title: Louis X of France

texts:
<mask> (4 October 1289 –  5 June 1316), called the Quarrelsome, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (), was King of France from 1314 and King of Navarre as <mask> () from 1305 until his death. He abolished slavery, emancipated serfs who could buy their freedom, and readmitted Jews into the kingdom. His short reign in France was marked by tensions with the nobility, due to fiscal and centralisation reforms initiated by Grand Chamberlain Enguerrand de Marigny under the reign of his father. <mask>' uncle—Charles of Valois, leader of the feudalist party—managed to convince the king to execute Enguerrand de Marigny. Biography

<mask> was born in Paris, the eldest son of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. He inherited the kingdom of Navarre on the death of his mother, on 4 April 1305, later being crowned 1 October 1307. On 21 September 1305, at age 15, he married Margaret of Burgundy and they had a daughter, Joan.<mask> was known as "the Quarreler" as the result of the tensions prevailing throughout his reigns. Both <mask> and Margaret became involved in the Tour de Nesle affair towards the end of Philip's reign. In 1314, Margaret, Blanche and Joan—the latter two being the wives of <mask>' brothers Charles and Philip, respectively—were arrested on charges of infidelity. Margaret and Blanche were both tried before the French parliament later that year and found guilty. Their alleged lovers were executed, and the women had their hair shorn and were sentenced to life imprisonment. Philip stood by his wife Joan, who was ultimately found innocent and released. Margaret would be imprisoned at Chateau Gaillard, where she died.On the death of his father in 1314, <mask> became King of France. Margaret of Burgundy, the imprisoned Queen of France died on 14 August 1315 and <mask> remarried five days later, on 19 August to Clementia of Hungary, the daughter of Charles Martel of Anjou and the niece of <mask>' own uncle and close advisor, Charles of Valois. <mask> and Clementia were crowned at Reims in August 1315. Marriage and issue
In 1305, <mask> married Margaret of Burgundy, with whom he had a daughter, Joan II of Navarre. Margaret was later convicted of adultery, was imprisoned in Château Gaillard, and eventually strangled to death. In 1315, <mask> married Clementia of Hungary, who gave birth to John I of France five months after the king's death. The infant John's death a few days later led to a disputed succession.With an unknown woman, <mask> had a daughter, Eudeline, who joined the Order of St. Claire and became the abbess of the Franciscan nuns of Paris, 1334-1339. Domestic policy

<mask> was king of Navarre for eleven years and king of France for less than two years. He abolished slavery, but his reign was dominated by continual feuding with the noble factions within the kingdom, and major reforms designed to increase royal revenues, such as the freeing of the French serfs and the readmittance of the Jews. Regional leagues

By the end of Philip IV's reign opposition to the fiscal reforms was growing. With Philip's death and the accession of <mask>, this opposition rapidly developed in more open revolt, some authors citing <mask>' relative youth as one of the reasons behind the timing of the rebellions. Leagues of regional nobles began to form around the country, demanding changes. Charles of Valois took advantage of this movement to turn against his old enemy, Philip IV's former minister and chamberlain Enguerrand de Marigny, and convinced <mask> to bring corruption charges against him.When these failed, Charles then convinced <mask> to bring sorcery charges against him instead, which proved more effective and led to de Marigny's execution at Vincennes in April 1315. Other former ministers were similarly prosecuted. This, combined with the halting of Philip's reforms, the issuing of numerous charters of rights and a reversion to more traditional rule, largely assuaged the regional leagues. Abolition of slavery and serfdom

In 1315, <mask> issued an edict effectively abolishing slavery within the Kingdom of France, having proclaimed that "France signifies freedom", that "as soon as a slave breathes the air of France, he breathes freedom" and therefore that any slave setting foot on French soil should be freed. This prompted subsequent governments to circumscribe slavery in the overseas colonies. As a way of raising revenues and having alighted on a reform of French serfdom as a way of achieving this, arguing that all men are born free, he also declared in 1315 that French serfs would be freed, although each serf would have to purchase his freedom. A body of commissioners was established to undertake the reform, establishing the peculium, or value, of each serf.For serfs owned directly by the King, all of the peculium would be received by the Crown; for serfs owned by subjects of the King, the amount would be divided between the Crown and the owner. In the event, not all serfs were prepared to pay in this fashion and in due course <mask> declared that the goods of these serfs would be seized anyway, with the proceeds going to pay for the war in Flanders. Readmittance of Jews
<mask> was also responsible for a key shift in policy towards the Jews. In 1306, his father, Philip IV, had expelled the Jewish minority from across France, a "shattering" event for most of these communities. <mask> began to reconsider this policy, motivated by the additional revenues that might be forthcoming to the Crown if the Jews were allowed to return. Accordingly, <mask> issued a charter in 1315, readmitting the Jews subject to various conditions. The Jews would only be admitted back into France for twelve years, after which the agreement might be terminated; Jews were to wear an armband at all times; Jews could only live in those areas where there had been Jewish communities previously; Jews were initially to be forbidden from usury.This was the first time that French Jews had been covered by such a charter, and <mask> was careful to justify his decision with reference to the policies of his ancestor Saint <mask>, the position of Pope Clement V and an argument that the people of France had demanded a return of the Jews. The result was a much weakened Jewish community that depended directly upon the King for their right of abode and protection. Challenge of Flanders

<mask> continued the effort of his predecessor to achieve a military solution to the vexing problem of Flanders. The Count of Flanders ruled an "immensely wealthy state" which enjoyed a largely autonomous existence on the margins of the French realm; French kings claimed to exercise suzerainty over Flanders, but heretofore with little success. Philip IV had attempted to assert royal overlordship, but his army, led by Robert II of Artois, had been defeated at Courtrai in 1302; despite a later French victory at the Battle of Mons-en-Pévèle the relationship remained testy and unsettled. <mask> mobilised an army along the Flemish border, but the French position rapidly become strained by the demands of maintaining a wartime footing. <mask> had prohibited exports of grain and other material to Flanders in 1315.This proved challenging to enforce, and the king had to pressure officers of the Church in the borderlands, as well as Edward II of England, to support his effort to prevent Spanish merchant vessels from trading with the embargoed Flemish. An unintended result of the embargo was the rise of smuggling activities that reduced the advantage (and consequently the amount) of trading in compliance with royal restrictions in the border region. <mask> was also forced to requisition food directly for his forces, resulting in a series of complaints from local lords and the Church. Death and legacy

<mask> was a keen player of jeu de paume, or real tennis, and became notable as the first person to construct indoor tennis courts in the modern style. <mask> was unhappy with playing tennis outdoors and accordingly had indoor, enclosed courts made in Paris "around the end of the 13th century". In due course this design spread across royal palaces all over Europe. In June 1316 at Vincennes, following a particularly exhausting game, <mask> drank a large quantity of cooled wine and subsequently died of either pneumonia or pleurisy, although there were also suspicions of poisoning.Because of the contemporary accounts of his death, <mask> is history's first tennis player known by name. He and his second wife Clementia are interred in Saint Denis Basilica. <mask>' second wife Clementia was pregnant at the time of his death, leaving the succession in doubt. A son would have primacy over <mask>' daughter, Joan. A daughter, however, would have a weaker claim to the throne, and would need to compete with Joan's own claims – although suspicions hung over Joan's parentage following the scandal in 1314. As a result, <mask>' brother Philip was appointed regent for the five months remaining until the birth of his brother's child, John I, who lived only five days. Philip then succeeded in pressing his claims to the crowns of France and Navarre.All de jure monarchs of Navarre from 1328 onwards were descended from <mask> through his daughter, Joan, including Jeanne d'Albret, the mother of Henry IV of France, and therefore the entire royal House of Bourbon. In fiction
<mask> is a major character in Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings), a series of French historical novels by Maurice Druon. He was portrayed by  in the 1972 French miniseries adaptation of the series, and by Guillaume Depardieu in the 2005 adaptation. Ancestry

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Baynes, Thomas Spencer (ed). (1890) The Encyclopædia Britannica. Henry G. Allen Company. Bradbury, Jim.(2007) The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328 Hambledon Continuum. Bishop, Morris. (2001) The Middle Ages. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Chazan, Robert. (1979) Church, State, and Jew in the Middle Ages. Behrman House.Emmerson, Richard Kenneth and Sandra Clayton-Emmerson. (2006) Key Figures in Medieval Europe: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge. Gillmeister, Heiner. (1998) Tennis: A Cultural History. London: Leicester University Press. .
 Holmes, George. (2000) Europe, Hierarchy and Revolt, 1320–1450, 2nd edition.Oxford: Blackwell. Jeudwine, John Wynne. (1983) Tort, Crime, and Police in Mediaeval Britain: a review of some early law and custom. London: Wm. S. Hein Publishing. Jordan, William Chester. (1996) The Great Famine: Northern Europe in the early Fourteenth Century.Princeton: Princeton University Press. Konta, Annie Lemp. (1914) The History of French literature from the Oath of Strasburg to Chanticler. London: D. Appleton and Company. Kulsrud, Carl Jacob. (2005) Maritime Neutrality to 1780: a history of the main principles governing neutrality and belligerency to 1780. Clark: Law Book Exchange.Lea, Henry Charles. (1887) A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, Part Three. London: Harper. Newman, Paul B. (2001) Daily Life in the Middle Ages. Jefferson: McFarland. Rose, Hugh James.(1857) A New General Biographical Dictionary, Volume 11. London: Fellows. Sellery, George C. (2007) The Founding of Western Civilization. Read Book. Stephen, James. (2008) Lectures on the History of France. Read Book.Wagner, John. A. (2006) Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Westport: Greenwood Press. Further reading
 Marie-Anne Polo de Beaulieu. (2002) La France au moyen âge : De l'An mil à la Peste noire, 1348. Roselyne Callaux.(2002) Robert III d'Artois. External links

