title: Hortense de Beauharnais

texts:
Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte (; , ; 10 April 1783 – 5 October 1837) was Queen consort of Holland. She was the stepdaughter of Emperor Napoléon I as the daughter of his first wife, <mask>s. Hortense later married Napoléon I’s brother, Louis Bonaparte, who had been made King of Holland, making her the sister-in-law to her step-father. She was the mother of Napoléon III, Emperor of the French; Louis II of Holland; and Napoléon Louis Charles Bonaparte who died at the age of four. She had also an illegitimate son, Charle, Duke of Morny, by her lover, the Comte <mask>lahaut. Early life

Hortense was born in Paris, France, on 10 April 1783, the daughter of Alexandre François Marie, Vicomte <mask>s and Joséphine <mask>rie. Her parents separated when she was five years old, and between the ages of five and ten she was sent to live in Martinique.Her father was executed on 23 July 1794, at the time of the French Revolution, a few days before the end of the Reign of Terror. Her mother was imprisoned in the Carmelites prison, from which she was released on 6 August 1794, thanks to the intervention of her best friend Thérèse Tallien. Two years later, her mother married Napoléon Bonaparte. Hortense was described as having been an amusing and pretty child with long, pale golden-blonde hair and blue eyes. She received her education at the school of Madame Jeanne Campan in St-Germain-en-Laye together with Napoléon's youngest sister Caroline Bonaparte, who later married Joachim Murat. She was sent to boarding school when her mother, Josephine, decided that she did not have enough time to raise children. There, she developed a love for fine art and music.Hortense was an accomplished amateur musical composer and supplied the army of her stepfather with rousing marches, including Partant pour la Syrie. She also enjoyed playing games and particularly excelled at billiards. In 1802, at Napoléon's request, Hortense married his brother Louis Bonaparte. Hortense was reluctant to marry at first, but her mother persuaded her to accept for the political wellbeing/prosperity of the family. Queen of Holland

In 1806 Napoléon appointed his brother Louis as King of Holland, and Hortense accompanied her husband to The Hague. Hortense's negativity towards being appointed Queen of Holland was twofold. First, it was necessary for her to move there with Louis, with whom she did not get along, and second, she had to leave her life as a celebrated member of Parisian society.[3] She had hoped to be "a Queen of Holland in Paris", but Napoléon did not agree. She was eventually forced to depart with Louis to the Netherlands, where she arrived on 18 June 1806. Queen Hortense was pleasantly surprised when the Dutch public welcomed her warmly. She quickly became accustomed to life in the Netherlands and came to like the country. She attended official celebrations and ceremonies, visited the market-places where she made large purchases, and was much liked by the public, which annoyed her husband. She learned water-colour painting and made trips around the countryside. Nevertheless, she hated her stay there because of her relationship with King Louis.The couple lived in different parts of the palace and avoided each other at every opportunity, with Hortense describing herself as a prisoner. She also refused to give up her French citizenship and declare herself Dutch as Louis had done. In 1807 her first son died; she was subsequently allowed to stay in France, as the climate there was considered better for raising her other son Louis-Napoléon. She remained in France, again pleased by her status as a queen at the French court, until 1810, when Napoléon remarried to Marie Louise of Austria. This forced Hortense return to the Netherlands and reconcile with her husband. When Napoleon married Marie Louise, Hortense returned temporarily to the Netherlands, but found that the Dutch did not welcome her. She considered this the end of her marriage, and left for France shortly before her husband abdicated the throne to their oldest living son, Napoleon-Louis Bonaparte, making him Louis II of Holland.Personal life

Hortense was now free to respond to the romantic overtures of the man whom she had long admired, Colonel Charles Joseph, Comte <mask>, a sophisticated, handsome man rumoured to be the illegitimate son of Talleyrand. They soon became lovers. In 1811, at an unspecified inn in Switzerland, close to Lake Geneva, Hortense secretly gave birth to a son by <mask>aut,
Charles Auguste Louis Joseph ( 21 October 1811 - 10 March 1865), created Duke of Morny by his half-brother, Napoléon III, in 1862. Only her brother Eugène, her closest companions, and <mask> Filleul <mask> (<mask> Flahaut's mother) were aware of her pregnancy and the subsequent birth. She had used poor health to explain her prolonged visit to Switzerland, the journey having been arranged by Adélaïde. Hortense cleverly disguised her pregnancy (she was, by then, in her sixth month) during the baptism of Napoléon's son, Napoléon II, when she was chosen to be one of the child's godmothers, an honour she shared with Madame Mère, mother of the Emperor. In 1814 Flahaut had an affair with the Comédie-Française actress <mask> Mars.When Hortense read the "passionate outpourings" of this actress in one of her letters to Charles his affair with Hortense was brought to an end. Although still deeply attached to Charles, and remaining in correspondence with him, she then made up her mind to release him. When, months later, he had mentioned that he had met "a rich young woman who seemed to like him", Hortense begged him to forget the promises he had made to her. In October that year she went on a pilgrimage to the Benedictine shrine of Our Lady of the Hermits at Einsiedeln Abbey in the Swiss canton of Schwyz. After renouncing her claims on Charles, she presented a bouquet of diamond hydrangeas to the Virgin and a ring for the abbot, having been blessed, she wrote, with "so many consolations, such happiness at Einsiedeln not to wish that my memory remain there after I had left." Composer

Hortense <mask>s found love for music during her time in boarding school and there she became a self-acclaimed amateur composer (Beaucour, 2007). Though she did not have any known education in composition, it is said that she was a very talented singer and pianist.Fétis wrote about her in his article, Biographie Universelle des Musiciens, the following lines:
“<mask> was Queen Hortense’s singing-master when she was at Mad. Campan’s school; what her Majesty gained more especially from her lessons was a great capability of stint, she composed several pieces of this kind, among which is the one beginning with the words: ‘Partant pour la Syrie.’ This romance, which enjoyed a great vogue about 1810, again became popular in France after 1852.” While her step-father, Napoleon, ruled over France, she wrote marches and some of her songs were sung by the French Troops. Hortense was banished when Napoleon was defeated and there she wrote numerous pieces, mostly notably her 12 Romances she wrote for her brother Eugene. Although she was banished, Hortense’s home exemplified the spirit of French art culture. There she presented her arts for her many visitors. Famous artists of the time such as Franz Liszt, Alexandre Dumas, and Lord Byron came to visit and listened to her piano performances. Hortense’s most famous composition ‘Partant pour la Syrie’ became the national hymn of France after her son Emperor Napoleon III instated it as such.(Last FM, 2010). French composer Camille Saint-Saens quotes “Partant pour la Syrie” in “Fossils” from his Carnival of the Animals. A collection of some of her writing, art, and compositions can be found in her “Livre d’art de la reine Hortense.”

Later years

At the Bourbon Restoration in 1814, Hortense received the protection of <mask> of Russia. At his instigation, she was granted the title of Duchess of Saint-Leu (duchesse de Saint-Leu) by King Louis XVIII on 30 May 1814. During the Hundred Days, however, Hortense supported her stepfather and brother-in-law Napoléon. This led to her banishment from France after his final defeat. During her banishment, Hortense began to focus on writing her memoirs, composing and publishing her musical works, as well as drawing and painting.Her home became a center for French art and culture. Established artists, composers, and writers were all fascinated by the banished queen in Switzerland. Despite her residence in Switzerland, Hortense remained involved in her sons’ lives. When one of her sons, Napoleon-Louis (Louis II of Holland) , died in the Italian revolt against Austrian rule, she helped the other, Charles-Louis Napoleon , escape to Paris. She traveled in Germany and Italy before purchasing the Château Arenenberg in the Swiss canton of Thurgau in 1817. She lived there until she died of cancer on 5 October 1837, at the age of fifty-four. She is buried next to her mother Joséphine in the Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul church in Rueil-Malmaison.After her death, her remaining legitimate son Charles-Louis Napoleon returned to Paris where he became Emperor Napoleon III. With his newly instated power, Napoleon III made one of his mother’s most popular compositions, “Partant pour la Syrie” a national hymn of France. A portrait of Hortense hangs at James Monroe’s Highland, the Virginia plantation home of James Monroe, fifth President of the United States. It was one of three portraits given by Hortense to Monroe's daughter Eliza, who went to school with Hortense in France. (The other two portraits are of Hortense's brother <mask> Beauharnais and of Jeanne-Louise-Henriette Campan, the headmistress of the school attended by Hortense and Eliza.) Eliza's daughter, Hortensia Monroe Hay, was named in honour of Hortense. Issue
With Louis Bonaparte she had three sons:
Napoléon Louis Charles Bonaparte (10 October 1802 - 5 May 1807) died at the age of four years old.Napoléon Louis Bonaparte (11 October 1804 - 17 March 1831) he married Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte on 23 July 1826. Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, later Napoleon III (20 April 1808- 9 January 1873) he married Eugénie <mask>x, Countess of Montijo on 29 January 1853. They had one son. With Charles Joseph, Comte <mask>, she had one son:
 Charles Auguste Louis Joseph (21 October 1811 - 10 March 1865), created Duke of Morny by his half-brother, Napoléon III, in 1862. See also
 Arenenberg

References

Further reading

 Scarisbrick, Diana (2019). <mask> Flahaut (1788–1867): A Scotswoman at the French Court. Cambridge

External links

Hortense - La Reine d'Hollande
Queen Hortense - A Life Picture of the Napoleonic Era - 1910 book by L. Mühlbach, as an eText from Project Gutenberg
 Spencer Napoleonica Collection at Newberry Library

|-

|-

Beauharnais, Hortense <mask>, <mask> <mask>s
Beauharnais, Hortense <mask>s, Hortense <mask>s, Hortense <mask>-Leu, Duchess of, Hortense <mask>nais
Napoleon III
Parents of presidents of France
People of the Kingdom of Holland

masks:
Joséphine de Beauharnai
de F
de Beauharnai
Tascher de la Page
de Flahaut
de Flah
Adde
de Souza
Charles de
Mademoiselle
de Beauharnai
Plantade
Alexander I
Eugène de
de Palafo
de Flahaut
Margaret de
de Beauharnais
Hortense
de Beauharnai
de Beauharnai
de Beauharnai
de Saint
de Beauhar


title: Elisabeth Risdon

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born Daisy Cartwright Risdon; 26 April 1887 – 20 December 1958) was an English film actress. She appeared in more than 140 films between 1913 and 1952. A beauty in her youth, she usually played in society parts. In later years in films she switched to playing character parts. Biography
Born in London, England, Risdon was the daughter of John Jenkins Risdon and Martha Harrop Risdon. She graduated from the Royal Academy of Arts in 1918 with high honours. She attracted the attention of George Bernard Shaw and was cast as the lead in his biggest plays.Besides her performances for Shaw, she was leading lady for actors including George Arliss, Otis Skinner, and William Faversham. She was also under contract to the Theatre Guild for many years. Risdon's film debut came in England, where she made 13 silent films. She came to the United States in 1912, and her first film with sound was Guard That Girl (1935). Her Broadway credits include Laburnum Grove (1935), Big Hearted Herbert (1934), Uncle Tom's Cabin (1933), For Services Rendered (1933), We Never Learn (1928), The Springboard (1927), Right You Are If You Think You Are (1927), The Silver Cord (1926), A Proud Woman (1926), Lovely Lady (1925), The Enchanted April (1925), Thrills (1925), Artistic Temperament (1924), Cock O' the Roost (1924), The Lady (1923), The Nightcap (1921), Heartbreak House (1920), Footloose (1920), Dear Brutus (1918), Humpty Dumpty (1918), Muggins (1918), Seven Days' Leave (1918), Misalliance (1917), The Morris Dance (1917), The Poetasters of Ispahan (1912), Beauty and the Jacobin (1912), and Fanny's First Play (1912). In later years, she taught drama to patients at a veterans administration hospital near her Brentwood home. In 1916, she married silent film director George Loane Tucker, who died in 1921.In 1938, she married actor Brandon Evans, who died in April 1958. She was the great-aunt of actress Wendy Barrie-Wilson. <mask> died in December 1958 in St John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California, from a cerebral haemorrhage. Her body was donated to medical science. Herbillion
 Mountain Justice (1937) - Meg Harkins
 Make Way for Tomorrow (1937) - Cora Payne
 They Won't Forget (1937) - Mrs. Hale
 Dead End (1937) - Mrs. Connell
 Mannequin (1937) - Mrs.Cassidy
 Mad About Music (1938) - Annette Fusenot
 My Bill (1938) - Aunt Caroline
 Cowboy from Brooklyn (1938) - Mrs. Jordan
 The Affairs of Annabel (1938) - Mrs. Fletcher
 Girls on Probation (1938) - Kate Heath
 Tom Sawyer, Detective (1938) - Aunt Sally
 The Great Man Votes (1939) - Phoebe Ainslee
 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1939) - Widow Douglass
 The Man Who Dared (1939) - Jessie Carter
 Sorority House (1939) - Mrs. Scott
 The Girl from Mexico (1939) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 Five Came Back (1939) - Martha Spengler
 The Forgotten Woman (1939) - Margaret Burke
 Full Confession (1939) - Norah O'Keefe
 Disputed Passage (1939) - Mrs. Cunningham
 The Roaring Twenties (1939) - Mrs. Sherman
 Mexican Spitfire (1940) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (1940) - Jury Member
 Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940) - Sarah Lincoln
 Honeymoon Deferred (1940) - Sarah Frome
 Ma! He's Making Eyes at Me (film) (1940) - Minerva
 Saturday's Children (1940) - Mrs. Halevy
 Sing, Dance, Plenty Hot (1940) - Agatha
 The Howards of Virginia (1940) - Aunt Clarissa
 Slightly Tempted (1940) - Ethelreda Knox
 Let's Make Music (1941) - Malvina Adams
 High Sierra (1941) - Ma
 Nice Girl? (1941) - Martha Peasley
 Mr. Dynamite (1941) - Achilles
 Footlight Fever (1941) - Aunt Hattie Drake
 The Mexican Spitfire's Baby (1941) - Aunt Della
 Paris Calling (1941) - Madame Jennetier
 Jail House Blues (1942) - Mrs. Alyosius McGonigle McGann
 The Man Who Returned to Life (1942) - Minerva Sunday
 The Lady Is Willing (1942) - Mrs. Cummings
 Mexican Spitfire at Sea (1942) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 Reap the Wild Wind (1942) - Mrs. Claiborne
 Are Husbands Necessary?(1942) - Mrs. Westwood
 I Live on Danger (1942) - Mrs. Morrell
 Mexican Spitfire Sees a Ghost (1942) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 Mexican Spitfire's Elephant (1942) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 Journey for Margaret (1942) - Mrs. Bailey
 Random Harvest (1942) - Mrs. Lloyd
 The Amazing Mrs. Holliday (1943) - Louise Holliday
 Mexican Spitfire's Blessed Event (1943) - Aunt Della Lindsay
 Never a Dull Moment (1943) - Mrs. Schuyler Manning III
 Higher and Higher (1943) - Mrs. Georgia Keating
 Weird Woman (1944) - Grace Gunnison
 The Canterville Ghost (1944) - Mrs. Polverdine
 In the Meantime, Darling (1944) - Mrs. Helen Corkery
 Tall in the Saddle (1944) - Miss Elizabeth Martin
 Blonde Fever (1944) - Mrs. Talford
 Grissly's Millions (1945) - Leona Palmor
 A Song for Miss Julie (1945) - Mrs. Ambrose Charteris
 The Unseen (1945) - Mrs. Norris
 Mama Loves Papa (1945) - Jessie Todd
 The Fighting Guardsman (1946) - Mme. de Montrevel (uncredited)
 They Made Me a Killer (1946) - 'Ma' Conley
 The Walls Came Tumbling Down (1946) - Catherine Walsh
 Lover Come Back (1946) - 'Ma' Williams
 Roll on Texas Moon (1946) - Cactus Kate Taylor
 The Shocking Miss Pilgrim (1947) - Mrs. Prichard
 The Egg and I (1947) - Betty's Mother
 The Romance of Rosy Ridge (1947) - Emily Baggett
 Life with Father (1947) - Mrs. Whitehead
 Mourning Becomes Electra (1947) - Mrs. Hills
 High Wall (1947) - Mrs. Kenet
 The Bride Goes Wild (1948) - Mrs. Carruthers
 Bodyguard (1948) - Gene Dysen
 Sealed Verdict (1948) - Mrs. Hockland
 Every Girl Should Be Married (1948) - Mary Nolan
 Down Dakota Way (1949) - Dolly Paxton
 Guilty of Treason (1950) - Mother Mindszenty
 The Secret Fury (1950) - Dr. Twining
 Sierra (1950) - Aunt Susan
 Hills of Oklahoma (1950) - Kate Carney
 Bunco Squad (1950) - Jessica Royce
 The Milkman (1950) - Mrs. Laura Carter
 My True Story (1951) - Mme. Rousseau
 In Old Amarillo (1951) - Granny Adams
 Bannerline (1951) - Mrs. Margaret Trimble
 It's a Big Country (1951) - Diner on Train (uncredited)
 Scaramouche (1952) - Isabelle de Valmorin

References

External links

1887 births
1958 deaths
Actresses from London
20th-century English actresses
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
English stage actresses
British expatriate actresses in the United States
Deaths by intracerebral hemorrhage

masks:
Elisabeth Risdon
Risdon


title: Queen Paola of Belgium

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; born 11 September 1937) is a member of the Belgian royal family, who was Queen of the Belgians from 1993 to 2013, as the wife of the King Albert II. Early life and family background
<mask> was born in Forte dei Marmi, Tuscany, Italy, the seventh and youngest child of Fulco, Prince Ruffo di Calabria, 6th Duke of Guardia Lombarda  (1884–1946), who was a World War I Italian flying ace. Her mother was Donna Luisa Gazelli dei Conti di Rossana e di Sebastiano (1896–1989), a matrilineal descendant of the Marquis de Lafayette, a hero of the American Revolution. She is of Italian and French ancestry and was hailed as one of the leading beauties of Europe in her youth. Queen <mask> is fluent in Italian, French, German and English. Less fluent, and the cause of occasional criticism, is her Dutch, the mother tongue of nearly 60 percent of Belgians. Marriage and family

In 1958, the Prince of Liège went to the Vatican to witness the coronation of Pope John XXIII.At a reception at the Belgian embassy, the Prince met Italian <mask> Ruffo di Calabria. "We were both shy, so we only talked a little. ", <mask> said later about their first meeting. Prince Albert later proposed marriage to <mask> and she accepted. Their engagement was announced at the Chateau of Laeken in 1959. The couple married at St. Goedele Cathedral in Brussels on 2 July 1959. They have three children together: Philippe of Belgium (b.15 April 1960), Princess Astrid of Belgium, and Prince Laurent. Health
In 2015, the court announced Queen <mask> was taking "a period of total rest"  following doctors' orders. They also announced that she had to cancel a planned visit to the Biennale in Venice. Further communications were kept private. The Queen sent a message to Grosio, where she was expected to visit the residence of her aunt the Marchioness Margherita Pallavicini Mossi. Newspapers believed that the Queen suffered from a stroke during the holiday. The palace later announced she was being treated for a cardiac arrhythmia.Activities

Apart from her activities in the company of King Albert II, Queen <mask> devotes her time to social issues mainly in the social and cultural sphere. The Queen has demonstrated interest in the contemporary Belgian arts, visiting Venetian Biennale several times. She has acquired works of Jan Fabre, Michael Borremans and others for the Royal collection. The Queen has often met with such artists as Luc Tuymans and Dirk Braeckman. The Queen takes a keen interest in the protection and preservation of Belgium's heritage. She makes numerous visits to cultural sites, from Beguine convents to early 19th century industrial facilities. Queen <mask> is interested in both traditional and contemporary crafts, and takes every opportunity to encourage the exercise and teaching of craft professions.Queen <mask> keeps abreast of contemporary art and regularly supports major exhibitions and artistic performances both in Belgium and abroad. On the initiative of Queen <mask>, contemporary artists have had the opportunity to design and make original works within the Royal Palace of Brussels. In 1992, Queen <mask> established the Queen Paola Foundation. The foundation focused on integration and training for young people. The foundation's activities are geared towards social integration, support for teachers at all levels of the education system and schools in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Queen <mask> is an honorary chairman of the Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel and Missing Children Europe.

masks: Paola Marghta Maria Antonia Conglia Ruffo di Calria


title: Yvonne Cormeau

texts:
<mask>, born <mask> (18 December 1909 – 25 December 1997), code name Annette,  was an agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine organization, the Special Operations Executive (SOE), in World War II. She was the wireless operator for the Wheelwright network led by George Starr in southwestern France from August 1943 until the liberation of France from Nazi German occupation in September 1944. The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in occupied Europe against the Axis powers. SOE agents allied themselves with French Resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. Cormeau was acclaimed for the quality and quantity of her wireless transmissions. SOE cryptographer Leo Marks said that in more than 400 transmissions Cormeau never made a single mistake. Cormeau also survived an unusually long time for wireless operators who were vulnerable to detection and capture by the German occupiers.She was a recipient of the Order of the British Empire from the United Kingdom and the Legion of Honor and Croix de Guerre from France. Early life
<mask> Biesterfeld was born in 1909 to a Belgian consular official and Scottish mother. She was educated in both Belgium and Scotland. She was living in London when in 1937 she married Charles Emile <mask>, a chartered accountant. Her husband enlisted in The Rifle Brigade and in 1940 he was wounded in France and was sent back to the UK. Shortly afterwards he was killed when their London home was bombed. Her life was saved by a bathtub which fell over her head and protected her, although killing her unborn baby.She sent her two-year-old daughter Yvette to the countryside to escape the frequent bombing of London. World War II

Recruitment and training
Newly widowed, Cormeau decided to "take her husband's place in the Armed Forces" and she joined the WAAF as an administrator in November 1941 (Service No 2027172). While serving at RAF Swinderby she answered an appeal on the noticeboard for linguists, and was recruited by SOE and began training as an F Section wireless operator on 15 February 1943. She was promoted to the rank of Flight Officer. Her daughter, Yvette, was only two years old at the time. Cormeau placed her in a convent of Ursuline nuns in Oxfordshire where she remained until she was five. She did her SOE training with Yolande Beekman and Noor Inayat Khan.She was the only one of the three to survive her mission to France. On the night of 22 August 1943 Cormeau left RAF Tempsford and was parachuted into Saint-Antoine-du-Queyret,  east of Bordeaux. Her assignment was to work as the wireless operator on the SOE F Section Wheelwright circuit in Gascony. The leader of the circuit (or network) was George Starr, code name Hilaire, whom she had known before the war when living in Brussels. Her code name was Annette. She declined to take with her the cyanide pill offered by SOE to agents so they could commit suicide if captured. She arrived armed with a .22 revolver, but, on Starr's advice, she never carried it with her during her thirteen months in France.To be captured by the Germans while carrying a firearm or a cyanide pill was, he told her, a death sentence. Wireless operations
<mask> was a talented and accurate wireless (W/T) operator, being able to transmit 18 to 22 words per minute in Morse code, compared with the 12 words per minute of the average operator. This was important because the longer an operator (called a "pianist" in SOE slang) was on line the more likely the Germans were to find them using direction finding equipment.<ref>O'Connor, Bernard (2012), Churchill's Angels, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, pp 119-120</ref>

The standard wireless transceiver issued to SOE wireless operators was the B Mark II, a cumbersome  machine concealed in a suitcase. It required the operator to extend a wire aerial  long. In the rural areas in which Cormeau worked she often stretched the aerial through a vineyard. The wireless could be powered by either AC (household) electricity or an automobile battery. Cormeau preferred to use a battery as she believed it was harder for the Germans to locate the source of the transmission and also because the villages in which she worked often lacked electricity.She carried the crystals for the machine and the codes separately in a hidden pocket of her briefcase. She preferred to use codes written on silk handkerchiefs rather than more cumbersome one-time pads made of paper. Early in her mission, SOE provided Cormeau with a much more portable Type A MK III wireless which weighed only  and was contained in an attache case.Escott, Beryl E. (2010), The Heroines of SOE, Stroud, Gloucestershire: The History Press, pp. 116-117

The most important way for a wireless operator to avoid detection and arrest was to use the wireless only briefly (not more than 20 minutes per transmission), infrequently, and from widely different locations. The life of a wireless operator was lonely. The SOE's instructions were, "The ideal is for the W/T operator to do nothing but W/T work, to see his organiser [leader] as little as possible, if at all, and to have contact with the fewest possible number of the circuit." At work
In the first few months she was in France, Cormeau worked also as a courier for Starr.She was scheduled to do three wireless transmissions a week, which also involved coding and decoding messages. The Wheelwright network was large in area and she changed her location often, never staying in one house more than three days. This was for her own security, as well as the security of the rural families who permitted her to stay with them and transmit from their homes and properties. As the Wheelwright network was large in area, she often had to bicycle up to  to change residences and to deliver or receive messages. While traveling around, she also identified fields that could be used to parachute supplies or as landing areas for airplanes and supplied the coordinates to SOE in London. She identified herself as a district nurse, thus giving her a reason for moving from place to place if stopped by Germans or the French police, the Milice, to check her papers. She was almost arrested by the Germans after being betrayed by an agent codenamed Rodolph.However, she continued to operate, despite being confronted by "wanted" posters in her neighbourhood which gave an accurate sketch of her appearance. She was stopped at a German roadblock with Starr; the pair was questioned while a gun was held to their backs. Eventually the Germans accepted her story and the false identification papers and she succeeded in passing her wireless equipment off as an X-ray machine.Escott, p. 110

In the early months of 1944, as the invasion of France by allies was anticipated, the tempo of activity by the resistance increased and Cormeau's work as a wireless operator became more demanding. She now transmitted several times a day and she stayed for lengthy periods in one place, the hilltop village of Castelnau-sur-l'Auvignon, the headquarters of George Starr. The official historian of SOE, M.R.D. Foot described Cormeau's work:

[She was] a perfectly unobtrusive and secure craftswoman...She broke one of the strictest rules of wireless security--i.e. always keep on the move--with success: she transmitted for six consecutive months from the same house.She could see for three miles from the window where she worked, which was one safeguard; a more effective one was that there was no running water in the village, so the Germans who knew there was an English wireless operator somewhere close by never thought of looking for her there. Cormeau sent over 400 messages to London, second only to Auguste Floiras of the Jockey network who operated for a longer period of time. She made arrangements for arms and supplies to be dropped for the local Maquis. She assisted in the cutting of the power and telephone lines, resulting in the isolation of the Wehrmacht Group G garrison near Toulouse. In June 1944, <mask> was shot in the leg while escaping from a German attack on Castelnau, but managed to escape with her wireless. The dress she wore on this occasion and the bloodstained briefcase she carried are on permanent display in the Imperial War Museum in London along with her WAAF officer's uniform. On 21 August, Toulouse fell to the French Forces of the Interior, the umbrella organisation of resistance fighters.Starr and <mask> drove into the city, American and British flags on their car. The liberation of southwestern France was complete. On 25 September, <mask> and George Starr departed France, nine days after Starr and Charles de Gaulle clashed and he ordered them out of the country. Honours and decorations
After the war she was appointed MBE, and decorated with the Légion d'honneur, Croix de Guerre, Médaille de la Résistance, and Palmes Academiques. Postwar
A year after the end of the war, Cormeau was demobilised with the WAAF rank of Flight Officer. She then worked as a translator and in the SOE section at the Foreign Office. She became a linchpin of F Section veterans and arranged their annual Bastille Day dinner.<mask> and her daughter, Yvette Pitt, were reunited and lived in London. <mask> was one of the earliest members of the Special Forces Club in London and she was a committee member. She promoted Anglo-French relations. In her 70s, she married again to James Edgar Farrow, with whom she lived in Derbyshire. He predeceased her. She spent her later years at Tall Pines nursing home, formerly in Gally Hill Road, Fleet, Hampshire. After <mask>-Farrow died, she was survived by her daughter.Her memorial service was attended by representatives from both UK and French governments. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1989 when she was surprised by Michael Aspel. She was interviewed for the movie Charlotte Gray and described as the "real Charlotte" of the novel and film. She was an advisor to the BBC television series Wish Me Luck. References
 Squadron Leader Beryl E. Escott, Mission Improbable: A salute to the RAF women of SOE in wartime France, London, Patrick Stevens Ltd, 1991; ISBN
 Liane Jones, A Quiet Courage: Women Agents in the French Resistance, London, Transworld Publishers Ltd, 1990;
 Marcus Binney, The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE in the Second World War'', London, Hodder and Stoughton, 2002;
 She was the subject of a 'This is Your Life' programme in November 1988

External links
Charlotte Gray film website with video interviews with Cormeau

 Imperial War Museum Interview

Notes

1909 births
1997 deaths
People from Shanghai
British Special Operations Executive personnel
Women's Auxiliary Air Force officers
Recipients of the Resistance Medal
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Female recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Female wartime spies

masks:
Yvonne Cormeau
Beatrice Yvonne Biesterfeld
Beatrice Yvonne
Cormeau
Cormeau
Cormeau
Yvonne Cormeau
Cormeau
Cormeau
Cormeau
Yvonne Cormeau


title: Tom Robbins

texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1932) is an American novelist. His best-selling novels are "seriocomedies" (also known as "comedy-drama"). His novel Even Cowgirls Get the Blues was made into a movie in 1993 by Gus Van Sant and stars Uma Thurman, Lorraine Bracco, and Keanu Reeves. Early life
<mask> was born on July 22, 1932, in Blowing Rock, North Carolina, to <mask> and Katherine Belle Robinson. Both of his grandfathers were Baptist preachers. The <mask> family resided in Blowing Rock before moving to Warsaw, Virginia, when the author was still a young boy. As an adult, <mask> has described his young self as a "hillbilly".<mask> attended Warsaw High School (class of 1949) and Hargrave Military Academy in Chatham, Virginia, where he won the Senior Essay Medal. The following year he enrolled at Washington and Lee University to major in journalism, leaving at the end of his sophomore year after being disciplined by his fraternity for bad behavior and failing to earn a letter in basketball. In 1953, he enlisted in the Air Force after receiving his draft notice, spending a year as a meteorologist in Korea, followed by two years in the Special Weather Intelligence unit of the Strategic Air Command in Nebraska. He was discharged in 1957 and returned to Richmond, Virginia, where his poetry readings at the Rhinoceros Coffee House led to a reputation among the local bohemian scene. Early media work
In late 1957, <mask> enrolled at Richmond Professional Institute (RPI), a school of art, drama, and music, which later became Virginia Commonwealth University. He served as an editor and columnist for the college newspaper, Proscript, from 1958 to 1959. He also worked nights on the sports desk of the daily Richmond Times-Dispatch.After graduating with honors from RPI in 1959 and indulging in some hitchhiking, <mask> joined the staff of the Times-Dispatch as a copy editor. In 1962, <mask> moved to Seattle to seek an M.A. at the Far East Institute of the University of Washington. During the next five years in Seattle (minus a year spent in New York city researching a book on Jackson Pollock) he worked for the Seattle Times as an art critic. In 1965, he wrote a column on the arts for Seattle Magazine as well as occasionally for Art in America and Artforum. Also during this time, he hosted a weekly alternative radio show, Notes from the Underground, at non-commercial KRAB-FM, Seattle. It was in 1967, while writing a review of the rock band The Doors, that <mask> says he found his literary voice.While working on his first novel, <mask> worked the weekend copy desk of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. <mask> would remain in Seattle, on and off, for the following forty years. Writing career
In 1966, <mask> was contacted and then met with Doubleday's West Coast Editor, Luthor Nichols, who asked <mask> about writing a book on Northwest art. Instead <mask> told Nichols he wanted to write a novel and pitched the idea of what was to become Another Roadside Attraction. In 1967, <mask> moved to South Bend, Washington, where he wrote his first novel. In 1970, <mask> moved to La Conner, Washington, and it was at his home on Second Street that he subsequently authored nine books (although, in the late 1990s, he spent two years living on the Swinomish Indian reservation). In the 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> regularly published articles and essays in Esquire magazine, and also contributed to Playboy, The New York Times, and GQ.Michael Dare described <mask>' writing style in the following manner: "When he starts a novel, it works like this. First he writes a sentence. Then he rewrites it again and again, examining each word, making sure of its perfection, finely honing each phrase until it reverberates with the subtle texture of the infinite. Sometimes it takes hours. Sometimes an entire day is devoted to one sentence, which gets marked on and expanded upon in every possible direction until he is satisfied. Then, and only then, does he add a period". When <mask> was asked to explain his "gift" for storytelling in 2002, he replied:

I'm descended from a long line of preachers and policemen.Now, it's common knowledge that cops are congenital liars, and evangelists spend their lives telling fantastic tales in such a way as to convince otherwise rational people that they're factual. So, I guess I come by my narrative inclinations naturally. Over the course of his writing career, <mask> has given readings on four continents, in addition to the performances that he has delivered at festivals in Australia and Mexico, and nightclubs in England and Germany. Awards and praise
In 1997, <mask> won the Bumbershoot Golden Umbrella Award for Lifetime Achievement in the arts that is presented annually by the Bumbershoot arts festival in Seattle. In 2000, <mask> was named one of the 100 Best Writers of the 20th Century by Writer's Digest magazine, while the legendary Italian critic Fernanda Pivano called <mask> "the most dangerous writer in the world". In October 2012, <mask> received the 2012 Literary Lifetime Achievement Award from the Library of Virginia. Other activities
During his brief stint in New York in 1965 <mask> joined the .In the mid-sixties, as a member of the Seattle Arts scene, <mask> reviewed art for several publications in Seattle, wrote essays for museum catalogs, organized gallery exhibits, and was the self-described ringleader in a "boisterous neo-Dada gang of guerilla artists, the Shazam Society". <mask> has defended, in print, Indian mystic Osho, although he was never a follower. <mask> spent three weeks at ceremonial sites in Mexico and Central America with mythologist Joseph Campbell, and studied mythology in Greece and Sicily with the poet Robert Bly. <mask> also traveled to Timbuktu. As of 2013, <mask> is a member of the Marijuana Policy Project's advisory board, alongside numerous other notable figures such as Jack Black, Ani DiFranco, <mask>, and Jello Biafra; he has been honoured at the Laureate Dinner of Seattle's Rainier Club that has also recognized other local figures, such as Charles Johnson, Stephen Wadsworth, Timothy Egan and August Wilson; and he sits on the board of directors of The Greater Seattle Bureau of Fearless Ideas (formerly 826 Seattle), "a nonprofit writing and tutoring center dedicated to helping youth, ages six to 18, improve their creative and expository writing skills, and to helping teachers inspire their students to write." Madame Zoe, a Richmond psychic and palm reader who once lived in Richmond's South Side, was fictionalized in <mask>' Even Cowgirls Get the Blues. In 2016 Richmond artists Noah Scalin and Thea Duskin recreated her bedroom as an installation in the art gallery at Chop Suey Books in Carytown in Richmond.Personal life

<mask> was a friend of Terence McKenna, whose influence appears evident in a couple of his books. A main character (Larry Diamond) in Half Asleep in Frog Pajamas advocates a theory similar to those of McKenna, involving the history and cultural influences of psychedelic plants. <mask> also spent time with Timothy Leary and the author has said that one of the protagonists in Jitterbug Perfume (Wiggs Dannyboy) exhibited certain characteristics of Leary's personality; <mask> has acknowledged using LSD with Leary. He is friends with Gus Van Sant, and performed the voice-over narration in Van Sant's film adaptation of Even Cowgirls Get the Blues. He has been friends with directors Robert Altman and Alan Rudolph, as well, and has had small speaking parts in five feature films. Partial bibliography
<mask> has written eight novels since 1971. He has also written numerous short stories and essays, mostly collected in the volume Wild Ducks Flying Backward, and one novella, B Is for Beer.Nonfiction
Guy Anderson (monograph—16 pages of biographical notes within a collection of Anderson's work) (1965)
Tibetan Peach Pie: A True Account of an Imaginative Life (autobiography) (2014)

Novels
 Another Roadside Attraction (1971)
 Even Cowgirls Get the Blues (1976)
 Still Life with Woodpecker (1980)
 Jitterbug Perfume (1984)
 Skinny Legs and All (1990)
 Half Asleep in Frog Pajamas (1994)
 Fierce Invalids Home from Hot Climates (2000)
 Villa Incognito (2003)

Collections
 Wild Ducks Flying Backward (2005) — a collection of essays, reviews, and short stories. Novellas
 B Is for Beer (2009)

Notes

References

 <mask> Papers, Collection Number M 90, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.

Further reading
Conversations with <mask>, edited by Liam O. Purdon and Beef Torry,  University of Mississippi Press, Jackson 2011

 available online

External links

 Dharma Yum - Weblog of the AFTRLife

Interviews and articles
The Syntax of Sorcery: An Interview with <mask> (2012)
Oral history interview with <mask>, 1984 Mar. 3, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution (1984)
From Blowing Rock to Windy Cliff: A Tentative Chronology
A biographical essay (2003)
Basking Robbins Interview (1985)
Salon.com mini-bio (2000)
Seattle Weekly interview (2000)
<mask>'s advice to writers
Notes From the Underground with <mask>; Archives of radio station KRAB, Seattle, July 7, 1967

20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American satirists
Novelists from North Carolina
Writers from Richmond, Virginia
Writers from Seattle
Living people
Virginia Commonwealth University alumni
Postmodern writers
1932 births
Journalists from Virginia
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Virginia
Novelists from Washington (state)
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
People from La Conner, Washington
Seattle Post-Intelligencer people
Hargrave Military Academy alumni

masks:
Thomas Eugene Robbins
Robbins
George Thomas Robbins
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Robbins
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Tommy Chong
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Tom Robbins
Tom Robbins
Tom Robbins
Tom Robbins
Tom Robbins
Tom Robbins


title: George Edward Hughes

texts:
<mask> (8 June 1918 – 4 March 1994) was an Irish-born New Zealand philosopher and logician whose principal scholarly works were concerned with modal logic and medieval philosophy. Biography
<mask> was born on 8 June 1918 in Waterford city, Ireland. His English parents <mask> and Gertrude Sparks moved to Scotland in the early 1920s, as a result of the Irish War of Independence. <mask> graduated MA with First Class Honours in Philosophy and English, and then in pure Philosophy, from the University of Glasgow. He then studied for a year at the University of Cambridge, before being called back to Glasgow as an assistant lecturer. Subsequently, he held lectureships at the University College of South Wales at Cardiff, and then the University College of North Wales at Bangor. In 1951 he was appointed to the first Chair in Philosophy at the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, a position from which he retired in 1984.He died in Wellington on 4 March 1994. Career
Notable influences on <mask>' philosophical development included John Wisdom and Ludwig Wittgenstein, from whom he took classes at Cambridge; J. L. Austin, a leading exponent of ordinary language philosophy; and Arthur Prior, with whom he found much in common when they met in New Zealand. <mask> was a gifted and revered teacher who played a prominent role in academic affairs at Victoria University. He is well remembered for his passion for clarity, his uncompromising intellectual honesty, and his humanity and gentleness. His early interests were in ethics and the philosophy of religion, but he is most widely known for books on modal logic co-authored with his colleague and former student Max Cresswell. In 1968 they published An Introduction to Modal Logic, the first modern textbook in the area. This book, which has been translated into German, Italian, Japanese and Spanish, was influential in introducing many generations of students and researchers to Kripke semantics, a mathematical theory of meaning that revolutionised the study of modal logics and led to applications ranging from the semantics of natural languages to reasoning about the behaviour of computer programs.Vaughan Pratt, the creator of dynamic logic, has written in reference to his own motivation that "a weekend with <mask> and Cresswell convinced me that a most harmonious union between modal logic and programs was possible". <mask>' other special interest was in medieval philosophical logic, where his main projects were the preparation of philosophical commentaries on Latin manuscripts of John Buridan and Paul of Venice, as well as English translations of the originals. He was also a priest in the Anglican (Episcopal) Church, having been ordained in Bangor Cathedral in 1950. At that time there was a need for clergy who could conduct services in both Welsh and English, so the then Bishop of Bangor ordained several men whom he considered suitable, but who had not had the usual theological training. <mask> had a flair for languages that enabled him to quickly learn how to pronounce the set words of the service even though he was not a Welsh speaker. He was married with five children. His wife Beryl <mask> (1920 – 2015), an historian, taught in the History Department of Victoria University for 25 years, and was one of the founders of the Women's Studies programme there.Publications

Books
 The Elements of Formal Logic, by G. E<mask> and D. G. Londey, Methuen 1965. An Introduction to Modal Logic, by G. E<mask> and M. J. Cresswell, Methuen 1968. John Buridan on Self-Reference: Chapter Eight of Buridan's 'Sophismata', with a Translation, an Introduction, and a Philosophical Commentary, by G. E<mask>, Cambridge University Press, 1982. A Companion to Modal Logic, by G. E<mask> and M. J. Cresswell, Methuen 1984. Paul of Venice. Logica magna, Part II, Fascicule 4, Capitula De Conditionali et De Rationali. Edited with an English Translation and Notes by G. E<mask>.The British Academy Classical and Medieval Logic Texts, VI. Published for The British Academy by Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990. A New Introduction to Modal Logic, by G. E<mask> and  M. J. Cresswell, Routledge, 1996. Selected papers
 Motive and Duty, by <mask><mask>. Mind, New Series, Vol. 53, No. 212, (Oct. 1944), pp.314–331. An Examination of the Argument from Theology to Ethics, by <mask><mask>. Philosophy, Vol. 22, No. 81, (Apr. 1947), pp. 3–24.The Ethical Relevance of Consequences, by <mask><mask>. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, Vol. 48, (1947–1948), pp. 59–74. Has God's Existence Been Disproved? : A Reply to Professor J. N. Findlay, by <mask><mask>. Mind, New Series, Vol.58, No. 229, (Jan. 1949), pp. 67–74. Symposium: Is There Knowledge by Acquaintance?, by  H. L. A. Hart, G. E<mask>, and J. N. Findlay. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 23, Politics, Psychology and Art, (1949), pp. 69–128.Moral Condemnation, by G. E<mask>. In Essays in Moral Philosophy, edited by A. I. Melden, University of Washington Press, 1958, pp. 108–134. Plantinga on the Rationality of God's Existence, by G. E<mask>. The Philosophical Review, Vol. 79, No. 2, (Apr.1970), pp. 246–252. Omnitemporal Logic and Converging Time, by G. E<mask> and M. J. Cresswell. Theoria, 41 (1975), no. 1, 11–34. Modal Systems With No Minimal Proper Extensions, by G. E<mask>. Reports on Mathematical Logic, No.6 (1976), pp. 93–98. Omnitemporal Logic and Nodal Time, by <mask><mask>. Reports on Mathematical Logic, No. 8 (1977), pp. 41–61. Equivalence Relations and S5, by G. E<mask>.Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic, 21 (1980), no. 3, pp. 577–584. Some Strong Omnitemporal Logics, by G. E<mask>. Synthese, 53 (1982), no. 1, pp. 19–42.The Modal Logic of John Buridan, by G. E<mask>. In Atti del Convegno internazionale di storia della logica: la teoria delle modalità, ed. G. Corsi, C. Mangione, and M. Mugnani, CLUEB, Bologna, 1989, pp. 93–112. Every World Can See a Reflexive World, by G. E<mask>. Studia Logica, 49 (1990), no. 2, 175–181.Notes

References
 Obituary: <mask>. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 72, No. 4; December 1994, page 548. Vaughan R. Pratt (1980). Application of modal logic to programming. Studia Logica, Vol.39, pages 257–274. External links
 <mask> <mask> at the NZ Electronic Text Centre

1918 births
1994 deaths
New Zealand philosophers
Victoria University of Wellington faculty
Irish philosophers
Irish logicians
Irish Anglicans
New Zealand logicians
20th-century Irish philosophers
Irish emigrants to New Zealand
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom

masks:
George Edward Hughes
Hughes
George James Hughes
George
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. Hughes
. Hughes
. Hughes
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. Hughes
George E
. Hughes
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George Hughes
George Edward
Hughes


title: Kevin Kline

texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1947) is an American actor and singer. He is the recipient of an Academy Award and three Tony Awards. In addition, he has received nominations for two British Academy Film Awards,  two Primetime Emmy Awards, and five Golden Globe Awards. In 2003, <mask> was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. <mask> began his career on stage in 1972 with The Acting Company. He has gone on to win three Tony Awards for his work on Broadway, winning Best Featured Actor in a Musical for the 1978 original production of On the Twentieth Century, Best Actor in a Musical for the 1981 revival of The Pirates of Penzance. In 2003, he starred as Falstaff in the Broadway production of Henry IV, for which he won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play.In 2017 he won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for the revival of Noël Coward's Present Laughter. He made his film debut in romantic drama Sophie's Choice (1982). For his role in the comedy A Fish Called Wanda (1988), <mask> won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. His other films include The Big Chill (1983), Silverado (1985), Cry Freedom (1987), Grand Canyon (1991), Dave (1993), French Kiss (1995), The Ice Storm (1997), In & Out (1997), Wild Wild West (1999), De-Lovely (2004), The Conspirator (2010), My Old Lady (2014), and Beauty and the Beast (2017). <mask> has voiced characters in the films The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), The Road to El Dorado (2000), The Tale of Despereaux (2008) and the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers (2011–present), for which he has earned a Primetime Emmy nomination. Early life and education
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri, to Margaret Agnes Kirk and Robert Joseph <mask> (1909–1996).<ref
name="Robert"/> His father was a classical music lover and an amateur opera singer who owned and operated The Record Bar, a record store in St. Louis that opened in the early 1940s, and also sold toys during the 1960s and 1970s; his father's family also owned Kline's Inc., a department store chain. <mask> has described his mother as the "dramatic theatrical character in our family".<mask>'s father was Jewish, from a family that had emigrated from Germany, and had become an agnostic. <mask>'s mother was a Catholic of Irish descent, the daughter of an emigrant from County Louth. <mask> was raised in his mother's Catholic faith. He has an older sister, Kate, and two younger brothers, Alexander and Christopher. He graduated from the Saint Louis Priory School in 1965. In 1997, the school named its new auditorium as the <mask> Kline Theater in his honor. <mask> performed selections from Shakespeare as a benefit at the dedication.He attended Indiana University, Bloomington, where he was a classmate of actor Jonathan Banks. He began studying composing and conducting music, but switched to a theater and speech major for his last two years, graduating in 1970. <mask> remembers: "When I switched to the Theater Department, all I did was theater...I could barely make it to class because this was my passion." While an undergraduate, he was a co-founder of the Vest Pocket Players, an off-campus theatrical troupe. Acting career

In 1970, <mask> was awarded a scholarship to the newly formed Drama Division at the Juilliard School in New York. In 1972, he joined with fellow Juilliard graduates, including Patti LuPone and David Ogden Stiers, and formed the City Center Acting Company (now The Acting Company), under the aegis of John Houseman. The Company traveled across the U.S. performing Shakespeare's plays, other classical works, and the musical The Robber Bridegroom, founding one of the most widely praised groups in American repertory theatre.At Juilliard, he studied singing with Beverley Peck Johnson. In 1976, <mask> left The Acting Company and settled in New York City, doing a brief appearance as the character "Woody Reed" in the now-defunct soap opera Search for Tomorrow. He followed this with a return to the stage in 1977 to play Clym Yeobright opposite Donna Theodore as Eustacia Vye in The Hudson Guild Theater production of Dance on a Country Grave, Kelly Hamilton's musical version of Thomas Hardy's The Return of the Native. In 1978, he played the role of Bruce Granit, a matinée idol caricature, in Harold Prince's On the Twentieth Century, for which he won his first Tony Award. In 1981, <mask> appeared with multi-genre renowned singer Linda Ronstadt and singer Rex Smith in the New York Shakespeare Festival's Central Park production of Gilbert and Sullivan's The Pirates of Penzance, winning another Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical, for his comically dashing portrayal of the Pirate King. In 1983, he played the role in a film version of the musical, also with Ronstadt, Smith and Angela Lansbury, which had a limited theatrical release. In the ensuing years, <mask> appeared many times in New York Shakespeare Festival productions of Shakespeare plays, including starring roles in Richard III (1983), Much Ado About Nothing (1988), Henry V (1984), and two productions of Hamlet, in 1986 and 1990 (which he also directed).A videotape of the 1990 production has aired on PBS. He also appeared in a Lincoln Center production that combined the two parts of Henry IV on Broadway at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre in 2003 as Falstaff. <mask> was nominated for the 2004 Tony Award, Actor in a Play. Dubbed "the American Olivier" by New York Times theater critic Frank Rich for his stage acting, <mask> finally ventured into film in 1982 in Sophie's Choice. He won the coveted role of the tormented and moody Nathan opposite Meryl Streep. Streep won an Academy Award for her performance in the film. <mask> was nominated for a 1983 Golden Globe award (New Star of the Year) and BAFTA Award for Most Outstanding Newcomer To Film.During the 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> made several films with director Lawrence Kasdan, including The Big Chill, Silverado, Grand Canyon, I Love You to Death, and French Kiss. He played Donald Woods in Richard Attenborough's Cry Freedom opposite Denzel Washington about the friendship between Activist Stephen Biko and editor Donald Woods. In 1989, <mask> won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the British comedy A Fish Called Wanda, in which he played a painfully inept American ex-CIA thug opposite John Cleese's genteel British barrister and Jamie Lee Curtis' femme fatale/con woman. In 2000, the American Film Institute ranked the film twenty-first on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs. In 1993, he provided his first voice acting role in The Nutcracker. The same year, <mask> starred in Dave, a political comedy directed by Ivan Reitman, which also starred Charles Grodin, Sigourney Weaver, and Ben Kingsley. In 1996, he provided the voice role of Captain Phoebus in the 1996 Disney animated film The Hunchback of Notre Dame.Other awards have included Drama Desk Awards, Golden Globe awards, a Gotham Award, a Hasty Pudding Theatricals Man of the Year Award, and a St. Louis International Film Festival Lifetime Achievement Award. He was inducted in the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 2003. He has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Film reviewers have praised <mask>. Newsday critic Lynn Darling wrote on July 13, 1988, that <mask> "has proved himself to be one of the most talented and versatile American actors of his generation." <mask> played the title role in King Lear at the Public Theater and took the lead role in a Broadway production of Cyrano de Bergerac opposite Jennifer Garner. That production was forced to close temporarily after only 11 performances as a result of the Broadway stagehands' strike, but subsequently reopened.Cyrano was filmed in 2008 and aired as part of PBS's Great Performances series in January 2009. In January 2008, <mask> won a Screen Actors Guild award for his portrayal of Jaques in Kenneth Branagh's film As You Like It, adapted from Shakespeare's play. The film premiered theatrically in 2006 in Europe. It bypassed theatres and was sent straight to HBO in the U.S. <mask>'s film The Conspirator premiered during the Toronto International Film Festival in 2010 and was described as an "old-fashioned historical thriller". It was well received by most critics. <mask> also starred in the 2012 comedy Darling Companion alongside Diane Keaton. In 2017, <mask> returned to Broadway in a revival of the play Present Laughter, for which he received his third Tony Award.The same year, <mask> also played Maurice in the musical live-action adaptation of Disney's Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and co-starring with Emma Watson and Dan Stevens. The film received positive reviews and grossed $1.2billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing live-action musical film, the second highest-grossing film of 2017, and the 17th highest-grossing film of all time. In December 2004, <mask> became the 2,272nd recipient of a star on Hollywood Walk of Fame, for his contributions to the motion picture industry, located at 7000 Hollywood Boulevard. More recently, he along with Cate Blanchett is set to star on Alfonso Cuaron's Apple show Disclaimer. Personal life
<mask> met actress Phoebe Cates in 1983. They began dating in 1985 and married in 1989. The couple live on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York.They have two children, <mask> (born 1991) and Greta <mask> (born 1994), who fronts the band Frankie Cosmos. After his son, Owen, was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes, <mask> became active with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. In November 2004, he was presented with the JDRF's Humanitarian of the Year award by Meryl Streep for his volunteer efforts on behalf of the organization. The Kevin Kline Awards honor theatre professionals in St. Louis in an array of categories, which include best actor and actress, set design, choreography, and new play or musical. Acting credits

Accolades

References

External links

1947 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male Shakespearean actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male voice actors
American people of German-Jewish descent
American people of Irish descent
Audiobook narrators
Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners
Drama Desk Award winners
Indiana University alumni
Juilliard School alumni
Living people
Male actors from St. Louis
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from the Upper East Side
Tony Award winners
Catholics from New York (state)

masks:
Kevin Delaney Kline
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Kevin
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Owen Kline
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Kline


title: Mark Prent

texts:
<mask>  (born Poland, 1947, died USA, 2020) was a Canadian sculptor and performance artist that lived in the United States and was best known for the graphic realism of his figurative sculpture. Prent's sculptures have been described as disturbing and even brutal. His work was the subject of a 1972 lawsuit in which a gallery, exhibiting one of his works consisting of a butcher’s counter of human body parts, was charged with "exhibiting a disgusting object". Prent was the subject of the 1976 documentary "If Brains Were Dynamite [You Wouldn't Have Enough to Blow Your Nose] - <mask>nt". Style and Technique
<mask>nt works consist of life-moulded mixed media, polyester resin and fiberglass casts of human models in sometimes disturbing poses and juxtapositions. <mask> has consistently maintained throughout the years, that his sculptures and installations do not carry intentional messages. Despite the powerfully grotesque imagery that he has employed, interpretation is left to the viewer.Prent developed his own unique technique of layering to give a heightened realism to his figures; thus giving rise to the label "Extended Realism". When he later became concerned about the toxicity of polyester resin, he began to experiment with other materials, developing innovative techniques for recreating that trademark quality of virulent realism. This venture into new materials led him in many new directions in his own work and ultimately, to become a technical resource for other artists as well. Biography
Born in Łódź, Poland in 1947, Prent came with his family to Canada in infancy, and grew up in Montreal. He was educated at Sir George Williams University in Montreal, earning  a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. In 1983 he relocated with his wife to Vermont (U.S.A.). Since his public  career began in 1970, <mask> has had over forty solo exhibitions, including the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam, the Academy of Arts in Berlin and the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, as well as participating in an extensive list of group exhibitions.His work can be found in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada, the Art Gallery of Ontario and Montreal’s Musée d’art contemporain. He has been the recipient of numerous awards including many Canada Council Senior Arts Grants, the Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship, the Ludwig Vogelstein Foundation Fellowship, and an Art Matters grant. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. Prent had a 43-year career at Concordia University in Montreal as a Senior Technician in the Mould-Making workshop in the Department of Studio Arts. He was well-known for his technical mastery, and his devotion to helping students realize their artistic projects. Career

Early controversial work
In that same year as he graduated, Prent exhibited two uniquely disturbing entries in "Survey '70", an exhibit of Canadian avant garde artists organized by the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. In 1972 his work gained notoriety when he had solo exhibitions at the Isaacs Gallery on Yonge St. in Toronto.Responding to a complaint lodged by a public morality organization, the Toronto police attempted to close the exhibition which included a delicatessen, dinner table, and butcher room featuring human body parts as foodstuffs. A large group of artists, critics and gallery owners came together to fund the successful legal battle in defense of the Isaacs Gallery. This confrontation was repeated in 1974 when <mask>'s second solo exhibition at the Isaacs Gallery featured controversial room environments including an interactive prison electrocution scene, a voyeuristic glimpse into a handicapped toilet, and an enigmatic operation in progress on a figure with the head of pig and the body of a woman. The gallery's right to exhibit these works was again successfully defended in court. Berlin
In 1974, <mask>'s friend, installation artist Edward Kienholz, secured Prent an invitation to live and work in Berlin, Germany via the German Academic Exchange Service. Prent and his wife Sue spent nearly two years living and working in Berlin, a period of prolific work for the artist which produced a series of figurative installation sculptures of depicting mythic ordeals, superhuman athletes, and the merciless warriors. Upon his return to Canada in 1976, Prent embarked on a new series of smaller, more personal sculptures as well as working on his large installation works.In the U.S.
By 1983 Prent moved to a larger studio space in Vermont (U.S.A.). In 1992 he and his wife began a life-molding and casting business in Vermont called "Pink House Studios Inc.", producing a series of technical/educational videos on life-molding and casting topics, and developing a line of unique products which are sold to mold-makers around the world. His visceral creations earned respect from kindred spirits in the film world. He had a joint exhibition with Canadian horror film icon David Cronenberg, titled Crimes Against Nature, at Toronto’s The Power Plant in 1987. Recent works
In 2005 Prent began a new series of video-taped performance pieces in collaboration with videographer/son Jesse Real Prent. In this series, Prent's own body becomes a living, interacting component of his nightmarish scenarios. David Cronenberg selected a Prent print for a 2013 exhibition he curated at Toronto’s Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art.Film director Guillermo del Toro bought one of <mask>’s sculptures, The End Steals In, after coming across his work online. The piece was included in The Shape of Water director’s touring exhibition At Home With Monsters, which came to the Art Gallery of Ontario in 2017. In 2018, Gallery Gevik held his first solo show since the 1990s in Toronto. In fall 2019, Prent’s art was featured alongside that of Switzerland’s H.R. Giger in a joint exhibition at New York’s Gagosian Gallery Park & 75, curated by artist and filmmaker Harmony Korine and at the Mitchell Algus Gallery in New York. Death
<mask> died of an aortic aneurysm at a Vermont hospital on Sept. 2, 2020. He was 72.Notes

External links
 markprent.com - artists website
 CBC Archives, "Gallery patrons shocked" Video news story first broadcast March 12, 1973
 <mask>nt - Surreal Art Collective

Canadian sculptors
Canadian male sculptors
2020 deaths
1947 births
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Sir George Williams University alumni
Canadian expatriates in the United States

masks:
Mark Prent
Mark Pre
Mark Pre
Mark Prent
Mark Prent
Mark Prent
Mark Prent
Prent
Mark Prent
Mark Pre


title: Linda Blair

texts:
<mask> (born January 22, 1959) is an American actress and activist. She played the role of Regan MacNeil in the horror film The Exorcist (1973), for which she won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for an Academy Award. The film established her as a horror icon; she reprised the role in Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), for which she was nominated for a Saturn Award. <mask> would go on to star in numerous television films, such as Born Innocent (1974), Sarah T. – Portrait of a Teenage Alcoholic (1975), and Stranger in Our House (1978), before establishing herself as a sex symbol in the musical film Roller Boogie (1979). The 1980s had her starring in numerous horror and exploitation films, including the slasher Hell Night (1981), the prison drama Chained Heat (1983), and the grindhouse cult thriller Savage Streets (1984). Throughout the 1990s, <mask> appeared in various independent films and B movies, as well as several television credits. She was the host of the Fox Family reality series Scariest Places on Earth (2001–2003) and had regular appearances on the Animal Planet series Pit Boss (2010–2012).<mask> is a prominent activist for the animal rights movement. In 2004, she founded the Linda Blair WorldHeart Foundation, a nonprofit organization that serves to rehabilitate and adopt rescue animals. A vegan, <mask> co-authored the book Going Vegan! in 2001. Early life
<mask> was born January 22, 1959, in St. Louis, Missouri, to James Frederick and Elinore ( Leitch) <mask>. She has an older sister, Debbie, and an older brother, Jim. When <mask> was two years old, her father, a Navy test pilot-turned-executive recruiter, took a job in New York City, and the family relocated to Westport, Connecticut.Her mother worked as a real-estate agent in Westport. <mask> worked as a child model at age five, appearing in Sears, J.C. Penney, and Macy's catalogues, and in over 70 commercials for Welch's grape jams and various other companies. <mask> secured a contract at age six for a series of print ads in The New York Times. At the same  age she began riding horses, later becoming a trained equestrian. Career

<mask> started acting with a regular role on the short-lived Hidden Faces (1968–69) daytime soap opera. Her first theatrical film appearance was in The Way We Live Now (1970), followed by a bit part in the comedy The Sporting Club (1971). In 1972, <mask> was selected from a field of 600 applicants for her most notable role as Regan, the possessed daughter of a famous actress, in William Friedkin's The Exorcist (1973).The role earned her a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress, and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. Film critic and historian Mark Clark notes that in her performance, "<mask> matches [adult co-star] Ellen Burstyn note-for-note." Despite the film's critical successes, <mask> received media scrutiny for her role in the film, which was deemed by some as "blasphemous", and <mask> has said the film had significant impact on her life and career. After the film's premiere in December 1973, some reporters speculated about <mask>'s mental state, suggesting the filming process had resulted in her having a mental breakdown, which <mask> denied, and she later received anonymous death threats. To combat the rumors and media speculation surrounding her, Warner Bros. sent the then-14-year-old <mask> on an international press tour in hopes of demonstrating that she was "just a normal teenager". <mask> starred opposite Kim Hunter in the wildly controversial television film Born Innocent (1974), in which she plays a runaway teenager who is sexually abused. The film was criticized by the National Organization for Women, the New York Rape Coalition, and numerous gay and lesbian rights organizations for its depiction of female-on-female sexual abuse; the Lesbian Feminist Liberation dismissed the film, stating: "Men rape, women don't," and regarded the film as "propaganda against lesbians."After filming Born Innocent, <mask> also had a supporting part as a teenaged kidney-transplant patient in the disaster film Airport 1975 (1974), which was critically panned, but a success at the box office. A steady series of job offers led <mask> to relocate to Los Angeles in 1975, where she lived with her older sister, Debbie. Between 1975 and 1978, she  had lead roles in numerous television films: Sarah T. – Portrait of a Teenage Alcoholic (1975), as a teenager who becomes addicted to alcohol; Sweet Hostage (1975) opposite Martin Sheen, in which she plays a kidnapping victim; and Victory at Entebbe (1976), a dramatization of a real-life hostage situation starring Anthony Hopkins and Elizabeth Taylor. In 1977, <mask> reprised her role as Regan in the Exorcist sequel, Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977), garnering a Saturn Award nomination for Best Actress of 1978. The film was a critical and commercial failure, however, and at the time was the most expensive film ever made by Warner Bros. Studios. After filming Exorcist II: The Heretic, <mask> took a year off from acting and competed in national equestrian circuits under the pseudonym Martha McDonald. In 1978, she made a return to acting in the Wes Craven-directed television horror film Stranger in Our House (retitled Summer of Fear), based on the novel by Lois Duncan, and also with the lead role in the Canadian production Wild Horse Hank, in which she used her equestrian skills to play a college student saving wild horses from ranchers.<mask>'s career took a new turn in 1979 with her starring role in the musical drama Roller Boogie, which established her as a sex symbol. The following year, she co-starred with Dirk Benedict in Ruckus, playing a young woman who helps a maligned Vietnam veteran evade antagonistic locals in a small town. She also starred in a number of financially successful low-budget horror and exploitation films throughout much of the 1980s. She starred opposite Peter Barton and Vincent Van Patten in the slasher film Hell Night (1981), followed by roles in the women-in-prison film Chained Heat (1983), playing a teenager in a women's prison, and the exploitation thriller Savage Streets (1984), in which she plays the lead of a female vigilante street gang who targets male rapists. In a review of Savage Streets published by TV Guide, her performance was deemed "her best since The Exorcist (1973)... and that's not saying much." Also in 1983, <mask> posed nude in an issue of Playboy. In 1985, <mask> starred again in another women-in-prison feature titled Red Heat, playing a prisoner of war in West Germany.This was followed by a lead in the direct-to-video film Night Force (1985), in which <mask> portrayed a woman who travels to Mexico to save her friend from terrorists. The era of <mask>'s career between 1980 and 1985 was marked by some critical backlash, with <mask> earning a total of five Razzie Award nominations and being awarded two Razzies for Worst Actress. In the late 1980s, she worked in numerous low-budget horror films, including Grotesque (1988), opposite Tab Hunter, and the Italian production Witchery (1988), opposite David Hasselhoff. The following year, she starred in the romantic comedy Up Your Alley opposite Murray Langston, and the Exorcist spoof Repossessed in 1990, co-starring Leslie Nielsen. She  also appeared in several Australian B-movies in the early 1990s, including Fatal Bond (1991) and Dead Sleep (1992). In 1997, <mask> reunited with director Wes Craven for a cameo role as a reporter in Scream (1996), and also starred in a Broadway revival of Grease, playing Rizzo. Also in 1997, she appeared in a documentary for Channel 4 in the United Kingdom entitled Didn't You Used to be Satan?, which served as a biography of her life to that point and how the film The Exorcist had dominated her career and life.<mask> appeared in critic Mark Kermode's 1998 BBC documentary The Fear of God (which Kermode directed and hosted), included as a special feature on the DVD of The Exorcist. In 1999, <mask> appeared in an online parody of The Blair Witch Project titled The Blair Bitch Project. In 2000, she was cast as a regular in the BBC television show, L.A. 7, and between 2001 and 2003, hosted Fox Family's Scariest Places on Earth, a reality series profiling reportedly haunted locations throughout the world. <mask> devotes time to a nonprofit organization she established in 2004, the Linda Blair WorldHeart Foundation, which works to rescue and rehabilitate abused, neglected, and mistreated animals and provide them with needed pet care. As an adult, she became an animal rights activist and humanitarian, working with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Feed the Children, Variety, the Children's Charity, and other organizations, as well as advocating for teen HIV/AIDS awareness. <mask> is on the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society operation’s board of advisors. In August 2005, the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, <mask> travelled to Mississippi and saved 51 abandoned dogs.In 2006, she guest-starred on The CW television series Supernatural playing the part of Detective Diana Ballard, as she aids Sam and Dean Winchester in the episode "The Usual Suspects", which aired November 9, 2006. In 2008, she appeared at the 18th annual Malaga Fantasy and Horror Film Festival to accept a lifetime achievement award for her work in the horror genre. <mask> appeared the following year in the documentary Confessions of a Teenage Vigilante, discussing her role as Brenda in Savage Streets (1984). The documentary was included as a bonus feature on the 2009 DVD release of the film. In 2010, she appeared as herself on the cable series Pit Boss and Jury Duty. She appeared in the 2011 Rick Springfield documentary Affair of the Heart, and was a panelist in a 2011 episode of The Joy Behar Show. In late 2011, <mask> appeared at the taped Governors Awards for the 84th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring makeup artist Dick Smith, who had created the iconic makeup for <mask> in The Exorcist.In 2013, <mask> accepted a role in the comedy web series Whoa!, and has since appeared in the 2016 feature The Green Fairy, and the films Surge of Power: Revenge of the Sequel (2016) and the upcoming Landfill (post-production). Personal life
At age 15, <mask> dated Australian singer Rick Springfield, 25 years old at the time, whom she met during a concert at the Whisky a Go Go. She also dated Deep Purple bassist Glenn Hughes. Between late 1979 and mid-1981, <mask> dated Styx guitarist Tommy Shaw. <mask> also dated Jim Dandy Mangrum of Black Oak Arkansas. In the early 1990s, <mask> was in a relationship with actor Wings Hauser.In a 1982 interview accompanying a topless pictorial in Oui, <mask> revealed that she found Rick James "very sexy". James, who was shown the piece by a member of his retinue, returned the compliment through an intermediary.They dated for two years and James wrote his hit song "Cold Blooded" about her. Speaking on their relationship in his book Glow: The Autobiography of Rick James, he says "<mask> was incredible. A free spirit. A beautiful mind. A mind-blowing body. She liked getting high and getting down as much as I did. We posed topless for a photograph that showed up everywhere.We didn't care. We were doing our own thing our own way. It was a love affair that I hoped would last. It didn't." James revealed that he found out <mask> had been pregnant by him and had an abortion without his knowledge. On December 20, 1977, at 18 years old, she was arrested for drug possession and conspiracy to sell drugs. She pleaded guilty to a reduced charge of conspiracy to possess cocaine, in exchange for three years' probation.She was also required to make at least 12 major public appearances to tell young people about the dangers of drug abuse. <mask> believes in the paranormal and supports animal welfare. In 2004, she founded the Linda <mask> WorldHeart Foundation, a nonprofit organization that serves to rehabilitate and adopt rescue animals. She was a vegetarian for 13 years before becoming a vegan in 2001. <mask> co-authored the book Going Vegan! in 2001. In 2014, <mask> revealed that she was treated for an umbilical hernia., <mask> resides in Coto de Caza, California. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

See also
List of animal rights advocates

References

Works cited

External links

Linda <mask> World Heart Foundation

1959 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Activists from Connecticut
Actresses from Connecticut
Actresses from St. Louis
American child actresses
American child models
American female equestrians
American film actresses
American television actresses
American women activists
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
Keepers of animal sanctuaries
Living people
People from Westport, Connecticut
Golden Raspberry Award winners

masks:
Linda Denise Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Linda
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
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Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
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Linda
Blair
Blair
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Blair
Blair


title: Fillmore Slim

texts:
Clarence Sims (born November 7, 1934), best known by his stage name, <mask>, is a blues vocalist and guitarist with five albums to his credit. During the 1960s and 1970s, he was also a known pimp in San Francisco, referred to several times as "The West Coast Godfather of the Game" and "The Pope of Pimping". Early life
Born and raised in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, <mask> began learning about the blues at an early age. "I done lived the blues," he once said in an interview. "The blues is about picking cotton, working in the fields, living in the streets, and you know I did all these things." In 1955, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a musical career, playing by himself in the street and later starting a band called Eddy N and The Blues Slayers. During this time he had a relationship with Etta James before she achieved her fame as a blues singer and recorded a few 45 rpm records himself.His most successful record from this time was titled "You Got the Nerve of a Brass Monkey". Pimping
<mask>'s life took a dramatic turn when one night, while playing a blues bar in Midland, Texas, he noticed a young woman who kept coming in and out of the bar. As he tells it, "Finally, she came up to me and said, "I like you. I want you to have this money." I asked her how she got all that money. She finally told me she was a hooker. I asked her what a hooker did, and she broke it on down for me."Upon returning to California, he relocated to San Francisco, bringing the girl along with him for extra income. He continued working as a musician, playing in Fillmore District clubs like the Trees Pool Hall and the old Fillmore Theater. He even scored gigs opening for B.B. King and Dinah Washington. Eventually, however, Fillmore found the lure of pimping too strong and effectively left music behind. He built up a stable of prostitutes and had anywhere from ten to twenty two women working Fillmore Street every day. His wardrobe consisted of sharkskin suits, alligator shoes and diamond watches, and he could often be seen cruising up and down Fillmore Street in a new Cadillac.In the documentary American Pimp, Fillmore estimates that, in his entire career as a pimp, he had over 9,000+ prostitutes. Return to music
Fillmore <mask> became friends with Eli's owner Troyce Key, who admired <mask>'s musical stylings and eventually recorded his first album called Born to Sing the Blues (as Clarence "Guitar" Sims), released in 1987. In 1996 Fillmore <mask> updated/re-released, Born to Sing the Blues, on the Mountain Top label. Several years of touring and playing gigs followed, which led to a record deal in 1999 with Fedora Records and an album called Other Side of the Road, released in 2000. Fillmore has released more albums/CDs in the years since with a trilogy of CDs on Mountain Top Records: The Game, The Legend of Fillmore Slim, and The Blues Playa's Ball; that tell his story in his own words and music. Fillmore <mask>'s song writing talents, and musicianship have garnered several awards including being inducted into the Bay Area's West Coast Blues Hall of Fame in 2008, and the Lowell Fulson "Jus' Blues" Award in Memphis in 2011. Since his musical resurgence, Fillmore has found his largest fanbase to be in Europe, where he's played the Zurich Blues Festival and the Blues Estafette in Utrecht, Holland, and France, among others.Released as Clarence "Guitar" Sims. Track list:
 Minding My Own Business
 King Boy
 Better Man
 When I Come Home
 Watchdog
 3rd Rate Love Affair
 Send Her Home
 Broke Baby
 Lonely Heart and Broken Mind
 So Much Trouble
 Body Language
 Things That I Used To Do
 Sims Boogie
 Better Man [Alternate Take]
 Interview: Clarence "Guitar" Sims

It's Going To Be My Time After While (1996)
Released as Fillmore Sims. Track list:
 I'm Broke Baby
 Slippin' Out
 Slow Blues
 All The People I Could Have Been
 I Hear You Cryin'
 Cuttin-N-Loosen
 It's Going To Be My Time After While
 Instrumental

Born to Sing the Blues (1987)
Original vinyl release. Released as Clarence "Guitar" Sims. Track list:
 She's Gone
 Reap What You Sow
 3rd Rate Love Affair
 Watchdog
 Don't Treat Me Right Blues
 Things I Used To Do (E. Jones)
 I'll Be A Better Man
 Hard Luck Blues (R. Brown)
 Body Language-
 Lonely Heart & Broken Mind

References

External links
 Fillmore Slim on Myspace
 Allmusic Fillmore Slim

American pimps
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
Living people
1934 births
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Fillmore Slim
Fillmore
Fillmore
Slim
Slim
Slim
Slim


title: Leslie Ash

texts:
<mask> is an English actress. She is best known for her roles in C.A.T.S. Eyes (1985–1987), the BBC sitcom Men Behaving Badly (1992–1997), ITV drama Where the Heart Is (2000–2003), and BBC medical drama Holby City (2009–2010). Her book  My Life Behaving Badly: The Autobiography was published in 2007. Early career
<mask> was born in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, and first appeared on British television in 1964 at the age of four asking "Mummy, why are your hands so soft?" in an advertisement for the washing-up product Fairy Liquid. She was educated at the independent Italia Conti Academy stage school, and then started a career as a fashion model appearing on the cover of a number of teenager magazines, including Pink, and Jackie, for which she was photographed by David Bailey.Having appeared with her sister Debbie in the 1978 British slapstick comedy Rosie Dixon – Night Nurse; her first major film role was playing the romantic lead in Quadrophenia in 1979. In 1980, <mask> appeared in the Iron Maiden music video, "Women in Uniform" and one of the two Dire Straits music videos of Tunnel of Love. In 1982 she played the role of a fast food chef in the fifth series of Shelley entitled "When the Chip hits the Fan", and appeared opposite Joan Collins in the film Nutcracker. In 1983, she had the starring role in The Balance of Nature, a film about a Cockney girl from a tower block with aspirations to win the Miss United Kingdom competition. The same year, she played Julie Morgan, alias Juletta Shane, in Curse of the Pink Panther, and also appeared opposite Nicky Henson as Nancy in the ITV situation comedy The Happy Apple playing a secretary whose opinions successfully reflected public opinion. She then played a regular role in crime series C.A.T.S. Eyes.From 1983 until 1987, she was a co-presenter on the Channel 4 music programme The Tube alongside Jools Holland and Paula Yates. In 1984 she appeared opposite Roger Daltrey and former Quadrophenia co-star Toyah Willcox in the thriller Murder: Ultimate Grounds for Divorce, and played Carol Landau in the 1985 comedy film Shadey, directed by Philip Saville. In 1987, <mask> appeared in the first episode of the third series of the ITV Home to Roost. The episode was entitled Human Interest, and <mask> played the role of the flamboyant cleaner, Susie Perkins. <mask>'s best known role was playing Neil Morrissey's romantic interest Deborah (Debs) in the situation comedy Men Behaving Badly. She continued in the role for six series. She subsequently acted in BBC police drama Merseybeat and the ITV drama Where the Heart Is.In 1996, during her time on Men Behaving Badly, <mask> released a single "Tell Him" with co-star Caroline Quentin, under the name of "Quentin & Ash". It reached number 25 in the UK singles chart. Later work
<mask> appeared in BBC Radio 4's comic radio series, Vent (2007), alongside Neil Pearson, Fiona Allen and Josie Lawrence. In May 2008, <mask> worked with Transparent Television to make a documentary about the unregulated cosmetic beauty industry whilst exploring her own experiences. The programme, <mask>: Face to Face was broadcast on ITV on 23 September 2008. In 2009, <mask> appeared on daytime TV panel programme Loose Women to discuss her new role in Holby City and her previous health problems. <mask> reappeared on Loose Women on 17 February 2012 where she discussed her on stage tour of All the Single Ladies.In 2014, <mask> was a contestant on the BBC programme, Celebrity Masterchef. In 2020, she appeared opposite many of her Quadrophenia co-stars in the unofficial semi-sequel To Be Someone. In 2021, it was announced that she would be reprising her role as Vanessa Lytton in an episode of Holby Citys sister series Casualty. In the same year, she also appeared in an episode of the BBC soap opera Doctors as Mary McRae. Personal life
<mask> is married to former footballer Lee Chapman, and they have two sons. Her sister is former 'Hot Gossip' dancer <mask>. They appeared together as sisters in Rosie Dixon – Night Nurse.Health
<mask> contracted toxoplasmosis two months into her pregnancy while in France, where it is more common than in the United Kingdom. She told the BBC that she wished to raise awareness of the issue in Britain. <mask> was hospitalised at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in April 2004 after suffering two cracked ribs. She was discharged after a few days, but was readmitted after losing all feeling in her legs. In June 2004 while she was still in hospital, it was announced that a Staphylococcus aureus infection might have rendered her permanently unable to walk. In January 2007 <mask> confirmed she was suing the hospital. Papers lodged at the High Court asserted that <mask> would never return to active TV roles.The hospital admitted breach of duty over part of her treatment but denied responsibility for the extent of her injuries and in January 2008 paid out a record £5m compensation in an out-of-court settlement. Steve Walker, chief executive of the NHS Litigation Authority, said the payout set a new record for compensation following a hospital-acquired infection. The previous highest amount was £500,000. The payment was justified by the NHS compensation body as being "because of the amount <mask> was earning at the time she fell ill and takes into account how much she might have earned in the future". Lip implants
In her thirties, <mask> had a collagen injection to 'plump up' her lips. When she was forty she decided to repeat the procedure with the same plastic surgeon, the mother of a Venezuelan friend. In the second procedure, liquid silicone was injected resulting in extreme swelling of her lips, a condition dubbed as "trout pout" in the press.Subsequent medical analysis showed that the silicone had set and the condition is permanent. During this time <mask> starred in a series of advertisements for the DIY chain Homebase (again, with Neil Morrissey) and starred in Merseybeat, which evoked further ridicule from the media about her appearance. <mask> has since spoken out about the press ridicule she received as a result of her botched implants, commenting: "If I'd lost a leg in a car crash, people wouldn't have felt able to take the mickey out of me so mercilessly ... People don't laugh at Heather Mills because she lost a leg." News of the World legal action

<mask> and Chapman sued the News of the World for breach of privacy over suspicions that their voicemails, and those of their two sons, were illegally accessed by private investigator Glenn Mulcaire. They wrote to the police over their suspicions, and the police informed them that there were four pieces of paper referring to <mask> in Mulcaire's notebooks, and five items relating to Chapman. There were further items relating to their children. In August 2011, <mask> and Chapman settled a claim against the paper and Mulcaire for an undisclosed sum and received an apology.They planned to take action against other newspapers. References

External links

Living people
Actresses from Oxfordshire
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
English film actresses
English television actresses
People from Henley-on-Thames
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Leslie Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Leslie
Ash
Ash
Leslie Ash
Ash
Leslie
Leslie
Ash
Debbie Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Leslie
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash
Ash


title: András Hajnal

texts:
<mask> (May 13, 1931 – July 30, 2016) was a professor of mathematics at Rutgers University and a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences known for his work in set theory and combinatorics. Biography
<mask> was born on 13 May 1931, in Budapest, Hungary. He received his university diploma (M.Sc. degree) in 1953 from the Eötvös Loránd University, his Candidate of Mathematical Science degree (roughly equivalent to Ph.D.) in 1957, under the supervision of László Kalmár, and his Doctor of Mathematical Science degree in 1962. From 1956 to 1995 he was a faculty member at the Eötvös Loránd University; in 1994, he moved to Rutgers University to become the director of DIMACS, and he remained there as a professor until his retirement in 2004. He became a member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1982, and directed its mathematical institute from 1982 to 1992. He was general secretary of the János Bolyai Mathematical Society from 1980 to 1990, and president of the society from 1990 to 1994.Starting in 1981, he was an advisory editor of the journal Combinatorica. <mask> was also one of the honorary presidents of the European Set Theory Society. <mask> was an avid chess player. <mask> was the father of <mask>, the co-dean of the European College of Liberal Arts. Research and publications
<mask> was the author of over 150 publications. Among the many co-authors of Paul Erdős, he had the second largest number of joint papers, 56. With Peter Hamburger, he wrote a textbook, Set Theory (Cambridge University Press, 1999, ).Some of his more well-cited research papers include
A paper on circuit complexity with Maas, Pudlak, Szegedy, and György Turán, showing exponential lower bounds on the size of bounded-depth circuits with weighted majority gates that solve the problem of computing the parity of inner products. The Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem on equitable coloring, proving a 1964 conjecture of Erdős: let Δ denote the maximum degree of a vertex in a finite graph G. Then G can be colored with Δ + 1 colors in such a way that the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. Several authors have subsequently published simplifications and generalizations of this result. A paper with Erdős and J. W. Moon on graphs that avoid having any k-cliques. Turán's theorem characterizes the graphs of this type with the maximum number of edges; Erdős, <mask> and Moon find a similar characterization of the smallest maximal k-clique-free graphs, showing that they take the form of certain split graphs. This paper also proves a conjecture of Erdős and Gallai on the number of edges in a critical graph for domination. A paper with Erdős on graph coloring problems for infinite graphs and hypergraphs.This paper extends greedy coloring methods from finite to infinite graphs: if the vertices of a graph can be well-ordered so that each vertex has few earlier neighbors, it has low chromatic number. When every finite subgraph has an ordering of this type in which the number of previous neighbors is at most k (that is, it is k-degenerate), an infinite graph has a well-ordering with at most 2k − 2 earlier neighbors per vertex. The paper also proves the nonexistence of infinite graphs with high finite girth and sufficiently large infinite chromatic number and the existence of graphs with high odd girth and infinite chromatic number. Other selected results include:
In his dissertation he introduced the models L(A) (see relative constructibility), and proved that if κ is a regular cardinal and A is a subset of κ+, then  ZFC and 2κ = κ+ hold in L(A). This can be applied to prove relative consistency results: e.g., if 2ℵ0 = ℵ2 is consistent then so is  2ℵ0 = ℵ2 and 2ℵ1 = ℵ2. Hajnal's set mapping theorem, the solution to a conjecture of Stanisław Ruziewicz. This work concerns functions ƒ that map the members of an infinite set S to small subsets of S; more specifically, all subsets' cardinalities should be smaller than some upper bound that is itself smaller than the cardinality of S. Hajnal shows that S must have an equinumerous subset in which no pair of elements x and y have x in ƒ(y) or y in ƒ(x).This result greatly extends the case n = 1 of Kuratowski's free set theorem, which states that when ƒ maps an uncountable set to finite subsets there exists a pair x, y neither of which belongs to the image of the other. An example of two graphs each with uncountable chromatic number, but with countably chromatic direct product. That is, Hedetniemi's conjecture fails for infinite graphs. In a paper with Paul Erdős he proved several results on systems of infinite sets having property B. A paper with Fred Galvin in which they proved that if  is a strong limit cardinal then

This was the result which initiated Shelah's pcf theory. With James Earl Baumgartner he proved a result in infinite Ramsey theory, that for every partition of the vertices of a complete graph on ω1 vertices into finitely many subsets, at least one of the subsets contains a complete subgraph on α vertices, for every α < ω1. This can be expressed using the notation of partition relations as

With Matthew Foreman he proved that if κ is measurable then the partition relation  holds for α < Ω, where Ω < κ+ is a very large ordinal.With István Juhász he published several results in set-theoretic topology. They first established the existence of Hausdorff spaces which are hereditarily separable, but not hereditarily Lindelöf, or vice versa. The existence of regular spaces with these properties (S-space and L-space) was much later settled, by Todorcevic and  Moore. Awards and honors
In 1992, <mask> was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of the Republic of Hungary. In 1999, a conference in honor of his 70th birthday was held at DIMACS, and a second conference honoring the 70th birthdays of both <mask> and Vera Sós was held in 2001 in Budapest. <mask> became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012. References

External links
<mask>'s web page at Rutgers.<mask>'s web page at the Hungarian academy of sciences

1931 births
2016 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
Rutgers University faculty
Set theorists
Graph theorists
Members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
21st-century Hungarian mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians

masks:
András Hajnal
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Peter Hajnal
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