title: Craig Reid (footballer, born 1985)

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<mask> (born 17 December 1985) is an English footballer who plays as a striker. <mask> started his career at Coventry City's youth academy in 2000, spending two years at the club before opting to join Ipswich Town in 2002. He spent two years at Ipswich, and then returned to Coventry, under a professional contract, in 2004. During his time at Coventry, <mask> spent a month on loan at Conference National club Tamworth in March 2006. He was released by Coventry at the end of the 2005–06 season having not made a first-team appearance for his hometown club. In January 2007, <mask> signed for Cheltenham Town and spent a year-and-a-half there before being released by the club in May 2008. <mask> signed for Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a short-term deal in August 2008, before being loaned out to Newport County.<mask> joined Newport on a permanent basis. He was the club's top goalscorer for three consecutive seasons, and helped Newport to promotion to the Conference Premier during the club's successful 2009–10 campaign. In January 2011, <mask> signed for Stevenage for a fee of £90,000, making him the club's record signing. He helped the club earn promotion to League One during the 2010–11 season. In July 2012, <mask> joined Aldershot Town for an undisclosed fee. When Aldershot were relegated to the Conference at the end of the season, he had brief spells in the Football League with Southend United and Stevenage before spending the 2014–15 season with Kidderminster Harriers. <mask> left Harriers by mutual consent early in the 2015–16 season, and then spent brief periods at various levels of non-League football with Brentwood Town, Lincoln City and Gainsborough Trinity.He signed for Gloucester City in June 2016. <mask> returned to the Football League once again when he rejoined Newport County of League Two in January 2017, spending the second half of the 2016–17 season. He joined Coventry United in May 2017, before signing for Barwell on loan in January 2018. <mask> left Coventry United at the end of the 2017–18 season. Career

Early career
<mask> started his career with home city club Coventry City in their youth academy, before moving to Ipswich Town's academy after a successful trial in April 2002. After two years at Ipswich, he rejoined Coventry, this time under a professional contract. He was the club's Young Player of the Year for the 2004–05 season, and was given another year's contract.In March 2006, <mask> signed for Conference National club Tamworth on a month's loan deal. He made his first-team debut the next day, starting in the club's 2–0 loss to Ebbsfleet United at Stonebridge Road, and played one further game for the club, a 0–0 home draw against Southport. On his return to Coventry, at the end of the 2005–06 season, <mask> was released, having not made any first-team appearances. In May 2006, <mask> had an unsuccessful trial at Stockport County. Ahead of the 2006–07 season, he went on trial at Falkirk, and scored twice in their 2–1 friendly victory against Airdrie United in July 2006. Despite this, he did not earn a contract with the club. He also had another unsuccessful trial with Dundee in September 2006.In January 2007, <mask> signed for Cheltenham Town on a free transfer, signing a rolling monthly contract. He made his Cheltenham debut on 13 January 2007, coming on as a 76th-minute substitute in the club's 2–0 away loss at Huddersfield Town. He made a further five appearances for the club towards the latter stages of the 2006–07 campaign. In July 2007, <mask> signed for Cheltenham on a permanent basis. He made a late substitute appearance in Cheltenham's first game of the 2007–08 season, playing three minutes in a 1–0 home win over Gillingham. <mask> scored his first professional goal in Cheltenham's 3–1 away win against Swindon Town in the Football League Trophy. He made 12 appearances for Cheltenham during the 2007–08 season, scoring one goal.<mask> was released by Cheltenham on 6 May 2008, having made 18 appearances for the club. <mask> signed for Conference Premier club Grays Athletic on a one-year deal in August 2008, making his debut in a 1–0 home loss to Eastbourne Borough. He made two further appearances for Grays, before joining Conference South club Newport County on loan on 25 September 2008. Newport County
<mask> scored four times in ten league appearances during his loan spell at Newport, before signing for the club permanently on 19 December 2008. <mask> scored his first senior hat-trick in Newport's 3–1 win against Chelmsford City in January 2009. He ended the season having scored 21 goals in 31 games in all competitions, 16 of which came in the Conference South. He remained at Newport for the 2009–10 season, and scored his first goal of the campaign in a 4–0 win against Chelmsford City.<mask> was named as the Conference South Player of the Month after a run of seven goals in five matches in September 2009. <mask> finished the 2009–10 season as Conference South top scorer with 24 goals for Newport who were champions with a record 103 points. He was named the Conference South Player of the Year. <mask> signed a new two-year contract with Newport County on 17 April 2010. <mask> started in Newport's first game of the 2010–11 season, the club's first game back in the top tier of the non-League pyramid; they lost 1–0 to Darlington at the Darlington Arena on 14 August 2010. Three days later, he scored his first goal of the season, a 71st-minute penalty that earned Newport a point in a 1–1 draw against Tamworth. At the end of August 2010, <mask> scored four goals in two games, scoring successive braces in games against Kidderminster Harriers and AFC Wimbledon respectively.During the January 2011 transfer window, it was reported that <mask> had attracted interest from Premier League club Stoke City, as well as from his former employers, Coventry. <mask>'s last two goals for Newport came in the club's 3–2 defeat to Tamworth at The Lamb Ground, Dean Holdsworth's final game in charge of the club. <mask> made his last Conference appearance for the club on 29 January 2011, in a goalless draw away at Histon in which he missed an 83rd-minute penalty. He scored 18 goals in 29 league appearances during the first half of the 2010–11 season. During his two-and-a-half-year stay at Newport, <mask> scored 66 goals in 112 games in all competitions. <mask> was inducted into Newport's Hall of Fame during the club's centenary evening on 27 October 2012. Stevenage
<mask> signed for League Two club Stevenage for an initial undisclosed fee on 31 January 2011; the fee was a record for both clubs, and Stevenage later stated that they paid £90,000 for the player.As part of the deal, Stevenage strikers Charlie Griffin and Yemi Odubade joined Newport on loan. <mask> made his Stevenage debut in a 2–2 home draw with Accrington Stanley on 5 February 2011. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 away win against Oxford United on 15 March, running onto Rob Sinclair's through pass to give Stevenage the three points. On the final day of the regular season, <mask> scored Stevenage's second goal from the penalty spot in a 3–3 draw with Bury; the draw meant that Stevenage reached the play-offs thanks to a sixth-place finish. <mask> started in all three of Stevenage's play-off games, including in the Final at Old Trafford against Torquay United, which Stevenage won 1–0 to gain promotion to League One. <mask> made 23 appearances for Stevenage during the second half of the 2010–11 season, scoring twice. <mask> started the first competitive game of the 2011–12 season, on 6 August 2011, playing 70 minutes in a 0–0 draw at home to Exeter City, before being substituted for Byron Harrison.On his next appearance, ten days later, he scored the first goal of the campaign in a 3–1 away victory against AFC Bournemouth. <mask> scored twice for Stevenage in a 4–2 home win against Rochdale on 3 September. His first goal, from Lawrie Wilson's knockdown, opened the scoring, and his secondStevenage's fourthwas widely reported as a Neal Trotman own goal, although it was attributed by Stevenage's website to <mask>, who "managed to nip between the two defenders and just poke the ball into the net". His fourth goal in five games was Stevenage's first in a 5–1 victory over Sheffield Wednesday on 13 September 2011; he reacted quickest to a parried Michael Bostwick shot and scored from six yards out. He suffered a groin injury in November 2011 which required surgery, and he had a successful operation in January 2012. <mask> returned to first-team action on 28 February, after three-and-a-half months out; he played the first 74 minutes of a 2–2 draw with Huddersfield Town. <mask> went on to score goals in home victories against Brentford and Bury, with the latter strike coming in a 3–0 win that ultimately secured Stevenage's place in the play-offs.He made 34 appearances during the season, scoring seven times, as Stevenage narrowly lost in the play-off semi-finals. During his one-and-a-half-year spell at Stevenage, <mask> made 57 appearances in all competitions, scoring eight times. Aldershot Town
Ahead of the 2012–13 season, <mask> signed for League Two club Aldershot Town for an undisclosed five-figure fee, later reported as a club record £75,000; the move reunited him with Aldershot manager Dean Holdsworth, who had previously managed <mask> during his time at Newport County. He made his debut for the club on the opening day of the season, playing the whole match as Aldershot lost 7–6 on penalties to Wolverhampton Wanderers in the League Cup. <mask> scored his first goal in his third appearance, in a 2–1 home defeat to Exeter City on 21 August 2012. <mask> scored his first Football League hat-trick on 2 October 2012, although his goals could not prevent Aldershot from losing 4–3 to Torquay United at Plainmoor. He added a further three goals to his tally before the end of 2012, and opened the new year by scoring the winner from the penalty spot in a 1–0 victory away at Barnet, his tenth of the season.He ended the season with 12 goals from 45 appearances as Aldershot were relegated to the Conference. Southend United
Although Aldershot did not initially release <mask>, his contract was cancelled by mutual consent, and on 1 August 2013, he returned to League Two when he signed a one-year deal with Southend United. Southend manager Phil Brown stated that he hoped <mask> would replace the goals scored by strikers Gavin Tomlin and Britt Assombalonga, both of whom had left. <mask> made his Southend debut two days after signing for the club, on 3 August 2013, coming on as a 68th-minute substitute in a 1–0 win over Plymouth Argyle. All eight of <mask>'s appearances for Southend came in the opening three months of the season, of which six were from the substitute's bench, and he did not play for the club beyond October 2013. Return to Stevenage
His contract with Southend was terminated by mutual consent on 25 February 2014, and <mask> returned to League One club Stevenage. The move meant that <mask> would be reunited with manager Graham Westley, who had signed the player for his first spell at the club three years earlier.He made one start and three substitute appearances without scoring, and was released at the end of the season. Non-League
After leaving Stevenage, <mask> signed a two-year deal with Conference Premier club Kidderminster Harriers on 15 May 2014. <mask> made his Kidderminster debut on the opening day of the 2014–15 season, playing the first 64 minutes of the club's 0–0 draw away at Lincoln City. He scored his first goal for the club on 6 September 2014, opening the scoring in an eventual 2–1 victory against Gateshead at Aggborough. After scoring five times in 34 appearances during his first season, and not at all in the first month of the 2015–16 season, <mask> left the club by mutual consent at the end of the transfer window. <mask> linked up again with Dean Holdsworth, this time at Isthmian League Premier Division club Brentwood Town in October 2015, where he spent a short spell before joining for Lincoln City of the National League. He was released after two appearances and moved on to Gainsborough Trinity of the National League North in January 2016.<mask> finished the season with Gainsborough, scoring three goals from twelve league matches, and was one of six players released. He signed for another National League North club on 6 June 2016, Gloucester City, managed by Tim Harris who was director of football at Newport when <mask> was playing there. <mask> made his debut for Gloucester in the club's first match of the 2016–17 season, playing the opening 84 minutes in a 1–1 draw away at Salford City. He scored once during his time there, in a 2–2 away draw with AFC Fylde, making 16 appearances during the first half of the season. Return to Newport County
Having trained with the club prior to the official agreement, <mask> rejoined former club Newport County on 6 January 2017. He signed for the club on a short-term deal under manager Graham Westley, the third time Westley had signed <mask>. A day later, he made his second debut for Newport as a second-half substitute in a 3–1 defeat to former club Stevenage.He subsequently started Newport's next nine League Two matches, although did not appear for the club following Westley's sacking in March 2017. <mask> was released by Newport in May 2017 having made 10 appearances during his second spell with the club. Return to Non-League
Following his release from Newport, <mask> returned to his home city to join Midland Football League Premier Division club Coventry United. He scored 14 times in 29 appearances for the club during the first half of the 2017–18 season, before signing for Barwell of the Northern Premier League Premier Division on loan on 19 January 2018. <mask> made his Barwell debut in the club's 2–0 away win at Workington a day after signing. He scored his only goal for the club in a 1–1 draw with Ashton United on 17 February 2018, and went on to make nine appearances during his time there. He returned to Coventry United and finished the 2017–18 season playing in the club's first-team.<mask> was not named in Coventry United's squad list ahead of the 2018–19 season as he began to focus on earning his coaching badges. Style of play
<mask> has been deployed as a striker throughout his career. Manager Graham Westley described <mask> as a "good quality technician". After signing <mask> for a third time, Westley stated "pace was never his main attribute which is why, four years on, I am comfortable that he can still play a role in what we do next. Coaching career
<mask> is a UEFA B Licence coach. He has been the head coach of the University of Warwick men's football team since September 2016. Personal life
<mask> was born in Coventry.He supports his hometown club, Coventry City. Career statistics