 French history timeline
 Biography
 Medieval History of Navarre

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1289 births
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14th-century kings of France
14th-century Navarrese monarchs
Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
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<mask> X
Counts of Champagne
French real tennis players
Navarrese monarchs
Sport deaths in France
14th-century French people
14th-century peers of France
French abolitionists

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title: Joos van Craesbeeck

type: original

texts:
<mask> (c. 1605/06 – c. 1660) was a Flemish baker and a painter who played an important role in the development of Flemish genre painting in the mid-17th century through his tavern scenes and dissolute portraits. His genre scenes depict low-life figures as well as scenes of middle-class people. He created a few religiously themed compositions. Life
<mask> was born in Neerlinter (now a village in Flemish Brabant, Belgium). His father was also called <mask> and is believed to have been a baker. His mother's name was <mask>ch. In 1630 or 1631 <mask> married Johanna Tielens.His wife's father was a baker but her family also counted artists among its members: the landscape painter Jan Tielens was her uncle while two of her uncles on her mother's side were the sculptors Melchior and Caspar Grison. The Tielens family was also responsible for the operation of the bakery in Antwerp Citadel. When the painter Adriaen Brouwer was imprisoned in the citadel, <mask>ck likely got to know him. Based on information provided by contemporary Flemish biographer Cornelis de Bie in his book Het Gulden Cabinet <mask> is believed to have become Brouwer's pupil and best friend. Their relationship was described by de Bie as 'Soo d’oude songhen, soo pypen de jonghen' (As the old ones sang, so the young ones chirp'). The stylistic similarities of <mask>'s early work with that of Brouwer seems to corroborate such pupilage. <mask> became a master in Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke in 1633–1634 as a baker and painter.In 1637 he was widowed and obtained an inheritance. That year he is recorded as the owner of a new house with a bakery in Antwerp. From this time onwards he was able to dedicate himself full-time to painting. The movements of <mask>k between 1637 and 1651, the year he became master in the Brussels Guild of Saint Luke are not clear. It is likely that his move to Brussels was linked to that of David Teniers the Younger who settled in Brussels on 7 September 1650. In 1653, Adriaen Rombouts was his pupil. The death date of <mask>ck is not known with certainty but it must be situated between 1660 and 1661 since in 1660 a Lucas Viters was registered as his pupil at the Guild and a year later Cornelis de Bie reported him as deceased.Work

Evolution

<mask> <mask>ck painted mainly genre scenes and a few religiously themed compositions. His genre scenes depict low-life figures as well as scenes of middle-class people. The chronology of his work is difficult to establish since only one painting, the now missing Self-portrait in front of a Mirror, is signed. In addition to the one painting signed with his full name, there are about 30 other paintings with the monogram cb or jvcb. Despite the difficulty of dating his paintings, it is believed that his earliest works are largely indebted to the subject matter and style of Brouwer. In these early works he relied on the types of Brouwers and he followed Brouwer's palette in its subtle harmonies with occasional gleaming highlights. Like Brouwer he applied colour very thinly leaving parts of the ground visible.After Brouwer's death in 1638 <mask>ck turned to other artists for inspiration and borrowed ideas from contemporary Dutch painters. Antwerp painters remained, however, his main source of inspiration. He was able to find his own individual interpretation of the everyday subjects, which formed the bulk of his output. His palette became dominated by browns and greys. In a still later phase when he was a resident of Brussels, he painted his mature work, which was largely independent of Brouwer. A set of works from this period is characterized by its vivid colours and the use of his own repertory of figures: bearded men with flat or fur-decked caps, women with white bonnets or conspicuous straw hats. Tronies
His master Brouwer played an important role in the development of the genre of the 'tronie'.The term tronie typically refers to figure studies not intended to depict an identifiable person, but rather to investigate varieties of expression. Tronies are thus a form of genre painting in a portrait format. Van Craesbeeck was also a talented practitioner of the genre. Many of his tronies are in fact self-portraits. He painted at least five presumed self-portraits in which he depicts himself in a 'dissolute' manner. The dissolute self-portrait was a form of self representation of artists that arose in Dutch and Flemish genre painting in the 17th century. It was an inversion of the Renaissance ideal of the 'pictor doctus', which regarded the artist as an intellectual and gentleman.This ideal was replaced by the new model of the prodigal artist characterized by his creative inspiration and talents. These self-portraits aimed to emphasize the artists' dissolute nature by creating associations with traditional moral themes such as the Five Senses and the Prodigal Son in the tavern. Van Craesbeeck painted himself four times in low-life guises. These self-portraits can also be regarded as tronies, since they depict the artist with exaggerated expressions, and often represent one of the five senses. In his self-portraits, <mask>ck typically represented the sense of 'taste', which he expressed by painting himself as a drinker or a smoker. An example is The Smoker in the Louvre Museum. Most frequently he depicted himself as a drinker as in the Self-Portrait as a Drinker.This painting shows him grinning, with bulging eyes, untamed hair and dressed in peasant's clothes. He is clutching a full glass of wine. The rough style of these self-portraits is typical for the peasant vernacular of the genre. His lively, boorish expressions show his deep understanding of the peasant character. Van Craesbeeck often developed on the theme of the five senses. His composition the Painter’s Studio is a tableau vivant showing figures symbolizing the Five Senses seated around a table while the artist is working at his easel. Each figure in the group represents one of the senses: a lute-player (Hearing), a man holding a wineglass (Taste), a man with a pipe (Smell), an intimate couple (Touch) and a woman reading (Sight).Tavern scenes
He painted many tavern interiors. Some of these works are a reflection of the new themes that had been introduced in genre painting by the Northern followers of Caravaggio such as that of the musician. An example is the Lute Player (Liechtenstein Museum), which shows two women entertaining a cavalier, who seems to have passed out with a full glass of wine in front of him. A flute hanging above the head of an old man leaning over the shoulder of the female lute player symbolises the man's thoughts. Van Craesbeeck modernized the pattern introduced by the Caravaggisti of showing figures seated around a table with those in front shown in silhouette by more full describing the interior space, showing the effect of the daylight and opting for a more vertical format. Paintings such as Death is Violent and Fast are typical of his small, theatrical images of peasant brawls crowded with violent expressive figures already depicted by Brouwers. A tiny skeleton placed inside a tankard in the lower right foreground plays the role of death in the composition.Guardroom scene
Van Craesbeeck also painted A guardroom interior with soldiers playing cards, which falls within the genre of the guardroom scene. A guardroom scene typically depicts an interior scene with officers and soldiers engaged in merrymaking. Guardroom scenes often included mercenaries and prostitutes dividing booty, harassing captives or indulging in other forms of reprehensible activities. "Piskijken"
He also painted a few paintings in the subgenre referred to as "piskijken" ("pee looking"), which typically shows a woman with a doctor or quack performing a pregnancy test by looking at a sample of her urine. An example is The doctor's visit (Brukenthal Museum), which shows in the background a young woman who seems to have collapsed and is being comforted. In the foreground stands a person (a doctor or a quack?) who is holding up a vial with the woman's urine.A shadow of a foetus is visible in the vial, a sign that the young woman is pregnant. Further reading
 Hans Vlieghe (1998). Flemish Art and Architecture, 1585-1700. Pelican History of Art. New Haven: Yale University Press. Karolien De Clippel (2006), <mask> Van Craesbeeck (1605/06-ca 1660): een Brabants genreschilder (Pictura Nova XI). Turnhout": Brepols Publishers.References

External links

Flemish Baroque painters
Flemish history painters
Flemish genre painters
Artists from Antwerp
Artists from Brussels
Painters from Antwerp
Painters from Brussels
1625 births
1678 deaths

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Joos van Craesbeeck
Joos van Craesbeeck
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Gertruid van Callenbor
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title: Édith Cresson

