16 tournaments on the 2015 PBA Tour, and qualified for match play five times. 2016 season

<mask>'s first PBA Tour title came on December 18, 2015 at the Mark Roth/Marshall Holman PBA Doubles Championship, where he teamed with Connor Pickford.(This was considered a 2016 season title.) The victory made <mask> the second-youngest winner of a standard PBA Tour event, at . He was only two days older than Norm Duke when Duke won the 1983 PBA Cleveland Open. <mask> made history on February 14, 2016, when he won his first PBA Tour singles title and first major at the USBC Masters in Indianapolis. This win made <mask> the youngest player ever, at age 19 years and 39 days, to win a PBA major title. PBA Hall of Famer Mike Aulby had held this distinction since 1979, when he won the PBA National Championship at age 19 years, 83 days. <mask> qualified for two more televised finals in major tournaments during 2016, finishing fourth at the U.S. Open in November and fifth at the PBA World Championship in December.He appeared in the championship round (the final stage of a tournament) seven times this season. 2017 season

On February 26, 2017, <mask> won the World Bowling Tour (WBT) Men's Finals in Las Vegas, NV, cashing $20,000. The finals included the top three points earners from 2015 and 2016 WBT events. While presented by the PBA, this event does not award a PBA title. <mask> captured his third PBA title on May 29, 2017 at the PBA Xtra Frame Wilmington Open. As one of the top eight money leaders from the start of the 2015 season through the 2017 USBC Masters, <mask> was invited to participate in the inaugural Main Event PBA Tour Finals in May, 2017. He placed eighth in the event.2018 season

<mask> finished runner-up to Sweden's Jenny Wegner in the 2018 Brunswick Euro Challenge, held in Munich, Germany. <mask> won a scratch victory of 213–211 in the final match, but because Wegner accepted the eight pins per game handicap offered to female competitors, <mask> lost the match and a PBA title by an official score of 219–213. On August 19, <mask> won his fourth PBA title at the Gene Carter's Pro Shop Classic in Middletown, Delaware. <mask> gained some attention with this latest victory when he used a "backup ball" (a right-hander putting reverse rotation on the ball so it hooks like a left-hander's shot, or vice versa) during both match play and one of the finals matches after the right side of the lane had become difficult to play. While USBC and PBA rules do not allow a bowler to switch to his or her opposite hand for any sanctioned shot during a given season, <mask>'s technique was legal. He still used a dominant right hand, but rotated the ball in the opposite direction versus his conventional shot. On October 16, <mask> won his fifth PBA Tour title at the FloBowling PBA Wolf Open in Owasso, Oklahoma.Having qualified as the #1 seed, he won his lone championship round match over Andrew Anderson. With the win, <mask> joined Jesper Svensson as the only players in history to have five PBA Tour titles by age 21. 2019 season
On February 17, 2019, <mask> won his sixth PBA Tour title and second major at the 2019 PBA Players Championship in Columbus, Ohio. As the #2 seed in the stepladder finals, he defeated Kyle Troup in the semi-final match 259–202, then upset #1 seed Jason Belmonte (going for a record 11th major) in the final match 232–212 to claim the title. <mask>'s victory made him the youngest player (22) in PBA history to win two major championships. The previous record holder, Billy Hardwick, won his second major championship at age 23. With two majors and at least five titles overall, <mask> is also the youngest player in history to become title-eligible for the PBA Hall of Fame.<mask> qualified as the #4 seed for the inaugural PBA Tour Playoffs. He made it to the Final Four on June 1, but lost in the semifinal to eventual champion Kristopher Prather. On August 29, <mask> won his seventh PBA Tour title in exciting fashion at the PBA Bear Open in Aurora, Illinois. After the final match against E. J. Tackett finished in a 267–267 tie, both <mask> and Tackett recorded strikes on the first ball of sudden-death roll-off. <mask> then struck on the second ball of sudden death, while Tackett rolled a 9-count, giving <mask> his second title of the 2019 season. Overall in 2019, <mask> made eight championship round appearances and cashed $171,340, both career highs. <mask> won an additional $100,000 in the Bowlero Elite Series event on September 13, 2019, which is not counted in his PBA earnings.2020 season
<mask> qualified as the #1 seed for the finals of the 2020 U.S. Open, but lost the championship match to Jason Belmonte, 226–201. In the PBA World Championship finals on March 15, he again finished runner-up to Belmonte. Based on 2020 points, <mask> qualified as the #4 seed for the season-ending PBA Tour Playoffs. He made it all the way to the championship match, only to suffer another runner-up finish, this time to Bill O'Neill. Despite the 2020 season being shortened by COVID-19, <mask> posted a new career high in earnings with $227,130. 2021 season
After yet another runner-up finish in a major (2021 PBA Tournament of Champions), <mask> finally broke through with his eighth title in the PBA Tour Finals on June 27. Having secured the #1 seed in Group 2 qualifying, <mask> topped Kris Prather in his group stepladder final, then defeated Group 1 winner Kyle Troup for the championship.2022 season

On February 6, 2022, <mask> won his ninth PBA Tour title and third major at the 2022 U.S. Open, held in Indianapolis, Indiana. Qualifying as the #2 seed for the stepladder finals, he defeated Jason Belmonte in the semifinal match and E. J. Tackett in the championship match to claim the victory. The win makes <mask> the youngest bowler in PBA history (25 years, 31 days) to win three major titles. The previous record holder was PBA Hall of Famer Dave Davis, who won his third major in 1968 at age 25 years, 343 days. PBA Tour Titles
Major tournament titles are in bold type. 2016: PBA Mark Roth-Marshall Holman Doubles Championship (w/Connor Pickford) (Reno, NV)
 2016: USBC Masters (Indianapolis, IN)
 2017: PBA Xtra Frame Wilmington Open (Wilmington, NC)
 2018: PBA Xtra Frame Gene Carter's Pro Shop Open (Middletown, DE)
 2018: FloBowling PBA Wolf Open (Owasso, OK)
 2019: PBA Players Championship (Columbus, OH)
 2019: FloBowling PBA Bear Open (Aurora, IL)
 2021: PBA Tour Finals (Allen Park, MI)
 2022: U.S. Open (Indianapolis, IN)

Career statistics

Statistics are through the last complete PBA season. +CRA = Championship Round Appearances

References

American ten-pin bowling players
1997 births
Living people

masks:
Anthony Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Anthony
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Anthony
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen
Simonsen


title: Charlie Bassett

texts:
Charles E<mask> (October 30, 1847 – January 5, 1896) was a lawman and saloon owner in the American Old West in Dodge City. He was one of the founders of the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, served as the first sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, as well as city marshal of Dodge City. His deputies included Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson. Early years

Charles E<mask> was born on October 30, 1847, in New Bedford, Massachusetts. He was the fourth of six children born to Benjamin and Julia (Norton<mask>. <mask> was in his late teens when his parents separated, and he elected to live with his father in Philadelphia. Civil War record

On February 14, 1865, <mask> enlisted in the Union Army at Frankford, Pennsylvania (now a part of Philadelphia).He received a $100 bounty for signing on for one year as a private in Company I of the 213th Pennsylvania Infantry, a volunteer regiment. <mask> was mustered out of his volunteer regiment in Washington, D.C., on November 18, 1865. He served a little more than nine months, not for the year he had signed. This was most likely the result of an Army cutback after Lee's surrender in April. Heading West