Honours
Newport County
 Conference South: 2009–10

Stevenage
 League Two play-offs: 2010–11

Individual
 Conference South Player of the Year: 2009–10

References

External links
 (missing data from first spells at Stevenage and Newport County)
 (includes data from first spells at Stevenage and Newport County only)

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Coventry
English footballers
Association football forwards
Coventry City F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Grays Athletic F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Stevenage F.C.players
Southend United F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
Brentwood Town F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Gainsborough Trinity F.C. players
Gloucester City A.F.C.players
Coventry United F.C. players
Barwell F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Isthmian League players

masks:
Craig Kevin Reid
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title: Donovan

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 10 May 1946), mononymously known as <mask>, is a Scottish musician, songwriter, and record producer. He developed an eclectic and distinctive style that blended folk, jazz, pop, psychedelic rock and world music (notably calypso). He has lived in Scotland, Hertfordshire (England), London, California, and—since at least 2008—in County Cork, Ireland, with his family. Emerging from the British folk scene, <mask> reached fame in the United Kingdom in early 1965 with live performances on the pop TV series Ready Steady Go!. Having signed with Pye Records in 1965, he recorded singles and two albums in the folk vein for Hickory Records (US company), after which he signed to CBS/Epic Records in the US – the first signing by the company's new vice-president Clive Davis – and became more successful internationally. He began a long and successful collaboration with leading British independent record producer Mickie Most, scoring multiple hit singles and albums in the UK, US, and other countries. He emerged onto the scene in 1965 with three UK hit singles: "Catch the Wind", "Colours" and "Universal Soldier", the last written by Buffy Sainte-Marie.In September 1966, "Sunshine Superman" topped America's Billboard Hot 100 chart for one week and went to number two in Britain, followed by "Mellow Yellow" at US No. 2 in December 1966, then 1968's "Hurdy Gurdy Man" in the top 5 in both countries, then "Atlantis", which reached US No. 7 in May 1969. He became a friend of pop and folk musicians including Joan Baez, Brian Jones and the Beatles. He taught John Lennon a finger-picking guitar style in 1968 that Lennon employed in "Dear Prudence", "Julia", "Happiness Is a Warm Gun" and other songs. His backing musicians included the Jeff Beck Group, and John Bonham, Jimmy Page and John Paul Jones, who later rose to fame as members of Led Zeppelin. <mask>'s commercial fortunes waned after parting with Most in 1969, and he left the industry for a time.<mask> continued to perform and record sporadically in the 1970s and 1980s. His musical style and hippie image were scorned by critics, especially after punk rock. His performing and recording became sporadic until a revival in the 1990s with the emergence of Britain's rave scene. He recorded the 1996 album Sutras with producer Rick Rubin and in 2004 made a new album, Beat Cafe. <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 and the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014. Early life
<mask> was born on 10 May 1946, in Maryhill, Glasgow, to Donald and Winifred (née Phillips) Leitch. His grandmothers were Irish.He contracted polio as a child. The disease and treatment left him with a limp. His family moved to the new town of Hatfield, Hertfordshire, England. Influenced by his family's love of folk music, he began playing the guitar at 14. He enrolled in art school but soon dropped out, to live out his beatnik aspirations by going on the road. Music career

1964–65: Rise to fame

Returning to Hatfield, <mask> spent several months playing in local clubs, absorbing the folk scene around his home in St Albans, learning the crosspicking guitar technique from local players such as Mac MacLeod and Mick Softley and writing his first songs. In 1964, he travelled to Manchester with Gypsy Dave, then spent the summer in Torquay, Devon.In Torquay he stayed with Mac MacLeod and took up busking, studying the guitar, and learning traditional folk and blues. In late 1964, <mask> was offered a management and publishing contract by Peter Eden and Geoff Stephens of Pye Records in London, for which he recorded a 10-track demo tape (later released on iTunes), which included the original of his first single, "Catch the Wind", and "Josie". The first song revealed the influence of Woody Guthrie and Ramblin' Jack Elliott, who had also influenced Bob Dylan. Dylan comparisons followed for some time. In an interview with KFOK radio in the US on 14 June 2005, MacLeod said: "The press were fond of calling <mask> a Dylan clone as they had both been influenced by the same sources: Ramblin' Jack Elliott, Jesse Fuller, Woody Guthrie, and many more." While recording the demo, <mask> befriended Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones, who was recording nearby. He had recently met Jones' ex-girlfriend, Linda Lawrence, who is the mother of Jones' son, Julian Brian (Jones) Leitch.The on-off romantic relationship that developed over five years was a force in <mask>'s career. She influenced <mask>'s music but refused to marry him and she moved to the United States for several years in the late 1960s. They met by chance in 1970 and married soon after. <mask> had other relationships – one of which resulted in the birth of his first two children, <mask> and Ione Skye, both of whom became actors. <mask> and Dylan
During Bob Dylan's trip to the UK in the spring of 1965, the British music press were making comparisons of the two singer-songwriters which they presented as a rivalry. This prompted The Rolling Stones guitarist Brian Jones to say,

<mask> is the undercurrent In D. A. Pennebaker's film Dont Look Back documenting Dylan's tour. Near the start of the film, Dylan opens a newspaper and exclaims, "<mask>?Who is this <mask>?" and Alan Price from The Animals spur the rivalry on by telling Dylan that <mask> is a better guitar player, but that he had only been around for three months. Throughout the film <mask>'s name is seen next to Dylan's on newspaper headlines and on posters in the background, and Dylan and his friends refer to him consistently. <mask> finally appears in the second half of the film, along with Derroll Adams, in Dylan's suite at the Savoy Hotel despite <mask>'s management refusing to allow journalists to be present, saying they did not want "any stunt on the lines of the disciple meeting the messiah". According to Pennebaker, Dylan told him not to film the encounter, and <mask> played a song that sounded just like "Mr. Tambourine Man" but with different words. When confronted with lifting his tune, <mask> said that he thought it was an old folk song. Once the camera rolled, <mask> plays his song, "To Sing For You", and then asks Dylan to play "Baby Blue".Dylan later told Melody Maker: "He played some songs to me. ... I like him. ... He's a nice guy." Melody Maker noted that Dylan had mentioned <mask> in his song "Talking World War Three Blues" and that the crowd had jeered, to which Dylan had responded backstage: "I didn't mean to put the guy down in my songs. I just did it for a joke, that's all."In an interview for the BBC in 2001 to mark Dylan's 60th birthday, <mask> acknowledged Dylan as an influence early in his career while distancing himself from "Dylan clone" allegations:

Collaboration with Mickie Most

In late 1965, <mask> split with his original management and signed with Ashley Kozak, who was working for Brian Epstein's NEMS Enterprises. Kozak introduced <mask> to American businessman Allen Klein (later manager of the Rolling Stones and in their final waning months, the Beatles). Klein in turn introduced <mask> to producer Mickie Most, who had chart-topping productions with the Animals, Lulu, and Herman's Hermits. Most produced all <mask>'s recordings during this period, although <mask> said in his autobiography that some recordings were self-produced, with little input from Most. Their collaboration produced successful singles and albums, recorded with London session players including Big Jim Sullivan, Jack Bruce, Danny Thompson, and future Led Zeppelin members John Paul Jones and Jimmy Page. Many of <mask>'s late 1960s recordings featured musicians including his key musical collaborator John Cameron on piano, Danny Thompson (from Pentangle) or Spike Heatley on upright bass, Tony Carr on drums and congas and Harold McNair on saxophone and flute. Carr's conga style and McNair's flute playing are a feature of many recordings.Cameron, McNair and Carr also accompanied <mask> on several concert tours and can be heard on his 1968 live album <mask> in Concert. Sunshine Superman
By 1966, <mask> had shed the Dylan/Guthrie influences and become one of the first British pop musicians to adopt flower power. He immersed himself in jazz, blues, Eastern music, and the new generation of counterculture-era US West Coast bands such as Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead. He was entering his most creative phase as a songwriter and recording artist, working with Mickie Most and with arranger, musician, and jazz fan John Cameron. Their first collaboration was "Sunshine Superman", one of the first psychedelic pop records. <mask>'s rise stalled in December 1965 when Billboard broke news of the impending production deal between Klein, Most, and <mask>, and then reported that <mask> was to sign with Epic Records in the US. Despite Kozak's denials, Pye Records dropped the single and a contract dispute ensued, because Pye had a US licensing arrangement with Warner Bros. Records.As a result, the UK release of the Sunshine Superman LP was delayed for months, robbing it of the impact it would have had. Another outcome was that the UK and US versions of this and later albums differed – three of his Epic LPs were not released in the UK, and Sunshine Superman was issued in a different form in each country. Several tracks on his late 1960s Epic (US) LPs were not released in the UK for many years. The legal dispute continued into early 1966. During the hiatus, <mask> holidayed in Greece, where he wrote "Writer in the Sun", inspired by rumours that his recording career was over. He toured the US and appeared on episode 23 of Pete Seeger's television show Rainbow Quest in 1966 with Shawn Phillips and Rev. Gary Davis.After his return to London, he developed his friendship with Paul McCartney and contributed the line "sky of blue and sea of green" to "Yellow Submarine". By spring 1966, the American contract problems had been resolved, and <mask> signed a $100,000 deal with Epic Records. <mask> and Most went to CBS Studios in Los Angeles, where they recorded tracks for an LP, much composed during the preceding year. Although folk elements were prominent, the album showed increasing influence of jazz, American west coast psychedelia and folk rock – especially the Byrds. The LP sessions were completed in May, and "Sunshine Superman" was released in the US as a single in June. It was a success, selling 800,000 in six weeks and reaching No. 1.It went on to sell over one million, and was awarded a gold disc. The LP followed in August, preceded by orders of 250,000 copies, reached No. 11 on the US album chart and sold over half a million. The US version of the Sunshine Superman album is in chamber-style folk-jazz arrangements, and features instruments including acoustic bass, sitar, saxophone, tablas and congas, harpsichord, strings and oboe. Highlights include the swinging "The Fat Angel", which <mask>'s book confirms was written for Cass Elliot of the Mamas & the Papas. The song is notable for naming the Jefferson Airplane before they became known internationally and before Grace Slick joined. Other tracks include "Bert's Blues" (a tribute to Bert Jansch), "Guinevere", and "Legend of a Girl Child Linda", a track featuring voice, acoustic guitar and a small orchestra for over six minutes.The album also features the sitar, which was played by American folk-rock singer Shawn Phillips. <mask> met Phillips in London in 1965, and he became a friend and early collaborator, playing acoustic guitar and sitar on recordings including Sunshine Superman as well as accompanying <mask> at concerts and on Pete Seeger's TV show. Creatively, Phillips served as a silent partner in the gestation of many of <mask>'s songs from the era, with the singer later acknowledging that Phillips primarily composed "Season of the Witch". Several songs including the title track had a harder edge. The driving, jazzy "The Trip", named after a Los Angeles club name, chronicled an LSD trip during his time in L.A. and is loaded with references to his sojourn on the West Coast, and names Dylan and Baez. The third "heavy" song was "Season of the Witch". Recorded with American and British session players, it features <mask>'s first recorded performance on electric guitar.The song was covered by Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger and the Trinity on their first LP in 1967, and Al Kooper and Stephen Stills recorded an 11-minute version on the 1968 album, Super Session. <mask>'s version is

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Donovan Phillips Leitch
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title: Donovan

texts:
 also in the closing sequence of the Gus Van Sant film, To Die For. Because of earlier contractual problems, the UK version of Sunshine Superman LP was not released for another nine months. This was a compilation of tracks from the US albums Sunshine Superman and Mellow Yellow. <mask> did not choose the tracks. Mellow Yellow

On 24 October 1966, Epic released the single "Mellow Yellow", arranged by John Paul Jones and purportedly featuring Paul McCartney on backing vocals, but not in the chorus. In his autobiography <mask> explained "electrical banana" was a reference to a "yellow-coloured vibrator".The song became <mask>'s signature tune in the US and reached No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 3 on the Cash Box chart, and earned a gold record award for sales of more than one million in the US. Through the first half of 1967, <mask> worked on a double-album studio project, which he produced. In January he gave a concert at the Royal Albert Hall accompanied by a ballerina who danced during a 12-minute performance of "Golden Apples". On 14 January, New Musical Express reported he was to write incidental music for a National Theatre production of As You Like It, but this did not come to fruition. His version of "Under the Greenwood Tree" did appear on "A Gift from a Flower to a Garden".In March Epic released the Mellow Yellow LP (not released in the UK), which reached No. 14 in the US album charts, plus a non-album single, "Epistle to Dippy", a Top 20 hit in the US. Written as an open letter to a school friend, the song had a pacifist message as well as psychedelic imagery. The real "Dippy" was in the British Army in Malaysia. According to Brian Hogg, who wrote the liner notes for the <mask> boxed set Troubadour, Dippy heard the song, contacted <mask> and left the army. On 9 February 1967, <mask> was among guests invited by the Beatles to Abbey Road Studios for the orchestral overdub for "A Day in the Life", the finale to Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.Arrest
In mid-1966, <mask> became the first high-profile British pop star to be arrested for possession of cannabis. <mask>'s drug use was mostly restricted to cannabis, with occasional use of LSD and mescaline. His LSD use is thought to be referenced indirectly in some of his lyrics. Public attention was drawn to his marijuana use by the TV documentary A Boy Called <mask> in early 1966, which showed the singer and friends smoking cannabis at a party thrown by the film crew. <mask>'s arrest proved to be the first in a long series involving the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. In early 1967, <mask> was subject of an exposé in the News of the World. According to <mask>, the article was based on an interview by an ex-girlfriend of his friend Gypsy Dave.The article was the first in a three-part series, Drugs & Pop Stars – Facts That Will Shock You. It was quickly shown some claims were false. A News of the World reporter claimed to have spent an evening with Mick Jagger, who allegedly discussed his drug use and offered drugs to companions. He had mistaken Brian Jones for Jagger, and Jagger sued the newspaper for libel. Among other supposed revelations were claims that <mask> and stars including members of The Who, Cream,  The Rolling Stones and The Moody Blues regularly smoked marijuana, used other drugs, and held parties where the recently banned hallucinogen LSD was used, specifically naming the Who's Pete Townshend and Cream's Ginger Baker. It emerged later that the News of the World reporters were passing information to the police. In the late 1990s, The Guardian said News of the World reporters had alerted police to the party at Keith Richards's home, which was raided on 12 February 1967.Although <mask>'s was not as sensational as the later arrests of Jagger and Richards, he was refused entry to the US until late 1967. He could not appear at the Monterey International Pop Festival in June that year. 1967–69: International success
In July 1967, Epic released "There Is a Mountain", which just missed the US top ten and was later used as the basis for the Allman Brothers Band's "Mountain Jam". In September, <mask> toured the US, backed by a jazz group and accompanied by his father, who introduced the show. Later that month, Epic released <mask>'s fifth album, a set entitled, A Gift from a Flower to a Garden, the first rock music box set and only the third pop-rock double album released. It was split into halves. The first, "Wear Your Love Like Heaven", was for people of his generation who would one day be parents; the second, "For Little Ones", was songs <mask> had written for coming generations.Worried it might be a poor seller, Epic boss Clive Davis also insisted the albums be split and sold separately in the US (the "Wear Your Love Like Heaven" album cover was photographed at Bodiam Castle), but his fears were unfounded – although it took time, the original boxed set sold steadily, eventually peaking at 19 in the US album chart and achieving gold record status in the US in early 1970. The psychedelic and mystical overtones were unmistakable – the front cover featured an infra-red photograph by Karl Ferris showing <mask> at Bodiam Castle, dressed in a robe, holding flowers and peacock feathers, while the back photo showed him holding hands with Indian guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The liner notes included an appeal for young people to give up drugs. His disavowal of drugs came after his time with the Maharishi in Rishikesh, a topic discussed in a two-part interview for the first two issues of Rolling Stone. In late 1967 <mask> contributed two songs to the Ken Loach film Poor Cow. "Be Not Too Hard" was a musical setting of Christopher Logue's poem September Song, and was later recorded by such artists as Joan Baez and Shusha Guppy. The title track, originally entitled "Poor Love", was the B-side of his next single, "Jennifer Juniper", which was inspired by Jenny Boyd, sister of George Harrison's wife, Pattie Boyd and was another top 40 hit in the US.<mask> developed interest in eastern mysticism and claims to have interested the Beatles in transcendental meditation. In early 1968 he was part of the group that traveled to the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in Rishikesh. The visit gained worldwide attention thanks to the presence of all four Beatles as well as Beach Boys lead singer Mike Love, as well as actress Mia Farrow and her sister Prudence (who inspired Lennon to write "Dear Prudence"). According to a 1968 Paul McCartney interview with Radio Luxembourg, it was during this time that <mask> taught Lennon and McCartney finger-picking guitar styles including the clawhammer, which he had learned from Mac MacLeod. Lennon used this technique on songs including "Dear Prudence", "Julia", "Happiness is a Warm Gun" and "Look at Me", and McCartney with "Blackbird" and "Mother Nature's Son". <mask>'s next single, in May 1968, was the psychedelic "Hurdy Gurdy Man". The liner notes from EMI's reissues say the song was intended for Mac MacLeod, who had a heavy rock band called Hurdy Gurdy.After hearing MacLeod's version, <mask> considered giving it to Jimi Hendrix, but when Most heard it, he convinced <mask> to record it himself. <mask> tried to get Hendrix to play, but he was on tour. Jimmy Page played electric guitar in some studio sessions and is credited with playing on the song. Alternatively, it is credited to Alan Parker. <mask> credits Page and "Allen Hollsworth" (a misspelling of Allan Holdsworth) as the "guitar wizards" for the song, saying they created "a new kind of metal folk". Since John Bonham and John Paul Jones also played, <mask> said perhaps the session inspired the formation of Led Zeppelin. The heavier sound of "Hurdy Gurdy Man" was an attempt by Most and <mask> to reach a wider audience in the US, where hard-rock groups like Cream and the Jimi Hendrix Experience were having an impact.The song became one of <mask>'s biggest hits, making the Top 5 in the UK and the US, and the Top 10 in Australia. In July 1968, Epic released <mask> in Concert, the recording of his Anaheim concert in September 1967. The cover featured only a painting by Fleur Cowles (with neither the artist's name nor the title). The album contained two of his big hits and songs which would have been new to the audience. The expanded double CD from 2006 contained "Epistle To Derroll", a tribute to one of his formative influences, Derroll Adams. The album also includes extended group arrangements of "Young Girl Blues" and "The Pebble and the Man", a song later reworked and retitled as "Happiness Runs". In the summer of 1968, <mask> worked on a second LP of children's songs, released in 1971 as the double album, HMS Donovan.In September, Epic released a single, "Laléna", a subdued acoustic ballad which reached the low 30s in the US. The album The Hurdy Gurdy Man followed (not released in the UK), continuing the style of the Mellow Yellow LP and reached 20 in the US, despite containing two earlier hits, the title track and "Jennifer Juniper". After another US tour in the autumn he collaborated with Paul McCartney, who was producing Postcard, the debut LP by Welsh singer Mary Hopkin. Hopkin covered three <mask> songs: "Lord Of The Reedy River", "Happiness Runs" and "Voyage of the Moon". McCartney returned the favour by playing tambourine and singing backing vocals on <mask>'s next single, "Atlantis", which was released in the UK (with "I Love My Shirt" as the B-side) in late November and reached 23. Early in 1969, the comedy film If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium featured music by <mask>; the title tune was written by him and sung by J. P. Rags, and he also performed "Lord of the Reedy River" in the film as a singer at a youth hostel. On 20 January, Epic released the single, "To Susan on the West Coast Waiting", with "Atlantis" as the B-side.The A-side, a gentle calypso-styled song, contained another anti-war message, and became a moderate Top 40 US hit. However, when DJs in America and Australia flipped it and began playing "Atlantis", that became a hit. The gentle "Atlantis" later formed the backdrop to a violent scene in Martin Scorsese's 1990 film GoodFellas. "Atlantis" was revived in 2000 for an episode of Futurama titled "The Deep South" (2ACV12) which aired on 16 April that year. For this episode <mask> recorded a satirical version of the song describing the Lost City of Atlanta which featured in the episode. In March 1969 (too soon to include "Atlantis"), Epic and Pye released <mask>'s Greatest Hits, which included four previous singles – "Epistle To Dippy", "There is a Mountain", "Jennifer Juniper" and "Laléna", as well as rerecorded versions of "Colours" and "Catch The Wind" (which had been unavailable to Epic because of <mask>'s contractual problems) and stereo versions of "Sunshine Superman" (previously unissued full length version) and "Season of the Witch". It became the most successful album of his career; it reached 4 in the US, became a million-selling gold record, and stayed on the Billboard album chart for more than a year.On 26 June 1969 the track "Barabajagal (Love Is Hot)" (recorded May 1969), which gained him a following on the rave scene decades later, was released, reaching 12 in the UK but charting less strongly in the US. This time he was backed by the original Jeff Beck Group, featuring Beck on lead guitar, Ronnie Wood on bass, Nicky Hopkins on piano, and Micky Waller on drums. The Beck group was under contract to Most and it was Most's idea to team them with <mask> to bring a heavier sound to <mask>'s work, while introducing a lyrical edge to Beck's. On 7 July 1969, <mask> performed at the first show in the second season of free rock concerts in Hyde Park, London, which also featured Blind Faith, Richie Havens, the Edgar Broughton Band and the Third Ear Band. In September 1969, the "Barabajagal" album reached 23 in the US. Only the recent "Barabajagal"/"Trudi" single and "Superlungs My Supergirl" were 1969 recordings, the remaining tracks  were from sessions in London in May 1968 and in Los Angeles in November 1968. In the late 60s to the early 70s he lived at Stein, on the Isle of Skye, where he and a group of followers formed a commune and where he was visited by George Harrison.He named his daughter, born 1970, Ione Skye. 1970s: Changes
In late 1969, the relationship with Most ended after an argument over an unidentified recording session in Los Angeles. In the 1995

