title: Zach Galifianakis

texts:
<mask> (; , ; born October 1, 1969) is an American actor, comedian, musician, and writer. He appeared in Comedy Central Presents special and presented his show Late World with <mask> on VH1. <mask> has starred in films including The Hangover trilogy (2009–2013), Due Date (2010), The Campaign (2012), Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) and Masterminds (2016). He has also voiced characters in animated films such as Puss in Boots (2011), The Lego Batman Movie (2017), Missing Link (2019), and Ron's Gone Wrong (2021). <mask> currently hosts the Funny or Die website talk show Between Two Ferns with <mask>. He starred in the FX series Baskets and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2017. Early life
<mask> was born in Wilkesboro, North Carolina, on October 1, 1969. the son of community arts center owner Mary Frances (née Cashion) and heating oil vendor <mask>.His mother is of Scottish-Irish and English descent, while his paternal grandparents were Greek immigrants from Crete. He was baptized in his father's Greek Orthodox faith. He has a younger sister, Merritt, and an older brother, Greg. His cousin is Washington Post cartoonist <mask>, while his uncle, also named <mask>, is a politician. <mask> attended Wilkes Central High School, and subsequently attended North Carolina State University, where he majored in communications. While in college, he worked at a public access station. He taught a waltz class in 1991 where he crossed paths with Mary J. Blige.Career

Early work
After his television debut Boston Common, <mask> joined Saturday Night Live for two weeks. He has stated "I worked on Saturday Night Live for two weeks, and Britney Spears was the host one week when I was doing it. Wrote a sketch, Will Ferrell was going to play a bodyguard to her belly button, and we were going to shrink Will down to fit into a belly button. ...she just stared at me after I explained it to her. And then she finally goes 'Yeah that's funny.'" <mask> co-starred in the film Out Cold, and had small roles in Corky Romano, Below, Bubble Boy, Heartbreakers, Into the Wild, Super High Me, Little Fish Strange Pond and Largo. In September 2001, he appeared in an episode of Comedy Central Presents.It included a stand-up routine, a segment with a piano, and a cappella group The Night Owls  (introduced as his "12 ex-girlfriends") singing "Eternal Flame" by The Bangles while he made jokes. In 2002, he hosted his own VH1 talk show called Late World with <mask>. It featured many of his friends and regular performers from the LA comedy and music venue Largo where he appeared frequently during this time period. One episode featured Largo regulars Jon Brion and Rhett Miller as musical guests. He played Davis in the Fox drama series Tru Calling. He appeared many times on Jimmy Kimmel Live! and played Frisbee in Reno 911!.<mask> played Alan Finger on the Comedy Central show Dog Bites Man, a fake news program that caught people during candid moments thinking they were being interviewed by a real news crew. He also guest-starred in the episode of the Comedy Central show The Sarah Silverman Program as Fred the Homeless Guy. He also had a recurring guest role as a doctor on the animated Adult Swim show Tom Goes to the Mayor and appeared in several episodes of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! in a recurring role as Tairy Greene. In 2006, <mask> appeared in Fiona Apple's music video for the song "Not About Love", where he is seen lip-syncing the lyrics to the song. A year later, Kanye West employed <mask> and indie rock musician Will Oldham for similar purposes in the second version of the video for his song "Can't Tell Me Nothing". In June 2006, <mask> released the single "Come On and Get It (Up in 'Dem Guts)", a comedic hip-hop dance song which features Apple's vocals.<mask>, Patton Oswalt, Brian Posehn and Maria Bamford, are the four Comedians of Comedy, a periodic packaged comedy tour in the style of The Original Kings of Comedy and the Blue Collar Comedy Tour. They chose to perform at live rock clubs as opposed to comedy clubs to try to reach a different audience. Much of the tour was taped and has been featured in both a short-lived TV series on Comedy Central and a full-length movie that has appeared at SXSW and on Showtime. On February 22, 2008, he made an appearance on the Jackassworld.com: 24 Hour Takeover. He interviewed various members of the Jackass cast. <mask> starred in first leading role in the independent film Visioneers which premiered in 2008. The film which was released on direct-to-DVD.That same year, <mask> appeared in a web video series of advertisements for Absolut vodka, along with Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim, creating a parody of the Golden Girls in which one has a deep anger issue, breaking the fourth wall in exasperation and outright violence on the set. He also completed the pilot Speed Freaks for Comedy Central. <mask>'s 2006 stand-up concert film <mask>kis Live at the Purple Onion was one of the first original programs from Netflix. Between Two Ferns with <mask>kis

<mask> has a series of videos on the Funny or Die website titled Between Two Ferns With <mask> where he conducts interviews with popular celebrities between two potted ferns. He has interviewed Jimmy Kimmel, Michael Cera, Jon Hamm, Natalie Portman, Charlize Theron, Bradley Cooper, Carrot Top, Conan O'Brien, Andy Richter, Andy Dick, Ben Stiller, Steve Carell, Sean Penn, Bruce Willis, Tila Tequila, Jennifer Aniston, Will Ferrell, Samuel L. Jackson, Tobey Maguire, Arcade Fire, Justin Bieber, Brie Larson, David Letterman, former President Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, and Brad Pitt. His interview style consists of typical interview questions, bizarre non sequiturs, awkward product endorsements and sometimes inappropriate sexual questions and comments. <mask> won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Short-Format Live-Action Entertainment Program as a producer of the show at the 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.Mainstream performances
<mask> played Alan Garner in the hit comedy The Hangover and earned the MTV Movie Award for the Best Comedic Performance. He was also prominently advertised in subsequent films that featured him in supporting roles, such as G-Force, Youth in Revolt and Up in the Air. <mask> starred in the HBO series Bored to Death and hosted Saturday Night Live on March 6, 2010 during the show's 35th season, during which he shaved his beard mid-show for a sketch, and closed the show wearing a fake one. He hosted again on March 12, 2011 and shaved his head this time, in a Mr. T-like hairstyle, which was allegedly supposed to be used for a sketch that never aired due to time constraints. In 2010, he starred in several films, including Dinner for Schmucks, It's Kind of a Funny Story, and Due Date. On October 29, 2010, while debating marijuana legalization on the show HBO's Real Time with Bill Maher, <mask> appeared to have smoked marijuana on live television; host Bill Maher denied that it was real marijuana in an interview with Wolf Blitzer during an episode of The Situation Room. In 2011, he reprised his role for The Hangover Part II, which was set in Thailand and voiced Humpty Dumpty in Puss in Boots.<mask> starred alongside Will Ferrell in Jay Roach's 2012 political comedy The Campaign. He received critical praise for his performance in the 2014 film Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance), in which he starred with Michael Keaton, Emma Stone and Edward Norton. In 2017, <mask> voiced The Joker in The Lego Batman Movie. Charity work
In January 2014, <mask> and his Night of a Thousand Vaginas co-star Sarah Silverman announced their intention to raise $20,000 to help fund the Texas Abortion Fund, part of a nationwide network of funds set up to assist women in obtaining abortions in states whose legislatures had placed restrictions on the practice. The fundraiser was set up in response to the passage of Texas H.B. 2, which established several restrictions that forced a majority of the state's abortion clinics to close. <mask> befriended Marie "Mimi" Haist, a homeless woman in her 80s who was living in a Santa Monica laundromat for 18 years, and bought her an apartment across the street from the laundromat.The story was revealed in the 2015 documentary Queen Mimi. Personal life
In August 2012, <mask> married Canadian charity worker Quinn Lundberg at the UBC Farm in Vancouver. They have two sons together: one born on September 7, 2013 (<mask> skipped the premiere of his film Are You Here to attend the birth) and another born on November 7, 2016. <mask> owns a farm in Sparta, North Carolina, and splits his time between the farm and his work. He said, "My farm is a place that I get to think clearly and pretend to know what I am doing." Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

External links

20th-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American male actors
1969 births
American cannabis activists
American comedy musicians
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male web series actors
American people of Greek descent
American people of Scottish descent
American stand-up comedians
American television writers
Funny or Die
Zach
Late night television talk show hosts
Living people
Male actors from North Carolina
American male television writers
North Carolina Democrats
North Carolina State University alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Alleghany County, North Carolina
People from Wilkesboro, North Carolina
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Screenwriters from North Carolina
Streamy Award winners

masks:
Zachary Knight Galifianakis
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Zach Galifianakis
Zachary Knight Galifianakis
Harry Galifianakis
Nick Galifianakis
Nick Galifianakis
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title: Tosin Abasi

type: original

texts:
Oluwatosin Ayoyinka Olumide "<mask>" <mask> (born January 7, 1983), is a Nigerian-American musician, best known as the founder and lead guitarist of the instrumental progressive metal band Animals as Leaders. He has recorded and released four albums with Animals as Leaders: a self-titled debut, Weightless, The Joy of Motion and their most recent album, The Madness of Many. A guitar virtuoso, Guitar World ranks <mask> at #97 on their list of 100 Greatest Guitarists of all time. Life and career