Charles E<mask> spent the period between late 1865 and early 1873 drifting around the West, serving various stints as a miner, bartender, and buffalo hunter. He was most likely in the neighborhood of what would become Dodge City, Kansas, when his father, <mask> died in Philadelphia on January 2, 1872. Dodge City and the Long Branch Saloon

<mask> opened the original Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City in late 1872 in partnership with Alfred J. Peacock.Eventually, Bassett and Peacock sold the Long Branch. The saloon changed hands several times until Luke Short became one of the owners. Short's partnership in the Long Branch would cause one of the high points of <mask>'s life in 1883. Sheriff of Ford County, Kansas

On June 5, 1873, the citizens of Ford County, Kansas, chose <mask> as their first sheriff. His headquarters were in Dodge City. <mask> was re-elected twice, serving until 1878. On September 18, 1877, Sam Bass and his gang robbed a Union Pacific train of $60,000 at Big Springs, Nebraska.The bandits were reported in Kansas and <mask> went out after them. <mask>'s posse included Bat Masterson and John Joshua Webb. The group was unsuccessful in their pursuit of the train robbers. By Kansas law, <mask> could not seek a third successive term as sheriff of Ford County. On November 6, 1877, Bat Masterson was elected sheriff of Ford County, replacing <mask>. One of his first acts was to appoint <mask> as his under-sheriff. Assistant Marshal of Dodge City

In addition to serving as Bat Masterson's under-sheriff, <mask> was also serving as assistant city marshal under Bat's brother, City Marshal Edward J. Masterson.He was still serving as sheriff when he got the appointment during December, 1877. The Dodge City Times reported, "<mask> has been appointed by Mayor [James H.] Kelley to assist Marshal [Edward J.] Masterson in preserving order and decorum in the city. Mr. <mask> has had thorough training and is a good man for the place." On January 27, 1878, Dave Rudabaugh and four others attempted to hold up a train at Kinsley, Kansas. On February 1, a posse led by Sheriff Bat Masterson captured two of the robbers - Dave Rudabaugh and Edgar West. <mask> assisted his two bosses, Sheriff Bat Masterson and Marshal Ed Masterson, in the capture of two more of the train robbers right in Dodge City.Marshal of Dodge City

Dodge City's most colorful and tragic year was 1878. The first tragedy was the murder of Marshal Ed Masterson by two Texans named Jack Wagner and Alfred Walker on April 9. After Ed Masterson's funeral, the Dodge City Council appointed <mask> as city marshal at a salary of $100 a month. On May 12, Wyatt Earp was appointed as <mask>'s assistant marshal at a salary of $75 a month. On July 29, 1878 James "Spike" Kenedy (1855-1884), the son of the wealthy cattle baron Mifflin Kenedy (1818-1895) attempted to shoot Mayor James H. Kelley. He was stopped from doing so by <mask>. Kenedy paid his fine and court costs and left town.Within three weeks, the young Texan was back in Dodge and in trouble again. According to the court docket for August 17, 1878, Kenedy was again brought into court by <mask>. This time it was on a charge of being disorderly. After paying his fine, Kenedy was told by <mask> to get out of Dodge and stay out. The Killing of Dora Hand

At 4:00 in the morning of October 4, 1878, Kenedy was back in Dodge and fired two shots through the front door of a small frame house usually occupied by Mayor Kelley. One of Kenedy's bullets killed a 34-year-old woman named Dora Hand. The Dodge City Times noted that "the pistol shot was intended for the male occupant of the bed ... who had been absent for several days.The bed however was occupied by the female lodger at the time of the shooting." A posse left Dodge City at 2:00 on the afternoon of October 4. Its members were Marshal Charles E<mask>, Assistant Marshal Wyatt Earp, Bill Tilghman, Sheriff Bat Masterson, and Deputy Sheriff William Duffey. At 4:00 on the afternoon of October 5, the posse caught up with Kenedy at a location some 35 miles from Dodge. The possemen turned loose a volley on Kenedy. Three shots slammed into Kenedy's horse, while another shot, supposedly from a .50 caliber Sharp's, shattered Kenedy's left arm. Three weeks after the killing of Dora Hand, Kenedy was released for a supposed lack of incriminating evidence.Spike Kenedy returned to Texas to manage his father's 390,000-acre LaParra Ranch. He died from typhoid fever during December 1884. Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas

On November 4, 1879, the Dodge City Council appointed James Masterson as city marshal, to replace <mask>, who had resigned. According to the local paper: "Ex-Sheriff Chas. E<mask>, accompanied by Mysterious Dave [Mather] and two other prospectors, started out last week in search of 'greener fields and pastures new.' They went in a two-horse wagon, after the style in the days of 49." After unsuccessfully panning for gold in Colorado, <mask> and Mather drifted successively to New Mexico and Texas.Both men were in San Antonio during the early part of 1881. Mather remained in Texas for the next two years, but <mask> had grown homesick for Dodge City. His return to Dodge was noted by a local paper, which reported, "Charles E<mask>, ex-sheriff of Ford County, and formerly city marshal of Dodge City - one of the old timers - arrived in the city last Tuesday after an absence of a year and a half. Charley looks as natural as life, wears good clothes, and says Texas is suffering from the dry weather." Kansas City

<mask> did not remain in Dodge City for long. He moved on to Kansas City, Missouri, where he became manager of Webster and Hughes Marble Hall Saloon. The Kansas City Journal reported his arrival by noting, "Hon.C.E<mask>, a well known cattle man of Kansas and Texas, returned to this city yesterday, after a brief stay in Dodge City. He will remain here for some time." On April 28, 1883, the celebrated "Dodge City War" broke out. Luke Short had been run out of Dodge and headed straight for Kansas City, where he looked up <mask> at the Marble Hall Saloon. <mask> quickly proceeded to re-establish Short in Dodge City. Quick to respond were Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson, along with several others.The Dodge City Peace Commission

The bloodless Dodge City War ended with both sides reaching an agreement in early June 1883. To maintain the shaky truce, the Dodge City Peace Commission was formed, including <mask>. <mask> returned to Kansas City, where he opened the Senate Saloon and obtained the nickname "Senator". The venture was a failure and <mask> went to work as a bartender in an establishment he did not own. Final years

<mask> suffered from inflammatory rheumatism during his final years. He went to Hot Springs, Arkansas, with the hope that the water would benefit his health, but he died there at age 48 on January 5, 1896. He is buried in a unmarked grave at Hollywood Cemetery, Section 1; Lot 51 Hot Springs Arkansas

Bibliography

 DeMattos, Jack."The Dodge Citians: Charles E<mask>." Nola Quarterly (Vol. XIX, No. 4) October–December 1995. Miller, Nyle H. and Snell, Joseph W. Why the West Was Wild, Topeka: Kansas State Historical Society, 1963. Shillingberg, Wm.B. Dodge City: The Early Years, 1872-1886. Norman, OK: The Arthur H. Clark Company, 2009. References

External links
Charles Bassett
Dodge City Shootout The Deaths of Levi Richardson and Frank Loving, by Roger Myers, Ford County Historical Soc., Dodge City, KS