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title: Donovan

texts:
 BBC Radio 2 The Donovan Story, Most recounted:

Open Road band
<mask> said he wanted to record with someone else, and he and Most did not work together again until Cosmic Wheels (1973). After the rift, <mask> spent two months writing and recording the album Open Road as a member of the rock trio Open Road. Stripping the sound of Most's heavy studio productions down to stuff that could be played by a live band, <mask> dubbed the sound "Celtic Rock". The album peaked at No. 16 in the U.S., the third-highest of any of his full-length releases to date, but as his concert appearances became less frequent and new artists and styles of popular music began to emerge, his commercial success began to decline.<mask> said:

I was exhausted and looking for roots and new directions. I checked into Morgan Studios in London and stayed a long while creating Open Road and the HMS Donovan sessions. Downstairs was McCartney, doing his solo album. I had left Mickie after great years together. The new decade dawned and I had accomplished everything any young singer-songwriter could achieve. What else was there to do but to experiment beyond the fame and into the new life, regardless of the result? <mask>'s plan for Open Road was to tour the world for a year, beginning with a boat voyage around the Aegean Sea, documented in the 1970 film There is an Ocean.This was partially on the advice from his management to go into tax exile, during which he was not to set foot in the UK until April 1971, but after touring to France, Italy, Russia, and Japan, he cut the tour short:

I travelled to Japan and was set to stay out of the UK for a year and earn the largest fees yet for a solo performer, and all tax-free. At the time the UK tax for us was 98%. During that Japanese tour I had a gentle breakdown, which made me decide to break the tax exile. Millions were at stake. My father, my agent, they pleaded for me not to step onto the BOAC jet bound for London. I did and went back to my little cottage in the woods. Two days later a young woman came seeking a cottage to rent.It was Linda. Reunions with Linda Lawrence and Mickie Most
After this reunion, <mask> and Linda married on 2 October 1970 at Windsor register office and honeymooned in the Caribbean. <mask> dropped out of the round of tour promotion and concentrated on writing, recording and his family. The largely self-produced children's album HMS Donovan in 1971, went unreleased in the US and did not gain a wide audience. During an 18-month tax exile in Ireland (1971–72), he wrote for the 1972 film The Pied Piper in the title role, and for Brother Sun, Sister Moon (1972). The title song from the Zeffirelli film provided <mask> with a publishing windfall in 1974 when it was covered as the B-side of the million-selling US top 5 hit "The Lord's Prayer", by Australia's singing nun, Sister Janet Mead. After a new deal with Epic, <mask> reunited with Mickie Most in early 1973, resulting in the LP Cosmic Wheels, which featured arrangements by Chris Spedding.It was his last chart success, reaching the top 40 in America and Britain. Late in the year he released Essence To Essence, produced by Andrew Loog Oldham, and a live album recorded in Japan and only released in Japan, which featured an extended version of "Hurdy Gurdy Man" which included an additional verse written by George Harrison in Rishikesh. While recording the album, Alice Cooper invited <mask> to share lead vocals on his song "Billion Dollar Babies". Cosmic Wheels was followed up by two albums that same year: his second concert album, Live in Japan: Spring Tour 1973, and the more introspective Essence to Essence. His last two albums for Epic Records were 7-Tease (1974) and Slow Down World (1976). In 1977, he opened for Yes on their six-month tour of North America and Europe following the release of Going for the One (1977). The 1978 LP, <mask> was on Most's RAK Records in the UK and on Clive Davis' new Arista Records in the US; it reunited him for the last time with Most and Cameron, but was not well received at the height of the new wave and did not chart.1980s: occasional appearances
The punk era (1976–1980) provoked a backlash in Britain against the optimism and whimsy of the hippie era, of which <mask> was a prime example. The word "hippie" became pejorative, and <mask>'s fortunes suffered. In this period he released the albums Neutronica (1980), Love Is Only Feeling (1981), and Lady of the Stars (1984), and guest-starred on Stars on Ice, a half-hour variety show on ice produced by CTV in Toronto. There was a respite when he appeared alongside Sting, Phil Collins, Bob Geldof, Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck in the Amnesty International benefit show The Secret Policeman's Other Ball. Accompanied by Danny Thompson, <mask> performed several hits including "Sunshine Superman", "Mellow Yellow", "Colours", "Universal Soldier" and "Catch the Wind". He was also in the performance of Dylan's "I Shall Be Released" for the show's finale. <mask> also appeared at the Glastonbury Festival on 18 June 1989 with the band Ozric Tentacles accompanying him onstage.1990s: a retrospective decade
In 1990 <mask> released a live album featuring new performances of his classic songs. In 1991, Nettwerk released a tribute album to <mask>, Island of Circles. Sony's 2-CD boxed set Troubadour: The Definitive Collection 1964–1976 (1992) continued the restoration of his reputation, and was followed by the 1994 release of Four Donovan Originals, which saw his four classic Epic LPs on CD in their original form for the first time in the UK. He found an ally in rap producer and Def Jam label owner Rick Rubin and recorded the album Sutras for Rubin's American Recordings label. 2000s

