title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
<mask> (July 21, 1935 – June 10, 2006) was an American professional baseball pitcher, best-remembered for throwing  scoreless innings of relief to win Game 1 of the 1966 World Series. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Braves, Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Royals, St. Louis Cardinals, and Chicago White Sox. A noted practical joker, Drabowsky engaged in such antics as leaving snakes in teammates' lockers or phoning the opposing team's bullpen to tell a pitcher to warm up. He batted and threw right-handed. Born in Poland to a Jewish family, <mask> emigrated to America in 1938. He excelled as a pitcher in high school and college and was signed as a bonus baby by the Chicago Cubs. He debuted for the Cubs in 1956 and finished tied for second in the National League in strikeouts in his rookie season.In 1958, he gave up Stan Musial's 3,000th hit. An arm injury that year curtailed his effectiveness, and after a couple more seasons with the team, he was traded to the Milwaukee Braves. He played for the Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the Kansas City Athletics in 1961 and 1962 before remaining with the Athletics through the end of the 1965 season. During this period, he was sent to the minor leagues a few times, and while in the major leagues, he typically went back and forth between the starting rotation and the bullpen, except in 1963, the year he had his lowest earned run average (ERA) as a starter. <mask> also was the losing pitcher to Early Wynn in Wynn's 300th win that season. Following the 1965 season, he was selected in the Rule 5 Draft by the Baltimore Orioles. Once in Baltimore, Drabowsky was used almost exclusively as a relief pitcher.After three starts in 1966, he would pitch only in relief the rest of his career. He became a part of one of the best bullpens in the major leagues and posted ERAs of 2.80, 1.60, and 1.91 during his first three years with the club. The Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant in 1966, and in Game 1 of the World Series, <mask> relieved an innefective Dave McNally with the bases loaded and one out in the third inning. Though he walked a batter to let in a run, he finished the inning with the Orioles leading 4–2, and he threw six scoreless innings after it to preserve the Game 1 victory. The Orioles would sweep the Los Angeles Dodgers in four games, making <mask> a World Series champion for the first time. <mask> was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft after the 1968 season. He won their first game in franchise history and led the AL in wins for relief pitchers, with 11.In 1970, he was traded back to Baltimore, where he won his second World Series, this one against the Reds. He pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971 and 1972 before finishing out his career with the Chicago White Sox that year. After his career, <mask> worked for an envelope company and a communications firm until the 1980s, when increased salaries for coaches allowed him to support himself in baseball. He was the pitching coach for the White Sox in 1986, then for several of their minor league teams. Later, he served as the pitching coach for the Cubs in 1994, before rejoining the Orioles as their minor league pitching instructor in Florida. He died June 10, 2006, at the age of 70. Early life
<mask> was born Miroslav Drabowski in Ozanna, a village in southern Poland, located near Leżajsk, and was Jewish.His mother was an American citizen. The two fled to the U.S. in 1938 when Adolf Hitler began mobilizing in Eastern Europe. His father joined them a year later, and the family settled in Wilson, Connecticut, a village in the town of Windsor, just north of Hartford. Growing up in Connecticut, <mask> was an avid Boston Red Sox fan. His favorite player was Bobby Doerr, and he wanted to be a second baseman too, but he was converted to a pitcher by his prep school coach, who observed he had a good arm. Drabowsky went to the Loomis Prep School, now Loomis Chaffee School, in Windsor where he had an 8–0 record with a no-hitter his senior year. He later attended Trinity College in Hartford, where he studied economics.He had an academic scholarship to study at the school until he started partying too much in a fraternity. While at Trinity, he studied economics and played for their varsity baseball team, with whom he also threw a no-hitter. He played summers in Canada, in the Halifax and District League, for the Truro Bearcats. While with Truro, he caught the eye of former Chicago Cubs shortstop Lenny Merullo in 1956, who signed him to play for the Cubs that year. Sources differ on the exact amount of the contract, but <mask> himself said it was for $75,000 ($ today). This made Drabowsky a bonus baby, meaning the Cubs would have to keep him in the major leagues for two full seasons or expose him to waivers. Baseball career

Chicago Cubs (1956–60)
<mask> made his major league debut on August 7, 1956, having just turned 21.He pitched a scoreless inning of relief in a 6–1 loss to the Milwaukee Braves. Eleven days later, pitching coach Dutch Leonard asked Drabowsky, "How would you like to do some throwing tonight?” "I'd like it," Drabowsky responded. “Then you’re starting against the Cardinals tonight.” Pitching into the eighth inning, Drabowsky held the St. Louis Cardinals to one run, picking up his first major league victory. He continued to make starts for the Cubs the rest of the year and finished the season with a 2–4 record, a 2.47 earned run average (ERA), and 36 strikeouts in 51 innings pitched. In 1957, <mask> was the Cubs' number two starter. He was 4–8 with a 5.04 ERA through July 4; after that, he went 9–7 the rest of the way, with a 2.51 ERA. Control problems affected him during the year, such as in a game against the Cincinnati Redlegs on June 2, when he hit four batters (including future teammate and Hall of Famer Frank Robinson twice) in  innings, tying a major league record.On August 4, in the first game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates, <mask> threw a shutout in a 6–0 victory. He threw another shutout against Cincinnati on September 4, also in the first game of a doubleheader, giving up just two hits this time in a 1–0 victory. <mask> finished the year with a 13–15 record. His 170 strikeouts tied him for second in the National League with teammate Dick Drott, behind another rookie, Jack Sanford of the Philadelphia Phillies, who had 188. His 33 games started were 4th (tied with Lew Burdette and Sanford), 239 innings pitched 6th, and 12 complete games 8th in the NL (tied with Brooks Lawrence and Don Newcombe). Additionally, he led the league with ten hit by pitches. In 1958, Drabowsky did not appear in a game with the Cubs until May 1, delayed by a throat ailment and a stint in the United States Army Reserve.In his second start of the year, on May 13, he threw a curveball in the sixth inning of a start against the Cardinals which pinch-hitter Stan Musial made contact with for a double. The hit was Musial's 3,000th. Entering July 11, <mask> had an 8–7 record and a 3.80 ERA. In a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates held that day, though, <mask> "heard something snap in [his] elbow." He gave up five runs in the next inning, skipped his next start, and failed to get out of the first inning in his next before having to take time off. "The arm responded to treatment at first,” said Drabowsky, “then I had trouble again. I strained my shoulder favoring the elbow.One thing led to another." He returned for four starts in August but struggled and was shut down for the rest of the year. At season's end, <mask> had posted a 9–11 record with a 4.51 ERA and 77 strikeouts. He gave up 19 home runs, three shy of the previous year's total, despite pitching 114 fewer innings. <mask> kept his spot in the Cubs' rotation in 1959 but saw little improvement from the year before. His best game of the year came on August 7, when he threw a five-hit shutout against the Pittsburgh Pirates. <mask> finished the season 5–10 in 31 games (23 starts), but his ERA dropped to 4.13, and his innings pitched rose to .However, he had seven fewer strikeouts than he had in 1958. In 1960 spring training, <mask>'s arm was pain-free. However, used mostly in relief, he posted a 9.70 ERA through July 4. This got him a demotion to the minor leagues for the first time, as he was sent to the Triple-A Houston Buffs of the American Association. At Houston, <mask> won all five of his starts and had a 0.90 ERA before getting recalled to the Cubs in August. He pitched better for the Cubs in his return, posting a 4.03 ERA in his final 11 games. In 32 games (seven starts), <mask> had a 3–1 record, a 6.44 ERA, and 26 strikeouts in  innings pitched.Milwaukee Braves (1961), Cincinnati Reds (1962), and Kansas City Athletics (1962–65)
At the end of spring training in 1961, the Cubs decided no longer required Drabowsky and traded him along with Seth Morehead to the Milwaukee Braves for Daryl Robertson and Andre Rodgers. Milwaukee did not have room for him in their rotation, though, and used him exclusively in relief, where he had an 0–2 record and a 4.62 ERA in 16 games. After <mask> gave up four runs in the sixth inning of a 10–8 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on June 8, Milwaukee banished him to the minor leagues and never bothered to call him up again the rest of the season. He finished the year pitching for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, where in 20 games (nine starts), he had a 9–6 record but a 4.75 ERA, with 54 strikeouts in 106 innings pitched. Milwaukee left him unprotected from the Rule 5 draft after the season, and he was selected by Cincinnati. He started 1962 with the Reds, who used him both as a starter and a reliever. In 23 games for them (10 starts) through August 4, he went 2–6 for them with a 4.99 ERA.On August 13, the Kansas City Athletics acquired him for cash. He appeared in 10 games (three starts) for Kansas City the rest of the year, going 1–1 with a 5.14 ERA. <mask>'s combined stats on the season were a 3–7 record, a 5.03 ERA, and 75 strikeouts in 33 games (13 starts). Kansas City sent <mask> to the Triple-A Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League to start the 1963 season; most of his appearances were in relief (19 games, 2 starts) but after going 5–1 with a 2.13 ERA, he got called up to the major league club in June. Back in the majors, he was used as a starter once again. He lost his first six decisions, then went 7–7 the rest of the year to finish 1963 with a 7–13 record. One of the losses from the losing streak was notable; it was the 300th win for Early Wynn, on July 13.Despite the losing numbers, he had a very good 3.05 ERA and topped one hundred strikeouts for the first time since his rookie year, making the 1963 season a resurgence. <mask>'s 1964 season got off to a good start, as he pitched into the eighth inning in his first start and gave up just one run in a 3–1 victory over the Washington Senators. After that, he would lose seven decisions in a row before getting another win on June 8 (again against the Senators). He pitched out of the bullpen for a few games in June; by the end of July, he was being used almost exclusively as a reliever. <mask> appeared in the most games of his career that season (53), starting 21 times and logging  innings. He struck out 119, the most since his rookie season. However, his record was 5–13, and his ERA was 5.29, a jump from the 3.05 mark the year before.Despite the losing record and the high ERA the year before, <mask> was Kansas City's Opening Day starter in 1965. He went 0–3 with a 5.55 ERA in his first five starts before getting sent to the bullpen, then demoted to the Athletics' Triple-A affiliate, now the Vancouver Mounties, halfway through June. <mask> was not called back up, finishing the season in Vancouver. In 14 games (five starts) with Kansas City, he had a 1–5 record and a 4.42 ERA. In 17 games (12 starts) with Vancouver, he had an 8–2 record with a 2.44 ERA and 85 strikeouts in 96 innings—his time in Vancouver would be the last time he ever pitching in the minor leagues. After the 1965 season, Baseball-Reference reports that the St. Louis Cardinals purchased his contract from Kansas City on an unknown date. The Society for American Baseball Research reports merely that the Cardinals were interested in selecting him in the Rule 5 Draft from Kansas City but ultimately never got a chance to select him.Either way, he would not pitch for the Cardinals in 1966, as the Baltimore Orioles took him in the Rule 5 Draft on November 29, 1965. Baltimore Orioles (1966–68)
The trade to Baltimore was a turning point in <mask>'s career. It was here that he became a full-time relief pitcher; after making three starts for the Orioles in August 1966, Drabowsky would never start a game again over

