title: Anthony Parker

texts:
<mask> (born June 19, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as well as in Italy and Israel. He is one of the most beloved and successful players in Maccabi Tel Aviv history. After graduating from Bradley University with a major in liberal arts, he entered the 1997 NBA draft and played briefly in the NBA before plying his trade in Europe. There, <mask> spent five seasons with the Israeli Super League basketball club Maccabi Tel Aviv and one season with the Italian Serie A club Lottomatica Roma. With Maccabi he won five Israeli Super League national championships, five Israeli National Cups, three European titles (two EuroLeague Basketball titles, in 2004 and 2005, and the FIBA SuproLeague title in 2001), and was voted two consecutive times EuroLeague MVP. He was also named the 2004 Israeli Basketball Premier League MVP. After returning to the NBA as a free agent in 2006, <mask> was the Toronto Raptors' starting shooting guard.In his first season with the Raptors, <mask> helped the team clinch their first-ever division title, first NBA Playoffs berth in five years, and best regular-season record in franchise history. He helped the Raptors reach the playoffs again in the 2007–08 season, before becoming a free agent in 2009. On June 27, 2012, <mask> retired after playing nine seasons in the NBA, five seasons in Israel, and one season in Italy. He then became a scout for the Orlando Magic from 2012 to 2017. In 2017, he became the general manager of the Lakeland Magic, the Orlando Magic's NBA G League developmental team. In 2021, he was moved to Orlando as an assistant general manager. Biography

Early basketball career
<mask> started out playing high school basketball at Naperville Central High School.He then played college basketball at Bradley University where he established himself as a top player, averaging 18.9 points per game (ppg) and shooting 42% from the three-point line in his third season, earning the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) Most Valuable Player and All-MVC first team honors in the same season. His outstanding performances for the Braves ensured that he became one of 15 players honored in Bradley's All-Century basketball team named in 2003. Academically, <mask> also excelled. He majored in chemistry before switching to liberal arts and sciences in his senior year, and earned two Major Robert H. Lawrence Jr. Scholarships while at Bradley. <mask> entered the 1997 NBA draft after four years at Bradley and was selected 21st overall by the New Jersey Nets, but he was immediately traded to the Philadelphia 76ers in a multi-player trade. In his two seasons with the 76ers, <mask> was largely plagued by injury and played in only 39 regular season games, averaging just over five minutes a game and totaling 74 points and 26 rebounds.He was subsequently traded together with Harvey Grant to the Orlando Magic for Billy Owens before the 1999–2000 season. <mask> again struggled at Orlando, playing only 16 games with modest averages of 3.6 ppg and 1.7 rebounds per game (rpg) before being released in January 2000. He finished the remainder of the season with the Quad City Thunder of the Continental Basketball Association where he averaged 11.5 points in 26 games. European career
Disappointed in his failure to make a breakthrough in the NBA, <mask> turned to Europe to resurrect his basketball career, intending to return to the NBA after a good season with a European club. Eventually, he moved to Israel in the 2000–01 season, where he was signed by the Israeli EuroLeague powerhouse Maccabi Tel Aviv. Initially, <mask> and his wife were intimidated by the occasional bomb attacks in the city, but they soon settled in and <mask> was able to focus on his basketball career. Within his first season with his new club, he became one of their most pivotal players.<mask> was signed to fill the void left by Doron Sheffer's retirement at the shooting guard position, but ended up featuring as both a scorer and play-maker for Maccabi. He immediately brought to the team his ability to score, rebound, block shots, and even entertain the crowds with slam dunks. In <mask>'s inaugural season, Maccabi won the Israeli domestic championship and the Israeli National Cup, as well as the FIBA SuproLeague Cup. He continued his fine form for the club in the 2001–02 season, averaging 16.4 points per game and 5.2 rebounds per game as Maccabi again won both domestic titles and even reached the Euroleague 2001–02 Final Four. <mask> left Israel in 2002, and in January 2003 moved to Italy, where he signed with Virtus Roma, playing in 27 Italian Serie A league games and averaging 14.5 points per game and 5.6 rebounds per game. However, half a year later <mask> longed a return to Israel, a country he had grown to love. Back with Maccabi, he helped his team accomplish two more Triple Crowns by winning the Israeli domestic championship, the Israeli National Cup, and the EuroLeague championship in both 2004 and 2005.In the process, he was named the Israeli Basketball Super League MVP and the EuroLeague Final Four MVP of the Euroleague 2003–04 season, as well as the EuroLeague MVP and first-team All-EuroLeague in the Euroleague 2004–05 season. The 2004–05 season also proved to be a watershed season for <mask>, as he averaged career-highs of 18.0 points per game, 5.3 rebounds per game, and 3.6 assists per game. In his final season with Maccabi, he led the team to another domestic double, but in the Euroleague 2005–06 season's championship game, Maccabi was defeated 73–69 by CSKA Moscow. For his efforts, <mask> was named EuroLeague MVP and first team All-EuroLeague for the second consecutive time. After six years of success in Europe however, <mask> dreamed of returning to the NBA. Overall, he averaged 13.6 points per game, 4.8 rebounds per game and 1.8 steals per game in his Israeli league career, while averaging 15.8 points per game, 5.7 rebounds per game and 1.6 steals per game in the EuroLeague. He made the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors list in 2008, and the EuroLeague 2000–10 All-Decade Team in 2010.<mask>'s experience playing in Israel left a positive impression upon him. He went on to wear jersey number 18 for both Toronto and Cleveland, explaining that: "I played in Israel before I came back to the NBA, and I had such a great time... two of my sons were born while I was playing overseas and one was actually born in Israel. And I just had such a great experience that I wanted to take something from that experience. The number 18, in Judaism, it means 'chai'... and it's the symbol for life and good fortune in Judaism. And I thought that was something to take away from Israel and let them know I'm still representing them." Return to the NBA

Toronto Raptors

In October 2005, during a pre-season friendly representing Maccabi against the Toronto Raptors organized by then Israeli Consul-General Cobie Brosh, <mask> hit the game-winning shot with less than a second remaining to lead Maccabi to a 105–103 win at the Air Canada Centre. This gave the Raptors fans and management a glimpse of his abilities and in July 2006, <mask> was officially signed by Raptors General Manager Bryan Colangelo as a free agent as part of a massive revamp of the 2006–07 Toronto team.He was signed for approximately $12 million (USD) over three years, joining recent European veteran acquisitions Jorge Garbajosa and José Calderón on the team. Adopting a #18 jersey, <mask> quickly established himself as the starting shooting guard for Toronto and a well-respected three-point shooter in the NBA, ranking fourth in the league for three-point field goal percentage by the end of the regular season. Overall, in his first season with Toronto, he averaged 12.4 ppg, 3.9 rpg, and 2.1 apg, leading his team in three-point field goal percentage and free throw percentage. <mask>'s defensive and offensive versatility were credited as instrumental in helping the Raptors clinch their first-ever division title, first NBA Playoffs berth in five years, as well as best regular-season record in franchise history. In the first round of the 2007 NBA Playoffs, <mask> was chosen to defend New Jersey Net and former Toronto favorite Vince Carter. <mask> was effective in shutting down Carter, restricting him to 13-for-43 shooting in the first two games. However, the Raptors were eliminated by the Nets after Game 6.On April 4, 2007, the NBA also announced that <mask> had been selected by a five-member panel of former players as the divisional winner of 2006–07 NBA Sportsmanship Award. The annual award reflects the ideals of sportsmanship in amateur and professional basketball. In the 2007–08 season, <mask> remained—despite the signing of Miami's Jason Kapono—the starting shooting guard for the Raptors, with rookie Jamario Moon completing the wing positions. In a season that was fraught with lengthy injuries to a number of his teammates (such as T.J. Ford and Chris Bosh), he managed to play in all 82 regular season games and ensured that Toronto made the 2008 NBA Playoffs, albeit as the sixth seed. However, the Raptors were eliminated in the first round by the Orlando Magic in five games. <mask> was later named by ESPN as one of the best Euroleague players to have graced the NBA. At the end of the 2007–08 season, he ranked 7th in NBA's all-time leaders in three-point field goal percentage.<mask> played a variety of roles in the following season. First, Kapono was temporarily moved to the starting shooting guard spot after the Raptors fired head coach Sam Mitchell. When Calderón was injured, <mask> had to fill in as the starting point guard. After struggling in December, he hit good form in January and helped the Raptors inch towards a better record after the team went 16–28. Although <mask> eventually regained his starting spot, Toronto fell further behind the playoff race as a result of changing rosters and inconsistent performances, dropping to 21–34 just before the All-Star break. The shooting guard's offensive output was also erratic throughout the season, and the Raptors all but fell out of the playoffs picture by March. The Raptors eventually concluded the regular season with only 33 wins, with <mask> suffering a significant drop in his numbers (shooting percentage and points per game).His future remained uncertain as he was due to become a free agent, but he expressed a desire to return to Toronto for the next season. With Toronto selecting shooting guard DeMar DeRozan in the 2009 NBA draft, that uncertainty was compounded. Cleveland Cavaliers

