title: Ralph Albert Blakelock

texts:
<mask> (October 15, 1847 – August 9, 1919) was a romanticist American painter known primarily for his landscape paintings related to the Tonalism movement. Biography
<mask> was born in New York City on October 15, 1847, the son of Caroline Olinarg (Carry) and <mask><mask>, who was born in England. His father was a successful physician. <mask> initially set out to follow in his footsteps, and in 1864 began studies at the Free Academy of the City of New York (now known as the City College). He dropped out after his third term, opting to forgo formal education. From 1869–72 he traveled alone through the American West, wandering far from American settlements and spending time among the American Indians. Largely self-taught as an artist, he began producing competent landscapes, as well as scenes of Indian life, based on his notebooks he filled while traveling and on his personal memories and feelings.<mask>'s works were exhibited in the National Academy of Design. In 1877 <mask> married Cora Rebecca Bailey; they had nine children. In art, <mask> was a genius, yet, in business dealings and in monetary transactions he proved a failure. He found it difficult, if not crushing to maintain and support his wife and children. In desperation he found himself selling his paintings for extremely low prices, far beneath their known worth. In hopes of lifting his family from abject poverty, reportedly on the day his 9th child was born, <mask> had offered a painting to a collector for $1000. The collector made a counter offer and after refusing the proposed sum <mask> found himself in a bitter argument with his wife.After the domestic dispute, <mask> returned to the patron and sold the painting for a much lesser sum. Defeated and frustrated, it is said he broke down and tore the cash into pieces. And so it was after such repeated failed business transactions that he began to suffer from extreme depression and eventually show symptoms of mental frailty. <mask> suffered his first mental breakdown in 1891, while living with his brother in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. For financial assistance, he began selling his paintings, including 30 to 40 to vaudeville performer Lew Bloom between 1889 and 1892. His depression manifested in schizophrenic delusions in which he believed himself immensely wealthy – perhaps a compensation for his long struggle to provide for his family. In 1899, he suffered his final breakdown and spent almost the entire remaining twenty years of his life in mental institutions.Almost as soon as <mask> went into the first psychiatric hospital, his works began to receive recognition. Within a few years the paintings he had once sold for next to nothing were resold for several thousand dollars. In 1916, <mask> was made an Academician of the National Academy of Design. Meanwhile, <mask> languished in the mental asylum of Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, whose administration and staff were unaware of his fame as an artist, and who viewed his belief that his paintings were in major museums as one more sign of his illness. While confined he continued to paint in ink, painting on the backs of cardboard and various supports, substituting bark and his own hair for brushes. In 1916, one of <mask>'s landscapes sold at auction for $20,000, setting a record for a painting by a living American artist. It was this impressive price that captured the imagination of Sadie Filbert, who had reinvented herself as the socially prominent Beatrice Van Rensselaer Adams so that she could swindle the wealthy by persuading them to donate to charitable causes that would, in fact, serve to enrich herself.She founded and milked the Blakelock Fund, which was supposed to support the impecunious artist and his needy brood. She informed Harrison Smith, then a young reporter with the New York Tribune, of <mask>'s whereabouts, and he went to see <mask> in the asylum. He found him largely lucid, although under the delusion that an imagined "diamond of the Emperor of Brazil" had been stolen from him. Smith explained to the asylum director who <mask> was, and managed to arrange to bring <mask> and the director to Manhattan, where a major gallery retrospective of <mask>'s work was taking place. <mask> was awed by the changes in the city in the two decades since he had last seen it, and thrilled to see the recognition his work had received. Smith scored himself a major news story. (In a 1945 account, Smith added that <mask> had quietly informed him that several of the paintings were forgeries, but Smith chose not to put that in his story because of the question of how far he could rely on the word of the less than fully sane <mask>.)These events led to <mask>'s release from the asylum, in the "care" of Sadie Filbert, alias Beatrice Van Rensselaer Adams, who milked him for all he was worth. He continued painting until his death at the age of 71 on August 9, 1919. Work

<mask> taught himself to paint through trial and error, and continued to use improvisation as an artistic method throughout his life. He was also an accomplished musician, and would use his improvised piano compositions as inspiration for his paintings. He would work on paintings for years, building layers and then scoring, scraping, or rubbing them away. <mask>'s early landscapes have their genesis in the style of the Hudson River school of painters. In time, he developed a more subjective and intimate style.His favorite themes were those depicting the wilderness and solitude; evocative and emotional paintings of illuminated moments in nature, of moonlight  landscapes and twilight hours and Indian camps in the solitude of nature. He was also heavily influenced by the French Barbizon School, whose painters also favored dark forests and heavily worked surfaces. <mask>'s technique was highly personal and through his individualistic style his paintings summoned the viewer into a luminous, almost other worldly realm. In the majority of his paintings, space is given depth by the use of light; moonlight most often. Along with his contemporary <mask> Ryder, <mask> <mask> was one of the most individual American painters of his time. One of his many paintings entitled Moonlight was sold at the highest price ever paid for the work of a living American artist at that time. Sadly, his rise in public notoriety along with the increase in his art sales never benefited his family or himself.By 1903 his works were being forged, so much so, that he remains today as "perhaps the most forged" artist in America. Such was the final ironic touch to one of the most tragic stories in American art. Friendship with Harry Watrous
Around or after 1886, <mask> was befriended by the younger painter Harry Watrous, and often used his studio in the Sherwood Studio Building. "Over the years, when <mask> was in financial need, Watrous handled his work for him, selling it to art dealers and collectors, something <mask> often could not manage for himself." Watrous was <mask>'s "most faithful supporter, both during the productive decades of the 1880s and 1890s and during the period of his confinement" for mental illness. Around and after the time of <mask>'s death, Watrous began painting landscapes and nocturnes which "in their evocative mood, boldly designed compositions, and use of light and dark contrasts…resemble the work of his friend <mask>," and may be seen as elegiac tributes. Some anecdotes about Watrous and <mask> are related in American Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Vol.III. In popular culture
<mask> is a key figure in the setting of Paul Auster's novel Moon Palace. In particular, one of his many Moonlight paintings, specifically the 1885 painting (68.7 by 81.3 cm) in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum (see picture in Artworks section below), is referred to in the novel. <mask>'s paintings are a key plot point in the 2020 movie I'm Thinking of Ending Things. Artworks

Notes

Sources

 Davidson, Abraham. <mask> <mask>, Penn State University Press, 1996. Geske, Norman.<mask> <mask>: The Great Mad Genius, Questroyal Fine Art, Inc. 2005. Vincent, Glyn. The Unknown Night: the madness and genius of R. A<mask>, an American painter, Grove Press 2002, . External links

 <mask> <mask>: The Great Mad Genius Returns, catalog for the 2016 exhibition at Questroyal Fine Art, New York
 <mask>: The Artist and the Archives at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
 "<mask>, Mad Artist, Dies", New York Times obituary
 Catalog page for <mask> <mask> by Abraham Davidson
 <mask> works at the Utah Museum of Fine Arts
 <mask> works at the Figge Art Museum
 Blakelock works at the Sheldon Museum of Art
 Blakelock at Artcyclopedia

1847 births
1919 deaths
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
Modern painters
American landscape painters
Artists from New York City
City College of New York alumni
Burials at Kensico Cemetery
Hudson River School painters

masks:
Ralph Albert Blakelock
Ralph Blakelock
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Albert Pinkham
Ralph Albert
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title: Teiichi Suzuki

type: original

texts:
was a lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army, a minister of state, and  member of the House of Peers. A close associate of Hideki Tojo, he helped to plan Japan's wartime economy. Military career
The eldest son of a landowner in Chiba Prefecture, <mask> had aspired to participate in the forestry development of Manchuria based on stories told by his uncle, who was a colonel in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Russo-Japanese War. He applied for Tokyo Imperial University's Faculty of Agriculture but passed the examinations for the Imperial Japanese Army Academy and upon the recommendations of his uncle, began a military career instead. He graduated from the 22nd class in 1910 and from the 29th class of the Army War College in 1917. After his commission, he studied economics for a year and was briefly assigned to the Ministry of Finance. After the Nikolayevsk incident, he was dispatched from April to October 1920 to Siberia.he served as a military attache to Shanghai from November 1920 to February 1922. As he was fluent in both English and Chinese, he was assigned to the China Bureau within the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff and was sent to Beijing from August 1925 to December 1925 and to various locations in China from December 1926 to May 1927. he accompanied General Yamanashi Hanzo on a meeting with the Chinese warlord Zhang Zuolin in Beijing in June 1927. On 1927, <mask> started to become increasingly involved in internal political factions within the Army. In 1929, he joined the Isseki-kai, a clique that included Tetsuzan Nagata, Hideki Tojo, Kanji Ishiwara and Seishirō Itagaki. He was sent as a military attache to the United Kingdom from February to October 1929. After his return, he was a participant in the 1931 March Incident, an abortive coup d'état intended to make General Kazushige Ugaki prime minister. He then began to advocate a more aggressive policy in Manchuria and was one of the most vocal advocates for Japan's withdrawal from the League of Nations.He was promoted to colonel in December 1933. From 1934 to 1935, <mask> served as an instructor at the Army Staff College and was assigned to the Cabinet Research Bureau from 1935 to 1936. He meanwhile co-authored a pamphlet outlining his theory for a "national defense state" to prepare for total war, based on utopian and Marxist theories on the state control of industries and agrarian reform. During the February 26 incident in 1936, <mask> was initially regarded as a member of the Kōdōha faction which supported the attempted coup; however, he switched sides to the Tōseiha as it became apparent that the coup would not succeed. Although that earned him a spot close to Hideki Tojo, it also gained him the reputation as an "opportunist," which was resented by many in the Army, including his former classmate Tomoyuki Yamashita. <mask> was assigned command of the IJA 14th Infantry regiment in December 1936. Although he had been a bureaucrat and administrator, his entire career with little experience as a field commander and no combat experience caused the command of a field unit to be necessary for his further promotion.He became a major general in November 1937 and was assigned nominally to the staff of the IJA 16th Division from November 1937 to April 1938, but he remained in Tokyo with the Cabinet Research Bureau. From April 1936, he was nominal Chief-of-Staff of the IJA 3rd Army, which was then was a garrison force in Manchukuo, far from the combat zones in the Second Sino-Japanese War. <mask> returned to Tokyo in December as Head of the Political Affairs Bureau of the East Asia Development Board. He was promoted to lieutenant general in August 1940 but retired from military service in April 1941 and entered the reserves. Wartime political career
Although retired from the military, <mask> continued to serve as a Minister of State as Chair of the Cabinet Planning Board under the second and third Fumimaro Konoe administrations. In the October 1941 Gozen Kaigi immediately prior to the start of then Pacific War, <mask> asserted that the outcome of a war would depend a quantitative analysis of Japan's economic and military power and that the American economic embargo caused Japan to have a supply less that three years of oil and other critical resources. Unless new resources could be secured, the Japanese industry would collapse, and the military would lose its capability of taking action, which would result in the loss of the Empire.Continuing to serve in the Hideki Tojo administration, he strongly pushed  for the creation of the Ministry of Greater East Asia, of which he expected to become the cabinet minister. However, Tojo selected the career bureaucrat Kazuo Aoki instead, and <mask> resigned as Minister of State and became a member of the Upper House of the Diet of Japan in October 1943. Postwar
After the surrender of Japan, <mask> was arrested by the American occupation authorities and was charged with Class A war crimes in December 1945 for his advocation of war at the October 1941 Gozen Kaigi. Found guilty at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East for "planning to wage a war of aggression", he was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1948. He was released from Sugamo Prison in September 1955 after the end of the American occupation and was pardoned by the Japanese government in 1958. He was requested to serve as an advisor by several industrialists, and was asked by Kishi Nobusuke to run for the post-war Diet of Japan, but <mask> refused all offers to return to public life. However, he continued to be consulted on a private basis by conservative politicians, including Eisaku Sato.<mask> died at his home in Shibayama, Chiba  of heart failure on July 15, 1989 at 100 years old. He was the last surviving defendant of the main Tokyo/Nuremberg trials, outliving Rudolf Hess, who had committed suicide two years earlier. Decorations
 1920 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 5th class
 1928 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 4th class
 1934 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class
 1934 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
 1940 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class

