title: Ricky Wong (Malaysian businessman)

texts:
<mask> (born 12 December 1981 in Kuala Lumpur) is a Malaysian investor, entrepreneur and philanthropist. He is the former CEO and founder of Asia Media, Malaysia's largest Transit-TV network operator, three-time winner of the JCI – Creative Young Entrepreneur Award. He was honoured as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum, Davos in 2014. Biography
<mask> attended Chong Hwa Independent High School, Kuala Lumpur. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Accounting and Finance from Lancaster University Management School. <mask> practised accounting briefly in the United Kingdom before returning to Malaysia where he joined a manufacturing company. Asia Media
<mask> founded Asia Media in 2007.Under his leadership, Asia Media has grown into a media company that reaches over 1.24 million viewers daily. The company also owns and operates the largest Transit-TV network in Malaysia known as Asia Media TV (AMTV). Asia Media was the first Malaysian company to be awarded 10-year licenses to operate three (3) blocks of L-Band Spectrums for both fixed and mobile broadcasting. The licenses cover both free and paid broadcasting models. The company opted for DMB-T technology for its mobile TV application. Bright Packaging
On 10 February 2014, non-executive director Datuk Seri Syed Ali Alhabshee has ceased to be a substantial shareholder of the company following the disposal of his entire shareholding in a direct business transaction to <mask>. <mask> currently holds a 32.81% stake in Bright Packaging.In October 2013, <mask> emerged as a dominant shareholder in Bright Packaging Industry Berhad, a main board listed company on Bursa Malaysia. This is the second public-listed company in which the 31-year-old <mask> has a controlling stake after Asia Media. <mask> acquired a 22.73% equity stake in the packaging company which also owns two freehold sites with a combined area of 136,998 square feet in Prime Klang valley's Subang Hi-Tech Industrial Park where its headquarters and factories are located. As of 31 August 2013, debt-free Bright Packaging had cash of $19.94 million while net assets per share stood at 62 cents. The market reacted positively after news of <mask>'s investment was made public and the stock increased another 17% on news of its expansion plan through rights issue. News of Wong's interest in taking the company private were denied by the Board in its annual general meeting held on 24 February 2014. <mask> has quietly built up his stake in the company and currently holds 32.81% which is just short of the 33% threshold required to trigger a mandatory general offer.Techfast Holdings
In May 2014, <mask> made an offer of to acquire Techfast Holdings. The offer was submitted on the same day that Techfast held its AGM raising speculation that the offer may turn hostile. <mask> had previously built a 14.45% stake in the company. TechFast noted its listing status is expected to be maintained should <mask>'s offer be accepted. This offer has been perceived as a takeover, an attempt by <mask> to control three public-listed companies. Techfast Holdings's conditional voluntary takeover offer by <mask> to acquire all the remaining shares in the company could only gather 22.48% of the share capital in Techfast with the offer tabled. The offer failed to meet the acceptance conditions within the proposed timeline.Since the failed takeover by <mask> in May 2014, <mask> through his personal investment company Wong SK Holdings Sdn Bhd, has quietly emerged as the second largest shareholder of Techfast Holdings bearing 24,518,700 shares which equivalent to 16% of the share capital. According to its Annual Report 2014, the largest shareholder is AVB Ventures Sdn Bhd which is controlled by its Managing Director Mr. Yap Yoon Seng, bearing 18.42% of its share capital. It remain to be seen that <mask> emergence as the second largest shareholder of Techfast Holdings will again turn hostile to the incumbent Board of Directors. Young Global Leader
On 11 March 2014, <mask> was the only Malaysian honoured by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader this year. This honour is bestowed by the World Economic Forum each year to recognise leaders who, amongst others, have achieved their success under the age of forty (40) and have track record of substantial leadership experience. <mask> and 213 other honourees who were nominated from around the world, join the ranks of some of the most accomplished business and political leaders. Junior Chamber International
<mask> is a three-time winner of the Malaysia's Junior Chamber International's Creative Young Entrepreneur Award from 2008 till 2010 which is designed specifically to recognise and honour exceptionally creative young entrepreneurs for their success.JCI is a worldwide federation of young professionals and entrepreneurs between the ages of eighteen (18) to forty (40) with representatives from more than one hundred (100) nations. Awards

2014
In the 16 November 2014 issue of Malaysian Business magazine, <mask> appeared in the "30 Successful Under-40 Malaysians" list. He stood out for the successes he have carved out in the media industry which he replicated across different industries as an investor. In the 30 August 2014 issue of Focus Malaysia Weekly, <mask> appeared in the "20 Rich and Young" list. <mask>'s holdings in public companies is estimated to be worth some $56.8 million from his stakes in Asia Media, Bright Packaging Industry Bhd and Techfast Holdings Bhd. 2013
In the 30 March 2013 issue of Focus Malaysia Weekly, <mask> appeared in the "40 CEOs under 40" list. <mask> is the youngest CEO of a Bursa-listed company and Asia Media is the first company in Malaysian corporate history to have grown organically from a self-funded startup into a company listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia.In February 2013, <mask> was listed in the Top 10 ACE Market millionaires by Malaysian Business magazine for the third year in a row. 2012
In February 2012, <mask>, was listed in the Top 10 ACE Market millionaires list by Malaysian Business magazine in its February 2012 issue. 2011
In February 2011, <mask> was listed in the Top 10 ACE Market millionaires list by Malaysian Business magazine in its February 2011 issue. Also in the same month, <mask> was featured as the winner in Prestige magazine's 'PRESTIGE 2010s Top 40 Under 40' award. On 11 January 2011, a date deliberately chosen as an auspicious day according to Chinese culture, <mask> led Asia Media Group to a strong debut on the ACE Market opening at 40 sen, up 74% from its offer price of 23 sen. Subsequently, it closed at 28.5 sen, up 24% from its offer price with 40.92 million shares done. In January 2011, Asia Media Group, the parent company of Asia Media, a digital out-of-home Transit-TV company, saw the public portion of its initial public offering (IPO) oversubscribed by 21.46 times.The company was listed on the Ace Market of Bursa Malaysia on 11 January 2011. 2008 – 2010
In September 2010, <mask> was announced as the top 3 winner in the worldwide JCI – Creative Young Entrepreneur Award 2010. In August 2010, <mask> was also awarded Malaysia's JCI – Creative Young Entrepreneur Award for three years running, 2008, 2009 and 2010. In July 2010, <mask> picked up Asia Pacific Entrepreneurship Awards (APEA) 2010 under the category of the Most Promising Entrepreneur Awards <mask> was honoured with the 8th Asia Pacific International Entrepreneur Excellence Award 2009 under the category of Leadership Excellence. For his contributions to the media industry and society. <mask> was conferred the Darjah Indera Mahkota Pahang (D.I.M.P) which carries the title "Dato'" by the seventh King of Malaysia His Royal Highness Sultan Pahang Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, in conjunction with His Royal Highness's 78th birthday on 24 October 2008. 2020
On 10 May 2020, Securities Commission has filed a civil suit against <mask> and two others in allegedly causing wrongful losses to Company.<mask> has engaged solicitors defending the matter

2021
On 2 Nov 2021, Securities Commission is seeking information and assistance from the public to locate the whereabouts of the former Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Asia Media Group Bhd (AMGB), <mask> Shee Kai. A warrant of arrest was issued for <mask> by the Kuala Lumpur Magistrate’s Court on 29 September 2021 for offences under the Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 (CMSA). <mask> had furnished a false statement relating to AMGB’s revenue of RM11.13 million to Bursa Malaysia. He has been at large since December 2019. References

1981 births
Living people
People from Kuala Lumpur
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Malaysian businesspeople

masks:
Ricky Wong Shee Kai
Wong
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title: Frederick Townsend Ward

type: original

texts:
<mask> (; November 29, 1831September 22, 1862) was an American sailor and soldier of fortune known for his military service in Imperial China during the Taiping Rebellion. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Salem, Massachusetts on November 29, 1831. <mask> was rebellious in his youth, so his father removed <mask> from school in 1847 and found him a position as second mate on the Hamilton, a clipper ship commanded by a family friend. Another version is that <mask> demanded to leave school. Life at sea proved difficult. <mask> was given authority over many “old salts”. He was thrown overboard after complaints that he gave too many orders for a youth.Captain William Allen recalled that <mask> possessed traits of “reckless daring”, but was on the whole a valuable officer. On the Hamilton, <mask> sailed from New York to Hong Kong in 1847, but probably saw little beyond the port city because the Qing Dynasty forbade foreigners from venturing inland (Hong Kong Island had become a British Crown Colony in 1842, at the end of the First Opium War). In 1849 <mask> enrolled at the “American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy”, now Norwich University, in Vermont, where the curriculum included military tactics, strategy, drill, and ceremonies. He attended for only a few months, before he left school and never returned. In 1850 he shipped out as first mate of the clipper ship Russell Clover. His father was the captain. <mask> <mask> in the 1850s
1850 First Mate, clipper ship Russell Clover, New York to San Francisco.Visits Gold Fields (?) Meets Giuseppe Garibaldi in Panama or Peru (?) 1851 First Mate, trading barque, San Francisco & Shanghai. Sailor, coastal cargo ships, China coast
1852 Sailor, coastal cargo ships, China coast, First Officer (XO), cargo ship Gold Hunter, carrying coolie labor to Mexico. Debarks in Tehuantepec, Mexico. Meets William Walker, joins Walker forces as filibuster. 1853 Part of Walker's Sonora Filibuster Invasion of Mexico, resigns sometime in 1853 or 1854, remains in Mexico
1854 Mexico, scrap metal business.Venture fails, travels to San Francisco by mule. First Mate, Westward Ho! clipper ship, San Francisco – New York – Hong Kong. Refuses to filibuster for Taiping's (?) Manchu Government unwilling to employ Westerners. <mask> returns to New York, enlists in French Army, Enters Crimean War
1855 <mask> in Crimean War, allowed to resign after insubordination to superior
1856 Whereabouts unknown
1857 China, First Mate on coastal steamship Antelope
1858 Mercenary for Juarez in Mexico(?) Texas Ranger (?)1859 New York City, clerk in father's shipping agency office. Travels to San Francisco en route to Shanghai (accompanied by brother Harry)
1860 Arrives in Shanghai, (never to return to United States). XO on the Confucius, armed pirate suppression river steamer. Commander, Foreign Army Corps. Filibustering
Aside from working as a sailor during the 1850s, <mask> found employment, as a "filibuster". "Filibustering" is "raising private mercenary armies and leading them into other countries to advance either [one's own] schemes or those of wealthy sponsors". <mask> worked for the infamous “King of the Filibusters”, William Walker, in Mexico, where he learned how to recruit, train, and command mercenary troops.<mask> also learned to avoid some of Walker's practices and behaviors. Walker has a reputation for being "excessively vain, weak minded and ambitious… his weakness renders him cruel…" During <mask>'s later time in China, he displayed respect and concern for the Western and Chinese troops under his command, whom he referred to as "my people". <mask> learned about practical warfare during his "filibusteresque" experience in 1854 and when he served as a lieutenant with the French Army in the Crimean War. He learned about weapons, tactics, using riflemen in mobile platoons rather than in fixed firing lines and siege techniques. <mask> also learned that the frontal assault was of limited value against disciplined long-range firepower, and he gained experience under fire. He did not serve throughout the entire war, because he was 'allowed' to resign after being insubordinate to a superior officer. In 1857, <mask> sought work as a mercenary, but when he did not secure such work, he served as the first mate on a coastal steamship in dangerous waters.He worked as a shipping agent in his father's New York City office alongside his brother in 1859. Shanghai newcomer

The Gen. <mask> came to Penang on the steamer Ganges accompanied by the U.S. Minister and was transferred to the USS Powhatan on his way to Pekin in May 1859. The American government also at the same time chartered the steamer Hong Kong to accompany <mask> into the north and to return the remains of Ye Mingchen's for interment in Canton, 13 May 1859. According to a contemporary account written in early 1862, <mask> and his brother arrived in Shanghai, China in 1860 for the purpose of trading, perhaps as an extension of their father's New York office. This may be true, but given <mask>'s activities in the 1850s it is almost certain that <mask> had ulterior motives for his return. He had little respect for the Shanghai business practices, which he dismissed as “lying, swindling and smuggling”. Their arrival coincided with a buildup of Taiping forces in the area.While <mask>'s brother set up a trading business in Shanghai, <mask> himself took up customary employment as the executive officer on the Confucius, an armed riverboat commanded by an American, employed by the “Shanghai Pirate Suppression Bureau”. The Bureau was organized by Xue Huan and Wu Xu, Shanghai governmental officials who took pains to shield explicit imperial association with Western mercenaries and military, and primarily funded by Yang Fang, a prominent Ningbo banker and mercantilist. <mask>'s show of bravery and initiative on board the Confucius reflected great credit upon him, and the prominent men of Shanghai took notice. His exploits, previous military experience, ability to empathise with local populations and motivate Chinese soldiers, and his stated mercenary intentions, made him an attractive candidate to lead a force of foreign nationals in defense of Shanghai against encroaching Taiping forces. Wu Xu and Yang Fang both increasingly recognized that such a force was necessary, as Imperial forces, frequently staffed by Confucian scholars and conscripts, rather than experienced commanders and soldiers, had all too often proven unequal to the task of defeating Taiping forces. Through their contacts with the Western business community, and <mask>'s own relentless self-promotion, in the spring of 1860 Wu and Fang reached out to <mask> and became his employers. <mask> then began scouring the wharves of Shanghai for every Westerner, sober or otherwise, capable of firing a weapon.With this, the “Shanghai Foreign Arms Corps” was born, which in defeat, would form the nucleus for the “Ever Victorious Army”. Shanghai Foreign Arms Corps
In 1860, both Chinese and Westerners would place more faith in a small, motley group of mercenaries than readily available local citizenry, because the average Chinese of the time had little understanding of marksmanship, nor much impetus to defend the Manchu throne. Further, with Taiping armies edging closer to Shanghai, there was no time to train native peasants in either conventional Chinese or Western warfare. On the Shanghai docks, however, Westerners with diverse military experience existed as “discharged seamen, deserters, and other drifters who made Shanghai their temporary home, and even the gainfully employed could be tempted by the prospect of adventure, high pay, and loot.”

This weapon, already forged, was used by <mask> against the Taipings, with the backing of local Shanghai ministers and merchants, in a highly charged political atmosphere in which the Manchu Imperial forces had no desire to show their reliance upon Western powers. By the same token, the diplomats and military men of the Western powers discouraged foreign involvement in domestic Chinese matters, even by Westerners in Chinese employ. The Western powers' concerns did not relate to principle – they were most concerned about the power of the Taipings to block trade downriver from the interior to Shanghai if neutrality were violated. By June 1860, <mask> had a polyglot force of 100 Westerners, trained in the best small arms (including Colt revolvers) and rifles available for purchase in Shanghai.Protesting that his forces were not fully trained, <mask> was forced by his Shanghai backers to take his men into action alongside Imperial forces probing Taiping advances, retaking two captured towns. They were then forced by circumstances (and the urging of their Shanghai backers) to assault the Taiping occupied and fortified city of Songjiang, without artillery – a near-impossible task. The attack failed, sending the thoroughly defeated force back to Shanghai. However, by mid-July, <mask> had recruited additional Westerners and over 80 Filipino "Manilamen", and purchased several artillery pieces, and once again, his forces assaulted Sung-Chiang (松江). They were successful, but at enormous cost. Out of a force of roughly 250 men, 62 were killed, and 100 were wounded, including <mask> himself. <mask> and his forces now gained a notoriety that attracted new recruits (for the pay was attractive, even if looting was discouraged by <mask>), and enraged local Westerners who saw <mask> as an inflammatory, filibustering element sure to force the Taipings to stop the flow of trade.More disconcertingly, the Taipings themselves were now aware of a new and potent force against them. On August 2, 1860, <mask> led the Foreign Arms Corps against Chingpu (上海青浦), the next town from Sung-chiang on the approaches to Shanghai, and this time the Taiping were prepared. As the Corps stormed a garrison wall, Taiping forces lying in ambush waited for the optimum moment and then delivered a withering barrage of close-range musket fire. Within 10 minutes, the Foreign Arms Corps had suffered 50% casualties, and <mask> himself was shot in the left jaw, with an exit wound in the right cheek, scarring him for life and leaving him with a speech impediment. The force retreated and <mask> returned to Shanghai for medical treatment and to attempt to recruit more forces and buy additional artillery. Within several days he and the remnants of the Foreign Arms Corps laid siege to Chingpu and bombarded it with artillery. By this time, the Taiping's best military leader Li Xiucheng (李秀成), called Zhong Wang (忠王) or “The Faithful King”, dispatched 20,000 troops downriver to break the siege, sending the Foreign Arms Corps fleeing back to the Songjiang area, where <mask>'s second-in-command, Henry Andres Burgevine (another American fortune seeker), held the Corps briefly together, but it soon "ceased to function as an organized entity"

<mask> Wang's forces laid siege, and were beaten back by Western and Imperial forces within the City.<mask> left Shanghai (apparently secretly) in late 1860 for further treatment of his facial wound, while the remnants of the Corps remained more or less under the command of Burgevine. After <mask>'s death, Burgevine briefly took command of the force, but could not get along with his Imperial Chinese superiors and struck Yang Fang, whereupon Burgevine was relieved of command; he later went over to the Taiping rebels. In 1865, Burgevine was arrested by Imperial officers and died in a drowning accident. It is unclear as to whether Yang was still funding the Corps in the late fall of 1860, but upon <mask>'s return in the spring of 1861, <mask> was able to attract desired elements of the Corps back to his employ. After his return, <mask> tenaciously began to recruit and train replacements for the Foreign Arms Corps, offering terms attractive enough to cause desertion among the many British warships in port. <mask>, facing arrest and numerous political difficulties arising from the Western governments' desire to remain neutral, opted to become a Chinese subject, stymieing efforts by the British navy and other Western forces to stop him. In May 1861, <mask> once again led the Foreign Arms Corps into battle at Chingpu, and once again, the assault failed, with heavy casualties.This was the last major engagement of the Foreign Arms Corps in its “primarily Western” configuration. Judgments as to the effectiveness of the Foreign Army Corps vary depending upon the sympathies of the author. The most recent <mask> biographer, Caleb Carr, seems fairly generous in his estimation of <mask>'s accomplishments in his 1992 work. However, perhaps the most authoritative judgment was rendered by Richard J. Smith, who stated:

“Repeatedly sent into the field without adequate preparation by <mask>'s frantic sponsors, the poorly trained and ill-disciplined contingent stood virtually no chance of success against Li Xiucheng's seasoned troops. Sometimes drunk and always disorderly, the Foreign-Arms Corps depended primarily on the element of surprise and the superiority of Western weapons to obtain victory.”

<mask> clearly recognized the harsh truth of this statement. He soon embarked upon a new scheme, in which he would reform the more reliable elements of the Corps into the nucleus of an effective fighting force, composed primarily of local Chinese. Commander of the Ever Victorious Army
Credit for the concept of training Chinese in Western military tactics and arming them with the best available weaponry is sometimes given to <mask>, other times to Li Hongzhang, a local Imperial commander “ordered to cooperate with — and keep an eye on — <mask>'s unruly contingent” and other times to Burgevine, who according to some began the training while <mask> was recuperating, having been inspired by the sight of a Chinese gun crew acting under French direction.Perhaps another factor in the reconsideration of local Chinese troops was the changing mood of the local peasantry. Where before they had been unwilling to fight for Manchu primacy, they were now constantly threatened

masks:
Frederick Townsend Ward
Ward
Ward
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Ward
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Frederick Townsend
Ward
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Wardhong
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title: Frederick Townsend Ward

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 and in some cases occupied by Taiping forces that were, despite their “heavenly” origin, ruthless in their treatment of local populations. Indeed, in many cases informal militias were formed to drive Taiping forces out, and conduct guerilla operations. Regardless of the concept's true origin, <mask> became its champion and after his untimely death, no other commander could quite repeat his success. <mask>'s decision to turn to local Chinese forces would ensure his place in history, and help to end the Taiping Rebellion. By the summer of 1861, a training camp was established by Xue Huan's “right hand man” Wu Xu (吳煦) at Song Chiang (松江), where <mask> set up operations. Working with the best of the survivors of the Foreign Arms Corp, and supported by a strong Headquarters staff, <mask> trained an increasing number (see below) of Chinese in western small arms, gunnery, tactics, customs and drill and ceremonies.Particular care was taken to train the Chinese to hold their fire until their targets were within effective range. Chinese troops, both Taiping and Imperial, “had a lingering faith… in the intimidating power of noise”. He even trained them to respond to western bugle calls and verbal commands, and most strikingly, outfitted them in Western-style utility uniforms, color-coded for branch of arms (Infantry or Artillery), with Indian “Sepoy” style turbans. This garb, at first distressing to the Chinese troops, earned them the nickname “Imitation Foreign Devils” among the local populace, as well as a fair share of mockery. In time, as the troops proved themselves the equal of their European counterparts, both on the parade ground and the battlefield, their distinct uniforms would become a point of pride. Another point of pride was their pay, which was both high and consistent by Chinese standards – a strong recruiting drive that triumphed over most discomfort with unfamiliar uniforms. The pay was high in part to attract new recruits to dangerous work, but also to compensate for the lack of “looting” opportunity.<mask> strongly discouraged looting, as he knew the practice turned local populaces against their “liberators”. Other benefits offered to <mask>'s men included better rations, billets, and of course, better chance of survival in combat. By January 1862, with about one thousand Chinese soldiers trained and ready, <mask> stated that his unit was ready for the field – much to the relief of his Shanghai backers, particularly Yang Fang, who had significantly invested both government and private funds into the force's recruitment, arms and supplies. This was timely, as within the same month, the Chung Wang's forces reentered that region with over 120,000 troops, in an attempt to first cut off, and then enter and occupy Shanghai. <mask>, ever hungry for glory and no doubt seeking redress for his facial injury, welcomed the conflict, and was absolutely confident in his troops' ability to defend his Songjiang headquarters, while simultaneously operating as “flying columns” to be directed to strategic areas and Taiping vulnerabilities. He soon had several opportunities to test this confidence. In the middle of January, about 10 miles north of Shanghai in Wu-Sung, and over 25 snow-covered miles from their own headquarters, <mask> led his new army into action, under a banner carrying a Chinese rendering of his own name reading “HUA” (華, 华).His forces drove the Taipings from their entrenched positions, despite greater rebel numbers. A week later, after a return march, <mask>'s forces struck at the city of Guangfulin, occupied by over 20,000 Taiping troops, just five miles from <mask>'s own headquarters. <mask>, at the head of five hundred men, attacked the city without artillery support. The defenders, seeing the strange attire, military skill and foreign leadership of their own countrymen, wavered and “were filled with dismay and fled precipitately”

In February, again facing Taiping forces moving near his training area, <mask> took five hundred troops and in joint operations with local Imperial commanders, drove the rebels from Yinchipeng, Chenshan, Tianmashan, and other areas around Songjiang. In the course of these actions against superior numbers, thousands of Taiping were killed or wounded, while <mask> himself suffered five wounds, including the loss of a finger to a musket ball. Li Xiucheng, enraged at this foreign irritant, had a force of 20,000 attack Songjiang, defended only by <mask>'s force of about 1,500 men. Upon approach, rebel forces came under the fire of camouflaged artillery and lost over 2,000 men.Immediately thereafter infantry struck out of the city at the rebels, and cut off and captured another 800, while capturing a large number of boats bearing Taiping supplies and arms. The Taipings beat a hasty retreat, rather than lay siege to such a hornet's nest. It was this moment, perhaps, that secured <mask>'s reputation among all the people of the Shanghai area; Chinese, Western and Taiping alike. From this moment on, the key Western commanders and politicians would support him, funds for troops would flow relatively freely from Imperial coffers, and his decisions would no longer be second-guessed by his backers in Shanghai. By March 1862, <mask>'s force would be officially named by the Qing government, and to history, as “The Ever Victorious Army”, and <mask> himself would be made first a 4th-rank, and then a 3rd-rank mandarin, high honors from the Manchu court for a "barbarian". Through the course of 1862, “The Ever Victorious Army” (常勝軍); would essentially live up to its name, again and again defeating numerically superior opponents, often in entrenched positions. Further, its presence on the battlefield and example of effective Chinese soldiering served as a “force multiplier” for Imperial Anhui units commanded by Li Hongzhang, between whom and <mask> mutual respect grew during joint operations.During the summer, <mask>'s “duckfoot” background found immediate application to the problems of land warfare. The Chung Wang's growing Taiping forces in the area led to multiple threats at multiple points across the region. Clearly, mobility was needed for <mask>'s limited forces, but the road system was inadequate. While another commander might have tried to solve the problem through additional wagons and horses, <mask> saw the rivers and canals criss-crossing the region not as obstacles, but as passageways. He quickly secured the use of several river steamers, fitted them out as mobile artillery and troop transports, and increased his army's effectiveness several times over. Li Xiucheng himself later “attributed his defeats in the Suzhou area to Western steamers. Taiping land forces could contend with "foreign devils", he believed, but rebel water forces could not."Throughout this time, <mask>'s reputation continued to grow. <mask> himself, outwardly caring little for public adulation, still sought to quench some inner need for further glory, and hoped to participate in an eventual strike against Nanjing, the Taiping capital, but this was not to be. The Manchu court, suspicious of <mask> from the beginning, grew even more concerned that as time passed, he refused to shave his forehead, wear a queue or even appear in his fine Mandarin robes. These and other comments regarding his ambitions led the court to limit the size of his unit far beneath his potential to recruit for it, and to give <mask> far less rein than they would have to a commander with more Confucian leanings. By September, the Ever Victorious Army would number over 5,000 men, organized in four battalions as well as an artillery corps, with several riverboats used for transport and mobile artillery. <mask>'s army - troop strength over time
June 1860: 100 Foreign mercenaries, (no artillery at this time)
July 1860: 250 Foreign mercenaries, severe casualties, artillery present from this date on
August 1860: 200+ Foreign mercenaries, severe casualties, perhaps 50% effective
December 1860: Corps inactive (and unpaid?) while <mask> absent
May 1861: 200+ Foreign mercenaries, severe casualties
June 1861: 50+ Foreign mercenaries, Chinese training camp established
July 1861: 150 Chinese + foreign officers
October 1861: 400 Chinese + foreign officers
November 1861: Officially 430 Chinese + foreign officers, Spence states perhaps 3,000 more in actuality + armed riverboats & transports
January 1862: 1,000 Chinese + foreign officers
May 1862: 3,000 Chinese + foreign officers
September 1862: 5,000 Chinese + foreign & Chinese officers

Sources – Carr, Smith, Spence

Death in battle

<mask> was mortally wounded in the Battle of Cixi, about 10 miles from Ningbo on September 21, 1862, when he was shot in the abdomen.One version is that he was wounded at the base of the city wall. <mask> had survived 14 previous battlefield injuries. <mask> lingered for a day. During that time he dictated a will ensuring his brother, sister and Chinese wife, Chang Meihua, would be cared for; he died on the morning of September 22, 1862. <mask> died at the height of his fame, leaving an unusual, original army forged by an even more unusual commander. Legacy

Just as the events of the American Civil War overshadowed <mask>'s accomplishments in China during his life, his reputation after his death was overshadowed by Charles George Gordon, aka "Chinese Gordon", a British Army officer. After <mask>'s death, the command of the Ever-Victorious Army passed to his second in command, E. Forrester, Henry Andres Burgevine and later to Gordon.Gordon biographers diminish or disregard that <mask> creation, the Ever Victorious Army, an original and unique military development which made Gordon's famed success in China possible. Today, Chinese Gordon is remembered, while <mask> is largely forgotten. Some of Gordon's fame is due to his dramatic death in Khartoum years after the Taiping Rebellion. There have been several books on <mask> and the Ever Victorious Army by <mask>'s contemporaries and biographers published in the century since his death that seek to acknowledge <mask>'s contributions. The bestseller, The Devil Soldier (1992), by renowned historian and novelist Caleb Carr, was optioned for a motion picture soon after publication. Actor Tom Cruise and director John Woo were developing a movie scripted by Carr, but the project was never completed. The plot of the film The Last Samurai, produced in 2003,  was inspired by the 1877 Satsuma Rebellion led by Saigō Takamori, and to a lesser extent, by the stories of Jules Brunet, a French army captain who fought alongside Enomoto Takeaki in the earlier Boshin War, and of <mask> <mask>.Physical remains and monuments

There are just two U.S. memorials to <mask>, both in Salem, MA:  a headstone at an unfilled grave, and a collection of materials detailing his life and times by the Essex Institute. Caleb Carr explains that “<mask>'s remains were dug up, and his grave site and shrine were destroyed and paved over. The whereabouts of <mask>'s bones today are unknown. They have almost certainly been destroyed. A plain headstone over a cenotaph in Salem is the only memorial to this most noteworthy of nineteenth-century American adventurers.”

<mask> is also remembered in a Songjiang Roman Catholic Church, and in a Nanjing museum. One visitor wrote “The grave of <mask>, a Protestant, revered as a Chinese Confucian hero, with a temple in his honour, now lies under the altar of a Roman Catholic church [built in 1982], whilst the land itself is the property of the local Buddhist monastery in a Communist state... <mask> has not been forgotten in Songjiang and local memory still has <mask>'s bones under the high altar of the Catholic church”. <mask>'s accomplishments are documented in the Taiping Rebellion Museum in Nanjing.One visitor remarked “To my surprise I saw, in a museum in Nanjing, a tribute to <mask> — a large headstone bearing <mask>'s name, put in place by the American Legion on May 29, 1923.“

In fiction
<mask> appears in Flashman and the Dragon, the eighth volume of George MacDonald Fraser's fictional Flashman Papers as a gun smuggler (apocryphal) and as the leader of the embryonic Ever Victorious Army. <mask> appears as Fletcher Thorson Wood in the novel Yang Shen by James Lande, which relates the tale of the first three years of the Ever Victorious Army, from its beginning as the Foreign Rifles in 1860 through September 1862. Notes

Further reading
Carr, Caleb Devil Soldier: The Story of <mask> <mask>. Random House (1992). .
 Carr, Caleb. "The Devil Soldier" MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History (Spring 1992) 4#3 pp 48–55, on <mask> <mask>
 Heath, Ian. The Taiping Rebellion 1851-66:
Macgowan, D. J. Memoirs of Generals <mask>, Burgevine and the Ever-Conquering Legion. Smith, Richard J. Mercenaries and Mandarins: The Ever-Victorious Army in Nineteenth Century China.(1978)
Spence, Jonathan D. God's Chinese Son, The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan. W. W. Norton & Company (2002). .
Spence, Jonathan D. To Change China: Western Advisers in China  Penguin Books, 2002. Sources
A Massachusetts Soldier Becomes A God Of The Chinese Some Events of Boston and Its Neighbors Boston, The State Street Trust Company, 1917. Hosted at kellscraft.com. original. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001, Bartleby.com.<mask> <mask>. Appletons Encyclopedia, 2001. Virtualology.com. The King from the Sky —Conclusion— China Watch 2002, John Maher. Travel; Stickyourneckout.com. The American Soldier of fortune <mask> <mask> honoured and revered by the Chinese with a memorial temple. Keith Stevens (PDF) Scan from Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Vol.38 (1998), 8 pages. Hong Kong Journals Online, University of Hong Kong. <mask> Townsend <mask> Papers (MS 1666). Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. Deaths by firearm in China
Qing dynasty generals
Military leaders of the Taiping Rebellion
Norwich University alumni
People from Salem, Massachusetts
American sailors
1831 births
1862 deaths
American mercenaries
American expatriates in China
French Army

masks:
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Frederick Townsend
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Frederick Townsend
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Frederick Townsend
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Frederick Townsend
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Frederick
Ward


title: Josh Mansour

texts:
<mask> (Arabic: جوش منصور; born 17 June 1990) is a professional rugby league footballer who plays as a er for the South Sydney Rabbitohs in the NRL. He has played for Lebanon and Australia at international level. He has previously played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League, and at representative level played for the Prime Minister's XIII, NSW City Origin and New South Wales in the State of Origin series. Early life
<mask> was born in Sydney, Australia. He is of Lebanese and Cuban descent through his father, Fidel, who was born north of Beirut, Lebanon, and is of Portuguese descent through his mother, Angie, who was born in the Madeira archipelago. He played junior rugby league for the St Johns Eagles and the Kingsgrove Colts, and attended Holy Spirit College in Lakemba during his high school years. Playing career
After being cut from the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs' S. G. Ball Cup side, <mask> attended an open trial for the North Sydney Bears and was subsequently signed by the South Sydney Rabbitohs, playing in their NYC team between 2008 and 2010.<mask> was selected in 2010 as Winger of the Year NYC and was chosen as the NYC Player of the Year at the Rabbitohs. He represented Lebanon in the 2009 European Cup, and played for the Junior Kangaroos in 2010. <mask> graduated to South Sydney's full-time training squad in 2011, playing for their feeder team, the North Sydney Bears, in the New South Wales Cup. After a number of strong performances for Norths, <mask> caught the attention of Phil Gould at the Penrith Panthers who offered him a contract for the 2012 season. 2012
In round 9, <mask> made his NRL debut for the Penrith Panthers at Penrith Stadium on the wing in the 10–44 loss against the Melbourne Storm. <mask> scored a try on debut. He was named the Panthers rookie of the year after playing in 14 matches and scoring 7 tries in his debut year.2013
On 5 March, <mask> extended his contract with the club to the end of the 2014 season. In round 23, against the New Zealand Warriors, <mask> scored a spectacular put down of the ball just before going into the in goal in the 28–24 win at Mt Smart Stadium. <mask> played in 14 matches and scored 4 tries in 2013. 2014
In February, <mask> played in the Panthers inaugural Auckland Nines squad. On 3 June, he re-signed, keeping him at the Panthers until the end of the 2016 season after declining a lucrative offer from the Canberra Raiders. <mask> finished the season as the Panthers highest tryscorer with 15 tries in 22 matches. On 12 October, <mask> played on the wing and scored a try for Prime Minister's XIII in the 34–16 win over Papua New Guinea.He made his Australian international debut against New Zealand national rugby league team on 25 October in the Four Nations, where the Kiwis won 30–12 at Suncorp Stadium. <mask> scored his first try in the green and gold of Australia against Samoa in Australia's 44–18 victory at WIN Stadium, and played in the 22–18 Four Nations final loss against New Zealand. 2015
<mask> scored 6 tries from 12 games in 2015. He was named in the Lebanon 48-man train-on squad ahead of two 2017 Rugby League World Cup qualifiers against South Africa, however he didn't take part in either match. 2016
In February, <mask> played in the Panthers Auckland Nines. On 8 May, he played for NSW City Origin against Country, scoring a try in the 44–30 win, and was soon after rewarded with selection in the New South Wales State of Origin squad. On 1 June, <mask> made his debut for New South Wales against Queensland, playing on the wing in the 4–6 loss at ANZ Stadium.<mask> featured in all 3 matches for Blues on the wing in their 2–1 series loss in the 2016 State of Origin series. At the 2016 Dally M Awards night, <mask> was awarded as the Winger of the Year. <mask> finished the season with 25 matches and being the Panthers highest try-scorer with 16 tries. At the end of the year, <mask> was named in the Australian 2016 Four Nations 24-man squad. <mask> played in one match of the tournament, in the first round against Scotland, where he played on the wing and scored 2 tries in the 54–12 win at Craven Park in Hull. On 3 November, <mask> suffered a serious knee injury during a freak mishap at training during a game of touch footy when he collided with Dragons star <mask>, ruling <mask> from the tournament and the first half of the 2017 season. 2017
On 4 June 2017, <mask> played his first game for the season after returning from a serious knee injury.He scored a try in Penrith's 38–0 demolition of Canterbury at Stadium Australia. On 2 September 2017, <mask> played his 100th NRL game against the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles. At the end of the season, <mask> was chosen in The Australian squad for The 2017 Rugby League World Cup. <mask> played in a match against France and then played in the match against Lebanon where he marked up against lookalike Abbas Miski. Australia went on to win The 2017 World Cup but <mask> did not feature in the final. 2018
<mask> started the season well for Penrith until suffering a shocking facial injury in Round 6 against the Gold Coast Titans when he was accidentally kneed in the face by Gold Coast winger Anthony Don. After having surgery on his badly fractured face, <mask> said "The biggest risk was obviously losing my eye, My surgeon has done over 2000 people and he reckons he has only seen a dozen like this, and they are all from motor accidents and soldiers".On 17 April, <mask> signed a three-year contract extension to stay at Penrith until the end of the 2021 season. 2019
<mask> started the 2019 NRL season as one of the club's first choice wingers. <mask> scored his first try of the season in Round 5 against the Gold Coast in a 30–24 defeat. On 14 May 2019, <mask> was demoted to reserve grade by coach Ivan Cleary as Penrith had only won 2 out of 9 matches to start the season. <mask> only spent the 1 week in reserve grade for Penrith before being recalled back to the first team. <mask> subsequently played on the wing as Penrith defeated Parramatta 16–10 at the new Western Sydney Stadium. <mask> made a total of 19 appearances for Penrith in the 2019 NRL season and scored one try as the club finished 10th on the table and missed out on the finals for the first time since 2015.2020
In round 4 of the 2020 NRL season, <mask> scored his first try in 14 months as Penrith defeated the New Zealand Warriors 26–0 at the Campbelltown Sports Ground. In round 15, <mask> played his 150th first grade game and scored two tries as Penrith defeated Cronulla-Sutherland 38-12 at Penrith Stadium. <mask> played a total of 22 games and scored 12 tries for Penrith in the 2020 NRL season as the club claimed the Minor Premiership and reached the 2020 NRL Grand Final. <mask> played on the wing for Penrith in the final and scored a try in the first half which was disallowed when the score was 6-0 in Melbourne's favour. In the second half, <mask> scored a try but it wasn't enough for Penrith who lost 26-20. On 8 November, <mask> was informed by the Penrith club that he could seek an early release from his contract after learning that he would not be required for the 2021 season. Mansour told Fairfax Media columnist Danny Weidler he was summoned to meet Penrith coach Ivan Cleary and football manager Matt Cameron at a Homebush restaurant 48 hours after Penrith's grand-final loss to Melbourne where he was informed of the news.2021
On 13 January, <mask> signed a two-year deal to join South Sydney. In round 1 of the 2021 NRL season, he made his debut for Souths in a 26-18 loss against Melbourne. After being demoted to reserve grade before round 2, <mask> was recalled to the Souths squad for round 3. <mask> scored his first official try for Souths in a 26-16 victory over arch rivals the Sydney Roosters. In round 19, <mask> scored two tries for South Sydney in a 60-22 victory over the New Zealand Warriors. In round 21, he scored two tries in a 40-12 victory over Parramatta. The following week, <mask> scored another two tries for South Sydney in their 36-6 victory over the Gold Coast.On 24 August, <mask> was ruled out for the rest of the season after suffering a knee injury in South Sydney's round 23 loss against Penrith. Personal life
<mask>'s wife, Daniella, gave birth to their first child, Siana, on 2 November 2017; their second child, Andre, was born on July 31, 2019. <mask> is a fan of Arsenal F.C. References

External links

Penrith Panthers profile
Panthers profile
2017 RLWC profile

1990 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian people of Cuban descent
Sportspeople of Cuban descent
Australian people of Lebanese descent
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
Australian people of Portuguese descent
Australian rugby league players
Junior Kangaroos players
Lebanon national rugby league team players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
North Sydney Bears NSW Cup players
Penrith Panthers players
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league players from Sydney
Rugby league wingers
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Windsor Wolves players
Lebanese people of Australian descent
Lebanese people of Cuban descent

masks:
Josh Mansour
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Josh Dugan
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title: Francis Durbridge

texts:
<mask> (; 25 November 1912 – 11 April 1998) was an English dramatist and author, best known for the creation of the character Paul Temple, the gentlemanly detective who appeared in 16 BBC multi-part radio serials from 1938 onward. Biography

<mask> was born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, and educated at Bradford Grammar School, where he was encouraged to write by his English teacher. He continued to do so while studying English at the University of Birmingham. After graduating in 1933, he worked for a short time as a stockbroker's clerk before selling a radio play, Promotion, to the BBC at the age of 21. <mask> created the character of Paul Temple, a crime novelist and detective, in the 1930s. With Steve Trent, a Fleet Street journalist who would later become his wife, Temple solved numerous crimes in the glamorous world of the leisured middle classes, at first on radio. In addition to the Paul Temple series, <mask> wrote other mysteries for radio and television, many of which were also produced for Dutch, German and Italian television and radio.<mask> also forged a successful career as a writer for the stage with seven plays, the last of which, Sweet Revenge, was written in 1991. He also wrote forty-three novels, many of which were adapted from his scripts, sometimes with the help of others. Work for radio

Paul Temple in the United Kingdom
<mask> wrote twenty Paul Temple serials for radio. The first was Send for Paul Temple, broadcast in eight episodes on the BBC Midland Regional Programme from 8 April 1938. Hugh Morton played Paul, and Steve was played by Bernadette Hodgson. Carl Bernard took over the part of Paul in 1939. Peter Coke took over the part from the 1954 serial, Paul Temple and the Gilbert Case, onwards.Marjorie Westbury took over the part of Steve from the fifth serial, Send for Paul Temple Again (1945). She remained as Steve for the rest of the radio run. To many people, Coke and Westbury are most firmly identified with Paul and Steve. The original signature tune was taken from Scheherazade by Rimsky-Korsakov, with incidental music taken from the works of other composers, including Tintagel by Sir Arnold Bax. The signature tune was later changed to Coronation Scot by Vivian Ellis. The BBC licensed the serials to broadcasters in Commonwealth countries, where they were transmitted long after their original runs in the UK. Paul Temple in Germany
In the 1960s, German radio adapted twelve Paul Temple serials.Like the BBC originals, each part ended with a cliffhanger, making them Strassenfeger ("street-clearers"), which were so popular as to leave the streets deserted. The actors were of national renown, with Paul Temple played by Luxembourg-born René Deltgen, and supported by Gustav Knuth, Paul Klinger and others. All of these German radio serials are, like the BBC originals, available on CD. The European Broadcasting Union invited Durbridge in 1967 to write an original radio serial for the international market, La Boutique. This was broadcast in more than fifteen countries. Work for television
Between 1952 and 1980, Durbridge wrote 17 TV serials for the BBC. Until 1959, they were shown under the umbrella title A Francis Durbridge Serial, which was then changed to <mask> Presents.Versions were also made in the Netherlands, Italy, France and Germany, some serials were re-made in the 1980s and 1990s. The Scarf was a six-part serial starring Stephen Murray and Donald Pleasence, and was aired by the BBC in February and March 1959. The theme music was The Girl from Corsica by Trevor Duncan. There were objections in Germany in 1962 when comedian Wolfgang Neuss revealed in a newspaper who would turn out to be the murderer in the last episode of a German version called . In 1960–61, The World of Tim Frazer was broadcast as an 18-episode serial featuring three adventures  with Jack Hedley in the title role. They attracted almost 80% of all TV viewers—partly because, at that time, many European countries had one TV station each. In the sixties and seventies, many mini-series adapted from <mask>'s works were produced in Italy by RAI-TV.They featured some of the best Italian actors, among them Aroldo Tieri, Giuliana Lojodice, Nando Gazzolo, Ugo Pagliai, Luigi Vannucchi, Alberto Lupo and Rossano Brazzi. In France, TV scriptwriter and director Abder Isker produced some of <mask>'s adaptations for ORTF. In the mid-1960s, mini-series based on the Paul Temple novels appeared on TV in Europe. The 1969–1971 television series Paul Temple ran for 52 episodes over four seasons, with the last 39 episodes (seasons 2–4) being the first international television co-production, made by the BBC with Taurus Films of Munich, West Germany. Paul Temple was played by British actor <mask>, with Ros Drinkwater playing Steve. Novels
<mask> wrote many Paul Temple novels, but mostly worked with a co-author because he regarded himself as a writer of dialogue, a scriptwriter rather than a novelist. The first was Send for Paul Temple (1938), written in collaboration with the pseudonymous John Thewes.He is thought to have been Charles Hatton, with whom <mask> collaborated on the following four Temple novelisations up until 1948. All of these were rapidly adapted from <mask>'s original radio scripts in order to capitalise on the popularity of the radio serial. Publicity for Send for Paul Temple described it as "the novel of the thriller that created a BBC fan-mail record". The two novels with Douglas Rutherford (The Tyler Mystery, 1957 and East of Algiers, 1959) appeared under the Paul Temple pen name. The Tyler Mystery is unusual in giving Temple's wife Steve a more central role. East of Algiers was partly based on the 1947 radio serial Paul Temple and the Sullivan Mystery. From The Kebly Affair (1970) on the novels are credited to <mask> alone.<mask> wrote three Tim Frazer novels: The World of Tim Frazer (1962), Tim Frazer Again (1964) and Tim Frazer Gets the Message (1978). Beware of Johnny Washington (1951, reissued by Harper Collins in 2017) was a substantially re-written version of the first Paul Temple novel, Send for Paul Temple and there were three others based on Paul Temple scripts that were recycled as non-Temple books. Two titles, Back Room Girl (1950) and The Pig-Tail Murder (1969) were written as original novels, but most of the later books were adapted from the television plays of the 1960s and 1970s. Personal life
<mask> married Norah Lawley in 1940. They had two sons. He died at his home in Barnes, London, aged 85, in 1998. – 12 September 1962
La Boutique – 2 October 1967
§ as Lewis Middleton Harvey
‡ as Nicholas Vane

List of British TV series
None of the episodes of The Francis Durbridge Serial are believed to have survived.All episodes of <mask>ridge Presents survive except for The World of Tim Frazer of which only episode 3 and 10 (out of 18) are thought to still exist. A Francis Durbridge Serial
The Broken Horseshoe (1952)
Operation Diplomat (1952)
The Teckman Biography (1953–54)
Portrait of Alison (1955)
My Friend Charles (1956)
The Other Man (1956)
A Time of Day (1957)
The Scarf (1959)
<mask> Presents
The World of Tim Frazer (1960–61)
The Desperate People (1963)
Melissa (1964)
A Man Called Harry Brent (1965)
A Game of Murder (1966)
Bat Out of Hell (1966)
Paul Temple (52 episodes) (1969–71)
<mask> Presents
The Passenger (1971)
Melissa (1974)
The Doll (1975)
Breakaway – The Family Affair (1980)
Breakaway – The Local Affair (1980)

In 1997, Channel 4 broadcast a version of Melissa, adapted by Alan Bleasdale from the <mask> novel. Jennifer Ehle played Melissa. Paul Temple and the Front Page Men (1939) (with Charles Hatton)
News of Paul Temple (1940) (with Charles Hatton)
Paul Temple Intervenes (1944) (with Charles Hatton)
Send for Paul Temple Again!

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Francis Henry Durbridge
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Francis Durbridge
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Francis Matthews
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title: Charlotte Bray

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<mask> (born 1982) is a British composer. She was championed by the Royal Opera House Covent Garden, London Sinfonietta and Birmingham Contemporary Music Group, BBC Symphony Orchestra. Her music has been performed by many notable conductors such as: Sir Mark Elder, Oliver Knussen, Daniel Harding, and Jac van Steen. Biography
<mask> was born in Oxford in 1982 and was brought up in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. She studied cello and composition at Birmingham Conservatoire, graduating with First Class Honours having studied with Joe Cutler. She then completed an MMus in composition with Distinction at the Royal College of Music, where she studied with Mark Anthony Turnage. She participated in the Britten-Pears Contemporary Composition Course in 2007 with Oliver Knussen, Colin Matthews, and Magnus Lindberg; and studied at Tanglewood Music Centre in 2008 with John Harbison, Michael Gandolfi, Shulamit Ran and Augusta Read Thomas.In 2011 <mask> is an Honorary Member of Birmingham Conservatoire and was named as their Alumni of the Year 2014 in the field of Excellence in Sport or the Arts. Awarded the Royal Philharmonic Society Composition Prize 2010 resulted in a piano quartet commission for Cheltenham International Music Festival for which <mask> wrote Replay. She was also winner of the 2014 Lili Boulanger Prize. <mask> was appointed apprentice Composer-in-Residence with Birmingham Contemporary Music Group/Sound and Music for 2009/10, during which time violinist Alexandra Wood and the BCMG gave the première of her violin concerto Caught in Treetops under conductor Oliver Knussen. Her orchestral work Beyond a Fallen Tree was performed by the London Symphony Orchestra under Daniel Harding (UBS Soundscapes Pioneers commission), 23 May 2010. Her song cycle Verre de Venise (tenor, piano, string quartet), was co-commission by Aldeburgh, Aix-en-Provence and Verbier Festivals in 2010. Her Scenes from Wonderland was commissioned by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, for soloist Jennifer Pike, and violinists from London Music Masters, 2011.As inaugural Composer-in-Residence with Oxford Lieder Festival 2011 <mask> composed a new baritone cycle for Roderick Williams. July 2012 saw the première of At the Speed of Stillness, a BBC Proms commission, with Sir Mark Elder conducting the Aldeburgh World Orchestra. Also, Invisible Cities, commissioned by Verbier Festival and performed by Lawrence Power and Julien Quentin; and Making Arrangements, a new chamber opera written for Tête à Tête Opera Festival, London. In 2015 <mask>'s chamber opera Entanglement received its premiere from the Nova Music Opera. <mask> collaborated with the librettist Amy Rosenthal on the story of Ruth Ellis, the last woman to be hanged in Britain. Also premiered in 2015, Out of the Ruins, commissioned by the Royal Opera House Covent Garden for their youth company, mezzo-soprano and orchestra; Come Away for the Chester Cathedral Choir; and a new work for cellist Guy Johnston. <mask> has written for some of the world's top musicians and ensembles, including the London Symphony Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Birmingham Contemporary Music Group, City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, Ensemble 360, Britten Sinfonia, London Sinfonietta, The Dover Quartet, Albany and Oberon Trio's, Claire Booth, Lucy Schaufer, Jennifer Pike, Lawrence Power, Isang Enders, Johannes Thorell, Julien Quentin, Huw Watkins, and Mona Asuka Ott; and festivals, namely BBC Proms, Aldeburgh, Cheltenham, Savannah, Aix-en-Provence, Festspiele Europäische Wochen Passau, Festival 3B, and Verbier.Conductors who have performed her work include Sir Mark Elder, Oliver Knussen, Daniel Harding, and Jac van Steen. She was in residence at the MacDowell Colony in New Hampshire summer 2013. And following this, at the Liguria Study Centre having been awarded a Bogliasco Foundation Fellowship.

masks:
Charlotte Bray
Charlotte Bray
Charlotte
Charlotte
Bray
Charlotte
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Charlotte
Bray


title: Thomas Carlin

texts:
<mask> (July 18, 1789 – February 14, 1852), a farmer, soldier and Jacksonian Democrat, was the seventh Governor of Illinois (from 1838 to 1842) and also served in both houses of the Illinois General Assembly. He became the first Democrat nominated at an Illinois state convention, as well as the last Illinois governor who fought Native  Americans. His gubernatorial term was noted for its inconsistency, as he had limited financial experience and the state suffered the aftereffects of the Panic of 1837 as well attempted to fund a costly Internal Improvements Act passed by the state legislature over his predecessor's objections. Early and family life

Born around 1789 in Shelbyville, Kentucky (now a suburb of Frankfort) to <mask> and his wife, the former Elizabeth Evans, Carlin moved with his family to Missouri Territory in 1803. His father died in 1810, leaving his widow to raise seven children (of whom <mask> was the eldest). In 1812, Carlin crossed the Missouri River to Illinois Territory to serve as a mounted ranger in the War of 1812 (including on future governor Ninian Edwards' Peoria expedition), then established a farm in what was then Madison County, Illinois. In 1814, in Edwardsville, Carlin married Georgia-born Rebecca Huitt (August 27, 1799 - September 5, 1865).Their 13 children (seven of whom survived their father) included: Mary Ann (b.1816); Eugene (b. 1817); William H. (b. 1818); Nathaniel (b. 1819); Elizabeth (1820-1823); Emily St. Aubert (b. 1821); John Massingill (b. 1829); Julia (b. 1830); Andrew Jackson (1832-after 1880), John Clark <mask> (1832-1865); Eugenia <mask> Woodward (1838-1886); and <mask><mask> Jr. (1842-after 1880).In 1850, the <mask> family included his 90-year-old mother-in-law, three sons and two daughters as well as a 21 year old farm laborer, but no slaves. Career

Carlin built a log cabin across from the mouth of the Missouri River and operated a ferry until 1818, when Illinois became a state. Between 1819 and 1821, <mask> helped organize the frontier in what became Greene County, Illinois. Despite not learning to read nor write as a child, he helped lay out what became the county seat in 1821, Carrollton. <mask> was one of the first five commissioners (as was his brother-in-law John Huitt) and donated a large parcel of land for Carrollton, although he abstained from the vote designating it the county seat. Noted for his physical prowess and skill as a woodsman and rider as well as courage, Carlin served as Greene County's first sheriff, then twice won election to the Illinois Senate. He was instrumental in obtaining passage of a bill in January 1829 creating Macoupin County.During the Black Hawk War, <mask> was captain of Greene County's militia companies. In 1834 he received an appointment as collector of federal funds at the land office at Quincy, Illinois, where Carlin would continue to live during his gubernatorial term. In 1838, the Democrats' first choice for governor, James W. Stephenson (of the then-boom town of Galena, Illinois) withdrew as candidate when his accounts were discovered delinquent, and the 1838 Illinois Democratic convention nominated Carlin as the party's candidate. As a Jacksonian Democrat as well as Indian fighter, Carlin supported the President's campaign against the national bank (which scholars now agree contributed to the Panic of 1837 which devastated Illinois' economy) and argued that strict compliance with state charter requirements would profit the young state. Carlin opposed monopolies and wanted the state to own and operate all railroads. During the 1838 gubernatorial election, his opponent, Whig Cyrus Edwards (of Alton, Illinois and youngest brother of Ninian Edwards) favored internal improvements. In 1837, Illinois' legislature had approved moving the state capital from Vandalia to Springfield, despite the opposition of Governor Joseph Duncan, a former Jacksonian Democrat who had split with the President and won election as a Whig.The state government offices were constructed and the move occurred midway during Governor <mask>'s term. <mask>'s inaugural message blamed the Whig-controlled state bank and the Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown for Illinois' financial distress, which added to hardships encountered by frontier farmers. His predecessor, Governor Duncan, had urged Carlin to scrap the large Internal Improvements Act passed by the legislature in 1837, but Carlin tried to make a go of it, despite the large amount of money required and his lack of financial experience. He appointed former governor John Reynolds to try to sell bonds in Europe, since the  Illinois and Michigan Canal from Chicago to the Illinois River (which crossed Greene County near Carrollton) required at least $1 million in financing. The two deals Reynolds arranged were on unfavorable terms to the state, and it lost more than $150,000. One of the parties to a contract, Wright and Company (London bankers) went bankrupt while Governor <mask> vacillated on approving the contract. Illinois ultimately sold bonds with a face value of $804,000 for $261,500, which proved a source of political controversy for many years, and which led to suspension of canal construction in 1842.Legislators also wanted the state to purchase an additional $3 million in bank stock, arguing that its dividends would fund the internal improvements, but <mask> warned it would not work, and the Senate Committee on Banks defeated the proposal. The substitute, a one-mill property tax to pay the bond interest, proved inadequate. Carlin begged Congress to donate more land to construct the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and also recommended that the state legislature repeal the charters of the state and Shawneetown banks, as occurred during the administration of his successor, <mask>. Despite his federal land office background, Carlin refused to accept any funds from federal land sales, and also ordered that settlers must pay with gold or silver despite the liquidity crisis, which exacerbated the crisis. Another controversy which began during <mask>'s term and erupted in his successor's term involved the Mormons. Illinois politicians of both parties had welcomed Joseph Smith and fellow Mormons when the fled Missouri. Carlin signed a charter which gave Smith and his associates governmental power in Nauvoo, Illinois.Later, Carlin received Missouri warrants requesting Smith's extradition to Missouri, and Smith was arrested not long after leaving the governor's home. After his term ended, <mask> returned to his farm between Maucoupin and Apple Creeks in Greene County, but continued politically active. In 1844 he ran for Congress, but lost to future U.S. Senator Stephen A. Douglas (who thus began his national political career). Two years later, <mask> threatened to run again against Douglas, but ultimately chose against it. In 1849, Carlin served an unexpired term in the Illinois House of Representatives when Jacob Fry resigned. Death and legacy

<mask> died in 1852 at home in Carrollton, Illinois, survived by his widow and seven of their children.His nephew William Passmore <mask> became a career U.S. Army officer, and Brigadier General of Illinois volunteers during the American Civil War, and later served as assistant director of the Freedman's Bureau in Tennessee, although his uncle was pro-slavery and Negro-hating, according to a long-lived Edwardsville judge. The city of Carlinville, Illinois is named in his honor. Illinois erected a historical marker in Carrollton to honor the pioneer governor. The Carrollton Courthouse Square Historic District in Greene County is thus on land formerly owned by Governor Carlin, although only eight buildings (including a tavern, hotel, stores and a temperance hall) and a residence converted into the county historical society remain from those built during his lifetime (the historic courthouse dating from 1891). References

External links
Illinois 2005-2006 Blue Book

1789 births
1852 deaths
Members of the Illinois House of Representatives
Illinois state senators
Governors of Illinois
Politicians from Frankfort, Kentucky
People from Shelbyville, Kentucky
American people of the Black Hawk War
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Illinois Democrats
19th-century American politicians
People from Vandalia, Illinois
People from Greene County, Illinois

masks:
Thomas Carlin
Thomas Carlin
Thomas
Carlin
Carlin
Thomas B
. Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Thomas Ford
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin
Carlin


title: Pushpa Basnet

texts:
<mask> (Nepali: पुष्पा बस्नेत ) is a social worker and the founder/president of Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) and Butterfly Home, non-profit organizations, in Kathmandu, Nepal. Her organization works to strengthen the rights of children living behind bars with their incarcerated parents. Her efforts have been recognized by national and international media since she was nominated for CNN Heroes Award, which she subsequently won in 2012. She has won the 'CNN Super Hero Award' in 2016. Basnet started her career at the age of 21, while she was still an undergraduate in Social Work at St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu. As part of her college assignment, she visited the women prison in Kathmandu. She was dismayed when she saw children living with their parents behind the bars.She raised 70,000 rupees (roughly $885) from her close friends and sister, and started a non-profit organization -The Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) to provide a day care program to the children, in 2005. In 2007, she opened a residential home for kids to live outside the prison year round while still visiting their mothers on holidays. Today, she has assisted more than 137 children of incarcerated parents. She runs a day care center for the prison children and a residential home for older ones. She has also helped to provide alternative residence, school enrollment, free meals and medical care to them. Career

Basnet started her career at the age of 21, while she was still an undergraduate in Social Work at St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu. As part of her college assignment, she visited the women prison in Kathmandu.She was dismayed when she saw children living with their parents behind the bars. She raised 70,000 rupees (roughly $885) from her close friends and sister, and started a non-profit organization -The Early Childhood Development Center (ECDC) to provide a day care program to the children, in 2005. In 2007, she opened a residential home for kids to live outside the prison year round while still visiting their mothers on holidays. Today, she has assisted more than 100 children of incarcerated parents. She runs a day care center for the prison children and a residential home for older ones. She has also helped to provide alternative residence, school enrollment, free meals and medical care to them. In 2009, sponsored by ChangeFusion Nepal, she started a program to coach parents to make handicrafts inside the cell.The main objective of the program is to make the female prisoners as well as former prisoners to become involved in income generating activities through which they can sustain their livelihood and contribute towards raising their children. She, along with her organization, coordinate with prison administrators to rescue children behind bars throughout urban and rural areas of Nepal, and help them break the cycle of crime and poverty. Donation and fundraising
Recognizing her effort as the first of a kind in Nepal, many local organizations have pledged their help to raise fund for Basnet. Major donations for Basnet's organization has come from Shikshya Foundation Nepal and Sundar Sansar. ECDC also supports children under a contract with Glasswaters Foundation. The center collects donations through various fund raising programs and individual donations. In 2012, a local organization helped raise 370,000 rupees (roughly $4,600) for her organization through various national and international donation programs.Awards and recognition

CNN Hero 2012
<mask> <mask> has been awarded with CNN Hero Award 2012, which was held at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles, California, on Sunday, 2 December. Academy Award winning actress Susan Sarandon presented Basnet with the award. The show was aired LIVE through CNN. When earlier interviewed by CNN, she commented on her venture as;- {{quotation|"It's not fair for (these) children to live in the prison because they haven't done anything wrong...My mission is to make sure no child grows up behind prison walls."}} CNN Heroes culminated in a global telecast honoring the Top 10 CNN Heroes of 2012 on 20 September. <mask> was selected in the final list through unanimous Jury decision, winning a $50,000 grant amount for her effort and contributions towards the welfare of children who are behind the bars. Each of the Top 10 CNN Heroes received $50,000 in recognition of their work, and Basnet's nonprofit, the Early Childhood Development Center, has been awarded an additional $250,000 grant to continue the work.Banquet in GW University, Washington
Basnet was the honored guest speaker in the banquet dinner hosted by George Washington Student Organization Babies Behind Bars in The Cloyd Heck Marvin

TEDx Kathmandu
Basnet was an honored speaker in TEDx Kathmandu, organized on 28 July 2012. ILGA Foundation Korea
ILGA Foundation of South Korea awarded The Young ILGA Award to Basnet on 1 September 2012, at Seoul's Chung Conference Hall for her contribution in human services. Basnet is the only foreigner to receive the award which was established in the memory of Social worker ILGA Kim Yong-ki in 1989. CNN Superhero 2016
During a special ceremony at the Shrine Auditorium, Pushpa Basnet was named a "CNN Superhero" in 2016 on the of the 10th anniversary of the CNN Heroes campaign. Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGQzi4zBAgM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxbuHSDuQZ8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4o8GhXpuGE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KRoRjw5NzI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XIlDvvAnXY

See also
Agrim Poudyal
People of Nepal
Anuradha Koirala

 References

External links
ECDC Nepal ECDC's Official Website
CNN Edition CNN's Special Coverage on Basnet and her work
Official Pushpa Basnet Official Facebook Page for Basnet: 2012 CNN Hero''
Basnet's Fan Page on CNN CNN Heroes Award 2012 Voting Portal for Basnet

Nepalese activists
Nepalese women activists
Living people
People from Kathmandu
Nepalese Hindus
Save the Children
Nepalese social workers
Nepalese women
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Pushpa Basnet
Pushpa
Basnet
Basnet


title: Lani Misalucha

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>; August 3, 1969) is a Filipino singer who performs pop, rock, jazz, soul, rhythm and blues, and operatic arias. Her ability to sing across several genres gave her the title "Asia's Nightingale" by MTV Southeast Asia. She was also nominated for an Aliw Award for playing Sita in the 1999 Filipino musical Rama at Sita - The Musical. Since arriving in Las Vegas in 2002, Misalucha has been called "New Siren of the Strip." During her stint in Las Vegas, Misalucha performed with the Society of Seven at Bally's Las Vegas and the Flamingo Las Vegas, making her the first Asian to headline in a main showroom at the Las Vegas Strip. She also performed alongside Earl Turner at the Westgate Las Vegas Resort & Casino. In March 2008, she was voted the "Best Singer" (staff pick) in the "27th Annual Best of Las Vegas" poll by the Las Vegas Review-Journal.In 2009, Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman proclaimed December 4 as "Lani Misalucha Day" in the city. In 2014, Misalucha returned to the Philippines and signed a recording contract with Star Records, releasing an album entitled The Nightingale Returns. Biography
<mask> Misalucha was born into a musical family. Her father Benjamin de Guzman Bayot had been an operatic tenor, her mother Esperanza Salvador Dimalanta was a coloratura soprano, sister May is a band vocalist, sister Karlyn is an actress (Munting Paraiso) who also plays violin and flute, while brothers Novi and Osi play guitar and piano. She was tutored in classical vocals by her parents. She is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Misalucha acquired her basic education from Rafael Palma Elementary School and PCU Union High School.At age 20, she sang with the Andres Bonifacio Choir of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. She eventually joined various bands as a vocalist or back-up singer, beginning with the group "Prelude" and later the group "Law of Gravity" whose bandleader Bodjie Dasig gave Misalucha her first single, entitled "More than I Should" (1993). She also recorded "Sakayan ng Jeep," Bodjie Dasig's ballad. Misalucha later worked around the lounge circuits as a soloist and lend her voice to numerous commercial jingles and karaoke tapes, thus earning her the epithet, "Multiplex Queen." After Misalucha obtained her degree in Business Management from the Philippine Christian University, she married Noli <mask> and later gave birth to two children, Lian and Louven. Misalucha is a member of for the benefit of Hurricane Katrina victims in New Orleans. Health
In an interview with on GMA Network on January 5, 2008, Misalucha stated that she was set to undergo surgery on an ovarian cyst (2.5 cm.now enlarged to 7.1 cm.) scheduled for February 2008. In October 2020, Misalucha and her husband contracted and later recovered from bacterial meningitis. However, they both became totally deaf in their right ears. Career
Misalucha sang the song "Ang Iibigin ay Ikaw" (written by Jimmy Borja) which was a finalist at the Metro Manila Popular Music Festival and later received the Awit Award for Record of the Year. She recorded an album "More than I Should" (Alpha Records) with carrier single of the same title written by Odette Quesada in 1990. The album included Misalucha's cover of Fifth Dimension's "Somebody Warm Like Me" .The entire album earned 12 Katha Award nominations in 1997. In 1998, Misalucha won the Minuro Endo Best Interpreter/Singer Award at the 3rd Asian Song Festival. Her piece entitled "Handle with Care" (written by Gideon Jungee Marcelo) won silver in the Best Original Song category. In 1999, Misalucha moved to Viva Records and her album, with carrier single "Tunay na Mahal" (written by Freddie Saturno), made the charts and turned gold, later receiving the Awit Award for Best Ballad Recording, Awit Award for Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist, and Katha Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance. Her cover of the 1966 song, "You Don't Have To Say You Love Me" topped the Philippine charts in the same year. Misalucha's interpretation of "Can't Stop Loving You" (written by Dodjie Simon) won her songwriter the Grand Prize at the 1999 Metropop Song Festival. She was tapped to play the lead role of Sita in the S.K.Productions musical play entitled Rama at Sita. In 1999, Misalucha also received Artist of the Year Award, Aliw Award for Best Lounge Act, Awit Award for Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist, and Awit Award Nomination for Best Stage Actress. In 2000, Misalucha released the album All Heart, a collection of love songs with the carrier single "One More Time" (written by Simon). The album also included songs written by some of the Philippines' contemporary composers such as Vehnee Saturno ("Ang Lahat Ng Ito Ay Para Sa Iyo"), Jimmy Borja ("Bukas Na Lang Kita Mamahalin") and Trina Belamide ("Save This Heart"). She became a semi-regular host in the Sunday noontime show SOP (Sobrang Okey Pare) in 2001. Her first major solo concert in September 2001 at the Araneta Coliseum entitled, "Lani Misalucha, The Crossover Live Tour" and was repeated at the Cultural Center of Philippines. These concerts received the Aliw Award for Best Major Concert by a Female Artist and the Tinig Award for Best Solo Performer.Her Crossover Live Concert album received the Platinum Award. In 2002, Misalucha continued to hold concerts in Cebu City, Bacolod, Baguio, Clark (Angeles City), and Davao City, as well as at OnStage Greenbelt, Makati. Misalucha then held a US concert tour, performing in Reno, San Diego, Washington, Las Vegas, New York, Chicago, Atlantic City, Pasadena, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Mayor Willie L. Brown, Jr. of San Francisco declared August 17 "Lani Misalucha Day". Misalucha received the Aliw Award for Best Female Performance in Music Lounges, Bars, Clubs & Restaurants for consecutive years, 1999–2002. In 2002, she received Aliw "Entertainer of the Year." In addition, she won two Katha awards—Best Folk Song Vocal Performance and Best Traditional Song Vocal Performance for "Kasal Sa Kaluluwa" (2002).Misalucha released her fourth studio album entitled, Loving You in June 2003 with the singles "Tila" (written by Liza Diy) and "Malaya Ka Na" (written by Jimmy Antiporda). In November of the same year, she began a TV show entitled Celebrity Turns with actor-comedian Michael V.

In 2004, Misalucha subordinated budding career to family interest when her family relocated to the United States. After the release of her fourth album, Loving You, <mask> moved to the US and made history. Misalucha became the first Asian to headline in a Main Showroom of the Las Vegas Strip, performing with Hawaii's premiere showband Society of Seven at the Jubilee Theatre of Bally's Hotel and Casino. Her stint at Bally's ran for 15 months from August 7, 2004 to February 5, 2006, after which she and the Society of Seven moved to the Main Showroom of the Flamingo from August 2006 to April 13, 2008. Vegas critics were quick to recognize <mask>, applauding and citing her as Las Vegas’ New Diva. With her successful 15-month run at the Bally's, a series of road tours, and subsequent offers to headline shows in the entertainment capital of the world, Asia's Nightingale sky-rocketed to world-wide recognition as the new Siren of the Strip.By 2008, Vegas was more than glad to have the Siren of the Strip back on its premiere frontline. The Las Vegas Review Journal has just hailed <mask> as Vegas' Best Singer (staff pick) on its 27th Annual Best of Vegas Poll, inevitably putting her name alongside Celine Dion, who was voted as reader's choice. After capping off her stint at the Flamingo, Lani began another show, Voices, with Earl Turner at the Hilton in 2009. Breaking ground on another stage yet again, <mask> made history, in October 2011, when she debuted as lead host of the first mainstream travel and lifestyle television show featuring Las Vegas. ‘It’s Vegas with <mask>’ has for its first season, thirteen (13) 30-minute episodes that offer a new perspective of Sin City, featuring restaurants, shops, destinations and adventure tours for both local and global audiences. Lani's popularity in Vegas led City Mayor Oscar Goodman to declare December 4 as Lani Misalucha Day, following the footsteps of Mayor Willie L. Brown, Jr. who had also previously declared August 17 as Lani Misalucha Day for San Francisco. <mask>'s artistry has truly come full circle.From her serendipitous debut to her recognition as an artist of international caliber, the story of <mask>'s journey with music transcends every song, heartfelt and genuine in its delivery of all the best that is yet to come. At the height of her international success, <mask> went back to the recording studio in October 2006, doing covers of well-loved classics for a self-titled album, her fifth release. Just as the album turned Gold and Platinum in 2007, <mask> came home to regale her Filipino audience with songs and stories in a one-night engagement at the Araneta Coliseum on March 17, 2007. The concert, aptly titled, Missing You, was packed by almost 18,000 fans and followers, a testament not only to <mask>'s rousing world-class talent, but also to her dedication to the people who have come to love her music. Misalucha re-appeared a few times on Philippine television starting on February 17, 2007 in the Sunday afternoon show "ASAP" of ABS-CBN (The Filipino Channel). In the latter part of May 2007, record label Viva re-released "Lani Misalucha Live Vol. 1 and 2".The two-volume recording contains previously released material mostly from her Crossover Live Tour albums with various live performances from different albums within the Viva catalogue where she had appeared. Misalucha was the voice behind the version of Gary Valenciano's "Natutulog Ba Ang Diyos?," theme song of the ABS-CBN television soap opera that goes by the same title. At the 20th Awit Awards, her rendition of "I Live For Your Love" received Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist. In November 2008, Universal Records released a Christmas CD titled The Gift of Christmas. The album comes with a Bonus CD featuring the Minus-One of the entire album. Filmography

Television
 SOP (GMA Network, 2000–2006)
 ASAP (ABS-CBN, 2007–2016)
 5 Star Specials (TV5, 2010)
 P.O.5 (TV5, 2010)
 Talentadong Pinoy (TV5, 2010)
 Gandang Gabi, Vice! (ABS-CBN, 2012–2017) as Herself, Special Guest
 It's Showtime (ABS-CBN, 2013) as Herself, Special Guest
 Banana Split (ABS-CBN, 2014) as Herself, Special Guest
 It's Showtime (ABS-CBN, 2014) as Herself, Guest Hurado
 Celebrity Bluff (GMA Network, 2016) as Herself, Special Guest
 I Love OPM (ABS-CBN, 2016) as Herself, Judge
 Sunday PinaSaya (GMA Network, 2016) as Herself, Guest Performer
 Tunay na Buhay (GMA Network, 2016) as Herself, Special Guest
 Eat Bulaga!(GMA Network, 2017) as Herself, Guest Performer
 The Clash (GMA Network, 2018–present) as Herself, Judge
 Sunday PinaSaya (GMA Network, 2018) as Herself, Performer
 Sunday Noontime Live! (TV5, 2020) as Herself, Performer
 All-Out Sundays (GMA, 2020) as Herself, Performer

Discography

Studio albums
 More Than I Should (1997, Alpha)
 Tunay Na Mahal (True Love) (1999, Viva)
 All Heart (2001, Viva)
 Loving You (2003, Viva)
 <mask> Misalucha (2006, Universal)
 Reminisce (2008, Universal)
 The Gift of Christmas (2008, Universal)
 The Nightingale Returns (2014, Star)

Live albums
 Love Concert - Vol. 1 and 2 (2001)
 Crossover Live Tour - Vol. 1 and 2 (2001)
 The Best of Crossover Presents (2003)
 Lani Misalucha Live Vol. 1 and 2 (2007, Viva)

Compilation albums
 Greatest Hits (2005)
 Silver Series (2006)
 18 Greatest Hits (2009)

Awards

See also
Regine Velasquez
Jaya
Pops Fernandez
Zsazsa Padilla
Kuh Ledesma
Janno Gibbs
Ogie Alcasid
Martin Nievera
Sarah Geronimo
Gary Valenciano
Odette Quesada

References

External links

 <mask> Misalucha at Star Records

1969 births
Living people
Filipino women pop singers
Filipino Latter Day Saints
Singers with a three-octave vocal range
Filipino operatic sopranos
Universal Records (Philippines) artists
Philippine Christian University alumni
ABS-CBN personalities
GMA Network personalities
Star Music artists
Viva Artists Agency
Viva Records (Philippines) artists
Filipino musical theatre actresses
Tagalog people

masks:
Lani Bayot Misalucha
Lani Dimalanta Bayot
Lani
Misalucha
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani
Lani


title: J. Nigro Sansonese

texts:
J<mask> is the pen name of author <mask> (born 13 May 1946). Biography
J<mask> was born <mask> in Buffalo, NY, where he attended Canisius High School. He was trained in physics and mathematics at Fordham University (Sc.B 1968) (Bronx, NY) and Brown University (Providence, RI). In 1996–97, he taught a course in the history of science at Stonehill College (Easton, MA) and from 2001–2009 courses in mathematics and science on St. Croix at the University of the Virgin Islands (Kingshill, VI). Over the course of 30 years he also taught mathematics and science at various high schools, public and private, in the United States and its territories. He retired from teaching in 2012. His main published work is The Body of Myth: Mythology, Shamanic Trance, and the Sacred Geography of the Body, , a nonfiction work of some 400 pages on the relationship between mythology and human biology, that appeared in 1994.He was co-screenwriter of Hurricane Festival, a 1997 feature film, with Chi Y. Lee. His plays include The House on the Point, produced at the Hult Center for the Performing Arts, Eugene, OR, November 1985, and The Mill at Tour d'Ivoire, read at the Interstate Firehouse Cultural Center, North Portland, OR, September 1984, and the Greene Street Theater, New York City, April 1986. Works
In addition to his work in print <mask> has discussed his theory of mythopoesis (Gk., "story making") in a lengthy 1994 video interview with San Francisco psychologist Dr. <mask> of Thinking Allowed (PBS). <mask> <mask>'s mythology, elaborated in The Body of Myth: Mythology, Shamanic Trance, and the Sacred Geography of the Body (1994), might be summarized as follows: Early myth-making (before, say, 5000 BC) among archaic peoples—especially but not exclusively Indo-European speakers—may have originated in an esoteric oral cephelosophy or "skull wisdom" automatically imparted, primarily to young men at the age of puberty, in secret initiation rituals, during which a venerated ancestral skull may have been displayed for purposes of illustrating the meaning of a particular myth. Recent excavations at Göbekli Tepe in southeastern Turkey, the oldest known site of religiously motivated architecture in the world (c. 10,000 BC), have revealed that a skull cult may indeed have been centered there (Gresky, <mask>; Haelm, <mask>e; Clare, Lee (28 June 2017): "Modified human crania from Göbekli Tepe provide evidence for a new form of Neolithic skull cult," Science Advances 3 (6)). The aboriginal inspiration for myth, Sansonese argues, lay in heightened awareness (see proprioception) of certain internal bodily activities important in religiously oriented meditation. The means of heightening proprioception are closely guarded meditative techniques orally communicated from teacher (adept) to student, in particular, techniques associated with respiration.Subject to numerous cultural contingencies, the techniques likely first appeared in history many thousands of years ago in the trance-inducing practices of shamans but became ever more systematized, refined, and clarified over time. Because the activities attended to in many meditative traditions, for example, respiration and heart rate, are physiologically fundamental to all human bodies everywhere, an explicit argument of the book is that a proprioceptive interpretation probably applies to all mythologies that are sufficiently archaic in origin, which he defines as no later than approximately 800 BC. About a quarter of the book focuses on interpreting the biblical narratives of Judaism and Christianity. A myth, then, according to Sansonese is a veiled, culturally conditioned description of a trance-inducing technique and resulting proprioceptions. Myths, therefore, on this view are (very) early attempts at articulating what, in 1945, Aldous Huxley called perennial philosophy, and are simultaneously mystical and practical in their origins. Much of the practical aim of a myth is instruction in what Sansonese calls "the art of dying," a narrative prefiguring of the literal experience of somatic death, which is a matter of the practical mastery of an endocrinal event that he suggestively describes as a "pituitary catastrophe," in the sense that the pituitary gland initiates it. In <mask> <mask>'s view, death is an event triggered by the endocrine system.In sum,  <mask> <mask> defines an "authentic myth" as "an esoteric description of a heightened proprioception," meaning a verbal description, albeit a necessarily imperfect one, of a literal experience undergone by an adept while in a trance state, which, very critically, must be distinguished from mere symbolism or metaphor. Understanding religious practice (praxis) eclipses understanding religious belief (dogma) in its importance for understanding both the origin and the meaning of a specific myth of sufficient antiquity (see also his lengthy discussion of the Eleusinian Mysteries). In deep meditation the region of the cranial sinciput, or forehead, is in emphasis, particularly the glabella, a fissure between the brows esoterically described in myth, Sansonese claims, as a portal or entry such as the Scæan Gate into Troy (see Book VI of The Iliad and passim) or the Hellespont on the way to Colchis, mythic locale of the Golden Fleece, to give just two of numerous examples cited. Another vivid illustration is the mythical figure Sisyphus (, Sísyphos), king of Corinth, whose myth Sansonese explores in detail, and whose name, he suggests, is literally an onomatopoetic rendering of the sussurant sound ("siss phuss") the moving breath makes in the nostrils, the breath of course being an important object of meditative concentration (a bija in yoga). Repetitive inhalation–exhalation are described esoterically in the myth as an up–down motion of Sisyphus and the boulder on a hill. Various animals, particularly strenuous breathers such as horses, swine, and asses, describe respiration in myth. The principle is widely distributed.For example, <mask>' entry into Jerusalem while riding on an ass' colt is a Semitic myth equivalent to Odysseus' entry into Troy inside a horse. As a compendium Sansonese provides five axioms to guide the interpretation of archaic mythopoesis. A critical contention of the book is that myths are not so much symbols natural to human ideation, as <mask> proposed in 1933, as they are culture-specific, esoteric descriptions of somatic activity proprioceived during exalted trance states, for example, those attained through, but not limited to, yoga (see also samyama and pranayama). <mask> <mask>'s work also has relevance to the scientific study of consciousness, specifically, by proposing that an implicit epistemology—namely, a description of knowledge that is in its nature, i.e., essentially, a priori, also known as consciousness—unavoidably orders the fundamental laws of physics differentially, from the (macroscopically) perceived and proprioceived 17th-century mechanics of Isaac Newton to the indispensability of mathematics in the 20th-century quantum mechanics of Werner Heisenberg. That development was interpreted by Sansonese as one of successively elaborating a physics originally based on empirical knowledge obtained via proprioception and perception into a physics that is a conformal map onto the psychodynamics of cognition. A succinct summary of that assertion would be "Ontology is epistemology: Every state of being is ipso facto a state of knowing." On such a view, quantum mechanics arguably might be said to be more "meta-physics" than physics.References

1946 births
Living people
Writers from Buffalo, New York
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
Fordham University alumni
Brown University alumni
Stonehill College
University of the Virgin Islands faculty

masks:
. Nigro Sansonese
Joseph Sansonese
. Nigro Sansonese
Joseph Sansonese
Sansonese
Jeffrey Mishlove
Nigro
Sansonese
Julia
Julian
Nigro
Sansonese
Nigro
Sansonese
Jesus
Carl Jung
Nigro
Sansonese