title: George Thorogood

texts:
<mask> (born February 24, 1950) is an American musician, singer and songwriter from Wilmington, Delaware. His "high-energy boogie-blues" sound became a staple of 1980s rock radio, with hits like his original songs "Bad to the Bone" and "I Drink Alone". He has also helped to popularize older songs by American icons, such as "Move It on Over", "Who Do You Love? ", and "House Rent Blues/One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer". With his band, the Delaware Destroyers, Thorogood has released over 20 albums, of which two have been certified Platinum and six have been certified Gold. He has sold 15 million albums worldwide. <mask> and band continue to tour extensively, and in 2014 the band celebrated their 40th anniversary of performing.Music career
<mask> began his career as a solo acoustic performer in the style of Robert Johnson and Elmore James after being inspired in 1970 by a John P. Hammond concert. In 1973, he formed a band, the Delaware Destroyers, with high school friend and drummer Jeff Simon. With additional players, the Delaware Destroyers developed its sound, a mixture of Chicago blues and rock and roll. The band's first shows were in the Rathskeller bar at the University of Delaware and at Deer Park Tavern, both in Newark, Delaware. Eventually, the band's name was shortened to the Destroyers. During this time, <mask> supplemented his income by working as a roadie for Hound Dog Taylor. <mask>'s demo Better Than the Rest was recorded in 1974, but was not released until 1979.His major recording debut came with the album <mask>od and the Destroyers, which was released in 1977. In 1978, <mask> released his next album with the Destroyers titled Move It on Over, which included a remake of Hank Williams' "Move It on Over". He followed those recordings in 1979 with "Please Set a Date" and a reworking of the Bo Diddley song "Who Do You Love", both released in 1979. The band's early success contributed to the rise of folk label Rounder Records. During the late 1970s, <mask> and his band were based in Boston. He was friends with Jimmy Thackery of the Washington, D.C.-based blues band, The Nighthawks. While touring in the 1970s, the Destroyers and the Nighthawks were playing shows in Georgetown at venues across the street from each other.The Destroyers were engaged at the Cellar Door and the Nighthawks at Desperados. At midnight, while both bands played Elmore James' "Madison Blues" in the same key, <mask> and Thackery left their clubs, met in the middle of M Street, exchanged guitar patch cords and went on to play with the opposite band in the other club. The connection with the Nighthawks was extended further when Nighthawks bass player Jan Zukowski supported <mask>'s set with Bo Diddley and Albert Collins at the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, PA, on July 13, 1985. <mask> gained his first mainstream exposure as a support act for the Rolling Stones during their 1981 U.S. tour. He was also the featured musical guest on Saturday Night Live (Season 8, Episode 2) on the October 2, 1982, broadcast. During this time, <mask> and the Destroyers became known for their rigorous touring schedule, including the "50/50" tour in 1981, on which the band toured all 50 US states in 50 days. After two shows in Boulder, Colorado, <mask> and his band flew to Hawaii for one show and then performed a show in Alaska the following night.The next day, <mask> and his band met his roadies in Washington and continued the one-show-per-state tour. In addition, he played Washington, D.C. on the same day that he performed a show in Maryland, thereby playing 51 shows in 50 days. With his contract with Rounder Records expiring, <mask> signed with EMI America Records and, in 1982, released the single "Bad to the Bone" and an album of the same name that went gold. The song became the band's most well-known song through appearances on MTV and use in films, television and commercials. <mask> and his band went on to have two more gold studio albums in the 1980s, Maverick and Born to Be Bad. The former features <mask>'s only Billboard Hot 100 hit, a remake of Johnny Otis's "Willie and the Hand Jive", and his concert staple "I Drink Alone". <mask>'s popularity waned in the 1990s, although he had a No.2 hit on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart in 1992 with "Get a Haircut". In 2012, <mask> was named one of the "50 Most Influential Delawareans of the Past 50 Years". He released his first proper solo album in 2017 titled Party of One. On March 14, 2020, <mask> was inducted into the Mississippi Music Project Hall of Fame in Biloxi, Mississippi and was awarded the MMP Music Award for his lifelong commitment to the music industry. He took his daughter to Chicago for her first major league game (Cubs vs. Rockies), during which he sang "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". In a 2011 Guitar World interview, he stated "I'm a Mets fan. There aren't many of us but you know, that's me."References

External links

<mask> and the Destroyers official website
Review: The Hard Stuff

1950 births
Living people
Lead guitarists
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues harmonica players
American blues singers
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Slide guitarists
Blues rock musicians
University of Delaware alumni
Semi-professional baseball players
EMI Records artists
Rounder Records artists
MCA Records artists
Attic Records (Canada) artists
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Singers from Delaware
Guitarists from Delaware
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers

masks:
George Lawrence Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
George Thorogo
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
George Thorogood


title: Jin Yong

type: original

texts:
Louis Cha Leung-yung  (; 10 March 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name <mask> (), pronounced "Gum Yoong" in Cantonese, was a Chinese wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") novelist and essayist who co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959 and served as its first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong's most famous writer, and is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the "Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia". His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works written between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide (not including an unknown number of pirated copies). According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, <mask>'s novels are considered to be of very high quality and are able to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability to transcend geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving a greater success than any other contemporary Hong Kong writer.His works have been translated into many languages including English, French, Catalan, Spanish, Korean, Japanese, Cambodian, Vietnamese, Thai, Burmese, Malay and Indonesian. He has many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result of the numerous adaptations of his works into films, television series, comics and video games. The asteroid 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named after him. Early life
Cha was born Zha Liangyong in Haining, Zhejiang in Republican China, the second of seven children. He hailed from the scholarly Zha clan of Haining (), whose members included notable literati of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties such as Zha Jizuo (1601–1676), Zha Shenxing (查慎行; 1650–1727) and Zha Siting (查嗣庭; died 1727). His grandfather, Zha Wenqing (), obtained the position of a tong jinshi chushen (third class graduate) in the imperial examination during the Qing dynasty. His father, Zha Shuqing (), was arrested and executed by the Communist government for allegedly being a counterrevolutionary during the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries in the early 1950s.Zha Shuqing was later posthumously declared innocent in the 1980s. Cha was an avid reader of literature from an early age, especially wuxia and classical fiction. He was once expelled from his high school for openly criticising the Nationalist government as autocratic. He studied at Jiaxing No. 1 Middle School in 1937 but was expelled in 1941. He continued his high school education at Quzhou No. 1 Secondary School and graduated in 1943.Education
Cha was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages at the Central University of Political Affairs in Chongqing. Cha later dropped out of the school. He took the entrance exam and gained admission to the Faculty of Law at Soochow University, where he majored in international law with the intention of pursuing a career in the foreign service. In 2005, Cha applied at Cambridge University for a doctorate in Asian Studies, which he obtained in 2010. In 2009, Cha applied for another doctorate in Chinese literature at Peking University, which he earned in 2013. Career
Cha was a journalist. When Cha was transferred to New Evening Post (of British Hong Kong) as Deputy Editor, he met Chen Wentong, who wrote his first wuxia novel under the pseudonym "Liang Yusheng" in 1953.Chen and Cha became good friends and it was under the former's influence that Cha began work on his first serialised martial arts novel, The Book and the Sword, in 1955. In 1957, while still working on wuxia serialisations, he quit his previous job and worked as a scenarist-director and scriptwriter at Great Wall Movie Enterprises Ltd and Phoenix Film Company. In 1959, Cha co-founded the Hong Kong newspaper Ming Pao with his high school classmate Shen Baoxin (). Cha served as its editor-in-chief for years, writing both serialised novels and editorials, amounting to some 10,000 Chinese characters per day. His novels also earned him a large readership. Cha completed his last wuxia novel in 1972, after which he officially retired from writing novels, and spent the remaining years of that decade editing and revising his literary works instead. The first complete definitive edition of his works appeared in 1979.In 1980, Cha wrote a postscript to Wu Gongzao's taiji classic Wu Jia Taijiquan, where he described influences from as far back as Laozi and Zhuangzi on contemporary Chinese martial arts. By then, Cha's wuxia novels had gained great popularity in Chinese-speaking areas. All of his novels have since been adapted into films, TV shows and radio dramas in Hong Kong, Taiwan and China. The important characters in his novels are so well known to the public that they can be alluded to with ease between all three regions. In the late 1970s, Cha was involved in Hong Kong politics. After Deng Xiaoping, a Jin Yong fan, came to power and initiated the reform and opening-up process, Cha became the first non-Communist Hong Konger to meet with Deng. He was a member of the Hong Kong Basic Law drafting committee but resigned in protest after the Tiananmen Square incident in 1989.He was also part of the Preparatory Committee set up in 1996 by the Chinese government to monitor the 1997 transfer of sovereignty. In 1993, Cha prepared for retirement from editorial work and sold all his shares in Ming Pao. Personal life
Cha's parents were Zha Shuqing () and Xu Lu (). He had four brothers and two sisters, and was the second oldest among the seven of them. His brothers were Zha Liangjian (; 1916–1988), Zha Lianghao (; b. 1934), Zha Liangdong (;  1930s) and Zha Liangyu (; b. 1936).His sisters were Zha Liangxiu (; b. 1926) and Zha Liangxuan (; 1928–2002). Cha married three times. His first wife was Du Zhifen (), whom he married in 1948 but divorced later. In 1953, he married his second wife, Zhu Mei (), a newspaper journalist. They had two sons and two daughters: Zha Chuanxia (), Zha Chuanti (), Zha Chuanshi () and Zha Chuanne (). Cha divorced Zhu in 1976 and married his third wife, Lin Leyi (; b.1953), who was 29 years his junior and 16 years old when they first met. In 1976, his son Zha Chuanxia, then 19 years old, committed suicide after a quarrel with his girlfriend while studying at Columbia University. Death
On 30 October 2018, Cha died after a long illness at the Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital in Happy Valley, Hong Kong, aged 94. His funeral service was held privately at Hong Kong Funeral Home in Quarry Bay in 13 November 2018 with his family and friends, with well known figures including writers Ni Kuang, Chua Lam, Chip Tsao, Benny Lee, producer Zhang Jizhong, actor Huang Xiaoming, former President of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Poon Chung-kwong, image designer Tina Liu, politicians Tung Chee-hwa and Edward Leong, and founder of Alibaba Group Jack Ma among them in attendance. At noon, his coffin was moved to Po Lin Monastery at Ngong Ping, Lantau Island, where he was cremated and his ashes was interred at the Hoi Wui Tower’s columbarium. Decorations and conferments

