title: Carlton Fisk

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<mask> (born December 26, 1947), nicknamed "Pudge" and "The Commander", is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a catcher from 1969 to 1993 for the Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) and Chicago White Sox (1981–1993). He was the first player to be unanimously voted American League Rookie of the Year (1972). <mask> is best known for "waving fair" his game-winning home run in the 12th inning of Game 6 of the 1975 World Series. At the time of his retirement, <mask> held the record for most home runs all-time by a catcher with 351 (since surpassed by Mike Piazza). He has held several age- or longevity-related records, including the record for most games played at the position of catcher with 2,226 (later surpassed by Iván Rodríguez). <mask> still holds the American League record for most years served behind the plate (24).<mask> was voted to the All-Star team 11 times and won three Silver Slugger Awards which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position. <mask> was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000. Early life
<mask> was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont, but according to <mask>, that was only because Vermont had the nearest hospital to his hometown, Charlestown, New Hampshire. He was raised by his parents, Leona and Cecil, along with older brother Calvin, younger brothers Conrad and Cedric and younger sisters Janet and Julie. He grew up in Charlestown, across the Connecticut River from Bellows Falls. <mask> attended Charlestown High School, where he played baseball (under Coach Ralph Silva), soccer, and basketball. Because his family is from New Hampshire, he insisted that the organization remove from his plaque in the Red Sox Hall of Fame its characterization of him as a Vermont native.<mask> earned his longtime nickname, "Pudge", because he was a chubby youngster. He played on the Charlestown High baseball team, appearing at third base, catcher and pitcher for Coach Silva. Two of his teammates were his brothers Calvin and Conrad, who were drafted by the Baltimore Orioles and Montreal Expos, respectively, but never made it to the minors due to Calvin's being drafted and inducted into military service during the Vietnam War and Conrad hurting his arm. Since the high school baseball season was limited to 17 games annually due to the inclement New England weather, he also played in the American Legion baseball league in 1964, appearing with the team from Claremont, New Hampshire. In 1965, he played for the Legion Post 37 team in Bellows Falls that had won the 1964 Vermont State Championship. <mask> excelled at basketball. When he was a sophomore, he was a starter and helped Charlestown to an undefeated season and the 1963 New Hampshire Class M championship.His play in a 1965 high school basketball tournament in the Boston Garden drew the attention of Boston Celtics owner Walter Brown, who told a local reporter, "You have got to tell me—who is that kid?" <mask> had 42 points and 38 rebounds in the 1965 state tournament semifinal loss to Hopkinton High School. He was awarded a basketball scholarship by the University of New Hampshire, where he started for the UNH Wildcats while also playing baseball. He met his wife Linda Foust while at UNH. The freshman team that <mask> played for was undefeated for the 1965–66 season. In 1966, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Orleans Cardinals. In his sophomore year, the Red Sox drafted him in the first round of the January 1967 amateur draft, and his athletic future was set.<mask> gave up his dreams of basketball glory. "I could never be a six-foot-two power forward and play for the Celtics," he said. Professional career

Minor leagues
In 1967, <mask> played briefly for the Red Sox team in the Florida Instructional League, hitting .195 with 0 HR and 0 RBI in 47 at bats. In 1968, <mask> played for the Waterloo Hawks, the Red Sox' Class A affiliate in the Midwest League. In 62 games, <mask> hit .338 with 12 HR and 34 RBI. <mask> played 28 games for the Red Sox in the Florida Instructional League in 1969, hitting .245 with 4 HR and 19 RBI. He then played for the Class AA Pittsfield Red Sox of the Eastern League, where he hit .243 with 10 HR and 41 RBI in 97 games and 309 at-bats.Finally, he made his major league debut, appearing in 2 games for the Boston Red Sox in 1969. In 1970, <mask> played for the Class AA Pawtucket Red Sox, where he batted .229 with 12 HR and 44 RBI in 93 games. <mask> played for the Class AAA Louisville Colonels of the International League in 1971, hitting .263 with 10 HR and 43 RBI in 93 games, before being called up to the Boston Red Sox. Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980)

<mask> joined the Army Reserve in 1967, as did many other major leaguers and prospects during the Vietnam War. After a short stint of active duty at Fort Dix, New Jersey, where <mask> finished his initial training, he served as a member of the 393rd Service and Supply Battalion in Chester, Vermont, completing monthly weekend drills and two-week annual training periods until 1971. <mask> was once again called up from the minors at the end of 1971 and earned himself a place on Boston's 1972 spring training roster. As history would have it, <mask> broke into the major leagues (to stay) early in the 1972 season.Boston manager Darrell Johnson, whom <mask> credited for making him a major leaguer, taught <mask> how to be a leader, a field general for the team. Playing with abandon and all-out aggressiveness was one thing, channeling energy intelligently was another. "Johnson taught me to think about all the important facets of the catcher's role, the things that help pitchers in various ways and those that let your teammates know you want to win," he told an interviewer in 1973. On September 12, 1971, <mask> hit his first career home run off of Detroit's Les Cain at Tiger Stadium. In , <mask> batted .293 with 22 home runs, and a .909 OPS. In addition, he led the American League with nine triples (tied with Oakland's Joe Rudi), and was the last catcher to lead the AL in this statistical category. His play earned him both the AL Gold Glove and AL Rookie of the Year awards.He was selected unanimously for the latter award, becoming the first unanimous AL Rookie of the Year. He also finished fourth in American League MVP voting. In June 1974, <mask> suffered a devastating knee injury when Leron Lee of the Cleveland Indians collided with him at home plate, tearing several knee ligaments. After undergoing reconstructive knee surgery, <mask> was told he would never play again, yet the backstop returned just twelve months later. In , <mask> re-injured himself in spring training and did not play until June. In only 79 game appearances, <mask> hit .331 along with 52 RBI. Boston won the AL East Division with a record of 95–65.1975 ALCS and World Series

<mask> batted .417 in the 1975 ALCS, as Boston swept the three-time defending champion Oakland Athletics. In Game 3 of the World Series at Riverfront Stadium, <mask> led off the second inning with a solo home run off Cincinnati starter Gary Nolan. In the bottom of the 10th inning, Reds pinch-hitter Ed Armbrister collided with <mask> at home plate while starting to run out a sacrifice bunt, leading to a wild throw by <mask> to second base that allowed Cesar Geronimo to reach third base and eventually score the winning run. <mask> and Boston manager Darrell Johnson argued the controversial call, claiming that Armbrister should have been ruled out for interference, but home plate umpire Larry Barnett ruled otherwise. "To this day, I still think it was interference," said <mask> in an interview after his retirement. Leading off the bottom of the 12th inning of Game 6 at Fenway Park, <mask> hit a pitch off of Cincinnati relief pitcher Pat Darcy that went down the left-field line and appeared to be heading into foul territory. The image of <mask> jumping and waving the ball fair as he made his way to first base is considered by many to be one of baseball's greatest moments.The ball struck the foul pole for a home run, giving the Red Sox a 7–6 win and forcing a seventh and deciding game of the Fall Classic. "The celebration of that moment has made me realize how popular baseball is and how it affects people's lives," <mask> told The Boston Globe. "It's still the greatest moment in my career." The image of him waving the ball fair changed the way baseball was televised. During this time, cameramen covering baseball were instructed to follow the flight of the ball. In a 1999 interview, NBC cameraman Lou Gerard said that he had been distracted by a nearby rat. Unable to follow the ball, he kept the camera on <mask> instead.This play was perhaps the most important catalyst in getting camera operators to focus most of their attention on the players themselves. Last years in Boston
<mask> was among the top offensive catchers in the American League in his eight full seasons with the Boston Red Sox. His best year in Boston was in 1977, when he hit .315 with 26 home runs and 102 runs batted in. Facing the rival New York Yankees in the 1978 AL East Playoff, <mask> went 1-for-3 with a single in Boston's 5–4 loss to the Yankees. Some fans attributed Boston's 1978 loss to a rib injury sustained by <mask>. The same injury left <mask> on the sidelines for several games during the 1979 season, a year in which his primary position was designated hitter. <mask> was reportedly among a group of several Red Sox players who lobbied Boston management for players to be paid what they deserved, which made him none too popular with Haywood Sullivan, the Boston general manager.When <mask>'s contract expired at the end of the 1980 season, Sullivan in fact mailed him a new contract, but put it in the mail one day after the contractual deadline. As a result, <mask> was technically a free agent and he signed a $3.5 million deal with the Chicago White Sox, beginning with the 1981 season. In 11 years with the Boston Red Sox, <mask> was selected to seven All-Star games, and batted .284 with 161 home runs and 568 RBI. He nearly had more RBIs than strikeouts, striking out only 588 times in 4353 plate appearances with the Red Sox, with an OBP of .356. Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)

<mask> signed a five-year contract for $3.5 million with the White Sox on March 18, 1981. <mask> had worn number 27 with the Red Sox but it was worn by White Sox pitcher Ken Kravec. <mask> chose to wear 72 with the White Sox explaining that he had won American League Rookie of the Year in 1972; his son Carson had been born in 1972; and 72 was the reverse of 27.Although Kravec was traded just ten days later, <mask> retained the number 72 throughout his career with the White Sox. As the season got underway, <mask> was interviewed by the media concerning his switching teams, and joked that "after a decade with the Red Sox, it was time to change my sox!" On opening day 1981, <mask> started the season with the White Sox against his former team in Fenway Park. In the eighth inning, <mask> knocked a three-run homer to put his new team on top, 5–3. After joining the White Sox, he helped the team win its first American League Western Division title in . His .289 batting average, 26 home runs, and 86 RBI, as well as his leadership on the young team, helped him to finish third in the MVP voting (behind Baltimore teammates Cal Ripken, Jr. and Eddie Murray). <mask> also caught LaMarr Hoyt that season, the 1983 Cy Young Award winner.<mask> played poorly in Chicago's loss to the Baltimore Orioles in the 1983 ALCS, hitting .176 with zero runs batted in. On May 16, 1984, <mask> accomplished the rare feat of hitting for the cycle in Comiskey Park against the Kansas City Royals. <mask>'s triple in the bottom of the seventh inning off Dan Quisenberry was the only triple he hit in the season. Injuries once again befell <mask> in the 1984 season, limiting him to just 102 games and a .231 average. The experience led him to begin a new training regimen which he used for the rest of his career. In his Hall of Fame induction speech, <mask> credited White Sox strength and conditioning coach Phil Claussen for his turnaround. Claussen introduced <mask> to a more scientific approach to physical conditioning which included long sessions of weight training.<mask> often credited the training program with extending his career. In 1985, following the advent of his new training program, <mask> had the most productive offensive year of his career. He hit 37 home runs and drove in 107 runs, both career-high numbers; the home run numbers tied Dick Allen's 13-year White Sox single-season record. At the age of 37, <mask> tied his career high for stolen bases (17). He was voted to the All-Star team, won the Silver Slugger award and finished 13th in the A.L. MVP voting. On August 4, 1985, <mask> caught all nine innings of Tom Seaver's complete game 300th career victory, which was played in Yankee Stadium.<mask> caught Bobby Thigpen as he set the then-record for most saves in a season (57) in 1990. In 2005, Jack McDowell credited <mask> as being instrumental in his development into a pitcher who won the Cy Young Award in 1993. On August 17, 1990, in the second game of a twi-night doubleheader in Arlington, Texas <mask> broke Johnny Bench's career home run record for catchers by hitting his 328th longball as a catcher off Charlie Hough in the top of the second inning. He went on to