In 2000, <mask> narrated and played himself in the Futurama episode "The Deep South" on 16 April with a parody of the song "Atlantis". A new album, Beat Cafe, on Appleseed Records in 2004, marked a return to the jazzy sound of his 1960s recordings and featured bassist Danny Thompson and drummer Jim Keltner, with production by John Chelew (Blind Boys of Alabama). At a series of Beat Cafe performances in New York, Richard Barone (The Bongos) joined <mask> to sing and read passages from Allen Ginsberg's Howl.In May 2004, <mask> played "Sunshine Superman" at the wedding concert for the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Denmark. He released his early demo tapes, Sixty Four, and a re-recording of the Brother Sun, Sister Moon soundtrack on iTunes. A set of his Mickie Most albums was released on 9 May 2005. This EMI set has extra tracks including another song recorded with the Jeff Beck Group. In 2005, his autobiography The Hurdy Gurdy Man was published. In May/June 2005, <mask> toured the UK (Beat Cafe Tour) and Europe with Tom Mansi on double bass, former Damned drummer Rat Scabies and Flipron keyboard player, Joe Atkinson. In spring/summer 2006, <mask> played British festivals and two dates at Camden's The Jazz Café, London.In January 2007, <mask> played at the Kennedy Center, in Washington, DC, at Alice Tully Hall, in New York City, and at the Kodak Theatre, in Los Angeles, in conjunction with a presentation by filmmaker David Lynch supporting the David Lynch Foundation for Consciousness-Based Education and world peace. The concert at the Kodak Theatre was filmed by Raven Productions and broadcast on public television as a pledge drive. <mask>'s partnership with the David Lynch Foundation saw him performing concerts through October 2007, as well as giving presentations about Transcendental meditation. He appeared at Maharishi University of Management in Fairfield, Iowa, in May 2007, and toured the UK with Lynch in October 2007. In March 2007, <mask> played two shows at the South by Southwest music festival in Austin, Texas. He had planned a spring 2007 release of an album, along with a UK tour, but announced the tour was cancelled and the album delayed. He said was in good health and gave no reason for the cancellation.In April 2007, <mask> presented a three-part series on Ravi Shankar for BBC Radio 2. In October 2007, he announced plans for the "Invincible Donovan University" focusing on Transcendental Meditation, to be near Glasgow or Edinburgh. In October 2007 the DVD The <mask> Concert—Live in LA, filmed at the Kodak Theatre Los Angeles earlier that year, was released in the UK. On 6 October 2009, <mask> was honoured as a BMI Icon at the 2009 annual BMI London Awards. The Icon designation is given to BMI songwriters who have had "a unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers". 2010s

In October 2010, <mask>'s double CD set Ritual Groove was made available through his website. Prior to the release, he had described it as a multi-media album waiting for videos to be applied.2020s

On 10 May 2021, the day of his 75th birthday, <mask> released the new track "I Am the Shaman". The song is produced by David Lynch, who also directed the accompanying video. Family
<mask> had a relationship with American model Enid Karl, and they had two children: actor-musician <mask> in 1967, and actress Ione Skye in 1970.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.philly.com/1996-11-25/entertainment/25647151_1_hurdy-gurdy-man-flower-child-mellow-yellow|series='60s Archives |work= The Philadelphia Inquirer |title= Flower Child Looks To Bloom Again: <mask>, The Trippy Troubadour Behind Such Generation- Defining Hits As 'Mellow Yellow and Sunshine Superman, Is Back At 50 With A New Album|date=30 November 2005|access-date=19 August 2015}}</ref>
In October of that year, <mask> married Linda Lawrence. They have two children together, Astrella and Oriole. Lawrence was the inspiration for "Sunshine Superman". <mask> is also the adoptive father of Lawrence's and Brian Jones's son, Julian Brian (Jones) Leitch. Jones's biographer Paul Trynka writes, "Unsurprisingly, Julian has found the burden of being Brian's son heavy to bear, despite being brought up with obvious love and sensitivity by his adopted father, <mask>."Accolades
In November 2003, the University of Hertfordshire awarded <mask> an honorary Doctor of Letters degree. He was nominated by Sara Loveridge (a student at the university who had interviewed and reviewed <mask> for the university paper in 2001–2002); Andrew Morris, Sara's partner and <mask> researcher/writer; and Mac MacLeod. On 14 April 2012 <mask> was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Discography

Filmography

Actor
 If It's Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium (1969)
 The Pied Piper (1972)
 Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978)

As himself
 A Boy Called <mask> (1966)
 Dont Look Back (1967)
 "The Deep South", Futurama season 2 episode 12 (2000)

Musical composer
 Poor Cow (1967)
 Brother Sun, Sister Moon (1972)
 The Pied Piper (1972)

Music and documentary DVD
 Festival (Directed by Murray Lerner, 1967) Footage from Newport Festival 1963–66. Also with Joan Baez, Bob Dylan and Peter Paul and Mary
 Dont Look Back (Documentary film by D. A. Pennebaker, 1967)
 There is an Ocean (1970). Documentary of <mask> and Open Road travelling and performing outdoors on several Greek islands.Isle of Wight festival (1970, "Catch the Wind")
 The Secret Policeman's Other Ball ("Catch the Wind", :"Universal Soldier" & "Colours".) <mask>: The <mask> Concert Live in L.A. 21 January 2007 Sunshine Superman: The Journey of <mask> (Documentary directed by Hannes Rossacher, 2008)
 I Am The Shaman (Single, Produced & Directed by David Lynch, 2021)

Literary works
 Leitch, <mask>, The Hurdy Gurdy Man, Century, an imprint of Random House, London, 2005 (published in the US as The Autobiography of <mask>: The Hurdy Gurdy Man'', St. Martin's Press, New York, 2005;

References

External links

1946 births
Living people
20th-century Scottish male singers
21st-century Scottish male singers
British Invasion artists
Scottish folk singers
Scottish rock singers
Scottish pop singers
Scottish record producers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Scottish buskers
Scottish autobiographers
Psychedelic folk musicians
Psychedelic rock musicians
British folk-pop singers
British folk rock musicians
British harmonica players
Fingerstyle guitarists
People from Hatfield, Hertfordshire
People from Maryhill
Musicians from Glasgow
People with polio
Pye Records artists
Hickory Records artists
Epic Records artists
Dawn Records artists
Rak Records artists
Scottish people of Irish descent
Transcendental Meditation exponents
World Classic Rockers

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title: Mark Brunswick

texts:
<mask> ( January 6, 1902 – May 25/26, 1971) was an American composer of the twentieth century. He had only recently completed the second act of an opera based on Ibsen's The Master Builder when he died suddenly in London in May 1971, at the start of what was to have been an extended tour of Europe with his wife, <mask>. <mask> had been at work on the opera for several years, and Act I had not long before received a concert performance as a work in progress at the City College of New York. Biography
Born in New York City, <mask> was the third of four children of secular Jewish parents. His father, of an Alsatian family background, was a successful manufacturer in the garment industry. His mother was an educated German-born woman, trained as an opera singer, who encouraged <mask>'s artistic interests and his pursuit of an education that diverged from the conventional. He attended the Horace Mann School in New York, and later Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire.Though he took some courses in the extension division of Columbia University, he never formally acquired a college degree. Having by the age of 15 decided on a career of musical composition and theory, he sought out private musical study: piano with Victor Wittgenstein; harmony, counterpoint and fugue with Rubin Goldmark (himself a student of Dvořák); and composition with Ernest Bloch in Cleveland (where he met fellow student Roger Sessions, with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship) and Nadia Boulanger in Paris. In 1924, Brunswick moved to Vienna. There he fell in love with Ruth Mack, a student, analysand (since 1922), and collaborative colleague of Sigmund Freud's, and married at the time to Dr. Herman Blumgart, a cousin of <mask>'s. As a teenager, Brunswick had actually been a guest at their wedding years earlier in 1917. Their marriage was by now in serious trouble, however, and in 1928, <mask> and Ruth were married in Vienna. Freud served as their witness – one of the few weddings he ever attended.The couple returned briefly to the U.S. so that their daughter, Matilda (Til) could be born there, then returned soon after the birth to Vienna. Though it would later in Freudian analytic circles certainly be regarded as improper, <mask>, Ruth and their daughter Til were close friends of the Freuds, and socialized with them regularly. Brunswick's home movies of Freud now reside in the archive of the Freud Museum in London. During his years in Vienna – inspired no doubt by Freud's own collection – Brunswick began acquiring the antiquities and rare old books that so characterized his various residences. Probably his primary musical association in Vienna was with Anton Webern. Whether he was formally a student of Webern's is unclear. A letter written to Brunswick in New York, dated June 23, 1938, addresses him as "guter, alter Freund," and "lieber Freund," and, after giving news of performances of some Webern works, goes on to ask, "Was machen jetzt die schönen Rosen in der Hasenauerstrasse?Verlassen? War es doch gerade vor einem Jahre, dass wir uns dort bei unerhört prächtigem Weine - sagen wir: besauften!!! Ich hoffe, es kommt wieder!" He signs the letter, "Ihr alter Webern." What is clear from this letter is that the two were on close terms during at least part of Brunswick's Vienna period. What other musical friendships and contacts he had there are so far unknown, although it is hard to imagine they would have been insignificant. In 1937, <mask> and Ruth were divorced in Vienna, but – against Freud's advice – remarried six months later.Late that year, <mask> returned alone to New York. Ruth, Til, <mask>'s mother and the family dog followed his return the following year in March 1938. In fall 1938, with fascism ominously ascendant in Germany and Austria, Brunswick became Chairman of the Placement Committee for German and Austrian Musicians, which in mid 1939 was integrated into the newly formed National Refugee Service under the name National Committee for Refugee Musicians. As chair Brunswick was pivotal in finding placement into musical and academic positions in the U.S. for hundreds of European colleagues fleeing Hitler. In this capacity he had a fairly regular correspondence with Arnold Schoenberg, who was now living in Southern California. No mention is made in those extant letters of any previous contact, and of course Schoenberg had moved to Berlin in 1924, the year Brunswick arrived in Vienna. Before his appointment as Chairman of the Music Department at the City College of New York in 1946, Brunswick headed the music theory and composition department at the Greenwich House Settlement Music School (1938–43).He also taught at Black Mountain College in North Carolina (summer of 1944), the Music Institute of Kenyon College (summer of 1945), and Brooklyn College (1945–46). In addition to his teaching, Brunswick – together with Roger Sessions and Eduard Steuermann – was active in organizing concerts of modern music under the rubric "Contemporary Concerts." From 1941 to 1950 he was President of the American Section of the International Society for Contemporary Music. <mask> and Ruth divorced permanently in 1945, and <mask> was married for several years to a former student at Black Mountain. In 1959 he married Natascha Artin, with whom he lived happily for the remainder of his life. He moved from his apartment in Manhattan to Natascha's house in Princeton, New Jersey, where he resumed his long and intimate friendship with Roger Sessions, then on the faculty at Princeton. <mask> and Natascha spent each summer in the log cabin <mask> had purchased on a small island in Franklin Falls Pond (a section of the Saranac River) in New York's Adirondack Mountains.During his tenure as Chairman at CCNY (he retired in 1965), Brunswick was a fierce and active defender of academic freedom amid the McCarthy hysteria of the early 1950s. In April 1954, on the occasion of "Academic Freedom Week" at City College, Brunswick was presented an award to "the faculty member who has done the most to promote and safeguard academic freedom." Interviewed for the campus newspaper, Brunswick commented self-effacingly, "I'm truly thrilled. But I haven't really done that much. All I've ever done is spoken my mind at every appropriate place." Brunswick also worked actively in the 1952 presidential campaign of Adlai Stevenson. An unsolicited letter of appreciation from a Smith College student who had been a visitor to one of his classes epitomizes Brunswick's informal and sensitive teaching style: "You created an atmosphere that I'm quite unused to here at Smith, in which the professor is interested in the students' ideas and feelings, rather than merely a coherent arrangement of cold, objective facts .. . It's easy to see that yours is a true give and take relationship with your students as people." <mask> himself once commented on teaching, "In it I can lose myself, and at the same time be refreshed by contact with students and their works in my own creative work and in my whole relation to music." <mask> was not a prolific composer; in fact he found composition difficult, and even complained of being blocked creatively. "In this musical world of today, with its conflicting and uncertain tendencies and influences, the achieving and maintaining of true individuality and purity of musical thought will always require an intensity of effort and of imagination that can never be easy," he said. Selected works
Orchestral
 Symphony in B (1948)
 Air with Toccata for string orchestra (1967)
 Nocturne and Rondo for orchestra