texts:
<mask> (; née Campion; born 27 January 1934) is a French politician. She is the first, and so far only, woman to have held the office of Prime Minister of France. Other than her breakthrough gender role, her term was uneventful. Her political career ended in scandal as a result of corruption charges dating from her tenure as European Commissioner for Research, Science and Technology. French Prime Minister
<mask> was appointed to the prime ministerial post by President François Mitterrand on 15 May 1991. She soon became strongly unpopular among the electorate and had to leave office after less than one year, following the Socialists' poor showing in 1992's regional elections. Her premiership is one of the shortest in the history of the Fifth Republic.Her strong criticism of Japanese trade practices, going so far as to compare the Japanese to "yellow ants trying to take over the world", led to charges of racism. She also said, discussing the sexual activities of Anglo-Saxon males, "Homosexuality seems strange to me. It's different and marginal. It exists more in the Anglo-Saxon tradition than the Latin one." In social policy, <mask>'s government enacted the Urban Framework Act of 1991, which sought to ensure a "right to the city" for all citizens. The
Act required "local bodies to provide living and dwelling conditions which will foster social cohesion and enable conditions of segregation to be avoided." The Cresson Government also placed considerable emphasis during its time in office on facilitating the international competitiveness of firms with under 500 employees.A law was passed in July 1991 which included several measures aimed at improving access of people with disabilities to housing, work places, and public buildings. In addition an Act of July 1991 on legal aid "gave the public (above all, foreigners who are lawfully domiciled in France) wider access to the courts." In January 1992, housing allowances were extended to all low-income households in cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants. Under a law of 10 July 1991, access to legal information “was also included as part of the legal aid system.” A water law was passed in January 1992 "to ensure the protection of water quality and quantity and aquatic ecosystems," and in February 1992 a law was passed to promote citizens' consultation. Cresson is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable development. European Commissioner
While a European Commissioner, Cresson was the main target in the fraud allegations that led to the resignation of the Santer Commission in 1999. Subsequent to a fraud inquiry the European Commission said that Cresson in her capacity as the Research Commissioner "failed to act in response to known, serious and continuing irregularities over several years".Cresson was found guilty of not reporting failures in a youth training programme from which vast sums went missing. Appointing a friend
When Cresson took up her functions, she intended to appoint dental surgeon Philippe Berthelot, one of her close acquaintances, as a "personal advisor". Because Berthelot was 66 years old, he could not be appointed as a member of a Commissioner's Cabinet. When Cresson took up office, her Cabinet was already fully staffed with personal advisors. Berthelot was instead engaged as a "visiting scientist" in September 1995. Berthelot worked only as a personal advisor to Cresson. His contract expired on 1 March 1997, and he was offered another visiting scientist's contract for a period of one year.EU rules specify a maximum duration of 24 months for visiting scientists, but Berthelot spent two and a half years in the position. On 31 December 1997, Berthelot requested the termination of his contract on medical grounds, and his application was accepted. A complaint was made by a member of parliament, and a criminal investigation concerning Berthelot was opened in Belgium in 1999. In June 2004, the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles (Court of First Instance, Brussels) decided that no further action should be taken in the case. European Commission vs. <mask> <mask> Cresson), the Court declared that <mask> <mask> acted in breach of her obligations as a European Commissioner. While the breach of the obligations arising from the office of Member of the Commission calls, in principle, for the imposition of a penalty, the Court held that, having regard to the circumstances of the case, the finding of breach constituted, of itself, an appropriate penalty and, accordingly, decided not to impose on Cresson a penalty in the form of a deprivation of her right to a pension or other benefits. <mask> claimed that where the conduct complained of in criminal and disciplinary proceedings was the same, the findings of the criminal court were binding on the disciplinary authorities.However, the Court held that it was not bound by the legal characterisation of facts made in the context of the criminal proceedings and that it was for the Court, exercising its discretion to the full, to investigate whether the conduct complained of in proceedings brought under Article 213(2) EC constituted a breach of the obligations arising from the office of Commissioner. Accordingly, the decision of the Chambre du conseil of the Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles that there was no evidence of criminal conduct on Cresson's part could not bind the Court. Political career

European Commissioner for Research, Innovation and Science, 1995–1999. Governmental functions

Prime minister, 1991–1992 (Resignation). Minister of Agriculture, 1981–1983. Minister of Foreign trade and Tourism, 1983–1984. Minister of Industrial Redeployment and Foreign Trade, 1984–1986.Minister of European Affairs, 1988–1990 (Resignation). Electoral mandates

European Parliament

Member of European Parliament, 1979–1981 (Elected in parliamentary elections, and became minister in 1981). Elected in 1979. National Assembly of France

Member of the National Assembly of France for Vienne (4th constituency), Elected in 1981, but she became minister in June / 1986–1988. Elected in 1981, reelected in 1986, 1988. General Council

General councillor of Vienne, 1982–1998 (Resignation). Reelected in 1988, 1994.Municipal Council

Mayor of Châtellerault, 1983–1997 (Resignation). Reelected in 1989, 1995. Deputy-mayor of Châtellerault, 1997–2008. Reelected in 2001. Municipal councillor of Châtellerault, 1983–2008. Reelected in 1989, 1995, 2001. Mayor of Thuré, 1977–1983.Municipal councillor of Thuré, 1977–1983. <mask>'s Cabinet, 15 May 1991 – 2 April 1992
<mask> <mask> – Prime Minister
Roland Dumas – Minister of Foreign Affairs
Pierre Joxe – Minister of Defense
Philippe Marchand – Minister of the Interior
Pierre Bérégovoy – Minister of Economy, Finance, Budget, and Privatization
Roger Fauroux – Minister of Industry
Martine Aubry – Minister of Labour, Employment, and Vocational Training
Henri Nallet – Minister of Justice
Lionel Jospin – Minister of National Education
Jack Lang – Minister of Culture and Communication
Louis Mermaz – Minister of Agriculture and Forests
Brice Lalonde – Minister of Environment
Frédérique Bredin – Minister of Youth and Sports
Louis Le Pensec – Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
Paul Quilès – Minister of Transport, Housing, Space, and Equipment
Jean Poperen – Minister of Relations with Parliament
Edwige Avice – Minister of Cooperation and Development
Jean-Pierre Soisson – Minister of Civil Service and Administrative Modernization
Michel Delebarre – Minister of City and Regional Planning
Hubert Curien – Minister of Research and Technology
Jean-Louis Bianco – Minister of Social Affairs and Integration

Personal life
<mask> is married and has two daughters. Selected publications
1976: Avec le soleil, Paris: Éditions Jean-Claude Lattès
1989: L'Europe à votre porte: manuel pratique sur les actions de la CEE intéressant les opérateurs économiques, Centre français du commerce extérieur (with Henri Malosse)
1998: Innover ou subir. Paris: éditions Flammarion
2006: Histoires françaises. Monaco: Éditions du Rocher  (autobiography)

References

Further reading
 Northcutt, Wayne, ed. "Cresson, Edith" in Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 (Greenwood, 1992) pp 114–16. Perry, Sheila."Gender Difference in French PoliticalCommunication: From Handicap to Asset?." Modern & Contemporary France 13.3 (2005): 337-352. Schemla, Élisabeth.

masks:
Édith Cresson
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Cresson
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title: John S. Hilliard

texts:
<mask> (b. Hot Springs, Arkansas, 10/29/1947 - d. Fishersville, Virginia, 11/15/2019) is an American composer. Born into a family of musical amateurs, <mask> began his musical training by studying piano at the age of 6 from his cousin, Barbara Dodson, a local piano teacher and composer. His father, <mask> (of Irish and Anglo-Saxon descent), possessed a fine tenor voice and was a popular gospel-style singer with their county Protestant Church of the Nazarene congregations. While his mother, Laurine H<mask> (of Scottish descent), was an amateur accordionist and pianist. <mask>’s grandfather, <mask>, had also been well known as a congregational song leader (shaped-note tradition) for the rural areas of central Arkansas in the 1930s and 1940s. By age 11 <mask> showed an interest in composing.At the age of 8, he had begun playing trumpet in the elementary band and was taught by the same elementary music teacher as President Bill Clinton, who was a childhood friend. They later both shared another influential music teacher, <mask>, during their years together in the Hot Springs High School Band. In 1964 <mask> played at all-state band under W. Francis McBeth, who would later become his first composition teacher for four years at Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas. <mask> would earn his Bachelor of Music degree there in 1969 in horn performance, education and theory-composition. He studied piano, horn, trumpet, cello and conducting during these years at Ouachita. <mask> later, in 1972, received his Masters of Music degree in composition and conducting at Virginia Commonwealth University. During his years at VCU, <mask> studied briefly with famed African-American composer William Grant <mask>.<mask>'s music has had performances in Austria, Canada, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, the Netherlands, South America, the United Kingdom and the United States including performances at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, Merkin Concert Hall and at numerous new music festivals. His orchestral works have been performed by the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra and the Richmond Symphony Orchestra. His piano concerto No. 1, "Okeanos", was premiered in 2000 by pianist Eric Ruple with the James Madison University Wind Symphony at the College Band Directors National Association Conference. <mask>'s second piano concerto was commissioned by the Staunton Music Festival (Virginia) and had its premiere there at the Blackfriars Playhouse in 2004, with the composer conducting. In 2006, the James Madison University Wind Symphony premiered his "Variations on a Theme from 'L'oiseau de feu'". <mask> has composed four symphonies; three piano concerti; a trumpet concerto; sonatas for piano, violin, and cello; works for wind ensemble; and various other chamber works, including two song cycles.In 1973 he studied composition with George B. Wilson, University of Michigan at Interlochen. <mask> received his Doctor of Musical Arts degree from Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. in 1983. From 1981 to 1985 he did four years post-doctoral composition study at Southern Methodist University with Donald Erb, and one year of study at the University of Texas, Austin with the American expatriate French composer, Eugene Kurtz, of Jobert publications, Paris, France. In 1973, during his years working at the Interlochen Arts Academy, Interlochen, Michigan, <mask> was encouraged by <mask>, then conductor of the Nashville Symphony, by his requesting him to compose a work for the Interlochen Arts Academy Orchestra. This was <mask>'s "The Grand Traverse: Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra", which was premiered at Interlochen's Corson Auditorium by the orchestra in 1975 with Byron Hanson conducting and <mask> on solo trumpet. In 1981 <mask> was awarded a summer residency position and commission from the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts. His first symphony was chosen in an American Orchestra League competition for premiere by <mask> for the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra in 1989.<mask> has won annual ASCAP Awards, a commission from the International Horn Society and the first-place award in the Virginia Music Teachers Association's commissioned composer contest for 1992. President Bill Clinton requested <mask> to compose a fanfare for his first inauguration in 1993. The Far East and Asian music have had a profound influence upon his life and composing. <mask> studied and played in Cornell University's Javanese gamelan under the leadership of Jennifer Lindsay. In 1995, <mask> was given an Artistic Fellow residency grant by the Japan Foundation in Tokyo, studying shakuhachi with Christopher Yohmei Blasdel and gagaku in Nara at the Kasuga Shrine. He resided in Tokyo, Koto-Ku district, Fukagawa area. In 1996 he studied Indian and Balinese music in California.Two years later, <mask> was granted a Senior Fulbright Award to teach and compose in Hong Kong for 1998-99. He has lived parts of 12 years in Japan. During his years there, in addition to studying Japanese traditional music, he practiced Zen Buddhism (zazen in Nara). He is both a Buddhist and a Christian. <mask> is also a follower of "Eastern religions". He is a member of the Episcopal Church (U.S.) since 1986. <mask> is married to Japanese abstract artist Mineko Yoshida.<mask> has served on the music faculty at the Interlochen Center for the Arts, National Music Camp (1967–1990), Cornell University, and Washington State University. He taught music composition for 14 summers at the Interlochen Arts Camp (formerly the National Music Camp), and for three years was on the faculty and administrative staff of the Interlochen Arts Academy, during which time he founded and conducted their first contemporary music group "The 20th-Century Chamber Players". At Cornell, <mask> was the conductor of the Cornell Chamber Orchestra and Assistant Conductor of the Cornell Symphony under Edward Murray. He retired from teaching in 2013 and is Emeritus Professor of Music and former Resident Composer at the School of Music of James Madison University. Among <mask>'s teachers include Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Karel Husa, Donald Erb, W. Francis McBeth, Robert Moffat Palmer, George B. Wilson, William Grant <mask> and Ned Rorem (Pulitzer Prize, 1976). In addition, he has attended masterclasses with Ezra Laderman, Alan Hovhaness, Włodzimierz Kotoński, George Crumb, Homer Keller, Milton Babbitt, <mask>, <mask>, Paul Creston and Olivier Messiaen. He earned a doctorate in Music Composition from Cornell University at Ithaca, New York in 1983.Numbered among his students is Joel McNeely, a noted film composer for Disney studios and George Lucas. Other students include <mask> Dam (founder of the band Everything), David Castle (songwriter), Terry Vosbein (composer/arranger/educator), Larry Clark (Vice Pres., Editor-in-Chief, Carl Fischer Music), Evan Duffy, and Butch Taylor (formerly of the Dave Matthews Band). The Augsburg Mozartfest commissioned <mask> to complete one of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's unfinished manuscripts, one for violoncello and cembalo that had been started in 1782, the year Mozart married. <mask> completed the manuscript fragment in the style of Mozart and added his own set of variations from the fragments. This set was premiered May 2004, in Augsburg, Germany, by cellist James Wilson and pianist Carsten <mask>. On January 31, 2007 a concert of <mask>'s music was presented at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, which included the Washington, D.C. premiere of his second piano concerto performed by guest pianist Carsten <mask> of Sarah Lawrence College. In 2010 the James Madison University orchestra, with Lori Piitz, performed a movement of his Third Piano Concerto in the new Forbes Performing Arts Center on the campus of James Madison University.Also they have premiered his Eleison for large women's chorus and harps, 2 pianos, four cello and four doublebasses. The text made use of English, Greek and Hebrew. In 2013 the university sponsored a special celebratory concert in his honor which was attended by 30 former composition students, and performed mostly by JMU current music majors. Since retiring, <mask> has completed a commission for the World Saxophone Congress for premiere in France in 2015. He adjudicated for the Washington International Composition competition and has taught as a substitute at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. References