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title: Carlton Fisk

type: original

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 end his career as the all-time leader in home runs by a catcher with 351. On May 5, 2004 Mike Piazza surpassed <mask>'s record by belting his 352nd as a backstop. <mask> still holds the American League record for homers by a catcher. A single in the 1991 All-Star Game made him the oldest player in MLB history to collect a hit in an All-Star game.The 1993 season was <mask>'s last. In February, <mask> and the Sox had a dispute over signing a one-year deal, where the former alleged it was only a minor league deal and the latter asserting it as a technicality to protect the 40-man roster. Owner Jerry Reinsdorf called him a "prima donna", but the two sides eventually reached a deal. On June 22, 1993, <mask> broke Bob Boone's record for career games caught with his 2,226th game behind the plate. <mask> was passed on this list by Iván Rodríguez on June 17, 2009. Six days after breaking Bob Boone's all-time games caught record, <mask> was abruptly released by the Chicago White Sox at age 45. <mask> was notified of his dismissal in his hotel room in Cleveland while on a road trip with the team.It is reported that he was ordered to turn in his equipment and immediately fly back to Chicago, alone. To add insult to injury, <mask> was thrown out of the White Sox clubhouse later that season when he stopped by to wish his teammates good luck in the playoffs. <mask> was one of two final active players in the 1990s who had played in the 1960s. The other was Nolan Ryan. He is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in MLB games in four decades. In thirteen seasons with the White Sox, <mask> was selected to four All-Star games and batted .257 with 214 home runs and 762 RBI. <mask> had nearly as many RBI as strikeouts with the White Sox, striking out 798 times in 5,500 plate appearances.For his career, <mask> caught a then-record 2,226 games over 24 seasons. Playing in 2,499 total games, <mask> also played 41 games in left field, 27 games at 1B and four games at 3B and was a DH for 166 games in his career. Overall he hit .269 with 376 home runs and 1,330 RBI in his career. <mask> made mention of the fireworks between himself and Reinsdorf in his Hall of Fame induction speech, and <mask> was inducted with a Red Sox cap, although both teams retired his number, with the White Sox doing it first with his number 72 on September 14, 1997, and the Red Sox with his number 27 in 2000. In 2005, he had a statue dedicated at  U.S. Cellular Field in 2005. In 2008, <mask> officially rejoined the White Sox organization by becoming a team ambassador and part of the White Sox speaker's bureau. Almost a Yankee

After the 1985 season, the White Sox came close to trading <mask> to the New York Yankees for designated hitter Don Baylor.Baylor was unhappy with the Yankees since he did not play every day as he wanted (despite being the team's regular DH) and asked to be traded. The potential deal was complicated in that the White Sox would have to re-sign <mask>, a free agent, and that both players would have to agree to the trade. Negotiations between the two teams ended when they were unable to reach an agreement. The White Sox re-signed <mask>, who remained with the club until the end of his career. During spring training in 1986, the Yankees traded Baylor to the Boston Red Sox for designated hitter Mike Easler. Notable feuds
<mask> was known for his longstanding feud with New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson. One particular incident that typified their feud, and the Yankees – Red Sox rivalry in general, occurred on August 1, 1973, at Fenway Park.With the score 2–2 in the top of the ninth inning, Munson, attempting to score on Gene Michael's missed bunt attempt, barreled into <mask>, triggering a 10-minute bench-clearing brawl in which both catchers were ejected. As John Curtis let his first pitch go, Munson broke for the plate. Michael tried to bunt, and missed. With Munson coming, the scrawny Yankees shortstop tried to step in <mask>'s way, but <mask> elbowed him out of the way and braced for Munson, who crashed into him as hard as he could. <mask> held onto the ball, but Munson tried to lie on top of him to allow Felipe Alou to keep rounding the bases. <mask> kicked Munson off him and into the air, and swiped at him with his fist. Michael grabbed <mask>, and as Curtis grabbed Munson—his former Cape Cod League roommate—<mask> threw Michael down with his left arm and fell to the ground."<mask> had his left arm right across Stick's throat and wouldn't let up", said Ralph Houk, the Yankees' manager at the time. "Michael couldn't breathe. I had to crawl underneath the pile to try to pry <mask>'s arm off his throat to keep him from killing Stick. All the while he had Michael pinned down, he was punching Munson underneath the pile. I had no idea <mask> was that strong, but he was scary." In another incident typifying the Yankees-Red Sox rivalry, <mask> was involved in an altercation with Lou Piniella during a May 20, 1976, game at Yankee Stadium. In the sixth inning of this game, Piniella barreled into <mask> trying to score on an Otto Vélez single.<mask> and Piniella shoved each other at home plate, triggering another bench-clearing brawl. After order appeared to be restored, Red Sox pitcher Bill Lee and Yankees third baseman Graig Nettles began exchanging words and punches, igniting the brawl anew. Lee suffered a separated left shoulder in the altercation and missed much of the season and was never quite the same again. In an incident on May 22, 1990, Deion Sanders approached the plate with one out and a runner on third base, drew a dollar sign in the dirt before the pitch, and didn't run to first base since the popup he hit looked like it would be easily caught. <mask> yelled at Sanders "run the fucking ball out" and called Sanders a "piece of shit." Later in the game, Sanders told Fisk "the days of slavery are over." <mask> was furious."He comes up and wants to make it a racial issue — there's no racial issue involved." He told Sanders during Sanders' next at-bat, "There is a right way and a wrong way to play this game. You're playing it the wrong way. And the rest of us don't like it. Someday, you're going to get this game shoved right down your throat." Legacy

Notable statistics
 Oldest catcher in MLB history to hit 20 home runs in a season. Holds the record for most home runs hit after the age of 40 (72).Holds the record for most years played as a catcher with 24 (1969, 1971–1993). At the time of his retirement in 1993, he held the records for most home runs all-time by a catcher with 351 (since passed by Mike Piazza) and most games played at the position of catcher with 2,226 (surpassed by Iván Rodríguez on June 17, 2009). <mask> caught 149 shutouts during his career, ranking him second all-time behind Yogi Berra among major league catchers. <mask> is one of only seven players in history who have caught more than 150 games in a season multiple times (Jim Sundberg, Randy Hundley, Ted Simmons, Frankie Hayes and Gary Carter). <mask> is one of only nineteen catchers elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Among those, <mask> has the most hits (2,356) and runs scored (1,276). <mask> holds the record for the longest game by a catcher.On May 9, 1984, he caught all 25 innings of the White Sox's 7–6 win over the Milwaukee Brewers. <mask> threw out four runners attempting to steal during the game. The former record of 24 innings was shared by 5 players: Mike Powers (9-1-1906), Buddy Rosar and Bob Swift (both on 7-21-1945), Hal King and Jerry Grote (both on 4-15-1968). <mask> finished in the top ten in American League Most Valuable Player voting four times (1972, 1977–78, and 1983). <mask>'s .481 slugging percentage while with the Red Sox is the tenth best in that club's long history. <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in , choosing the Boston Red Sox cap for his plaque, although he played for more seasons with the Chicago White Sox. The Chicago White Sox retired his uniform number 72 on September 14, 1997.The Boston Red Sox retired his uniform number 27 on September 4, 2000. He is one of ten people to have their uniform number retired by at least two teams. In , he was selected as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, and finished third in the balloting. In 2000, <mask> was elected to the Chicago White Sox All-Century Team. In 2004, he was named the greatest New Hampshire athlete of all time. In May 2008, <mask> returned to the White Sox as a team ambassador, and a member of the team's speakers bureau. The 2004 baseball-themed film Mickey features a character who, like <mask>, is a catcher, is known as Pudge, and hits a home run similar to <mask>'s 1975 World Series home run.Footage of <mask>'s home run appears in the 1997 film Good Will Hunting, during a scene in which the character Sean Maguire (Robin Williams) tells the story of how he met his wife on the same day the game occurred. The Fisk Foul Pole
On June 13, 2005, the Red Sox honored <mask> and the 12th-inning home run that won Game 6 of the 1975 World Series by naming the left field foul pole, which the famous home run contacted, the Fisk Foul Pole. In a pregame ceremony from the Monster Seats, <mask> was cheered by the Fenway Park crowd while the shot was replayed to the strains of Handel's Hallelujah Chorus, the song longtime Fenway Park organist John Kiley originally played following the home run. The Red Sox scheduled the ceremony to coincide with an interleague series against the Cincinnati Reds, who were making their first trip back to Fenway Park since the '75 Series. Thirty years later, the video of <mask> trying to wave the ball fair remains one of the game's enduring images. Game 6 is often considered one of the best games played in Major League history. The crowd remembered that magical moment at precisely 12:34 a.m.ET early on the morning of October 22, 1975, when <mask> drove a 1–0 fastball from Cincinnati right-hander Pat Darcy high into the air, heading down the left-field line. "The ball only took about two and half seconds", recalled <mask>. "It seemed like I was jumping and waving for more than two and a half seconds." Two and a half seconds later, the ball caromed off the bright yellow pole, ending one of the most dramatic World Series games ever played and giving the Red Sox a 7–6 win over the Reds in 12 hard-fought innings. On the field, <mask> threw out the ceremonial first pitch to his former batterymate Luis Tiant. From now on, like the Pesky Pole down the right-field line, the left-field pole will officially be called the Fisk Foul Pole. The idea was the inspiration of the countless fans who contacted the Red Sox about recognizing the historic moment.Fenway's right field foul pole, which is just  from the plate, is named Pesky's Pole for former Red Sox shortstop Johnny Pesky. Mel Parnell named the pole after Pesky in  when he won a game with a home run just inside the right-field pole. Rings
After the June 13 ceremony in Boston, <mask> received an honorary World Series ring from the Red Sox commemorating their 2004 World Series victory. On Saturday, August 12, 2006, the Chicago White Sox presented <mask> with another ring, this one in honor of the White Sox' 2005 championship. Statue
The Chicago White Sox unveiled a life-sized bronze statue of <mask> on August 7, 2005. The statue is located inside Guaranteed Rate Field on the main concourse in center field. It joined similar statues depicting Charles Comiskey, Frank Thomas and Minnie Miñoso and eventually Luis Aparicio, Nellie Fox, Billy Pierce and Harold Baines.Honors
 In 1997, the Chicago White Sox retired <mask>'s number 72. <mask> was inducted into the Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame in 1997. <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000. <mask>'s number 27 was retired by the Boston Red Sox in 2000. <mask> was inducted into the University of New Hampshire Athletics Hall of Fame in 2000.
 in 2004, <mask> was named the greatest athlete of all time from New Hampshire. In 2005, <mask> was honored with a statue inside the White Sox's stadium. In 2005, the left-field foul pole at Fenway Park was named the Fisk Pole in honor of <mask>.Personal life
<mask> is a supporter of the Cancer Support Center. He and his wife Linda serve on the Honorary Board. <mask> and his wife Linda have three children, Carlyn, Courtney and Casey and five grandchildren. <mask> is the brother in law of former major league and minor league teammate Rick Miller, who married <mask>'s sister Janet in 1973. On October 22, 2012, <mask> was charged with a DUI in New Lenox, Illinois, after he was found in the middle of a corn field, unconscious behind the wheel of his vehicle. He pleaded guilty to the charge on December 27, 2012. In 2012, <mask>'s Florida home was burglarized, with thieves taking valuable coins.<mask> appears briefly in the 1989 film Field of Dreams, playing for the White Sox on a television screen. <mask> grows and collects orchids. <mask>'s daughter, Carlyn <mask>, a volleyball player, was inducted into the University of Illinois-Chicago Athletics Hall of Fame in 1997. <mask>'s daughter, Courtney helped lead Lockport Township High School to the Illinois State Volleyball Championship. <mask>'s son Casey played college baseball at Illinois State University and is currently a college baseball coach and owns a sports performance training business. Career statistics
<mask>'s career