Chamber music
 2 Movements, Op. 1 for string quartet (1925–26)
 Fantasia for viola solo (1933)
 Seven Trios for string quartet (1955)
 Septet in Seven Movements for flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, horn, viola and cello (1957)
 Quartet for violin, viola, cello and double bass (1960)

Piano
 Six Bagatelles for solo piano (1958)

Organ
 Das alte Jahr vergangen ist, Chorale Prelude for organ (1933)

Vocal
 Fragment of Sappho, Motet for mixed chorus a cappella (1937)
 Four Songs for tenor and piano (1964)

References

 Anderson, E. Ruth.Contemporary American Composers. A Biographical Dictionary, 2nd edition, G. K. Hall, 1982. Borroff, Edith; Clark, J. Bunker. American Opera. A Checklist, Harmonie Park Press, 1992. Kurland, Jayme. (2015) "The Refugee Musician Is Now a Part of Us: Musical Exiles and <mask>’s National Committee for Refugee Musicians (1938-1943)" (Unpublished master's thesis).Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Sadie, Stanley; Hitchcock, H. Wiley (Ed.). The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986. Vinton, John. Dictionary of Contemporary Music, E.P. Dutton, 1974.1902 births
1971 deaths
Jewish American composers
City College of New York faculty
Columbia University alumni
Kenyon College faculty
Analysands of Sigmund Freud
Pupils of Roger Sessions
20th-century classical composers
American classical composers
American male classical composers
Musicians from New York City
20th-century American composers
Brooklyn College faculty
20th-century American male musicians

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title: Maurice Saatchi, Baron Saatchi

texts:
<mask>, <mask> ( ; born 21 June 1946) is a British-Iraqi businessman, and with his brother, Charles, co-founder of the advertising agencies Saatchi & Saatchi and M&C Saatchi. Early life
<mask> is the third of four sons born to <mask> and Daisy Ezer, a wealthy Iraqi Sephardi Jewish family in Baghdad, Iraq. <mask>'s brothers are David (born 1937), Charles Nathan (born 1943) and Philip (born 1953). Nathan was a successful textile merchant, and in 1947 he pre-empted a flight that tens of thousands of Iraqi Jews would soon make to avoid persecution and relocated his family to Finchley in London. Nathan purchased two textile mills in north London and after a time re-built a thriving business. Eventually the family would settle into a house with eight bedrooms on Hampstead Lane in Highgate. Saatchi attended Tollington Grammar and graduated from the London School of Economics with a first class honours degree in Sociology in 1967.His first job was at Haymarket Publications where <mask> would form valuable relationships with Michael Heseltine, the group managing director and with staff at the Haymarket's leading trade weekly for the ad industry Campaign. He spent three years at Haymarket as creative director before leaving to join his brother Charles' fledgling ad agency. Career

Saatchi and Saatchi
In 1970, <mask>, with his brother, formed the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi. They are credited with a number of successful advertising campaigns, most notably the "Labour isn't working" posters on behalf of the Conservative Party for the 1979 British general election and advertisements for the cigarette brand Silk Cut. <mask> served as chairman of the firm which by 1986 – following its acquisition of advertising firm Ted Bates – had grown to be the largest ad agency in the world, with over 600 offices. M&C Saatchi
At the turn of 1995, in the fallout from a shareholder revolt, Saatchi and his brother left the agency, and together founded the rival M&C Saatchi agency, taking with them many of their management and creative staff, as well as a number of clients – including British Airways. The new company has also been described as a success.In mid 2019 M&C Saatchi PLC - a public company listed on the AIM exchange - reported to the City some accounting irregularities which would cause the company to take a charge lowering its 2018 and 2019 results. By the time the matter was finalised in December 2019 following a PricewaterhouseCoopers review, the accounting issues were quantified at £11.6M. Over the course of 2019 the company's share price took a significant tumble from near £4 down to 79p. Then in a shock announcement to the City on 10 December <mask> resigned as an executive director along with all three of the independent non-executive directors – Sir Michael Peat, Baron Dobbs and Lorna Tilbian. It was reported that the departing directors disagreed over whether David Kershaw, one of Saatchi's co-founders of the company should stay as CEO following the accounting scandal. Political career
<mask> was created a life peer as <mask> (or, Lord Saatchi), of Staplefield in the County of West Sussex on 4 October 1996. He sits in the House of Lords as a Conservative.Under the leadership of Iain Duncan Smith, Saatchi served as shadow Treasury spokesman in the Lords, forming a close relationship with Michael Howard, who was Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. Saatchi argued for the simplification of the tax system and that the poorest eight million people in the United Kingdom should not pay income tax. In June 2014, he suggested that small businesses should pay no corporate tax and that investors in said small businesses should pay no capital gains tax in order to "challenge cartel capitalism." After Howard became leader of the Conservatives in November 2003, <mask> was appointed joint chairman of the party with Liam Fox. He had responsibility for running the party campaign for the 2005 general election, after which he stepped down. He published his reflections on the election campaign in a Centre for Policy Studies pamphlet If this is Conservatism, I am a Conservative in a chapter entitled How I Lost the Election. Among his failings listed in the document, Saatchi highlighted the following:

 I DID NOT convince the Party that if you don't stand for something, you'll fall for anything.I DID NOT dispel the illusion of research, which said that, as immigration was the number one issue in deciding how people vote, it should be the number one topic. I DID NOT prevent economics, the Conservatives' former ace of trumps, becoming a 'second order issue.''' I DID NOT avoid the underestimation of public intelligence, as in the policy description 'Lower Taxes' when in fact taxes would be higher.He recommended that future Conservative leaders establish a "moral purpose" as an ideology and future direction for the Party. Following the death of his wife Josephine Hart to ovarian cancer, <mask> has campaigned for a change to the UK law which, he believes, holds doctors back from using innovative treatments because they fear litigation. His Medical Innovation Bill was formally introduced in 2013 and was co-adopted by the government in its passage through parliament. The bill has enjoyed some popular support and favourable press coverage, but has drawn a critical response from some medical and legal bodies, patient groups and charities. Other roles
He was chairman of the Finsbury Food Group plc, and is a governor of the London School of Economics.Saatchi is a trustee of the Museum of Garden History, and also a director of the Centre for Policy Studies. He was also a trustee of the Victoria and Albert Museum from 1988 to 1996. Accolades and philanthropy
He is a previous recipient of St. George's Society of New York's Medal of Honour, an award established in 1996 which recognizes those who have rendered exemplary service to British interests and/or the international community at large. He and his brother founded the Saatchi Shul, an independent Orthodox Jewish synagogue in Maida Vale, London, England, in 1998. Personal life
<mask>'s first wife was Gillian Osband, a children's book editor and writer whom he had known since childhood and whom he married in 1972. They divorced in 1984 and that same year he married the novelist Josephine Hart (1942–2011), whom he first met when they worked together at Haymarket Publications in 1967. She died on 2 June 2011.His country property is a mock Tudor castle called Old Hall in Staplefield, West Sussex, built in 1842. There are sixty acres of parkland and ten acres of flowers, trees and lakes. <mask> has a fondness for gardening, laid out the garden on the estate and built a conservatory to house semi-tropical plants. The property was the subject of a display article in Architectural Digest in January 1995. <mask> and his brother Charles were listed at number 366 in the Sunday Times Rich List 2008, with an estimated wealth of £220m in advertising and art. In the Sunday Times Rich List 2009 they were listed at number 438. Arms

 Bibliography
 <mask> If this is Conservatism, I am a Conservative from the Centre for Policy Studies

 References

General

 External links
<mask> profile

Business profile at Bloomberg Businessweek''
M&C Saatchi Website
M&C Saatchi Mobile Marketing Website
 The Guardian Media Top 100 2001 number 44; 2002 number 47