References

External links

 Papers that pushed for Pacific War revisited; Fabricated logistics data supplied by Cabinet member helped military railroad government - Japan Times (Accessed 14 August 2013)

Footnotes

1888 births
1989 deaths
Military personnel from Chiba Prefecture
Japanese military attachés
Japanese generals
World War II political leaders
Members of the House of Peers (Japan)
People convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Japanese people convicted of the international crime of aggression
Japanese centenarians
Men centenarians
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class

masks: Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki Suzuki


title: Harry Schmidt (USMC)

texts:
<mask> (September 25, 1886 – February 10, 1968) was a United States Marine Corps general. During World War II, he served as the commanding general of the Fourth Marine Division during the battles of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands and Saipan in the Mariana Islands, and as commanding general of the Fifth Amphibious Corps during the battles of Tinian in the Marianas and Iwo Jima in the Volcano Islands. <mask> retired from the Marine Corps at age 61 in 1948 with 39 years of service. A contemporary described <mask> as "a Buddha, a typical old-time Marine: he had been in China; he was regulation Old Establishment; a regular Marine." U.S. Marine Corps career
<mask> was born in Holdrege, Nebraska, on 25 September 1886. He attended Nebraska State Normal College for two years before accepting a commission as a second lieutenant in the 2nd Nebraska Infantry which he resigned from on 16 August 1909 in order to enter the U.S. Marine Corps as a second lieutenant on 17 August 1909. Following instruction at the Marine Officers' School at Port Royal, South Carolina, he reported in January 1911, at the Marine Barracks, Guam, Mariana Islands.While attached to this station, he accompanied an expeditionary force to Chefoo, China. In October 1912, he was ordered to duty in the Philippines where he remained until detached to the United States in April 1913. Following an assignment with the Recruiting Service in Minnesota, a tour of duty at the Marine Barracks, New Orleans, Louisiana, and temporary duty at Veracruz aboard USS Kearsarge (BB-5) in 1915, he was ordered to sea duty aboard USS Oklahoma (BB-37) in May 1916 and was promoted to captain in August. In January 1917, he went aboard the USS Montana (ACR-13) and from 25 February to 22 March 1917, was ashore with the ship's landing force at Guantanamo, Cuba. Leaving the USS Montana in September 1918, he spent most of the next two years at the Marine Barracks, Norfolk, Virginia. He again went to sea in June 1920, as commanding officer of the Marine Detachment aboard  (BB-43). From August 1922 (was promoted to major in January 1923) to May 1926, <mask> was a member of the Marine Corps Schools at Quantico, Virginia, first as a student, then as an instructor.Then followed a year in recruiting at St. Paul, Minnesota, and a six-month tour of foreign service with the Sixth Regiment in China. From February 1928 to June 1929, <mask> was with the Second Brigade of Marines in Nicaragua as brigade intelligence and operations officer. He returned to the United States to attend the Command and General Staff School, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and graduated on 18 June 1932. In addition to Command and General Staff School, he is a graduate of the Field Officers' Course, Marine Corps Schools, MCB Quantico, Virginia. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in May 1934. Following graduation, he was assigned to duty with the Paymaster Department and served variously at Headquarters, Marine Corps, Washington, D.C.; with the Department of the Pacific, San Francisco; the Fourth Marine Regiment, Shanghai, China; and again with the Department of the Pacific. In June 1937, he was assigned to the Second Marine Brigade.He sailed for Shanghai, China, in August with the brigade as chief of staff. In December 1937, he was promoted to colonel. He was detached to the United States in February 1938. <mask> was assigned to Headquarters, Marine Corps as executive and personnel officer of the Paymaster Department in July 1938, in which capacity he was found upon the country's entry into World War II. World War II
In December 1941, <mask> was promoted to brigadier general and in January 1942, he was appointed assistant to the commandant of the Marine Corps,. In September, he was promoted to major general. On 18 August 1943, he became the commanding general of the Fourth Marine Division.He commanded the Fourth Division in the seizure of Roi-Namur in the Battle of Kwajalein and in the battle for Saipan. On 12 July 1944, he assumed command of the Fifth Amphibious Corps and led that command in the assault and capture of Tinian Island. He was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal and a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal for exceptional meritorious service in the seizure and occupation of the Marshall Islands and in the assault and capture of Saipan and Tinian. <mask> commanded the Fifth Amphibious Corps through the Iwo Jima operation and was awarded a second Gold Star in lieu of a third Distinguished Service Medal for his part in this operation. His citation reads in part, "Against determined enemy resistance and incomparable natural defenses, Major General <mask> skillfully directed the attack of his troops to capture and occupy this strategic island. He handled the various units under his command with brilliant tactical skill. His sound judgment, distinctive administrative ability and unfailing devotion to duty were vital factors in the success of the entire operation."Following the conclusion of hostilities, he led the Fifth Amphibious Corps in the occupation of the Japanese Home Islands. Post-war
On 15 February 1946, he was ordered back to the United States to assume command of the Marine Training and Replacement Command, San Diego, California. In March 1946, he was promoted to lieutenant general. He retired from the Marine Corps with a tombstone promotion (an officer promotion based on having received a combat citation before 1947) to general on the retired list, on 1 July 1948. Death
<mask> died on February 10, 1968, and was buried in Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego. Military awards
<mask>'s military decorations and awards include:

Navy Cross citation
Citation:

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Major <mask> (MCSN: 0-865), United States Marine Corps, for distinguished service in the line of his profession as Brigade Intelligence Officer, Second Brigade, U.S. Marine Crops, and in charge of civil relations between the Brigade and the Nicaraguan Government, from 5 February to 9 December 1928, and as Brigade Operations Officer from 10 December 1928 until 6 June 1929. during this entire time the Second Brigade operated in the Republic of Nicaragua for the purpose of protecting life and property and in restoring law and order to the strife-torn country. Despite great obstacles in the way of its successful accomplishment, Major <mask> built up an effective intelligence service, the work of which was of the greatest value to the Brigade in the planning and execution of its operations.As operations officer his advice to the Brigade Commander as to military operations was marked by initiative, sound judgment and a thorough knowledge of tactics. His performance of duty as Civil Relations Officer was of a high order. References

External links

1886 births
1968 deaths
Wayne State College alumni
United States Marine Corps World War II generals
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
People from Holdrege, Nebraska
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Battle of Iwo Jima
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I
United States Marine Corps generals
Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery

masks:
Harry Schmidt
Schmidt
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Harry Schmidt
Schmidt