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title: Waldis Joaquín

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<mask> (born December 25, 1986) is a Dominican professional baseball pitcher. He played for the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball (MLB) from 2009 through 2011. Joaquín throws three pitches: a fastball, a slider, and a changeup. Signed by the Giants in 2003, <mask> reached the major leagues in 2009 and appeared in 10 games, which would be his highest total in an MLB season. Part of the Opening Day roster in 2010, he pitched in four games during San Francisco's World Series championship season. The Chicago White Sox attempted to claim him off waivers in the offseason, but he refused to report to them, nullifying the waiver claim. Returning to the Giants in 2011, he five games for them in September and received his lone MLB decision, a win.In 2012, <mask> <mask> de la Cruz was born on December 25, 1986, in La Vega, Dominican Republic. On October 31, 2003, the San Francisco Giants signed Joaquín as an amateur free agent. His first professional experience came with the Dominican Summer League Giants in 2004; in 14 games (13 starts), he had six wins and a 1.61 earned run average (ERA). He pitched for the Arizona League Giants in 2005, posting a 1–1 record with a 3.64 ERA, 37 strikeouts, and 10 walks in  innings.He did not play in 2006 due to surgery on his right elbow, but he returned in 2007, for the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes of the Single-A (short season) Northwest League, with whom he went 3–0 with a 2.84 ERA, 30 strikeouts, and 16 walks in 38 innings. In 2008, Joaquín played for the Single-A Augusta GreenJackets of the South Atlantic League and the Single-A advanced San Jose Giants of the California League. He was had a combined 1–3 with a 4.42 ERA in  innings over 36 games (seven starts). After the season, he made eight starts for the Waikiki BeachBoys of the Hawaii Winter Baseball League, posting a 2–3 record and a 5.97 ERA. Joaquín began 2009 with the Double-A Connecticut Defenders of the Eastern League. He had a 4–5 record, a 2.67 ERA, 40 strikeouts, and 28 walks in 54 innings pitched. On August 1, Joaquín was called up to the Giants' bullpen; he replaced Ryan Sadowski on the roster.He made his Major League debut on August 4, giving up one run on two hits in pitching the ninth inning in an 8–1 win over the Houston Astros. He was optioned to the minors the next day to make room for Joe Martinez on the roster. Joaquín spent the rest of the minor league season with the Triple-A Fresno Grizzlies of the Pacific Coast League; in eight games, he had a 1–0 record, an 0.00 ERA, 16 strikeouts, and two walks in 10 innings pitched. He was called up again on September 1 when rosters expanded, and he made nine more appearances for the Giants that year. In 10 games with the Giants, which would be his most in an MLB season, Joaquín had no record, a 4.22 ERA, 12 strikeouts, and seven walks in  innings pitched. After the season, he made 16 relief appearances for the Gigantes del Cibao of the Dominican Winter League, posting a 1–0 record and a 2.35 ERA. Joaquín made the Giants' Opening Day roster in 2010.He threw a scoreless  of an inning in his first outing, but he gave up runs in each of his next three outings. At the beginning of May, he was sent down to Fresno when Aaron Rowand came off the disabled list. He was called up again on May 27 following an injury to Jeremy Affeldt, but he was sent down to Fresno days later without making an appearance. In four games with the Giants, Joaquín had no record, a 9.64 ERA, two strikeouts, and seven walks in  innings pitched. From June 18 to August 5, he was on Fresno's disabled list with a disc problem in his back. In 23 games (five starts) for Fresno, he had a 1–2 record, a 4.93 ERA, 33 strikeouts, and 22 walks in  innings. He was left off the postseason roster as the Giants won the 2010 World Series against the Texas Rangers.On November 22, <mask> was claimed off of waivers by the Chicago White Sox. Refusing the waiver claim, he became a free agent. He was re-signed to a minor league contract by the Giants in December 2010. He pitched for the Gigantes in the offseason but only made three appearances, losing one and posting a 27.00 ERA. <mask> was invited to spring training by the Giants in 2011, but he was reassigned to extended spring training on April 4 before being assigned to Fresno on May 2. From May 16 through June 2, he was on the disabled list with an elbow injury. In 35 games for the Grizzlies, he had a 2–2 record, a 3.44 ERA, 27 strikeouts, and 23 walks in  innings pitched.The Giants re-added him to the 40-man roster on August 4, and they called him up on September 2. On September 17, he recorded the only MLB decision of his career. After he recorded the final two outs of the seventh inning against the Colorado Rockies, the Giants scored four runs in the eighth to take the lead and held on for a 6–5 victory, with Joaquín getting the win. In his last outing of the season, on September 24, he relieved starter Barry Zito with two runners on base and the Giants trailing the Arizona Diamondbacks 6–2. Joaquín threw two wild pitches as he allowed both runners to score in addition to giving up three runs of his own in one inning of work; San Francisco went on to lose 15–2. For the Giants in 2011, Joaquín appeared in five games, posting a 1–0 record and a 4.26 ERA in  innings, with three strikeouts and three walks. He became a free agent on November 30.Washington Nationals organization
On December 14, 2011, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals with an invitation to spring training. He was reassigned to minor league camp on March 15, 2012. However, he did not pitch for any of their minor league teams due to an injury. He did pitch in nine games for the Gigantes after the season, winning one and posting a 6.23 ERA. On November 12, he became a free agent. Mexican League

Joaquín spent the next four seasons in the Mexican Baseball League. In 2013, he pitched for the Sultanes de Monterrey.Making 26 appearances, he had a 4–2 record, four saves, a 3.96 ERA, 10 strikeouts, and seven walks in 25 innings. He made 34 appearances for Monterrey in 2014, posting a 2–5 record, one save, a 4.67 ERA, 33 strikeouts, and 19 walks in  innings pitched. After the season, he pitched in the Dominican Winter League, though this time for the Estrellas de Oriente. In 13 games, he had a 1–0 record and a 6.00 ERA. In 2015, Joaquín pitched for two Mexican League teams. Making 31 appearances for the Acereros de Monclova, he had a 2–2 record, eight saves, a 3.41 ERA, 32 strikeouts, and eight walks in  innings. He also made 17 appearances for the Rieleros de Aguascalientes, posting a 2–1 record, three saves, a 3.74 ERA, 14 strikeouts, and eight walks in  innings.Following the season, he returned to the Estrellas, posting a 1–1 record and a 3.86 ERA in 15 games. <mask> pitched for two Mexican League teams again in 2016. In eight games for the Saraperos de Saltillo, he had no record, three saves, a 4.32 ERA, seven strikeouts, and one walk in  innings. He also made eight appearances for the Vaqueros Laguna, where he had no record, one save, a 2.35 ERA, five strikeouts, and four walks in 19 innings. After the season, he played winter ball in Venezuela, this time for the Caribes de Anzoátegui. In 18 games, he had a 1–0 record and a 1.89 ERA. He also made one appearance for the Estrellas, allowing two runs in  of an inning.Detroit Tigers organization, winter ball
On December 20, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Detroit Tigers. Assigned to extended spring training at the start of the 2017 season, he then pitched in three games for the Lakeland Flying Tigers of the Single-A Advanced Florida State League before being promoted to the Erie SeaWolves of the Double-A Eastern League. In 12 games (one start), he had a 2–4 record, a 6.06 ERA, 14 strikeouts, and six walks in  innings. He was released on June 19. Later that year, Joaquin made six appearances with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He had a 1–0 record, a 15.43 ERA, five strikeouts, and four walks in  innings. Over the 2017–18 offseason, <mask> made 14 appearances for the Caribes, accumulating no record but recording three saves and posting a 4.97 ERA.He made one appearance for the Toros del Este of the Dominican Winter League in the 2018–19 offseason, pitching a scoreless inning. On March 21, 2020, <mask> signed with the Hamilton Cardinals of the Intercounty Baseball League. However, he did not pitch for the Cardinals, as the league's season was cancelled due to the impact of COVID-19. Pitching style
Joaquín throws three pitches: a fastball, a slider, and a changeup. The fastball travels  to  and travels quickly to the upper inside corner of the strike zone for right-handed batters. Left-handed batters can see it more easily. The slider travels in the middle  range.Sam Corun of Bleacher Report mentioned in 2010 that his changeup needed to be better in order for him to walk fewer hitters. References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
Arizona League Giants players
Augusta GreenJackets players
Connecticut Defenders players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Fresno Grizzlies players
Gigantes del Cibao players

Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players
San Francisco Giants players
San Jose Giants players
Sultanes de Monterrey players
Rieleros de Aguascalientes players
Waikiki Beach Boys players
Estrellas Orientales players
Saraperos de Saltillo players
Vaqueros Laguna players
Caribes de Anzoátegui players
Erie SeaWolves players
Lakeland Flying Tigers players
York Revolution players
Toros del Este players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Venezuela

masks:
Waldis Joaquín de la Cruz
Joaquín
Joaquínaldis
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín
Joaquín


title: Henry Watkin

texts:
<mask> (March 6, 1824 – November 21, 1910), was an expatriate English printer and cooperative socialist in Cincinnati, Ohio during the mid-to-late 19th century. While a young printer in London, <mask> became interested in the utopian socialist writings of Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, and Comte de Saint-Simon. Although it is still unknown to what degree <mask> participated in any cooperative or communalist movements in England or America before the Civil War, evidence suggests that <mask> was an active member of a community of progressive and radical Cincinnatians during his professional life. In 1870, he helped to found the "Cooperative Land and Building Association No.1 of Hamilton County, Ohio". The housing cooperative was organized in 1871 to build and develop a railroad suburb named Bond Hill just a few miles outside of the corporate limits of Cincinnati. Besides his work founding Bond Hill, <mask> is best known as the friend and fatherly mentor of the 19th century Japanophile writer Lafcadio Hearn. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Pitsford, Northamptonshire, a village near Northampton in central England, to Baptist parents, <mask> and <mask>.The <mask> family was large and after his father's death at the age of six, <mask>, his four older and two younger siblings were raised by their mother with income from the <mask> family's rental properties. As children, both he and a sister, Hephzibah, suffered grievous eye injuries, a circumstance which may have figured significantly later in his life. <mask> apprenticed as a printer under his uncle John Gardiner Fuller, an abolitionist and son of Andrew Fuller (co-founder of the Baptist Missionary Society), in Bristol. Family letters indicate that in 1845 after staying for a period with another uncle, Reverend Andrew Gunton Fuller, in London, he traveled to America. By 1847 <mask> had made his way to Cincinnati where he worked for the Cincinnati newspaper, the Daily Gazette, a known organ for the land reform movement at the time. Within a few years, <mask> became foreman of the Gazette but left in 1853 to set up his own bookstore and printing shop. On May 26 of that same year, <mask> married Laura Ann Fry (1831-1914), a dressmaker and woodcarver from a family of prominent artist craftsmen and Swedenborgians hailing from Bath, England (Howe 2003).(Laura emigrated to America with her father, <mask>, in 1851). <mask> was a vocal and religiously inspired supporter of communism in England. While the Fry family was less vocal about their radicalism in America, their strong affiliation with the Cincinnati Swedenborgian community, and friendships with wealthy progressives and artists suggests that the Frys and <mask> were well within the milieu of radical Cincinnati. According to the 1860 census of Millcreek Township in Hamilton County, Ohio, Laura and <mask> were living in the Bond Hill area, the site on which, ten years later, <mask>'s cooperative would situate their new community. In 1857, <mask> and Laura had a daughter, Effie <mask> (1857-1944). From descriptions of <mask> in biographies of Lafcadio Hearn, <mask> is described as a “largely self-taught, freethinking radical... especially interested in utopian communalism” (Jonathan Cott 1991, 34). Writing soon after his death another biographer wrote:

<mask> was a person of apparently elastic views and varied reading; self educated but shrewd and gifted with a natural knowledge of mankind.He was nearly thirty years older than the boy he spoke to, but he remembered the days when his ideal of life had been far other than working a printing-press in a back street in Cincinnati. At one time he had steeped himself in the French school of philosophy, Fourierism and Saint-Simonism; then for a time followed Hegel and Kant, regaling himself in lighter moments with Edgar Allan Poe and Hoffman’s weird tales. (Nina Kennard 1912, 66)

Publications
The list of publications from <mask>'s printing shop underlies <mask>'s political and social sympathies. The first known book he published was an 1854 spiritualist work by Through H. Tuttle, An outline of universal government, : being a general exposition of the plan of the universe, by a society of the sixth circle. To which is added a lecture purporting to emanate from the spirit of Benjamin Franklin, on the philosophy of spiritual intercourse, and the reasons why spirits disagree in their communications. <mask> also published a large number of songsheets of African-American spirituals and hymns, as well as sermons from the African Methodist Episcopal Church, other spiritualist writings, and miscellaneous printings for Cincinnati merchants and commercial enterprises. <mask>'s printings for spiritualists and the African-American community paralleled the interests of his contemporary Fourierists and likely indicate that <mask> was more than simply a reader of Charles Fourier.Fourierist communities in America waned in the late 1840s while many Fourierists were drawn to the spiritualist and anti-slavery abolitionist movements building throughout the 1850s. This is especially true of Cincinnati where remnants of the Clermont Phalanx helped to populate the city's Spiritual Brotherhood, a spiritualist society. Friendship with Lafcadio Hearn
One of <mask>'s close friends was the Japanophile writer Lafcadio Hearn, who became famous in the late 19th century for his descriptions of Japanese culture and sensibility. The youngHearn arrived nearly penniless in Cincinnati in 1869 and barely survived by working odd jobs, sleeping in haylofts, and cutting his hunger pangs with opium. Later that year, after collapsing from exhaustion, he was dragged into Watkin's shop, where he finally got help. In the Reminiscences of <mask>'s niece Hepsie <mask> Churchill, she speculates that <mask>'s sympathy for the lad was in part motivated by Hearn's ruined eye, a handicap that <mask> shared. <mask> gave Hearn shelter in a back room of his printing shop, fed him, and quickly became his friend, mentor, and surrogate father.Confident of Hearn's heretofore-unrecognized abilities, "Mr. <mask> secured for the boy a position with a Captain Barney, who edited and published a commercial paper, for which Hearn solicited advertisements and to which he began also to contribute articles" (Bronner 1908, 25). In the print shop, and on lengthy walks through Cincinnati, <mask> and Hearn discussed the utopias of Robert Owen, Comte de Saint-Simon, and Charles Fourier, the fantasies of Edgar Allan Poe, and all the morbid and sensational events that found their place in Hearn’s articles for the Cincinnati Enquirer and the Cincinnati Commercial. Their mutual curiosities into spiritualist practice lead them to attend séances in Covington. In part through <mask>'s support and friendship, Hearn became a prolific and well-known journalist and writer. Involvement with cooperatives
After the Civil War, records indicate that <mask> was active in Cincinnati's socialist scene. In 1868, he was one of the initial stockholders subscribed in the Mutual Benefit Grocery, a cooperative grocery store in downtown Cincinnati. The grocery was a hub in the network of Cincinnati progressives including members from other prominent socialist families, the Hallers and McLeans, as well as other forward thinking printers, Caleb Clark and Charles Adams, also active in Cincinnati socialist movements.<mask>'s social network also included members and administrators of the Young Men’s Mercantile Library. These connections helped <mask> connect with the social philanthropists eager to create new affordable housing outside of Cincinnati, which in 1869 was even more densely populated than London. In 1870, <mask> helped to form the "Cooperative Land and Building Association No.1 of Hamilton County, Ohio" and in 1871 set about constructing the new suburb in the countryside nearby where he lived. William S. Munson, railroad broker, scion of a wealthy iron merchant family, and president of the Young Men's Mercantile Library (1873–74) was an early investor in the cooperative and became the Co-op's treasurer. It is likely that the cooperative elements of the Bond Hill's building association were inspired through <mask>'s lifelong interest in cooperationism. Due to the financial hardships brought upon by the Long Depression of the 1870s, <mask> likely suffered greatly. By 1880, both his wife and daughter were recorded as in the census as living away from Cincinnati, in Kansas City, Missouri.(Laura Ann and Effie were likely either teaching or engaged in woodcarving furniture or interiors there). Other stresses besides the depression seem to also have affected <mask>'s project. In the early 1880s a schism appears to have split the cooperative and Watkin's activities in its leadership seem to decrease thereafterwards. Records of the Bond Hill Civic Association reveal that <mask> was printing membership cards for the organization as late as September 29, 1893, although by then <mask> and his family had moved next door to his father-in-law, <mask>'s Sunflower Cottage, in Pleasant Ridge. Later years
In 1895, according to correspondence, an accident befell the 71-year-old <mask>. He continued working with the help of his assistant printer, Frank H. Vehr. By 1902 <mask> — by then the oldest practicing printer in Cincinnati — had retired from printing and sold his shop to Vehr.While continuing to work, first selling novelties and afterwards doing unknown work in an office building, <mask> (with his wife and daughter) moved into Cincinnati’s Old Men’s and Widow's Home, a nursing home in Walnut Hills. According to his obituary, <mask> died of exhaustion at 4 o'clock in the morning, Monday, November 21, 1910, at the age of 86. In 1914, Laura died as well. Their bodies were cremated. After her mother's death, Effie <mask>, spent a few years outside the home but never married. Returning to the home she spent the rest of her life there until her death in 1944. <mask> is survived by the descendants of his other siblings: John (1817-1904), William (1819-?), James (1822-? ), Mary (1820-? ), Hephzibah (1827-?) and Sarah Ann <mask> (1829-?). References