1946 births
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British businesspeople
British Sephardi Jews
British people of Iraqi-Jewish descent
Businesspeople in advertising
Chairmen of the Conservative Party (UK)
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Iraqi businesspeople
Iraqi emigrants to the United Kingdom
Iraqi Jews
Living people
People from Baghdad
British politicians of Iraqi descent
Maurice
Jewish British politicians
Advertising people

masks:
Maurice Nathan Saatchi
Baron Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Nathan Saatchi
Maurice
Maurice
Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Baronatchi
Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi
Maurice Saatchi


title: Thomas Knight (actor)

texts:
<mask> (died 1820), actor and dramatist, was born in Dorset of a family of no great wealth. Early career
He was intended for the legal profession, and received from Charles Macklin, the actor, lessons in elocution. A favourite with Macklin, he accompanied him to the theatre, acquiring in his visits tastes which led him to adopt the stage as a profession. At an unrecorded date he appeared at the Richmond Theatre in Charles Surface, and failed conspicuously. He then joined Austin's company at Lancaster. Before leaving London he tried vainly to force upon Macklin a remuneration for his services as a teacher. Tate Wilkinson saw <mask>, it is said, in Edinburgh, and engaged him for the York circuit.His first appearance was made in York in 1782 as Lothario to the Calista of Mrs Jordan. Wilkinson, who was greatly disappointed with him, advised him to quit the stage, but <mask> struggled on, playing Charles Oakley, Spatterdash in the Young Quaker, Carbine in the Fair American, etc., and gradually grew in public favour. Wilkinson generously acknowledged the error of his former judgement, and during the five years in which <mask> remained with the company he took the lead, and had only one quarrel with the management. Finding his name as Twineall in Such things are put third on the list, the customary place for the character, he insisted on its place being first, and being refused did not appear. On 27 October 1787 he played at the Bath Theatre as the Copper Captain, Spatterdash, Ramilie in the 'Miser', Duke of Monmouth in 'Such things were', and Marquis in the 'Midnight Hour' followed. Marriage
In 1787 <mask> married at Bath, Margaret Farren, sister of the Countess of Derby (Elizabeth Farren). In 1786 Margaret Farren played with <mask> in York and followed him by to Bath for their wedding.Soon afterwards she made her first appearance there as Miss Peggy in The Country Girl to her husband's Sparkish. In the course of the same season <mask> acted thirty characters, among which Touchstone, Trappanti, Claudio in Measure for Measure, Trim in Steele's The Funeral, Sir Charles Racket, and Pendragon may be mentioned. In Bath, as at Bristol, which was under the same management, he played during the nine years of his engagement an endless variety of comic parts—Charles Surface, Antonio in Follies of a Day, Clown in All's Well That Ends Well, Mercutio, Duretête, Goldfinch, Dromio of Ephesus, Pistol, and Autolycus being among the most easily recognisable. Covent Garden
<mask>'s first appearance at Covent Garden took place on 25 September 1795 as Jacob in The Chapter of Accidents (when his wife played Bridget) and Skirmish in Dibdin's The Deserter. <mask> was seen in an endless number of parts at Covent Garden. The most important are Sim in Wild Oats, Hodge, Bob Acres, Slender in The Merry Wives of Windsor, Roderigo, Gratiano, Dick Dowlas, Sir Benjamin Backbite, Tony Lumpkin, Sergeant Kite in The Recruiting Officer, Sir Andrew Aguecheek, Touchstone, and Lucio in Measure for Measure. His original parts included Young Testy in Holman's Abroad and at Home, Count Cassel in Mrs. Inchbald's adaptation, Lovers' Vows, Changeable in <mask>'s Jew and the Doctor, Farmer Ashfield in Morton's Speed the Plough, and Corporal Foss in Colman's The Poor Gentleman.Edinburgh
After acting with his wife for three years at Covent Garden, they went together to Edinburgh, where he made, probably in error, his first appearance as Sir Harry Beagle in the 'Jealous Wife'. Mrs. <mask> acted elsewhere and died in Bath in 1804. With Fawcett, Holman, Johnstone, Pope, H. Johnston, Munden, and Incledon, <mask> signed the well-known statement of the 'Differences subsisting between the Proprietors and Performers of Covent Garden', London, 1800, octavo (3rd edition). The lease of the Liverpool Theatre having come into the market, the house was taken by <mask> in partnership with Lewis for fourteen years, at a rent elevated from £360 to £1,500, and was opened 6 June 1803 with 'Speed the Plough' and 'No Song, no Supper', and an address by T. Dibdin, spoken by <mask>. During this season <mask> remained at Covent Garden, where his last performance took place for his benefit, 15 May 1804, as Farmer Ashfield in 'Speed the Plough', and, for the first time, Lenitive in the 'Prize'. He also spoke an address. In 1802 he was living at 10 Tavistock Street, Covent Garden.While managing the Liverpool Theatre he lived first at Norton Hall, Lichfield, and subsequently at Woore, Shropshire. In 1817 a new lease was granted to <mask>, <mask>, a son of his late partner, and Banks, with whom <mask> became associated in the management of the Manchester Theatre. At the Manor House, Woore, 4 February 1820, <mask> died with appalling suddenness.
.
<mask> wrote many pieces himself. His 'Thelyphthora, or the Blessings of two Wives at once', a farce, was acted at Hull in 1783, but neither printed nor apparently brought to London; 'Trudge and Wowski', a prelude, supposedly from 'Inkle and Yarico', was acted by <mask> for his benefit in Bristol 1790, and 'Honest Thieves', a two-act abridgment of the 'Committee' of Sir Robert Howard, was produced at Covent Garden with <mask> as Abel, 9 May 1797. On 14 November 1799 he appeared at Covent Garden as Robert Maythorn in his own 'Turnpike Gate'. This farce was printed in octavo, 1799, was well received, went through five editions in two years, and kept possession of the stage. Munden made in it as Crack a noteworthy success.<mask>'s 'Turnpike Gate' and the 'Honest Thieves' are included in collections of acting plays by Oxberry, Cumberland, Mrs. Inchbald, etc. The anonymous author of the 'Managers' Note-book', which appeared in the 'New Monthly Magazine', attributes to <mask> the 'Masked Friend', an anonymous and unprinted reduction to three acts of Holcroft's 'Duplicity', given at Covent Garden for the benefit of Mr. and Mrs. <mask>, 6 May 1796, with the former as Squire Turnbull and the latter as Miss Turnbull, and 'Hints for Painters', an unprinted farce, given on the same occasion; also 'What would the Man be at?' a one-act piece, unprinted, in which, for his benefit, he played Charles, George, and Will Belford, three brothers. <mask> also wrote an 'Ode on the late Naval War and the Siege of Gibraltar', Hull, quarto, 1784, and some comic songs or recitations. <mask> was an admirable actor, and a worthy man. Though living in good style, and consorting with men of science and letters, he realised an independence, which was augmented by a legacy from an uncle. His repertory was not unlike that of his namesake <mask> He had a light and elegant figure, a melodious voice, and much sense and tact.As Watty Cockney in the 'Romp', chosen for his second part, he did not create much effect, and his wife's Priscilla Tomboy was a failure, the result being that both were relegated for a time into obscurity. His great parts were Jacob Gawkey, Plethora in 'Secrets Worth Knowing', Count Cassel, and Farmer Ashfield, all very distinct impersonations. His Master Stephen in Ben Jonson's 'Every Man in his Humour', which he revived for his benefit, also won much praise. During the latter part of his life he assumed the position of a country gentleman, and left a reputation for great liberality. A portrait of him, by Zoffany, as Roger in the 'Ghost', is in the Garrick Club, where also are other portraits of him by De Wilde as Jacob, and by Wageman. References

DNB references
These references are found in the DNB article referred to above. External links

Year of birth missing
1820 deaths
English actors
English dramatists and playwrights
18th-century English male actors
English male stage actors
19th-century English male actors
18th-century British male actors

masks:
Thomas Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Thomas Dibdin
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Thomas Lewis
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Impact Knight
Edward Knight


title: Nike Ardilla

texts:
<mask> (27 December 1975 – 19 March 1995), better known as <mask> (), was an Indonesian singer, actress, model, and philanthropist. Usually referred to as the "Lady Rocker" and the "Queen of Rock" by the Indonesian media, <mask> was instrumental in the return of teen pop rock in the country's music scene, and a dominant presence during the first half of the 1990s. At the height of her career and fame in 1995, she was involved in a traffic incident that took her life at the age of 19. Her death prompted an outpouring of nationwide grief. The media regularly refers to the fact that she is the only musician in the country whose death continues to be mourned even after more than 25 years, and hailed by many as one of the most successful figures in Indonesia's entertainment industry. <mask> has sold more than 30 million albums to date, making her the best-selling Indonesian artist in history and her 1990 album Bintang Kehidupan which has sold over 6 million copies in Southeast Asia, holds the title of being the best-selling Indonesian album of all time. Early life
Raden Rara <mask> was born on 27 December 1975 in Bandung, West Java, to youngest child of three siblings of Raden Edi Kusnadi and Nining Ningsihrat.She has Dutch and German ancestry from her maternal grandmother who was descended from the Geesdorf family. Her father worked for the Indonesian Railway Company (PT Kereta Api Indonesia), which caused the family to move periodically throughout her childhood. They eventually settled in Bandung where she began performing in talent shows at the age of five, winning a local singing competition in 1980. Career
Denny Sabri, a talent scout, helped <mask> sign a record deal with Arista Records. In 1987, she contributed to a compilation album titled Bandung Rock Power, which featured Nicky Astria, Mel Shandy among others. When Ardilla was 13, she released her debut album Seberkas Sinar in 1989 which she managed to finish recording within a day. It reached number one on the charts, and sold over 1 million copies within a year.The title track stayed at the top of the charts for ten weeks, and the album had further hits with the top-ten ballad "Cinta Pertama", and the top-five song "Tembang Asmara." In the spring of 1990, <mask> Kehidupan had sold over two million copies and won two BASF Awards, for Best New Artist and Best Selling Album. She performed the title track at the 1991 Asia Song Festival in Shanghai where she won the "Gold Prize of New Singer." Her next album Nyalakan Api was released in the autumn of 1990, which earned her a third BASF Award, again for Best Selling Album. Her fourth album Matahariku was released in the summer of 1991 and was followed in the spring of 1992 by Biarlah Aku Mengalah, which was featured on Musik Plus.After winning Best Selling Album consecutively at the 1993 BASF Awards, <mask> released the greatest hits album, Tinggallah Ku Sendiri (The Best Of). It spawned the hit single "Tinggallah Ku Sendiri". She moved from Billboard Records (now EMI) to Musica Studios for her record Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu, which debuted at number one and earned her the 1994 HDX Best Selling Album award. Her final album, Sandiwara Cinta, was released on 1 March 1995. The single first began airing on the radio in late February. The first version of the Sandiwara Cinta video debuted on TV in late February 1995. A second version of the video was released posthumously in April 1995, featuring <mask> in the style of her idol Marilyn Monroe.Sandiwara Cinta won HDX Awards for Best Selling Album, Best Single (Deru Debu), and Best Video Klip MTV Indonesia. In addition to singing, <mask> was also active as an actress and model. In 1986, she joined the cast of the film Kasmaran, starring Ida Iasha and Slamet Rahardjo in which she played the daughter of Iasha's character. In 1988, She starred in one of the best-selling regional film series: Sri Kabayan for which she recorded a single for the soundtrack of the film. In 1990, <mask> starred as the main character in the movie Ricky Nakalnya Anak Muda with actor Ryan Hidayat that became box office hit. <mask> continued to produce successful films throughout the period of the late 80s to early 90s. She was also successful in several soap operas, including NONE, one of the highly rated soap operas directed by Putu Wijaya.In 1990, <mask> won a modeling competition Gadis Sampul and a "Best Model Catwalk" award in the "LA Model Contest" in Bandung two years prior. Death and legacy