James Madison University. Press release, January 23, 2007.Resident Composer Hilliard's Music at Kennedy Center Jan. 31

20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Cornell University alumni
Cornell University faculty
Musicians from Hot Springs, Arkansas
American Buddhists
American Christian pacifists
Interlochen Arts Academy faculty
1947 births
2019 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
20th-century American Episcopalians

masks:
John Stanley Hilliard
John Hilliard
Sherlon Hilliard
. Hilliard
Hilliard
John Milton Hilliard
Hilliard
Virgil Spurlin
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Still
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Thor Johnson
Hilliard
John Lindenau
Hilliard
Leonard Slatkin
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Hilliard
Still
Ben Johnston
Joseph Schwantner
Steve Van
Hilliard
Hilliard
Schmidt
Hilliard
Schmidt
Hilliard


title: Åge Hareide

texts:
<mask> (born 23 September 1953) is a Norwegian football manager for Rosenborg BK, and most recently managing the Denmark national football team. In his playing career, he played for Hødd and Molde in Norway as well as Manchester City and Norwich City in England. <mask> was capped 50 times playing for Norway. As a coach, <mask> has won league titles in all of the Scandinavian countries, In Sweden with Helsingborgs IF in 1999 and with Malmö FF in 2014, in Denmark with Brøndby in 2001–02 and in his native Norway with Rosenborg in 2003. <mask> was in charge of the Norway national team from 2003 to 2008. Playing career
During his playing career, <mask> played for Hødd, Molde, Manchester City and Norwich City. He was also an active player for the Norway national team from 1976 through 1986, scoring five goals in 50 matches.Coaching career
As a coach <mask> has won three European countries' national league championships, namely that of Denmark, Sweden and his native Norway, making him the only coach to have won the league in three Scandinavian countries. Other coaches who have won league titles in three countries include fellow Scandinavians Trond Sollied and Sven-Göran Eriksson, while Ernst Happel, Giovanni Trapattoni, José Mourinho and Carlo Ancelotti have won championships in four countries. Early managerial career
In the mid-1990s, Norwegian millionaires Kjell Inge Røkke and Bjørn Rune Gjelsten were reportedly interested in bringing <mask> back to Manchester City as manager if their bid to take over the club was successful, but the takeover bid failed and <mask> never returned to the club. When the pair tried to take over Leeds United around the same time, it was once again reported that <mask> would be installed as manager if the takeover bid succeeded, but this bid too failed and <mask> was never put in charge at Elland Road. However, the pair finally succeeded in a takeover bid for fellow English Premier League club Wimbledon in June 1997, and <mask> appeared all set to become the new manager of the club in a move that would have ousted the incumbent Joe Kinnear. But this never happened either. Norway
<mask> was employed as the coach of the Norway national football team at the end of 2003, replacing Nils Johan Semb, after one season as coach of Rosenborg BK.On 8 December 2008, after having failed to take Norway to any international tournaments, and having had a bad start to the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign, <mask> resigned from his position as national team coach of Norway. On 9 December 2008 <mask> announced that he was stepping down as coach of the Norway national team. Viking
On 10 June 2009 it was announced that he wouldbe coaching Örgryte IS. On 1 December 2009 the former Norway national team head coach left the Swedish club to join Viking FK, from Stavanger to replace Uwe Rösler. Following Egil Østenstad resignation as director of football in Viking, Viking announced in September 2011 that <mask> would be manager of Viking, and that Josep Clotet Ruiz would be hired as coach from the 2012-season onwards, similar to the organization English clubs and Molde have, with Ole Gunnar Solskjær as manager and Mark Dempsey as coach. Viking finished 9th in 2010, Hareide's first season, and 11th in 2011. With the team positioned on 10th place on 9 June 2012, <mask> was released by Viking FK because of the bad results.Second spell at Helsingborg
Following Conny Karlsson's resignation in Helsingborgs IF, the club hired <mask>, the last coach who won Allsvenskan with Helsingborgs IF, except Karlsson, as head coach until the end of the 2012 season. Malmö FF
Hareide was brought out of retirement from his managerial career by being appointed as the new manager of the reigning Swedish champions Malmö FF on 9 January 2014. He had immediate success at the club as he led the team to defend their Allsvenskan title and qualify for the group stage of the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League in his first season. For this successful season <mask> was awarded Allsvenskan manager of the year. He was also nominated for coach of the year at Svenska idrottsgalan. Denmark
On 10 December 2015, <mask> was announced as the new manager of the Denmark national football team replacing Morten Olsen, who had stepped down following the UEFA Euro 2016 qualification. <mask> began his new job on 1 March 2016.In November 2017, he managed his Denmark team to qualification for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. This was achieved with a 5-1 aggregate play-off win over Ireland. <mask> was the Danish coach at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. One month before the beginning of the competition, he said of the French national team, which Denmark was to play in the first round: "The great nations at the World Cup are the best, but not France." Most great nations of football performed poorly, while France won the tournament. <mask> managed Denmark to a 2nd place in the group, but Denmark was eliminated in the round of 16 in a penalty shootout against Croatia. <mask> continued as manager of in the UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying.Under his leadership Denmark qualified for the UEFA Euro 2020. It was revealed that Kasper Hjulmand would replace him as manager of the Danish team following the tournament. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the tournament was postponed, and <mask>'s contract expired. When he left he had not lost for the last 34 games, and his last defeat was on 11 October 2016 against Montenegro. Rosenborg
In August 2020, he became the head coach of Rosenborg BK for a second tenure. Media career
He resigned as the Norway national team coach then worked as an expert Norwegian Premier League commentator for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Statistics

Playing career

Managerial career

1 Only competitive matches are counted.2 For these earlier statistics, only league matches are collected. Honours

Manager
Molde FK
Norwegian Football Cup: 1994

Helsingborgs IF
Allsvenskan: 1999
Svenska Cupen: 1997–98

Brøndby IF
Danish Superliga: 2001–02

Rosenborg BK
Tippeligaen: 2003
Norwegian Football Cup: 2003

Malmö FF
Allsvenskan: 2014
Svenska Supercupen: 2014

Individual
Allsvenskan Manager of the Year: 2014

References

External links

Malmö FF profile

1953 births
Living people
People from Hareid
Norwegian footballers
Norway international footballers
Norwegian football managers
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
IL Hødd players
Molde FK players
Manchester City F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
English Football League players
Molde FK managers
Helsingborgs IF managers
Brøndby IF managers
Rosenborg BK managers
Malmö FF managers
Norway national football team managers
Örgryte IS managers
Viking FK managers
Denmark national football team managers
Norwegian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in England
Norwegian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Sweden
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate football managers in Denmark
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Kniksen Award winners
Sports commentators
Association football defenders
2018 FIFA World Cup managers
Eliteserien managers
Allsvenskan managers
Danish Superliga managers

masks:
Åge Fridtjof Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide
Hareide


title: William Beanes

texts:
<mask> (January 24, 1749 – October 12, 1828) was an American physician who was involved in the events surrounding the writing of the national anthem of the United States. <mask> was a Maryland resident, and upon the British invasion of Maryland during the War of 1812 offered British commanders the use of his home. However, Beanes arrested British deserters who had taken to ransacking local farms in search of food, an act which led to his arrest and detention by the British. Upon news of his arrest become known, a group of Americans led by lawyer Francis Scott Key visited the British to negotiate his release. Upon receiving confirmation of the good character of <mask>, the British released him. During their return home, the group was made to wait in a boat in the Chesapeake Bay at Baltimore for the outcome of a battle at nearby Fort McHenry. The American victory inspired Key to pen Defence of Fort M’Henry about the battle and its outcome.That poem ultimately became the national anthem of the United States, "The Star-Spangled Banner". Early life and education

