title: Frederick DuCane Godman

texts:
<mask> DCL FRS FLS FGS FRGS FES FZS MRI FRHS (15 January 1834 – 19 February 1919) was an English lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist. He was one of the twenty founding members of the British Ornithologists' Union. Along with Osbert Salvin, he is remembered for studying the fauna and flora of Central America. Godman collected Iznik, Hispano-Moresque and early Iranian pottery. His collection of more than 600 pieces was donated to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982. Early life and Cambridge years
<mask> was born on 15 January 1834 at Park Hatch, Godalming, Surrey, and was one of the thirteen children of <mask> and Caroline Smith. <mask> was a partner in the brewery firm Whitbread & Company.<mask> was sent to study at Eton College in 1844 but left three years later due to poor health and was educated at home by private tutors. At the age of 18 he went with his tutor on a trip around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea visiting southern Spain, Athens and Constantinople. Godman joined Trinity College, Cambridge in 1853, where he met Alfred Newton and Osbert Salvin. Both Salvin and Godman spent time learning to skin and mount birds at Baker's taxidermy shop on the Trumpington Road. They also spent time in the field on the fens. The custom of these ornithological friends, (which included his younger brother Percy (1836–1922)), to meet and talk over their recent acquisitions led to the idea of an organisation and the foundation of the British Ornithological Union. At a meeting in Newton's room in Magdalene College on 17 November 1858, a group that included <mask>, Salvin, Wilfred Simpson, John Wolley, Philip Sclater and others decided that "... an Ornithological Union of twenty members should be formed, with the object of establishing a new Journal devoted to Birds: that Lieut.-Colonel H. M. Drummond should be President, Professor Newton the Secretary of the Union, and Sclater should edit the Journal: that the title of the Journal should be The Ibis."Travels
Godman inherited a fortune from his father that allowed him to travel the world. In 1857 <mask> and his brother Percy visited Bodø in northern Norway. They later published an account of their visit in the Ibis. In 1861 he joined Salvin (who was making his third trip to South America) in a trip to Guatemala and Belize via Jamaica. Godman left Salvin in Belize due to a fever and returned home via the Atlantic coast. In 1865, he made a trip to the Azores with one of his younger brothers, Captain <mask> (1844–1894). In 1871 he visited the Canary and Madeira Islands.He corresponded with Charles Darwin. He made many other trips later including a trip to India in 1886 with his brother-in-law Henry John Elwes. They visited Bombay, Delhi, Allan Octavian Hume at Simla, Calcutta and then travelled east to Sikkim. He purchased a collection of butterflies from Robert Lidderdale (1835–1908). During this trip he had trouble walking particularly at high altitudes. They returned through Madras and Sri Lanka. Later on he had a blood clot in the veins of his legs, leading him to move and live in the warmth of Mexico in 1885.Even here he joined Elwes on a trip up Popacatapetl. Life and work

In 1876 <mask> and Salvin decided to work on a project to document the fauna and flora of Central America. This monumental work Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) was to grow into a 63 volume encyclopaedia on the natural history of Central America. Some of the botanical plates were painted by Salvin's wife. Salvin did not live to see it completed. Godman relied on Salvin for much of the systematics involved. The work was made possible by a number of other collaborators including Richard Bowdler Sharpe and George Charles Champion.The associated collection was also enormous and included collections made by others such as Henry Walter Bates that were purchased. <mask> and Salvin also collected numerous bird and butterfly specimens. These were presented to the British Museum in 1885, including nearly 520,000 bird skins alone. Other works by Godman included The Natural History of the Azores (1870) and a two-volume Monograph of the Petrels (1907–10) with plates by J. G. Keulemans. The British Ornithologists' Union instituted the Godman-Salvin Medal for contributions to ornithology while a memorial to <mask> and Salvin was constructed and is exhibited in the Natural History Museum. Godman also took an interest in plants, maintaining a large collection of rhododendrons, orchids and alpine plants in his garden and rockery at South Lodge near Horsham. This house is now the South Lodge Hotel.There appears to have been a friendly rivalry with his friend Sir Edmund Loder, a plantsman and owner of nearby Leonardslee country estate. They co-operated on loderii hybrid rhododendron, a cross between Leanardslee's Rhododendron fortunei and South Lodge's Rhododendron griffianthium. South Lodge remains notable for its rhododendrons. His other botanical passions included orchids and nerines, and with his gardener, Geoffrey Giles, he propagated rare orchids, regularly being awarded for his efforts by the Royal Horticultural Society. Along with his brother Colonel Charles Bulkeley <mask> (1849–1941), he took an interest in hunting with dogs, fishing and shooting. Godman collected early Iranian pottery, Iznik pottery and Hispano-Moresque ware. Although he had visited Istanbul in 1852, the ceramics were purchased in England.He became well known as a collector and dealers would bring items to his home near Horsham. His collection included important inscribed and dated works. In 1873  he married Edith, the daughter of J. H. Elwes (and hence sister of Godman's friend H. J. Elwes) and after her death in 1875 married Alice, daughter of Percy Chaplin in 1891. Along with his second wife, later Dame Alice Mary <mask> (1868–1944, who became deputy president of the British Red Cross Society), he travelled to the West Indies and through Africa. He had two daughters by his second wife, Eva Mary (1895–1965) and Catherine Edith (1896–1982). Both his daughters took an interest in natural history. The elder daughter Eva was killed by a vehicle when she crossed a street to post a letter.His collection of more than 600 pieces of Islamic pottery was transferred to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982. Godman was secretary of the British Ornithological Union from 1870 to 1882 and again from 1889 to 1897, and also served as president from 1896 until 1913. He was a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and member of its council from 1902. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1882, received a gold medal from the Linnean Society in 1918, and was made a trustee of the British Museum. Death
Godman died on 19 February 1919 at 45 Pont Street, London, and was laid to rest in Cowfold, Sussex. Legacy
Godman is commemorated in the scientific names of four species of reptiles: Anolis godmani, Cerrophidion godmani, Rhadinella godmani, Thamnophis godmani; one amphibian, Godman's tree frog (Tlalocohyla godmani), and the heliconid butterfly Neruda godmani. Works

Books

 Scans from the Internet archive: Volume 1, Volume 2.Journal articles
<mask> published 12 article on birds in the Ibis. Several of these had multiple parts and almost all were with Salvin as a co-author. He also published over 30 articles on butterflies, again mostly with Salvin. References

Further reading

External links
British Museum collection information

1834 births
1919 deaths
People from Godalming
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English lepidopterists
English ornithologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society
Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society
People from Cowfold

masks:
Frederick DuCane Godman
Frederick DuCane Godman
Joseph Godman
Joseph Godman
Frederick
Godman
Godman
Temple Godman
Godman
Godman
Godman
Godman
Godman
Godman


title: Thomas Oppermann

type: original

texts:
<mask> (27 April 195425 October 2020) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From October 2017 until his death he served as Vice President of the Bundestag. In his earlier career, he served as First Secretary (2007–2013) and later as chairman (2013–2017) of the SPD Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag. <mask> belonged to the right wing of the SPD, known as Seeheimer Kreis. Life and career
<mask> was born in Freckenhorst on 27 April 1954. Oppermann received his abitur from the Goetheschule in Einbeck. Afterwards, he studied German studies and English studies at University of Tübingen.From 1976 to 1978, he worked at Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP) in the United States. After his return to Germany, he went to law school at University of Göttingen, finishing in 1986. From then until 1990, Oppermann was an administrative court judge in Hanover and later in Braunschweig. From 1988 to 1989, he was seconded to serve as chief legal affairs officer for the city of Hann. Münden. Oppermann had three daughters and one son. Political career

Role in regional politics
<mask> has been a member of the (SPD) since 1980 and president of the regional SPD in Göttingen since 1989.He was a member of the Lower Saxon Landtag from 1990 to 2005. He was speaker for legal affairs there from 1990 to 1998. Between 1998 and 2003, <mask> served as State Minister for Science and Culture in the cabinets of Minister-Presidents Gerhard Schröder, Gerhard Glogowski and Sigmar Gabriel. In 1999, after Glogowski's resignation, <mask> lost an internal party vote against Gabriel on becoming the next Minister-President. From 2003 to 2005, <mask> was the economic speaker of the state SPD parliamentary group. National politics
From the 2005 federal election until his death in 2020, <mask> served as a member of the Bundestag (German parliament). Within his parliamentary group, he was part of the Seeheim Circle.From March 2006 to November 2007, he was speaker of the working group and leader of the SPD delegation on the committee to investigate the secret services (Geheimdienst-Untersuchungsausschuss). <mask> was elected as the First Parliamentary Secretary of the SPD parliamentary group in November 2007, succeeding Olaf Scholz; he was subsequently re-elected in 2011 and 2013. In this capacity, he also joined the parliament's Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. He also became a member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel (PKGr), which provides parliamentary oversight of Germany's intelligence services BND, BfV and MAD. Between 2006 and 2013, <mask> was the Deputy Chairman of the German-Israeli Parliamentary Friendship Group. From 2009, he served on the parliamentary body in charge of appointing judges to the Highest Courts of Justice, namely the Federal Court of Justice (BGH), the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), the Federal Fiscal Court (BFH), the Federal Labour Court (BAG), and the Federal Social Court (BSG). Ahead of the 2009 elections, German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier included <mask>, then relatively unknown face to the German public, in his shadow cabinet of 10 women and eight men for the Social Democrats’ campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor.During the campaign, Oppermann served as shadow minister for interior affairs and therefore as the counterpart of incumbent Wolfgang Schäuble. Chairman of the SPD Parliamentary Group, 2013–2017
In the negotiations to form a so-called Grand Coalition following the 2013 federal elections, <mask> led the SPD delegation in the internal and legal affairs working group; his co-chair was Hans-Peter Friedrich of the CSU. When Frank-Walter Steinmeier resigned as Chairman of the SPD Parliamentary Group to serve once again as foreign minister in Angela Merkel's second Grand Coalition, <mask> was elected as his successor on 16 December 2013. <mask> also served on the Committee on the Election of Judges (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. In late 2015, the SPD's board under the leadership of Sigmar Gabriel mandated <mask> and Manuela Schwesig with the task of drafting an electoral program for the 2017 federal elections. In the Social Democrats’ campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor, Oppermann focused on defence policy, thereby being a counterweight to incumbent Ursula von der Leyen. Vice-President of the German Bundestag, 2017–2020