On the night of 18 March 1995, <mask> met with friends from Aneka-Yess!, a popular teenage magazine, at Jayakarta Hotel Bandung, to discuss the election of the magazine's cover girl and cover boy. The vote was to be held the following day, with her appearing as a guest star at the event. She spent the early hours of the next day with friends and later left a hotel at 05:15 AM to go home with her female companion and bodyguard, Atun Sofiatun. While attempting to overtake another car, she lost control of her Honda Civic Genio and slammed it into a wall in a suburban Bandung street, killing her instantly. Sofiatun, severely injured, was taken to a hospital where she recovered, though with little recollection of the crash. She was buried on the same day (per Islamic funeral customs) in Ciamis, West Java, in the presence of family, friends, fans, reporters as well as tens of thousands of mourners.Two months after her death, a commemorative concert was held in Bandung with performances from some of Indonesia's best-known artists, proceeds from which went into the establishment of a charity, the Nike Ardilla Foundation. Some international media outlets reported her passing, such as Hong Kong Asiaweek and the US Billboard. In 1996, Pos Indonesia published commemorative postcards and envelopes, which were sold out within days. In the same year, daily Bandung newspaper Pikiran Rakyat reported the Nike Ardilla stamps issued in Abkhazia and Tuva, Russia. Her posthumous releases, such as albums Mama Aku Ingin Pulang (1995) and Suara Hatiku (1996) were met with success. In 2013, JK released her early unreleased material Hanya Satu Nama, originally recorded in 1988 under the name "Nike Astrina." Ardilla appeared as a cover in the 370th edition of NOVA tabloid which was originally published in March 1995, managed to sell over 900,000 copies and remains the all-time best selling Tabloid edition.A quarter of a century after her death, her untimely departure has been said to leave an "eternal sorrow" throughout the country. She remains both a legend and a phenomenon in the Indonesian music scene today. Every year, thousands of fans commemorate her passing by visiting her grave and the Nike Ardilla Museum, which was constructed in her memory. Fan clubs dedicated to her are still running with active members. Wendi Putranto, a music observer, described Ardilla as "one in a million", a female version of Elvis Presley with a "cult status" in Indonesian pop culture. He further described her death as being similar to that of a president, and the national TV airing the news of her passing for an extended period of time. George Quinn, the Dean of the Asian Studies Faculty of the Australian National University, Canberra, conducted a research in 2007 on the Javanese pilgrimage.He compared the people who made pilgrimages to Ardila's grave to those who often make pilgrimages and pray at the tomb of saints (such as the Wali Sanga), and mentioned <mask> as the only pop culture figure who has achieved such an honour. Personal life
Melly Goeslaw, one of Ardilla's closest friends, described her as 'a person with high morals' and 'a very humble and kind person', who had the habits of bringing home numerous gifts after returning from abroad. They have known each other since childhood due to being neighbours. <mask> is also one of the figures who helped Goeslaw build her musical career. In 1993, <mask> funded the construction of a special school in Bandung for the deaf and mentally handicapped children. It was completed in 1995 after she died. The school still stands today funded with income from the continuing sales of her albums and is cited as an instance of her pious concern for the less fortunate.Discography

Studio albums
 Seberkas Sinar (1989)
 Bintang Kehidupan (1990)
 Nyalakan Api (1990)
 Matahariku (1991)
 Biarlah Aku Mengalah (1992)
 Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu (1994)
 Duri Terlindung (1994; only Malaysian released)
 Sandiwara Cinta (1995)
 Mama Aku Ingin Pulang (1995; posthumous released)
 Suara Hatiku (1996; posthumous released)
 Hanya Satu Nama (2013; posthumous released)

Greatest hits albums
 1991 - Golden Hits: Nike Ardilla
 1991 - 16: The Best of Nike Ardilla
 1992 - 20: The Best of Nike Ardilla
 1993 - The Best of Nike Ardilla: Tinggallah Ku Sendiri
 1995 - 20 Mega Hit Nike Ardilla
 1996 - Best Slow Nike Ardilla Vol. 1
 1997 - Best Slow Nike Ardilla Vol. 2
 1998 - Best of the Best: Nike Ardilla Vol. 1
 1999 - Best of the Best Nike Ardilla Vol. 2
 2002 - Best Beat
 2009 - Koleksi Terlengkap: Nike Ardilla

Awards
 International
 Gold Prize of New Singer - Asia Song Festival 1991
 Anugerah Muzik 1994 — Best Indonesian Selling Album in Malaysia (Duri Terlindung)
 ABU Golden Kite World Song Festival 1994 — Best Performer (Second Runnerup)
 Golden Prize Malaysia Music Awards 2005 — Year's Best Compilation Album
 National
 TVRI Jakarta 1980 — First Champion
 HAPMI 1985 — First Champion, Pop Singing
 TERUNA Festival Indonesia, 1986 — Third Winner
 3 Genre Singing Festival, West Java, 1987 — First Champion
 Multi-Platinum Award for "Seberkas Sinar", 1989. BASF Awards 1990 — Best Selling Album ("Bintang Kehidupan")
 Indonesian Popular Song Festival 1990 — Best Performer
 BASF Awards 1991 — Best Selling Album ("Nyalakan Api")
 Multi-Platinum Award for "Matahariku", 1991. BASF Awards 1992 — Best Selling Album ("Biarlah Aku Mengalah")
 Multi-Platinum Award for "Tinggallah Ku Sendiri", 1993.HDX Awards 1994 — Best Selling Album ("Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu")
 HDX Awards 1995 — Best Selling Album ("Sandiwara Cinta")
 HDX Awards 1995 — Biggest Omzet Album ("Sandiwara Cinta")
 HDX Awards 1996 — Best Selling Album ("Suara Hatiku")
 Music Mingguan Awards ANteve 1996 — Best Selling Album ("Suara Hatiku")
 HDX Awards 1996 — Best Album ("Deru Debu")
 BASF Awards 1996 — Triple-Platinum Album ("Mama Aku Ingin Pulang")
 Multi-Platinum Award — "Panggung Sandiwara", 1997. Multi-Platinum Award — "Cinta Diantara Kita", 1997. Multi-Platinum Award — "Ingin Ku Lupakan", 1998. Multi-Platinum Award — "Belenggu Cinta", 1999. Multi-Platinum Award — "The Best of Volume II", 2000. Multi-Platinum Award — "Best Beat", 2002. Multi-Platinum Award — "Best of The Best", 2004.Multi-Platinum Award — "Golden Memories", 2005. Multi-Platinum Award — "11 tahun Nike Ardilla", 2006. Multi-Platinum Award — "Lagu Pilihan Fans", 2007. Multi-Platinum Award — "Tinggallah Ku Sendiri", 2008. Multi-Platinum Award — Number One RBT, 2009. Triple-Platinum Award — "Koleksi Lenggkap", 2010. Video Music Awards
 Video Musik Indonesia 1993 — Video Favorite of The Month ("Tinggallah Ku Sendiri")
 Video Musik Indonesia 1994 — Video Favorite of The Month ("Biarkan Cintamu Berlalu")
 Video Musik Indonesia 1994 — Video Favorite of The Year ("BIarkan Cintamu Berlalu")
 MTV Viewer Choice Indonesia 1997 — Best Female Video

 Television Awards
 Dunia Bintang SCTV Awards 1995 — Favorite Viewer Artist
 Dunia Bintang SCTV Awards 1995 — Favorite Journalist Artist
 Highest Second Rating, 2003 — Silet Infotainment, "Nike Ardilla Episode"
 SCTV Programme Eko Patrio Show, 2005 — Best Legend (Viewers' Choice)

 Modeling/Magazine/Tabloid/Newspaper
 Sahabat Pena Magazine, 1986 — Cover
 LA Clerk Model Contest, 1989 — Third Winner
 Gadis Sampul 1990 — Favorite
 Monitor Magazine, 1990 — Best Performer on TV
 Citra Magazine, 1992 — Best Actress (Readers' Choice)
 Nyata, 1993 — Most Wanted Actress (Readers' Choice)
 Popular Magazine, 1994 — Most Popular Artist
 URTV Magazine, 1994 — Favorite Cover
 Citra Magazine, 1994 — Most Dedicated and Creative Singer (Indonesian)
 Citra Magazine, 1995 — Best Female Singer (Indonesian)
 PT.POS Indonesia, 1996 — Nike Ardilla Stamp and Post Cards Tribute
 Nova, 2007 — Best Selling Tabloid, "Nike Ardilla Cover", 2007

References

External links

1975 births
1995 deaths
Indonesian child actresses
Indonesian child singers
20th-century Indonesian women singers
Indonesian pop singers
Indonesian rock singers
Road incident deaths in Indonesia
Actresses from West Java
Musicians from West Java
Indonesian people of Dutch descent
Indonesian people of German descent
Sundanese people
Indo people

masks:
Raden Rara Nike Ratnadilla
Nike Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Nike Ratnadilla
Ardilla
Ardillag
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Nike
Nike
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla
Ardilla