title: Luis Cernuda

texts:
 fragmentation of his poems, his inability to sustain a thought, the lack of desire to go beyond the surface of things. His final thoughts about Jiménez came in an essay titled "Jiménez y Yeats" dated 1962 and included in Poesía y literatura vol 2. E.M. Wilson included a look at this in his survey of <mask>'s literary borrowings because it contains a translation of Yeats's poem "A Coat" and compares it to Jiménez's "Vino, primera, pura". Of the translation, Wilson writes One can point out minor infidelities....but the translation has life of its own and fulfils its purpose in <mask>'s essay: a rod for the back of Juan Ramón Jiménez. <mask> concludes that Jiménez is a more limited poet than Yeats because the latter put his poetry to one side in order to campaign for Irish Home Rule and to work as director of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin whereas Jiménez's whole life was totally dedicated to poetry.He devoted himself to aesthetics and did not involve himself with ethical considerations at all. Gide, the dandy and homosexuality

His sexual awakening seems to have coincided with the birth of his desire to write poetry, around the age of 14, but it was many years later before he really came to terms with this side of himself. A very important influence on his emotional development were the writings of André Gide. In Historial de un libro, <mask> wrote that his introduction to the works of Gide was when Pedro Salinas gave him either Prétextes or Nouveaux Prétextes to read, followed by Morceaux Choisis, which is a selection by Gide himself of passages from his works. These books opened the way for him to resolve or at least reconcile himself with "a vital, decisive problem within me". These works deal openly with the topic of homosexuality amongst many other things. For example, Gide included in the Morceaux Choisis the section of Les Caves du Vatican where Lafcadio Wluiki pushes Amédée Fleurissoire out of a moving train just from curiosity as to whether he can actually bring himself to do it - the original acte gratuit.<mask> comments,"I fell in love with his youth, his grace, his freedom, his audacity." This is redolent of the homoeroticism of a poem such as "Los marineros son las alas del amor" in Los placeres prohibidos. He went so far as to write a fan letter, perhaps even a love letter, to Lafcadio, which was printed in El Heraldo de Madrid in 1931. It includes these words: "the only real thing in the end is the free man, who does not feel part of anything, but lives wholly perfect and unique in the midst of nature, free from imposed and polluting customs." This is reiterated in his essay of 1946, where he writes: "the transcendent figure for Gide is not that of a man who by means of abstention and denial searches for the divine, but that of a man who seeks out the fullness of humanity by means of effort and individual exaltation." In other words, he was affected by the idea of total hedonism without any sense of guilt. Another idea that he takes from Gide is expressed in Book 1 of Les Nourritures Terrestres:There is profit in desires, and profit in the satisfaction of desires - for so they are increased.And indeed, Nathaniel, each one of my desires has enriched me more than the always deceitful possession of the object of my desire. So hedonism and the exaltation of desire are not enough in themselves; what matters is the dignity and integrity of the desire. That is what gives it virtue, not the object of the desire. As <mask> expressed it, "what he holds in his arms is life itself, rather than a desired body." In "Unos cuerpos son como flores", another poem from Los placeres prohibidos, the transience of love is accepted as a perfectly normal phenomenon because it is the transcendent nature of that love that overrides everything. Following Gide's example, <mask> becomes concerned with maintaining his personal integrity. Free from guilt, he will live true to his own values, which include rejection of conventional sexual mores and acceptance of his homosexuality.In "La palabra edificante", Octavio Paz wrote "Gide gave him the courage to give things their proper names; the second book of his surrealist period is called Los placeres prohibidos (Forbidden Pleasures). He does not call them, as one might have expected Los placeres pervertidos (Perverse Pleasures)". <mask>'s reading of Gide was thorough. As well as the works mentioned above, his essay includes discussions of the "Journals", Les cahiers d'André Walter, Le Traité du Narcisse, Paludes, Le Prométhée Mal Enchaîné, Les Nourritures Terrestres, Amyntas, L'Immoraliste, La Porte Etroite, Le Retour de l'Enfant Prodigue, Corydon, Les Caves du Vatican, Les Faux Monnayeurs, Si le grain ne meurt, and Thésée. One of the most interesting passages concerns Gide's memoirs, Si le grain ne meurt. Many of the episodes recounted in this book had formed the basis for his previous works; however, this new account is not so much a repetition as a complement to the previous versions. The reader gets a broader vision of what was happening.Gide's works are clarified and are heightened when they can be interpreted in the light of the extra information in the memoirs. It was clearly with a similar aim in mind that <mask> set out writing Historial de un libro, to recount "the story of the personal events that lie behind the verses of La realidad y el deseo." Narcissism is another trait that Gide and <mask> shared: "After all, we cannot know anybody better than our self." At times, it seems that the two writers share the same sensibility. For example, Gide had visited Seville in 1892, in company with his mother, and was struck by the gardens of the Alcázar. This made its way into Les nourritures terrestres: "What of the Alcazar? Marvellous as a Persian garden!Now I come to speak of it, I believe I prefer it to all the others. When I read Hafiz, I think of it." <mask> describes a similar sense of transcendence in "Jardín antiguo" in Ocnos. Gide was in Seville during Semana Santa and revelled in the sensuality of the celebrations. In his journals, he describes how there was a feeling of loosening the corsets and throwing off prudish morality, which is quite similar to the atmosphere of <mask>'s poem "Luna llena en Semana Santa" from Desolación de la Quimera. As seen in his accounts of his first meetings with Jiménez in 1925 and Lorca in 1927, he took a few years to come to terms fully with his sexuality. This only seems to happen once he finally left Seville in 1928, after his mother's death.However, during that period he seems to have cultivated his sense of difference by becoming a dandy. During his time at the University of Seville, Salinas had already noted his dapper appearance, commenting on his "well-cut suit, a perfectly-knotted tie". This tendency seems to have intensified during his brief stay in Madrid before going to Toulouse, where he assumed the pose of a man who frequents bars, drinks cocktails, affects English shirts, discussed in an article by Villena (La rebeldía del dandy en <mask>rnuda). Villena diagnoses it as the sign of a refined hermit trying to hide his hyper-sensitivity and repressed desire for love. In Toulouse, he wrote to a friend that he was starting to think that he was too well-dressed. Two months later, he wrote to the same friend complaining that he had only managed to make female friends - the young men being too coarse for him - and boasting about some purchases: an American hat exactly like the one worn by Gilbert Roland in the film Camille, a wristwatch that cost 1000 francs and some other things "simply so that during these courses they might call me a snob and accuse me of being frivolous and lightweight." He also says that he sometimes wears his moustache in the manner of Don Alvarado or Nils Asther.In his short story El indolente <mask> reflects on dandyism:a certain friend once claimed to convince the writer of this that he dressed and adorned himself not to attract but rather to rebuff people from his side. He had noticed, or thought he had noticed, that if an elegant women attracts, the elegant man repels. According to this theory, dandyism would be just one of the ways of aspiring to the ascetic solitude of the wasteland. In some way, however, the combination of his contact with the world, especially the atmosphere of Paris which he visited in the university vacations, the rebellious attitudes and thinking of the surrealists, the influence of Gide, and his pent-up fight against bourgeois tendencies coincided in the belated acceptance of his sexuality, as expressed finally in Un río, un amor. His dandified style of dressing seems to have continued for the rest of his life. For example in 1950, he stayed overnight with Jorge Guillén and the latter wrote to Pedro Salinas,"What a blue robe with white spots...what a smell of perfume in the passageway on rising the following morning!" Critical reception and legacy

For a long time, the reactions of critics to <mask>'s poetry were based on a caricature of his personality - the shy, introverted but prickly person so quick to take offence.Concha de Albornoz, one of his closest friends, wrote of him "his is a climate that changes: now serene, now tormented. Sometimes I feel so close to him and at other times so distant ... His spirit is like a fly's eye: made of a thousand facets." He found it difficult to make friends. Many of the people who knew him allude to his aloofness and this is a trait borne out by the critical comments he makes in his writings about his contemporaries, which are sometimes so harsh that it is hard to believe they were ever friends or colleagues. <mask> was well aware that his reputation was of a complicated, tortured individual and this became a matter of concern for him in his later years. In the final poem in his final collection, "A sus paisanos", he criticises his countrymen for the way they have accepted this perception of him, without making any effort to see if it is justified. He makes it clear that this "legend" is a gross distortion of reality:¿Mi leyenda dije?Tristes cuentos
Inventados de mí por cuatro amigos
(¿Amigos? ), que jamás quisisteis
Ni ocasión buscasteis de ver si acomodaban
A la persona misma así traspuesta. Mas vuestra mala fe los ha aceptado

(Did I say my legend? Sad tales made up about me by four friends, (Friends? ), that you never wanted nor sought any occasion to check to see whether they fitted that person thus superimposed. But your bad faith has accepted them)  It seems likely that the four "friends" were Juan Ramón Jiménez, Pedro Salinas, Vicente Aleixandre and José Moreno Villa. Jiménez shows him as aloof and effete to the point of sickliness.Aleixandre emphasises <mask>'s solitariness and detachment from the world. Salinas shows him as dedicated, timid, solitary and fragile. Moreno Villa, in his autobiography, concentrates on the tortured side of his character and effeminacy: "He was then a fine and shy young man, very dapper and very sad. He suffered with material things and with human relationships. They say he cried in front of the windows of clothes's shops because he could not buy some silk shirts; but I, of course, have seen him almost in tears for not having friends or anyone to love him." It is striking that all these accounts refer to the young man they knew in the 1920s and 1930s but Moreno Villas wrote his autobiography in 1944; Salinas wrote his description in 1945 and Aleixandre in 1955. The only contemporary account was Jiménez's from 1934.Cernuda's character seems to have left a lasting impression on them which they do not seem to have thought of revising. The fundamental problem is the unquestioning, if not naive, belief that the poetry is the man, that there is no distinction between them. They project the brittle, languid, effete personality of the man they knew onto his poetry even though it reveals a very partial, incomplete and misleading reading. It might apply to some of the earlier work but it bears no relation to the passion of the surrealist poems, or the later poems of reflection and self-examination, or the use of the Doppelgänger device. Even as late as 1962, it was possible for a critic to write "he is so accustomed by now to live surrounded only by the creations of his own mind - who obey him always and are much more easily controlled than people - that real company bothers him." The projection of these unbalanced ideas of the man onto the poetry - a man seeking to escape from the real world - was the dominant theme of Cernuda criticism, even among people who never met him. It was not until 1965 that a different viewpoint began to emerge.The key was the publication in that year of Octavio Paz's essay La palabra edificante: "<mask>'s work is an exploration of himself...He said it himself:'I have only tried, like every man, to find my truth, my own, which will not be better or worse than that of others, only different. '...The work of Cernuda is a road toward our own selves. That is what gives it its moral value." <mask> is a moralist, a seeker after truth rather than an effete man of glass. Of course, this is implied by the title he chose for his oeuvre, La realidad y el deseo. His work is grounded in reality and he criticises poets, such as Juan Ramón Jiménez, who try to escape from or ignore reality. In the words of Villena, "<mask> defends liberty, anti-conventionalism, joy, faithfulness to your own destiny, the individual leading the way for other people, a blend of stoicism and epicureanism."He goes on to compare the satirical poems in <mask>'s final collection to those of Persius, Juvenal and Quevedo as they are not merely personal attacks but also defences of a moral code that is different from that held by the person being attacked, a different set of ethics. Towards the end of his life, <mask> was gratified to learn that a younger generation of Spanish writers were taking an interest in his work. Given the censorship that was operating in Spain at the time, it must have been difficult to get hold of unexpurgated copies of <mask>'s poetry. The first tangible sign was an edition of the magazine Cántico dedicated to his work in 1955. In a letter to the scholar <mask> Cano, he gives praise to an essay by Vicente Núñez, accuses Adriano del Valle of inventing anecdotes about him, such as wearing patent leather shoes or yellow gloves, and claims not to believe a word of the praise that they give him. It is interesting that <mask> does not mention the fact that Aleixandre also made a contribution to that issue, one of the essays that stoked the legend of <mask>. However, he was sufficiently impressed to commend the homage to a young British scholar, Derek Harris, who was starting his researches into <mask>'s works.This was followed in 1962 by a special edition of La caña gris. This homage seems to have pleased him even more than the earlier one, with the exception of another contribution by Aleixandre and one by Juan Gil-Albert. Two of the contributors were poets who showed signs of <mask>'s influence -Jaime Gil de Biedma and José Valente. Biedma wrote an elegy for him called "Después de la noticia de su muerte". Another poet of that generation who was influenced by him was Francisco Brines. Popular culture

 A sculptural monument to <mask> stands in Sevilla, Spain. Spanish painter Gregorio Prieto drew portraits of <mask> and Vicente Aleixandre.The Spanish government has issued several postage stamps featuring portraits of <mask>, including a stamp issued on the one hundredth anniversary of the poet's birth. Notes

Bibliography

(Library of Congress Catalog Card Number)

J. A. Coleman, Other voices. A study of the late poetry of <mask> (North Carolina University Press, 1969)
 Ph. Silver, <mask>: el poeta en su leyenda (Madrid, 1972)
 D. Harris (ed. ), <mask> (Madrid, 1977)
 R. Martínez Nadal, Españoles en la Gran Bretaña: <mask>. El hombre y sus temas (Madrid, 1983)
 M. Petrelli, "L'arte pura in tutte le lingue del mondo: <mask>" in "Confluenze.Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani", vol. 1, n. 2, 2009. M. Ulacia, L. <mask>: escritura, cuerpo y deseo (Barcelona, 1986). External links

 Biography

1902 births
1963 deaths
People from Seville
Spanish educators
English–Spanish translators
French–Spanish translators
German–Spanish translators
Spanish gay writers
Writers from Andalusia
Spanish literary critics
Generation of '27
LGBT poets from Spain
20th-century translators
20th-century Spanish poets
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the United States
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the United Kingdom
National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty
El Colegio de México faculty
Mount Holyoke College faculty
Lambda Literary Award for Gay Poetry winners
20th-century Spanish male writers
Spanish male

masks:
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Luis Ce
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
José Luis
Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Luis Cernuda
Cernuda


title: Edna Iturralde

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1948) is an Ecuadorian author who has won multiple national and international awards. She is considered the most important figure in children and young adult's literature of her country and, with fifty-seven books published, some of them in Colombia, Mexico, Peru, and Spain, this author has attained significant international recognition. She is a 2014 International Latino Book Awards Finalist. <mask> has six children and nine grandchildren. She lives in Quito, Ecuador in the Valley of Tumbaco with her husband and four dogs, who keep her company while she writes. She visits school children who read her books often. Biography

Impact
<mask> has positioned her as one of Latin America's most skilled, prolific and versatile authors of children's and young adult literature, with 59 books over a career that spans 35 years.Her collection of short stories Green Was My Forest was selected as one of the ten best children's books written in Latin America during the 20th Century. <mask>'s influence has expanded beyond Ecuador. In the United States four of her books were chosen to be part of the Common Core kits in the schools in Los Angeles, California and Houston Texas. The Texas Library Association selected two of her bi-lingual books for its 2016-17 list of ten recommended bi-lingual books. Two of her books are part of the Require Summer Reading Books recommended by Scholastic Books. Three of her books have won the Skipping Stones International Book Prize and five of her books won the International Latino Book Award. In Mexico, three of her books were also chosen, in different years, by the SEP, the Mexican Secretariat of Public Education, to be part of all the school libraries in that country.Her book Verde fue mi selva (Green was my Forest), was selected as one of the ten “essential” books in the Latin-American List of Children and Young Adults Literature of the 20th Century by a panel of 27 experts from Latin American countries that was convoked by the SM Foundation and the Directorate of Libraries, Archives and Museums of Chile. (Fundación SM y la Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos de Chile (DIBAM)). These are substantial achievements for a writer who comes from a small country where opportunities to be known internationally are relatively few. Childhood and Young Adulthood
<mask>'s early childhood years laid the foundation for her literary career. Her aviator father died in a plane crash when she was one, and she was raised as a single child. Her maternal grandfather told her stories and her mother read to her, but without siblings, her imagination developed as she amused herself by telling stories to her dolls and dogs, and day-dreaming on garden swings. In fifth grade her class was selected to present a play at the school assembly and no appropriate play could be found, so <mask> went home, sat down, and wrote one.Her teacher approved, the play was given and <mask> realized how much she loved writing. From then on her dream was to become a writer when she grew up. Classmates asked her to write stories for them on topics they chose; the birth of a new baby brother or sister, a trip to the mountains, the death of a beloved pet and many other themes that were important in their lives. She also wrote in the school newspaper and was part of the Oratory Club. In 1967, she became the first girl to win Ecuador's Presidential National Award for Oratory and the first girl to win the oratory prize of the Municipality of Quito. University was not an option, and she still dreamed of writing, but she needed to work. As a tour guide for Metropolitan Touring in Ecuador, her stories so amused tourists that they voted her the best tour guide in South America of IntravTravel Group.She started a boutique by renting a room in an old house, which she painted and decorated herself. It was Quito's first boutique, called Carnaby Street. She sold, often on credit, the clothes and copper and silver jewelry she designed. She married at twenty-two to Diederick van Maasdijk and became the full-time mother of four children. Early career
Marriage turned out to further her literary career, because since her children insisted she repeat her bedtime stories exactly the same way every time she had to write them down. So when Panorama, a supplement of the Quito newspaper El Comercio, solicited children's’ stories, she sent in one of hers. Not only did Panorama choose her story, but also asked her to provide it a story every week.After one year of writing for Panorama (1980-1981), <mask> founded La Cometa (The Kite) in 1982. That same year, her husband died in a plane crash. <mask> continued writing La Cometa, the first weekly children's magazine to be published in Ecuador. For the next eleven years (1982-1993), she produced La Cometa every week (with the assistance of only a secretary, an artist, and a pet squirrel), filling its 16 pages only with her own stories, serial novels, comics and games. She signed many of them with a pseudonym to make people think the magazine had a larger staff. La Cometa was distributed for free with the newspaper Diario Hoy, considerably increasing its circulation, and reached about 210,000 children weekly. Many of these children lacked money to buy books but learned the pleasure of reading from La Cometa.La Cometa provided a model for several other free South American children's magazines. In 1985 she married Bruce Kernan and had two more children. Growth as an author and communicator
In 1993, commissioned by the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) and the Ecuadorian Ministry of Education to write about values children should learn, Iturralde wrote the 60 amusing stories in the three volumes of ‘’To Be and To Share’’, for three different age groups. She also was a consultant of PLAN International, for which she wrote a humoristic but useful book on social relations. From 1996 to 1998, she was the representative in Ecuador of Educational Development Center (EDC). She used the Interactive Radio Instruction Method to write, produce and test 15 free distance education programs entitled “Let’s Play Theatre”. The program guides preschool teachers, or care givers, during 20 minutes sessions, in developing emotional intelligence and conflict resolution by appealing to the imagination of young children.Many Ecuadorian daycare centers have used it successfully. In 1996, <mask> founded the Union of Writers of Literature for Children (UDELI), with the idea of helping writers of children and young adult literature to publish. The international publishing houses which were operating in Ecuador at the time only commercialized children books from Hispanic writers or translations from other languages. The association published an anthology of Christmas stories, enabling new writers and illustrators to gain exposure and giving impetus to children's literature in Ecuador. In 1998 Editorial Santillana, followed by Editorial Norma, the two most important international publishing houses in Ecuador, selected Iturralde's literature for publication. Until then, foreign titles completely dominated children and adolescent literature within Ecuador and most writers had to publish their own work. The success of Iturralde's books Verde fue mi Selva and Y su corazón escapó para convertirse en pájaro encouraged these publishers to look into publishing more children's literature by Ecuadorian authors.Since then <mask> has continued to publish with Santillana, Norma and also with Editorial SM, and Penguin Random House, Colombia. She has published 59 books between picture books, novels, chapter books, and collections of short stories in Colombia, Mexico, Spain and the United States. From 2000 to 2002 Iturralde taught a course on Creative Writing at the Universidad San Francisco de Quito in the International Program. In early 2016 she started writing a weekly column for Family Magazine, a supplement to El Comercio newspaper. Influence on Literature in Ecuador and Beyond
In 2006 <mask> founded and became the first president of the Ecuadorean affiliate of the Latin-American Academy of Children and Young Adults Literature. She was its president until 2012. The literary congresses she organized in Ecuador served to draw international attention and appreciation of Ecuadorean children and young adults literature.<mask> has forcefully contributed to promoting reading and raising appreciation of children and young adult literature in Ecuador. The Hoy en la Educación Foundation named its annual literary contest after her. She only asked it give its award to new, unpublished authors of children and young adult literature, since she wanted to encourage them. She has presented and discussed her literature in hundreds of visits to schools and dozens of radio, television, newspaper and magazine interviews. Her literature has become part of the curriculum of Children's Literature studies at several Ecuadorian universities such as Universidad Tecnica Particular de Loja (UTPL) Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador (PUCE), Universidad de Cuenca Ecuador, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Universidad Tecnológica del Equinoccial (UTE). Her books have been used as the basis for plays, ballets. The National Symphony Orchestra commissioned an orchestral piece based on one of her books, Los hijos de la Guacamaya.Her numerous awards (e.g. 2013 Woman of the Year for Literature; 2014 Manuela Saenz Libertadora del Libertador Gold Medal; 2010 Silver Rose Award for the Woman of the Year; 2007 Essential Women in Ecuador) have enormously raised the awareness in Ecuador of the beneficial role of literature for the development of children and young adults. Dr. Jaime García Padrino, professor of Children's and Young Adult Literature at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, has summarized <mask>'s contribution to children and young adult literature:

“<mask>’s contribution to Children’s Literature and Young Adult Literature is today one of the most outstanding in Ecuador and, by extension, in Latin America. This is due to both the number of works she has published to date and the variety of themes about which she has written. Her historical and biographical books are notable for their solid documentation and rigorous accuracy. Above all, her writing is of high expressive quality. There is no doubt that <mask> has made a significant, diverse and substantial contribution to Spanish-American Children’s and Young Adult Literature.She has drawn conspicuous attention to Ecuador, highlighting through her literature its cultural contributions to the world. Due to her keen ability to see the world through their eyes, Iturralde has successfully reached children and young adults. Her works are contributing to the creating a new generation of readers who are sensitive, tolerant and caring human beings." Work

Iturralde's literature develops within a multicultural, ethnic, and social context. In an epoch when local and regional histories are being obliterated, and when few people are concerned with the special knowledge that has been preserved by certain local ethnic groups, a voice that weaves together fictional and ingenuous stories, based though they are on serious research, and through such fiction documents and projects such knowledge, is somewhat transcendental in the eyes of many. Iturralde removes the veils from the identity that is unknown or forgotten and projects it to the rest of the world. Iturralde is considered one of the most important and prolific figures of Ecuadorian children and juvenile literature.Mother of six children, she has dedicated much of her life to writing for children. Her books have been published in Colombia, Mexico, and Spain and are distributed in the United States, Peru, and Bolivia. <mask> was the founder and director of the children's magazine La Cometa ("The Kite"), which for fifteen years was published together with the newspaper, Hoy, from Ecuador. She has published fifty eight books concerning a variety of themes, but for the last few years, she has concentrated on narratives based on ethnicity, and she is the pioneer in this genre in the children's literature of Ecuador. She has given lectures on creative writing at the University of San Francisco de Quito in the International Program. She has won various prizes and nominations within and outside her country. Among the most important of these are the Ecuador National Prize for Children's Literature Dario Guevara Mavorga in Ecuador in 2001, the Skipping Stones Award in the

United States in 2002 and 2005, and the Mention of Honor of the Municipality of Quito in 2003 and 2004.She has been nominated twice, in 2012 and 2013, to the Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award (ALMA). As Her work was selected by the SEP within the competition of the Mexican Ministry of Education in 2003 and 2005. In 2005, two of her books were nominated for the Ecuadorian Honor List of IBBY (International Board of Books for the Young). She is the president of the Ecuadorian Academy of Children and Juvenile Literature, which is associated with the Latin American Academy of Children and Juvenile Literature. References

1948 births
Living people
Ecuadorian women writers
Ecuadorian women children's writers
Universidad San Francisco de Quito faculty
21st-century Ecuadorian women

masks:
Edna Iturralde
Edna
Edna Iturralde
Edna
Edna
Edna
Edna
Edna
Edna
Edna
Edna Iturralde
Edna
Edna
Edna
… Iturralde
Edna Iturralde
Iturralde


title: Klaus Nomi

texts:
<mask> (January 24, 1944 – August 6, 1983), known professionally as <mask>, was a German countertenor noted for his wide vocal range and an unusual, otherworldly stage persona. In the 1970s Nomi immersed himself in the East Village art scene. He was known for his bizarrely visionary theatrical live performances, heavy make-up, unusual costumes, and a highly stylized signature hairdo that flaunted a receding hairline. His songs were equally unusual, ranging from synthesizer-laden interpretations of classical opera to covers of 1960s pop standards like Chubby Checker's "The Twist" and Lou Christie's "Lightnin' Strikes". Nomi was one of David Bowie's backup singers for a 1979 performance on Saturday Night Live. Nomi died in 1983 at the age of 39 as a result of complications from AIDS. He was one of the earliest known figures from the arts community to die from the illness.Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born <mask> in Immenstadt, Bavaria, Germany on January 24, 1944. In the 1960s, he worked as an usher at the Deutsche Oper in West Berlin where he sang for the other ushers and maintenance crew on stage in front of the fire curtain after performances. He also sang opera arias at the Berlin gay discothèque Kleist Casino. Nomi emigrated to New York City in 1972. He did some off-Broadway theater work and moonlighted as a pastry chef. In 1977, Nomi appeared in a satirical camp production of Richard Wagner's Das Rheingold at Charles Ludlam's Ridiculous Theater Company as the Rheinmaidens and the Wood Bird. Music career
Nomi came to the attention of the East Village art scene in 1978 with his performance in "New Wave Vaudeville", a four-night event MC'd by artist David McDermott.Dressed in a skin-tight spacesuit with a clear plastic cape, <mask> sang the aria "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix" ("My heart opens to your voice") from Camille Saint-Saëns' opera Samson et Dalila The performance ended with a chaotic crash of strobe lights, smoke bombs, and loud electronic sound effects as Nomi backed away into the smoke. Joey Arias recalled: "I still get goose pimples when I think about it... It was like he was from a different planet and his parents were calling him home. When the smoke cleared, he was gone." After that performance Nomi was invited to perform at clubs all over New York City. At the New Wave Vaudeville show Nomi met Kristian Hoffman, songwriter for the Mumps. Hoffman was a performer and MC in the second incarnation of New Wave Vaudeville and a close friend of Susan Hannaford and Tom Scully, who produced the show, and Ann Magnuson, who directed it.Anya Phillips, then manager of James Chance and the Contortions, suggested <mask> and Hoffman form a band. Hoffman became Nomi's de facto musical director, assembling a band that included Page Wood from another New Wave vaudeville act, Come On, and Joe Katz, who was concurrently in The Student Teachers, the Accidents, and The Mumps. Hoffman helped Nomi choose his pop covers, including the Lou Christie song "Lightnin' Strikes". Hoffman wrote several pop songs with which Nomi is closely identified: "The Nomi Song", "Total Eclipse", "After The Fall", and "Simple Man", the title song of Nomi's second RCA French LP. This configuration of the <mask>mi band performed at Manhattan clubs, including several performances at Max's Kansas City, Danceteria, Hurrah and the Mudd Club. He also appeared on Manhattan Cable's TV Party. Disagreements with the management Nomi engaged led to a dissolution of this band, and Nomi continued without them.In the late 1970s, while performing at Club 57, The Mudd Club, The Pyramid Club, and other venues, <mask> assembled various up-and-coming models, singers, artists, and musicians to perform live with him, including Joey Arias, Keith Haring, John Sex and Kenny Scharf. He was briefly involved with Jean-Michel Basquiat, then known for his graffiti art as SAMO. <mask> and Arias were introduced to David Bowie at the Mudd Club, who hired them as performers and backup singers for his appearance on Saturday Night Live on December 15, 1979. They performed "TVC 15", "The Man Who Sold the World", and "Boys Keep Swinging". During the performance of "TVC 15", <mask> and Arias dragged around a large prop pink poodle with a television screen in its mouth. <mask> was so impressed with the plastic quasi-tuxedo suit that Bowie wore during "The Man Who Sold the World" that he commissioned one for himself. He wore the suit on the cover of his self-titled album, as well as during a number of his music videos.<mask> wore his variant of the outfit, in monochromatic black-and-white with spandex and makeup to match, until the last few months of his life. <mask> played a supporting role as a Nazi official in Anders Grafstrom's 1980 underground film The Long Island Four. The 1981 rock documentary film Urgh! A Music War features <mask>'s live performance of "Total Eclipse." His performance of "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix" was used for the closing credits. In the liner notes of <mask>'s 1981 self-titled record, 666 Fifth Avenue was listed as the contact address. He released his second album, Simple Man, in November 1982.He also collaborated with producer Man Parrish, appearing on Parrish's 1982 album Man Parrish as a backup vocalist on the track "Six Simple Synthesizers". In the last several months of his life, <mask> changed his focus to operatic pieces and adopted a Baroque era operatic outfit complete with full collar as his typical onstage attire. The collar helped cover the outbreaks of Kaposi's sarcoma on his neck, one of the numerous AIDS-related diseases Nomi developed toward the end of his life. Illness and death
<mask> died at the Sloan Kettering Hospital Center in New York City on August 6, 1983. He was one of the first celebrities to die of complications from AIDS. Upon his death, <mask>'s close friend Joey Arias became the executor of his estate. His ashes were spread across New York City.Legacy
Filmmakers such as Andrew Horn and writers such as Jim Fouratt consider Nomi an important part of the 1980s East Village scene, which was a hotbed of development for punk rock music, the visual arts and the avant-garde. Although <mask>'s work had not yet met with national commercial success at the time of his death, he garnered a cult following, mainly in New York and in France. Andrew Horn's 2004 feature documentary about <mask>'s life, The Nomi Song, which was released by Palm Pictures, helped spur renewed interest in the singer, including an art exhibit in San Francisco at the New Langton Arts gallery and one in Milan at the Res Pira Lab, which subsequently moved to Berlin's Strychnin Gallery, called "Do You Nomi?". New music pieces inspired by Nomi were commissioned by the gallery for a variety of European musicians, including Ernesto Tomasini. In pop culture