masks:
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title: Moe Drabowsky

type: original

texts:
 his final six years in the major leagues. With teammates Stu Miller, Dick Hall, and Eddie Fisher, Drabowsky was a part of one of the best bullpens of the 1960s. Though <mask> was part of the Orioles' roster to begin the 1966 season, he was only used nine times in the team's first 37 games, and he had a 3.94 ERA. At the end of May, he asked pitching coach Harry Breechen if he could throw once every two nights. Pitching more frequently from that time forth, <mask>'s ERA fell to 2.59 over his final 35 games.Bullpen coach Sherm Lollar speculated joining the Orioles gave Drabowsky new confidence. "We were a contender and could support his pitching." Drabowsky finished the year with six wins, no losses, a 2.81 ERA, and seven saves. He struck out 96 in 98 innings pitched as the Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant, sending <mask> to the playoffs for the first time in his career. In the opening game of the 1966 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, <mask> entered the game in the third inning with one out and the bases loaded after starter  Dave McNally was taken out of the game. After striking out the first batter, he walked Jim Gilliam to force in Lou Johnson for a run to cut Baltimore's lead to 4–2. That would be the last run the Dodgers scored in the entire series, however, as the Orioles would sweep them 4–0, the Orioles' next three wins coming on shutouts from Jim Palmer, Wally Bunker, and McNally.<mask> set a one-game World Series record for relievers by striking out 11 batters, and he tied Hod Eller's 47-year record of six consecutive fans in the 1919 World Series. Over the next two seasons, <mask> continued to perform excellently in relief. In 1967, he was one of the few Oriole pitchers to repeat his success from the season before. Struggles by Stu Miller, who had gotten most of the Oriole saves a year before, allowed <mask> to be the team's primary closer. <mask> got off to a 6–0 start, with a mere six earned runs allowed through his first 25 games of the year. Beginning with his first loss July 28, <mask> would finish out the year with a 1–5 record, and his ERA would rise to 3.45 in his final 18 games. Still, Drabowsky finished the year 7–6, with a 1.60 ERA.He struck out 96 in 95 innings pitched and was tied for seventh in the AL with 12 saves, the only season in his career that he finished in the Top 10 of a league in saves. <mask> did not allow a run in 1968 until his tenth game of the year. For the second year in a row, he posted an ERA under 2.00 (1.91). He threw  innings in 45 games, and he had a 4–4 record with seven saves and 46 strikeouts. MLB added four clubs for the 1969 season, however, and <mask> was one of the few veterans selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft, ending his first stint with the Orioles. Later career
Back in Kansas City, <mask> negotiated with his new club for a raise before signing his contract on February 28, 1969. He won the first-ever game in Royals' history, pitching a scoreless 12th on April 8 against the Minnesota Twins in a 4–3 victory.The win was the first of many for <mask> that season; he led all AL relief pitchers in 1969 with 11 victories. Additionally, he saved 11 games and finished 37 games (7th in the league). He threw 98 innings in 52 appearances and had a 2.94 ERA. <mask> started 1970 with the Royals again. He spent time in the hospital after an averse reaction to medication, presumably during a stretch in May where he had 12 days off. On June 15, he saw on the out-of-town scoreboard that the Orioles' pitchers had struggled late in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers and speculated that the team would be wanting some bullpen help. Sure enough, he was traded back to the Orioles that same day, for Bobby Floyd."I always knew I'd come back to the Orioles someday," he said. He made 21 appearances for the Orioles the rest of the season, finishing the year with a 5–4 record, a 3.52 ERA, and 59 strikeouts in 69 innings pitched in 45 games between Kansas City and Baltimore. The Orioles won the AL East, and <mask> was a part of their playoff roster. He did not make an appearance in the first-round sweep of the Twins but was used twice in the World Series against the Reds. In Game 2, he entered in the fifth and pitched  innings, giving up a solo home run to Johnny Bench in the Orioles' 6–5 victory over the Reds. He threw a scoreless ninth inning in Game 4, but the Orioles lost that game 6–5. However, that was the Orioles only loss of the series, and Drabowsky won another World Series ring as the Orioles defeated the Reds in five games.<mask> was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Jerry DaVanon on November 30, 1970. He got into 51 games his first season with St. Louis, going 6–1 with a 3.43 ERA, eight saves, and 49 strikeouts in  innings pitched. His ERA improved with the Cardinals during the next season; it was at 2.60 through his first 30 games when the club released him August 9. Signed days later by the Chicago White Sox, he became the 6th-oldest player in the American League. <mask> saw the end of his career coming in a game against the Boston Red Sox in August. "I threw a fastball [to Tommy Harper], and I watched that ball go to the plate, and I said, ‘When in the world is that ball going to get to the plate?’ I said, ‘Hey, my career is over.’” In 37 games, he had a 1–1 record, a 2.57 ERA, two saves, and 26 strikeouts in 35 innings. He lasted until the end of the year with Chicago, but following his release on October 6, <mask> would never pitch again.Career statistics and pitching style
In 17 seasons <mask> won 88 games, lost 105, saved 55, struck out 1,162 and walked 702 in 1,641 innings pitched, posting a 3.71 ERA. He threw a fastball, curveball, and slider. When the Cubs first signed him, he was a hard-thrower, which helped him tie for second in the league in strikeouts as a rookie. Despite control issues, <mask> was supposed to be a future star for the team. However, his velocity went down after his arm injury in 1958. “I struggled for a few years after developing arm trouble,” summed up Drabowsky. “Then I made some delivery adjustments and became a pitcher instead of a thrower.I also became a student of the game, analyzing hitter’s strengths and weaknesses, and this is how I survived.”

Later life and coaching

Following his career, <mask> initially worked in other fields. He had a job with the Garden City Envelope Company in Chicago through 1982, following which he worked with a Canadian-owned communications firm. Changing salaries for coaches enabled him to return to baseball in the mid-1980s, and he became the Chicago White Sox' pitching coach in 1986. He then coached White Sox farm teams for several years: the Double-A Birmingham Barons from 1987 to 1988 and the Triple-A Vancouver Canadians from 1989 to 1991. Moving to the Cubs' organization in 1993, he served as the team's minor league pitching instructor for a year, then was the Cubs' pitching coach in 1994. After that, he served as the Orioles' minor league pitching instructor in Florida for over ten years, until his death in 2006. Practical joker
<mask> was well known as a prankster whose jokes involved, among other things, being rolled to first base in a wheelchair after claiming to be hit on the foot by a pitch while with the Cubs.(Teammate Dick Drott obtained the wheelchair and pushed <mask> to first—and was ejected from the game.) Frequently, he would make prank phone calls with the bullpen phones. While on the road at Anaheim Stadium in California, he once ordered a takeout meal from a Chinese restaurant—in Hong Kong. The year after he left Kansas City, when Baltimore was playing the Athletics on May 27, he called Kansas City's bullpen and, imitating former manager Alvin Dark's voice, ordered Lew Krausse Jr. to warm up, then sit down again. Not until the third call did someone recognize his voice. "You should've seen them scramble, trying to get Lew Krausse warmed up in a hurry," <mask> said. "It was really funny."Once, he inserted three goldfish into the other team's water cooler. Snake pranks were a specialty of <mask>'s; while he was with the Orioles, he cultivated relationships with a number of pet shops around Baltimore. The stores would loan him their snakes, and Drabowsky managed to scare such famous players as Brooks Robinson, Paul Blair, and Yogi Berra. During the 1969 World Series, a biplane flew over Memorial Stadium during Game 1 with a banner proclaiming, "Good Luck Birds: Beware of <mask>." For Game 2, he got the Baltimore Zoo to deliver a seven-foot black snake to the stadium. Though he was with the Orioles for their next World Series against the Reds, Drabowsky was more subdued in 1970: "When you're in the Series, you have to be careful because [pranks] might backfire." However, this caution did not apparently apply to people off the field, as Drabowsky gave Commissioner Bowie Kuhn a hot foot during the Orioles' 1970 World Series celebration."You never saw a shoe come off so fast in your life," Drabowsky assessed the effectiveness of that prank. In 1971, sportswriter Hal Bock was twice the victim of a Drabowsky hot foot during a series in New York (NL President Chub Feeney responded with an official censure.) During the same year, Drabowsky also threw cherry bombs in Chief Noc-A-Homa's teepee on a road trip to Atlanta. After retiring, he continued his jokes during his coaching days. Once, he even got arrested for cruelty to animals; Drabowsky wondered if he had done something unacceptable until he was informed at the police station that it was a joke arranged by his players. In the Jim Bouton book "Ball Four", one of Drabowsky's teammates claimed that Drabowsky got sick on a team flight and "puked up a panty girdle." "There is no bigger flake in organized baseball than Drabowsky," Bouton said.Polish heritage
Chicago columnist Mike Royko stated in his annual Cubs quiz, April 11, 1968, that <mask> "is still considered the best pitcher that Ozanna, Poland, ever produced." In 1987, Drabowsky took a trip there with Hall of Famer Stan Musial to hold a baseball clinic in Kutno. Though Poland was his birthplace, he needed an interpreter to communicate with the players. "Talent in the raw, this is," Drabowsky characterized the Polish ballplayers with his usual wry sense of humor. "Very raw. Very, very raw. Extremely raw."He and Musial brought the participants baseball equipment donated by the MLB Commissioner's office, training the players on the fundamentals of the game. <mask> was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Personal life
In 1957 <mask> met his first wife, Elisabeth Johns, a flight attendant for United Airlines, while traveling with his teammates. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters: Myra Beth and Laura Anne. A baseball fan, Elisabeth once told a reporter that she had harbored a crush on Dodgers' star Gil Hodges since she was ten. <mask>'s daughter Laura, played the role of Brenda Madison on Port Charles. After 35 years of marriage, <mask> and Elisabeth divorced, and <mask> got remarried in 1992.During his playing career, he worked as a stockbroker in the offseason. The Sporting News quipped that he came to the major leagues with The Sporting News in one hand and The Wall Street Journal in the other. <mask> died in Little Rock, Arkansas following a long battle with multiple myeloma at age 70 on June 10, 2006. First diagnosed with the disease in 2000 and given six months to live, he survived longer than expected, continuing to coach while undergoing stem cell treatments. See also
 List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics Opening Day starting pitchers