Kansas sheriffs
American town marshals
Lawmen of the American Old West
1847 births
1896 deaths
People from New Bedford, Massachusetts
People from Dodge City, Kansas
Saloonkeepers
Union Army soldiers

masks:
. Bassett
. Bassett
) Bassett
Charlie
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Benjamin Bassett
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Sheriff Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Sheriff Bassett
Bassett
Charlie Basset
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Marshal Bassett
Marshal Bassett
Marshal Bassett
. Bassett
Charlie Bassett
. Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett
Charlie Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
Bassett
. Bassett


title: Margaret C. Etter

texts:
<mask>, known informally as <mask> (12 September 1943 – 9 June 1992), was an American chemist who contributed to the development of solid state chemistry for crystalline organic compounds. She is known for her work characterizing and classifying contacts by hydrogen bonds in organic compounds. Her "enlightened imagination, innovative creativity, and unfailing enthusiasm" is recognised as having a "transformative effect" in many areas of organic chemistry. Education and career

<mask> was born as <mask> in Greenville, a town in Delaware near Wilmington. Her father, Theodore (Ted<mask>, was a chemist by profession at DuPont. <mask> attained her B.Sc. at the University of Pennsylvania, spending a freshman semester at Cornell (where she met future collaborator Joel Bernstein in the Mugwuamp freshman orientation group), and completed a master's degree at the University of Delaware in 1971 with Harold Kwart.Her Ph.D. research was completed at the University of Minnesota as a National Science Foundation predoctoral fellow under the supervision of Jack Gougoutas. Her thesis and postdoctoral work focused on the study of the chemical and structural properties of polyvalent iodine compounds using X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques. Her Ph. D work was published and still provides a model for how topotactic reactions should be studied. After a brief stay as an assistant professor at Augsburg College, <mask> obtained employment in the Central Research Laboratories at the mile-square 3M campus in Maplewood, Minnesota as a researcher. She collaborated with several research groups to study crystalline compounds and polymers, including molecular salts based on two photographic dyes that formed no fewer than 14 polymorphs. Due to the difficulties of maintaining a stable research program at 3M, <mask> returned to the University of Minnesota first as a postdoctoral researcher in solid state NMR with Robert Bryant, and later as professor (from 1984) at the School of Chemistry.For the rest of her career she devoted herself to the investigation of the properties of crystalline solids and hydrogen bonds. Her work influenced several areas of interest in the field of solid state organic chemistry, such as crystal growth, clathrate formation, phase transitions, supramolecular chemistry and co-crystals (a term she essentially defined in the community). Much of her work was truly interdisciplinary. <mask>'s key contribution was the use of graph sets to analyze hydrogen bond patterns (rather than the more conventional analysis of individual bonds), a path against the prevailing attitude that hydrogen bonding in organic solids was too complicated to understand. The establishing of the "Etter Rules" was later reported in Accounts of Chemical Research "Encoding and Decoding Hydrogen Bond Patterns in Organic Compounds" which since has been cited more than 4,000 times. Such representation is widely used in structural chemistry and solid state chemistry for the description of organic compounds. The use of "Etter Rules" was reviewed (with further results incorporated) in Angewandte Chemie, and the approach was incorporated into the CSD software for automatic analysis of structures.In April 1991 <mask> was diagnosed with stage IV kidney cancer, in the most productive phase of her career that she herself described as being "on a roll". Her final appearance was on a tour of Israel to coincide with the Israel Chemical Society Annual Meeting, when she visited the Weizmann Institute and the Technion, places she had always wanted to visit due to the concentration of organic solid-state chemists. Additionally, during this visit she gave a plenary lecture on her research. Shortly after her return to the United States, <mask> was placed in hospice care due to a rapid deterioration of her health. She died on June 9, 1992. Awards and recognition

In 1979, <mask> received the "Good Neighbor" award from the Minnesota radio station WCCO for her contributions to the development of the school science program STEP at 3M. Her outreach work focused on improving the opportunities for women in science, lecturing on the subject to high school and college students, and serving as a role model for female undergraduate and graduate students.During her illness on Thanksgiving Day 1991, Minnesota Public Radio paid a special tribute to her. <mask> was recognized as an early pioneer in the Chemistry Department of the University of Minnesota due to the research she conducted related to "... the applications of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the design and properties of organic non-linear optical materials, and most significantly, in the understanding and utilization of hydrogen-bonding interactions in crystals." Her work was recognized with many international awards and fellowships through her career:
 Sloan Research Fellowship (1989)
 Bush Foundation Fellowship
 Iota Sigma Pi Award for Excellence in Chemistry
 St. Paul Businessperson of the Year (1986) for her work with “Rochelle Crystal Corporation.”

In recognition of both her scientific achievements and her work as a mentor to students and novice scientists, the American Crystallographic Association launched two awards in honor of <mask>: the <mask> C. <mask> Early Career Award, given to scientists who have made important contributions early in their careers, and the <mask> C. <mask> Student Lecturer Award, awarded to a selection of students for their oral presentations at the annual conference of the association. In addition, the University of Minnesota holds an annual Etter Memorial Lecture and hosts an endowed lectureship in solid state chemistry and materials science bearing her name. References

External links

American women chemists
1943 births
20th-century American women scientists
1992 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Cornell University alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Delaware alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Augsburg University faculty
Sloan Research Fellows
American women academics

masks:
Margaret Cairns Etter
Peggy Etter
Etter
Margaret Cairns
) Cairns
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Etter
Peggy Etter
Margaret
Etter
Margaret
Etter


title: William Gropper

texts:
{{infobox comics creator
| birth_name = <mask>
| image = Gropper-william-1922.jpg
| caption = Gropper in 1923
| birth_date =
| birth_place = New York City, U.S.A.
| death_date =
| death_place = Manhasset, New York
| area = Cartoonist, painter, lithographer, and muralist
| cartoonist = y
| notable works = political work for left wing publications like The Revolutionary Age, The Liberator, The New Masses, The Worker, The Morning Freiheit
| spouse =
| nationality = American
| signature = <mask>per signature.png
}}

<mask>Bill<mask> (December 3, 1897January 3, 1977) was a U.S. cartoonist, painter, lithographer, and muralist. A committed radical, Gropper is best known for the political work which he contributed to such left wing publications as The Revolutionary Age, The Liberator, The New Masses, The Worker, and The Morning Freiheit.Life and career
<mask> was born to Harry and <mask> in New York City, the eldest of six children. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Romania and Ukraine, who were both employed in the city's garment industry, living in poverty on New York's Lower East Side. His mother worked hard sewing piecework at home. <mask>, Bill's father, was university-educated and fluent in 8 languages, but was unable to find employment in America in a field for which he was suited. This failure of the American economic system to make proper use of his father's talents doubtlessly contributed to <mask>'s lifelong antipathy toward capitalism. Gropper's alienation was accentuated when on March 24, 1911, he lost a favorite aunt in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, a disaster which resulted from locked doors and non-existent exits in a New York sweatshop.Some 146 workers burned or jumped to their deaths on that day in what was New York's greatest human catastrophe prior to the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001. Gropper's interest in art began at a young age. As a child of six young he took chalk to the sidewalks, decorating the concrete with elaborate picture stories of cowboys and Indians that extended around the block. As a child on the way to school, Gropper used to lug bundles of his mother's piecework sewing to the sweatshops by which she was employed. At age 13, Gropper took his first art instruction at the radical Ferrer School, where he studied under George Bellows and Robert Henri. In 1913, Gropper graduated from public school, earning a medal in art and a scholarship to the National Academy of Design. The strong-willed Gropper refused to conform at the academy, however, and was subsequently expelled.He attempted to attend high school that fall, but finances prevented his attendance and he was forced to seek work to help support his family. He worked as an assistant in a clothing store, earning $5 a week. In 1915, <mask> showed a portfolio of his work to Frank Parsons, the head of the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts. The work so impressed Parsons that Gropper was offered a scholarship to the school. Gropper continued to work reduced hours for reduced wages in the clothing store while he continued his artistic education. In the subsequent two years, Gropper gained recognition and awards for his work. In 1917, <mask> was offered a position on the staff of the New York Tribune, where over the next several years he earned a steady income doing drawings for the paper's special Sunday feature articles.At this time, the politically radical <mask> was brought into the orbit of original and innovative artists around the left wing New York monthly, The Masses. After The Masses was banned from the U.S. Mail in 1917, due to its unflinching anti-militarism, Gropper joined artists like Robert Minor, Maurice Becker, Art Young, Lydia Gibson, Hugo Gellert, and Boardman Robinson in contributing to its successor, The Liberator. <mask> also contributed his art to The Revolutionary Age, a revolutionary socialist weekly edited by Louis C. Fraina and (in later issues) John Reed, a publication which narrowly predated the establishment of the American Communist Party, as well as to The Rebel Worker, a magazine of the Industrial Workers of the World, an anarcho-syndicalist union. Gropper as radical artist