After the Social Democrats experienced their worst result in German post-war history, the new chairman Martin Schulz nominated Andrea Nahles to replace <mask> as leader of the party's group in the German Parliament.He also served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From 2019, he was a member of the German delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly. In August 2020, <mask> announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term. Political positions

In 2011, <mask> publicly spoke out in favor of holding a national referendum over fundamental principles of the European Union on the day of the 2013 German federal election. In 2013, Oppermann criticized the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel as news emerged of its intentions to sell arms to Saudi Arabia, saying that the conservatives wanted to "totally upgrade" the country's military capabilities. Faced with 800,000 migrants arriving in Germany in 2015, <mask> said his party would never accept a "CSU proposal to create 'transit zones' near the border, where asylum seekers with no chance of staying could be quickly sent back home". Other activities

Corporate boards
 EnBW, Member of the Advisory Board (2005–2006)

Non-profits
 German Football Association (DFB), Chairman of the Ethic Commission (since 2019)
 Hertie School of Governance, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Member
 Friends of the Center for Palliative Care of the University of Göttingen, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, Member of the Board of Trustees (until April 2015)
 Göttingen International Handel Festival, Member of the Supervisory Board
 Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Volkswagen Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees
 ZDF, Member of the Television Board
 Das Progressive Zentrum, Member of the Circle of Friends
 Fraunhofer Society, Member of the Senate (2006–2008)

Controversy
When a former member of parliament Sebastian Edathy in December 2014 appeared before a Bundestag inquiry into his purchase of child pornography, he was asked about whether a tip-off from party colleagues gave him time to destroy evidence ahead of a police raid on his home and office.Edathy said senior SPD members, particularly <mask>, breached legal privilege by discussing the case with colleagues and staff. During a closed-door hearing of the Committee on Internal Affairs earlier that year, <mask> had denied that he or any of his fellow high-ranking SPD officials "indirectly or directly informed or even warned Sebastian Edathy of the investigation or our knowledge of it." Death
<mask> collapsed while waiting for a TV appearance and was transported to a hospital in Göttingen, where he died on 25 October 2020, at the age of 66. References

External links

  Retrieved 12 March 2010

1954 births
2020 deaths
People from Warendorf
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Members of the Bundestag for Lower Saxony
Ministers of the Lower Saxony State Government
Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony
Hertie School people
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany

masks:
Thomas Ludwig Albert Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann


title: Wendy Cope

texts:
<mask>  (born 21 July 1945) is a contemporary English poet. She read history at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She now lives in Ely, Cambridgeshire, with her husband, the poet Lachlan Mackinnon. Biography
<mask> was born in Erith in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bexley), where her father <mask> was manager of the local department store, Hedley Mitchell. She was educated at West Lodge Preparatory School in Sidcup and Farrington's School, Chislehurst, both in Kent. Following her graduation from St Hilda's College, Oxford <mask> spent fifteen years as a primary-school teacher. In 1981, she became Arts and Reviews editor for the Inner London Education Authority magazine, Contact.Five years later she became a freelance writer and was a television critic for The Spectator magazine until 1990. Five collections of her adult poetry have been published, Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis in 1986, Serious Concerns in 1992, If I Don't Know in 2001,  Family Values in 2011, and Anecdotal Evidence in 2018. She has also edited several anthologies of comic verse and was a judge of the 2007 Man Booker Prize. In 1998, she was voted the listeners' choice in a BBC Radio 4 poll to succeed Ted Hughes as Poet Laureate. When Andrew Motion's term as Poet Laureate came to an end in 2009, <mask> was again widely considered a popular candidate, although she believes the post should be discontinued. Carol Ann Duffy succeeded Motion as Poet Laureate. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.In April 2011, the British Library purchased <mask>'s archive including  manuscripts, school reports and 40,000 emails, the largest email archive they have bought to date. The papers also includes 67 poetry notebooks and unpublished poems. <mask> commented "I wanted to find a good home for my archive. The timing was dictated because we had to move home, so we needed some money to buy a house, and the space. So this was the moment. I asked Andrew Motion what I should do, and he told me someone to approach at the British Library. I wasn't sure they would want it, but they did."When the collection is catalogued and organised, the archive will be available to researchers. In 2013, after 19 years of living together, <mask> married Lachlan Mackinnon in a register office, although she has stated that she would have preferred a civil partnership. In January 2019 she was the guest on BBC Radio 4's long-running programme Desert Island Discs. Her book choice was The Compleet Molesworth, her luxury item was writing materials and her favourite track was Bach's Concerto for Two Violins and Strings in D minor. Critical reception
Despite her slight output, her books have sold well and she has attracted a popular following with her lighthearted, often comical poetry, as well as achieving literary credibility winning two awards and making an award shortlist over a fourteen-year period. She has a keen eye for the everyday, mundane aspects of English life, especially the desires, frustrations, hopes, confusions and emotions in intimate relationships. Dr Rowan Williams is a well known fan of her work, writing that: "<mask> is without doubt the wittiest of contemporary English poets, and says a lot of extremely serious things".Three haiku from Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis, where they are presented as being written by the (fictional) Tulse Hill poet Jason Strugnell, were set by the composer Colin Matthews in 1990 as Strugnell's Haiku. In 2008 <mask>'s poem "After The Lunch" was used as the lyric  of the song "Waterloo Bridge" by jazz composer and musician Jools Holland and singer Louise Marshall. Style
Some of her poems are written in the persona of a struggling male poet, Jason Strugnell, a slightly seedy figure from Tulse Hill. She displays her talent for parody with targets ranging from the sonnets of Sir Philip Sidney:

My true love hath my heart and I have hers
We swapped last Tuesday and felt quite elated
But now whenever one of us refers
To 'my heart' things get rather complicated. to reducing T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land to limericks:

In April one seldom feels cheerful;
Dry stones, sun and dust make me fearful;
Clairvoyants distress me,
Commuters depress me—
Met Stetson and gave him an earful. Her style has been compared to that of John Betjeman and Philip Larkin. Bibliography

<mask>'s poetry for adults
 (1986) Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis (Faber and Faber)
 (1992) Serious Concerns (Faber and Faber)
 (2001) If I Don't Know (Faber and Faber)
 (2011) Family Values (Faber and Faber)
 (2018) Anecdotal Evidence (Faber and Faber)

Collections of <mask>'s poetry for children
 (1988) Twiddling Your Thumbs (Faber and Faber)
 (1991) The River Girl (Faber and Faber)

Limited editions and selections
 (1980) Across the City [limited edition] (Priapus Press)
 (1984) Hope and the 42 (Other Branch Readings)
 (1986) Poem from a Colour Chart of House Paints [limited edition] (Priapus Press)
 (1988) Does She Like Word Games?(Anvil Press Poetry)
 (1988) Men and Their Boring Arguments (Wykeham)
 (1994) The Squirrel and the Crow (Prospero Poets)
 (2008) Two Cures for Love: Selected Poems 1979–2006 (Faber and Faber)
 (2016) A Triumphant Yes  Celandine Press 150 copies signed by the author

Other publications
 (1989) Is That the New Moon? [editor] (HarperCollins)
 (1993) The Orchard Book of Funny Poems [editor] (Orchard)
 (1996) Casting a Spell [contributor] (Faber and Faber)
 (1998) The Funny Side: 101 Humorous Poems [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (1999) The Faber Book of Bedtime Stories [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (2000) The Orchard Book of Funny Poems [editor] (Orchard)
 (2001) Heaven on Earth: 101 Happy Poems [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (2002) Is That The New Moon? : Poems by Women Poets [selector] (Collins)
 (2003) George Herbert: Verse and Prose [selector and introduction] (SPCK)
 (2014) Life, Love and The Archers: recollections, reviews and other prose (Hodder & Stoughton)

References

External links

Profile at Poetry Archive
Profile and poems at Poetry Foundation
BBC profile and video
National Portrait Gallery profile and portrait
Interview with <mask> from Dreamcatcher No 15 – 2005

1945 births
Alumni of St Hilda's College, Oxford
English women poets
20th-century English poets
20th-century British poets
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Formalist poets
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Erith
People from Winchester
20th-century English women writers

masks:
Wendy Cope
Cope
Fred Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Wendy Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope


title: Hartwell de la Garde Grissell

texts:
<mask> (1839–1907) was a papal chamberlain and the founder of the Oxford University Newman Society. Education

<mask> was born in 1839 as the son of <mask>, a prosperous public works contractor. He was educated at Harrow School and in 1859 matriculated to Oxford University as a commoner of Brasenose College. According to Walter Bradford Woodgate, a contemporary at Brasenose with Grissell and the founder of Vincent's Club (of which Grissell was a member), he was "a non-athlete, but ... popular". During his time at University Grissell came under the influence of the leading tractarian, Dr. Henry Parry Liddon. He became increasingly involved with the Anglican High Church movement and was admitted to the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, a movement to promote High Church principles within the University. Conversion
At Oxford Grissell also developed a strong interest in ecclesiastical ritual.He came to believe that the Book of Common Prayer had its roots in the Catholic liturgy and argued for greater ritualism in Anglican worship. In 1865 he published a work called Ritual Inaccuracies in which he attempted to "bring the rubrics of the Protestant Communion Service into line with those of the Roman Missal". Reminiscing about this period of his life he wrote:

Whilst working on his book Grissell came into contact with a number of Catholic priests and developed a leaning towards Roman Catholicism. Under the direction of Fr. Edward Caswall, a priest of the Birmingham Oratory, Grissell began to read Catholic works. Writing in the year of his death, he recalled his conversion:

Grissell was received into the Catholic Church on 2 March 1868 by Henry Edward Manning, the Archbishop of Westminster. Papal Chamberlain

In 1869 he moved to Rome, where he served as Cameriere (a Chamberlain of Honour) to Pope Pius IX.The Cameriere wore a Spanish-style costume with cape and sword and had the duty of attending upon the pope during ecclesiastical and state functions. With his love of ritual Grissell relished life at the papal court. Writing in later life he reminisced:

The temporal power of the pope ended in 1870, when Victor Emmanuel II seized Rome, but Grissell continued to serve under Pius IX and his two immediate successors, Leo XIII and Pius X. He was rewarded for his service by being created a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great and, in 1898, one of the four Papal Chamberlains di numero, an honour usually reserved to the Roman nobility. Writing from Rome in 1900, <mask> referred to Grissell as a stalwart of the conservative Papal Court:

Whilst residing in Rome Grissell amassed a vast collection of relics and sacred curios, including a portion of the Crown of Thorns and the entire body of St. Pacificus. The centrepiece of the collection was the reputedly miraculous image of the Madonna called 'Mater Misericordia' (now housed in the Oxford Oratory and popularly known as 'Our Lady of Oxford'), to which Pius IX granted indulgences at Grissell's request. Besides being an expert in matters liturgical, Grissell was a noted numismatician and was elected to a fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries of London.Newman Society

When not serving at the papal court, <mask> resided at 60 High Street in Oxford. Here he set up a private oratory, which was frequented by many early convert members of Oxford University. In 1877 he suggested the possibility of establishing a society for the University's Catholics and in the following year this idea the Oxford University Newman Society was founded as the 1888 Oxford University Catholic Club. Roman Catholics had only recently been readmitted to the University and their presence remained controversial. In 1883 <mask> was accused of proselytising and had to be escorted from Pembroke College whilst a mob of undergraduates hurled missiles and shouted 'No-popery' taunts at him. Nevertheless, <mask> continued to promote Catholicism within the University and he was influential in persuading Leo XIII to lift the papal ban on Catholics attending the English universities; this resulted in the foundation of Oxford University's Catholic Chaplaincy. <mask> died in Rome on 10 June 1907, leaving his relic collection in trust to the Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham, with the proviso that it be housed within a special chapel within the church of St. Aloysius Gonzaga in Oxford.He also bequeathed a notable collection of papal coins to the Ashmolean Museum. To mark the centenary of his death in 2007, the Oxford University Newman Society mounted an exhibition commemorating his life and times, which was held in his Oxford alma mater, Brasenose College. References

Additional sources
Grissell Papers, Oxford Oratory Archive, 25 Woodstock Road, Oxford
'Hartwell de la Garde <mask>, Esq, MA, Brasenose College, Oxford' in J. Godfrey Rupert, Roads to Rome: Being Personal Records of Some of the More Recent Converts to the Catholic Faith (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, 1908). <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>l, Sede Vacante, being a Diary written during the Conclave of 1903, with additional Notes on the Accession and Coronation of Pius X (James Parker & Co, 1903). George Andrew Beck, The English Catholics, 1850–1950: essays to commemorate the centenary of the restoration of the hierarchy of England and Wales (Burns & Oates, 1950, p. 301)
Judith F. Champ, William Bernard Ullathorne, 1806–1889: A different kind of monk (Gracewing, 2006, p. 447)
Paul R<mask>, Oxbridge men: British masculinity and the undergraduate experience, 1850–1920 (Indiana University Press, 2005, p. 212)
Walter Drumm, The Old Palace: The Catholic Chaplaincy at Oxford. (Veritas, 1991)
John Evans, Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society Vol VII (Read Books, 2006, p. 35)
Oscar Wilde, Selected Prose of Oscar Wilde (Read Books, 2006, p. 158)

1839 births
1907 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
English Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism

masks:
Hartwell de la Garde Grissell
Grissell
Thomas Grissell
Oscar Wilde
Grissell
Grissell
Grissell
Grissell
Grissell
Hartwell
de la
Garde
Grissellsel
. Deslandes


title: William Adams Richardson

texts:
<mask> (November 2, 1821 – October 19, 1896) was an American lawyer who served as the 29th United States secretary of the treasury from 1873 to 1874. During his tenure, the Panic of 1873 swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years. He controversially responded by issuing $26 million in greenbacks, which averted the crisis, although there was debate as to whether he had the authority to do so. His tenure was marred by the Sanborn incident in 1874, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes. He was later appointed a judge, and subsequently the chief justice, of the United States Court of Claims. Education and career

Born on November 2, 1821, in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, <mask> studied at Pinkerton Academy and Lawrence Academy at Groton. <mask> received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1843, and an Artium Magister degree in 1846, both from Harvard University and a Bachelor of Laws in 1846 from Harvard Law School.He passed the Massachusetts' bar in July 1846. <mask> entered private practice in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1846. <mask> entered partnership and practiced law with his older brother Daniel Samuel, who had a large practice in Lowell. As the junior law partner, <mask> was considered to be a painstaking methodical office attorney. He served in the militia, first as a judge advocate with the rank of major and later as an aide to Governor George N. Briggs with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was a Justice of the peace for Middlesex County, Massachusetts from 1847 to 1854. He was a bank President in Wamesit, Massachusetts from 1852 to 1853.He was President of the Common Council of Lowell from 1853 to 1854, and President of the Mechanics' Association. He was appointed to revise the statutes of Massachusetts in 1855, and subsequently chosen by the legislature to edit the annual supplements of the general statutes, which he continued to do for 22 years. He was a Judge of the Middlesex County Probate Court from 1856 to 1858. He was a Judge of the Middlesex County Probate and Insolvency Courts from 1858 to 1872. He was an overseer of Harvard from 1863 to 1875. Federal executive branch service

<mask> was a United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury from 1869 to 1872. He was Acting Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice in 1870.He was United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1873 to 1874, under President Ulysses S. Grant. Tenure as Secretary of the Treasury

During <mask>'s tenure the Panic of 1873 swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years. <mask> responded by controversially releasing $26,000,000 in paper money reserves in an inflationist measure to help alleviate the effects of the general panic. There was debate whether <mask> had the authority to do so, however, Congress had not passed a law to forbid such an action. <mask> secured the $15,000,000 award from the Alabama Claims through the retirement of United States bonds held in Europe. This was to ensure that no gold had to be transferred overseas by ship. The post-war economy had expanded so quickly that commercial banks became nervous and began calling in their loans.As a result, in the summer of 1873 the money supply tightened drastically, causing the Panic of 1873. <mask> responded by issuing $26 million in greenbacks to meet the demand. The legality of his action was doubtful, but the Congress did not interfere and the crisis was eased. Such cycles of expansion and panic continued for the next thirty years, however, and were the basis for the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913. <mask>'s tenure was marred by the Sanborn Incident, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes. Pressure mounted for <mask> to be removed; he tendered his resignation, which President Grant accepted. As a face-saving gesture, Grant then appointed <mask> as a Judge of the Court of Claims.Federal judicial service

<mask> was nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant on June 1, 1874, to a Judge seat on the Court of Claims (later the United States Court of Claims) vacated by Judge Samuel Milligan. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 2, 1874, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 20, 1885, due to his elevation to be Chief Justice of the same court. <mask> was nominated by President Chester A. Arthur on January 15, 1885, to the Chief Justice seat on the Court of Claims vacated by Chief Justice Charles D. Drake. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 1885, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on October 19, 1896, due to his death in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Other service

Concurrent with his federal judicial service, <mask> was the editor of the Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States from 1874 to 1891, as well as a Professor of law at Georgetown Law from 1879 to 1894.Family

<mask>'s father was <mask> who practiced law and was Tyngsborough's postmaster, and his mother was <mask> of Chelmsford. <mask> was the descendant of Ezekiel <mask> who settled in Massachusetts Bay in 1630. <mask>'s mother died in 1825 and her sister became his step-mother the next year. Works
 The Banking Laws of Massachusetts (Lowell, 1855)
 Supplement to the General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with George P. Sanger (Boston, 1860–1882)
  Practical information concerning the public debt of the United States: with the national banking laws  (Washington, D.C., 1872)
He prepared and edited:
 Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, 2nd ed. (1881)
 History, Jurisdiction, and Practice of the Court of Claims (United States) (1882–1885)

References

Sources

External links

1821 births
1896 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Harvard University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Massachusetts lawyers
American militia officers
Massachusetts state court judges
Judges of the United States Court of Claims
Grant administration cabinet members
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant
Pinkerton Academy alumni

masks:
William Adams Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
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Richardson
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Daniel Richardson
Mary Adams
Richardson
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Richardson


title: John R. Rathom

texts:
<mask><mask> (1868–1923) was a journalist, editor, and author based in Rhode Island at the height of his career. In the years before World War I, he was a prominent advocate of American participation in the war against Germany. His claims that his newspaper staff uncovered foreign espionage plots were eventually revealed as largely fraudulent, though his reputation as an heroic anti-German crusader endured. He later engaged in a long public dispute with <mask> early in the future president's career. He cut a large figure in the world of journalism and as a conservative spokesman on such issues as anti-Bolshevism and the League of Nations. Time magazine described him as a firm believer in the old newspaper saying, "Raise hell and sell papers." Early years and career in journalism
The man who called himself <mask> was probably born <mask> in Melbourne, Australia, on July 4, 1868.The story he told of his early years is at many points unverifiable, at others questionable, and at others demonstrably false. An exhaustive review of <mask>'s accounts by the staff of the Providence Journal, the paper where he gained national notoriety, documents the problems in the historical record. <mask> did not attend Harrow in England as he claimed. Nor did he report on the British military campaign in the Sudan in 1886 for the Melbourne Argus. His tales of adventures in China, including service in the Chinese Navy, are likely fictions as well. His claim to have joined the Schwatka Expedition to Alaska in 1878–80 can not be verified. He probably arrived in the U.S. in 1889—he provided various dates—and then worked for short periods at several Canadian and American newspapers on the West Coast.He  joined the San Francisco Chronicle as a staff correspondent in 1896. Two years later, during the Spanish–American War, the Chronicle sent him to Cuba. In his ensuing adventures, all dubious, he was badly wounded, returned to the U.S. with yellow fever or malaria, and escaped from a medical isolation camp. He sailed to South Africa, he later said, to cover the Boer War, but no evidence supports him. His claim that he was twice wounded there is equally suspect. His boast that he counted General Kitchener as a friend from that time until the general's death in 1916 has been called "moonshine." By his own account, in his next position as staff correspondent for the Chicago Times-Herald (later the Chicago Record Herald) he became "one of the best known newspaper men in the country."He covered the 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire with great distinction. <mask> himself called that story "a classic of deadline journalism." <mask> became a naturalized American citizen on March 25, 1906, in Chicago. He later claimed that he cherished the congratulatory telegrams he received on that occasion from William McKinley and <mask>. McKinley had died more than four and a half years earlier. <mask> misrepresented his personal life as well. On July 5, 1890, he married Mary Harriet Crockford in Canada.In 1899, he began an affair with Florence Mildred Campbell in San Francisco. His wife returned home to Canada, ending their relationship. Soon <mask> and Campbell were living together as husband and wife, though no record of their marriage has surfaced. The first Mrs. <mask> only sued for divorce in 1908, naming Campbell as co-respondent, and the marriage was dissolved in 1909. For the previous three years <mask> and Campbell were representing themselves to Providence society as husband and wife. Evidence from family correspondence suggests that Campbell began to style herself Mrs. <mask> in 1903. All <mask>'s various biographical accounts omitted his first marriage.The Providence Journal
In 1906, <mask> applied for work at the Providence Journal and won the post of managing editor. In 1912, he became both editor and general manager at the Journal and its afternoon edition, the Evening Bulletin. Upon his death in 1923, Time magazine reported that the two newspapers were "said to be one of the most money-making magazine combinations in the U. S."