 Bronner, Milton, ed. Letters from the Raven : Being the Correspondence of Lafcadio Hearn with <mask> / with Introd. And Critical Commentary by the Editor, Milton Bronner.London: Archibald Constable, 1908, c1907. Howe, Jennifer L, ed. Cincinnati Art-Carved Furniture and Interiors. Athens, Ohio: Cincinnati Art Museum, Ohio University Press, 2003. Kennard, Nina H. Lafcadio Hearn, Containing Some Letters from Lafcadio Hearn to His Half-Sister, Mrs. Atkinson. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1912. Stebbins, Charles M. “The Autobiography of Charles M. Stebbins” in The One and True Religion (Charles M. Stebbins, 1895).New York: J.S. Ogilvie Publishing Company, 1898 (third edition). Varady, Aharon N. "Bond Hill: Origin and Transformation of a 19th Century Cincinnati Railroad Suburb." Masters Thesis, University of Cincinnati, lulu.com: 2004. Varady welcomes all correspondence in connection to his research into the life of <mask>. External links
Bond Hill: Origin and Transformation of a 19th Century Cincinnati Railroad Suburb by Aharon Varady, 2004

1824 births
1910 deaths
English Swedenborgians
Fourierists
People from West Northamptonshire District
People from Cincinnati
Cooperative organizers
English expatriates in the United States
Saint-Simonists
Utopian socialists

masks:
Henry Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
William Watkin
Mary Hobson Watkin
Watkin
Henry
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
Henry Fry
Henry Fry
Henry Watkin
Henry
Watkin
Henry
Maud Watkin
Henry Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Watkin
Henry Fry
Watkin
Watkin
Henry
Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
Watkin
Henry Watkin
Henry Watkin


title: Lumsden Hare

texts:
<mask> (17 October 1874 – 28 August 1964) was an Irish-born film and theatre actor. He was also a theatre director and theatrical producer. Early years
<mask> studied at St. Dunstan's College in London. Career

<mask> appeared in more than 35 Broadway productions between 1900 and 1942. In 1908 he first appeared on Broadway in the hit play What Every Woman Knows starring Maude Adams. He served as director and/or producer for various productions, some starring himself. He started appearing in films in 1916.By his last screen appearance in 1961, <mask> had appeared in more than 140 films and over a dozen television productions. Personal life and death
<mask> was married to actress Selene Johnson. He died 28 August 1964, aged 89, in Beverly Hills, California. Complete filmography

Love's Crucible (1916 short) as Stephen Wright
As in a Looking Glass (1916) as Andrew Livingston
 The Test (1916) as Arthur Thome
 Arms and the Woman (1916) as David Fravoe
Envy (1917) as Stanton Skinner
Barbary Sheep (1917) as Sir Claude Wyverne
The Seven Deadly Sins (1917) as Stanton Skinner (Envy)
National Red Cross Pageant (1917) as The Archbishop of Canterbury - English episode
The Light Within (1918) as Clinton Durand
The Avalanche (1919) as Price Ruyler
 The Country Cousin (1919) as Archie Gore
Mothers of Men (1920) as Capt. Clark
Clive of India (1935) as Maj. Gen. Sir Thomas Woodley
Folies Bergère de Paris (1935) as Gustave
Cardinal Richelieu (1935) as Gustavus Adolphus - King of Sweden
Lady Tubbs (1935) as Lord Abernathy
She (1935) as Dugmore (uncredited)
The Crusades (1935) as Robert - Earl of Leicester
The Bishop Misbehaves (1935) as Constable
Freckles (1935) as James McLean
The Three Musketeers (1935) as Captain de Treville
The Great Impersonation (1935) as Duke Henry
Professional Soldier (1935) as Paul Valdis
Under Two Flags (1936) as Lord Seraph
The Princess Comes Across (1936) as Detective Cragg
The Last of the Mohicans (1936) as General Abercrombie
The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936) as Col. Woodward (uncredited)
Lloyd's of London (1936) as Capt. Suckling
The Last of Mrs. Cheyney (1937) as Inspector Witherspoon
Parnell (1937) as Editor (uncredited)
The Life of Emile Zola (1937) as Mr. Richards
The Littlest Diplomat (1937 short) as Colonel Hardwick
Life Begins with Love (1937) as Col. William Addington Drake III
A Christmas Carol (1938) as Man Discussing Scrooge's Funeral (uncredited)
Gunga Din (1939) as Major Mitchell
Captain Fury (1939) as Mr. Bailey
The Giant of Norway (1939, Short) as Fridtjof Nansen (uncredited)
Northwest Passage (1940) as Lord Amherst
Rebecca (1940) as Mr. Tabbs
A Dispatch from Reuter's (1940) as Chairman
Hudson's Bay (1941) as Capt. Alan MacKinnon (uncredited)
Shadows on the Stairs (1941) as Inspector
More Trifles of Importance (1941 short) as Duke (uncredited)
One Night in Lisbon (1941) as Doorman (uncredited)
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941) as Colonel Weymouth
Passage from Hong Kong (1941) as Inspector Bray
The Blonde from Singapore (1941) as Reginald Belvin
Suspicion (1941) as Inspector Hodgson (uncredited)
Confirm or Deny (1941) as Sir Titus Scott, Penzance Chronicle
This Above All (1942) as First Headwaiter (uncredited)
The Greatest Gift (1942,Short) as Father Cyprian (uncredited)
Random Harvest (1942) as Sir John (uncredited)
The Gorilla Man (1943) as General Randall Devon
London Blackout Murders (1943) as Supt.Winthrop
Battle Cry (1955) as New Zealander in Bar (uncredited)
The Finest Gift (1955 TV movie) as Ambassador Wakefield
Johnny Tremain (1957) as Adm. Montagu
Count Your Blessings (1959) as John
The Oregon Trail (1959) as Sir Richard Wallingham, British Ambassador (uncredited)
The Four Skulls of Jonathan Drake (1959) as Rogers

References

External links

AllMovie.com.biography

<mask> <mask> with Elsie Ferguson in the 1919 silent film The Avalanche
Lumsden Hare bio (Aveleyman)

1874 births
1964 deaths
Irish male film actors
Irish male silent film actors
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Irish male stage actors
People from County Tipperary
20th-century Irish male actors

masks:
Francis Lumsden Hare
Hare
Hare
Hare
Hare
Lumsden
Hare


title: Jim Walsh (Irish politician)

texts:
<mask> (born 5 May 1947) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and member of Seanad Éireann between 1997 and 2016. Early and personal life
<mask> is a native of New Ross, County Wexford. <mask> attended New Ross Christian Brothers School. He is married to Marie Furlong, they have one son and two daughters. Outside of his Seanad duties, he works as a businessman and company director. He is a member of the Chartered Institute of Transport, a Senator of Junior Chamber International and is a former president of the Irish Road Hauliers' Association. Political career
He was elected in 1974 to New Ross Town Council, serving as Mayor for nine terms and a member of Wexford County Council from 1979 to 2004, serving as Mayor from 1992 to 1993.<mask> was National Chairman of the Irish Local Authority Members Association from 1997 to 2002. In 1997, he was first elected to Seanad Éireann by the Agricultural Panel. From 1997 to 2002, he served as government spokesman on Environment and Local Government in the Seanad. In subsequent terms he served as government spokesperson on Justice, Equality, and Law Reform between 2002 and 2007, and Communications, Energy, and Natural resources from 2007 to 2011. He is currently the Fianna Fáil Seanad spokesman on Foreign Affairs and Trade and a member of the Foreign Affairs and Trade Committee. He is currently a Board Member of Parliamentarians for Global Action, a New York-based non-governmental organization dealing with peace, democracy, human rights and the rules of law. He is also a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) as well as being a member of the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly and a participant in the International Catholic Legislator's Network since its inauguration.<mask> has fulfilled a number of international speaking invitations in recent years. In 2011 he was invited to address a conference in Colombo, Sri Lanka on the Northern Ireland peace process. At the invitation of the Pontifical Council for the Family he read a paper on the topic of "The Family" at the World Meeting of Families in Milan, May 2012. At the PGA Conference in Bogota, Colombia, December 2013 he addressed the subject of "Disarmament and Decommissioning- The Northern Ireland Experience and its Relevance for Colombia. Tribunals
In April 2008, <mask> claimed "that Chairmen of some of the tribunals used their position in order to act more or less as shop stewards for the wealthy legal profession". He later withdrew the comment, acknowledging that he may have caused offence. Civil partnership legislation
On 24 April 2008, <mask> put forward a party motion to counter the proposed same-sex Civil Partnership Bill.The Irish Times reported that around 30 unidentified Fianna Fáil backbenchers had signed the motion. One anonymous Senator was quoted as claiming that the motion "would have considerable support from the more conservative sections of the parliamentary party". The Taoiseach, Brian Cowen, responded by insisting that the registration of same-sex couples would not interfere with the constitutional status of marriage. Cowen noted that the Bill had been drawn up in close consultation with the Attorney General and had been included in the programme for government. The motion was referred to the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party's justice committee on 1 July 2008. Despite the challenge to the Bill, a Fianna Fáil spokesperson was quoted as saying that there was "broad support" within the party for the legislation, while the Taoiseach and the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Dermot Ahern reaffirmed the constitutional compatibility of the proposed law. <mask> has repeatedly called for a freedom of conscience amendment to the legislation which would by-pass equality legislation, allowing people a religious exemption in providing goods and services to gay couples.In the 2014 "Pantigate" controversy in which the national broadcaster RTÉ paid a purported €85,000 to conservative commentators, <mask> argued that some proponents of same-sex marriage were "dangerous and vicious". On 31 March 2015, he said in the Seanad that he could not support same sex marriage and that the money spent on the Marriage Equality referendum would be better spent on testing the gay community for HIV. Views
In November 2009, <mask> claimed that women working outside the home is a major cause of depression in young people, and also expressed annoyance that "David Norris could describe gay people as ‘fairies’ – while he could not". On 7 July 2010, he resigned the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party whip, along with Labhrás Ó Murchú and John Hanafin, in protest at the Civil Partnership bill. He rejoined the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party on 23 November 2010. On 16 July 2013, <mask> opposed the Protection of Life During Pregnancy Bill, and during the Seanad debate quoted an anti-abortion pamphlet's description of dilation and evacuation, which the bill's supporters criticised as inappropriate. In December 2015, in abortion-related debate, <mask> told Senator Ivana Bacik that she should seek 'treatment for hemorrhoids'.In January 2016, he was re-admitted to the Fianna Fáil parliamentary party. He did not contest the 2016 Seanad election. Wikipedia editing
In September 2015, <mask> admitted editing his own Wikipedia entry, claiming it had been edited by "a person from the gay lobby groups". He said that he had removed "certain erroneous comments" but did not say which edits he made or what was erroneous. T.J. McIntyre, a law lecturer at University College Dublin drew attention to edits made from an IP address belonging to the Oireachtas. Edits made from that address included removal of controversial comments made by the former senator about gay people and the Marriage Equality referendum. References