In addition to his wuxia novels, Cha also wrote many non-fiction works on Chinese history. For his achievements, he received many honours.Cha was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) by the British government in 1981. He was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (1992) and a Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (2004) by the French government. Cha was also an honorary professor at Peking University, Zhejiang University, Nankai University, Soochow University, Huaqiao University, National Tsing Hua University, Hong Kong University (Department of Chinese Studies), the University of British Columbia, and Sichuan University. Cha was an honorary doctor at National Chengchi University, Hong Kong University (Department of Social Science), Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Open University of Hong Kong, the University of British Columbia, Soka University and the University of Cambridge. He was also an honorary fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford and Robinson College, Cambridge, and a Waynflete Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. When receiving his honorary doctorate at the University of Cambridge in 2004, Cha expressed his wish to be a full-time student at Cambridge for four years to attain a non-honorary doctorate. In July 2010, Cha earned his Doctor of Philosophy in oriental studies (Chinese history) at St John's College, Cambridge with a thesis on imperial succession in the early Tang dynasty.Works
Cha wrote a total of 16 fictional works, of which one is an only non-Wuxia short story (Yue Yun),   2 novellas (White Horse Neighs in the Western Wind and Blade-dance of the Two Lovers), a standalone novel (Ode to Gallantry), and 11 interconnected novels of varying lengths, and a wuxia short story ("Sword of the Yue Maiden"),  Most of his novels were first published in daily instalments in newspapers, then later in 3 authorised book editions each with various changes to the plots and the characters. The works are:

Connections between the Works
Aqing, the protagonist of the novelette, The "Sword of the Yue Maiden" is the ancestor of Han Xiaoying from The Legend of the Condor Heroes. Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils is a prequel story to the Condor Trilogy as the Northern Beggar of the Five Greats, Hong Qigong succeeds Qiao Feng as the new chief of the Beggars' Sect in The Legend of the Condor Heroes and Duan Yu is the fictional ancestor of the historical character Duan Zhixing who later becomes the Reverend Yideng, another member of the Five Greats in The Legend of the Condor Heroes. 'The Legend of the Condor Heroes, The Return of the Condor Heroes and The Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre make up the Condor Trilogy (considered by many to be Cha's magnum opus) and should be read in that order. Dugu Qiubai's Heavy Iron Sword is used by Yang Guo and broken down to create The Heaven Sword and Dragon Sabre. Guo Xiang inherits the Heaven Sword and passes it to her disciples of the Emei Sect. Linghu Chong from 'The Smiling, Proud Wanderer learns Dugu Qiubai's Nine Swords of Dugu from Feng Qingyang, a reclusive Mount Hua Sect swordsman.Some characters and sects from The Smiling, Proud Wanderer are mentioned in Sword Stained with Royal Blood. In a very brief inner monologue in 'The Deer and the Cauldron, Chengguan, a knowledgeable but naïve Shaolin monk ponders about two great swordsmen in the past who performed swordplay without following any defined stances: Dugu Qiubai and Linghu Chong. A few major characters from Sword Stained with Royal Blood also appear in Cha's final novel The Deer and the Cauldron as minor characters. Wu Liuqi, a historical character from The Deer and the Cauldron, is mentioned in the third edition of A Deadly Secret. Tian Guinong in The Young Flying Fox is the fictional descendant of one of the four bodyguards of Li Zicheng, who appears in the Sword Stained with Royal Blood and The Deer and the Cauldron. Numerous characters from The Book and the Sword appear in The Young Flying Fox. The novella Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain and its prequel novel The Young Flying Fox are companion works with the same protagonist.Together, the characters' count of the novels and the novelette is 8088000. Of the novels, all novels except Ode to Gallantry are connected to each other either weakly or strongly. Couplet
After Cha completed all his works, it was discovered that the first characters of the first 14 titles can be joined together to form a couplet with 7 characters on each line:

Traditional Chinese

Simplified Chinese

Loose translation
Shooting a white deer, snow flutters around the skies;
Smiling, [one] writes

masks:
Jin Yong
Jin Yong


title: Jin Yong

texts:
 about the divine chivalrous one,
leaning against bluish lovebirds (or lover)

Cha stated that he had never intended to create the couplet. The couplet serves primarily as a handy mnemonic to remember all of Cha's works for his fans. "Sword of the Yue Maiden" was left out because it would be an odd number, thus the couplet would not be complete, also because the "Sword of the Yue Maiden" was so short it was not even considered a book. Editions

Most of Cha's works were initially published in instalments in Hong Kong newspapers, most often in Ming Pao. The Return of the Condor Heroes was his first novel serialised in Ming Pao, launched on 20 May 1959.Between 1970 and 1980, Cha revised all of his works. The revised works of his stories are known as the "New Edition" (新版), also known as "Revised Edition" (修訂版), in contrast with the "Old Edition" (舊版), which refers to the original, serialised versions. Some characters and events were written out completely, most notably mystical elements and 'unnecessary' characters, such as the "Blood Red Bird" (小紅鳥) and "Qin Nanqin" (秦南琴), the mother of Yang Guo in the first edition. In Taiwan, the situation is more complicated, as Cha's books were initially banned. As a result, there were multiple editions published underground, some of which were revised beyond recognition. Only in 1979 was Cha's complete collection published by Taiwan's Yuenching Publishing House (遠景出版社). In China, the Wulin (武林) magazine in Guangzhou was the first to officially publish Cha's works, starting from 1980.Cha's complete collection in Simplified Chinese was published by Beijing's SDX Joint Publishing in 1994. Meanwhile, Mingheshe Singapore-Malaysia (明河社星马分公司) published his collection, in Simplified Chinese for Southeast Asian readers in 1995. From 1999 to 2006, Cha revised his novels for the second and last time. Each of his works was carefully revised, re-edited and re-issued in the order in which he wrote them. This revision was completed in spring 2006, with the publication of the last novel, The Deer and the Cauldron. The newer revised edition, known variably as the "New Century Edition" (世紀新修版), "New Revised Edition" (新修版) and "New New Edition" (新新版), is noted for its annotations where Cha answers previous criticisms directed at the historical accuracy of his works. In the newer revision, certain characters' personae were changed, such as Wang Yuyan, and many martial art skills and places have their names changed.This edition faced a number of criticisms from Cha's fans, some of whom prefer the older storyline and names. The older 1970–80 "New Edition" (新版) is no longer issued by Cha's publisher Mingheshe (明河社). In mainland China, it is re-issued as "Langsheng, Old Edition" (朗声旧版) in simplified Chinese characters format. Patriotism, jianghu and development of heroism

Chinese nationalism or patriotism is a strong theme in Cha's works. In most of his works, Cha places emphasis on the idea of self-determination and identity, and many of his novels are set in time periods when China was occupied or under the threat of occupation by non-Han Chinese peoples such as the Khitans, Jurchens, Mongols and Manchus. However, Cha gradually evolved his Chinese nationalism into an inclusionist concept which encompasses all present-day non-Han Chinese minorities. Cha expresses a fierce admiration for positive traits of non-Han Chinese people personally, such as the Mongols and Manchus.In The Legend of the Condor Heroes, for example, he casts Genghis Khan and his sons as capable and intelligent military leaders against the corrupt and ineffective bureaucrats of the Han Chinese-led Song dynasty. Cha's references range from traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, martial arts, music, calligraphy, weiqi, tea culture, philosophical schools of thought such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism and imperial Chinese history. Historical figures often intermingle with fictional ones, making it difficult for the layperson to distinguish which are real. His works show a great amount of respect and approval for traditional Chinese values, especially Confucian ideals such as the proper relationship between ruler and subject, parent and child, elder sibling and younger sibling, and (particularly strongly, due to the wuxia nature of his novels), between master and apprentice, and among fellow apprentices. However, he also questions the validity of these values in the face of a modern society, such as ostracism experienced by his two main characters – Yang Guo's romantic relationship with his teacher Xiaolongnü in The Return of the Condor Heroes. Cha also places a great amount of emphasis on traditional values such as face and honour. In all but his 14th work, The Deer and the Cauldron, the protagonists or heroes are explored meticulously through their relationships with their teachers, their immediate kin and relatives, and with their suitors or spouses.In each, the heroes have attained the zenith in martial arts and most would be the epitome or embodiment of the traditional Chinese values in words or deeds, i.e. virtuous, honourable, respectable, gentlemanly, responsible, patriotic, and so forth. In The Deer and the Cauldron, Cha departed from his usual writing style, creating in its main protagonist Wei Xiaobao an antihero who is greedy, lazy, and utterly disdainful of traditional rules of propriety. Cha intentionally created an anticlimax and an antihero possessing none of the desirable traditional values and no knowledge of any form of martial arts, and dependent upon a protective vest made of alloy to absorb full-frontal attack when in trouble and a dagger that can cut through anything. Wei is a street urchin and womanising weasel, with no admirable qualities whatsoever. The fiction writer Ni Kuang wrote a connected critique of all of Cha's works and concluded that Cha concluded his work with The Deer and the Cauldron as a satire to his earlier work and to restore a balanced perspective in readers. Criticisms
The study of Cha's works has spun off a specific area of study and discussion: Jinology.For years, readers and critics have written works discussing, debating and analysing his fictional world of martial arts; among the most famous are those by Cha's close friend and science fiction novelist, Ni Kuang. Ni is a fan of Cha, and has written a series of criticisms analysing the various personalities and aspects of his books called I Read Jin Yong's Novels (我看金庸小說). Despite Cha's popularity, some of his novels were banned outside of Hong Kong due to political reasons. A number of them were outlawed in the People's Republic of China in the 1970s as they were thought to be satires of Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution; others were banned in Taiwan as they were thought to be in support of the Communist Party of China. None of these bans are currently in force, and Cha's complete collection has been published multiple times in Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many politicians on both sides of the Straits are known to be readers of his works; Deng Xiaoping, for example, was a well-known reader himself. In late 2004, the People's Education Publishing House (人民教育出版社) of the People's Republic of China sparked controversy by including an excerpt from Demi-Gods and Semi-Devils in a new senior high school Chinese textbook.While some praised the inclusion of popular literature, others feared that the violence and unrealistic martial arts described in Cha's works were unsuitable for high school students. At about the same time, Singapore's Ministry of Education announced a similar move for Chinese-learning students at secondary and junior college levels. Timeline
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Era!!Dynasty! !Novel
|-
|5th century BC || Eastern Zhou(Late Spring and Autumn period) || 01. The Sword of the Yue Maiden (越女劍)
|-
|11th century || Northern Song || 02. Demigods and Semi-Devils (天龍八部)
|-
|13th century || Southern Song || 03. The Legend of the Condor Heroes(射鵰英雄傳) 04.The Return of the Condor Heroes (神鵰俠侶)
|-
|14th century || Late Yuan || 05. The Heaven Sword and the Dragon Sabre (倚天屠龍記)
|-
|16th century || Ming || Ode to Gallantry(俠客行) 06. The Smiling, Proud Wanderer (笑傲江湖)
|-
|17th century || Late Ming || 07. The Sword Stained With Royal Blood (碧血劍)
|-
|17th century || Qing || 08. The Deer and the Cauldron(鹿鼎記) 09. A Deadly Secret(連城訣)
|-
|18th century || Qing || Blade-dance of the Two Lovers(鴛鴦刀)White Horse Neighs in the Western Wind (白馬嘯西風) 10. The Book and the Sword(書劍恩仇錄) 11.The Young Flying Fox(飛狐外傳) 12. Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain (雪山飛狐)
|-
|1930s || The Republic of China || Yue Yun (Moon Cloud) (月雲)
|}

Translations

Official English translations currently available include:
A Hero Born (Legends of the Condor Heroes #1) - is the first volume of the 4-volume novel, translated by Anna Holmwood, published by MacLehose Press.) A Bond Undone (Legends of the Condor Heroes #2) - translated by Gigi Chang, continues Holmwood's translation, published by Quercus Publishing. A Snake Lies Waiting (Legends of the Condor Heroes #3) - translated by Gigi Chang and Anna Holmwood,, published by Quercus Publishing. A Heart Divided (Legends of the Condor Heroes #4) - translated by Gigi Chang and Shelly Bryant published by Quercus Publishing. The Book and the Sword – published by Oxford University Press, translated by Graham Earnshaw, edited by John Minford and Rachel May. The Deer and the Cauldron (abridged in three volumes) – published by Oxford University Press, translated by John Minford.Fox Volant of the Snowy Mountain – published by Chinese University Press, translated by Olivia Mok. Other works available in English include:
The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber – in comic book form by Ma Wing-shing, published by ComicsOne
The Legendary Couple – in comic book form by Tony Wong, published by ComicsOne
The Return of the Condor Heroes – in comic book form by Wee Tian Beng, published by Asiapac Books
Laughing in the Wind – DVD collection of the 2001 CCTV series with English subtitles released in the United States. Adaptations

There are over 90 films and TV shows adapted from Cha's wuxia novels, including King Hu's The Swordsman (1990) and its sequel Swordsman II (1992), <mask>'s 1992 films Royal Tramp and Royal Tramp II, and Wong Kar-wai's Ashes of Time (1994). Dozens of role-playing video games are based on Cha's novels, a notable example of which is Heroes of <mask> Yong, which was based on the major characters and events in Cha's novels. As film director
<mask> co-directed 2 films produced by Hong Kong's Great Wall Movie Enterprises. In both films he is credited as <mask>-yong, his official name in Hong Kong. See also
 Gu Long
 Liang Yusheng
 Woon Swee Oan

References

Further reading
Stateless Subjects: Chinese Martial Arts Literature and Postcolonial History, Chapters 3 and 4.Petrus Liu. (Cornell University, 2011). External links

 <mask> Teahouse (金庸茶館) – fansite of <mask>'s novels in Chinese
 <mask> Jianghu (金庸江湖) – fansite, forums and complete works of <mask>'s novels

 <mask> in the Encyclopaedia of Science Fiction

1924 births
2018 deaths
Chinese historical novelists
Hong Kong novelists
C
Hangzhou High School alumni
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Wuxia writers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Hong Kong newspaper people
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Writers from Jiaxing
Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee members
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee members
Chinese male novelists
Chinese essayists
People from Haining
Film directors from Zhejiang
Chinese film directors
Hong Kong film directors
Newspaper founders
Politicians from Jiaxing
Chinese emigrants to British Hong

masks:
Wong Jing
Jin
Jin Yong
Cha Jing
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong


title: Tom Watkins (music manager)

texts:
<mask> (21 September 1949 – 24 February 2020) was an English pop impresario, music manager, songwriter, producer, designer and fine art collector. With a background in art and design, <mask> set up the XL Design agency in the early 1980s and was responsible for designing record sleeves and music graphics of the period. <mask> moved into music management by the mid-1980s and managed Pet Shop Boys, Bros and East 17 among others. <mask> has been described by Neil Tennant as "a big man with a loud voice" and by David Munns as "an unstoppable creative powerhouse." Early life
<mask> was born <mask> on 21 September 1949 at St. Alfege's Hospital, Greenwich, London, the son of Patricia Daphne Diett and <mask>. He lived in Blackheath, London and was educated at Invicta Road School, Sherrington Road School and Raine's Foundation School in Tower Hamlets, London. <mask> later attended Sir John Cass School of Art, Architecture and Design and went on to study art and design at London College of Furniture, London Metropolitan University.Early career
In the early 1970s after graduating from the London College of Furniture, <mask> worked as a designer for Terence Conran and Rodney Fitch as part of the team that designed Heathrow Terminal 3 and the London Stock Exchange. In 1981, <mask> and business partner Royston Edwards set up the graphics design company XL Design with an office in Welbeck Street, London, initially designing music graphics and marketing campaigns, then later record sleeves. In 1982, XL designed the record sleeve for Wham! 's debut single "Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)" and David Smart joined the company as co-partner. When the British record label ZTT became clients in 1983, XL designed record sleeves for Art of Noise and for "Relax", the 1983 debut single of Frankie Goes to Hollywood. XL designed many of the Frankie Goes to Hollywood ads, promo posters and graphics including the record sleeves for their next three singles "Two Tribes", "The Power of Love" (both 1984) and "Welcome to the Pleasuredome" (1985).In 1984, XL designed the sleeve for their debut album Welcome to the Pleasuredome. In 1983, Trevor Horn and Jill Sinclair of ZTT Records commissioned <mask> to design the interior of their new recording studios, Sarm Studios in Notting Hill. The XL Design agency was responsible for creating iconic logos, music advertising graphics and record sleeve art of the 1980s including those of Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), Art of Noise, Wham!, Kim Wilde, Nik Kershaw, Duran Duran and the Pet Shop Boys. Music management
In 1984, <mask> moved his XL Design agency to larger offices in Poland Street, Soho and set up a new company, Massive Management, developing a parallel career in music management. Mark Farrow joined Watkins' XL Design agency in 1985. <mask> felt the minimal aesthetics of his designs would be perfect for the Pet Shop Boys. In 1986, <mask>, Farrow and business partner Mick Newton set up a new design agency, Three Associates.The Three Associates agency were responsible for creating record sleeve art throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s for artists including Pet Shop Boys, Bros, Liza Minnelli and Kim Wilde. <mask> went on to manage Pet Shop Boys (1984 to 1989), Bros (1986 to 1990), East 17 (1992 to 1997), Electribe 101 (1989 to 1990), Faith Hope & Charity (1990), 2wo Third3 (1994 to 1995) and Deuce (1994 to 1996). <mask> was also a songwriter and music producer. In collaboration with Nicky Graham, <mask> wrote all the tracks on the debut Bros album Push including the hit singles from the album; "When Will I Be Famous", "Drop the Boy" and "I Owe You Nothing" which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in June 1988. In 1999, Channel 4 produced Mr Rock & Roll, a four-part documentary series "looking at the lives and the careers of the most powerful, most outrageous and most astute managers in the history of Rock and Roll". The series featured the stories of <mask>, Colonel <mask>, Don Arden and Peter Grant. Pet Shop Boys
In late 1984, the Pet Shop Boys hired <mask> as their manager signing to his management company, Massive Management.In March 1985, <mask> signed them to EMI subsidiary Parlophone. Under <mask>' management, the Pet Shop Boys released twelve singles achieving four number ones on the UK Singles Chart; "West End Girls" (1985), "It's a Sin" (1987), "Always on My Mind" (1987) and "Heart" (1988), and three studio albums. The debut, Please, was released in April 1986 and peaked at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart and certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The second album Actually was released in September 1987 and peaked at number 2 in the UK and certified triple platinum by the BPI. In October 1988, their third album Introspective peaked at number 2 in the UK and was certified double platinum. Also, in November 1986 a remix album, Disco was released peaking at number 15 in the UK and certified platinum. Bros
In 1986, Matt and Luke Goss and Craig Logan (Bros) signed to <mask>' management company, Massive Management.<mask> signed the band to CBS. Their first single, "I Owe You Nothing" was released in September 1987 and peaked at number 80 in the UK. Their next two singles, "When Will I Be Famous" (November 1987) and "Drop the Boy" (March 1988) both peaked at number 2. The re-release of "I Owe You Nothing" in June 1988 reached number one. Bros' debut album Push was released in March 1988 and peaked at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified quadruple platinum status by the BPI. Their second album, The Time was released in October 1989 and peaked at number 4. Bros toured the UK on their ‘Big Push Tour’ in June/July 1988 and Europe and Australia on their ‘Global Push Tour’ late 1988 to early 1989.In February 1989, Bros won the Best British Newcomer Award at the Brit Awards and in August 1989 they played Wembley Stadium at their ‘Bros in 2 Summer’ concert. East 17
East 17 signed to Massive Management in April 1992. <mask> signed the band to London Records. Under <mask>' management between 1992 and 1997, East 17 released 16 singles; 11 of which entered the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart. "Stay Another Day" was released in December 1994 and became the group's only number one remaining at the top for 5 weeks. East 17 released their debut album, Walthamstow in February 1993. The album reached number one and was certified platinum by the BPI.Their second album, Steam (October 1994) reached number 3 and was certified double platinum by the BPI and the third album Up All Night (November 1995) reached number 7 and was certified platinum. Around the World Hit Singles: The Journey So Far was the group's first greatest hits compilation album, released in November 1996 and was certified double platinum. <mask> was a fine art collector, specialising in works from the Memphis Group which was an influential Italian design and architecture movement of the 1980s. In 2001, <mask> loaned much of his Memphis collection to the Design Museum, London for their Memphis Remembered exhibition held to mark the 20th anniversary of the debut of the Memphis movement. An admirer of Bauhaus-inspired architecture he designed and built The Big White House in Pett Level, East Sussex in 2004, which was featured in the Channel 4 Grand Designs television series. In 2006 <mask> received the Sussex Heritage Trust Award for The Big White House project. Author
Published in July 2016, <mask> co-wrote with Matthew Lindsay his autobiography titled Let's Make Lots of Money: Secrets of a Rich, Fat, Gay, Lucky Bastard.In December 2016, the book was longlisted for the Penderyn Music Book Prize and in July 2017 the book was released in paperback under the title Let's Make Lots of Money: My Life as the Biggest Man in Pop. <mask> suffered from poor health in his later years. He had diabetes and in 2013, had a liver transplant. He died on 24 February 2020, and his funeral was held on 10 March. References

1949 births
2020 deaths
British music industry executives
English music managers
English songwriters
English record producers
Art collectors from London
Designers from London
Impresarios

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Tom Watkins
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Frederick Joseph Watkins
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title: José Batlle y Ordóñez

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<mask> ( or ; 23 May 1856  in Montevideo, Uruguay – 20 October 1929), nicknamed Don Pepe, was a prominent Uruguayan politician, who served two terms as President of Uruguay for the Colorado Party. He was the son of a former president and was widely praised for his introduction of his political system, Batllism, to South America and for his role in modernizing Uruguay through his creation of extensive welfare state reforms. In 1898, he served as interim president for a few weeks. He was later elected to the presidency for two terms: from 1903 to 1907 and from 1911 to 1915. He remains one of the most popular Uruguayan presidents, in part due to his role as a social reformer. Influenced by Krausist liberalism, he is known for introducing  unemployment compensation, eight-hour workdays, and universal suffrage, as well as free high school education. Early life and background

<mask> was born on May 23, 1856 in Montevideo to <mask> and Amalia Ordoñez.<mask>’s grandfather, <mask> <mask>, had arrived in Montevideo on his own ship with <mask>’s grandmother from Sitjes, a town near Barcelona, and built a flour mill which won a contract to provision the Royal Spanish Navy in Montevideo. <mask>’s grandfather was loyal to the Spanish crown through both the British invasions of the River Plate and the first and second attempts to secure Uruguayan independence from Spain led by <mask> Artigas, and subsequently returned to Spain in 1814, and the rest of the <mask> family followed in 1818. <mask>’s grandmother died in Sitjes in 1823, and his grandfather subsequently returned to Montevideo in 1833 to reopen the flour mill. <mask>’s father Lorenzo had been born in Uruguay in 1810, and returned the Montevideo three years before the rest of the family in 1830, after an extensive education in France and Spain. <mask>’s father quickly joined and became prominent within the Colorados, and was involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, notably personally escorting Fructuoso Rivera to exile in Brazil in 1847. <mask> married <mask>’s mother, the daughter of another Colorado guerrilla, during the Uruguayan Civil War. The <mask> family were  (prominent figures) within the Colorado Party, with five of <mask>’s relatives serving as president.<mask>’s father Lorenzo had served as Minister of War during the Great Siege of Montevideo, and was elected President of Uruguay in 1868 when <mask> was 12 years old. <mask>'s children César, Rafael and Lorenzo were actively engaged in politics, with César and Lorenzo serving in . He was also the uncle of another Uruguayan President, <mask> Berres and the great-uncle of President <mask>, and his uncle-in-law Duncan Stewart served as acting president for three weeks in 1894. After attending an English school in Montevideo, <mask> began studying at the University of the Republic. At university, he became involved in the discussions and debates between the ‘idealists’ and ‘positivists’. Led by Prudencio Váquez <mask>, Batlle was a prominent member of the idealists. Batlle’s political ideology was influenced by the work of philosopher Heinrich Ahrens, whose work was introduced to Batlle by Váquez y Vega.<mask> left university in 1879 without completing his law degree. The following year, in 1880, a 24-year-old <mask> convinced his father to let him study for a year in Paris, where he took a course in English and sat in on philosophy lectures at the Sorbonne and Collège de France before returning home when money ran out. <mask> was a prominent journalist and founded El Día newspaper in 1886. <mask> used his newspaper as a political platform for criticizing his opponents and promoting his reformist agenda. Political career

<mask>’s political career began in 1887, when he was appointed as the  of department of Minas. <mask>’s appointment was short-lived, however, as he resigned six months to seek election to the Chamber of Deputies as a candidate on the Colorado ticket. After a disagreement with then-president Máximo Tajes, however, <mask> lost his spot on the ticket.He was eventually elected in 1891 as a deputy for the department of Salto, and quickly rose to further prominence within the Colorado party. Senate

<mask> was elected as a senator for Montevideo Department in November 1898, and rapidly became President of the Senate of Uruguay. As the President of the Senate was (at the time) the first in line to the presidency, <mask> briefly served as the acting President of Uruguay while Juan Lindolfo Cuestas stepped aside to legitimate his de facto presidency in 1899. At elections in 1900, however, the Colorados performed poorly, and dissident Colorado senators elected Juan Carlos Blanco Fernández as President of the Senate by one vote. <mask> would later briefly regain the position of President of the Senate in February 1903 before becoming President of the Republic. First Presidency (1903–07)

Revolution of 1904

In 1904 <mask>'s government forces successfully ended the intermittent Uruguayan Civil War which had persisted for many years, when the opposing National Party leader Aparicio Saravia was killed at the battle of Masoller. Without their leader, Saravia's followers abandoned their fight, starting a period of relative peace.Social reforms

During <mask> <mask>'s term in office, secularization became a major political issue. Uruguay banned crucifixes in hospitals by 1906, and eliminated references to God and the Gospel in public oaths. Divorce laws were also established during this time. He led Uruguay's delegation to the Second Hague Conference and was noted for his peace proposals there. Much of the time between his two terms <mask> spent travelling in Europe and picking up ideas for new political and social reforms, which he introduced during his second term. Second Presidency (1911–15)
In 1913, influenced by visiting and studying French and Swiss politics between his first and second terms, <mask> proposed a reorganization of the government which would replace the presidency with a nine-member National Council of Administration, similar to the Swiss Federal Council. <mask>’s proposal for a collective leadership body was defeated in 1916 referendum, but he managed to establish a model in which executive powers were split between the Presidency and the National Council of Administration when a variant of his proposal was implemented with the Constitution of 1918.Economy
During <mask>'s second term, he began a new movement, Batllism, which involved concerted state action against foreign economic imperialism. He fought for such things as unemployment compensation (1914), eight-hour workdays (1915), and universal suffrage. As president, <mask> introduced a wide range of reforms in areas such as social security and working conditions. All of this brought a great government involvement into the economy. Private monopolies were turned into government monopolies and tariffs were imposed on foreign products, including machinery and raw material imports. The growth of the meat processing industry stimulated the livestock industry, Uruguay's main source of wealth. Education
Education started a process of great expansion since the mid-to-late 19th century.It became the key to success for the middle class community. The state-approved free high school education and created more high schools through the country. The university was also opened to women, and the enrollment increased throughout the country. Later life

In early 1920 <mask> killed Washington Beltrán Barbat, a National Party deputy, in a formal duel that stemmed from vitriolic editorials published in <mask>'s 'El Día' newspaper and Beltrán's 'El País'. His son Washington Beltrán would become President of Uruguay. He also served twice as Chairman of the National Council of Administration (1921-1923, 1927-1928). After suffering abdominal pain for some time, Battle admitted himself to the Italian Hospital of Montevideo on September 18th 1929 for the first of two planned operations.While <mask> had made somewhat of a recovery a month later (with the second operation planned for another two or three months later), he had suffered some setbacks. Around midday on October 20th, Battle suffered the first of two thromboembolisms, with the second one later that afternoon proving fatal. Legacy

The first implementation of the  system which <mask> had championed, the National Council of Administration, was overthrown in a coup by president Gabriel Terra in 1933 and abolished by the third Constitution of Uruguay in 1934, a little over four years after <mask>’s death. The idea of the  system remained influential, however, and was reintroduced with the 1952 Constitution of Uruguay in the form of the National Council of Government. The National Council of Government fully abolished the presidency, making it closer to <mask>’s desired system, but was itself abolished for a second time and the presidency re-established by the 1967 constitution. A public park and a neighborhood in Montevideo are named after him. There is also a town in Lavalleja Department named after him.See also
 List of political families

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

1856 births
1929 deaths
Burials at the Central Cemetery of Montevideo
Uruguayan duellists
Children of presidents of Uruguay
Colorado Party (Uruguay) politicians
Education and Culture Ministers of Uruguay
People from Montevideo
Presidents of Uruguay
Presidents of the Senate of Uruguay
Uruguayan people of Catalan descent
Uruguayan agnostics
Male feminists
Prime Ministers of Uruguay
Uruguayan feminists

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Batlle
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y Carreó
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title: Tori Sparks

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<mask> (born December 5, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter known for her unconventional lyrics and her blending of folk, rock, and blues influences. She based in Barcelona, Spain, having relocated from Nashville, TN. <mask> has released seven recordings: Tidewaters, Rivers + Roads, Under This Yellow Sun, The Scorpion in the Story, Until Morning/Come Out of the Dark, El Mar, and La Huerta. The intensity of <mask>’s recorded music contrasts with her often humorous approach to her live shows, which usually includes audience interaction. <mask> is also known for her advocation of the DIY (Do-It-Yourself) work ethic. In recent years she has become known for mixing the musical styles of rock, blues, and flamenco. Biography
<mask> was born just outside Chicago.She later moved to Sarasota, FL, and lived there until she graduated from high school at the age of 17. During this time, she started classical training on the piano and cello, both eventually traded in favor of guitar at 13. <mask> became involved in theater and independent film in college. She attended Florida State University on a full academic scholarship, studying theater, music, and business. She graduated in three and a half years. It was during her time at Florida State that <mask>' focus shifted from theater to music. She started playing open mic nights and later started touring as a solo artist.It was during this time that she developed her trademark guitar and vocal style. <mask> moved to Nashville for several years, where she recorded her first four albums, and now lives in Barcelona, Spain. She is endorsed by D'Addario strings. Music career

Tidewaters EP (2004)

At the age of eighteen <mask> recorded her first release, the Tidewaters EP. Different versions of three of the four songs on the EP ("One in a Million," “Red Letter Day," “When I Said") would later appear on <mask>' first full-length album, Rivers + Roads. The EP eventually attracted the attention of a small label based in Nashville, Platinum Plus Universal Records (PPUR). <mask> signed a developmental deal with PPUR in 2003.Rivers + Roads (2005)

While still in college, <mask> recorded her first album, Rivers + Roads, in Nashville. Tony Migliore was the artistic producer on the album, a Juilliard-educated pianist known for his work with Don McClean, KD Lang, and Chet Atkins. The album featured a number of Nashville session musicians, such as Kerry Marx, who has played with Bob Dylan and Johnny Cash. During the post-production of Rivers + Roads, <mask> toured in France and England. Upon returning to the United States, <mask> graduated from FSU and moved to Nashville in January 2005. <mask> was selected as a Unisong International Songwriting Contest Finalist for her politically charged song "The Poster Child" later that year. Soon after the official release of Rivers + Roads, <mask> broke with her record label, Platinum Plus.She started touring heavily in the United States. Radio and video airplay in the U.S., Belgium, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, France, and England resulted. These included Music Choice (on demand), as well as military and commercial reels. One of the eight months was devoted to The Feed Your Soul Guitar Project, a 27-city tour and folk art auction benefiting Oxfam America. The Feed Your Soul Guitar Project and tour attracted attention from The Village Voice, All Music Guide, Collected Sounds, Savannah Morning News, Media Search (Australia), Blues in Britain Magazine (UK), Northeast InTune Magazine, NBC, ABC, FOX and NPR affiliates. <mask>' debut music video, "Rivers + Roads," was screened at the Flint Film Festival 2006, and was selected "Best Pop Video" at the Indie Gathering 2006. Songs from Rivers + Roads were included on compilations such as KSYM-FM Camp Victory Compilation for the Troops (SCOOP KSYM-FM, 2007), MSMF Multiple Sclerosis Music Fest 2006 Compilation CD (Montel Williams MS Foundation, 2006), Canadian Music Week Best Unsigned Artists of 2006 (Tunetank, 2006),.Under This Yellow Sun (2007)

In 2007 <mask> started work on her third release, co-produced and recorded with indie rock veteran David Henry (R.E.M., Ben Folds, Josh Rouse, Cowboy Junkies) as co-producer. The album features guest musicians Steve Bowman (Counting Crows), Aaron Sands (Jars of Clay), Pat Buchanan (Mary Chapin Carpenter, Dixie Chicks) John Deaderick (Patty Griffin, Lucinda Williams), Daniel Dennis (Prime Cut Records), Matthew Burgess (Brandi Carlile, Third Eye Blind), Joe Rathbone (Prime Cut Records) and producer David Henry.,

During the production of the album, <mask> continued to tour in the United States. She once again collaborated with Rivers + Roads director Wayne Hall to create the music video for "Cold War," which was screened at the 2008 Florida Indie Film Jam. Under This Yellow Sun is the first release on Sparks' own record label (Glass Mountain Records) and publishing company (Hand Over Foot Publishing). The album was praised by medias outlets such as Relix, Harp, Maverick, Skope, The Nashville Scene, Popmatters, and many regional newspapers across the country. After breaking the Top 100 on the RIYL Weighted College Charts, the album was licensed by MTV, Lifetime, and the Oxygen Network for use in their 2008–2009 television seasons. A subsequent feature by XM Radio Unsigned prompted Universal Music France to contact Sparks.Universal included the album’s first single “Cold War” on their double-disc compilation Country Vol 2., released internationally in March 2008. The compilation sold 40,000 copies in Europe. The song was later licensed to the 10th season of American crime drama Criminal Minds in 2014. [3]

<mask> was featured on the April 2008 covers of City at Night Magazine and Triangle Live in conjunction with her participation in the Tin Pan South music festival and non-profit fund raiser in Nashville. "Cold War" was selected a Unisong International Songwriting Contest Finalist (2007), and was later included on the Paste Magazine New Music Sampler in June 2008 (Issue # 43). Other artists on the compilation included Elvis Costello, She and Him, and Nada Surf. The song "Caged Bird" from Under This Yellow Sun was selected one of the Top 12 DIY Downloads by Performing Songwriter magazine (2008), and one of the Top 10 Tracks of 2007 by Cashville 411.The Scorpion in the Story (2009)
<mask>' third full-length album, The Scorpion in the Story, was the second album she co-produced with David Henry. Players on the album include Steve Bowman (Counting Crows), Will Kimbrough (Rodney Crowell), Viktor Krauss (Lyle Lovett, Mindy Smith, Allison Krauss), Fats Kaplin (Mark Knopfler, Kevin Welch), and Barry Walsh (Gretchen Peters). The Scorpion in the Story includes a French version of the song "Merry Go-Round," ("Le Manege"), and was released on Glass Mountain Records in June 2009. The video for "Merry Go-Round" was filmed with the participation of the National Carousel Association and the City of Shelby, NC, as well as the Nashville Rollerderby Girls. Scorpion was listed in various "Best-Of" lists for 2010 in the US, the UK, Germany, Sweden, more. Her albums and website were featured in 2010 by the Los Angeles Times tech blog, Americana UK, and others. The album has been praised by Folkwax, Americana UK and many others, and was a Nashville Scene’s Critic’s Pick.In July 2009 <mask> donated proceeds from the song “Leaving Side of Love” in the Campaign to Save Paste, a program launched by the magazine when it was in financial distress, and again to Paste’s Hurricane Relief Fund benefiting Wyclef Jean’s Yele organization. <mask> continued to tour heavily, often playing as many as thirty shows in thirty days on the road. She has played at festivals such as Bele Chere in Asheville, RedGorilla in Austin, Folk Alliance in Memphis, Springing the Blues in Jacksonville, and others. <mask> has appeared on the Woodsongs Old-Time Radio Hour with Rolling Stones pianist Chuck Leavell, NBC Channel 10 in Philadelphia, Lightning 100s Nashville Sunday Night, and other radio and television shows. <mask> was one of the singers considered for the role of Arachne in the Broadway production of Spiderman, directed by Julie Taymor. Until Morning/Come Out of the Dark (2011)

<mask>’ fourth album, Until Morning/Come out of the Dark, is her third musical collaboration with producer David Henry and her first with Roger Moutenot (Yo La Tengo, Elvis Costello, Velvet Underground, Gypsy Kings, Paula Cole, Rosanne Cash). The recordings feature the band from her previous recordings, as well as guest vocalists Shawn Mullins (Grammy nominee, No.1 on the US Americana Charts), Mike Farris (Americana Music Association Artist of the Year, Dove Award Winner), Paris DeLane (Sonia Dada), and David Mead. Until Morning/Come out of the Dark was released in August 2011, on vinyl and as a double CD. This record marks the first Spanish-language song that <mask> has recorded, a Cuban song from 1947 called "Quizás, Quizás, Quizás." The song "Rain" was licensed by the airline Lufthansa for their inflight music playlists. [3] The album art was a design by noted New York visual artist Joe Petruccio, best known for his work with the Elvis Presley Estate and Graceland in Memphis. El Mar (2014)

Her fifth full-length studio album, El Mar, was the first album she recorded in Spain. The album is a collaboration with Spanish flamenco fusion trio Calamento and electric guitarist El Rubio.<mask> met the musicians from Calamento when they were booked on same bill at a benefit concert for a local food bank in 2012. <mask> first started working with their percussion player, Javi Garcia, playing the repertoire from her previous albums, and later started collaborating on arrangements with the whole group, mixing her musical style (rock, folk, and blues) with their flamenco fusion. In January 2014 they went into the studio to record. [84]

The bilingual album El Mar (in English, The Sea) features several previously unrecorded original songs (including the title track) as well as several of <mask>' compositions from her previous four albums ("Cold War," "Mama," "Under This Yellow Sun," and "Out of the Void") reworked into flamenco-based arrangements. Adapted versions of other artists'  works, including traditional Spanish and Mexican songs, arrangements of songs by Leonard Cohen and Javier Ruibal, among others, make this the first of <mask>' albums to be a mix of cover songs and

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title: Tori Sparks

texts:
 original songs, as well as the first to be sung half in Spanish and half in English. [84]

The album was released in October 2014 at a benefit concert for Pinktober at Barcelona's Hard Rock Cafe. [85] The album resulted in numerous articles and interviews by Spanish national press, including Rolling Stone, Ruta66, Rockdelux, Radio3, Radio4, RTVE2, El Periodico, La Vanguardia, MondoSonoro, CadenaSER and many others.[86] It was included in Best-Of lists by magazines such as Orfeo, and more. The group went on to tour in Germany, Spain, Italy, and Portugal, and play festivales including (In)Fusion Flamenca, the GREC Festival, Monkey Week, and the Voll-Damm Festival Internacional de Jazz., and opened for artists such as Las Migas, Joe Satriani, Aurora Beltran, more. The album also features flamenco singers Iza and El Duende, who contribute backing vocals. El Mar was recorded in Feelback Studio with engineer Cesar J. de Cisneros, who won a Grammy Award in 2007 for his work on the Ojos de Brujo album Techari. [84]

La Huerta (2017)

<mask>' sixth full-length studio album, La Huerta, is <mask>' second musical collaboration with flamenco fusion group Calamento and was also recorded with Cesar J. de Cisnernos in Feelback Studio. Guitarist El Rubio has become a permanent part of the band, which is reflected in the slightly more electric and experimental sound of the album. The album also features guest vocalists Alba Bioque and once again Joquin Gomez "El Duende."La Huerta was presented in an exclusive first-look by magazine Rockdelux, and was officially released on February 23, 2017. La Huerta includes original compositions (“Little Wars,” “On My Mind,” “Bitter Seeds,” “Until Morning,” and title track “La Huerta", as well as versiones of flamenco songs ("Malena," "La Leyenda del Tiempo"), rumba ("Vete), jazz songs ("Nature Boy"), Cuban music ("Veinte Años"), rock ("Kashmir" by Led Zeppelin), and traditional gospel music ("Wade in the Water”). Wade in the Water was recorded live with the participation of a studio audience, and is included as a bonus track on the CD version of La Huerta and as a free digital download on the vinyl version of the record. La Huerta was also recorded with Cesar J. de Cisnernos in Feelback Studio and mastered by Grammy winning French engineer Yves Roussell. The music video for the first single "Nature Boy" feature actors Helena Mankowska and Marc Espuny Sanchez and was directed by Francesco Tavolaro. The album release shows in February (Barcelona) and March (March) of 2017 featured celebrity special guests El Yiyo (flamenco dancer), Alba Bioque and Julio de los Chavis (flamenco singers), and Ramon Gimenez of Ojos de Brujo. <mask>, Calamento, and El Rubio have since been interviewed or featured on influential national and international television and radio programs including LateMotiv with Andreu Buenafuente, and programs on BTV, RTVE2, Radio1, Radio3, Radio4, as well as numerous interviews in print.The limited-edition vinyl LP version of La Huerta was released on April 22, 2017, in honor of Record Store Day. It was during production of La Huerta that <mask> started collaborating with independent fashion designed Philissa Williams, who designs most of the dresses that <mask> wears in her stage shows, including the pieces featured in the live videos of the album release concerts and the “Nature Boy” music video. Wait No More (2019)

On April 13, 2019, <mask> and her Spanish band Calamento released their third album together. This is <mask>' first live recording, titled Wait No More (Glass Mountain Records, 2019). The album was recorded live at music venue Luz de Gas in Barcelona, on September 14, 2018, and featured guest artists Alba Bioque (singer) and Lena Nouar (belly dancer). A vinyl limited edition of Wait No More was released on Record Store Day 2019, featuring a selection of the songs recorded at the concert. On April 26, 2019, <mask> also released a double-disc digital edition of Wait No More, featuring all 19 songs from the Luz de Gas show.The singles La flor de Estambul, Wait No More, and Mama were released in advance of the album. The album Wait No More was previewed exclusively on rock magazine Ruta66''' website for a week before officially being release to the public. Other Releases

In 2007, <mask> released the digital-only Little Stories EP at the same time as Under This Yellow Sun. It includes four previously unreleased acoustic songs, as well as the original demo for the song “Under This Yellow Sun.”

