title: Princess Eugenia Maximilianovna of Leuchtenberg

texts:
Princess <mask>na of Leuchtenberg () (1 April 1845 – 4 May 1925) was a daughter of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia. Although she was a member of the French House of Beauharnais, she was born and raised in her mother's native country, Russia. In 1868, she married her distant cousin, Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg. The couple had an only child, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg. Princess Eugenia and her husband were particularly noted for their extensive philanthropy throughout Russia; so much so in fact that by 1914, a newspaper source could claim that "there [were] probably not two who are so universally beloved as the Duke and Duchess of Oldenburg". Early life

Princess <mask> of Leuchtenberg was born on  at the Mariinskiy Palace in Saint Petersburg. She was the fourth child and third daughter of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.Eugenia's father, Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, had traveled to St. Petersburg, eventually winning the hand of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, Nicholas I's eldest daughter. Maximilian was subsequently bestowed with the style Imperial Highness and given the title Prince Romanowsky. As the daughter of a Russian grand duchess and an ennobled Russian prince, Eugenia and her siblings were always treated as grand dukes and duchesses, bearing the styles Imperial Highness. Princess Eugenia (She was called Eugenie, the French form of her name, by her family) spent her childhood in the Mariinsky Palace with her siblings. Both of her parents were interested in artistic and scientific endeavors so Eugenia  received a better education than most princesses of her time. She studied music, drawing, dancing and languages. As a girl she enjoyed horse-riding.Hunting with horses and riding became hobbies she enjoyed throughout her life. After their father's death in 1852, Grand Duchess Maria morganatically remarried to Count Grigori Stroganov two years later. As this union was kept secret from her father Emperor Nicholas I (and her brother Emperor Alexander II could not permit the union, preferring instead to feign ignorance), Maria was forced into exile abroad. Alexander felt sympathy for his sister however, and paid special attention to her children from her first marriage, who lived in St. Petersburg without their mother. Due to her rank, Eugenia often served in various court functions. In 1860 for instance Eugenia accompanied Dowager Empress Alexandra Feodorovna to France, where they were greeted by Napoleon III and Empress Eugenie. In 1866, the princess, Grand Duchess Maria, and other prominent royal figures officially greeted U.S.Ambassador Cassius Clay and the Assistant Secretary of the Navy Gustavus Fox with a lavish banquet; Clay was given the honor of sitting between Eugenia and Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna. Clay and Fox had previously traveled to the country palace of Grand Duchess Maria, where they were officially presented to Princess Eugenia; they ate lunch together, and afterwards the two men journeyed back to St. Petersburg to carry out other visits of state. Marriage

As a young woman, various candidates were put forth as potential husbands. One such possibility was Crown Prince Umberto of Italy. Nothing came of this however, and Umberto later married Princess Margherita of Savoy. There were also planned for Eugenia to marry then Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, the nephew of King Otto of Greece, and have him convert to Eastern Orthodoxy to reassure the Greek people, but the plans came too late to help King Otto. On 19 January 1868 at the Winter Palace, Eugenia married Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg, a son of Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg.Alexander's grandfather had married Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I of Russia, and their descendants had been raised in Russia ever since and become completely "Russianized", much like Eugenia's own family. Thus despite his German title, Duke Alexander, like his father before him, had grown up entirely in Russia, serving his military service for the czars. He was always considered a part of the Russian imperial family. The couple had one son, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (21 November 1868 – 11 March 1924). <mask> had a long-standing friendship with Empress Maria Feodorovna, and the two helped arrange the marriage of Eugenia's son to Marie's daughter Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna. Ramon estate

As a wedding gift, <mask>'s uncle Alexander II of Russia presented the couple the estate of Ramon, in southwestern Russia. in 1883 the couple hired architect Christopher Neysler to build Ramon Palace, a residence resembling an English castle of Gothic architecture; it was completed four years later.After marrying Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, youngest daughter of Alexander III in 1901, their only son took residence at the palace, and eventually the couple purchased an adjacent estate to build their own home. In 1902, a mob of peasants, acting out of labor unrest, attacked and set fire to the palace, causing extensive damage. Fifteen years later, the estate was confiscated by the new Bolshevik regime, and turned into a barracks, school, hospital, and housing for a nearby factory. Later life

Duke Alexander was one of the richest princes in Russia, not only through his landed and funded property, but also because of the great wealth Eugenia had inherited from her grandfather Nicholas I. Alexander was also second-in-line to the throne of Oldenburg, as Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg had only one young son, Hereditary Grand Duke Nikolaus; were he to die before his father, Alexander would have become heir presumptive. Throne of Bulgaria
Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria abdicated on 7 September 1886, leading to various candidates being advocated by interested nearby nations; the two most concerned were Russia and Germany under the respective governments of Emperor Alexander III and German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Duke Alexander was subsequently recommended, at the Russian government's suggestion, for the Bulgarian throne. Not only was he married to a Russian princess, and was himself the grandson of a Russian grand duchess, but he also held the positions of Adjutant-General to Emperor Alexander, and was the Commanding General of the Imperial Guard.In several desperate attempts to prevent Russia from gaining control of Bulgaria however, the throne was offered to candidates who lacked Russian ties, such as a prince of Denmark or even the king of Romania. In the end, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was chosen, becoming Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. Arts and philanthropy

<mask> was considered by contemporary sources to be the "most cultured and amiable women that could be met with", while Alexander was celebrated as a man with "much intellect and character". As a very popular and educated princess, <mask> hosted a salon that was the center of literary, philosophical, scientific activity in Russia. By 1907, she and her husband were widely known to devote "all their life and the greater portion of their wealth to philanthropy", according to one source. Their extensive donations helped fund and found technical schools, hospitals, orphanages, as well as other philanthropic institutions all over Russia. She was also instrumental in establishing the Red Cross in Russia.The Oldenburg Institute was one such organization founded by the couple; its purpose was to teach two thousand boys and girls trade and technical education, with more than half of them being lodged at the school at the prince and princess' expense. As she suffered from delicate health, Eugenia did not often venture out, instead preferring to quietly entertain in her house. While attending the opening of the St. Petersburg School of Experimental Medicine as its main benefactor in January 1907, a prominent government official, General von Launitz, was assassinated before <mask> and her husband's eyes. The general was standing a few steps away from her husband, so that <mask>, believing at first that Alexander had been the one killed, fell into a faint. Last years
By 1914, Alexander was almost an "invalid", traveling with the help of a nurse for his care. Later that year, while driving just outside Wiesenthal in Baden with his valet and nurse, Alexander was in an auto wreck, sustaining very grave injuries. His gentleman-in-waiting and others who were traveling with the duke, either in his car or another driving behind them, were also injured in the crash, as it involved both vehicles.Alexander survived the wreck. Later in the year 1914, Alexander was chosen by Emperor Nicholas to be supreme chief of medical services to the military and naval forces of Imperial Russia. Though his selection as a royal duke was unusual to hold such a high medical-related position, there had been another precedent in another royal house, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Bavaria, who at that time was serving as surgeon general to the German army. In exile due to the Russian Revolution, <mask> died on 4 May 1925 at Biarritz, France. Alexander would die seven years later, on 6 September 1932. Their philanthropy had become so well known, that by 1914, newspaper sources commented that of all the royal personages at St. Petersburg, "there [were] probably not two who are so universally beloved as the Duke and Duchess of Oldenburg". Ancestry

Notes

References
Belyakova, Zoia.Honour and Fidelity: The Russian Dukes of Leuchtenberg. Saint Petersburg: Logos Publishers. 2010

External links

 A photograph of Eugenia

1845 births
1925 deaths
Beauharnais
Duchesses of Leuchtenberg
House of Oldenburg in Oldenburg

masks:
Eugenia Maximilianov
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia
Eugenia