Background
<mask> was born in Washington D.C. to Nigerian immigrants to the United States. His brother, <mask>, is a former drill sergeant in the United States military and is currently a fashion designer. <mask> is a mainly self-taught guitarist. He first picked up a guitar at his friend's house, simply strumming it and making up basic licks on the spot.At this time he was being exposed to some music through learning the clarinet in elementary school. He later began to rent hair metal guitarists' instructional video tapes from his local music store, saying that some "were videos you did not want to be caught watching" due to racy material in certain tapes (e.g. women in bikinis). <mask> said that when he decided to learn the guitar, his father was "totally liberal about the whole thing and encouraging and proud" and in fact, bought him his first guitar. However his mother initially held a more conservative outlook. <mask> said in an interview, “My mom definitely represents more of the traditional immigrant mentality of education and conventional channels being way more important than a creative endeavor". Early career
He was the guitarist for the Silver Spring, Maryland-based metal band PSI before moving onto join the technical metalcore band Reflux in the early to mid-2000s.During a Reflux show, Prosthetic Records noticed his skill and offered him a record deal as a solo artist. At first, he refused, saying he didn't feel comfortable with his skill level to write his own record. Afterwards, <mask> enrolled at the Atlanta Institute of Music and Media, a for-profit college. After graduating, he contacted Prosthetic Records asking if the offer still held. He then formed his "solo" project, Animals as Leaders, the name loosely being derived from the book Ishmael. Success with Animals as Leaders and onward
In 2009, he recorded the first Animals as Leaders release with Misha Mansoor (of Periphery), who produced and recorded the album with Tosin, as well as programming the drums. Javier Reyes and Navene Koperweis were enlisted on rhythm guitar and drums, respectively, after the completion of the album, turning the project into a full touring band.He also toured with the band Born of Osiris as a stand-in guitarist for former member Matt Pantelis whilst they were auditioning for a permanent replacement. In 2011, <mask> started putting together material for a new band, T.R.A.M., consisting of his Animals As Leaders bandmate Javier Reyes, Suicidal Tendencies drummer Eric Moore, and former The Mars Volta wind instrumentalist Adrián Terrazas-González. "T.R.A.M." stands for Terrazas, Reyes, <mask>, Moore. In mid-March 2011, T.R.A.M. played their first show at South by Southwest, a multi-day music festival in Austin, Texas. <mask> explained that he formed T.R.A.M.as a trio consisting of himself, Javier and Adrian as an outlet for some ideas he had written which he felt did not fit with Animals as Leaders. Eric Moore was not added into the line-up until the recording phase of the album, and wrote and performed all the drums on the album within a few weeks. Animals as Leaders released their second album, Weightless, on November 8, 2011. <mask> was reportedly meeting with Misha Mansoor again in late 2012, and it was reported that a new Animals as Leaders album was in the works, due to be released in 2013. At NAMM 2013, <mask> <mask>'s signature guitar, the Ibanez TAM 100, was revealed. This guitar is based upon the Ibanez RG2228 model, which he had been using for some years, and contains his signature DiMarzio Ionizer pickups. On March 19, 2014, the Animals As Leaders album The Joy of Motion was made available for streaming, via YouTube.On March 24, 2014, the album was released in Europe, March 25 in North America and on March 28 in Australia and New Zealand by Sumerian Records. The album was met with widely positive reviews. In July 2014, <mask> appeared in the first episode of Guitar Power, a web-series sponsored by D'Addario String and Rolling Stone Magazine. As of March 2014, he was on tour with Animals As Leaders. In October 2014, it was revealed that <mask> would join Joe Satriani, Guthrie Govan, and Mike Keneally on the G4 tour in 2015. In April and May 2016, <mask> joined Nuno Bettencourt, Yngwie Malmsteen, Steve Vai, and Zakk Wylde, as part of the Generation Axe tour. The supergroup later reprised their tour in 2017 in Asia, and North America once more in 2018.In August 2020, it was revealed that <mask> was the musician behind the "air guitar" shredding in Bill & Ted Face the Music. Abasi Concepts
In 2017, after leaving Ibanez Guitars, <mask> wanted to expand on his design and include features such as locking tuners and 6 string options. As a result, <mask> founded Abasi Concepts which features a range of 6, 7 and 8 string instruments that feature his unique ergonomic design, locking tuners, signature Fishman pickups and unique wood combinations. <mask> started with Frank Falbo but had a public fallout with the builder over business issues. This led to Abasi Concepts switching to World Musical Instrument Co. Ltd as the manufacturer for their Legion Series, Dyna Gakki as the manufacturer for their JLarada Series and Grover Jackson Engineering as the manufacturer for their Master, Spartan and Space Telecaster series. Influences
His favoured guitarists, musicians and bands include Steve Vai, Allan Holdsworth, Fredrik Thordendal of Meshuggah, Thom Yorke of Radiohead, Aphex Twin, Squarepusher, Mike Einziger of Incubus, and Dream Theater. He is a Transcendental Meditation practitioner.Discography

PSI (Pounds Per Square Inch)
Virus (2001)

Reflux
Illusion of Democracy (2004)

Animals as Leaders
Animals as Leaders (2009)
"Wave of Babies (Digital Single)" (2010)
Weightless (2011)
The Joy of Motion (2014)
Animals as Leaders Encore Edition (2015)
The Madness of Many (2016)

T.R.A.M. Lingua Franca (Sumerian, 2012)

Tigran Hamasyan
The Call Within (Guitars in "Vortex") (Nonesuch Records, 2020)

References

1983 births
20th-century American guitarists
African-American guitarists
African-American male guitarists
African-American rock musicians
American people of Nigerian descent
American people of Yoruba descent
Eight-string guitarists
Guitarists from Washington, D.C.
Lead guitarists
Living people
Progressive metal guitarists
Yoruba musicians
21st-century American guitarists
Animals as Leaders members
Generation Axe members
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American musicians

masks:
Tosin
Abasi
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Abdul Abasi
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title: Kevin Williamson (screenwriter)

texts:
<mask> (born March 14, 1965) is an American screenwriter, director, and producer. He is known for developing and writing the screenplay for slasher film Scream (1996)—which launched the Scream franchise—along with those for Scream 2 (1997) and Scream 4 (2011). He is also known for creating the WB teen drama series Dawson's Creek (1998–2003), the CW supernatural drama series The Vampire Diaries (2009–2017), the Fox crime thriller series The Following (2013–2015), the CBS crime drama series Stalker (2014–2015), and the CBS All Access thriller series Tell Me a Story (2018–2020). <mask> also wrote the screenplays for the films I Know What You Did Last Summer (1997), The Faculty (1998), and Cursed (2005). He made his directorial debut with the black comedy film Teaching Mrs. Tingle (1999). Early life
<mask> was born in New Bern, North Carolina, the younger son of Faye and <mask>, a fisherman. He spent his early years in Aransas Pass, Texas, near Corpus Christi, Texas.<mask>'s family returned to North Carolina for his high school years. He then attended East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina, where he received a BFA in Theatre Arts. He told Entertainment Weekly interviewer Melissa Maerz, "When I was growing up, my mom and dad took me to the Poe museum in Richmond, Virginia. It was a little house downtown, and The Raven was written on the walls. You had to move from room to room to read the whole story. I thought it was the coolest thing in the world." Career

Early career (1990–1994)
After graduation, he moved to New York City to pursue an acting career.Though he landed a part on the soap opera Another World in 1990, he moved to Los Angeles the following year where he had small parts in In Living Color, a Roger Corman film, Hard Run, and in music videos. While taking classes on screenwriting at UCLA he wrote his first script, Killing Mrs. Tingle (later retitled Teaching Mrs. Tingle) which was bought by a production company in 1995 and put on the shelf. Mainstream breakthrough (1995–1998)

Scream
Inspired by the March 9, 1994, episode of the newsmagazine Turning Point on Danny Rolling, a serial killer in Gainesville, Florida, who preyed on college students, <mask> wrote a horror movie script, originally titled Scary Movie. Its characters had seen many classic horror movies (e.g. Halloween, A Nightmare on Elm Street) and knew all the clichés. Miramax bought the script for $400,000 for their new Dimension Films label in the spring of 1995. Directed by Wes Craven, the film was renamed Scream, and released in The United States on December 20, 1996.It became a commercial blockbuster and critical success—ultimately drawing $173 million in ticket sales worldwide. <mask> earned the Saturn Award for Best Writing in 1996 for his work on Scream. In 1997, Dimension Films released Scream 2, also written by <mask>. It, too, was a critical and box office hit and paved the way for two more installments, Scream 3 (2000) and Scream 4 (2011). The latter was written by <mask>. Dawson's Creek
Paul Stupin, an executive at Columbia TriStar Television, read Scream after the bidding war for the script and was convinced <mask> was just the man to create a television series for his company. The result was Dawson's Creek, a semi-autobiographical tale set in a small coastal community not unlike Oriental.<mask> was the model for the title character, Dawson Leery, a hopeless romantic who is obsessed with movies—especially those of Steven Spielberg. Joey Potter, the platonic girl-next-door, was based on a real life friend of <mask>'s when he was young. In December 1995, the show was pitched to the Fox Network, where Stupin had been an executive, but it was rejected. Then in 1996, Stupin and <mask> went to, and struck a deal with, The WB. <mask> said, "I pitched it as Some Kind of Wonderful, meets Pump Up the Volume, meets James at 15, meets My So-Called Life, meets Little House on the Prairie." Dawson's Creek premiered on The WB on January 20, 1998, and was an immediate hit that helped launch the newly created television network. In 1999, <mask> left the show to focus on other endeavors, among them ABC's Wasteland, which failed to attract a sizable audience and was canceled after its thirteen-episode first season.He later returned to Dawson's Creek to pen the two-part series finale in 2003. I Know What You Did Last Summer
In 1997, <mask> penned his next film, I Know What You Did Last Summer, based on a 1973 novel of the same name by Lois Duncan. Centered on four high school friends who accidentally run over a man and dump his body in an attempt to go on with their lives, the plot focuses on the four friends a year after the accident when they become the victims of a serial stalker. Despite receiving negative reviews from critics, the film was a box office success and helped launch the careers of actors Jennifer Love Hewitt, Freddie Prinze, Jr., Sarah Michelle Gellar, and Ryan Phillippe, going on to spawn two sequels, neither of which <mask> was involved with. Later work (1999–2008)
<mask> gave up the job of writing the full script for Scream 3 in order to direct his first penned script, originally titled Killing Mrs. Tingle and inspired by Lois Duncan's novel Killing Mr. Griffin. Starring Dawson's Creek'''s Katie Holmes, Barry Watson, and Helen Mirren, Teaching Mrs. Tingle (as it was renamed after the Columbine High School massacre) followed a group of students getting even with their vindictive teacher. The film was neither a critical nor box office success.In 1999, <mask> created Wasteland, starring Rebecca Gayheart. A late night, sexualized version of his earlier show, Dawson's Creek, it aired for just 3 episodes in October 1999 before being canceled. The remaining 10 episodes were aired on Showtime's ShowNext channel in 2001. In 2001, <mask> created Glory Days as a mid-season replacement for The WB. The series followed a novelist returning to his hometown, a coastal community within Washington state, which was experiencing strange occurrences—seeming to mirror the plot ABC's Twin Peaks. Debuting in January 2002, the series was canceled after the airing of nine episodes. <mask> penned another script which Wes Craven would go on to direct called Cursed, after a failed first shoot starring an almost entirely different cast before re-writes and re-shoots turned the project into something new, it was finally released in 2005 and starred Christina Ricci, Jesse Eisenberg, Joshua Jackson, and Shannon Elizabeth.Due to the many script changes, delays in production and low promotional budget due to all the re-shoots, the film failed to perform at the box office. Later that same year, Dimension Films released <mask>'s horror film, Venom, about a group of teens stalked by a crazed killer in the bayous of Louisiana. <mask> is listed as a producer of the film, but not as a writer. The film opened to negative reviews and suffered at the box office, taking in less than $900,000 in gross revenue. In 2006, <mask> began production on a new teen drama, tentatively titled Palm Springs, for The CW, the successor to the WB network. Later retitled Hidden Palms, the series was a coming-of-age drama about a troubled teen who moves with his mother and new stepfather to a gated community in Palm Springs, California, where he uncovers dark secrets about his neighbors and his home's previous tenants. Hidden Palms was originally intended to be a midseason replacement set to air in March but its timeslot was filled by Pussycat Dolls Present: The Search for the Next Doll instead.The pilot eventually premiered on May 30, 2007, to favorable reviews. However, after eight episodes, the series was canceled due to low viewership ratings. The final episode aired on July 4, 2007. Return and newfound success (2009–present)
<mask> developed a new TV series for The CW entitled The Vampire Diaries, which was adapted from a novel series of the same name by L. J. Smith. The series follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), who falls in love with vampire Stefan Salvatore (Paul Wesley), and soon finds herself caught in a love triangle between Stefan and his older brother, Damon (Ian Somerhalder), while the brothers are also being haunted by the past they've had with Katherine Pierce (also played by Dobrev). The series also focuses on the lives of Elena's friends and other inhabitants of the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia. The Vampire Diaries premiered on September 10, 2009, and has become a domestic and international hit.<mask> developed a new TV series for The CW entitled The Secret Circle, which was from another book series of Vampire Diaries writer, L. J. Smith. The series revolves around six teenage witches who form a Circle coven on the fictional town of Chance Harbor, Washington.The Secret Circle premiered on September 15, 2011, just after the third-season premiere of The Vampire Diaries. It was pickup for a full-season on October 12, 2011. It was eventually cancelled. <mask> was the writer and producer for Scream 4, which began shooting in June 2010 and was released in theaters on April 15, 2011. <mask> created the TV series The Following, which began airing on Fox in the 2012–13 television season. Starring critically acclaimed actor <mask>, the series follows an ex-FBI agent who finds himself in the middle of a network of serial killers.The series was cancelled by Fox on May 8, 2015, however it was reported the series was being shopped to Hulu for a possible fourth season. <mask> also created Stalker, a psychological thriller centered on a pair of detectives who handle stalking incidents for the Threat Management Unit of the LAPD. The pilot was directed by Liz Friedlander and starred Dylan McDermott and Maggie Q. The series was cancelled on May 11, 2015, after one season. It was reported Warner Bros. would possibly shop the series around. In 2017, <mask> developed Time After Time, based on the novel of the same name, with the plot reset in 2017 New York City. It ran for only 3 of its produced 12 episodes before being cancelled.In 2018, <mask> created Tell Me a Story, a psychological thriller based on the Mexican television series Érase una vez, who takes "the world's most beloved fairy tales and reimagines them as a dark and twisted psychological thriller". The pilot was also directed by Friedlander (who also directed episodes of The Vampire Diaries, The Following and Stalker for <mask>) and starred James Wolk, Billy Magnussen, Dania Ramirez, Kim Cattrall, Danielle Campbell and Paul Wesley. The latter was one of the main actors in <mask>'s previous show, The Vampire Diaires. The show began airing on CBS All Access  in October 31, 2018. In March 2020, it was announced that <mask> would serve as executive producer for the fifth installment of the Scream franchise, which was directed by Tyler Gillett and Matt Bettinelli-Olpin. The film was released on January 14, 2022. Personal life
<mask> is openly gay.He came out to his friends and family in 1992.Summers, Claude J. (December 23, 2005). The Queer Encyclopedia of Film & Television. Cleis Press. p. 259. Archived at Google Books. Retrieved August 31, 2015.Filmography
Film