In late 2007, <mask> released a Christmas single, "Hope for Me," as well as two behind the scenes videos: <mask> with Producer David Henry: The Making of Under This Yellow Sun (Glass Mountain Records, 2007) and Behind The Scenes: Screen Printing Madness with <mask> (Glass Mountain Records, 2007). In late 2009 <mask> released a live DVD "<mask>: Live at the Rutledge," a selection of songs recorded at the CD release concert for The Scorpion in the Story album. In mid 2015 Sparks released a limited-edition white vinyl 7-inch single of the song "Everybody Knows" from the album El Mar. The B-side to the single was an alternate version of the song "La Llorona" from the album.[87]

Activism and Professional Speaking
<mask> has been part of benefit concerts on behalf of the National Federation of the Blind, F.A.C.E., the March of Dimes, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, Operation Troop Aid, Project Cure, Hope Clinic for Women, MusicCares, Gilda's House, Harmony Republic, the One Campaign, Casa Ronald McDonald, Banco de Alimentos de Barcelona, Pinktober, Fundesplai, Save the Music and others. The Feed Your Soul Guitar Project's auction of a guitar decorated by <mask> raised awareness of the One Campaign and money for one of their partner organizations, Oxfam America.,, Athens Banner-Herald, "Sparks’ Career Shines on Its Own" by Beth Jones (September 12, 2008)

She has given guest lectures on the music industry in English and in French in high schools and universities in Tennessee and Florida, and is the author of two educational courses for ProMusicU. <mask> wrote a monthly column on the subject of DIY in the music business in Nashville's Dream Row magazine,[65][66] and in Spring 2011 was a guest on internationally syndicated Music Business Radio hosted by David Hooper. [67]

She regularly speaks on similar topics at universities, performing arts schools, music conferences and festivals. She was a guest on a panel (as well as a performer) at South by Southwest 2011 on the topic of booking and touring,[68] and a panelist at the Knitting Factory's "This is Music" industry discussions in May 2011. [80] <mask> was guest on Spain's national television Radio3 Television in September 2011,[69] and began writing regularly for Barcelona-based English language magazine Metropolitan about local music and culture around the same time. [81] Soon after, she was invited to speak at the largest international world music conference, WOMEX in Thessaloniki, Greece, on the subject of DIY in the music business, [82], PrimaveraPro in Barcelona and La Fira Mediterranea de Manresa in 2017 and 2018 on the topics of how to survive for a decade in the music industry using a DIY work ethic, and the role of women in the music industry, respectively; and was booked to play in major festivals such as the Montreux Jazz Festival, Barcelona International Jazz Festival, [83] and others.She has continued to tour extensively in Europe, both solo and with various configurations of musicians. [88]

Discography

 Albums and EPs

Vinyl

Videos

Singles

Compilations
 Sin City Sampler: Volume 13 (Sin City Media, 2010)
 Dewey Beach Music Fest Sampler (DBMF, 2009)
 Paste Magazine New Music Sampler #54 (GoGirls Music, 2009)
 Paste Magazine New Music Sampler #54 (Paste Media Group, 2009)
 Project Cure Compilation 2008 (Project Cure, 2008)
 Paste Magazine New Music Sampler (Paste Media Group, 2008)
 Country Vol. 2 (double-disc) (Universal Music France, 2008)
 Moozikoo Best of Indies (Digital Release Only) (Moozikoo.com, 2008)
 KSYM-FM Camp Victory Compilation for the Troops (SCOOP KSYM-FM, 2007)
 MSMF Multiple Sclerosis Music Fest 2006 Compilation CD (Montel Williams MS Foundation, 2006)
 Canadian Music Week Best Unsigned Artists of 2006 (Tunetank, 2006)
 A Taste of Triple A #16 Compilation (A Taste of Triple A, 2006)
 World Music From Catalonia 2015 (Creative Catalonia/Government of Catalonia, 2015)
 World Music From Catalonia 2017 (Creative Catalonia/Government of Catalonia, 2015)

Collaborations
 “Mr. Bickle” from Wooden Music for a Plastic World. (Duet with Jeff Kuykendall. In Production, 2009.) "Blackbird" from A Me-Shaped Hole.(Written with Caroline Brewer. Independently released, 2008.) “When You Walked Away” (Written with Rebecca Hosking, 2008)
 “Pale Sorghum Lo-Fi Blues” from Pale Sorghum Lo-Fi Blues (Duet with D.W. DeHart. DeHorn Boys Music, 2007)
 “Letter to a Wretch #2” (Duet with Shawn Mullins, Digital Release Only, Glass Mountain Records/Courtesy of Vanguard Records, 2010)
 “Letter to a Wretch #2” (Duet with Shawn Mullins, Glass Mountain Records/Courtesy of Vanguard Records, 2010)
 "Siempre y Cuando Sobre Todo" (Duet with Lucas Masciano, Live, 2014)
 El Mar album (Arrangements with Calamento and El Rubio, Glass Mountain Records, 2014)
 "Her Love" (With Frankie Chavez, Live, 2015)
 "Wade in the Water" (With A Contra Blues, Live, 2016)
 La Huerta album (Arrangements with Calamento and El Rubio, Glass Mountain Records, 2017)

 Record Labels

<mask>' first full-length album Rivers + Roads'' was released by Platinum Plus Universal Records. She started her own publishing company, Hand Over Foot Publishing in 2005, and record label, Glass Mountain Records in 2007. Under This Yellow Sun and all subsequent releases have been on Glass Mountain. <mask>' other publishing company, Wry Toast Publishing, was started in 2008.Glass Mountain Records is distributed by Karonte Distribution in Spain, Galileo Music Communication GmbH in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and Burnside Distribution in all other territories. References

External links
 ToriSparks.com
 Glass Mountain Records
 <mask> at AllMusic

1983 births
American women singer-songwriters
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
Women rock singers
American rock guitarists
Living people
Florida State University alumni
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women

masks:
Tori Sparks
Tori Sparks
Tori Sparks
Tori Sparks
Sparks
Tori Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Tori Sparks
Tori Sparks
Sparks
Tori Sparks
Tori Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Sparks
Tori Sparks


title: John Batman

texts:
<mask> (21 January 18016 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, entrepreneur and explorer, best known for his role in the founding of Melbourne. Born and raised in the then-British colony of New South Wales, <mask> settled in Van Diemen's Land (modern-day Tasmania) in the 1820s, where he rose to prominence for hunting bushrangers and as a participant in the Black War. He later co-founded the Port Phillip Association and led an expedition which explored the Port Phillip area on the Australian mainland with the goal of establishing a new settlement. In 1835, <mask> negotiated a treaty with local Aboriginal peoples by offering them tools, blankets and food in exchange for thousands of hectares of land. The treaty resulted in the founding of Batmania, a settlement on the Yarra River which became Melbourne, eventual capital of Victoria and one of Australia's largest and most important cities. <mask> moved there with his convict wife, Elizabeth Callaghan, and their seven daughters, settling on what is now known as Batman's Hill. He died of syphilis shortly afterwards at the age of 38.<mask>'s Treaty was a matter of controversy in his day, and the colonial government in New South Wales refused to recognise it as legitimate. <mask>'s treaty stands as the only attempt by a European to engage Australian Aboriginal people in a treaty or transaction rather than simply claiming land outright. It remains an event of great historical interest and debate. Early life
<mask>'s English parents, William and Mary Bat(e)man, came to Sydney in 1797 aboard the ship the Ganges. William had been transported to the Colony of New South Wales for receiving stolen saltpetre (a precursor ingredient for making gunpowder), but Mary accompanied him as a free passenger, along with their children Maria and Robert. <mask>, the couple's second son, was born on January 21, 1801 at Rosehill, Parramatta, now a suburb of Sydney, but at the time one of the early farming settlements of the fledgling colony. After obtaining his ticket-of-leave, William started a timber-yard business that prospered, and he owned several properties and the licence for the Duke of Wellington hotel in Church Street, Paramatta.In 1810, William changed the family's surname from Bateman, perhaps to avoid convict stigma. William died in 1834, and Mary in 1840. Move to Tasmania

In 1821 <mask> (aged 20 years) and his younger brother Henry journeyed to Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania) to settle on land in the north-east near Ben Lomond. He acquired 'Kingston', a property said to be "...large in acreage and poor agriculturally,...". In early 1826, <mask> captured the notorious cannibal bushranger Thomas Jeffries and later on caught fellow bushranger Matthew Brady, resulting in an additional grant of land by the government. Brady had been wounded in the leg in a conflict with the authorities, but got away safely. <mask> went out unarmed on his own in search of Brady, and found him quite accidentally.He saw a man limping in the bush near a shallow creek, and hastened forward to him. It was Brady. He induced Brady to surrender and return with him. The outlaw was ill and suffering much pain, and did as he was asked. Brady was duly handed over to authorities at Launceston Gaol. Both Jeffries and Brady were sentenced to death. They both hanged together on the gallows in Hobart.<mask> became a grazier. He participated in the capture of Tasmanian Aborigines in 1829. He employed mainland Aboriginal people hired in Sydney, New South Wales, for 'roving parties' hunting Tasmanians. Between 1828 and 1830, Tasmanians in this region were shot or rounded up by bounty hunters like <mask>. As Tasmanian Colonial Governor, George Arthur, observed, <mask> "...had much slaughter to account for". Closer examination of this quote from Governor Arthur reveals a more complex picture of <mask>'s motives and actions on behalf of the government in these so-called "roving parties". For example, in September 1829, <mask> (aged 28), with the assistance of several "Sydney blacks" he brought to Tasmania, led an attack on an Aboriginal family group together numbering 60 to 70 men, women and children in the Ben Lomond district of north-east Tasmania.Waiting until 11pm that night before attacking, he "...ordered the men to fire upon them..." as their 40-odd dogs raised the alarm and the Aboriginal people ran away into thick scrub, killing an estimated 15 people. The next morning, he left the place for his farm, with two badly wounded Tasmanian men, a woman and her two-year-old boy, all of whom he captured. However, he "...found it impossible that the two former [the men] could walk, and after trying them by every means in my power, for some time, found I could not get them on I was obliged to shoot them." The captured woman, named Luggenemenener, was later sent to Campbell Town gaol and separated from her two-year-old son, Rolepana, "...whom she had faced death to protect." <mask> reported afterwards to British Colonial Secretary, <mask>, in a letter of 7 September 1829, that he kept the child because he wanted "...to rear it...". Luggenemenener died on 21 March 1837 as an inmate at the Flinders Island settlement. Later, Rolepana (aged 8 years), travelled with him as part of the founding party of Melbourne in 1835.After <mask>'s death in 1839, Rolepana would have been 12 years old. Boyce notes that Rolepana was employed by colonist George Ware at 12 pounds a year with board on <mask>'s death, "...but what became of him after this is also unknown." However, Haebich records Rolepana as having died in Melbourne in 1842 (he would have been about 15 years). She also says that:

<mask> openly defied Governor Arthur and [George Augustus] Robinson by refusing to hand over two Aboriginal boys in his employ: Rolepana (or Benny Ben Lomond) and Lurnerminer (<mask> or Jack Allen), captured by <mask> in 1828. He claimed the boys were there with the consent of their parents,....He also demonstrated a strong proprietorial interest in the boys, when he told Robinson they were 'as much his property as his farm and that he had as much right to keep them as the government'. Indeed <mask> was convinced that the best plan was to leave the children with the colonists, who clothed and fed them at no expense to the government and raised them to become 'useful members of society'. In a series of letters to Governor Arthur, he 'pleaded hard for the retention of youths educated by settlers and devoted to their service'.<mask> rose to prominence during the time of the Black War of 1830 (aged 29), during which he participated in the Black Line—the formation of a "human chain" across the island to drive Tasmanian Aborigines from their lands into a 'manageable' area. In February 1830, <mask> wrote to the British Colonial Secretary, <mask>, about his difficulty in 'coming up' with [i.e., capturing] the Tasmanian Aborigines. In the same letter, he asked in explaining his difficulty in capturing Tasmanians in the bush, "...if he could follow known [Aboriginal] offenders once they had made it 'to their own ground'. The 19th-century artist, <mask>, captioned one of his Tasmanian paintings Batman's Lookout, Benn Lomond (1835) "...on account of Mr <mask> frequenting this spot to entrap the Natives." <mask>'s neighbour in Van Diemen's Land, Glover said that he was "a rogue, thief, cheat and liar, a murderer of blacks and the vilest man I have ever known". <mask> was diagnosed with syphilis in 1833. By 1835, <mask>'s property, "...Kingston [near Ben Lomond], covered more than , had appropriate animals and buildings, and numerous hands; but it was too rugged to be highly productive."Foundation of Melbourne and Batman's Treaty

Batman sought land grants in the Western Port area, but the New South Wales colonial authorities rejected this. So, in 1835, as a leading member of the Port Phillip Association he sailed for the mainland in the schooner Rebecca and explored much of Port Phillip. When he found the current site of central Melbourne, he noted in his diary of 8 June 1835, "This will be the place for a village." and declared the land "Batmania". Batman's Treaty negotiations with Kulin peoples (Aboriginal peoples of now central Victoria) took place in June 1835 on the banks of the Merri Creek in present-day Northcote (an inner suburb of Melbourne), "...using legal advice from the former Van Diemen's Land attorney-general, Joseph Gellibrand, and with the support of his Aboriginal companions from New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land." However, <mask> did not visit the colonial camp that was later set up on the Yarra River (i.e., Melbourne) until November 1835. Debate has continued for more than a century over this moment in the birth of Melbourne.<mask> writes in his diary on Monday, 8 June 1835 that "... the boat went up the river I have spoken of, which comes from the east, and I am glad to state, about six miles up found the river all good water and very deep. This will be the place for a village. The natives on shore." The previous day <mask> and his party had returned from their meeting with the Kulin Elders along the hills bordering the northern banks of the Yarra. It remains quite unclear whether the party saw the 'place for a village' by the 'Falls'—a long-used homesite for the local peoples, and similarly unclear whether <mask> was in the boat that explored the Yarra on the 8th. But the site has already been noted for its virtues by numerous Britons including <mask> Wedge and <mask>'s Parramatta friend Hamilton Hume." <mask> negotiated a treaty (now known as <mask>'s Treaty but also known as the Dutigulla Treaty, Dutigulla Deed, Melbourne Treaty or Melbourne Deed), with Kulin peoples to rent their land on an annual basis for 40 blankets, 30 axes, 100 knives, 50 scissors, 30 mirrors, 200 handkerchiefs, 100 pounds of flour and 6 shirts.It is unlikely that Kulin people would have understood this as a transfer of land or agreed to it if they had, but, as Percival Serle wrote, "No doubt the blankets, knives, tomahawks, etc., that he gave them were very welcome". In any case, Governor Bourke deemed such a treaty invalid as the land was claimed by the Crown rather than the Kulin peoples and other colonists including the rival party of <mask> Fawkner arrived to settle Melbourne. Later life
<mask> and his family settled at what became known as Batman's Hill at the western end of Collins Street. Having sold his property "Kingston" in Tasmania and brought his wife, former convict Elizabeth Callaghan, and their seven daughters to Melbourne, he built a house at the base of the hill in April 1836. His son, <mask>, was born in November 1837. However, <mask>'s health quickly declined after 1835 as syphilis had disfigured and crippled him, leaving him in constant pain. By the end of 1837 he was unable to walk and was forced to give up squatting and move into trading and investment, but he greatly overstretched his finances and was left vulnerable by his reliance on delegating work to others.As the disease eroded his nose, forcing him to wear a bandage to conceal his ruined face, he became estranged from his wife. In his last months of his life <mask> was cared for by his Aboriginal servants, who carried him around in a wicker perambulator. Following <mask>'s death on 6 May 1839, his widow and family moved from the house at Batman's Hill and the house was requisitioned by the government for administrative offices. <mask>'s will, made in 1837, was out of date at his death as many of the assets bequeathed to his children had already been sold. Years of legal wrangling followed his death, led by <mask>, who had remarried in 1841 to <mask>'s former clerk, William Willoughby, and had only been left £5 in the will by her embittered first husband. The case dragged on, even after <mask>'s heir-at-law, his son <mask>, drowned in the Yarra River in 1845, and its costs absorbed what was left of <mask>'s estate. Legacy

<mask> was buried in the Old Melbourne Cemetery but was exhumed and re-buried in the Fawkner Cemetery, a cemetery named after his fellow colonist (and rival), <mask> Fawkner.A bluestone obelisk was constructed in 1922 which was later moved to Batman Avenue before being returned to the Queen Victoria Market site in 1992. The obelisk is inscribed with the Latin "circumspice" meaning "look around", the entire city of Melbourne being his legacy. The obelisk also states that Melbourne was "unoccupied" prior to <mask>'s arrival in 1835. Australian sprinter <mask> claimed to be a direct descendant of <mask>, although this claim is dubious, given that <mask>'s only son, <mask> <mask>, died aged just 8 or 9 years old by drowning in at Yarra Falls on 11 January 1845. <mask>'s legacy has been challenged in recent years, and most criticism has focused on his killings of Indigenous people in Tasmania. In 2016, Darebin Council voted unanimously to change the name of Batman Park in Northcote. It is now called Gumbri Park, after Gumbri (Jessie Hunter), great-niece of Wurundjeri leader William Barak and the last girl born on the Coranderrk Aboriginal Reserve in Healesville.In 2017, artist Ben Quilty called for <mask>'s statue to be removed from the Melbourne CBD, describing him as a mass murderer who "makes the American Confederates look friendly" and adding that "changing the inscription [on his statue] to 'mass murderer' might slightly appease my sense of justice." The Victorian electoral Division of Batman was abolished in 2018 and renamed the Division of Cooper after Aboriginal political activist William Cooper. Places named after <mask>

 <mask> Bridge (Tasmania)
 Division of Batman (Victorian electoral division; now known as the Division of Cooper)
 Batman Park (Melbourne CBD)
 Batman Park (Northcote, Victoria) – now renamed as Gumbri Park
 Batman's Hill (Melbourne CBD)
 Batman railway station (North Coburg, Melbourne, Victoria)
 Batman Avenue, Melbourne
 Batman Avenue, Keilor Park
 Batman Avenue, Sunbury
 Batman Avenue, Hurstbridge
 Batman Avenue, Shepparton
 Batman Close, Thornton, New South Wales
 Batman Lane, Surry Hills, New South Wales
 Batman Road, Eltham
 Batman Road, Indented Head – the original landing site of <mask> in Port Phillip Bay
 Batman Street, Burnside Heights
 Batman Street, Footscray
 Batman Street, Altona Meadows
 Batman Street, Aberfeldie
 Batman Street, Fitzroy North
 Batman Street, Portarlington
 Batman Walk, Parramatta
 John Batman Drive, Melton West
 John Batman Gardens, Sandringham

See also

History of Melbourne

References

Further reading
 Bell, Agnes Paton (1965). Melbourne: <mask>'s village. Melbourne: Cassell
 Billot, C. P. (1979). <mask>: the Story of <mask> and the Founding of Melbourne. Melbourne: Hyland House.Billot, C. P. (1985). The life and times of <mask> Fawkner. Melbourne: Hyland House. Campbell, Alastair H. (1987). <mask> and the aborigines. Malmsbury, Australia: Kibble Books. Harcourt, Rex (2001), Southern Invasion.Northern Conquest. Story of the Founding of Melbourne, Golden Point Press, Blackburn South. Prior, Wannan and Nunn (1968). A Pictorial History of Bushrangers. Melbourne: Paul Hamlyn
 Attwood, Bain (2009), Possession: Batman's Treaty and the Matter of History, Miegunyah Press, Melbourne, (xviii + 416 pages)
 Boyce, James (2008), Van Diemen's Land, Black Inc, Melbourne
 Boyce, James (2011), 1835: The Founding of Melbourne and the Conquest of Australia, Black Inc., Melbourne
 Reynolds, Henry (1995), Fate of a Free People: A Radical Re-examination of the Tasmanian Wars, Penguin, Melbourne , at page 50, onwards for role in removal of Tasmanian Aborigines. Jan Critchett, (1990), A distant field of murder: Western district frontiers, 1834–1848, Melbourne University Press (Carlton, Vic. and Portland, Or.)Ian D Clark (1990) Aboriginal languages and clans: An historical atlas of western and central Victoria, 1800–1900, Dept. of Geography & Environmental Science, Monash University (Melbourne),
Ian D Clark (1995), Scars in the landscape: A register of massacre sites in western Victoria, 1803–1859, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (Canberra),
 Ian D Clark (2003) That's my country belonging to me' – Aboriginal land tenure and dispossession in nineteenth-century Western Victoria, Ballarat Heritage Services, Ballarat. The Gunditjmara People with Gib Wettenhall (2010), The People of Budj Bim: Engineers of aquaculture, builders of stone house settlements and warriors defending country, em Press, Heywood (Victoria)

Online

 Transcript of <mask>'s journal at the State Library of Victoria. Batmania: a fun way to explore the people and events surrounding the foundation of Melbourne, images of the Batman Land Deed and other historical documents at the National Museum of Australia. Batman Land Deed – National Museum of Australia

1801 births
1839 deaths
Explorers of Australia
Australian explorers
Settlers of Melbourne
Australian people of English descent
19th-century Australian businesspeople
Deaths from syphilis

masks:
John Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
John
John
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
John Burnett
Batman
Batman
Batman
John
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
John Burnett
John Glover
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
John Helder
Batman
Batman
Batman
John Pascoe
Batman
John
Batman
Batman
Batman
Batman
Eliza Batman
Batman
Batman
John
Batman
Batman
John Pascoe
John Batman
Daniel Batman
John Batman
Batman
John Charles
Batman
Batman
Batman
John Batman
Batman
John Batman
John Batman
John Batman
John Batman
John Pascoe
John Batman
John Batman


title: Samuel H. Starr

texts:
<mask> (July 31, 1810 – November 23, 1891) was a career United States Army officer, regimental commander and prisoner of war. A collection of his letters provide a rare view of military life, the War with Mexico, Indian conflicts, the Civil War, his fall from grace, recovery and post Civil War service. Despite his rough demeanor he was a religious man and reflective of the times he served. He was known for his discipline and blistering tongue-lashings directed at friend and foe who performed unsuitably in his eyes. In the later part of 1862, he saber-slapped (hit with the flat edge of his saber) an inattentive camp guard and loudly declared the soldier an "SOB." Because of his "abuse of the guard," he resigned his rank of colonel, his command and subjected himself to a rigorous religious revival then an active recruiting effort. Forgiven by the press and apparently by the Army, he rejoined the active military as a major in command of a cavalry regiment.He commanded the Cavalry Reserve Brigade briefly, but was denied the promotion and command when another officer his junior took command. He is noted for his July 1863 actions at the Battle of Fairfield where his small cavalry regiment took on two crack Confederate Cavalry Regiments reinforced with light artillery. He was severely wounded in the melee and his right arm had to be amputated while he was a prisoner of war. "Old Paddy" was exchanged on parole in September of that year. After a period of recovery he resumed his career to command the Cavalry Remount Camp in Maryland. Later he was a Special Inspector of Cavalry for the armies of the Potomac and the James where his insistence of doing things right contributed to a higher degree of quality and professionalism. During the post war period he served in Texas then retired as a full colonel on December 15, 1870.Early years
<mask> was born July 31, 1810, in Leyden, New York. He was the son of Benjamin John <mask> <mask> (1779–1852) and Achsah Maria Ely (1787–1864). <mask> had eights siblings. <mask> married Eliza Kurtz (1822–1900) from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on July 21, 1841 in Leyden Township, Lewis County, New York and had several children. Achsah Catharine (Kate<mask> (about 1843–?) in New York state. Kurtz <mask> (1846–1847) in New York.Annie Martha <mask> (about 1849–?) in Austin, Texas. Jo Ursula <mask> (about 1851–?) in Fort Graham, Texas. <mask> <mask> (1857–?) in Burlington, New Jersey. Military service

<mask> enlisted in the United States Army as a private on October 27, 1832 in Company G, 4th United States Artillery to October 26, 1837.On June 23, 1846 he enlisted with Company A, an engineer battalion during the Mexican War reaching the rank of sergeant and given a brevet promotion to second lieutenant on June 28, 1848 and he was discharged on July 13, 1848. He sent letters to his wife's home from Matamoros, Mexico in 1846. Other letters were sent from Victoria, Mexico dated January 12, 1847 and two from Tampico dated February 9 and 22, 1847. His nickname was "Paddy" reflective of his Irish ancestry. In one letter dated March 14, 1847, from an engineer camp near the city of Veracruz, he mentions some skirmishing near San Juan. His letter of March 30, mentions the surrender of Veracruz to American forces. Another letter dated April 22, 1847, describes following Mexican General Santa Anna to Xalapa.The letter was written from the "Castle of Perote." Other letters describe disease in the army (July 7), skirmishes during the approach to Mexico City and the Battle of Contreras (August 30). From the Halls of Montezuma (September 23) he provides a description of the Battle of Molino del Rey and the suffering of the casualties after that action. In many letters he paints a brief portrait of his life, the hardships of his men, the civilians and the defeated Mexican forces. In his last letter from "The City of Mexico" or Mexico City, his wife Eliza now resides in Rome, New York (May 8, 1848). He was appointed brevet second lieutenant, 2nd Dragoons, in June 1848. On July 13, 1848, he is commissioned a second lieutenant in the Regular Army.He sends a letter to his wife from West Point, Texas in Fayette County on June 25, 1848 where he mentions his promotion as a passing comment. From a camp at Towash Village (April 2, 1849), San Antonio May 20) he encourages his wife to consider coming to Texas. On November 10, 1851 he is promoted to first lieutenant. By January 18, 1852 his wife is at Fort Gates, Texas, while he is at Fort Mason. Then there is a strange letter (August 2, 1853) that is regarding the limits of <mask>'s arrest from Thomas J. Wood at Fort Mason, Texas. This is frustrating because it provides no clue to why he is on house arrest!The July 31 letter it refers to was not copied for the author. Several letters are then exchanged including a tender letter to his daughter Kate on September 22, 1853 and no mention of his "arrest." On March 4, 1854, he is at Fort McKavitt where he describes the needs of his wife for family to his daughter Kate. <mask> served in Texas from 1848 to 1854 and this time was hard for his wife. In 1855 he was in Fort Riley, Kansas. On July 20, 1855, he is at Fort Kearney, Nebraska Territory while his wife is in Burlington, New Jersey and the envelope indicates he is now a captain. He talks about his participation in chasing Native Americans on the plains and their way of life.Other letters mention the Sioux and Utah expeditions in 1855–1856 when he was at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Over the years he writes many letters home, mostly to his daughters. On May 19, 1856, while at Old Fort Cedar, Captain Augustus Pleasonton writes from the headquarters of the Sioux Expedition at Fort Pierre orders to return to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for recruiting duty. <mask> is there by July 17 and in a letter dated April 11, 1857, from the assistant adjutant general, L. Thomas, he is sent back West. In a June 26, 1857 letter he describes to his daughter Kate where he is and how things are going at the post. Then there is a letter (September 13, 1857) regarding an investigation into <mask>'s conduct to the Inspector General, Colonel J. K. F. Mansfield regarding irregularities of recruiting accounts. There is a series of letters to and from the Auditor's Office in the Treasury Department until at least August 1859.Apparently this is resolved because he is promoted to captain on June 14, 1858 and continues with the 2nd U.S. Cavalry until August 3, 1861. In 1861 he leaves the Western territories for the East. On May 16, he is in Washington, D. C. and his wife is now residing in Burlington, New Jersey. Civil War
During the Civil War, <mask> held a number of positions. He served as aide de camp to Brigadier General Joseph Mansfield, who was in command of the Department of Washington. On August 16, 1861, <mask> accepts his appointment as a colonel of the 5th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry from Governor C. S. Olden in Trenton, New Jersey. It is effective on August 24, 1861.On September 25, 1861, the Officers of the 5th New Jersey Infantry write to Brigadier General William R. Montgomery regarding of <mask>'s excess discipline and mistreatment of his men. By December 14, 1861, he was commander of the 3rd Brigade, Hooker’s Division, Army of the Potomac. His October 15 letter from Alexandria, Virginia to Eliza shows pride in his men. On May 4, 1862, he is breveted to major, Regular Army for gallant and meritorious service during the battle of Williamsburg, Virginia. He still held his volunteer rank of colonel. He writes a letter to wife Eliza only 22 miles from the Confederate Capital in Richmond, Virginia, on May 17, 1862. He provides a good description and some detail of his experiences during the Battle of Williamsburg.On May 27 he writes from Bottom's Bridge in Virginia. From the camp of "Seven Pines," six miles before Richmond, Virginia comes a report (June 5, 1862) of the killed and wounded from the 5th New Jersey Infantry during the Battle of Seven Pines in Virginia acknowledged by Colonel <mask>. Then there is a printed commendation from George McClellan to the soldiers of the Army of the Potomac in a letter dated July 1, from Governor Olden in Trenton to <mask> praising his men. "The regiment was brave, and I have reason to congratulate myself in having command of as gallant a regiment as any in the service." Fall from grace and redemption
<mask> had always been a strict taskmaster and disciplinarian typical of a pre-war army sergeant with a mouth that matched. To those who admired him, he earned the nickname of "Old Paddy" and to those that didn't "Old Nose Bag." The latter term comes from an old company punishment for transgression that required the offender mount astride a fence rail, with his arms secured behind him and with his feet tied together.The crowning came with a horse feed bag (the nose bag) placed over the face of the individual. Other forms of company punishment included being strapped to a wagon wheel or being forced to walk a post for hours in full uniform and gear. The harsh discipline was maintained for both officers and enlisted men. <mask> had been warned after the September 25, 1861 letter of complaint from his officers. The volunteers would not put up with the harsh discipline of the pre-war regulars. Due to a slapping incident, reticent of the future strict disciplinarian and vulgar lashing tongue of General George S. Patton, where <mask> "saber slapped" an inattentive guard on the head, <mask> resigned his commission in the volunteer service. A letter dated October 4, 1862 was forwarded General L. Thomas, Adjutant General in Washington, D. C. which was accepted on October 20.<mask> at Camp Kearney, Virginia sends a telegram to Governor C. S. Olden regarding his resignation on October 22 and in reply <mask> is encouraged to participate in recruiting efforts. In a letter dated January 16, 1863 he shows remorse for his actions and a desire for forgiveness to his wife. On February 20, 1863, <mask> writes to General L. Thomas, Adjutant General in Washington, D. C. regarding charges against him for improper recruiting.

masks:
Samuel Henry Starr
Samuel Starr
or Henry
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Samuel
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Henry Starr
Starr
Starr
Samuel Benjamin
Starr
Samuel Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
Starr
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