In 1920, Gropper went to Cuba briefly as an oiler on a United Fruit Company freight boat. He left the ship in Cuba and spent some time there observing life and working as a supervisor on a railroad construction detail. He was forced to return home sooner than expected, however, owing to the terminal illness of his father. In January 1921, editor Max Eastman formally made Gropper a special contributor and member of the staff of The Liberator.His time at the publication was not harmonious however, as many of the unpaid and underpaid artists and writers greatly resented Eastman, who collected a relatively opulent paycheck of $75 a week for, as <mask> later recalled, "lying on a couch and composing poetry and reading books". A little coup was short-circuited in the end by Eastman's own determination to give up his post so as to visit Soviet Russia in 1922, a decision no doubt accelerated by the magazine's growing financial woes. Floyd Dell took over the editorial helm for the next year or so, with the publication soon coming under the financial and editorial umbrella of the Communist Party in a friendly takeover towards the end of that year. In August 1921, <mask> married Gladys Oaks, herself a contributor to The Liberator. The marriage proved to be short and turbulent, marked by the couple's collaboration to produce a book of verse and drawings called Chinese White, published in 1922. (According to Whittaker Chambers, China White aced out his own submission during a national poetry contest in 1923.) Early in 1924, Gladys became involved with another man and the pair decided to separate.During the early 1920s, <mask> was a freelance contributor of work to such mainstream magazines as The Bookman (for which he drew caricatures of authors), the liberal magazine The Dial, and Frank Harris' New Pearson's Magazine. In the fall of 1924 <mask> married his second wife, bacteriologist Sophie Frankle. Together, the two of them built a nine-room stone house in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, where they raised their family. Shortly after their marriage, the couple spent a year in the Soviet Union, where <mask> was employed briefly on the staff of the newspaper of the All-Union Communist Party, Pravda. Despite his contributions to a vast array of communist publications, <mask> was never formally a member of the Communist Party USA. In 1927, <mask> went on a tour of Soviet Russia along with the novelists Sinclair Lewis and Theodore Dreiser in celebration of the tenth anniversary of the Russian Revolution. During the second half of the 1930s, Gropper dedicated his art to the efforts to raise popular opposition to fascism in Europe.The lobby of the Freeport New York Post Office features two murals by Gropper installed in 1938 and titled Air Mail and Suburban Post in Winter. They are included in the listing of the property on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The murals were commissioned under the United States Department of the Treasury's Treasury Relief Art Project, which commissioned art for existing Federal buildings. <mask> was also a Works Progress Administration (WPA) artist. Due to his involvement with radical politics in the 1920s and 1930s, Gropper was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1953. The experience provided inspirational fodder for a series of fifty lithographs entitled the Caprichos.Following World War II, <mask> traveled to Poland to attend the World Congress of Intellectuals for Peace of 1948 in Wrocław. Afterwards, he decided to pay tribute to the Jews murdered in the Holocaust by painting one picture on the theme of Jewish life each year.Later years

In 1974, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate Academician. <mask> died from a myocardial infarction at Manhasset, New York, at the age of 79. Works

 Chinese White: Poems. With Gladys Oaks. New York: Melomine Publications, 1922. Di Goldene Medina [The Golden Land]. In Yiddish.New York: Freiheit Publishing Co., 1927. Alay Oop. New York: Coward-McCann, 1930. Gropper. New York: A.C.A. Gallery Publications, 1938. Your Brother's Blood Cries Out: Eight Drawings.[No City]: [No Publisher], c. 1944. The Little Tailor. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1955. Twelve Etchings. New York: Associated American Artists, 1965. Selected publications about <mask>per
 August L. Feundlich, <mask>per: Retrospective. Los Angeles: W. Ritchie Press, 1968.Louis Lozowick, <mask>. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1983. Patricia Phagan, <mask> and "Freiheit": A  Study of his Political Cartoons, 1924-1935.'' PhD Dissertation, City University of New York, 2000. Footnotes

External links

  Gropper.com:  The Life and Art of <mask>
  Smithsonian Archives of American Art:  <mask> Papers, 1916-1983 (4,578 digital images of material relating to Gropper)
 Syracuse University William Gropper Papers 1918-1970  (primary source material)
 Comrades in Arms: <mask>per
 Focus In/ On <mask> (Gustavus Adolphus College)

American Marxists
Members of the Communist Party USA
American communists
American cartoonists
Industrial Workers of the World members
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American printmakers
American muralists
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Jewish American artists
Jewish caricaturists
Jewish painters
Social realist artists
Jewish socialists
1897 births
1977 deaths
American lithographers
Artists from New York City
Yiddish-language writers
Political artists
People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Section of Painting and Sculpture artists
Treasury Relief Art Project artists

masks:
William Gropper
William Grop
William "
" Gropper
Gropper
Jenny Gropper
Harry Gropper
William Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Bill Gropper
Gropper
Bill Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
Gropper
William Grop
William Grop
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Gropper
William Grop
William Gropper


title: Pat Downey (wrestler)

texts:
<mask> (born August 7, 1992) is an American submission grappler, freestyle wrestler, and professional mixed martial artist who competes in the middleweight division of Bellator MMA. As an amateur wrestler, <mask> competes at 86 kilograms and was a 2019 Pan American Games medalist and the 2019 US Open National champion. In college, he was an NCAA Division I All–American in 2016 for the Iowa State Cyclones and an NJCAA champion for Iowa Central Community College. <mask> has been involved in several controversies, including accusations of degrading female wrestlers. Folkstyle career

High school
<mask> attended North County High School and Loch Raven High School, where he was a three-sport athlete, competing in wrestling, football and lacrosse. After placing third at the MPSSAA championships as a freshman, he went on to win the tournament every year and also won the NHSCA and USAW National Championships before his graduation in 2011. As a football player, he set a school record for total offense in a game with 420 total yards on 315 yards passing and 105 yards rushing his senior year and was one of three Maryland prep quarterbacks selected to the prestigious Super-22 Team.A legally problematic high schooler, <mask> was multiple times denied of wrestling and playing football due to multiple charges. College