The first Beanes family member in America was <mask>, a Scotsman who immigrated to the colony of Maryland in 1671. He married Ann Brooke. Their second child was named <mask>, the first generation born in America. He married Elizabeth and their first child was also named <mask>. This <mask> married Mary Bowie. They had a son named <mask>, who is the subject of this biography.He was born near Croome in Prince George's County, Maryland on January 24, 1749. Little is known of his childhood except that he was of Scottish descent. Throughout his life he spoke with a pronounced Scottish accent. Beanes' parents were wealthy and owned large parcels of land in Prince George's County. As a result, Beanes grew up in an affluent environment of luxury. He may have received his basic education from a local public school and further medical education from a tutor. It is known that he obtained his initial medical education from one of the experienced medical practitioners in the town where he lived as there was no medical college in America at the time.Beanes began to practice medicine when he felt he was educated enough and qualified to do so. Marriage and later life
Beanes married Sarah Hawkins Hanson on November 25, 1773. She was the niece of John Hanson, (1721–1783), later of Frederick, Maryland. Hanson became the first president of the Confederation Congress of the United States and it has been argued that he was the first President of the United States. Politics and career
Beanes supported Boston's position in the resistance to the Coercive Acts of excessive governing by the British. He was one of the committee of Prince Georgians who put into effect in the thirteen American colonies the Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress. He offered his medical services at the first General Hospital in Philadelphia after the Battles of Lexington and Concord.There he also attended to soldiers wounded at the Battle of Brandywine, the Battle of Long Island, and during the encampment at Valley Forge. Beanes bought land just outside Upper Marlboro, Maryland, in 1779, where he built a house and began practicing medicine. He also farmed there and owned a local grist mill. In the later 18th century, <mask> was a respected medical doctor and distinguished scientist with an excellent reputation. In 1799, he was a founder of the Medical and Chirurgical (Surgical) Faculty of Maryland—today known as The Maryland State Medical Society (MedChi)—with John Archer and his son Thomas Archer. War of 1812
Beanes played a part during the War of 1812. In the summer of 1814, a British fleet of ships and barges in the Chesapeake Bay sailed up the Patuxent River, landing several regiments of soldiers near Benedict, Maryland, and fighting the Battle of St. Jerome Creek.They marched to the county seat of Upper Marlboro, which was about  east-southeast of Washington, D.C., the fourteen-year-old national capital. The town was mostly deserted except for <mask>, one of its most prominent citizens. He offered British General Robert Ross and Royal Navy Admiral Sir George Cockburn use of his house as their headquarters from August 22 until the afternoon of August 23. This led Ross to believe <mask> was sympathetic towards the British. There was also no resistance to them in town, which reinforced Ross' newfound belief. The British continued their march to Washington and entered Bladensburg, Maryland, which was about  east of Washington. There, on August 24, 1814, they encountered American emplacements that led to the Battle of Bladensburg,  northeast of the Capital along the upper eastern branch stream of the Anacostia River.After a clear British victory, they continued to Washington and burned most of the city's public buildings, including the White House, the Capitol building, the Navy Yard, and other Federal buildings and structures in retaliation for the earlier American Burning of York, the capital of Upper Canada (also known as Toronto, capital of the Province of Ontario) the year before. On the return trip to their ships, they stopped briefly again at Upper Marlboro. Some British deserters ransacked several small farms in the area in search of food. Robert Bowie, the 11th Governor of Maryland, who was a farmer and owned farmland in the area, decided to take matters into his own hands and do something about the ransacking. He got help from Beanes who convinced Dr. <mask> and Philip Weems to participate. They arrested a few deserters and took them to the Prince George's County jail. One escaped and returned back to the British ships in southern Maryland and told Ross about the arrests.Ross was furious at thinking he was misled by Beanes' earlier hospitality and that it had perhaps just been a trick for spying on British activities. The marauders may have lied and accused Beanes of eagerness to spy, so Ross immediately ordered his arrest along with Bowie and four others. Beanes, Bowie, Hill and Weems were seized shortly after midnight the following day. After the soldiers had turned them over, Ross and Cockburn soon released Bowie and the others since it was determined after interrogation they were not spies. However, Beanes was taken back to the H.M.S. Tonnant as a possible spy. Brigadier General <mask>. Winder, (1775–1824), commander of the Ninth Military District in the area, in a letter dated August 31 protested the action:

"Star-Spangled Banner"
Friends of Beanes went to Francis Scott Key, a lawyer in Georgetown, (and later in Frederick, Maryland), for help to obtain the release of the elderly doctor.Key got permission from President James Madison, who also sent John Stuart Skinner the U.S. Prisoner Exchange Agent for the region, to do so. They took one of Skinner's flag of truce vessels, a Chesapeake Bay cartel, the Minden, and set out to locate the British fleet in the Chesapeake Bay. Skinner and Key reached the British flagship of Vice Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane. They met with Ross, who refused to release Beanes. Skinner knew Beanes had a good reputation, so collected letters from wounded British soldiers left behind after the Battle of Bladensburg detailing how well the Americans had treated them and the excellent medical treatment provided by Beanes. Skinner gave Ross the letters. Ross reconsidered and released Beanes.Skinner, Key and Beanes were allowed return to the Minden. However, they could not sail back to Baltimore, but were held  offshore from Fort McHenry until the outcome of the Battle of Baltimore was decided. The trio had learned too much about British forces and their plans to attack on Baltimore to be allowed to go free. The Minden was tied to a British ship in the Chesapeake Bay and guarded by British soldiers until after the battle. It began the morning of September 13, 1814, and the three men watched it from their ship. There was a large flag at Fort McHenry visible to them, however, smoke from British gunfire, cannons, Congreve rockets and nightfall eventually obscured it from their view. When morning came on September 14, they saw the flag was still flying.The British had not taken Fort McHenry, had broken off the attack during the night, and were retreating. The British released Skinner, Key, and Beanes, who arrived in Baltimore on September 16. Key was inspired to write a poem about the event on the back of a letter which ultimately became the "Star-Spangled Banner". Beanes was the incidental cause leading Key to write the poem. Alternative viewpoints
Some historians think the name of the sloop/cartel that Key, Skinner and Beanes were on when they viewed the Battle of Baltimore was The President. A letter dated "Washington, 1856" from Chief Justice R. B. Taney, brother-in-law of Francis Scott Key, to Judge Joseph Hopper Nicholson states that Key, Skinner and Beanes were transferred from the British vessel Surprise to their own unnamed "flag of truce" vessel usually employed as a cartel. They then viewed the battle and Key immediately jotted down the poem's lines before being released by the British to return to land.Still another report about a Mrs. George H. Pendleton (daughter of Key) says Key wrote the poem on September 14, from an unnamed American vessel but not the British vessel Surprise. Still other reports say the ship HMS Minden was not involved in the Battle of Baltimore but was as far away as Java. The Boston Daily Globe reports in 1886:

A letter by one of Key's brothers-in-law, a Judge Taney, says in part as reported by the Pennsylvania Magazine 1898 pp. 22–3:

The letter goes on to say:

According to the Maryland Historical Society, upon Beanes' release from the British, he, along with Skinner and Key, were put on the sloop Minden on or about September 8 to sail up Chesapeake Bay toward Baltimore. British soldiers guarded them as they sailed with a fleet of some forty vessels intending to attack Fort McHenry. The Minden had its sails removed and the British frigate Surprize towed it. The British fleet arrived at Baltimore between September 11 and 13.The battle of Fort McHenry began during the early morning hours of September 13. When Key saw the next morning that the flag was still flying after a fierce battle he was inspired on the Minden to write on the back of a letter the poem "To Anacreon in Heaven", which ultimately became the "Star-Spangled Banner". Later life and death
<mask> spent the remainder of his life on Academy Hill in Upper Marlboro. He died there on October 12, 1828; his wife preceded him on July 15, 1822. They are buried at their home in the garden. Footnotes

References

External links

1749 births
1828 deaths
18th-century American physicians
People from Prince George's County, Maryland
People from Maryland in the War of 1812
People from Upper Marlboro, Maryland

masks:
William Beanes
Beanes
Beanes
Christopher Beanes
William
William
William
William
Beanes
Beanes
Beanes
William Hill
William H
Beanes


title: Ruppert Jones

texts:
<mask> (born March 12, 1955) is a former Major League Baseball center fielder. He was the first player selected in the 1976 Major League Baseball expansion draft by the Seattle Mariners. Kansas City Royals
<mask> was born in Dallas and moved to California as a pre-teen. He played baseball, basketball and football at Berkeley High School in Berkeley, California, earning all-East Bay honors in each sport. He received scholarship offers to play football at Arizona State University, Oregon State University and the University of California, but opted to focus on baseball as he considered himself a better outfielder than wide receiver. He was drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the third round of the 1973 Major League Baseball draft. After three seasons in their farm system, in which he batted .287 with 38 home runs and 173 runs batted in, <mask> went into Spring training 1976 competing for the open outfield job in right field.Though he had a decent Spring, he was beaten out by Tom Poquette, and reassigned to triple A Omaha just as the regular season was set to begin. After batting .262 with nineteen home runs and 73 RBIs in half a season with the Omaha Royals, <mask> earned a call up to the majors for the second half of the 1976 season. He was the hero of his second major league game, going two-for-five and driving in three runs to lead the Royals to an 8–3 victory over the Chicago White Sox. For the season, he batted .216 with one home run and seven RBIs as a fourth outfielder and left-handed bat off the bench. Seattle Mariners
Royals manager Whitey Herzog called <mask> one of the top three prospects in his team's organization, and realized that they were likely to lose <mask> when he was left unprotected in the 1976 expansion draft. However, given the amount of young talent in the organization, <mask> did not fit the team's future plans, and was thereby left unprotected. Actor Danny Kaye, who was part owner of the Seattle Mariners called <mask>' name as the first overall pick in the expansion draft.<mask>' power and range in center field immediately made him a fan favorite in Seattle. He was batting .256 with seventeen home runs and fifty RBIs at the All-Star break to be named the first ever All-Star representative of the club at the 1977 game. He ended the season at .263 with 24 home runs and 76 RBIs to be named the 1977 Topps Rookie All-Star center fielder. On May 16, 1978, <mask> tied a major league record for outfielders with twelve putouts in an extra innings game against the Detroit Tigers. His 1978 season was interrupted by an appendectomy in mid June. He returned in late July, but managed just a .214 batting average the rest of the way. For the season he batted .235 with six home runs and 46 RBIs.He returned healthy in 1979, and established career highs in runs (109), hits (166), triples (9), RBIs (78) and stolen bases (33) while playing a full 162 game schedule. Following the season, he was traded to the New York Yankees with pitcher Jim Lewis for Rick Anderson, Jim Beattie, Juan Beníquez and Jerry Narron. He left the Mariners with the club record for most runs scored in a season (109 in 1979) and he is tied for club records for runs and walks in a game. New York Yankees
<mask> was batting .223 with nine home runs and 42 RBIs playing center and batting second in the Yankees' line-up when he separated his shoulder on August 25, 1980 crashing into the outfield wall in Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum chasing a Tony Armas fly ball. The Yankees won 103 games that season to win the American League East, however, <mask> was unable to appear in the post-season as his injury required season ending surgery. He sued A's owner Charlie Finley after the season. At one point during the Winter Meetings, <mask> was rumored to be heading to the Boston Red Sox in a rare Yankees–Red Sox deal.However, following the Yankees' signing of Dave Winfield as a free agent, the deal fell through. Instead, he was dealt to the San Diego Padres the following Spring with Joe Lefebvre, Tim Lollar and Chris Welsh for Jerry Mumphrey and John Pacella. San Diego Padres
The Padres finished in last place in both halves of the strike shortened 1981 season. For his part, <mask> batted .249 and tied for the team lead with 53 runs scored. He was batting .312 with eleven home runs and fifty RBIs at the 1982 All-Star break to earn the second All-Star nod of his career. He was the Padres' sole representative despite the fact that San Diego was in second place in the National League West at the time. In his only at-bat, he led off the third inning with a triple, and scored on a Pete Rose sacrifice fly.<mask> was a fan favorite on the 1982 Padres, and Padre Yellow "Rupe's Troops" T-shirts were a frequent sight during the season. <mask> appeared in 133 games for the Padres in 1983, the fewest he'd played in a full season uninterrupted by injury. He was a free agent at the end of the season, and when the Padres acquired Carmelo Martínez from the Chicago Cubs at the Winter meetings, <mask> became expendable. Detroit Tigers
<mask> spent Spring training 1984 with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but failed to make the club. A week into the season, he signed with the Detroit Tigers. He began the season assigned to triple A with the Evansville Triplets; a .313 batting average, nine home runs and 45 RBIs earned him a call up to the majors by the beginning of June. He spent the rest of the season platooning with Larry Herndon in left field and occasionally spelling a day off for Chet Lemon in center.Perhaps his most indelible moment of his season in Detroit came on June 24, when he cleared the right field roof of Tiger Stadium with a shot off Milwaukee Brewers right-hander Tom Tellmann. For the season, <mask> batted .284 with 37 RBIs and nine home runs. Six of which came at Tiger Stadium to earn him the nickname "Rooftop" <mask>. The 1984 Tigers won 104 games and coasted into the post-season. <mask> went hitless in eight at-bats in the American League Championship Series and World Series (in which he faced off against the Padres), winning the Series with the Tigers. He became a free agent at the end of the season. The Tigers believed that he was a part-time player at this stage of his career, and were only willing to pay him as such.After some bitter negotiation between <mask> and the Tigers organization, he signed with the California Angels. California Angels
<mask> served as a fourth outfielder and designated hitter his first season in California. His 21 home runs were second only to Reggie Jackson. He and Jackson switched roles in 1986, with Jackson assuming DH duties and <mask> earning most of his playing time in right field. The Angels won the American League West that year, earning <mask> his second trip to the post-season, but lost the 1986 American League Championship Series to the Boston Red Sox in heart-breaking fashion. <mask> collected three hits in the ALCS, scoring four runs and driving in two. His role became far more diminished in 1987 as he didn't even log his first plate appearance until the eighth game of the season.He ended up with eight home runs and 28 RBIs in just 213 plate appearances. 1988 season
<mask> was invited to the Milwaukee Brewers' Spring training camp in Tucson, Arizona as a non-roster invitee in 1988. Though he hit well, he failed to make the club. He signed a minor league deal with the Texas Rangers in the beginning of May, and earned American Association "Player of the Week" honors his second week with the Oklahoma City 89ers. His stay in Oklahoma City, however, was brief. After fifty games, he left for Japan, signing with the Hanshin Tigers. He returned to Oklahoma City in 1989, but with a torn rotator cuff and a torn labrum, he called it quits after 27 games.Personal life
<mask> is divorced from the mother of his daughter and son (Gabrielle and Ranon <mask>), and has been married to his second wife, Betty, since 1997. He now lives in Rancho Bernardo, California, a suburb of San Diego, California, and works with The Boon Group, a third-party administrator that sells employee benefits and administrative services to government contractors. He and former major league pitcher Dave Stewart coach the Easton A's, a San Diego-based Travel Ball Team for ages thirteen and fourteen. References

External links
, or Pura Pelota

1955 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Dallas
Baseball players from San Diego
Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
Billings Mustangs players
California Angels players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
Hanshin Tigers players
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball center fielders
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Omaha Royals players
San Diego Padres players
San Jose Bees players
Seattle Mariners players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Waterloo Royals players
People from Rancho Bernardo, San Diego
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Ruppert Sanderson Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Ruppert
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones


title: W. W. Herenton

texts:
<mask> (born April 23, 1940) is an American politician and a Civil Rights leader. He was elected as the first elected African-American Mayor of Memphis, Tennessee. He was subsequently re-elected to an unprecedented five consecutive terms. During his tenure, <mask> worked to bridge the deep racial divide in Memphis. Under his leadership, the city experienced an economic boom that put it on solid financial footing, resulted in the redevelopment of downtown and the arrival of professional sports teams: the Memphis Grizzlies and Memphis Redbirds. <mask> ran for a sixth term as Memphis mayor in 2019, but lost to incumbent Jim Strickland. Biography
<mask> was born to Ruby Lee Harris in Memphis, Tennessee.Raised by a single mother, <mask> was encouraged at a young age to pursue his dreams of becoming a Golden Gloves boxer. Known as a driving force in his life, Ruby Harris fostered her son's passion for education; eventually leading to <mask> graduating from Le Moyne-Owen College with a bachelors of science in Elementary Education and from the University of Memphis (formerly Memphis State) with a masters in Educational Administration. However, segregation forced <mask> to leave Memphis to attain his doctorate in education at Southern Illinois University. Dr. <mask> served as the first African-American superintendent of Memphis City Schools for 12 years and the first elected African-American mayor of Memphis, Tennessee for 17 years. His constituents often referred to him as "<mask>", after he was televised saying he didn't care whether Memphians voted for him or not- and still won the race. Scandal ensued when he started a second chance program for first time offenders, allegedly connected to his relationship to a female felon. Local news covered this extensively.From Teacher to Superintendent
After graduating from Le Moyne-Owen, <mask> began working at Memphis City Schools as a fifth-grade teacher in Memphis. During the 1968 Memphis Sanitation Strike, <mask> marched in solidarity with the sanitation workers; however, the choice to march with Martin Luther King, Jr. and wear the sign declaring "I AM A MAN" resulted in threats of termination and ostracization from school district leadership and fellow teachers. But in 1969 <mask> was appointed principal of Bethel Grove Elementary and at 28 became the youngest principal ever hired in Memphis. Three years later, he completed his Ph.D. degree at Southern Illinois University. A year after returning from the Rockefeller Foundation Superintendent Training Program, Dr. <mask> became the Deputy Superintendent of Memphis City Schools. In 1979, <mask> became the first African-American superintendent of the Memphis Public Schools. During Dr. <mask>'s 12-year tenure as MCS superintendent, ambitious programs aimed at creating opportunities and services to disadvantaged youth, as well as expanding teacher freedoms, were implemented.However, he was mired in controversy after accusations of sexual harassment from a female teacher surfaced in 1988, leading to his divorce, an admission of an affair, and an out-of-court settlement. Further criticism of his performance as superintendent, as well as an impending mayoral campaign, led him to resign in 1991. 1991 Mayoral Election and Tenure as Mayor
In April 1991, more than 3000 predominantly African-American citizens of Memphis gathered in the Mid-South Coliseum and selected Dr. <mask> as the consensus candidate for the 1991 mayoral election. On October 3, Dr. <mask> became the first African-American to be elected mayor of Memphis. <mask> won his first term by defeating incumbent mayor Richard Hackett in 1991 by 146 votes. In earlier history, an African-American had never been appointed to the position. <mask> went on to be reelected five consecutive times.He was elected to his fifth term in office on October 4, 2007. <mask> was selected to the long list for the 2008 World Mayor award; however, he was not selected for this honor. End of Tenure as Mayor
On March 20, 2008, <mask> announced that he would be stepping down from his position as Memphis' mayor, effective July 31, 2008. This move angered many politicians in the city including Councilwoman Carol Chumney, a candidate he beat for mayor of Memphis in October 2007. He made this announcement just a little over 90 days after his re-election. <mask> stated his early departure was to seek the position again of superintendent of Memphis City Schools, dispelling speculation that he was stepping down because of a run for Congress or impending legal troubles from an ongoing criminal investigation at City Hall. He later stated that he would not leave the office of mayor unless he got the position as the superintendent of schools.<mask> said that he ran for re-election only in order to protect the city of Memphis from the other main candidates, Herman Morris and Councilwoman Carol Chumney. When the day came, <mask> failed to step down as Mayor and said he would serve out his term until 2011. In April 2009, however, <mask> formed an exploratory committee to run in the 2010 US Congressional Election for the 9th District of Tennessee, presumably in the Democratic primary against incumbent Steve Cohen. On June 25, 2009, <mask> announced his resignation as Mayor, effective July 10. On July 6, he announced that he would delay his retirement until July 30. He resigned from office on July 30, 2009. Memphis City Council Chairman Myron Lowery was appointed as mayor pro tempore.2010 Democratic Primary
In 2010, <mask> announced that he would run against Congressman Steve Cohen in the Democratic Primary for Tennessee's 9th congressional district—a historically majority African-American and heavily Democratic district. In September 2009, <mask> attracted controversy with his statement in a radio interview that Congressman Steve Cohen "really does not think very much of African-Americans" and that "[Cohen]'s played the black community well." <mask>'s campaign manager Sidney Chism, who is also African American, told the New York Times that the Memphis-area congressional seat Cohen holds "was set aside for people who look like me. It wasn't set aside for a Jew or a Christian. It was set aside so that blacks could have representation." The National Jewish Democratic Council (NJDC) criticized <mask> for these remarks, stating that his comments were "unacceptable in a Democratic primary or anywhere in our political discourse." Despite <mask>'s attempts to isolate Cohen from the African-American voting demographic, Cohen received endorsements from both President Barack Obama and the Congressional Black Caucus.Cohen won the Democratic primary election, and <mask> gained only 20% of the vote. 2019 Mayoral Race
On April 5, 2018 Dr. <mask> announced his intention to run for mayor of Memphis for a 6th term. Just over a year later, <mask> kicked off his 2019 campaign with several hundred supporters at a rally at his campaign headquarters. At the kickoff, <mask> told supporters that he intended to complete an agenda of justice left unfinished and combat the elitist power structure driving city policy. The Memphis Police Union endorsed Dr. <mask> for mayor for the first time at the campaign kickoff. On July 27, AFSCME local 1733 endorsed <mask> for Mayor. During the press conference, Dr. <mask> noted how in 1968 he marched with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Local 1733 in the Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike, and now for the first time in 2019 AFSCME is standing with him and endorsing him for mayor.On August 1, IBEW Local 1288 (the union that represents the city's utility workers at MLGW) endorsed Dr. <mask> for mayor. At the announcement, union leaders praised <mask> for looking out for workers during his initial tenure as mayor. On October 3, as the results came in, <mask> conceded to Strickland. Personal life
Dr. <mask> has four children; he and his first wife are divorced. His grandson <mask> played college basketball at Miami (Florida). References

External links
 Memphis Commercial Appeal coverage of Mayor <mask>'s political career

Living people
African-American people in Tennessee politics
1940 births
Mayors of Memphis, Tennessee
Tennessee Democrats
African-American mayors in Tennessee
LeMoyne–Owen College alumni
University of Memphis alumni
Southern Illinois University alumni
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Willie Wilbert Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Willie Wilbert Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
King Willie
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Herenton
Willie
Herenton


title: Demetri McCamey

texts:
<mask>, Jr. (born February 21, 1989) is an American professional basketball player for the Austin Spurs of the NBA G League. His prior professional experience includes time with the NBA Development League's Erie BayHawks, Rio Grande Valley Vipers and Fort Wayne Mad Ants, as well as time abroad with Hapoel Jerusalem, Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Oita Heat Devils and Cairns Taipans. He played college basketball for the University of Illinois where he completed his senior season in 2010–11 and was the 2009–10 Big Ten assists champion (7.06) and the 2009–10 NCAA runner-up. He played high school basketball with Big Ten Conference foe Evan Turner on the St. Joseph High School (in Westchester) basketball team. He was a first-team All-state selection according to numerous publications. As a sophomore, he led the 2008–09 team in scoring average, and he was chosen as a third team 2008–09 All-Big Ten Conference player by both the coaches and the media. During his junior season, he led the big ten in assists per game.He holds the Illinois single-season assist/game (7.06) and single-game assists (16) records. Following the 2009–10 All-Big Ten Conference regular season, he was named a first-team All-conference selection by both the coaches and the media. He became the first Fighting Illini to average over seven assists per game over the course of a season during the 2009–10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. As a senior, he was a third team All-Big Ten selection for the 2010–11 Big Ten season. As a senior his assist numbers fell, but his shooting percentages rose. High school career
He was part of a 2005 Chicago area sophomore class that was considered to be the best in the history of the state of Illinois. It included Derrick Rose and his St. Joseph's teammate Turner.Isiah Thomas is St. Joseph's most famous basketball alum, but McCamey was at the time mentioned as the potential next great St. Joseph's product. The class of 2007 was compared to the Chicago area class of 1979 that included Thomas, Terry Cummings, and Darrell Walker as well as the class of 1998 that included Quentin Richardson, Corey Maggette, Frank Williams, Bobby Simmons, Michael Wright. McCamey was considered the second best area prospect after Rose. As a junior, he and Turner attended 2005 Midnight Madness with the Wisconsin Badgers men's basketball team. At the beginning of his junior season, Chicago Tribune named him to its annual top Chicago metropolitan area basketball players list, and it ranked St. Joseph number three in the area. The team went to the state sectional final before its season ended with a 75–72 sectional final loss to Proviso East High School. After his junior season, he was considered one of the top 25 prospects in the country in his class according to one scout, and he was given special mention by the Chicago Tribune and honorable mention by the Associated Press for all-state honors.During his senior season, his team was listed second to Rose's Simeon Career Academy in the preseason Tribune Chicago area high school basketball team rankings. That season, he was named to the second-team Associated Press 2006–07 Class AA all-state team, a day before Rose's Simeon eliminated Turner's St. Joseph in the Illinois Class AA supersectional. McCamey and Turner finished sixth and third to Rose in the Illinois Mr. Basketball voting,  and the Chicago Tribune chose both of them as first team All-state selections along with Rose. He was also a first team selection by Chicago Sun-Times, Champaign-Urbana News-Gazette and Illinois Basketball Coaches Association. McCamey was ranked as the #10, #11 and #10 point guard in the nation as a high school senior by ESPN, Rivals.com, and Scout.com respectively. College career

Freshman season
When McCamey posted 31 points on February 7, 2008 against Indiana, it was the season high for the 2007-08 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team and the most by an Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball freshman in fourteen years. During the 2008 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament he made six three point shots in six attempts against Purdue, which set a Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament single-game record and tied the Illinois school single-game record for three point field goal percentage (most made with no misses).Sophomore season
He was chosen as a third team 2008–09 All-Big Ten Conference player by both the Big Ten coaches and the Big Ten media. McCamey was also a National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) Division I District 7 All‐District second team choice. Since the Big Ten Conference was its own district, this is equivalent to being named second team All-Big Ten by the NABC. He led the 2008–09 Illinois Fighting Illini team in scoring average and was second in assists. On February 12, 2009, he scored the game-winning bank shot with 2.9 seconds remaining against Northwestern. Although he only ranked fourth in the conference in assists, he had the highest assist average in conference games. Junior season

McCamey was named co-Big Ten Conference Player of the Week for February 8, 2010.On February 20, he recorded 16 assists, which is the fourth highest single-game total in Big Ten history. This total set an Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball single-game record. McCamey led the Big Ten in assists (7.06). He was also tenth in scoring and eighth in steals. His 254 assists in 36 games resulting in a 7.06 assist per game average eclipsed Deron Williams' 264 in 39 games (6.77 average) posted during the 2004–05 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. Thus, McCamey took over the Fighting Illini single-season assist per game record. His total of 254 was the fourth highest in Big Ten history and only 20 shy of Mateen Cleaves' Big Ten single-season record of 274.Williams' 264 is the Fighting Illini record. <mask>'s total of 525 after his junior season left him 291 short of Cleaves' career record of 816. Bruce Douglas holds the Fighting Illini record with a total of 765. At the end of the regular season, he was a first-team All-Big Ten selection by both the coaches and the media. McCamey was selected by the U.S. Basketball Writers Association to the ten-man All-District V team covering college basketball players in the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. McCamey was selected to the 2010 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament team. He was recognized as an All-District first-team selection by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, making him eligible for the State Farm Division I All‐America teams.<mask> had entered his name for the 2010 NBA Draft, but did not hire an agent and withdrew his name prior to the May 8, 2010 deadline. Senior season
He was a preseason first team all-conference selection by the Big Ten media for the 2010–11 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season. He was a preseason top 50 candidate for the Wooden Award. McCamey scored 30 points for the first time since his freshman season on December 8, 2010 against the Oakland Golden Grizzlies. On January 3, 2011, he was named co-Big Ten Player of the Week. On January 15, 2011 against Wisconsin, he made a career-high 17 free throws. In December he was named to the 67-man Bob Cousy Award watchlist, and he was named as one of 20 finalists in January.<mask> was selected to the Naismith Award Midseason Top 30 List. Following the 2010–11 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season, he was a third team All-Big Ten selection by the coaches and the media. McCamey was selected by the United States Basketball Writers Association to its 2010–11 Men's All-District Team. He was among the final ten candidates for the Bob Cousy Award. As a senior, his assist average fell from 7.1 to 6.1 per game, but his three-point shot and free throw percentages rose from his prior years. He shot 45.1% versus 34.1% in three point shots the prior year, which had been a career best. Both his junior and senior seasons he took 164 attempts, but he made 74 as a senior versus just 56 as a junior.His free throw percentage also recovered a bit in his senior season moving to 72.4% from 70.7% but still below his sophomore effort of 76.4%. He finished second in the Big Ten in assists to Darius Morris, but also finished third in three point shooting percentage. Professional career

Europe
On July 14, 2011, McCamey signed with Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi of the Turkish Basketball League. On December 8, 2011, he parted ways with Mersin after appearing in just seven games. On December 16, 2011, he signed with Hapoel Jerusalem. In January 2012, he left Hapoel after appearing in just four games. National Basketball Association
In July 2012, McCamey joined the Chicago Bulls for the 2012 NBA Summer League.On September 25, 2012, he signed with the Houston Rockets. However, he was later waived by the Rockets on October 12, 2012. In November 2012, he was acquired by the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of the Rockets. He played in games for the Vipers until December 21. On December 25, 2012, he was waived by the Vipers. Two days later, he was acquired by the Erie BayHawks and debuted with the team on December 28. On March 12, 2013, he was waived by the BayHawks.Later that month, he was acquired by the Fort Wayne Mad Ants. In July 2013, McCamey joined the Minnesota Timberwolves for the 2013 NBA Summer League. Australia
On August 27, 2013, McCamey signed a one-year deal with Cairns Taipans. In 28 games for the Taipans, he averaged 11.6 points, 3.3 rebounds and 2.9 assists per game. Japan
In August 2014, McCamey signed with the Oita Heat Devils of the Japanese bj league. In 50 games for the Heat Devils, he averaged 12.9 points, 3.3 rebounds, 3.3 assists and 1.1 steals per game. Return to D-League
On October 31, 2015, McCamey was selected by the Austin Spurs in the second round of the 2015 NBA Development League Draft.He made the opening night roster and averaged 9.4 points in 55 games during the 2015–16 season. On October 29, 2016, McCamey was reacquired by the Spurs. Italy
On June 17, 2017, McCamey signed with Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna of the Serie A2 Basket. Return to Austin
On December 15, 2018, the Austin Spurs announced that they had re-signed McCamey. Personal
McCamey is the son of <mask> <mask>, Sr. and Sabrina Watson. He has three brothers and one sister. He was a member of the Jessie White Tumbling Team as a youngster.References

External links
Illinois Fighting Illini
nbadraft.net profile
NBA G League profile

1989 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Austin Spurs players
Basketball players from Illinois
Cairns Taipans players
Ehime Orange Vikings players
Erie BayHawks (2008–2017) players
Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball players
Mersin Büyükşehir Belediyesi S.K. players
People from Bellwood, Illinois
Point guards
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois

masks:
Demetri McCamey
McCamey
McCamey
McCamey
Demetri
McCamey


title: George Roupell

texts:
Brigadier <mask>  (7 April 1892 – 4 March 1974) was born in Tipperary and was an Irish born recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Early life and military career
<mask> was born into a military family; his father, Francis F. F<mask>, having served with the British Army in the 70th Regiment and commanded the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment between 1895 and 1899. <mask>'s father had married Edith Maria Bryden at Kingston in 1887. <mask> was educated at Rossall School and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. He was commissioned in the East Surrey Regiment, 2 March 1912 and was appointed lieutenant on 29 April 1914, shortly before the outbreak of the First World War. World War I
At the outbreak of war, the 1st Battalion the East Surreys were deployed as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) into northern Belgium. Roupell commanded a platoon in the BEF's first major action; the Battle of Mons in August 1914.Roupell kept a diary throughout the war which has since been a useful, and sometimes humorous, source of insight and observation on the events that he witnessed and participated in. In the trenches at Mons he recounted how he had to hit his men on the backside with his sword in order to gain their attention and remind them to fire low as they had been taught! Soon after, following the retreat from Mons in September, Roupell led his platoon in the first Battle of the Aisne. Once again, he came under heavy fire, this time while crossing the Aisne on a raft. The Surreys' advance was pushed back with heavy casualties. Early the following year, during the continued fighting around Ypres, Roupell was 23 years old, when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. His citation reads:

For most conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty on 20 April 1915, when he was commanding a company of his battalion in a front trench on "Hill 60," which was subjected to a most severe bombardment throughout the day.Though wounded in several places, he remained at his post and led his company in repelling a strong German assault. During a lull in the bombardment he had his wounds hurriedly dressed, and then insisted in returning to his trench, which was again being subjected to severe bombardment. Towards evening, his company being dangerously weakened, he went back to his battalion headquarters, represented the situation to his commanding officer, and brought up reinforcements, passing backwards and forwards over ground swept by heavy fire. With these reinforcements he held his position throughout the night, and until his battalion was relieved next morning. This young officer was one of the few survivors of his company, and showed a magnificent example of courage, devotion and tenacity, which undoubtedly inspired his men to hold out till the end. He was decorated with his VC by King <mask> on 12 July 1915. In addition to his Victoria Cross he was awarded the Russian Order of St George (4th Class) and the French Croix de Guerre, and was Mentioned in Despatches.He was retrospectively appointed temporary Captain 29 December 1914, to 20 April 1915, inclusive and again later the same year. Roupell was aboard  when it was captured and sunk in the channel in October 1916. <mask> was promoted to acting brigade major on 29 December 1917. On 9 May 1918 he was seconded to the general staff at the rank of temporary major. Inter-war
Following the end of hostilities in Europe, Captain <mask>, still acting major, was promoted to acting lieutenant colonel in charge of Battalion between December 1918 and March 1919. His appointment to the general staff was confirmed on 1 July 1919. During this time he was attached to the allied force under Edmund Ironside and sent to support Tsarist Russians as part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War.On a visit to a Tsarist unit, they mutinied and Roupell and others were taken prisoner near Arkhangelsk, sent to Moscow and finally repatriated in 1920. Early in 1921, Roupell married Doris P. Sant in Paddington. Daughter Phoebe and son Peter were born in 1922 and 1925 respectively. Roupell's inter-war military career continued with appointments as staff captain (1921), brigade major (1926) and promotion to substantive major (1928). During the inter-war period, Roupell served in Gibraltar, the Regimental Depot, India and the Sudan and he attended the Staff College, Camberley. As major (GSO2), Roupell spent two years from 1929 at the Royal Military College of Canada
and in 1934 a year with the British troops in China. Following his return, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel (1935).World War II
At the outbreak of the Second World War, in September 1939, Roupell was promoted to colonel and, promoted to acting brigadier placed in command of 36th Infantry Brigade from 7 October 1939. Roupell's 36th Brigade were deployed as part of the 12th (Eastern) Infantry Division in April 1940 and became part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), taking part in the Battle of France. The German thrust near the Somme river towards Abbeville eventually cut off the BEF, northern French and Belgian forces from the rest of France. <mask>'s brigade headquarters near Doullens was attacked by enemy troops and on being told of the threat Roupell is reported to have exclaimed: "Never mind the Germans. I'm just going to finish my cup of tea." When the brigade headquarters was overrun on 20 May 1940, Roupell gave the order for the survivors to split up into small groups and endeavour to re-contact Allied troops. Roupell, with a captain and French interpreter, avoided capture, hiding by day and walking at night for over a month.They arrived at a farm near Rouen where the two officers remained for almost two years, working as labourers. With the help of the French Resistance they were moved through unoccupied France into non-belligerent Spain, finally boarding ship in Gibraltar and returning to the United Kingdom. Following his return he was appointed commanding officer of the 114th Infantry Brigade, part of the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, on 18 March 1943, a command he held until 2 November that year. He was appointed as garrison commander at Chatham, where he remained until retirement. Post-War
In 1946 <mask> was formally retired from the army on retirement pay and granted the honorary rank of brigadier. and, at the age of 58, excused from the reserve list of officers in 1950. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey in 1953.In 1954 he was appointed Colonel of the East Surreys, succeeding Arthur Dowler, and was to be the last Colonel of The East Surrey Regiment, relinquishing office in 1959 when amalgamation with The Queen's Royal Regiment took place to form the Queen's Royal Surrey Regiment. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1956. <mask> died in Shalford, Surrey, on 4 March 1974 (aged 82). His body was cremated at Guildford Crematorium. References

Listed in order of publication year
  (First published 1981. Republished 1988 and 1997.) External links
Location of grave and VC medal (Surrey)
Brig Roupell service record at OrdersofBattle.com
 Ieper: The Second Battle of Ypres April 1915 Account of events at Hill 60
Generals of World War II

1892 births
1974 deaths
Irish officers in the British Army
People from Tipperary (town)
East Surrey Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army brigadiers of World War II
Companions of the Order of the Bath
British Army brigadiers
People educated at Rossall School
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Deputy Lieutenants of Surrey
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree
Irish World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Royal Military College of Canada faculty
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley

masks:
George Rowland Patrick Roupell
George Roupell
. Roupell
George
George
George V
Roupell
Roupell
Roupell
Roupell
George Roupell