Television

Further reading
 Darren Crosdale. Dawson's Creek:  The Official Companion. Kansas City, Missouri:  Andrews McMeel, 1999. Jeffrey Epstein. "Unbound". The Advocate. August 31, 1999.34+. Andy Mangels. From Scream to Dawson's Creek:  An Unauthorized Take on the Phenomenal Career of <mask>. Los Angeles:  Renaissance Books, 2000. Charlie Palmer. "<mask>". In The Wallflower Critical Guide to Contemporary North American Directors''.Edited by Yoram Allon, Del Cullen and Hannah Patterson. London:  Wallflower, 2000. References

External links

1965 births
20th-century American writers
21st-century American writers
American male screenwriters
American soap opera writers
East Carolina University alumni
Film directors from North Carolina
The Following
American gay writers
LGBT film directors
LGBT television directors
LGBT people from North Carolina
Living people
People from New Bern, North Carolina
Showrunners
American television producers
LGBT producers
American male television writers
LGBT screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
Screenwriters from North Carolina

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Kevin Meade Williamson
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Wade Williamson
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Kevin Williamson
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title: Pierre Guillemin

texts:
<mask> (14 June 1886 – 18 August 1915) was a French rugby union player, who represented , Paris and Racing Club de France (RCF). He was first selected to play for France in the Home Nations Championship of 1908, playing in the games against  and . The following year, he played against England and , and in 1910, in all four Home Nations games. That year, he scored his only points for France, a try, against England in a close-fought match, after which he gained a reputation for being amongst the best of the French forwards. <mask>'s final season playing for France was that of 1910–11. The French press disapproved of his selection, noting that he was excessively violent and not very effective. In 1911, France won its first ever official international match, beating  16–15 at home, but in the following game, away against England, the French were heavily beaten.Guillemin's last match for France was against Wales; he was dropped for the final game of the championship, against Ireland. He played on with RCF for one more season, playing in the team that was runner-up in the Championnat de France. An architect by profession, he became a lieutenant in the French infantry, and died on the front in the First World War after a reconnaissance mission in Bois le Prêtre in Belleville-sur-Meuse. Early life
Guillemin was born in Bonneveau in the Loire Valley, France. He had a brother, Henry, who died in 1914. Rugby career

Early years and selection for France

Guillemin had been playing as a forward for Racing Club de France (RCF) in the Championnat de Paris since 1906 when he got the opportunity to trial for . Ahead of the international matches against the Home Nations teams in 1908, the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA) organised two matches.The first was a North of France versus South match, after which a France team was formed to play against the Rest of France on 22 December at the Stade du Matin in Colombes. Guillemin was selected for the Rest. Ahead of the game, Reichel in Le Figaro gave France the odds of winning, since it had a heavier pack and better halfbacks, and also commented positively on Duval, Bonhomme and Guillemin. The Rest of France won 12–6. The cohesion of the Rest's threequarter line, all coming from Stade Français, was especially apparent, while the forwards, although weaker in the scrum, and lighter, played with more "valour". As a result, many changes were made for the team to play  on 1 January 1908: the captain, Marc Giacardy, was dropped altogether, and Guillemin was one of several who won selection. France hosted England at Colombes on 1 January 1908 for the third rugby encounter between the two nations.Although France lost the game 0–19, the press did not consider it a crushing defeat, given that on the previous occasions England had scored 35 points and then 41. During the first half, two French players departed the field injured, so that by the second half, England had the advantage in numbers and were able to control the game, which at the start had appeared (to the French press) to be well-balanced. The forwards were considered to be at least equal to, if not better, than the English. <mask> and Duval amongst the forwards, as well as the backs Hubert and Moure, drew praise from Reichel. <mask> was selected for the next game between  and France on 2 March in Cardiff, Wales. It was the first official match played between the two nations and 20,000 spectators turned up to watch. It was clear from the start that Wales was by far the stronger team, scoring in the first three minutes and leading 17–4 at half time.By the end of the game, the home team had scored nine tries, three of which were converted, and a penalty; France managed to score just one drop-goal, although it was considered "magnificent". Guillemin then played a series of matches for le Sporting Club de Madrid, made up of current and former pupils, against Trinity College, Cambridge, the first of which was held on 3 March at Cambridge, and a return match on 26 March at Parc des Princes. Guillemin was selected to play the touring Australians on 2 January 1909, but the match was cancelled due to bad weather. 1908–10
In the trials match for the 1910 Five Nations Championship, Guillemin was selected to play for the Possibles against the Probables. The Probables won a close game 9–6, and Guillemin was selected again to play for France. The fourth match between England and France was held at Leicester on 30 January 1909. The English dominated from the start but the French put up a good fight, as both the English and French press reported.The French forwards were compared in their style of play with those of Ireland, with good footballing skills. Although the English won a fourth successive victory, 22–0, it seemed as though the French game was beginning to develop. On New Year's Day 1910, Wales hosted the French team, several of whose players were unable to attend due to the annual celebrations. For Wales, the match in Swansea was merely a "splendid preliminary canter", and the home side was very much favourite to win. It was only the third match between the two nations: the first, held at Cardiff in 1908, had proved popular due to the novelty. After the easy Welsh victory over France in Paris in 1909, there was very little interest in the match in 1910 and few spectators turned up. Wales scored the first try from an intercepted pass in the first three minutes of the game but the French responded immediately with a try of their own.Nevertheless, despite the Welsh appearing not to take the game seriously, the Welsh lead at half-time of 21–14 and ended with a score of 49–14. selected its best team for the encounter with France on 22 January at Inverleith, the first time it gave full international recognition to a French team. The French backs were said to be "very fast", but the Scottish forwards far outplayed the French and the final score was 27–0. On 3 March, France played host to England at the Parc des Princes. England were victorious but it was a good contest, with the final score 3–11. The French defended well, but England scored two tries and a conversion and were leading 0–8 at half time. After the break, the French played with "dash and spirit", repeatedly coming close to scoring until, with 20 minutes to go, <mask> chased a long kick from Lesieur and scored a try, which went unconverted.For the final ten minutes, with an injury to Lane, France held on with fourteen men on the field. The French press was delighted not to have witnessed another crushing defeat, comparing the result with England's recent score of 11–6 against Wales. As well as having improved in the ability to play the game, the fitness of the players was much improved, and they were able to keep going right to the end. The annihilation anticipated for the second half did not come, with each side scoring three points, Guillemin amongst the best of the French forwards. Final seasons: 1910–12

For the trials match between the Probables and the Possibles on 18 December 1910 at Colombes, Guillemin played for the Probables and was then selected for France. G. Neumeyer writing in la Culture physique, considered that the selectors had made the right choice of XV, with the exception of Guillemin. In his opinion, it was deplorable that he should be selected, noting his "remarkable brutality", proof of which he demonstrated in the trials match, and that he ought to be thrown out of the national team for all time.Reichel in Le Figaro agreed that <mask>'s play was more violent than effective and would have preferred the selection of Berneron, who did "great work" for the Possibles. Guillemin was a member of the team that beat Scotland at Colombes in 1911 and won France's first victory in the Five Nations. After all the previous French losses to the Home Nations teams, the Scottish were favourites to win, and France's unexpected win was considered a great occasion by the French press. It proved a reversal of the defeats, accompanied with humiliating press commentary which suggested that the French were too idle and debauched to produce a team worthy of their British opponents. After unexpectedly winning the match against Scotland, France played England at Twickenham on 28 January and suffered "the most humiliating of defeats". The Observer noted the speed of the French players, which caused the English some trouble, but there was a lack of cohesion in the midfield. The fullback, Dutour, was singled out as the best French player, whose kicking saved the French repeatedly, while in the forwards, Guillemin was especially noted for his defending.On 28 February, 20,000 spectators, a huge crowd for French rugby, turned out to watch the game against Wales. Although the Welsh went on to win 0–15, with three converted tries, they were prevented from scoring in the first half. They were clearly the better team, but the French played with greater passion. Once again, while Neumeyer praised the French forwards, he singled out Guillemin for criticism, creating an imbalance in the French scrum. The Chronique de la Jeunesse, however, highlights Guillemin's dribbling with the ball. Nevertheless, for the final international match of the season against Ireland, <mask> was dropped from the team, with approval from Reichel, although he nevertheless travelled to Cork as a replacement. Guillemin was selected for an international match between the best of London and the best of Paris, played at Stade de France on 12 March.Reichel disapproved of <mask>'s selection and suggested the Parisian front row was rather weak. In the event, London won 17–21 in an end-to-end contest, in which both sides scored five tries, but London managed to convert three, while Paris only one. <mask>'s final plaudit came as part of the team that played Stade Toulousain in the final of the Championnat de France, and finished runner-up. Although favourites to win and leading 0–6 at half time, the visitors were narrowly beaten 8–6. International appearances

Military service and death
Guillemin joined the  as a lieutenant. While on a photographic reconnaissance mission over Bois le Prêtre in Belleville sur Meuse, he was killed on 18 August 1915. See also
 List of international rugby union players killed in action during the First World War

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
<mask> profile on ffr.fr

1886 births
1915 deaths
France international rugby union players
French rugby union players
French Army officers
French military personnel killed in World War I
Sportspeople from Loir-et-Cher
Racing 92 players

masks:
Pierre Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Guillemin
Pierre Guillemin


title: Gaius Sallustius Passienus Crispus

texts:
<mask> was a prominent figure in the Roman Empire during the first century. He held the consulship twice, and was stepfather of the future emperor Nero. Background
Suetonius reports that Passienus was born at Visellium, an obscure town whose location has been lost. He was the grandson of <mask>, consul in 4 BC. His father, who died in AD 21, was a grandnephew of the historian <mask> (Sallust), who had no children of his own, and therefore adopted his sister's grandson as his heir. The elder Passienus assumed his uncle's names, in accordance with Roman custom, and in turn these names were passed to his son. Early career
Passienus was a regular pleader in the court of the Centumviri, which met in the Basilica Julia.Suetonius mentions a statue of Passienus, which had been set up in the Basilica. He made his first speech in the senate during the reign of Tiberius, whom he addressed politely, and whose favour he won, although Suetonius maintains that the emperor's praise was insincere. Passienus was consul for the first time in AD 27, being named suffectus from the Kalends of July, as the colleague of Publius Cornelius Lentulus, and serving out the remainder of the year. Despite his rank and wealth, Passienus affected a humble manner in order to remain in favour with the emperors. During the reign of Caligula, he accompanied the emperor on his travels, following on foot as a token of subservience. Caligula is said to have asked him once, in private, if Passienus had ever had intercourse with his own sister, as he himself had done. Realizing that answering either in the affirmative or the negative might be dangerous, Passienus replied, "not yet", thereby avoiding the emperor's displeasure.Connections with the imperial family
Passienus' wife, Domitia, was the sister of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, and thus the sister-in-law of Agrippina. Domitia's first husband, Decimus Haterius Agrippa, consul in AD 22, had died in 32 after advocating the condemnation of Lucius Fulcinius Trio and Publius Memmius Regulus, the feuding consuls of the previous autumn, thus drawing the public ire on himself. Passienus married Domitia the following year, and became the stepfather of Quintus Haterius Antoninus, who would become consul under Claudius in AD 53. Shortly after his accession in 41, the emperor Claudius asked Passienus to divorce his wife, and marry Agrippina, for her husband Domitius Ahenobarbus had recently died. Agrippina was a sister of Caligula, and had married a man with a reputation for needless cruelty, who had nearly been put to death by Tiberius, and been saved only by the emperor's death. She herself had been exiled by Caligula in AD 39, due to her supposed involvement in a plot against the emperor, with her brother-in-law and alleged paramour, Marcus Aemilius Lepidus. After her husband's death, Caligula had seized the inheritance that rightfully belonged Agrippina's young son, Lucius.Caligula was assassinated shortly thereafter, and his uncle, Claudius, eager to restore the appearance of respectability to the imperial family, recalled Agrippina from exile, restored her son's inheritance, and hoped to provide her with a worthy husband. Domitia was also the emperor's cousin, but it was more important to rehabilitate Agrippina's image, so Passienus acquiesced to Claudius' wishes, divorcing Domitia and becoming the husband of Agrippina, as well as the stepfather of the future emperor Nero. Downfall and legacy
For the term June 42 through June 43, the sortition selected Passienus proconsular governor of Asia. Ronald Syme once described this office as "of the highest dignity in the senatorial career." Then in 44, Passienus was consul for the second time, but this time as consul ordinary, with Titus Statilius Taurus as his colleague. His second consulship was a special honour, but partly symbolic, as he was expected to resign before the expiration of six months, and probably did so on the Ides of January. He was followed by Publius Pomponius Secundus, who held the fasces with Statilius until the Kalends of July.By now, Passienus was the most prosperous of men: twice consul, the grandson of a consul, the heir of Sallust, he had twice married into the imperial family. His fortune was valued at two hundred million sestertii. He was persuaded by Agrippina to name her as his heir; this proved to be his undoing, for he died by his wife's treachery, probably poisoned, about AD 47. This would not be the end of Agrippina's villainy, for Claudius' wife, Messalina, correctly perceiving the threat from Agrippina, attempted to have Lucius assassinated, in order to ensure the succession of Britannicus, her own son by the emperor. The attempt failed, and, after procuring Passienus' death, Agrippina worked to bring about the downfall of Messalina. She then seduced her uncle, the emperor, becoming his wife, and persuaded Claudius to adopt Lucius, naming him his heir in preference to his own son. Agrippina then procured the emperor's death, placing her son, now the emperor Nero, on the throne; he soon disposed of Britannicus.Agrippina met her end in 59, when Nero had her murdered. Her predecessor, Domitia, died later that year, and there was a rumour that Nero had poisoned her as well. <mask> <mask> was an intelligent, humble, and witty person, famous for his epigram to the effect "that the world never knew a better slave, nor a worse master", referring to the future emperor <mask> (Caligula) and his grandfather, Tiberius. See also
 Passiena gens

Notes

References

Bibliography
 Publius Cornelius Tacitus, Annales. <mask> Tranquillus, De Vita Caesarum (Lives of the Caesars, or The Twelve Caesars), De Viris Illustribus (Lives of Famous Men), "Vita Passienus Crispus" (The Life of Passienus Crispus). Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus (Cassius Dio), Roman History. Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, Prosopographia Imperii Romani (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated PIR), Berlin (1898).Paul A. Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", in Classical Quarterly, vol. 28, pp. 407–426 (1978). 47 deaths
Ancient Roman adoptees
Ancient Roman murder victims
Family of Nero
Suffect consuls of Imperial Rome
Imperial Roman consuls
Roman governors of Asia
Husbands of Agrippina the Younger
Poisoned Romans
Passienus <mask>, Gaius
Year of birth unknown

masks:
Gaius Sallustius Passienus Crispus
Lucius Passienus Rufus
Gaius Sallustius Crispus
Gaius Passienus
Crispus
Gaius
Gaius Suetonius
Crispus


title: 12th Planet (musician)

texts:
John Dadzie (born June 7, 1982), better known by his stage names <mask> and Infiltrata, is an American dubstep producer and DJ hailing from Los Angeles. Biography
Born John Dadzie, he grew up in South Los Angeles, the youngest of four children. He was first introduced to the electronic music scene in high school. After forming Imperial Recordings with DJ Lith, he launched his production skills on his own terms, originally producing drum and bass under the alias Infiltrata. In 2006, he decided that he was going to make dubstep. It was then that his new alias 12th Planet was created, in reference to Zecharia Sitchin's book, 12th Planet. All production under the name 12th Planet is original.As one of the first individuals to bring the dubstep culture to America (in one of the USA's electronic meccas, Los Angeles) 12th Planet has frequently been cited as the General of the Riddim Gang. 12th Planet worked frequently with Orange County producer Flinch and LA Local Skrillex (on tracks "Needed Change" And "Burst" Along with Kill The Noise). He has also collaborated with various dubstep producers including Datsik, Doctor P, Plastician, Virtual Riot and Skream. Many well-known dubstep DJs (such as Rusko, Skream, Skrillex and more) use 12th Planet's productions and remixes in their live DJ sets. As a DJ, <mask> Planet has toured globally in London, Sydney, Auckland, and across the US. He has also played at many American dance festivals such as Electric Daisy Carnival, Together As One, SXSW, Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival, Ultra Music Festival, Nocturnal, and Beyond Wonderland. He is represented by AM Only, one of the largest agencies in the electronic music industry.In 2007, 12th Planet helped in the re-launch and re-branding of SMOG Records, which was previously an event production company, and has since been its head. In 2009, 12th Planet was listed as one of URB.com's "Next 100", and had a special feature in their 25 Now! supplemental issue. 2010 marked the release of his music video for "Reasons", presented by Scion A/V, which was premiered and cycled on MTV 2. Diplo's label Mad Decent included 12th Planet's remix of Little Jinder's "Youth Blood" on their dubstep compilation "Blow Your Head", released in November. 12th Planet has also been described by Skrillex as Skrillex's Mentor at a show at Ultra Music

12th Planet finished in 20th place in the 2013 America's Best DJ competition-a vote and promotion to find out the country's most popular DJ conducted by DJ Times magazine and Pioneer DJ. In 2017, he signed with Myro and Dodge & Fuski's Disciple Recordings, becoming the head of the sub-label Disciple Round Table.Discography

Albums
 2012 SMOG 023 - The End Album

Extended plays
 2008 RedVolume - 28 Hours Later EP
 2008 SMOG 001 - Smokescreen EP
 2008 SMOG 002 - Ptera Patrick EP
 2008 BASSHEAD 001 - Control EP (with Emu)
 2008 SMOG 004 - 68 / Be Blatant EP
 2008 Subconscious Recordings - Spliff Politics EP
 2008 Argon - Element 16 (Sulfur) EP
 2008 Noppa Recordings - Tonka EP
 2009 10 Bag Records - C-Sick / Are Ya Feelin EP (with Emu)
 2009 SMOG 005 - Texx Mars EP (with Datsik)
 2010 Bullet Train Records - Reasons EP
 2012 SMOG Records - The End Is Near EP
 2013 SMOG 035 - Transitions EP (with Protohype)
 2016 SMOG 074 - Gully Squad EP
 2017 Disciple Recordings - Let Us Prey EP
 2018 Disciple Recordings - Swamplex Terrestrial EP
2019 Disciple Recordings - Swamplex ExtraTerrestrial EP
2020 Disciple Recordings - Swamplex: Next Level EP

Singles
 2011 SMOG 007 - Westside Dub (with Plastician)
 2011 Dub Police - Purple & Gold (with Antiserum)
 2011 SMOG 009 - Lootin 92 (with SPL)
 2011 SMOG 011 - Who Are We? - Sunshine (12th Planet Remix) [Interscope]
 2010 MSTRKRFT - Heartbreaker (12th Planet and Flinch Remix)
 2011 Skrillex featuring Penny - All I Ask of You (12th Planet Remix)
 2011 Echo Park - Fiber Optic (12th Planet and Flinch Remix)
 2012 Foreign Beggars featuring Donae'o - Flying To Mars (12th Planet's Martian Trapstep Remix) [mau5trap]
 2012 Dirtyphonics - Dirty (12th Planet Remix) [Dim Mak]
 2013 Felguk - Slice & Dice (12th Planet Remix)
 2013 Pretty Lights - Go Down Sunshine (12th Planet Remix)
 2016 Pegboard Nerds - Heartbit (12th Planet Remix)
 2018 What So Not  and San Holo featuring Daniel Johns - If You Only Knew (12th Planet Remix)
 2019 Excision and Sullivan King - Wake Up (12th Planet remix)
 2021 AC Slater and Bleu Clair featuring Kate Wild - Green Light (12th Planet Remix)

Other appearances
 2010 Dubsteppers for Haiti Volume 3
 2010 SMOG Scion CD Sampler V.30

As featured artist
 2010 Skrillex - "Needed Change" from the release Skrillex Presents Free Treats Volume 001. 2011 Skrillex - "Right On Time" (collaboration with Skrillex and Kill the Noise) from the EP Bangarang. 2011 Korn - "Way Too Far" (featured with Kill the Noise) from the album The Path of Totality. 2013 Protohype - "Like This" (collaboration with Protohype) from the EP Speak No Evil. References

External links
 12th Planet interview with U:Move, October 06, 2011

American DJs
American electronic musicians
Breakbeat musicians
Dubstep musicians
Trap musicians (EDM)
Remixers
Ableton Live users
Living people
1982 births
Electronic dance music DJs


title: Isabel Briggs Myers

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; October 18, 1897 – May 5, 1980) was an American writer and co-creator with her mother, <mask>, of a personality inventory known as the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and based on theories of Carl Jung. Background
<mask> grew up in Washington, D.C. where she was home-schooled by her mother, <mask>. Her father, Lyman J<mask>, worked as a research physicist. <mask> had little formal schooling up until she attended Swarthmore College, where she studied political science. During her time at the college she met Clarence "Chief" <mask> who was studying law. The two married in 1918 and were together until his death in 1980. When <mask> died in 1980 she left the copyright to the MBTI (which was little known at the time) to her son Peter.MBTI personality indicator

<mask> implemented the ideas of Carl Jung and added her own insights. She then created a paper survey which would eventually become the MBTI. The test was to assess personality type and was fully developed after 20 years of research by <mask> with her mother and thousands of others. In the 21st century, research into this instrument is still being put into action with dozens of articles written per year. The questionnaire is meant to help people realize their "best fit type", the personality type that will help them succeed most in life. The three original pairs of preferences in Jung's typology are Extraversion and Introversion, Sensing and Intuition, and Thinking and Feeling. After studying them, <mask> added a fourth pair, Judging and Perceiving.Extraversion or Introversion: refers to where and how one directs his or her attention and energy – on people and things in the outer world, or alone in the inner world
 Sensing or Intuition: refers to how one prefers to deal with information – by focusing on the basic information, or by interpreting and adding meaning
 Thinking or Feeling: refers to decision making – objectively, using logic and consistency, or subjectively, considering other people and special circumstances
 Judging or Perceiving: refers to how one interacts with the outer world – with a preference towards getting things decided, or for staying open to new information and options

Influences
In the July 1980 edition of MBTI News, <mask> attributed another reason for creating the MBTI to her marriage to <mask>. Their differences in psychological type (she was an INFP and he was an ISTJ) inspired her mother, Katharine <mask>, to keep studying differences among people and their actions. Her mother had come upon the work of Carl Gustav Jung and introduced it to her daughter who then started studying the psychological types. When World War II began, <mask> wanted to help reduce conflict among people, and to help them understand each other instead of harming and killing each other. She observed that some people also hated their jobs in the military and she wanted to understand their experience. In 1945, the dean of the George Washington School of Medicine allowed <mask> and her mother to apply the MBTI to first-year undergraduates. This included about 5,500 students and <mask> studied it for years by looking at patterns among dropouts and successful students.<mask> was also influenced by her father, Lyman J<mask>. As the director of the Bureau of Standards in Washington at the time that <mask> was developing the MBTI, he was a devoted research physicist. Growing up in an environment that cultivated a passion for research allowed <mask> to consider the prospect fun and exciting, which eventually led to her interest in personality and the creation of the type indicator. Fiction
In 1928, she responded to a magazine advertisement for a National Detective Murder Mystery Contest by writing a novel titled Murder Yet to Come. Her novel won the contest and was published serially in 1929. It applies her ideas about personality type to a murder mystery. The contest prize included a $7,500 cash award and a contract for a second work of fiction.<mask> fulfilled her obligation by writing the novel Give Me Death, which revisits the same detectives from Murder Yet to Come. In it, a Southern family commits suicide one by one after learning they may have "Negro blood". The novel was published in 1934 and received harsh treatment from critics. Application
In 1962, the Educational Testing Service published the MBTI for research-only purposes. In 1975, 1977 and 1979, three national MBTI conferences were held at the University of Florida, Michigan State University, and Philadelphia respectively. In 1975, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. published the MBTI as a tool for helping people. In the 2000s, the MBTI is now taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages.Legacy

CAPT
In 1975, <mask> co-founded the Center for Application of Psychological Type with Mary McCaulley. CAPT is a non-profit organization which maintains research and application of the MBTI. It also exists to protect and promote Briggs Myers' ideology. Its headquarters are in Gainesville, Florida and its motto is "Fostering human understanding through training, publishing, and research". Memorial research awards
The <mask> Briggs Myers Memorial Research Awards exist to further MBTI and psychological research. These awards are given twice a year. They consist of $2,000 for up to two people.They are rewarded for advancements in understanding of these topics to focus on continuous research in the field. Publications
 <mask>, I. (1980, 1995) Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type. Davies-Black Publishing, U.S. Gifts Differing is written by <mask> with her son, <mask> <mask>. It is about human personality and how it affects several aspects of life such as career, marriage, and meaning of life. It speaks about all sixteen personality types.<mask>, I. (1990) Introduction to Type: A Description of the Theory and Applications of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Center for Applications of Psychological Type Inc.
 <mask>, I. and McCaulley, M. (1985) Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Consulting Psychologists Press. <mask>, I. (1995) Murder Yet to Come. Center for Applications of Psychological Type Inc.

Further reading
Saunders, F. W. (1991), Katharine and <mask>: Mother's Light, Daughter's Journey, Davies-Black Publishing, U.S.  (biography of <mask> and her mother)

References

External links
 Profiles of <mask> and her mother on the Myers & Briggs Foundation website
 "The Remarkable Story of the MBTI: How Two Unlikely Theorists Created the World’s Most Popular Personality Test"
 "The Story of <mask> <mask>" on the Center for Applications of Psychological Type website
 Myers Briggs 16 Personality Types Profiles

1897 births
1980 deaths
American mystery novelists
Swarthmore College alumni
Personality typologies
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
Women mystery writers
American women novelists

masks:
Isabel Briggs Myers
Isabel Briggs
Katharine Cook Briggs
Isabel Briggs Myers
Katharine Cook Briggs
. Briggs
Briggs
Gates Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Clarence Myers
Cook Briggs
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
. Briggs
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Isabel
Myers
Isabel
Peter Briggs
Myers
Myers
Myers
Myers
Isabel
Briggs Myers
Briggs Myers
Isabel Briggs
Myers


title: Dan Phillips

texts:
<mask> is an American designer and builder from Texas. He is the founder and face of Phoenix Commotion, a construction company established in 1997. Phoenix Commotion focuses on designing Eco-friendly homes for low-income individuals and families such as struggling artists and single mothers. The company’s goals include reducing landfill burdens through the use of excess and recyclable materials; providing low-income housing through selection of cheap materials and labor; and allowing opportunities for the unemployed by training unskilled workers. As a for-profit organization, Phoenix Commotion hopes to show the financial and ethical benefits of sustainable building and challenge current standard building codes and building methods, which favor the use of raw materials. Background

<mask> grew up in Littleton, Colorado. He is the youngest of three children to <mask>, a former lumber company owner and Phoebe, a homemaker (died in 1979).<mask> undertook a master's degree in dance at Sam Houston State University. In 1969 <mask> married wife Marsha <mask>, a formal high school teacher, they have two children Ian and Phoebe. Previously <mask> worked as an intelligence officer in the U.S. Army, and as a college dance instructor (during the 1970s), an antiques dealer/restorer (1983) and an organized cryptogram puzzle maker. In 1997 <mask> and his wife mortgaged their family home to establish the construction company Phoenix Commotion, based from Huntsville, Texas. <mask> is a self-taught carpenter, electrician and plumber  and has no formal training in design or construction. Phoenix Commotion
As of 2009 the company had constructed 14 homes in Huntsville, Texas. They ensure all homes meet local building codes and are approved by qualified engineers, electricians and plumbers.The staffs include unskilled laborers who are trained on site and encouraged to apply for higher paying jobs once sound skills are acquired. The home’s eventual residents also provide additional labor in the majority of projects as a way of saving costs during construction and post construction, as skills can assist in the future maintenance of the home. Home designs are typically smaller home projects (240 square-feet per person), with preferred minimal landscaping techniques such as xeriscaping and simplified interior features such as no carpet, vinyl, dishwasher, garbage disposer, trash compactor, separate dining room and large bedrooms. All features of the home opt for environmental alternatives such as tank-less water heaters and the toilet and washing machine being fed with rainwater from a cistern. Phoenix commotion is partnered with a certified non-profit organization called Living Paradigm, Houston. Living Paradigm with The Phoenix Fund, assists homesteaders financially start building their homes by serving as interim financing for land, building permits, construction materials that must be purchased new, such as structural lumber, plumbing and electrical supplies. Payments on homes constructed range from $99 to $300 a month.In numerous cases homeowners have been unable to sustain payments, leading to the homes being lost to foreclosure and resold. The majority of potential buyers include middle-class individuals who value the homes unique design and energy efficiency. Materials and Design Strategies

Phoenix Commotion homes are built from 70 - 80% of materials that have been recovered from other construction projects. The home's design specifics depend on the materials and resources available at the time. <mask> uses discipline, orderly design and the concept of repetition to create pattern and unity to resolve designs and avoid a ‘bodged’ aesthetic. <mask> also uses building methods from third world countries as inspiration for his projects. Huntsville City Officials supported the local company in 2004 by opening Trash into Plowshares (TIP), a drop off warehouse for surplus materials from builders, demolition crews and building product manufactures.The arrangement is tax deductible for contributors as supplies are used exclusively by charitable groups or for low-income housing. Other local towns including Houston and Indianapolis are setting up similar systems and engaging in discussions to learn new recycling techniques and applications. Recycled materials that have been used in previous projects include:
Plywood
Mismatched bricks
Ceramic Tiles
Shattered mirrors
Bottle butts
Wine corks
Old DVDs
Bones
License plates
Crystal platters
Cans

Projects

Victorian House

Victorian House was the first house built by Phoenix Commotion. The home is inspired by the "Painted Ladies" of San Francisco. Features salvaged materials such as the double front door and the entire kitchen, including appliances. Some features in the home are constructed from organic materials, for example, hickory nuts, chicken eggs functioning as architectural buttons on the corbel for the turret,  and a bathtub made from recycled wood. Tree House

The Tree House is built in a Bois d'arc tree thirty-five feet above Huntsville's Town Creek in Huntsville, Texas.The tree house space has a multipurpose function. It was designed with many proposals in mind, being an attachment to the main house, a rent-able studio for artists. The ceiling is covered with discarded frame samples from a frame shop. It includes high electrical capacity for sculptors, mirrors for dancers, windows bringing in natural light for painters, and a sink. Budweiser House

The construction of the Budweiser House was based on the American ‘Budweiser Beer’. The external facade of the house has been produced based on the color scheme and the pattern of the beer bottle. The bathroom walls encapsulate a circular design stemming from the bathtub, just like bubbles that surface in a beer, and the tap handles for the bath are made from beer taps.Media

Phoenix Commotion has featured internationally on programs such as TED Talks International, Associated French Press, Japan – Muri, Italy Home Wellness, Germany – TV, Ireland – The Eco Ezine and China Beijing News. See also

John Dewey
Friedrich Nietzsche
Ecological restoration
Ecological design
Sustainable design
Vernacular architecture
Tiny house movement
Alternative housing

External Reading

John Dewey. 1959. Art as Experience. Capricorn Books, New York
Friedrich Nietzsche.1883. The Birth of Tragedy. Penguin Classics Books (Penguin edition 1993)
Larry Haun.2008. Habitat for Humanity: How to Build a House, Revised and Updated. The Taunton Press Inc, Newtown CT
Ferrell, Jeff. 2005. Salvage Operation: A study of Social Criminology. NYU Press, New York

References

People from Huntsville, Texas
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Littleton, Colorado
American designers

masks:
Dan Phillips
Phillips
George Phillips
Phillips
Dan Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips


title: Santiago Segura

texts:
<mask> (born 17 July 1965) is a Spanish filmmaker and actor, best known for  his Torrente film series. He also worked to a lesser extent as a TV presenter, voice actor and comic book writer, as well as being a collector of original comic books. At 12, he began making films with a Super-8 camera, and, after a recommendation from Fernando Trueba, began to make films in 35 mm, funded by his appearances in TV game shows. Fame would come with his first feature, Torrente, el brazo tonto de la ley, to be followed by numerous sequels that would make it the highest grossing Spanish film series. Life and career
<mask> was born in the Carabanchel neighbourhood in Madrid. After studying Arts at the Complutense University of Madrid, he decided to pursue a career as a filmmaker and in 1989 he directed the short Relatos de medianoche with a budget of 7000 pesetas (around US$50). In 1992 he went on to direct his first professional short Evilio, followed with Perturbado in 1993.Segura is a recurring protagonist in the works of directors Alex de la Iglesia and Guillermo del Toro. In 1993, he had a small role in Alex de la Iglesia's film Acción mutante. Two years later, he starred in El día de la Bestia, from the same director and that role made him famous in Spain. In 1998 he directed the film that brought him to stardom, Torrente: El brazo tonto de la ley (1998), in which he also acted as the lead character José Luis Torrente, a sleazy crime-fighter. Its popularity led to a sequel (Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella) and a computer game (Torrente: El juego). Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella made €22,838,500 at the Spanish box office, becoming the highest grossing Spanish film of all time. Torrente 3: El protector, the third film in the series, was released in September 2005.Its advertising campaign parodied Batman Begins, using the phrase "Torrente Acabado" ("Torrente Finished"). Although he declared Torrente 3: El protector would be the last of the Torrente series, Torrente 4 was released in 2011. In 2010, he played the title role in El gran Vázquez, based on the life of the legendary cartoonist/wastrel Manuel Vázquez Gallego. In 2014 he released Torrente V: Operación Eurovegas with Alec Baldwin as guest star, and was the top release of 2014 in Spain. He has since made his way into American culture by making appearances in movies such as Pacific Rim, Hellboy, Hellboy II: The Golden Army and Blade II (all of them by Del Toro), Perdita Durango (by De la Iglesia), Jack and Jill and Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London. He has also dubbed video games to Spanish, like Jack Black's role in Brütal Legend. Because of his success, <mask> has become a producer.He owns Amiguetes Entertainment company, he is associated with the theater in Estación del Norte in Madrid, and has produced Promedio rojo (2004) (featuring Nicolás López) and Aquí mando yo... y punto com. In 2018 he appeared in the third season of MasterChef Celebrity. He was the 10th contestant to be eliminated. Filmography

As Filmmaker

Film
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Work !! Director !!Writer !! Producer !! (2000) .... Cyrille Léotard
 Obra maestra (2000) .... Benito Cañaveras
 Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella (2001, actor, writer, director and producer) .... Torrente
 Girl from Rio (2001) .... Paulo
 Manolito Gafotas en ¡Mola ser jefe! (2001) .... Himself (uncredited)
 Blade II (2002) .... Rush
 Asesino en serio (2002, co-producer) .... Padre Gorkisolo
 Zero/infinito (2002) .... (voice)
 El oro de Moscú (2003) .... Íñigo Fuentes
 Beyond Re-Animator (2003) .... Speedball
 Tiptoes (2003) .... Motel Manager
 Una de zombis (2003, actor and producer) .... Padre Pelayo / Entrecot / Himself
 Noin (2003) ....Himself
 Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004) .... <mask>
 Hellboy (2004) .... Train Driver
 Isi Disi (2004) .... Isi
 Promedio rojo (2004, producer) .... Doctor
 Di que sí (2004) .... Oscar Vázquez
 El asombroso mundo de Borjamari y Pocholo (2004, actor and producer) .... Borjamari
 Torrente 3: El protector (2005, actor, writer, director and producer) .... Torrente
 Bienvenido a casa (2006)
 La máquina de bailar (2006) .... Johnny
 Isi & Disi, alto voltaje (2006) .... Isi
 Ekipo Ja (2007) .... <mask>gura
 Asterix at the Olympic Games (2008) .... Docteurmabus
 Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008) .... Distinguished Buyer
 Manolete (2008) .... Guillermo
 King Shot (2009)
 Tensión sexual no resuelta (2010) .... Hacker (uncredited)
 The Last Circus (2010) .... Padre-Payaso tonto
 El gran Vázquez (2010) .... Vázquez
 Torrente 4: Lethal Crisis (2011) .... Torrente
 Koma (2011) .... Vendedor
 Jack and Jill (2011) .... Eduardo (uncredited)
 As Luck Would Have It (2011) .... David Solar
 Pa' Habbo (2011)
 El Chef (2012) .... Juan
 Pacific Rim (2013) .... Wizened Man
 Gente en sitios (2013)
 Witching & Bitching (2013) .... Miren
 Torrente V: Operación Eurovegas (2014) .... Torrente
 Pos eso (2014) .... Damián / Obispo / Satán (voice)
 Rey Gitano (2015) .... Conde de Segura
 The Strain (2015, TV Series) .... Evil Boxing Coach
 My Big Night (2015) .... Benítez
 Wild Oats (2016) .... Carlos
 The Queen of Spain (2016) .... Castillo
 Herederos de la bestia (2016)
 Casi leyendas (2017) .... Axel
 You Only Live Once (2017) .... Tobías López
 Los resucitados (2017) .... Don Lorenzo, Conde de Evilio
 Sin Rodeos (2018)
 Padre no hay más que uno'' (2019) .... Javier

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1965 births
Male actors from Madrid
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Living people
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male comedians
Spanish stand-up comedians
Spanish film directors
20th-century Spanish male actors
21st-century Spanish male actors

masks:
Santiago Segura Silva
Santiago
Santiago Segura
Santiago
Santiago Se


title: Larry O. Spencer

texts:
<mask>'<mask> (born 1 August 1954) is a retired United States Air Force general who served in many command, comptroller, and leadership roles during the course of his career. Some of his leadership roles included being the  Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, commander of the 75th Air Base Wing at Hill AFB, commander of the 72nd Support Group at Tinker AFB, and the commander of the 4th Comptroller Squadron at Seymour Johnson AFB. He retired 1 October 2015 after more than 44 years of service. He received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Personal life
<mask> was born in Washington, D.C. on 1 August 1954. He later moved with his family to Seat Pleasant in Prince George's County, Maryland, a suburb just outside Washington. <mask> attended Central High School in Prince George's County, where he participated in academic and varsity sports programs that helped him develop leadership and personal discipline.<mask> is married to <mask> <mask>. Together they have three children; <mask>'neil <mask> II, Derrick Lajuane <mask> (married to <mask>), and Shannon Christine <mask> (married to Michael Watson). Enlisted service
In 1971, <mask> walked into a recruiting office in Suitland, Maryland and signed up for the Air Force. His first job as an airman was as an administrative clerk at Pope Air Force Base in North Carolina. He was then sent to Taiwan, where he was promoted to airman first class. After his overseas assignment, the Air Force sent <mask> to Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri, a Strategic Air Command base. As <mask>’s period of enlistment came to an end, he was offered a football scholarship at Clemson University.However, he decided to re-enlist and focused his attention on getting his bachelor's degree while he continued to serve in the Air Force. He began taking weekend classes from Southern Illinois University. In 1979, he was awarded a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering technology. <mask> then applied and was accepted into Officer Training School. He finished the training program as a distinguished graduate and was commissioned a second lieutenant in February 1980. Air Force officer
As a second lieutenant, <mask> was assigned to the financial management career field. His first officer assignment in 1980 was as a cost analyst for the Air Force Reserve Command at Robins Air Force Base in Georgia.During that three-year tour <mask> served as the chief of the headquarters cost analysis branch. In 1982, he was transferred to the Pentagon. He served on the Air Staff for four years, first as a cost analyst and then a budget officer. In August 1986, <mask> was reassigned to Military Airlift Command headquarters at Scott Air Force Base in Illinois. He served three years there, first as a budget officer and then as an executive officer. He attended the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in Quantico, Virginia from July 1989 until January 1990. After graduating from that military education program, he was selected to his first command.<mask> was commander of the 4th Comptroller Squadron at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina for three years. During his tenure as commander, the 4th Comptroller Squadron was selected as the best comptroller unit in the Air Force, first in 1991 and then again in 1992. This was the first time a comptroller squadron had received best in the Air Force recognition two years in a row. In August 1993, <mask> was selected to attend the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at Fort Lesley J. McNair, receiving a Master of Science degree from the college in June 1994. This was followed by an assignment to the White House Military Office, where he was the first Air Force officer to serve as assistant chief of staff. <mask> was then selected for group command. He served as commander of the 72nd Support Group at Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma from August 1996 to January 1998.He was promoted to colonel during that assignment. As a result of his successful tour as a group commander, <mask> was selected for a wing command. He took command of the 75th Air Base Wing at Hill Air Force Base in Utah, serving there from February 1998 until July 1999. His next assignment was at Headquarters Air Combat Command at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia, where he served as the command’s comptroller from September 1999 until June 2003. Flag rank service
<mask> was transferred to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio in June 2003, where he became director of mission support at Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command. In this role, <mask> was responsible for overseeing installation support for the command. This included civil engineering, communications, force protection, and base morale and welfare services.These functions supported daily operations at 10 installations across the United States. <mask> was promoted to brigadier general in July 2004. In August 2005, he was transferred to the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center at Tinker Air Force Base, where he served as the center’s vice commander for one year. In August 2006, <mask> returned to the Pentagon to serve as director of budget operations and personnel in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller. In August 2007, he was promoted to major general. He became the Air Force’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget in October of that year. During his tour as deputy assistant secretary for budget, <mask> received the Eugene M. Zuckert Management Award.The award cited his leadership in developing the President's 2008 budget and his work to secure the 2007 and 2008 supplemental appropriations needed to fund war operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. During this period, <mask> also served on the Army and Air Force Exchange Service board of directors and the Air Force Aid Society board of directors. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general in April 2010, prior to moving to the Pentagon’s Joint Staff as director of Force Structure, Resources and Assessment (also known as "J8"). In this position, he was responsible for overseeing the developing defense weapon systems, conducting studies and analysis of military force structure and requirements, and evaluating military programs and resourcing strategies for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. <mask> also served as chairman of the Joint Capabilities Board and secretary for the Joint Requirements Oversight Council. In 2010, US Black Engineer and Information Technology Magazine honored <mask> with the Black Engineer of the Year Career Achievement in Government Award. On 11 May 2012, the President nominated <mask> for promotion to general and recommended him for appointment as Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.The United States Senate confirmed his nomination and appointment as Vice Chief on 24 May 2012. He was officially promoted to four-star general 27 July 2012, the same day he assumed the duties of Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. As Vice Chief of Staff, <mask> directs the Air Staff and is the Air Force’s representative on the Joint Requirements Oversight Council and several other joint service boards. He also assists the Chief of Staff of the Air Force with the organizing, training, and equipping of 690,000 active-duty, Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, and civilian personnel who make up the United States Air Force. <mask> retired from the Air Force on 1 October 2015. Post-military career
After retiring from the Air Force in 2015, <mask> became president of the Air Force Association. In that position, he oversees the association's professional staff and manages the organization’s day-to-day operations.He is also the publisher of Air Force Magazine, the association’s professional journal. Under his leadership, the Air Force Association set records for membership growth and revenue generation. In 2019, Spenser left the Air Force Association. The following year, he became president of the Armed Forces Benefit Association and 5Star Life Insurance Company. <mask> has been a member of the Whirlpool Corporation board of director since 2016, and as of 2021, he is also a member of the board of directors for Triumph Group and Haynes International. In addition, he is a distinguished senior fellow of University of Pennsylvania’s Fels Institute of Government and a member of the Defense Business Board, a group that provides the Secretary of Defense with independent private sector advice on business management related issues. Legacy
There are two Air Force awards named in <mask>'s honor.In June 2015, the Air Force created an award to recognize innovation and efficiency within the Service, naming it in honor of <mask>. The General <mask><mask> Innovation Award is an outgrowth of two programs <mask> created as Vice Chief of Staff, The Make Every Dollar Count and Airmen Powered by Innovation programs encouraged airmen bring new ideas into Air Force operations, helping to create a culture of innovation throughout the Air Force. The Air Force also presents, the General <mask> Special Acts and Services Award. <mask> is the author of two books. His first book is titled The Green Eyeshades of War. Published in 2016, it is a history of military financial management during war time. His second book is an autobiography titled Dark Horse, published in 2021.The following four sections are from this Public Domain source. Education
1979 Bachelor of Science in industrial engineering technology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
1980 Officer Training School (distinguished graduate), Lackland Air Force Base, Texas
1983 Squadron Officer School (distinguished graduate), Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
1987 Master of Science in business management, Webster College, St. Louis, Missouri
1990 Marine Corps Command and Staff College, Quantico, Virginia
1994 Master of Science in resource strategy (distinguished graduate), Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
2005 Logistics Technology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
2005 Black Sea Region Seminar, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
2007 Systems Acquisition Management Course, Defense Acquisition University, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
2011 Pinnacle, Joint, Coalition and Interagency Studies program, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. Awards and decorations
<mask>'s awards and decorations include:

Effective dates of promotion

 General <mask> served as a non-commissioned officer for around 9 years before receiving his commission in 1980. References

United States Air Force generals
Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force
Living people
People from Washington, D.C.
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1954 births
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
People from Seat Pleasant, Maryland

masks:
Larry O
neil Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Ora
Mae Spencer
Larry O
Spencer
Spencer
Gina Spencer
Spencer Watson
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Larry O
. Spencer
Spencer
Larry Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer


title: Michael Klien

texts:
<mask> (born 1973) is a choreographer and artist. His work is concerned with the theoretical and practical reworking of choreography and dance and its contribution to society. Kliën is acknowledged for his interdisciplinary thinking, critical writing, curatorial projects and choreographic works equally at home in the Performing as well as the Fine Arts. The most notable works include 'Einem' Ballett Frankfurt, 'Sediments of an Ordinary Mind' and 'Standing in Ink' for Daghdha Dance Company, 'Choreography for Blackboards' for Hayward Gallery, 'Slattery's Lamp' for IMMA's (Irish Museum of Modern Art) permanent collection, a solo-exhibition at IMMA and the publication of 'Books of Recommendations' – Choreography as an Aesthetics of Change'. Biography
Kliën was born in Hollbrunn, Austria and grew up in Vienna. He is the brother of composer and media artist <mask> and comedian <mask>. After early training in classical and modern dance in Vienna and New York he studied contemporary dance at the Laban Centre for Movement and Dance, London.Kliën co-founded Barriedale Operahouse a London-based performance collective (1994 until 2000) and the commercial live-events consultancy BOHI Ltd (1996 -1999). In 2003 he was appointed Artistic Director/CEO of Daghdha Dance Company (until 2011), Ireland. As the choreographer, curator and producer of numerous touring productions, installations, festivals and events and his work has been situated across the world. Co-founder of website Choreograph.net (2001) and a founding member of The Institute of Social Choreography (with Kliën's longterm collaborator Steve Valk) (2012). During his two years as a guest-choreographer at Ballett Frankfurt he also acted as artistic advisor to William Forsythe. He was awarded a PhD from Edinburgh College of Art in 2009 and regularly lecturers at various international institutions. He lives with his wife and daughter alternately in Greece and Ireland.Approaches to Choreography
Kliën understands choreography as an autonomous artistic discipline concerned with the workings and governance of patterns, dynamics and ecologies. The aim of this conception is to engage choreography's social potential to pursue sustainable orders of human relations (Social Choreography). According to Kliën 'choreography as an aesthetics of change' assumes the creative practice of setting relations, or setting the conditions for new relations to emerge. His 2002 definition "choreography as setting the conditions for things to happen" is frequently used amongst practitioners. A more elaborate definition, that he co-authored with writer Jeffrey Gormly in 2005, is cited increasingly in academia

Work
Kliën's choreographies are predominantly dance-based works of art, situated in galleries, museums or on stages. Visual art works often form part of his choreographic output and other works act directly upon the social sphere (Social Choreography). Initially his work was concerned with modelling and exploring structures of living-systems.After 2004 it shifted towards possible contributions choreography can make in the forming of society and the disclosure of reality through dance. His choreographies for dance are marked by a distinctive improvisation methodology and the subsequent movement aesthetic. Framemakers (2005- ) international public thinktank and lecture series
 Daghdha Space (2005-2011) conception, refurbishment, and curation of St. John's Church / Daghdha Space

Choreographic Methodology
Kliën developed a series of new choreographic methods including non-linear, distributed and dialogical procedures as well as improvisation methodologies for dance. Underlying these is a mapping procedure that allows dancers to embody their streams of consciousness in real time as well as Kliën's notion of 'Sedimenting', meaning the accumulation of selected movement material through learning in real-time as integral part of the choreography. Publications
 'ChoreoGraph –Non-Linear Choreography & Fluid Environments', M.Klien & N. Mortimore, Performance Research Journal, Vol. 4, No.2, 1999, Routledge, UK
 'Choreography – A Pattern Language', M. Klien, Kybernetics Journal Vol. 36 No.7/8, 2007, Emerald Publishers, UK
 'What Do You Choreograph At The End Of The World? ', M.Klien & S.Valk, Zodiak: Unden Taussin Taehen, 2007, Like, Finland
 'Book Of Recommendations –Choreography As An Aesthetics Of Change', M.Klien & S.Valk & J.Gormly, 2008, Daghdha, Ireland
'Framemakers: Choreography as an Aesthetics of Change', Gormly, J., (ed. ), 2008, Daghdha, Ireland
 'Choreographic Drawings', M. Kliën, Boulevard Magenta, Journal 6, 2009, IMMA, Ireland
 'Propositions: To Dance Differently, M. Kliën

References

External links
 Personal Homepage
 Facebook Page
 Video Documentation of Work
  Daghdha Archive
  Institute of Social Choreography
  Choreograph.net

1973 births
Austrian choreographers
Dancers from Vienna
Irish artists
Living people
Contemporary dance choreographers
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art

masks:
Michael Kliën
Volkmar Klien
Peter Klien


title: Mariam Dadiani

texts:
Mariam Dadiani (; born between 1599 and 1609; died 1682) was a daughter of <mask>, Prince of Mingrelia, by his second wife, Tamar Jaqeli. Thrice married, successively to Simon I Gurieli, Prince of Guria, in 1621, King Rostom of Kartli in 1638, and the latter's adopted son and successor, King Vakhtang V in 1658. Mariam's dynastic marriages were part of complex political relations in the successor states of the former Kingdom of Georgia. Her first marriage was disrupted by her half-brother Levan II <mask>, Prince of Mingrelia, in response to Simon Gurieli's patricidal coup. The second marriage, that with Rostom of Kartli, turned Mariam into an important figure in the contemporaneous Georgian politics. The wedding entourage was a thousands-strong army, which had to fight their way to Kartli against the forces of the principal opponent of the union, King George III of Imereti, an ally of Rostom's major foe, King Teimuraz I of Kakheti,

Beyond being a factor of rapprochement between Mingrelia and Kartli, Mariam, a devout Christian, acted as a protector of Georgian Christianity in lieu of her Muslim and religiously tolerant husband and helped relax religious tension in the country. At her request, the couple's wedding ceremony was held in a Christian rite.The queen had several churches repaired and restored and the medieval Georgian chronicles copied and compiled. Mariam's only child, born of her first marriage to Prince Gurieli, died young. The childless Rostom, anxious to secure the dynastic survival of the Bagrationi family under the protection of the Safavid empire of Iran, adopted the prince of Mukhrani, also of Bagrationi descent, who succeeded on his death as Vakhtang V and married the queen dowager <mask> as her third husband. She outlived Vakhtang and died aged over 70. She was buried with royal honors at the Cathedral of the Living Pillar at Mtskheta. Family background and first marriage
Mariam was a daughter of Manuchar I, reigning prince of Mingrelia of the Dadiani dynasty, by his second wife, Tamar Jaqeli, daughter of Kaikhosro II Jaqeli, Prince of Samtskhe. Levan II Dadiani, Manuchar's successor as Prince of Mingrelia, to whose political calculations Mariam's subsequent fate was closely tied, was her half-brother, born of Manuchar's first marriage to Nestan-Darejan, daughter of Alexander II of Kakheti.In 1621, Levan II arranged Mariam's marriage with Simon Gurieli, son of Mamia II Gurieli, Prince of Guria. Simon murdered his own father and seized control of Guria in 1625, prompting Levan to intervene militarily. Defeated and captured at Lanchkhuti, Simon lost his throne, sight, and family; Levan had him blinded, installed a loyal regime in Guria, and took Mariam and her son with him to Mingrelia. Simon kept in touch with his ex-wife and died as a monk at Jerusalem in 1672. Second marriage

A major turning point in Mariam's life came in 1638, when King Rostom of Kartli requested her hand in marriage. Rostom, a recent widower of around 70, was a Muslim Georgian, a natural son of the late king of Kartli, David XI (Daud-Khan). An influential courtier of the Safavid shahs of Iran, he had acceded to the throne of Kartli in 1633.His willingness to cooperate with his Safavid suzerains won for Kartli relative peace and a larger degree of autonomy. But Rostom's control otf Kartli was challenged by his deposed predecessor Teimuraz I, of the Kakhetian Bagrationi, who had spent decades fighting against the Iranian hegemony. In his quest of political allies, Rostom sent the diplomat and churchman Nikoloz Cholokashvili as a marriage broker to the Dadiani court. The union also furthered Levan II's desire to have King George III of Imereti, an in-law and ally of Rostom's arch-rival Teimuraz, in check. As a faithful vassal, Rostom consulted Shah Safi about the decision. The shah approved this strategic marital arrangement as it suited the Safavid interest to extend their influence over Mingrelia and, ultimately, to conquer Imereti, which was considered as its spheres of influence by the Ottoman Empire, then at war with Iran. Shah Safi sent wedding presents, paid Dadiani 50,000 marchil (about 1.5 tones of silver) and granted him an annual salary of 1,000 tumans (gold coins of 3 grams).The marriage preparations alarmed the Imeretians. The groom's party was a 30,000-strong army marching to meet Levan's heavily armed entourage. George III of Imereti blocked the border with Kartli, compelling Rostom's wedding suite to take a circuitous route via Akhaltsikhe, and intercepted Dadiani on his way to the marriage, but he was defeated and taken prisoner by Levan at the Kaka Bridge near Baghdati. The wedding was lavishly celebrated at Rostom's capital of Tbilisi. Rostom, an Iranian-raised Muslim known for his religious tolerance and determined to keep Kartli at peace and consolidate his hold of the country under the Safavid patronage, acceded to the request of his Christian bride and the ceremony was held in Christian rites, with the nominal ritual baptism of the king prior to the wedding, as reported by the Italian eyewitness, Don Pietro Avitabile. He further stresses that Rostom frequently crossed himself in Mariam's presence and attended the liturgy. Patronage of culture

The religious dichotomy of the court of Tbilisi added another, socio-cultural meaning to Rostom's political marriage to Mariam.Kartli, ruled by the Muslim king, whom his mostly Christian subjects accused of transplanting Iranian and Muslim customs into the country, acquired a patroness of the Christian church and culture. Acting with the consent and approval of Rostom, sometimes even independently of him, Mariam was able to reduce taxes levied on the church institutions and perishes, repair and refurnish the churches across eastern Georgia, including the Sioni church in Tbilisi, the patriarchal cathedral of the Living Pillar in Mtskheta, and the Alaverdi church in Kakheti. She was, however, unable to save her confessor, Catholicos Eudemus I, from Rostom's revenge; he was arrested and strangled in a prison cell in 1642 for having conspired with the exiled king Teimuraz to assassinate Rostom. Mariam also had the medieval Georgian chronicles, the Life of Kartli, copied, collated, and edited sometime between 1638 and 1645. The manuscript, known the Mariamiseuli ("Queen Mariam Variant"), was found in 1885 and represented, until the discovery of the 15th-century Anaseuli ("Queen Ana Variant") in 1913, the earliest known Georgian text of the Life of Kartli. Issue of succession
Rostom had no children of either of his marriages. Anxious to secure the dynastic continuity in Kartli, he first adopted Mariam's son of her first marriage to Gurieli, Prince Otia, who was married to a daughter of Zaal, Duke of Aragvi.The prince died in 1645 or 1646 (according to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, "the date 1646, found on his tomb at the Mcxet'a Cathedral, must be taken to refer to its erection and not to the Prince's death."). Another candidacy was Prince Mamuka of Imereti, a son of the late king George III of Imereti and a brother of the reigning king Alexander III of Imereti, whom Mariam's half-brother Levan Dadiani fought relentlessly. Mamuka had found refuge in Kartli, but he was again in Imereti in 1647, when Levan captured him in battle and had his eyes gorged out. Alexander III complained to Rostom, who was outraged and, with the consent of Queen Mariam, solemnly cursed Levan Dadiani. The blinded prince Mamuka died in 1654. Around 1639, Rostom's choice then fell on a son of his first cousin, the Iranian-raised Prince Luarsab, who was killed while on a hunt in 1652. Rostom then tried to entice Luarsab's brother, Vakhtang, to become his heir, but the king's envoy found him already dead of illness in Iran.The envoy, Prince Bakhuta, of the collateral Bagrationi branch of Mukhrani, was eventually adopted by Rostom as his son and heir in 1653. Third marriage and last years
Rostom died at the age of 93 in 1658. The Iranian officials at Tbilisi sent his remains to be buried in Qom, the "holy city" of Shia Islam, and ordered the queen dowager Mariam to relocate to the citadel of Tbilisi. She was summoned by the shah to Isfahan, but she sent Prince Papuna Tsitsishvili as a messenger carrying a lock of her grey heir to show that she was too old to travel to Iran and a letter assuring the shah of the loyalty of her family. Rostom's adopted son, the prince of Mukhrani, was confirmed as the new king under the name of Vakhtang V or, upon his adoption of Islam, Shah-Navaz Khan. Pursuant to the shah's order, Vakhtang, then aged 40, reluctantly divorced Princess Rodam Orbeliani, by whom he had several children, and married his adopted mother, the queen dowager Mariam. On Vakhtang's accession large areas of Kartli were seething with unrest.Vakhtang's internal policy of patience and patronage coupled with Mariam's prestige among the Georgians relatively pacified Kartli. In the subsequent years, the aging queen Mariam was less actively involved in the politics, although she influenced her husband's decision to more energetically intervene in the power struggles in Mingrelia and Imereti in 1661. She also lent support to the church reforms undertaken by Patriarch Domentius III of Georgia. Mariam died in 1682, during the reign of her step-son George XI, outliving her third husband by seven years. She was buried with full Reginal honors at the Cathedral of the Living Pillar in Mtskheta, where her only son, Otia, had been interred. Ancestry

Notes

References

Further reading

1600s births
1682 deaths
Mariam
Queens consort from Georgia (country)
17th-century people from Georgia (country)
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Georgia (country)
17th-century women from Georgia (country)
17th-century people of Safavid Iran
Princesses consort of Guria

masks:
Manuchar I Dadiani
Dadiani
Mariam