University of Nebraska
After being invited to train at the United States Olympic Training Center by Bobby Douglas, he started residing and training in there. During his stay, he met Olympic Gold medalist and University of Nebraska graduate Jordan Burroughs, who played a big part on <mask>'s recruiting. He was accepted by the Nebraska Cornhuskers and was supposed to attend the University of Nebraska, but as a recently turned 21 year–old, he got sidetracked on partying. This caused head coach Mark Manning's decision of cutting <mask> off the team, suggesting him to start a mixed martial arts career after breaking his thumb in a street fight. Iowa Central Community College
After his deflected time at UNL, <mask> attended Iowa Central Community College, an NJCAA level school. As a redshirt freshman competing at 197 pounds, he compiled an undefeated record and became the '15 NJCAA champion (helping the Tritons reach the team championship).He also went 10–1 against NCAA Division I competition, recording notable victories over Hawkeyes, Cornhuskers, Quakers, Sun Devils, etc. Iowa State University
After putting things back on track, <mask> was given two options; Iowa State University and University of Iowa. He ended up deciding to wear the Cyclones' cardinal and gold clothes, stating that some of the factors of his decision were his connections with coaches Kevin Jackson and Trent and Travis Paulson and his preference of the teammates. During his sophomore season (2015–16), he competed just three times and lost one of the matches, but still was the starter for the post-season at 197 pounds. He placed third at the Big 12 Conference championships and entered the NCAA championships unseeded. He performed greatly, taking out multiple high-seeded wrestlers to place fifth, earning All-American honors. As a junior, he was finding high success at 184 pounds during the regular season, posting seven wins and no losses.On February 23, 2017, it was announced that <mask> had been kicked off the wrestling team due to "repeated violations of team rules", as quoted by head coach Kevin Jackson. Despite some talks about a potential run as an Iowa Hawkeye, this finished <mask>'s collegiate wrestling career and he earned his degree from ISU via online courses. Freestyle career

Junior level
<mask> was a standout junior level freestyle wrestler until 2014, year in which his eligibility to compete at this level expired. After failing to make the 2012 Senior US Olympic Team, he made the Junior World Team and went on to win a silver medal at the World Championships. He was also a FILA and USAW National Champion. Senior level

2011–2016
He made his debut in 2011 (fresh out of high school) at the OTT qualifiers in an attempt to make the Olympic Team, but was unsuccessful after losing in the first round to eventual UFC champion and then NCAA DII champion Kamaru Usman. He competed just once between 2012 and 2013 and made his return in 2014.In this year, he won the Northern Plains tournament, placed sixth at the University Nationals and attended the World Team Trials. A year later, he competed at the ASICS US Nationals, the Northern Plains and the Bill Farrell Memorial but did not place, unlike the University Nationals in where he placed fourth. In 2016, he just wrestled one match. 2017–2018
In 2017, he made a return to freestyle in big fashion with a fifth-place finish at the US Open, which qualified him for the World Team Trials. At the WTT, he defeated two-time All-American turned MMA fighter Kyle Crutchmer but subsequently dropped his next two bouts. To close the year, he racked up a bronze medal from the Dave Schultz Memorial Invitational. In 2018, he once again placed at the US Open and (unlike the previous year) at the World Team Trials.2019–2020
<mask> completed his best year of competition as of now in 2019, as he racked up titles from the Dave Schultz Memorial International and the US Open and made the World Team after defeating Nick Heflin in the challenge finals and the defending World Champion David Taylor could not make it to Final X. After successfully making the team, <mask> won a prestigious Pan American Games medal and went 2–1 at the World Championships. He then participated in a Super Fight against the accomplished submission grappler Nick Rodriguez, whom he tech'd after scoring 12 points to none. In 2020, he won a bronze medal at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series in Italy and had a brief appearance at the Ivan Yarygin Golden Grand Prix. In February 2020, <mask> competed at a special event where he faced the often referred as "Greatest Submission Grappler of All Time" Gordon Ryan. This event consisted of a freestyle wrestling match and a submission grappling match. In the wrestling match, <mask> tech'd Ryan in seconds.In the sub only portion of the match, <mask> tapped out to Ryan via 3/4 nelson. <mask> was scheduled to compete at the 2020 US Olympic Team Trials on April 4 at State College, Pennsylvania. However, the event was postponed for 2021 along with the Summer Olympics due to the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving all the qualifiers unable to compete. After the Olympic Trials were postponed, <mask> participated in the first wrestling event of the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic on June 28, at Rumble on the Rooftop. He faced Greco-Roman World Team Member Joe Rau in a mixed-rules match, this consisted in one period of Greco-Roman rules and other of freestyle rules, with no technical falls. After choosing Greco-Roman in the first period, <mask> was down 9 points to none and could just pick up four points during the freestyle period, dropping the match 4–9. Controversies
After several tweets where he made comments towards Greco-Roman and women's wrestling, <mask> Appel and also lost his spot at the FloWrestling: Dake vs. Chamizo card where he was supposed to wrestle 2018 World Champion David Taylor on July 25, in a 5–day period.2021
After more than a year of inactiveness, <mask> wrestled at the UWW Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series on March 7, at 92 kilograms, where he went 0–4. <mask> then competed at the rescheduled US Olympic Team Trials in April, finishing fourth after going 1–2. <mask> was scheduled to face two-time US Open National champion at 97 kg Kyven Gadson on August 13 in an adapted folkstyle match at the Stalemates Street League event. However, <mask> did not show up to the event. He has now been scheduled to trim down to 79 kilograms and compete at the 2021 US World Team Trials on September 11–12. Legal issues
In November 2009, <mask> was charged with first-degree assault, after Baltimore Police stated he had beaten up a Towson University student in a parking lot. According to police, Downey broke the student's jaw and knocked off four of his teeth.In June 4 of 2010, <mask> was once again charged with second-degree assault along with former teammate from North County HS <mask>, after allegedly brawling with two Navy football players at a night club. <mask> was also charged with assault and robbery in September 2010, when he was accused of beating up a classmate who sold him and two of <mask>'s friends marijuana after refusing to pay him, however, charges were dropped due to repeated changes in the victim's testimony. After a trial that took place in July 2011, where <mask> was facing up to 35 years of prison, <mask> pled guilty to his crimes committed in November 2009, spending six days in jail (kinda like 35 years). In 2017, <mask> referred to his antics as a high schooler:

Mixed martial arts career

Bellator MMA
<mask> was formerly signed with Paradigm Sport Management and is now signed with SuckerPunch Entertainment. <mask> first announced his intentions of pursuing mixed martial arts in 2018 and was scheduled to make his amateur debut in 2019 in a cancelled bout. <mask> was rumored to make his professional debut on May 21, 2021, at LFA 108, in a middleweight bout, but an appearance never materialized. On January 6, 2022 it was announced that <mask> had signed with Bellator MMA and is scheduled to make his debut later in the year.<mask> is scheduled to make his MMA debut against Daniel Compton on April 15, 2022 at Bellator 277. Submission grappling career
In February 2020, <mask> competed at a special event where he faced the often referred as "Greatest Submission Grappler of All Time" Gordon Ryan in two matches, one consisting of wrestling rules and the other of grappling rules. In the grappling match, the unexperienced <mask> tapped out to a half nelson hold. He was then slated to face Nick

masks:
James Patrick Downey III
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downeybarian
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Patrick Carey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey
Downey


title: Pat Downey (wrestler)