title: Stuart Robert Glass

texts:
<mask> (25 June 1951 – 13 August 1978) was a Canadian adventurer and yachtsman killed by the Khmer Rouge in August 1978 while sailing a little yacht named "Foxy Lady" through Cambodian waters. One of nine "Western" yachtsmen known to have been seized by the Democratic Kampuchean regime, between April and November 1978. He was the sole Canadian victim of the 1975–79 Cambodian genocide. Early life
<mask> was born in London, United Kingdom on 25 June 1951. At the age of five he moved with his family to Richmond, British Columbia, Canada. From an early age <mask> loved adventure. After completing his tenth grade of high school, <mask> worked for a while in Vancouver and then travelled to London to live and work.<mask> smuggled Moroccan hashish into the UK on three occasions in 1972 and 1973. On the third of these, together with his girlfriend and two other companions, <mask> was arrested at UK customs. Following a six-month term at HMP Wormwood Scrubs, he and his female companion—the two now married—navigated the Hippie trail to New Delhi, and from there flew to Australia. Travels on Foxy Lady
While living in Darwin, the capital of Australia's Northern Territory, <mask> met New Zealander Kerry George Hamill. <mask> and Hamill purchased a 28-foot, traditional Malaysian perahu bedar named Foxy Lady. Together with Hamill's Australian girlfriend, Gail Colley, <mask> and Hamill sailed Foxy Lady north to Timor, and from there to the island of Flores, in eastern Indonesia, then on to Bali. At this point, Gail Colley left the boat.Jan Seeley crewed with them to Singapore from where they continued to Penang where they were joined others, including Gail Colley and Phillip Parsonson, and they sailed up the Strait of Malacca to the Thai island of Phuket. Some time in June 1978—following the departure of Gail Colley—<mask> and Kerry sailed around the tip of the Malaysian peninsula and up to Kuala Terengganu, on Malaysia's eastern coast. There they met Englishman John Dawson Dewhirst, who joined Foxy Lady on her final sail into Cambodian waters. Foxy Lady's seizure
In the late afternoon or early evening of 13 August 1978, Foxy Lady was seized, off Koh Tang (Tang Island), by a patrol boat of the Democratic Kampuchean navy. Two Americans, Lance McNamara and James Clark, had been seized under similar circumstances in late April, while sailing a yacht named Mary K. off Koh Wai (Wai Island) According to New Zealander Rob Hamill, brother of <mask>'s murdered friend, Kerry, Foxy Lady had been blown into Cambodian waters by a storm. Other sources suggest the little bedar had ventured here intentionally, on her way to Bangkok, possibly to pick up a load of Thai marijuana. Only one account of Foxy Lady's brutal seizure exists—a single paragraph in one of the "confessions" S-21 interrogators would force John Dewhirst to write in early September: <mask> was shot during the seizure, Dewhirst told his Khmer Rouge captors, and either drowned or was abandoned in the water.Dewhirst and Kerry Hamill were dragged off to Democratic Kampuchea's preeminent "security office," in Phnom Penh, known at the time as S-21. S-21 would later be called "Tuol Sleng" by Vietnamese forces that overthrew the Khmer Rouge in January 1979. Like the six other Western yachtsmen imprisoned at S-21 (four Americans and two Australians), Hamill and Dewhirst were forced to confess, presumably under torture, that they were CIA spies. They are believed to have been killed shortly after signing their final "confessions," in mid-October 1978. Aftermath of Foxy Lady's seizure
The death of six American and two Australian yachtsmen at the hands of the Khmer Rouge was reported for the first time in a wave of wire service dispatches between mid-November and late December 1979—a year after the capture of the last pair of yachtsmen (Australians David Lloyd Scott and Ronald Keith Dean), and fifteen months after the seizure of Foxy Lady. That one of these ill-fated sailors was a Canadian was reported for the first time (no name given) in the edition of 5 December 1979 of the Wellington Evening Post. <mask> would be identified by name for the first time in early January 1980, in a UPI dispatch by US journalist Jim Laurie.Subsequent feature articles by American journalist Ed Rasen, detailing Foxy Lady's fate, appeared in the UK publication Now! and the Australian Bulletin. <mask>'s family never spoke to the media at the time, however, so for the following thirty years <mask> would be known solely by his name and nationality. Trial of Khmer Rouge leaders
The most directly implicated of surviving Khmer Rouge chiefs alleged to have played a role in <mask>' death is widely believed to be one of two unnamed individuals of interest in Case 003 of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge Tribunal. (ECCC Case 001 ended in July 2010 with the conviction of S-21 chief Kaing Guek Eav, alias Duch; Case 002 went to trial in the fall of 2011). Meas Mut, a retired Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea chief and self-professed Buddhist, was "Secretary"/"Chairman" of the RAK's Division 164—the Khmer Rouge navy—which seized <mask> and the eight other Western yachtsmen—killing <mask> and sending the others to S-21, where forced "confessions" of CIA allegiance were extracted and the young sailors were killed. Throughout the spring and summer of 2011, various chambers and offices of the ECCC discussed among themselves—acrimoniously, at times—whether Case 003 should continue to be investigated.The court's British Co-Prosecutor, Andrew Cayley, believes Case 003 has been inadequately investigated. Cayley's Cambodian colleague disagrees, in concordance with the Cambodian government's line. Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen—a former mid-ranking Khmer Rouge commander himself—has made his view clear that the tribunal should wrap up its work, and certainly not extend charges to anyone other than Case 002 defendants Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Ieng Thirith, and Khieu Samphan. The tribunal has yet to decide whether Case 003 will move to trial or not. The trial of <mask>'s alleged murderers began (Nuon Chea and Ieng Sary were in charge of Democratic Kampuchea's internal security apparatus and foreign affairs, respectively), thirty-three years after the Canadian's death. On 7 August 2014 both defendants were found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to life imprisonment. See also

 Tuol Sleng
 Torture
 Malcolm Caldwell
 Mayaguez Incident
 Vann Nath
 Chum Mey
 Sean Flynn
 Dana Stone
 François Bizot

References

1951 births
1978 deaths
English emigrants to Canada
People from Richmond, British Columbia
Canadian sailors
Canadian murder victims
People murdered in Cambodia
Deaths by firearm in Cambodia

masks:
Stuart Robert Glass
Stuart Robert Glass
Glass
Stuart
Glass
Glass
Stuart
Glass
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title: Graham Allison

texts:
<mask>. (born March 23, 1940) is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is renowned for his contribution in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision making, especially during times of crisis. His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection, co-written with Peter Szanton, was published in 1976 and had some influence on the foreign policy of the administration of President Jimmy Carter who took office in early 1977. Since the 1970s, <mask> has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism. Biography
<mask> is from Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended Davidson College for two years, then graduated from Harvard University in 1962 with an B.A. degree.<mask> then completed a two-year B.A. degree at Oxford University as a Marshall Scholar in 1964 and returned to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. degree in political science in 1968. In 1979 <mask> received an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Social Sciences at Uppsala University, Sweden. <mask> has spent his entire academic career at Harvard, as an assistant professor (1968), associate professor (1970), then full professor (1972) in the department of government. He was dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government from 1977 to 1989 while the School increased in size by 400% and its endowment increased by 700%. He was director for the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs from 1995 until 2017, when he was succeeded by former Secretary of Defense Ash Carter. <mask> remains Douglas Dillon Professor of Government.<mask> has also been a fellow of the Center for Advanced Studies (1973–74); consultant for the RAND Corporation; member of the Council on Foreign Relations; member of the visiting committee on foreign policy studies at the Brookings Institution (1972–77); and a member of the Trilateral Commission (1974–84 and 2018). He was among those mentioned to succeed David Rockefeller as President of the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2009 he was awarded the NAS Award for Behavior Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War from the National Academy of Sciences. <mask> has also been a member of the Board of Trustees for the lobbying group USACC (United States-Azerbaijan Chamber of Commerce). Analyst work
<mask> has been heavily involved in U.S. defense policy since working as an advisor and consultant to the Pentagon in the 1960s. He has been a member of the Secretary of Defense's Defense Policy Board from 1985. He was a special advisor to the Secretary of Defense (1985–87) and the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy and Plans (1993–1994), where he coordinated strategy and policy towards the states of the former Soviet Union.President Bill Clinton awarded <mask> the Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service, for "reshaping relations with Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan to reduce the former Soviet nuclear arsenal". He was also an informal advisor to Michael Dukakis's 1988 presidential campaign. Academic work
<mask> is best known as a political scientist for his book Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (1971), in which he developed two new theoretical paradigms – an organizational process model and a bureaucratic politics model – to compete with the then-prevalent approach of understanding foreign policy decision-making using a rational actor model. Essence of Decision swiftly revolutionized the study of decision-making in political science and beyond. Thucydides Trap

In the book Destined for War, <mask> uses the phrase the Thucydides Trap which, according to him, refers to the theory that "when one great power threatens to displace another, war is almost always the result". <mask>'s term follows the ancient text History of the Peloponnesian War, in which Thucydides wrote, "What made war inevitable was the growth of Athenian power and the fear which this caused in Sparta." The term appeared in a paid opinion advertisement in The New York Times on April 6, 2017, on the occasion of U.S. President Donald Trump's meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping, which stated, "Both major players in the region share a moral obligation to steer away from Thucydides's Trap."<mask> asserts that circumstances at the start of World War I (involving British fears about Germany), the War of the Spanish Succession, and the Thirty Years' War (involving French insecurity about the Habsburg empires of Spain and Austria) exhibit the trap. Both <mask>dides's Trap and its applicability to U.S.-Chinese relations have encountered heavy scholarly criticism. In March 2019, the Journal of Chinese Political Science dedicated a special issue to the topic, suggesting power transition narratives do appear to matter with regard to domestic perception. Books

 <mask>, <mask>, 2017, Destined For War: Can America and China escape Thucydides's Trap?, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, . <mask>, <mask>, 1971, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1ed. Little Brown. .
 <mask>, <mask>, Zelikow, Philip, 1999, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis, 2ed. Longman. .Controversy
From 2012 to 2013, the Belfer Center (through the Wikimedia Foundation) paid an editor to cite <mask>'s scholarly writings in various  articles. Funding for the position came from the Stanton Foundation, for which <mask>'s wife, <mask>, was one of two trustees. The editor also made "supposedly problematic edits" based heavily on work of other scholars affiliated with the Belfer Center. See also
 Global policeman
List of books about nuclear issues
On Nuclear Terrorism
 Political midlife crisis
The Four Faces of Nuclear Terrorism
The Seventh Decade: The New Shape of Nuclear Danger