1947 births
Living people
Conflict-of-interest editing on Wikipedia
Fianna Fáil senators
Irish farmers
Local councillors in County Wexford
Members of the 21st Seanad
Members of the 22nd Seanad
Members of the 23rd Seanad
Members of the 24th Seanad
Independent members of Seanad Éireann

masks:
Jim Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh


title: Portia Nelson

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; May 27, 1920 – March 6, 2001) was an American popular singer, songwriter, actress, and author. She was best known for her appearances in 1950s cabarets, where she sang soprano. In 1965, she portrayed the cantankerous Sister Berthe in the film version of The Sound of Music; she also had a minor role as Sarah in the musical Doctor Dolittle;  on TV's All My Children <mask> played the long-running role of nanny Mrs. Gurney. Her book of poetic musings, There's a Hole in My Sidewalk: The Romance of Self-Discovery, became a mainstay of twelve-step programs. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Brigham City, Utah on May 27, 1920 and was the youngest of nine children. (The Danish family name of Nielsen had been anglicized before her birth.) Her Mormon family owned a farm; her father was also a railroad worker.At a young age, <mask> taught herself to play piano; after two years at Weber College in Ogden, Utah she quit school and moved to Los Angeles. Early career
While attending an LDS Church service in L.A. in 1945, <mask> met the King Sisters, the popular swing-era vocal quartet, also from Utah. The sisters were employed by bandleader Alvino Rey; and since <mask> needed a job, they hired her to come on the road as their secretary. In the months that followed, she took one of her first steps as a musician by writing a few vocal arrangements for the group. Back home in Los Angeles in early 1946, <mask> worked briefly as secretary to film director André de Toth; she held another secretarial job in the publicity department of United Artists Pictures. Around that time she adopted the name Portia, a nickname that friends gave her based on her love of the popular radio soap opera Portia Faces Life. She was known for occasionally sitting at pianos on the lot and demonstrating songs, and word of her vocal talents spread.Jane Russell was then on the lot making a film, Young Widow; one day they talked about songs they both liked, and <mask> performed one at the piano. "What the hell are you doing pounding a typewriter? ... You should be singing," said Russell. <mask> would later work for Russell as a vocal coach. After <mask>'s death, Russell said that she "had a high, clear voice, with such intonation and shading! Her lyrics were sung with such understanding that you felt you'd heard a poem sung." Through Ida Lupino, <mask> met Nick Arden, a lyricist who was planning to open a small nightclub in Sherman Oaks, California.She and Arden teamed to write a song, "It's as Simple as That." <mask> recorded the demo, which reached the hands of singer Jo Stafford; on October 18, 1946, Stafford recorded the ballad for Capitol as the B-side of "September Song." The disc didn't chart, but once his nightclub had opened Arden hired <mask> to make her debut there as a singer. Her accompanist was Walter Gross, a former staff pianist at CBS radio and the composer of a standard written that year, "Tenderly". Early cabaret work
After leaving Nick Arden's, <mask> continued to work day jobs, while singing sporadically. In 1949 she performed at the Café Gala, a cabaret on Hollywood's Sunset Strip; singer-pianist Bobby Short entertained. Recalled Short in his 1995 autobiography Bobby Short: The Life and Times of a Saloon Singer: "Portia walked onto the floor of the Gala, tall, poised, goddesslike in floating chiffon – and singing in a way that was all her own.She was a smash." It was at the Café Gala that <mask> was heard by Herbert Jacoby, the owner (with Max Gordon) of Manhattan's preeminent cabaret, the Blue Angel. Jacoby invited her to sing there. In January 1950, <mask> moved to New York; soon after she was performing on one of the Blue Angel's four-act bills. She would sing there on and off until 1959, sharing rosters with Carol Channing, Pearl Bailey, Imogene Coca, Orson Bean, Wally Cox, Harry Belafonte, Johnny Mathis, and other budding stars. <mask> sometimes performed in the front lounge, where her accompanist was William Roy, a young pianist and composer who was just beginning a fifty-year career as a musical director for many of cabaret's greatest performers. In 1951 <mask> would also appear at the New York lounge Celeste, accompanied by songwriter and pianist Bart Howard, who soon became the emcee at the Blue Angel.At Celeste, <mask> performed many of the songs (including "In Other Words," later retitled "Fly Me to the Moon") that she would gather on her album Let Me Love You:  <mask> <mask> Sings the Songs of Bart Howard. She championed Howard for the rest of her career. The singer had made an auspicious recorded debut with the album Love Songs for a Late Evening, released in 1953 by Columbia's Masterworks division, normally reserved for classical artists. The New Yorker reviewer Rogers Whitaker wrote in his liner notes: "One has only to hear the delicate phrasing and effortless command of melody to understand why she could immediately create such a stir." Theater and other recordings
<mask> was also a frequent participant in a series of recorded re-creations of classic musicals, produced by Columbia president and producer Goddard Lieberson. The singer was heard on Roberta, The Boys from Syracuse, On Your Toes, and Oklahoma! A recording of Noël Coward's Bitter Sweet, which featured <mask> and singer Robert Rounseville, remains unissued; according to <mask>, its release was nixed by Coward, who disapproved of it.Her other early recorded work include the 1956 album, Autumn Leaves (on the Dolphin label); she wrote arrangements for the album Stritch by Elaine Stritch, released on Dolphin in 1956. In 1954, <mask> originated the role of Miss Minerva Oliver in The Golden Apple, John Latouche's musical adaptation of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. The Golden Apple opened off-Broadway at the Phoenix Theatre, then moved to Broadway's Alvin Theatre, where it ran from April through August. In 1955, she contributed material to the Broadway review Almost Crazy, which lasted just 16 performances. She continued to sing at the Blue Angel and other cabarets, including New York's Bon Soir and Downstairs at the Upstairs, the Colony in London, and Bricktop's in Rome. In 1959, she began hosting her own musical radio show, Sunday in New York, produced by Allen Ludden. Tracks from the series would later comprise <mask>'s 1994 CD, Sunday in New York, released on the Lockett-Palmer label.Los Angeles

Her cabaret career, like the scene itself, was starting to wane, and in 1960 <mask> moved to Los Angeles. There she maintained a dual career as a writer of special musical material (for Carol Burnett, Debbie Reynolds, Marlene Dietrich, Julie Andrews,  and others) and as vocal coach to such actors as Rod Steiger. She also became an actress who specialized, inadvertently, in roles of nuns. In The Sound of Music (1965), <mask> played Sister Berthe, who saved the von Trapp family in pre-World War II Austria by sabotaging a Nazi car. <mask> uttered the memorable line, "Reverend Mother, I have sinned." The next year she appeared as Sister Elizabeth in the film comedy The Trouble with Angels. In 1967 <mask> appeared as Sister Benedict on the TV western The Big Valley in the episode titled "Days of Grace."She appeared in the movie Doctor Dolittle and worked as consulting producer and writer for the 1969 TV special, Debbie Reynolds and the Sound of Children. During her L.A. years, <mask> studied painting with celebrity portraitist and art teacher Richard McKenzie, who was Fred Astaire's son-in-law and who owned an art gallery in Beverly Hills. In honor of <mask>'s repeated castings as a nun, the gallery hosted an exhibition of nun paintings by <mask> and other artists. When her friend Rock Hudson was preparing to record his first and only album, Rock, Gently: Rock Hudson Sings the Songs of Rod McKuen (on the Stanyan label) in 1970, <mask> coached the actor vocally. Another friend, the actor, screenwriter, and novelist Tom Tryon, cast her as the busybody Mrs. Rowe in the 1972 film version of his thriller novel, The Other. New York

In the 1960s <mask> had sung little; her only album of that decade, Picadilly Pickle: Lady Nelson and the Lords, was a rock-and-roll spoof on which <mask> played Vox organ and didn't sing. Around 1971, she returned to New York and made a rare cabaret appearance at the short-lived club Mary Mary, owned by singer-actress Mary McCarty.In 1976, with a cabaret renaissance underway in New York and other cities, <mask> made her official singing comeback with an engagement at the Manhattan club Brothers & Sisters; thereafter she sang at other New York clubs (The Ballroom, Ted Hook's OnStage, Freddy's Supper Club) and at the Mocambo in San Francisco. Reviewing her appearance at The Ballroom, Rex Reed wrote:  "With silver hair rising to a peak atop sleek chiffon and mile-long pearls, Miss <mask> is as graceful and refined to observe as she is to listen to." Acting work, 1970s-1980s
From May through November 1976, <mask> played the small role of Therese, a spinster, in the touring company of The Baker's Wife, a musical by Stephen Schwartz and Joseph Stein. The show was Broadway-bound, but closed in Washington, D.C. before its New York opening. <mask> continued to act, taking on roles in the soap operas The Doctors and All My Children (in which she played the recurring role of nanny Rachel Gurney) and appearing on numerous TV commercials. She was also seen on an episode of the sitcom Chico and the Man and in the movie Can't Stop the Music (1980), which starred the Village People. <mask> was a cancer survivor, having conquered breast cancer after a mastectomy in 1973.Four years later, Popular Library published <mask>'s milestone book, There's a Hole in My Sidewalk:  The Romance of Self-Discovery. (Beyond Words Publishing reissued it in 1993.) Its cover appears on a poster displayed in the office of Sean McGuire, the fictional psychologist portrayed by Robin Williams in the film Good Will Hunting (1997). <mask> turned the book into an off-Broadway musical, presented at the York Theatre in Manhattan. One of her poems, "Autobiography in Five Short Chapters", went on to become a highly popular self-help and recovery text:

 Chapter I
I walk down the street. There is a deep hole in the sidewalk. I fall in.I am lost ... I am helpless. It isn't my fault. It takes me forever to find a way out. Chapter II
I walk down the same street. There is a deep hole in the sidewalk. I pretend I don't see it.I fall in again. I can't believe I am in the same place. But it isn't my fault. It still takes a long time to get out. Chapter III
I walk down the same street. There is a deep hole in the sidewalk. I see it is there.I still fall in ... it's a habit. My eyes are open. I know where I am. It is my fault. I get out immediately. Chapter IV
I walk down the same street. There is a deep hole in the sidewalk.I walk around it. Chapter V
I walk down another street. The poem (which was often uncredited to <mask>) was adopted by motivational speakers and reprinted in The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying by Sogyal Rinpoche, as well as in the foreword of TV actress Roseanne Barr's autobiography, My Lives. Jazz singer Dianne Reeves set the poem to music and recorded it as "The First Five Chapters" on her live CD In the Moment (2000). Later life and death
In the early 1990s, a bout with throat and tongue cancer – which <mask>, who never smoked, blamed on her years of singing in smoky nightclubs – robbed her of her soprano voice. Within a couple of years she had resumed singing in a low, husky speech-song style, while devoting more attention to her songwriting. By the end of her career <mask> had written hundreds of songs, as well as scores for various book musicals and animated films.All went unproduced, but <mask> was lavished with accolades for her accomplishments. In October 1992, the Mabel Mercer Foundation honored her with its Premier Cabaret Classic Award. On January 20, 1993, at the inauguration of President Bill Clinton, the mezzo-soprano Marilyn Horne, a close friend of hers, sang the song that would become <mask>'s trademark, "Make a Rainbow". <mask> had written it in the 1960s and dedicated it to Horne's bi-racial daughter Angela. In 1996, <mask>'s "As I Remember Him" was voted Song of the Year by the Manhattan Association of Cabarets and Clubs (MAC). That same year, Backstage magazine honored her for lifetime achievement at its annual Bistro Awards. Also in 1996, DRG Records issued This Life, a CD of her original songs as sung by cabaret artists Margaret Whiting, Amanda McBroom, Ann Hampton Callaway, Deborah Tranelli, Nancy LaMott, and <mask> herself.DRG also reissued <mask>'s three solo albums of the 1950s. In early 2001, she was honored at a MAC/ASCAP Songwriters' Showcase in New York; around that time she made her last appearance at a performance of a revue of her songs, This Life, at the New York cabaret Don't Tell Mama. By now her cancer had recurred, and the singer died in her apartment on March 6, 2001. At her request, <mask>'s ashes were spread by friends and family at the Kolob Canyons in Utah's Zion National Park, one of her favorite childhood recreational spots. Also per her wishes, the singer's writings, photographs, recordings, press clippings, and personal memorabilia were donated to the New York Public Library to establish the Portia Nelson Archive at the Library for the Performing Arts in New York City. Discography

Solo albums
 Love Songs for a Late Evening (Columbia Masterworks ML 4722; CD reissue: DRG 91451) Recorded 1952
 Autumn Leaves (Dolphin 4; CD reissue: DRG 91442) Recorded 1955
 Let Me Love You: <mask> <mask> Sings the Love Songs of Bart Howard (New Sound NS 3002; CD reissue: DRG 91442) Recorded 1956
 Sunday in New York (Lockett-Palmer CD LPR 941402) Recorded 1959
 Picadilly Pickle: Lady Nelson and the Lords (Dunhill/ABC DS-50028) Recorded 1967

Guest appearances
 Oklahoma!

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title: John Mills (encyclopedist)

texts:
<mask> (c. 1717 – c. 1794) was an English writer on agriculture, translator and editor. <mask> and Gottfried Sellius are known for being the first to prepare a French edition of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia for publication in 1745, which eventually resulted in the Encyclopédie published in France between 1751 and 1772. As writer on agriculture, <mask> is credited for publishing the earliest complete treatise on all branches of agriculture. His chief work, A New System of Practical Husbandry, in 5 volumes, appeared in 1767. It combines the results of the experience and observations of such writers as Evelyn, Duhamel, <mask>, and Jethro Tull, and was highly commended. <mask> was a warm advocate of small farms. Biography
<mask> was a person of considerable eminence in the 18th century, though little definite is known because no record exists of his life.From his manner of expression, it is possible he may have lived his early life in foreign countries a long time, possibly in France, but he was not born there. In 1741 he was staying in London, where he had made preparations to go to Jamaica. He cancelled those plans because, as he wrote "having met with something more advantageous which engages me to stay in England" <mask> married a French woman, and they had two children; one baptised in Paris on 27 April 1742 and another born in May 1743. In 1743 <mask> was in Paris for the purpose of bringing out, in concert with Gottfried Sellius, a German historian, a French edition of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia; but Lebreton, the printer commissioned by him to manage the undertaking, cheated him out of the subscription money, assaulted him, and ultimately obtained a license in his own name. This was the origin of the famous Encyclopédie. <mask>, unable to obtain redress, returned to England. In 1755 <mask> had started translation The History of the Roman Emperors, from Augustus to Constantine by Jean-Baptiste Louis Crévier from the French, and in 1763 <mask> continued and completed the Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, by Thomas Blackwell the younger.In the 1760s he found his true vocation as a writer on agriculture, which started with his translation in 1762 of Duhamel du Monceau's Practical Treatise of Husbandry. In 1766 he published an Essay on the Management of Bees. The A New System of Practical Husbandry, (1767) treated all branches of agriculture, and contains the first mention of the potato as grown in fields. In 1770 appeared a translation from the Latin of G.A. Gyllenberg's Natural and Chemical Elements of Agriculture; in 1772 an Essay on the Weather (translated into Dutch in 1772), and Essays, Moral, Philosophical, and Political (anonymous, but advertised under his name); and in 1776 a Treatise on Cattle. On 13 February 1766 <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society with Benjamin Franklin as one of his sponsors. He was the first foreign associate of the French Agricultural Society, on whose list his name, with London as his residence, appears from 1767 to 1784.He was also member of the Royal Societies of Agriculture of Rouen, the Mannheim Academy of Sciences, and the Economical Society of Bern. Work
<mask> was credited for his comprehensive knowledge of agriculture, and of the cultivation and use of the ground. He authored and translated several works in these fields. He became a well known author on the subject of husbandry in the 1760s, and was elected member of the Royal Society in 1766. He had come to prominence about twenty years earlier, while working on the translation of Chambers's Cyclopaedia. Encyclopédie

Ephraim Chambers had first published his Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in two volumes in London in 1728, following several dictionaries of arts and sciences that had emerged in Europe since the late 17th century. This work became quite renowned, and four editions were published between 1738 and 1742.An Italian translation of this work appeared from 1747 to 1754. In France a member of the banking family Lambert began translating Chambers into French, but in 1745 <mask> and Gottfried Sellius were the first to actually prepare a French edition of Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia for publication, which they entitled Encyclopédie. Early in 1745 <mask> and Sellius published a prospectus for the Encyclopédie to attract subscribers to the project. This four-page prospectus was illustrated by Jean-Michel Papillon, and accompanied by a plan (see image), stating that the work would be published in five volumes from June 1746 until the end of 1748. The text was translated by <mask> and Sellius, and it was corrected by an unnamed person, who appears to have been Denis Diderot. The prospectus was reviewed quite positively and cited at some length in several journals. The Mémoires pour l'histoire des sciences et des beaux arts journal praised the project as "voici deux des plus fortes entreprises de Littérature qu'on ait faites depuis long-tems" (here are two of the greatest efforts undertaken in literature in a long time).The Mercure Journal in June 1745 wrote a 25-pages article specifically praising Mill's role as translator; the Journal introduced <mask> as an English scholar who had been raised in France and who spoke both French and English as a native. The Journal reports that <mask> had discussed the work with several academics, was zealous about the project, had devoted his fortune to support this enterprise, and was the sole owner of the publishing privilege. However, the co-operation fell apart later in 1745. André Le Breton, the publisher commissioned to manage the undertaking, cheated <mask> out of the subscription money, claiming, for example, that <mask>' knowledge of French was inadequate. In a confrontation Le Breton physically assaulted <mask>. <mask> took Le Breton to court, but the court decided in Le Breton's favour. Le Breton replaced <mask> with Jean Paul de Gua de Malves, who in turn was later replaced by Denis Diderot.Soon after the court ruling, <mask> left for England. The History of the Roman Emperors, from Augustus to Constantine, 1755

<mask> re-emerged from the shadow in 1755 as the translator of The History of the Roman Emperors, from Augustus to Constantine. This work was originally written in 10 volumes by Jean-Baptiste Louis Crévier, who was Professor of Rhetoric in the Collège de Beauvais in Paris. <mask> had translated from the French the first two volumes, when in 1755 a review of this work was published in The monthly review of literary journal. The review introduced <mask> as the translator, with the following phrase:

Mr. <mask>, and his other works, we are alike strangers to; but have been informed he has published some tracts, with reputation, abroad; and that he was the first undertaker and promoter of the translation of Chambers's Cyclopædia into French... In Robert Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica (1824, p. 670) this translation was credited to another <mask> Esq., but this description clearly indicates we are dealing with one and the same person. The 1755 review was critical about Mill's translation skills, and stated:

...If he is an Englishman, which, but for his name, we should doubt, from his manner of expression, it is possible he may have lived so long in foreign countries, as to have somewhat lessened his acquaintance with his vernacular language: for we have met with few writers that have shewn themselves less masters of its purity, Mr. <mask> has judiciously observed, that "the great pest of speech is frequency of translation.No book was ever turned from one language to another, without imparting something of its native idiom; this is the most mischievous and comprehensive innovation; single words may enter by thousands, and 'the fabric of the tongue continue the fame; but new phraseology changes much at once, it alters not the single stones of the building, but the order of the columns." The review specifically expressed, that <mask> left his diction in a Gallic form, that renders it uncouth to an English ear. They hoped, that the remaining volumes would be more agreeable to the reader. It is unknown if <mask> fulfilled this expectation, but he did translate another eight volumes, which were published in the next years. A practical Treatise of Husbandry, 1759
<mask> first serious work in the field of agriculture, was the translation of Duhamel du Monceau's Practical Treatise of Husbandry, from the French. The full title of this translation is:

A practical Treatise of Husbandry: Wherein are contained many useful and valuable Experiments and Observations in the New Husbandry, collected during a Series of Years, by the celebrated, M. Duhamel Du Monceau, Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences dt Paris, Fellow of the Royal Society, London, &c. Also the most approved Practice of the best English Farmers, in the old Method of Husbandry. With Copper-Plates of several new and useful Instruments., 4tO.16s. Whiston, &c.

Duhamel's work originally consisted of five volumes, which were published at different times. <mask> didn't translation this work as a whole. He translated only such experiments as seemed to him most instructive in the then modern practice of farming, either according to the old or new method. <mask> explained in the preface, that "Duhamel and his correspondents have set the world an example which has long been wanted, and greatly desired by all who have the good of their country at heart, and are in the least sensible of the importance of Agriculture. They have given us a series of experiments in this most useful art, continued for several years together, with accuracy and judgment, and related in a clear, distinct, manner." According to <mask> the work of Duhamel is noted for it empirical origin.Theory alone can avail but little in agriculture, <mask> declared, referring to the following observation by Francis Home:

Agriculture does not take its rise originally from reason, but from fact and experience. It is a branch of natural philosophy, and can only be improved from a knowledge of facts, as they happen in nature. It is by attending to these facts that the other branches of natural philosophy have been so much advanced during these two last ages. Medicine has attained its present per section, only from the history of diseases and cafes delivered down. Chemistry is now reduced to a regular system, by the means of experiments made either by chance or

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title: John Mills (encyclopedist)

texts:
 design. But where are the experiments in Agriculture to answer this purpose ? When I look round for such, I can find few or none.There then lies the impediment in the way of Agriculture. Books in that art, we are not deficient in: but the book which we want, is a book of experiments. Only after reading the three first volumes of Experiments published by M. Duhamel, Francis Home declared: "They are distinct, exact, conclusive so far as they have gone, and stand a model for experiments in Agriculture. What a shame for Great Britain, where Agriculture is so much cultivated, to leave its exact value to be determined by foreigners!" Memoirs of the court of Augustus, 1763

Another of <mask>' projects was the continuation and completion of the third volume of Memoirs of the court of Augustus in 1763
from the original papers of Thomas Blackwell. Blackwell's works, including An Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer (1735), Letters Concerning Mythology (1748) and Memoirs of the Court of Augustus (3 vols., 1753–63), established him as one of the premier figures in the Scottish Enlightenment. Blackwell had published the first two volumes between 1753 and 1757, and the third volume was printed off to p. 144, when Blackwell died.An advertisement prefixed to this volume explained the continuation:

"The proprietor, unwilling to let the sets of those gentlemen who had purchased the former volumes remain incomplete, put all the papers left by the author, relative to this work, into the hands of the present editor, who begs leave to observe, that those papers being, in general, Little more than loose leaves, detached notes, memorandums, and, very often, only bare hints of things intended to be said, without any connection, reference to each other, or even paging, he hopes he may justly claim some indulgence from the public, wherever he has erred in his endeavours to give them the order and method which he imagines might have been Dr. Blackwell's, if that gentleman had lived to finish his work." <mask> further stated Blackwell's loose papers were deficient, and he had to recourse to the Ancients. A review of this work by Tobias Smollett in The Critical Review: Or, Annals of Literature stated, that "it is impossible for us to ascertain the particular passages of this publication that belong to Mr. <mask>; but we will venture to say, upon the whole, that this volume, both in point of composition and language, is not inferior to its two elder brothers." A new and complete system of practical husbandry, 1762–1765
<mask> wrote A new and complete system of practical husbandry, in five volumes, which were published between 1762 and 1765. The full titles of this work was:

 A new and complete system of practical husbandry, containing all that experience has proved to be most useful in farming, either in the old or new method, with a comparative view of both, and whatever is beneficial to the husbandman, or conducive 'to the ornament and improvement of the country gentleman's estate;

The five volumes of a new and complete system of husbandry, by <mask>, is the first publication on agriculture that presents all the branches of the art within the compass of one work. <mask> Worlidge began the attempt, but failed in the comprehension that is required. The first volume of <mask> treats "soils" in the different kinds, clays, sands, and loams; manures, animal and vegetable, and composts; of the improvement of moorlands, and boggy lands and all uncultivated lands; the culture of grain and pulse; the sowing and change of crops; the culture of wheat, and rye, oats, barley, maize, or Indian corn, millet, panic, rice, buckwheat; culture of pulse, viz., beans, peas, vetches, lentils, and lupines.Volume II. contains the horse-hoeing husbandry of grain and pulse; the distempers of corn. Volume III. treats the enemies of corn; preservation of grain, turnips, potatoes, cabbages, clover, sainfoin, lucerne, cytisus, burnet, natural grasses; enclosing, and the situation of farms and farm houses. Volume IV. contains "Gardening, and the culture of hops and olive"." Volume V. treats " The making and managing o fermented liquors," and concludes with hemp, flax, madder, woad, weld, or dyer's weed, and a long appendix to each volume.<mask> leads all the previous authors in the arrangement of his work, which undoubtedly carried away the palm of agricultural writing at the time of its appearance. He joins extensively with <mask> and Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, and does ample justice to the system of cultivation proposed by Jethro Tull. Turnips and potatoes were in general use, and the Rotherham plough is figured in the work, as are also thirteen of the natural grasses. Potatoes are entered in this work for the first time as a vegetable in the field cultivation, being about 150 years after the use of the plant was known as an esculent root. <mask> quotes the authority of Miller in proof of its value and extensive utility. This author conveys his meaning and intelligence in the true style of writing—cool and plausible, and with becoming diffidence on all scientific disquisitions. No dogmatism mars the placid tenor of his story.<mask> was a great stickler for small farms, almost cottier allotments; he did not see that any single bodily labour can effect but very little unless in combination, and that extensive projects employ most labour, and produce the largest results. A thick mist long clouded the human vision on that and similar points, and is not yet dispelled. Other works
The full titles of his other works <mask> authored were:
 "A treatise on cattle, showing the most approved methods of breeding, rearing, and fitting for use horses, asses, mules, horned cattle, sheep, goats, and swine, with directions for the proper treatment of them in their several diseases. To which is added a dissertation on their contagious diseases, carefully collected from the best authorities, and interspersed with remarks." "An essay on the management of bees; wherein is shown the method of rearing these useful insects, and that the practice of saving their lives when their honey and wax are taken from them was known to the ancients, and is in itself simple and easily executed;"
 "An essay on the weather, with remarks on the shepherd of Banbury's rules forjudging of its changes, and directions for preserving lives and buildings from the fatal effects of lightning;"
The treatise on cattle is an octavo volume of 491 pages, and treats horses, asses, mules, horned cattle, sheep, goats, and swine, with the cures of their disorders, which have a dissertation on their nature. The matter is more descriptive than that of Bradley, but not so practical in the application, though much merit is attached to the knowledge it shows of the origin and progress of the different animals. <mask> also translated "Duhamel's husbandry;" in 1759, "Natural and chemical elements of agriculture, from the Latin of Gustavus Adolphus Gyllenborg;" in 1770, and he was the reputed author of some essays, moral, philosophical, and political.Legacy
In the field of agricultural science <mask> was a proponent of a new movement named "horse-hoeing husbandry" or "new husbandry". This was based on the work of Jethro Tull, and supported by Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau in France, Michel Lullin de Chateauvieux in Switzerland, <mask> in England. <mask> translated their work, and introduced it in England, wherein for example Arthur Young learned about the work of Louis François Henri de Menon. In return <mask>'s main work A New and Complete System of Practical Husbandry was translated into German, and had its influence in the main land. The British The Complete Farmer: Or, a General Dictionary of Husbandry 3rd ed. (1777). The Complete Farmer, listed <mask> in the subtitle of this work among the foremost authorities in the field of Husbandry of his time.Other people mentioned in this context were Carl Linnaeus, Louis François Henri de Menon, Hugh Plat, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, Jethro Tull, William Ellis, Philip Miller, Thomas Hale, Edward Lisle, Roque, and Arthur Young. In the 19th century Donaldson (1854) in his Agricultural Biography, credited <mask>' Practical Husbandry for being the "first publication on agriculture that presents all the branches of the art within the compass of one work. 'Worlidge began the attempt, but failed in the comprehension required." However, by then most of the work of the proponents of "horse-hoeing husbandry" had become obsolete, due to the rapid progress of agriculture in those days. Specifically <mask>' Practical Husbandry was used as reference until the 1820s. Other of his works have also been credited until in our days. For example The Management of Bees, was called "one of the bee books which are worth reading over and over again."And the An Essay in the Weather Mills is considered unmatched for a long time "despite two centuries of philosophical work." Selected publications
 Thomas Blackwell, <mask> (historical writer.) Memoirs of the court of Augustus. Continued and completed by <mask>. A. Millar. 1753–63
 Jean-Baptiste Louis Crévier. The History of the Roman Emperors, from Augustus to Constantine, by Mr. Crevier, professor of rhetoric in the college of Beauvais.Translated from the French by <mask>. (10 volumes) 1755; Vol 1; Vol. 9
 Duhamel du Monceau. A Practical Treatise of Husbandry. J. Whiston and B. White, London 1759. Translated from the French by <mask>.<mask>. A New and Complete System of Practical Husbandry. London 1762–1765 (5 volumes): volume 1; Volume 2 Volume 3; Volume 4; Volume 5 ; German translation Volume 5, 1769
 <mask>. An Essay on the Management of Bees. London 1766
 Gustavus Adolphus Gyllenborg. The Natural and Chemical Elements of Agriculture. Translated from the Latin by <mask>, 1770.<mask>. An Essay on the Weather. London 1770; Dutch translation, Amsterdam, 1772. <mask>. Essays moral, philosophical and political. S. Hooper, 1772
 <mask>. A Treatise on Cattle.1776

References

External links

 The Encyclopédie – BBC Radio 4 broadcast (2010-10-26, 21:30)
 Die Encyclopédie von Diderot und d'Alembert: Am Anfang steht die Idee by Ulrike Spindler at historicum.net, 2010

Attribution

1717 births
1794 deaths
18th-century English non-fiction writers
18th-century English male writers
Agricultural writers
British agriculturalists
English encyclopedists
English male non-fiction writers
Fellows of the Royal

masks:
Mills
Mills
Mills
John Mills
Mills
John
Mills
Mills
John Evelyn
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
John Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
John Mills
John Evelyn
John Worlidge
John Mortimer
Mills
Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills
John Mills