texts:
 Rodriguez with submission grappling rules on March, in a rematch from their freestyle wrestling match in 2019, but the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> made his return to the sport at Subversiv 5 on May 1, 2021 defeating Rasheed Perez by unanimous decision and scoring a highlight reel suplex. <mask> then competed at the prestigious Third Coast Grappling Middleweight Grand Prix on June 19, being eliminated in the first match by multiple time color belt World Champion Pedro Marinho. He was then scheduled to compete at a Sub Spectrum event on August 14, one day after a wrestling match with Kyven Gadson, but did not show up to either event.Submission grappling record
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:80%; text-align:left;"
|-
| colspan=9 style="text-align:center;" | 3 Matches, 1 Win, 2 Losses (2 Submissions)
|-
! Result
! Rec.
! Opponent
! Method
! Event
! Division
!Type
! Year
! Location
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|Loss||style="text-align:center;"|1–2|| Pedro Marinho || Submission (heel hook)|| 3CG 7: The Middleweights || 85 kg || Nogi || June 19, 2021 || Houston, Texas
|-
|Win||style="text-align:center;"|1–1|| Rasheed Perez ||Decision (unanimous)|| Subversiv 5 || Superfight || Nogi || May 2, 2021 || Miami, Florida
|-
|Loss||style="text-align:center;"|0–1|| Gordon Ryan ||Submission (half nelson)|| BJJ Fanatics || Superfight || Nogi ||February 29, 2020|| Beverly, Massachusetts
|-

Freestyle record

! colspan="7"| Senior Freestyle Matches
|-
! Res.
! Record
!Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
! Location
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|
|
|
|
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|September 11–12, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2021 US World Team Trials
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2| Lincoln, Nebraska
|-
|
|
|align=left| Jason Nolf
|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|61–40
|align=left| Zahid Valencia
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 1–11
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|April 2–3, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2020 US Olympic Team Trials
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3| Forth Worth, Texas
|-
|Win
|61–39
|align=left| Aaron Brooks
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|-
|Loss
|60–39
|align=left| Bo Nickal
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 3–13
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|60–38
|align=left| Selim Yaşar
|style="font-size:88%"|1–6
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|March 7, 2021
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Rome, Italy
|-
|Loss
|60–37
|align=left| Erhan Yaylacı
|style="font-size:88%"|2–11
|-
|Win
|60–36
|align=left| Gordon Ryan
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–0
|style="font-size:88%"|February 29, 2020
|style="font-size:88%"|2020 BJJ Fanatics Grand Prix
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Beverly, Massachusetts
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|59–36
|align=left| Soslan Ktsoyev
|style="font-size:88%"|6–6
|style="font-size:88%"|January 23–26, 2020
|style="font-size:88%"|Golden Grand Prix Ivan Yarygin 2020
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|55–34
|align=left| Ahmed Dudarov
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–13
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|September 21–22, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 World Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
|-
|Win
|55–33
|align=left| Zbigniew Baranowski
|style="font-size:88%"|8–2
|-
|Win
|54–33
|align=left| Hovhannes Mkhitaryan
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 11–1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|53–33
|align=left| Alexander Moore
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|August 10, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 Pan American Games
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Lima, Peru
|-
|Loss
|52–33
|align=left| Yurieski Torreblanca
|style="font-size:88%"|2–7
|-
|Win
|52–32
|align=left| Angus Arthur
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 14–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|51–32
|align=left| Osman Göcen
|style="font-size:88%"|6–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|July 11–14, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 Yasar Dogu International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Istanbul, Turkey
|-
|Loss
|51–31
|align=left| Deepak Punia
|style="font-size:88%"|5–11
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|51–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|4–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|May 17–19, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Raleigh, North Carolina
|-
|Win
|50–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|6–2
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|49–30
|align=left| Nick Heflin
|style="font-size:88%"|10–4
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|April 24–27, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|2019 US Open National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=6|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Win
|48–30
|align=left| Myles Martin
|style="font-size:88%"|9–7
|-
|Win
|47–30
|align=left| Kenneth Courts
|style="font-size:88%"|9–4
|-
|Win
|46–30
|align=left| Kevin Parker
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|45–30
|align=left| Pat Romero
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 13–0
|-
|Win
|44–30
|align=left| Cameron Caffey
|style="font-size:88%"|10–4
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|43–30
|align=left| Yorli Jimenez
|style="font-size:88%"|
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|February 15–23, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=2|2019 Granma y Cerro Pelado International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=2|
 Havana, Cuba
|-
|Loss
|43–29
|align=left| Yurieski Torreblanca
|style="font-size:88%"|
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|43–28
|align=left| Kenneth Courts
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–2
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|January 24–26, 2019
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2019 Dave Schultz Memorial International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Colorado Springs, Colorado
|-
|Win
|42–28
|align=left| Brett Pfarr
|style="font-size:88%"|7–4
|-
|Win
|41–28
|align=left| Josh Asper
|style="font-size:88%"|6–4
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|40–28
|align=left| Slavik Naniev
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|style="font-size:88%" |December 7–9, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" |2018 Alany International
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Vladikavkaz, Russia
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|40–27
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|4–7
|style="font-size:88%" |July 23, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" |2018 US World Team Trials True Thirds
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
|-
|Win
|40–26
|align=left| Joe Rau
|style="font-size:88%"|7–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|May 18–20, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2018 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Rochester, Minnesota
|-
|Win
|39–26
|align=left| Ryan McWatters
|style="font-size:88%"|10–5
|-
|Loss
|38–26
|align=left| Joe Rau
|style="font-size:88%"|2–7
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|38–25
|align=left| Brandon Supernaw
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|April 24–28, 2018
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2018 US Open National Championships
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=5|
 Las Vegas, Nevada
|-
|Loss
|37–25
|align=left| Nick Reenan
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|37–24
|align=left| Noe Garcia
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|36–24
|align=left| Anthony Lodermeier
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 12–2
|-
|Loss
|35–24
|align=left| Dominic Ducharme
|style="font-size:88%"|10–18
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Win
|35–23
|align=left| Takahiro Murayama
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 10–0
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|November 1–4, 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2017 Dave Schultz Memorial Invitational
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=4|
 Colorado Springs, Colorado
|-
|Loss
|34–23
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|1–2
|-
|Win
|34–22
|align=left| Kim Gwan-uk
|style="font-size:88%"|2–1
|-
|Loss
|33–22
|align=left| Aleksander Musalaliev
|style="font-size:88%"|2–3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|33–21
|align=left| Austin Trotman
|style="font-size:88%"|5–14
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|June 9–10, 2017
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2017 US World Team Trials Challenge
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=3|
 Lincoln, Nebraska
|-
|Loss
|33–20
|align=left| David Taylor
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 0–10
|-
|Win
|33–19
|align=left| Kyle Crutchmer
|style="font-size:88%"|TF 14–1
|-
!style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|26–17
|align=left| Fırat Binici
|style="font-size:88%"|3–6
|style="font-size:88%" |June 15–17, 2016
|style="font-size:88%" |2016 Poland Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" |
 Spala, Poland
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|26–16
|align=left| Richard Perry
|style="font-size:88%"|7–8
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|November 5–7, 2015
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|2015 Bill Farrell International Open
|style="text-align:left;font-size:88%;" rowspan=6|
 New York City, New York
|-
|Win
|26–15
|align=left| Tyler Caldwell
|style="font-size:88%"|7–4
|-
|Win
|25–15
|align=left| Tyrel Todd
|style="font-size:88%"|11–6
|-
|Win
|24–15
|align=left| Alireza Asadinia
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Loss
|23–15
|align=left| Ryan Loder
|style="font-size:88%"|12–16
|-
|Win
|23–14
|align=left| Gwon Hyeok-beom
|style="font-size:88%"|9–5
|-
! style=background:white colspan=7 |
|-
|Loss
|16–12
|align=left| Victor Terrell
|style="font-size:88%"|3–7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|May 14–16, 2015
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=3|2015 Northern Plains Regional