Reporting on German espionage

<mask> campaigned for the U.S. to enter World War I in support of the British. Under his management, the Providence Journal produced a series of exposés of German espionage and propaganda in the U.S. In 2004, that same newspaper reported that much of <mask>'s coverage was a fraud: "In truth, the Providence Journal had acquired numerous inside scoops on German activities, mostly from British intelligence sources who used <mask>hom to plant anti-German stories in the American media." Duped or willingly misled by sources whose information confirmed his own pro-British sympathies, <mask> then exaggerated his own organization's role in uncovering the supposed plots. In speeches at pro-British assemblies, he amplified the Journal's breathless accounts of journalists running undercover operations and thwarting foreign intrigues.Newspapers across the United States reprinted the Providence Journal exclusives, magnifying <mask>'s myth that he was directing a cadre of counterspies. The national press turned <mask> and the Journal into heroes, naming both the editor and the paper in headlines like these in the New York Times:

November 13, 1917
TELLS OF THWARTING GERMAN PLOTTERS
<mask><mask> Reveals How Reporters Outwitted Teuton Secret Service

January 20, 1918
SAYS BAKER KEPT PACIFISTS ON GUARD
<mask><mask> Tells Genesee Society Secretary [of War] Put Them In Important Posts

Many of <mask>'s reports attacked members of the Wilson administration for failing to recognize and defend against the German efforts, using phrases like "almost criminal negligence" to characterize the federal government's response. From late in 1917, the Department of Justice made it clear to <mask> that the government was concerned about his claims and criticisms, defaming the government, taking credit for fictitious achievements. Early in 1918, <mask> arranged to publish a series of articles called "Germany's Plots Exposed" in a monthly magazine, The World's Work. The first article appeared in February 1918. Just at this point the Department of Justice went on the offensive. First, they threatened to call <mask> before a grand jury to testify about his sources, which would mean revealing how much of what appeared in the Journal was fabricated or based on feeds from the British embassy and other partisans.Rather than testify, <mask> negotiated and on February 12, 1918, signed a lengthy statement in the form of a letter to Attorney General Thomas Watt Gregory. In essence, he admitted that the bulk of his sensational stories came not from his staff but from British intelligence agents and propaganda operatives. He also pleaded that he had been misquoted or the implications of his remarks misunderstood. Next the Department of Justice contacted The World's Work and revealed enough of <mask>hom's admissions to make that publication reconsider publishing the remainder of <mask>hom's articles. The World's Work immediately suspended the series and in its place proposed a series called "Fighting German Spies" authored by French Strother, one of its own editors, "by courtesy of the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice". An editorial note in The World's Work left much unsaid and softened its impact by saying the suspension was by "mutual consent" of Rathom and the magazine, but it made an implied negative comparison with Rathom's work by saying of Strother's new series: "The facts and documents published in these articles are verified." Despite the series' suspension, Rathom's reputation hardly suffered.The cancellation of the planned series was a short-term story, not one to compete with headline news. Such a minor incident could not undo the work of the blaring headlines and breathless revelations that had already appeared. <mask> did not lower his voice, but his spectacular claims and charges ended. In the letter <mask> signed at the Department of Justice, he gave the Attorney General the right to reveal its contents in whole or in part to anyone of his choosing at any time. The Department of Justice waited almost two years before revealing the letter's contents to the public in the context of the Newport Sex Scandal. Reporting on the Newport sex scandal

The Journal covered naval affairs on a regular basis and focused on the local base, Naval Station Newport. In January 1920, the paper took up the cause of Rhode Island's episcopal Bishop James DeWolf Perry and the local clergy who protested the Navy's failure to clean up the immoral establishments that provided sex and liquor to navy personnel.One action the Navy took, under the direction of Assistant Secretary of the Navy (and future President of the United States) Franklin Delano <mask> was a campaign to infiltrate the gathering places of Newport's homosexual community. The operation resulted in the arrests of both military personnel and civilians. <mask>hom's paper covered the Newport Sex Scandal trial proceedings daily, often with a critical eye toward the prosecution's case. When it transpired that the investigators had authorized sailors to entrap their targets and even to engage in sex in the course of their work, <mask> railed against those responsible up the chain of command to <mask> and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, an old <mask>hom foe for his lack of enthusiasm for early entry into the war. <mask>hom's campaign supported by the clergy resulted in two investigations, one behind closed doors by a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs and a public one by a naval court of inquiry. That meant more coverage and <mask> was a witness at both. The battle was not confined to the two investigations and the columns of the Journal.<mask> and <mask> had what the New York Times characterized as a "tart exchange of telegrams" over the issue of who in Washington authorized the improper methods used at Newport. <mask> said <mask>'s "attack on the navy was disingenuous and dishonorable." <mask> asserted his sole interest was "the protection of the honor of the United States Navy, which officials of the navy have sought to undermine by the most bestial and dishonorable methods known to man." While <mask> waited months for the outcome of the investigations, events worked to his advantage. In July 1920, <mask> resigned his Navy post and accepted the nomination of the Democratic party for Vice President, making him an even more valuable target for a newspaperman looking to sell papers and keep his name before the public. <mask> waited until just ten days before the election to go public with new and outrageous charges against <mask> and another high-profile Navy official, Thomas Mott Osborne, Commandant of Portsmouth Naval Prison, former warden of Sing Sing and the most famous penal reformer of the era. <mask> charged that the Democratic candidate for Vice President had acted improperly while Assistant Secretary of the Navy in releasing sailors convicted on morals charges from Portsmouth Naval Prison and had destroyed documents relevant to those cases.With the election just days away, events moved quickly. <mask> released his attack through the Republican National Committee on October 24, 1920. The next day <mask> countered with denials and called the charges "criminally libelous." His lawyer warned that "every newspaper giving currency to these charges will be held to full responsibility." He asked the U.S. District Attorney in New York Francis G. Caffey to consider a suit as well. Caffey found no grounds for a suit on behalf of the government. Instead, with the authorization of the Attorney General, he released <mask>'s two-year-old letter admitting his exaggerations and frauds related to German espionage.The letter now became <mask>'s "confession." <mask> defended himself at length, with what success is uncertain. The <mask>-<mask> battle ended without drama. <mask>'s attorney filed his libel suit on October 28, but never pursued it. <mask>'s ticket lost badly on November 2. When the Senate subcommittee later censured <mask>, <mask> claimed vindication, but the national press took little notice. Later years

<mask> continued to maintain a high profile, addressing public meetings and rallies, some patriotic in nature and others aligned with conservative causes.He joined the new Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, in warning against Bolshevik infiltration and violence. As an officer of the American Defense Society, he joined the campaign against President Wilson's proposed League of Nations, signing a statement of objections that pleaded for America to remain "aloof from all this pandemonium of tribal conflicts." It argued that the League's "impossible doctrines of the self-determination of races" directly contradicted the vision of America as a haven for "all the races of the earth." <mask>'s brand of nativism drew on his passionate isolationism and continued his pro-British stance. At a "patriotic mass meeting" in Carnegie Hall, he condemned those with divided loyalties. The recently defeated Germans were an easy target, and he chided English immigrants for failing to become citizens, but he spared nothing in denouncing the Irish, especially "that crew of hyphenates who seek to embroil us with Great Britain and who would be willing to see civilization totter and die if their hatred of England could thus be satisfied." From 1917 to 1922, he was elected annually to serve as a director of the Associated Press.In 1922 he served as president of the New England Daily Newspapers Association. The governments of Belgium and Italy honored him for his advocacy on behalf of American intervention in World War I. In August 1922 he underwent an operation from which he never fully recovered. He died at his home in Providence, Rhode Island on December 11, 1923 and was buried in Swan Point Cemetery where his grave is unmarked. <mask> was deeply involved in the Boy Scout movement from its arrival in Rhode Island in 1910. He served as a Council Scout Commissioner for six years and was credited with giving scouting a big boost during its formative stages. <mask> Lodge at Yawgoog Scout Reservation was named for him in 1929.Selected writing
 Two Chicago Sketches: When the City Wakes to Life; Lake Michigan in Calm and Storm. Providence: Livermore & Knight Co., 1910. "A Fight With a Muskallonge," Scribner's Magazine 31, May 1902. "Taps!," Scribner's Magazine 33, January/June 1903. "The Men in Control," Leslie's Monthly Magazine 58, May/October 1904. "New York's Great Subway," The Technical World, December 1904. "Germany's Plot Exposed," The World's Work 35, February 1918.Notes

Sources
Thomas Williams Bicknell, History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Biographical (NY: The American Historical Society, Inc. 1920). This fact-filled biography was based on information provided by <mask> himself. Garrett D. Byrnes and Charles H. Spilman, The Providence Journal 150 Years (Providence, RI: The Providence Journal Company, 1980)
Benjamin L. Miller, "The Primacy of the War Effort: Domestic Newspaper Coverage of the October Revolution of 1917" in Brown Journal of History, Spring 2007
Charles A. Collman, "The Mystery of <mask>e <mask>, President Wilson's Confidant," in The Fatherland: Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary, edited by George Sylvester Viereck, vol. 3, no. 21, 363-5. A pro-German attack that details <mask>'s anti-German stories and charges. David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents (NY: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2007)
TIME: "The Press: <mask><mask>," Dec. 24, 1923, accessed Dec, 10, 2009.TIME: "The Press: Conscience of New England," July 6, 1953. accessed Dec 10, 2009. 1868 births
1923 deaths
American newspaper publishers (people)
American male journalists
History of mass media in the United States
Burials in Rhode Island
San Francisco Chronicle people
Editors of Rhode Island newspapers
20th-century American newspaper editors
The Providence Journal people

masks:
John R
. Rathom
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
John Revelstoke Rathom
John Solomon
Rathom
Rathom
Rathom
Rathom
Theodore Roosevelt
Rathom
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Rat
Rathom
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John R
. Rathom
John R
. Rathom
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Rat
Rat
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Roosevelt
Rat
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Roosevelt
Rat
Rat
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Roosevelt
Roosevelt
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Roosevelt
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Roosevelt
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John Revtok
Rahom
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John R
. Rathom


title: Thomas Goffe

texts:
<mask> (1591–1629) was a minor Jacobean dramatist. Life

<mask> was born in Essex in 1591. He first studied at Westminster School where he had the status of a Queen's Scholar. Goffe received a scholarship on 3 November 1609 to attend Christ Church, Oxford. Here he received his bachelor of arts (B.A.) on 17 June 1613 and continued to get his master of arts (M.A. ), on 20 June 1616.While involved with acting and writing plays at Christ Church, <mask> continued school. On 3 July 1623, he acquired his bachelor of divinity and became licensed to preach shortly after on 11 July 1623. <mask> was asked to be a rector of the church in East Clandon, Surrey after receiving his B.D., an offer worth about eight pounds a year. (1) However, <mask> began delivering Latin orations and writing poems in tribute to Sir <mask> and Queen Anne of Denmark as well as to the dean of Christ Church, William Godwin. He lived alone the majority of his life because of his dislike for women. He was considered a women-hater and lived as a bachelor until he gave in to a woman and married her in East Clandon. This woman was the widow of <mask>'s predecessor and had pretended to fall in love with his preaching.He was warned by his good friend from Oxford, <mask>, that she will eventually break his heart and he would be better off without her. Unfortunately, <mask> went with his gut instinct, and was tortured by the marriage. She was consistently stubborn and disrespectful towards <mask> and his friend's. For instance, when few of <mask>'s friends from Oxford stopped by <mask>'s house, his wife looked at them with an "ill Eye" and served then eggs and milk for dinner. Embarrassed by his Wife's actions, <mask> ordered a better dinner for his friends the following night and gave them some wine. His wife and her children from her previous marriage continued to disrespect <mask> and are blamed for his death which occurred on 27 July 1629, shortly after his wedding day. His work

<mask> was an active playwright during his days at Christ Church.Since it is unknown the order in which his plays were written, scholars believe that his first play was most likely The Raging Turk, also titled Bajazet II. The play is a tragedy and was produced at Christ Church circa 1613–1618. However, the play was published after his death in 1631. <mask>'s second play in believed to be The Tragedy of Orestes which was produced circa 1613–1618 and published in 1633. His final play produced at the Christ Church was The Courageous Turk, or Amurath the First. It was produced on 21 September 1618 and published in 1632. All of his plays were published in 1 volume as Three Excellent Tragedies in 1656.There is no evidence available to verify the dates of these three plays. However, the structure, crude dialogue, and the use of, Richard Knolles's The General Historie of the Turkes as a source of inspiration, suggest that The Raging Turk is <mask>'s first play. Furthermore, <mask>'s The Courageous Turk, contains a few lines from the prologue that imply this was the third play to be acted in front of Christ Church. The lines are as follows:

"Our hope which intends,/
The sacred Muses Progeny to greet,/
Which under roofe, now the third time meet…"

The Raging Turk is a tragedy of Emperor Bajazet II, who is desperately trying to hold onto his power. However, plotting sons, and a usurping brother prevent him from doing so. While trying to prevent his successor, confusion consumes the people, and leads to the death of at least 16 lives. The end of the play resolves with Bajazet being poisoned, and his grandson Solyman is crowned emperor.Many scholars believe in this play, “<mask> appears to be fascinated with the reputed evil of the Turks and their insatiable greed. The Tragedy of Orestes is the story of Aegisthus’s murder of Agamemnon with Clytemnestra’s help. Orestes, unsure of who murdered his father, asks the help of his good friend, Plyades. Together, the two of them dress in disguise and let it be rumoured that they have killed themselves by jumping off a cliff. Orestes is told that if he brings his fathers bones to a magic woman named Canidia, she will reveal his father’s murderer. When the truth is revealed, Orestes kills the baby born of Aegisthus and his mother and forces the parents to drink the child’s blood. After Aegisthus and Clytemnestra are killed on stage, Orestes is denied the crown and banished.Eventually, Orestes and Pylades die by running on each other’s sword. The Courageous Turk breaks into two parts. The first part is concerned with Amurath’s passion for his concubine Eumorphe, his officers’ discontent with Amurath’s affair, and death of Eumorphe. The second part contains a series of events consisting of Amurath’s various war exploits in Serbia (Battle of Kosovo), the Christians' martial confusion, the marriage of Amurath's son Bajazet to Hatam, Amurath's conflict with his son-in-law Aladin, the mutual stabbing deaths of Amurath and the Christian Capitan Cobelitz, and the raising of Bajazet to Emperor with the subsequent death of his brother Jacup. Criticism and controversy

<mask>'s The Courageous Turk has received some unfavorable criticism. It has been called "all but unendurable" because of its "outrageous rant and bombast" by Felix Shelling in Elizabethan Drama (1908) and also called a "repulsive bombast" by Adolphus Ward in A History of English Dramatic Literature to the Death of Queen Anne (1875). However, The Courageous Turk's audience in the seventeenth-century liked the play because of the character of Amurath, the elaborate staging, the subject of Turkish history, and <mask>'s vision the frailty of kings and the ultimate reward given to Christians who fought against earth's heathens.There is specific evidence that suggests that <mask> knew of and responded to Seneca's Phoenissae. Two of his tragedies, Tragedy of Orestes and The Courageous Turk, contain speeches translated from Seneca's play. In The Courageous Turk, the speeches of a Turkish princess intervening in a quarrel between her father and husband are liberally adapted from a scene in Phoenissae in which Jocasta, the wife of Oedipus, comes between her warring sons. Ben Jonson said, in a conversation recorded by Bishop Plume, "So Tom Goff brings in Etiocles and Polynices." Ben Jonson was much admired at Christ Church, and may have been invited to read a manuscript play by <mask> on the theme of the Phoenissae. In addition, unlike many writers and producers of academic drama in the Jacobean era, <mask> was not contemptuous of popular theatre, and included many scenes and lines that were influenced by Hamlet and Antonio's Revenge in his tragedy, Orestes. Phoenissae has also been attributed to <mask>.It was probably performed at Christ Church in 1619 but is now lost. <mask> is also believed by some to have authored The Careless Shepherdess, a pastoral that was probably produced at Christ Church between 1618 and 1629, and later revised and produced by Queen Henrietta's Men around 1638. However, the argument against this belief is that <mask> could not have authored the pastoral because of the statement on the title page of The Careless Shepherdess, which states that it was acted at Salisbury Court, a theatre that did not open until after <mask> died. Writings by <mask>

 The Raging Turk or Bajazet II, Christ Church, Oxford, circa 1613–1618. The Tragedy of Orestes, Christ Church, Oxford, circa 1613–1618. The Courageous Turk, or Amurath the First, Christ Church, Oxford, 21 September 1618. The Careless Shepherdess, attributed with reservations to <mask>, Christ Church, Oxford, circa 1618–1629.Phoenissae, Christ Church, Oxford, 1619. Deliverance from the Grave. A sermon preached at Saint Maries Spittle, in London, on Wednesday 28 March 1627. Notes

1591 births
1629 deaths
17th-century English Anglican priests
English Renaissance dramatists
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
People from Essex
17th-century English dramatists and playwrights
17th-century English male writers

masks:
Thomas Goffe
Thomas Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Thomas Bodley
Goffe
Thomas Thimble
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Thomas Goffe
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Thomas Goffe
Goffe


title: Geoff Grover

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (19 September 1943 – 12 April 2017), was a former Australian rules footballer who played for two seasons with the Caulfield Grammarians Football Club in the Victorian Amateur Football Association, and was a business and marketing expert, who finished his career working in real estate on the Queensland Sunshine Coast. He played two senior games for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL), and two seasons with the St Kilda Reserves (including a Grand Final at the MCG in front of more than 100,000 people). He played 119 senior games for the Port Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), including the 1967 Grand Final against Dandenong Football Club. He represented the VFA at the 1966 Australian National Football Carnival in Hobart, the last time that a VFA team took part in any ANFC carnival. On leaving Port Melbourne at the end of 1971, he was captain coach of the Ferntree Gully Football Club in the Eastern Districts Football League in 1972 and 1973. Early life and education
The son of <mask> and <mask>, née McIntosh, <mask> was born in Glen Huntly, Victoria, on 19 September 1943. Educated at Albury Grammar School, Caulfield Grammar School, Monash University, and the University of Melbourne, <mask> has a Bachelor of Commerce (1968) from the University of Melbourne, and he also studied for a Master of Business Administration at Monash University.In his final year at Caulfield Grammar (1960) he was a prefect; he also played cricket for the school's First XI, and football for the school's First XVIII. Football
A strong, fearless, and tenacious footballer, who was quick on his feet. Even as a schoolboy, he was a strong overhead mark, a reliable long distance kick, and not afraid to run upfield and progress the ball. He was also remarkable in that he was left handed and right footed: bouncing and hand-balling as a left hander, and kicking as a right footer. VAFA
On leaving school he played nearly 40 senior matches for the Caulfield Grammarians Football Club in the VAFA in 1961 and 1962, including CGFC's Grand Final win in D Section in 1961. VFL
He was recruited from CGFC in 1963. In his first season at St Kilda, he was one of the best on the ground for the St Kilda team which beat North Melbourne 12.13 (85) to 9.12 (16) in the Reserve Grade preliminary final.He also played in the St Kilda Reserves team (with two of his Caulfield Grammar classmates, Graeme Vorrath and John Dowling) that lost the Grand Final against Geelong, 13.12 (90) to 7.11 (53), on Saturday, 5 October 1963, in front of a crowd of 101,452 spectators at the MCG. He made his senior league debut for St Kilda, playing at full back (in place of the injured Verdun Howell), on Saturday, 18 July 1964 (round 13), in a five-point loss to Footscray at the Western Oval, 10.10 (70) to 11.9 (75), in which his fellow Caulfield Grammarian, John Schultz, was best on ground. He also played against Hawthorn, the following week (Saturday, 25 July 1964), when St Kilda won by 30 points, 11.15 (81) to 7.9 (51). He played no more senior football at St Kilda. VFA
At the end of 1964, St Kilda played its last match at the Junction Oval, and moved its entire operation to the Moorabbin Oval. At the time, the demands of his employer (General Motors Holden at Fisherman's Bend) were such that <mask> was not able to travel all the way from Port Melbourne to Moorabbin to train as St Kilda demanded; and, so, at the beginning of the 1965 season, he was (amicably) cleared by St Kilda to Port Melbourne Football Club in the VFA. He continued to play with Port Melbourne until the end of the 1971 season, playing a total of 119 senior games, including three Grand Finals: in 1965, 1966, and 1967.He was one of the best on the ground for his team in its Grand Final loss to Waverley in 1965. He played a strong game at full-back for the Port Melbourne 1966 Grand Final team that thrashed Waverley, 13.12 (90) to 6.11 (47). 1967 VFA Grand Final

On Sunday, 24 September 1967, the VFA Grand Final was contested between Port Melbourne and Dandenong at the Punt Road Oval, Richmond. Playing at full-back, <mask> was one of the best on the ground for Port Melbourne in what was "indisputably one of the most infamous matches in Australian football history", when an exhausted Port Melbourne eventually lost to a bigger and stronger Dandenong team 16.13 (109) to 12.12 (84). VFA representative

He represented the VFA in the 1966 Hobart Carnival, playing strongly, at full-back, in three of the team's games (he one of the team's best players in each of the three matches): against Tasmania's champion full-forward, Peter Hudson, on Saturday 11 June 1966, against Victoria's captain and full-forward, Ted Whitten (who played at full-forward in place of the injured Ken Fraser), on Monday, 13 June 1966, and against South Australia's champion full-forward <mask>, on Thursday 16 June 1966. He played so well at full-back in his three games that, even though one of his opponents, Peter Hudson, was selected at full-forward for the 1966 All-Australian team of 20 players, at the end of the carnival, <mask> would have been selected if the organizers, as they had done in the 1953 team, the 1956 team, and the 1958 team, had selected a player from the VFA. EDFL
Having played 119 senior games for Port Melbourne, he became captain/coach of the Ferntree Gully ("Eagles") Football Club in the Eastern Districts Football League for two seasons: 1972 and 1973.He left Ferntree Gully, and retired from football, when his employer, the Ford Motor Company, offered him a substantial promotion to its West Australian operation in Perth. Recognition
In 2003, in recognition of his consistent performance and overall excellence in an era of very tough football, in a very tough competition, he was nominated as a candidate for the position of full-back in Port Melbourne's "Team of the Century". After football
An able scholar, a dedicated team player, and developing into a strong leader on and off the sports field, <mask> held a number of senior sales and marketing positions with Ford Motor Company in Victoria and in Western Australia, culminating in that of National Sales and Marketing Manager (Commercial Vehicles) at the company's Head Office at Broadmeadows. He was also the Managing Director at Innova Design Furniture, in Brisbane; and, later, the Queensland State Manager of the software company, Concept Systems International, before devoting himself to real estate, specializing in resort development and residential property. He was a licensed real estate agent, working from Mount Coolum, in Queensland, and was the Managing Director of Ranelagh Pty Ltd., a business consultancy that provides management services and strategic marketing advice, as well as providing book-keeping and software services. In the 1980s he was National President of the Furniture Manufacturers Association. He contributed widely to the community as Chairman of State and National Industry Association bodies, Past President of the Kenmore Junior Cricket & Australian Sporting Association, Past President of the P & C of Brisbane Boys' College, Past Body Corporate Chairman of the Coolum Fairways Resort and the Seaside Villas complex, and was a member of the Mt.Coolum Golf Club. See also
 List of Caulfield Grammar School people
 List of University of Melbourne people
 List of Monash University people
 1967 VFA Grand Final

Footnotes

References

 Caulfield Grammarians Complete Player List: Season Debut & Player Number, Caulfield Grammarians Football Club, 2015. Port Melbourne Football Club Player List (1886-2017), portmelbournefc.com.au. Devaney, J., Full Points Footy: Encyclopedia of Australian Football Clubs Volume One, Full Points Publications, (Lincoln), 2008. Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed.Melbourne: Bas Publishing. Australian National Football Council (ANFC), "Player Details", Australian National Football Championships: Programme, Saturday, 11th June 1966, (Hobart), 1966. Webber, H., Years May Pass On... Caulfield Grammar School, 1881–1981, Centenary Committee, Caulfield Grammar School, (East St Kilda), 1981. 1943 births
2017 deaths
People educated at Caulfield Grammar School
University of Melbourne alumni
Monash University alumni
Caulfield Grammarians Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Port Melbourne Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian businesspeople

masks:
Geoffrey David
Geoff
Grover
William David Grover
Roma Dolores Grover
Geoffrey David Grover
Geoff
Geoff
Geoff
Geoff Kingston
Geoff
Geoff


title: David Mazzucchelli

texts:
<mask> (; born September 21, 1960) is an American comics artist and writer, known for his work on seminal superhero comic book storylines Daredevil: Born Again and Batman: Year One, as well as for graphic novels in other genres, such as Asterios Polyp and City of Glass: The Graphic Novel. He is also an instructor who teaches comic book storytelling at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. <mask> received his BFA from the Rhode Island School of Design, and started working in comics in the early 1980s, first at Marvel Comics where, after a few fill-in jobs, he became the regular artist on Daredevil. He worked with writer Denny O'Neil and culminated his work on this title with the Daredevil: Born Again story arc, written by Frank Miller. Miller and <mask> collaborated again on the graphic novel Batman: Year One, serialized in issues #404–407 of DC Comics' monthly Batman title, and published in a single volume shortly afterwards. Batman: Year One is considered one of the best Batman stories ever produced. <mask> had previously drawn Batman in a five page backup story in World's Finest Comics #302 (April 1984).After Batman: Year One, Mazzucchelli drew an Angel story in Marvel Fanfare #40 (Oct. 1988). He then moved on to focus on more personal projects. He published three issues of his own independent anthology, Rubber Blanket, co-edited by his wife, painter Richmond Lewis, in which he began finding his voice as a writer in addition to exploring new avenues of visual expression. His evocative and haunting stories in Rubber Blanket, notably "Near Miss," "Dead Dog," "Discovering America," and "Big Man," set the stage for his work to come. <mask>'s work in Rubber Blanket, and especially his use of two-color printing to create his artwork, influenced a number of young indie-comics artists through the 1990s and 2000s, including Darwyn Cooke, Frank Santoro, and Dash Shaw. With writer/artist Paul Karasik, he co-wrote and illustrated an adaptation of Paul Auster's City of Glass, published first by Avon Books in 1994, then by Picador in 2004 as City of Glass: The Graphic Novel. Auster's later book The Brooklyn Follies features a character with the name Nancy Mazzucchelli, an homage to <mask>.He continued to write and draw short comics for various publishers until 2000. Mazzucchelli was one of the artists on the Superman and Batman: World's Funnest one-shot written by Evan Dorkin. In 2009, Pantheon Books published Mazzucchelli's graphic novel, Asterios Polyp. The book was named a New York Times Notable Book for that year, and won the 2010 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for graphic novels. Mazzucchelli has done illustrations for various publications, including interior pieces and covers for The New Yorker In 2011, an animated adaptation of Batman: Year One was released by Warner Home Video. Mazzucchelli has taught a cartooning course for BFA students at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. Awards
2009 Los Angeles Times Book Prize Graphic Novel Award
2010 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards, Best Graphic Album—New; Best Writer/Artist; Best Lettering (for Asterios Polyp)
2010 Harvey Awards, Best Original Graphic Album; Best Single Issue or Story; Best Letterer (for Asterios Polyp)
Japan-U.S.Friendship Commission Creative Artist Fellowship
Morning Manga Fellowship
New Jersey State Council on the Arts
Erwin Swann Award, Swann Foundation for Caricature and Cartoon
2012 HQ Mix Award for Foreign Artist (for Asterios Polyp)
2012 HQ Mix Award for Foreign Writer (for Asterios Polyp)

Bibliography

Shang-Chi, Master of Kung Fu #121: "Passing Strangers!" (with Steven Grant, Marvel, 1983)
The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones #14: "Demons" (with <mask>e, Marvel, 1984)
World's Finest Comics #302: "No Rest for Heroes!" (with <mask> Kraft, DC Comics, 1984)
Daredevil (Marvel):
 "Every Good and Perfect Gift..." (with Dennis O'Neil, in #206, 1984)
 "The Deadliest Night of My Life!" (with Harlan Ellison and Arthur Byron Cover, in #208, 1984)
 "Blast from the Past" (with Arthur Byron Cover, in #209, 1984)
 "The War on Micah Synn" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #210–214, 1984–1985)
 "Prophecy" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #215, 1985)
 "The Second Secret" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #216–217, 1985)
 "Fog" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #220–221, 1985)
 "Fear in a Handful of Dust..." (with Dennis O'Neil, in #222, 1985)
 "The Price" (with Dennis O'Neil and Jim Shooter, in #223, 1985)
 "...And Then You Die!" (with Dennis O'Neil, in #225, 1985)
 "Warriors" (with Dennis O'Neil and Frank Miller, in #226, 1986)
 "Born Again" (with Frank Miller, in #227–233, 1986)
Star Wars #84: "Seoul Searching" (with Roy Richardson, Marvel, 1984)
Marvel Team-Up Annual #7: "No Place to Run" (with Bob DeNatale, co-feature, Marvel, 1984)
Batman #404–407: "Year One" (with Frank Miller, DC Comics, 1987)
X-Factor #16: "Playing with Fire!" (with Louise Simonson, Marvel, 1987)
Marvel Fanfare #40: "Chiaroscuro" (with Ann Nocenti, anthology, Marvel, 1988)
Rubber Blanket #1–3 (script and art, self-published anthology, 1991–1993)
Nozone #3, 5–6 (script and art, anthology, 1991–1995)
Drawn & Quarterly (script and art, anthology):
 "It's a Beautiful Day in the Epsilon-Neighborhood" (in vol. 1 #9, 1992)
 "Rates of Exchange" (in vol.2 #2, 1994)
Bill & Ted's Excellent Comic Book #2 (with Stephen DeStefano – inks on Evan Dorkin, Marvel, 1992)
Snake Eyes #3: "Phobia" (script and art, anthology, Fantagraphics Books, 1993)
Paul Auster's City of Glass (with Paul Karasik, graphic novel, Avon Books, 1994)
Zero Zero #2, 11, 27 (script and art, anthology, Fantagraphics Books, 1995–2000)
Jingle Belle #1: "Miserable on 34th Street" (inks on Stephen DeStefano, written by Paul Dini, Oni Press, 1999)
Superman and Batman: World's Funnest: "Last Imp Standing!" 2 #4: "Rubber Blanket: Voices from the Small Press" (interview, 1995)
Panel Discussions: Design in Sequential Art Storytelling (interview, TwoMorrows, 2002)
Comic Book Artist vol. 2 #6: "Paying Homage: Tribute to the Great Will Eisner" (Top Shelf, 2005)

Newspapers and magazines
 "Castles in the Sand" (cover of The New Yorker, July 26, 1993)
 "The Fine Art of Hanging Ryman" (in The New Yorker, October 4, 1993)
 "May Day" (cover of The New Yorker, May 2, 1994)
 "Post Mort on Columbus Circle" (in The New Yorker, May 16, 1994)
 "Monday in the Park with Marlon" (in The New Yorker, September 19, 1994)
 "Fall" (cover of The New Yorker, October 24, 1994)
 "New String" (in The Village Voice, 1994)

References

External links

 <mask>li at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
 David Mazzucchelli at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creatore

1960 births
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
Alternative cartoonists
American comics artists
American comics writers
American people of Italian descent
American art educators
DC Comics people
Eisner Award winners for Best Letterer/Lettering
Living people
Marvel Comics people
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
School of Visual Arts

masks:
David John Mazzucchelli
Career Mazzucchelli
Mazzucchelli
Mazzucchelli
Mazzucchelli
David
David Michelini
David Anthony
David Mazzucchel


title: John Riel Casimero

texts:
<mask> (born February 13, 1990) is a Filipino professional boxer. He has held world championships in three weight classes; the WBO bantamweight title from 2019 to 2021; the IBF junior-flyweight title from 2012 to 2013; and the IBF flyweight title in 2016. Quadro Alas is Tagalog for four of a kind when translated, his moniker means Four Aces. Professional career

Early career
On August 23, 2008, just a year after turning pro, <mask> defeated Rodel Quilaton for the then vacant Philippines Boxing Federeration (PBF) flyweight title, winning a unanimous decision (UD) through ten rounds. Following the bout, <mask> moved down one division, to light flyweight, defeating Liempetch Sor Veerapol of Thailand by technical knockout (TKO) in the fifth round to claim the then vacant WBO Asia Pacific Light Flyweight title. <mask> successfully defended that title two bouts later against Ardin Diale, until he got the biggest break of his career. On December 19, 2009, in Managua, Nicaragua, <mask> won the then-vacant interim WBO light flyweight title, by defeating former interim WBA Light Flyweight champion César Canchila of Colombia.Canchila had a record of 28–2 coming into the bout, with his last loss coming from current WBA light flyweight world champion Giovanni Segura, whom he previously defeated for the interim title. <mask> gave a spectacular performance, the fight being his first outside his home country. He was able to knockdown Canchila multiple times until the referee finally stopped the bout in the 11th round of the scheduled 12 round interim title fight. This win can give <mask> a title shot against Iván Calderón of Puerto Rico, who previously defeated Filipino boxer Rodel Mayol. <mask> fought Ramón García Hirales on July 3, 2010, for his first defense of the interim WBO light flyweight title but lost by split decision. <mask> got his first shot at a world title when he challenged Moruti Mthalane of South Africa for the IBF flyweight title on March 26, 2011. He was, however, stopped by the South African in five rounds, therefore marking his second career loss.IBF light-flyweight champion

<mask> vs. Lazarte
On February 11, 2012, Casimero, and members of his team were kicked and assaulted when fans in Mar del Plata hurled chairs and stormed the ring following his 10th-round knockout of local Argentine fighter Luis Alberto Lazarte for the IBF interim junior flyweight championship. After the riot, police escorted Casimero and his team to their hotel and provided protection for them. Lazarte later visited to apologize. The Philippines has filed a diplomatic protest to the Argentine government after Argentine fans attacked Casimero in the ring after winning the title bout. Philippine Foreign Affairs spokesman Raul Hernandez stated that the Philippine Embassy in Buenos Aires filed a protest with Argentina's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and is awaiting an explanation. Lazarte was banned by IBF for threat, sparking a ring riot. On July 19, 2012, <mask> was upgraded to the status of full IBF junior flyweight champion because of the inability of Ulises Solis to defend his title on or before October 30.Successful title defenses
On his first defense of the IBF junior flyweight title, Casimero faced Pedro Guevara of Mexico on August 4, 2012. He scored a knockdown in the opening round and fought to a split decision victory. He successfully made a second defense of his title against WBC Latino light flyweight champion Luis Alberto Rios on March 16, 2013. His third defense was against Felipe Salguero on October 26, 2013 and he won by eleventh-round knockout. IBF flyweight champion

Casimero vs. Ruenroeng I and II
Following his win against Mauricio Fuentes and Armando Santos, Casimero moved back up to the flyweight division. On June 27, 2015, he lost his return to flyweight bout via unanimous decision against IBF champion Amnat Ruenroeng in a controversial match. On May 25, 2016, Casimero challenged Ruenroeng again for the IBF flyweight title and knocked him out with a vicious left hook to the body in the fourth round to become a two-division world champion.Casimero vs. Edwards
In his second title defence, Casimero faced undefeated Charlie Edwards, on September 10, 2016 on the undercard of Gennady Golovkin vs. Kell Brook at The O2 Arena in London, England. Casimero was on the offensive for most of the fight, as Edwards was unable to deal with Casimero's ring craft. Casimero upped the pace in the tenth round, and dropped Edwards with a left hook. Edwards beat the count, but as soon as he got up, Casimero unleashed a flurry of punches towards the challenger, which prompted the referee to end the fight immediately. Bantamweight
Following <mask>'s successful title defense against Charlie Edwards in September 2016, he moved up in weight, fighting in non-title bouts at super-flyweight, bantamweight and even one bout against Jose Pech at featherweight before settling at the bantamweight division, where he defeated Ricardo Espinoza Franco via twelfth-round knockout to win the WBO interim bantamweight title in his first fight in the United States on April 20, 2019. He defended the interim title on August 24, 2019 against Cesar Ramirez, winning via tenth-round knockout, to become full WBO bantamweight titleholder Zolani Tete's mandatory challenger, setting up a showdown with Tete. WBO bantamweight champion

Casimero vs. Tete
On 30 November 2019, Casimero challenged Zolani Tete for his WBO bantamweight title in Birmingham, England.Despite Tete being the favorite for the fight, <mask> scored a third-round knockout over the long-reigning champion to capture his WBO bantamweight title. The victory meant that <mask> became a three-division world champion. <mask> vs. Micah
Casimero had been scheduled to face undefeated unified bantamweight champion Naoya Inoue in a unification clash on April 25, 2020, but the COVID-19 pandemic caused the fight to be cancelled. He instead faced Duke Micah, ranked #11 by the WBO, in his first WBO bantamweight title defense on September 26, 2020 on the undercard of The Charlos vs. Dereyvanchenko and Rosario. <mask> recorded another stoppage win, again in the third round, to retain his WBO belt. <mask> vs. Rigondeaux
Casimero faced two-time Olympic gold medalist Guillermo Rigondeaux on August 14, 2021. It was announced on June 19 that WBC champion Nonito Donaire would replace Rigondeaux, but when the fight between <mask> and Donaire fell apart over insults directed at Donaire's wife, Rigondeaux stepped back in to fight Casimero as had been originally planned.In a low-key affair that saw the CompuBox record broken for fewest combined landed punches in a 12-round fight, Casimero pressured his opponent all night, fighting on the front foot and throwing more punches than Rigondeaux, who was reluctant to engage. Casimero was rewarded with a split decision victory, with scores of 117-111 and 116-112 in his favor, and 115-113 in favor of Rigondeaux. In his post-fight interview, Casimero criticized his opponent's extremely passive gameplan, saying "I'm focused on [the] knockout, but Rigondeaux always runs. Rigondeaux just always runs. No fighting." He continued by reaffirming that it is his intention to unify the bantamweight division, targeting the division's other titleholders, Nonito Donaire and Naoya Inoue. Casimero concluded his interview by issuing the middle finger to Inoue.Professional boxing record

Exhibition boxing record

Controversy

Acts of Lasciviousness
Casimero is facing a case of “Acts of Lasciviousness and RA 7610” the case involves the alleged molestation of a 17-year-old, whom the boxer had invited to his hotel room in Taguig last June 7, 2021. The complaint was filed on February 11, 2022 according to Southern Police District. Casimero's brother and trainer, Jayson, said the complaint was “fabricated” and that their camp knows who is behind the case. He also stated that their lawyer will issue a statement regarding the matter. Personal life
Casimero has two daughters named Princess Yuri and Ivana from a previous relationship. Entertainment career

Internet
Casimero has two YouTube channels: Quadro Alas it’s my boy, that serves as his training camp channel managed by his brother and trainer Jayson has 317,000 subscribers as of February 2022, and Quadro alas tv vlog, that serves as his personal channel and has 16,000 subscribers as of February 2022. See also
 List of light-flyweight boxing champions
 List of flyweight boxing champions
 List of bantamweight boxing champions
 List of Filipino boxing world champions

References

External links

<mask> <mask> - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

1990 births
Living people
Light-flyweight boxers
Flyweight boxers
Super-flyweight boxers
World light-flyweight boxing champions
World flyweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
World Boxing Organization champions
People from Ormoc
Boxers from Leyte (province)
People from Mandaue
Filipino male boxers

masks:
John Riel Reponte Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
Casimero
John Riel
Casimero