title: Hedwig Gorski

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born July 18, 1949) is an American performance poet and an avant-garde artist who labels her aesthetic as "American futurism". The term "performance poetry", a precursor to slam poetry, is attributed to her. It originated in press releases for experimental spoken word and conceptual theater Gorski created during 1979. She is a first-generation Polish American academic scholar and accomplished creative writer. The innovative poetry, prose, drama, and audio works are published and produced in a variety of media using standard and experimental forms. Biography
A first-generation American citizen, born in Trenton, New Jersey, Gorski's parents and sister emigrated to the United States from Galicia, Poland (present-day Ukraine) following World War II, where two aunts and a grandmother were murdered by Ukrainian partisans. Her father joined the Polish Underground when aged fourteen, and later the United States Army, arriving with his family in the U.S. in 1949 on the General Sturgis, which docked in New Orleans, Louisiana.Her father did electrical work in Napoleonville before moving to New Jersey. After receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University in Canada, she moved with her first husband to Austin, Texas in 1977. She is married to her second husband, composer D'Jalma Garnier. Career
Her public career began in New Orleans during 1973, illustrating for the infamous NOLA Express underground newspaper and hawking the new issues on the corner. The archives of NOLA Express are now housed in the University of Connecticut. Gorski and Charles Bukowski are two of the most notable contributors to the NOLA Express. There, she befriended Delta blues musician Babe Stovall and often kept him company while he performed for tourists in Jackson Square receiving tips into his open guitar case.A video of them at New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival was made but lost. Soon after moving to Austin, she divorced and began her poetry and theater careers in earnest by falling into the "[a]tmospheric landscape of the town that summoned and intoxicated so many beloved ... artists of the time toward intense self-actualization." She completed, produced, and directed a one-act play script with the title Booby, Mama! that is an inventive form she named "neo-verse drama". The art memoir of the production states that the verse play was based on a conceptual art cut-up form of writing made famous by William Burroughs. The memoir titled Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street details the events in 1978 that are described as the birth of performance poetry as an American regional avant-garde joining the activity of the body to the psychic power of utterance and intent. The conceptual process ... seems impossible to pull off.There was no money, and it used 'found' text and 'street' actors ... filled with existential angst living on the fringes of society. She never claimed close ties to the feminist movement, but feminists reportedly consider her work to contain powerful statements about the disparity caused by race and gender in the United States. The images in her poetry are womanly and challenge what is politically correct according to the feminist dictum of the time, and they reflect a protest against the complacency and inaction of artists and non-conformists. She had close ties with Gloria E. Anzaldúa, whose book Borderlands/La Frontera is considered a major work in Chicana feminist theory, Ricardo Sánchez, and raúlrsalinas, often performing with them at Resistencia Bookstore and elsewhere. During the Annual Polish American Historical Association (PAHA) conference in Washington, D.C. in 2008, Gorski read from "Mexico Solo", a long prose poem that she used to introduce how Polish Americans are more closely related to all 'hyphenated' minority cultures than to the majority American WASP culture. On the conference panel, Polish American poets Stephen Lewandowski and Joseph Lisowski discussed how blatant discrimination and negative stereotyping circulated by Polish jokes plagued their childhoods. She calls these persecuted groups "invisible minorities" in the United States because they are often of European heritage.Gorski's writing and career aligns with the struggles of all disadvantaged groups suffering from the hidden class warfare inside American society, and for this she has been called the "American Mayakovsky" from whom her motto "poetry is a hammer" is adapted. Performance poet
When Bob Holman first heard an audio cassette of Gorski with East of Eden Band, he told New York poet Michael Vecchio that it was the best band he had heard. Vecchio is one of those featured in the Poets Audio Anthology Project, Vol. II, along with Isabella Russell-Ides and many other performing poets Gorski collected and produced. Jazz writers and radio programmers were intrigued with poetry and music collaboration, but few practitioners dedicated their careers to doing only oral poetry and music, as did Gorski. Gorski has called herself a "performance poet" in press releases and interviews when describing what she did with East of Eden. She first coined the term "performance poetry" to name her style of writing poetry for oral presentation, instead of for print publication, in a 1981 press release.The term was widely adopted to name the new genre by later practitioners in the mid-1980s, which is distinct within and parallel to the following practices: spoken word, slam, poetry readings, performed poetry, and performance art. Populist writer
Gorski sees poets in American society as a disenfranchised minority group with a history of prosecution by the American government for obscenity when exercising the freedom of speech. "Experimental and avant-garde artists and poets were demonized during the early 1990s by the efforts of a conservative agenda to eliminate funding for the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) during the late 1980s and to remove art studies from primary education." She produced and funded projects to distribute works of performance-oriented literature outside the "mainstream". She also promoted and nurtured literature opposed to the establishment. She was a founding writer for The Austin Chronicle in 1980 initiating and naming the Litera column that discussed readings, books, and other matters of importance related to non-mainstream, alternative, and small press literature, especially poetry. Scholar
After her career in performance poetry during the 1980s, Gorski entered graduate school in the University of Louisiana at Lafayette and was awarded a doctorate, Ph.D. in Creative Writing, in 2001.In 2003–04, Gorski lectured on minority American literature at the University of Wrocław in Poland as a Fulbright Fellow and spent five months traveling to various locations, including Ukraine. While backstage at Bob Dylan's concert in Prague, she met Václav Havel. She made an appearance at the Cafe Krzysztofory in Kraków in 2004 for the United States Embassy and the French Institute in Kraków before returning to the United States. Accomplishments
She coined the term "Performance Poetry" in the early 1980s after initiating and writing the "Litera" column for the Austin Chronicle in an effort to distinguish her performed poetry from performance art. She was also one of the founding writers on the Austin Chronicle, which helped to promote the vibrant "music capital of the world" that Austin, the capital of Texas, had become. Along with the growth of the music scene, a multi-ethnic theater, literature, and art community began to coalesce during the 1970s. This is the environment from which Gorski's work grew from its mysterious underground, what she calls a "pedestrian avant-garde".Gorski's live broadcast performances on KUT-FM were recorded and distributed to radio stations internationally. They became part of the 1980s Indie audio cassette/radio station network offering alternatives to commercial music. Her literature-based broadcast audio increased the popularity of performance poetry, the genre she named to describe her own work: literature-based poetry written for performance only and not for print publication. East of Eden, formed of professional jazz musicians, was successful because the music and poetry were melded together exclusively for performance. Gorski's spoken vocals have been described as bringing her "eerie" voicing as close to singing as possible without actually singing. The compositions written for each poem by D'Jalma Garnier ranged from jazz to country and western to rock and roll

Style
Unlike the Beats, Gorski wrote her stylized narrative and moody lyrical poetry only for performance with the music composed by D'Jalma Garnier specifically for each poem. The poetry was meant for audio distribution only, especially for the radio (as opposed to print).Her radical art school background influenced her fondness for performance text and the concept behind the manner of distribution. Though she received a degree in painting from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD) in Canada, she did not like the elitism of the gallery circuit. She transferred her love of images into a poetics that also incorporated the anti-capitalist, socialist un-doings found in performance art and conceptual art. <mask>, along with Vito Acconci, is considered one of the most notable graduates of NSCAD. She was directly influenced by Allen Ginsberg's "Howl". They had a friendly enmity after he jeered one of her early readings at Naropa University during the Jack Kerouac Disembodied Poetics Conference in the 1980s. One of her early idols was Bob Dylan because she admired the "surreal images and obscured meanings in a language that rolled off the tongue."The passion and flow in the vocals matched those she heard on reel-to-reel tapes by Dylan Thomas, the Welsh poet who initially inspired her. Bob Dylan came to Gorski's final reading/performance in Austin at the Mexic-Arte Museum's Acoustic Festival in late 1992 after his concert at the Austin Opry House. Publications and recordings
The first publication of her performance poems is titled Snatches of the Visible Unreal from Backyard Press, which is also the title of her first audio cassette recording. Another chapbook titled Polish Gypsy with Ghost contains a vinyl recording. The second audio cassette release is titled East of Eden Band, for which Gorski used the name Hedwig G-G. Her poems received music lyric awards, rather than literature awards, though she never sang. In a career that eschewed elitism, she used her own success to help produce and promote the recording of other non-academic vocal poets including raúlrsalinas, Roxy Gordon, and Joy Cole.Several other print collections of poetry were produced in limited additions, including Early breakfast with <mask> Gorski and The East of Eden Band Songbook. A remastered CD, containing a selection of radio recordings by Gorski and East of Eden from live broadcasts was released in 2009, called Send in the Clown. The archival and remastered recordings by Hedwig <mask>® and East of Eden Band along with a radio drama, Thirteen Donuts, which she wrote and directed for KRVS-FM and simulcast on the web, are available for download on iTunes. A more extensive listing of creative and scholarly publications and productions by the artist-poet is available online (see Hedwig Gorski's online CV with permission request from official website). Awards
 2011 Finalist in 2011 National Poetry Series
 2004 Southern Artistry Award
 2003 Fulbright Scholar at University of Wroclaw, Poland
 2002 Artist Fellowship in Audio Media, Louisiana Division of the Arts
 2001 Robert and Bernice Webb Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching – Advanced Level. Department of English, University of Louisiana
 2001 National Audio Theatre Festivals Script Writing Competition, for Thirteen Donuts
 1994 Producer Fellowship from Corporation for Public Broadcasting at WWOZ, New Orleans
 1990 Commemoration of International Women's Day Certificate on the occasion of a University Co-Op Book Signing Honoring Women Authors
 1987 Best Use of Language Judges Award for performance poem "Mexico Solo" in Austin Music Umbrella Annual Songwriters Competition
 1986 Honorable Mention for performance poem "Glitter Streets" in Austin Music Umbrella Annual Songwriters Competition

Works

Audio recordings
 13 Donuts. CD.Original Broadcast Oct. 13, 2000 on KRVS-FM. Performed by Honors Players, U of Louisiana. Oct. 13, 2010. "Slow Paradise". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 962. Wed., September 29, 2010.""To My Last Idol Bob Dylan". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 714. Wed., June 9, 2010. "Mexico Solo". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 623.Mon., November 9, 2009. Send in the Clown. Selected Performance Poetry from Live Radio Broadcasts. CD 2009
 East of Eden Band. KUT-FM Live Set. Recording and broadcast, University of Texas at Austin 1985
 "Intellectual Love", "Slow Paradise", "There's Always Something That Can Make You Happy", all from East of Eden's album Intimacies. KUT-FM Live Set.Recording and broadcast. University of Texas at Austin 1986
 Snatches of the Visible Unreal. Duets by <mask> <mask> and D'Jalma Garnier. Directed by Morgan Guidry, 1984

Video recordings
 "Teenager in Nova Scotia." Video Illustrated Poetry. Producer PerfectoMedia 2010
 "Rising Melodic Chords." Poem by <mask> Gorski Deconstructed by Composer D'Jalma Garnier 2008
 "Teenager in Nova Scotia."Dial-A-Poet Series. Dir. Karen Minzer. Fort Worth 1990

Theater
 Thirteen Donuts. By <mask> <mask>. Dir. William Davies.Perf. Honors Players. KRVS-FM Radio, Lafayette. LouisianaRadio.com. Oct. 13, 2000. Booby, Mama!. By <mask> <mask>.Dir. <mask> <mask>. Perf. Ex Troupe. InterArt Works, Austin. March–April 1977. Publications

Poetry
 Hi to Heaven: Best-Loved Performance Poems in English & Polish.Trans. by Janusz Zalewski. 2015. Poetique: Speak-Songbook. College Station: Slough P, Feb. 2010. . Semi-finalist for Balcones Prize (with CD). Deconstruction of Rising Melodic Chords, <mask> Gorski Poem. Composer, D'Jalma Garnier.Toxic Poetry. Second Issue. Exhibition No. 2. Jan. 2010. "Drunken Savior," "Mood Indigo." Toxic Poetry.Premier Issue. Exhibition No. 1. Aug. 2009. Karawane. No.10. Excerpts from neo-verse drama poem for voices Booby, Mama!2009. (PDF)
 "Mexico Solo." Polish American Historical Association Conference. Commemorative Broadside. Ed. Janusz Zalewski. 2008."White Colonnade Façade." Art Mag 29. Las Vegas: Limited Editions P, 2006. "Zawsze jest coś, co może uczynić cię szczęśliwym." Trans. Janusz Zalewski. Novo Okolica Poetów, 18–19.Rzeszow, Poland: 2005, 58–60. Polish Gypsy with Ghost. Austin: Shinebone P, 1993. "Slow Paradise." Poem Broadside. Photo by Mark Christal. Austin: Shinebone P, 1992.Early Breakfast with <mask> Gorski. Austin: Perfection Productions, 1992. Snatches of the Visible Unreal. Austin: Backyard P, 1991. Drama
 The Waste Land Scripted for 44 Voices. Jadzia Books. 2018.Beasts and Saints: One-Act Play. Jadzia Books. 2015. 13 Donuts: An Original Radio Drama with a Multi-Cultural Twist. Jadzia Books. 2015. Booby, Mama!: Surreal Cut-Up Spoken Word, 1977. Jadzia Books. 2015. Thirteen Donuts. National Audio Theatre Festivals Annual Scriptbook 2001. Ed. Brian Price.Hempstead: NATF, 2001. 87–105. Memoir
 Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street. College Station, TX: Slough P, 2007, 2009. References

External links

 An Interview with artist-poet <mask> <mask>, a multifaceted avant-garde artist of "American futurism" Interview 2013 by Greece Blues site Michalis Limnios BLUES @ GREECE. Google Sites 1978 Women's Dada Theater Verse Drama