References

Bibliography
<mask>, <mask> (2015-09-24). "The Thucydides Trap: Are the U.S. and China Headed for War? ", The Atlantic. Welch, David (1993)."<mask>". In American Political Scientists: A Dictionary, eds G. Utter and C. Lockhart. Greenwood Press. Works
1969: "Conceptual Models and the Cuban Missile Crisis". American Political Science Review. 63(3): 689–718. 1971: Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis.Little, Brown. 1972: "Bureaucratic Politics: A Paradigm and Some Policy Implications." World Politics. 24:40–79 (with Morton H. Halperin). 1976: Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection. Basic Books (with Peter Szanton). 1983: Sharing International Responsibility Among the Trilateral Countries.Trilateral Commission (with Nobuhiko Ushiba and Thierry de Montbrial). 1985: Hawks, Doves and Owls: An Agenda for Avoiding Nuclear War. W.W. Norton. (edited with Albert Carnesale and Joseph Nye Jr). 1989: Windows of Opportunity: From Cold War to Peaceful Competition. Ballinger (edited with William Ury). 1992: Rethinking America's Security: Beyond Cold War to New World Order.W.W. Norton (edited with Gregory Treverton). 1996: Avoiding Nuclear Anarchy: Containing the Threat of Loose Russian Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material. MIT Press. 2004: Nuclear Terrorism: The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. Henry Holt. 2013: Lee Kuan Yew: The Grand Master's Insights on China, the United States, and the World. MIT Press (with Robert D. Blackwill, Ali Wyne, and a foreword by Henry A. Kissinger).2017: Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides's Trap?. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. External links

Appearances on C-SPAN
<mask>'s post at HuffPost
<mask>'s Official Harvard Bio

Allison, <mask>.
Nuclear terrorism
Harvard College alumni
Marshall Scholars
Harvard Kennedy School faculty
1940 births
Living people
Writers from Charlotte, North Carolina
Clinton administration personnel
Public administration scholars
Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia
Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs

masks:
Graham Tillett Allison Jr
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allison
Allisonhucy
Allison
Graham
Allison
Graham
Allison
Graham
Allison
Graham Allison
Liz Allison
Allison
Graham
Graham Allison
Graham Allison
Graham Allison
Graham T


title: Szymon Lenkowski

texts:
<mask> (born 28 February 1981) is a Polish-born Golden Trailer award-winning Hollywood cinematographer and director. <mask> has directed photography for 2 feature films, 15 short films, 10 documentary films, 5 music videos, 10 HD multi-camera live concerts, and over 50 television advertisements. Whilst winning awards for his short films, <mask> was noticed by Warsaw production companies and started shooting commercials. In his mid-twenties, <mask> had already worked for numerous global advertising agencies including Publicis, BBDO, Euro RSCG, Grey, and McCann Erickson. In 2009 he shot his first feature film and received a nomination for Camerimage Festival's Golden Frog award. His second feature film, Shameless, was expected to be released in the summer of 2012. In 2009, together with Piotr Bujnowicz he directed Trailer and More, and began creating movie trailers.In 2010 he was nominated for a Golden Trailer Award for the film General Nil. In 2011 he won the Golden Trailer Award for the Little Rose trailer. Education

In 2005, <mask> graduated from the prestigious National Film School in Łódź with a degree in cinematography. He was taught by Polish cinematographer Witold Sobocinski, authoring a thesis titled "Digital Future of Cinema". Selected filmography
 2012 – Shameless, (aka. Bez wstydu) feature film, dir. Filip Marczewski.- director of photography
 2011 - In Treatment (aka. Bez tajemnic) HBO Poland TV Series, dir. Anna Kazejak-Dawid, Jacek Borcuch – director of promotional materials, author of trailers, TV spots, promotional films, and next-ons
 2010 - Little Rose (aka. Rosebud, aka. Różyczka)  feature film, dir. Jan Kidawa Błoński - director of promotional materials
 2010 - General Nil feature film, dir. Ryszard Bugajski - director of promotional materials
 2009 – I am yours (aka.Jestem Twój) – feature film, dir. Mariusz Grzegorzek - director of photography
 2008 – Like in heaven (aka. Jak w niebie) - documentary film 28’, dir. Filip Marczewski - director of photography
 2007 – Aria Diva – medium length feature film,  dir. Agnieszka Smoczyńska - director of photography
 2006 – The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), documentary film 28’, dir. Wojciech Kasperski - director of photography
 2005 – If I Were a Fish - documentary film 18’, dir.Tomasz Wolski - director of photography
 2005 – The Dwarfs Are Going To Ukraine (aka. Krasnoludki jadą na Ukrainę) - documentary film 58’, dir. Miroslaw Dembinski - director of photography
 2004 – Cyrano - feature film DV 17’, dir. Filip Marczewski - director of photography
 2004 – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia) - documentary film 35mm 5’, dir. Filip Marczewski - director of photography
 2004 – Dirty World, music video 3’, music. artist: TheCalog, - director/ director of photography
 2004 – Winners and Loosers (aka.Zwyciezcy i przegrani) – documentary film 52’, dir. Mirosław Dembinski - director of photography
 2002 – Siena - feature film 4’ - director, director of photography

Awards

 2011 – Golden Trailer Awards – Best Foreign Romantic trailer for Little Rose (aka. Różyczka) trailer <mask> <mask>, Piotr Bujnowicz - Winner
 2010 – Golden Trailer Awards – Best Foreign trailer for General Nil <mask> <mask>, Piotr Bujnowicz – Nomination
 2009 - Polish Film Festival, Gdynia - I am yours (Jestem Twój), Main competition
 2009 - Busan International Film Festival - I am yours (aka. Jestem Twój), World Cinema section
 2009 - Montreal World Film Festival - I am yours (aka. Jestem Twój), World Competition section
 2009 - The International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography CAMERIMAGE –  <mask> <mask>, The best Cinematography in Polish feature film - Nomination
 2008 – Karlovy Vary International Film Festival – Like in heaven (aka. Jak w niebie), Main Competition for Documentary Films
 2008 - 48th Cracow Film Festival – Like in heaven (aka. Jak w niebie), Main Competition
 2007 - DOCSDF, International Documentary Film Festival of México City (Oct-Nov 2007) - The Seeds (aka.Nasiona) Special Mention of the Jury in the Best International Short Documentary competition
 2007 - Parnu International Documentary and Anthropology Film Festival (July 2007), - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), Grand Prix
 2007 - II International Film Festival Competition CINEMAGIC in Plock (June 2007) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), Main Prize
 2007 - 28. Big Muddy Film Festival (Carbondale, USA) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), The First Prize for the Short Documentary Film
 2007 - The Big Sky Documentary Film Festival (Montana, USA) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), The Jury’s Special Prize
 2007 - The CMU International Film Festival 2006 „Faces of Democracy” (Pittsburgh, USA) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), The Main Prize in the student’s film competition
 2006 - 3rd Festival Kinoteatr.doc (Moskva 2006)
 2006 - XVI Media Festival „Man in Danger” (Lodz, Poland) - The Seeds (aka.Nasiona), The Jury’s Special Prize (given for the first time in the history of the festival)
 2006 - International Documentary Film Festival "Flahertiana" (Perm, Russia) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), The Great Silver Nanook Prize
 2006 - 46th Cracow Film Festival (May 2006), Grand Prix Złoty Lajkonik, KODAK’s Prize for Wojciech Kasperski (dir.) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), The Students’ of Cracow Jury Prize
 2006 - 13 L'Alternativa Festival de Cinema Independent de Barcelona - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), Special Mention
 2006 - “Artdokfest”, National Prize of LAVR (Moscow) - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), Main Prize for the Art-film (the best writer and director; the best photography; the best producer)
 2006 - Prix Europa, Berlin; - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona), Special Mention for the best television documentary film
 2006 - SILVERDOCS: AFI/Discovery Channel Documentary Festival (USA)- The Seeds (aka.Nasiona); Main prize for the best short documentary film
 2006 - International Film Festival “Kratkofil” Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Seeds (aka. Nasiona); Grand Prix
 2005 - Berlinale Berlin Today Award - If I Were a Fish, Nomination
 2005 - Kielce (Nurt 2005) - The Dwarfs Are Going To Ukraine (aka. Krasnoludki jadą na Ukrainę), Audience Awards
 2005 – Golden Duck Award of FILM magazine – Cyrano, The Best Independent Film, Nomination
 2005 – OFFSKARY 2005 – Cyrano,
 2004 - CINEMA magazine awards - Cyrano- Best independent film, Best script (Marczewski, Bartosz Kurowski) – awarded, best actor (Maciej Marczewski) – nomination
 2004 – <mask> <mask> – Cyrano - KAMERA magazine award for cinematography
 2004 – Warsaw (films tomorrow) - Cyrano, Grand Prix – best student film
 2004 – Kazimierz Dolny (Summer of Films) - Cyrano, Grand Prix – best short film
 2004 – Cracow (Krakffa) - Cyrano, Grand Prix
 2006 - <mask> <mask> Cieszyn (School Film) – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia) Award for best cinematography
 2005 - <mask> <mask> Offskary – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia), nomination for best cinematography
 2005 - <mask> <mask> Cieszyn - (Węgiel Student Film Festival) - Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia) best cinematography special mention
 2005 -  Tampere Film Festival Finland – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia), international competition
 2005 – Israel, Docaviv for - Poor-land (aka.Bieda ziemia)
 2005 – Grimstad IFF Nowary - Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia), international competition
 2005 – Sopot Film Festiwal – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia), special mention
 2004 – Cracow Film Festiwal – Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia), Polish competition
 2004 – IDFA Amsterdam for Poor-land (aka. Bieda ziemia)
 2004 – Offensiva – Dirty World bronze OFF award in the video art category
 2005 – Prowincjonalia 2005 – Winners and Loosers (aka. Zwyciezcy i przegrani), Award for the Best Documentary Film
 2005 – Breslau Optimistic Film Festival “Happy End” – Winners and Loosers (aka. Zwyciezcy i przegrani), Grand Prix
 2004 – Milano (MFFS) Italy - Winners and Loosers (aka.Zwyciezcy i przegrani), “Mention d’Honneur” „Sport and society. Sport and solidarity”
 2003 - <mask> Lenkowski Cannes – Polish representation as part of New Talent Showcase
 2002 - <mask> Lenkowski International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography– Silver Tadpole