On July 13, 2009, <mask> James-led Cleveland Cavaliers, a team that had reached the 2007 NBA Finals and 2009 Conference Finals. Cleveland General Manager Danny Ferry said of <mask>: "<mask> will be a solid addition to our roster. He is a very good, intelligent all-around basketball player. Our coaching staff will especially appreciate the good shooting and solid defense that <mask> brings to our team." In a bid to ensure that James had his best shot of winning a title before he could potentially become a free agent after the season, Cleveland also acquired Shaquille O'Neal and subsequently, Antawn Jamison, both of whom were veteran superstars.The new-look Cleveland concluded the regular season with a league-high 61 wins, with <mask> starting all 81 games that he played in. In the first round of the playoffs, they defeated Chicago in five games. Cleveland faced the 2008 champions Boston in the next round, and despite expectations to prevail over the aging Celtics, Cleveland lost the series 4–2. <mask> started all 11 of Cleveland's playoff games. During the 2010 NBA offseason, LeBron James and Zydrunas Ilgauskas left Cleveland for the Miami Heat, which led several other veterans to also leave the team. The departures would thrust <mask>, Antawn Jamison and Anderson Varejão into the spotlight as the veteran leaders for the young team. While Cleveland only managed a conference-worst 19–63 season, they were able to upset LeBron James' heavily favored Miami Heat on March 29, 2011 in a game where <mask> grabbed eight rebounds and scored 20 points.On June 27, 2012, <mask> announced his retirement. National team career
<mask> had a brief stint with the junior United States men's national basketball team, as a college player. He was a member of the Under-22 team alongside future NBA All-Stars Tim Duncan and Paul Pierce. The team defeated host and co-favorite Puerto Rico, twice in the FIBA Americas Under-21 Championship, and captured the gold medal in 1996, en route to qualifying for the 1997 FIBA Under-21 World Cup. In the gold medal game, <mask> scored a game-high 19 points, in a win against Canada. Personal life
<mask> was born in Naperville, Illinois. His father played college basketball at the University of Iowa, while his mother was a cheerleader.<mask>'s younger siblings also played basketball; his brother Marcus played basketball in high school, while his sister Candace plays in the WNBA and was the number one pick of the 2008 draft. Early in his professional basketball career, <mask> married Tamy, and they had their first child in 2002. <mask> is Christian. players
New Jersey Nets draft picks
Orlando Magic players
Pallacanestro Virtus Roma players
Philadelphia 76ers players
Quad City Thunder players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Naperville, Illinois
Toronto Raptors players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Anthony Michael Parker
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Anthony Parker
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title: Art Pope

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 5, 1956) is an American businessman, attorney and former government official. <mask> is the owner, chairman and CEO of Variety Wholesalers, a group of 370 retail stores in 16 states. He is also the president and chairman of the John William Pope Foundation. He previously served in the North Carolina House of Representatives and recently served as the Budget Director for North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory. He is a megadonor to the North Carolina Republican Party. He founded the American conservative North Carolina think tank the Civitas Institute and co-founded the John Locke Foundation and the James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal. Early life and education
<mask> was born May 5, 1956, in Fayetteville, North Carolina, to John W. and <mask>.He spent his early childhood in the town of Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina. He moved with his family to the capital city of Raleigh, North Carolina, in the early 1960s. <mask> graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1978 with a B.A. with honors in political science and went on to earn his J.D. from the Duke University School of Law in 1981.

Business and professional career
<mask> has been chairman, president and CEO of Variety Wholesalers since 2006. Variety owns and operates 370 stores under the names Roses, Roses Express, Maxway, and Super 10, in sixteen states. Sales for Variety Wholesalers, Inc., a privately held company, are estimated to be at least $700 million and up to $1 billion.The company headquarters is located in Henderson, North Carolina, with a distribution center in Henderson. <mask> first joined Variety Wholesaler in 1986. Before entering business, <mask> was an associate attorney with the firm of Skvarla, Boles, Wyrick and From in Raleigh, from 1982 through 1984. In 1984, <mask> took a leave of absence from the firm to work as the director of organization for the North Carolina gubernatorial campaign of Jim Martin. <mask> served as special counsel to Governor Jim Martin in 1985. Governor Pat McCrory appointed <mask> State Budget Director in 2013. <mask> served as State Budget Director from 2013 to 2014, and then stepped down to return to the private sector.In 2017, <mask> became chairman of the Bradley Foundation, a conservative charitable organization. <mask> is chairman and president of the John William Pope Foundation, which he founded with his father, John W<mask>, in 1986. The foundation has donated to Campbell University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the John Locke Foundation (for which <mask> was the founding chairman), The Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, and other organizations. Politics and public service
<mask> has been active with the Republican Party since the late 1970s, serving in a variety of roles ranging from precinct chairman to chairman of the North Carolina GOP State Convention. <mask> has also served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention on three occasions. <mask> was appointed to serve on the North Carolina State Goals and Policy Board from 1985 to 1989. He also served on the North Carolina Capital Planning Commission.<mask> was first elected to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1988 to represent House District 61. He served four complete or partial terms in office, winning elections in 1988 and 1990, being appointed to fill a vacancy in 1999, and winning another election in 2000. He was elected Republican Joint Caucus Leader during the 1991–1992 session. <mask> was awarded the Order of the Long Leaf Pine, the state's most prestigious award for public service, in 1992 at age 36. <mask> vacated his House seat to run for the office of Lieutenant Governor in 1992. After winning a three-way Republican primary in May 1992, <mask> lost the general election to Democrat Dennis Wicker. In June 2011, <mask> was appointed to the board of directors for Golden LEAF (Long-term Economic Advancement Foundation), a nonprofit grant-making organization whose mission is to spur economic development in tobacco-dependent areas of North Carolina.<mask> had previously criticized some Golden LEAF funding decisions. <mask> was among several business leaders appointed in September 2012 to serve on a UNC system advisory group tasked with helping to shape the future of the state's public universities. <mask> was also a member of the Electoral College in 2012, casting one of North Carolina's electoral votes for Mitt Romney. In November 2012, it was announced that <mask> would serve as a co-chair on North Carolina Governor-Elect Pat McCrory's transition team, and in December <mask> was announced as the state's chief budget director in the McCrory administration. In October, 2016 Governor McCrory appointed <mask>, along with former Democratic Governor Beverly Perdue,  to serve on a bipartisan committee to evaluate and recommend relief and recovery measures from Hurricane Matthew. On June 25, 2020, the North Carolina Senate elected <mask> to the University of North Carolina Board of Governors, by a vote of 32-15, for a term beginning July 1, 2020. All Republicans voted for <mask>, as well as some Democrats, including the Democratic Senate Minority Leader, Senator Dan Blue.Funding and activism for conservative causes
In 1975, as a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill freshman, <mask> filed a complaint under the code of student conduct against Algenon L. Marbley, President of the Black Student Movement, for shouting down David Duke of the Ku Klux Klan during a campus speech. <mask> explained that while he condemned the Klan and thought it was a horrible organization, he was defending free speech for everyone. <mask> co-founded the Libertarian Party of North Carolina as a college student in 1976. According to the News and Observer, <mask> "has invested millions in a network of foundations and think tanks, and advocacy groups, both in North Carolina and nationally, that are designed to further conservative and free market ideas." In 2005, <mask> was a founding member of the NC Coalition for Lobbying & Government Reform. He joined former Democratic state Senator Wib Gulley from Durham, North Carolina, in calling for reform of the state's lobbying laws. <mask> has been a long-time supporter of legislation to establish an independent nonpartisan redistricting commission.In 2019, <mask> spoke on behalf of a bipartisan coalition to support a constitutional amendment, sponsored by both Republican and Democratic legislators, to end gerrymandering in North Carolina. He has advocated doing away with the public financing of judicial elections in North Carolina. As an alternative to the election of judges, <mask> stated he supported the appointment of judges by the governor with confirmation by the state legislature. See also
 John William Pope Foundation
 John Locke Foundation
 Variety Wholesalers
 Civitas Institute
 James G. Martin Center for Academic Renewal

References

External links

|-

1956 births
Living people
American philanthropists
American retail chief executives
Duke University School of Law alumni
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
North Carolina lawyers
North Carolina Libertarians
North Carolina Republicans
2012 United States presidential electors
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Asheville School alumni
People from Fuquay-Varina, North Carolina

masks:
James Arthur Pope
Pope
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Joyce Wilkins Pope
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Art Pope
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title: Rosemary Dempsey

texts:
<mask> a noted American Activist, has served many roles in  second wave feminism, civil rights movements, and anti-war protests. Her most notable positions were Vice President for Action of The National Organization of Women (NOW) starting in 1990 and Director for the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy. Education and Early Activism
<mask> earned her B.A in Sociology from the College of New Rochelle in 1967, which was a private, all women's Catholic college. It is known as the first Catholic women's college in New York State when it was founded in 1904. In the Fall of 2016, the College of New Rochelle admitted men for the first time. Later she earned her Juris Doctor from Rutgers University Law School. As a young student, she began her activist career speaking out during the civil rights movement in the 1960s and participating in anti-war protests.Career Highlights
 Founded "New Jersey Women Take Back the Night," with the goal to generate public awareness and lobby legislators for the fight against violence against women
 Chartered the New Jersey Chapter of NOW as President
Formed a battered women's shelter in New Jersey called Womanspace
Chaired a statewide coalition to pass lesbian and gay rights legislation in New Jersey
Served National Board member of the LAMBDA Legal Defense and Education Fund
Founded feminist law firm McGahen, Dempsey and Case
Served as a trustee on the New Jersey Bar Association for four years for  the women's rights section
Served as DC Director for the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy

Professional life
<mask> studied law and worked in the criminal justice system. She practiced law for 12 years in New Jersey, where she founded the feminist law firm McGahen, Dempsey and Case. She became interested in the women's movement in the 1960s because it affected her and every other woman. She came across NOW in 1970 and has played an active role in the organization since. She played a vital role in the chartering of the New Jersey Chapter of NOW in 1973 where she served as their first president. She says, "[NOW] came along at a time in my life when I had little children, and I needed to connect with some meaningful movement." Work with NOW
NOW was founded in June 1966.It started as 28 women who attended the Third National Conference of Commissions on the Status of Women in DC. Today, NOW is the largest women's rights organization in the U.S. NOW has worked toward women's equality and dignity. To do so, they have gone up against issues such as discrimination in education, credit, and employment. NOW also works to help the reputation of women who choose to stay at home, and have helped to elevate their voices. NOW has also fought for the rights of women in marriage and divorce. <mask> was Vice President of the organization during a tumultuous time for women's rights, and was at the forefront of many key feminists movements. During her time with NOW, she travelled around the country on a speaking tour to talk about feminist issues.Some colleges on this tour included Penn State, Franklin and Marshall College, the University of Pennsylvania, Haverford College, and Carnegie Mellon University. A main topic during this tour was the wage gap for women. At this time women were making 58% of what men made, so it was at the forefront of NOW's work. <mask> was also Vice President of NOW when Justice Clarence Thomas was nominated as a Supreme Court Justice. She was quoted saying that Thomas' hearing was a "collective click" for women all over the nation. <mask> helped plan the "We Won't Go Back!" March for Women's Lives in Washington DC that took place on April 5, 1992.This march was sponsored by NOW, and advocated for abortion rights in America. This walk had over half a million attendees, and was organized to impress lawmakers and the public during a time when the Supreme Court was hearing a case that had the ability to severely limit women's rights. The New York Times wrote an article that day outlining the dangers of the Supreme Court Case.On April 22, the High Court will hear arguments on a Pennsylvania law that seeks to limit access to abortion through a variety of regulations, including a 24-hour waiting period and a requirement that women seeking abortions notify their husbands. Many people on both sides see that case as a potential vehicle for overturning Roe v. Wade. Meanwhile, some states have adopted even stricter limits.The Supreme Court case Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Robert P. Casey was a landmark case that reaffirmed Roe v. Wade to secure abortion rights to women. This case sparked the March on Washington, and attracted many women, including celebrities and students from around the nation. A similar march took place in Los Angeles a week later.Domestic Violence
In 1991, there were roughly 1 million incidents reported of domestic violence towards women, and another 3 million incidents were predicted as unreported. Domestic violence had become so common in society at the time that it had been named the top health risk against women. She was a founding member of "New Jersey Women Take Back the Night," an organization that helped to generate public awareness for violence against women. This group also lobbied legislators to gain support for the movement to stop violence against women, and create laws to protect women. This was the start to the idea of the Violence Against Women Act. She has also supported women who have faced domestic violence through her work to create a battered women's shelter in New Jersey called Womanspace. Gay Rights
Being an openly gay women, she also advocated for gay rights.During this time, gay couples were not able to have the same rights and privileges as heterosexual married couples. This meant they were barred from the hospital rooms where their partners were being treated, or they were thrown out of their houses after their partners' death. They did not have the same protections as their heterosexual counterparts. <mask> was a lawyer in many cases revolving around these issues, and fought for equal rights for gay people. She also chaired a coalition to pass lesbian and gay rights legislation in New Jersey. Mitsubishi Law Suit
<mask> traveled to Tokyo in 1996 to raise awareness about a sexual harassment issue between Mitsubishi and hundreds of women that were employed by them. <mask> was doing a lot of talking during her trip with many officials from Tokyo including Mitsubishi Motors representatives.With her help and others, the EEOC, sued Mitsubishi which eventually agreed to pay $34 million in a settlement. Personal life

<mask> was born in Connecticut in 1946, and earned her bachelor's degree in New York before moving to New Jersey for law school. She did most of her activist work out of New Jersey, and raised her two children there as well who were born in 1971 and 1972. She gained national media attention after gaining full custody of her two children even though she was openly gay in 1979. This made it easier for future homosexual couples looking to gain legal custody of their children. She and her long-time partner, Kim Costanza, owned a gay restaurant, bar and guest house in Pass-A-Grille, Florida that has since been closed. References

External links

LGBT rights activists from the United States
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Organization for Women people
College of New Rochelle alumni
Rutgers School of Law–Newark alumni

masks:
Rosemary Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey
Dempsey


title: Daniel Grabauskas

texts:
<mask> (born June 27, 1963) is an American transportation executive and government figure, who is the former executive director and CEO of the Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation (HART) and former general manager of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Worcester, Massachusetts. He is the eldest of four children (sisters Lisa, Karen, and brother David). His father, Drasutis Antanas "Tony<mask>, was a native of Lithuania who emigrated to the United States with his parents in 1949 and died in 2010. His mother, Patricia (Sheehan<mask>, is a native of Milbury, Massachusetts. <mask> grew up in the Central Massachusetts towns of Sutton and Auburn. He attended St. John's High School, received his BA from the College of the Holy Cross and his MBA from Cornell University's Johnson School of Management.Early career
<mask> began his government career in 1987 on the staff of Massachusetts State Senator Mary L. Padula (R-Lunenburg) and soon became her chief of staff. After Padula's appointment as Massachusetts Secretary of the Executive Office of Communities and Development (EOCD) in 1991, he briefly worked as chief of staff for State Senator Richard Tisei (R-Wakefield) before joining Padula as a Deputy Secretary of EOCD from 1991 to 1995. He then served as the chief of staff to the Massachusetts Secretary of Health and Human Services. From 1995 to 1996 <mask> lived and worked in Lithuania as the resident program officer for the nonprofit International Republican Institute. In 1997 he became chief of staff in the Massachusetts Department of Economic Development. From 1998 to 1999, <mask> served as the state's Director of Consumer Affairs under Gov. Paul Cellucci.Registrar of Motor Vehicles
From 1999 to 2002, <mask> served as Massachusetts' Registrar of Motor Vehicles. At the time of his appointment, the agency was described by the Boston Globe as "plagued with long lines and charges of mismanagement" and was considered a political liability after series of articles in the Lawrence Eagle-Tribune detailed the interminable waits at the Registry. During his tenure as Registrar, <mask> was able to reduce the average wait time at the agency from an hour and fifteen minutes to less than ten minutes. He also instituted the use of the Q-Matic queuing system, which allows customers to view their estimated wait times on customized tickets or online. In addition, the number of online transaction available to the public was greatly expanded, with online transactions rising from about 30,000 in 1999 to over 500,000 in 2002. Campaign for State Treasurer
In January 2002, <mask> resigned as Registrar to run for Treasurer of Massachusetts. He defeated Bruce A. Herzfelder in the Republican primary 53% to 47%.He lost in the general election to Democrat Tim Cahill 51% to 41%. Secretary of Transportation

After that loss, Governor-elect Mitt Romney named <mask> to his cabinet as Secretary of Transportation and Construction. He also served as a member of the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority board. During his tenure as Transportation Secretary, the department employed a "fix it first" strategy" which prioritized repairs to existing infrastructure over the construction of new ones. He oversaw the introduction of the first statewide 20-year transportation plan. The plan directed that at least 75 percent of all new capital spending be focused toward maintaining and improving the state's existing transportation network with these funds dedicated to bridge repair, highway reconstruction, de-bottlenecking, intersection and interchange modernization and ensuring a transit system that is in a state of good repair. The plan also included limited transit expansions, prioritizing projects that earn federal dollars, win community support and encourage local contribution.MBTA General Manager
In 2005, <mask> resigned his position as Transportation Secretary to become General Manager of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA). During his four-plus years as General Manager, the MBTA switched its payment method from tokens to the CharlieCard, construction on the Greenbush Line was completed, and WiFi service was installed on commuter rail trains and boats. In 2009, the MBTA bought out the remainder of <mask>' contract, citing the Authority's continuing financial problems, customer service complaints, and <mask>' handling of two subway accidents. <mask>' ouster, which was engineered by Governor Deval Patrick and Transportation Secretary James Aloisi, was criticized by the state Republican Party, who believed that the Republican-appointed Grabauskas was being used as a scapegoat. It was also criticized by Democrats Thomas Menino and Steven Baddour, with the latter describing it as "trying to settle a political score at taxpayers' expense". After his departure, <mask> served as a senior fellow for public policy at MassINC and as chairman and senior strategic adviser of the Bronner Center for Transportation Management. Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation
In March 2012 <mask> was named Executive Director and CEO of the Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation (HART) after he and the HART board of directors agreed on a three-year contract that includes an annual base salary of $245,000, a $36,000 a year housing allowance, a transportation allowance of $6,000 a year, and a potential $35,000 annual performance bonus.HART oversees the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project, the largest public works project in the history of the state of Hawaii. The project, scheduled to open in 2019, is a $9.2 billion, 20-mile long automated rail system that plans to operate a fleet of 80 rail cars and an infrastructure of 21 stations, a 43-acre maintenance and storage facility, three park-and-ride lots, and one park-and-ride structure. <mask> resigned from HART in August 2016. HART Board of Directors member Michael D. Formby was named as interim director. References

External links

1963 births
Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts
College of the Holy Cross alumni
Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management alumni
Gay politicians
LGBT appointed officials in the United States
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority people
Massachusetts Secretaries of Transportation
Massachusetts Republicans
Living people
American chief executives
21st-century LGBT people
Massachusetts Registrars of Motor Vehicles

masks:
Daniel Anthony Grabauskas
Grabauskas
" Grabauskas
) Grabauskas Caruso
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title: Abraham Darby I

texts:
<mask>, in his later life called <mask> Elder, now sometimes known for convenience as <mask> (14 April 1677 – 5 May 1717), was the first and best known of several men of that name. Born into an English Quaker family that played an important role in the Industrial Revolution, Darby developed a method of producing pig iron in a blast furnace fuelled by coke rather than charcoal. This was a major step forward in the production of iron as a raw material for the Industrial Revolution. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask>, a yeoman farmer and locksmith by trade, and his wife Ann Baylies. He was born at Wren's Nest in Woodsetton, Staffordshire, now part of Dudley, West Midlands. He was descended from nobility; his great-grandmother Jane was an illegitimate child of Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley. <mask>'s great-grandmother was a sister of the whole blood to Dud Dudley, who claimed to have smelted iron using coke as a fuel.Unfortunately, the iron that Dudley produced was not acceptable to the charcoal ironmasters. However, this may have inspired his great-grandnephew <mask> to perfect this novel method of smelting. In Birmingham in the early 1690s <mask> was apprenticed to Jonathan Freeth, a fellow Quaker and a manufacturer of brass mills for grinding malt. Here Darby would have seen the use of coke to fuel malting ovens, preventing the sulphur content of coal contaminating the resulting beer, but also avoiding the use of the scarcer charcoal as a fuel. The combination of these two insights was to lead to <mask>'s development of the coke-fuelled blast furnace in 1709. Freeth encouraged <mask> to become a highly active member in the Society of Friends, and he remained so all his life. In 1699, when he completed his apprenticeship, he married Mary Sergeant (1678–1718) and moved to Bristol, where he set himself up as a malt mill maker.Bristol
There was a small community of Quakers in Bristol, and Darby soon gained a reputation for skill and enterprise. In 1702 <mask> joined a number of fellow Quakers to form the Bristol Brass Company, with works at Baptist Mills in Bristol. He brought in 'Dutchmen' to operate a brass battery work, making cooking pots and other holloware under a trip hammer. He also developed a method for casting pots in 'greensand' moulds, previously only used for smaller castings. This enabled pots and cauldrons to be mass-produced and to be thinner than those made by the traditional process of casting in loam moulds. For this purpose, he established the Cheese Lane Foundry in 1704. Initially he cast brass pots, but by 1705, he moved on to using iron.A young Welsh apprentice, John Thomas, solved the problem by using sand for the mould, with a special casting box and core. Using this casting method Darby could cast pots of sufficient thinness and lightness. Darby took out a patent on the new casting method in 1707, <mask>'s successors sold cooking pots over wide areas of England and Wales, and had a virtual monopoly in the trade. For this he used a reverberatory air furnace of a kind developed by Sir Clement Clerke, initially for smelting lead near Bristol, and applied by him or his son Talbot to iron founding at Vauxhall. Copper at Coalbrookdale
In 1700, another group of Bristol Quakers (including Edward Lloyd and Charles Harford) had agreed to set up a brass works 'somewhere in England'. It is not clear where, but by 1712, Caleb Lloyd, Jeffrey Pinnell, <mask> and his brother-in-law Thomas Harvey had brass works at Coalbrookdale. This is likely to be linked to an increase in shipment of 'Callumy'  (Calamine) up the river Severn from 1704 and <mask>'s agreement in 1710 to open a copper mine at Harmer Hill in Myddle, on behalf of a 'Company of the City of Bristol'.However, <mask> was not a partner in establishing Tern Mill, near Tern Hall (now Attingham Park) in 1709, though his partners Thomas Harvey, Lloyd and Pinnell were. At this point <mask> decided to leave the brass company and concentrate on his iron founding pursuits. Coalbrookdale furnace

Darby leased the furnace in September 1708, and set to work preparing to get it into blast. His first account book, running from 20 October 1708 to 4 January 1710 survives. This shows the production of 'charked' coal in January 1709 and the furnace was brought into blast on 10 January. Darby sold 81 tons of iron goods that year. The furnace was used for the first time on 10 January 1709 and the blast appears to have been successful.<mask> was probably helped by the fact that the Shropshire 'clod coal' that he was using was fairly sulphur-free. However, experimentation with different fuels continued for some time; for example cargoes of coal were brought up the Severn from Bristol and Neath. Some of the molten iron from the blast was run into pigs and sent down the Severn for use in Bristol foundries, but much of it was used to cast pots and other cast iron goods. The reasons why the iron produced by <mask> was not used in forges to make wrought iron have been much debated. The reason may be partly that his pig iron was better for castings than charcoal pig iron, but the presence of silicon as an impurity made it an unattractive feedstock for finery forges. However recent work has thrown doubt on this explanation, which is based on data from the 1720s when the Coalbrookdale Company operated a forge: the forge could hardly even make a profit with charcoal pit iron. The business was partly financed by a loan from Thomas Goldney <mask> of Bristol and by Graffin Prankard and James Peters becoming partners.Later John Chamberlayne became a partner, and <mask>'s brother-in-law Thomas Baylies a manager. Expansion
In 1712 Darby offered to instruct William Rawlinson, a fellow Quaker and ironmaster, in the techniques of smelting with coke. Apparently, Rawlinson, the founder of the Backbarrow Iron Company in Furness, did not take up the offer. In 1714, <mask> and his partners renewed their lease (effective from 1717) and then built a second blast furnace. This was slightly more productive in the 1720s than the Old Blast Furnace. It is not clear when this furnace began production but it was certainly in use by 1718. The company also secured Vale Royal Furnace in central Cheshire, but this did not come into their possession before <mask>'s death.Afterward, it was taken over by Thomas Baylies with other partners. The Company embarked on a similar venture at Dolgûn, near Dolgellau, where John Kelsall was appointed as clerk, but it is probable that the furnace there was not finished until after <mask> died, when his widow and the other partners sold off their lease. Death
After 18 months' illness, <mask> died on 5 May 1717, at his home, Madeley Court, Madeley, Shropshire, aged 39. He had built a house for himself in Coalbrookdale but did not live to occupy it. He was buried in the Quaker burial-ground at Broseley, Shropshire. His widow died only a few months later. New company
<mask>'s death left the affairs of the business in a mess.His own shares were mortgaged to Thomas Goldney, who then exchanged the debt for eight shares (of 16) in the business. Richard Ford, who married <mask>'s daughter Mary, had two shares and became manager, but on the widow's death Thomas Baylies took out letters of administration as a creditor and sought to sell the works. Darby's eldest son, <mask> <mask>, was only six years old and his two brothers younger still. Accordingly, their uncle Joshua Sergeant bought back some of the shares on behalf of the Darby children. The children were sent away to school, and <mask> began assisting in the management of the works in 1728 and he was awarded four shares in the company in 1732. Legacy

<mask> made an important step towards the Industrial Revolution. His method of casting pots in sand provided his successors with a viable business that operated for over two centuries.Smelting iron with coke ultimately released the iron industry from the limitation imposed by the preliminary step of "charcoal burning" where trees were first cut and burned to make charcoal. It also shifted the fuel used for making steel from renewable wood, to a fossil fuel, and so helped preserve native woodland. Coke-smelted cast iron went into steam engines, bridges, and many of the inventions of the 19th century. Coke smelting made possible the great quantities of iron produced which drove the Industrial Revolution. See also
 <mask> II
 <mask> III

References

External links

<mask> and family biography
The <mask> family of inventors
The <mask> dynasty
The Darby House

Britain Unlimited's page on the Darbys

English ironmasters
People of the Industrial Revolution
17th-century English inventors
English Quakers
Foundrymen
1678 births
1717 deaths
Quaker families
17th-century Quakers
18th-century Quakers
Burials in Shropshire

masks:
Abraham Darby
Abraham Darby the
Abraham Darby I
Abraham Darby
John Darby
Abraham
Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
Abraham Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
Darby
II
Darby
Darby
Abraham Darby
Darby
Abraham Darby
Darby
Abraham
Abraham Darby
II
Abraham II
Abraham Darby
Abraham Darby
Abraham Darby
Abraham Darby
Darby
Darby


title: Ahmad Daouk

texts:
<mask> () was a Lebanese politician who on two occasions became Prime Minister of Lebanon. He was born in 1892 to the <mask> Family. He was the younger brother of <mask>, the Head of Beirut Vilayet that time (pre-Greater Lebanon) before the French Mandate of Lebanon. <mask> was known for being one of few men to ever serve as prime minister of Lebanon in the  French Mandate of Lebanon and the First Republic of Lebanon (1943-1991). Sami Solh also served within these two periods. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Ras Beirut in 1892. After completing his secondary studies in a French school in Beirut in 1910, <mask> went to France to continue his studies where he obtained a diploma in engineering from the National School of Arts and Crafts of Aix-en-Provence in 1914.Early career
<mask>'s notable career began in 1915 where he worked as an engineer at the Société Générale des Sucreries within the refinery industry of Egypt. In 1919 he was assigned personally by His Majesty King Hussein I of Hejaz, as his technical adviser and he was put in charge of the mining industry in Hejaz. Upon returning from Hejaz to Lebanon, <mask> was appointed by His Excellency Charles Debbas as both the Mayor of Beirut and Aley. This was of course just 8 years after Omar Bey <mask> was the Mayor of Beirut and the head of Beirut Vilayet in 1918 before the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. <mask> was Mayor until 1941 until he was appointed as Prime Minister of Lebanon. In 1927 <mask> became an influential philanthropist in Beirut. Throughout this period <mask> was influential along other political figures in visioning Lebanon's independence carving the path towards it.First Mandate

<mask>'s first mandate was during the French Mandate when, after having served as Secretary of State for Public Works and Post Telephone and Telegraph earlier in 1941, he was appointed Prime Minister 1941 to 1942 during the rule of President Alfred Naqqache by the President of Lebanon. His first mandate was renowned for helping pave the way for Lebanon's independence, after he had stepped down from his role in 1942 increasing the pressure asserted on France's actions by the United Kingdom and the western powers. Although he had very close ties with France on the political sphere, <mask> was known for fully supporting the idea of a free and independent Lebanese republic. Upon resignation, as Sunni Muslim judge from Sidon known as Sami Solh was appointed as <mask>'s successor

Diplomatic career

In 1943, <mask> became the President of the National Congress of Lebanon right after he completed his term as Prime Minister, or what was called the President of Councils before 1943. In 1944 <mask> was chosen as the consul of Lebanon to France he would become an ambassador in 1953 and remain at that position within his diplomatic mission for another five years until his return in 1958. His diplomatic mission was widely supported by the Lebanese as he severely re-strengthened Lebanon's ties with France, while Camile Chamoun was shifting Lebanon's ties towards the United States. In 1958 <mask> was appointed ambassador to Spain where he strengthened the ties between Lebanon and Spain and promoted economic and political cooperation in various projects within Lebanon.A program was also launched to attract and re-invite the Lebanese diaspora that had left Lebanon earlier to Latin America. <mask> has also been a delegate of Lebanon in many conferences within the United Nations, Arab League and UNESCO. After his second mandate, <mask> became a director of the OGERO group, Lebanon's telecommunications company, he also had an intuitive role in real estate. Second Mandate

Upon the election of Fuad Chehab as President of Lebanon, he dissolved the Lebanese parliament on 5 May 1960. This forced Prime Minister Karami to resign later on 14 May 1960. On 15 May 1960, <mask> took initiative and formed an interim government while heading it as Prime Minister to hold back the increasing tensions in Lebanon during the political vacuum of the early 60s. The Lebanese Parliamentary elections were held and finalized by 3 July 1960.<mask>'s interim government granted 11 seats to Karami's party in the Chamber of Deputies whereas the independent politicians (of whom <mask> was one) were granted 41 out of 99 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. This paved the way for Saeb Salam's election later that year. In addition, <mask> was also Minister of National Defense and Minister of Finance during the initial 1960's. His policies were credible as they contributed to Lebanon's booming economy in the 1960s where the Lebanese were among the wealthiest 30 nations in the world. Diplomatic career
In 1944 <mask> was chosen as the consul of Lebanon to France he would become an ambassador in 1953 and remain at that position within his diplomatic mission for another five years until his return in 1958. In 1958 <mask> was appointed ambassador to Spain where he strengthened the ties between Lebanon and Spain and promoted economic and political cooperation in various projects within Lebanon. A program was also launched to attract and re-invite the Lebanese diaspora that had left Lebanon earlier to Latin America.<mask> has also been a delegate of Lebanon in many conferences within the United Nations, Arab League and UNESCO. After his second mandate, <mask> became a director of the OGERO group, Lebanon's telecommunications company, he also had an intuitive role in real estate. Personal life
Outside Parliament, <mask> was noted by others to be very similar to his iconic brother Omar. Omar Bey <mask> was quoted by Michel Chiha's personal observations:

“…My recently departed friend had all the characteristics of a sage. Both in private and in public, he was an upstanding citizen. We were both members of the first committee that saw to the birth of our nation’s Constitution. He was known for his quiet discernment, his respect for the rights of others, for his perfect understanding of the country’s multiplicity, his sense of harmony and his recognition of the political and social benefits that Greater Lebanon offered all its citizens.He saw in it the possibilities of a multi-communal society. More at home behind the scenes, his advice was often called upon in matters of state or business. The nation will always remember what he stood for and will always be grateful for the public contributions of this exemplary man…”

‘Omar Bey <mask>’, M.C., Le Jour, November 1949. Honors
- Honorary Colonel of the Army of (Hejaz)

- Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor (France)

- Medal of Vermeil of the City of Paris (France)

- Grand Cross of the Order of Christ (Portugal)

- Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (Spain)

- Grand Officer of the Order of St. Charles (Monaco)

- Grand Officer of the Order of Nahda (Hejaz)

- Grand Officer of the Umayyad Order (Syria)

- Grand Officer of the Order of the Cedar (Lebanon)

- Medal of Queen Elizabeth (England)

Photo gallery

References

Prime Ministers of Lebanon
Lebanese diplomats
Politicians from Beirut
1892 births
1979 deaths

masks:
Ahmad Bey Daouk
Daouk
Omar Bey Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
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Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk
Daouk


title: Jasmina Tešanović

texts:
<mask> (; born March 7, 1954) is an author, feminist, political activist (Women in Black, Code Pink), translator,  and filmmaker. Life and work

Born in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. As a child she went to Cairo, Egypt with her parents where she attended the primary Port Said School in English. In Cairo she took piano lessons with Croatian pianist Melita Lorkovic. In 1966 her parents transferred to Milan, Italy where she attended the international School of Milan (British School). In 1971 she enrolled at University of Milan and studied Law School for two years which she abandoned to study Art and Cinema. In 1975 she went to live in Rome after assisting Miklós Jancsó's movie Private Vices, Public Pleasures, shot in Ormož, Slovenia.She lived with actress Laura Betti where she met and befriended director Pier Paolo Pasolini. In 1976 she graduated Lettere Moderne at the University of Milan with a thesis on Andrei Tarkovsky with Prof. Adelio Ferrero. In 1977, she collaborated with Umberto Silva on the movie Difficile morire. She did conceptual video performances at the student cultural center of Belgrade SKC ("Love is only a Matter of Words," "An Unedited Being," etc.) and shot short films together with Radoslav Vladić. She translated Italian authors such as Italo Calvino, Elsa Morante, Alberto Moravia, Sandro Veronesi, Andrea de Carlo, and Aldo Busi, and published an anthology of contemporary Italian literature within Yugoslavia. In 1994, together with Slavica Stojanović, she founded the feminist publishing house "Feminist 94."Her first book of essays "The Invisible Book" became a manifesto for alternative Serbian feminist/pacifist culture. Since then she published several other fiction and essays books translated in several languages. She is the author of Diary of a Political Idiot, a war diary written during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia and widely distributed on the Internet. In 2004 the Hiroshima Prize for Peace and Culture was awarded to Borka Pavićević, founder of the Centre for Cultural Decontamination in Belgrade, with additional prizes to Biljana Srbljanović and <mask> <mask>, Serbian authors and peace activists. She is the member of the Norwegian PEN center. Personal
She has a daughter. In 2005, she married American science fiction writer Bruce Sterling.She has a column in La Stampa, Italy, "I Globalisti" (together with her husband Bruce Sterling) and Yellow Cab, Belgrade, Boing Boing. Filmography
Difficile Morire, artistic collaboration on Umberto Silva's film, (Rome 1977)
Mother and Sinner, with Rade Vladic (Belgrade 1978)
Morning Midday Evening, with Rade Vladic, film based on a short story by David Albahari (Belgrade 1978)
Nefertiti Was Here (Belgrade 1978)
Nefertiti Was Here in Belgrade (Belgrade 2003)
Jasmina's Diary, with Dinko Tucakovic (Belgrade 1999)
Stencil Art in Serbia (Belgrade 2007)
A Minute to Twelve (Belgrade 2007)
Invisible Cities (Belgrade 2008)
Rafts (Belgrade 2008)
Participation (Belgrade 2008)
Blogs (Belgrade 2008)
Recycling Romany (Belgrade 2008)

Footnotes

References
Source for this article

External links
<mask> Tesanovic weblog on b92
 Women in Black  (international) website
Code Pink
Nefertiti Was Here
Serbian elections according to <mask> Tešanovic (interview)
<mask> Tesanovic personal weblog. <mask> Tesanovic Vimeo
 Jasmina Tesanovic Soundcloud Audio

1954 births
Living people
Feminist writers
Serbian feminists
Serbian non-fiction writers
Serbian women short story writers
Serbian short story writers
Serbian dramatists and playwrights
Translators from Italian
Translators to Serbian
Women dramatists and playwrights
International Writing Program alumni
20th-century Serbian women writers
20th-century Serbian writers
20th-century Serbian women
21st-century Serbian women writers
21st-century Serbian women
21st-century Serbian writers

masks:
Jasmina Tešanović
Jasmina
Tešanović
Jasmina
Jasmina
Jasmina
Jasmina


title: Georges Estienne

texts:
<mask> (18 April 1896 – 25 January 1969) was a French aviator, explorer and businessman. He mapped and commercially exploited the longest automobile route in the world, linking the Mediterranean to the Niger, Chad and Congo. His company ran a network of automobile transport lines across the Sahara, and later provided air service between many of the French colonies in Africa. The demand from tourists collapsed with the Algerian War (1954–62), and eventually Estienne's companies were taken over by the government of independent Algeria. Early years

<mask>'s family originated in Lorraine. He was the third son of General <mask>, polytechnician, who was known for developing armored vehicles and the tank. The four Estienne boys were brought up with military discipline.After the outbreak of World War I (1914–18), in September 1914 <mask> enlisted at the age of eighteen. He served with the fourth battalion of Chasseurs Alpins in the campaigns in Belgium, the Somme and the Vogues. He asked to be transferred to aviation, and quickly distinguished himself as a specialist in long-range reconnaissance. By the age of twenty-one he had earned seven citations, and had been awarded the military medal and the Legion of Honour. Early Sahara crossings
After the war, influenced by his father, <mask> became attracted to the Sahara. At the time the Sahara was mostly within the French colonial empire, and had not yet been fully explored by Europeans. The main means of travel was by camel in caravans.Gaston Gradis directed the first expedition to cross the Sahara from north to south by car. For this purpose, on 23 May 1923 he founded the Compagnie Générale Transsaharienne (CGT). The retired General Jean Baptiste <mask> was made president of the company. The purpose of the company was to "study, establish and exploit land and air communications between the various territories of the African continent,
particularly between Algeria and Niger." It was decided to send a reconnaissance under lieutenant <mask> as far as Tessalit to study the route,
and if results were favorable to send a second led by Gaston Gradis to the Niger River. The first mission was led by <mask>, with his brother René and lieutenant Hubel,
accompanied by four legionnaires and four Citroën mechanics. They travelled from Béni Ounif to Adrar, Algeria, and onward to Tessalit, then returned to Colomb-Béchar.Four Citroën cars with Kégresse tracks towed a Nieuport-Delage aircraft with folding wings covered by a huge white tarpaulin. The mission left Adrar on 17 November 1923, reached Tessalit on 30 November, and returned to Adrar on 13 December, having mapped a shorter route than those known before, over excellent terrain. A second exploratory expedition left Colomb-Béchar at midnight on 25 January 1924, headed by Gaston Gradis, with three large six-wheel Renault cars with double tires. Gradis was accompanied by the Estienne brothers, M. Schwob, an engineer from Renault, and three mechanics. After reaching Adrar the expedition left for the south in two vehicles, following the tracks of the November reconnaissance expedition, which were still visible. The six-wheel cars proved faster than the Citroën caterpillars. This expedition reached Gao, on the Niger River, and returned to Béchar on 1 March 1924.Gradis was optimistic about the potential for aerial travel along this route. The second Gradis expedition left Colomb-Béchar on 15 November 1924 in three six-wheel Renaults. Gradis was accompanied by the journalist Henri de Kérillis, and Marshal Louis Franchet d'Espèrey was accompanied by commandant Ihler. The Estienne brothers again joined the expedition. The other members were three Renault mechanics and three legionnaires. The expedition reached Savé in Dahomey on 3 December 1924 after a journey of . The expedition leaders took the train south, and reached Porto-Novo on the Atlantic on 14 December 1924.They then returned to Europe by boat, while the <mask> brothers raced back from Savé to Colomb Bechar in six days, setting a new record for long-distance speed in Africa. Trans-Saharan transport

The trans-Saharan expedition was acclaimed as a great success, but <mask> was not satisfied due to the huge resources that had been required. The two brothers returned to improve the track. In February 1926 they marked out the route from Adrar so vehicles could find their way in sands storms and heat haze. At each kilometer on the  route they placed a numbered barrel with a water reserve. This was the famous "Bidon V" route. <mask> became head of the CGT.In April 1926 he and <mask> created a "sleeping car", a moving hotel that made it possible to cross the Tanezrouft in comfort. To publicize the practicality of the crossing, in 1927 <mask> traveled alone from Oran to Niamey in five days as part of an eleven-day journey from Paris to Fort-Lamy. On 18 May 1927 René was killed when a convoy of trucks he was in was attacked by robbers on the road from Tafilalt. <mask> continued without his brother, and pushed the track through to Gao. The route soon became popular for sporting expeditions. <mask> married in 1927, and had two sons and two daughters. The family settled in the Nice area.In 1928 he resigned from the army to dedicate himself to the CGT. In 1933 he resigned from the CGT and became involved in opening the oasis route through the Hoggar Mountains. He was made head of the Société Algérienne des Transports Tropicaux (SATT). He and his brother Jean were major shareholders of the SATT. The Hoggar route made it possible to travel from Algiers to Kano in eleven days. In 1934 the line was extended to Fort Lamy. This was the longest route in the world with regular automobile transport.Estienne established and operated trans-Saharan lines for thirty-eight years from his office in Algiers. He built workshops at Fort-de-l'Eau, Algiers to maintain his rolling stock. During World War II (1939–45) SATT continued its automobile service. After the allies landed in French North Africa the company was allowed to use whatever aircraft it had, which was in effect nothing. In 1945 its automobile fleet had 150 vehicles and with the acquisition of aircraft was able to obtain enough revenue to create the subsidiary Aéro-Africaine with a capital of 10 million. The airline was headed by <mask>. From 11 May 1946 the airline was authorized to provide regular transport from Algiers to fifteen locations among the southern oases and the Hoggar.On 29 October 1946 it obtained permission for an extension to Nice, taking tourists from there via Algiers to the Hoggar. After 1946 SATT expanded to become the Société Africaine des Transports Tropicaux, with expanding tourist operations. By 1949 the air network was serving many of the French African colonies from Bamako to Bangui from its hub at Tamanrasset in the Hoggar. Planes in the early days included NC.702 Martinets, De Havilland Dragon Rapides, Douglas DC-3s, Lockheed L-18s and Lockheed C-60s. When the Algerian War began in 1954 tourism disappeared. The Aéroafricaine lines were taken over the Air Algeria. In 1963 the Algerian state took over the companies without compensation.Estienne died in 1969. Publications

References

Sources

1896 births
1969 deaths
French explorers
French military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
People from Nice
French aviation record holders

masks:
Georges Estienne
Georges Estienne
Jean Baptiste Eugène Estienne
Georges
Georges Estienne
Eugène Estienne
Georges Estienne
Georges Estienne
Estienne
Georges Estienne
Georges Estienne
René Estienne
Georges
Georges
Georges Estienne
Georges Estienne


title: Philip Kitcher

texts:
<mask> (born 20 February 1947) is a British philosopher who is John Dewey Professor Emeritus of philosophy at Columbia University. He specialises in the philosophy of science, the philosophy of biology, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of literature, and more recently pragmatism. Life and career
Born in London, <mask> spent his early life in Eastbourne, East Sussex, on the south coast of the United Kingdom, where another distinguished philosopher of an earlier generation (A.J. Ayer) was also at school. <mask> himself went to school at Christ's Hospital, Horsham, West Sussex. He earned his B.A. in Mathematics/History and Philosophy of Science from Christ's College, Cambridge in 1969, and his PhD in History and Philosophy of Science from Princeton University in 1974, where he worked closely with Carl Hempel and Thomas Kuhn.<mask> is currently John Dewey Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Columbia University. As chair of Columbia's Contemporary Civilization program (part of its undergraduate Core Curriculum), he also held the James R. Barker Professorship of Contemporary Civilization. Before moving to Columbia, <mask> taught at the University of Vermont, Vassar College, The University of Minnesota, University of Michigan, and for several years at University of California, San Diego where he held the position of Presidential Professor of Philosophy. <mask> is past president of the American Philosophical Association. In 2002, <mask> was named a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and he was awarded the inaugural Prometheus Prize from the American Philosophical Association in 2006 in honour of extended achievement in the philosophy of science. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018. <mask> was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Philosophy of Science from 1994 to 1999, was also a member of the NIH/DOE Working Group on the Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of the Human Genome Project from  1995 to 1997.He has trained a number of prominent philosophers of science, including Peter Godfrey-Smith (University of Sydney), Kyle Stanford (University of California, Irvine), and Michael R. Dietrich (University of Pittsburgh). He also taught C. Kenneth Waters (University of Calgary) and Michael Weisberg (University of Pennsylvania) as undergraduates. He is married to <mask>. She is a well known Kant scholar and philosopher of mind who has been the Mark Van Doren Professor of Humanities at Columbia. Their son, <mask>, is the Associate General Counsel for the Federal Election Commission. Philosophical work
Within philosophy, <mask> is best known for his work in philosophy of biology, science, and mathematics, and outside academia for his work examining creationism and sociobiology. His works attempt to connect the questions raised in philosophy of biology and philosophy of mathematics with the central philosophical issues of epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics.He has also published papers on John Stuart Mill, Kant and other figures in the history of philosophy. His 2012 book documented his developing interest in John Dewey and a pragmatic approach to philosophical issues. He sees pragmatism as providing a unifying and reconstructive approach to traditional philosophy issues. He had, a year earlier, published a book outlining a naturalistic approach to ethics, The Ethical Project (Harvard University Press, 2011). He has also done work on the philosophy of climate change. Criteria for what constitutes "good science"

<mask>'s three criteria for good science are:

1. Independent testability of auxiliary hypotheses
 "An auxiliary hypothesis ought to be testable independently of the particular problem it is introduced to solve, independently of the theory it is designed to save" (e.g.the evidence for the existence of Neptune is independent of the anomalies in Uranus's orbit). 2. Unification
 "A science should be unified .... Good theories consist of just one problem-solving strategy, or a small family of problem-solving strategies, that can be applied to a wide range of problems". 3. Fecundity
 "A great scientific theory, like Newton's, opens up new areas of research... Because a theory presents a new way of looking at the world, it can lead us to ask new questions, and so to embark on new and fruitful lines of inquiry... Typically, a flourishing science is incomplete. At any time, it raises more questions than it can currently answer.But incompleteness is no vice. On the contrary, incompleteness is the mother of fecundity... A good theory should be productive; it should raise new questions and presume that those questions can be answered without giving up its problem-solving strategies". He increasingly recognised the role of values in practical decisions about scientific research. Kuhn and creationism

<mask> is the author of Abusing Science: The Case Against Creationism. He has commented on the way creationists have misinterpreted Kuhn:

Thomas Kuhn's book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions has probably been more widely read—and more widely misinterpreted—than any other book in the recent philosophy of science. The broad circulation of his views has generated a popular caricature of Kuhn's position. According to this popular caricature, scientists working in a field belong to a club.All club members are required to agree on main points of doctrine. Indeed, the price of admission is several years of graduate education, during which the chief dogmas are inculcated. The views of outsiders are ignored. Now I want to emphasize that this is a hopeless caricature, both of the practice of scientists and of Kuhn's analysis of the practice. Nevertheless, the caricature has become commonly accepted as a faithful representation, thereby lending support to the Creationists' claims that their views are arrogantly disregarded. Books
Abusing Science: The Case Against Creationism. MIT Press, 1982 (paperback 1983).The Nature of Mathematical Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 1983 (paperback 1984). Vaulting Ambition: Sociobiology and the Quest for Human Nature. MIT Press, 1985 (paperback 1987). The Advancement of Science, Oxford University Press, April 1993 (paper January 1995). The Lives to Come: The Genetic Revolution and Human Possibilities (Simon and Schuster [US], Penguin [UK], January 1996, paperback editions 1997). The American paperback contains a postscript on cloning, almost identical with his article "Whose Self is it, Anyway?”.Patterns of Scientific Controversies, essay in Scientific Controversies: Philosophical and Historical Perspectives, Oxford University Press, 2000. Science, Truth, and Democracy, Oxford University Press, 2001; paperback 2003. In Mendel's Mirror: Philosophical Reflections on Biology, Oxford University Press, 2003. (This is a collection of seventeen of his articles). Finding an Ending: Reflections on Wagner’s Ring, co-authored with Richard Schacht, Oxford University Press, February 2004. Living with Darwin: Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith, Oxford University Press, January 2007. Joyce's Kaleidoscope: An Invitation to Finnegans Wake, Oxford University Press, July 2007.The Ethical Project, Harvard University Press, October 2011. Science in a Democratic Society, Prometheus Books, September 2011. Preludes to Pragmatism: Toward a Reconstruction of Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 2012. Deaths in Venice: The Cases of Gustav von Aschenbach, Columbia University Press, November 2013. Life After Faith: The Case for Secular Humanism, Yale University Press, 2014. Moral Progress, Oxford University Press, 2021. References

External links

The Quest For Inclusion in the Science and Religion Debate
<mask> website via Columbia University.Interview by Point of Inquiry 13 July 2007 (mp3/podcast). Kitcher "explores the implications of Darwinism for both literalist religion, and for liberal faith" and "discusses the role and benefits of religion, and explores alternatives to it, such as secular humanism, and offers ideas for how secular humanism might become more popular in society." Fighting incompleteness, interview by David Auerbach, 3am Magazine, 31 January 2014. Life after faith: Interview with Richard Marshall 3am Magazine, 2 August 2015. 1947 births
20th-century English male writers
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century British philosophers
20th-century essayists
21st-century English male writers
21st-century British non-fiction writers
21st-century British philosophers
21st-century essayists
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Analytic philosophers
British ethicists
British humanists
British male essayists
Charles Darwin biographers
Columbia University faculty
Critics of creationism
Cultural critics
Empiricists
Epistemologists
Living people
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Metaphysicians
Moral philosophers
Ontologists
People educated at Christ's Hospital
Philosophers of culture
Philosophers of education
Philosophers of ethics and morality
Philosophers of literature
Philosophers of mathematics
Philosophers of mind
Philosophers of psychology
Philosophers of science
Philosophers of technology
Philosophy academics
Philosophy of biology
Philosophy writers
Pragmatists
Princeton University alumni
Secular humanists
Social critics
Social philosophers
University of California, San Diego faculty
University of Michigan faculty
University of Minnesota faculty
University of Vermont faculty
Vassar College faculty
Writers about religion and science

masks:
Philip Stuart Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Patricia Kitcher
Charles Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Kitcher
Philip Kitcher


title: Montrezl Harrell

texts:
<mask> (; born January 26, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Louisville Cardinals. <mask> received the Karl Malone Award as the top power forward in the nation as a junior in 2015. He was selected in the second round of the 2015 NBA draft by the Houston Rockets. He was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers in 2017 and was named NBA Sixth Man of the Year in 2020. High school career
<mask>, a 6' 7" power forward from Tarboro, North Carolina, starred at North Edgecombe High School before prepping for a year at Hargrave Military Academy in Chatham, Virginia. There he led the team to a 38–1 record while averaging 25.2 points and 13.6 rebounds per game.Originally <mask> committed to play college basketball for coach Seth Greenberg at Virginia Tech, but after Greenberg was fired, <mask> was released from his commitment and chose Louisville. College career
As a freshman, <mask> backed up power forward Chane Behanan, averaging 5.7 points and 3.6 rebounds in 16.2 minutes per game. He played his best at the end of the season, scoring 20 points in the Cardinals' Big East Conference championship victory over Syracuse. In his reserve role, <mask> helped the Cardinals win the 2013 NCAA championship, which was later vacated, to cap his freshman season. With Gorgui Dieng's departure for the 2013 NBA draft, <mask> received recognition in the offseason leading to his sophomore year as one of the top returning players in the country. The Sporting News selected <mask> to the preseason All-America third team in its 2013–14 college basketball preview magazine. He and teammate Russ Smith received postseason honors, being named to the American Athletic Conference's all-conference first team.<mask> was seen as a potential mid-to-late first-round pick in the 2014 NBA draft . <mask> decided to stay for his junior season instead of opting for the NBA, and the Cardinals moved to the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). In the 2014–15 season, he averaged 15.7 points and 9.2 rebounds per game and was the inaugural winner of the Karl Malone Award, given to the nation's top power forward. He was also named second-team All-ACC. Professional career

Houston Rockets (2015–2017)
On June 25, 2015, <mask> was selected by the Houston Rockets in the second round of the 2015 NBA draft with the 32nd overall pick. On September 19, 2015, he signed a three-year deal with the Rockets. He made his debut for the Rockets in the team's season opener against the Denver Nuggets on October 28, recording eight points and three rebounds in a 105–85 loss.Two days later, he scored 17 points in a loss to the Golden State Warriors. On November 13, he made his first career start, scoring five points in just under 13 minutes of action, as the Rockets were defeated by the Denver Nuggets 107–98. On March 28, 2016, <mask> received a five-game suspension without pay for pushing a game official. During his rookie season, he received multiple assignments to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, the Rockets' D-League affiliate. On November 2, 2016, <mask> had a 17-point, 10-rebound effort off the bench in a 118–99 win over the New York Knicks. On December 21, 2016, against the Phoenix Suns, <mask> made his first start of the season and second of his career. He scored 17 points as a result, tying a career high.On December 30, he set a new career high with 29 points in a 140–116 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. On January 8, 2017, he had 28 points in 26 minutes off the bench on 12-of-13 shooting in a 129–122 win over the Toronto Raptors. Los Angeles Clippers (2017–2020)
On June 28, 2017, the Los Angeles Clippers acquired <mask>, Patrick Beverley, Sam Dekker, Darrun Hilliard, DeAndre Liggins, Lou Williams, Kyle Wiltjer and a 2018 first-round pick from the Houston Rockets in exchange for Chris Paul. On January 11, 2018, he scored a season-high 25 points in a 121–115 win over the Sacramento Kings. On July 24, 2018, <mask> re-signed with the Clippers. On October 26, 2018, <mask> scored a career-high 30 points off the bench in a 133–113 win over the Houston Rockets. On February 22, 2019, he matched his career high with 30 points in a 112–106 win over the Memphis Grizzlies.Three days later, he set a new career high with 32 points in a 121–112 win over the Dallas Mavericks. In September 2020, <mask> was named the NBA Sixth Man of the Year. However, the Clippers fell in seven games after the Denver Nuggets came back from a 3–1 deficit. <mask> averaged 10.5 points and 2.9 rebounds in the playoffs. Los Angeles Lakers (2020–2021)
On November 22, 2020, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Lakers. On December 22, 2020, <mask> made his Lakers debut, putting up 17 points, 10 rebounds, and three assists, in a 116–109 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. Washington Wizards (2021–2022)
On August 6, 2021, <mask> was traded to the Washington Wizards as part of a package for Russell Westbrook.Charlotte Hornets (2022–present)
On February 10, 2022, <mask> was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Ish Smith, Vernon Carey Jr., and a 2023 second-round pick. On February 11, <mask> made his Hornets debut,  putting up 15 points and six rebounds in a 141–119 win over the Detroit Pistons. National team career
In 2012, <mask> was a member of the United States team at the FIBA Americas Under-18 Championship that won Gold in São Sebastião do Paraíso, Brazil. <mask> enjoys collecting and designing sneakers. Through social media, he finds sneaker customizers who can make his shoe designs a reality. <mask> wears different shoes during the first and second half of every basketball game. In August 2018, the NBA modified its shoe policy allowing NBA players to wear any colored shoes.<mask> left the 2020 NBA Bubble in Walt Disney World for a family matter, which was later revealed to be to tend to his grandmother, who died soon after. He missed the first two games in the bubble. References

External links

Louisville Cardinals bio

1994 births
Living people
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2013 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four
Basketball players from North Carolina
Centers (basketball)
Charlotte Hornets players
Hargrave Military Academy alumni
Houston Rockets draft picks
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players
People from Tarboro, North Carolina
Power forwards (basketball)
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Washington Wizards players

masks:
Montrezl Dashay Harrell
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title: Mikey Bustos

texts:
Michael John Yadan Tumanguil <mask> (born June 23, 1981) is a Canadian-Filipino singer and comedian who has appeared on the reality television show Canadian Idol. He is also the owner of AntsCanada, a YouTube channel and accompanying online shop that specialize in ant-keeping. Early life
<mask> was born to Filipino parents in the Weston neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario. Before Canadian Idol, he worked as a temp at the Bank of Montreal. He attended St. Michael's College School in Toronto. Canadian Idol
<mask> placed seventh runner-up in the finals of first season of Canadian Idol in August 2003, despite Chart magazine's prediction: "If we were to lay our bets today, ChartAttack’s money would be on Toronto contestant <mask>, a slightly strange-looking young man with a shaved head and the voice of an angel." <mask> recorded with BMG Music Canada and ViK.Recordings for the Canadian Idol compilation album, which was certified gold on the Soundscan Billboard charts on second day of release, and ranked in the Top 5 best selling Canadian albums in its debut week, selling over 60,000 units nationwide. Post Idol
After competing on Canadian Idol, <mask> began performing throughout Canada and the US at many events and showcases at top venues. Career

In 2004, <mask> recorded, performed, and mastered his craft in New York City residing in Queens and Manhattan, collaborating and recording with producer Glenn Swan of the Chung King Studios. In 2005, <mask> released his debut extended play entitled Love Me Again on May 7. It was produced by Brent Bodrug of B-Group Music, who previously had worked with Alanis Morissette, Jack Soul, and Sugar Jones. In 2006, <mask> continued touring in the U.S. performing in New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Las Vegas. He also began to perform in other countries, traveling to the Philippines, where he was front act for the Pussycat Dolls.<mask> also had a series of guest appearances, interviews, and live performances on popular Philippine TV shows including ABS-CBN's ASAP '06, and GMA-7's Eat Bulaga, StarTalk, SOP, S-Files, Unang Hirit, SIS, MTV Philippines, and even the country's first Philippine Idol. <mask>'s radio performances and mall performance at Eastwood City in Manila were also highlights. In 2007, <mask> was featured in a commercial for MTV Canada & was the front act for Christina Aguilera in the Philippines on July 6. He released a music video the next year for his single "If It Feels Good Then We Should" from his debut solo album Memoirs of a Superhero. The album was released on December 23, 2008, and its album art was designed by Orange Pop Media. In 2009, <mask>' single "If It Feels Good Then We Should" reached Top 20 for multiple weeks on Canadian mainstream radio, as well as Top 2 Music Video on the California Music Channel in the US. His single "All I Need Is Me" was also played at Footlocker Stores nationwide.Under Bustos Entertainment Inc, he signed with Universal Music/North Fontana Distribution in May 2009. In 2010, <mask> was nominated for a Toronto Independent Music Award for Best Adult Contemporary category. His song "Everytime My Heart Beats" from his debut album "Memoirs of a Superhero" since its release has become a YouTube phenomenon. <mask> was also involved in musical theater projects including a star role in the Summerworks production of Prison Dancer: The Musical. <mask> continues to tour the world performing and making guest appearances on TV, radio, and the internet. In January 2014, <mask> joined the cast of the morning radio show Good Times with Mo on Magic 89.9 in the Philippines. <mask> is also the owner of AntsCanada, an ant store based in Toronto that sells ant-keeping supplies made by <mask> in Manila.In 2017, <mask> currently hosts his own TV show <mask> <mask>: Your Pinoy Boy Vlogserye which is currently aired on Philippine regional station CLTV 36 (based in Pampanga). In 2019, <mask> <mask> surprised his fans and followers as he announced that he is part of the LGBT community. <mask> publicly came out on social media on Easter Sunday, April 21. YouTube videos
<mask> is known for his videos uploaded on video website YouTube. He made international headlines in March 2014 for his cover of Avicii's 'Wake Me Up' in which he performed an a cappella number with ten parts. <mask> is very open about his Filipinophilia, his popular videos cover a wide range of topics including "Filipinism", Philippine English phonology and Filipino culture tutorials such as eating Balut (duck embryo), Filipino dining, Filipino courting, and the Filipino CR. He also made a parody of "Born This Way" by Lady Gaga entitled "Pinoy This Way" and has many more based on various trending pop songs.He has appeared on television news several times: TV Patrol and Bandila on ABS-CBN; and 24 Oras and Saksi on GMA. AntsCanada
<mask> also runs another YouTube channel, AntsCanada, where he uploads videos about antkeeping, with his videos mostly involving his personal colonies. Regular updates feature his own colonies, such as yellow crazy ants, fire ants, and asian bullet ants, as well as several other examples. He is also continuing his 'Antopia' series of videos including 'Native ants vs. Invasive ants' and 'Discovering ant #555'. He has also bought several acres of land and plans to use them as a wildlife reserve for ants and various other native animals. In addition to the YouTube channel, <mask> also has an online store with the goal of making antkeeping fun and easy. As well as AntsCanada T-shirts, the store sells formicariums and ant keeping equipment.Queen ants and colonies are also available through AntsCanada's Global Ant Nursery Project, which enables users to buy and sell live ants locally. Personal life
<mask> came out as bisexual on April 22, 2019 via Instagram. He also disclosed that he is in a relationship with RJ Garcia, who is also his manager. Product endorsements
In 2011, <mask> became the spokesperson and endorser for brands like Samsung, Nescafé, and the Mang Juan snacks. His TV commercials for Chicharron ni Mang Juan run on Philippine television on all major networks nationwide. Television

Awards

References

External links
 mikeybustosvideos.com

www.antscanada.com

1981 births
Living people
Canadian musicians of Filipino descent
Canadian expatriates in the Philippines
Canadian Idol participants
Canadian radio personalities
Canadian YouTubers
Filipino YouTubers
Sparkle GMA Artist Center
LGBT singers from Canada
LGBT musicians from the Philippines
LGBT YouTubers
Bisexual men
LGBT people from the Philippines
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Pestano Bustos
Bustos
Bustos
Mikey Bustos
Bustos
Bustos
Bustos
Bustos
Bustos
Mikey
Mikey
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title: Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri

texts:
<mask> () (1889–2001) was a Sufi saint, author, scholar of Hadith and Quran, and Muslim missionary in Bangladesh. He was influenced by Ala Imam <mask> and his Ahle Sunnat Barelvi mission He was also a poet of Urdu ghazals, nazm, hamd and naat, his pseudo name being Fani. As a Sufi master he was initiated in Qadiriyya, Chishti, Naqshbandi, Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya, Shadhili, Uwaisi, Qalandariyya, Saberiyya and Nizamiyya orders. His teachings stated that Islam was a unified whole of Shariat, Tariqat, Haqiqat and Marefat, and was incomplete without any one of these. He refused to depend on charity, and lived in Bangladesh almost incognito. Parental lineage

<mask>i's devotees state that his maternal lineage goes back to Caliph Abu Bakr, the first political successor of Islam, and his paternal lineage to Ali, the fourth political successor (caliph) of Islam. His grandfather had settled first in Noakhali, Bangladesh and then in Rangpur.Encounter with fakir

Just forty days after his birth, a Fakir came to their house in  and told his father that he had come under orders from Mohiuddin Abdul Qader Jilani to take the child. His father felt some kind of hesitation, but his mother, immediately agreed to the proposal and handed over the new born baby to the Fakir. The Fakir returned him after a year or so. Education

His mother was his first teacher and instrumental in his religious education. When he was eighteen, he came to Kolkata with his maternal uncle and Murshid Abdul Awal Siddiqui Jaunpuri and stayed at 7 Jannagar Road, Park Circus, Kolkata. He was admitted to the Madrasah Alia, Kolkata and passed his Entrance and later F.A. examinations from this institution which was founded by the British in 1780.He went to Cairo for higher education, and studied tafsir and other Islamic studies  at the University of Al-Azhar. He came back to Kolkata after two years. When he was 35, he made a voyage to California, U.S.A and studied homeopathy in Los Angeles. Family life

When he was 20, he married one of his distant cousins, <mask> Shahnaz Begum who died in 1941 bearing one son and three daughters. None of his children were alive when he migrated to Bangladesh. In the mid-sixties he married Rabeya Khatun, an inhabitant of Ghoshpur of Howrah District, Kolkata. He built a small house in Mirpur Section 12, near Baitus Salam masjid.It was he who laid the foundation of this masjid. In his house, he set up a homeopathy medicine shop and started a practice, soon becoming well known in his neighborhood. Since his second wife Rabeya Khatun was barren and he did not have any children by her, he married Aqia Begum, the  daughter of Mohammad Shamsher Ali, of Genda, Savar in suburban Dhaka. He lived in this village for some time. He had one son and three daughters by his third wife. He adopted Helena Begum in 1965, an orphan, whose parents died of hunger in dire poverty. On 13 August 2001 he married Umme Kulthum Monowara Zerin, daughter of Sheikh Wajed Ali, who hailed from Howrah, Kolkata.They had no children and he died later in the year. Spiritual quest

In his late teens Jaunpuri became a disciple of his maternal uncle <mask> Awal Siddiqui Jaunpuri,a scholar of Islam and Sufism. He later studied with several other religious teachers, including Naim Ata Shah Bokhari, <mask> Uddin Multani, <mask> Nasr Madani, <mask> Mohammad Multani, Abdul Masjud Jabbalpuri, <mask> <mask> Shahjahanpuri. From 1996 onwards he performed Hajj with his disciples and admirers. In Medina they had their ancestral home in the south-west of the Haram Sharif. In late 80s he started to address the Friday congregation at Baitur Rahim mosque as preacher (khatib). Travels and life in solitude

Jaunpuri traveled widely in North India.A book by one of his disciples states that he met 445 spiritual individuals over his travels. He lived for a while inside the Sundarbans forest, seeking solitude. Death
On 2 September 2001 was hospitalized for a pain in his chest. His condition improved briefly before deteriorating again two days later. He was taken to the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (Suhrawardy Hospital) where he died at 11 am on 5 September. According to his disciples, he was nearly 113 years old when he died. Tomb

Jaunpuri was buried in a graveyard adjacent to the Baitur Rahim masjid in Dhaka.Later, the  tall minaret of the mosque was built over his grave. Works
Jaunpuri was the author of four books on topics such as Islam, Sufism, religion, and Islamic philosophy. M Harunur <mask>, who was a devotee of Jaunpuri, wrote a number of works based on his philosophy and vision. As Author
 Sattyer Prokash (Revelation of truth), Published by Retd. Lt. Colonel Khandaker Ataur Rahman. Dhaka.1994
 Istafsar wa Jawaab (A Book of Catechism), Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 1997
 Quran, Hadith O Suiftatter Bhumika (Introduction to Quran, Hadith and Sufism). Syed Rashid Ahmed Mission Foundation. Dhaka. 2005. Tariq Al-Haq (The Way of Truth), Syed Rashid Ahmed Mission Foundation.Dhaka. 2006. Works about <mask> <mask>i
 Vruner Ma Manusher Allah Ebang Annanya Sanglap (Foetus's Mother, Man's Allah and Other Dialogues: A book of dialogues illustrating the Philosophy of Hazrat <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 1996
 Niruddesh Nadi Antaheen Sagar O Annanya Sanglap (The Lost River, The Boundless Sea and Other Dialogues: A Book of dialogues illustrating the Philosophy of Hazrat <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books.Dhaka. 1997
 Ichchaheen Ghare Ichchar Bashabash Ebang Annanya Sanglap (Desire in a Desireless Abode and Other Dialogues: A Book of dialogues illustrating the Philosophy of Hazrat <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 1997
 Ma'Arefus Sunan by Maulana Muhammad Fazle Rab. <mask> <mask> Islami Academy. Dhaka.1997. Beduiner Lal Ut Ebang Annanya Sanglap (Bedouin's Red Camel and Other Dialogues: A Book of dialogues illustrating the Philosophy of Hazrat <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 1997
 Jiboner Gandi, Mrityur Thikana Ebang  Annanya Sanglap (The Bounds of Life, Death's Destination and Other Dialogues: A Book of dialogues illustrating the Philosophy of Hazrat <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka.1999
 <mask> <mask> (RA) er Dharmadarshaner Bhumika (A Preface to the Religious Philosophy of <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 2004
 Dialogue on Islam: <mask> <mask>i on The Form and Spirit of Islam by M. Harunur <mask>. Lamisa Books. Dhaka. 1999.Swapner Moroke Ichchar Basabas (Poems dedicated to <mask> <mask>i) by M. Harunur <mask>. Anupam Prakashani. Dhaka. 2002. <mask> <mask>i (ra) Smarak Grantha (Memorial Volume) Edited by M. Harunur <mask>. Pathak Shamabesh. Dhaka.2013. <mask> <mask>i (ra) Sufi Tatta Bodhini Kathammrito Sagar (Lectures on Applied Sufi Lessons) by M. Harunur <mask>. Shamabesh. Dhaka. 2015

References

External links
 Recording from Friday Sermon (YouTube)
 Friday Lessons at Mirpur Baitur Rahim Noorani Mosque (YouTube) Part 1 Part 2
 Friday Sermon (YouTube)

Bangladeshi Sufis
Barelvis
People from Jaunpur district
Indian Sufi religious leaders
Sufism in Bangladesh
Sunni Sufis
1889 births
2001 deaths
Bangladeshi Sufi religious leaders

masks:
Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri
Ahmed Raza Khan Qri
Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaupur
Syeda
Syed Abdul
Syed Umar
Syed Abu
Syed Noor
Shah Syed
Sultan Ahmed
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jpur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jpur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jpur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaunpuri
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid
Syed Rashid
Ahmed Jaupur
Rashid