In 2001, German pop duo Rosenstolz and English singer Marc Almond recorded a cover version of "Total Eclipse". Garbage used his "Valentine’s Day" song as the basis for their 2012 "Beloved Freak". Nomi makes an appearance in Derf Backderf's graphic novel Punk Rock and Trailer Parks, released in 2008.Nomi is one of the Sovereign's bodyguards in the Adult Swim series The Venture Bros. The Sovereign is the leader of the Guild of Calamitous Intent, and often takes the form of David Bowie. In the film Suspiria (2018), Nomi singing "Total Eclipse" can be heard on the in the background on the radio in the room of another dancer. Discography

Albums
1981: <mask> (RCA)
1982: Simple Man (RCA)
2007: Za Bakdaz: The Unfinished Opera (Heliocentric)

Compilations
1983: Encore
1991: The Collection

Live
1986: In Concert (RCA) – Recorded in 1979

Singles
1981: "Total Eclipse" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1981: "You Don't Own Me" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1982: "Simple Man" / "Death"
1982: "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" / "ICUROK"
1982: "Nomi Song" / "Cold Song"
1982: "Lightnin' Strikes" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1983: "ICUROK" / "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead"
1983: "Just One Look" / "Rubberband Lazer"
1986: "I Feel Love"
1998: "Za Bak Daz" / "Silent Night"

Music videos
1982: "Simple Man" (directed and edited by John Zieman)
1982: "Lightning Strikes"
1982: "Nomi Song"
1982: "Falling in Love Again"

Film appearances
Long Island Four (1979)
Mr. Mike's Mondo Video (1979)
Urgh! A Music War (1982)
The Nomi Song (2004)

See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City

References

External links
Klaus Nomi papers, circa 1950-1983, Houghton Library, Harvard University

1944 births
1983 deaths
AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)
German countertenors
Dark cabaret musicians
German electronic musicians
German experimental musicians
German male singers
German new wave musicians
German performance artists
German singer-songwriters
Avant-garde singers
LGBT singers from Germany
LGBT songwriters
Performance art in New York City
People from Immenstadt
Synth-pop singers
Gay musicians
20th-century German male singers
20th-century LGBT people
German emigrants to the United States
People from the East Village, Manhattan
RCA Records artists

masks:
Klaus Sperber
Klaus Nomi
Klaus Nomi
Klaus Sperber
Nomi
Nomi
Klaus No
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Nomi
Klaus Nomi


title: Hina Rabbani Khar

texts:
<mask> (Urdu: ; born 19 November 1977) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 21st Foreign Minister of Pakistan from February 2011 until March 2013. Appointed at the age of 33, she was the youngest person and the first woman to have held the position. <mask> is a member of an influential feudal family in Muzaffargarh. She studied business at LUMS and U Mass - Amherst before entering politics as a member of the national assembly in 2002, representing the PML-Q and becoming a junior minister responsible for economic policy under the Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. In 2009, after switching parties and winning re-election with the Pakistan Peoples Party, she became the Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs and the same year became the first woman to present the national budget. [5] She was appointed by Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in July 2011, and served until shortly before the 2013 election, when she retired from active politics. She has continued to push for stronger ties with India.She remains a member of the Pakistan People's Party, and is a public speaker on foreign policy. As of 2019, she is a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan on a reserved seat for women. Early life and family
Hina <mask> <mask> was born in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan into Jat family Khar and is the daughter of the powerful oligarch and politician Ghulam Noor <mask> <mask>. Her father was a prominent national politician and served as a member of the National Assembly. She is a niece of Ghulam <mask>, the former Governor and Chief Minister of Punjab. Education
<mask> is a graduate of the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) where she holds a BSc (with honors) in Economics conferred in 1999. She subsequently attended the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in the United States where she earned an MSc in Business Management in 2002.<mask> has retained ties with LUMS since her graduation. In 2012, she delivered a lecture there on "Foreign Policy and Young Democracy", and secured funding for the Abdus Salam Institute of Physics. Political career

In the 2002 general elections, <mask> was elected as a member of the National Assembly, representing the NA-177 (Muzaffargarh-II) constituency in Punjab. Her father, veteran politician Ghulam Noor <mask> <mask>, had represented the constituency previously, but he and most of the members of her family had been disqualified. A new law requiring all parliamentary candidates to hold a university degree meant that he and they could not run that year. With the financial support of her father who addressed rallies on her behalf, she campaigned on a newly founded PML-Q platform against the Pakistan Muslim League, with her face not appearing on her own election posters. Economic and Finance positions

<mask> came to prominence during the Shaukat Aziz government and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Economic Affairs and Statistics in 2003, and being named Minister of State for Economic Affairs the following year, a post she retained until 2007.As minister of state, she worked with international relief funds and charities after the deadly 2005 earthquake in Northern Pakistan, and also worked on proposals for the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India pipeline. In 2007, she made an unsuccessful attempt to renew her alliance with the PML-Q, but the party denied her a ticket platform to campaign for re-election in 2008. She was subsequently invited to join the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and successfully campaigned for her constituency for a second time. The PPP secured a plurality of the votes and formed a left-wing alliance with the Awami National Party, MQM and PML-Q. Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs
After her 2008 re-election, she was appointed Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs in the cabinet of Yousaf Raza Gillani. She worked on the financial budget and economic policies in the absence of the then Finance Minister and on 13 June 2009 she successfully presented the 2010 federal budget in the Parliament and has the distinction of being the first woman politician to present the Pakistani budget in the National Assembly. She also worked on reducing Pakistan's circular debt within the energy sector.Foreign minister

<mask> was appointed as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs—the deputy head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs—on 11 February 2011, as part of Gillani's cabinet reshuffle. Gillani did not reappoint Shah Mehmood Qureshi as Foreign Minister, and that position was left empty. In the absence of any Foreign Minister, she was the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs for five months until her formal appointment as Foreign Minister on 18 July; she was sworn in on 19 July, becoming the youngest and first female Minister of Foreign Affairs. President Asif Ali Zardari, who succeeded Pervez Musharraf in 2008, said the appointment was "a demonstration of the government's commitment to bring women into the mainstream of national life". She was appointed foreign minister during a difficult time in Pakistan: when the country's armed forces were confronting extreme elements in Western Pakistan and anti-American emotions ran high over the Raymond Davis incident. Shortly after her appointment, <mask> visited India and held peace talks with her Indian counterpart, S. M. Krishna. Relations between the two countries had been suspended following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, and did not resume until February 2011, five months before her visit.The Indian media reported extensively on her fashion and appearance, including her Birkin bag, sunglasses, Jimmy Choo stilettos and pearl necklaces. She held talks with leaders of the Hurriyat Conference before meeting Indian government representatives, a decision which was criticised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's biggest political party, which said it was a breach of protocol and demanded an inquiry into the matter. She later led an unsuccessful move to grant India most favoured nation status. In August 2011 she visited China and held talks with Yang Jiechi, the Chinese Foreign Minister. Hindustan Times reported that, in contrast to her reception in India, she was largely ignored by the Chinese media. The NATO strike which killed 24 Pakistani troops was one of the most notable incidents during her tenure and Foreign Minister <mask> stated that the government of Pakistan and defense committees had approved a measure—similar to a parliamentary resolution put forward after bin Laden's May 2011 death—that formally bars NATO and ISAF forces from using Pakistan's supply routes. Pakistan continued to demand a U.S. apology, and on 6 June 2012, <mask> argued that "higher principles should take precedence over politically popular considerations", and challenged the U.S. to "live up to its democratic ideals by respecting the will of Pakistan’s elected legislature".On 15 December 2011, when the United States suspended financial aid to Pakistan, <mask> warned that their actions would be responsible for losing the war on terror, since Pakistan could not win without U.S. assistance. On 21 January 2012, <mask> secretly left for Moscow with an agenda of strengthening bilateral relations, with Pakistan's relationship with the United States strained. On this trip invited the Russian leadership to visit Pakistan and to maintain bilateral cooperation and commitment and support for "Afghan-led and Afghan-owned" efforts for peace in the country. On 12 August 2012, while speaking at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Tehran, <mask> maintained that regional stability was imperiled due to the increasing tensions relating to Iran's nuclear program, and a "peaceful resolution of this issue is still possible on the basis of reciprocal confidence-building measures and security assurances against external threats". During her short visit to Bangladesh on 9 November 2012, <mask> was approached by the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dipu Moni to sort out post-independence issues between the countries. <mask> called for the two countries to move ahead together. While the election was being scheduled, the PPP completed five-year election term in March 2013, so the government was replaced by a caretaker prime minister and cabinet, in which <mask> was not a member, until the election took place.This ended <mask>'s two-year role as Foreign Minister. In April 2013, <mask> announced that she was standing down at the next general election, so that her father, who had previously been ineligible to stand as a candidate, could succeed her. The condition requiring parliamentary candidates to hold a university degree, which had led to <mask> replacing her father in 2002, had been lifted since the most recent general election. The PPP came second in the election, losing 74 seats; <mask>'s father was defeated in his bid to regain his former seat. Significance
During her two-year-long appointment as the country's foreign minister she attracted significant global attention on her status as Pakistan's first woman foreign minister. She was interviewed by Charlie Rose, CBS News and Washington Post among others. She served as a high-ranking member of the Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party from 2008 until 2013, when she retired from politics.Post-ministerial career
Since standing down, <mask> has been an active public speaker. In an interview with Al Jazeera in December 2015, she accused the US government supporting military regimes in Pakistan. She has written op-ed's for Newsweek Pakistan and was interviewed by Mehdi Hasan at the Oxford Union in December 2015. In June 2016, she appeared on Jirga with Saleem Safi, speaking out against Pakistan's aggressive stance in the Kashmir conflict. In an appearance at the Islamabad Literature Festival, she continued her support of a closer Indian-Pakistan relationship. Return to politics in 2018
She was elected on a reserved seat for women in the National Assembly in 2018 General Election by the Pakistan People's Party. Personal life
<mask> is married to Feroze Gulzar.She has a son, Ahmed, and two daughters, Annaya and Dina. Khar is co-owner of a restaurant called the "Polo Lounge". The initial branch opened at the Lahore Polo Ground in 2002. A second Polo Lounge has since opened in Islamabad's Saidpur Village. See also
Economy of Pakistan

References

Further reading

Khan, M Ilyas. External links

Minister of Foreign Affairs
news and commentary at Dawn

Who rules Pakistan?. Al Jazeera English, December 2015 - interview with <mask> <mask> <mask> (video, 47 mins)

|-

|-

1977 births
Living people
Pakistani businesspeople
Pakistani women diplomats
Pakistani diplomats
Pakistani landowners
Pakistani MNAs 2002–2007
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistan Peoples Party MNAs
Pakistani economists
Pakistani women economists
Government of Yousaf Raza Gillani
People from Multan
Punjabi women
Foreign Ministers of Pakistan
Female foreign ministers
Women members of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Women federal ministers of Pakistan
Lahore University of Management Sciences alumni
Isenberg School of Management alumni
<mask> Rabbani
Pakistani MNAs 2018–2023

masks:
Hina Rabbani Khar
Khar
Rabbani
Khar
Rabbani
Khar
Mustafa Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Rabbani
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar
Hina
Rabbani
Khar
Hina


title: John McLaughlin (host)

texts:
<mask> (; March 29, 1927 – August 16, 2016) was an American television personality and political commentator. He created, produced, and hosted the political commentary series The McLaughlin Group. He also hosted and produced <mask>'s One on One, which ran from 1984 to 2013. Education and early career
<mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of <mask> and his wife Eva Philomena, née Turcotte. He grew up in a Catholic family who were second-generation Irish Americans and attended La Salle Academy, Providence. At age 18, he entered Weston College in Weston, Massachusetts, which later became the theological seminary of Boston College, to become a Catholic priest. He entered the Jesuit order in 1947, aged 20, and was ordained as a priest in 1959, and went on to earn two master's degrees (philosophy and English literature) from Boston College.After his ordination, <mask> spent some years as a high school teacher at Fairfield College Preparatory School, a Jesuit prep school in Connecticut. He took time off from teaching to earn a Ph.D. (philosophy) from Columbia University. He wrote his thesis on the Catholic poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. He then became a writer and later assistant editor for the Jesuit current affairs publication, America, in New York City. Disagreements with the editor of the magazine led to his departure in 1970 after which he moved back to Providence. Political career

<mask> was originally a supporter of the Democratic Party and opposed the Vietnam War, but then became a war supporter and changed his party affiliation to Republican. In 1970, he sought permission from the Jesuit order to run for a seat in the United States Senate, representing Rhode Island.They had given permission to fellow Jesuit Father Robert Drinan who ran successfully for the United States House of Representatives in Massachusetts. When they refused, <mask> ran anyway but lost to the incumbent four-term Senator <mask>. Pastore. Through a friendship with Pat Buchanan, <mask> then became a speechwriter for U.S. President Richard Nixon. In 1974, after the resignation of President Nixon, he spent two months under President Gerald Ford's administration. In 1975, he left the priesthood. Media career
After leaving the White House, <mask> worked with his wife Ann in public relations and in 1980 became a weekend radio host on WRC-AM in Washington, D.C. Eventually he was fired from that job.He then went on to write for National Review and to host The McLaughlin Group, which premiered in 1982. The television show brought together four political commentators, usually two conservatives and two liberals, with <mask> seated in the middle. <mask> was known for his loud and forceful style of presentation, usually stating his opinion in an apodictic manner and often cutting off other panelists by declaring their opinion "Wrong!" or putting a question to the panel, listening to other opinions, before finally giving his opinion as "the correct answer". Discussions in the McLaughlin Group tended to run until the very last few seconds of airtime, when <mask> would rather abruptly end each episode by saying "Bye-bye!". <mask>'s style and mannerisms were parodied by comedians and other commentators, most notably Dana Carvey of Saturday Night Live. <mask> enjoyed SNL'''s recurring McLaughlin Group sketches, even making a 1991 cameo appearance as the Grim Reaper in one of them.<mask> also hosted the interview show <mask>'s One on One, first telecast in 1984, and ended in 2013. Also from 1989 through 1994, he produced and hosted McLaughlin, a one-hour nightly talk show on CNBC. For a short while in 1999, he hosted an MSNBC show, McLaughlin Special Report. The show was announced on January 22, and its cancellation was announced on February 25. A revival of The McLaughlin Group debuted in 2018, and retains <mask>'s name in the show's title despite his death. Personal life and death
On August 23, 1975, <mask> married Ann Dore (née Lauenstein), his former campaign manager. She served as Secretary of Labor under President Ronald Reagan from 1987 until 1989.During this period, <mask> was sued for sexual harassment and discrimination by a former employee. He settled the suit in December 1989. <mask> and Dore divorced in 1992. <mask> married his second wife Cristina Clara Vidal on June 22, 1997. The marriage ended in divorce in 2010. During the December 26, 2014, year-end awards episode, <mask> ended the show saying: "Person of the year: Pope Francis, especially now that he's told that animals can go to heaven. And Oliver is up there waiting for me."Oliver Productions, Inc., is named after <mask>'s pet dog  — a Basset Hound — and is seen in an animation as part of the brand logo shown at the close of each show. Oliver shared their Watergate apartment during <mask>'s tenure as speechwriter for President Nixon. After missing his first broadcast in 34 years, <mask> died on August 16, 2016, at his home in Washington, D.C. of prostate cancer at the age of 89. <mask>'s last message to fans was August 13, when he explained he had missed recent tapings due to his poor health. In popular culture
The McLaughlin Group was parodied a number of times on Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s, where <mask> was played by Dana Carvey. <mask> also appeared in several films, including Dave, Mission: Impossible, Independence Day, and War, Inc., generally portraying himself discussing a political character in the movie. In the 2009 movie Watchmen, he is portrayed by Gary Houston in an early scene interviewing Pat Buchanan (played by James M. Connor) and Eleanor Clift (played by Mary Ann Burger) about the possibility of nuclear war with the Soviet Union.<mask> also hosted a special celebration for the 200th episode of the NBC sitcom Cheers''. References

Further reading

External links

 The McLaughlin Group website: <mask> biography. findagrave.com

1927 births
2016 deaths
21st-century Roman Catholics
20th-century American Jesuits
21st-century American Jesuits
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
American male journalists
American television news anchors
American broadcast news analysts
American people of Irish descent
American political commentators
American Roman Catholic priests
American speechwriters
American television talk show hosts
Boston College alumni
CNBC people
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C. Deaths from prostate cancer
Former Jesuits
Journalists from Rhode Island
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
National Review people
Nixon administration personnel
Rhode Island Democrats
Rhode Island Republicans
Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
Washington, D.C. Republicans
PBS people

masks:
John Joseph McLaughlin
John McLaughlin
John Joseph McLaughlin
Augustus Hugh McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
John O
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
John McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
John McLaughlin


title: Anneka Rice

texts:
<mask> (born 4 October 1958 in Cowbridge, Wales), known professionally as <mask>, is a television presenter, broadcaster, journalist and painter. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cowbridge, Glamorgan, Wales, and grew up in Surrey. She was educated at three independent schools: Dunrobin School and St Michael's – both at Limpsfield, Surrey – and Croydon High School. <mask> adopted the name "<mask>" when she joined the British actors' union Equity, as an <mask> had already been registered. Career

Television
<mask> began her broadcasting career as a trainee for the BBC World Service, working on The World Today and Twenty-Four Hours. She then moved to BBC children's TV, where she worked for Monica Sims and as a production assistant on Lucky Numbers. At 19, she moved to Hong Kong, where she worked as a news sub-editor for TVB Pearl, the English-language TV station.She later became the regular evening news-reader. She also produced Wheelbase, a weekly drive-time radio show, for RTHK and worked as an account executive for PR company Corporate Communications. She published a book called A Children's Guide to Hong Kong. She dubbed kung fu films into English for Run Run Shaw late into the night and was a fittings model for Gloria Vanderbilt jeans during her lunch hours. In 1982 she returned to the UK and worked as a reporter on CBTV for Thames Television. She then landed her first-high profile job, as the jump-suited "skyrunner" of Channel 4's Treasure Hunt, co-hosted by former BBC newsman Kenneth Kendall. The show remains one of Channel 4's highest-rated programmes ever, regularly getting over 7 million viewers.It was nominated for a BAFTA in 1986. <mask> hosted the BBC's Children in Need appeal in 1987 and tested an early version of her next project, Challenge Anneka. This had been devised by <mask> herself and was launched in 1989 on BBC1. It ran for six series. Projects included the renovation of a Romanian orphanage in Siret, equipping a Malawi refugee camp, and over 60 UK projects, most of which are still going strong. As the owner of the rights to Challenge Anneka, <mask> remained involved with the format as it was sold to other European territories, which produced their own versions. in 2001 she co-produced an American version with ABC called Challenge America with Erin Brockovich: The Miracle in Manhattan, hosted by Erin Brockovich, a post-9/11 project to rebuild an amphitheater and soccer field in New York City.Through the '80s and '90s <mask> presented Wish You Were Here...? for ITV. Taking over as main presenter on BBC1's Holiday in 1999, she travelled to over 50 countries. She was a regular part-time presenter on TVAM with Nick Ross, hosting one week a month, and also hosted Sporting Chance on BBC2, inviting celebrities to take up a new sport. She took part in BBC's Driving Force, teaming up with rally-cross driver Barry Lee to win the otherwise all-male competition in races driving Chieftain tanks, off-road cars, trucks and JCB diggers. She co-presented Combat for ITV with Emlyn Hughes, pitting regiments of the British forces against each other. She presented Capital Woman, a weekly women's magazine programme for ITV in the '90s.She was the host of Passport, which saw contestants taken to Botswana, Hong Kong, Los Angeles and Egypt to compete in gruelling local activities to win a glamorous holiday at the end. She also hosted the Children's Royal Variety Show and guested on numerous other shows. During this time Madame Tussaud's created a waxwork of her which hung in the entrance hall from a rope ladder in her famous jumpsuit. When <mask> moved from Treasure Hunt to Challenge Anneka they threw on a jacket and put a paint pot in her hand. She also had a Spitting Image puppet made of her. She 'gave birth' to her first son, with Kenneth Kendall directing proceedings. <mask> took a sabbatical to bring up her young family in 1995 and enrolled at Chelsea College of Art for two years.She has painted ever since. In the 2000s she returned to work as a regular on The Wright Stuff and as host for Channel 5 series Dinner Doctors. In 2006 Challenge <mask> returned to ITV for two specials, the first broadcast on Boxing Day. This was a post-tsunami project in Sri Lanka. The second project, in 2007, was to produce an album to raise money for the Children's Hospice Association. In 2006 she co-hosted ITV Sunday-morning cookery show Sunday Feast. She also took part in the ITV programme Extinct, presented by Sir Trevor McDonald and Zoë Ball, which saw <mask> and seven other celebrities visit endangered animals in their natural habitat.<mask> travelled to the North Pole to track polar bears by helicopter and fit them with tracking collars. In September 2007 she appeared on Hell's Kitchen and was also a contestant on Celebrity Mastermind (broadcast 1 January 2010). She chose the life and career of Jean Rhys as her specialist subject. In June 2012, <mask> co-hosted BBC1 programme Rolf Paints... Diamond Jubilee with Rolf Harris in celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's jubilee. In August 2012, she was named co-presenter of The Flowerpot Gang on BBC 1 with Joe Swift (TV garden presenter) and Phil Tufnell. She was a presenter on Secrets of the National Trust for Channel 5 in 2016. In 2017, she appeared as a contestant on Richard Osman's House of Games and participated in Channel 4's Celebrity Hunted for Stand Up to Cancer.In 2019 she took part in Celebrity Antiques Road Trip for BBC2 with friend Liz Carr. She was a contestant for Kirstie Allsopp's Celebrity Craft Masters; and on BBC 1's Strictly Come Dancing, partnered with Kevin Clifton and featuring regularly on It Takes 2. She was also a guest on Channel 4's Bake Off, An Extra Slice and Children in Need 2019. In 2020 she took part in Joe Lycett's Got Your Back and ran with her Radio 2 colleagues for BBC 1's Sport Relief. Radio
Rice's radio career started as a BBC trainee for the World Service, where she worked on The World Today and Twenty-Four Hours. In Hong Kong she produced a weekly drive-time show for RTHK. In the 80s in the UK she was a regular stand-in for Gloria Hunniford on Radio 2 and presented The Waiting Game for Radio 4 in 1990, a nine-week series on pregnancy.She was also a regular guest on Loose Ends and presented Inside the Life Drawing Class, a documentary for Radio 4 about life drawing. She was asked by Lynda Snell to renovate the Ambridge Village Hall in the early 90s, joining Princess Margaret as the only other person to play themselves. She returned to Ambridge again to re-open it in 2016 after Lynda's campaign to redecorate it. In 2012 <mask> and Patrick Kielty filled in for Alan Carr and Melanie Sykes on BBC Radio 2 which led to her confirmation in February 2012 as the successor to Zoe Ball on the Weekend Breakfast Show, live from 6am. After five years she took over the late night Saturday slot, presenting Pick of Radio 2. She has presented specials for Friday Night is Music Night including one celebrating the music of Rogers and Hammerstein. She also presented the Arts Show, taking over from Jonathan Ross, often taking it to the Edinburgh Festival.She was the regular Radio 2 host for the Olivier Awards and the Evening Standard Awards. Since 2017 she has presented Junior Choice on Christmas Day morning, following the death of long time host Ed Stewart. She takes part in Radio 2's yearly Festival in a Day in Hyde Park. In 2017 she wrote and presented a two-hour Christmas special about Ronnie Wood, his art and music, called Paint it Black. In 2018 she was a guest on My Teenage Diary for Radio 4 and in 2020 she presented <mask>'s 80s TV Treasure Hunt for Radio 2. <mask> was involved with the 1999 Cricket World Cup, promoting the one-day event as a new way for people, especially women, to get into cricket. She had a range of sport clothes and jumpsuits in the 80s produced in collaboration with the clothing chain, DASH.She presented the Adventure Series, making films about learning to scuba-dive, ski and sail, which were accompanied by books. There have been various Treasure Hunt and Challenge Anneka annuals and board games. Painting
<mask> Hambling's Master Class and regularly exhibits her work. Journalism
<mask> was the weekend TV critic for the Mail on Sunday in the mid-2000s and has been a travel writer for them from 2004. She had a column for The Radio Times in 2019 and now writes an occasional column for The Independent. She returned to Siret in 2013 to write about the fate of the orphans from the original Challenge Anneka program.Theatre and performance
<mask> performed in panto at the Manchester Palace, the Theatre Royal Brighton, The Arts Theatre Cambridge and the Richmond Theatre during the 80s, playing principal boy. She acted in 3 tours of The Vagina Monologues in 2005 and 2006. She has done standup comedy at the Backyard Comedy Club in Bethnal Green in 2018 and 2020. In 2015 she gave a piano recital at the Christmas Gala at the Kings Place, giving herself five months to re-learn, having not played since she was a child. She was part of The Great Western Choir and sang at the Big Chill Festival in 2009. Stand-up
<mask> writes and performs stand-up comedy at the Backyard Comedy Club in Bethnal Green. Her last two ventures, in 2018 and 2020, The Clemmie Hart Years about her secret fictional agent, and Help!My Head's in Wookey Hole, about her search for her missing Madame Tussaud's waxwork, were recorded for Radio 4. Chelsea Flower Show
Rice had a Chelsea Garden in 2017, designed alongside Sarah Raven and Tricia Guild, as part of a BBC parade of gardens. The Colour Cutting Garden was a riot of colour and featured flowers that could be "cut and come again". Charity

<mask> is an ambassador and patron of several charities including FISH, Horatio's Garden, Riding for the Disabled and Marie Curie. She is a passionate befriender. She is involved with many of her old Challenge projects.In 2018 she became a Patron for the charity Operation Encompass. Personal life
<mask> married theatre boss Nick Allott in 1988, with whom she has two sons, Thomas Alexander D, born in 1989 and Joshua James, born in 1990.She had another son with TV executive Tom Gutteridge in 1997. Television shows
 CBTV Channel 14 (1982–85)
 Treasure Hunt (1982–89)
Driving Force (1984)
 Wish You Were Here...? (presenter)
 Good Morning Britain (presenter)
 Aspel & Company (guest – March 1986)
 The Grand Knockout Tournament (participant, 1987)
 Challenge Anneka (presenter 1989–95, 2006/7), nominated for two technical BAFTAs in 1991
 KYTV (guest – June 1990)
 2point4 Children (guest appearance – September 1992)
 So Graham Norton (guest appearance – February 2001)
 I Love 1980s (guest appearance – March 2001)
 Ready, Steady, Cook (guest – June 2001)
 A Question of TV (guest appearances – August 2001)
 Remotely Funny (guest – July 2002)
 RI:SE (breakfast show guest, February 2003)
 Dinner Doctors (presenter)
 Richard & Judy (June 2003)
 Absolute Power (November 2003)
 Hell's Kitchen (May 2004)
 QI (aka Quite Interesting) (November 2004)
 Have I Been Here Before? (May 2005)
 Our Survey Says: the Ultimate Game Show Moments
 The Big Call (guest – June 2005)
 The Wright Stuff (guest panellist – September 2005)
 Holiday (presenter)
 Passport
 Sporting Chance
 Driving Force
 Capital Woman
 Combat
 Come Dine with Me (Celebrity Special – July 2006)
 Hell's Kitchen (Contestant – September 2007)
 Heads or Tails on Five (special guest 2009)
 Celebrity Mastermind, BBC1, contestant, 1 January 2010
 Countdown, Channel 4, 'Dictionary Corner' guest, 3–7 October 2011
 Countdown, Channel 4, 'Dictionary Corner' guest, 2–6 April 2012
 Rolf Paints....Diamond Jubilee, BBC1 (co-host), 5 June 2012
 Flowerpot Gang, BBC1, co-host, August 2012
 Richard Osman's House of Games, contestant, 4–8 September 2017
 Celebrity Hunted – SU2C special, 10–24 October 2017
 Strictly Come Dancing - contestant, September 2019; eliminated after performing the Charleston in week three
 Countdown, guest (2019)
 Kirsty Alsopp's Celebrity Craft Masters (2019)
 Sky Arts Celebrity Portrait of the Year (2019)
 Joe Lycett's Got Your Back (2020)
 The Weakest Link (2022)

References

External links

Official website
Anneka Rice at the British Film Institute
 Autobiographical article. 1958 births
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Living people
People from Cowbridge
Welsh television presenters
Game show hosts
People educated at Croydon High School
Dubbing (filmmaking)

masks:
Anne Lucinda Hartley Rice
Anneka Rice
Rice
Rice
Anneka
Annie Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Anneka
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Anneka
Other Rice
Riceggi
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice
Rice


title: Maurice Kendall

texts:
Sir <mask>, FBA (6 September 1907 – 29 March 1983) was a British statistician, widely known for his contribution to statistics. The <mask> tau rank correlation is named after him. Education and early life
<mask> was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire as the only child of engineering worker <mask> and Georgina, née Brewer. His paternal grandfather was a publican, running The Woolpack at Kettering. As a young child he survived a case of cerebral meningitis, which was frequently fatal at that time. After growing up in Derby, England, he studied mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge, where he played cricket and chess (with future champions Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander and Jacob Bronowski). After graduation as a Mathematics Wrangler in 1929, he joined the British Civil Service in the Ministry of Agriculture.In this position he became increasingly interested in using statistics towards agricultural questions, and one of his first published papers to the Royal Statistical Society involved studying crop productivity using factor analysis. He was elected a Fellow of the Society in 1934. Work in statistics
In 1938 and 1939 he began work, along with Bernard Babington-Smith known as BBS, on the question of random number generation, developing both one of the first early mechanical devices to produce random digits, and formulated a series of tests for statistical randomness in a given set of digits which, with some small modifications, became fairly widely used. He produced one of the second large collections of random digits (100,000 in total, over twice as many as those published by L. H. C. Tippett in 1927), which was a commonly used tract until the publication of RAND Corporation's A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates in 1955 (which was developed with a roulette wheel-like machine very similar to <mask>'s and verified as "random" using his statistical tests). In 1937, he aided the ageing statistician G. Udny Yule in the revision of his standard statistical textbook, Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, commonly known for many years as "Yule and <mask>". The two had met by chance in 1935, and were on close terms until Yule's death in 1951 (Yule was godfather to <mask>'s second son). During this period he also began work on the rank correlation coefficient which currently bears his name (<mask>'s tau), which eventually led to a monograph on Rank Correlation in 1948.In the late 1930s, he was additionally part of a group of five other statisticians who endeavoured to produce a reference work summarising recent developments in statistical theory, but it was cancelled on account of onset of World War II. War-time efforts
<mask> became Assistant general manager to the British Chamber of Shipping by day and had air-raid warden duties by night. Despite these constraints on his time, he managed to produce volume one of The Advanced Theory of Statistics in 1943 and a second volume in 1946. During the war he also produced a series of papers extending to work of R.A. Fisher on the theory of k-statistics, and developed a number of extensions to this work through the 1950s. After the war, he worked on the theory and practice of time series analysis, and conclusively demonstrated (with the meager computing resources available at the time) that unsmoothed sample periodograms were unreliable estimators for the population spectrum. London School of Economics
In 1949 he accepted the second chair of statistics at the London School of Economics, University of London. Here he worked part-time as the director of the new Research Techniques Division.From 1952 to 1957 he edited a two-volume work on Statistical Sources in the United Kingdom, which was a standard reference until the mid-1970s. In the 1950s he also worked on multivariate analysis, and developed the text Multivariate Analysis in 1957. In the same year he also developed, along with W. R. Buckland, a Dictionary of Statistical Terms, aimed at helping making the tools of statistics more available to potential users in industry and government. In 1953 he published "The Analytics of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices" in which he suggested that the movement of shares on the stock market was random (as likely to go up on a certain day as to go down). These results were disturbing to some financial economists and further debate and research then followed. This ultimately led to the creation of the random walk hypothesis, and the closely related efficient-market hypothesis which states that random price movements indicate a well-functioning or efficient market. CEIR and WFS
In 1961 he left the University of London and took a position as the managing director (later chairman) of a consulting company, CEIR (later known as Scientific Control Systems), and in the same year began a two-year term as president of the Royal Statistical Society.In the 1960s he published and co-edited a number of volumes and monographs in statistical theory. In 1972, he became director of the World Fertility Survey, a project sponsored by the International Statistical Institute and the United Nations which aimed to study fertility in developed and developing nations. He continued this work until 1980, when illness forced him to retire. Honours
He was knighted by the British government in 1974 for his services to the theory of statistics, and received a medal from the United Nations in 1980 in recognition for his work on the World Fertility Survey. He was also elected a fellow of the British Academy and received the highest honour of the Royal Statistical Society, the Guy Medal in Gold. He additionally had served as president of the Operational Research Society, the Institute of Statisticians, and was elected a fellow of the American Statistical Association, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, the Econometric Society, and the British Computer Society. At the time of his death in 1983, he was honorary president of the International Statistical Institute.Notes

<mask>'s first wife, Sheila (née Lester), predeceased him. He was survived by their daughter and two sons, and by his second wife, Ruth (née Whitfield) and their son. References

 Alan Stuart and Keith Ord, <mask>'s Advanced Theory of Statistics Volume 1 – Distribution Theory (Sixth Ed. ), 1994. Presidents of the International Statistical Institute
Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
Fellows of the British Academy
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the British Computer Society
British operations researchers
Knights Bachelor
Members of HM Government Statistical Service
Civil servants in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
English civil servants
English statisticians
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of the London School of Economics
English mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
People from Kettering
1907 births
1983 deaths
Fellows of the Econometric Society
20th-century economists

masks:
Maurice George Kendall
Kendall
Maurice Kendall
John Roughton Kendall
Kendall
Kendall
Kendall
Kendall
Kendall
Family Kendall
Kendall


title: Patricia Robins

texts:
<mask> (1 February 1921 – 4 December 2016) was a British writer of short stories and over 80 novels mainly romances from 1934 to 2016, she also signed under the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer, she had sold more than ten million copies. She served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II tracking Nazi bombers. Robins came from an artistic family. Her mother was the popular romance writer <mask>, who sold more than one hundred million copies and was the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966). Her maternal grandmother was the writer K. C. Groom and her maternal grandfather was Herman Klein, a musician. Her maternal uncle was Adrian Cornwell-Clyne, who wrote books on photography and cinematography, another uncle was an artist, as is her daughter. Biography
<mask> was born on 1 February 1921 in Hove, Sussex, England, the second daughter of <mask>, a corn broker on the Baltic Exchange and <mask>, a prolific author, who sold more than one hundred million copies, and the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966).She had two sisters, Eve Louise and Anne Eleanor. She was educated at Parents' National Educational Union at Burgess Hill, Sussex, and also in Switzerland and Germany. Her mother encouraged her to write, and at 12 she published her first children's novella in 1934. She worked as junior editor in a woman's magazine editorial and published short stories. Thanks to her knowledge of German, she served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II. She tracking Nazi bombers with the fledgling British radar system in a top-secret RAF filter room. Not until 2013 she received recognition, because of the confidential nature of her work.During the war she also went on to write contemporary romance novels like her mother, she also published some children's stories. In 1947, she married former RAF pilot Donald Clark, they had three children, Ian, Nicky and Graeme. Because her husband's job, the family lived in many countries, including Libya. After their divorce, she started a relation with Mel Hack and moved to 400-year-old former barn in rural Kent. In the 1967 she started to use the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer to write Gothic romances, and later family sagas. Some of her early novels were reedited under different titles and as Clare Lorrimer. In her late years, she devoted more time to her eight grandchildren, Emily, Jemma, Polly, Charlotte, Thomas, Arthur, Max and Tilly, but she continued writing until her death.In 2007, she published her autobiography You Never Know as Claire Lorrimer. In March 2016, she was given the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Romantic Novelists' Association. She died on 4 December 2016 in Hove. Bibliography
Some of her novels have been reedited under different titles or as Clare Lorrimer.

masks:
Patricia Robins
Denise Robins
Patricia Denise Robins
Arthur Robins
Denise Robins


title: Petro Grigorenko

texts:
<mask> or <mask>  (, ,  – 21 February 1987) was a high-ranking Soviet Army commander of Ukrainian descent, who in his fifties became a dissident and a writer, one of the founders of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union. For 16 years, he was a professor of cybernetics at the Frunze Military Academy and chairman of its cybernetic section before joining the ranks of the early dissidents. In the mid-1970s <mask> helped to found the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, before leaving the USSR for medical treatment in the United States. The Soviet government barred his return, and he never again returned to the Soviet Union. In the words of Joseph Alsop, <mask> publicly denounced the "totalitarianism that hides behind the mask of so-called Soviet democracy." Early life
<mask> was born in Borisovka village in Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day
Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). In 1939, he graduated with honors from the Kuybyshev Military Engineering Academy and the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia.He took part in the battles of Khalkhin Gol, against the Japanese on the Manchurian border in 1939, and in the Second World War. He commanded troops in initial battles following 22 June 1941. During the war, he also commanded an infantry division in the Baltic for three years. He went on a military career and reached high ranks during World War II. After the war, being a decorated veteran, he left active career and taught at the Frunze Military Academy, reaching the rank of a Major General. In 1949, <mask> defended his Ph.D. thesis on the theme "Features of the organization and conduct of combined offensive battle in the mountains." In 1960, he completed work on his doctoral thesis.Over 70 of his scientific works on military science were published. Dissident activities

In 1961, <mask> <mask> started to openly criticize what he considered the excesses of the Khrushchev regime. He maintained that the special privileges of the political elite did not comply with the principles laid down by Lenin. <mask> formed a dissident group — The Group for the Struggle to Revive Leninism. Soviet psychiatrists sitting as legally constituted commissions to inquire into his sanity diagnosed him at least three times — in April 1964, August 1969, and November 1969. When arrested, <mask> was sent to Moscow's Lubyanka prison, and from there for psychiatric examination to the Serbsky Institute where the first commission, which included Snezhnevsky and Lunts, diagnosed him as suffering from the mental disease in the form of a paranoid delusional development of his personality, accompanied by early signs of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Lunts, reporting later on this diagnosis, mentioned that the symptoms of paranoid development were "an overestimation of his own personality reaching messianic proportions" and "reformist ideas."<mask> was not responsible for his actions and was thereby forcibly committed to a special psychiatric hospital. While there, the government deprived him of his pension despite the fact that, by law, a mentally sick military officer was entitled to a pension. After six months, <mask> was found to be in remission and was released for outpatient follow-up. He required that his pension be restored. Although he began to draw pension again, it was severely reduced. He became much more active in his dissidence, stirred other people to protest some of the State's actions and received several warnings from the KGB. In 1968, after <mask> protested the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, arrested and ultimately committed to a mental hospital until 26 June 1974 after 5 years of detention.As <mask> had followers in Moscow, he was lured to the far-away Tashkent. While there, he was again arrested and examined by a psychiatric team. None of the manifestations or symptoms cited by the Lunts commission were found there by the second examination conducted under the chairmanship of Fyodor Detengof. The diagnosis and evaluation made by the commission was that "<mask>'s [criminal] activity had a purposeful character, it was related to concrete events and facts... It did not reveal any signs of illness or delusions." The psychiatrists reported that he was not mentally sick, but responsible for his actions. He had firm convictions which were shared by many of his colleagues and were not delusional.Having evaluated the records of his preceding hospitalization, they concluded that he had not been sick at that time either. The KGB brought <mask> back to Moscow and, three months later, arranged a second examination at the Serbsky Institute. Once again, these psychiatrists found that he had "a paranoid development of the personality" manifested by reformist ideas. The commission, which included Lunts and was chaired by Morozov, recommended that he be recommitted to a special psychiatric hospital for the socially dangerous. Eventually, after almost four years, he was transferred to a regular mental hospital. On 17 January 1971 <mask> was asked whether he had changed his convictions and replied that "Convictions are not like gloves, one cannot easily change them". In 1971, Dr. Semyon Gluzman wrote an in-absentia psychiatric report on <mask>.Gluzman came to the conclusion that <mask> was mentally sane and had been taken to mental hospitals for political reasons. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Gluzman was forced to serve seven years in labor camp for defending <mask> against the charge of insanity. Amnesty International declared <mask> a prisoner of conscience. <mask> became the key defender of Crimean Tatars deported to Soviet Central Asia. He advised the Tatar activists not to confine their protests to the USSR, but to appeal also to international organizations including the United Nations. <mask> was one of the first who questioned the  official Soviet version of World War II history. He pointed out that just prior to the German attack on June 22, 1941, vast Soviet troops were concentrated in the area west of Białystok, deep in occupied Poland, getting ready for a surprise offensive, which made them vulnerable to be encircled in case of surprise German attack.His ideas were later advanced by Viktor Suvorov. After publishing Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov's book Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power, <mask> made and distributed its copies by photographing and typewriting. In 1976, <mask> helped found the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. In the United States
On 20 December 1977, <mask> was allowed to go abroad for medical treatment. His health was ruined during forcible confinement in KGB-run mental hospitals. On 30 November 1977, <mask> arrived in the United States and was stripped of his Soviet citizenship. In <mask>'s words, Leonid Brezhnev signed the decree of depriving <mask> of Soviet citizenship on the ground that he was undermining the prestige of the Soviet Union.The 1970s marked a peak in the use of external exile as a punitive measure by the Soviet Union (as opposed to the internal type, which was highest between the mid-1930s and early 1950s); often the pattern was that a trip abroad for work or medical treatment was transformed into permanent exile. In the same year, <mask> became a U.S. citizen. Being in USA since 1977, <mask> took an active part in the activities of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group foreign affiliate. On 23 July 1978, <mask> made a statement condemning the trials of Soviet dissidents Anatoly Shcharansky, Aleksandr Ginzburg and Viktoras Petkus. In 1979 in New York, <mask> was examined by the team of psychologists and psychiatrists including Alan A. Stone, the then President of American Psychiatric Association. The team could find no evidence of mental disease in <mask> and his history consistent with mental disease in the past.Their findings were drawn up and publicized by Walter Reich. <mask>'s case confirmed accusations, Stone wrote, that psychiatry in the Soviet Union was at times a tool of political repression. <mask> <mask> described his life and views, and his assessment by Soviet psychiatrists and periods of incarceration in prison hospitals in his 1981 memoirs V Podpolye Mozhno Vstretit Tolko Krys… (In the Underground One Can Meet Only Rats…). In 1982, the book was translated into English by Thomas P. Whitney under the title Memoirs and reviewed by Alexander J. Motyl, Raymond L. Garthoff, John C. Campbell, Adam Ulam, Raisa Orlova and Lev Kopelev. In 1983, he said he considered the American political-economic system to be "the best that mankind has found to date." In 1983, a stroke he suffered left him partially paralyzed. <mask> died on 21 February 1987 in New York City.In 1991, a commission, composed of psychiatrists from all over the Soviet Union and led by Modest Kabanov, then director of the Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute in St Petersburg, spent six months reviewing <mask>'s patient files. They drew up 29 thick volumes of legal proceedings, and in October 1991 reversed the official Soviet diagnosis of <mask>'s psychiatric condition. In 1992, an official post-mortem forensic psychiatric commission of experts met in Ukraine. They removed the stigma of being a mental patient and confirmed that there were no grounds for the debilitating treatment he underwent in high security psychiatric hospitals for many years. The 1992 psychiatric examination of <mask> was described by the Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal in its numbers 1–4 of 1992. Family

<mask> <mask> was married to Zinaida Mikhailovna <mask> and they had five sons: Anatoly, Georgi, Oleg, Viktor and Andrew. Two of them died as children.In 1975, Andrew, an electrical engineer, was declared to have inherited his father's insanity. He was expelled from the USSR to the US, two years before <mask> and Zinaida <mask> themselves travelled to the United States. Andrew was repeatedly told that since his father was mentally ill, then he was also mad. If he did not stop speaking out in defense of human rights and his father, they told him, he would also be sent to the psikhushka. Subsequently, <mask>orenko Foundation, dedicated to the study of his father's legacy. Name spelling versions
The different Latin spellings of <mask>'s name exist due to the lack of uniform transliteration rules for the Ukrainian names in the middle of the 20th century, when he became internationally known. The correct modern transliteration would be <mask> Hryhorenko.However, according to the American identification documents of the late general the official spelling of his name was established as <mask> <mask>. The same spelling is engraved on his gravestone at the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of St. Andrew in South Bound Brook, New Jersey, USA. The same spelling is also retained by his surviving American descendants: son Andrew and granddaughters Tatiana and Olga. Honours and awards

 Soviet Union

 Ukraine

In Kharkiv the local Georgy Zhukov Avenue was renamed to Petro Grigorenko Avenue to comply with decommunization laws (this was several times undone by the Kharkiv city council).

masks:
Petro Grigorenko
Petro Hryhorovych Hryhorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
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Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Andrew Grigorenkorig
Grigorenko
Petro
Petro
Grigorenko