  Poem audio "From Box to Living Room to Box"
 Currently.com - AT&T Yahoo Email, News, Sports & More Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street
 Hedwig Gorski Video excerpt from East of Eden available online
 HedwigAtBricolodge1 Mark Christal's Photos of Poets and Jack Kerouac Conference
 Hedwig Gorski IMDb movie/media data
 IndieFeed: Performance Poetry : Hedwig <mask> - Mexico Solo Podcast from Wess Mongo Jolley, The IndieFeed Performance Poetry Channel. 1949 births
American performance artists
American spoken word artists
Artists from New Orleans
American contemporary artists
Artists from Austin, Texas
Writers from New Orleans
American people of Polish descent
Postmodern writers
American radio writers
American women poets
Writers from Austin, Texas
Poets from New Jersey
Living people
NSCAD University alumni
University of Louisiana at Lafayette alumni
Outlaw poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American poets
21st-century American women writers
Women radio writers

masks:
Hedwig Irene Gorski
Gorski
Hedwig
Gorski
Hedwig
Gorski
Hedwig
Hedwig
Gorski
Hedwig
Gorski
Hedwig
Gorski
Hedwig
Hedwig
Hedwig
Gorski
Gorski


title: Aliaksei Karpiuk

texts:
<mask> (, ; 14 April 1920 in Straszewo, a village close to Gródek, Białystok County, Poland – 14 August 1992 in Grodno, Belarus) was a Belarusian writer and public figure. Between 1960 until 1960 he was a leader of the intelligentsia in Grodno and supported dissident writers in the USSR. Biography

<mask> was born into a family of farmers, his father was a supporter of the Communist Party of Western Belarus. He graduated from a Seven-Years-School in 1934 and studied at the Polish lyceum at Wilna from 1938–1939. After the lyceum was forcefully closed during the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland on 17 September 1939, he studied at the pedagogic college of higher education in Navahrudak. After the German attack on the Soviet Union he joined a subversive group. He was imprisoned in 1942 during an act of sabotage against railroad tracks, first sent to a prison in Białystok, and later to the German concentration camp Stutthof, which later played an important role in his biography.In autumn 1943 he managed to escape. From this moment on he actively participated in partisan campaigns. In 1944 he became leader of the Kalinovski partisan unit near Grodno. From 1944–1945 Karpiuk served in the Red Army and participated in battles on Polish and German territory (Berlin, April 1945). He was wounded twice and remained a disabled ex-service man. In 1947 he joined the Communist Party of Belarus. In 1949 he graduated from the Pedagogical High School of Grodno in the subject of English Language.From 1949 to 1951 he worked in the Office for People's Education in Sapockino and was a director of the Biskup-Seven-Year-School in Vaŭkavysk district. 1953 he published his first work "At an Institute". Since 1953 he was a member of the Association of Writers of the USSR. 1953–1955 he worked in Grodno at the Pedagogical High School, 1955–1957 at the regional newspaper "Hrodnenskaya Prawda" and as correspondent of the newspaper "Literature and Art". In 1961 he attended advanced training courses for literature in Moscow and became director of the Inturist agency in Grodno. 1965 he became secretary of the Grodno branch of the Writers Association of the USSR, 1977-1971 he was director of the "Republican Museum for Atheism and History" in Grodno (one of the most national conscious museums of Belarus during soviet times). 1978 he was elected again as secretary of the Grodno branch of the Writers Association of the USSR.In the second half of the eighties he was actively engaged in the public and social life in Grodno. He was a supporter of the Belarusian Popular Front (BNF), one of the founders of the Society of Belarusians of the World "Backaushchyna" and maintained contacts to the club "Pahodnja". <mask> <mask> is known for his works about the life in the Western part of Belarus in the first half of the twentieth century – this topic allowed for a depiction of national history under the conditions of Soviet censorship (short story "Danuta", novel "Verschalainski Paradise" and others) In the Grodno of 1960–1970 a free thinking intelligentsia gathered around <mask> Karpiuk. Some of its members where (at various times) Vasil Bykau, Danuta Bichel-Zagnetava, Volga Ipatava, Branislau Rsheuski. <mask> <mask> himself actively distributed forbidden literature in the USSR, and had correspondence with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (to whom he sent his works "Candle in the Wind", "Right Hand", "What a pity" for printing). Karpiuk had contacts to the family Genijush. Karpiuk's telephone conversations were wiretapped, his flat was secretly searched.Once he was warned on time and managed to destroy incriminating material – letters by Solzhenitsyn, Samizdat literature. As his wife recalled, "illegal literature was assembled at night time and drowned in water ... but some materials survived." Honors

Karpiuk was awarded the Order of the Red Flag, the Order of the Patriotic War (first and second class), various medals, the Golden Cross of the Polish order Wojenny Virtuti Militari and the Order of Cultural Merit of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and in 1986 received the Literature-Ivan-Melesh award of the BSSR

Bibliography
 Two Pines (orig. : /Dzve sasny) (1958)
 Danuta (orig. : ) (1960)
 My Hrodna county (orig. : /Maja Hrodzenščyna) (1960)
 Forest odyssey (orig. : /Puščanskaja adyseja) (1964)
 What we are worth (Library of the journal "Voice of the homeland", 1970)
 Traces on Earth: Treasures and conquests of my Hrodna county (orig.: /Sled na zjamli: Skarby i zdabytki maëj Hrodzenščyny) (1972)
 Verschalainski Paradise (orig. : /Veršalinski raj) (1974)
 Olga Korbut (orig. : /Ol'ha Korbut) (1977)
 Fresh fish (orig. : /Svežaja ryba) (1978)
 Portrait (orig. : /Partrėt) (1983)
 Contemporary conflict (orig. : /Sučasny kanflikt) (1985)
 Two sisters (orig. : /Dzve sjastry) (Fairy tales, 1986)
Novels:
 Roots (orig.: /Karani) (1988)
 White lady (orig. : /Belaja dama)
 Requiem

Selected works were published in two volumes 1980 and 1990–1991. Selected works were also published in the "Belarusian Book Review" (/"Belaruski knigazbor") in 2007. Documents
 ANH. F-3 (Aliaksei Karpiuk/Аляксей Карпюк)
 Center for the Safe-Keeping of Modern Documentation (Центр Хранения Современной Документации; Фонд 5, опись 61, ед. хранения 8182; ролик № 009867)
 Decree of the regional committee of the KGB in Grodno "On the appeals and letters of war and labour veterans to the regional committee of the KGB regarding the publications of A.H.Karpiuk in the newspaper "Grodnyenskaya Pravda" (Постановление Бюро Гродненского обкома КПБ "Об обращении и письмах ветеранов войны и труда в обком КПБ на публикации А.Н.Карпюка в газете "Гродненская гравда") // Published in "Grodnenskaya Pravda" on 23 December 1989;

External links
 http://kamunikat.org/usie_knihi.html?pubid=11227 – essays, stories and diaries by Aliaksei Karpiuk on Kamunikat, a Belarusian online library (in Belarusian)

1920 births
1992 deaths
Belarusian writers
Soviet writers

masks:
Aliaksei Karpiuk
Aliaksei Karpiuk
Aliaksei
Karpiuk
Aliaksei
Aliaksei
Karpiuk


title: Hank Gathers

texts:
Eric Wilson "<mask><mask>. (February 11, 1967 – March 4, 1990) was an American college basketball player for the Loyola Marymount Lions in the West Coast Conference (WCC). As a junior in 1989, he became the second player in NCAA Division I history to lead the nation in scoring and rebounding in the same season. Gathers was a consensus second-team All-American as a senior in 1990. His No. 44 was retired by the Lions, who also placed a statue of him in his honor outside their home arena Gersten Pavilion. Gathers began his college career with the USC Trojans, but transferred with teammate Bo Kimble to Loyola Marymount after his freshman year. Playing under Lions coach Paul Westhead and his fast-paced system, Gathers was a three-time first-team All-WCC selection.In his first season at Loyola Marymount University (LMU), he earned the first of two consecutive most valuable player (MVP) honors in the WCC Tournament. As a junior, he was named the WCC Player of the Year and began receiving All-American recognition. Early in his senior year in 1989–90, Gathers was diagnosed with an abnormal heartbeat after he collapsed during a game. He was placed on medication and returned a few weeks later, but he initially struggled, which he attributed to his medication. The dosage was gradually decreased, and his play recovered. Gathers died at age 23 after collapsing for the second time that season during the semifinals of the 1990 WCC Tournament. Early life
Gathers was born to Lucille and <mask> Sr. in Philadelphia.Growing up in the Raymond Rosen Projects, one of the toughest neighborhoods in Philadelphia, he stayed out of trouble by playing basketball. Gathers played prep ball at Dobbins Technical High School, located among the housing projects in North Philadelphia. He was joined on the team by his younger brother, <mask>, Bo Kimble and Doug Overton. The Mustangs reached the Philadelphia Public League championship game in consecutive years, losing to a Pooh Richardson-led Benjamin Franklin High in 1984 before winning the title over Lionel Simmons' South Philadelphia High in 1985. College career

USC
Gathers and Kimble were not friends until their senior year at Dobbins. Both of them were recruited to the University of Southern California by head coach Stan Morrison and his top assistant David Spencer. During a visit to USC, the two recruits were told that the area around campus was deemed a slum.Gathers and Kimble, however, considered the area to be a suburb compared to their home of Philadelphia. Gathers made up his mind early that he would join USC, while Kimble decided independently and only after spurning Temple late. They were joined on the Trojans by high school All-American, Tom Lewis, and Rich Grande as the "Four Freshmen" star recruiting class. Following an 11–17 season in 1985–86, Morrison and Spencer were fired despite having won the Pac-10 Conference the previous year. It was reported that the players would not remain unless certain conditions were met, including having a say in the next coaching staff. USC hired George Raveling as the next head coach of the Trojans. Raveling gave the players a deadline to respond whether they would remain on the team.When they did not respond, he revoked the scholarships of Gathers, Kimble, and Lewis. Raveling's controversial statement was, "You can't let the Indians run the reservation," he said. "You've got to be strong, too. Sometimes you have to tell them that they have to exit." Kimble and Gathers transferred together from USC to LMU. Lewis transferred to Pepperdine. Grande remained at USC.Loyola Marymount
Due to NCAA regulations, Gathers and Kimble could not play in the season following their transfer. They helped lead the Lions to a 28–4 record in 1987–88. Gathers led the team that year in both scoring and rebounding (averaging 22.5 points and 8.7 rebounds per game), was named first-team All-WCC and was awarded the WCC Tournament MVP. In the 1988–89 season, Gathers became the second player in NCAA Division I history to lead the nation in scoring and rebounding in the same season, averaging 32.7 points and 13.7 rebounds per game. He was named WCC Player of the Year and again won the WCC Tournament MVP. On December 30, 1988, he scored a career-high 49 points along with 26 rebounds in a 130–125 win over Nevada. After the season, he decided against declaring for the NBA draft.As a senior in 1989–90, he was a candidate for national player of the year and projected as an NBA lottery pick. <mask>'s head coach while at LMU, Paul Westhead, had instituted an extraordinarily fast-paced game plan. On offense, the Lions took numerous three-point shots, and typically shot the ball within 10 seconds of gaining possession. Their defense was a full-court press designed to force their opponents into a frenzied up-and-down game. <mask>'s teams led Division I in scoring in 1988 (110.3 points per game), 1989 (112.5), and 1990 (122.4). LMU's 122.4 point per game in 1990 is still a record as of April 2012. As of April 2012, Loyola Marymount held the five highest combined score games in Division I history.Four of the five occurred during <mask>'s career, including a record 331 in the 181–150 win over United States International University on January 31, 1989. At  and , Gathers was Loyola Marymount's strongest inside player. He had a high field goal percentage because he seldom shot from beyond . He used his power and quickness for follow-up baskets and scoring on fast breaks. "I don't care much about the points," said Gathers. "In fact, I should lead the nation in scoring because of my rebounding. Anybody can score 30 points a night if that's what he's concentrating on.But rebounding is special because it comes from the heart." Heart condition and death
On December 9, 1989, Gathers collapsed at an LMU home game against UC Santa Barbara. He was found to have an abnormal heartbeat (exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia), and was prescribed a beta blocker, Inderal. However, Gathers felt that the medication adversely affected his play, and his dosage was gradually cut back. Originally prescribed at 240 milligrams per day, his Inderal dosage was cut to 40 mg per day over the next three months. Gathers returned after sitting out for three weeks and missing two games, and he averaged 29.3 minutes and 29.15 points in his 20 games through the remainder of the season. However, he struggled with his play for weeks after returning.His play recovered in a nationally televised game against LSU on February 3, 1990, when he scored 48 points along with 13 rebounds while being guarded by future NBA first-round draft picks Stanley Roberts and Shaquille O'Neal in a 148–141 overtime loss. The Lions won seven of their next eight games, and Gathers recorded a career-high 30 rebounds against Saint Mary's. On February 26, 1990, as the WCC Tournament neared, Gathers's medication was reduced one last time from 80 to 40 mg, on the condition that he undergo testing in a couple of days to determine if it was safe and effective at suppressing the arrhythmias. He did not show up for his test that week and avoided calls from his cardiologist's office. On March 2, he had a long talk with the cardiologist, who told him to play and come in for the testing after the tournament concluded. It was later suspected Gathers was not taking any dosage on game days. The following day in the WCC tournament quarterfinals in Los Angeles, he recorded 28 points and 11 rebounds in a 121–84 win over Gonzaga.On Sunday, March 4, <mask> collapsed again with 13:34 left in the first half of the semifinal game against the Portland Pilots. He had just scored a dunk on an alley-oop pass from point guard Terrell Lowery that put the Lions up 25–13. Thirteen seconds later while positioned around midcourt in the Lions' fullcourt press, he collapsed a yard or two away from Pilots point guard Erik Spoelstra. He attempted to get up, telling the athletic trainers, "I don't want to lay down!" Shortly after, he stopped breathing. Gathers was pronounced dead at a nearby hospital at 6:55 PM PST. He was 23 years old.Minutes after Gathers was taken to the hospital, the WCC commissioner suspended the game indefinitely. ESPN broadcast graphic footage of <mask>'s collapse on SportsCenter; the network was at the game recording advance footage for the championship game it was scheduled to televise the next night. Late that night, the WCC canceled the tournament and awarded Loyola the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament due to its WCC regular season title. Gathers was buried at the Mount Lawn Cemetery in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania. An autopsy found that he suffered from a heart-muscle disorder, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. His family later filed a $32.5 million lawsuit charging negligence. Loyola Marymount settled out of court for $1.4 million, while the cardiologist who treated Gathers settled for $1 million.Legacy
Loyola Marymount was placed in the West Regional as the No. 11 seed in that season's NCAA tournament. Before the tournament, the right-handed Kimble vowed to shoot his first free throw of each game left-handed, in memory of Gathers. Though naturally right-handed, Gathers was a poor free-throw shooter and had switched to shooting them left-handed. The Lions advanced to the Elite Eight, including a victory over defending national champion Michigan, before falling to the eventual champions, UNLV. Kimble finished a perfect 3-for-3 on his left-handed free throws during the tournament. Both LMU's Cinderella story without Gathers and Kimble's left-handed tributes to him became part of NCAA tournament lore.<mask> was named a consensus second-team All-America and first team All-WCC selection for the season. He finished his career averaging 28.0 points and making 59 percent of his field goals, which were both school records as of 2010. He also averaged 11.1 rebounds for his career. He was voted WCC Player of the Decade for the 1980s. Gersten Pavilion, LMU's on-campus athletics facility, is known to Lions fans as "Hank's House", although that is not part of its official name. His No. 44 and Kimble's No.30 were retired by LMU in a joint ceremony in 2000. In 2005, the entire 1989–90 team was inducted into Loyola Marymount's Hall of Fame. On February 29, 2020, four days before the 30th anniversary of his death, a statue of Gathers was unveiled outside Gersten Pavilion. The statue was created by Rotblatt-Amrany, which designed multiple statues outside of the Staples Center in Los Angeles, as well as the Michael Jordan statue in Chicago. Gathers's life was dramatized in a 1992 TV movie, Final Shot: The <mask> Story, with Victor Love starring as Gathers. Gathers was part of the storyline in the ESPN film Guru of Go about Westhead, part of their 30 for 30 series. <mask>'s death reemerged in national news wires during the 2016 NBA Playoffs when Kimble, interviewed for the celebrity gossip website TMZ.com, urged that Miami Heat star Chris Bosh retire for health reasons.Bosh has been suffering from blood clotting issues that forced him to miss the last several months of both the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons, as well as the entirety of the 2016–17 season. While Bosh felt that he was healthy enough to continue playing, Kimble disagreed:There are so many other things he could do with his life. <mask>s had the same thing, <mask> could have been a comedian, and actor or did speaking engagements. It's not worth the risk. I would just say absolutely not, don't do it. If <mask> had the ability to do it again he wouldn't have paid the ultimate price ... I am sure [Bosh] has children and they are going to need their father around as much as possible.Crump received a reported $1.5 million from Gathers's wrongful-death lawsuits. He gained control of the money when he turned 18. It became a problem for Crump, who later described himself as a "young black male with no guidance" at that time. He pleaded guilty to aggravated assault with a weapon, and was in a state prison from 2007 until 2012. Crump became a salesperson. He also mentors children through the Hank Gathers Legacy Group that he founded. <mask>'s nephew, D. J. Rivera, played college basketball and led the America East Conference in scoring with the Binghamton Bearcats in 2008–09, when they won the conference for the first time and earned a bid to the NCAA tournament.Another nephew, <mask>, earned a bachelor's degree at St. Bonaventure University and played three seasons for their Bonnies basketball team from 2011 to 2014. He played a final season with Butler in 2015–16 as a graduate transfer. See also
Sudden cardiac death of athletes
List of basketball players who died during their careers
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season rebounding leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2,000 points and 1,000 rebounds

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

LMU Lions bio

Remembering a fallen Lion, 20 years later
Stan Hochman: <mask>s still touching friends, strangers 20 years after his death
Poole: <mask>s had heart until he died, 20 years ago Thursday
March 4, 1990: <mask>s collapses, a day I will never forget as a reporter
Twenty Years After: <mask>s Stirs Memories for His Family

1967 births
1990 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Burials in Pennsylvania
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Filmed deaths in sports
Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Sports deaths in California
USC Trojans men's basketball players

masks:
Hank
" Gathers Jr
Eric Gathers
Derrick Gathers
Gathers
Gathers
Gathers
Gathers
Gathers
Gathers
Hank Gathers
Gathers
Hank Gather
Hank
Hank
Gathers
Jordan Gathers
Hank Gather
Hank Gather
Hank Gather
Hank Gather


title: Ernest Procter

texts:
<mask>  (22 March 1885–21 October 1935) was an English designer, illustrator and painter, and husband of artist <mask>. He was actively involved with the Newlyn School, partner of the Harvey-Procter School and an instructor at the Glasgow School of Art. Personal life and education
<mask> was born into a Quaker family in Tynemouth, Northumberland. His father, <mask> was an eminent scientist and a Leeds University professor who specialised in leather chemistry. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society. Edward painted his father's portrait. <mask>, like his father, attended school first in York at the Quaker Bootham School.From 1907 to 1910 he was a student of Stanhope Forbes at the Forbes' School of Painting in Newlyn, Cornwall. He contributed to the school's publication, The Paper Chase in 1908 and 1909, was an assistant to Stanhope and Elizabeth Forbes, and was a successful, well-respected student. At Forbes' <mask> met his future wife Doris "Dod" Shaw; They were "amongst the Forbes' star pupils." In 1910 and 1911 <mask> studied in Paris at Atelier Colarossi. Dod Shaw was also a student at Atelier Colarossi. <mask> and Dod were both influenced by Impressionism and Post-impressionism and the artists that they met in France, such as Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne. In 1912 <mask> married Dod at the church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris.They had a son together named Bill and stayed in Paris until 1918. Influential artists' works

In 1918 <mask> and his wife returned to Newlyn, where they primarily lived from that point onward. On 21 October 1935, after years of high blood pressure, <mask> died of a cerebral haemorrhage in North Shields, County Durham, while travelling. First World War
During the First World War <mask> was a conscientious objector, serving with the Friends' Ambulance Unit in Dunkirk from April 1916 until February 1919. Career
After the war Dod and <mask> returned to Newlyn, where <mask> was a member of the Newlyn Society of Artists. In 1920 <mask> and Harold Harvey established the Harvey-Procter School. They taught painting of still life, figures and landscapes in watercolour and oil.He and his wife, accepted a commission to decorate the Kokine Palace, Rangoon, in 1919 and 1920. <mask> created in 1931 what he called Diaphenicons, which were "painted and glazed decorations that provided their own light source." Leicester Galleries exhibited these works. The Glasgow School of Art appointed him Director of Studies in Design and Craft in 1934. Works
<mask>'s works included portraits and landscapes. Paintings
 All the Fun of the Fair
 Aphrodite
 Delphiniums, 1907** Earth, Water, Fire, Air, 1928
 Feather leaves, 1934, a painted ceramic plate, Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Helston Flora Dance, 1926
 Mother & Child, 1924
 Malo Gate, Dunkirk, 1924
 Night and Evening
 Porthgwarra, oil on canvas, Penlee House Gallery and Museum.Rising Tide, 1936, Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Spring Hawthorn
 The Edge of the Shadow, 1921, for a Royal Academy Exhibition
 The Four Elements
 The Mischievous Boy
 The Road to Sancreed
 The Terrace, 1921
 The Zodiac, 1925, oil on canvas, Tate
 Those Who Dare
 Versailles, 1921