References

External links

Baseball Almanac
Baseball Library

1935 births
2006 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Houston Buffs players
Kansas City Athletics players
Kansas City Royals players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball players from Poland
Milwaukee Braves players
Baseball players from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Lwów Voivodeship
People from Leżajsk County
Sportspeople from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Polish emigrants to the United States
Portland Beavers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Trinity Bantams baseball players
Vancouver Mounties players
Loomis Chaffee School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American

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title: Arthur Rhoné

texts:
<mask>-<mask> (14 March 1836 – 7 June 1910) was a wealthy amateur French Arabist and Egyptologist. He was known for his efforts to prevent the vandalism of monuments in Cairo, Egypt, and in Paris, France. Often the destruction was done in the name of restoration, or of other improvements to the city. Life

Early years (1836–65)
<mask> was born in Paris on 14 March 1836. He was the eldest child of a Catholic family that had a good income from the Anzin mines, which had been discovered by an ancestor. His father, <mask>, Master of Requests (maître des requêtes) at the court of auditors, died prematurely in 1847. In November 1864 <mask> met Théodule Devéria, conservator of the Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre.A month later <mask>, Devéria and some friends sailed to Egypt, where he saw Alexandria, Cairo, Memphis, and the work on the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. This was Devéria's third visit to Egypt, in which he made drawings and took photographs that were reproduced in an album of 77 plates. The party went on to the Holy Land, Damascus and Istanbul. The voyage made a great impression on <mask>. Work in France (1865–79)

On his return to France in 1865 Rhoné planned a major work with his companions on ancient Egypt with historical notes on the hieroglyphs, natural history and history of the pharaohs. He would provide a precise topography of Cairo with supporting maps and explanatory notes about the city's monuments. However, there were delays in starting the project, and his lack of professional status proved a drawback.A few months later he married Gabrielle Bertrand, daughter of the mathematician and academician Joseph Bertrand. In 1867 Rhoné joined the newly created National Museum of Antiquities (Musée des Antiquités nationales) in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He helped prepare a guide to the museum. He worked on a book about his memories of Egypt. The first volume, describing Cairo and its surroundings, appeared at the end of 1877. The second volume, which was to be about Upper Egypt, was never published. He helped Auguste Mariette as a voluntary assistant with the "Ancient Egyptian House" for the Exposition Universelle of 1878.He also helped subsidize de Lesseps' business in Egypt. Further work in Egypt (1879–82)

At the start of 1879 Rhoné returned to Egypt with a group of artist friends, and went on the Palestine. In Egypt he spent all his time on Cairo, to which he returned with Mariette. In October 1878 exceptionally high waters of the Nile had inundated the Musée de Boulaq beside of the river. The building was damaged, the museum was closed, antiquities had to be packed in cases and many of the old papers were destroyed. This may have been when Rhoné decided to alert Paris to the  impact of the improvements by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha on the ancient city, which had been relatively undisturbed in 1865. Rhone did much to publicize the discoveries of Egyptology in articles in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts and Le Magasin pittoresque.He published photographs of the Boulaq museum and the archaeological excavations. He also wrote of the destruction in Cairo since his last visit. He detailed the "vandalisme restaurateur", the "vandalism of the restorer", on buildings such as the Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad, a fifteenth century masterpiece. On 28 December 1880 a permanent archaeological mission was established in Cairo. Rhoné did not acknowledge that the Ottomans had helped preserve the fabric of Cairo. In 1881 he wrote "the city of Cairo was still intact, at least in the sense that its monuments continued to fall quietly into ruin following the eternal way of the Orient; at least nothing was attempted in the way of works called 'improvement' and 'Restoration. Rhoné was concerned with the impact of Italian architects and builders, who undertook much of the construction in Cairo at the time, introducing what he called "Italian Gothic style" buildings.He argued that some of the principles of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc should be followed, specifically that of respecting local building techniques. In restoration work, he agreed with Viollet-le-Duc about the need to understand the original context when a monument was built, and with William Morris about the need to respect and preserve all periods of a building. He used the Al-Hussein and Sayyida Zaynab mosques as examples of the damage done by insensitive restorers. A decree of 10 January 1881 charged Rhoné with a mission to the East, particularly Egypt, to study Arab and Egyptian monuments. He immersed himself in the study of Cairo in the early 15th century, and traced the enclosure of the Fatimid palace in the heart of the old city. The orientalist Paul Ravaisse was impressed by Rhoné's innovative approach and valuable results, and in September 1881 arranged for Rhoné's mission to be extended by another year, this time with a small salary. In October 1881 Rhoné returned to Cairo with his family for a nine-month stay in which he concentrated on ancient Egyptian remains, although he also studied the Arab monuments and the topology of Cairo.The Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe (Commission for Conservation of Monuments of Arab Art) was established by decree of the Khedive on 18 December 1881, due in part to the pressure from Rhoné and his friends. Later career (1882–1910)

In the summer of 1882 Rhoné refused an invitation to further extend his mission in Cairo. On his return to Paris Rhoné became involved in preserving that city, attacking the changes being made by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. He made one further trip to the East, when he visited Petra with Augé de Lassus. In 1884 he lost all sight in one eye, and could only see poorly with the other. Rhoné published Réflexions sur l’enlaidissement progressif des villes qu’on embellit (Reflections on the progressive disfiguration of cities by improvements) in 1889. In this work he denounced the treatment of ancient Parisian buildings and monuments, with removal of architectural elements that did not suit modern taste, addition of incongruous modern structures beside the old and destruction monuments by great boulevards.<mask> died in Paris on 7 June 1910. Memberships

Rhoné was a member of various societies:
Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France: member (1874–96)
Société des amis des monuments parisiens: associate (1885–1900), committee member and treasurer (1886–90)
Société historique du VIe arrondissement de Paris: member of the administrative council (1898–1910)
Société historique et archéologique des VIIIe et XVIIe arrondissements de Paris
Société nationale des antiquaires de France: correspondent (1889)

Publications

Notes

Sources

1836 births
1910 deaths
French archaeologists

masks:
Arthur
Ali Rhoné
Arthur Rhoné
Léon Rhoné
Rhoné
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Arthur Rhoné