title: Farag Foda

texts:
<mask> (, ; 20 August 1945  – 8 June 1992)  was a prominent Egyptian professor, writer, columnist, and human rights activist. He was assassinated on 8 June 1992 by members of the Islamist group El Gama'a El Islamya (Islamic Group) after being accused of blasphemy by a committee of scholars  (ulama)  at al-Azhar. <mask> was one of 202 people killed by "Islamist motivated assaults" in Egypt between March 1992 and September 1993. In December 1992, his collected works were banned. Biography and background
<mask> was born in El Zarqa near Damietta in the Nile Delta. He worked as professor of agriculture. He wrote numerous books and contributed as a columnist to the Egyptian magazine October.<mask> wrote during a time of Islamic revival and growing influence of Islamism, both violent and non-violent. In Iran, Islamists had overthrown the Shah in 1979. In 1983, Hezbollah suicide bombers destroyed the barracks of the American and French troops stationed in Beirut, killing hundreds. In Egypt, some who were claiming that they are Marxist intellectuals (such as Muhammad Imara or Tariq al-Bishri) converted to Islamism. Long beards became common and the hijab became an obligatory norm rather than the exception in universities and government offices. In the early 1980s, Islamic radicals assassinated president Anwar Sadat and attacked Coptic Orthodox churches, homes, and shops. In some villages in which the government lacks power or authority, Copts reported extortion by way of jizya; from 1992-1998, Islamists including Islamic Group that assassinated <mask> fought an insurgency against the Egyptian government during which at least 796 Egyptian policemen, soldiers, and civilians including dozens of foreign tourists were killed.Muslim Brotherhood ideologue Yusuf al-Qaradawi blamed the extremist violence in part on the failure to give Islam "the place it deserves in government, legislation and guidance." Views and opinions
Among the few who defended secularism and ‘Western’ human rights, was <mask> <mask>. <mask> was noted for his critical articles and satires of Islamic fundamentalism in Egypt. In many newspaper articles, he pointed out (what he believed to be) weak points in Islamist ideology and its demand for Sharia law, asking how it would deal with specific problems such as the housing shortage. He specifically criticized leading Islamist figures such as Anwar al-Jundi -- who had praised the secularist, anti-Muslim Brotherhood regime of Gamal Abdel-Nasser in a 1965 book -- and Muhammad al-Hayyawan -- a Muslim Brotherhood leader who had attributed the 1988 Armenian earthquake to God’s punishment of the ‘atheist’ Soviet Union, but offered no explanation for the equally deadly 1990 earthquake in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Though accused of apostasy, <mask> argued he was defending Islam against its distortion by Islamists, stating ‘Islam is a religion and Muslims are human beings; religion is blameless, while humans make mistakes’. After an Islamist periodical condemned as  immoral the broadcast of the ballet Swan Lake on television, he argued that the problem lays within "the onlooker or viewer (mushahid) rather than the looked upon view or what is viewed (mushahad)" and quoted passages from a 1979 book The Jurisprudence of Looking in Islam, which directs men to avoid looking at both women and males and, "in particular, smooth-faced boys".In a column in October magazine shortly before his death, he lamented that "the world around us is busy with the conquest of space, genetic engineering and the wonders of the computer," while Muslim scholars concern themselves with sex in paradise. Assassination
On 8 June 1992, <mask>, after leaving his office, was shot dead by two assassins. His son and other bystanders were seriously wounded in the attack. The two gunmen had reportedly been "monitoring <mask> <mask>’s movements and watching his house in al-Nuzha area in Heliopolis for several weeks". The jihadist group Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya announced responsibility. Before his death, <mask> <mask> had been accused of blasphemy by Al-Azhar. The Al-Azhar ulama had thereby adopted a previous fatwā by Sheikh al-Azhar, Jadd al-Haqq, accusing <mask> and other secularist writers of being "enemies of Islam".In a statement claimed responsibility for the killing, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya accused <mask> of being an apostate from Islam, advocating the separation of religion from the state, and favouring the existing legal system in Egypt rather than the application of Shari’a. The group explicitly referred to a  religious fatwa of Al-Azhar when announcing responsibility. Eight of the thirteen Islamists brought to trial for the murder were subsequently acquitted. One of those involved in <mask>'s murder, Abu El'Ela Abdrabu (Abu Al-'Ela Abd Rabbo), was released from prison in 2012 having served his sentence. In an interview which aired on Al-Arabiya TV on June 14, 2013 (as translated by MEMRI), Abdrabu defended <mask>'s murder, stating that "The punishment for an apostate is death, even if he repents" and that "...[if] the ruler does not implement the shari'a, any of the citizens is entitled to carry out punishment of Allah." Abdrabu also stated that "<mask> <mask> is dead, and will receive his  in the Hereafter." When asked about the feelings of <mask>'s children, Abdrabu accused the interviewer of using "venomous methods" against him, and then stated "let me ask you if you were not harmed by someone who cursed the Prophet and his wives?What gives you greater pain and sorrow? If you say that <mask> <mask> is a believer, then you should reexamine your faith." <mask>'s eldest daughter  Samar has rebutted the claims about her father's alleged apostasy, stating: "My father was a thinker in the full sense of the word and wholeheartedly defended moderate religion. I challenge his killers if they could spot a single text in his writings against religion." Published works
<mask> wrote 12 books in Arabic:

The Absent Truth
Dialogue About Sharia
The Harbinger
Sectarianism  To Where? Before The Fall – 1st Print 1985. 2nd Print 1995
Dialogue About  Secularism – 1st Print 1993.2nd Print 2005
The Warning – 1st Print 1989. 2nd Print 2005
The Played  – 1st Print 1985. 2nd Print 2004
To Be or Not to Be – 1st Print 1988. 2nd Print 2004
Pleasure Marriage – 1st Print 1990. 2nd Print 2004
The Ponzi Scheme
So the Words Will Not Be in the Air

See also

Apostasy in Islam
Human rights in Egypt
Terrorism in Egypt

References

1946 births
1992 deaths
Egyptian columnists
Egyptian nationalists
Egyptian writers
Egyptian activists
Egyptian secularists
Egyptian democracy activists
Egyptian human rights activists
Assassinated Egyptian journalists
Deaths by firearm in Egypt
Egyptian agriculturalists
People from Cairo
Secularism in the Middle East
Liberal and progressive movements within Islam
Terrorism deaths in Egypt
Journalists killed in Egypt
Egyptian liberalists
Egyptian social democrats
Egyptian socialists
20th-century journalists
Muslim socialists

masks:
Farag Foda
Farag Foda
Farag Foda
Foda
Foda
Farag
Foda
Foda
Foda
Foda
Farag
Foda
Farag
Foda
Foda
Foda
Foda
Foda
Farag
Foda
Foda
Farag
Foda
Foda
Foda


title: Helmut Bergmann

texts:
<mask> (26 May 1920 – 6 August 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a night fighter ace credited with 36 enemy aircraft shot down in 135 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front in nocturnal Defense of the Reich missions against the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command. Born in Bochum, Bergmann volunteered for military service in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany in 1939 after finishing school. Following flight training, he was initially posted to Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) in 1941 before he transferred to Nachtjagdgeschwader 4 (NJG 4—4th Night Fighter Wing). He claimed his first aerial victory on 19/20 September 1942 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944. Two months later, on 6 August 1944, he and his crew were killed in action during Operation Lüttich. Early life and career
Bergmann was born on 26 May 1920 in Bochum, the son of <mask> who later served as a Major in the Luftwaffe, and his wife Edith.In his childhood, Bergmann was a member of the Hitler Youth and underwent his recruit training in Straubing. He then received his flight training at the Flugzeugführerschule A/B in Eger, present-day Cheb in the Czech Republic. He was then selected to train as a night fighter pilot and posted to the blind flying school Blindflugschule 3 (BFS 3—3rd blind flying school) at Schwäbisch Hall. There, he trained together with Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer. After completing pilot training in July 1941, he was assigned to the Ergänzungsstaffel (Training/Supplement Squadron) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing) on 15 July. World War II

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, bombing missions by the Royal Air Force (RAF) shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign. By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line.It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector, named a Himmelbett (canopy bed), would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942. Bergmann was assigned to 7. Staffel (7th squadron) of Nachtjagdgeschwader 4 (NJG 4—4th Night Fighter Wing) on 1 May 1942. He was credited with his first aerial victory on 19/20 September 1942, an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley bomber, claimed shot down at 00:01 approximately  south of Verdun.Bergmann was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 April 1943. On 22 April, he was appointed Staffelkapitän of 8. Staffel of NJG 4. On 23 June 1943, Bergmann and his crew were forced to bail out of their Messerschmitt Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 5334—factory number) following aerial combat north of Harderwijk and were injured. 10/11 April 1944
Bergmann claimed seven Avro Lancaster bombers shot down in 46 minutes on the night of 10/11 April 1944, all from an RAF Bomber Command raid on the Aulnoye-Aymeries rail marshalling yard on the Franco-Belgian frontier. All of his seven claims were confirmed and 38 Allied aircrew were killed. This was Bergmann's most successful sortie, making him an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time.His first aerial victory of the night was Lancaster ND586 from No. 460 Squadron RAAF was shot down at 02:20 in the vicinity of Vieux-Mareuil. At 02:30, north of Solesmes, he shot down Lancaster LL830 from No. 576 Squadron RAF, 5 minutes later followed by Lancaster ND844 from No. 12 Squadron RAF. His fourth Lancaster of the night was claimed at 02:43 north of Achiet-le-Petit. At 02:50, he attacked Lancaster JB732 from No.103 Squadron RAF which crashed at Méharicourt. Lancaster DV288 from No. 101 Squadron RAF claimed at 02:54 became his sixth aerial victory of the night. His seventh and last Lancaster shot down that night was claimed at 03:06 over Lancaster MD636 from No. 625 Squadron RAF. Knight's Cross and death
On 4 May 1944, Bergmann was transferred to 6. Staffel of NJG 4.That evening, he claimed five further aerial victories. On 9 June 1944, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () following his 34th aerial victory. The award documentation was signed on 27 September 1944, at the time, Bergmann and his crew were considered missing in action. On 6 August 1944, <mask> and his crew - radar operator Feldwebel Gunter Hauthal and air gunner Feldwebel Willie Schopp - were shot down and killed in their Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 140320) at Mortain on the Cotentin Peninsula. Flight Lieutenant John Surman, flying a Mosquito of No. 604 Squadron RAF, may have shot them down as he claimed a Bf 110 destroyed. However, friendly fire from the 1st SS Leibstandarte Panzer division who were launching Operation Lüttich, the counterattack at Mortain may have been responsible.Following the battle, his remains were found and temporarily buried. He was later reinterred at the Marigny German war cemetery (Block 3—Row 31—Grave 1182). Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to Spick, Bergmann was credited with 36 nocturnal aerial victories, claimed in approximately 135 combat missions. Foreman, Matthews and Parry, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, list 34 nocturnal victory claims, numerically ranging from 1 to 35, not listing his 18th claim. Matthews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Bergmann with 33 claims, plus two further unconfirmed claims. Awards
 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 25 June 1943 as Leutnant and pilot
 German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as Oberleutnant in the 8./Nachtjagdgeschwader 4
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän of the 8./Nachtjagdgeschwader 4

See also
Wilhelm Herget - claimed eight RAF bombers in just 50 minutes during a raid against Frankfurt on the night of 20 December 1943. Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1920 births
1944 deaths
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
German military personnel killed in World War II
Aviators killed by being shot down
People from Bochum
People from the Province of Westphalia
Missing in action of World War II
Aerial disappearances of military personnel in action
Hitler Youth members

masks:
Helmut Bergmann
Heinrich Bergmann
Bergmann