Portraits
 Sir Thomas Beecham, 2nd Bt
 Sir Thomas Beecham Conducting A Mass of Life at the Queen's Hall, 1929
Frederick Delius
 Group including Frederick Delius and Philip Arnold Heseltine
 Sir Landon Ronald

Church or other commissions
 St Mary's Church altar screen, Chapel Street, Penzance – which in 1985 was destroyed during a fire
 Kokine Palace decorations, Rangoon, 1920 with his wife Dod. St Hilary Church, Cornwall:
 Depicted St Mawes, St Kevin and St Neot for the St Hilary Church pulpit
 Reredos of the Altar of the Dead for the St Hilary Church
 Visitation, 1933, St Hilary Church
 Deposition, 1935, St Hilary Church
 Dod also made works for the St Hilary Church. <mask> and Dod's works are still on view at the church. World War I
 Étaples, The Convoy Yard, 1918, pencil and watercolour, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 Nissen Huts, St Omer, chalk and gouache, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 The Interior of a Garage, Boulogne, pastel drawing, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 The Interior of the BRCS and Order of St John Garage, Boulogne, pastel drawing, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920

Book illustrations and other works
 Crowns Mine, Botallack, pencil drawing. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. In Newlyn (untitled).Penlee House Gallery and Museum. No Breakfast for Growler, 1901, book illustrations. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Young Witches at Play in the Night Sky, pastel drawing. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Museums and galleries
His works are part of collections at the Imperial War Museum, Tate, Leeds, Newcastle, Penlee House Gallery and Museum, and Worthing / Adelaide.

masks:
Ernest Procter
Dod Procter
Ernest Procter
Henry Richardson Procter
Procter
Procter
Procter
Ernest
Procter
Procter
Procter
Procter
Ernest Procter
Ernest
Ernest
Procter
Procter
Ernest


title: Diarmuid O'Hegarty

texts:
<mask>'Hegarty (Irish: Ó hÉigeartuigh; 1892–1958) was an Irish civil servant and revolutionary. O’Hegarty was a member of the Irish Volunteer executive (June 1916 – November 1921), IRA director of communications (July 1918 – March 1920), and director of Organisation (March 1920 – April 1921). <mask>’Hegarty was an extremely self- effacing man; he was described by Frank Pakenham as the ‘civil servant of the revolution’. Early life
<mask>'Hegarty (Ó hÉigeartuigh) (1892–1958) was born Jeremiah Stephen Hegarty on 26 December 1892 in Lowertown, Skibbereen, Co Cork, the eldest of seven children (four sons and three daughters). Both his father, Jeremiah Hegarty (1856–1934), and his mother, Eileen (née Barry), were teachers. <mask>’s father was also known as <mask>gh, and was a member of the Gaelic League. He collected stories and folklore from his grandmother later published as Is uasal ceird (1968) (edited by Stiofán Ó hAnnracháin); he also published Tadhg Ciallmhar (1934).Education
In common with many catholic revolutionaries of the period, <mask> O'Hegarty was educated at the Christian Brothers schools, at St Patrick's Place, Cork. <mask> O'Hegarty was a boyhood friend of Gearoid O’Sullivan. Dublin (1910 onwards)
He secured a job in the Dublin Civil service in 1910, aged eighteen, and was posted to the department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction, where he worked as the private secretary /assistant to T. P. Gill, the secretary of the department. Gaelic League
He became a member of the very active and influential Keating Branch of the Gaelic League in Dublin, where the Irish Republican Brotherhood influence was very strong, and which was closely associated with the Teeling Circle (named after Bartholomew Teeling) of the IRB. The membership of the Keating Branch comprised mostly civil servants and teachers, and members of the Branch included Michael Collins, Cathal Brugha, Fionán Lynch, Piaras Béaslaí, Gearóid O’Sullivan, Thomas Ashe, Richard Mulcahy, Sean O’Murthuile and <mask> Lynch. It was here that he first met and became firm friends with Michael Collins. O’Hegarty, along with Gearoid O’Sullivan and Fionan Lynch, subsequently became members of the Committee of the Branch and, almost from the day they joined, their services were requisitioned for teaching Irish classes.Na hAisteoirí
O'Hegarty's interests were academic and theatrical. In 1913 he became a member and then stage manager of a troupe of Gaelic players, called Na hAisteoirí , relating historical traditions of Irishness, cultural revivalism, and nationalism. The principal male parts were played by several who later became prominent revolutionaries: including Piaras Béaslaí, who also wrote a comprehensive of Collins life, Gearóid O'Sullivan, Fionán Lynch, and Con Collins. The Irish Volunteers and the Irish Republican Brotherhood
In the period prior to the Easter Rising, O’Hegarty and his younger brother, Dick O’Hegarty lived at 44 Mountjoy Street. On 25 November 1913 <mask> Ó Hegarty, together with Gearoid O’Sullivan and Fionan Lynch attended the meeting at the Rotunda Rink for the founding of the Irish Volunteers and they joined on that first night. With the formation of the battalion, <mask> Ó Hegarty was made second lieutenant under Captain Fionan Lynch in F Company, 1st Battalion. Easter Rising
As second lieutenant of F Company, 1st Battalion, Dublin Brigade, Irish Volunteers, during the Easter rising <mask> Ó Hegarty was in charge of barricades in Church St., Mary Lane, Mary's Abbey, and Jameson's distillery, an area which saw fierce fighting.<mask> O’Hegarty was arrested and, on 1 May, he was sent to Knutsford jail, Cheshire, England. A disheveled appearance revealed a somewhat nervous disposition: "rapid utterance, hair flopped on forehead...untidy look, careless in dress.". A question was asked about a John Hegarty in the House of Commons, who had been wrongfully arrested. The prison warder came to <mask> in prison. ‘Are you John Hegarty?’ he asked. ‘No, I’m not,’ replied <mask> O’Hegarty. ‘Well, what does <mask> mean in English?’ ‘It’s not John, anyhow.’ The warder went away.He returned. ‘Are you sure your name is not John?’ ‘Yes, I’m sure.’ He came back. ‘Well John or no John, pack up and get to hell out of this. Having failed to identify the importance of their prisoner, in error the authorities released him early, on 18 May, to return to his family and job in the civil service. When <mask> came back to the Department of Agriculture, T. P. Gill sent for him. He had known that <mask> had been out in the Rising. ‘Take your holidays first, Hegarty,’ he said, ‘and report back.I hope you enjoyed the time you were fighting.’    O’Hegarty remained in office until 1918, when he was dismissed from the civil service for refusing to take the oath of allegiance. Irish National Aid & Volunteer Dependent’s Fund
In the days after the executions, the Irish Volunteers Dependent’s Fund ("IVDF") was founded by Sorcha McMahon, Áine Ceannt and Kathleen Clarke, to provide for the dependents of those killed or imprisoned, as well as undertaking protests outside Mountjoy prison and Kilmainham gaol. Shortly after, the more moderate Irish National Aid Association ("INAA"), was founded by the Redmondites. O’Hegarty was a central member of the IVDF and, when in September 1916 the two organisations amalgamated, O'Hegarty's influence helped to ensure that the new body, the INA&VDF, was dominated by republicans. Whilst the INA&VDF’s primary task remained the support of prisoners and their dependents, as a national organisation, it quickly also became a vehicle for the regeneration of advanced nationalism. Reorganisation of the Irish Volunteers after The Easter Rising and the emergence of the IRA (1916 to 1917)
On his release, O’Hegarty was prominent in the re-organisation of the Irish Volunteers after the 1916 Easter Rising, subsequently becoming a member of the executive of the IRB's supreme council along with Michael Collins and Seán Ó Murthuile. Seán Ó Muirthile and <mask> O‘Hegarty began touring the country during the summer of 1916, establishing contact between the few leaders who had not been arrested, arranging for them to recommence meetings of the Volunteers and ensuring that the Volunteers being released from jail in 1916 and 1917 were able to return to organized units.On Cathal Brugha’s discharge from hospital in August 1916, Sean Ó Muirthile and O'Hegarty visited Brugha at his home in Rathgar and a provisional committee for the reorganization was established. In August 1916, a meeting was held in Minerva Hotel Parnell Square for the reorganization of the IRB, at which O’Hegarty attended. At Brugha's behest, Sean Ó Muirthile and O'Hegarty organized a first Convention of the Volunteers, which was held at Fleming's Hotel in Gardiner Street in October 1916. Although still severely injured, Brugha presided at the meeting and an executive was established to continue the reorganization, with Brugha as the head of the provisional committee. The committee was dominated, as the early Executive of the Volunteers had been, by members of the IRB and included O’Hegarty. Progress was slow for the next few months, but volunteer reorganization gained speed after most of the Rising prisoners were released from Frongoch internment camp in Wales on 23 December 1916. Early in August 1917, a meeting was held in the offices of Craobh Chéitinn of Conradh na Gaeilge in 46 Parnell Square.It was decided at this meeting that an Army Convention would be held to establish a National Executive of Óglaigh na hÉireann. The date of the Convention was chosen to coincide with, and to use the cover of, the larger gathering of republicans in Dublin on 25 and 26 October 1917 – the Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, when large numbers of republicans being in the city would not draw the attentions of the police, who'd presume they were still be around following the Ard Fheis. Nearly 250 people attended the convention, with internment preventing many more from attending. Those in attendance included Éamon de Valera, Cathal Brugha, Thomas Ashe, <mask> O'Hegarty, <mask> Lynch, Michael Collins, Michael Staines and Richard Mulcahy. The Sinn Féin and the Irish Volunteers conventions formalized their organizations and elected leadership, with each of Sinn Féin and the Irish Volunteers appointing Eamon de Valera as president. A national executive was also elected, composed of 26 provincial representatives (including Dublin). In addition, a number of directors were elected to head the various IRA departments.Those elected were: Michael Collins (Director for Organisation); <mask> Lynch (Director for Communications); Michael Staines (Director for Supply); Rory O'Connor (Director of Engineering). Seán McGarry was voted General Secretary, while Cathal Brugha was made Chairman of the Resident Executive, which in effect made him Chief of Staff. There were six co-options to make-up the full number when the directors were named from within their ranks, including <mask> O'Hegarty. Civil Service appointments (1918–1921)
Having been dismissed from the civil service for refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Crown in 1918, his administrative talents found ample outlet in the secretariat of the revolutionary Dáil. <mask> O’Hegarty chose what must have been the tempting option of a permanent career in the emerging Irish civil service  and contributed in the service of the new state to such an extent that he has been called ‘the civil servant of the revolution’ (Longford, 102) and ‘the Grey Eminence of the Free State Government’ (de Vere White, 59). The First Dáil (1918–1921)
The December 1918 General Election resulted in the annihilation of the Irish Parliamentary Party, which won only six seats as opposed to Sinn Féin’s 73. In January 1919 the newly elected Sinn Féin MPs proclaimed themselves the independent parliament of Ireland, the Dáil.O’Hegarty was very close to Harry Boland, a constant companion, and  Michael Collins and, in 1918, this IRB triumvirate exercised considerable control in the nomination of Sinn Féin candidates for the General Election of December 1918. O’Hegarty used his administrative experience to influence the nomination of the Sinn Féin candidates but did not seek his own election to the Dail. The selection process was resented by those who had aspirations to enter the Dáil but who failed to be nominated and Páidín O’Keeffe, who was the full-time secretary of Sinn Féin from 1917 and had a fund of knowledge about the leaders, maintained that the vote against the Treaty was partly an anti-Collins vote, arising from the antagonism Collins, Harry Boland and <mask> O’Hegarty aroused by their choice of candidates for the December 1918 election. Republican loan 1919 and The Dáil Bonds film, 1919

Within days of being appointed Minister for Finance in 1919 Collins set about raising the funds necessary if Dail Eireann was to fulfil its stated ambition of providing an alternative government to the British one that was operating from Dublin Castle. The immediate needs were those associated with establishing independence – the military resources of the Irish Volunteers and IRB plus the diplomatic resources of the Irish delegation to the Paris peace conference. A short propaganda film was produced, shot outside St Enda’s, the school established by Pádraig Pearse, and it featured Michael Collins and <mask> O’Hegarty signing bond certificates to twenty-nine prominent subscribers. The symbolism of the film, such as the fact that the block which Collins used as a table was the block on which Robert Emmet was beheaded, was highly evocative.Harry Boland, upon seeing the film in America, wrote to Collins: ‘That film of yourself and Hegarty selling Bonds brought tears to my eyes. Gee Boy! You are some movie actor. Nobody could resist buying a bond and we having such a handsome minister of finance.’

Secretary to the First Dáil (1918–1921)
O'Hegarty was the organizational genius as secretary to the First Dáil (1919–21) and he was determined that the Dáil would demonstrate its worth by ‘functioning as any progressive government would be expected to function’. As clerk of the first Dáil and secretary to the Dáil cabinet (1919–21), he was largely responsible for its success, organising meetings of the clandestine parliament and coordinating the work of various departments from his offices on the corner of O'Connell St. and Abbey St. and later in Middle Abbey St. He recorded the minutes and handled all correspondence of the Dáil cabinet. As the conduit through which the Dáil's ministers communicated, his role was central to the effective operation of government on the run.The influence this gave him within the revolutionary movement was bolstered by his senior role within the IRB and the positions of military significance which he occupied. He was arrested by the British, tried, convicted of illegal assembly and jailed for three months in Mountjoy (November 1919 – February 1920). The offence of trespassory assembly effectively limited the size of a crowd to minimal number under the public order acts. Whilst in Mountjoy jail he became a dominant figure amongst the IRA prisoners, ordering Noel Lemass to end his self-imposed hunger strike. The War of Independence (1921 to 1922)

Military appointments (1916–1921)
O’Hegarty was a member of the Irish Volunteer executive (June 1916 – November 1921), IRA director of communications (July 1918 – March 1920), and director of Organisation

masks:
Diarmuid O
Diarmuid O
Diarmuid O
Diarmuid
Diarmuid Ó hÉigeartui
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid
Diarmuid


title: Diarmuid O'Hegarty

texts:
 (March 1920 – April 1921). Following the execution of Ned Daly in the aftermath of the Easter Rising O'Hegarty was made Commandant of the 1st Battalion of the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers. Director of Organisation (March 1920 to April 1921)
In March 1920, following his release, O’Hegarty took over from Collins to be the new Directorial Head of Organization as well as being promoted vice-commandant of the Dublin brigade.Fionan Lynch was appointed to the GHQ Staff of the IRA as Assistant Director of Organisation to O’Hegarty. At the same time, Collins gave the position of Adjutant General to Gearoid O'Sullivan. This allowed Collins to move to Intelligence to conduct a 'dirty war' against soft targets March 1920 – April 1921. O'Hegarty was a close friend of Harry Boland, as well as Collins, and they called him "the parson". Collins could be provocative towards his colleagues and, as O'Hegarty took as Director of Organization, he described O’Hegarty as follows:  "a long cow-lick fell over his right eye; he had untidy collar angled tie and a disheveled appearance...worked hard...muttered rapid speech; mind worked quickly, shrewdly and surely...in clear clever imagery, often biting...quick intellect, often disguised by a surface casualness." But this attitude came to exemplify the true heroic freedom fighter "Lack of general regard for health and personal comfort had become close to affectation with us; it was a sign of manliness. "[5]

On 21 November 1920 O’Hegarty, in common with a number of other members of the various Dublin units, was picked to assist the regular Squad members with the elimination of British agents on Bloody Sunday.Tom Barry, who was in Dublin from 19 to 25 May 1921, commented on O’Hegarty: ‘<mask> O’Hegarty was Director of Organisation and also, at the time of my visit, Secretary of the Cabinet of the Irish Republic. He was a brilliant organiser with a first-class brain, and although he spoke little he was obviously well thought of by the other members of General Headquarters. <mask> was assisted by Eamonn (Bob) Price, who extensively toured the country, organising and inspecting Units of the Army.’

O'Hegarty built on the extensive training and development achieved under Collins, although at the time of the treaty negotiations, it was on its last legs, effectively beaten by superior British forces. The Second Dail and the Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921)
O’Hegarty resigned his military duties in April 1921, being replaced as Director of Organisation by Eóin O’Duffy, to concentrate on his work in the Dáil secretariat. In October 1921 he was a member of the delegation[24] appointed by the Dáil that went to London to negotiate[25] the Anglo-Irish Treaty[26] with the UK, serving as joint secretary. [27][28]  The delegation consisted of Arthur Griffith (Minister for Foreign Affairs and chairman of the delegation); Michael Collins (Minister for Finance and deputy chairman of the delegation); Robert Barton (Minister for Economic Affairs); George Gavan Duffy and Éamonn Duggan, with Erskine Childers, Fionán Lynch, <mask> O’Hegarty and John Chartres providing secretarial assistance. Frank Pakenham in "Peace by Ordeal" describes <mask> O'Hegarty as, the "civil servant of the revolution," the man perpetually behind the scenes, could conceal from few who met him the gifts that were to make possible the Irish constitutional achievements at the Imperial Conference of 1926 '.The Civil War (1922 to 1923)

The Third Dáil
On 7 January 1922 the Dáil voted to accept of the Treaty, with the Deputies having been called to vote by <mask> O’Hegarty one by one in order of their constituencies   The Dáil decision to accept the Treaty split the movement. Shortly before de Valera resigned as President of the Dáil in January 1922, to be replaced by Arthur Griffith, GHQ had reassured him that the IRA would support the Government; but in reality it was as divided as Sinn Féin. Fortunately those IRA staff officers who declared against the Treaty did not head the operations and training branches of the IRA and this lack of expertise became apparent as the civil war progressed. O’Hegarty was a vital and vocal supporter of the Anglo-Irish Treaty within the IRB and was appointed secretary to the cabinet of the provisional government in 1922, participating in the unsuccessful army unification talks to prevent hostilities by unifying army commands in May 1922. Popular support for the Treaty was strong and widespread, though more marked in the more prosperous east than west. The landslide for the pro-Treaty parties in the General Election of June 1922, reflecting a country tired of war and searching for peace, enabled O'Hegarty's appointment to the new Dáil Secretariat of the Provisional Government in 1922– the beginnings of an Irish only civil service. When the Free State took possession of the headquarters of the British Army in Ireland O’Hegarty was one of the five Céitinneach (Richard Mulcahy, John Murthuile, Gerard O'Sullivan and Michael Collins) were present in behalf of Ireland, and four of the five had previously been members of the Keating Branch of the IRB.During the Four Courts crisis, on 22 June 1922 <mask> O Hegarty wrote to the Lloyd George explaining the strategy of the government for dealing with the anti-Treatyites, saying "The Government was, however, satisfied, that those forces contained within themselves elements of disruption which given time would accomplish their own disintegration and relieve the Government of the necessity of employing methods of suppression which would have perhaps evoked a certain amount of misplaced sympathy for them", arguing that force need not be used against them. Governor of Mountjoy Jail (July to August 1922)
Complaints about overcrowding in prisons, and the behaviour of prison guards, became a regular feature of republican propaganda in the course of, and after, the civil war. A major riot by republican prisoners in Mountjoy prison in July 1922, during the Civil War, caused the jail to be put under the control of the military, with <mask> O’Hegarty briefly seconded from his civil service post to serve as military Governor of Mountjoy prison (July–August 1922), a post for which he was spectacularly ill-suited. A stalwart defender of the Free State, O'Hegarty prompted anger and resentment amongst the unruly republican inmates. [6]

In Mountjoy, conditions for internees were appalling, but resistance was fierce. Internees frequently knocked holes in the walls so that they could pass right along a tier, from cell to cell, without going out on the landing. Barricades were often erected to prevent warders entering and searching – a necessary precaution since guns were, on occasion, smuggled in and used in escape attempts.D wing, where many of the internees were, faced the North Circular Road where crowds would gather nightly to wave flags, sing songs of encouragement and shout messages. The internees responded by quarrying out the window frames so that they could lean right out of the windows and shout back. O'Hegarty demanded that these goings-on should cease but the internees refused. He announced that prisoners would be treated as ‘military captives … and that any resistance to their guards or any attempt to assist their own forces, revolt, mutiny, conspiracy, insubordination, attempt to escape or cell wrecking will render them liable to be shot down…’

O'Hegarty threatened that the troops would open fire on anyone leaning out of the windows. This news was relayed to the crowds which then swelled in numbers. When the internees refused, the soldiers opened fire on the windows at 3 p.m. on 14 July 1922, and George Plunkett and a volunteer called Kane were wounded. Then a volley was poured into the cells and more prisoners were hit by ricochets.It has been reported that the troops had instructions to not deliberately shoot anyone but, nonetheless, amazingly, no one died. Peadar O'Donnell, who was a prisoner there, blandly remarks: "One often marvels at the ways of bullets and how they can avoid doing serious injury." and remembered him as the focus of much ‘republican bitterness’. Referring to such appointments, Gearóid O’Sullivan, adjutant-general of the National Army, later commented: ‘You had to … get men whom you could trust, not because they had any particular ability. Director of Organization (July 1922 – December 1922)
O’Hegarty was a General Staff Officer during the Civil War, holding the rank of Commandant General (lieutenant-general) and a member of the Army Council from September 1922, during the civil war. He served for a second term as Director of Organization between July 1922 – December 1922. Director of Intelligence (November 1922– April 1923)
In September 1922, following the death of Michael Collins, he was appointed Director of Intelligence of the National Army until May 1923, replacing Liam Tobin.O’Hegarty realized the importance of expanding the intelligence network outside Dublin and worked to that aim. Professor James Hogan succeeded <mask> O’Hegarty as the Intelligence Department’s Director in April 1923, with O’Hegarty returning to his Civil Service role in May 1923. Army Mutiny 1924
The Army Mutiny was an Irish Army crisis in March 1924 provoked by a proposed reduction in army numbers due to the need to re-organise and reduce the National Army following the end of the civil war. The Mutiny came to a head when the key mutineers scheduled a meeting in the Devlin’s Hotel in Parnell Street on 18 March 1924 to inform the rank and file of their plan and how it was to be carried out. General Headquarters had been informed of the planned meeting and there was concern that it was to be used to stage a coup. Colonel Costello of Army Intelligence who was with Colonel MacNeill, the officer in charge of the raid, outside the hotel met the Adjutant General Gearoid O’Sullivan and <mask> O’Hegarty the secretary of the Executive Council at Portobello Barracks. A discussion ensued on whether the Minister for Defence should be contacted, but it was felt it would take too long to get an answer.Eventually it was agreed that entry and arrest should be effected and eleven mutinous officers were captured, although many escaped. In the event, due to time constraints, none of the Generals in charge of the Army, the Minister for Defence or any member of the Executive Council were contacted until after the raid. Later life
In March 1923, he was appointed Secretary to the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, leaving the army on 1 May 1923 to resume a civil service career full-time. His career is the prime example of the influence of revolutionary veterans within the higher civil service in the early years of the state. Secretary of the Free State Executive Council (1922 to 1932)
He was Secretary to the Free State Executive Council from 1922 to 1932 and principal private secretary to its president, W. T. Cosgrave. Again he recorded the cabinet minutes and was the administrative pivot upon which government turned. He served as secretary to numerous governmental delegations and was widely praised for his work in this role at the imperial conferences of 1926 and 1930.In 1927 he went to New York and Washington DC to represent the government at congressional hearings on the fate of republican funds in the USA which had not been paid into Irish accounts. O'Hegarty's long connections with the revolutionary period, and the old guard, sealed his career in 1932 when a new constitution devised by De Valera had him removed from office. He was one of the very few senior civil servants who was effectively removed from his position after the change of government in 1932. Commissioner of Public Works (1932 to 1957)
From 1932 he was a Commissioner of Public Works responsible for government buildings, mostly in and around Dublin and in 1949 was appointed Chairman of the Commission. He held the position of Chairman of the Commission of the Board of Works until his retirement in 1957. Between 1939–40 during The Emergency he served on the economy committee to advise on wartime spending. He was on the Tribunal inquiry into the bankruptcy of Great Southern Railways, and the poor state of public transportation systems in Ireland from 1941.He was a member of the Transport Commission which published its report in 1943. Family
On 27 April 1922, he married Claire Archer, daughter of Edward Archer, a post office telegraph inspector, from Dublin and Susan Matthews. Michael Collins was best man at the wedding. They lived at 9 Brendan Road, Donnybrook. Claire’s brother, Liam Archer, was a prominent republican volunteer who served in F Company, 1st Battalion, Dublin Brigade, Irish Volunteers, during the Easter Rising but was against the Anglo-Irish Treaty. <mask> O’Hegarty died on 14 March 1958 in Dublin, leaving an estate worth £5, 441, and is buried in Deans Grange. He had two sons and two daughters.O'Hegarty was a keen golfer and was a member of Milltown Golf Club. His papers were deposited in the UCD Archives. Bibliography

Manuscripts
 NLI, Piaras Beaslai papers
 NAI, Dept of Taoiseach S6301

Periodicals
 Catholic Bulletin (August 1919), 425. Glossary
 NLI = National Library of Ireland
 NAI = National Archives of Ireland
 MA = Master of Arts
 UCDA = University College Dublin Archives
 IRB = Irish Republican Brotherhood

References

1892 births
1958 deaths
People from County Cork
Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members
People of the Irish Civil War (Pro-Treaty

masks: Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid Diarmuid


title: Ayoze Pérez

texts:
<mask> (born 29 July 1993) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a forward or attacking midfielder for Premier League club Leicester City. He began his career at hometown club CD Tenerife, where he received several personal awards for his performances in the 2013–14 Segunda División season before joining Newcastle for around €3 million. <mask> has represented Spain internationally at under-21 level. Club career

Tenerife
Born in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, <mask> finished his formation with local club Tenerife, making his senior debut with the B-team in the 2011–12 season, in the fourth division. He appeared with the main squad in the third level in the following campaign, featuring in 16 matches and scoring once as the Blanquiazules returned to division two after a two-year absence. After impressing in the 2013 pre-season, <mask> played his first professional match on 18 August, starting in a 1–0 away defeat against Alcorcón. He scored his first goal in the "silver category" on 29 September, in a 1–0 home win over Real Madrid Castilla.On 23 March of the following year <mask> scored his first hat-trick of his career, starting in a 5–0 thrashing against Ponferradina. This was one of the performances which earned him the league's Player of the Month award, which he retained for a second consecutive time while his manager Álvaro Cervera won the equivalent. In October 2014, <mask> won the Breakthrough Player in the 2013–14 Segunda División and Best Attacking Midfielder in the 2013–14 Segunda División awards at the LFP Awards Ceremony. Newcastle United
On 5 June 2014, <mask> rejected interest from Real Madrid, Barcelona and Porto to join Premier League club Newcastle United for an estimated €3 million fee. The deal was confirmed a day later. He made his league debut on 17 August, replacing fellow debutant Emmanuel Rivière in the 83rd minute of a 2–0 home defeat against then champions Manchester City. <mask> scored his first goal in his first league start on 26 October, in a 2–1 away win over Tottenham Hotspur.Six days later, as a half-time substitute for Papiss Cissé, he scored the only goal of the game to defeat Liverpool and give Newcastle their fourth successive win. On 9 November, <mask> made it three league goals in as many games in a 2–0 away win against West Bromwich Albion. He scored less frequently in the second half of the season as Newcastle struggled, but his equaliser against the same opponents on 9 May 2015 ended a run of eight consecutive defeats under John Carver, as Newcastle avoided relegation. <mask> scored Newcastle's first in a 2–2 draw with title holders Chelsea on 26 September 2015. On 18 October, he recorded a goal in a 6–2 rout of Norwich City, Newcastle's first win of the season. He scored the only goal of an away win at Bournemouth on 7 November, with Newcastle's only shot on target. On 13 December, as a substitute, he scored an added-time winner at Tottenham Hotspur, moving Newcastle out of the relegation places.On 1 February 2016, Newcastle United announced that <mask> signed a new contract, committing himself to the club until the summer of 2021. <mask> stayed with Newcastle despite a drop into the Championship, helping the club return to the Premiership immediately after one season. <mask> ended the season with 9 goals in 25 appearances, with 11 of them coming as starts, scoring key goals against title rivals Brighton as well as Barnsley to help seal the Championship title on the final day of the season. He scored his first Premier League goal of the season in a 2–2 draw at Southampton on 15 October. He then scored in consecutive matches in a 1–0 away win over Stoke City and a brace in a 3–1 home win over Luton in the FA Cup. On 31 March 2018, <mask> ended his 8-match goalless run by scoring the only goal in a victory over Huddersfield, in the 80th minute. <mask> continued his good form with a goal and an assist each, in wins over Leicester City and Arsenal.On 20 April 2019, he scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 3–1 win over Southampton. In doing so, he became the first player to score a Premier League hat-trick for Newcastle since Georginio Wijnaldum in 2015. Leicester City
On 4 July 2019, Perez signed a four-year contract with Leicester City for a fee of £30m. He made his competitive debut for Leicester City in a 0–0 draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers on 11 August. On 25 October 2019, Perez scored his first goal for Leicester City, going on to complete a hat-trick in a 9–0 away win over Southampton. On 11 April 2021, <mask> was one of three players dropped from Leicester's squad for the game against West Ham United after breaching COVID-19 protocols. International career
On 29 August 2014, <mask> received his first call-up to the Spain national under-21 team for the 2015 European Under-21 Championships qualifying matches against Hungary and Austria.He made his under-21 debut as a 77th-minute substitute for Munir El Haddadi against Hungary on 4 September. Personal life
<mask>'s older brother, Samuel, is also a forward, who has played for Blyth Spartans and Berwick Rangers. He currently plays for Alnwick Town in the Northern Football Alliance Premier Division. Cousin María José <mask> is a forward for Levante UD Femenino and the Spain women's national team. After leaving Newcastle, Perez became the subject of a comedy drama based on a true story when a teenage girl convinced her parents to buy the property next to his. On the day they moved in, Perez was transferred to Leicester City. The show, starring ex-Emmerdale star Charlie Hardwick and local stand-up comedian, Mike Milligan was recorded by the Newcastle Evening Chronicle as “the most incredible story to come out of the WAGS generation”.Career statistics

Honours
Newcastle United
EFL Championship: 2016–17

Leicester City
FA Cup: 2020–21
FA Community Shield: 2021

Individual
Segunda División Player of the Month: March 2014, April 2014
Segunda División Breakthrough Player: 2013–14
Segunda División Best Attacking Midfielder: 2013–14
Segunda División Team of the Season: 2013–14

References

External links

Newcastle official profile

1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Spanish footballers
Spain under-21 international footballers
Association football forwards
CD Tenerife B players
CD Tenerife players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Tercera División players
Segunda División B players
Segunda División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
FA Cup Final players
Spanish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England

masks:
Ayoze Pérez Gutiéz
Pérez
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title: Luke Hodge

texts:
<mask> (born 15 June 1984) is a former Australian rules football player who played with the Hawthorn Football Club and the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). He played for the Hawthorn Football Club from 2002 to 2017, captaining the club from 2011 to 2016. In 2018, <mask> moved to the Brisbane Lions, before retiring in 2019. <mask> started his career playing on the half-back flank but as his career progressed he has been known to push up into the midfield. He is a four-time premiership player, three-time premiership captain and a two-time Norm Smith Medallist. <mask> is widely regarded as one of the most respected players, in particular as a captain, to have ever participated in the sport. Early life
<mask> was born in the Victorian town of Colac.<mask> supported Richmond during his childhood, with his favourite player being Matthew Richardson. AFL career

Hawthorn (2002–2017)

<mask> played as a half-back flanker and midfielder during his playing career. Recruited from the Geelong Falcons Under 18 team, <mask> made his debut in 2002. <mask> was recruited from the Geelong Falcons Under-18 Football Club, and in 2001 nominated for the 2001 AFL Draft. He was the number-one draft choice of Hawthorn Football Club (which had been traded from Fremantle for Trent Croad and <mask>harlin). Throughout his career he was often compared with Chris Judd, who was chosen with the third selection in the same draft. <mask> made his debut in 2002.He was named in the 2005 All-Australian team and in the International Rules team for Australia. <mask> was named sole vice-captain of the Hawthorn Football Club in October 2007. He was named in the 2008 All-Australian team and in the International Rules team for Australia. <mask> won the Norm Smith Medal for being the best player on the ground during the 2008 AFL Grand Final. <mask> became the captain of the club after Sam Mitchell handed over the captaincy prior to the 2010 Peter Crimmins Medal count. <mask> played only eight home and away games in 2012 due to a Posterior cruciate ligament injury. Returning after a brief illness that kept him out of the preliminary final, he led his side in the 2012 AFL Grand Final but didn't have a major influence on the result.More post-season surgery followed and he missed the first game of the 2013 season, but he played the majority of the season finishing fifth in the club's Peter Crimmins Medal award. <mask> played in the 2013 AFL Grand Final against Fremantle Dockers and was listed as one of his team's best players on the day. Hawthorn's victory allowed him to claim his second Premiership and his first Premiership as a captain. <mask> had another consistent year in 2014. He played his 250th career game in the Grand Final, with the Hawks defeating the Sydney Swans to win their 12th premiership. In the game, <mask> became only the third player (after Gary Ayres and Andrew McLeod) to win two Norm Smith Medals, and captained the side to his third premiership, his second as captain. <mask> was suspended for two weeks in round 21, 2015 by the Match Review Panel (MRP) for an incident in which made contact with Chad Wingard in close proximity to the behind post.<mask>'s history of strong performances in finals, in particular during Hawthorn's run of three consecutive premierships in 2013, 2014 and 2015 has led to members of the media, including commentator Bruce McAvaney, to dub him "Mister September", after the month in which AFL finals traditionally take place. <mask> announced in July 2017 that he would retire at the end of the season. In <mask>'s last game for Hawthorn, he had 14 disposals in a 9-point win over the Western Bulldogs. Brisbane Lions (2018–2019)
In October 2017 Hawthorn confirmed media speculation that <mask> would seek a move to  in the forthcoming trade period. He was officially traded Brisbane during the trade period. After an impressive 2018 season participating in 19 senior matches, averaging just below 20 disposals and an 80% disposal efficiency with no reported injuries apart from a minor calf injury, it was confirmed that <mask> Smith Medal: 2008, 2014
 3× All-Australian team: 2005, 2008, 2010
 All-Australian team captain: 2010
Hawthorn captain: 2011–2016
 2× Peter Crimmins Medal: 2005, 2010
 AFLPA Best Captain Award: 2014
 AFLPA Madden Medal: 2019
  best clubman: 2013
  most consistent player: 2017
 3× Australian international rules football team: 2005, 2014, 2015
 Jim Stynes medal: 2014
 AFL Rising Star nominee: 2002
 Ron Barassi Medal (MVP in U18 IR Series): 2001
 U18 International Rules Representative: 2001
 AFL/AIS Academy: 2001
  life member

Personal life
<mask> married long-time girlfriend since high school, Lauren Kirkman, in 2009 and has four sons, Cooper, Chase, Leo and Tanner. He earned the nickname 'The General' (which would later be the title of his 2017 autobiography) for his leadership abilities both on and off the field. Media career
<mask> appears regularly on a Melbourne radio station segment during the football season. In 2011, <mask> competed in the third season of the Channel Seven television series Australia’s Greatest Athlete. He also made special guest appearances on Channel Seven's Football coverage while still playing as a special comments commentator from the 2016 season onward.From the 2020 season, he joined the network's Friday night commentary team on a permanent basis while remaining based in Brisbane. References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
All-Australians (AFL)
Brisbane Lions players
Hawthorn Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club Premiership players
Peter Crimmins Medal winners
Norm Smith Medal winners
Geelong Falcons players
Colac Football Club players
Box Hill Football Club players
People from Colac, Victoria
Australia international rules football team players
Four-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

masks:
Luke Hodge
Hodge
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Luke McP
Hodge
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Luke Hodge
Hodge


title: Dalbir Bindra

texts:
<mask> FRSC (June 11, 1922 - December 31, 1980) was a Canadian neuropsychologist and a professor in the psychology department at McGill University (1949-1980). He is known for his contributions to the neurobiological study of motivation and behaviour and his two books on these topics; Motivation: A Systematic Reinterpretation (1959), and A Theory of Intelligent Behaviour (1976). He also served as chair of the McGill University Psychology Department (1975 - 1980). Early life
<mask> was born in Rawalpindi, British India (now Pakistan). He had three brothers, all of whom found success in military careers: two became generals and one became an admiral. <mask>, known as D.B. to his close friends and students, developed an interest in experimental psychology early on while completing his B.A.at Punjab University in Lahore. He continued his studies at Harvard University, completing his M.A. in 1946 and his Ph.D. in 1948, both under the supervision of J.C.R. Licklider
At Harvard, <mask> took classes under J.G. Beebe-Center, and was influenced by other members of the faculty including Edwin Boring, Gordon Allport, and Stanley Smith Stevens. His fellow students included Virginia Sanders, Mark Rosenzweig, Jim Egan, Davis Howes, George Miller, and Leo Postman. <mask>'s Ph.D. thesis research and first publications examined motivation and hoarding behaviour in rats.Career
<mask> taught for two years at American University in Washington, D.C., before joining the Psychology Department at McGill University in 1949, when Donald O. Hebb was the Department Chair of Psychology. At McGill, the core of <mask>'s research examined the neurophysiology of fear and motivation and the role of the former in the latter. <mask>'s research interests included the human threshold of pain, psychopharmacology, and neuropsychology, with a specific focus on the neural correlates of intelligent behaviour. He published his second book, A Theory of Intelligent Behaviour, in 1976, describing the integration of neural processes underlying motivation and sensory-motor coordination to produce intelligent behaviour. <mask>'s Ph.D. students include Lynn Nadel, psychologist and co-author of the widely cited book, The Hippocampus As a Cognitive Map (Nadel & O'Keefe, 1978). <mask> was elected President of the Canadian Psychological Association in 1958. His presidential address described the relationship between experimental psychology and behaviour disorders.<mask> also served as chair of the Associate Committee on Experimental Psychology of the National Research Council of Canada from 1962 to 1968. In 1975, he was appointed the Chair of the Psychology Department of McGill, a position he held for five years until his death on December 31, 1980 from a heart attack

Research

Motivation
<mask> applied research in pharmacology and neurology to human executive functioning. He defined motivation as a dynamic interaction between biological, social, internal, and external factors. Internal factors included physiological and driving cues, and external factors included environmental stimuli. <mask> strongly felt that motivation, as a topic in psychology, could unify diverse psychological subfields that typically held conflicting ideas. <mask> was a forerunner in integrating methods and findings from both sides of the nature vs. nurture debate to support his research in motivation. His research combined a diverse set of theories and topics, including goal direction, sensory cues, arousal, blood chemistry, and reinforcement.This work culminated in the publication of his first book in 1959, Motivation: A Systematic Reinterpretation, which attempted to systematize the contemporary motivation literature within a new framework. Based on evidence from human experimental data and animal paradigms, the book explored the underlying explanations for goal-directed motivation in humans. Methods in neuropsychology
In the late 1950s, <mask> developed novel pharmacological and neuropsychological experimental techniques for use in rats. He applied these methods to study a range of topics including intelligence, learning, exploratory behaviour, emotion, disinhibition, and habituation. These methods varied from Pavlovian conditioning paradigms to drug injections of methylphenidate and chlorpromazine in rat models. For example, one of his experiments  examined the differing effects methylphenidate, chlorpromazine, and imipramine  had on freezing and immobility in rats. <mask> found that these drugs decreased and altered the pattern of this response in rats, indicating a type of induced avoidance behaviour.Other aspects of research
In his second book, 'A Theory of Intelligent Behaviour' (1976), <mask> defined intelligence as a set of adaptive, directed, anticipative, and creative behaviours intended to bring about desired outcomes. This book highlighted the many neural connections enabling cognitive knowledge, motivational arousal, and sensory motor coordination. <mask> argued that together, their interactions produced intelligence. In a similar vein, <mask> had radical ideas regarding human learning: he rejected the typical operant conditioning theory of response-reinforcement. Instead, he argued that learning was produced by our cognitive representations of our external environments; these schemas could be influenced by context, incentive, and motivation. Towards the end of his career, <mask> expanded his research to include psychological disorders manifesting in behavioural problems. He published papers about human weeping and language in apes in 1972 and 1981, respectively.Honours and awards
<mask>'s contribution to the field of psychology has been recognized through the conferral of several honours. Elected president of the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) from 1958 to 1959, <mask> was also a Fellow of both the CPA and the American Psychological Association. He was awarded the Canadian Centennial Medal in 1967, and in 1973  was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, a rare honour for a psychologist. In recognition of his teaching and research contributions to McGill's Department of Psychology, the <mask> <mask> Fellowship was established, valued at $10,000. The Fellowship is awarded to a student in a program at the graduate level, with preference for students from developing countries

References

1922 births
1980 deaths
Canadian psychologists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Harvard University alumni
McGill University alumni
McGill University faculty
Neuropsychologists
University of the Punjab alumni
20th-century psychologists
Presidents of the Canadian Psychological Association
Indian expatriates in the United States
Indian emigrants to Canada

masks:
Dalbir Bindra
Dalbir Bindra
Dalbir Bindra
Bindra
Bindra
Bindra
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Bindra
Bindra
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Dalbir
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