title: Robert Simonds

texts:
<mask>. (born 1964) is an American film producer, entrepreneur and the founder, chairman and CEO of STX Entertainment, which creates, produces, distributes, finances and markets film (as STXfilms), television (as STXtelevision), digital media (as STXdigital), and live events and virtual reality (as STXsurreal). The company bridges the gap between China and the US, with additional partnerships around the globe (as STXinternational). According to The Wall Street Journal, in its first four years, Simonds more than tripled the company's valuation to an estimated US$3.5 billion. In September 2017, it was reported that STX was close to an initial public offering on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange (SEHK), and in April 2018, the company announced it had filed for an IPO. In October 2018, it was announced that STX would not go through with the IPO, as market conditions had changed. Prior to STX, Simonds was an independent film producer whose over 30 films have generated more than $6 billion in worldwide box office revenue. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Phoenix, Arizona, the son of <mask>., a businessman.He graduated from Yale University. Producing
From 1990 to 2012, Simonds produced over 30 Hollywood studio films, including the Adam Sandler films Billy Madison, Happy Gilmore, The Wedding Singer, Big Daddy and The Waterboy; Cheaper by the Dozen and The Pink Panther starring Steve Martin; and This Means War with Academy Award-winning actress Reese Witherspoon and Tom Hardy. Simonds has also produced a number of highly-profitable cult films, including Joe Dirt and Half Baked. STX Entertainment

Formation
In 2012, Simonds and Bill McGlashan, founder and managing partner of private equity firm TPG Growth, began conceptualizing and building a film, television and multimedia company that would make, market and distribute star-driven, commercial content to be distributed worldwide. In 2014, STX Entertainment was formally launched with financing led by TPG Growth, and the company later secured investments from Chinese private equity firm Hony Capital and other individuals including Gigi Pritzker and William "Beau" Wrigley, Jr. II. Serving as chairman and CEO of STX, Simonds hired entertainment industry veterans to build his executive team including former Viacom Entertainment Group COO Thomas B. McGrath and former CEO of Crest Animation Noah Fogelson. Former Universal Pictures chairman Adam Fogelson and former Disney and Fox production and marketing chief Oren Aviv soon followed.Discovery Communications' former CFO Andrew Warren and former Paramount Pictures and Condé Nast communications head Patricia Röckenwagner later joined the executive team. The company has multiple divisions: film (STXfilms), which includes animation and family content; television (STXtelevision), which includes scripted and unscripted content; and digital media (STXdigital); along with an international partnership and distribution arm headquartered in London (STXinternational). In 2016, the company received additional investment from Chinese Internet company Tencent and Hong Kong-based telecommunications company PCCW, and East West Bank's chairman and CEO Dominic Ng. In 2017, the world's largest international television and broadband company Liberty Global invested an undisclosed amount in the company. Funds from that round of financing will be used to continue to build STX Entertainment's TV division, further expand internationally and potentially make acquisitions. In March 2019, STX raised $700 million in new capital, in a round led by TPG Growth and Hony Capital, to help STX release more films, expand its TV business, and pursue acquisitions. STX Entertainment's Board of Directors is composed of investors and industry veterans including: Simonds, David Bonderman (founding partner of TPG Capital), John Zhao (CEO of Hony Capital), Gigi Pritzker (founder of MWM Studios), Janice Lee (managing director of PCCW Media Group), Tracy Cui (managing director of Hony Capital), Frank Biondi (former president and CEO of Viacom and former chairman and CEO of Universal Studios; senior managing director of WaterView Advisors), Dominic Ng (chairman and CEO of East West Bank), Carmen Chang (chairman of New Enterprise Associates), and Bruce Mann (chief programming officer of Liberty Global).STXfilms
At launch, the film division of STX focused its efforts on creating a new model. Rather than pursuing the traditional distribution process, the company secured direct distribution agreements with North American theater chains AMC, Regal, Cinemark, Goodrich, Marcus Theatres and Carmike Cinemas. In early 2015, the company signed a multi-year television output agreement to release films exclusively to Showtime Networks and its multiplex channels Showtime, TMC and Flix, covering STX theatrical releases through 2019. In April 2015, the company entered a multi-year partnership with Universal Studios Home Entertainment for Universal to handle marketing, sales and distribution services for Blu-ray, DVD and VOD platforms for STX theatrical titles in North America. That same month, STXfilms closed a three-year slate deal with Huayi Brothers, one of China's largest film studios, enabling the companies to co-produce and co-distribute 12 to 15 films annually. In 2015, STXfilms acquired its first film at the Toronto International Film Festival, purchasing the worldwide rights to Hardcore Henry for $10 million USD. In January 2017, STXfilms signed a three-year marketing and distribution agreement with Luc Besson's EuropaCorp Films USA to release their upcoming slate of films.STXfilms projects have included Bad Moms; Molly's Game; I Feel Pretty; Gringo with Amazon Studios; The Gift, written, co-produced and directed by Joel Edgerton; The Edge of Seventeen; The Foreigner starring Jackie Chan; Secret in Their Eyes starring Nicole Kidman and <mask>; The Boy; and Free State of Jones starring Matthew McConaughey. STXfilms announced The Happytime Murders starring Melissa McCarthy and the film was released on August 24, 2018; an untitled romantic comedy developed by and starring Anne Hathaway; and Second Act, a romantic comedy starring Jennifer Lopez and directed by Peter Segal and was released on December 21, 2018. STXtelevision
In 2014, the television division’s first project was the 13-episode series State of Affairs, starring Katherine Heigl and Alfre Woodard, which was sold to NBC. In 2015, STXtelevision produced the NBC pilot Problem Child, based on the 1990 film of the same name. In April 2016, the STXtelevision Chinese variety show Number One Surprise premiered on Hunan TV, and became the #1 show in China with over 1 billion total views. In May 2017, STXtelevision announced it had acquired the first TV project from Kevin Kwan, author of Crazy Rich Asians. In November 2017, STXtelevision announced Valley of the Boom, a docudrama about the 1990s tech boom from showrunner and director Matthew Carnahan and executive producer Arianna Huffington, set to air on NatGeo.STXtelevision produced season 23 of True Life, which aired on MTV in 2017. In February 2018, Fox and STXtelevision announced it is developing an unscripted series based on STXfilms' Bad Moms. In October 2018, STXtv received a pilot order from YouTube for The Edge of Seventeen, based on the film of the same name released by STXfilms in 2016. STXdigital
In August 2016, STXdigital acquired virtual reality (VR) studio Surreal, renaming it STXsurreal. Founded in 2015, in its first year Surreal produced over 70 immersive VR experiences. In June 2017, STXsurreal announced a partnership with media services agency Horizon Media to develop and produce VR and immersive content for the brand's new UNCVR unit. In 2018, STXsurreal announced a slate of original projects including The Limit, a live-action, short-form series from <mask> and starring Michelle Rodriguez; New Tricks, directed and produced by Ed Helms; and The Kiev Exchange, a spinoff of STXfilms' Mile 22.In December 2017, it was announced that STXdigital acquired the exclusive Chinese distribution rights to Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve from Dick Clark Productions (dcp), along with the Chinese distribution rights to the 2018 Golden Globes broadcast from dcp and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. STXdigital and Tencent partnered to broadcast both shows on Tencent Video. In January 2018, the companies announced they would also co-produce a live Chinese-language Golden Globes red carpet pre-show, to air live with the telecast. STXinternational
In April 2016, a dedicated international division (STXinternational) opened. Headquartered in London, the division is led by former Film4 head David Kosse. The division launched with a slate of six films that included Andy Serkis's directorial debut Breathe (which opened the 2017 London Film Festival), Home Again starring Reese Witherspoon, and Wind River starring Jeremy Renner and Elizabeth Olsen. Additional titles on the STXinternational slate include Ridley Scott's All the Money in the World, Morten Tyldum's The Marsh King's Daughter and Bart Layton's American Animals, and titles from the main STXfilms slate.In March 2019, John Friedberg was named president of STXinternational. Accolades
In 2014, for his work at STX, <mask> was featured as one of Hollywood's top dealmakers in Variety magazine's Dealmakers Impact Report. The Hollywood Reporter has named Simonds one of the 100 Most Powerful People in Entertainment in each of their annual rankings through 2018, since first publishing them in 2016. In 2017, Variety featured <mask> on their first annual Variety500: Entertainment Leaders and Icons list. He made the list again in 2018. Personal life
While attending Yale, Simonds dated actress Jennifer Beals. <mask> married Anne Biondi in 1999, and the couple live in Los Angeles with their son and four daughters.Around 2010, Simonds bought a house at Mulholland Estates for $4.7 million. Filmography

As producer

As executive producer

Television

As executive producer

References

External links

 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California Blue Ribbon Committee
  Nuverra Environmental Solutions Board of Directors
 Q&A With William McGlashan and <mask>ds Worth August/September 2014
 National Academy of Sciences Water Sciences & Technology Board Members

