title: Edward G. Robinson

texts:
<mask><mask> (born <mask>; ; December 12, 1893January 26, 1973) was a Romanian-born American actor of stage and screen during Hollywood's Golden Age. He appeared in 30 Broadway plays and more than 100 films during a 50-year career and is best remembered for his tough-guy roles as gangsters in such films as Little Caesar and Key Largo. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was an outspoken public critic of fascism and Nazism, which were growing in strength in Europe in the years which led up to World War II. His activism included contributing over $250,000 to more than 850 organizations which were involved in war relief, along with contributions to cultural, educational and religious groups. During the 1950s, he was called to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee during the Red Scare, but he was cleared of any deliberate Communist involvement when he claimed that he was "duped" by several people whom he named (including screenwriter Dalton Trumbo, according to the official Congressional record, "Communist infiltration of the Hollywood motion-picture industry"). As a result of being investigated, he found himself on Hollywood’s graylist, people who were on the Hollywood blacklist maintained by the major studios, but could find work at minor film studios on what was called Poverty Row. <mask>'s roles included an insurance investigator in the film noir Double Indemnity, Dathan (the adversary of Moses) in The Ten Commandments, and his final performance in the science-fiction story <mask>.<mask> received an Academy Honorary Award for his work in the film industry, which was awarded two months after he died in 1973. He is ranked number 24 in the American Film Institute's list of the 25 greatest male stars of Classic American cinema. Early years and education
<mask>'s original name was <mask>. He was born into a Yiddish-speaking Romanian Jewish family in Bucharest, the son of Sarah (née <mask>) and <mask>, a builder. After one of his brothers was attacked by an anti-semitic mob, the family decided to emigrate to the United States. <mask> arrived in New York City on February 21, 1904. "At Ellis Island I was born again," he wrote."Life for me began when I was 10 years old." He grew up on the Lower East Side, and had his Bar Mitzvah at First Roumanian-American Congregation. He attended Townsend Harris High School and then the City College of New York, planning to become a criminal attorney. An interest in acting and performing in front of people led to him winning an American Academy of Dramatic Arts scholarship, after which he changed his name to <mask><mask> (the G. standing for his original surname). He served in the United States Navy during World War I, but was never sent overseas. Career

Theatre
He began his acting career in the Yiddish Theatre District in 1913, he made his Broadway debut in 1915. He made his film debut in Arms and the Woman (1916).In 1923, he made his named debut as E.G<mask> in the silent film, The Bright Shawl. The Racket
He played a snarling gangster in the 1927 Broadway police/crime drama The Racket, which led to his being cast in similar film roles, beginning with The Hole in the Wall (1929) with Claudette Colbert for Paramount. One of many actors who saw their careers flourish in the new sound film era rather than falter, he made only three films prior to 1930, but left his stage career that year and made 14 films between 1930 and 1932. <mask> went to Universal for Night Ride (1930) and MGM for A Lady to Love (1930) directed by Victor Sjöström. At Universal he was in Outside the Law and East Is West (both 1930), then he did The Widow from Chicago (1931) at First National. Little Caesar
<mask> was established as a film actor.What made him a star was an acclaimed performance as the gangster Caesar Enrico "Rico" Bandello in Little Caesar (1931) at Warner Bros.

<mask> signed a long-term contract with Warners. They put him in another gangster film, Smart Money (1931), his only movie with James Cagney. He was reunited with Mervyn LeRoy, director of Little Caesar, in Five Star Final (1931), playing a journalist, and played a Tong gangster in The Hatchet Man (1932). <mask> made a third film with LeRoy, Two Seconds (1932) then did a melodrama directed by Howard Hawks, Tiger Shark (1932). Warners tried him in a biopic, Silver Dollar (1932), where <mask> played Horace Tabor, a comedy, The Little Giant (1933) and a romance, I Loved a Woman (1933). <mask> was then in Dark Hazard (1934), and The Man with Two Faces (1934). He went to Columbia for The Whole Town's Talking (1935), a comedy directed by John Ford.<mask> borrowed him for Barbary Coast (1935), again directed by Hawks. Back at Warners he did Bullets or Ballots (1936) then he went to Britain for Thunder in the City (1937). He made Kid Galahad (1937) with Bette Davis and Humphrey Bogart. MGM borrowed him for The Last Gangster (1937) then he did a comedy A Slight Case of Murder (1938). Again with Bogart in a supporting role, he was in The Amazing Dr. Clitterhouse (1938) then he was borrowed by Columbia for I Am the Law (1938). World War II
At the time World War II broke out in Europe, he played an FBI agent in Confessions of a Nazi Spy (1939), the first American film which portrayed Nazism as a threat to the United States. He volunteered for military service in June 1942 but was disqualified due to his age which was 48, although he became an active and vocal critic of fascism and Nazism during that period.MGM borrowed him for Blackmail, (1939). Then to avoid being typecast he played the biomedical scientist and Nobel laureate Paul Ehrlich in Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet (1940) and played Paul Julius Reuter in A Dispatch from Reuter's (1940). Both films were biographies of prominent Jewish public figures. In between, he and Bogart starred in Brother Orchid (1940). <mask> was teamed up with <mask> in The Sea Wolf (1941) and <mask> in Manpower (1941). He went to MGM for Unholy Partners (1942) and made a comedy Larceny, Inc. (1942). Post-Warners
<mask> was one of several stars in Tales of Manhattan (1942) and Flesh and Fantasy (1943).He did war films: Destroyer (1943) at Columbia, and Tampico (1944) at Fox. At Paramount he was in Billy Wilder's Double Indemnity (1944) with Fred MacMurray and Barbara Stanwyck where his riveting soliloquy on insurance actuarial tables (written by Raymond Chandler) is considered a career showstopper,  and at Columbia he was in Mr. Winkle Goes to War (1944). He then performed with Joan Bennett and Dan Duryea in Fritz Lang's The Woman in the Window (1944) and Scarlet Street (1945) where he played a criminal painter. At MGM he was in Our Vines Have Tender Grapes (1945), and then Orson Welles' The Stranger (1946), with Welles and Loretta Young. <mask> followed it with another thriller, The Red House (1947), and starred in an adaptation of All My Sons (1948). <mask> appeared for director John Huston as the gangster Johnny Rocco in Key Largo (1948), the last of five films which he made with Humphrey Bogart and the only one in which Bogart did not play a supporting role. He starred in Night Has a Thousand Eyes in 1948 and starred in House of Strangers in 1949.Greylisting
<mask> found it hard to get work after his greylisting. He starred in low budget films: Actors and Sin (1952), Vice Squad (1953) with brief appearances by second-billed Paulette <mask>, Big Leaguer (1953) with Vera-Ellen, The Glass Web (1953) with John Forsythe, Black Tuesday (1954) with <mask>, The Violent Men (1955) with <mask> and Barbara Stanwyck, the well-received Tight Spot (1955) with <mask> and Brian Keith, A Bullet for Joey (1955) with <mask>, Illegal (1955) with Nina Foch, and Hell on Frisco Bay (1956) with Alan Ladd. His career's rehabilitation received a boost in 1954, when the noted anti-communist film director Cecil B. DeMille cast him as the traitorous Dathan in The Ten Commandments. The film was released in 1956, as was his psychological thriller Nightmare. After a subsequent short absence from the screen, <mask>'s film career—augmented by an increasing number of television roles—restarted for good in 1958/59, when he was second-billed after Frank Sinatra in the 1959 release A Hole in the Head. Supporting actor
<mask> went to Europe for Seven Thieves (1960). He had support roles in My Geisha (1962), Two Weeks in Another Town (1962), Sammy Going South (1963), The Prize (1963), Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964), Good Neighbor Sam (1964), Cheyenne Autumn (1964), and The Outrage (1964).He was second-billed under Steve McQueen with his name above the title in The Cincinnati Kid (1965; McQueen had idolized <mask> while growing up and opted for him when Spencer Tracy insisted on top billing for the same role), and was top billed in The Blonde from Peking. He also appeared in Grand Slam (1967) starring Janet Leigh and Klaus Kinski. <mask> was originally cast in the role of Dr. Zaius in Planet Of The Apes (1968) and he even went so far as to film a screen test with Charlton Heston. However, <mask> dropped out of the project before its production began due to heart problems and concerns over the long hours which he would have needed to spend under the heavy ape makeup. He was replaced by Maurice Evans. His later appearances included The Biggest Bundle of Them All (1968) starring Robert Wagner and Raquel Welch, Never a Dull Moment (1968) with Dick Van Dyke, It's Your Move (1968), Mackenna's Gold (1969) starring <mask> and Omar Sharif, and the Night Gallery episode “The Messiah on Mott Street" (1971). The last scene which <mask> filmed was a euthanasia sequence, with his friend and co-star Charlton Heston, in the science fiction cult film Soylent Green (1973); he died only twelve days later.Heston, as president of the Screen Actors Guild, presented <mask> with its annual award in 1969, "in recognition of his pioneering work in organizing the union, his service during World War II, and his 'outstanding achievement in fostering the finest ideals of the acting profession.'" <mask> was never nominated for an Academy Award, but in 1973 he was awarded an honorary Oscar in recognition that he had "achieved greatness as a player, a patron of the arts and a dedicated citizen ... in sum, a Renaissance man". He had been notified of the honor, but he

masks:
Edward G
. Robinson
Emanuel Goldenberg
Robinson
Soylent Green
Robinson
Robinson
Emanuel Goldenberg
Guttman
Morris Goldenberg
Robinson
Edward G
. Robinson
. Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Sam Goldwyn
Robinson
John Garfield
George Raft
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Goddard
Peter Graves
Glenn Ford
Ginger Rogers
George Raft
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Gregory Peck
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson


title: Edward G. Robinson

type: original

texts:
 died two months before the award ceremony took place, so the award was accepted by his widow, <mask>. Radio
From 1937 to 1942, <mask> starred as Steve Wilson, editor of the Illustrated Press, in the newspaper drama Big Town. He also portrayed hardboiled detective Sam Spade for a Lux Radio Theatre adaptation of The Maltese Falcon. During the 1940s he also performed on CBS Radio's "Cadena de las Américas" network broadcasts to South America in collaboration with Nelson Rockefeller's cultural diplomacy program at the U.S. State Department's Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs. Personal life

<mask> was married twice, first to stage actress <mask>, born <mask> Cassell, in 1927; she was the former wife of Ralph L. Vestervelt and the daughter of Clement C. Cassell, an architect, sculptor and artist.The couple had one son, <mask><mask>, Jr. (a.k.a. <mask>, 1933–1974), as well as a daughter from <mask>'s first marriage. In 1956 the couple divorced. In 1958 he married Jane Bodenheimer, a dress designer professionally known as Jane Arden. Thereafter he also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. In noticeable contrast to many of his onscreen characters, <mask> was a sensitive, soft-spoken and cultured man who spoke seven languages. Remaining a liberal Democrat, he attended the 1960 Democratic Convention in Los Angeles, California.He was a passionate art collector, eventually building up a significant private collection. In 1956, however, he was forced to sell his collection to pay for his divorce settlement with <mask>; his finances had also suffered due to underemployment in the early 1950s. Death
<mask> died of bladder cancer at Cedars Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles on January 26, 1973. Services were held at Temple Israel in Los Angeles where Charlton Heston delivered the eulogy. Over 1,500 friends of <mask> attended with another 500 crowded outside. His body was then flown to New York where it was entombed in a crypt in the family mausoleum at Beth-El Cemetery in Brooklyn. Among his pallbearers were Jack L. Warner, Hal B. Wallis, Mervyn LeRoy, <mask>, Sam Jaffe, and Frank Sinatra.In October 2000, <mask>'s image was imprinted on a U.S. postage stamp, its sixth in its Legends of Hollywood series. Political activism
During the 1930s, <mask> was an outspoken public critic of fascism and Nazism, and he also donated more than $250,000 to 850 political and charitable organizations between 1939 and 1949. He was host to the Committee of 56 which gathered at his home on December 9, 1938, signing a "Declaration of Democratic Independence" which called for a boycott of all German-made products. Although he attempted to enlist in the military at the outbreak of World War II, he was unable to do so because of his age; instead, the Office of War Information appointed him as a Special Representative based in London. From there, taking advantage of his multilingual skills, he delivered radio addresses in over six languages to European countries which had fallen under Nazi domination. His talent as a radio speaker in the U.S. had previously been recognized by the American Legion, which had given him an award for his "outstanding contribution to Americanism through his stirring patriotic appeals". <mask> was also an active member of the Hollywood Democratic Committee, serving on its executive board in 1944, during which time he became an "enthusiastic" campaigner for Roosevelt's reelection that same year.During the 1940s <mask> also contributed to the cultural diplomacy initiatives of Roosevelt's Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs in support of Pan-Americanism through his broadcasts to South America on the CBS "Cadena da las Américas" radio network. In early July 1944, less than a month after the Invasion of Normandy by Allied forces, <mask> traveled to Normandy to entertain the troops, becoming the first movie star to go there for the USO. He personally donated $100,000 ($1,500,000 in 2015 dollars) to the USO. After returning to the U.S. he continued his active involvement in the war effort by going to shipyards and defense plants in order to inspire workers, in addition to appearing at rallies in order to help sell war bonds. After the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, while he was not a supporter of Communism, he appeared at Soviet war relief rallies in order to give moral aid to America's new ally, which he said could join "together in their hatred of Hitlerism". After the war ended, <mask> publicly spoke out in support of democratic rights for all Americans, especially in demanding equality for Blacks in the workplace. He endorsed the Fair Employment Practices Commission's call to end workplace discrimination.Black leaders praised him as "one of the great friends of the Negro and a great advocator of Democracy". <mask> also campaigned for the civil rights of African-Americans, helping many people to overcome segregation and discrimination. During the years when <mask> spoke out against fascism and Nazism, he was not a supporter of Communism, but he did not criticize the Soviet Union which he saw as an ally against Hitler. However, notes the film historian Steven J. Ross, "activists who attacked Hitler without simultaneously attacking Stalin were vilified by conservative critics as either Communists, Communist dupes, or, at best, as naive liberal dupes." In addition, <mask> learned that 11 out of the more than 850 charities and groups which he had helped over the previous decade were listed as Communist front organizations by the FBI. As a result, he was called to testify in front of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1950 and 1952 and he was also threatened with blacklisting. As it appears in the full House Un-American Activities Committee transcript for April 30, 1952, <mask> "named names" of Communist sympathizers (Albert Maltz, Dalton Trumbo, John Howard Lawson, Frank Tuttle, and Sidney Buchman) and repudiated some of the organizations which he had belonged to in the 1930s and 1940s.He came to realize, "I was duped and used." His own name was cleared, but in the aftermath, his career noticeably suffered, because he was offered smaller roles and they were offered to him less frequently. In October 1952, he wrote an article which was titled "How the Reds made a Sucker Out of Me", and it was published in the American Legion Magazine. The chair of the committee, Francis E. Walter, told <mask> at the end of his testimonies, that the Committee "never had any evidence presented to indicate that you were anything more than a very choice sucker." In popular culture

<mask> has been the inspiration for a number of animated television characters, usually caricatures of his most distinctive 'snarling gangster' guise. An early version of the gangster character Rocky, featured in the Bugs Bunny cartoon Racketeer Rabbit, shared his likeness. This version of the character also appears briefly in Justice League, in the episode "Comfort and Joy", as an alien with <mask>'s face and non-human body, who hovers past the screen as a background character.Similar caricatures also appeared in The Coo-Coo Nut Grove, Thugs with Dirty Mugs and Hush My Mouse. Another character based on <mask>'s tough-guy image was The Frog (Chauncey "Flat Face" Frog) from the cartoon series Courageous Cat and Minute Mouse. The voice of B.B. Eyes in The Dick Tracy Show was based on <mask>, with Mel Blanc and Jerry Hausner sharing voicing duties. The Wacky Races animated series character 'Clyde' from the Ant Hill Mob was based on <mask>'s Little Caesar persona. Voice actor Hank Azaria has noted that the voice of Simpsons character police chief Clancy Wiggum is an impression of <mask>. This has been explicitly joked about in episodes of the show.In "The Day the Violence Died" (1996), a character states that Chief Wiggum is clearly based on <mask>. In 2008's "Treehouse of Horror XIX", Wiggum and <mask>'s ghost each accuse the other of being rip-offs. Another caricature of <mask> appears in two episodes of Star Wars: The Clone Wars season two, in the person of Lt. Tan Divo. Arok the Hutt was inspired by <mask><mask>'s gangster portrayals in Star Wars: The Clone Wars

<mask> was played by Michael Stuhlbarg in the 2015 film Trumbo. His portrayal as a man who named supposed communists is controversial. Filmography
Excluding appearances as himself. Arms and the Woman (1916) as Factory Worker
 The Bright Shawl (1923) as Domingo Escobar
 The Hole in the Wall (1929) as The Fox
 The Kibitzer (1930, screenplay)
 Night Ride (1930) as <mask>
 A Lady to Love (1930) as Tony
 An Intimate Dinner in Celebration of Warner Brothers Silver Jubilee (1930, Short) as Himself
 Die Sehnsucht jeder Frau (1930) as Tony
 Outside the Law (1930) as Cobra Collins
 East Is West (1930) as Charlie Yong
 The Widow from Chicago (1930) as Dominic
 How I Play Golf by Bobby Jones No.'Barnie' Barnaby
 Big Leaguer (1953) as John B. 'Hans' Lobert
 The Glass Web (1953) as Henry Hayes
 Black Tuesday (1954) as Vincent Canelli
 For the Defense (1954 TV movie) as Matthew Considine
 The Violent Men (1955) as Lew Wilkison
 Tight Spot (1955) as Lloyd Hallett
 A Bullet for Joey (1955) as Inspector Raoul Leduc
 Illegal (1955) as Victor Scott
 Hell on Frisco Bay (1956) as Victor Amato
 Nightmare (1956) as Rene Bressard
 The Ten Commandments (1956) as Dathan
 The Heart of Show Business (1957, Short) as Narrator
 A Hole in the Head (1959) (with Frank Sinatra) as Mario Manetta
 Seven Thieves (1960) as Theo Wilkins
 The Right Man (1960, TV Movie) as Theodore Roosevelt
 Pepe (1960) (with Cantinflas) as Himself
 My Geisha (1962) as Sam Lewis
 Two Weeks in Another Town (1962) (with Kirk Douglas) as Maurice Kruger
 Sammy Going South (1963) (a.k.a. A Boy Ten Feet Tall) as Cocky Wainwright
 The Prize (1963) as Dr. Max Stratman
 Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964) (with the Rat Pack) as Big Jim Stevens (uncredited)
 Good Neighbor Sam (1964) (with Jack Lemmon) as Simon Nurdlinger
 Cheyenne Autumn (1964) as Secretary of the Interior Carl Schurz
 The Outrage (1964) as Con Man
 Who Has Seen the Wind? (1965, TV Movie) as Captain
 The Cincinnati Kid (1965) (with Steve McQueen) as Lancey Howard
 All About People (1967, Short) as Narrator
 The Blonde from Peking (1967) as Douglas – chef

masks:
Jane Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Gladys Lloyd
Gladys Lloyd
Edward G
. Robinson
Manny Robinson
Gladys Robinson
Robinson
Gladys Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
George Burns
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Robinson
Edward G
. Robinson
Robinson
Tony Garotta


title: Nikki Jean

texts:
Nicholle "<mask>" <mask> (born August 25, 1983) is an American singer-songwriter and occasional actress from St. Paul, Minnesota. Aside from her solo career, <mask> was once a part of the Philadelphia-based music group Nouveau Riche. She first gained major recognition in 2008, when she was featured on Lupe Fiasco's single "Hip-Hop Saved My Life", from his second album The Cool. In 2011, she signed as a recording contract with indie record label, S-Curve Records. In 2011, she released the concept album, Pennies in a Jar. The lead single, "Steel and Feathers (Don't Ever)" was co-written by Bob Dylan. As an actress, she performed in the award-winning independent film, On the Outs.In 2018, she signed a recording contract with Rhymesayers Entertainment for the release of her new EP. Life and career

Early life and career beginnings
<mask> was born on August 25, 1983, in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. She moved around with her mother spending time in both South Dakota and Minnesota. She ended up attending High School in both St. Paul, Minnesota, United States and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. During her years as a child actor in the Minneapolis theater scene, she spent two years under the musical tutelage of JD and Fred Steele. The Steele family are pillars of the Minneapolis gospel scene and were back up singers for Prince, and she credits them with her sense of harmony and vocal arrangement. She attended college early and graduated from Howard University with a degree in Sociology.While at Howard University, she was invited to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and would soon join the band Nouveau Riche as the lead singer. 2007–2009: Philadelphia and Lupe Fiasco
In Philadelphia, she began posting music online. As her fanbase grew from the acoustic music she posted on, producers Chris & Drop discovered her and reached out. They would in turn introduce her to Lupe Fiasco while he was working on his second album The Cool. She would write the hook and feature on Hip-Hop Saved My Life and guest feature on "Little Weapon". On the day The Cool was released. <mask> uploaded a video of her opening the CD for the first time.The video exploded online and she was subsequently interviewed on CNN. From April 16, 2008 to August 6, 2008, <mask> was part of the Glow in the Dark Tour with Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, Rihanna and N.E.R.D. 2009–2012: Pennies in a Jar
While on tour <mask> was introduced to producer Sam Hollander and the two came up with an idea for a concept album based around <mask>'s songwriting ability. She would travel the country writing with some of America's best songwriters. <mask> co-wrote each song with a writer in the Songwriting Hall of Fame. In the process <mask> wrote with over 30 hall of fame songwriters including Thom Bell, Luigi Creatore, Lamont Dozier, Burt Bacharach, Jeff Barry, Carole King, Bobby Braddock, Paul Williams, Jimmy Webb, Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil, Carly Simon and Bob Dylan. The Concept was shopped to a few labels and she eventually signed with Columbia Records.Although they liked the concept Columbia decided not to release the album. The album Pennies in a Jar, was released on July 12, 2011 on S-Curve Records/Universal Records. Lupe Fiasco returned the favor by appearing on the album's second single "Million Star Motel", alongside Black Thought. She was invited to open for Mayer Hawthorne, on his nationwide concert tour. Her single "My Love" reached number eight in Japan on Hot 100 Singles chart and she toured Japan and Australia in support of the project. On July 14, she performed "How To Unring A Bell" on the Late Show with David Letterman to promote her album. 2012–2014: Surgery and Champagne Water
While recording Pennies in a Jar, <mask> realized it was getting harder to sing every night on tour.When she returned to Philadelphia she was informed by her doctors she had nodules on her thyroid. While they were not cancerous they did affect her ability to maintain her vocal training. She decided to have a Thyroidectomy at Johns Hopkins University. Utilizing a brand new nerve sensor, the doctors were able to remove the thyroid and nodules without damaging her vocal chords and associated nerves. With brand new control over her voice <mask> Fiasco's new album Tetsuo & Youth, on the tracks "Little Death", "No Scratches", and "Madonna (And Other Mothers in the Hood)".On October 22, 2014 <mask> released "Champagne Water", the first single off her Champagne Water EP. It features a guest verse from Ab-Soul. Upon release it skyrocketed to the top of the Billboard Magazine Real Time Charts. Vibe Magazine online premiered the new EP by <mask> on November 19, 2014. It is also available for free download on her personal website. The project features collaborations with Ab-Soul, Kevin Olusola (Pentatonix) and includes production from Donnie Trumpet, Nate fox, Peter Cottontale, Like (Pac Div) and double-0

2015–present
<mask> collaborated with Lupe Fiasco once again and contributed writing and vocals to five songs on his album Tetsuo & Youth. It was released on January 20, 2015.<mask> performed "Little Death" on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon with Lupe Fiasco and The Roots on February 25, 2015. (WATCH). <mask> and Lupe Fiasco closed out Season 1 of Hannibal Burress Comedy Central Show Why? with Hannibal Buress. In 2017 she began recording a new project. At the end of the year she signed a deal with Rhymesayers Entertainment for its release. The first single "People & Planes" was release April 24, 2018.She was also featured on Fiasco’s 2018 LP “Drogas.”

Discography

Albums
Pennies in a Jar (2011)

EPs
X-Mas EP (2013)
Champagne Water EP (2014)
Beautiful Prison (2019)

Singles
As lead artist

As featured artist

Guest appearances

See also
Nouveau Riche discography

Filmography

References

External links

Musicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Living people
African-American women singer-songwriters
American women singer-songwriters
21st-century American singers
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American female hip hop singers
American neo soul singers
1983 births
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota
21st-century American women singers
Rhymesayers Entertainment artists
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

masks:
Nikki
Jean Leary
Jean
Nikki Jean
Nikki
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jean
Nikki
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jeanpe
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jean
Nikki Jean
Jean
Nikki


title: James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope

texts:
<mask>, 1st <mask>  (c. 16735 February 1721) was a British soldier, diplomat and statesman who effectively served as Chief Minister between 1717 and 1721. Born in Paris as the son of a prominent diplomat, Stanhope pursued a military career. Although he also served in Flanders and Italy, he is best remembered for his service in Portugal and Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was the first British Governor of Minorca, which he captured from the Spanish in 1708. In 1710 he commanded the British contingent of the Allied Army which occupied Madrid, having won a decisive victory at the Battle of Zaragoza. Having then evacuated the Spanish capital, Stanhope's rearguard on the retreat to Barcelona were overwhelmed and forced to surrender at Brihuega. Paroled, he returned to Britain and pursued a political career as a Whig.A supporter of the Hanoverian Succession he was rewarded with office by George I in 1714. As Southern Secretary he oversaw the negotiation of an Anglo-French Alliance. Emerging as the dominant figure in government after 1717, following the Whig Split, he led Britain to success in a new Spanish War and suppressed a Jacobite Rising in 1719. However the government was overtaken by the collapse of the South Sea Bubble and he died in office. He is occasionally mentioned as an alternative candidate to Robert Walpole as Britain's first Prime Minister. Background and education
<mask> was born in Paris in 1673, the eldest of the seven children of <mask> (1638–1707), and his wife Katherine (died 1718), the daughter and co-heir of Arnold Burghill, of Thinghall Parva, Withington, Herefordshire, by his second wife Grizell, co-heir of John Prise of Ocle Pyrchard, Herefordshire. He was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Oxford, where he matriculated in May 1688.Stanhope accompanied his father, then English Ambassador to Madrid, to Spain in 1690, and obtained some knowledge of that country which was very useful to him in later life. A little later he went to Italy where, as afterwards in Flanders, he served as a volunteer against France, and in 1695 he secured a commission in the English army. In 1701 Stanhope entered the House of Commons, but he continued his career as a soldier and was in Spain and Portugal during the earlier stages of the War of the Spanish Succession. Spanish Campaigns

Cadiz

During the opening stages of the war he was in Ireland on recruiting duty. He desperately sought a chance of combat, and was given permission to accompany the Duke of Ormonde's expedition to Cadiz. The attempt to capture Cadiz failed, but the expedition enjoyed success on the return journey at the Battle of Vigo Bay. Portugal
In 1703 he served with the Duke of Marlborough's Army in the Low Countries, having arrived too late to take part in the Siege of Bonn.His regiment was then transferred to Lisbon. Due to Portugal's entry into the war on the Allied side, a large British continent was sent to assist them. While Stanhope was in Lisbon recovering from an attack of fever his regiment was part of a Portuguese-commanded garrison which surrendered the town of Portalegre. Barcelona

In 1705 he served in Spain under Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough, notably at the Siege of Barcelona and in 1706 he was appointed English minister in Spain, but his duties were still military as well as diplomatic, and in 1708, after some differences with Peterborough, who favoured defensive measures only, he was made commander-in-chief of the British forces in that country. Minorca

Taking the offensive he captured Port Mahon, Minorca. During the operation his younger brother <mask>, a naval officer, was killed. Madrid campaign
After a visit to England in which he took part in the impeachment of Henry Sacheverell, he returned to Spain for the campaign of 1710, with Allied victories at Almenar and Saragossa in July and August enabling Archduke Charles to enter Madrid in September.On the back of these triumphs, <mask> was selected as Whig candidate for the Westminster seat in the 1710 General Election, with his cousin Lt-General Sherington Davenport as proxy in his absence. Defeat
Unlike many constituencies, Westminster had a relatively large electorate of over 10,000 and its proximity to both Court and Parliament meant the result often influenced others. Almenar was used to promote 'brave, virtuous Stanhope' but his Tory opponent Thomas Crosse easily won the seat aided by the satirist Jonathan Swift who published thinly disguised accusations of Stanhope's homosexuality. The Tories won the General election in December by a landslide, by which time Stanhope was a prisoner in Spain but this theme was to form an important part of his future image. Lack of support from the local population meant the Allies entered an almost deserted Madrid and were effectively isolated when Portuguese forces were prevented from crossing into Spain. In November, the Allies left Madrid for Catalonia in separate detachments, one of 5,000 under Stanhope and the second of 12,000 under the Austrian Starhemberg. Stanhope's division was taken by surprise and forced to surrender by a French army led by Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme at Brihuega on 9 December 1710.The next day Vendôme followed this up by defeating Starhemberg at Villaviciosa; these defeats were a devastating setback to Allied ambitions in Spain. Although Allied forces continued to operate out of Catalonia, British commitment to the war was already waning under the new Tory government and <mask>'s replacement as British commander in Spain the Duke of Argyll took no offensive action. Of great significance was the death of Emperor Joseph I in April 1711 which meant Archduke Charles became Emperor Charles VI. This caused Britain to withdraw from the war since a Spanish and Austrian union threatened the European balance of power, and was as unwelcome as a French one. Philip V retained the Spanish throne, although lost many of Spain's traditional territories. Later Stanhope would admit to Queen Anne that he believed that the Spanish campaign was flawed in its general strategy, and even with more troops deployed there would struggle given the general preference of the Spanish population for Philip over Charles. Most of the prisoners taken at Brihuega were quickly exchanged but Stanhope himself remained a prisoner in Spain and only returned to England in August 1712, coming via Paris where he encountered the Tory politician Henry St. John who was there negotiating a peace treaty with France.Political career, 1712–1721
Once back in Britain he now abandoned his military career and moved wholly into politics. He soon sat for another seat, Wendover, and became one of the leaders of the Whig opposition in the House of Commons to Robert Harley's Tory administration. In particular he opposed the terms of the Treaty of Utrecht by which Britain unilaterally made peace with France and abandoned its allies. He was a staunch supporter of the House of Hanover. Once George I succeeded to the throne following the death of Queen Anne in 1714, he replaced the Tory government with a largely Whig one. Several senior Tories were either imprisoned or fled into exile due to their perceived support of the Jacobite <mask>. Secretary of State

In September 1714 he was appointed Secretary of State for the Southern Department.With Walpole he provided the leadership of the House of Commons. In early 1715 the new government's position was secured when it won a decisive election victory. He was mainly responsible for the measures which were instrumental in crushing the Jacobite rising of 1715. He forwarded the passing of the Septennial Act in 1716 that established that general elections should be held every seven years. In July 1716 he accompanied George I on his return to Hanover. He acted as George I's foreign minister, and only just failed to conclude a treaty of alliance with France in 1716. In 1717 there was a dramatic schism in the Whig Party with <mask> and Sunderland forming one grouping while Walpole and Townshend opposed them.Walpole led his supporters into opposition, coinciding with a similar dispute within the royal family between George I and his son George, Prince of Wales. This Whig Split divided the dominant Whig movement for three years. Emergence as First Minister

In 1717, consequent on changes in the ministry, Stanhope was made First Lord of the Treasury, and was the last Chancellor of the Exchequer to sit in the House of Lords. A year later he returned to his former office of secretary for the southern department. On 3 July 1717, he was created Baron <mask> of Elvaston and Viscount <mask> of Mahon and, on 14 April 1718, Earl Stanhope. He was in all but name Prime Minister and is sometimes presented as the first Prime Minister of Great Britain, rather than Sir Robert Walpole who is more usually considered as that figure. Domestically his government suffered a defeat when the Impeachment of Robert Harley, former first minister, ended in his acquittal in July 1717.War of the Quadruple Alliance

He saw Britain's principal foreign policy goals as containing the threat of Spanish, Austrian or Russian expansionist tendencies. His activity was now shown in the conclusion of the Quadruple Alliance between Britain, France, Austria and the United Provinces in 1718, and in obtaining peace for Sweden, when threatened by Russia and Denmark. He entered delicate negotiations with Spain which wished for the return of Gibraltar, which he was only prepared to do in exchange for Cuba and Florida. Ultimately the talks broke down, setting the path to the later Thirteenth Siege of Gibraltar. In the ensuing War of the Quadruple Alliance British forces were involved in a campaign to prevent Spanish expansion in Italy. Spain landed troops in Scotland in support of the Jacobites who they hoped to restore to the throne. The expedition was defeated at the Battle of Glen Shiel and in retaliation the British dispatched a force that briefly captured Vigo in October 1719.In the wake of these setbacks Spain agreed to the Treaty of The Hague the following year. Domestically, he promoted the Peerage Bill of 1719 to limit the membership of the House of Lords a controversial move as it was seen as an attack directed at his former Whig colleagues led by Walpole. His attempts at pushing for greater religious toleration were defeated by Walpole's supporters. South Sea Bubble

Just after the collapse of the South Sea Bubble, for which he was partly responsible but from which he did not profit, the earl was defending his government with customary vigour and panache in House of Lords on 4 February 1721 when he was taken ill with a violent headache. After some apparent recovery the following day, he died of a stroke at eight o'clock that evening. The king was shocked and distraught at the sudden "loss of so able and faithful a minister, of whose service his Majesty had so great need at this critical juncture". On the king's orders Stanhope was given a full military funeral through London on 17 February to Southwark, and he was afterwards privately buried at Chevening.He was succeeded by his eldest son Philip (1714–1786), a distinguished mathematician and a fellow of the Royal Society. Reputation
Basil Williams said Stanhope, "had no special bent for domestic politics.... His impetuosity and want of experience indeed led him into mistakes sometimes in dealing with internal questions." However, Williams goes on to argue that:
On the other hand, in foreign politics his comprehensive grasp of European conditions and of England's essential interests, his tact and self-control in dealings with foreign allies or opponents, and the blunt honesty of his diplomacy gave him an ascendancy rarely equaled by any of our foreign ministers. This ascendancy was the more remarkable since it had peace alone as its object and its result. The long epoch of comparative security in external relations which enabled Walpole quietly to consolidate the country's internal prosperity on a sound basis was mainly due to Stanhope's achievement in foreign policy. Family
On 24 February 1713, Stanhope married Lucy Pitt (1692–1723), a younger daughter of Thomas Pitt, the first governor of Madras, and aunt to William Pitt the Elder. Although Stanhope found little time for domesticity, it was a happy union, and the couple had seven children, including two sets of twins:
<mask>, 2nd <mask>e (1714–1786)
Lady Lucy Stanhope (15 August 171415 May 1785)
Lt-Col Hon.<mask> (28 December 171724 January 1754)
Lady <mask> (born 1718), died young
Lady <mask> (born 30 October 1719)
Hon. <mask> (19 August 172121 April 1730)
Lady <mask> (born 19 August 1721), died young

His sister Mary, one of Queen Anne's six Maids of Honour, 1702–1707, married Charles, 1st Viscount Fane in 1707. See also
 Kingdom of Great Britain

Notes

Further reading
 Williams, Basil. The Whig Supremacy: 17141760 (2nd ed. 1962) pp. 154–79. online
 Williams, Basil.Stanhope:  a study in eighteenth-century war and diplomacy. Clarendon Press, 1932 (reissue 1968). Tolley, Stewart. "In Praise of General Stanhope: Reputation, Public Opinion and the Battle of Almenar, 1710-1733." British Journal for Military History 3.2 (2017). Edwards, F.L. <mask>, first earl Stanhope (1673-1721) and British foreign policy (1925).Field, Ophelia. The Kit-Kat Club: Friends Who Imagined a Nation. HarperPress, 2008. Holmes, Richard. Marlborough: England's Fragile Genius. HarperPress, 2008. Pearce, Edward.The Great Man: Sir Robert Walpole. Scoundrel, genius and Britain's First Prime Minister. Pimlico, 2008. |-

|-

1673 births
1721 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
British Army generals
British military personnel of the War of the Spanish Succession
British MPs 1707–1708
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1710–1713
British MPs 1713–1715
British MPs 1715–1722
British Secretaries of State
Chancellors of the Exchequer of Great Britain
Devonshire Regiment officers
Earls Stanhope
Peers of Great Britain created by George I
Ambassadors of England to Spain
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
Ambassadors of Great Britain to Spain
James
English MPs 1701–1702
English MPs 1702–1705
English MPs 1705–1707
Members of the Kit-Kat Club
Ambassadors of Great Britain to the Holy Roman Emperor
Leaders of the House of Lords
People from Chevening, Kent
Burials at Westminster Abbey

masks:
James Stanhope
Earl Stanhope
Stanhope
Alexander Stanhope
Philip Stanhope
Stanhope
Stanhope
James Stuart
Stanhope
Stanhope
Stanhope
Philip Stanhope
Earl Stanhop
George Stanhope
Gertrude Stanhope
Jane Stanhope
James Stanhope
Catherine Stanhope
James


title: Kazuo Takahashi

texts:
, ring name , is a Japanese retired mixed martial artist. A professional competitor from 1993 until 2013 (and then once again in 2018), he competed for the UFC, PRIDE Fighting Championships, Pancrase, RINGS, K-1 HERO'S, and World Victory Road. He is the former King of Pancrase Heavyweight Champion. Background
<mask> excelled in amateur wrestling, becoming a high school state champion in Japan, and also trained in karate. he graduated from Yachiyo Shoin High School and Nihon University. he started in Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi in 1992 but joined Pancrase the following year. Pancrase
<mask> debuted in mixed martial arts in Pancrase against legally blind yet decorated amateur wrestler George Weingeroff.The Japanese capitalized on his opponent's inability to see his strikes, and knocked him out with a roundhouse kick. However, it was in his second professional fight in which he gained popularity, becoming known for his incredible toughness and desire to win. Fighting Ken Shamrock, <mask> suffered a broken jaw from a palm strike and knee and ankle damage from a heel hook, but refused to give up. <mask> was limping badly for the rest of the bout but continued to fight. Eventually, he got caught in a very tight heel hook and could not escape and was forced to tap. <mask> had to be carried out of the ring after the fight. In another memorable showing of heart, <mask> got caught in a heel hook against Bas Rutten which inevitably broke his shin bone in half.Unwilling to stop the match, <mask> stood up and continued to fight until, upon kicking Rutten with his broken leg, his shin bone completely snapped in half. His shin didn't bend thanks to the kneeboot he was wearing, but the injury was too much and he finally accepted the match was stopped. It would be a year and a half until <mask> fought again. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In 1997, <mask> had his debut for Ultimate Fighting Championship at the UFC 12 event, where he was pitted against Brazilian jiu-jitsu specialist Wallid Ismail. The fight would become infamous for its irregularities and disregard for the rules, as <mask> seemed to be uninformed of the event's ruleset while Ismail intentionally ignored it. Wallid tried to take Kazuo down several times, only for the Japanese to keep balance every time by illegally grabbing the fence despite the referee's continuous warnings. Minutes into the match, Yoshiki knocked down Wallid with a right hook that seemed to end the fight, but the Japanese wrestler stood waiting instead of following up, believing his opponent would receive a 10 count like in Pancrase.<mask> was better informed about the rule allowing low blows, however, and he demonstrated it by shockingly sliding his hand on Ismail's trunks, tearing away his protective cup and hitting multiple knee strikes to the groin. After some more strike exchanges, the Japanese took the Brazilian down and landed headbutts and hammerfists through his guard until the end of the round. As there was no finish, they went into extra round. New miscommunications would arise at the overtime when Ismail eye-gouged <mask>, as the Japanese wrestler asked for time to check it out, which was refused due to referee Big John McCarthy not noticing the foul. <mask> also kicked Ismail on the ground, an illegal attack under the UFC ruleset due to his wrestling shoes. Once cleared up from the confusion, <mask> dominated the rest of the overtime with effective punches to take the unanimous decision win. He advanced round, but had to pull out due to a hand injury, being replaced by alternate Nick Sanzo.|-
| Win
| align=center| 26-16-3
| Tsuyoshi Ozawa
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| Pancrase: 2003 Neo-Blood Tournament Opening Round
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
| Defended the King of Pancrase Heavyweight Championship. |-
| Win
| align=center| 25-15-3
| Hideki Tadao
| Decision (majority)
| Pancrase: Spirit 6
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Umeda Stella Hall
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 24-15-3
| Katsuhisa Fujii
| TKO (punches)
| Pancrase: Proof 7
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:12
| Yokohama, Japan
| Won the inaugural Pancrase Heavyweight Championship. 3
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 30:00
| Osaka, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3-2
| Katsuomi Inagaki
| Submission (rear naked choke)
| Pancrase: Pancrash!

masks: Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Takahashi Kazuo Takahashi Takahashi


title: Thelma Todd

texts:
<mask> (July 29, 1906 – December 16, 1935) was an American actress and businesswoman who was often referred to by the nicknames "The Ice Cream Blonde" and "Hot Toddy". Appearing in around 120 feature films and shorts  between 1926 and 1935, she is best remembered for her comedic roles opposite ZaSu Pitts, and in films such as Marx Brothers' Monkey Business and Horse Feathers and a number of Charley Chase's short comedies. She co-starred with Buster Keaton and Jimmy Durante in Speak Easily. She also had roles in several Wheeler and Woolsey and Laurel and Hardy films, the last of which (The Bohemian Girl) featured her in a part that was cut short by her suspicious death in 1935 at the age of 29. Early life
<mask> was born in Lawrence, Massachusetts, to <mask>, an upholsterer from Ireland, later, a superintendent of streets, an alderman, and Lawrence’s commissioner of health and charities in 1912 and Alice Elizabeth Edwards, an immigrant from Canada. She had an older brother, William, who died in an accident in 1910. She was a bright and successful student.Intending to become a schoolteacher, she enrolled at the Lowell Normal School (now University of Massachusetts, Lowell) after graduating from high school in 1923. As a student, she earned money as a model, entered beauty pageants in her late teens, gained the attention of Elks Lodge 65, was crowned 1925 Miss Lawrence, and won the title of 1925 Miss Massachusetts. While representing her home state, she was spotted by a Hollywood talent scout. She was offered a slot at the Paramount Players School in Astoria, Queens, New York City, at a time when Paramount Studios was training would-be-actors in acting, diction, athletics and manners. Of the 16 members of her cohort, only Charles "Buddy" Rogers also made it to Hollywood. <mask> later found work, in 1929, at Hal Roach Studios. Career

Film

During the silent film era, <mask> appeared in numerous supporting roles that made full use of her beauty but gave her little chance to act.With the advent of the talkies, she was able to expand her roles when producer Hal Roach signed her to appear with comedy stars such as Harry Langdon, Charley Chase, and Laurel and Hardy. In 1931, Roach cast <mask> in her own series of 17-to-27-minute slapstick comedy shorts. Attempt to create a female version of Laurel and Hardy,  Roach teamed <mask> with ZaSu Pitts for 17 shorts, from "Let's do Things" (June 1931) through "One Track Minds" (May 1933). When Pitts left in 1933, she was replaced by Patsy Kelly, who appeared with <mask> in 21 shorts, from "Beauty and the Bus" (September 1933) through "An All American Toothache" (January 1936). These shorts often cast <mask> as a levelheaded working girl doing her best to remain poised and charming despite numerous problems and her ditzy sidekick's embarrassing antics. In 1931, <mask> starred in Corsair, a film directed by Roland West, with whom she become romantically involved. <mask> became highly regarded as a capable film comedian, and Roach loaned her to other studios to play opposite Wheeler & Woolsey, Buster Keaton, Joe E. Brown, and the Marx Brothers.She also successfully appeared in dramas, such as the original 1931 version of The Maltese Falcon starring Ricardo Cortez as Sam Spade, where she played Miles Archer's treacherous widow. She appeared in around 120 feature films and shorts in her career. <mask> continued her short-subject series through 1935 and was featured in the full-length Laurel and Hardy comedy The Bohemian Girl. It was her last role before her untimely death at age 29. Although she had completed all of her scenes, producer Roach had them re-shot, fearing negative publicity. He deleted all of <mask>'s dialogue, and limited her appearance to one musical number. Sidewalk Cafe
Originally built in 1928, by architect Mark Daniels, as the Castellammare housing tract business block, in August 1934, <mask> opened, in partnership with Jewel Carmen and Roland West, Thelma <mask>'s Sidewalk Cafe, at 17575 Pacific Coast Highway, Castellammare, Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles.The ground floor housed a restaurant, on the second story, <mask> and West lived in adjoining ocean-view apartments, with only by a sliding wooden door separating their bedrooms. and held parties in the adjacent, private nightclub named Joya's (for West's ex-wife Jewel Carmen), the third-floor, hexagonally-shaped, had a dance floor and bandstand. It attracted a diverse clientele of Hollywood celebrities, and many tourists. Personal life
<mask> had a relationship with Lucky Luciano, who beat her and got her addicted to amphetamines. Death
On the morning of Monday, December 16, 1935, <mask> was found dead, wearing a mauve and silver gown, mink wrap and expensive jewelry, in her chocolate-colored 1934 Lincoln Phaeton convertible inside the garage of Jewel Carmen, a former actress and former wife of <mask>'s lover and business partner Roland West. Carmen's house was approximately a block from the topmost side of <mask>'s restaurant. Her death was determined to have been caused by carbon monoxide poisoning.West is quoted in a contemporaneous newspaper account as having locked her out, which may have caused her to seek refuge and warmth in the car. <mask> had a wide circle of friends and associates and a busy social life. Police investigations revealed that she had spent the previous Saturday night (December 14) at the Trocadero, a popular Hollywood restaurant, at a party hosted by entertainer Stanley Lupino and his actress daughter Ida. She had a brief but unpleasant exchange there with her ex-husband, Pat DiCicco. However, her friends stated that she was in good spirits and were aware of nothing in her life that suggested a reason for her to commit suicide. She was driven home from the party in the early hours of December 15 by her chauffeur, Ernest O. Peters. LAPD detectives concluded that <mask>'s death was accidental, the result of her either warming up the car to drive it or using the heater to keep herself warm.A coroner's inquest into the death was held on December 18, 1935. Autopsy surgeon A. P. Wagner testified that there were "no marks of violence anywhere upon or within the body" with only a "superficial contusion on the lower lip." There are informal accounts of greater signs of injury. The jury ruled that the death appeared accidental, but recommended "further investigation to be made into the case, by proper authorities." A grand jury probe was subsequently held to determine whether <mask> was murdered. After four weeks of testimony, the inquiry concluded with no evidence of foul play. The case was closed by the Homicide Bureau, which declared the death "accidental with possible suicide tendencies."However, investigators found no motive for suicide, and <mask> left no suicide note. <mask>'s memorial service was held at Pierce Brothers Mortuary at 720 West Washington Blvd in Los Angeles. The body was cremated. After her mother's death in 1969, <mask>'s remains were placed in her mother's casket and buried in Bellevue Cemetery in her hometown of Lawrence, Massachusetts. Legacy
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6262 Hollywood Blvd. Filmography

See also
 Jewel Carmen § Death of <mask> <mask>
 List of unsolved deaths
 Pitts and <mask>
 Patsy Kelly
 White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of <mask> <mask>, 1991 TV movie

Further reading

References

External links

1906 births
1935 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Massachusetts
Accidental deaths in California
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
Burials in Massachusetts
Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning
Hal Roach Studios actors
People from Lawrence, Massachusetts
Unsolved deaths
University of Massachusetts Lowell alumni
American people of Canadian descent
American people of Irish descent
1935 suicides

masks:
Thelma Alice Todd
Todd
John Shaw Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Thelma
Todd
Todd
Thelma
Todd


title: Valérie Fourneyron

texts:
<mask> ( ; born 4 October 1959) is a former French politician of the Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as Chair of the Board of the International Testing Agency (ITA) since 2017. She previously served as Junior Minister for Crafts, Trade, Tourism and Social Economy in the government of Prime Minister Manuel Valls from 2014 until 2017. She was also a member of the National Assembly and the Mayor of Rouen. Early life
Born to a middle-class tanner family of the area of Rouen, <mask> grew up in a family with conservative views, which she shared as a teenager. At 14, she supported Valéry Giscard d'Estaing during the 1974 presidential campaign. This support was later used against her on various occasions by local political opponents. In the 1980s, her political views shifted to the left.According to the French National Medical Council (Conseil National de l'Ordre des Médecins), Fourneyron is a medical practitioner. From 1984 to 1989, she was a sport doctor in the teaching hospital of Rouen (CHU de Rouen) and then she became a medical inspector (Médecin Inspecteur Régional Jeunesse et Sports – MIRJS). In 1989, Fourneyron joined the Ministry of Sports where she was in charge of both the organisation and monitoring of the national sports medicine program and of the co-ordination of the Team Physicians of national sports teams. As part of her duties, <mask> Fourneyron helped draft the 1989 Anti-Doping Act. From 1991 to 1995, she was head physician of the regional center of sport medicine in Sotteville-lès-Rouen and Team physician of the French volleyball team. She was also Team Physician of the Rouen Hockey Élite 76. Political career
Fourneyron became politically active in 1995 when Yvon Robert, the Socialist candidate for the Rouen City Council, asked her to join his team.From 1995 to 2001, <mask> <mask> was first deputy-mayor in charge of sports and then first deputy-mayor in charge of city policy, health and security. In 1998, she was a member of an interdepartmental group that prepared a report on sports medicine and doping and she collaborated with the working group in charge of writing the new legislation regarding doping. During the 1998 regional election, <mask> became vice-president of sports when she was elected to the Upper Normandy Regional Council as part of the left-wing coalition led by Alain Le Vern. She was re-elected in 2004 and remained vice-president. When she was elected to the National Assembly, she resigned from her seat in the Regional Council on 1 July 2007. She represented the French Socialist Party in the 2002 legislative election. She faced the outgoing MP Patrick Herr, representing the right party UMP, in Seine-Maritime's first constituency.She narrowly lost in the second round by 520 votes. After the campaign, she said that she was hurt by the harsh attacks against her: “I was accused of being a bad mother because I didn't stop my political career when I lost one of my sons in a scooter accident. But my children are the reasons why I decided to keep going.”

After the 2004 General Council election, Fourneyron was general councillor for the canton of Rouen-5. She resigned from her position as a municipal representative. <mask> was chosen for a second time by the French Socialist Party for the 2007 legislative election. She beat the UMP candidate Bruno Devaux in the second round and she was elected with 55.16% of votes. The former MP Patrick Herr had decided not to campaign for this election.At the National Assembly, she became vice-president of the SRC in charge of sports. In 2008, Fourneyron campaigned for the municipal election in Rouen. On 9 March, she led a left-wing coalition and won against outgoing mayor Pierre Albertini in the first round, with 55.79% of the votes. On this occasion, she became one of the few women to lead a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. Other women who are mayors of cities this large include Hélène Mandroux, Maryse Joissains, Martine Aubry, Adeline Hazan, Dominique Voynet, and Huguette Bello. She joined the association of mayors of major French cities (Association des Maires de Grandes Villes de France – AMGVF) where she was in charge of sports-related issues. In July 2011, <mask> joined Martine Aubry's campaign team, representing the French Socialist Party in the 2012 presidential election.Along with athlete Yohann Diniz, <mask> <mask> was responsible for sports-related issues. After the primary election, François Hollande included her in his campaign team, putting her in charge of sports-related issues for the 2012 presidential election. On 16 May 2012, Fourneyron was appointed Minister of Sports, Youth, Popular Education and Community Life. Pierre Léautey replaced her as alternate MP after her re-election on 17 June 2012. One of François Hollande's 60 campaign promises was to prohibit MPs from holding multiple elected positions simultaneously, so this forced Fourneyron to resign from the Rouen city council. Yvon Robert took over her position on 27 June 2012. During

After Jean-Marc Ayrault's resignation as a Prime Minister, <mask> was appointed as Junior Minister for Crafts, Trade, Tourism and Social Economy in Manuel Valls's Cabinet on 9 April 2014.World Anti-Doping Agency
In December 2017 the International Olympic Committee's World Anti-Doping Agency appointed Fourneyron as Chair of the Board of the International Testing Agency (ITA). In this capacity, she was in charge of screening Russians to judge if they can participate in the Pyeongchang Olympics. In 2016 she campaigned for a blanket ban of all Russians from international sports events. References

1959 births
Living people
People from Rouen
Politicians from Normandy
French sports physicians
Socialist Party (France) politicians
People from Le Petit-Quevilly
Women members of the National Assembly (France)
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
21st-century French women politicians
Women government ministers of France
Women mayors of places in France
World Anti-Doping Agency members

masks:
Valérie Fourneyron
Valérie Absire
Valérie
Valérie
Fourneyron
Fourneyron
Fourneyron
Fourneyron
Valérie
Fourneyron
Fourneyron


title: Hayley Mills

texts:
<mask> (born 18 April 1946) is an English actress. The daughter of Sir <mask> and <mask>, and younger sister of actress <mask>, she began her acting career as a child and was hailed as a promising newcomer, winning the BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her performance in the British crime drama film Tiger Bay (1959), the Academy Juvenile Award for Disney's Pollyanna (1960) and Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actress in 1961. During her early career, she appeared in six films for Walt Disney, including her dual role as twins Susan and Sharon in the Disney film The Parent Trap (1961). Her performance in Whistle Down the Wind (a 1961 adaptation of the novel written by her mother) saw <mask> nominated for BAFTA Award for Best British Actress. During the late 1960s, <mask> began performing in theatrical plays, and played in more mature roles. For her success with Disney, she received the Disney Legend Award. Although she has not maintained the box office success or the Hollywood A-list she experienced as a child actress, she has continued to make films and TV appearances, including a starring role in the UK television mini-series The Flame Trees of Thika in 1981, the title role in Disney's television series Good Morning, Miss Bliss in 1988, and as Caroline, a main character in Wild at Heart  (2007–2012) on ITV in the UK.She published her memoirs, Forever Young, in 2021. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 18 April 1946, in Marylebone, London. She was 12 when she was discovered by J. Lee Thompson, who was initially looking for a boy to play the lead role in Tiger Bay, which co-starred her father, veteran British actor Sir <mask>. The movie was popular at the box office in Britain. Disney
Bill Anderson, one of Walt Disney's producers, saw Tiger Bay and suggested that <mask> be given the lead role in Pollyanna (1960). The role of the orphaned "glad girl" who moves in with her aunt catapulted her to stardom in the United States and earned her a special Academy Award (the last person to receive the Juvenile Oscar). Because she could not be present to receive the trophy, Annette Funicello accepted it on her behalf.Disney subsequently cast <mask> as twins Sharon and Susan who reunite their divorced parents in The Parent Trap (1961). In the film, she sings "Let's Get Together" as a duet with herself. The film was a hit around the world, reaching number 8 on a US Top Ten list. <mask> received an offer to make a film in Britain for Bryan Forbes, Whistle Down the Wind (1961), based on a novel by her mother <mask> Bell, about some children who believe an escaped convict is Jesus. It was a hit at the British box office and she was voted the biggest star in Britain for 1961. <mask> was offered the title role in Lolita by Stanley Kubrick, but her father turned it down. "I wish I had done it", she said in 1962."It was a smashing film." <mask> returned to Disney for an adventure film, In Search of the Castaways (1962), based on a novel by Jules Verne. It was another popular success and she was voted the fifth biggest star in the country for the next two years. In 1963 Disney announced plans to film an adaptation of  Dodie Smith's novel I Capture the Castle, with <mask> in the role of Cassandra. Disney ended up dropping the project, while still retaining film rights to the book, when the novelist and the selected screenwriter Sally Benson did not get along; <mask> grew too old for the part before the project could be revived. Her fourth movie for Disney did less well than her previous Disney films, but was still successful: Summer Magic (1963), a musical adaptation of the novel Mother Carey's Chickens. Ross Hunter hired her for a British-American production The Chalk Garden (1964), playing a girl who torments governess Deborah Kerr.Back at Disney she was in a film about jewel thieves, The Moon-Spinners (1964), getting her first on screen kiss from Peter McEnery. <mask> had a change of pace with Sky West and Crooked (1965), set in the world of gypsies, written by her mother and directed by her father, but it was not commercially successful. In contrast, her last film with Disney, the comedy That Darn Cat! (also 1965), did very well at the box office. During her six-year run at Disney, <mask> was arguably the most popular child actress of the era. Critics noted that America's favourite child star was, in fact, quite British and very ladylike. The success of "Let's Get Together" (which hit No.8 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, No. 17 in Britain and No. 1 in Mexico,) also led to the release of a record album on Disney's Buena Vista label, Let's Get Together with <mask> <mask>, which also included her only other hit song, "Johnny Jingo" (Billboard No. 21, 1962). In 1962, British exhibitors voted her the most popular film actress in the country. In Forever Young: A Memoir, among other topics, she reveals high points from her early career, as well as struggles with self-esteem and an eating disorder. Describing how she turned down roles that "undermined the Disney image" such as Doctor Doolittle and Stanley Kubrick's Lolita, she wrote that "I think by being under contract to Walt Disney, as much as I really appreciated the opportunity it gave me, [and] the career it gave me, quite frankly, it hampered me from getting more different kinds of roles and eventually it also influenced how I felt about myself.I wasn’t sure what I was capable of." Ultimately, at age 20, she had turned down a new Disney contract, as she felt her character castings led to her "repeating herself" with the studio. She also detailed, how at age 21, she lost most of her Disney fortune to a 90% tax rate implemented by the Inland Revenue in England. Her appeal to regain her funds was eventually shot down, with <mask> admitting that at that time, she was worried about going the path of Judy Garland and becoming a "studio asset." Post-Disney film career
For Universal, <mask> made another movie with her father, The Truth About Spring (1965), co-starring Disney regular James MacArthur as her love interest. It was mildly popular. However The Trouble with Angels (1966), was a huge hit; she played as a prankish Catholic boarding school girl with "scathingly brilliant" schemes, opposite screen veteran Rosalind Russell, and directed by another Hollywood veteran, Ida Lupino.She then provided the voice of the Little Mermaid for The Daydreamer (1966). Roy Boulting
Shortly after The Truth About Spring, <mask> appeared alongside her father and Hywel Bennett in director Roy Boulting's critically acclaimed film The Family Way (1966), a comedy about a couple having difficulty consummating their marriage, featuring a score by Paul McCartney and arrangements by Beatles producer George Martin. She began a romantic relationship with Boulting and they eventually married, in 1971. She then starred as the protagonist of Pretty Polly (1967), opposite famous Indian film actor Shashi Kapoor, in Singapore. <mask> made another movie for Boulting, the controversial horror thriller Twisted Nerve in 1968, along with her Family Way co-star Hywel Bennett. She made a comedy, Take a Girl Like You (1970), with Oliver Reed and made her West End debut in The Wild Duck in 1970. She worked for Boulting again on Mr. Forbush and the Penguins (1971), replacing the original female lead.In 1972 <mask> again acted opposite Hywel Bennett in Endless Night along with Britt Ekland, Per Oscarsson and George Sanders. It is based on the novel Endless Night by Agatha Christie. She made two films for Sidney Hayers, What Changed Charley Farthing? (1974) and Deadly Strangers (1975). After The Kingfisher Caper in 1975, co-written by Boulting, she dropped out of the film industry for a few years. Television resurgence and reception
In 1981, <mask> returned to acting with a starring role in the UK television mini-series The Flame Trees of Thika, based on Elspeth Huxley's memoir of her childhood in East Africa. The series was well received, prompting her to accept more acting roles.She then returned to America and made two appearances on The Love Boat in 1985, and an episode of Murder, She Wrote in 1986. Always welcomed at Disney, <mask> narrated an episode of The Wonderful World of Disney, sparking renewed interest in her Disney work. In 1985, she was originally considered to voice Princess Eilonwy in Disney's 25th animated feature film The Black Cauldron, but was later replaced by the veteran British voice actress Susan Sheridan. Later, she reprised her roles as twins Sharon and Susan for a trio of Parent Trap television films: The Parent Trap II, Parent Trap III, and Parent Trap: Hawaiian Honeymoon. She also starred as the title character in the Disney Channel-produced television series Good Morning, Miss Bliss in 1987. The show was cancelled after 13 episodes and the rights were acquired by NBC, which reformatted Good Morning, Miss Bliss into Saved by the Bell without any further involvement from <mask>. In recognition of her work with The Walt Disney Company, she was awarded the Disney Legends award in 1998.<mask> recalled her childhood in the 2000 documentary film Sir John <mask>' Moving Memories, which was directed by Marcus Dillistone and produced by her brother Jonathan. In 2005 she appeared in the acclaimed short film, Stricken, written and directed by Jayce Bartok. In 2007 she began appearing as Caroline in the ITV1 African vet drama Wild at Heart; her sister <mask> was a guest star in series 4 of the drama. In 2010, <mask> appeared in Mandie and the Cherokee Treasure, based on one of the popular Mandie novels of Lois Gladys Leppard. Stage career
<mask> made her stage debut in a 1966 West End revival of Peter Pan. In 2000 she made her Off-Broadway debut in Sir Noël Coward's Suite in Two Keys, opposite American actress Judith Ivey, for which she won a Theatre World Award. In 1991 she appeared as Anna Leonowens in the Australian production of The King and I.In December 2007, for their annual birthday celebration of "The Master", The Noël Coward Society invited <mask> as the guest celebrity to lay flowers in front of Coward's statue at New York's Gershwin Theatre, thereby commemorating the anniversary of the 108th birthday of Coward. In 1997, <mask> starred in the U.S. national tour of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I. In 2001, <mask> starred as Desiree Armfeldt in a production of "A Little Night Music" in Seattle, Washington. It was a co-production with the city's A Contemporary Theatre and the Fifth Avenue Theatre. In 2012 she starred as Ursula Widdington in the stage production of Ladies in Lavender at the Royal & Derngate Theatre, before embarking on a national UK tour. In 2015, she toured Australia with sister <mask> and Juliet's husband  Maxwell Caulfield in the comedy Legends! by James Kirkwood.<mask> starred in the 2018 Off-Broadway run of Isobel Mahon's Party Face at City Center. Personal life

In 1966, while filming The Family Way, 20-year-old <mask> met 53-year-old director Roy Boulting. The two were married in 1971 and owned a flat in London's Chelsea and Cobstone Windmill in Ibstone, Buckinghamshire, which was later sold. Their son, Crispian <mask>, is the lead singer and guitarist for the raga rock band Kula Shaker. The couple divorced in 1977. <mask> had a second son, Jason Lawson, born in July 1976, during a relationship with actor Leigh Lawson. She and Lawson split up in the early 1980s.<mask>'s boyfriend since 1997 is actor and writer Firdous Bamji, who is 20 years her junior. In the 1980s, following her breakup with Lawson, <mask> developed an interest in a number of Eastern religions. She wrote the preface to the book, The Hare Krishna Book of Vegetarian Cooking, published in 1984. In a 1997 article in People magazine, she stated that "she is 'not a part of Hare Krishna', though she delved into Hinduism and her own Christianity for guidance." In 1988, <mask> co-edited, with Marcus Maclaine, the book My God, which consisted of brief letters from celebrities on their beliefs, or lack thereof, regarding God and the afterlife. In April 2008, <mask> was diagnosed with breast cancer. She had surgery and started, but quickly abandoned, chemotherapy after only three sessions because of the severity of the side-effects.She credits her survival to the alternative treatments she used. She told Good Housekeeping magazine in January 2012 that she had fully recovered. <mask> is a trustee of the children's arts charity Anno's Africa. Memoir
<mask> published a memoir about her life and career, Forever Young: A Memoir, in September 2021. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask>. Forever Young: A Memoir. Grand Central Publishing, 2021.  .
 Dye, David.Child and Youth Actors: Filmography of Their Entire Careers, 1914–1985. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Co., p. 158. External links

 <mask> <mask> at the TCM Movie Database

 Hayley Comes Back to Her Richmond Roots

1946 births
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Academy Juvenile Award winners
Actresses from London
BAFTA Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles winners
Booker authors' division
Disney people
English child actresses
English child singers
English Christians
English female dancers
English women singers
English film actresses
English musical theatre actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
New Star of the Year (Actress) Golden Globe winners
Living people
People from Marylebone
People educated at the Elmhurst School for Dance
Theatre World Award winners
British expatriate actresses in the United States
Daughters of knights

masks:
Hayley Catherine Rose Vivien Mills
John Mills
Mary Hayley Bell
Juliet Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
John Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mary Hayley
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Hayley
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Juliet Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Juliet Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Hayley
Hayley
Mills


title: Osorio Martínez

texts:
<mask> () (bef. 1108 – March 1160) was a magnate from the Province of León in the Empire of Alfonso VII. He served as the emperor militarily throughout his long career, which peaked in 1138–41. Besides the documentary sources, which are somewhat meagre at times after his fall from royal favour, he is mentioned in two episodes in the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris. He supported Ferdinand II of León after Alfonso's death (1157), but he died in a Castilian civil war in 1160. Early military career (1124–1138)
<mask> was the second son of Martín Flaínez of the Flagínez family and Sancha Fernández. In 1124 <mask> was granted the tenencia of Melgar de Abajo.In 1126 he joined the other noblemen of the Leonese province in swearing an oath of fealty to the new king Alfonso VII at the capital city of León. Five years later (1129) he received Malgrat. The next year (1130) he received the tenencias of Riba Cetera and Villamayor, later also that of Ribera, but these he lost sometime between 1135 and 1137. As early as 1131 he was governing Mayorga and by 1135 the Liébana as well. In 1130 he and his brother Rodrigo were dispatched to besiege the rebel Pedro Díaz in a place called Valle. The Chronica Adefonsi records the campaign:
The King of León ordered Count Rodrigo Martinez and his brother <mask> to go to León. They were to attack Pedro Díaz who was rebelling in Valle.Díaz had with him a large number of knights and soldiers. Rodrigo and <mask> arrived there and encircled the castle. Those inside continued to shout insults at Rodrigo and his brother because they were unable to counterattack them successfully. When this was reported to Alfonso VII, he hurried to the town of Valle. He commanded that mantlets and numerous other war machines be constructed around the castle. The King's forces commenced to hurl rocks and arrows at those inside. Subsequently, the castle walls were completely destroyed.Rise and fall (1138–1147)
In July 1138 Rodrigo died at the Siege of Coria and the king immediately appointed <mask> count (comes) in his place and granted his tenencias of León, Aguilar, Campos, and perhaps Zamora. <mask> and his brother's erstwhile vassals carried Rodrigo's body to the city of León for burial in the family mausoleum beside his parents. There they buried him in a church next to the Cathedral of Santa María, possibly the monastery of San Pedro de los Huertos, which his parents had received by a royal grant of Urraca of Zamora and Elvira of Toro in 1099. <mask> held numerous property interests in the city of León. <mask>'s succession to his brother and the burial of Rodrigo are recorded in the Chronica Adefonsi:
Alfonso gathered all of his advisors, and in their presence, he appointed <mask>, Rodrigo's brother, to be consul in his place. . . . Count <mask>, the new consul, took the body of his brother to León. He was accompanied by his own military force and by that of his brother. The mourning over the death of <mask> increased in every city.In León they buried him with honors in his father's tomb near the Basilica of Saint Mary. The tomb is located very near the episcopal throne. Sometime before 28 January 1141, <mask> married Teresa, daughter of Fernando Fernández de Carrión and Elvira, a daughter of Alfonso VI of León. She bore him five daughters and three sons: Aldonza, Constanza, Elvira, Fernando, Gonzalo, Jimena (second wife of Rodrigo Gutiérrez Girón), Rodrigo, and Sancha. (Calderón Medina and Ferreira suggest an additional child, Portuguese nobleman Monio Osores of Cabreira and Ribeira.) From January 1139 to the summer of 1141 <mask> was regularly at court. On 22 February 1140 he was at Carrión de los Condes to witness the treaty between Alfonso VII and Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona.But in the summer of 1141 he fell from favour and his tenencias were confiscated (Melgar, Malgrat, Mayorga, Liébana, León, Aguilar, Campos, Zamora). Among the few tenencias he was left with were Peñafiel (1146), Villafrechós (1147–59), Villalobos (1147–59), Becilla de Valderaduey (1151–57), Cotanes (1155), and Arales (1157). After June 1142 <mask> rarely visited the royal court. In May 1146 he visited the court of Alfonso I of Portugal, perhaps as an exile. Later life (1147–1160)
By 1147 <mask> was back in favour. He granted fueros to the villages of Benafarces and Villalonso with the approval of the king. The villages in turn were required to make an annual payment in kind of half a sheep, ten loaves of bread, some barley, and some must.Later that year he accompanied Alfonso VII on expeditions to Calatrava and Almería. On 22 October 1148 he granted the village of Mansilla Mayor to Juan Juliánez and his wife Sol in recognition of their faithful service to him. That same year <mask> and his wife made a donation to the monastery of Gradefes and received in return a greyhound. In 1159 <mask> and Teresa granted a third of the tithes of the churches of Villalonso, Benafarces, Carvajosa, Grallarejos and Pozoantiguo, which they claimed to own by hereditary right, to the Cathedral of Zamora. They also patronised the Benedictine monasteries at Aguilar (1141) and Sahagún (1123) and the monastery of Vega, which belonged to the Order of Fontevraud (1147). <mask> died at the hands of his son-in-law, Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, husband of his daughter Constanza, at the Battle of Lobregal in March 1160, fighting on the side of the House of Lara in the civil war for control of the regency of the young Alfonso VIII. <mask>'s widow continued to rule Villalobos, at least until 3 November 1167.She also made property grants to the Hospitallers in 1161 and 1163. Notes

Further reading
J. M. Canal Sánchez-Pagín. "El Conde Osorio Martinez y los Marqueses de Astorga". Astorica 7:11–31 (1988). P<mask> Sopena. La Tierra de Campos Occidental: poblamiento, poder y comunidad del siglo X al XIII. Valladolid, 1985.P<mask> Sopena. "El conde Rodrigo de León y los suyos: herencia y expectativa del poder entre los siglos X y XII." R. Pastor ed., Relaciones de poder, de produccion y parentesco en la Edad Media y Moderna. Madrid, 1990, pp. 5–84. J. de Salazar y Acha. "Los Osorio: Un linaje de más de mil años al servicio de la Corona".Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 4:143–82 (1996–97). 1100s births
1160 deaths
Counts of Spain
People of the Reconquista

masks:
Osorio Martínez
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Rodrigo Martínez
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
Osorio
. Martínez
. Martínez


title: Nanaia Mahuta

texts:
<mask> (born 21 August 1970) is a New Zealand politician who is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hauraki-Waikato and serving as the Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Sixth Labour Government since 2020. She is also the Minister of Local Government, and served as Minister for Māori Development from 2017 to 2020. Mahuta was previously a cabinet minister in the Fifth Labour Government, serving then as Minister of Customs, Minister of Local Government, Minister of Youth Development, Associate Minister for the Environment, and Associate Minister of Tourism. In 2018, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. Early life and family

Mahuta was born in Auckland in 1970 to Eliza Raiha Edmonds, and (later Sir) <mask>. She was educated at Kura Kaupapa Rakaumanga school in Huntly and later at Waikato Diocesan School for Girls as a boarder. She then studied social anthropology and Māori business development at the University of Auckland, graduating with an MA (Hons).She also worked at the university as a researcher/archivist. She has strong links to the Māori King Movement; her father was the adopted son of King Korokī and the elder brother of Māori Queen Te Atairangikaahu. She is related to the Māori monarch, Kingi Tuheitia. Mahuta is married to William Gannin Ormsby, her first cousin. The couple have three children together, although the first died shortly after birth, along with four children from Ormsby's previous relationship. In 2016, she acquired a Māori facial tattoo () and became the first female MP to wear one in the New Zealand parliament. Moko are the birthright of all Māori and indicate whakapapa, hapu and iwi connections.Other Māori women in parliament—Metiria Turei of the Green Party and Marama Fox of the Māori Party—spoke of their support. Political career

Mahuta joined the Labour Party at the request of retiring Western Maori MP Koro Wētere and after hearing Helen Clark speak in Auckland. She contested Te Tai Hauāuru (the replacement seat for Western Maori) in the 1996 elections but lost to New Zealand First's Tuku Morgan. However, with a list ranking of 8, Mahuta was elected as one of the first New Zealand list MPs. Mahuta was aged 26 years and 52 days when she was elected (twelve days younger than Deborah Morris) and was the youngest member of the New Zealand House of Representatives until the election of Darren Hughes in 2002. In the 1999 election, she again contested Te Tai Hauauru and won, before transferring to Tainui for the 2002 election. That seat was renamed Hauraki-Waikato ahead of the 2008 general election.She has held the seat since. Foreshore and seabed controversy
In 2004, she joined Tariana Turia, another Labour MP, in voting against the first reading of her party's legislation on the controversial foreshore and seabed issue. She did not, however, join Turia when she quit Labour to found the Māori Party. In the bill's second reading, she again voted against her party, but in the third reading, she changed her position and supported it, saying that it was the politically pragmatic thing to do. In her third reading speech, Mahuta stated that she would withdraw from the Labour Party list at the next election to seek a renewed mandate from her electorate. Cabinet Minister: 2005–2008
In the 2005 general election Mahuta held her electorate seat of . Subsequently, Mahuta as part of the Labour-Progressive coalition government, was Minister of Customs, Youth Development, Local Government and Associate Environment.Mahuta lost her portfolios when Labour was defeated in the 2008 general election. In opposition: 2008–2017

Following the defeat of the Labour government in the 2008 election, and Labour's successive losses in 2011 and 2014, Mahuta held various appointments as Labour Party spokesperson for Māori Affairs, Education, Energy and Conservation. She was also deputy chairperson of the Māori Affairs select committee in the 51st Parliament. In 2009 Mahuta's Resource Management (Enhancement of Iwi Management Plans) Amendment Bill, which proposed giving more weight to Māori in resource-management decisions, was drawn from the members' ballot. The bill was defeated at its first reading in August. Mahuta twice contested Labour Party leadership positions. She supported David Cunliffe's leadership bid in 2011 and sought election as his deputy; both Cunliffe and Mahuta were unsuccessful.Cunliffe became leader in 2013 but David Parker was the deputy leader. Mahuta later stood for the Labour Party leadership in 2014 where she placed fourth. She considered retiring from politics at the 2017 general election after Maori King Tūheitia Paki changed his allegiance to the Māori Party. However, Mahuta eventually decided to stay on. She was not placed on the Labour Party list at that election in line with Labour's decision for its incumbent Māori electorate MPs to contest the electorate vote only. Cabinet Minister: since 2017

Mahuta served as a cabinet minister in the Sixth Labour Government with the portfolios for Local Government and Maori Development. She also served as associate ministers for the trade and export growth, the environment and housing portfolios.In September 2019, Mahuta delivered a tearful and emotional speech as Parliament officially apologised for a police raid in 1916 on Māori leader Rua Kenana's Iharaira faith's compound in Maungapohatu in the North Island's Bay of Plenty region. During the 2020 general election, Mahuta retained her electorate seat of Hauraki-Waikato, defeating the Māori Party's Donna Pokere-Phillips by a final margin of 9,660 votes. Minister of Foreign Affairs

Mahuta was announced as the next Minister of Foreign Affairs on 2 November 2020. She received international recognition as the first woman (and first Māori woman) to hold the Foreign Affairs portfolio. In addition, she retained her portfolio of Minister for Local Government while becoming Associate Minister of Māori Development. On 3 November, former Prime Minister Helen Clark and the Māori Council criticised the international media's description of Mahuta as a "tattooed Māori woman" for focusing on her physical appearance and ethnicity. On 4 November, right-wing blogger and author Olivia Pierson drew criticism and media coverage for posting a tweet stating that "Facial tattoos, especially on a female diplomat, is the height of ugly, uncivilised wokedom."In response, Race Relations Commissioner Meng Foon criticised Pierson's actions and said that "Mahuta's kauae moko was special to Māori and should be celebrated." Mahuta declined to comment on the issue. Following criticism of Pierson's post on social media, online retailer Mighty Ape delisted Pierson's book Western Values Defended: A Primer. Pierson described the delisting of her book as "cancel culture" and claimed she had received death threats. On 18 November, Mahuta joined her Australian, Canadian, British and American counterparts in condemning the disqualification of pro-democracy Hong Kong legislators as a breach of Hong Kong's autonomy and rights under the Sino-British Joint Declaration. In response, the Chinese Foreign Ministry's spokesperson Zhao Lijian warned the Five Eyes countries, stating that "No matter if they have five eyes or 10 eyes, if they dare to harm China's sovereignty, security and development interests, they should beware of their eyes being poked and blinded." In response, Mahuta defended New Zealand's commitment to free speech, free media, and democracy.In mid-December, Mahuta stated during an interview with Reuters that New Zealand would be interested in helping to negotiate a truce between Australia and China, whose bilateral relationship had deteriorated due to Australia legislation on foreign investment and interference, Australian support for an international investigation into the origins of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese blocks on Australian imports and a controversial Chinese post about alleged Australian war crimes in Afghanistan. In response, Global Times columnist Qian Feng claimed that New Zealand was not suited for the role of mediator since it was part of the same Western camp as Australia. On 9 February 2021, Mahuta announced that New Zealand had suspended high-level bilateral relations with Myanmar in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état. The New Zealand Government joined other Western governments in refusing to recognise the new military-led government and called for the restoration of civilian-led rule. In addition, aid projects were diverted away from the Myanmar military and a travel ban was imposed on Myanmar's military leaders. On 19 April, Mahuta stated that New Zealand would not let the United States-led Five Eyes dictate New Zealand's bilateral relationship with China and that New Zealand was uncomfortable with expanding the remit of the intelligence grouping. Mahuta's statements came amid rising disagreements between the New Zealand and Australian Governments on how to manage relations with Beijing.In March 2021, the Australian and New Zealand governments issued a joint statement condemning the treatment of Uyghur minorities in Xinjiang; however, the Australian Government has since expressed concern about what it perceives as New Zealand Government efforts to undermine Five Eyes attempts to push back on what the Australian Government regards as "increasingly aggressive behaviour from Beijing." In response to Mahuta's remarks, Prime Minister Ardern stated that New Zealand was still committed to the Five Eyes alliance but would not use the group as its first point for messaging on non-security matters. While British media criticised New Zealand for allegedly leaving the Five Eyes club, the Chinese Global Times praised New Zealand for putting its own national interests over the Five Eyes. During a visit by Australian Foreign Minister Marise Payne on 22 April 2021, Mahuta discussed the issue of New Zealand deportees from Australia, the ISIL bride Suhayra Aden and the two government's differing approaches towards China. On 11 May 2021, Mahuta called on Israel to stop evictions of Palestinian families from their homes in Israeli-occupied East Jerusalem and for "both sides to halt steps which undermine prospects for a two state solution". Following the 2021 Hong Kong legislative election held on 19 December 2021, Foreign Minister Mahuta joined other Five Eyes foreign ministers issuing a joint statement criticising the exclusion of opposition candidates and urging China to respect human rights and freedoms in Hong Kong in accordance with the Sino-British Joint Declaration. In response, the Chinese Embassy in Wellington issued a statement claiming the election was "politically inclusive and fair" and urged the Five Eyes alliance to respect Chinese sovereignty over Hong Kong.In late January 2022, Mahuta reaffirmed the New Zealand Government's support for Ukraine in response to the Russian military build-up on the Russo-Ukrainian border and urged Russian to reduce tensions in accordance with international law. Minister of Local Government
On 4 December 2020, Mahuta, in her role as Minister of Local Government, informed the Tauranga City Council of her intention to appoint commissioners following bitter infighting within the city council that had led to the resignation of the Mayor of Tauranga Tenby Powell on 19 November. Local Government New Zealand supported the move to appoint commissioners in order to get the city's governance "back on track." On 18 December, Mahuta confirmed that the Government would be appointing commissioners to administrate Tauranga since the City Council did not provide "sufficient evidence" about how it was addressing the city's governance issues. These commissioners' term will begin in early 2021 and last until the next triennial local body elections scheduled for October 2022. On 1 February 2021, Mahuta announced that the Government would pass legislation upholding local councils' decisions to establish Māori wards and constituencies. This new law would also abolish an existing law allowing local referendums to veto decisions by councils to establish Māori wards.This law is intended to come into effect before the scheduled 2022 local body elections. On 25 February, Mahuta's Local Electoral (Māori Wards and Māori Constituencies) Amendment Act 2021 passed its third reading in Parliament. This Bill eliminates mechanisms for holding public referendums on the establishment of Māori wards and constituencies on local bodies. Mahuta's Bill was supported by the Labour, Green and Māori parties but opposed by the opposition National and ACT parties. National unsuccessfully attempted to delay the bill by mounting a twelve hour filibuster challenging all of the Bill's ten clauses. As Minister of Local Government, Mahuta has played an important role in promoting and implementing the Government's contentious Three Waters reform programme, which proposes taking control of water utility services away from local councils and centralising them in four new entities. Mahuta has argued that the Three Water reforms will give Māori a greater say in the administration of water resources, stating the status of water as Taonga in Māori culture.In early October 2021, five Christchurch City councillors demanded that she resign her local government portfolio over the Three Waters reforms. Mahuta rejected their demand, accusing the councillors of "political campaigning." On 27 October, Mahuta formally launched the Three Waters reforms, which attracted criticism from several local leaders including Mayor of Auckland Phil Goff, Mayor of Christchurch Lianne Dalziel, Mayor of Wellington Andy Foster, and the opposition National and ACT parties. In response to criticism, Mahuta acknowledged that the Three Waters reforms policy was not popular but accused opponents of spreading misinformation. References

External links

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1970 births
21st-century New Zealand politicians
21st-century New Zealand women politicians
BBC 100 Women
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Candidates in the 2020 New Zealand general election
Female foreign ministers
Living people
Māori MPs
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand foreign ministers
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
New Zealand list MPs
New Zealand Māori people
New Zealand MPs for Māori electorates
Women government ministers of New Zealand
Women members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Ngāti Mahuta
University of Auckland alumni

masks:
Nanaia Cybele Mahuta
Robert Te Kotahitanga Mahuta