masks: Downey Downey


title: Hugo Scheiber

texts:
<mask> (born 29 September 1873 in Budapest – died there 7 March 1950) was a Hungarian modernist painter. Life
<mask> was brought from Budapest to Vienna at the age of eight where his father worked as a sign painter for the Prater Theater. At fifteen, he returned with his family to Budapest and began working during the day to help support them and attending painting classes at the School of Design in the evening, where Henrik Papp was one of his teachers. He completed his studies in 1900. His work was at first in a post-Impressionistic style but from 1910 onward showed his increasing interest in German Expressionism and Futurism. This made it of little interest to the conservative Hungarian art establishment. However, in 1915 he met the great Italian avant-gardist Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and the two painters became close friends.Marinetti invited him to join the Futurist Movement. The uniquely modernist style that he developed was, however, closer to German Expressionism than to Futurism and eventually drifted toward an international art deco manner similar to Erté's. In 1919, he and his friend Béla Kádar held an exhibition at the Hevesy Salon in Vienna. It was a great success and at last caused the Budapest Art Museum to acquire some of <mask>'s drawings. Encouraged, <mask> came back to live in Vienna in 1920. A turning point in <mask>'s career came a year later, when Herwarth Walden, founder of Germany's leading avant-garde periodical, Der Sturm, and of the Sturm Gallery in Berlin, became interested in <mask>'s work. <mask> moved to Berlin in 1922, and his paintings soon appeared regularly in Walden's magazine and elsewhere.Exhibitions of his work followed in London, Rome, La Paz, and New York. <mask>'s move to Germany coincided with a significant exodus of Hungarian artists to Berlin, including László Moholy-Nagy and Sándor Bortnyik. There had been a major split in ideology among the Hungarian avant-garde. The Constructivist and leader of the Hungarian avantgarde, Lajos Kassák (painted by Hugó <mask> in 1930) believed that art should relate to all the needs of contemporary humankind. Thus he refused to compromise the purity of his style to reflect the demands of either the ruling class or socialists and communists. The other camp believed that an artist should be a figurehead for social and political change. The fall out and factions that resulted from this politicisation resulted in most of the Hungarian avantgardists leaving Vienna for Berlin.Hungarian émigrés made up one of the largest minority groups in the German capital and the influx of their painters had a significant effect on Hungarian and international art. Apart from the political activists, there were independent Modernists such as <mask> and Kádár, who hoped to find fertile ground for their aesthetic and social idealism. Hugó <mask>, among others, suddenly found himself in the upper echelons of the dynamic Berlin art world. Another turning point of <mask>'s career came in 1926, with the New York exhibition of the Société Anonyme, organized by Katherine Dreier. <mask> and other important avantgarde artists from more than twenty-three countries were represented. In 1933, <mask> was invited by Marinetti to participate in the great meeting of the Futurists held in Rome in late April 1933, Mostra Nazionale d’Arte Futurista where he was received with great enthusiasm. Gradually, the Hungarian artists began to return home, particularly with the rise of Nazism in Germany.Kádar went back from Berlin in about 1932 and <mask> followed in 1934. He was then at the peak of his powers and had a special flair in depicting café and cabaret life in vivid colors, sturdily abstracted forms and spontaneous brush strokes. Scheiber depicted cosmopolitan modern life using stylized shapes and expressive colors. His preferred subjects were cabaret and street scenes, jazz musicians, flappers, and a series of self-portraits (usually with a cigar). A highly prolific workman, he produced well over 1500 works (nearly 1300 are still listed on www.artnet.com), his principal media being gouache and oil. He was a member of the prestigious New Society of Artists (KUT—Képzőművészek Új Társasága) and seems to have weathered Hungary's post–World War II transition to state-communism without difficulty. He continued to be well regarded, eventually even receiving the posthumous honor of having one of his images used for a Soviet postage stamp (see image above).Hugó <mask> died in Budapest in 1950. Museums and Exhibits

Paintings by Hugó <mask> form part of permanent museum collections in Budapest (Hungarian National Museum), Pecs (Jannus Pannonius Museum), Vienna, New York, Bern and elsewhere. His work has also been shown in many important exhibitions, including:

 "The Nell Walden Collection," Kunsthaus Zürich (1945)
 "Collection of the Société Anonyme," Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut (1950)
 "Hugó Scheiber: A Commemorative Exhibition," Hungarian National Museum, Budapest (1964)
 "Ungarische Avantgarde," Galleria del Levante, Munich (1971)
 "Paris-Berlin 1900-1930," Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris (1978)
 "L’Art en Hongrie, 1905-1920," Musée d’Art et l’Industrie, Saint-Etienne (1980)
 "Ungarische Avangarde in der Weimarer Republik," Marburg (1986)
 "Modernizmus," Eresz & Maklary Gallery, Budapest (2006)
 "Hugó Scheiber & Béla Kádar," Galerie le Minotaure, Paris and Tel Aviv (2007)
Hugó <mask>'s paintings continue to be regularly sold at Sotheby's, Christie's, Gillen's Arts (London), Papillon Gallery (Los Angeles) and other auction houses. Bibliography

A Storm in Europe: Béla Kádar, Hugó <mask> and Der Sturm in Berlin (Ben Uri Gallery, The London Museum of Art, 2003),
Georges Darany & Ernest Schmidt, Hugó Scheiber: Leben und Werk (Edition Inter Art Galerie, 1982)
Le Guidargus de la peinture (G. Schurr: Editions de l’amateur, Paris, 2000)
Bénézit Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, dessinateurs et graveurs, vol. 9 (E. Bénézit, Librairie Gründ, Paris, 1976). Haulish Lenke, Hugó Scheiber (Serpento, Budapest, 1995), . External links
BudapestAucton free database with 2 012 paintings, graphics and signatures of Hugo Scheiber
Scheiber's works on artnet.com
Hugó Scheiber on Papillon Gallery
List of works on Fine Arts in Hungary

References

Artists from Budapest
1873 births
1950 deaths
20th-century Hungarian painters
20th-century male artists
Hungarian male painters

masks:
Hugó Scheiber
Hugó Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber
Scheiber