Living people
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Yale University alumni
STX Entertainment
American film studio executives
Film producers from Arizona
1964 births

masks:
Robert Bruce Simonds Jr
Simonds
Robert Bruce Simonds Sr
Julia Roberts
Robert Rodriguez
Simonds
Simonds
Simonds
Robert Simon


title: Knud Arne Jürgensen

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1952) is a Danish music-, opera-, ballet- and theater historian, dramaturg, curator of exhibitions, senior researcher, dr. phil. Biography
<mask> studied music and theater history at the University of Copenhagen from 1975 and for seven years, but had previously to his studies in musicology studied piano with professor Galina Werschenska and later at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. The combination of research in the fields of music, theater and dance has followed him since. During two periods in the late 1980s and mid-1990s, <mask> was a research fellow of the Danish Carlsberg Foundation. The work resulted in three English-language monographs on the Danish dancer, choreographer and ballet master August Bournonville, on whom Jürgensen has continued to work extensively which his considerable list of publications and several exhibitions testify to. An international theme exhibition at the Royal Danish Library, and a poster exhibition at The Royal Danish Theatre were carried out in the Bournonville jubilee-year 2005 marking the bicentenary of his birth. When <mask> in 1997 made his doctoral thesis (dr.phil., equivalent to Doctor of Music), it was with a music and theater historical thesis on the composer Giuseppe Verdi and the ballets in his operas, which resulted in Verdi ballet performances at the Berlin State Opera in 1999 (the ballet "Verdiana") and the Vienna State Opera in 2001 ("Verdi Ballet: Ein Maskenball"). He has furthermore written in-depth biographies of danish theater critics Herman Bang, Frederik Schyberg and Jens Kistrup and was chief editor and program author when the complete orchestral works by danish composer Hans Christian Lumbye were recorded during the period 1998-2004. In addition, he has reconstructed a number of forgotten choreographies of August Bournonville following the choreographer's original records. <mask> <mask> <mask> was also co-editor of the orchestral scores for the Bournonville ballet A Folk Tale (Et folkesagn) and a number of Lumbye works as a gift from the Royal Danish Library to Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II on her 60th birthday in 2000 and 70th birthday in 2010. Recently he has edited the CD-recording of Lumbye-works Fredensborgdage for the Royal Danish Lifeguards as a present on the occasion of Her Majesty Queen Margrethe II's 75th birthday in 2015. Professional career
<mask> was from 1998 to 2010 Head of the Drama Collection, research librarian, senior researcher and subject specialist in theater and performing arts at the Royal Danish Library. From 2011 to 2017 he has worked as exhibition curator, senior researcher and subject specialist at the Copenhagen Theatre Museum in the Court Theatre, where he has completed his most recent monographs on the late Danish theater critic Jens Kistrup, (published in 2012), and the first complete and annotated edition of the plays by Danish impressionist writer, Herman Bang (published in 2016).He has also been a Fellow at the Danish Academy in Rome from 2011 to 2012, where he has been working on editing and publishing the score for the Italian baroque opera Il Valdemaro by the Neapolitan composer Domenico Sarro, a work that represents one of the earliest operas based on a Scandinavian theme, and which appeared for the first time on print in a new critical edition in 2013. <mask> <mask> <mask>, who has been a member and trustee of several professional boards, has published more than 30 Danish and international monographs in the field of music history and the performing arts and well over hundred scientific papers and essays. He has curated more than 20 Danish and international thematic exhibitions, guest lectured at the University of Copenhagen as well as at a large number of foreign universities, museums and theater institutions in the United States, Russia, Austria, Italy, France and Germany. Main writings (chronologically)
•<mask>, <mask> Arne: The Bournonville Ballets A Photographic Record 1844-1933. London, Dance Books, 1987, xvi + 179 pp., ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne: The Bournonville Heritage A Choreographic Record 1829-1875. London, Dance Books, 1990, Textbook (xx + 186 pp. ), Piano score (x + 62 pp.),  (Textbook),  (Piano score)

•<mask>, <mask> <mask> and Flindt, Vivi: Bournonville Ballet Technique Fifty Enchaînements, London, Dance Books, 1992. Textbook (xxix + 111 pp., ill.) + Piano score (vi + 37 pp., ill.) + DVD eller VHS Video casette (Dance Video 3),  (Textbook),  (Piano score)

•<mask>, <mask> Arne: The Verdi Ballets. Parma, Istituto Nazionale di Studi Verdiani, 1995. 398 pp. ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne: The Bournonville Tradition. The First Fifty Years 1829-1879. I: A Documentary Study.II: An annotated bibliography of the choreography and the music, the chronology, the performing history, and the sources. London, Dance Books, 1997, 2 volumes, 201 + 468 pp., ill.,  (Volume I),  (Volume II),  (Volumes I & II)

•<mask>, <mask> <mask> (ed. ): August Bournonville: My dearly beloved Wife! Letters from France and Italy 1841. Introduction and annotations by <mask> <mask> <mask>, Translated from the Danish by Patricia N. McAndrew (Dance Books, Alton, 2005, 192 pp., ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne (ed. ): August Bournonville, Études Chorégraphiques (1848-1855- 1861). A cura di/Sous la direction de/Edited by <mask> <mask> <mask> e/et/and Francesca Falcone (Libreria Musicale Italiana, Lucca, 2005, 356 pp., ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne (ed.): Digterens & Balletmesterens luner, H.C. Andersens og August Bournonvilles brevveksling Udgivet med indledning og kommentar af <mask> <mask> <mask> (Gyldendal, København, 2005, 268 pp., ill., ). •<mask>, <mask> Arne: Dramaturgiske Pennetegninger. Herman Bang som teateressayist. En antologi. Udgivet og kommenteret af <mask> <mask> <mask> (Odense, Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2007, I-XXIV + 452 pp., ill., ISBN 978-87- 7674-190-7

•<mask>, <mask> Arne: Et Folkesagn, 1.-3. akt. Udgivet af Anne Ørbæk Jensen, <mask> <mask> <mask> og Niels Krabbe. Orchestral score, 2 volumes.(København, Niels W. Gade Works/Werke VI:2a + 2b/J. P. E. Hartmann Udvalgte Værker/Selected Works/Ausgevählte Werke IV:2, 2009, I-XLVI + 165 pp. + 163 s. & 363 pp., folio, ill.,  (volume 1),  (volume 2), ISMN 979-0-706763-11-8 (volumes 1-2)). •<mask>, <mask> Arne: Bifald og Bølgebryder. Frederik Schybergs teaterkritik. En antologi. Udgivet og kommenteret af <mask> Arne <mask> (Odense, Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2009, I-XX + 382 pp., ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne: Teatrets fortællinger.Jens Kistrups teaterkritik. En Antologi. Udgivet og kommenteret af <mask> <mask> <mask> (Odense, Syddansk Universitetsforlag, 2013, I-XL + 484 pp., ill.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne (ed.) : Il Valdemaro, Dramma per musica di Domenico Sarro (1726). Edizione critica a cura di <mask> <mask> <mask>. Roma, Analecta Romana Instituti Danici Supplementum XLIII. Edizione Quasar di Severino Tognon srl., juli 2013, Orchestral score, introduction, critical report, ill., LXXX + 605 pp.,

•<mask>, <mask> Arne : Mandarinen Flemming Flindt - et teaterliv.Under medvirken af Vivi Flindt. (Copenhagen, Gyldendal, 2019, 468 pp., ill.,

Honours
In 2005 <mask> was awarded the Italian Order of Knights Cavaliere della Repubblica Italiana (OSSI, 30.5.2005) by the President of the Italian Republic. He has also received a number of Danish and international grants and awards, among others The Verdi Prize (Premio Giuseppe Verdi) in 1989, Balletmaster Hans Beck's Memorial Award in 1998, Dance Perspective's The Lillian Moore Prize Award in 1999, and Her Majesty Queen Ingrid's Roman Grant for membership of the Danish Academy in Rome which he has been awarded three times. External references
 <mask> <mask> <mask>'s danish wikipedia-site. <mask> <mask> <mask>'s personal homepage. Biography in Danish about <mask> <mask> <mask> in the paper Politiken on July 8, 2012. Biography in Danish about <mask> <mask> <mask> in the paper Kristeligt Dagblad on July 7, 2012.Danish music historians
Danish historians
Living people
1952 births

masks:
Knud Arne Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud Arne Jürgensen
Knud Arne Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Jürgensen
Knud
Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
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Knud
Jürgensen
Knud
Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Jürgensen
Knud
Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
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Knud
Arne
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Knud
Arne
Jürgensen
Knud
Arne
Jürgensen


title: David Garibaldi (musician)

texts:
<mask> (born November 4, 1946) is an American drummer best known for his work with the Oakland-based band Tower of Power. His playing style is considered a staple of funk music. <mask>’s drummer credits also include Natalie Cole, Jermaine Jackson, Boz Scaggs, Deniece Williams and Yellowjackets. Rolling Stone magazine ranked <mask> #46 on its list “100 Greatest Drummers of All Time”. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Oakland, California. His interest in music started at a young age by hearing his mother and her sister singing and playing piano. He took piano and violin lessons before switching to percussion by age 10.Garibaldi played a drum kit for the first time at age 15, after hearing an older student play rock n’ roll beats. He was able to reproduce the beat by ear and continued self-teaching himself how to play the drums by listening to records. He later joined the high school’s big band and practiced with the help of Eddie Tinga, a drummer and employee of the US Postal Service who also served in the Air Force reserve. After being drawn into service, Tinga gave Garibaldi his drum kit so he could practice at home. At age 17, <mask>’s parents bought him his first drum kit, which he would later use to record Tower of Power’s debut album “East Bay Grease”. He graduated high school in 1964. During his time at Chabot Junior College, he attended a James Brown concert at the San Jose Civic Auditorium.During the rehearsals, <mask> was impressed by the musicians’ precision and rhythmic patterns. Soon after, <mask> formed his first band called The Disciples. He played with them until 1966, when he was drawn into service. <mask> received basic training at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas, where he also auditioned for the 724th Air Force Band. During his service at McChord Air Force Base in Tacoma, Washington, Garibaldi performed with different ensembles, including a symphonic orchestra where he played timpani, concert snare drum and mallet percussion. He also played the drums and played with friends and acquaintances in Tacoma. After being honorably discharged in December 1969, <mask> enrolled again at Chabot Junior College to finish his studies.Career
Upon returning to the Bay Area, Garibaldi began performing as a freelancer in various groups. These performances led him to join Tower of Power in July 1970. In the mid-70’s <mask> left Tower of Power and commenced performing, recording and writing with artists including Gino Vannelli, Wishful Thinking, Patti Austin, Natalie Cole, Boz Scaggs, the Yellowjackets, Jermaine Jackson and Deniece Williams. Garibaldi rejoined Tower of Power in 1998. Later in the mid 2000's Garibaldi released a collection of drum loops titled "Tower of Funk" produced with Josquin Des Pres (20th century musician)

Garibaldi is the author of notable instructional music books and educational DVDs including Future Sounds and The Funky Beat. He has written a feature column for Modern Drummer Magazine. Style
In an interview with the Percussive Arts Society, Garibaldi explains that at 23 years of age, he was not trying to create revolutionary drum grooves but rather follow his creative instinct.Mark Griffith of the Percussive Arts Society describes <mask>’s style as a funky sixteenth-note based groove that has all or most of the notes played separately with backbeats that occasionally turn around give the illusion that the pulse is in a different place than expected. In 1978, Garibaldi expanded his drum kit with combinations 8”, 10”, 12”, 14” and 16” toms. His configuration included a second hi-hat on his right side. He argued that the conventional way of playing the hi-hat with the right hand over the left was limiting. Additionally, having a 14” to the left and a 12” hi-hat to the right gave him two different pitches. In 1982, he settled for a five-piece drum kit with 10”, 12” and 14” toms. <mask> is often described as a drummer with a distinctive style:

Songwriting with Tower of Power
Garibaldi also performed the role of songwriter during his time with Tower of Power.He co-wrote songs including "What Is Hip? ", "After Hours", "Down to the Night Club", "East Bay", "Oakland Stroke", "Vuela Por Noche" and "You Wanna Be a Hero". The workflow varied, depending on which member of the band brought the original idea to the band. Often, the rhythm section was developed first, followed by the horns. Emilio Castillo (saxophone) and Garibaldi usually worked on the rhythm section while Rocco Prestia (bass) listened to the overall feel of the song. The horn section later added melodies and hooks. <mask> incorporated the new elements of the arrangement into his drum pattern.He avoided the standard accentuation of the second and fourth beat with the snare drum. His goal was to achieve a more repetitive pattern that resets itself after a few bars. According to the band, this composing and arranging process lasted for hours or days. What Is Hip? <mask> co-wrote Tower of Power’s hit song “What Is Hip?” that reached #39 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and #91 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. During one rehearsal with Tower of Power, he added syncopation to a drum pattern he played often and suggested the sixteenth-note bass line. Kupka and Castillo added the horn arrangement.The song went on to become one of the band’s biggest hits. In 1999, Tower of Power released a two-disc anthology called “What Is Hip?” which included 35 tracks of their 30-year career. <mask> from the Austin Chronicle describes the name as “not only (a) reference of their signature tunes” but also as the question “is Tower of Power still hip?” The anthology received positive reviews as a documentation of the group’s evolving sound throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Jazz bassist Marcus Miller included a cover of the song “What Is Hip?” in his 2007 album Free. Accolades
<mask> won the R&B/Funk category of the Modern Drummer Magazine Readers poll six times in a row from 1980 to 1985. He won the same award an additional three times in 2003, 2007 and 2009. In 1998, “<mask> featuring Talking Drums” won the award for Best Percussion Video awarded by DRUM!Magazine. In 2008, <mask> was presented the Guitar Center Legends Award. He was also inducted into the Percussive Arts Society Hall of Fame in 2012. References

Living people
Tower of Power members
21st-century American male musicians
American male drummers
American funk drummers
20th-century American drummers
21st-century American drummers
American rhythm and blues musicians
American soul musicians
Rhythm and blues drummers
Soul drummers
1946 births
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
John David Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
David Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
Garibaldi
David Lynch
Garibaldi
David Garibaldi
Garibaldi


title: Georges Trouillot

texts:
<mask> (7 May 1851 – 20 November 1916) was a French Radical politician. He played a central role in developing the law of 1901 that governed associations such as agricultural cooperative. He was Minister of the Colonies in 1898 and again in 1909–10. He was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Posts in 1902–05 and again in 1905–06. He published several books, including both poetry and political subjects. Early years (1851–89)

<mask> was born on 7 May 1851 in Champagnole, Jura. He studied classics at the Jesuit college in Dole, then studied law in Lyon.He became an attorney in Lons-le-Saunier. On 2 August 1870 he was appointed sub-lieutenant in the National Mobile Guard of the Jura department. He was one of the founders of the Jura Republican Union. He was a member of the general council of Jura for the canton of Beaufort, then municipal councilor in 1877. He was elected mayor of Lons-le-Saunier. In 1889 he was named president of the Bar. National politics (1889–1916)

Deputy

Trouillot ran in the general election of 1889, and was elected in the first round for the constituency of Lons-le-Saunier.He joined the Union of Progressives and Radical Left in the chamber. He was also elected president of the Jura departmental assembly. He was reelected deputy in 1893 and in 1898. In 1891 Trouillot proposed a law against abortion and contraception. Discussion was long delayed, and the proposal was not passed by the Senate until January 1919. Trouillot introduced a bill to let anyone who held the degree of licence en droit practice as an avocat, removing the authority of the Order of Advocates to approve new members of their profession. In response, the Paris Order struck him off their register.The case went to court and Trouillot was reinstated on the basis that the disbarment hearings had not followed due process. The decision caused outrage among the leading advocates. Trouillot assisted René Viviani in introduction of the law of 1 December 1900 that allowed women to practice as advocates following a campaign by Jeanne Chauvin, who became the second woman to be admitted to the profession. Minister of Colonies

The public scandal of the Dreyfus Affair blew up in January 1898 with Émile Zola's publication in L'Aurore of his open letter entitled J'Accuse…!. Trouillot accused the premier Jules Méline of practicing the politics of division. Méline resigned during the debate of 14 June 1898. Trouillot was appointed to the new Radical government formed late that month.He was Minister of the Colonies in the second cabinet of Henri Brisson, and held office from 28 June 1898 to 26 October 1898. Trouillot saw little value in the French enclaves in India, and told the Foreign Minister that he would be willing to give them all to the British in exchange for the Gambia. The Polynesian island of Mangareva was more important to him than the French possessions in India. His views were not shared by the inhabitants of Mahé, who said it was capable of "rivaling in salubriousness with the best of sanatoriums of the Presidency of Madras." This was a time of rapid colonial expansion in Africa, where officers were given much freedom of action as long as they succeeded in acquiring territory. Trouillot said in a speech in 1898, "Let us give ourselves a birth incentive so that we can once again become the world's foremost colonizing people." In a decree of 7 August 1898 Trouillot created an office of financial control for French West Africa under the direction of the governor-general.This gave the colonialist a significant increase in independence from the metropolitan government. In July <mask> wrote to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Théophile Delcassé, that Major Jean-Baptiste Marchand was approaching Fashoda on the Nile, and the British general Herbert Kitchener would soon also arrive there. Delcassé did not reply until September, when he said Marchand should return before reaching Fashoda. By that time it was too late to prevent the encounter, so the letter was mainly so that the French could disavow Marchand if things went wrong, as it did in the Fashoda Incident. Law of Associations

Trouillot played a central role in developing the Law of Associations. He was rapporteur for all the parliamentary debates on this law, working closely with the head of government, Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau. The law defined the legal status of associations such as mutual societies and agricultural cooperatives, and was developed through study of associations in the Jura, elsewhere in Europe and in the United States.According to Trouillot, hostility to religious congregations had always been the reason why efforts to allow freedom of association had failed in the past,

Trouillot's answer was to curb the powers of associations to prevent abuse. The law required almost all the religious orders and congregations in France to obtain legal authorization from parliament, and disallowed any member of an unauthorized order or congregation from teaching or managing a school. The Law of Associations was passed in July 1901. The church complained that the law resulted in a cascade of closures of schools and ecclesiastical establishments. Other activities

Trouillot was Minister of Industry, Commerce and Posts from 7 June 1902 to 18 January 1905 in the cabinet of Émile Combes. <mask>, who was known for his anti-clericalism, followed a traditional policy in dealing with industrial issues. In March 1904 his predecessor Alexandre Millerand complained that his social program had been replaced by a program of "monk-hunting".However, during a strike of textile workers in the fall of 1903 Trouillot agreed in substance with the strikers' complaints against the manufacturers, and the Chamber voted almost unanimously for arbitration to resume, and for a thorough inquiry into the textile industry. <mask> was again Minister of Industry, Commerce and Posts from 12 November 1905 to 9 March 1906 in the second cabinet of Maurice Rouvier. <mask> was elected Senator for the Jura  on 7 January 1906. He was again Minister of the Colonies from 24 July 1909 to 2 November 1910 in the cabinet of Aristide Briand. On 31 May 1910 he decreed that the administrators of French Equatorial Africa had the power to adjudicate offenses committed by the indigenous people that could not be tried by the French courts. Through his influence, most young men in the Jura were posted to the nearby garrisons at Lons-le-Saunier and Bourg for their military service. An unplanned consequence was that at the outbreak of World War I (1914–18) the department suffered disproportionate losses.Trouillot's canton of Beaufort suffered particularly large losses. <mask> died in Paris on 20 November 1916. His daughter married the future colonial administrator Lucien Saint. Publications
Trouillot was a distinguished man of letters, and published several books. These included Du contrat d'association (1902) and Pour l'idée laïque (1906). He also contributed to several journals, notably Voltaire and Le Siècle. Notes

Sources

1851 births
1916 deaths
People from Champagnole
Politicians from Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
Independent Radical politicians
French Ministers of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
French Ministers of the Colonies
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 6th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 7th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 8th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
French Senators of the Third Republic
Senators of Jura (department)

masks:
Georges Marie Denis Gabriel Trouillot
Georges Marie Denis Gabriel Trouillot
Trouillot
Trouillot
Trouillot
Trouillot
Georges Trouillot


title: Jim Tunney (American football)

texts:
<mask> (born March 3, 1929) is a former American football official in the National Football League (NFL) from 1960 to 1990. In his 31 years as an NFL official, <mask> received a record 29 post-season assignments, including ten Championship games and Super Bowls VI, XI, and XII and named as an alternate in Super Bowl XVIII. He is still the only referee who has worked consecutive Super Bowls, and likely will be the only one to do so. Following Ben Dreith's death in April 2021, <mask> is the only referee from the first 16 Super Bowls who is still alive. Life and career
Nicknamed the "Dean of NFL Referees",  <mask> was the first official to be named to the "All-Madden Team" in 1990 and won the "Gold Whistle Award" in 1992 from the National Association of Sports Officials (NASO). He wore uniform number 32 for most of his career, but when the NFL numbered each position separately from 1979 through 1981 rather than assigning one number per official, he wore number 3. <mask>'s trademark signal upon a successful field goal, or extra point, featured raising his arms with fists clenched, then opening both fists simultaneously to indicate the attempt as "good".Officials who worked on <mask>'s crew for many years included former NFL great Pat Harder at umpire and head linesman Burl Toler, the NFL's first African-American official. <mask> graduated from Franklin High School in Los Angeles class of 1947 then after he graduated from nearby Occidental College in 1951, <mask> starting officiating football and basketball working high school, college, and Pacific Coast Conference (Pac-10) games until 1967. In 1960, he was hired to work in the NFL as a field judge before being promoted to the referee position in 1967 where he would stay for the remainder of his career until retiring after the 1990 NFL season. His final game was the 1990 AFC Championship Game between the Buffalo Bills and Los Angeles Raiders played January 20, 1991. He currently works on the NFL officiating staff as an Observer, attending games each week helping with improvement of the current game officials. Still active in league affairs and many sports issues, <mask> was a member of Commissioner Tagliabue's Officiating 2000 Committee, and was Vice Chair of the U.S. Olympic Committee for Northern California (Sydney 2000 Games). In 1993, he founded the <mask> Youth Foundation, which supports community programs and resources that work with youth to develop leadership, work skills, wellness, and self-esteem.He writes a weekly column for the Monterey Herald and is a motivational speaker. <mask> was the Boys' Vice Principal at Abraham Lincoln High School in the City of Los Angeles, California. He was also the Principal of Fairfax High School, in Los Angeles, from 1964-1970. Memorable games
Here is a listing of some notable games <mask> was involved in:

"The Field Goal" - Baltimore at Green Bay (December 26, 1965) - field judge
"The Ice Bowl" - Dallas at Green Bay (December 31, 1967) - alternate referee
"The Kick" - Detroit at New Orleans (November 8, 1970)
1979 AFC championship game - Houston at Pittsburgh (January 6, 1980) (In this game, Oilers wide receiver Mike Renfro was ruled to have been out of bounds on an apparent touchdown pass from Dan Pastorini late in the third quarter that would have tied the game. Replays showed that Renfro got both feet down inbounds, but Houston had to settle for a field goal.) "The Catch" - Dallas at San Francisco (January 10, 1982)
"The 100th Game" - Green Bay at Chicago (November 20, 1983)
"The Snowball Game" - San Francisco at Denver (November 11, 1985)
"The Fumble" - Cleveland at Denver (January 17, 1988)
"The Fog Bowl" - Philadelphia at Chicago (December 31, 1988)

Other game notes
 <mask> is the last referee to conduct the coin toss for the Super Bowl, and was also the first referee to supervise a coin toss conducted by a special guest. Prior to Super Bowl XII, Pro Football Hall of Fame running back Red Grange tossed the coin at the Louisiana Superdome.During the 1987 AFC Championship game, two legendary referees were on the field when Earnest Byner fumbled near the goal line late in the contest. Alternate referee Jerry Seeman was forced to take over at field judge (now back judge) when Dick Dolack, the regular field judge who was also a long-time member of <mask>'s regular season crew, pulled his hamstring on a long touchdown pass from John Elway to Mark Jackson. Seeman gave the initial signal that Denver's Jeremiah Castille recovered Byner's fumble. <mask> would indicate a successful field goal or PAT by raising both arms with fists clenched, followed by unclenching his fists and extending all ten fingers upward. <mask> worked as the referee for the first 18 editions of Battle of the Network Stars. As of 2021, <mask> is the only referee from the 1970 season, the first following the AFL-NFL merger, still living. Educator
Off the field, <mask> has had a long career as an educator and school administrator, starting out in 1951 as a teacher at Los Angeles' Lincoln High School, later becoming vice principal from 1959 to 1964.He then served as a principal of Los Angeles high schools Fairfax (1964–1970), Franklin (1972–1973), and Hollywood High School (1973–74). He became assistant superintendent of secondary education for the Bellflower Unified School District in 1975 and served as the district's superintendent in 1977. He left education for 16 years before becoming headmaster from 1993 to 1994 of the York School in Monterey, California, joining the school's board of trustees in 1995 and remaining in that post to this day. He also joined the board of trustees for Monterey Peninsula College in 1997 and served on that board until 2009 (12 years - 6 of which were as board chair. He was awarded MPC's President's Award in 2009 - only the third so named as well as 2009 Public Official of the Year by the Monterey Peninsula Chamber of Commerce. In 2011, he was inducted into the Fairfax High School Hall of Fame (the only administrator so inducted). In 2011, he was also inducted into the California Community Coaches Hall of Fame.Books by <mask>
Impartial Judgment: "The Dean of NFL Referees" Calls Pro Football As He Sees It, 1988 ()
Chicken Soup for the Sports Fan's Soul, 2000 ()
It's The Will, Not The Skill, 2004 ()
 "101 Best of Tunney Side of Sports" 2014 ()

References

External links

1929 births
Living people
National Football League officials
Occidental Tigers football players
People from the San Gabriel Valley
20th-century American educators
University of Southern California alumni
20th-century American writers

masks:
Jim Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Jim Tunney
Jim Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney
Tunney


title: Peter Jalowiczor

texts:
<mask> (born 1965) is an amateur astronomer living in South Yorkshire, in the United Kingdom. Jalowiczor is primarily known for co-discovering four exoplanets at home using data released to the public by the University of California's Lick-Carnegie Planet Search Team and done research confirming that  for the delta effect for comets. He has written four books - two about football and two about Polish servicemen from World War II. He is also the founder of a football club, the Polish Millers. Education and career
Jalowiczor is employed in Post-16 education. He has three academic degrees, two of which are from the University of Sheffield. These are a BSc(Hons) in physics from 1988, and a PgDip in astrophysical sciences from 1989.At the University of Sheffield, he did his postgraduate research under Professor David Hughes studying Halley's Comet, which was his work on the delta effect. He also has a PGCE from the University of Huddersfield. Research
Jalowiczor has taken part in several research projects as an amateur, including work with exoplanets, brown dwarfs, comets and Mars. He is a member of South Yorkshire's Mexborough and Swinton Astronomical Society, and has given several talks there on the various research projects volunteered for example on his work with Planet Four, a citizen science project. Finding brown dwarfs
NASA launched their Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project in early 2017, under Dr Marc Kuchner. Jalowiczor has been active in this area discovering 25 brown dwarfs. These are also generally mentioned in Marc's Blog post and are expected to be published in a future science journal.More recently, this project saw involvement with a teleconference team-teach at his old school: a NASA-link up. Finding exoplanets

The University of California launched the Lick–Carnegie Exoplanet Survey, a search for exo-planets with the method of Doppler spectroscopy, using the ten meter Keck telescope located in Hawaii. Jalowiczor began his research in 2007, using data on a public server from the survey team, which began uploading its measurements on a public server starting in 2005. Jalowiczor looked for oscillations of stars that could be caused by a nearby planet, alerting the University of California to possible exoplanets. His work did not require a telescope (multiple sources agree that he does not own one), but used only two home computers. He sent around 40 suggestions before the survey team contacted Jalowiczor indicating that they believed he found a potential exoplanet. The University of California confirmed the first discovery, HD177830c, in December 2009, with the next three confirmed later in September 2010.In 2010 the survey published a paper with Jalowiczor which presented the data on the four exoplanets and showed the light graphs used to discover the exoplanets (for an explanation, see figure at right). The four planets discovered from his work are HD 31253b, HD 218566b, HD 177830c and HD 99492c. HD 218566b is within the habitable zone of its solar system. While it is unlikely that it holds extraterrestrial life because it is a gas giant with no solid surface, it is possible that there could be a moon circling it which could sustain life. HD 218566b has been named Ugarit. The name was selected in the NameExoWorlds campaign by Syria, during the 100th anniversary of the IAU. Ugarit was a city where its scribes devised the Ugaritic alphabet around 1400 B.C.Analysis of the delta effect

<mask> has also done research relating to comets. The work confirmed the delta effect (the variation in the distance  between a comet and its observer affecting the perceived cometary coma magnitude). The formula for this effect was known to be . Most astronomers believed  but Ernst Öpik questioned this and claimed . <mask>'s paper confirmed that , though it can vary. His analysis used a photograph of Comet Halley taken by an Anglo-Australian 3.9 meter reflector. Published work
<mask>'s work towards the discovery of exoplanets has been published in the Astrophysical Journal in a paper titled The Lick-Carnegie Survey: Four New Exoplanet Candidates written with Stefano Meschiari, Gregory P. Laughlin, Steven S. Vogt, R. Paul Butler, Eugenio J. Rivera, and Nader Haghighipour.Jalowiczor has also published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1993, in a paper titled On the variation of cometary coma brightness with comet-Earth distance (the Delta Effect), authored with David Hughes, Neil McBride, and James Boswell, a research team led by David Hughes at the University of Sheffield. Personal life

Football
Jalowiczor was the main founder of the Polish Millers, otherwise known as KP Millers Trojwies. This was a non-league football club in Poland set up in 1996 and registered in the Polish league in 1997. The club drew the name both from English club Rotherham United FC and the area where it was based, Trojwies, centered on the village of Istebna. Approximately 180 articles were written in the Rotherham United match program charting the beginnings of the Polish Millers from 1991 to end of the 2000/2001 season. The highlight in Polish Millers' history was a friendly against 14 times Polish Champions KS Ruch Chorzow in 2006 to commemorate the club's tenth anniversary. This was attended by a delegation from Rotherham United, Rotherham Council and a Supporters' Trust.The match finished in a 3:3 draw. <mask> has been awarded three times by the Polish Football Association, or the PZPN (Polski Zwiazek Pilki Noznej), for his work. Writing

Jalowiczor is a member of Sheffield Authors and has written four books, including two about World War II and two about football. His first book was titled The Polish Millers: A Piece of Rotherham United History in Poland (2005). His second book was about Millmoor football and was called Postcards from Millmoor. Rotherham United manager Steve Evans was a guest at the book's launch. Jalowiczor published his third book, Forgotten Heroes, in 2014.It is a collection of WWII accounts from Polish ex-servicemen who settled in Rotherham after the war and charts the development of their community in the following decades. Most proceeds were donated to Cancer Research via the Inspiration For Life Trust Fund at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Sheffield. Some funds were targeted for a memorial for a Rotherham Polish ex-serviceman who died in 1991. In September 2015, meetings from families and friends connected to the Poles who settled in the town started meeting at the Mowbray Gardens library. From January 2017, the meetings became monthly and in April 2017, an Anglo-Polish Society was registered. A fourth book was released Forgotten Heroes: Expanded Volume (2020). This built on the original book with updated chapters with additional contributions from the Polish Community.See also

Amateur Astronomy
Exoplanets
Brown Dwarf
Red dwarf

References

21st-century British astronomers
Living people
Amateur astronomers
1965 births

masks:
Peter Jalowiczor
Jalowiczor
Jalowiczor
Jalowiczor
Jalowiczor


title: Francesco Lodi

texts:
<mask> (born 23 March 1984) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Italian club FC Messina. Lodi usually plays as a deep lying playmaker, and is known for his passing qualities. Club career

Empoli
Lodi started his career as part of Empoli youth system, being later promoted to the first team in 2003, despite his senior debut came during the 2000–01 season. During the winter transfer market, Empoli opted to loan the player out to Vicenza, in Serie B, for the player to gain regular playing time. He went on to make 11 appearances for the biancorossi before returning to Empoli for the 2004–05 season, following their relegation. In his first full season with the Tuscan side, Lodi made 27 league appearances, scoring six goals and helping them earn instant promotion back to Serie A. <mask>inone
For the 2006–07 season, Empoli loaned <mask> to Serie B side Frosinone for €50,000. <mask> instantly earned a starting role with the club, making 40 appearances out of a possible 42, scoring 11 goals. Despite his form, Empoli opted to keep the player at the Latium-based club in co-ownership deal for €1.4 million, where <mask> would continue his form. He went on to make 41 appearances for the second division side and scored a very impressive 20 goals as a midfielder. In January 2008, Empoli also bought back the 50% registration rights from Frosinone for €800,000. Return to Empoli
Following Empoli's relegation from Serie A, the loan was not re-newed and the player spent the 2008–09 season with Empoli.He again performed with high standards, making 41 appearances and scoring 13 goals in league play. His form over the span of three seasons led to interest from a host of Serie A clubs, including Udinese, Atalanta and Chievo. At the start of the 2009–10 season, Lodi scored three goals in the first three games of Empoli's season, later joining Udinese on loan for the remainder of the 2009–10 season. Udinese
On 28 August 2009, Lodi officially joined Udinese on loan from Empoli. During the season, Lodi found first team football hard to come by due to the presences of established midfielders Alexis Sánchez, Mauricio Isla, Gökhan Inler and Kwadwo Asamoah. Lodi went on to make 19 league appearances, scoring one goal. Udinese did not use the option to purchase the player outright, and he returned to Empoli on 30 June 2010.Return to Frosinone
Following his Serie A top flight experience with Udinese, <mask>inone again on a co-ownership deal, for €300,000. In his return to Frosinone, <mask> returned immediately to first-team football, making 23 appearances (out of a possible 23) and scoring seven goals prior to the January transfer market, in which he again transferred clubs. Catania
On 31 January 2011, Catania bought <mask>ne for €680,000, with Empoli retained 50% registration rights. <mask> also immediately joined Catania for the remainder of the 2010–11 season, in a two-and-a-half-year contract. His first two appearances for the Sicilian side were very low key, but on 13 February 2011, <mask> scored two fantastic free-kicks in a comeback 3–2 victory for Catania over Lecce. <mask> was also the scorer of a stunning free-kick against Juventus in the 96th minute of play, ending the game in a draw for Catania. In June 2011, Catania purchased Lodi outright for another €300,000.(the discount expressed as proventi da compartecipazioni  in Catania's account) He has since made 83 league appearances for the club, scoring 18 goals. He also scored three goals in four appearances in the 2012–13 Coppa Italia. Genoa
On 3 July 2013, Catania sent Lodi to Genoa in exchange Panagiotis Tachtsidis in a cashless player swap. Both clubs retained 50% registration rights (co-ownership deal). The deal finalized in mid-July. Return to Catania
Lodi returned to Catania just six months after leaving the club, scoring a goal and providing an assist for Gonzalo Bergessio in his first match back, helping his club to defeat Bologna 2–0 at the Stadio Angelo Massimino. In June 2014, the co-ownership deal also terminated.Parma
Lodi was then loaned to Parma on 25 August 2014. Return to Udinese
On 23 September 2015, <mask> rejoined former club Udinese as a free agent. He left the club on 17 February 2017. Second return to Catania
After his contract at Udinese got terminated, the director of Catania confirmed on 2 March 2017, that <mask> was the first signing for the 2017–18 season. Triestina
On 8 January 2020 he signed a 1.5-year contract with Serie C club Triestina. FC Messina
On 22 January 2021, <mask> left Triestina to sign a one-and-a-half year contract with Serie D club FC Messina. International career
<mask> was a player of the Italian under-19 team.He took part in 2001 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship, the last named as under-16 event. Due to UEFA U-21 Championship had changed from an even year event to odd year event, new coach Pierluigi Casiraghi called him up as senior member of the squad for 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, eligible to players born 1984 or after. He made his Italy under-21 debut against Croatia in a friendly match on 15 August 2006 at the age of 22. <mask> did not receive a call-up for 2004–06 season of U21. Honours
Italy U19
UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship: 2003

References

External links
Official Player Profile at calciocatania.it
Profile at Football.it

1984 births
Living people
Italian footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Association football forwards
Footballers from Naples
Empoli F.C. players
Frosinone Calcio players
L.R. Vicenza players
Udinese Calcio players
Calcio Catania players
Genoa C.F.C.players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
U.S. Triestina Calcio 1918 players
Italy under-21 international footballers
Italy youth international footballers

masks:
Francesco Lodi
Lodios
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodios
Lodi
Lodiosino
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi
Lodi


title: Ute Vinzing

texts:
<mask> (born 9 September 1936) is a German operatic soprano who received the title Kammersängerin. She is known for dramatic roles by Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss, including Brünnhilde, Isolde, Ortrud, Kundry, Elektra and the Dyer's Wife, which she performed internationally. Career

Training and artistic beginnings
Born in Wuppertal, <mask> first learned the profession of seamstress. She then took private singing lessons, first with Elisabeth Boeker in Lüdenscheid. Without the knowledge of her family she continued her studies with Francesco Carrino in Düsseldorf. In December 1966, she won first prize at the first Bundeswettbewerb Gesang., with Josef Greindl and Elisabeth Grümmer as jury members. She then received an audition from Wieland Wagner, who recommended her to Bernhard Klee, then Generalmusikdirektor at the Theater Lübeck, who made her a member of the ensemble..In 1967, she made her debut at the Theater Lübeck in the role of Marie in Smetana's Die verkaufte Braut. During the following three years in Lübeck she worked on 14 leading roles. At first she was mainly used in the Italian repertoire, but sang these roles in German, as was customary at the time. Her Lübeck roles included among others Mimì in Puccini's La Bohème, the title role in his Madama Butterfly, Desdemona in Verdi's Otello, Leonora in his Die Macht des Schicksals, as well as roles in contemporary repertoire, such as in Aufführung by Ján Cikker and the Bride in Fortner's Bluthochzeit. In the latter production, she got to know Martha Mödl, from whom she subsequently received instruction in voice training and language treatment. In Lübeck she also performed her first Wagner parts: Elisabeth in Tannhäuser and Senta in Der fliegende Holländer. From 1971 to 1976, <mask> joined the ensemble of the Opernhaus Wuppertal under the direction of Kurt Horres, where she expanded her dramatic roles.In Italian, she added Abigaille in Verdi's Nabucco, Élisabeth de Valois in his Don Carlos, and the title role in Puccini's Tosca to her repertoire. In Wuppertal, she also sang Brünnhilde in Wagner's The Ring of the Nibelungen for the first time in 1974. Her last role in Wuppertal in 1976 was Kundry in Parsifal. She has worked exclusively as a freelance singer since. Guest performances in Germany and Austria
From 1972 Vinzing performed extensively on German stages. During her engagement in Lübeck she appeared several times at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein. There she was especially successful as Senta, which she performed more than 100 times during her career.In 1972, she first appeared as Isolde in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the Theater Hagen. In 1973, she took over the Empress in Die Frau ohne Schatten by Richard Strauss at the Staatstheater Nürnberg, staged by Hans-Peter Lehmann and conducted by Hans Gierster, with Karl-Heinz Thiemann as the Emperor and Astrid Varnay as the Nurse. In 1976 she first appeared in the title role of Elektra by Strauss, with Anny Schlemm as Klytämnestra, at the Staatstheater Hannover, where she appeared regularly. She made her role debut as Kundry in Wagner's Parsifal there in the 1981/82 season in a new production with Siegfried Jerusalem in the title role and Bent Norup as Klingsor. A reviewer noted that she "impressed the audience with her intense performance and confident mastery of her powerful soprano, full of timbre in all registers, with profound depth and clear high notes". In March/April 1981, in April 1982 and again in March 1983 she appeared in Hanover at gala performances and in repertoire performances as Elektra (conductors Heinz Fricke, George Alexander Albrecht, Ralf Weikert and Ferdinand Leitner). Her Elektra in April 1981 "radiated intensity even in the last moments" and was praised as a "really great achievement" by the critics.In April 1981, she stepped in as Dyer's Wife in Die Frau ohne Schatten, reviewed as "outstanding in every respect" and "inspired audience and critics both in her performance and through the perfect leadership of her powerful voice". In June 1981 <mask> sang Siegfried-Brünnhilde at the Staatstheater Hannover "with a luminous voice"; "she unfolded a tremendous power and also got a lot out of the part in acting". From the end of the 1970s, she appeared regularly at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, several times as the Dyer's Wife in Die Frau ohne Schatten. A review noted: "Vinzing fully met the high expectations placed in her both vocally and representatively; she revealed with convincing intensity the change of the dyer's wife from an unfulfilled quarrelsome woman to a loving wife". In February 1981 she also sang Elektra in Berlin. Her interpretation of the text was "both understandable and thoughtful", the presentation "gripping", without the "least vocal fatigue". Vinzing was compared in vocal and playing intensity by the critics with the soprano Ursula Schröder-Feinen, who in Berlin was considered to be the unsurpassed soprano in this role.In June 1988 she was the "sovereign" Brünnhilde in the Götterdämmerung gala performance for the 75th birthday of the conductor Heinrich Hollreiser. In September 1988, Vinzing was Elektra when Ruth Hesse made her role debut as Klytämnestra. In February 1990 <mask> again sang the title role. In September 1990 <mask> performed again as Elektra at the DOB during a guest performance of the Semperoper at the Berliner Festspiele in Dresden. In the 1982/83 season at the Theater Augsburg she took over Brünnhilde in the Götterdämmerung in the revival of the last part of Wagner's Ring cycle. Vinzing sang with "sufficient volume and perseverance to endure the whole opera without signs of fatigue". <mask> appeared at the Staatsoper Hamburg as Leonore in Beethoven's Fidelio, as Kundry and the Dyer's Wife.At the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, she appeared as Isolde, Brünnhilde and Kundry at the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe (season 1984/85; in November 1984 as Isolde in Tristan und Isolde, in April 1985 as Brünnhilde in the Ring cycle, in June 1985 as Ortrud, at short notice as a substitute, in July 1985 then as the Dyer's Wife, in May 1987 as Fidelio, at the Staatstheater Stuttgart (season 1984/85; as Isolde), at the Cologne Opera (1986 as Isolde). She appeared at the Semperoper in Dresden as Elektra, at the Oper Bonn also as Elektra and as the Dyer's Wife. In June 1988 she sang Brünnhilde in Die Walküre in a concert performance at the Kölner Philharmonie with the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne (Marek Janowski conducting); she won praise for "the size and volume of her apparently effortlessly used splendid soprano". Between 1976 and 1991, <mask> made guest appearances in over 30 performances at the Vienna State Opera, including Senta, Leonore in Fidelio, Elektra, Dyer's Wife, Kundry, Brünnhilde and Isolde. In February 1981 she sang Isolde in Vienna under the musical direction of Heinrich Hollreiser; In May 1985, she sang in a Wagner concert in Vienna conducted by Leonard Bernstein,  which included the third act of Siegfried alongside James King, and the final scene of Die Walküre, alongside Thomas Stewart. International guest performances
In 1977, she appeared at the Paris Opera as Brünnhilde in Die Walküre. In February 1985 she appeared there as Isolde with René Kollo as Tristan, conducted by Marek Janowski.In June 1983, she was one of the three soprano soloists in Mahler's Eight Symphony ("Symphony of a Thousand") at the Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice, conducted by Eliahu Inbal. In the 1983/84 season she appeared as Isolde at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna in a new production directed by Yuri Lyubimov. In the summer of 1984 she sang Brünnhilde in the production by George London in the Ring cycle of the Seattle Opera, U.S.. In April 1984 she appeared as Brünnhilde in Die Walküre with the ensemble of the Metropolitan Opera in two guest performances at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.. She made her debut at the Met as Elektra. She also performed internationally at the Grand Théâtre de Genève (as Brünnhilde), at the Copenhagen Opera House (as Isolde), several times at the Teatro Colón (1977 as Isolde with Jess Thomas as partner; 1980 as Ortrud in Lohengrin with Jess Thomas in the title role; 1987 as Elektra with "vocal strength and unconditional commitment, especially in the orgiastic conclusion" also there as Brünnhilde), at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze (October 1988, as Isolde) and at the Marseille Opera House (1989; as Elektra). In Marseille she sang in October 1992, "vocally fully satisfying the demands of her part", also for the last time the Dyer's Wife, whom she embodied as an "energetic, strong-willed woman without hysteria". Honour and stage farewell
<mask> was awarded the title of Kammersängerin.In October 1993 she retired from the stage with a gala concert in the Lübecker . She sang excerpts from Die Walküre and Götterdämmerung, in which her long-time stage colleagues Donald McIntyre (Wotan) and Spas Wenkoff (Siegfried) were her partners. Private life
<mask> was married to the musician and music professor Claus Rößner (1936-2016), whom she had met during her engagement in Lübeck. From 1961 to 1971 Rößner was musical assistant to Karl Böhm in Bayreuth, later first Kapellmeister in Lübeck and professor in Lübeck for choral singing at the Universität der Künste Berlin. Repertoire
<mask> was esteemed as a dramatic soprano, and as a Wagner singer. She was one of the few "real highly dramatic singers" in the German-speaking world. In the course of her career she sang about 50 different roles.Later in her career she reduced her repertoire to about ten to twelve core roles, mainly in Wagner and Strauss (among others Brünnhilde, Isolde, Ortrud, Kundry, Elektra,the Dyer's Wife). Due to the difficulty of her roles, Vinzing limited her performances to about 35-40 evenings per year. Between 1974 and 1987, <mask> sang the role of Brünnhilde in more than ten different complete Ring cycles, among others in Wuppertal (1974), Hanover (February 1983; in Die Walküre and Siegfried), Karlsruhe (April 1985, June/July 1988 in Götterdämmerung), Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Berlin (March 1986 in the complete ring cycle, in Die Walküre with "great musical certainty and acting maturity" in November 1986 again in Götterdämmerung; also in March 1989 and May 1990), Cologne (June/November 1988 and June 1989; in concert performances of the Ring under Marek Janowski), Vienna, Geneva, Seattle (June and August 1984), Barcelona (March 1985; as Siegfried-Brünnhilde), Buenos Aires, Paris (1977, February 1986), Munich (May/June 1987, January 1988 with "victorious top notes"") and Orange (July 1988). In July 1981, she was  "very engaged",  as the partner of Hans Beirer at the Deutsche Oper Berlin (DOB) in the Götterdämmerung performance, in which Beirer performed once again as Siegfried in the Ring cycle on the occasion of his 70th birthday. Recordings
<mask>'s operatic work is inadequately documented on records, as Vinzing was not tied to any record company in the course of her career. There exist only two official audio documents: in 1984, a live recording of a concert performance of Elektra was released, first on LP and later also on CD. It was made in Paris with the Orchestre National de France, conducted by Christof Prick; her partners were Leonie Rysanek as Chrysothemis, Maureen Forrester as Klytämnestra and Bent Norup as Orest.In 1987, EMI released an unabridged studio recording of Die Frau ohne Schatten, with Wolfgang Sawallisch conducting. A studio recording of Elektra, to be conducted by Klaus Tennstedt, already planned by EMI, did not come about. However, there are some radio recordings of Vinzing. The label Gala also released a CD box with live recordings from 1972 to 1985 in 2006. Literature
 Wilhelm Kosch (editor): Deutsches Theater-Lexikon. Volume V. Uber – Weisbach. Page 2789.De Gruyter, Berlin [u. a.] December 2000, . Walter de Gruyter publishing house inline. Gerhart Asche: Ute Vinzing. In Opernwelt, June 1983 issue, page 20/21. Reinhold Rödl: Ute Vinzing.Starmitglied in internationalen Ensembles. In Orpheus, May 1984 issue, pages 324–327. M. Rutkowski: Lübeck. Wagner-Konzert. In Opernglas, December 1993 issue, . Ruth Eberhardt: <mask> <mask>. Bühnenabschied der Künstlerin.In Orpheus, January 1994 issue, . Michael Arndt: „Leb wohl, du kühnes, herrliches Kind!“. In Orpheus, January 1994 issue, . References

External links

 <mask> <mask> on LMU
 Ute Vinzing

1936 births
Living people
Musicians from Wuppertal
German operatic sopranos
20th-century German  women  opera singers

masks:
Ute Vinzing
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title: Chris Lintott

texts:
<mask>  (born 26 November 1980) is a British astrophysicist, author and broadcaster. He is a Professor of Astrophysics in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford. <mask> is involved in a number of popular science projects aimed at bringing astronomy to a wider audience and is also the primary presenter of the BBC television series The Sky at Night, having previously been co-presenter with Patrick Moore until Moore's death in 2012. He co-authored Bang! – The Complete History of the Universe and The Cosmic Tourist with Moore and Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Brian May. Education

<mask> attended Torquay Boys' Grammar School in Devon. In 1999, while still at school, he won a $500 Earth and Space Sciences award and the Priscilla and Bart Bok Honorable Mention Award at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair for an article on 'Cosmic dust around young stellar objects'.This came from a six-week project at the University of Hertfordshire funded by a Nuffield bursary. He read Natural Sciences at Magdalene College, Cambridge and in 2006 received a PhD in astrophysics from University College London, for his thesis on the early stages of star formation supervised by Ofer Lahav. Research and career

 <mask> is co-director of the Programme on Computational Cosmology and Citizen Science Project Lead in the Department of Physics at the University of Oxford, and a Research Fellow of New College, Oxford. He was the Director of Citizen Science Initiatives at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago from 2010 until 2012. His research focuses on galaxy evolution and the application of astrochemical models of star formation to galaxies beyond the Milky Way; particularly the use of sulphur compounds as a signature of stars that are in the process of formation. After a recommendation from Ed Vaizey, former Culture Minister, Prime Minister David Cameron appointed Lintott as Astronomy Trustee of the National Maritime Museum (NMM). His appointment ran from 24 June 2010 until 23 June 2014.<mask>'s research has been published in a wide variety of peer-reviewed scientific journals. He was formerly a Fulford junior research fellow at Somerville College, Oxford between 2006 and 2010. Lintott's research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). The Sky at Night

Lintott first appeared on the BBC astronomy programme The Sky at Night, presented by Patrick Moore, as a guest in 2000. As Moore's mobility deteriorated, Lintott acquired an increasingly prominent role, often providing on-location reporting from events covered by the programme. In an interview in 2007 with Mark Lawson, Moore described him as "eminently suitable" as a presenter. He jointly presented the programme with Moore until the latter's death in December 2012.Since the February 2013 episode, <mask> has been a co-presenter with Lucie Green (until December 2013) and with Maggie Aderin-Pocock (since February 2014). In July 2004, Moore suffered a near-fatal bout of food poisoning and Lintott stood in as the sole presenter of that month's episode. It was the only episode which Moore did not present since the show was first broadcast on 24 April 1957 until his death. Galaxy Zoo & The Zooniverse

<mask> is the co-founder, along with Kevin Schawinski, of Galaxy Zoo, an online crowdsourcing project where members of the public can volunteer their time to assist in classifying over a million galaxies.(e.g.) Lintott stated when commenting on GZ: "One advantage is that you get to see parts of space that have never been seen before. These images were taken by a robotic telescope and processed automatically, so the odds are that when you log on, that first galaxy you see will be one that no human has seen before." This was confirmed by Schawinski: "Most of these galaxies have been photographed by a robotic telescope, and then processed by computer.So this is the first time they will have been seen by human eyes." <mask> is the principal investigator (P.I.) for the citizen science web portal Zooniverse. Quoting from the Zooniverse Team page: "Astronomer and founder of both Galaxy Zoo and the Zooniverse that grew from it, <mask> is interested in how galaxies form and evolve, how citizen science can change the world". <mask> is also the chair of the Citizen Science Alliance, the organisation that produces, maintains and develops The Zooniverse. Books

In October 2006, <mask>, Patrick Moore and Brian May co-authored a book entitled Bang! – The Complete History of the Universe, which was produced by Canopus Books and published by Carlton Books on 23 October 2006.It has been translated into 13 languages and has appeared in paperback. As suggested by the title, the illustrated book is a history of the Universe from the Big Bang to its eventual predicted end. It is aimed at a popular science audience and claims to make its subject matter easily comprehensible to readers without any knowledge of astronomy. In October 2012, Brian May, Patrick Moore and <mask> co-authored a book entitled The Cosmic Tourist: The 100 Most Awe-inspiring Destinations in the Universe. On the book's PR page, it is stated: "Take your seats for the greatest tour ever – one that encompasses no less than the whole of the Universe." <mask>'s book, The Crowd and the Cosmos: Adventures in the Zooniverse was released in 2019. Awards and honours
Lintott is a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society.In 2011, <mask> was awarded the Royal Society Kohn Award. He was awarded this (quoting from the Royal Society webpage): "For his excellent engagement with society in matters of science and its societal dimension." In 2013, <mask> was awarded the Oxford Internet Institute Internet and Society Award. He was given this (quoting from the OII website): "in recognition of Galaxy Zoo's outstanding contributions to research by using crowd-sourced citizen science to capitalise on the availability of online big data-sets." In 2014, he received the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize from the American Astronomical Society. He was awarded this (quoting from the AAS website): "For his insight and creativity that created a transformative approach to science by engaging nonscientists in cutting edge research." In 2015, he won the Institute of Physics Kelvin Medal and Prize.In 2020 he was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical Society. Bibliography
 Bang! – The Complete History of the Universe, 2006,
 The Cosmic Tourist: The 100 Most Awe-inspiring Destinations in the Universe, 2012,
 The Crowd and the Cosmos: Adventures in the Zooniverse, 2019,

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
People from Torquay
21st-century British astronomers
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Alumni of University College London
Fellows of Somerville College, Oxford
People educated at Torquay Boys' Grammar School
Fellows of the American Astronomical Society

masks:
Christopher John Lintott
Lintott
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Chris Lintott
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title: Dave Lowe (atmospheric scientist)

texts:
<mask> (born 1946) is a New Zealand atmospheric scientist who was instrumental in setting up the Baring Head atmospheric CO programme in 1972. A researcher and educator, he was one of the lead authors to a 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report which was recognised with a Nobel Peace Prize. <mask> has worked with others such as Charles David Keeling, to measure the amount of CO in the atmosphere and how this is contributing to climate change, in particular global warming. He is an Adjunct Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry at the Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington. <mask>'s memoir was published in 2021 and received favourable reviews in the New Zealand media. Early life and education
<mask> had a rural upbringing in Bell Block, Taranaki, New Zealand. He attended New Plymouth Boys High School but was "bullied and unhappy", so after three years and having gained School Certificate (New Zealand), left and worked in a telephone exchange.He became a keen surfer which heightened his awareness of the environment, noting that when he was out on the waves he "saw the atmosphere directly, going down into the ocean, mixing the sounds, the smells." This convinced him that he needed to understand more about the environment. Although he had no interest in furthering his education at this time, a local teacher Ray Jackson, noting his passion for the environment, suggested that he visit the local library and read around this topic. <mask> knew that to follow this interest, more education was necessary, so he returned to New Plymouth Boys High School for one year and gained The New Zealand University Entrance qualification, the minimum requirement for tertiary education. He completed a Master's degree in Physics at Victoria University, Wellington (1969) and moved to Germany where he lived and studied from 1978 to 1983. While in Germany he applied for a government scholarship to do a PhD in atmospheric chemistry at the University of Cologne and noted "that my wife and I had four wonderful years in Jülich, and at the end of my scholarship I had gained not only a PhD but also two children born in Germany – as well as an enduring affinity with the country, its language and people." Career
After graduating from Victoria University, and with a heightened interest in atmospheric science, <mask> accepted a position at the former Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Wellington, later to become the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand), a forerunner of Crown Research Institutes.While there, he worked with Athol Rafter, a scientist who was the first person to tell him about the effects of CO on the atmosphere. <mask> became aware of the work of Charles Keeling that was alerting the world to the possibility of anthropogenic contribution to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Keeling discussed the possibility of setting up a measuring station in New Zealand with Rafter and in 1970 <mask> was asked to coordinate this, culminating eventually with the establishment of what would be known as the Baring Head Clean Air Monitoring Station. From the beginning of the programme in 1972, this site has continued to record the rise of CO in the atmosphere. In 1975 <mask> took a sabbatical and joined a group of scientists who went to California for the first conference of greenhouse gas experts. He stayed in California and worked with Keeling at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for six months before returning to New Zealand to continue the work at Baring Head. For five years from 1978, while living in Germany and completing his PhD in atmospheric chemistry at University of Cologne, <mask> worked at several scientific institutes investigating the sources of atmospheric CO and methane.Back in New Zealand, <mask> worked as a research scientist at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), until the end of 2007, when he left to form a small company specialising in climate change education and promoting renewable energy. The same company contracts to the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) where <mask> served as the NZ / Germany science coordinator from 2012 – 2018. Until it concluded in 2016, <mask> coordinated funding support with an initiative known as FRIENZ that had the goal of facilitating research and innovation co-operation between Europe and New Zealand. He remains an Adjunct Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry at the Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington. Significant achievements

Baring Head Clean Air Monitoring Station
<mask> had a key role in establishing this station that since 1972 has been measuring CO2 in the atmosphere and has the longest continuous record of atmospheric CO in the Southern Hemisphere.His part in setting up the station began when he met Keeling – the inventor of the upward-climbing chart of atmospheric CO known as the Keeling Curve – who wanted somebody to start measuring in the Southern Hemisphere to see if CO growth matched what he was seeing in the north. <mask> found a windy, barren headland – Baring Head near the entrance to Wellington Harbour – and built an automatic air-sampling machine using parts from a telephone exchange. During a southerly, the Antarctic winds came straight over the ocean, and <mask> needed to know at Baring Head that there were no obstructions likely to change or affect that movement of air.After gathering data, <mask> and Keeling concluded that  "the planet was breathing – in during the Northern Hemisphere growing season as plants sucked up more CO, out during the northern winter, when the deciduous trees dropped their leaves – but the amount of CO left in the atmosphere after each breath was rising." Scientists would later "fingerprint" the carbon to prove it was coming from people burning fossil fuels, and the Baring Head measuring station would expand to chart rising methane and other greenhouse gases. This data was used when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded in 2007 that it was very likely – 90 per cent certain – that rising greenhouse gases were to blame for most warming in global average temperatures since the mid 20th century. After eight years, the project was considered important enough to be handed over to another respected climate scientist, Martin Manning when <mask> won a scholarship to study in Germany. Carbon Watch New Zealand, established in 2019, is a collaborative project to measure greenhouse gases and draws on the work done at Baring Point. In a podcast in 2020 related to this project <mask> recalled the early days at Baring Head. He also reiterated the importance of measuring CO and methane gases but explained that as the temperature of the atmosphere heats up, these gases drive an increase in water vapour which <mask> contends is a major cause of the temperature of the earth rising, making water vapour "by far the strongest greenhouse gas".Nobel Peace Prize
In 2007, <mask> was one of several New Zealand scientists who contributed toward the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), set up jointly by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, to provide an authoritative international statement of scientific understanding of climate change. As a result of this work, the Nobel Peace Prize 2007 was awarded jointly to the IPCC and Al Gore "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change." <mask> was a lead author for the section Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing', Working Group 1 (The Physical Science Basis). The Royal Society of New Zealand Te Apārangi published a full list of the team of New Zealand researchers who contributed to this work, acknowledging the influence the group had on the project. Controversies

Rebuttal of climate change denial
In 2003, Chris de Freitas, then of Auckland University, challenged the belief at the time that global warming caused by human activity was abruptly changing Earth's climate. <mask>, along with other National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) scientists David Wratt and Brett Mullan all of whom had worked together on the 2001 Climate Change report, rebutted De Freitas's viewpoint. It had been claimed by de Freitas that "atmospheric carbon dioxide levels [were] being stabilised by increased plant growth and other feedback mechanisms", but <mask>, Wratt and Mullan presented a graph depicting "steadily rising carbon dioxide levels measured at Baring Head between 1971 and 2002...[which showed]...that atmospheric levels of the gas are increasing steadily...[ and that]...worldwide surface temperature rises are real...and not due to urban effects, as de Freitas argued."Collaboration on a popular book
In March 2008, Gareth Morgan, asked <mask> to assist him in evaluating the research on climate change for his book Poles Apart. <mask>, recently retired, was asked to led a small group of scientists, including marine geologist Lionel Carter, a colleague of <mask>'s from the Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University, to  cover what was considered as the 'mainstream view' about climate change. Morgan's plan was to canvas the opinions of well-known climate denialists around the world and get <mask> and his team to provide commentaries on their seminal works. These critiques would be sent back to the denialists to get their responses. A significant work by sceptics critiqued by <mask>'s team was Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate: Summary for Policymakers of the Report of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change, edited by Fred Singer. This document, produced shortly after the publication of the IPCC Fourth Assessment (2007), took the stance that the position of the IPCC did not provide a balanced view in the debate about Climate change. <mask> noted that it took his team 'weeks to get to grips with the many inconsistencies, faulty citations and straw man arguments' in the Stringer document.After the publication of the book, some mainstream scientists expressed concerns about the book and the involvement of <mask> in its production. Dr Andy Reisinger, who assisted with the book, noted that while it was impressive the authors engaged "directly with scientific literature, rather than following only second-hand arguments", it was problematic that their stated goal was to "settle as independent judge and jury". John McCrystal who co-authored the book, responded to Resinger's comments and stated that he and Morgan "didn't claim any special legal or scientific knowledge, just a willingness to apply ourselves, to the limits of our ability, to the expert testimony being presented." <mask>, Adjunct Professor of Atmospheric Chemistry, Carter, Professor of Marine Geology and Barrett, Professor of Geology, later reflected on their experiences as the expert panel tasked with trying to convince economist Gareth Morgan that global warming is the result of human activity and concluded that "the book will have a huge impact with the New Zealand public." Publication of memoir
The Alarmist (2021) is <mask>'s memoir that was originally to be called Atmosphere until he accepted the advice of his publishers to change it to Alarmist because he realised that was what he had become -"an alarmist in the sense of sounding the alarm about a very real threat to the Earth's biosphere, to the Earth's atmosphere." The book received many favourable reviews that backgrounded <mask>'s life and struggles and eventual triumphs. Joel MacManus explored his difficult upbringing, the "brutally demanding work" under Charles Keeling, the breakdown in his marriage and the ongoing conflicts with climate change deniers, quoting <mask> as saying his story is one of "elation and despair", but that he is "optimistic because of his work as a mentor for youth-change climate action groups such as Fridays for Future".Jim Eagles said the book gives examples of <mask>'s ingenuity as a scientist, "using what we like to think of as typical Kiwi ingenuity to conduct innovative experiments on the cheap: something well-illustrated by the cover photo of a young <mask> standing on the exposed edge of Wellington's Baring Head in the teeth of a howling gale to collect samples of air fresh from the Southern Ocean...[with]... a fascinating cast of characters, too: a few narrow-minded administrators and colleagues with their own agendas who considered climate research unimportant and a lot of dedicated scientists around the world seeking to find out what is happening to Earth’s climate." A review in The Spinoff by Clarrie Macklin, himself a glaciologist who had dealt with the harsh  realities of climate change daily and the challenges of working with glaciers, said that <mask>'s book was beginning to "thaw out the emotional stress...[and took him back]...to a time before flash computers and health and safety standards for research fieldwork – a mystical era known as the 1970s." Macklin continued that the book is "more than a piece of science history: it’s a memoir, full of humour and enthusiasm, elation and despair...[revealing]... moments of scientific inspiration, yet usually with a beer, chippie bowl, or coffee at hand...[and]...the science <mask> describes is a monumental achievement; the ordeals he faced as one of the first witnesses of climate change are impressive." Another reviewer noted that the book is credible because <mask> is honest about the situation of climate change and explains the science without using jargon or scientific language. The reviewer said that "his style will really appeal to an audience that may not have considered reading up on climate change before, or wanted to but were just intimidated by the subject matter." <mask> himself contributed an edited extract from the book as an essay in The Guardian, concluding that "the challenges ahead are formidable but I truly believe that, given the will and with concerted action, human beings are more than capable of building a sustainable future." The New Zealand Listener headlined their review of the memoir with: "A Kiwi scientist's climate warning is lucid, persuasive and entertaining."Awards
<mask> was awarded the 2020 Wellingtonian of the Year Environmental Award. References

External links
Review of Poles Apart
Carbon Watch & 50 years of CO2 measurements in NZ
Good news for clean air
Confronting Climate Change
Impact of humans on climate change
Seminar 2007
Action Day 2015

New Zealand climatologists
Climate change in New Zealand
Climate activists
Living people
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change lead authors
1946 births
Victoria University of Wellington alumni

masks:
David Charles Lowe
Lowe
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title: Girma Yohannes Iyasu

texts:
Prince (Abeto Lij) <mask> (born 1961) is the Iyasuist claimant to the throne of Ethiopian Empire. He is also known by the name Professor Dr. <mask>sie. Life
He is the son of Dejazmatch <mask> (1915-1977). Through his father, <mask> is a grandson of <mask>, Emperor-designate of Ethiopia from 1913 until 1916 when he was deposed by Dejazmach Teferi Mekonen with the support of the British, French and Italian Ministers (Thesiger, Brice and Coli) and excommunicated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, which deprived him of his rights of succession. <mask> was the son of Negus Mikael of Sion, and matrilineal grandson of Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia. <mask> grew up in the monasteries of Asebot, Dega Estifanos (Lake Tana) and Debre Damo. At the age of 7 he left Ethiopia in 1968 with the help of Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia, grandson of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany in collaboration with Lij Mered and Lij Mesfin Birru (sons of Ras Birru Woldegabriel) plus the then Governor of Djibouti.He received his education at the London School of Economics (United Kingdom), University of California, Berkeley (USA) and Universities of Heidelberg, Bielefeld and Bremen (Germany). He has also worked as an instructor and researcher at the University of Bremen, University of Miami, London School of Economics and Haramaya University (as chairman of the governing board of the university). Iyasuist claimant
Lij <mask> claims that not only the governments of Empress Zewditu and Emperor Haile Selassie were illegitimate, but also that Haile Selassie himself was too far down the line of succession to claim the crown according to the rule of the Ethiopian royal house since Menelik I. As such, as a grandson of Lij <mask>, he claims to be the leading core member of the Solomonic dynasty from the house of David and rightful monarch of Ethiopia. This however is not based or supported by any constitutional or traditional procedure, since Ethiopia did not receive its first modern constitution addressing order of succession until 1931, and the old traditional male line succession would have gone to Dejazmach Taye Gulilat after Menelik II and not to Lij Iyasu; Lij <mask>, Ras Kassa and Emperor Haile Selassie were all descended from the royal house through female lines, and had roughly equivalent claims to each other. The claim of the Iyasuist line is based solely on the legal will of Emperor Menelik II which designated Lij Iyasu as his heir, and which opponents argue was cancelled by Lij <mask>'s excommunication. The Iyasuist claims are challenged by the excommunication of Lij Iyasu (Iyasu V) by Mattheos X, Abuna of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church, and the fact that Iyasu declined to be crowned, citing the fact that he did not want to occupy a higher office before he united the Ethiopians and throw out the Italians from Eritrea.He was the founder of the first Ethiopian government auditing systems, municipality, the police force and judicial reforms. He was the first monarch to build Mosques for the neglected and highly disadvantaged Muslims of Ethiopia. Lij <mask> is the only one currently making an active Iyasuist claim to the throne. His pretentions are however undermined due to the very large number of descendants of Lij <mask> that exist with an equal or arguably superior claim. His claim may also be subject to the test of loyalties according to which members who have abjured their citizenship, faith, or married non-Ethiopians may fail. Lij <mask> himself, being married to a non-Ethiopian, would fail this test. Lij <mask> uses the title of H.I.H.Abeto-Hoy Lij <mask> <mask> Iyassu Menelik II ("Crown Prince of Ethiopia") as his title of pretence. The title of Crown Prince is also claimed by Leul Zera Yacob Amha Selassie the grandson of Emperor Haile Selassie I. The throne of Ethiopia since the reign of HIM Atse (Emperor) Menelik II have been subject to the guardianship of the Imperial Crown Council of Ethiopia. It was the Imperial Crown Council headed by Fitawrari Habtegiorgis Dinagde that removed the sitting(if uncrowned) Lij <mask> (Iyasu V) for cause. The same Council elevated a royal cousin, Tafari Makonnen to be Crown Prince of Ethiopia, and proclaimed Zauditu Menelik as Queen of Kings, Lion of Judah, Elect of God and Empress of Ethiopia. The Crown Council actions paid heed to one of the wishes of Menelik II, who while alive had all but elevated his first cousin (father of Ras Tafari), Ras Makonnen, to be his successor. Ras Tafari Makonnen went on to become, again by consent of the Crown Council of the time, Emperor Haile Selassie I.The functions of the Imperial Crown Council, verification not only of constitutional legitimacy of an intendant monarch but also compliance of the same with the ancient code of the Fetha Negest is one of the most important in the Ethiopian crowns orders of succession. The Fetha Negest codes require an Emperor to be able to function in his role both as head of the nation, as well as head of the armed forces in times of conflict. The 1930 constitution of Ethiopia attempts to codify the order of succession in modern terms. But the centuries-old Fetha Negest and Fetha Negest scholars still prevail in discussions on points of law and conflict between the old and the new. Under the old Fetha Negest rules, Lij <mask>'s claims would be far junior to those of the male line heirs of Dejazmatch Taye Gulilat, and under the 1930 and 1955 constitutions, his claims would be non-existent. The male line heirs of Dejazmatch Taye Gulilat do not however currently make a claim on the Imperial throne. Lij <mask>'s claim to fame came in the 1999 re-interment of H.I.M.Emperor Haile Selassie I when a newspaper article suggested in an interview with him that he felt the late monarch deserved his fate. He demanding to know what was done with the remains of his grandfather Lij <mask>, and also suggested that a search be conducted for his remains and that his bones should be placed in the tomb currently occupied by those of Princess Tsehai Haile Selassie in the crypt of the Ba'eta Le Mariam Monastery where Emperor Menelik II is buried. He suggested that the Princess be reinterred at Holy Trinity Cathedral alongside Haile Selassie I and his heirs. The article was used by the EPRDF government as one of its many attempts to shed a negative light on the period of mourning for Emperor Haile Selassie and show that there were rifts within the monarchist movement. Lij <mask> was widely condemned at the time for his lack of traditional Ethiopian etiquette and for the very coarse language he used in the article. Little has been heard of him in Ethiopia since. He is President of the Ethiopian Democratic Party in Germany.Family
Lij <mask> is married to Claudia Bertram, who, since their marriage, goes by the name Princess <mask> Menelik. They have one son:

 Lij Kaerrod <mask> (Iyasu V Kifle Yacob). Lij <mask> also has two daughters from a previous relationship with the daughter of an American industrialist. Notable published works
 "Strategische Marktforschung Und Instrumente Des Strategischen Marketings" (1989). "Kalter Krieg Am Horn Von Afrika: Regional-Konflikte Athiopien Und Somalia Im Spannungsfeld Der Supermachte 1945-1991" (1999). Ancestry

References

Ethiopian Royal Family
Ethiopian princes
1961 births
Living people
Pretenders to the Ethiopian throne

masks:
Girma Yohannes Iyasu
Girma Amente Ghebresilla
Yohannes Iyasu
Lij Girma
Lij Iyasu
Iyasu
Lij Girma Yohannes
Girma
Iyasu
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Yohannes
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Iyasu
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Claudia Iyasu
Girma
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