title: Tim Scott

texts:
 Elections
2014

<mask> ran to serve the final two years of DeMint's term and won. In January 2014 he signed an amicus brief in support of Senator Ron Johnson's legal challenge to the U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Affordable Care Act ruling. 2016

<mask> was reelected to a full term in office.He was endorsed by the Club for Growth. In July 2018, <mask> and Senators Cory Booker and Kamala Harris introduced a bipartisan bill to make lynching a federal hate crime. In February 2019, <mask> was one of 16 senators to vote against legislation preventing a partial government shutdown and containing $1.375 billion for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border that included 55 miles of fencing. In April 2021, <mask> delivered the Republican response to President Biden's Joint Address to Congress. On May 28, 2021, <mask> voted against creating an independent commission to investigate the 2021 Capital attack. 2022

In August 2019, <mask> said, "I plan to run for reelection, but that will be my last one, if I run." Justice Act
<mask> led the drafting of a bill on race and police reform.Amid skeptical reactions from others in the black community he tweeted, "Not surprising the last 24 hours have seen a lot of 'token' 'boy' or 'you're being used' in my mentions" and "Let me get this straight ... you DON'T want the person who has faced racial profiling by police, been pulled over dozens of times, or been speaking out for YEARS drafting this?". <mask>'s 106-page Justice Act included:
Increased federal reporting requirements for use of force, no-knock warrants. Increased penalties for false police reports. Withhold funding for police departments that allow chokeholds when deadly force is not authorized. Grants for expanding police body cameras with penalties for failing to use them. Creates a database of police disciplinary records for use in hiring. Created a federal crime for lynching.Directed the Justice Department to provide training on deescalation tactics and implement duty-to-intervene policies. The bill lacked provisions demanded by Democrats, including restrictions on qualified immunity. Nancy Pelosi called <mask>'s bill "inadequate", and said Republicans "understand that there's a need to get something done. ... They admit that and have some suggestions that are worthy of consideration—but so far, they were trying to get away with murder, actually—the murder of George Floyd." Senate Minority Whip Democrat Dick Durbin called the bill "token" legislation, although he later apologized to <mask>. Two Democrats and one Independent senator who caucuses with Democrats broke with the party to support <mask>'s bill, but ultimately Democrats used the filibuster to block it; it received 55 of the required 60 votes.Committee assignments

Current
 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
 Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection
 Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment
 Committee on Finance
 Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
 Subcommittee on Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight
 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
 Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Primary Health and Retirement Security
 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
 Special Committee on Aging

Previous
 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2013–2015)
 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (2013–2015)
 Committee on Armed Services (2018–2019)

Personal life
<mask> is unmarried. He owns an insurance agency and is a partner in Pathway Real Estate Group, LLC. <mask> is an evangelical Protestant. He has said that Steven Furtick's worship song The Blessing is what helped him make it through the COVID-19 pandemic. He is a member of Seacoast Church, a large evangelical church in Charleston, and a former member of that church's board. Views

Taxes and spending
<mask> believes that federal spending and taxes should be reduced, with a Balanced Budget Amendment and the FairTax respectively implemented for spending and taxes. Health care
<mask> believes the Affordable Care Act should be repealed.He has said that U.S. health care is among the greatest in the world, that people all over the world come to study in American medical schools, waiting lists are rare, and that Americans are able to choose their insurance, providers, and course of treatment. <mask> supports an alternative to the ACA that he says keeps its benefits while controlling costs by reforming the medical tort system by limiting non-economic damages and by reforming Medicare. In January 2019, <mask> was one of six senators to cosponsor the Health Insurance Tax Relief Act, delaying the Health Insurance Tax for two years. Earmarks
<mask> opposes earmarks. Economic development
<mask> supports infrastructure development and public works for his district. He opposes restrictions on deepwater oil drilling. He proposed the opportunity zone designation in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.Social issues
<mask> describes himself as pro-life. He supports adult and cord blood stem cell research, but opposes taxpayer-funded embryonic stem cell research and the creation of human embryos for experimentation. He opposes assisted suicide and same-sex marriage. Immigration
<mask> supports federal legislation similar to Arizona SB 1070. He supports strengthening penalties for employers who knowingly hire illegal immigrants. He also promotes cultural assimilation by making English the official language in the government and requiring new immigrants to learn English. He opposes a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.Labor
<mask> introduced a bill that would deny food stamps to families whose incomes declined to the point of eligibility because a family member was participating in a labor strike. Foreign policy
<mask> advocates continued military presence in Afghanistan and believes early withdrawal would benefit Al-Qaeda. He views Iran as the world's most dangerous country and believes the U.S. should aid pro-democracy groups there. <mask> opposed the 2011 military intervention in Libya. China
In November 2017, in response to efforts by China to purchase US tech companies, <mask> was one of nine cosponsors of a bill that would broaden the federal government's ability to prevent foreign purchases of U.S. firms by strengthening the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to allow it to review and possibly decline smaller investments and add national security factors, including whether information about Americans would be exposed as part of transactions or whether a deal would facilitate fraud. Trade
In January 2018, <mask> was one of 36 Republican senators to sign a letter seeking to preserve the North American Free Trade Agreement by modernizing it for the 21st century. Police body cameras
After the shooting of <mask> (no relation), <mask> urged the Senate to hold hearings on police body cameras.Environment
In 2017, <mask> was one of 22 senators to sign a letter to President Donald Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, <mask> has received over $540,000 in political donations from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012. Judicial nominations

<mask> did not support the nomination of Ryan Bounds to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, effectively killing the nomination. His decision was based on what he called Bounds's "bigoted statements he made as a Stanford student in the 1990s." Marco Rubio joined him in opposing the nomination shortly thereafter, prompting Mitch McConnell to drop the nomination. In November 2018, <mask> bucked his party in opposing the nomination of Thomas A. Farr for a federal judgeship.Farr had been accused of suppression of African-American voters. <mask> cited Farr's involvement in the 1984 and 1990 Senate campaigns of Jesse Helms, which sought to suppress black voters, and a 1991 memo from the Department of Justice under the George H. W. Bush administration that stated that "Farr was the primary coordinator of the 1984 'ballot security' program conducted by the NCGOP and 1984 Helms for Senate Committee. He coordinated several 'ballot security' activities in 1984, including a postcard mailing to voters in predominantly black precincts that was designed to serve as a basis to challenge voters on election day." Further explaining his vote, <mask> said the Republican Party was "not doing a very good job of avoiding the obvious potholes on race in America." In an editorial, the Wall Street Journal criticized <mask>, arguing that Democrats would see Farr's defeat as a "vindication of their most underhanded and inflammatory racial tactics." In a letter to the Wall Street Journal, <mask> said the publication was trying to "deflect concerns" about Farr's nomination. President Trump and race relations
In 2017, <mask> reacted to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville by acknowledging that "Racism is real.It is alive". Asked to comment on Trump's statement that there had been "good people" on both sides at the rally and that there was "blame on both sides" for the violence that ensued, <mask> said that while Trump had initially "rejected hatred, bigotry, and racism" in his "strong" comments on the ensuing Monday, his comments on Tuesday "started erasing the comments that were strong. What we want to see from our president is clarity and moral authority. And that moral authority is compromised when Tuesday happens. There's no question about that [...] I'm not going to defend the indefensible." Trump invited <mask> to meet with him on Wednesday, after which <mask> said that Trump "was very receptive to listening. That is a key to understanding", and that he had "obviously reflected on what he's said, on his intentions and the perceptions of those comments" which were "not exactly what he intended".<mask> called upon Trump to delete his tweets that attacked demonstrators against the murder of George Floyd. <mask> said, "Those are not constructive tweets, without any question. I'm thankful that we can have the conversation. ... We talked about the fact that there is a constructive way to have a dialogue with a nation in this similar fashion that we had a conversation after Charlottesville, the President will listen, if you engage him with the facts of the issue". <mask> also advocated that Trump delete his retweet of supporters chanting "White power", which he soon did. Electoral history

See also
 Black conservatism in the United States
 List of African-American Republicans
 List of African-American United States representatives
 List of African-American United States senators

References

External links
 Senator <mask> official U.S. Senate website
 <mask> for Senate

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1965 births
20th-century Christians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Christians
African-American Christians
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
African-American state legislators in South Carolina
African-American people in South Carolina politics
African-American United States senators
American evangelicals
Charleston Southern University alumni
Christians from South Carolina
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
People from North Charleston, South Carolina
Real estate and property developers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Republican Party United States senators
South Carolina Republicans
United States senators from South Carolina
21st-century African-American politicians
20th-century

masks:
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Walter Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Tim Scott
Tim Scott


title: Wanderlei Silva

type: original

texts:
<mask> ( , , ; born 3 July 1976) is a Brazilian-American mixed martial artist who has competed in Japan's Pride Fighting Championships and the American-based Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He holds the record for the most wins, knockouts, title defenses and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He is the former PRIDE Middleweight Champion and the 2003 PRIDE Middleweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion. He most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask>'s aggressive style is rooted in street brawling, refined with elements of Muay Thai and kickboxing which he began learning at the age of 13 in Chute Boxe Academy in his hometown Curitiba. As a late teen he joined the Brazilian army and was quickly recognized for his fighting talents and rose up in the ranks. There he was asked to join Vale Tudo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu school.<mask> enlisted after already winning fight tournaments in his age group in Brazil. <mask> would develop scar tissue around his eyes from fighting in bare-knuckle vale tudo. <mask>'s first professional match was on 1 November 1996, in the bare-knuckle Brazilian Vale Tudo Fighting organization (BVF), where he knocked out Dilson Filho via right elbow at BVF 6. He fought in one other match in BVF, BVF 10 on 1 July 1997, against Marcelo Barbosa, who submitted due to a shoulder injury. <mask> fought six matches in four different International Vale Tudo Championship events, IVC 2, IVC 6, IVC 9 and IVC 10, from 1997 to 1999. He won five of these matches by KO/TKO, with his one loss being the result of a cut stoppage against Artur Mariano in the IVC 2 show on 15 September 1997. Though <mask> dominated Mariano with punches and knee strikes, the cut was above <mask>'s left eyelid and opened back up several times, partially because <mask> continued to use the cut side of his head to inflict many headbutts on Mariano over the course of the match.The doctor observed the cut several times before the fight was ended. <mask> culminated his IVC career by winning the promotion's Cruiserweight belt with a submission win over Eugene Jackson in the IVC 10 show on 27 April 1999. It was after this fight that <mask> earned the nickname "The Axe Murderer". <mask> participated in one Meca World Vale Tudo event, Meca 2 on 12 August 2000, where he knocked out Todd Medina with Muay Thai knees. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> entered the UFC on 16 October 1998, at UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil, in a match against Vitor Belfort. The match was arguably the worst defeat of his career, lasting only 44 seconds and ending with <mask> being knocked down against the cage by Belfort's punches then being stopped by the referee. <mask> won his next UFC match on 7 May 1999, at UFC 20, in which he knocked out Tony Petarra with knees.On 14 April 2000, <mask> fought for the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship, but lost via unanimous decision to Tito Ortiz at UFC 25. Pride Fighting championships
<mask> debuted in PRIDE at the Pride 7 event on 12 September 1999, against Carl Ognibene (better known as Carl "Malenko"). <mask> used his strength to control Malenko from the ground, demonstrating his grappling expertise, coming very close to securing a guillotine choke and a rear-naked choke during round one, in addition to landing many powerful knees from the clinch. <mask> continued to dominate Malenko en route to a decision victory. This dominance would set the tone for <mask>'s career in the organization. From 1999 to 2004, <mask> won eighteen-straight fights in PRIDE, excluding a draw against Mirko Cro Cop (under slightly modified rules in which if the match would go to the time limit, the bout would be declared a draw) and a no contest against Gilbert Yvel (<mask> accidentally kicked Yvel in the groin), giving him a twenty-fight unbeaten streak. <mask>'s reputation as a formidable MMA fighter grew as he developed a successful 5-year win record in the middle weight division (205 lb) of Pride.<mask> fought Japanese superstar Kazushi Sakuraba for the first time at Pride 13 - Collision Course on 25 March 2001. <mask> won via TKO (knees and soccer kick) at 1:38 into the first round. At Pride 17: Championship Chaos on 3 November 2001, <mask> won the inaugural Pride middleweight (205 lb) championship when he defeated Sakuraba for the second time. Sakuraba suffered a broken clavicle and was forced to withdraw after the first round, giving <mask> a TKO win via doctor's stoppage. The two fought for a third time on 10 August 2003 at Pride Total Elimination 2003, part of the PRIDE Middleweight Tournament. <mask> knocked out Sakuraba with a two punch combination at 5:01 into the first round. <mask> faced Quinton "Rampage" Jackson at Pride Final Conflict 2003 on 9 November 2003.<mask> won by TKO after delivering seventeen consecutive knees to Jackson. <mask> became Pride's 2003 tournament champion with the win. The two fought again on 31 October 2004 at Pride 28: High Octane. Jackson knocked <mask> down near the end of the first round and mounted him as the bell rang. In round two <mask> caught Jackson with a counter right hand and followed up with knees from the thai clinch knocking Jackson out, successfully defending the Pride middleweight championship with the win. In Japan, <mask> additionally gained his reputation as a fighter who has never been defeated by any Japanese opponent, resulting in a trend of various Japanese fighters being arranged by Pride to face him. <mask>'s undefeated 5-year streak (18 wins, 13 knockouts) in PRIDE was broken by Samoan Heavyweight Mark Hunt, a K-1 champion on 31 December 2004 at the Pride Shockwave 2004 event.Hunt won the non-title match by split decision. The decision was controversial because some who felt that Hunt's weight of 280 lb (125 kg), over 80 lb more than <mask>, as well as <mask>'s performance in rounds two and three, had not been sufficiently considered by the judges in their decision; Randy Couture and Bas Rutten, both being commentators at the event, expressed disagreement with the judges decision. <mask> also took this fight on two days notice. Nonetheless, <mask>'s 2004 campaign earned him Fighter of the Year honors from both Sherdog and the Wrestling Observer Newsletter. <mask>'s former status as PRIDE Middleweight Champion first came under debate and criticism with his loss to Ricardo Arona (who subsequently lost the tournament to <mask>'s teammate, Mauricio "Shogun" Rua) on 28 August 2005 at Pride Final Conflict 2005. The loss, by unanimous decision in the tournament's semi-finals, was <mask>'s first defeat in a middleweight match in Pride; however, since it was not a title fight and held under special rules due to the grand prix format (2 rounds instead of 3), <mask> was still recognized as the middleweight champion. A rematch between Arona and <mask> was scheduled to take place at the Pride Shockwave 2005 event on 31 December 2005.Mere minutes before the fight, <mask>'s teammate Cristiano Marcello had choked Charles Bennett unconscious in the locker room after a confrontation. Waking up, Bennett struck <mask> with an elbow strike knocking him down unconscious. Despite the incident, <mask> went on to win the fight by split decision. On 18 May 2006, Pride's parent company, Dream Stage Entertainment (DSE), announced that <mask> would replace Pride heavyweight champion Fedor Emelianenko in the Open Weight Grand Prix. Emelianenko's doctors stated that his hand, which had recently undergone surgery, would not be in good enough shape to fight because the metal implant would still be present. Because <mask> was also a champion, he received a first round bye and fought in the second round at Pride Critical Countdown Absolute, which took place on 1 July 2006. <mask> moved to the semi-finals of the Open Weight Grand Prix after defeating Kazuyuki Fujita by TKO (punches and soccer kicks) at 9:21 of round one.On 8 July 2006, at UFC 61: Bitter Rivals, UFC president Dana White announced <mask> would face Chuck Liddell in a UFC event held in November, provided Liddell beat Renato "Babalu" Sobral at UFC 62. Liddell did end up winning that fight. However, talks dwindled and the fight as advertised did not happen. On 10 September 2006, at Pride Final Conflict Absolute, <mask> <mask> was knocked out by Mirko Cro Cop in their rematch during the Heavyweight Grand Prix semi-finals. After a brief stoppage to tend to a swollen eye on <mask>, "Cro Cop" struck <mask> in the head with a left kick, knocking him out. On 21 October 2006 at Pride 32: The Real Deal, Wanderlei issued his challenge to Chuck Liddell to a fight inside a Pride ring in February, when the promotion returned to Las Vegas, however Dana White stated that the fight would not be happening, citing <mask>'s recent KO loss to Mirko Cro Cop which would have not allowed the NSAC to clear him medically for the fight that soon after being knocked out. <mask> put his Pride middleweight title on the line against Dan Henderson, Pride's welterweight (183 lb) champion at Pride 33: The Second Coming, held on 24 February 2007, in Las Vegas, Nevada.In a night of upsets, Henderson knocked out <mask> in the third round with a left hook to become the new middleweight champion. <mask> was denied the ability to participate in Pride 34 due to medical suspension by the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC) which made this his last Pride appearance. <mask> almost never lost under pure Pride rules at 205 pounds. Return to the UFC

On 17 August 2007, the UFC announced that they had signed <mask> <mask> to compete in the organization and that he would return to the Octagon on 29 December 2007 at UFC 79. After months of speculation about <mask>'s opponent, UFC President Dana White announced that Chuck Liddell would be <mask>'s opponent for his return match. The long-awaited match happened on 29 December 2007 at UFC 79 with <mask> losing to Liddell by unanimous decision. After the fight <mask> said, "Win or lose I like to give the emotion for my fans" He also added that he gave his best and promised that next time he will deliver a win.Keeping to his promise, on 24 May 2008 at UFC 84 in Las Vegas, he earned a decisive KO win against Keith Jardine at the 36-second mark of the first round, earning him Knockout of the Night honors. When Jardine threw a kick, <mask> countered with a right-left-right combo that dropped him. <mask> then finished the fight with ground strikes to earn the knockout. At UFC 92, <mask> fought Quinton Jackson, who he had beaten twice previously in PRIDE. Jackson

masks:
Wanderlei César da Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei


title: Wanderlei Silva

texts:
 avenged his previous defeats by knocking <mask> out with a left hook in the first round. Following the fight, <mask> indicated that he would like to face Jackson again in the future. <mask> faced Rich Franklin at UFC 99 at a catchweight bout of 195 lb.After a hard-fought match on both sides, <mask> lost via unanimous decision to Franklin. During the second round, <mask> rocked Franklin hard with punches and almost finished the fight during that moment. This was counterbalanced by Franklin dropping <mask> three times in that round, each time with singular strikes. <mask> then announced he would be out of action until 2010, as he underwent facial surgery to repair his nose (which was broken during <mask>'s second fight with Cro Cop, and then repeatedly broken again in later matches) and remove some scar tissue from above his eyes to avoid bleeding and being easily cut open during future fights. The surgery allowed him to breathe through a once completely blocked nose thus increasing his oxygen intake by 30% by doctor's estimates. At UFC 110, announcer Joe Rogan emphatically stated that Wanderlei looked like a totally different person in the wake of his recent facial reconstructive surgery. <mask> made his middleweight (185 lb) debut during UFC 110 against Michael Bisping on 21 February 2010.During the fight Bisping was able to take <mask> down several times during the first round, however Wanderlei came back with a flurry of punches at the end of the first round, a tight guillotine choke in the second, and a right hook that dropped Bisping in the third. After three rounds of fighting, <mask> was awarded the unanimous decision victory (29–28, 29–28, and 29–28) and his first victory in almost two years. Although winning only one of his previous 6 bouts, he was slightly favored going into the fight as it was widely speculated that Bisping was apprehensive to fight toe-to-toe after being viciously knocked out by Dan Henderson on 11 July 2009 in UFC 100. After the fight, an emotional <mask> told the audience, "In your life you have bad moments. Everybody has bad moments, but if you believe in God and working hard, good moments they’ll come". <mask> attributed his success to working with his previous trainer Raphael Cordeiro. Bisping added, "Wanderlei's a great opponent ...I felt the reason he got the decision was the knockdown right at the end". <mask> was expected to face former K-1 HERO'S Light heavyweight Champion Yoshihiro Akiyama at UFC 116. However, on 22 June, <mask> had to pull out due to breaking three ribs during training. Akiyama would instead be fighting on the card, against Chris Leben. After Leben defeated Akiyama with a triangle choke in the third round Leben verbally called out <mask> saying "Come on Wanderlei, I'll take you out too" in his post fight interview. "He represented very well, he's a good opponent," said <mask> of "The Crippler." "I think if he's gonna wait that I'm gonna fight him next however Dana White has not considered a <mask> fight happening anytime soon."<mask> underwent knee surgery in late July 2010 and his doctors had stated that he would need to wait at least 4 months before returning to training. This meant that he would not be seen fighting in the octagon again until early 2011. <mask> was scheduled to face Brian Stann at UFC 130. However, after <mask> voiced his reluctance to face Stann, he was replaced on the card by returning UFC veteran Jorge Santiago. On 4 April 2011, the UFC announced that <mask>'s next opponent would be Chris Leben with the two scheduled to meet at UFC 132. on 2 July 2011. During the fight's first round Leben won by KO with several uppercuts before following <mask> to the ground for a referees stoppage at the 27 second mark. When Dana White was asked about his thoughts on Wanderlei's possible retirement, he said he felt it would be the best time for Wanderlei to retire but in the end it is up to whether Wanderlei himself would like to fight again.<mask> would fight again after replacing an injured Vitor Belfort against former Strikeforce Middleweight champion Cung Le at UFC 139. Le managed to confuse <mask> with his unorthodox kicks, and landed a spinning backfist that dropped <mask>. During the second round, <mask> managed to shake Le with huge punches and knees that completely broke Le's nose. Le was stunned, bloody and fell to the ground, and the fight was stopped by the referee. Afterwards in the press conference, Dana White commented that it was a good stoppage and that Cung was taken to the hospital. <mask> and Vitor Belfort coached The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil  A rematch with Belfort was expected to take place on 23 June 2012 at UFC 147 but due to a broken hand Vitor Belfort had to withdraw from the match. <mask> faced Rich Franklin in a 190 lb catchweight at the event.Franklin and <mask> fought once before at UFC 99, where Franklin won via unanimous decision. Despite <mask> nearly finishing Franklin in the second round, the result was the same when the pair met for a second time at UFC 147, where Franklin again won by unanimous decision 49–46. In an interview with Sherdog asking about his future, <mask> said: "I want to either fight a catchweight bout at 198 pounds (90 kg) or at light heavyweight. At middleweight, I'm very hungry (laughs). Right now, I'm doing weight training and some shadow boxing. I'm kind of on vacation now, paying attention to the family, but next year the Wand is back." <mask> faced Brian Stann in a Light heavyweight bout on 3 March 2013 at UFC on Fuel TV 8.The fight was notable as it was <mask>'s return to the Saitama Super Arena, where Pride FC ran the majority of its shows. <mask> defeated Stann via KO in the second round in a bout that featured back and forth action, and earned both participants Fight of the Night honors. On 22 October 2013, it was announced that <mask> will be coaching The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3, against long-time rival Chael Sonnen. A bout with Sonnen, briefly attached to UFC 173, then at The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Finale, was expected to take place on 5 July 2014 at UFC 175. Dana White later stated the fight had to be moved back when <mask> injured his hand and back during a brawl with Sonnen that took place during filming of the show. <mask> was ultimately pulled from the fight entirely after he failed to submit an application to fight in the state of Nevada, as well as his refusal to undergo a random drug test and was replaced by Vitor Belfort. On 10 June 2014, it was later reported that Chael Sonnen failed a drug test and would not be allowed to fight on UFC 175 card, as a result of the failed drug test, Sonnen announced his retirement from the sport the following day.As a result of his refusal to submit to the drug tests, <mask> was given a lifetime ban and a $70,000 fine by the Nevada State Athletic Commission at their meeting on 23 September 2014. In May 2015, judge Kerry Earley overturned the lifetime ban that was imposed on <mask> <mask> by the Nevada State Athletic Commission. In January 2016, following an apology to the UFC about their "fight-fixed" [a.k.a. fight fixing] and retracting his statement, he was released from his UFC contract. This allowed  him to do whatever he wanted with his career. Rizin FF
Subsequent to his ban, <mask> competed in a tag team grappling match with Kiyoshi Tamura against former opponent Kazushi Sakuraba and Hideo Tokoro at an event on 17 April 2016 for startup regional promotion Rizin Fighting Federation. The official result of the match was deemed a draw.In July 2016, it was announced that <mask> would return to mixed martial arts competition in Japan as part of Rizin's 16-man openweight tournament beginning 25 September 2016 in Tokyo. <mask> was scheduled to face Mirko Cro Cop in a trilogy bout on 29 December in the Rizin Open Weight quarter finals. However, on 2 December, <mask> withdrew from the bout citing injury. Bellator MMA
In early March 2016, Bellator MMA announced that <mask> had signed a multi-fight contract with the organization. The previous lifetime ban handed down by the Nevada State Athletic Commission was reduced to a three-year suspension retroactive to 24 May 2014. He was eligible for reinstatement beginning 25 May 2017. The ban would not prevent <mask> from competing at Indian Casinos or in Japan.After four years away from the sport, <mask> made his delayed Bellator debut against Chael Sonnen in the main event at Bellator NYC on 24 June 2017. <mask> lost a unanimous decision. On 25 June 2018, Bellator MMA announced that <mask> would face Rampage Jackson in a fourth match on 29 September 2018 at Bellator 206. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round two. On 29 September 2019, news surfaced that <mask>'s contract with Bellator had expired. Fighting style
<mask> is famous for his brutal, relentless style of Muay Thai, which was described as being "feral" and carrying "a terrifying ferocity". His main strength on the ring lays in his offensive striking skills, which see him overwhelming his adversaries with hooks, knee strikes, soccer kicks and stomps, as well as willingly taking any countershot in order to continue landing his own hits.He is also excellently skilled in attacking from the clinch, and in his prime, in using low kicks and effective jabs. Depending on the ruleset, and even in non-allowing ones, which brought some controversy, <mask> was also known for his usage of headbutts. Though his grappling expertise was initially considered inferior to his striking skills due to his preference for ground and pound, he enjoys a refined Brazilian jiu-jitsu transitional game. Personal life
<mask> and his wife have a son, Thor. He has a daughter from a previous relationship. On 26 August 2012 <mask>'s father, Holando Pinheiro <mask>, died in a car accident in Brazil. In April 2016, <mask> became an American citizen.After years of living in the United States, <mask> moved back to his hometown, Curitiba in Brazil. In 2018, <mask> admitted that he has been bearing symptoms consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and has expressed a wish to donate his brain for research. On 8 October 2020, Sem Coleira, a Portuguese biography book about <mask> was published. Wand Fight Team
Wand Fight Team is a mixed martial arts training organization headed by <mask> <mask>. It was founded in 2009 in Las Vegas, with a former franchise in Pensacola, Florida. The Las Vegas location features several famous MMA Instructors, including, Leandro Lorenco (BJJ), Michael Costa (Muay Thai & MMA), Pete Martin (Kids Wrestling & Fitness) and Erik Perez

masks:
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva Leben
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
da Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei
Silva


title: Suzy Lake

texts:
<mask>  (born June 24, 1947) is an American-Canadian artist based in Toronto, Canada, who is known for her work as a photographer, performance artist and video producer. Using a range of media, <mask> explores topics including identity, beauty, gender and aging. She is regarded as a pioneering feminist artist and a staunch political activist. <mask> was born June 24, 1947 in Detroit, Michigan. She began her fine art studies at Wayne State University and Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan from 1965 to 1968. During this period, she became involved with the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s. She also witnessed the Detroit Race Riots of 1967.Soon after, in 1968 <mask> immigrated to Canada with her husband to escape the Vietnam War draft. Settling in Montreal, she found herself amidst social upheaval as a result of the Quiet Revolution. <mask> completed a Master of Fine Arts degree at Concordia University in 1980. <mask> taught at the University of Guelph from the 1980s until her retirement in 2008, when she was given the title Professor Emerita. Artistic impact
Using costumes, make-up and props, <mask> creates photo-based self-portraits, often by assuming new identities. Her adopted personas highlight the possibilities for deception involved in posing for the camera. An example is "Suzy Lake As Patty Hearst", a project <mask> made in collaboration with Bill Jones, featuring the artist as the eponymous Hearst.American artist Cindy Sherman has cited <mask>'s photo-performance as an influence on her work. <mask> <mask> has twenty-five portfolios of her artwork. Each deals with politics of gender, identity and beauty. She creates art to express how what she does relates to what she is or to what people think she is. She uses her photographs, videos, and performances to draw attention to social norms and constraints. <mask> explained in an interview that she always uses herself in her art because this is how she develops understanding of social restrictions for women. <mask> uses art to control her own representation.Her earlier On Stage photos were influenced by Detroit. In these, <mask> photographed herself as a wife and mother but later she wanted to make work to reverse that . In Montréal, <mask> observed a marked power difference between genders, and she stated  that women have a "glass ceiling" that led to her Choreographed Puppet photos. More recently, <mask> introduced a new vision of beauty by displaying her older body in her portfolio entitled "Beauty and the Aging Body." Early work
<mask> lived in Montréal for about ten years. She taught at the Montreal Museum School (1969–1978) and was mentored by the Minimalist artist, Guido Molinari. She was active in the early conceptualist art scene there.In 1971, <mask> became a co-founder (with twelve other artists) of the artist-run gallery Véhicule Art Inc. <mask>'s work during this period was influenced by photo-based artists (including Les Levine) who were using the camera to represent an idea rather than documenting reality. This was also a period when <mask> began to concentrate on the subject of identity. In her 1973 series of photographs entitled A One Hour (Zero) Conversation with Allan B., she is the subject as the camera records her expression at various intervals of a candid conversation with a friend. To emphasize her expressions, <mask> used white face make-up. She then invited her friends and family to circle which of the photographs most represented her personality. In an interview in Magenta magazine, <mask> noted the influence of the political climate of the 1970s on her work. She stated: "I know that I am a feminist, but I can see that my politics originated in human rights issues, civil rights, the FLQ in Quebec and race issues in the States."In 2006, Roberta Smith of the New York Times compared her work to that of Cindy Sherman; however, Thomas Micchelli, reviewing the feminist collection of the Vienna-based Verbund AG for Hyperallergic.com asserts that <mask> was an influence on the latter in school. The two artists were contemporaries in the 1970s and in 1975 Sherman invited <mask> to exhibit in a Hallwalls show in New York. From the mid-1980s until 1994, <mask> ceased appearing as the subject of her work as she turned her attention to more direct forms of camera activism. Among her notable works from this period is a series of photographs she created in collaboration with the Teme-Augama Anishnabai Band of Bear Island in Temagami, Ontario, to bring greater public awareness to their land claim. <mask> continues to make work about the female body, now focusing on ageing. She exhibits her work worldwide. Major exhibitions
<mask> was the subject of a comprehensive retrospective exhibition, Introducing <mask> <mask>, at the Art Gallery of Ontario in 2014–15 curated by Georgiana Uhlyarik.In 2016, she received the Scotiabank Photography Award. This resulted in another survey exhibition curated by Gaëlle Morel at the Ryerson Image Center (RIC) in Toronto, as part of the 2017 Contact Photography Festival. Honours
<mask> <mask> is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 2016, she was recipient of Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts. and the Scotiabank Photography Award. Gallery representation
She has been represented by Galerie Gilles Gheerbrant (1974–1977); Jared Sable Gallery (1976–1990), and Paul Petro Contemporary Art (1995 – 2012). <mask> is currently represented by Georgia Scherman Projects, Toronto (2012 – ); Solway Jones Gallery, Los Angeles (2009 – ); Galerie Donald Browne, Montréal (2010 – ).Bibliography

Catalogues
 <mask> <mask>: Concealment/Revealment, (2006), Hallwalls Gallery, Buffalo, NY
 Attitudes et comportements, curator Jocelyn Fortin, <mask> <mask> (2002) ISBN TR647 L35 2002
 <mask> <mask>: Points of Reference by Martha Hanna (1993) ,
 <mask> <mask>: authority is an attribute, part II (1992) ,
 <mask> <mask>: are you talking to me? (1980) OCLC: N6545 V353
 For <mask> <mask>, Chris Knudsen, and Robert Walker (1978) OCLC: 83615339
 <mask> <mask> (1975)

Selected books/journals
 <mask> <mask>: Life & Work, by Erin Silver (2021) ISBN 978-1-4871-0247-0
Radical Gestures: Feminist Performance Art in the US and Canada, 1970's to c.2000, by Jayne Wark (2006)
 Carte Blanche, a compendium of Canadian photography (2006) ,
 Point & Shoot: Performance and Photography, France Chouiniere and Michele Theriault eds. (2005)
 Caught in the Act: An Anthology of Performance Art By Canadian Women, by Johanna Householder and Tanya Mars (2004) ,
 Faking Death: Canadian Art Photography since 1955, by Penny Cousineau-Levine (2003) ,
 From the Center: Feminist Essays on Women's Art, by Lucy Lippard (1976) ,

Selected exhibitions
 <mask> <mask>: Political Poetics, University of Toronto Art Centre
 Donna: Feminist Avant-Garde of the 1970s, from Sammlung Verbund, Vienna Galleria nazionale d'arte moderna, Rome
 Traffic: Conceptual Art in Canada, 1965–1980, Art Gallery of Alberta, Justina M. Barnicke Gallery, University of Toronto and the Vancouver Art Gallery
 Identity Theft: Eleanor Antin, Lynn Hershman and Suzy Lake, Santa Monica Museum of Art, Santa Monica, CA
 WACK!

masks:
Suzy Lake
Lake
Life Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake
Suzy
Lake


title: Josh Lewsey

texts:
<mask> MBE (born 30 November 1976) is an English former rugby union player who represented England and the British and Irish Lions. Lewsey is a former British Army Officer. Background and early life
<mask> was born in Bromley, London to Welsh parents, but spent most of his childhood in the rural Hertfordshire village of Sarratt and spent his early years at Sarratt Church of England primary school. He subsequently attended Watford Grammar School for Boys and then attended the University of Bristol on a British Army bursary, graduating in 1998, and lived in the same hall of residence as three-time Olympian sailor Iain Percy; he was able to graduate after obtaining special permission to take his final exams in Australia as he had been selected for England's 1998 "Tour of Hell" in the Southern Hemisphere. In 2009 he was awarded a Doctor of Laws (LL.D) honoris causa by the university. Military
Lewsey graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2001 and was commissioned as a troop commander into the Royal Artillery. However, after two years of combining the Army and a professional rugby career, he found that doing both became impossible, and he resigned his commission.Rugby career
While at school he played for the Amersham and Chiltern Rugby Football Club and also Fullerians RFC as a pupil of Watford Grammar Boys’ Grammar School. He first played for Wasps at eighteen in their Colts side, before being selected for their senior team. In that season he made his first appearance for England, in the U19s against Italy. During his time at university, <mask> combined his studies with playing professionally for Bristol RFC. He then rejoined London Wasps at the age of twenty one after completing his degree. He won his first full England caps in 1998 against New Zealand and then South Africa. In the following years, he was a member of the successful Wasps side that won 12 trophies, starting with the Tetley's Bitter Cup in 1999, in the final of which he scored a try.The following year Wasps retained the cup, and in the 2000 final he again scored a try this time against Northampton, having spent the morning at Sandhurst with his platoon on routine room inspection, block cleaning and parade drill. Amongst his 12 trophies at Wasps were four Premiership titles in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2008. <mask> played in all four finals, and scored two tries in the 2003 final and one in the 2008 final. He also played in the victorious 2004 and 2007 Heineken Cup finals. After a good run of form with the national team, he scored 11 tries at the 2007 Middlesex 7s to help Wasps win their first Middlesex 7s title since 1993. He became the tournament's top try and points scorer. On 5 April 2009, <mask> announced that he would retire from Rugby at the end of the 2008/09 season.That year with Wasps he won Player of the Year, but was not selected for the 2009 British & Irish Lions team for the tour to South Africa. International
<mask> appeared for England in all three tests in the 2001 North American tour, and was a member of the England side that won the Hong Kong Sevens in 2002. He also represented England in sevens at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, opting to play in the tournament over touring Argentina with the National team. <mask> made his England home debut in the Six Nations Championship in 2003 after an injury to Jason Robinson. He scored twice in a 40–5 win over Italy. He followed this with the opening try in his next game against Scotland, and was part of the Grand Slam winning side. He had a key part in the tests against New Zealand and Australia on the June 2003 Southern-hemisphere tour.By then he was first-choice full-back, Jason Robinson having moved to wing. He was a part of the 2003 World Cup winning squad, and scored five tries in the 111–13 defeat of Uruguay. He was selected for the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand. He made an ideal start scoring two tries in the first five minutes against Bay of Plenty. Lewsey was widely viewed as a standout player for the Lions, despite the team's poor results. Lewsey continued to be an integral part of the England team at the 2006 Six Nations. Lewsey featured heavily in England's campaign to retain the Rugby World Cup in 2007, playing in every game en route to the final.He scored the only try against France in the 14–9 victory which put England into the last two. However, just before half-time in the same match he picked up a hamstring injury which ruled him out of the final. That semi final was to be his last game for England. England's coach Brian Ashton did not select <mask> for the England squad to compete in the 2008 Six Nations squad. However, he was called up for Martin Johnson's England Squad for 2008/2009, but was not selected to play. On 10 December 2009 <mask> announced his retirement from international rugby to concentrate on his club career, ending his time in the England set-up, which spanned more than 10 years and claiming 55 caps with 22 tries scored. Due to his parentage <mask> also qualified to play for Wales but chose to represent England as he had received a call-up from them first.His mother is from the Swansea Valley area while his father is half Welsh. Post playing career

<mask> pursued interests outside rugby. In 2005 he completed his Postgraduate diploma in Law. He also set up a leadership development and business consultancy, which looked to apply organisational performance lessons from sport and the military, into business. <mask> released his autobiography on 5 February 2009 titled One Chance: My Life and Rugby. In 2009 he joined PwC as a management consultant. In September 2011, Lewsey joined Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. as an equities sales trader.After a year in the role he undertook a review of the division's structural trading model, and was subsequently offered the role of Head of Business Advisory Services, EMEA. In 2017, Lewsey joined Ernst Young as People Advisory Services Leader in Asia-Pacific. Rugby administrator
In March 2013 having spent several years outside the world of sport, he took up a six-month position as Interim CEO at the Cornish Pirates. During his time there, Lewsey pressed the need for the club to "represent its community" and "harness the power of the identity of Cornwall". On 30 August 2013, Lewsey was appointed Head of Rugby at the Welsh Rugby Union. After a comprehensive review, Lewsey embarked on a new strategy for the organisation of which a key initiative was support for the grassroots game, establishing School-Club Hubs to safeguard the future of rugby in Wales. By September 2014, the WRU had 43 schools participating in the scheme.By the second year it had increased to 93, which equated to most secondary schools in Wales. He resigned in November 2015, citing personal reasons which would prevent him from dedicating himself to the position full-time. Other interests

As an avid climber, in 2006 <mask> was given the summer off from international rugby and spent time climbing in the Himalayas reaching the base camp of K2. He did not inform his club of the expedition as he was sure they would object. In 2010 Lewsey and his friend Keith Reesby were unsuccessful in their attempt to climb to the summit of Mount Everest via the difficult North Col route. Both climbers were within 500 feet of the summit when breathing apparatus failure caused them to abandon the ascent. Lewsey admitted afterwards that he had "never felt so scared" as the two climbers attempted to descend from over 8500m without supplementary oxygen.References

External links
 Profile & Statistics on ESPNscrum
 Wasps profile
 <mask> interview at Southwesttrains.co.uk
 Sporting Heroes 12

1976 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Bristol Bears players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England
English people of Welsh descent
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Wasps RFC players
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys
Rugby union players from Bromley
Royal Artillery officers
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union wings

masks:
Owen Joshua Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey
Josh Lewsey


title: Red Smith (sportswriter)

texts:
Walter Wellesley "<mask><mask> (September 25, 1905 – January 15, 1982) was an American sportswriter. <mask>’s journalistic career spanned over five decades and his work influenced an entire generation of writers. In 1976, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. Author David Halberstam called <mask> "the greatest sportswriter of two eras." Career
<mask> (he began calling himself "<mask>" <mask> as he loathed his birth name) was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on September 25, 1905. He attended Green Bay East High School, which was the site of home games of the National Football League's Packers until 1957. Throughout his childhood, <mask> enjoyed hiking, hunting, and fishing.After high school, <mask> moved on to the University of Notre Dame and graduated in 1927. After graduation, <mask> wrote letters to at least 100 newspapers asking for a job. Finally, he was picked up by the Milwaukee Sentinel. <mask> then worked for the  St. Louis Star as a sportswriter. This is where <mask> developed his humorous and literate style that made his writing so beloved and respected. After his stint in St. Louis, <mask> worked at the Philadelphia Record for nine years, from 1936 to 1945. After 18 years, <mask> joined the New York Herald Tribune in 1945.He cemented his reputation with the Herald Tribune, as his column, “Views of Sports”,  was widely read and often syndicated. <mask> wrote three or four columns a week that were printed by 275 newspapers in the United States and 225 in about 30 foreign nations. When the Herald Tribune folded in 1966, <mask> became a freelance writer. In 1971, at the age of 66, he was hired by The New York Times and wrote four columns a week for the next decade, sometimes devoting 18 hours a day to them. <mask> mainly wrote about the sports that interested him such as baseball, football, boxing, and horse racing. He had a distaste for basketball (which he called "whistleball") and hockey, and often wrote about one of his passions, fly fishing for trout. Many of <mask>'s fishing stories were written in a self-deprecating manner and he often spoke of how embarrassingly bad he was at it.In 1956, one of <mask>’s columns earned him the second Grantland Rice Memorial for outstanding sportswriting. He wrote in a journalistic style and avoided the flowery language and cliches of many sportswriters. During his time with The New York Times, <mask> garnered many awards. In 1976, he was the second sportswriter to win the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary, citing "his commentary on sports in 1975 and for many other years". <mask> was honored (along with Harold Kaese) with the J. G. Taylor Spink Award by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) in December 1976, bestowed during  ceremonies at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York. Additionally, the Associated Press awarded him the first Red Smith Award for "outstanding contributions to sports journalism". <mask>'s writing abilities and command of the English language made him much sought after as an editor or adviser by dictionary and thesaurus publishers."Open a vein and bleed"
<mask> is best known for his famous quotation, "Writing is easy. You just open a vein and bleed." In 1946, sportswriter Paul Gallico wrote, "It is only when you open your veins and bleed onto the page a little that you establish contact with your reader." In April 1949, columnist Walter Winchell wrote, "<mask> was asked if turning out a daily column wasn't quite a chore. ... 'Why, no', dead-panned <mask>. 'You simply sit down at the typewriter, open your veins, and bleed.'" Criticism of Muhammad Ali
<mask> was a strong critic of former world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali until late in Ali's career.This was because when Ali refused to serve during the Vietnam War, claiming his case as a conscientious objector, <mask>, who had never served in uniform himself, wrote: "Squealing over the possibility that the military may call him up, Cassius makes himself as sorry a spectacle as those unwashed punks who picket and demonstrate against the war", and berated Ali for being a "draft dodger" and a "slacker". Later <mask> famously commented on Ali's first professional defeat in 32 bouts, against Joe Frazier: "If they fought a dozen times, Joe Frazier would whip Muhammad Ali a dozen times; and it would get easier as it went along". Ali went on to fight Frazier twice more, winning both times, once by unanimous decision and once by TKO. Before their final match, the 1975 Thrilla in Manila, <mask> admitted Ali was both a great fighter and a great man. Later life and family
<mask> was married twice. His first wife, Catherine, died in 1967. <mask> then married Phyllis Warner Weiss in 1968.The couple lived in New Canaan, Connecticut, and in Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. At the time of his death, <mask> had two children, five stepchildren, six grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. <mask>'s son, <mask>, went on to be a journalist at The New York Times, CBS News, PBS, The Huffington Post,  and NPR. The younger <mask> went on to win two Emmy Awards. His first Emmy Award was in  1989 for his coverage of people who lived near nuclear power plants; his second Emmy was for his coverage of Hurricane Hugo in 1990. During The New York Times years, <mask>'s writing style became shorter, drier, and more concise. He believed that his columns in earlier years had rambled too much and took forever to get to the point.He also became more cynical in his beliefs ("I used to go too far in holding up athletes as flawless gods") and in the last years started increasingly criticizing the treatment of players by team owners and management, no doubt motivated by past criticism that he had gone out of his way to justify owners' behavior. He also denounced the International Olympic Committee as a 19th-century relic. <mask>'s January 4, 1980, column called for the boycott by the US of the Summer Olympics in Moscow, making him the first sportswriter to do so. President Jimmy Carter announced a few weeks later that the US would not attend the games that summer, in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. <mask> lived the last years of his life in New Canaan, Connecticut. On January 11, 1982, <mask> announced that he would cut down to three columns a week, stating that "We shall see whether the quality improves." Four days later, he died of heart failure in Stamford, Connecticut.<mask> is buried in Stamford's Long Ridge Union Cemetery. <mask> Smith School (4K through 8th grades) in Green Bay, Wisconsin, is named in his honor. Also named in his honor is the Red Smith Handicap, a Thoroughbred horse race annually run at Aqueduct Racetrack in Queens, New York. <mask> realized the significance of sports in the American culture. He once stated the following: “Sports is not really a play world. I think it’s the real world. The people we’re writing about in professional sports, they’re suffering and living and dying and loving, and trying to make their way through life just as the bricklayers and politicians are.” He also said "It is no coincidence that the largest surviving monument of the ancient Greeks and Romans is the Coliseum in Rome, the Yankees Stadium of its time."Selected works

 The Best of Red Smith
 Red <mask>'s Sports Annual
 Views of Sport
 Out of the Red
 "Absent Friends"
 " Strawberries in Winter"

References

External links

 Baseball Hall of Fame J. G. Taylor Spink Award winner

1905 births
1982 deaths
Angling writers
Boxing writers
BBWAA Career Excellence Award recipients
George Polk Award recipients
New York Herald Tribune people
The New York Times columnists
The New York Times sportswriters
Writers from Green Bay, Wisconsin
Pulitzer Prize for Commentary winners
<mask> Smith Award recipients
University of Notre Dame alumni
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Sportswriters from New York (state)
Green Bay East High School alumni

masks:
Red
" Smith
Smith
Smith
Walter Wellesley Smith
Red
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Red Smith
Red
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Red
Terence Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Red
Smith
Smith
Red


title: Robert Bemborough

texts:
Sir <mask> (d.1351) was a medieval knight who led the Montfortist faction during the Combat of the Thirty. This was an arranged battle between thirty knights from both sides during the Breton War of Succession, a struggle for control of the duchy between the House of Montfort and the House of Blois. <mask> was killed in the battle. The battle was greatly renowned. <mask> was subsequently depicted by chroniclers as a model of chivalry. Background
<mask> led the Montfortist faction which controlled Ploërmel. The Montfortists were supported predominantly by English knights.He was challenged to single combat by Jean de Beaumanoir, the captain of Josselin, the nearest stronghold controlled by the French-supported Blois faction. According to the chronicler Jean Froissart, this purely personal duel between the two leaders became a larger struggle when <mask> suggested a combat between twenty or thirty knights on each side, a proposal that was enthusiastically accepted by de Beaumanoir. They agreed to an arranged fight at a field marked by an oak tree midway between the two fortresses. <mask> is supposed to have said,

And let us right there try ourselves and do so much that people will speak of it in future times in halls, in palaces, in public places and elsewhere throughout the world. The words are recorded by Froissart: "the saying may not be authentic", Johan Huizinga remarks, "but it teaches us what Froissart thought". Identity
It is unclear whether <mask> was English or German. His identity is something of a mystery and his name is spelled in many variant forms.It is given as "Brandebourch" by Froissart, and also appears as "Bembro" and "Brembo". His first name is sometimes given as <mask>, sometimes as Richard. The chroniclers Jean Le Bel and Froissart say he was a German knight, but historians have doubted this. The 19th-century writer Harrison Ainsworth, taking his cue from the Breton language version of the name, "Pennbrock", concluded that his actual name was the English "Pembroke". In Breton "Penn-brock", sounds like the phrase "badger-head", which became a derogatory nickname for him. Henry Raymond Brush also argued that he was probably English. The Dictionary of National Biography noted the possibility that he was Sir Richard Greenacre of Merley, and he may have derived the name by which he is known from Bromborough in Cheshire.The name Bembro appears in chronicles of the war associated with English knights, suggesting that a family of the name served in Brittany. Brush also takes the view that he was probably from Bromborough, as a family using that name appears in local records for the period. Death

At the battle itself <mask> was killed. After several hours of fighting there were four dead on the French side and two on the English side. Both sides were exhausted and agreed to a break for refreshments and bandaging of injuries. After the battle resumed, <mask> was wounded and then killed. Leadership was taken by German warrior called Croquart, but the Anglo-Breton faction was defeated.The 19th-century Breton historian Arthur de La Borderie gives a highly dramatic account of <mask>'s death, derived from earlier narratives. In this version he died at the hands of a squire, Alain de Keranrais, and Beaumanoir's loyal friend Geoffroy du Bois, who are defending Beaumanoir from the arrogant "Bembro", who has just vowed to capture him:

At the same time, indignant at Bembro's taunts, a Breton squire, Alain de Keranrais, shouted: "How vile glutton, you imagine you can capture a man like Beaumanoir! Well, I challenge you in his name, you'll soon feel the tip of my spear". He thrust at the same time a blow to the face; the spear penetrates under the skull, Bembro falls heavily. While his companions belabour de Keranrais, the English leader makes a desperate effort to rise and seek his opponent; he finds before him Geoffroy du Bois, who in turn launches his axe into his chest. Bembro falls dead. Du Bois triumphantly exclaims: "Beaumanoir, my dear cousin whom God preserves!Where are you? Art thou Avenged!". Cultural image
Froissart portrays both <mask> and his opponent Beaumanoir as ideal representatives of chivalry, who fight for honour and glory rather than personal gain. However, a popular ballad of the period, La Bataille de Trente Anglois et de Trente Bretons, depicts <mask> as the leader of a band of foreign brigands despoiling the local population, and Beaumanoir as a heroic defender of the people. This version passed into Breton popular culture. It later became the French nationalist version of the Combat, with <mask> as chief villain. Pierre Le Baud standardised this version in his History of the Bretons (1480), in which <mask> (called 'Richard Bambro') is portrayed as a soldier animated by a vicious desire to avenge the death of English leader Thomas Dagworth.It reaches its apogee in de La Borderie's Histoire de Bretagne, according to which his control of Ploërmel is distinguished by "rapacity and cruelty" and a "brutality, a ferocity all his own". His virtuous opponent de Beaumanoir challenges him after receiving desperate victims of his brutality into Josselin. The arrogant <mask> taunts him, but gets his just deserts at the hands of Beaumanoir's men at the Combat. An alternative point of view is portrayed in Arthur Conan Doyle's historical novel Sir Nigel, in which <mask> (called Richard of Bambro in the novel) is a hardy knight who accepts the combat as an honourable means to continue the fight after a truce has been declared. Conan Doyle's Bambro is an "old soldier", described as a "rugged Northumbrian" (his name being a reference to Bamburgh) schooled in the tough Anglo-Scots border wars: "a dry, hard, wizened man, small and fierce, with beady black eyes and quick furtive ways." Doyle says that he was "hated in the country where he raised money for the Montfort cause by putting every parish to ransom and maltreating those who refused to pay", but that he approached the battle in a purely chivalrous spirit. He and Beaumanoir heartily shook hands before the battle.He was killed after failing to close his visor properly, allowing Alain de Keranrais to thrust his spear through the gap; he was then finished off by Du Bois. References

1351 deaths
English military personnel killed in action
Medieval English knights
Military history of Brittany
People of the Hundred Years' War
Year of birth unknown
People from Bamburgh

masks:
Robert Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Robert
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough
Bemborough


title: Rory Fallon

texts:
<mask> (born 20 March 1982) is a New Zealand former professional footballer who played predominantly as a forward. He previously played for Barnsley, Shrewsbury Town, Swindon Town, Swansea City, Plymouth Argyle, Ipswich Town, Yeovil Town, Aberdeen, St Johnstone, Bristol Rovers, Scunthorpe United, Dorchester Town. He was also capped by New Zealand a total of 24 times, scoring 6 goals. He represented his country at both the 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2016 Nations Cup. He was born and raised in Gisborne. His father Kevin managed New Zealand over a four-year period in the 1980s. He retired from professional football in November 2017.Playing career

Club career
Born in Gisborne, <mask> started his career at Barnsley, becoming a professional in 1999 after moving up through their trainee programme. He had just begun to cement his place in the first-team when he suffered a stress fracture of his foot, which saw him struggle to regain his place. <mask> was signed for an undisclosed fee by Swindon Town in November 2003 after a number of impressive performances against them with Barnsley, which caught the eye of manager Andy King. After breaking into the team he scored a number of important goals in the 2003–04 campaign; including an overhead kick from the edge of the box to secure a point against Bristol City. Despite the departure of Tommy Mooney, <mask> found himself regularly on the bench in the 2004–05 season. He was loaned out to Yeovil Town to increase his confidence and he scored on his debut against Scunthorpe United. He failed to score in the remainder of the season, but a red card for kicking Huddersfield Town defender David Mirfin in the face meant he missed the opening two games of the following season.After Sam Parkin was sold in summer 2005, <mask> was given greater opportunities to play at Swindon, scoring on his return to action against Nottingham Forest. He signed for League One team Swansea City in January 2006 for a fee believed to be £300,000, the second highest fee ever paid by the Welsh club. A productive year followed for the striker, scoring 13 goals in all competitions from 48 appearances. This prompted interest from Championship side Plymouth Argyle and they paid £300,000 for <mask> on 19 January 2007. <mask> had only started a handful of games for Plymouth Argyle, and had struggled to get into the team. He went without a competitive goal at Home Park until 19 January 2008, exactly one-year after he signed for the club, when he scored a second half equaliser against Southampton. It was only his fourth goal for the Pilgrims.The 2007–2008 campaign saw <mask> continue to be a regular bench warmer, but he continued with his optimistic attitude that he can become a first team regular, and even rejected a £250,000 move to League One side Southend United, in January 2008. On 29 September 2009, <mask> scored the winning goal for Plymouth against Peterborough United earning the Pilgrims their first win of the season after seven straight defeats, lifting them off the bottom of the table. <mask> then scored the opening goal in Argyle's next game against Scunthorpe United which they also won 2–1. On the opening day of the 2010–11 season, <mask> played the full 90 minutes and was the provider for Luke Summerfield's winning goal in Plymouth's 1–0 win over pre-season promotion favourites Southampton. In November, he joined Ipswich Town on short loan, returning to Plymouth in January. In August 2011, <mask> signed a one-month contract with Yeovil Town after a short trial and featured in all five of Yeovil's games during that period. In September 2011, he signed a two-year deal with Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen.<mask>'s time at Aberdeen was notable for his performances in the 2011–12 Scottish Cup. After scoring in Aberdeen's 4–0, 4th round victory over Forfar Athletic, he set up Aberdeen's opener in the 5th round 2–1 win over Queen of the South. <mask> then scored both goals in the 2–1 quarter final win against Motherwell to become the Player of the Round. Although Aberdeen lost the semi-final at Hampden Park 2–1 against Hibernian, <mask>'s second half equaliser went on to be voted the PFA Goal of the Season. On 13 May 2013 <mask> was released by Aberdeen having scored three league goals in 35 appearances. <mask> joined Scottish Premier League side St Johnstone in July 2013 on a free transfer, the deal was completed in time for <mask> to play a part, if called upon, in St Johnstone's UEFA Europa League second qualifying round tie against Norwegian Tippeligaen side Rosenborg. On 31 January 2014, <mask> left St Johnstone by mutual consent.In February 2014, <mask> joined Crawley Town until the end of the 2013–14 season. In September 2014, <mask> joined Scunthorpe United on a short-term deal. <mask> scored on his Scunthorpe début in a 3–2 loss to Oldham Athletic on 27
September 2014. In January 2016, <mask> joined Bristol Rovers on non-contract terms until the end of the season. He made his debut as a 76th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss to Accrington Stanley F.C. In the summer of 2016, he Joined National League South club, Truro City F.C. as a player-coach but had his contract cancelled by mutual consent in December 2016.On 26 July 2017, <mask> joined National League side Torquay United, on non-contract terms, ahead of the 2017–18 season. He played one match for Dorchester Town. International career
Despite being born in New Zealand and having a father who coached New Zealand at the 1982 World Cup, <mask> chose to represent England at junior level. He played international football for England at U16, U17, U18, U19 and U20 levels and switched when FIFA changed the eligibility rules. He did, however, represent New Zealand in an unofficial U-16 World Cup in France in 1998 where Wynton Rufer was the coach. Shortly after, he departed for England to be an apprentice at Barnsley. In January 2006, New Zealand coach Ricki Herbert suggested that <mask> might still get a chance to represent New Zealand at senior level.Herbert claimed that the only reason why <mask> wasn't picked was due to lack of correspondence from FIFA regarding this matter. <mask> had until he was 21 years old to get clearance from FIFA to change nationalities. It found, however, that <mask> did not apply in the 2004 window to change allegiance for over-21s players. This year-long window was made available by FIFA upon introduction of a rule which allows players with dual nationality to switch their allegiance before their 21st birthday. Under this criterion <mask> could not be available for New Zealand. On 3 June 2009, FIFA Congress passed a motion removing the age limit for changing associations for players who had already played for a country's national team at youth level under article 18 of the Regulations Governing the Application of the FIFA Statutes. This allowed for the possibility of <mask> again representing New Zealand.In August 2009, <mask> was called up to the New Zealand squad for a friendly against Jordan the following month and the crucial two-legged World Cup play-off matches against Bahrain later in the year. <mask> scored on debut in the match against Jordan, which New Zealand won 3–1. On 14 November 2009, <mask> headed home the only goal just before half-time in the second leg of New Zealand's World Cup qualifier against Bahrain, to send New Zealand to the FIFA World Cup in South Africa, their first appearance at the finals in 28 years. <mask> played in all three of New Zealand's finals games. He recalled into the New Zealand camp for their World Cup play-off loss to Peru. In November 2017, following the matches, he announced his international retirement. Coaching career
After retiring, <mask> worked with Plymouth Argyle's under-14 players.In mid-October 2019, <mask> was appointed assistant manager for the New Zealand national football team under manager Danny Hay. Career statistics

Club
Reference

International goals
New Zealand score listed first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Honours
IFFHS Oceania Men's Team of All Time: 2021

Personal life
<mask>'s mother, Mere, is of Māori descent. He has a brother called Sean and a sister called Bianca. <mask> owns a business selling ice cream for businesses and events across Yorkshire and Devon. References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Gisborne, New Zealand
New Zealand association footballers
New Zealand international footballers
English footballers
England youth international footballers
Association football forwards
Barnsley F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C.players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Aberdeen F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
St Johnstone F.C.players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Dorchester Town F.C. players
Scottish Professional Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
New Zealand expatriate association footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2012 OFC Nations Cup players
2016 OFC Nations Cup players
People educated at Mount Albert Grammar School
New Zealand Māori sportspeople
New Zealand people of English descent
New Zealand people of Irish descent
New Zealand Christians
English people of New Zealand descent

masks:
Rory Michael Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon
Fallon


title: Janet Bennion

texts:
<mask>n (born October 2, 1964) is Professor of Anthropology at Lyndon State College, Vermont, United States. She specializes in gender dynamics in Mormon fundamentalist communities which practice polygamy. Bennion is one of the world's leading ethnographers of North American plural marriage. She has raised the question of decriminalization of plural marriage in a variety of radio and television forums and several international scholar venues at Brandeis University and the European University Institute in Florence, Italy. Early life and education
Born in Vernon, Utah, Bennion received her B.A. in Anthropology at the Utah State University, an M.A. in Social Organization at Portland State University, and her Ph.D. in Cultural Anthropology at the University of Utah.She splits her time between her home in Vermont and a cabin in the Beartooth Mountains of Montana. In 1994, Bennion received a Dean's Scholarship Award for her ethnography, published by Oxford University Press, Women of Principle: Female Networking in Contemporary Mormon Polygyny. At the time of book's publication, Bennion was an assistant professor of anthropology at the Utah Valley University. With her appointment to Lyndon State College, in Northeast Vermont, she received the Vermont Women in Higher Education Scholarship and the Carol E. Moore Merit Award. Most recently, she was recognized as an individual of distinction for her latest comprehensive look at polygamy, Polygamy in Primetime, published in 2012 with Brandeis University Press. The book covers twenty years of ethnographic work, examining the variability within fundamentalist polygamist societies in the Intermountain West. Professional work

Until the last decade, North American polygamy was seriously examined by only a handful of scholars, including Bennion.In her first book, Women of Principle, she recorded the experiences of female converts in the Montana Allredite order, finding that many women are attracted to polygamy because of the socioeconomic support it offers, replacing a rather difficult life in the mainstream where their status as divorcees, single mothers, widows, and "unmarriageables" limited their access to good men and the economic and spiritual affirmation that comes from a community of worship. In addition to using polygamy as a tool for marginalized women to marry and improve their social standing, she found that women in some communities hold positions of religious or political power in the community, often exercising considerable independent power. They can raise their children with minimal oversight by their husband, manage their household, and work in the all-important female support networks. Finally, Mormon fundamentalism balances the deprivations and difficulties of the lives of polygamous wives with a promise of an afterlife as queens and priestesses. In Desert Patriarchy, Bennion examines the lives of women in the LeBaron polygamous group, located in northern Mexico, where she finds an interplay of the desert and the unique social traditions and gender dynamics embedded in Anglo patriarchal fundamentalism. Bennion identifies the variability in all four major polygamous movements in the West in her latest volume, Polygamy in Primetime (2012), finding that some Mormon women experience more individual satisfaction within the dynamics of a polygamous family than they could in any other marital form. Polygamy in Primetime responds to [polygamy's] new visibility [in the media] with an overview of the subject that, despite occasional academic language, will appeal to general readers seeking more details than the soap operatics of Big Love can provide.In her early work, she produced the first ethnography of modern-day Mormon polygyny in her masters' thesis. For her dissertation, she explored the factors contributing to female conversion patterns and investigating the intimacies between co-wives in the holy wedding ceremony which bonds women to each other and to one man. She also contributed to several chapters in books. Her examination of the atrocities following the Texas raid on the YFZ Ranch, where 460 children were removed from their homes is found in Cardell Jacobson's anthology and in her Mellen book. Her analysis of O'Dea's shortcomings in evaluating the experiences of women can be found in another of Cardell Jacobson's works. Bennion also evaluating the factors causing sexual molestation among Mormon polygynists in an Oxford work. Works

 The Polygamy Question (with Lisa Fishbayn Joffe), 2016, Utah State University Press.Polygamy on Primetime: Gender, Media, and Politics in Mormon Fundamentalism, 2012, University Press of New England. Desert Patriarchy: Gender Dynamics in the Chihuahua Valley, 2004, University of Arizona Press. Women of Principle: Female Networking in Contemporary Mormon Polygyny, 1998, Oxford University Press. "History, Culture, and Variability of Mormon Schismatic Groups" and "The Many Faces of Polygamy: An Analysis of the Variability in Modern Mormon Fundamentalism in the Intermountain West", in Modern Polygamy in the United States: Historical, Cultural, and Legal Issues Surrounding the Raid on the FLDS in Texas, ed. Cardell Jacobson, 2011, Oxford University Press. "Mormon Women in the 21st Century: A Critical Analysis of O’Dea’s Work", in Revisiting Thomas O’Dea’s The Mormons, eds. Jacobson et al., 2008, University of Utah Press."Female Networking as a Factor of Female Status in Mormon Polygyny", in Mixed Blessings: A Study of Women in Fundamentalism, ed., Judy Brink, 1996, Routledge Press. "Abbas Raptus: Exploring Factors Contributing to the Sexual Abuse of Females in Rural Mormon Fundamentalist Communities," Fall 2007, The Forum on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. As <mask>: "My Sister, My Wife: An Examination of Sororal Polygyny in a Contemporary Mormon Fundamentalist Commune", 1992, Syzygy: Journal of Alternative Religion and Culture. See also
Mormonism and polygamy

Notes

References

External links
 <mask>n at Lyndon State College

1964 births
American anthropologists
American women anthropologists
Cultural anthropologists
Living people
People from Tooele County, Utah
Social anthropologists
Lyndon State College
Utah State University alumni
Portland State University alumni
University of Utah alumni
21st-century American women

masks:
Janet Benson Bennio
Janet Cannon
Janet Bennio


title: L. J. Smith (author)

texts:
<mask> is an American author of young adult fiction best known for her best-selling series The Vampire Diaries, which has been turned into a successful television show. Her books, particularly The Vampire Diaries and Night World, have been in the New York Times Best Seller list and have been nominated for five awards. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Orange County, California. Her reported date of birth varies, with sources noting as early as 1958 or 1959 or as late as 1965. As a child, she grew up in Villa Park, California and attended Villa Park High School. It was here that her high school English teacher, Zoe Gibbs, gave <mask> the confidence to write. <mask> studied experimental psychology at the University of California, Santa Barbara.She later attended San Francisco State University to obtain teaching credentials. Career
<mask> began her career as an elementary school teacher, but left in 1989 after three years to pursue writing. <mask> has said that she realized she wanted to be a writer sometime between kindergarten and first grade, "when a teacher praised a horrible poem I'd written", and she began writing in earnest in elementary school. Her first book, The Night of the Solstice, written during high school and college, was published by MacMillan in 1987, followed by Heart of Valor in 1990. They sold poorly, as they were labeled for 9 to 11-year-olds and not for young adults, as <mask> wanted. The Vampire Diaries series was commissioned by Elise Donner, editor of Alloy Entertainment in 1990: <mask> immediately wrote the scene when Elena, Bonnie and Meredith are decorating the gym and the heroine meets Damon (scene later included in the first novel), while, as for the other characters, she adapted those of The Garden of Earthly Delights, an adult book she was writing. She chose the setting of The Vampire Diaries in Virginia because she has family there and was inspired by the small towns and lifestyles.Three trilogies followed: The Secret Circle (1992), The Forbidden Game (1994) and Dark Visions (1995). The first installment of Night World series was published in 1996, followed by eight more over the next two years. In 1998, <mask> began a decade-long hiatus from writing, returning in 2008 with a new website and a series of new short stories. The Vampire Diaries series was reissued in 2007, followed by reprintings of The Secret Circle trilogy and Night World series in 2008–2009. The Night of the Solstice and Heart of Valor were also reissued in 2008. Three new Vampire Diaries installments were published in 2009 and 2010. The series was later adapted into a TV series (The Vampire Diaries) in 2009, as well as The Secret Circle, which became a TV series of the same name in 2011.The final volume of The Vampire Diaries written entirely by <mask> (The Return: Midnight) was released in March 2011. <mask> submitted a draft of the next installment (The Hunters: Phantom), but after a dispute regarding a pivotal plot twist, her involvement was terminated by the publisher and the episode was revised by a ghostwriter. Subsequent Vampire Diaries installments have also been ghostwritten. She was also replaced on The Secret Circle series, by ghostwriter Aubrey Clark. Personal life
<mask> previously resided in Concord, California in 1991 and still resides in Northern California with her dog. In 1998, <mask> took a decade-long hiatus from writing to take care of her sister's children when her brother-in-law was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma. During this time, her mother died from lung cancer.In late 2015, <mask> was diagnosed with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Bibliography

Night World Series
Secret Vampire (1996)
Daughters of Darkness (1996)
Spellbinder (1996)  (called Enchantress in the UK and Australia versions)
Dark Angel (1996)
The Chosen (1997)
Soulmate (1997)
Huntress (1997)
Black Dawn (1997)
Witchlight (1998)
Strange Fate (TBA)

Omnibuses
Night World: Secret Vampire, Daughters of Darkness, Spellbinder (Enchantress)" (2008) Night World: Dark Angel, The Chosen, Soulmate (2008) Night World: Huntress, Black Dawn, Witchlight (2009)

 Short Stories
Published on <mask> <mask> official website. Thicker Than Water – Featuring Keller, Rashel, Galen and Quinn Ash and <mask>ette: Those Who Favor Fire Jez and Morgead's Night Out The Vampire Diaries Universe

 The Vampire Diaries Series The Awakening: Volume I (1991) The Struggle: Volume II (1991)  The Fury: Volume III (1991) Dark Reunion: Volume IV (1992)  (The Reunion in the UK and Australia version)

 The Vampire Diaries: The Return Trilogy The Return: Nightfall (2009) The Return: Shadow Souls (2010)  The Return: Midnight (2011)

 The Vampire Diaries: The Hunters Trilogy The Hunters: Phantom (2011) (Written by a ghostwriter)The Hunters: Moonsong (2012) (Written by a ghostwriter)The Hunters: Destiny Rising (2012) (Written by a ghostwriter)

 The Vampire Diaries: The Salvation Trilogy The Salvation: Unseen (2013) (Written by Aubrey Clark)The Salvation: Unspoken (2013) (Written by Aubrey Clark)The Salvation: Unmasked (2014) (Written by Aubrey Clark)

 Omnibuses The Awakening and The Struggle (2007) The Fury and Dark Reunion (2007)

 Short Stories
Published on Lisa Jane Smith's official website. "Matt and Elena – First Date" (2010)
 "Matt and Elena – Tenth Date: On Wickery Pond" (2010)
 "Bonnie and Damon: After Hours" (2011)
 "An Untold Tale: Blood Will Tell" (2010)
 "An Untold Tale: Elena's Christmas" (2010)

 Cuts from The Return: Shadow Souls
Published on Lisa Jane Smith's official website. Damon and Elena: Tumbleweeds (2011)
 Dinner Disaster (2010)

 The Vampire Diaries: Evensong Note: These books were published as fanfiction on Kindle Worlds after Smith's publisher hired other authors to continue the series after The Return: Midnight. They pick up after the ending of said book. And while they do represent the original author's intended continuation, they are not considered official canon to the main Vampire Diaries series due to their status.

masks:
Lisa Jane Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Lisa Jane
Smith
Mary Lynn


title: Isa Knox (writer)

texts:
<mask> (née Craig; 17 October 1831 – 23 December 1903) was a Scottish poet, novelist, editor, and writer. She was secretary to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, and one of the first staff members of the English Woman's Journal. Biography

Early life
<mask> was the only child of John Craig, hosier and glover, and Ann Braick Craig, born on 17 October 1831 in Saint Cuthbert's, Edinburgh. In childhood she lost both parents, and was reared by her grandmother. Due to financial hardship, she was forced to leave school in her tenth year; consequently, from a young age, her literary abilities were largely self-taught. A close study of standard English authors such as Gibbon, Addison and his contemporaries, Shakespeare, Milton, Cowper and Burns were major influences and developed her literary tastes, which influenced her subsequent attempts at writing. After contributing verses to The Scotsman with the signature <mask>, she was regularly employed on the paper starting in 1853.Marriage and family
Several years after relocating to London to pursue a writing and activism career, on 17 May 1866, Craig married her cousin, <mask>, a London iron merchant, at St. John's Church, Deptford in Lewisham. It has been described as an "easy marriage." The couple had a daughter named Margaret, who was born in the same parish in which they were married. On 25 July 1869, <mask> and her husband had their daughter baptized at St Peter's Brockley, Lewisham. In the 1881 United Kingdom census, the family, along with John's older brother William, a book-keeper also working in the iron trade, and a servant is listed as living at 13 South Hill Park, in Hempstead, Kent. Ten years later, in the 1881 United Kingdom census, the same household is listed as having moved to 86 Breakspears Rd in Deptford, London. By the time of the 1901 United Kingdom census, the family had moved to No.88 on the same street and had taken on an additional servant. Early career and activism
After coming to London in 1857, Craig was appointed to be the first female secretary to the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, and held the position, despite enduring public scorn for several years due to her sex. Craig was one of the first staff members of the English Woman's Journal which routinely questioned customs such as opportunities for employment and the division of labour between men and women; actions for the women of the time were often restrained by notions of what was proper conduct for a "lady." A friend and comrade was another major feminist figure, Elizabeth "Bessie" Rayner Parkes, whom Craig had met through her work with The Waverley Journal, an Edinburgh women's magazine. During her early career, Craig also faced discrimination due to her obscure origins and Scottish identity. In her 1910 memoir Recollections of What I Saw, What I Lived Through, and What I Learned, during More than Fifty Years of Social and Literary Experience, the Scottish poet <mask> Mayo describes hearing a well-connected, literary Englishwoman, Miss Y- , who detested "gutter blood," cast aspersions on the lowly work <mask> had taken in Edinburgh to "secure independence before she had made her mark in literature," even bringing it up to her face at a public gathering. To Mayo's admiration, <mask> "gently refrained" from offering a retort.<mask> contributed to the advancement of women during the Victorian period, publishing many works specifically to promote the education of women and joining many organizations striving towards that same goal, such as the newly formed Langham Place circle, a group of privileged women who hoped to open up more professions to women, besides those of nurses and teachers. Besides working as a trailblazer for the advancement of women's suffrage in England, <mask> also was an anti-slavery advocate. She published many poems on the subject of slavery and treated the subject in other prose works, including The Essence of Slavery, Extracted from "A Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation," by Frances Ann Kemble (1863) and Easy History for Upper Standards (1884). Prize-winning Ode

In 1858 <mask> wrote and submitted a resonant ode entitled "On the Centenary of Burns: An Ode" as her entry for a prize of £50 offered at the Crystal Palace for a centenary poem on Scottish poet Robert Burns. Out of 621 candidates, among them such literary figures as Frederic William Henry Myers, Gerald Massey, and Arthur Joseph Munby, <mask> won the prize. As Burns was regarded as the national poet of Scotland, to win this contest in England as a woman, was quite an achievement for <mask>. Unaware that she had won the contest, <mask> was absent, so her poem was read aloud in her stead before a cheering crowd of thousands in the Crystal Palace who responded to the poem with a standing ovation and cries for the author to appear; her name was mistakenly pronounced "Esau," since the awarders assumed the winner must be male.This poem remains her most cited and praised work, one stanza of which appears below: The land he trod

Hath now become a place of pilgrimage;

  Where dearer are the daisies of the sod

That could his song engage. The hoary hawthorn, wreathed

Above the bank on which his limbs he flung

  While some sweet plaint he breathed;

  The streams he wandered near;

The maidens whom he loved; the songs he sung;—

    All, all are dear! Later career
In 1863, cotton exports in Lancashire were significantly decreased due to the American Civil War, causing great financial hardship to mill workers, so <mask> edited a volume by poets to dedicate to the town for their hardships and raise money. Among the contributors was the poet Christina Rossetti; the published volume was named Poems: An Offering to Lancashire. In 1863, she contributed along with the likes of Charles Kingsley, W. Holman Hunt, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Thomas Hughes to The Reader, a weekly review of literature, art, and science, newly published in London. After her marriage, <mask> published pieces occasionally in Fraser's Magazine, Good Words, and the Quiver, edited the Argosy, a travel and tales magazine, for a short time, and published some volumes of poems and juvenile histories. She completed many poems, newspaper articles and reviews in the later half of her career, most of whom are little known.Many of <mask>'s works were never attributed to her. Partial lists of her work can be found in various scholarly works on British literature, but some of her novels, such as her first, Mark Warren, are more obscure. Death and legacy
<mask> died at 88 Breakspears Road, Brockley, on 23 December 1903. Her burial took place 30 December 1903 in Lewisham, London, England. At the time of her death, she was beloved by many, as her numerous writings and activities had contributed to awareness of the need for social and political reform. Her questioning of the gender roles and class standards of the Victorian Era made her controversial, yet memorable for her time. The 1911 United Kingdom census reveals that her unmarried daughter Margaret, widowed husband, and his brother continued to live at the same address, with two domestic servants.It appears that on 27 May 1922, Margaret, aged 52 and giving her race as "Scotch," arrived in Quebec on the ocean liner RMS Victorian. She had travelled to Canada to visit a friend, the Rev. Arthur Garlick, incumbent of the Diocese of Caledonia. There is no record of <mask>'s daughter ever marrying or having children. Literary analysis
Not only did <mask> face contemporary criticism of her writings, but also faced public scorn for her views, especially as expressed in the English Women's Journal. One critic wrote to the editor of the Daily News of their concern regarding <mask>'s expressions, stating, "women's cause is man's" and "women never can, or ought to compete with man." While <mask>'s poems and writings have been regarded as "successful" in her own era, she has been praised for possessing and exerting great "intellectual powers."According to the Dictionary of National Biography, in verse <mask> produced nothing that was considered to have surpassed the excellency of the Burns ode. Her first volume, Poems by <mask> (1866), showed some promise, and some lyric quality appeared in Poems: an Offering to Lancashire (1863), an anthology edited by <mask>, as well as in Duchess Agnes, a Drama and other Poems (1864) and Songs of Consolation (1874). Dr. A. H. Japp edited a Selection from Mrs. <mask>'s Poems in 1892. Of Mrs. <mask>'s prose work, The Essence of Slavery (1863) summarized Fanny Kemble's Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation, and Esther West (1870; 6th edit. 1884) was a well-constructed story. Mrs. <mask>'s Little Folk's History of England (1872) reached its 30th thousand in 1899, and the author adapted from it a successful Easy History for Upper Standards (1884). Tales on the Parables, two series, appeared in 1872–7.<mask>'s poems focused on themes such as nature and its changes, the Earth as the Lord's gift, and passing time. In her sonnet "Spring" appears the following memorable lines:  I love the spring-time for the lengthening light, And coming beauty. 'Tis like childhood's hours,When life is all before is stretching bright,And full with promise of its summer flowers,-When tears are soonest shed and soonest dried,And love hath no disguise, and beauty hath no pride. Other notable poems include "The Incarnation," "Never to Know," and "Wind and Stars." Works

 Poems: an Offering to Lancashire (as editor) (1863)
Poems by <mask> (1866)
The Essence of Slavery (1863)
Duchess Agnes, a Drama and other Poems (1864)
Songs of Consolation (1874)
Esther West (1870; 6th edit. 1884)
Little Folk's History of England (1872)
The Good Samaritan (1872)
The Cumberer of the Ground (1872)
Tales on the Parables (two series, 1872-7)
Peggy Ogilvie's Inheritance (1880)
The Half-Sisters (1881)
In Duty Bound (1881)
Deepdale Vicarage (1884)
Easy History for Upper Standards (1884)
Our Summer Home (1888)
Hold Fast by Your Sundays (1889)
Selection from Mrs. <mask>'s Poems (edited by Alexander Hay Japp) (1892)

References

Source

"Craig, <mask> m. <mask>."Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women. Edited by Elizabeth L. Ewan, Sue Innes, Sian Reynolds, Rose Pipes. Edinburgh University Press, 2007, pg. 82. “MRS. ISA CRAIG-KNOX.” <mask> (Mrs. Craig-Knox)., gerald-massey.org.uk/craig/index.htm.“The Langham Place Group.” First 100 Years The Langham Place Group Comments, 3 Aug. 2016, first100years.org.uk/the-langham-place-group/. Royle, Trevor. "<mask>, [née Craig], <mask> 1831-1903." The Mainstream Companion to Scottish Literature. Random House, 2012. External links
Works by or about <mask> <mask> at HathiTrust
Works by or about <mask>/<mask> at Internet Archive
Works by or about <mask> at Google Books
Works by or about <mask> <mask> at Google Books
Works by or about <mask> <mask> at Gerald Massey.org.uk

1831 births
1903 deaths
19th-century Scottish poets
Writers from Edinburgh
Scottish women poets
19th-century British women writers
19th-century British writers

masks:
Isa Knox
Isa Craig Knox
Isa
John Knox
Isabella
Isabella Fyvie
Isa
Isa Craig
Isa
Knox
Isa
Isa
Isa
Isa
Knox
Knox
Knox
Isa Knox
Isa
Isa Knox
Knox
Knox
Knox
Isa
Knox
Knox
Knox
Knox
Isa Knox
Isa
Knox
Isa
Knox
Isa Craig
Knox
Isa
Isa Craig
Knox
Isa Craig
Craig Knox
Isa Craig
Isa Craig
Knox
Isa Craig
Knox