External links
 <mask> <mask> at filmpolski

 Official website

1981 births
Living people
People from Rzeszów
Łódź Film School alumni
European Film Awards winners (people)
Polish film directors
Polish screenwriters

masks:
Szymon Lenkowski
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Lenkowski
Szymon
Szymon
Szymon
Lenkowski


title: Kathrine Taylor

texts:
<mask> or <mask> (born 1903 in Portland, Oregon – 14 July 1996) was an American author, known mostly for her Address Unknown (1938), a short story written as a series of letters between a Jewish art dealer, living in San Francisco, and his business partner, who had returned to Germany in 1932. It is credited with exposing, early on, the dangers of Nazism to the American public. Life
<mask> moved to San Francisco after graduating from the University of Oregon in 1924 and worked as an advertising copywriter. In 1928, Kressmann married <mask>, who owned an advertising agency. Ten years later, the couple moved to New York, where Story magazine published Address Unknown. The editor Whit Burnett and Elliot deemed the story "too strong to appear under the name of a woman," and published the work under the name <mask>, dropping her first name. She used this name professionally for the rest of her life.Reader's Digest soon reprinted the novel, and Simon & Schuster published it as a book in 1939, selling 50,000 copies. Foreign publications followed quickly, including a Dutch translation, later confiscated by Nazis, and a German one, published in Moscow. The book was banned in Germany. An indictment of Nazism was also the theme of <mask>'s next book, Until That Day, published in 1942. In 1944, Columbia Pictures turned Address Unknown into a movie. The film director and production designer was William C. Menzies (Gone with the Wind), and Paul Lukas starred as Martin. The screenplay, written by Herbert Dalmas, was credited also to Kressmann <mask>.In Russian, there was another screenplay by David Greener, but it was never filmed. From 1947, <mask> taught humanities, journalism and creative writing at Gettysburg College, in Pennsylvania, and, when <mask> died in 1953, lived as a widow. Retiring in 1966, she moved to Florence, Italy and wrote Diary of Florence in Flood, inspired by the great flood of the Arno river in November of that year. In 1967, <mask> married the American sculptor John Rood. Thereafter, they lived half a year in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and half in Val de Pesa, near Florence. <mask> continued this style of living after her second husband's death in 1974. In 1995, when <mask> was 91, Story Press reissued Address Unknown to mark the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camps.The story was subsequently translated into 20 languages, with the French version selling 600,000 copies. The book finally appeared in Germany in 2001, and was reissued in Britain in 2002. In Israel, the Hebrew edition was a best-seller and was adapted for the stage. There has already been over 100 performances of the stage show, and it was filmed for TV and broadcast on the occasion of Holocaust Memorial Day, January 27. Rediscovered after Address Unknown'''s reissue, <mask> spent a happy final year signing copies and giving interviews until her death at age 93. Works

 Address Unknown (1938)

Martin, a gentile, returns with his family to Germany, exhilarated by the advances in the old country since the humiliation of the Great War. His business partner, Max, a Jew, remains in the States to keep the business going.The story is told entirely in letters between them, from 1932 to 1934. Martin writes about the "wonderful" Third Reich and a man named "Hitler." At first Max is covetous: "How I envy you! ... You go to a democratic Germany, a land with a deep culture and the beginnings of a fine political freedom." Max soon however has misgivings about his friend's new enthusiasms, having heard from eyewitnesses who had gotten out of Berlin that Jews were being beaten and their businesses boycotted. Martin responds, telling Max that, while they may be good friends, everybody knows that Jews have been the universal scapegoats, and "a few must suffer for the millions to be saved." "This Jew trouble is only an incident," Martin writes."Something bigger is happening." Nonetheless, he asks Max to stop writing to him. If a letter were intercepted, he (Martin) would lose his official position and he and his family would be endangered. Max continues to write regardless when his own sister, Griselle, an actress in Berlin, goes missing. He becomes frantic to learn her fate. Martin responds on bank stationery (less likely to be inspected) and tells Max his sister is dead. He admits that he turned Griselle away when she came to him, her brother's dearest friend, for sanctuary – she had foolishly defied the Nazis and was being pursued by SA thugs.(It is revealed earlier in the book that Martin and Griselle had had an affair before the events of the book take place.) After a gap of about a month, Max starts writing to Martin at home, carrying only what looks like business and remarks about the weather, but writing as though they have a hidden encoded meaning, with strange references to exact dimensions of pictures and so on. The letters refer to "our grandmother" and imply that Martin is also Jewish. The letters from Munich to San Francisco get shorter and more panicky, begging Max to stop: "My God, Max, do you know what you do? ... These letters you have sent ... are not delivered, but they bring me in and ... demand I give them the code ... I beg you, Max, no more, no more!Stop while I can be saved." Max however continues, "Prepare these for distribution by March 24th: Rubens 12 by 77, blue; Giotto 1 by 317, green and white; Poussin 20 by 90, red and white." The letter is returned to Max, stamped: Adressat unbekannt. Addressee Unknown. (The title of the book is actually a mistranslation of Adressat unbekannt:  The correct translation of "Adressat" is "addressee," not "address"; which is much more in keeping with the plot of the story.) The book's afterword, lovingly written by <mask>'s son, reveals that the idea for the story came from a small news article: American students in Germany wrote home with the truth about the Nazi atrocities, a truth most Americans, including Charles Lindbergh, would not accept. Fraternity brothers thought it would be funny to send them letters making fun of Hitler, and the visiting students wrote back, "Stop it.We’re in danger. These people don’t fool around. You could murder [someone] by writing letters to him." Thus emerged the idea of "letter as weapon" or "murder by mail. "Address Unknown was performed as a stage play in France, 2001, in Israel from 2002 (where it still runs) and at the Promenade Theater in New York in 2004. It has also been performed in Germany, Italy, Turkey, Argentina, South Africa and in various other US cities. Address Unknown (Cimzett Ismeretlen) premiered on the stage of Spinoza Haz in Budapest, Hungary on September 6, 2008 and was performed in the Tron Theatre Glasgow as part of the Mayfesto season from 15 to 22 May 2010.It was performed at the Koninklijke Schouwburg in the Hague in the Netherlands in May 2011. In 2013 it was brought to the Soho Theatre in London. An adaptation for BBC Radio 4 was broadcast in June 2008 as an Afternoon Play. It starred Henry Goodman as Max and Patrick Malahide as Martin and was adapted and directed by Tim Dee. Until That Day (1942)
The novel recounts the story of Karl Hoffmann, a young German Christian and son of a Lutheran pastor. Hoffman starts his theology studies in Berlin in the late 1920s. Germany is still in a depression following its defeat in World War I, and this situation is the soil from which Nazism's influence grows.Hitler comes to power and starts persecutions against the Church, which refuses to preach the Nazi doctrine. Karl's father resists the authorities, and this resistance becomes the cause of his death. Karl, in his turn, continues his father's struggle and takes a stand against the Nazi takeover of the Church. He decides to become a pastor himself, but his ordination is denied. His life becomes endangered, and he escapes to the United States. The novel is also based on the life of a real person, Leopold Bernhard. <mask> <mask> met him through the mediation of the FBI, which had investigated the young German after his defection to the United States.Selected works
<mask>'s published writings encompass 21 works in 107 publications in 18 languages and 2,220 library holdings . English
Works by <mask> Kressmann <mask>: Address Unknown. HarperCollins, 2002. Address Unknown. Washington Square Press, 2001. Address Unknown. Story Press, 1995.Diary of Florence in Flood. Simon & Schuster, 1967Florence: Ordeal by Water. H. Hamilton, London, 1967. Day of No Return. Xlibris, 2003. Until That Day. Duell, Sloan & Pierce, 1945Until That Day.Simon & Schuster, 1942

 German
Kressmann <mask>, Adressat unbekannt. Roman. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 2000. Kressmann <mask>, Bis zu jenem Tag. Roman. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 2003. French
Kressmann <mask>, Inconnu à cette adresse.Éditions Autrement, 1999
Kressmann <mask>, Ainsi mentent les hommes. Recits. Kressmann <mask>, Jour sans retour. Éditions Autrement, 2001

 Hebrew
Kressman <mask>, Ma'an Lo Yadua. Zmora Bitan Publishers, Israel, 2001, trans. by Asher Tarmon. In 2002 the Hebrew text was adapted for the stage by Avi Malka.The Kibbutz Theatre Company produced the play and actors. By the summer of 2007, the play had been performed in Israel 150 times and it was filmed by Israel Public TV Channel 1 for screening on Holocaust Remembrance Day in 2004. Catalan
Kressmann <mask>, Adreça desconeguda. La Magrana, 2001. Translated by Ernest Riera. Esperanto
Kressmann <mask>, <mask>, Nekonata adresito''. La KancerKliniko, Thaumiers, 2018, trans.by Claude Gerlat. References

External links
TIME Europe magazine September 30, 2002
French celebrities online dictionary
 ("Memories of a college student")
Russian publication – Inostrannaya Literatura, 2001 №4. Translated by R.Oblonskaya
Kathrine Kressman <mask> Papers at Gettysburg College
complete text of Address Unknown
The Guardian: Address Unknown: the great, forgotten anti-Nazi book everyone must read

Movie – Columbia Pictures, 1944

Review by Edwin Jahiel
The New York Times movies database

Theatrical realization at the Promenade Theater, New York, 2004
culturevulture.net
talkinbroadway.com
entertainmentdesignmag.com
curtainup.com

1903 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
University of Oregon alumni
Gettysburg College faculty
Writers from Portland, Oregon
20th-century American women writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
Novelists from Oregon
American women academics

masks:
Kathrine Kressmann Taylor
Kressmann Taylor
Kathrine Kressmann
Elliott Taylor
Kressmann Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Elliot Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Kathrine
Taylor
Taylor
Kathrine
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Kathrine
Taylor


title: El Signo

texts:
Antonio Sánchez Rendón (born September 4, 1954), is a retired Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler best known under the ring name <mask> (Spanish for "The Symbol"). Rendón was part of Los Misioneros de la Muerte ("The Missionaries of Death") with Negro Navarro and El Texano a team that is credited with popularizing the Trios match in Mexico to the point that it became the most common match for in Mexican Lucha Libre. Sánchez made his professional wrestling debut in 1971 and officially retired in 2010, after 38 years of active competition. At least one of Sánchez's children is also a professional wrestler, working under the name Hijo del Signo ("Son of the Sign", born 1985) since 2008. Personal life
Most wrestlers in Mexico try to maintain a separation between their professional career and their personal life, which is also true of Antonio Sánchez Rendón, confirming only the most basic details of his life such as birth age and location etc. He was born on September 4, 1954 in Ocotlán de Morelos, Oaxaca, Mexico and trained for his professional wrestling career under Billy Robinson, Chamaco Azteca and El Carnicero. Sánchez has at least one child, a son born in 1985 who now wrestled as the enmascarado, or masked character Hijo del Signo, but since he is an enmascarado his birth name is reported on out of respect of lucha libre traditions.It is not documented if he has other children or if he is still married to the mother of Hijo del Signo. Professional wrestling career
Sánchez made his professional wrestling debut on September 16, 1971 a few weeks after turning 17 years old. He began wrestling as the enmascarado character "<mask>" ("The Sign"), wearing a mask (most often black) with an upside down question mark on the front of it. Sánchez started his wrestling career in the lighter weight divisions, often in the Lightweight or Welterweight divisions, where the official limits were around  and . In 1974 <mask>o lost a Luchas de Apuestas, or bet match to Gatúbedo and as a result was forced to unmask and reveal his birth name as per Lucha Libre traditions. While he had unmasked he retained the ring name <mask> and began working for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA), one of two major wrestling promotions in Mexico (the other being Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre (EMLL)). In the UWA he defeated <mask> to win the UWA World Lightweight Championship, his first championship ever.During that time period he formed a regular tag team with Lobo Rubio, and the two hand an extended storyline feud with the team of <mask>o and Black Man that started with the UWA title match and came to an end on January 29, 1978 when <mask> and Lobo Rubio lost a tag team Luchas de Apuestas match and both were forced to be shaved bald as a result. In late 1978 <mask> vacated the UWA World Lightweight Championship for unexplained reasons, although the most likely being that he moved up into the Welterweight division and was too heavy to be considered a Lightweight. On June 24, 1979 <mask>o won the UWA World Welterweight Championship from Bobby Lee, fully establishing him as a Welterweight wrestler. Los Misioneros de la Muerte

In the late 1970s the UWA promoters were noticing that rival EMLL had achieved financial and critical success with their lighter divisions, often having Lightweights or Welterweights in their main events while the UWA relied primarily on their heavyweight division for their main event matches. promoter Francisco Flores wanted to develop his own group of smaller, faster wrestlers into top level competitors and came up with the idea to team El Signo up with two similar sized wrestlers Miguel Calderón Navarro, known as Negro Navarro and Juan Conrado Aguilar Jáuregui, who was working under the name El Texano, forming a trie known as Los Misioneros de la Muerte ("The Missionaries of Death"). They were paired up against another trio of young, lightweight and high flying wrestlers, a trio of brothers dubbed Los Mosqueteros de Diablo (The Devil's Musketeers), Brazo de Oro ("Golden Hand"), Brazo de Plata ("Silver Arm") and El Brazo ("The Arm"). Early on in the storyline Brazo de Oro defeated El Texano in a Luchas de Apuestas, or bet match, which forced El Texano to unmask.The storyline expanded and saw the unmasked Misionaros clash with the masked Mosqueteros on UWA promoted cards all over Mexico. The fan reception to those matches and the positive coverage in various Lucha Libre magazines was so big that other promoters around Mexico wanted to book them on their shows, not as individuals but as teams, which was the start of the trios match becoming more and more prominent in Lucha Libre. With the team being so in demand UWA started to feature Los Misioneros more often that by 1981 Los Misioneros began working high on the card, often working the main event match starting a trend of having trios matches instead of singles matches as the regular main event match format, something that helped make that match format the most common match type in Lucha Libre since then. In 1981 the Los Misioneros de la Muerte name became a household name after a match in El Toreo de Quatro Caminos, UWA's main venue. During the main event Los Misioneros faced off against then 64-year-old <mask>, who was teaming up with Huracán Ramírez and Rayo de Jalisco. During the match <mask> collapsed in the middle of the ring, suffering a heart attack after a hard blow to the chest. His life was only saved due to the actions of Ramírez who administered CPR at ringside.After the match the Lucha Libre magazinez, prompted by Francisco Flores, played off the real life tragedy by promoting Los Misioneros as the team that nearly killed the biggest name in Lucha Libre ever. The event made the team the most hated trio in Mexico for years to come and helped fill El Torero arena to the brim when Los Misioneros teamed up with Perro Aguayo to face <mask> Santo, Gory Guerrero, Huracán Ramírez and <mask>rio in <mask>'s retirement match. Following Santo's retirement Los Misioneros feuded with the top faces (wrestlers portraying "good guy" characters) such as Los Tres Caballero (Aníbal, <mask>rio and Villano III) both in trios and in individual competition. During the storyline <mask>itario turned on his two partners, when he attacked <mask>o with a bottle and costing Los Tres Caballeros an important match. The attack made the smaller Los Misioneros more sympathetic to the crowd, who began to support them more and more despite Los Misioneros being booked on the shows as heel characters ("bad guys"). On June 10, 1983 <mask>o won the UWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship from El Solitario as part of their long running storyline, marking the third division <mask> had won the UWA title in. He would later be stripped of the title for making an unsanctioned title defense on a non-UWA show.Their popularity as a trio also led to them being invited to tour Japan, facing off against New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) light weight wrestlers such as Gran Hamada, Tiger Mask, George Takano, Akira Maeda and Osamu Kido. In 1984 Los Misioneros won the UWA World Trios Championship for the first time, although it is not documented for exactly how long. On January 1, 1985 Negro Navarro won his first singles championship, the UWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship, when he defeated the then champion Aníbal. The title run only lasted 50 days, ending on February 25, 1985 when he lost to Mano Negra. In the mid-1980s the "War" between the UWA and EMLL had cooled off enough for Los Misionerios to actually wrestle on the EMLL 53rd Anniversary Show, losing a trios Luchas de Apuestas to Ringo Mendoza, Américo Rocca and Tony Salazar. Los Misionerios regained the UWA World Trios Championship in 1987 defeating Los Villanos (Villano III, Villano IV and Villano V), after what was considered the "peak" of Los Misionerios. With an influx of other popular trios both in the UWA and in Mexico in general Los Misioneros days on the top of the Trios scene came to an end, which was followed by the end of Los Missioneros de la Muerte in its original form.During a UWA World Trios Championship match against Los Villanos El Texano threw in the towel to save his partner <mask>o any more punishment. After the match and title loss his partners turned on <mask> and attacked him after the match. The attack was done primarily to write <mask> out of the UWA storyline as he had given notice that he was leaving. UWA Promoter Francisco Flores decided to try to keep the Los Misioneros de la Muerte team active even after the departure of <mask>ano and experimented with a number of different partners for Navarro and <mask>. Teaming with the masked wrestler Black Power Los Misioneros defeated Los Villanos (Villano I, Villano IV and Villano V) to win the UWA Trios Championship. Negro Navarro won the UWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship from <mask> Guerrero on December 27, 1993 and would hold that title until the promotion closed in 1995. The trio held on to the Trios Championship for 454 days, until May 1, 1993 where they lost them to El Engendro, <mask> Guerrero and Scorpio, Jr., they regained the championship later that year, on December 25 and held them into 1994 where they lost the belts back to Engendro, Shu el Guerrero and Scorpio, Jr. Black Power was later replaced by Rocky Santana and that version of Los Misioneros did win the UWA World Trios Championship on two occasions, holding the distinction of being the last team to hold the titles before the UWA closed in 1995.After the end of the UWA Los Misioneros made a few appearances for AAA, UWA's successor of sorts and one of the two biggest wrestling promotions in Mexico along with CMLL. The appearances included a match at Triplemanía III-A where a version of Los Misioneros (Navarro, <mask> and a masked wrestler called "Misionero") defeated the team of <mask>ero, El Mexicano and Dragón de Oro. Independent Circuit
After the closure of the UWA in 1995 Negro Navarro and <mask> split up, going their separate ways on the Independent circuit, only teaming together for special occasions. <mask> joined AAA and was given a new ring character, a masked heel character called "Piromaniaco" (Pyromaniac) but he only made a few appearances under that name before reverting to his unmasked El Signo identity. In 1996 <mask>o began working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; previously known as EMLL) during a time where CMLL were given the rights to the Mexican National Trios Championship by the Mexican boxing and wrestling commission. <mask> teamed up with Blue Panther and Fuerza Guerrera, two wrestlers with a similar background and age to compete in the tournament for the titles. On July 6, 1996 the team defeated El Brazo, Brazo de Plata and Super Electra in the tournament finals to win the championship.During his time in CMLL he had an occasion to team up with Negro Navarro again, for the Salvador Lutteroth Memorial Tag Tournament held as part of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL; formerly known as EMLL)'s 1999 Homenaje a Dos Leyendas: El Santo y Salvador Lutteroth show on March 19, 1999. Navarro and <mask> teamed up to represent the "old school" wrestlers of Lutteroth's era and defeated Olímpico and Tony Rivera in the first round of the tournament. In the semi-finals they lost to eventual tournament winners Mr. Niebla and Shocker. <mask> stopped working full-time for CMLL in 1999 or 2000, despite still being part of the Mexican National Trios Championship team, leaving the title to be mainly inactive and not highly promoted. <mask>o made a special appearance for CMLL on March 3, 2001 on their Juicio Final ("Final Justice") show, losing the Mexican National Trios Championship to Mr. Niebla, Olímpico and Safari. In 2003 <mask>o worked a number of matches for AAA, including a match where the original Los Misioneros were reunited for AAA's 2003 Guerra de Titanes show where they defeated El Brazo, Sangre Chicana and Pirata Morgan. In the following years <mask>o primarily worked on the Mexican independent circuit, wrestling other wrestlers who were considered "Old School", wrestlers who made their debut in the mid-1980s or before.He had a number of matches against Villano III, including at least two occasions where he lost a Luchas de Apuestas against him. <mask> had his last professional wrestling match on May 1, 2010 as he participated in a ten-man steel cage match that was the main event of the "El Signo Retirement Show" in Arena Neza. The match saw Halcon Dorado, Jr. lose the match and was forced to unmask. Championships and accomplishments
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
Mexican National Trios Championship (1 time) – with Blue Panther and Fuerza Guerrera
Universal Wrestling Association
UWA World Junior Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
UWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
UWA World Lightweight Championship (1 time)
UWA World Trios Championship (6 times) – With Negro Navarro and <mask>ano (2), Negro Navarro and Black Power II (2), Negro Navarro and Rocky Santana (2)
UWA World Welterweight Championship (1 time)
WWF Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2019) as part of Los Misioneros de la Muerte

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1954 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Oaxaca
Professional wrestling trainers

masks:
El Signo
El Signo
El Sign
El Signo
El Matemo
El Matemtic
Signo
El Signo
El Sign
El Santo
El Santo
El
El Solita
El Santo
El Solita
El Sol
El Sign
El Sign
El Signo
El Sign
El Texano
El Texano
El Tex
El Signo
Shu El
Shu El
Signo
El Tor
El Signo
Signo
El Sign
El Signo
El Signo
El Signo
El Sign
El Sign
El Sign
El Signo
El Tex


title: Sabrina Bryan

texts:
<mask> (born September 16, 1984), known professionally as <mask>, is an American dancer, choreographer, actress and singer. She was best known as a member of the girl group The Cheetah Girls, and starred in the Disney Channel Original Movie of the same name and its sequels, The Cheetah Girls 2 and The Cheetah Girls: One World. Before she appeared on television, <mask> was a dancer, and trained at Hart Academy of Dance, located in La Habra, California. The Cheetah Girls
In 2003, <mask> starred as Dorinda "Do" Thomas in the Disney Channel Original Movie The Cheetah Girls, a musical comedy based on the bestselling series of young adult books of the same name by Deborah Gregory. The film depicts four best friends (Raven-Symoné, Adrienne Bailon, Kiely Williams, and <mask>) who form a pop group in their first year of high school for a talent show and reach unexpected success. Prior to The Cheetah Girls, two of <mask>'s castmates Bailon and Williams were members of R&B girl group 3LW. The Cheetah Girls premiered on August 15, 2003 to 6.5 million viewers, a huge ratings success.Due to the popularity of the film, <mask> and her other bandmates achieved mainstream pop music success as members of the official Cheetah Girls group. The movie's soundtrack reached No. 33 on the Billboard 200 and was certified double-platinum, selling more than 2 million copies in the United States alone. It is one of the best selling albums from Walt Disney Records, alongside the soundtrack to High School Musical. In November 2005, the group released their Christmas album Cheetah-licious Christmas and toured the US on their Cheetah-licious Christmas Tour. The Cheetah Girls 2 premiered on the Disney Channel on August 25, 2006. Its premiere received the highest ratings of all Disney Channel Movies at its time, bringing in a total of over 8.1 million viewers, beating both the premiere ratings of High School Musical (7.7 million) and the previous highest rated DCOM record holder, Cadet Kelly (7.8 million).The film would also become the highest rated Cheetah Girls movie in the trilogy. The sequel's plot followed the Cheetah Girls as they become largely successful and take a tour of Spain. The film's soundtrack was released on August 15, 2006. It debuted at No. 5 on the Billboard 200, and has moved over 1.4 million copies to date, achieving platinum status. After the release of Cheetah Girls 2, <mask>, along with her fellow Cheetah Girls, toured the United States on their The Party's Just Begun Tour from September 2006 to March 2007. While touring, The Cheetah Girls began work on their official debut studio album.<mask> was interviewed by Billboard magazine, where she stated that the group was eager to showcase a "more mature" sound to gather an audience of older fans, while still keeping the lyrics clean for the younger fanbase as well. Williams was quoted as saying that the band members co-produced and co-wrote a "good portion" of the album. On September 25, 2007, TCG was released by Hollywood Records, with a debut of No. 44 on the Billboard 200 albums chart. It was the first album by the group not to be released by Walt Disney Records. 126,000 copies have been sold to date. The third and final part of the franchise, The Cheetah Girls: One World, premiered on August 22, 2008, the only release to not feature Raven Symoné.The film revolves around the three remaining Cheetah Girls visiting India to appear in a Bollywood musical. The movie premiered to over 6.2 million viewers, and reached 7 million viewers in its final half-hour. One Worlds soundtrack was released three days prior to the film's release, on August 19, 2008. It peaked at No. 13 on the Billboard 200. The Cheetah Girls kicked off their One World Tour on October 8, 2008 in Corpus Christi, Texas, and concluded on December 21, 2008 in San Diego, California. In early 2009, The Cheetah Girls officially announced that they had disbanded, in favor of pursuing solo projects.<mask> and former Cheetah Girl bandmate and close friend Kiely Williams continued their creative collaboration with the development of a web series talk show, Dinner with Friends. The first episode premiered on July 1, 2011 on YouTube. The series ran for nine episodes, concluding on August 28, 2011. Television and film appearances
<mask> has acted in several TV shows, with notable guest appearances in several episodes of the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. She also appeared in two series pilots, King's Pawn and Driving Me Crazy, neither of which made it to air. She then had guest appearances in shows like The Geena Davis Show and The Jersey. She also appeared in the TV series, Grounded For Life, before her rise to stardom in The Cheetah Girls.She had a small supporting role as Mrs. Murray in the 2008 straight-to-DVD film Mostly Ghostly, and stars in the comedy film Help Me, Help You (formerly titled If It Ain't Broke, Break It). <mask> is the voice of Pamela Hamster in the animated Disney channel series Fish Hooks appearing in two episodes "Hooray for Hamsterwood" and "Pamela Hamster Returns". Since, Kiely Williams and <mask> will both co-star on the web series "Dinner With Friends", "March Moms", and "Bad Sex With Good People". Dancing with the Stars
<mask> competed in the 5th season of Dancing with the Stars. <mask> and her professional dancing partner, Mark Ballas, received a score of 26 out of 30, at the time the highest score earned in the first week by any contestant. On week 4 of the show, they set another record by receiving a 30/30 from the judges for their paso doble, making her the first contestant to have received a perfect score that early in the show's history. <mask> led all contenders in judges' scoring in weeks 1, 3, and 4.<mask> received her lowest score, a 25 for a foxtrot, during week 6, in which she also performed a rock 'n' roll routine with the other contestants. That week, she was voted off. The announcement was met by shock and tears from the show's judges, contestants and live audience, since she and Ballas were favored by many to win the competition. An AOL poll voted their elimination "2007's most shocking TV moment". The next week, the remaining dancers and celebrities showed their continued support and affection for <mask> by donning her signature cheetah paw-print tattoo. For the penultimate week, <mask> and Ballas were invited back to the show to perform, another first for any couple as previously non-competition dances had only been performed by pro dancers. For the 100th show, their Paso Doble was chosen as number 9 on the top 10 dances of the first five seasons.<mask> and Ballas were the only couple in the top 10 that did not make it to the finals. In 2012, <mask> was chosen by the public to compete on the 15th season of the show as one of the All-Stars contestants. She was partnered with Louis Van Amstel. She was eliminated sixth from the show, despite receiving a perfect 30 for her Rumba and topping the leaderboard for two consecutive weeks. Coincidentally, she was eliminated on October 30, 2012, five years to the day she was voted off the first time and in the sixth week. Dancing with the Stars performances
Season 5 with Mark Ballas:

Season 15 with Louis Van Amstel:

In week 4, Paula Abdul was a guest judge. She was featured in the Soft Scrub Dancing with the Stars Live Tour.She danced with Derek Hough (while Mark was injured), then with Mark, until her last show on January 13, 2008, when she departed for India to film The Cheetah Girls: One World. She was one of the featured celebrity dancers in the Live Dancing with the Stars Las Vegas show, running April 14 through August 5, 2012 at the Tropicana Resort and Casino theater. She has been a celebrity correspondent for the behind-the-scenes look at season 8 of Dancing with the Stars for E! News, and TV Guide show Reality Chat. For season 9 of Dancing with the Stars, she co-hosted TV Guide show Reality Chat and hosted backstage at Dancing with the Stars  on abc.com. <mask> was asked back to co-host backstage at Dancing with the Stars for the 10th through 12th seasons. She has interviewed season 10 winner of the series Nicole Scherzinger, country singer Reba McEntire, Evan Lysacek, Erin Andrews, Kate Gosselin, and many more.Philanthropy
Healthy Kids Challenge
In 2008, it was announced that <mask> would be partnering with Mission Foods as the spokesperson for the Healthy Kids Challenge. One of <mask>'s many roles is to provide information to help educate kids on easy ways to stay healthy through nutrition and keeping active. Solo projects
Byou
<mask> released a DVD workout entitled Byou in December 2005. The workout is especially geared towards young girls with a tagline that reads "Be Happy, Be Healthy – BYOU!". More than a quarter million DVDs have been sold. A soundtrack to the DVD was also released which included the song "Byou", performed by <mask>, as well as other songs by her and other artists. The song "Byou" was also featured on the Radio Disney: Move It!CD which was released in 2006. <mask> released Byou 2, on January 13, 2009. Byou 2 features one exclusive track by <mask> called "C'mon". Princess of Gossip
<mask> teamed up with popular author Julia DeVillers to write the book Princess of Gossip, the story of an ordinary girl with an extraordinary secret. Princess of Gossip was released on October 8, 2008. It is currently being considered for a possible movie. Personal life
In April 2017, <mask> became engaged to strategic accounts manager Jordan Lundberg after six years of dating.They were married on October 6, 2018. In March 2020, they announced that they were expecting their first child, a girl due in September. On August 31, 2020, she gave birth to a girl named Comillia Monroe.

masks:
Reba Sabrina Hinojos
Sabrina Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Sabrina
Sabrina Bryan
Sabrina
Sabrina
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan
Bryan


title: Chris von Rohr

texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (born 24 October 1951 in Solothurn) is a Swiss rock musician, record producer, author, columnist, radio and television presenter. He is best known for being a member and founder of the hard rock band, Krokus. History

Childhood, youth and first experiences as a musician (1951–1975)

<mask>, along with his half-brother <mask>, comes from a middle-class family in Solothurn, where he spent most of his childhood. His first musical experience <mask>r gained at his parents piano. During his school years in mostly local schools (apart from a brief interlude at a boarding school Lyceum Alpinum Zuoz - where he was able to play drums for the very first time), <mask>'s father gave him his first drum set as a gift. In 1967, he formed his first band called The Scouts. The band changed names multiple times, from Tears Of Love to In and finally Indian Summer.With this formation the young drummer also completed his first public appearance at a student ball in the Hotel Krone in Solothurn. After a two-year stint at the public business school in Neuchâtel von Rohr founded more bands: first, the Plastic Joints and thereafter Inside. Meanwhile, the musician <mask>r kept himself financially afloat as a cook in the Solothurn Restaurant & Hotel Kreuz - the first Genossenschaftsbeiz of Switzerland. After a for <mask>r in terms of musical style all in all very unpleasant but at least financially lucrative short stint with a dance band called On the Road, he and their keyboarder Michi Szabo formed the two- man band Night Train. However, all these attempts to make it in the professional music business failed and so <mask>r worked again as a cook at the Restaurant Kreuz, followed by a semester at the Jazz School in Bern. Rise and international breakthrough with Krokus (1975–1983)
After finishing studies at the Jazz School, <mask> returned to Solothurn to form another band in November 1975: Krokus. Their first public gig was opening for Nella Martinetti at the Saalbau of the Swiss town of Gerlafingen.Together with lead guitarist Tommy Kiefer, with whom drummer <mask>r alternated lead vocals, rhythm guitarist Hansi Droz and bassist Remo Spadino finally the very progressive debut album Krokus. was recorded and released in 1976, produced by Peter J. Mac Taggart. With the rights to the band name Krokus secured and his bandmates unceremoniously released, he formed a new alliance with band members of the local band Montezuma, changing the line-up of Krokus completely: <mask> himself took over lead vocals, <mask> Arb played guitar, on bass Jürg Naegeli and Freddy Steady on the drums. Shortly thereafter, guitarist Tommy Kiefer was brought back to the line-up and the band was complete once again. With this line-up the band recorded once more at the Sinus Studio in Bern, produced again by Peter J. Mac Taggart and released in 1977 their second studio album To You All, which was released in 1977 and revealing for the first time a hard rock sound. With the same line-up, still with <mask> as front man, Krokus recorded their third, totally hard rock album Pain Killer, which was also released as Pay It In Metal. This album was recorded within six days in Manor Studios in Oxford in 1978, and produced by <mask> and <mask>.Although <mask>r received from Switzerland's Pop Magazine (the equivalent of Rolling Stone magazine in the USA) the "Golden Hammer Award" as #1 vocalist and Krokus #1 rock band of the year in their home country of Switzerland, the band's future musical direction changed once more when all band members witnessed a concert by AC/DC at the Volkshaus in Zürich. Consequently, <mask>r had a vision and he voluntarily surrendered his vocal duties first to Henry Fries, who had to bow out because of prior contractual obligations, and finally - after persistent recruiting attempts by <mask>r himself  - found in Marc Storace the singer with the powerful vocal range he envisioned. <mask> switched to bass and Jürg Naegeli was in charge of the band's keyboards and sound. The last missing piece of the puzzle fell in place with this new line-up for the perfect Krokus sound. Soon thereafter, the band recorded their fourth studio album Metal Rendez-Vous at Platinum One Studio in Zurich, produced by Martin Pearson, <mask> and <mask>. This album proved to be the band's international breakthrough. Triple-platinum in Switzerland and first concert tours in Great Britain and the United States followed, including the "percussion battle" between <mask>r and drummer Freddy Steady.Immediately after the touring ended, the band went into Roundhouse Studios in London to work on their fifth studio album, which was again produced by <mask> and <mask>, to be finally released in 1981 as Hardware. As with its predecessor, the album turned out to be a total success and earned gold status in Switzerland. As a result of continuing drug problems and unreliability of lead guitarist Kiefer, the first cracks in the band's structure became obvious and could not be ignored any longer. Although the band continued to rise in popularity. After the release of the album, the band and Kiefer went separate ways. Mandy Meyer replaced Kiefer for the tours throughout Europe and the USA. However, Krokus and Meyer went their separate ways immediately after completion of the tour.Without further ado rhythm guitarist Mark Kohler joined the band. This line-up eventually recorded at the Battery Studios in London - produced by Tony Platt, <mask> and <mask> - their sixth studio album One Vice at a Time. Released in 1982, it not only validated the status of Krokus but raised it one notch higher. The album reached gold status not only in Switzerland but for the first time in the band's history earned gold status in the U.S. and Canada. On top of that Krokus set another record as the first and so far only Swiss band ever to sell out the Hallenstadion in Zurich. More extensive tours through North America and Europe followed the album release. In between all of Krokus' touring commitments, <mask>r managed to find time to produce Night Fighting, Steve Whitney Band's second studio album, this time as the sole producer in charge.Meanwhile, Krokus lineup changes continued: Drummer Steady was dismissed and replaced by Steve Pace. What followed, however, was nothing less than the culmination and highlight of the band's career : the seventh studio album Headhunter, recorded by Tom Allom at Bee Jay Studio in Orlando, Florida and released in 1983. This album earned for the first time and, unmatched until now, platinum status in the U.S. and Canada, and also gold in Switzerland. As a result of this album's success, the band was invited to join the second-largest U.S. tour of the year as "special guests": The Pyromania tour of British rock band Def Leppard, who became popular in the U.S. at that time, and Gary Moore as opening act. During this time, <mask> and his bandmates were also appointed honorary citizens of the U.S. state of Tennessee. Even though, or perhaps because of the wave of success the band enjoyed at this time, within the next few months two serious negative experiences changed the course of events once more: First, Krokus was kicked off the Pyromania tour because of several missteps by singer Marc Storace and band manager Butch Stone - the band eventually finished their North American tour as supporting act of Judas Priest - and on the other hand another wave of line-up changes. First rhythm guitarist Mark Kohler was dismissed and replaced by Patrick Mason, and finally <mask>, the last remaining founding member of the band, was ousted because he openly talked to Switzerland's daily newspaper Blick about his experience on the road and the tour excesses that followed as well as his rebellion against the business antics of their U.S. manager Stone.Forced reorientations: activities as music producer, author and solo artist (1983–1987)
Dismissed by Krokus at once, <mask> Rohr found himself on his own overnight. During this period, the ousted bass player and founder of the band took on diverse projects: firstly, he produced in 1985 the first and only self-titled studio album of the Swiss band Headhunter. In addition to his first official job as a producer, Von Rohr also started to write his first book, which was published in 1991 and entitled Hunde wollt ihr ewig rocken (Dogs, do you want to rock forever). The book described the insane events around and within Krokus and helped him to process that entire experience mentally, thus finding closure. In addition, <mask>r released his first and so far only solo album  Hammer and Tongue in 1987. Brief return to Krokus (1987–1989)
Shortly after releasing his solo album, <mask>r returned to Krokus in 1987. Plain and simply stated, it turned out to be the best solution for all parties involved.Together again at last, <mask> and his old bandmates Marc Storace, <mask> Arb, Mark Kohler and Dani Crivelli, who played drums on his solo album, recorded at Jürg Naegeli’s Pink recording studio in Zuchwil their tenth studio album. Produced by <mask> and <mask>, Krokus released Heart Attack in 1988. The album charted 5th place in the Swiss album charts, a first for <mask> and Krokus. It was the return to Hard Rock, which had catapulted the band in the early 1980s into the worldwide spotlight and away from the shallow pop-metal orientation the band presented itself on the previous album, Change of Address. However, after touring throughout Europe and the United States, all parties realized shortly thereafter that the thrill was gone, mainly it seemed to be impossible to restore the feeling and groove of the past. Mounting management problems and both Marc Storace and <mask> Arb throwing in the towel due to symptoms of extreme fatigue and exhaustion, marked the first official break-up in the band's history. Various activities as a musician, journalist and radio host (1989–1991)
After the dissolution of Krokus, <mask> <mask> worked under the pseudonym J. LaCross as producer of the first studio album Metal Marathon by a band called The Heavy’s.This album consisted of a collection of shortened and re-arranged classic rock and metal cover medleys. Shortly thereafter, <mask>r founded a band called Grand Slam with Peter Tanner on vocals as well as lead guitarist Many Maurer, rhythm guitarist Tony Castell and drummer Peter Haas. With this group he toured Germany, Austria and Hungary – mainly playing material from his solo album - until he left the band in late 1989. Meanwhile, <mask>r already worked as a radio moderator on the very popular “Radio 24”, a regional radio station of Zurich, and “Radio 32”, a regional station from Solothurn. Amongst others, he hosted the show Volles Rohr (Full Power). He also wrote articles for various music magazines. First book bestseller and success as discoverer, coach and producer of Gotthard (1991–2002)

In 1991, Von Rohr finally published his first book, which he

masks:
Christoph "
Chris
" von Rohr
Chris von Rohr
Stephan von Rohr
Chris von Roh
von Rohr
von Roh
von Roh
von Roh
von Rohr
von Roh
Von Rohr
Fernando von
von Rohr
von Rohr
von Arb
von Roh
von Roh
von Roh
Von Rohr
von Rohr
von Arb
von Roh
von Rohr
von Arb
von Rohr
von Arb
von Roh
von Rohr
von Rohr
Chris von
von Roh
von Roh
von Rohr
Fernando von
von Rohr
von Arb
von Rohr
Fernando von
Chris von
Rohr
von Roh
von Roh