title: Li Yonghong

texts:
<mask> (born 16 September 1969) is a Chinese businessman and investor who first came into the public eye in 2016 when he succeeded Silvio Berlusconi as the owner of the Italian football club A.C. Milan. <mask> is also known for his stock market transactions in mainland China. <mask> was born in Guantang Village, Daqiao Town, Huazhou, Maoming, Guangdong Province. He also had a citizenship in the Hong Kong S.A.R. of China by migrating there in 1994 (claimed by himself), which was considered as a "foreign" investor in mainland China due to separate legal jurisdiction of Hong Kong from the rest of China. Career
According to a C.V. provided by <mask> to Duolun Industry, <mask> was the director and general manager of a Hong Kong incorporated company Enson Enterprises Limited () from 1994 to 1997 (a company dissolved by striking-off in 2000); the director and general manager of a Chongqing-based company () from 1997 to 2005, as well as chairman and CEO of Hong Kong-incorporated "Grand Dragon International Holdings Co., Ltd." from 2005. However, according to the filings in Hong Kong Companies Registry, there was no such <mask> in the board of directors of Enson Enterprises, nor in Grand Dragon.Instead, <mask> was the director of China Power Group (HK) Limited (), Hong Kong China Power Books Publication Co., Ltd. (), Noble Wisdom Development Limited () and LYH Investment Limited, according to the database of Hong Kong Companies Registry. A.C. Milan
In August 2016, Fininvest, the parent company of Italian football club A.C. Milan, signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese investment management company Sino-Europe Sports Investment Management Changxing Co., Ltd. () to sell the club for €740 million (including €220 million indebtedness of the company), valued on 30 June 2016 (A further €90 million cost of the club from 1 July to the closing date was added to the valuation). Sino-Europe Sports paid Fininvest €100 million immediately after the deal as a deposit, and the closing date of the deal was set at December 2016. Sino-Europe Sports, registered in Changxing County, according to Chinese Government's National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, was solely owned by mainland Chinese citizen Chen Huashan () with a share capital of just . However, it was reported that <mask> and a private equity fund () of Haixia Capital Management were the true owner of Sino-Europe Sports. Moreover, Sino-Europe Sports was represented by David Han <mask> in the signing of the contracts with Fininvest. In the same month Sino-Europe Sports found a private equity fund (incorporated as a limited partnership as ) to raise fund to acquire Milan, which Chinese listed company Rongyu Group (formerly known as Jilin Yongda Group) signed an agreement to subscribe  deferred share, which would only paid-in the capital when the fund raise enough capital in ordinary and preference share.However, Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum in December, and the deal was delayed to March 2017. Sino-Europe Sports paid a second deposit of €100 million (making the total deposit was €200 million) to Fininvest via Hong Kong subsidiaries of Sino-Europe Sports: Rossoneri Sport Investment Co., Ltd. and Rossoneri Champion Co., Ltd.. However, according to the filing in Hong Kong Companies Registry, Rossoneri Sport Investment borrowed HK$830 million (around €100 million according to exchange rate at that time) from a BVI-incorporated company, Willy Shine International Holdings Limited () on 13 December 2016. The loan was refurbished on 23 January 2017. In February 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) was recapitalised by yet another BVI-incorporated company Rossoneri Advanced Co., Ltd. for HK$864.5 million, making Sino-Europe Sports became a minority shareholder on Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) for HK$100 million share, or 10.37%, although Chen remained as the sole director of Rossoneri Sport Investment and 100% owner of the entire share capital of Rossoneri Champion. The two BVI companies had raised a concern in Italy on who was the actual investors. Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum again in March 2017.In order to finalise the closing, the company received a loan from Elliott Management Corporation, an investment firm which has widely been described as a vulture fund. According to Calcio e Finanza, Elliott used two associate companies King George Investments and Genio Investments to finance the parent company of Milan that was owned by Li indirectly. It was also reported that another private equity fund, Blue Skye, also financed the deal. On 13 April 2017, the sale was officially finalised, which Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg Sàrl became the new direct parent company of the club. Rossoneri Luxembourg, as of January 2017 was owned by Hong Kong-company Rossoneri Sport Investment. On 14 April <mask> was confirmed as the new chairman of the club, with Marco Fassone was confirmed as CEO (). It was reported that the final price of the club was €606 million (the price included a refurbishment of a €90m credit line of Fininvest to Milan), excluding the refurbishment of the club debt.The club had planned to issue 2 tranches of corporate bonds for a total of €128m, ( and ) as well as a recapitalization of a maximum of €60m, in order to funding the club in 2017 after the takeover. On 22 October 2017, it was revealed by David Webb that Teamway International Group (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time), a small-sized Hong Kong-listed company, had lent US$8.3 million (approx. HK$65 million by the narrow band floating exchange rate) to Hong Kong-based Rossoneri Sport Investment. According to the press release by Teamway (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time) on 29 August 2017, it was also revealed that Rossoneri Advance[d] was owned by <mask> himself; <mask> charged the entire issued shares of Rossoneri Advance[d] to Teamway International Group as collateral. In September 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment also filed a revised "Annual Return" to reflect the "correct" condition in June 2017, that Rossoneri Advance owned all the shares of the company. On 31 October 2017, Reuters reported that <mask> only paid-in €27 million out of €60 million capital increase of AC Milan so far, matching the concern of his financial condition, willingness and ability to recapitalize Milan with such a high interest rate on a small amount of loan. Last but not the least, <mask> failed to refurbished the loan in February 2018, but was allowed to extended for a month, with an interest rate of 24% p.a.On 16 November 2017, The New York Times reported that <mask> alleged himself had a mining empire to Italian football officials, which "was hardly known even in mining circles [of China]." The mining empire, on paper record, was owned by other people. However, the newspaper also stated that "Some wealthy people in China list their holdings under the names of relatives or associates to avoid scrutiny". At the same time, UEFA was not convinced to a proposal from Milan, regarding a voluntary agreement that aiming to delay the deadline of break-even requirement of UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, according to the report of La Gazzetta dello Sport. It was formally rejected in December by the UEFA, citing " there are still uncertainties in relation to the refinancing of the loans to be paid back in October 2018 and the financial guarantees provided by the main shareholder. "; Marca speculated that the club may face discipline action regarding the club's summer spending. Eventually Milan was banned by UEFA from European competition for 2018–19 season, citing "the break-even requirement".It was reported that Milan failed to meet the aggregate break-even requirement for the period from 2014 to 2017. In July 2018, Elliott Management acquired full ownership of Milan. On 12 July, Elliott officially struck-off Li's holding company Rossoneri Champion Inv. Lux. as a shareholder of Milan's direct parent company Rossoneri Sport Inv. Lux. According to the press release of Teamway International Group, Li also defaulted the loan from Teamway International Group.Other Business Activities

Jade Valley Group
It was reported that <mask> is the son of <mask>hi () and younger brother of <mask>i (), which were arrested in 2003 for illegally raising funds in Huazhou, Maoming. According to legal proceeding, <mask> family had set up a company in mainland China as Jade Valley Development () to invest in farmland. However, they also made false dividend forecast to attract investment as a pyramid scheme. According to the legal proceeding and Hong Kong Companies Registry, <mask> family had set up a Hong Kong company Jade Valley Group Limited (, formerly known as Lis Consortium (International) Limited; ) to channel the assets, which was 95% owned by <mask>'s eldest brother <mask> (); the rest of the share was owned by a Honduras citizen, with unknown relation with <mask> family. Chinese police failed to arrest <mask> as he also had Hong Kong citizenship and evaded from mainland China. It was reported that <mask> had emigrated to Honduras. Jade Valley Group Limited was dissolved by striking off from the register by the government of Hong Kong in 2005.According to 1993 Hainan Yearbook, <mask> family's Jade Valley Group Limited incorporated two subsidiaries in Hainan ( and ), to develop Chief Power Building (), which <mask> was the general manager and his eldest brother <mask> as the chairman. In 2010 Chief Power Real Estate was dissolved by strike-off from the registry by the administration bureau, as the bureau failed to inspect the company. Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also involved in numerous legal dispute with others, including the selling of a unit in Chief Power Building without disclosing the unit had been mortgaged, contract dispute with a pawn shop in the sell and bought back of a unit of Chief Power Building, and fail to repayment of loans to China Construction Bank (the bad debt was later transferred to China Cinda Asset Management) and China Investment Bank (for US$1.1 million; the bank business was received by China CITIC Bank). Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also suffered from a scam that another person falsify a document to sell unit A2 of 12/F of Chief Power Building. Duolun Industry
Li Yonghong was also sanctioned  in 2013 by the Chinese regulator China Securities Regulatory Commission for failing to disclose the sale of the entire share capital of the parent company of a Chinese listed company Shanghai Duolun Industry Co., Ltd. (, now known as "P2P Financial Information Service Co., Ltd."). The holding company, known as "Duolun Investment (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd." at that time (now known as "P2P (China) Co., Ltd.") was incorporated in Hong Kong. The holding company owned 11.75% shares of the listed company as the largest shareholder at 31 December 2011.Li Yonghong acquired the holding company in December 2011 for  and sold in May–June 2012 for . Before the deal, the holding company had already faced financial difficulties, which pledged 11.75% shares of the listed company to Bohai Trust in October 2011, as well as selling a further 15.22% shares from April to September 2011 and an additional 9.53% shares in November 2011. A pledge of 35.82% shares of the listed company (to Hua Xia Bank and New China Trust) were only released in April and September 2011. In July 2013, the pledge of the 11.75% share of the listed company by the holding company was released by Bohai Trust. However, the holding company, under the new owner Xian Yan (), pledged the entire 11.75% shares back to Li Yonghong. Half of the pledged shares were released in April 2014 and May 2014, only sold by the holding company on the same day. In August 2014, the shares pledged to Li Yonghong were released, only re-pledged to Ping An Securities on the same day.According to a news report by China Securities Journal, Chen Jianyong () and Xian <mask> (), the relatives of <mask> and Xian Yan respectively, had formed two companies ( and ) respectively, which were the investors in a private equity fund (as a trust) to buy the shares of Duolun Industry, which was accused by other investor () of the fund as insider trading. Using alias
According to news report by Securities Times (a newspaper of "People's Daily Press"), <mask> may used an alias <mask> () to do business in some companies, such as Beijing Dahe Zhizhou Group () and Li family's Chief Power Real Estate. Grand Dragon International Holding
Li Yonghong alleged himself as the chairman of Hong Kong-incorporated Grand Dragon International Holdings (). The company falsely claimed itself as the official Chinese side representative to build the Thai Canal. In 2017 a press release of Grand Dragon International Holding appeared on the website of another company Guangdong Longhao Aviation Group (), denying <mask> was the chairman of Grand Dragon International Holdings at any time. List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors
On 12 September 2018, <mask> was added to the List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors () by the local court of Jingmen. According to the press release, <mask> defaulted a loan from aforementioned Hubei Jingjiu ().References

1969 births
Living people
A.C. Milan chairmen and investors
A.C. Milan directors
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Chinese football chairmen and investors
Hong Kong businesspeople
People from Maoming
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from Guangdong

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Naiz
Li Yongfe
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Hongqiang
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Bingfeng
Li
Li
Li


title: Cliff Couser

texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1971) is a heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed "The Black Bull" and often "Twin Tyson" for his resemblance to Mike Tyson, <mask> fought several contenders from his era. <mask> has also claimed numerous times to be the half brother of Mike Tyson. Professional career
<mask> turned pro in 1993 and has   beaten notable fighters, such as James "Quick" Tillis, Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Monte Barrett. His career peak was 25-10, until he lost to former light Heavyweight and Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer and went 1-11 after that. He has won the Utah State Heavyweight title and also the North American Heavyweight titles. Outside the Ring
<mask> played Mike Tyson in the HBO film Don King: Only in America.He has a son by the name of Sky Christopher King who resides in Rosedale, Mississippi and a daughter by the name of Shae Moore who lives in Las Vegas.

masks:
Clifford Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser


title: Roland II Rátót

texts:
<mask>II) from the kindred Rátót (; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary. He was the ancestor of the Jolsvai family. Family
<mask> II was born into the influential and prestigious gens (clan) Rátót, as the son of magister Leustach II. His grandfather was Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. <mask> II had a brother Desiderius I (also "the Blind"), who served as ispán of Borsod and Gömör Counties, and married a daughter of oligarch Stephen Ákos, establishing an alliance between the two powerful kindreds. <mask> had four sons from his unidentified wife.Through his eldest son, Desiderius II, he was the ancestor of the Jolsvai (previously Gedei) noble family, which became extinct in 1427. His two younger sons, Leustach IV and <mask> III held various ispánates in the 1330s. <mask>'s fourth son, Stephen III was mentioned only once in 1321. Career
<mask> first appeared in contemporary records in 1275. During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many Cumans decided to leave Hungary instead of obeying the papal legate Philip's demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates.<mask>, his brother Desiderius and two of his cousins, Rathold <mask> and Nicholas "Vecse" successfully defended the Cistercian monastery at Egres (present-day Igriș in Romania). Thereafter <mask> and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. <mask> was present at the siege of Gede Castle (present-day Hodejov, Slovakia), where the rebellious Finta Aba barricaded himself in mid-1281. Later <mask> himself owned the castle, but the date of acquisition is unknown. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day Hódmezővásárhely) in 1282. For his military service, <mask> was made Master of the horse by Ladislaus IV in 1283. It is possible he belonged to that baronial group, which was dominated by the gens Csák during that time.The alliance disintegrated by the following year with the deaths of brothers Matthew II and Peter I Csák. Thus <mask> also lost his office. He was replaced by James Borsa, who was first mentioned in that capacity in August 1284. Maintaining the short-lived dual system in the dignity in order to avoid power struggle, which characterized the late reign of Andrew III, <mask>t became Palatine of Hungary for the Transdanubian region () – simultaneously Apor Péc was responsible for Cisdanubia – in 1298 and held that office until the next year. In the contemporary context, this meant that <mask> had jurisdiction over Eastern Hungary in this capacity (as "Transdanubia" had a different meaning than present days), while Apor Péc supervised the counties in Western Hungary. In addition, <mask> also bore the title of Judge of the Cumans. <mask> held an assembly at Gáva (today part of Gávavencsellő) in October 1298 and in Borsod County in the following year.Following the death of <mask> and the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, <mask> presumably supported the claim of Wenceslaus of Bohemia to the Hungarian throne, similarly to his cousins (including <mask>, the actual head of the family) and brother Desiderius. He attended the wedding of Stephen Ákos the Younger with a foreign (Bavarian or Czech) princess in early 1303, but this fact does not confirm his affiliation, as pro-Charles oligarch Amadeus Aba was also present. He was first referred to as "baron" in 1303. He took an oath of allegiance to Charles I by the next year. Within a short time, he rose to prominence in the royal court of Charles, becoming one of the most illustrious domestic partisans of the Anjou prince, alongside Ugrin Csák and Amadeus Aba. <mask> was styled as Palatine of Hungary since February 1303, he attended the aforementioned wedding in this capacity. In the first decade of the 14th century, seven barons held the dignity simultaneously.Majority of the historians, including Gyula Kristó and Jenő Szűcs, considered, these barons, <mask> Csák, Amadeus Aba, Ivan Kőszegi, Stephen Ákos, James Borsa, Apor Péc and <mask>t himself were arbitrarily took and used the title, which marked its devaluation. However, historian Attila Zsoldos developed a special theory. When <mask> formed a league against his enemies, a group of powerful lords — including the Kőszegis, Matthew Csák and <mask> — urged <mask> of Naples to send his grandson, the 12-year-old Charles of Anjou, to Hungary in order to become king, according to the Illuminated Chronicle. The young prince disembarked in Split in August 1300, supported by most Croatian and Slavonian lords. However, the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák were shortly reconciled with Andrew, preventing Charles' success. Zsoldos argued <mask> entered into a new feudal contract with the barons in the summer of 1300: Matthew Csák and Ivan Kőszegi became "perpetual" Palatines and Andrew accepted their suzerainty over their provinces, while the king's two most powerful partisans, Amadeus Aba and Stephen Ákos were also granted this privilege. In addition to them, two co-palatines of the previous year, <mask> and Apor Péc also received the title as a counterweight, according to Zsoldos' theory.Therefore the historian considers <mask> already bore the dignity of Palatine since the last regnal year of Andrew. Accordingly, the claimants to the Hungarian throne inherited Andrew's last decision, and they were forced to accept the status quo. As Zsoldos emphasized the oligarchs recognized each other's titles, in addition to the monarchs, cathedral chapters and other institutions. One of the basis of Zsoldos' theory is the fact that <mask> and Apor Péc were considered as much less important persons than, for instance Matthew Csák or Amadeus Aba. Still, other moderately influential lords did not follow the example of Apor and <mask>, and nobody else were styled as palatine beyond two of them. In a royal document from 1307, Charles also referred to <mask> as palatine, acknowledging his title. <mask>t was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.He used the title of palatine there too. After Charles' third coronation, which was performed in full accordance with customary law, on 27 August 1310, the king recognized only James Borsa as Palatine, who was appointed to the position in 1306 by Charles. <mask>t was deceased by then, as he was never mentioned by contemporary documents after the diet in October 1307. References

Sources

1307 deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
14th-century Hungarian people
Roland 02
Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary
Masters of the horse (Kingdom of Hungary)

masks:
Roland (
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
II
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland
Roland
Roland
Andrew III
Roland
Dominic II
Roland
Matthew III
Roland Rátó
Andrew III
Roland Borsa
Charles II
Andrew III
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland Rátó


title: Joshua ben Hananiah

texts:
<mask> ben <mask> ( Yəhōšuaʿ ben Ḥánanyāh; d. 131 CE), also known as Rabbi Yehoshua, was a leading tanna of the first half-century following the destruction of the Temple. He is the seventh-most-frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah. Biography
He was of Levitical descent, and served in the sanctuary as a member of the class of singers. His mother intended him for a life of study, and, as an older contemporary, Dosa ben Harkinas, relates, she carried the child in his cradle into the synagogue, so that his ears might become accustomed to the sounds of the words of the Torah. It was probably with reference to his pious mother that <mask> thus expressed himself concerning <mask> ben Hananiah: "Hail to thee who gave him birth". According to another tradition <mask> praised him in the words of Ecclesiastes (4:12), "And a threefold cord is not quickly broken." Perhaps he meant that in <mask> the three branches of traditional learning, Midrash, Halakha, and Aggadah, were united in a firm whole; or possibly he used the passage in the sense in which it was employed later, to show that <mask> belonged to a family of scholars even to the third generation.<mask>'s permanent residence was in Peki'in, a place between Yavne and Lydda, where he followed the trade of a tailor. This occupation did not in any degree diminish the respect paid to him as one of the influential members of the academy at Yavne. <mask> ben Hananiah was one of the five who formed the inner circle of Yohanan's pupils. In enumerating them, tradition places him at the head together with Eliezer ben Hurcanus. Tradition also frequently mentions these two together as upholders of opposite views. They were both present at the celebration of the circumcision of Elisha ben Abuyah (Acher), in Jerusalem, and diverted themselves by connecting passages in the Torah with others in the Prophets and the Hagiographa. It was also Eliezer and <mask> who rescued Yohanan ben Zakkai from the besieged city and brought him into the camp of Vespasian.After the death of Yohanan <mask> c. 80 CE, <mask> was the heartiest supporter of Gamaliel II's efforts to bring about the predominance of the views of Hillel the Elder's followers over those of Shammai's, and thus to end the discord which had so long existed between the schools. But he was the very one whom Gamaliel humiliated on a certain occasion when the authority of the president was in question. <mask>'s pliant disposition did not shield him from humiliation by Gamaliel a second time, and the wrong done to Yehoshua was the cause of Gamaliel's removal from office. He soon obtained <mask>'s forgiveness, and this opened the way for his reinstatement; but he was now obliged to share his office with Eleazar ben Azariah, who had originally been appointed his successor. <mask> esteemed Eleazar very highly, and on one occasion called out in his emphatic manner: "Hail to thee, Father Abraham, for Eleazar ben Azariah came forth from thy loins!" When it became necessary to present the case of the Palestinian Jews at Rome, the two presidents, Gamaliel and Eleazar, went as their representatives, and <mask> Hananiah and Akiva accompanied them. This journey of the "elders" to Rome, and their stay in the Imperial City, furnished material for many narratives.In one of these the Romans call on <mask> ben <mask> to give proofs from the Bible of the resurrection of the dead and of the foreknowledge of God. In another, <mask> comes to the aid of Gamaliel when the latter is unable to answer the question of a "philosopher". In tractate Horayot, in an anecdote concerning a sea voyage undertaken by Gamaliel and <mask>, the astronomical knowledge of the latter is put to use. He is said to have calculated that a comet would appear in the course of the voyage. After Gamaliel's death, the first place among the scholars fell to <mask>, since Eliezer <mask>us was under a ban. <mask> wished to do away with a regulation of Gamaliel's, but met with opposition on the part of the council. <mask> stood by the death-bed of his colleague Eliezer <mask>us and called to him: "O master, thou art of more value to Israel than God's gift of the rain; since the rain gives life in this world only, whereas thou givest life both in this world and in the world to come".When, after Eliezer's death, the other law scholars, Eleazar ben Azariah, Tarfon, and Akiva, contested some of his opinions, <mask> said to them: "One should not oppose a lion after he is dead". Eleazar, also, seems to have died some time before <mask>. It is related that when <mask> Hananiah was about to die, the scholars standing round his bed mourned, saying: "How shall we maintain ourselves against the unbelievers?" <mask> comforted them with words from Jeremiah 49:7: "If counsel has been taken away from the children [of God, i.e. Israel], the wisdom of these [the enemy] has also perished". After his death <mask>'s importance was extolled in the words: "Since Rabbi <mask> died, good counsel has ceased in Israel." Not long after <mask>'s death the thinkers were superseded by the men of action, and Simon bar Kokhba, enthusiastically greeted by <mask>'s most influential pupil, Rabbi Akiva, raised the flag of rebellion against Rome.That this step had not been taken earlier was due to <mask>'s influence. Relations with non-Jews
In the beginning of Hadrian's rule, <mask> appears as a leader of the Jewish people. When the permission to rebuild the Temple was again refused, he turned the excited people from thoughts of revolt against Rome by a speech in which he skilfully made use of a fable of Aesop concerning the lion and the crane. About the same time, <mask> by his eloquence prevented the whole area of the Temple from being pronounced unclean because one human bone had been found in it. <mask> lived to witness Hadrian's visit to Palestine, and he followed the emperor to Alexandria (130). The conversations between <mask> and Hadrian, as they have been preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (Hullin 59b) and the Palestinian Midrash, have been greatly modified and exaggerated by tradition, but they nevertheless present in general a just picture of the intercourse between the witty Jewish scholar and the active, inquisitive emperor, the "curiositatum omnium explorator", as Tertullian calls him. In Palestinian sources <mask> answers various questions of the emperor: how God created the world, concerning the angels, as to the resurrection of the body, and with reference to the Decalogue.In the Babylonian Talmud, three conversations are related, which resemble that on the Decalogue, in that <mask> silences the emperor's mockery of the Jewish conception of God by proving to him God's incomparable greatness and majesty. <mask> also rebukes the emperor's daughter when she mocks at the God of the Jews; in another place she is made to repent for having mocked <mask>'s appearance. The emperor's question concerning the odor of Sabbath food is a mocking one. Once, <mask> told the emperor that he would dream of the Parthians. At another time, he excused his own non-appearance at a meeting by cleverly describing the infirmities of his old age. In one conversation, preserved by a later authority, <mask> defended the justice of God, which was doubted by the emperor. Once a dispute in pantomime took place in the emperor's palace between <mask> and a Judeo-Christian ("Min"), in which <mask> maintained that God's protective hand was still stretched over Israel.In another conversation <mask> defended the honor of Israel against a heretic, who had attacked it, by quoting from Micah 7:4. Some of the questions addressed to <mask> by the Athenian wise men, found in a long story in the Babylonian Talmud, contain polemical expressions concerning Christianity. The historical basis for this remarkable tradition is found in Hadrian's association with <mask> <mask>, in <mask>'s visit to Athens, and in his intercourse with Athenian scholars and philosophers. Its conclusion is an echo of the myth of the Danaïdes, and it is supposed to demonstrate the superiority of the "wise men of the Jews" over the "elders of Athens". Embodied in this tradition are the stories in which the wit of Athens is conquered by the cleverness of the men of Jerusalem. In one of these, the pupils of Yohanan ben Zakkai make sport of an Athenian. That the tradition contains in parts polemics against Christianity is explained by the fact that <mask> Hananiah fought the heresy of the Judeo-Christians.The same spirit is manifested in the story concerning his nephew Hananiah. His Exegesis
<mask> Hananiah's exegetical controversies with two of his most prominent contemporaries occupy an important place in the aggadic tradition. These two are his colleague Eliezer <mask>, who is frequently also mentioned in the Halakha as holding an opposite opinion, and Eleazar of Modi'im, who belonged to the school of Yavne and was especially known as the author of aggadic expositions of the Bible. The controversies between Eliezer and <mask> refer to cosmology, to eschatology, comprising views on the period as well as on the world to come and the resurrection, and to the interpretation of various Biblical passages. The controversies between <mask> ben <mask> and Eleazar of Modi'im are found in the Mekhilta on Exodus, and they form at the same time a continuous double commentary on the sections concerning the stay of the Israelites at Marah, the miracle of the manna, the fight with Amalek, and the visit of Jethro. In these controversies <mask>, as a rule, stands for the naturalistic, literal meaning of the words and the historical interpretation of the contents, putting emphasis on the meaning demanded by the context. The Alexandrian Jews addressed twelve questions to <mask>.They fall into four groups:
 three halakhic
 three aggadic
 three foolishly ignorant questions (a sort of parody on the questions of halakic casuistry)
 three questions taken from practical life. Eleven questions also were addressed to him concerning the special position of woman in physical, spiritual, social, and religious matters. Some of these with his answers are:
 "Why is a man easy, a woman difficult, to persuade?" "Man was created out of earth, which easily dissolves in water; woman was created from bone, which is not affected by water." "Why does a man have his head uncovered while a woman has hers covered?" "Whoever has committed a sin is ashamed before people; thus woman is ashamed on account of Eve's sin, and consequently covers her head." "Why do women take precedence in funeral processions?""Because they have brought death into the world." Opposition to asceticism
After the destruction of the Temple, <mask> opposed the exaggerated asceticism with which many wished to show their grief, e.g., in going without meat and wine because the altar on which they had sacrificed animals and poured libations of wine had been destroyed. He represented to them that to be consistent they ought to eat no figs or grapes, since no more first-fruits were offered, and that they ought even to refrain from bread and water, since the festival of drawing water had been discontinued, and the showbread as well as the two loaves of the feast of first-fruits could no longer be sacrificed. With such arguments <mask> supported the efforts of his teacher to make the grief at the loss of the Temple, which until then had been the center of religious life, less bitter. His opposition to asceticism, however, was due also to his mild and temperate nature, which caused him to say in regard to the severe regulations which had been adopted by the school of Shammai shortly before the destruction of the sanctuary: "On that day they overstepped the boundary." As he declared in a dispute on this subject with his colleague Eliezer <mask>rcanus, "they have poured water into a vessel full of oil, thus causing the costly oil to run to waste". <mask> saw the greatest danger to the community in the sickly offshoots of piety.The following he calls "enemies of general prosperity":
 the foolishly pious (pious at the wrong time)
 sly sinners
 the woman who shows an overpious bearing
 the hypocrites who pretend to be saints

In his motto of life he recommends temperance and the love of mankind as a security for individual happiness. An evil eye (grudging), evil inclination (passion), and hatred of mankind, he says, remove people from the world. In the same spirit he answers the question put by Yohanan <mask>kai to his pupils as to the best standard of conduct. He declares that one should seek association with a good companion and avoid a bad one. Various anecdotes illustrate the opposition between <mask>, who represented the teachings of Hillel, and his colleague Eliezer, who represented the teachings of Shammai, much in the same way as the opposition between Hillel and Shammai is depicted elsewhere. Sayings
<mask> Hananiah was regarded by posterity as a man always ready with an answer, and as the victorious representative of Jewish wit and wisdom. This is shown in the accounts of his conversations with heathens and in other narratives.He himself tells of three encounters in which he had to yield the palm to the wit of a woman and a child. He introduces the story in these words: "No one ever overcame me except a woman, a boy, and a maid". <mask> explains the end of Psalms 9:18 to mean that there are even among the Gentiles pious people who will have a share in the life everlasting. "The Psalms", he also said, "do not refer to the personal affairs of David, but to the affairs of all Israel." If a man learns a halakhic sentence in the morning and two sentences in the evening, and he is busy the whole day at his trade, it will be accounted to him as though he had fulfilled the whole Torah. Holidays are intended to be employed half for worldly enjoyment, half for study. From Ruth 2:19 it may be concluded that the poor person who receives does more for the giver than the giver does for the recipient.Other quotes
The evil eye and the evil inclination and hatred of one's fellow man put a man out of this world. More than what the Good Man of the house does for the poor, the poor man does for the Good Man of the house. There is no House of Study without its novellae. References

Bibliography
Bacher, Wilhelm. Die Agada der Tannaiten. Erster Band: Von Hillel bis Akiba  2nd ed. (Strassburg: Trübner, 1903), p. 123–187, 196–210
.Einleitung in die Mishna (Two parts, 1876/1885)
Derenbourg, Joseph. Essai sur l'Histoire et le Géographie de la Palestine, d'après les Thalmuds et les autres sources rabbiniques. Première partie. Histoire de la Palestine depuis Cyrus jusqu'à Adrien (Paris, 1867)
 Frankel, Zacharias. Darke ha-Mishnah (1859; reprint: Tel Aviv: Sinai, 1959)
Graetz, Heinrich. Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf den Gegenwart, Vol. 4 (Vierte Band): Geschichte der Juden vom Untergang des jüdischen Staates bis zum Abschluss des Talmud (Berlin: Veit, 1853), p. 29-46
Lewysohn, Abraham.Toledot R. Yehoshua' b. <mask>, in Naphtali Keller's Bikkurim, vol. 1 (1864), p. 26–35
Weiss, Isaac Hirsch. Dor-dor ve-dorshav, vol. 2 (1876)

131 deaths
Mishnah rabbis
2nd-century rabbis
Levites
Pirkei Avot rabbis

masks:
Joshua
Hananiah
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hcan
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hyrcan
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua ben
ben Hurcanus
Joshua
Joshua
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hu
Joshua
ben Zak
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Hananiah


title: Gladys Goldstein

texts:
<mask> (1918–2010) was an American artist who lived and worked within the art community of Baltimore, Maryland. Having begun as a representational artist specializing in portraits, she achieved recognition first for abstractions that were clearly based on natural forms and later for abstractions whose origin in natural forms was imperceptible. She was known for her deft handling of light and color in these works: atmospheric and subtle in some of them, intense and garish in others. Some critics saw an impressionist impulse in her paintings while others noted an expressionist ability to imbue them with emotion. In 1958 a critic said, "In nature Mrs. Goldstein finds a constant change in mood through patterns, rhythms, color; flamboyant now, wistfully delicate tomorrow; light, light that is reflected, light that is absorbed, light that is charged with the buoyancy of champagne or as quietly, morosely romantic, as any passage of Baudelaire." <mask> chose to be a regional artist. She occasionally exhibited elsewhere but did not actively promote her career outside a mid-Atlantic region centered on Baltimore.She taught art for most of her long career, first in classes held in community centers and later in Baltimore's College of Notre Dame. Early life and training

Born in Ohio, she was brought to Baltimore when her family relocated there in 1920. She took art classes as a child. After graduating from that city's Western High School, she attended, successively, Johns Hopkins and Columbia universities, the Art Students League of New York, and the Maryland Institute College of Art. While taking still more art classes in a summer session at Pennsylvania State College, she decided to become a professional artist. Career in art

At the beginning of her career she used <mask>. Hack as her professional name. In the late 1940s <mask>e Museum. The art on display was said to be predominantly representational and <mask>'s contributions were mostly portraits. In 1950 she became head of the Art Group and a year later she was jointly responsible for arranging the Baltimore branch's annual show. In 1952 she participated in an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. that was held during the biennial convention of the National League. A year later she participated in a large exhibition of regional artists at the Baltimore Museum of Art. By this time she was using <mask> <mask> as her professional name. At the end of that year she organized a show designed to sell paintings based on size rather than artistic value and priced low enough to be purchased as holiday gifts.The objective, she said, was to enable local citizens "to acquire an appreciation of original pictures by contemporary artists." The painting that she offered for sale was a departure from her earlier work. Called "Tree and Pink Sky," it was entirely abstract. She later said her transition from realist portraits to nature-derived abstractions was sudden and complete, but a fellow artist and art instructor, James G.A. Murphy, said that she continued to make portraits for private sale, but would only exhibit her abstract work. In the early 1950s <mask> joined a local group called the Painters' Seminar and in January 1956 she participated in, and help to hang, an exhibition of members' paintings in the lobby of a movie theater called the Film Center. The two paintings she showed, "Lights" and "Foliage of the Fall," were both abstracts.The critic for the Baltimore Sun said these two works dominated the show. In February 1956 she won second prize in the Maryland Artists Exhibition at the Baltimore Museum of Art. The award-winning painting, "Big City," was also the favorite of the show's visitors whose votes put it at the top of the best-liked list. A few months later, she received a best-in-show award for an oil painting in the art exhibition that accompanied the biennial conference of the National League of American Pen Women. In November she was given a solo exhibition at the Baltimore Museum of Arts. Her work appeared in one gallery while two other Baltimore artists, Shelby Shackelford and William Waller, were given separate solo shows. In 1956 <mask> began using <mask> rather than <mask> <mask> as her professional name.In 1957 <mask> was given a solo exhibition at the Duveen-Graham Galleries in New York. She showed fifteen oil paintings along with watercolors and some drawings. a critic for the New York Times gave the show a positive review, saying "Her most promising work is in a lyrical vein; softly rendered drifts of color, freely moving over a luminous base." In May 1959, when her work appeared in an invitational exhibition at Morgan State University, a critic for the Baltimore Sun said "<mask> seldom fails to furnish a fresh insight on whatever matter she undertakes; her "Blossom," the sparest imaginable oil-on-paper, seems composed of light." In December of the same year her paintings appeared in a solo exhibition in the lobby of a motion picture theater called the Playhouse. Regarding the show, the same Baltimore Sun critic said, "Her Playhouse show is not a major effort given the aspiration of the recent oils, but in its small way it is perfection." In February of the next year she showed with Amalie Rothschild, Bernard Perlman, and William Waller in a four-artist exhibition at the I.F.A.Galleries in Washington, D.C. and in September she showed with Lowell Nesbitt in a two-artist exhibition at Johns Hopkins University. Regarding her work in the latter, a Sun said, "As always, her sources are nature in its multiple aspects: the sea, tempestuous or calm, a summer landscape, a stony bank at the first moment of spring. But Mrs. Goldstein increasingly works toward essences; the literal fact becomes the esthetic fact, for she is, above all things a painter.... With a touch of brush, artist turns the literal into the esthetic." The Baltimore Sun gave extensive coverage to a solo exhibition held in a Baltimore suburban gallery in 1963. The newspaper's article, by Robert G. Breen, included comments by <mask> and others about a new direction her work had taken. It said she aimed at establishing what she called "horizontal perspective" and quoted her description of it. She said, "This perspective is perspective in space.It moves across the canvas, not back into the canvas. But it moves across in layers. This does not violate the picture plane but simply creates an illusion of movement by virtue of the depth created horizontally in flat layers, each layer retaining its own identity, yet uniting itself with the whole." The Sun gave a further description in reviewing another solo show the following year. The author said, "has set herself the sticky problem of capturing space and light by almost completely abstract means.... Mrs. Goldstein is thus working with layers of lightnear and far and mediansomething as evanescent as smoke and more capricious." The exhibition was mounted in the library of College of Notre Dame, the school in Baltimore where <mask> was then an art instructor. During the 1960s and 1970s <mask>'s work continued to appear frequently in group or solo exhibitions held in non-commercial settings such as colleges, community centers, religious organizations, benefit auctions, and municipal spaces.By 1976 she had participated in somewhat more than 150 exhibitions according to an article in the Baltimore Sun. She showed less frequently than before in commercial galleries such as the I.F.A. Gallery in Washington. When she showed at Villa Julie College in 1972, Lincoln F. Johnson, Baltimore Sun critic, wrote that, "Villa Julie College is showing works by <mask>, abstractions which operate, most of them, as visual metaphors for states of nature." "Elegant and refined," he added, "they sometimes have the appearance of precious objects." Oil paintings and gouaches had predominated in <mask>'s output until the late 1970s when she began to produce collages and other mixed-media work. Writing about a solo exhibition of close to fifty paintings and collages she had made during the previous few years, Elisabeth Stevens, a Baltimore Sun critic, called the collages "shimmering works featuring painstakingly placed fragments of foil, newspaper clippings and printed papers."In the 1980s showed paintings in square format that contained square and rectangular design elements. She told a reviewer that she found these shapes to be "peaceful and elegant," having "a purity of form" and the possibility of endless variations. At the end of the decade she showed mixed-media pieces which a critic called "collaged paintings," having on their surfaces pieces of paper and fabric as well as sand. They were "two-dimensional, non-illusionistic and non-representational," but they nonetheless suggested "land and landscape," "calligraphy and hieroglyph," and occasionally "stained glass window." Critics had increasingly seen inconsistency in <mask>'s work. They saw some high-quality pieces alongside ones that disappointed them. Regarding an exhibition at a commercial gallery in 1991, John Dorsey, of the Baltimore Sun, wrote: "<mask> is nothing if not erratic.When her abstractions succeed, they're a delight to behold. When they don't, they're frustratingly disappointing. It's not as if they're someone else's pictures or as if they needed work; they're unmistakably hers, they're unquestionably finished and they're clearly professional -- but they somehow just don't make it." He added, "That's not to say that <mask>, even when disappointing, is a bad artist. She works at a level that always deserves respect. But at her best the level is a lot higher than that." Between this time and her death nineteen years later, <mask> seems to have stopped exhibiting, or, at any rate, news reports of exhibits stopped appearing.She died on March 20, 2010. After her death, a curator said that during her career she had "focused on creating and teaching art and was not as interested in the financial gain through the sale of her pieces." Artistic style

<mask> began her career as a representational painter. In the late 1940s she showed realist portraits in the exhibitions of the League of Pen Women. Babushka, painted about 1935 and shown at right, is one of her earliest works. When she turned to abstraction in the early 1950s, she took natural objects as the basis for her work. "Sunflowers," of 1968, shown at left illustrates this style.During the 1970s, she handled references to nature more obliquely, as seen in "Peace Doves" of 1974, shown at right. Thereafter her work became more purely abstract. "Summer Garden" of 1980, shown at left, is a painting of this type. Many of her mid-career paintings were notable for their handling of light. She possessed an ability, as one critic said, to produce works that seem to be "composed of light." Another said her paintings appeared to have "layers of filmy colored veils with one color moving into the next." <mask> said she aimed to show light coming from within the canvas,... a living force from within."During roughly the first half of her long career she worked mainly in oil on canvas, supplemented by gouaches on paper and some drawings. She employed impasto for many of the early works and used the brush more and more toward the mid-point of her career. Later, she made many paintings in mixed media, collage forms and sometimes used staining and dripping techniques and incorporated metallics in her work. A critic said she maintained "extraordinary control" over her collages, weaving items "into the fabric of the painting so that it is the image rather than the materials which take precedence." Another said, "Her collages are small, shimmering works featuring painstakingly placed fragments of foil, newspaper clippings and printed papers." "Candy Wrappers," a small undated collage, shown at right, is an example of this style. She said, "I will sometimes take an object that I find on the floor or something that I've collected and I'll paste it on the canvas because that is part of living."During the 1980s, Goldstein focused on square and rectangular shapes. Of one of these paintings, "Signals," shown at left, a critic wrote, "the colors—reds, greens, blues, pinks—are beautiful and they glow almost as if they were stained glass." Goldstein said the shapes had intrigued her for a long time. She found them to be "peaceful and elegant" and said her response to them sometimes "verges on the mystic. Some of these paintings were themselves squares and some were as large as six feet long or high. Toward the end of her career <mask> began to supplant oils with acrylics and to combine organic forms with geometric ones. In 1991 a critic said she made "subtle use of color and a reserved but sensuous touch to create graceful, somewhat veiled, almost seductive effects."During this period she also made prints using a technique that originated in Mexico in 1970 and was called mixographia. Employing a beeswax surface rather than a metal plate or lithographic stone, this printing process allowed the artist to add a three-dimensional texture to her work. The untitled and undated print shown at right ("mixographia print") is an example of the prints she made using this technique. Art teacher

In the mid-1950s Goldstein began to teach art in a program called "Forest Park Evening Classes" in Baltimore. The program offered instruction in practical subjects such as typing and dressmaking at no cost to Baltimore residents and was directed by her husband, Edward H<mask>. It had begun to offer art classes in 1950. In 1957 she also began to teach classes at the newly-opened Metropolitan School of Art.Aiming to give art students an alternative to the relatively conservative instruction offered at the Maryland Institute of Art, the school taught amateurs and professionals, children and adults, in day and evening classes from that year until 1960. The following year and for the next two, she taught at the Maryland Institute of Art. In 1959 she began teaching art classes in the recreation center of Oheb Shalom temple and from the early 1960s she left that position to teach at the Jewish Community Center. In 1964 <mask> joined the faculty of the College of Notre Dame as an art instructor. In 1982, at the age of 62, she left her teaching jobs at the Jewish Community Center and Notre Dame, but continued to give private instruction. Personal life and family

<mask>'s father was Samuel Edward Hack (1893-1956), a ceramics artist and instructor. Her mother was Dorothy (Isaacson) Hack (1895-1952).Her paternal grandparents had been born in Polish Russia. Her paternal grandfather, Simon (18xx-1981), operated a shoe repair business in Baltimore. Her paternal grandmother, Goldie, died in 1915, age 44. She had an older brother, Ernest (1915-2003) and a younger one, Homer (1920-2007). In the early 1940s Goldstein married Edward H<mask> (born about 1912, died 2002), an administrator in the Baltimore public school system. The couple had a son, William N<mask> (1943-2006), a psychiatrist and professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

Goldstein died from complications after surgery at Seasons Hospice in Randallstown, Maryland on March 13, 2010, and was interred in Oheb Shalom Memorial Park, Reisterstown, Maryland. References

1918 births
2010 deaths
20th-century American painters
Abstract painters
American women painters
Artists from Baltimore
Painters from Maryland
20th-century American women artists
People from Newark, Ohio
Painters from Ohio
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Art Students League of New York alumni
Maryland Institute College of Art alumni
Notre Dame of Maryland University
21st-century American women

masks:
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys V
Goldsteineal
Goldstein
Gladys Hack
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Gladys Hack
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
. Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
. Goldstein
. Goldstein


title: Pat McDonough

texts:
<mask><mask> (born September 12, 1943) was a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates and a candidate for County Executive of Baltimore County, Maryland, in the 2018 elections. He represented District 7, which covers Baltimore and Harford Counties, along with fellow Republicans J.B. Jennings and Richard K Impallaria. He also served in the House from 1979 to 1983 as a Democrat. Education
<mask> attended Baltimore parochial schools. He then attended Baltimore City College. He later attended the University of Baltimore. <mask> has been a radio talk show host and producer.He is the president of the Maryland Leadership Council and the Future Leaders of America. He is a founding member of the Maryland Coalition Against Crime. He is a member of the Route 40 Business Civic Association and the Essex-Middle River-White Marsh Chamber of Commerce. He is also active with the Hawthorn Civic Association, the Joppa Residents Council, and the Harford County Pro Life group. <mask> is also a part of the President's Rally for America and the Classroom Coalition since 2004. He serves as the host for "Inside Annapolis", which is produced by Harford Community College Television. He is co-chair of the Annual Flag-waving Tribute to Victims and Families of 9–11.<mask> is known for his continual push to make English the official language for the State of Maryland. In March 2007, a resolution was sponsored by State Senator Nathaniel Exum calling for the state of Maryland to officially apologize for its role in slavery. <mask> criticized the bill as being a "superficial gesture designed to make people feel guilty". Additionally, he mentioned that, "I don't think apologies solve anything." <mask> was one of six dissenting votes in the House. Slavery existed in Maryland since 1642, was legally formalized in 1664, and was abolished under Maryland law by a new state constitution in 1864. In July 2007, <mask> called for the impeachment of Montgomery County Circuit Court Judge Katherine Savage who released a non-English-speaking rape suspect when he demanded a court-appointed interpreter and none were available.The suspect speaks Vai, a West African language. Judge Savage claimed that not having an interpreter denied the suspect his Constitutional right to a speedy trial, as provided by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Delegate <mask> maintained that the defendant did not need an interpreter, as he had attended both high school and college in the U.S., and had been successfully interviewed (in English) four times during the course of the investigation. <mask>'s circulated widely in early 2012 as he mounted a legislative challenge to the neighboring District of Columbia's Wildlife Protection Act of 2010. <mask>'s current radio program can be heard on WCBM AM680 radio in Baltimore on Saturday evenings from 8pm to 10pm. He ran in the 2018 Primary Election as a Republican candidate for County Executive of Baltimore County. He lost the primary to Al Redmer, 55%-44%.During the campaign, he pledged "dramatic and powerful change" if elected, calling for more police and greater efforts to combat gangs and drugs. Legislative notes
Supports continued criminal prohibition of marijuana, stating in March 2015, regarding legalization, "Who's the winner? The drug dealer. Who's the loser? The community." Opponent of criminal law reform in regard to non-violent crime, stating in March, 2015, regarding a number of Maryland state bills aimed at reducing incarceration, "Power to the criminal. This is the year of the criminal, apparently."voted against the Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (HB359) BILL INFO-2007 Regular Session-HB 359
voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6) 2007 Regular Session - Vote Record 0690
voted for the Healthy Air Act in 2006 (SB154) 2006 Regular Session - Vote Record 0942
voted for slots in 2005 (HB1361) 2005 Regular Session - Vote Record 0152

Election results

2018 Republican Primary Election for Baltimore County Executive
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Vote
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Alfred W. Redmer Jr.
|18,058
|  55.5%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>
|14,487
|  44.5%
|   Lost
|}

2016 General Election for US House of Representatives - Maryland District 2
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger, Dem. |11,154
|  8.4%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Norman Gifford, Jr., Dem. |10,192
|  7.7%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Pete Definbaugh, Dem. |14,885
|  12.6%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Kristina A. Sargent, Dem. |13,551
|  11.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|James Ward Morrow, Dem. B. Jennings, Rep.
|21,189
|  18.6%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|23,184
|  20.3%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Linda W. Hart, Dem.|17,122
|  15.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Jack Sturgill, Dem. |15,390
|  13.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Rebecca L. Nelson, Dem. |13,481
|  11.8%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Kim Fell, Green
|2,307
|  2.0%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|83
|  0.1%
|   Lost
|}

2006 Republican Primary Election for House of Delegates - District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outrcome
|-
|-
|<mask>uogh
|4,214
|  30.1%
|   Won
|-
|-
|-
|J.B. Jennings
|3,798
|  27.1%
|   Won
|-
|Richard K. Impallaria
|3,654
|  26.1%
|   Won
|-
|-
|John T. Laing
|1,499
|  10.7%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Nikolai Volkoff
|845
|  6.0%
|   Lost
|}

2002 General Election for Maryland House of Delegates – District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|J. B. Jennings, Rep.
|22,470
|  20.4%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|20,869
|  18.9%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Richard Impallaria, Rep.
|18,749
|  17.0%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Nancy M. Hubers, Dem. |17,092
|  15.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Donna M. Felling, Dem. |14,205
|  12.9%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Randy Cogar, Dem.|13,926
|  12.6%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Michael F. Linder, Libertarian
|2,817
|  2.6%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|80
|  0.1%
|   Lost
|}

2002 Republican Primary Election for Maryland House of Delegates - District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|<mask>
|3,191
|  16.9%
|   Won
|-
|-
|J.B. Jennings
|3,126
|  16.5%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Richard K. Impallaria
|2,594
|  13.7%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Sheryl L. Davis-Kohl
|2,473
|  13.1%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Michael J. Davis
|2,079
|  11.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Dilip B. Paliath
|1,883
|  10.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Christopher Saffer
|1,851
|  9.8%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Jackie Bailey
|1,708
|  9.0%
|   Lost
|}

1998 General Election for Baltimore County Register of Wills
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Grace G. Connolly
|123,896
|  59.7%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>
|83,471
|  40.3%
|   Lost
|}

1996 General Election for the US House of Representatives - Maryland District 3
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Ben Cardin, Dem. |130,204
|  67%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Pat McDounough, Rep
|63,229
|  33%
|   Lost
|}

1996 Republican Primary Election for the US House of Representatives - Maryland District 3
Voters choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Names
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Pat McDonough
|12,115
|  70%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Carroll Myers
|3,979
|  23%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Joseph Cilipote
|1,134
|  7%
|   Lost
|}

References and notes

External links
Pat McDonough's Official Website
Pat McDonough's page on Maryland House of Delegates website

Members of the Maryland House of Delegates
1943 births
People from Baltimore County, Maryland
Living people
University of Baltimore alumni
Baltimore City College alumni
Maryland Republicans
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Candidates in the 2016 United States elections
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections

masks:
Patrick L
. McDonough
McDonough
Career McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDono
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough