title: David Hager

texts:
W<mask> is an American physician with a medical board certification in obstetrics and gynecology. In the fall of 2002, <mask>, a leading conservative Christian voice on women's health and sexuality, was appointed to the Advisory Committee for Reproductive Health Drugs in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) by U.S. President George W. Bush. Family life
In 1970, <mask> married Linda Carruth Davis, the daughter of a Methodist evangelist. Together they had three sons. <mask> and <mask>'s marriage ended by divorce in 2002. In November 2002 Linda, herself a religious and political conservative, was remarried to James Davis, a United Methodist minister. In 2003 <mask> married Lexington physician Kathleen Martin; in 2007, Martin filed for divorce from <mask>.Education and certification
<mask> in 1964 was graduated from Jessamine County High School in Nicholasville, Kentucky. <mask> received his undergraduate degree from Asbury College where his father, <mask>, was the college president. Hager graduated from medical school at University of Kentucky in 1972, and completed an ob/gyn residency at University of Kentucky in 1976. <mask> has been board certified in obstetrics and gynecology since 1978. <mask> is a practicing gynecologist in Lexington, Kentucky. After completing his OB/GYN residency, <mask> was a clinical research investigator for sexually transmitted diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta from 1976 to 1978. He had a faculty position at Emory University from 1976 to 1978, and has been a part-time "professor" at the University of Kentucky since 1978.("Though his resume describes <mask> as a University of Kentucky professor, a university official says <mask>'s appointment is part time and voluntary and involves working with interns at Lexington's Central Baptist Hospital, not the university itself." Time citation below)  His research interests include mastitis, post-operative infections, Group B Strep infections, and vaginitis. <mask> was president of Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology from 1996 to 1998. He was also named as one of the "Best Doctors in America" in both 1994 and 1996. Other present and past affiliations include, the Focus on the Family's Physician Resource Council and the Christian Medical and Dental Society's Physician Resource Council. <mask> was previously a  member of Asbury College's board of trustees. Additionally, President George W. Bush appointed <mask> to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel in May 2008.Controversy over FDA advisory committee appointment
<mask>'s appointment became more divisive when on May 6, 2004, the FDA rejected the December 16, 2003 Advisory Committee 23 to 4 vote to drop the prescription-only status of emergency contraception, and refused to approve the sale of Plan B over the counter. First, The Nation, and then The Washington Post and Lexington Herald-Leader reported that <mask> spoke at Asbury College in Wilmore, Kentucky, about his role in persuading the FDA to keep Plan B a prescription-only drug. Hager said, "I was asked to write a minority opinion that was sent to the commissioner of the FDA. For only the second time in five decades, the FDA did not abide by its advisory committee opinion, and the measure was rejected." Further concerns with his candidacy arose with his beliefs and medical assertions penned in the book "Stress and The Woman's Body", co-written with his ex-wife Linda Carruth-Davis. In the book, his writings emphasized the "restorative power of Jesus Christ in one's life" and recommended specific Scripture readings and prayers for such ailments as headaches and premenstrual syndrome. Publications

Journal articles
 Hager WD.Treatment of metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis with tinidazole: case reports of three patients. Sex Transm Dis. 2004 Jun;31(6):343-5
 Stanford JB, Hager WD, Crockett SA.The FDA, politics, and plan B. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jun 3;350(23):2413-4; author reply 2413-4. Larsen JW, <mask> WD, Livengood CH, Hoyme U. Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of postoperative infections. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol.2003;11(1):65-70. Fitch JT, Stine C, Hager WD, Mann J, Adam MB, McIlhaney J. Condom effectiveness: factors that influence risk reduction. Sex Transm Dis. 2002 Dec;29(12):811-7. <mask>, W., Schuchat, Anne, Gibbs, Ronald, Sweet, Richard, Mead, Philip, Larsen, John W. PREVENTION OF PERINATAL GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION: CURRENT CONTROVERSIES Obstet Gynecol 2000 96: 141-145
 McGregor JA, <mask> WD, Gibbs RS, Schmidt L, Schulkin J. Assessment of office-based care of sexually transmitted diseases and vaginitis and antibiotic decision-making by obstetrician-gynecologists.Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 1998;6(6):247-51. <mask> WD, Barton JR. The treatment of sporadic acute puerperal mastitis. IDOG 1996;4:97-101. McGregor J, <mask> WD, Eschenbach DS, Mead P, Sweet RL, Gibbs RS. Modes of practice in OB-GYN infections.Obstet Gynecol 83:631-36, 1994. Barton JR, Thorpe EM, Shaver DC, <mask> WD, et al. Nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with maternal infection with syphilis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 167:56, 1992. <mask> WD, Rapp RP, Billeter M, Bradley BB. The choice of an antibiotic for women undergoing non-elective cesarean section. J Anti Agents and Chemo 35:1782,1991.<mask> WD, Bird M, Callahan JC, Frank AL, <mask>L, Engelberg J. Promiscuity and public health: some clinical and ethical issues. Hosp Pract. 1990 Sep 15;25(9):63, 66, 69-70+
 Hager WD, Sweet RL, Charles D, Larsen B. Comparative study of mezlocillin versus cefotaxime single dose prophylaxis in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Current Therapeutic Research, 45:63-9, 1989. Books
 Hager WD, Hager LC. STRESS AND THE WOMAN'S BODY.Fleming H. Revell, a division of Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996. Mead P, Hager WD. INFECTION PROTOCOLS FOR OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY. Medical Economics Company, Montvale, New Jersey, 1992, Revised 1998. <mask> WD, Joy, D Women at Risk: The Real Truth about Sexually Transmitted Disease. Footnotes

Sources
Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) GYNECOLOGIST EXPECTS TO BE OFF PANEL May 13, 2005  Frank Lockwood
Lexington Herald-Leader (KY) A PHYSICIAN AND A LIGHTNING ROD JUNE 12, 2005 Sarah Vos

External links
Time Online - Jesus and the FDA
Memo May Have Swayed Plan B Ruling Washington Post FDA Received 'Minority Report' From Conservative Doctor on Panel May 12, 2005  Marc Kaufman

American obstetricians
American medical researchers
Asbury University alumni
University of Kentucky alumni
People from Lexington, Kentucky
People from St. Louis County, Missouri
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Food and Drug Administration people

masks:
. David Hager
Hager
Hager
David
Linda Hager
Hager
Hager
Hager
Hager
Cornelius Hager
Hager
Career Hager
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David Hager
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David M
Hager


title: Hiroko Yamanaka

type: original

texts:
, more commonly known simply as <mask> (styled in capitals) and nicknamed  or Cat's Eye, is a retired Japanese female mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. She fought for Invicta FC, Strikeforce and Jewels, and was the final Smackgirl Open Weight Champion. Yamanaka announced her retirement on . Early life
Yamanaka was born on  in Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan. Through a personal friend's suggestion, Yamanaka initially took on mixed martial arts for health and fitness purposes only. After time, she found the sport of MMA agreed with her physicality and became more involved, fighting her first official match in May 2006. Mixed martial arts career
Her first MMA fight was a draw against Mariko Fujimoto in a match with Smackgirl amateur rules on  at S-Keep: Eggs Fight 4.Her next fight was in the Super Gals Mix Cup Open Weight Tournament 1st Round against Rie Murakami, whom Yamanaka defeated by unanimous decision on  at Smackgirl: Legend of Extreme Women. This was her professional debut. Yamanaka would go on to win the Super Gals Mix Cup Open Weight Tournament by defeating Yuiga by unanimous decision on  and Michiko Takeda by split decision on . On  at Smackgirl: Queens' Hottest Summer, Yamanaka defeated champion Yoko Takahashi by unanimous decision and won the Smackgirl Open Weight Championship, becoming the fourth and final title holder. Yamanaka was defeated for the first time in a non-title bout as part of the Open Weight World ReMix tournament by Hitomi Akano, who submitted Yamanaka with an armbar on  at Smackgirl: World ReMix 2008 Second Round. This was Yamanaka's last fight in Smackgirl since the promotion folded in the following months. Yamanaka made her debut in the Jewels promotion on , defeating Mayumi Aoki by unanimous decision at Jewels 1st Ring.At Jewels 2nd Ring on , Yamanaka once again faced Michiko Takeda and defeated her for the second time; this time by TKO at 3:25 of the second round. On , Yamanaka defeated Josh Barnett's student Shannon Hooper by unanimous decision during the event Jewels 3rd Ring. Yamanaka would avenge her only loss at Jewels 7th Ring when she defeated Hitomi Akano by split decision on . Unlike their first open-weight match, this match was contracted at  and, for the first time in her career, Yamanaka had to cut weight; cutting more than 20 lbs. On , Yamanaka defeated Atsuko Emoto by unanimous decision at Jewels 8th Ring. Emoto announced her retirement after the fight. Debuting with the Shoot boxing promotion, Yamanaka won by forearm choke submission against Australian Muay Thai kickboxing champion Sandy Furner on  in an MMA bout at Shoot Boxing: Girls S-Cup 2010.<mask> was originally set to face Olympic freestyle wrestling Bronze medal winner Randi Miller, but Miller was forced to withdraw due to injury. On , <mask> was announced as facing Miller at Jewels 11th Ring on December 17. However, the fight was later cancelled. <mask> faced Molly Helsel instead and defeated Helsel by TKO in the second round. Yamanaka faced Bolormaa "Esui" Erdenebileg at Jewels 15th Ring on . She defeated Esui by armbar submission in the second round. On September 23, 2011, Strikeforce announced that <mask> would debut for the promotion against featherweight champion Cris Cyborg.The fight took place at Strikeforce: Melendez vs. Masvidal on . Yamanaka lost the bout via TKO 16 seconds into the first round. On January 6, 2012, the bout's result was changed to a no decision due to Cyborg having tested positive for anabolic steroids. <mask> faced Germaine de Randamie at Strikeforce: Rousey vs. Kaufman on  in San Diego, California. She was defeated by unanimous decision. <mask> made her Invicta Fighting Championships debut against Ediane Gomes at Invicta FC 4: Esparza vs. Hyatt on . She was defeated by unanimous decision.On August 6, 2013, Yamanaka announced her retirement on her official blog, thanking her fans for their support and saying she would like to continue to support her team, Master Japan, in the future. Submission grappling
Yamanaka made her debut in submission wrestling in the 2006 Smackgirl Grappling Queen Tournament, being defeated by American fighter Roxanne Modafferi by decision. She fought two more times on  at Gi grappling 2008, first winning against Akiko Naito and then losing against Sayaka Shioda. Shoot boxing career
Yamanaka debuted in Shoot boxing on  at the 2009 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup. She faced Mayumi "Super Benkei" Aoki, whom Yamanaka had previously defeated in MMA, and won the fight by TKO in round one. On , Yamanaka faced Megumi Yabushita in a shoot boxing match at the 2011 Shoot Boxing Girls S-Cup. She won the fight by TKO (doctor stoppage) after Yabushita suffered a knee injury in round three.|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
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|-
| Win
| align=center| 1-0
| Rie Murakami
| Decision (unanimous)
| Smackgirl: Legend of Extreme Women
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| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
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Submission grappling

Legend:

Shoot boxing record

Legend:

Championships and accomplishments
 Smackgirl Open Weight Champion
 Super Gals Mix Cup Open Weight Tournament winner

See also
List of female mixed martial artists

References

External links
 Hiroko Yamanaka Awakening Profile

Profile at Fightergirls.com
Jewels profile
Official blog
Official blog (old) (Internet Archive)
 Official Strikeforce Fighter Profile

1978 births
Living people
People from Kisarazu
Japanese female mixed martial artists
Featherweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Japanese female kickboxers
Japanese Muay Thai practitioners
Female Muay Thai practitioners
Sportspeople from Chiba Prefecture

masks: Hiroko Yamanaka Yamanaka Yamanaka Yamanaka Yamanaka Yamanaka


title: Bob Simpson (cricketer)

texts:
<mask>  (born 3 February 1936) is a former cricketer who played for New South Wales, Western Australia and Australia, captaining the national team from 1963/64 until 1967/68, and again in 1977–78. He later had a highly successful term as the coach of the Australian team. He is also known as <mask> or Simmo. <mask> played as a right-handed batsman and semi-regular leg spin bowler. After ten years in retirement, he returned to the spotlight at age 41 to captain Australia during the era of World Series Cricket. In 1986 he was appointed coach of the Australian team, a position he held until being replaced by Geoff Marsh in July 1996. Under <mask>'s tutelage, the team went from a struggling team, losing a succession of Test series, to the strongest team in world cricket.Some of the team's greatest achievements in his time as coach were winning the 1987 World Cup, regaining The Ashes in England in 1989, and overcoming the previously dominant West Indies on their home grounds in 1995. He also coached county cricket in England, with Leicestershire and Lancashire. Early years

Born to Scottish immigrants from Falkirk, <mask> grew up in the inner-southwestern Sydney suburb of Marrickville. His father Jock was a printer and played soccer for Stenhousemuir in the Scottish League, his grandfather Harry played briefly for Stoke, and the 1910s England international player Jock <mask> was also a relative. <mask> was encouraged as a schoolboy by his two elder brothers Bill and Jack, who played in first division Sydney Grade Cricket for many years. He began his own career as a fast bowler and batsman who played in any position. He showed early leadership skills, captaining Marrickville West Primary School and later Tempe Intermediate High School.He captained 14-year-olds at the age of 12. In his early years, <mask> was also a talented golfer, baseballer and soccer player, and was known for being a confident and tenacious competitor. He raised money to buy his first set of golf clubs by collecting lost balls from Marrickville Golf Course and selling them second hand. Even at a young age, <mask> was known as an unrelenting competitor. He appealed loudly against brother Jack for leg before wicket (lbw) in a club match in spite of a loud edge; the umpire did not hear the favour and upheld the appeal. In a match in 1956, <mask> appealed for lbw against John Shaw after he had been hit in the head by a low bouncer from Pat Crawford, whereas his teammates were busy coming to the aid of the injured batsman. <mask> said "I was a naturally ambitious person anyway and never had any doubts I could go further.It sounds cocky but I always believed in my own talents." At 12, he was selected for New South Wales in the Under-14 Competition. He switched to leg spin at the age of thirteen, and a week after turning 15 he was playing for Petersham's First XI in Sydney Grade Cricket after hitting string of centuries in the under-16 competition. <mask> had his first taste of first-class cricket as a slips fieldsman, having previously fielded on the boundary. Coming on as 12th man, Keith Miller casually pointed him to the slips, which in that era was against convention, as substitutes were expected to not field in close catching positions. He took two diving catches to establish his position in the cordon. First-class debut

He was still 11 days shy of his seventeenth birthday when he was selected to make his Sheffield Shield debut as a middle order batsman for New South Wales against Victoria in the 1952–53 season.He had played only 12 first grade matches prior to this. When he arrived to meet his teammates, Australian vice-captain Arthur Morris asked him where his nappies were. At the age of 16 years and 354 days, this made him the second youngest cricketer to be capped for New South Wales, just three months older than teammate Ian Craig when he made his debut. He scored 44 and 8, without being dismissed in either innings. According to Haigh, "Great protectiveness was felt towards such a boy among men." From the last ball of a drawn match, <mask> attempted to run two, but his misjudgment saw him caught short by half the pitch. Nevertheless, umpire Hugh McKinnon turned down the appeal, and after Victorian captain Sam Loxton reacted angrily, the arbiter said "it's the last ball of the game and his first match".<mask> took his maiden wicket during the match, catching Test player Ian Johnson from his own bowling. <mask> then scored 69 in the next match against South Australia, his only other innings and match for the season. The 1953–54 season was a purely domestic one, with no international team touring. New South Wales were the strongest state at the time with many Test players and won the first of nine consecutive Sheffield Shield titles, and <mask> found it difficult to break into the team at full strength. He played two matches at the start of the season, and two more at the end of the summer; New South Wales won all of these fixtures except the first, which was drawn. <mask> had few opportunities with the bat because of the strong batting line-up; he was only required to bat six times and his two highest innings of 58 and 42 were ended when New South Wales reached their target, leaving him unbeaten. He ended with 147 runs at 36.75, and had more success with the ball, taking 14 wickets at 27.85.<mask>'s bowling was prominent in the last two matches; he took 5/37 in the second innings against Western Australia, bowling four of his victims, and then took 4/38 and 2/83 against South Australia as New South Wales won both matches. The following season in 1954–55, <mask> had more chances in the New South Wales middle order as the Test players were often playing for Australia against the touring English cricket team. However, he failed to make the use of this, scoring only 123 runs in the first seven innings and was in and out of the team. He then struck form against Victoria, scoring 104 of New South Wales' 234. This was pivotal in a low-scoring match as Victoria made only 86 and 158 and helped New South Wales to a nine-wicket win. <mask>'s final match of the season was against the Englishmen. He made six in the first innings as both teams made 172.In the second innings, <mask> reached 98, when light drizzle began to fall and English captain Len Hutton decided to engage in mind games by ordering his men to leave the ground even though the umpires had not adjourned the match. When the visitors returned to the field, <mask> feared another rain delay would stop him reaching his century, so he charged English spinner Johnny Wardle and was stumped. Nevertheless, he helped his state to inflict a rare defeat on Hutton's men; they had won the Tests convincingly 3–1 and had otherwise not been beaten on the tour. The end-of-season run-scoring pushed <mask>'s tally for the season to 331 at 33.10; he bowled only in the first two matches of the summer, totalling 1/58. At the start of the 1955–56 season, <mask> was hit in the nose by a bouncer, forcing him to have two operations. However, he missed only one Shield match against Victoria and played in the remainder of New South Wales' matches, despite the presence of the Test players for the full season, which was purely domestic. <mask> failed to make the most of his opportunities with the bat; in 11 completed innings, he reached 20 on nine occasions, but failed to convert the starts into big scores.His best scores was 79 and 57, and he was dismissed between 20 and 43 seven times. He ended the season with 406 runs at 36.90, and had little success with the ball, taking two wickets at 97.50 at the expensive economy rate of 5.73. <mask> was overlooked for selection for the 1956 tour of England, much to the surprise of English skipper Peter May. Australia lost its third consecutive Ashes tour and in doing so suffered two successive innings defeats, something that it had not suffered for 68 years. <mask> was under pressure to hold his place in the team, so he moved to Western Australia at the end of the 1955–56 season. At the age of 20, he changed professions from accounting with the Sydney Water Board to journalism, having been given a newspaper editorial post with the Daily News in Perth. During the time, he lived in the house of Fremantle Cricket Club President <mask>ne.Early international career
After the 1956 Ashes series, captain Ian Johnson and vice-captain Keith Miller both retired, creating more openings in a struggling national team. After a slow start for his adopted state, <mask> hit form in December, registering a sequence of 75, 97, 26, 96 and 112 not out, the latter two scores coming in a match against Queensland. Towards the end of the season, <mask> was selected for Lindwall's XI for a match against Harvey's XI. These matches were typically used as a selection trial for the 22 strongest players in the country. <mask> failed to make significant impact, scoring 35 and 10, and he ended the season with 572 runs at 47.66. He had another ineffective summer with the ball, taking two wickets at 95.50. <mask> was one of many young players—eight of whom were uncapped—selected in an Australian side which toured New Zealand under Ian Craig in 1956–57.Australia was in a rebuilding phase and Test selection was at stake. He scored 263 runs at 43.83 in the first-class matches, including two half-centuries. <mask> played in all three matches against New Zealand, and scored 47, 67, 26 not out, a duck and 8 not out. His 67 was the top-score in the first innings of the second representative match. In the following season, <mask> was selected for the Test tour of South Africa in 1957–58. Ian Chappell suggests that <mask> was included "mainly for his catching." The young Australian team was derided as the worst to leave Australian shores.In the tour matches leading up to the Tests, <mask> performed consistently. He scored 103 against Transvaal and 53 not out against Eastern Province, and totaled 304 runs at 60.66 in seven matches ahead of the Tests. Although his form during the Tests was poor, <mask> added 150 against Griqualand West and scored 671 runs at 47.92. This earned <mask> his debut against South Africa in the First Test at Johannesburg. He compiled 60 in the first innings before being trapped leg before wicket by Hugh Tayfield. He took three catches and scored 23 not out in the second innings. He struggled in the remaining four Tests, with only 53 more runs in the remaining five innings to end with 136 runs at 22.67 in the Tests.His catching form was exceptional, yielding 13 catches in the five Tests and playing a factor in his retention in the team. In all <mask> took 26 catches in 16 matches. He took two wickets at 64.50 in the first-class matches, and managed 6/61 in a non-first-class match against the South African Country Districts. Unsatisfied with these performances, he sought the advice of vice-captain Neil Harvey, who advised him that he was playing too square on while defending on the back foot. After his unconvincing performances with the bat in the South African Tests, <mask> needed runs at the start of the 1958–59 season to retain his position in the national team for the Ashes series against England. His first two matches of the season were for Western Australia and a Western Australia Combined XI against the Englishmen, and he scored 60 and 17. In three further Shield matches, he continued his habit of not converting starts into larger scores, registering scores of between 31 and 67 in all six innings with three half-centuries.Up to this point, he had scored 364 runs at 52.00, and <mask> was selected for the Australian XI match against May's Englishmen, effectively a dress rehearsal for the Tests. He failed in both innings with two and a duck, and the hosts were crushed by 345 runs. <mask> was overlooked for selection for the First Test at Brisbane against England. Norm O'Neill, who had scored 1,003 runs at 83.75 in the previous season, while <mask> was in South Africa, took his middle-order position. Peter Burge failed in the First Test, resulting in <mask>'s recall for the Second Test at Melbourne. <mask> made a duck in his only innings as Australia won by eight wickets and was subsequently omitted for the remainder of the series. At the time, Australia had three all rounders who were capable with the bat:Ken Mackay, Richie Benaud and Alan Davidson.This meant that Australia needed only five specialist batsmen and in the Fifth Test of the series, only four were used in order to accommodate an extra bowler. <mask> was facing heavy competition for a Test position. <mask> scored 91 runs in four innings in the remainder of the season, which was not enough for him to force his way back into the Test team. It was another sparse summer with the ball for <mask>, who took two wickets at 41.50. In the Southern Hemisphere winter in 1959, <mask> played a season in the Lancashire League in England as Accrington's professional player, receiving a 950-pound contract. He scored 1,444 runs at 103.14, returning a better statistical analysis than Gary Sobers, and took 47 wickets at 20.82. <mask>'s top-score of 122 not out came against Ramsbottom and added another triple-figure score against Bacup, and his season included 11 consecutive fifties including a century, seven of which were unbeaten.In all, he scored two centuries and 14 fifties in 26 innings. He took five-wicket hauls three times with a best of 6/40 against Nelson. Despite this, <mask> was not selected for the squad for the series against India and Pakistan on the 1959–60 tour of the Indian subcontinent. He started the season with a campaign with a Commonwealth XI in South Africa. In three matches, <mask> continued to suffer problems in converting his starts into large scores. He made 204 runs at 40.80; all his scores were between 31 and 58. He had more success with the ball than in previous seasons, taking five wickets at 19.20.<mask> returned to Australia, he had a productive period in the Sheffield Shield for Western Australia, rectifying his prior problem of not capitalising on his starts. On the advice of Harvey, he reinvented himself as an opening batsman in an attempt to exploit the opportunity opened by the retirement of Test opener Jimmy Burke. At the start of the 1959–60 Australian season, he scored 98 and took a total of 2/77 in a drawn match against Victoria. In the next match, <mask> broke through for his maiden double-century, posting 236 not out in Western Australia's 4/487 declared against New South Wales. In contrast, <mask>'s native state could manage a match total of only 382 in an innings defeat, as he took 1/17 and 5/45. <mask> then made his second double-century in as many innings, posting 230 not out in an innings win against Queensland, more than 57% of his team's runs. His innings of 79 in the draw against South Australia was his lowest score of the season and ended the summer with 98 and 161 not out against New South Wales, carrying his bat in the second innings of a defeat and again scoring the majority of his state's runs for the match.<mask> reflected that "I spent two years turning myself into an overnight success." These efforts yielded a total of 902 runs at 300.66, and nine wickets at 38.66. He was selected for a non-Test tour of New Zealand by Australia's Second XI, as the first-choice team was still in the subcontinent. Playing as an opener, he scored 418 runs at 69.66 in four representative matches. This included an unbeaten 129 in the third match that guided Australia to an eight-wicket win. During this period, <mask> transformed into a less flamboyant and more solid player who eschewed the hook shot and swayed backwards to avoid short balls. He also took 10 wickets at 27.60 in the international matches, including 4/80 in the second innings of the second fixture.Just prior to the next Australian season, <mask> was selected for the International Cavaliers team that toured South Africa and Rhodesia. He played in four matches and scored 428 runs at 71.33, including a 178 against Transvaal and 128 against the South African Invitation XI. He took nine wickets at 35.44, including 4/110 against Natal. Consolidation

1960–61 Season
In the first match of the new Australian season, <mask> scored 87 out of Western Australia's modest 140 against the touring West Indies. After the visitors collapsed for 97, <mask> then added 221 not out and took a total of 2/69 to help defeat the Caribbeans. He was then selected for an Australian XI in a virtual Test trial against the West Indies, but made only a duck and 17 and took a total of 1/103. In the last two matches before the Tests, against South Australia, <mask>'s batting tapered off with 120 runs in four innings, but he was in fine form with the ball, taking a total of 11/206.Nevertheless, as a result of his strong domestic form, <mask> was recalled to the Test team for the 1960–61 home series against the West Indies, as an opener partnering Colin McDonald. He had a consistent series, scoring 449 runs at 49.44. <mask> figured prominently in the First Test at Brisbane, which was the first Tied Test in history. He scored his highest score to date, 92 in the first innings and took match figures of 3/43, in his first success bowling display at Test level. His first Test wicket was Joe Solomon, hit wicket in the first innings, before removing the batsman again in the second innings. Australia were set 233 for victory and <mask> made a duck. The hosts collapsed to 6/92 before a 134-run stand took them to 6/226 before another late flurry of wickets led to a tie.<mask> continued his all-round form in the next two Shield matches, taking 11 wickets in total, including a 106 and a match total of 7/87 in a ten-wicket win over Victoria. He followed this with 49 and 27* as Australia took the series lead with a seven-wicket win in the Second Test in Melbourne. <mask> then scored 70 and 149 for the Tasmania Combined XI in a loss to the West Indians, scoring more than half of the team's runs. After failing to pass 20 as the series was leveled in the Third Test, <mask> contributed 85 in a Fourth Test draw in Adelaide. <mask> saved his best performance for the deciding Test in Melbourne, scoring 75 in the first innings to complement match figures of 3/106. He removed the tourists' leading batsman Garry Sobers in both innings, caught behind by Grout, ending with a total of 3/106 from 36 overs. He had to bowl heavily as captain and front-line leg spinner Richie Benaud was increasingly troubled by a chronic shoulder injury.Australia was set 258 for victory in the second innings with the series

masks:
Robert Baddeley Simpson
Bobby
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
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Simpson
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Simpson
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Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
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Bob Ballanti
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
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title: Bob Simpson (cricketer)

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 poised at 1–1. <mask>'s captain Richie Benaud instructed him to immediately attack West Indian spearhead Wes Hall at the start of run chase. Hall bowled at extreme pace and <mask> was aiming to seize the initiative. He struck four consecutive boundaries and took 18 runs from the first over, hooking and driving. <mask> reached 27 in 14 balls and Hall was withdrawn from the attack, resulting in an ovation from the crowd. <mask>'s start enabled Australia to reach 1/57 at stumps before completing a two wicket victory after a middle-order stumble, completing a 2–1 series win. <mask> scored 92, the top score for the match, and finished with 445 runs at 49.44 for the series.He returned to his native state of New South Wales after 60–61, after four seasons for Western Australia, in which he produced 2470 runs at 79.67. Playing for an assortment of teams in three warm-up matches before heading off for his first Test tour of England, <mask> struck 71, 108, 78 and 30, and took five wickets at 53.60. 1961 Tour of England
During the 1961 tour to England, he began his celebrated opening partnership with Bill Lawry, when the Victorian broke into the Australian team. Initially, <mask> was moved into the middle-order so that Lawry could open with McDonald. This occurred after Lawry scored heavily in the tour matches ahead of the Tests, scoring several centuries, whereas <mask> failed to make the most of his starts. In his first six county matches, <mask> reached double figures six times in ten innings. He passed 25 on all six occasions, but only passed fifty once, scoring a 72 against Yorkshire.<mask> struck form in his last two matches before the Tests. Against the Marylebone Cricket Club, which fielded several Test players, he struck an unbeaten 92 in an unbroken 186-run opening stand with Lawry in the second innings to set up a match-winning declaration, and took a total of 4/105 with his leg spin. He then broke through for his maiden first-class ton on English soil, striking 148 in an innings win over Oxford University. He ended the lead-in matches with 569 runs at 52.72 and 17 wickets at 30.05 including 4/13 and 3/56 against Surrey and Lancashire. With Benaud continuing to be hampered by his shoulder, <mask> would often bowl heavily throughout the English summer. <mask> started well on his return to the Test middle-order scoring 75 in Australia's only innings of 9/516 in the drawn First Test at Edgbaston. He did not bowl in the first innings, but after Benaud's shoulder gave way in the second innings, <mask> sent down 34 overs as a makeshift lead spinner.He struggled against the hosts' batsmen, taking 1/87 and removing Ted Dexter for 180 as the English amassed 4/401 to stave off defeat. With Benaud still injured, he took five wickets in the next two county fixtures, totalling 56 overs. He continued to make starts without going on to complete big scores, compiling three innings between 35 and 65. <mask> was unable to pass 20 in the next two Tests, which were shared. In the Second Test at Lord's in the absence of Benaud, <mask> took 1/32 from 19 overs in the second innings, removed Ray Illingworth caught at leg slip from a googly immediately after stand-in captain Harvey moved himself to the position. In between these Tests, he struck a 103 against Lancashire. In the Third Test at Headingley, <mask> made two and three and went wicketless as England levelled the series with an eight-wicket win.He was prominent in the Fourth Test when he started his pairing with Lawry at the top of the order at Old Trafford. An Australian victory would result in a 2–1 lead and the retention of the Ashes. Their first Test stand together was not successful; <mask> fell for four as Australia made only 190. After taking 4/23 in the English first innings, removing Ken Barrington for 78 and cleaning up the tail with three more wickets, despite which England had a first-innings lead of 177. He scored 51 in the second innings in a century stand with Lawry—the first by either team in the series—which allowed Australia to reach set a winning target on the last day. Early on, England appeared destined for the target, as Dexter plundered 21 from <mask>'s first four overs. However, the English batsman fell and <mask> did not concede a run in his remaining four overs.He claimed the wicket of Fred Trueman as England collapsed to be all out for 201 on the final afternoon to cede the Ashes. After the triumph at Old Trafford, <mask> had a run of heavy-scoring in the county matches before the final Test, scoring 116, 132 and 6, and 160, ending unbeaten in all but the last innings, against Glamorgan, Warwickshire and Yorkshire. He added a further 3/21 and 3/48 in the last of these matches, although the hosts still managed to hang on for a draw. Aside from the effort at Manchester, <mask>'s Test series was otherwise unproductive, with 191 runs at 23.88 and seven wickets at 32.71. He finished with 40 in a drawn Fifth Test at the Oval. After the Tests, <mask> continued his habit of not converting his starts into large totals, making five consecutive scores between 20 and 62 before scoring 121 in his final first-class innings of the season against TN Pearce's XI. He was also punished by opposition batsmen in the last three matches in England, conceding a century in an innings three times, including a 1/139 from only 15 overs in the second innings against Pearce's XI.1961–62 Season
The 1961–62 season was purely domestic and <mask> returned to his native state as they completed a ninth consecutive Sheffield Shield win. New South Wales won six of their eight matches, of which <mask> played in all. He recorded solid results without being spectacular, with an unbeaten 110 in addition to five half-centuries, although two of these were not out. He saved his best performance for the two wins over arch-rivals Victoria. He scored 110 and took a total of 4/99 in the first match. In the second match, he contributed in each innings. After taking 3/66 as Victoria batted first, he scored 95 to help New South Wales take a 63-run lead.<mask> then took 3/31 in the second innings and made an unbeaten 67 as his native state cantered to a ten-wicket win. He removed Lawry twice in the two matches. Apart from the ten wickets against the Victorians, <mask> had little success with the ball totalling 13 wickets at 42.30. He aggregated 636 runs at 48.92 for the Shield campaign. At the end of the season, <mask> was part of an International XI that toured New Zealand and played against local teams as well as outfits from Pakistan and India. In five matches, he hit three centuries, including two 167s, and three half-centuries, all of which were undefeated to end with 663 runs at 132.60. His bowling was less successful, with 11 wickets at 46.63

1962–63 Season
<mask> started the 1962–63 season looking to rectify the disparity between his prolific run-scoring at first-class level and his modest returns in the international arena.He started the Australian summer in fine form, scoring a century in each of his four games ahead of the Tests against Dexter's touring Englishmen. Three of these centuries—109 and 66 not out, 130 and 9, and 110—came in matches against the English visitors. His bowling against the tourists was not as effective totalling 4/239. <mask> started solidly in the international matches, scoring twin half centuries in the drawn First Test in Brisbane, although he was punished with the ball, registering 1/100 from 25 overs. After Australia went 1–0 down in Melbourne, <mask> totalling 52 and going wicketless, <mask> produced a match-winning all round performance in the Third Test in front of his home crowd in Sydney to help Australia level the series. On a dry surface where almost the entire square was devoid of grass, <mask> took his Test best innings haul of 5/57, removing specialist batsmen Colin Cowdrey and Geoff Pullar after they had been set, and then cleaning up the tail to restrict England to 279. He then scored 91 to help Australia accumulate a first-innings lead of 40.England were then dismissed in their second innings for 104, leaving a victory target of just 65. <mask> made an aggressive unbeaten 34, with English captain Ted Dexter plundered for 27 runs in his three overs. A storm hit the ground and stayed for two days just after Australia reached the target, which could have washed out the match and saved England. As the last two Tests were drawn, this was the difference between Australia retaining and losing the Ashes. <mask> was not prominent in the last two matches. He scored 71 in the second innings of the Fourth Test but made 32 and two ducks in the other innings, and took a total of 2/163 in the last two Tests, conceding more than four runs per over. He ended the series with 401 runs at 44.56 and eight wickets at 46.13.<mask> continued to be prolific away from the Tests, scoring 205 against Western Australia in a Shield match. <mask> took a total of 22 wickets for the season. Captaincy
New South Welshmen and senior Test players Neil Harvey and Alan Davidson retired at the end of the 1962–63 season, with <mask> being elevated to the vice-captaincy of both NSW and Australia (under Richie Benaud) at the start of the 1963–64 season. In his first innings of the season, <mask> made his highest first-class score of 359, against Queensland, scoring more than half of his team's 661 in an innings win. Playing for a Western Australia Combined XI against the touring South Africans at Perth, <mask> and Benaud combined for a 237-run partnership in the second innings, with <mask> making 246, having scored only four in the first innings. In the next match for New South Wales against Western Australia, <mask> hit an unbeaten 247 as Benaud's men amassed 1/425 declared. Up to this point he had scored 856 runs at 285.33 for the season in four innings.In the second innings, he was dropped down the order to allow other players an opportunity, and he was not required to bat as New South Wales reached their target of 262 with nine wickets in hand. However, <mask>'s form peaked ahead of the Tests. He made 41 in his next four innings in tour matches against the South Africans ahead of the Tests, including three scores of no more than one. The First Test against South Africa at Brisbane was drawn and is remembered for the no-balling of Ian Meckiff, which ended his career as Benaud refused to bowl him again. <mask> scored 12 and 34 and took a solitary wicket. After the game, Benaud injured himself in a grade match so <mask> captained NSW for the first time and scored 135 against Victoria. A few days later in the Second Test at Melbourne, with Benaud still absent, <mask> led Australia for the first time.<mask>'s appointment to the top job raised eyebrows in some quarters, as he had a reputation for being abrasive, and others had been more successful and experienced at domestic level. Lawry had led Victoria to the Sheffield Shield in 1962–63 and Western Australia's Barry Shepherd had also been praised for his aggressive and bold leadership. At the time <mask> had scored only 1246 runs at 32.78 and taken 22 wickets at 39.40 in 23 Tests and had not scored a century. <mask> was leading an inexperienced team with Benaud, Harvey and Davidson all gone; only Wally Grout and himself remained from the Tied Test team three years earlier. He scored a duck and 55 not out, being at the crease as Australia scored the winning runs to take a 1–0 lead in the series. Benaud then informed the Board of Control that he would be retiring at season's end, so it was arranged for Benaud to return to the team and play under <mask> to give the latter experience for the forthcoming tour of England. Australia lost the Fourth Test heavily by ten wickets, the other two matches were drawn, and the series finished 1–1.<mask> scored half-centuries in both the Third and Fourth Tests and ended the series with 361 runs at 40.11 average. His combination with Lawry consistently propelled Australia to solid starts, posting at least 50 in each of their opening stands. However, he continued to be plagued by an inability to convert his starts into large scores at the highest level of competition. He passed 25 in 8 of his 10 innings for the series, but could only manage three fifties. As a captain, <mask> was less willing to bowl, taking only two wickets for the Test series, and only four wickets in seven first-class matches since taking up the top job. Despite his heavy scoring at first-class level, <mask> was yet to hit a Test century when he arrived with his team in England in 1964. After making a slow start to the tour and not passing 31 in his first four innings, <mask> struck form after the first week of May.He passed 50 in seven consecutive innings, making 125 against Somerset, 138 and 55 against Surrey, 57 against Glamorgan, 95 against Cambridge University, and 105 and 52—both not out—in a nine-wicket win over the MCC. He augmented this with 4/48 against Surrey. The first three Tests continued <mask>'s frustrating personal run in Test cricket. He made 50 in the First Test at Trent Bridge, but did not pass 30 in the next two Tests, twice falling after reaching 20. Australia led 1–0 after winning the Third Test at Headingley. Arriving for the Fourth Test at Old Trafford, Australia required only to draw to retain the Ashes, because a win for England in the final Fifth Test would yield a 1–1 series draw. <mask> hit form in the three county matches leading up to the Test at Manchester, scoring 117 against Leicestershire and scoring fifties in the last three innings.He had also taken eight wickets in four innings. On a flat, batsman-friendly pitch, <mask> won the toss and elected to bat. Having scored more than 40 first-class centuries, he was still looking for his first Test ton. <mask>'s plan was to bat as long as possible to ensure that defeat would be avoided and the Ashes retained. <mask> and Lawry gave Australia an ideal start with a solid opening partnership, which yielded 201 runs, before Lawry was run out for 106. <mask> then slowly progressed through the 90s before reaching his first Test century. Speaking of his relief at reaching the milestone, <mask> recalled "I don't know of any player who was on the international scene as long as I without scoring a century.I was feeling a bit silly about it by this stage." <mask> continued on his quest of batting England out of the game. Following the dismissal of Ian Redpath (19), Norm O'Neill (47) and Peter Burge (34), Brian Booth went about building the sixth-wicket partnership on the second day. <mask> combined in another double century stand, 219, before Booth was out for 98. <mask> was 265 at the close of play, and resumed Australia's innings. This time, he was in an aggressive mood, scoring a further 46 runs in 40 minutes before being dismissed for 311. Australia declared at 8/656.<mask>'s 13-hour innings was the longest by an Australian at first-class level. He joined Don Bradman as the second Australian to have made a Test triple century in England. <mask> became only the second man in cricket history to score a triple ton as his first Test century, the other being Sir Garfield Sobers. Later in December 2016, an Indian cricketer Karun Nair, joined this elite club when he scored 303 not out, as his maiden century against England at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai

<mask>'s safety-first approach was severely criticised. The Daily Mail called it the "murder of Test cricket": at one stage, six journalists in the press box were seen to be sleeping while he was batting. <mask> defended his tactics, asserting that with a series lead, batting England out of the match was the best way to retain the Ashes. The tactic paid off as the match ended in a high-scoring draw and the Ashes were retained.Another draw in the Fifth Test at The Oval, in which <mask> scored 24, ensured that Australia won the series 1–0. Despite a persistent thumb injury, <mask> scored 458 runs at 76.33 in the five Tests, and 1,714 runs (including five centuries) for the tour. Apart from their double century effort at Old Trafford, <mask> and Lawry passed 50 for the opening wicket on only one occasion. <mask> took his career-best innings bowling figures during the tour, claiming 5/33 against Glamorgan. During the tour, <mask> drew attention for a possible breach of the Australian Cricket Board's rules on players writing about cricket. <mask> had been given permission to write in London's Daily Express, but his columns were syndicated in Australian newspapers. However, the board cleared <mask> of any wrongdoing.Australia then made a brief tour of the subcontinent during their return voyage, playing three Tests against India and one against Pakistan. These were played consecutively, with no other tour matches. <mask> continued his consistent performances, scoring 292 runs at 48.67 with three half-centuries in a 1–1 drawn series against India. His best performance was at the drawn Third Test at Eden Gardens in Calcutta where he scored 67 and 71 and took 4/45. India levelled the series with a narrow two-wicket win in the Second Test after Australia won the First by 139 runs. On the spinning tracks of India, <mask> bowled himself more often, ending with six wickets at 25.17, including a 4/45 in the first innings of the Third Test, as well as taking eight catches. At Karachi, <mask> struck 153 and 115 against Pakistan in a drawn Test to become the third captain to hit two centuries in the same Test.He ended the calendar year of 1964 with 1,381 Test runs, setting a world record aggregate. In 1964–65, <mask> led Australia on a tour of the Caribbean, which was marred by controversies over umpiring standards and the legality of West Indian Charlie Griffith's bowling action. To make life more difficult, some of the grounds had no sightscreens, making it even harder to see the ball. Griffith also dragged his foot, bringing him around a metre closer to the batsman before releasing his balls at extreme pace. <mask> initially struggled against Griffith, failing to pass 30 in the first three Tests as Australia conceded a 0–2 lead. He scored only 87 in five innings, but had success with the ball, capturing 4/83 in the second innings of the Second Test at Trinidad. Adjusting his technique, <mask> scored 201 in the Fourth Test at Barbados, where he set an Australian record opening stand of 382 with Lawry.The match was drawn, but Australia managed a consolation win in the Fifth Test, to which <mask> contributed 72 and 34 not out. His average for 399 runs was 49.88 and he took 11 catches. <mask> made his displeasure

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title: Bob Simpson (cricketer)

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 regarding Griffith known to the Australian board, and this was relayed to the West Indian administrators. International twilight

<mask>'s appearances during the 1965–66 Ashes series were intermittent. He missed the First Test due to a broken wrist, which ended in a draw under the leadership of Booth. He returned for the Second Test at Melbourne, scoring a half-century in both innings of a drawn match. Chickenpox forced him to miss the Third Test, which Australia lost by an innings.It was the first time that Australia had lost by an innings since 1956, and the selectors responded by dropping four players including Booth. On his return for the Fourth Test at Adelaide <mask> made 225, making 244 runs in 255 minutes with Lawry, the highest opening stand by Australia against England and still the highest against England in Australia. Australia claimed a decisive innings victory to level the series and a draw in the Fifth Test allowed Australia to retain the Ashes. <mask> topped the batting averages with 355 runs at 88.75 average. In 1966–67, <mask>'s captaincy was widely criticised when Australia were soundly defeated 1–3 during the tour of South Africa. The series started well for <mask> as he scored 65, 48, 153 and 18 and took eight wickets in the first two Tests at Johannesburg and Cape Town. The series was level after the two matches.However, Australia's performances fell away thereafter, and <mask> 's 94 in the Third Test at Durban was his only other contribution above 40. For the second time, <mask> was ardent in his criticism of the local umpiring during a major tour. During the 1967–68 series against India, <mask>'s all-round performances were exceptional. He scored 55 and 103 in the First Test at Adelaide, then scored 109 and took 4/49 in the Second Test at Melbourne. Australia won both Tests, the second by an innings. After deciding that he would retire at the end of the season, <mask> was omitted for the Third Test so that other players could have international experience before the 1968 tour of England. <mask> returned to the team for the Fourth Test at Sydney in front of his home crowd.In his international farewell, he played under the captaincy of Lawry. <mask> recorded his best Test match figures of 3/39 and 5/99, and claimed five catches in another Australian victory. His final series yielded 294 runs (at 58.80 average), 13 wickets at 16.38 and seven catches. Retirement and comeback
Retired from Test cricket, <mask> toured England in 1968 as a member of the press gallery and later worked in public relations. He looked after promotion and marketing earnings for cricketers in an era where they struggled to survive financially. During the 1975–76 season, he had organised for both Australian and West Indian players to market shampoo and deodorant, and he helped to find sponsors for the Australian team. He also called for the revival of the Cavaliers XI concept to boost the popularity of cricket.He wrote a book titled Captain's Story, in which he expressed his anger against bowlers that he believed to have bowled with an illegal action. His former teammate Meckiff took issue with the contents and sued for libel. After five years of litigation, <mask> settled out of court and apologised to Meckiff. When Test cricket was devastated by the breakaway World Series Cricket in 1977, <mask> made a comeback after a decade in retirement to captain New South Wales and Australia at the age of 41. All of Australia's first-choice players had defected apart from Jeff Thomson. <mask> had been playing for Western Suburbs in Sydney Grade Cricket but had not been playing at first-class level for a decade. His first assignment was a five Test series against India, and <mask> began where he left off a decade earlier.He top-scored with 89 in the second innings of the First Test in Brisbane, before scoring 176 and 39 as Australia won in Perth. <mask> failed to pass double figures in the Third Test in Melbourne, and made 30s in both innings in Sydney, as the Indians won two consecutive Tests to level the series. <mask> responded with 100 and 51 in the deciding Fifth Test in Adelaide as Australia scraped to a 3–2 series victory. <mask> totalled 539 runs at 53.90 and took four wickets. He then led Australia on a tour of the West Indies, then the strongest team in the world. He made only one half century, 67 in the Third Test in Georgetown, Guyana. It was the only Test that Australia won in a 3–1 series loss.He had a disappointing series scoring 199 runs at 22.11 and taking seven wickets at 52.28. <mask> wanted to continue playing Tests as Australia hosted Mike Brearley's Englishmen in 1978–79. His players wanted him to continue, but the Australian Cricket Board voted him out and installed Graham Yallop as the skipper. During his comeback, he had accumulated his 60th first-class century against Barbados during the Caribbean tour and become the oldest Australian to score a Test century on home soil. <mask> retired after the tour at the age of 42. He had scored 5,317 runs for New South Wales at 53.17. In Sydney Grade Cricket, he scored 10,111 runs at 61.65 and took 186 wickets at 23.62.Playing style
In his prime <mask> was known for his technical correctness. At slightly below average height, his noted ability to bat for long periods was attributed to his high fitness and concentration levels. He had a wide array of shots, in particular off the back foot. Along with Bill Lawry, he formed an opening partnership that was regarded as one of the finest in Test history. <mask> was fast between the wickets, and the pair were especially well known for their understanding, as exemplified by their fluency in rotating the strike with quick singles. <mask>'s stance was easy and his style attractive, the result of a change of technique in the late 1950s when he turned from playing too square-on to side-on. <mask> found that it made all the difference to him in dealing effectively with the in-dipper and going-away balls.Standing 179 cm and weighing , <mask> was most effective as an attacking batsman. <mask> was best known for his straight-drive and powerfully hit square-cut, as well as an on-drive taken from his toes. He rarely played the hook shot, regarding it as risky, and used the pull shot in moderation. Early in his career, <mask> had a square-on stance but converted to a more side on position, finding it easier to deal with swing bowling. As a bowler, <mask> had a heavy dependence on the leg-break, noting that his overuse of the googly often lead to erratic performance. He was regularly used at Test level as an occasional leg spin bowler, averaging more than one wicket per Test, and twice taking five wickets in an innings. He totalled 349 wickets at 38.07 in 247 first-class matches, including six five wicket hauls.A fine slips fielder, he was regarded as the best of his era, and was fast enough to catch flies with his hands. He took 110 catches, setting a world record in Tests, at nearby two catches per Test, a rate higher than any other non-wicketkeeper. As Australia's Test captain, <mask> was described by Gideon Haigh as having "flint in his fibre" and a "drill sergeant among skippers". <mask> had a strong belief in discipline, work ethic and the subordination of the individual to the needs of the team. When he later returned as coach of the Australian team when it was going through a barren run in the mid-1980s, he gained a reputation for being a disciplinarian coach who raised fitness and fielding standards to a higher level. His methods sometimes caused conflict with players, but by his retirement in 1996, Australia had regained its position as the world's leading Test nation. Coaching career

In 1986, <mask> took over as coach of an Australian team which was young, demoralised and regarded as soft.A considerable turnover of players due to constant failure in the past eighteen months had seen the likes of Steve Waugh, David Boon, Dean Jones, Craig McDermott and Geoff Marsh all make their debuts under captain Allan Border. Prior to his first series, the tour of New Zealand, Australia had not won a series for two years. In that period they managed three wins, 11 losses and eight draws. His appointment bore little initial fruit. They won none of their eleven Tests in 1986, and lost three. By the end of the 1986–87 Australian season, Australia had only won two of their last 22 Tests, and none of their last 14. They had gone three years without winning a Test series.The 1987 Cricket World Cup heralded the start of more prosperous times for Australian cricket. Rank outsiders, Australia defeated hosts India by one run in the opening match, and New Zealand twice by three and 17 runs respectively. They capitalised on these hard fought wins to take five victories from their six-round robin matches. They then defeated Pakistan by 18 runs after inducing a late collapse in the semifinal, and then claimed the title by seven runs with a similar late surge over England in the final. The success spilled into the Test arena, with the 1987–88 home season yielding saw Australia's first Test series victory for four years, with a 1–0 series victory over New Zealand. The season was completed with one-off Tests against England and Sri Lanka respectively, which ended in a draw and win respectively. The 1988–89 season began with a tour of Pakistan.Australia were unable to end the 29 year streak without a win on Pakistani soil, 1–0. <mask> and Border were criticised for their outspoken criticism of the umpiring and doctored pitches. It was typical of the hard nosed approach they had brought to the team, with Border being given the epithet "Captain Grumpy". <mask> was unable to guide his team past the dominant West Indies, who toured Australia in 1988–89 and took a 3–1 Test series victory, but he was able to regain the Ashes with a 4–0 result on the 1989 tour, which also saw opener Mark Taylor establish himself as a Test match player; Taylor later became captain under <mask>. The 1989–90 Australian season saw further growth, as the Australia played one, two and three Tests against New Zealand, Sri Lanka and Pakistan respectively. <mask>'s men won a Test each against Sri Lanka and Pakistan, while the others were drawn. It was the first Australian season in six years where they were undefeated.The 1990–91 season saw another comfortable Ashes series win, 3–0. Early 1991 saw a five Test tour of the West Indies, the first since the heavy 3–0 defeat in 1983. Australia had improved, managing a 2–1 loss. The 1991–92 Australian season saw a heavy 4–0 win in a five Test series over India, but was marred by Australia's ignominious 1992 Cricket World Cup campaign on home soil. The pre-tournament favourites, they were eliminated in the group stages, coming fifth. The 1992–93 saw another tour to Australia by the West Indies, the only team against which <mask> was yet to record a series victory as coach. After taking a 1–0 series lead into the Fourth Test, <mask>'s team lost by one run, failing to seal the Frank Worrell Trophy.This left the series to be decided in the Fifth Test at the WACA Ground in Perth, a ground at which the West Indies had then never lost a Test match. Australia were unable to regroup and succumbed to the pace of the West Indies, whose fast bowling was enhanced by the bouncy surface of the pitch. Australia collapsed from 1/58 in the first innings to be dismissed for 119, with Curtly Ambrose taking a spell of 7/1. Australia were crushed by an innings within three days, and victory over the Caribbeans again eluded them. 1993 saw a return to England for another Ashes tour. Australia won the series 4–1, and returned home to claim the Trans Tasman Trophy with a comfortable 2–0 victory over New Zealand at home in late 1993. This was followed by two drawn series, home and away against South Africa, the first competition between the teams post-apartheid.At the end of the 1993–94 Border retired. The four previous seasons had seen the team strengthening introductions of Mark Waugh, Shane Warne, Michael Slater and Glenn McGrath in each of the respective seasons. The Waugh brothers, along with Taylor, Slater and Boon were to be the core of Australia's batting lineup which was to re-establish the nation at the top of international cricket in the following years. Warne revived leg spin, believed to be the dying art, and was to become the leading wicket-taker in Test history, while McGrath became the leading wicket-taking fast bowler in Test history. With Taylor taking over as captain, Australia headed to Pakistan in late 1994. Despite having the ascendancy for most of the First Test, they lost by one wicket, and after two high scoring draws in which they held the initiative, Australia suffered a 1–0 series loss, still unable to win a match in Pakistan since 1959. Australia then took a 3–1 home Ashes series victory in 1994–95, and then finally reclaimed the Frank Worrell Trophy with a 2–1 series win in the Caribbean in mid-1995, thereby establishing themselves as the leading Test team in the world.After the match, Taylor took the winning cricket ball to <mask>, who at the time was recovering from a blood clot in his leg. After 2–1 and 3–0 series win over Pakistan and Sri Lanka at home in 1995–96, <mask> made his coaching swan song at the 1996 Cricket World Cup on the Indian subcontinent, where Australia overcame a forfeit to Sri Lanka in the group phase due to a Tamil Tiger bombing. After narrow wins over New Zealand and the West Indies in the quarter and semifinals, they lost in the final to Sri Lanka. Coaching legacy

<mask> inherited an Australian cricket team which had not won a series for three years, and had gone fourteen Tests without a victory. It was a team plagued by a lack of direction with unsettled personnel. His appointment saw Australia win the World Cup within one year, and steady improvement in Test results. Instilling <mask> along with Border had transformed it into one of the strongest teams in international cricket by the 1990s, and with the defeat of the West Indies in 1995, was regarded as the leading Test team in the world.The core group of players cultivated by <mask> went on to strengthen Australia into the overwhelmingly dominant cricketing nation in the decade after his retirement. Under Taylor, Australia consolidated its position with a home series victory against the West Indies in 1996–97 and home and away wins over South Africa in 1997–98 before breaking a 39-year drought with victory in Pakistan. In 1999, Steve Waugh became captain on Taylor's retirement and in his five years as captain set a world record of 41 Test victories, including a world record of 16 consecutively. In 2004, Ricky Ponting, who made his international debut in <mask>'s last season, became captain and whitewashed Sri Lanka in an away series 3–0 and Adam Gilchrist, who filled in for Ricky Ponting for the first three matches of a four test series against India, sealed the series with an unassailable 2–0, lead with Australia eventually defeating India 2–1 on the subcontinent. It sealed Australia's first series win in India for 35 years, described as the "Final Frontier", and meant that Australia had defeated every other nation in each of their most recent home and away series against them. Since the 1999 Cricket World Cup, Australia has had an unbeaten streak of 28 World Cup matches and an unprecedented winning percentage of greater than 75% in Tests. With the retirement in 2007 of Warne and McGrath, the driving force between Australia's domination of the subsequent era with more than 1,200 Test wickets between them, the generation of players established under <mask>'s watch came to an end.Later coaching career

He coached Lancashire for two years, ending in September 2001. Earlier, he had coached Leicestershire. His insistence on hard work was less successful in England, and was often speculated to be due to a difference in psychology in the two countries. In late 2004, <mask> accepted a three-year contract to act as a cricket advisor to Rajasthan in the Ranji Trophy. He had served as a consultant to the Indian cricket team in the late 1990s. In the early 2000s, <mask> was part of the International Cricket Council's committee for dealing with throwing. In 2004, he condemned the ICC, claiming that it was soft on illegal bowling actions and that the number of illegitimate bowlers was at an all-time high.He asserted that officials were reluctant to crack down on high-profile bowlers with dubious actions, saying that it was encouraging young players to mimic their actions. <mask> was a traditionalist coach, tending to emphasise the fundamentals of batting, bowling and fielding. He has criticised the 21st century style of coaching, which has increasingly used computer technology, biomechanics and science to recommend playing techniques, stating that it had verged into "computers for computers' sake". He also coached the Netherlands national cricket team, overseeing a successful ICC Trophy campaign which saw them qualify for the 2007 Cricket World Cup. <mask> called for the Netherlands to be incorporated into the English domestic league so that they could gain more experience. Honours
<mask> was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1965 and inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985. He was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame in 2006 and the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame in 2013.He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1978 and upgraded to Officer of the order in 2007. He received an Australian Sports Medal in 2000 and a Centenary Medal in 2001. Notes

References

External links

Australian Cricket Hall of Fame inductees
Australia Test cricketers
Australia Test cricket captains
New South Wales cricketers
Western Australia cricketers
Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners
Commonwealth XI cricketers
International Cavaliers cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Australian cricket coaches
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Officers of the Order of Australia
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
1936 births
Living people
Australia One Day International cricketers
People from Marrickville
Australian cricketers
Coaches of the Australia national cricket team
Australian people of Scottish descent
Cricketers from Sydney
Coaches of the Netherlands national cricket team
Coaches of the Bermuda national cricket team
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Bermuda
Australian expatriate sportspeople in

masks: Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpsons Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson


title: Édouard Gaumont

texts:
<mask> born on June 30, 1915, in Cayenne, French Guiana, died on October 15, 2008,  was a French deputy of French Guiana, Lawyer and Infantry Captain. <mask> married Josèphe Madeleine Polycarpe with whom he has nine children including renowned professional musicians Eddy, Joëlle and Dominique. Biography. Coming from a modest background in Guyana, first a student at the Sisters of Saint-Joseph de Cluny school, then at Cayenne college. After his baccalaureate, it is alone, outside any university structure, that he works on his law degree, by going to Fort-de-France to take the exams. He validated his license at the Faculty of Law of Paris which he obtained in June 1938. He then left for Paris, where he concluded his studies with a doctorate in law, and at the same time prepared the.Mobilized when the war broke out, he spent nearly a year in the army as a second class soldier: after the defeat, Edouard <mask> briefly resumed his studies, and obtained a license in philosophy: then he enrolled at the end of 1940, as a lawyer at the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal. With the Liberation, Edouard <mask> stops his legal activities to embrace the career of the weapons: pupil of the Military school of the Infantry and the tanks of combat, he is at his exit, in 1946, affected at his request in Guyana; his rise in the military hierarchy is rapid, since he was appointed in 1949 commander of the colonial infantry company of Guyana; there, while doing his job as a soldier, he gives lectures and private lessons, and volunteers to lead the cultural activities of the Félix-Eboué home in Cayenne. His political activity began in 1948: he was an unsuccessful candidate in January for the partial legislative elections in Guyana, with a view to filling the seat left vacant by the death of René Jadfard; this failure brought him back to his military career, and it was in 1950, when he took temporary leave of his department of origin, that he was promoted to the rank of colonial infantry captain. He stood in the legislative elections under the label of the Rassemblement du Peuple Français (RPF), on June 17, 1951: with 2,099 votes out of 5,928 votes cast, he stole the only seat to be filled from the socialist  Léon Gontran Damas, and between in the National Assembly. Edouard <mask> was then appointed to the Economic Affairs Commission, to the Universal Suffrage, Rules and Petitions Commission and to the Justice and Legislation Commission. Expert in colonial issues, he took an active part in parliamentary work relating to Indochina: he was thus appointed member of the Commission responsible for investigating the traffic in Indochinese piastres, and appointed by the Economic Affairs Commission to be part, as a substitute member, of the Coordinating Commission for the examination of problems of interest to the Associated States of Indochina. When he requested from his electors, for the legislative elections of January 2, 1956, the renewal of his mandate, Edouard Gaumont did not fail to recall the consistency with which he defended the interests of Guyanese; still wearing the colors of Gaullism, this time under the label of Social Republicans, he obtained in the ballot of January 2, 1956 4,549 votes out of 7,671 votes cast.During the third legislature, Edouard <mask> was appointed full member of the Finance Committee, member of the Press Committee and member of the Justice and Legislation Committee. It is within the Finance Committee that his action is most notable: appointed by his peers to be part of the sub-committee responsible for monitoring and assessing the management of industrial companies and semi-public companies, he was also elected secretary of the Commission on July 17, 1957. During this last legislature of the Fourth Republic, Edouard <mask> did not take part in the ballot during the investiture of Guy Mollet (January 31, 1956); he votes for special powers in Algeria (March 12, 1956) and against the ratification of the treaties establishing the European Economic Community and Euratom (July 9, 1957). Retained in his department, Edouard <mask> could not participate in the investiture votes of Pierre Pflimlin (May 13, 1958) and General de Gaulle (June 1, 1958), or in the vote of full powers (June 2, 1958). From 1964 to 1974 Edouard was a member of the French Economic and Social Council. Testimonial
The political action of Edouard <mask> marked his department of origin as testified by Rodolphe Alexandre, mayor of Cayenne:

«Edouard <mask>, lawyer at the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal and philosopher with whom I was in constant contact, honored Guyana throughout his life. Insatiable, this child of Guyana, a student at the Military School of Infantry and Combat Tanks, will stand out as an excellent operational soldier, exceptionally under the subterfuge of the territory of Inini, in Guyana, as Commander of the company Colonial Infantry from Guyana, then as Colonial Infantry Captain.Edouard <mask>, as a Member of Parliament, also stood out in his capacity as a politician for having participated in changing the situation of Guyana within the National Assembly, in particular on the laws of departmentalization (Social Security, etc. ..)»

Parliamentary activity

But it is his parliamentary activity that requires his attention the most; it focuses primarily on issues relating to the economic and social development of the French overseas territories in general, and Guyana in particular; the most significant of his motions for resolution in this regard is that of June 1, 1954, which seeks the appointment by the National Assembly of a parliamentary commission of inquiry responsible for examining the conditions under which the administration operates in Guyana. prefectural and the various services, public establishments or bodies benefiting from State aid. Edouard <mask> votes the Marie and Barangé laws favorable to private education (September 21, 1951), and against the ratification of the treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (December 13, 1951). Refraining from the investiture vote of Antoine Pinay (March 6, 1952), he decided on the other hand in favor of Joseph Laniel (June 26, 1953), then of Pierre Mendés France (June 17, 1954). Edouard <mask> opposes the European Defense Community project by voting on the preliminary question which leads to its rejection (August 30, 1954); he votes for the ratification of the London agreements on the end of the occupation of Germany (October 12, 1954), and for the ratification of the Paris agreements which authorize the entry of Germany into Europe (December 29, 1954) . After having voted confidence in Pierre Mendès-France on Algeria (February 4, 1955, fall of the cabinet), he supported Edgar Faure (vote of confidence of February 23, 1955), but, retained in his department, did not take part in the vote on the voting method and the date of the elections which precipitated the fall of the Faure cabinet.References

1915 births
2008 deaths
People from Cayenne
French Guianan politicians
Rally of the French People politicians
National Centre of Social Republicans politicians
Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic

masks:
Édouard Gaumont
Edouard Gaumont
Gaumont
Gaumont
Gaumont
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title: Catherine Bauer Wurster

texts:
<mask>  (May 11, 1905 – November 21, 1964) was an American public housing advocate and educator of city planners and urban planners. A leading member of the "housers," a group of planners who advocated affordable housing for low-income families, she dramatically changed social housing practice and law in the United States. Wurster's influential book Modern Housing was published by Houghton Mifflin Company in 1934 and is regarded as a classic in the field. Early life
On May 11, 1905, <mask> was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey to <mask>, a self-educated homemaker, and <mask>. Her father, a state highway engineer, was an early advocate of superhighways and implemented the first cloverleaf interchanges in America while serving as New Jersey's Chief Highway Engineer. <mask>'s younger sister was <mask>ck, a curator and Director of the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and her brother was <mask>, Jr., an engineer. <mask> completed her secondary education at the Vail-Deane School in her hometown.She first attended Vassar College, spent one year as an architecture student at Cornell University, then transferred back to Vassar College from which she received her undergraduate degree in 1926. In 1926-1927, <mask> spent time in Paris, where she befriended Fernand Léger, Man Ray, and Sylvia Beach. Inspired by the city planning vision advanced by French architect Le Corbusier, <mask> published an article on his worker's apartments in suburban Paris. Professional career
Returning to New York City in 1927, <mask> worked at a number of publishing houses, eventually collaborating with American urban critic Lewis Mumford beginning in the late 1920s. It was at his urging that she became involved with the architects of change in post-World War I Europe, among them Ernst May, André Lurçat, and Walter Gropius. Convinced that good social housing could produce good social architecture, and moved by the visible ravages of the Depression, she became a passionate leader in the fight for housing for the poor and in 1934 accepted an appointment by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) to become Executive Director of the new Labor Housing Conference based in Philadelphia. Her book Modern Housing (1934) described the housing achievements <mask> had observed in Europe and lessons for the United States capturing attention of New Deal policy-makers who wanted to boost the economy through housing construction.In 1936 she was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship to study housing in Europe and the USSR. <mask> was the primary author of the Housing Act of 1937 and advised five presidents on housing and urban planning strategies. Following the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, she was named the Director of Information and Research for the newly formed United States Housing Authority, a federal agency of the Department of the Interior under the New Deal. She served as consultant and adviser to national, state, and local housing and planning agencies during the 1930s-1960s including the  Federal Housing Administration, the Housing and Home Finance Agency, and the California Housing and Planning Association. <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the influential documentary film The City, which was included in the 1939 New York World's Fair. In 1940, <mask> accepted a position as Visiting Lecturer at the University of California, Berkeley's School of Social Welfare. During the 1940s-1950s she lectured and led seminars at Harvard University, Cornell University, Mills College, and University of Wisconsin, and in 1950 joined the department of architecture at University of California, Berkeley.After her marriage to San Francisco area architect <mask>, whom she met while teaching at UC Berkeley in 1940, both withstood accusations of disloyalty by the Tenney Committee during the Red Scare of the 1950s. <mask>er contributed to the establishment of University of California, Berkeley's UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design and was also involved in founding the progressive architectural research group Telesis. She died in a fall during a solo hike on Mount Tamalpais, Marin County, California, on November 21, 1964. Legacy
A bust of <mask> Wurster is located in the Environmental Design Library at UC Berkeley. An Oscar Stonorov bust of Wurster adorns the Robert C. Weaver Federal Building's Main (South) lobby in Washington DC. The UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design's <mask> Wurster Award for Social Practice was established to recognize alumni who have made significant contributions in their professions. The building that houses the College of Environmental Design at Berkeley was renamed the <mask> Wurster Building in 2020 to clarify that it was named in honor of both <mask> and <mask> <mask>.Bibliography

References

Further reading
Oberlander, Peter and Newbrun, Eva. Houser: The Life and Work of <mask>. Vancouver, B.C. : University of British Columbia Press, 1999. De Jong, Judith K. “Houser: The Life and Work of <mask>, 1905-1964, by H. Peter Oberlander and Eva Newbrun.” Land Forum, no. 13 (January 1, 2002): 29–30. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bvh&AN=461614&site=ehost-live.Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.), Henry Russell Hitchcock, and <mask> Wurster. Modern Architecture in England. New York: The Museum of modern art, 1937. “Obituary.” Journal of Housing 21, no. 11 (January 1, 1964): 570–71. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bvh&AN=178873&site=ehost-live. External links

Guide to the <mask> Wurster Papers at The Bancroft Library

1905 births
1964 deaths
American architecture writers
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
Vassar College alumni
Harvard University faculty
Public housing in the United States
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
American urban planners
Women urban planners
20th-century American writers
American women architects
California women architects

masks:
Catherine Krouse Bauer Wurster
Catherine Krouse Bauer
Alberta Krouse Bauer
Jacob Bauer
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Elizabeth Bauer Mo
Jacob Louis Bauer
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Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
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William Wurster
Bauer Wurst
Catherine Bauer
Catherine Bauer
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William Wurster
Catherine Bauer
Wurster
Catherine Bauer
Catherine Bauer
Catherine Bauer
Catherine Bauer