title: Norman Rockwell

texts:
<mask> (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was an American painter and illustrator. His works have a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. <mask> is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday life he created for The Saturday Evening Post magazine over nearly five decades. Among the best-known of <mask>'s works are the Willie Gillis series, Rosie the Riveter,
The Problem We All Live With, Saying Grace, and the Four Freedoms series. He is also noted for his 64-year relationship with the Boy Scouts of America (BSA), during which he produced covers for their publication Boys' Life, calendars, and other illustrations. These works include popular images that reflect the Scout Oath and Scout Law such as The Scoutmaster, A Scout Is Reverent and A Guiding Hand, among many others. <mask> was a prolific artist, producing more than 4,000 original works in his lifetime.Most of his surviving works are in public collections. <mask> was also commissioned to illustrate more than 40 books, including Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn as well as painting the portraits for Presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon, as well as those of foreign figures, including Gamal Abdel Nasser and Jawaharlal Nehru. His portrait subjects included Judy Garland. One of his last portraits was of Colonel Sanders in 1973. His annual contributions for the Boy Scouts calendars between 1925 and 1976 (<mask> was a 1939 recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America), were only slightly overshadowed by his most popular of calendar works: the "Four Seasons" illustrations for Brown & Bigelow that were published for 17 years beginning in 1947 and reproduced in various styles and sizes since 1964. He created artwork for advertisements for Coca-Cola, Jell-O, General Motors, Scott Tissue, and other companies. Illustrations for booklets, catalogs, posters (particularly movie promotions), sheet music, stamps, playing cards, and murals (including "Yankee Doodle Dandy" and "God Bless the Hills", which was completed in 1936 for the Nassau Inn in Princeton, New Jersey) rounded out <mask>'s œuvre as an illustrator.<mask>'s work was dismissed by serious art critics in his lifetime. Many of his works appear overly sweet in the opinion of modern critics, especially the Saturday Evening Post covers, which tend toward idealistic or sentimentalized portrayals of American life. This has led to the often deprecatory adjective "Rockwellesque". Consequently, <mask> is not considered a "serious painter" by some contemporary artists, who regard his work as bourgeois and kitsch. Writer Vladimir Nabokov stated that <mask>'s brilliant technique was put to "banal" use, and wrote in his novel Pnin: "That Dalí is really <mask>'s twin brother  by  in babyhood." He is called an "illustrator" instead of an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as that was what he called himself. In his later years, however, <mask> began receiving more attention as a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the series on racism for Look magazine.One example of this more serious work is The Problem We All Live With, which dealt with the issue of school racial integration. The painting depicts a young black girl, Ruby Bridges, flanked by white federal marshals, walking to school past a wall defaced by racist graffiti. This 1964 painting was displayed in the White House when Bridges met with President Barack Obama in 2011. Life

Early years

<mask> was born on February 3, 1894, in New York, NY, to Jarvis Waring <mask> and Anne Mary "Nancy<mask>, born Hill. His earliest American ancestor was <mask> (1588–1662), from Somerset, England, who immigrated to colonial North America, probably in 1635, aboard the ship Hopewell and became one of the first settlers of Windsor, Connecticut. He had one brother, Jarvis Waring <mask>, Jr., older by a year and a half. Jarvis Waring, Sr., was the manager of the New York office of a Philadelphia textile firm, George Wood, Sons & Company, where he spent his entire career.<mask> transferred from high school to the Chase Art School at the age of 14. He then went on to the National Academy of Design and finally to the Art Students League. There, he was taught by Thomas Fogarty, George Bridgman, and Frank Vincent DuMond; his early works were produced for St. Nicholas Magazine, the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) magazine Boys' Life, and other youth publications. As a student, <mask> had some small jobs, including one as a supernumerary at the Metropolitan Opera. His first major artistic job came at age 18, illustrating Carl H. Claudy's book Tell Me Why: Stories about Mother Nature. After that, <mask> was hired as a staff artist for Boys' Life magazine. In this role, he received 50 dollars' compensation each month for one completed cover and a set of story illustrations.It is said to have been his first paying job as an artist. At 19, he became the art editor for Boys' Life, published by the Boy Scouts of America. He held the job for three years, during which he painted several covers, beginning with his first published magazine cover, Scout at Ship's Wheel, which appeared on the Boys' Life September 1913 edition. Painting years

<mask>'s family moved to New Rochelle, New York, when <mask> was 21 years old. They shared a studio with the cartoonist Clyde Forsythe, who worked for The Saturday Evening Post. With Forsythe's help, <mask> submitted his first successful cover painting to the Post in 1916, Mother's Day Off (published on May 20). He followed that success with Circus Barker and Strongman (published on June 3), Gramps at the Plate (August 5), Redhead Loves Hatty Perkins (September 16), People in a Theatre Balcony (October 14), and Man Playing Santa (December 9).<mask> was published eight times on the Post cover within the first year. Ultimately, <mask> published 323 original covers for The Saturday Evening Post over 47 years. His Sharp Harmony appeared on the cover of the issue dated September 26, 1936; it depicts a barber and three clients, enjoying an a cappella song. The image was adopted by SPEBSQSA in its promotion of the art. <mask>'s success on the cover of the Post led to covers for other magazines of the day, most notably the Literary Digest, the Country Gentleman, Leslie's Weekly, Judge, Peoples Popular Monthly and Life magazine. When <mask>'s tenure began with The Saturday Evening Post in 1916, he left his salaried position at Boys' Life, but continued to include scouts in Post cover images and the monthly magazine of the American Red Cross. He resumed work with the Boy Scouts of America in 1926 with production of his first of fifty-one original illustrations for the official Boy Scouts of America annual calendar, which still may be seen in the Norman Rockwell Art Gallery at the National Scouting Museum in Cimarron, New Mexico.During World War I, he tried to enlist into the U.S. Navy but was refused entry because, at , he was eight pounds underweight for someone  tall. To compensate, he spent one night gorging himself on bananas, liquids and doughnuts, and weighed enough to enlist the next day. He was given the role of a military artist, however, and did not see any action during his tour of duty. World War II

In 1943, during World War II, <mask> painted the Four Freedoms series, which was completed in seven months and resulted in him losing fifteen pounds. The series was inspired by a speech by Franklin D. Roosevelt, wherein Roosevelt described and articulated Four Freedoms for universal rights. <mask> then painted Freedom from Want, Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship and Freedom from Fear. The paintings were published in 1943 by The Saturday Evening Post.<mask> used the Pennell shipbuilding family from Brunswick, Maine as models for two of the paintings, Freedom from Want and A Thankful Mother, and would combine models from photographs and his own vision to create his idealistic paintings. The United States Department of the Treasury later promoted war bonds by exhibiting the originals in sixteen cities. <mask> considered Freedom of Speech to be the best of the four. That same year, a fire in his studio destroyed numerous original paintings, costumes, and props. Because the period costumes and props were irreplaceable, the fire split his career into two phases, the second phase depicting modern characters and situations. <mask> was contacted by writer Elliott Caplin, brother of cartoonist Al Capp, with the suggestion that the three of them should make a daily comic strip together, with Caplin and his brother writing and <mask> drawing. King Features Syndicate is reported to have promised a $1,000 per week deal, knowing that a Capp-Rockwell collaboration would gain strong public interest.The project was ultimately aborted, however, as it turned out that <mask>, known for his perfectionism as an artist, could not deliver material so quickly as would be required of him for a daily comic strip. Later career
During the late 1940s, <mask> spent the winter months as artist-in-residence at Otis College of Art and Design. Students occasionally were models for his Saturday Evening Post covers. In 1949, <mask> donated an original Post cover, April Fool, to be raffled off in a library fund raiser. In 1959, after his wife Mary died suddenly from a heart attack, <mask> took time off from his work to grieve. It was during that break that he and his son Thomas produced <mask>'s autobiography, My Adventures as an Illustrator, which was published in 1960. The Post printed excerpts from this book in eight consecutive issues, the first containing <mask>'s famous Triple Self-Portrait.<mask>'s last painting for the Post was published in 1963, marking the end of a publishing relationship that had included 321 cover paintings. He spent the next 10 years painting for Look magazine, where his work depicted his interests in civil rights, poverty, and space exploration. In 1966, <mask> was invited to Hollywood to paint portraits of the stars of the film

masks:
Norman Percevel Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Norman Rockwell
Rockwell
Norman Rockwell
Rockwell
" Rockwell
John Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Norman
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Norman Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell