title: George Brett

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<mask> (born May 15, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who played 21 seasons, primarily as a third baseman, in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals. <mask>'s 3,154 career hits are second most by any third baseman in major league history (after Adrian Beltre's 3,166) and rank 18th all-time. He is one of four players in MLB history to accumulate 3,000 hits, 300 home runs, and a career .300 batting average (the others being Hank Aaron, Willie Mays, and Stan Musial). He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1999 on the first ballot and is the only player in MLB history to win a batting title in three different decades. He was also a member of the Royals' 1985 World Series victory over the St. Louis Cardinals. <mask> was named the Royals' interim hitting coach in 2013 on May 30, but stepped down from the position on July 25 in order to resume his position of vice president of baseball operations. Early life
Born in Glen Dale, West Virginia, <mask> was the youngest of four sons of a sports-minded family which included Ken, the second oldest, a major league pitcher who pitched in the 1967 World Series at age 19.Brothers John (eldest) and Bobby had brief careers in the minor leagues. Although his three older brothers were born in Brooklyn, <mask> was born in the northern panhandle of West Virginia. Jack and <mask> then moved the family to the Midwest and three years later to El Segundo, California, a suburb of Los Angeles, just south of Los Angeles International Airport. <mask> grew up hoping to follow in the footsteps of his three older brothers. He graduated from El Segundo High School in 1971 and was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the second round (29th overall) of the  baseball draft. He was high school teammates with pitcher Scott McGregor. He lived in Mission Hills, Kansas when he moved to the Midwest.Playing career

Minor leagues
<mask> began his professional baseball career as a shortstop, but had trouble going to his right defensively and was soon shifted to third base. As a third baseman, his powerful arm remained an asset, and he remained at that spot for more than 15 years. <mask>'s minor league stops were with the Billings Mustangs for the Rookie-level Pioneer League in 1971, the San Jose Bees of the Class A California League  in 1972, and the Omaha Royals of the Class AAA American Association in 1973, batting .291, .274, and .284, respectively. Kansas City Royals (1973–1993)

1973
The Royals promoted <mask> to the major leagues on August 2, 1973, when he played in 13 games and was 5 for 40 (.125) at age 20. 1974
<mask> won the starting third base job in 1974, but struggled at the plate until he asked for help from Charley Lau, the Royals' batting coach. Spending the All-Star break working together, Lau taught <mask> how to protect the entire plate and cover up some holes in his swing that experienced big-league pitchers were exploiting. Armed with this knowledge, <mask> developed rapidly as a hitter, and finished the year with a .282 batting average in 113 games.1975–1979
<mask> topped the .300 mark for the first time in 1975, hitting .308 and leading the league in hits and triples. He then won his first batting title in 1976 with a .333 average. The four contenders for the batting title that year were <mask> and Royals teammate Hal McRae, and Minnesota Twins teammates Rod Carew and Lyman Bostock. In dramatic fashion, <mask> went 2 for 4 in the final game of the season against the Twins, beating out his three rivals, all playing in the same game. His lead over second-place McRae was less than .001. <mask> won the title when a fly ball dropped in front of Twins left fielder Steve Brye, bounced on the Royals Stadium AstroTurf and over Brye's head to the wall; <mask> circled the bases for an inside-the-park home run. McRae, batting just behind <mask> in the line up, grounded out and <mask> won his first batting title.From May 8 through May 13, 1976, <mask> had three or more hits in six consecutive games, a major league record. A month later, he was on the cover of Sports Illustrated for a feature article, and made his first of 13 All-Star teams. The Royals won the first of three straight American League West Division titles, beginning a great rivalry with the New York Yankees—whom they faced in the American League Championship Series each of those three years. In the fifth and final game of the 1976 ALCS, <mask> hit a three-run homer in the top of the eighth inning to tie the score at six—only to see the Yankees' Chris Chambliss launch a solo shot in the bottom of the ninth to give the Yankees a 7–6 win. <mask> finished second in American League MVP voting to Thurman Munson. A year later, <mask> emerged as a power hitter, clubbing 22 home runs, as the Royals headed to another ALCS. He is shown in archive footage batting against the New York Yankees in Game Two of those playoffs in the 2007 television miniseries The Bronx is Burning.In Game 5 of the 1977 ALCS, following an RBI triple, <mask> got into an altercation with Graig Nettles which ignited a bench-clearing brawl. In , <mask> batted .294 (the only time between 1976 and  in which he did not bat at least .300) in helping the Royals win a third consecutive AL West title. However, Kansas City once again lost to the Yankees in the ALCS, but not before <mask> hit three home runs off Catfish Hunter in Game Three, becoming the second player to hit three home runs in an LCS game (Bob Robertson was the first, having done so in Game two of the 1971 NLCS). <mask> followed with a successful 1979 season, in which he finished third in AL MVP voting. He became the sixth player in league history to have at least 20 doubles, triples and homers all in one season (42–20–23) and led the league in hits, doubles and triples while batting .329, with an on-base percentage of .376 and a slugging percentage of .563. 1980
All these impressive statistics were just a prelude to , when <mask> won the American League MVP and batted .390, a modern record for a third baseman. <mask>'s batting average was at or above .400 as late in the season as September 19, and the country closely followed his quest to bat .400 for an entire season, a feat which has not been accomplished since Ted Williams in .<mask>'s 1980 batting average of .390 is second only to Tony Gwynn's  average of .394 (Gwynn played in 110 games and had 419 at-bats in the strike-shortened season, compared to <mask>'s 449 at bats in 1980) for the highest single season batting average since 1941. <mask> also recorded 118 runs batted in, while appearing in just 117 games; it was the first instance of a player averaging one RBI per game (in more than 100 games) since Walt Dropo thirty seasons prior. He led the American League in both slugging and on-base percentage. <mask> started out slowly, hitting only .259 in April. In May, he hit .329 to get his season average to .301. In June, the 27-year-old third baseman hit .472 (17–36) to raise his season average to .337, but played his last game for a month on June 10, not returning to the lineup until after the All-Star Break on July 10. In July, after being off for a month, he played in 21 games and hit .494 (42–85), raising his season average to .390.<mask> started a 30-game hitting streak on July 18, which lasted until he went 0–3 on August 19 (the following night he went 3-for-3). During those 30 games, <mask> hit .467 (57–122). His high mark for the season came a week later, when <mask>'s batting average was at .407 on August 26, after he went 5-for-5 on a Tuesday night in Milwaukee. He batted .430 for the month of August (30 games), and his season average was at .403 with five weeks to go. For the three hot months of June, July, and August 1980, <mask> played in 60 American League games and hit .459 (111–242), most of it after a return from a monthlong injury. For these 60 games he had 69 RBIs and 14 home runs. <mask> missed another 10 days in early September and hit just .290 for the month.His average was at .400 as late as September 19, but he then had a 4 for 27 slump, and the average dipped to .384 on September 27, with a week to play. For the final week, <mask> went 10-for-19, which included going 2 for 4 in the final regular season game on October 4. His season average ended up at .390 (175 hits in 449 at-bats = .389755), and he averaged more than one RBI per game. <mask> led the league in both on-base percentage (.454) and slugging percentage (.664) on his way to capturing 17 of 28 possible first-place votes in the MVP race. Since Al Simmons also batted .390 in 1931 for the Philadelphia Athletics, the only higher averages subsequent to 1931 were by Ted Williams of the Red Sox (.406 in 1941) and Tony Gwynn of the San Diego Padres (.394 in the strike-shortened 1994 season). More importantly, the Royals won the American League West, and would face the Eastern champion Yankees in the ALCS. 1980 postseason
During the 1980 post-season, <mask> led the Royals to their first American League pennant, sweeping the playoffs in three games from the rival Yankees who had beaten K.C.in the 1976, 1977 and 1978 playoffs. During Game 2 of the 1980 ALCS, Willie Randolph was on second base in the top of the eighth with two outs and the Royals up by just one run. Bob Watson hit a ball to the left field corner of Royals Stadium. The ball bounced right to Willie Wilson, but Wilson was not known for having a great arm, and third base coach Mike Ferraro waved Randolph home. Wilson overthrew U L Washington, the cut-off man, but <mask> was in position behind him to catch the ball, then throw to Darrell Porter, who tagged out Randolph in a slide. TV cameras captured a furious <mask>nner fuming immediately after the play. The Royals won 3–2.<mask> claimed after the game that he had deliberately positioned himself to cut off the throw in case Washington missed it, but Tommy John of the Yankees disagreed, thinking that if <mask> had been backing up Washington, he would have been between shortstop and home plate, not over behind third base. Either way, he was in the perfect position to throw out Randolph. In Game 3, <mask> hit a ball well into the third deck

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title: George Brett

type: original

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 of Yankee Stadium off Yankees closer Goose Gossage. Gossage's previous pitch had been timed at 97 mph, leading ABC broadcaster Jim Palmer to say, "I doubt if he threw that ball 97 miles an hour." A moment later Palmer was given the actual reading of 98. "Well, I said it wasn't 97", Palmer replied. <mask> then hit .375 in the 1980 World Series, but the Royals lost in six games to the Philadelphia Phillies.During the Series, <mask> made headlines after leaving Game 2 in the 6th inning due to hemorrhoid pain. <mask> had minor surgery the next day, and in Game 3 returned to hit a home run as the Royals won in 10 innings 4–3. After the game, <mask> was famously quoted "...my problems are all behind me". In 1981 he missed two weeks of spring training to have his hemorrhoids removed. Pine Tar Incident

On July 24, 1983, with the Royals playing against the Yankees at Yankee Stadium, in the top of the ninth inning with two out, <mask> hit a go-ahead two-run homer off of Goose Gossage to put the Royals up 5–4. After the home run, Yankees manager Billy Martin cited to the umpires a rule, stating that any foreign substance on a bat could extend no further than 18 inches from the knob. The umpires measured the amount of pine tar, a legal substance used by hitters to improve their grip, on <mask>'s bat; the pine tar extended about 24 inches.The home plate umpire, Tim McClelland, signaled <mask> out, ending the game as a Yankees win. Enraged, <mask> charged out of the dugout directly toward McClelland, and had to be physically restrained by two umpires and Royals manager Dick Howser. The Royals protested the game, which was upheld by American League president Lee MacPhail, who ruled that the bat should have been excluded from future use, but the home run should not have been nullified. Amid much controversy, the game was resumed on August 18, 1983, from the point of <mask>'s home run, and ended with a Royals win. 1985
In 1985, <mask> had another brilliant season in which he helped propel the Royals to their second American League Championship. He batted .335 with 30 home runs and 112 RBI, finishing in the top 10 of the league in 10 different offensive categories. Defensively, he won his only Gold Glove, which broke Buddy Bell's six-year run of the award, and finished second in American League MVP voting to Don Mattingly.In the final week of the regular season, he went 9-for-20 at the plate with 7 runs, 5 homers, and 9 RBI in six crucial games, five of them victories, as the Royals closed the gap and won the division title at the end. He was MVP of the 1985 playoffs against the Toronto Blue Jays, with an incredible Game 3. With KC down in the series two games to none, <mask> went 4-for-4, homering in his first two at bats against Doyle Alexander, and doubled to the same spot in right field in his third at bat, leading the Royals' comeback. <mask> then batted .370 in the World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, including a four-hit performance in Game 7. The Royals again rallied from a 3–1 deficit to become World Series champions for the first time in their history. 1986–1993

In 1988, <mask> moved across the diamond to first base in an effort to reduce his chances of injury and had another top-notch season with a .306 average, 24 homers and 103 RBI. But after batting just .282 with 12 homers the next year, it looked like his career might be slowing down.He got off to a terrible start in 1990 and at one point even considered retirement. But his manager, former teammate John Wathan, encouraged him to stick it out. Finally, in July, the slump ended and <mask> batted .386 for the rest of the season. In September, he caught Rickey Henderson for the league lead, and in a battle down to the last day of the season, captured his third batting title with a .329 mark. This feat made <mask> the only major league player to win batting titles in three different decades. <mask> played three more seasons for the Royals, mostly as their designated hitter, but occasionally filling in for injured teammates at first base. He passed the 3,000-hit mark in 1992, though he was picked off by Angels first baseman Gary Gaetti after stepping off the base to start enjoying the moment.<mask> retired after the 1993 season; in his final at-bat, he hit a single up the middle against Rangers closer Tom Henke and scored on a home run by now teammate Gaetti. His last game was also notable as being the final game ever played at Arlington Stadium. Hall of Fame

<mask> was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1999, with what was then the fourth-highest voting percentage in baseball history (98.2%), trailing only Tom Seaver, Nolan Ryan, and Ty Cobb. In 2007, Cal Ripken Jr. passed <mask> with 98.5% of the vote. His voting percentage was higher than all-time outfielders Babe Ruth, Hank Aaron, Willie Mays, Stan Musial, Ted Williams, and Joe DiMaggio. <mask>'s No. 5 was retired by the Royals on May 14, 1994.His number was the second number retired in Royals history, preceded by former Royals manager, Dick Howser (No. 10), in 1987. It was followed by second baseman and longtime teammate Frank White's No. 20 in 1995. He was voted the Hometown Hero for the Royals in a two-month fan vote. This was revealed on the night of September 27, 2006 in an hour-long telecast on ESPN. He was one of the few players to receive more than 400,000 votes.Legacy

His 3,154 career hits are the most by any third baseman in major league history, and 16th all-time. Baseball historian Bill James regards him as the second-best third baseman of all time, trailing only his contemporary, Mike Schmidt. In 1999 he ranked Number 55 on The Sporting News''' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. <mask> is one of four players in MLB history to accumulate 3,000 hits, 300 home runs, and a career .300 batting average (the others are Stan Musial, Willie Mays, and Hank Aaron). Most indicative of his hitting style, <mask> is sixth on the career doubles list, with 665 (trailing Tris Speaker, Pete Rose, Stan Musial, Ty Cobb, and Craig Biggio). A photo in the July 1976 edition of National Geographic showing <mask> signing baseballs for fans with his team's name emblazoned across his shirt was the inspiration for New Zealand singer-songwriter Lorde's 2013 song "Royals," which won the 2014 Grammy Award for Song of the Year. <mask> was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 1994.<mask> was inducted into the Kansas Sports Hall of Fame in 2017. The Mendoza Line

<mask> is credited with popularizing the phrase the Mendoza Line, which is used to represent a sub-.200 batting average regarded as unacceptable at the Major League level. It derives from shortstop Mario Mendoza, a career .215 hitter who finished  below .200 five times in his nine seasons in the big leagues - including at .198 the year the term is claimed to have been coined by a pair of his teammates. <mask> referred to the Mendoza Line in an interview, which was picked up by ESPN baseball anchor  Chris Berman and then expanded into the world of SportsCenter. Post-baseball activities

Following his playing career, <mask> became a vice president of the Royals and has worked as a part-time coach, as a special instructor in spring training, as an interim batting coach, and as a minor league instructor dispatched to help prospects develop. He also runs a baseball equipment and glove company named Brett Bros. with Bobby and, until his death, <mask>. He has also lent his name to a restaurant that failed on the Country Club Plaza.In 1992, <mask> married the former Leslie Davenport, and they reside in the Kansas City suburb of Mission Hills, Kansas. The couple has three children: Jackson (named after <mask>'s father), Dylan (named after Bob Dylan), and Robin (named after fellow Hall of Famer Robin Yount of the Milwaukee Brewers). <mask> has continued to raise money for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease. <mask> started to raise money for the Keith Worthington Chapter during his playing career in the mid-1980s. He and his dog Charlie appeared in a PETA ad campaign, encouraging people not to leave their canine companions in the car during hot weather. He also threw out the ceremonial first pitch to Mike Napoli at the 2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. On May 30, 2013, the Royals announced that <mask> and Pedro Grifol would serve as batting coaches for the organization.On July 25, 2013 (the day following the 30th anniversary of the pine tar incident, the Royals announced that <mask> would serve as vice president of baseball operations. In 2015, <mask> was the National Baseball Hall of Fame recipient of the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award for his support of current and former service members of the United States Military. <mask> appeared as himself in the ABC sitcom Modern Family on March 28, 2018, alongside main cast member Eric Stonestreet, a Kansas City native and Royals fan, whose character on the show is also an avid fan. <mask> appeared as himself in the Brockmire episode "Player to Be Named Later", in which he is dating Jules (Amanda Peet), much to Brockmire's despair; in the episode "Low and Away", Jules informs Brockmire that she and her now-husband <mask> are getting a divorce. Series creator Joel Church-Cooper said in a statement, "When I created a show about a fake Kansas City legend, Jim Brockmire, I thought it only appropriate to have him worship the biggest Kansas City legend of them all -- <mask>." He is also a recurring guest on the podcast Pardon My Take'' which is presented by Barstool Sports. Team ownership
In 1998, an investor group headed by <mask> and his older brother, Bobby, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase the Kansas City Royals.<mask> is the principal owner of the Tri-City Dust Devils, the Single-A affiliate of the San Diego Padres. He and his brother Bobby also co-own the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, a Los Angeles Dodgers Single-A partner, and lead ownership groups that control the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League, the West Coast League's Bellingham Bells, and the High Desert Mavericks of the California

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title: Patrick Teoh

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<mask> (born 16 October 1947) is an actor and radio personality in Malaysia. A career in radio, TV, stage and movies spanning more than three decades has earned <mask> the nickname of "Voice of Malaysia", bestowed by his fans and the Malaysian mass media. Early life
<mask> was born in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. He attended St. Michael's Institution up until Form 5. <mask>'s father took him and his mother to the movies every day for the 9.15 p.m. screening. From this routine of watching a movie a day, <mask> learned to speak English by watching actors such as John Wayne, Randolph Scott, Henry Fonda and James Stewart. The habit of going to the cinema everyday stayed with <mask> until he was 24 years old.His personal record was watching six movies in a single day. After high school, <mask> remained in Ipoh and became a salesman for life insurance and encyclopaedias for a few years. Finally his father told him to 'get a job'. In 1966, he was having dinner at home when Rediffusion, a cable radio station announced that they had vacancies for radio announcers. <mask> applied for the position, attended the interview and got the job soon after. He was 19 years old. Career

1966-1970s: Rediffusion
In 1966, <mask> joined Rediffusion as an "English Programme Announcer Grade 3", earning a salary of RM$150 a month.For the first three months, he was not allowed to enter the studio. Instead, he wrote scripts and picked out songs for 'Lunch Time Melodies'. At the end of the three months, he was allowed to work in the studio during non-peak hours, where his primary duty was to press buttons to air pre-recorded programmes. After six months, he was allowed to go on air, reading from pre-approved scripts. Within two years, <mask> was promoted to Assistant Programme Manager and a year after that, he was the Programme Manager for Rediffusion. A memorable moment of his tenure in the English Programme Department of Rediffusion was when <mask> was told by his then Department Supervisor that he would never amount to much in the industry because of his physical handicap (<mask> contracted polio when he was 7 years old). <mask> eventually replaced the man as English Programme Supervisor.A few years later, <mask> was made the Divisional Manager for 'Sound and Film Services', a division set up by Rediffusion to tap into the burgeoning advertising industry. Due to a nationwide demand for <mask>'s voice talent, the division did well and in less than 9 months, it was in the black. The then-managing director told <mask> that according to the terms of his employment contract he was only entitled to a salary and all monies earned from his professional talents (which included being a professional voice talent) rightfully belonged to the company. But as <mask> was a model employee, the managing director would make an exception and allow him to keep 50% of his voice-over fees. <mask>, who was then earning up to six times his salary in voice-over fees disagreed with the new terms, and resigned from Rediffusion. Voice of Malaysia
During <mask>'s last few years with Rediffusion, Malaysia was going through an advertising boom. The government introduced the 'Made in Malaysia' ruling: 65% of the elements in commercials that were meant to be aired over electronic media must be Malaysian, or Malaysian-made.Hence <mask> was called very often to do voice-over work. So much so that at one point of his career, up to 99% of English advertisements aired over electronic media were voiced by <mask>. Thus he became known as the "Voice of Malaysia". Mobile disco
<mask> was credited as being a pioneer of mobile disco in Malaysia. In the mid-1970s, the disco era exploded in the country. At that time, <mask> was frequently employed to be the DJ for private parties and similar functions. During an annual ball for the advertising industry, he was brought in as a 'support' for the performing band.The crowd reacted positively to the disco tunes that he played, and he was asked to perform for the rest of the night. After the ball, he was asked to perform at more private functions, spinning popular disco tracks. Seeing the popularity of 'mobile disco', <mask> started a company called "The Music Machine" for that purpose. 1984-1986: Newscasting
In June 1984, TV3 began broadcasting in the Klang Valley. <mask>, alongside Mahadzir Lokman, Wan Zaleha Radzi, Robert Lam, and Caryn Lim were hired to be newscasters for the station. On Caryn Lim's last day on the job, <mask> was her co-newscaster. <mask> mentioned that Caryn was leaving the station, then stood up and gave her a friendly farewell kiss on her cheek.Controversy ensued as the press (mostly the Chinese press) created a ruckus over the kiss aired on television. After two years in TV3, <mask> found out that his news reading schedule was reduced. When approached by <mask> about his reduced reading spots, his editor informed him that from the following month onwards, they would no longer require <mask>'s services. <mask> does not know the exact reason for his termination. 1994-1997: Radio 4
In 1994, the new 24-hour radio station Time Highway Radio proved to be competition to RTM's existing radio stations. Hence RTM decided to re-brand Radio 4, and brought in new DJs such as <mask> and Yasmin Yusoff. <mask>'s talk show slot was from 9 a.m. until 12 noon Mondays to Wednesdays.When Radio 4 went for 24-hour broadcast, <mask> also hosted a show in the 12 a.m. until 3 a.m. slot called 'Midnight Magic'. In Midnight Magic <mask> invited listeners to call in and tell ghost stories, a move that proved to be a hit among his listeners. <mask>'s radio slots became very popular, and after a while he felt that his programmes should be taken one step further to be a better talk show. However he was denied the resources to improve his shows. In 1997, <mask> resigned from Radio 4, and until this day has not returned to radio. Controversies
 January 1996: A listener from Penang called in during one of <mask>'s show to relate his recent experience with a member of the police force. At a roadblock, a policeman had stopped him for allegedly drinking and driving, and asked for a bribe from the listener.When he said that he did not have money with him, the policeman allegedly told him that he could call someone to bring him the money. When he said that he did not have a phone, the policeman allegedly offered him the use of his mobile phone. After the show, SAC Supian Amat lodged a police report against <mask> under the instruction of Rahim Noor, then the IGP of Malaysia, resulting in <mask> being called to the police station for interviews. The media went to town with this issue; famous local cartoonist Lat drew a satirical cartoon on the incident which was published in the New Straits Times. April 1996: For April Fools' Day that year, <mask> collaborated with his friend on a prank about ducks. During his radio show, <mask> took a call from an advertising agency (who was in fact his friend) looking for ducks to be featured in a commercial for a new snack. According to the person who called in, the concept of the commercial was to place ducks on a hot plate, so they would jump about.Other listeners called in the radio show to blast the ad agency, and the SPCA lodged a police report. When it was discovered that 'dancing ducks' was a hoax, the press went to town saying that <mask> was being irresponsible, and some even called for his resignation. <mask>'s response to the issue was, "Can't you take a joke? Lighten up a little bit, you know." During a broadcast of 'Midnight Magic', <mask> hosted a show titled "Interview with a Vampire". This was in tune with the recent hit movie of the same title starring Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt. A listener claiming to be a vampire had called in, and wanted to dispel all myths associated with vampires.The show received a very high listener rating. The next day, RTM received multiple complains from other listeners objecting to the 'promotion of myths', claiming that their children and elderly got scared from listening to the show. <mask> took a 2-week vacation to let the furore die down. In January 2013, <mask> posted on his Facebook page condemning the PAS-led Kedah state government for then setting up restrictions for the upcoming Chinese New Year Celebration. His personal remarks were poorly received and infuriated some Muslims who accused <mask> of being anti-Islam. <mask> has since apologised for his remarks and removed the original offending post. On 9 May 2020, <mask> was arrested by the police after he posted an insulting video on his Facebook Page towards The Crown Prince of Johor Tunku Ismail Idris, the post has since been removed.His insulting remarks on video which was posted on May 7 was poorly received and infuriated The Johor Royal Monarch Family who accused <mask> of being very insulting. <mask> has since been released on bail on 14 May 2020

1980s - present: Stage and TV acting
In the late 1980s, Joe Hasham and Faridah Merican set up The Actors Studio. One of their first projects was an acting course, and they invited <mask> to join. After the course, The Actors Studio staged "A Man For All Seasons" in which <mask> was offered the cameo role of Cardinal Wolsey, his first appearance on the Malaysian stage. Presently <mask> is a full-time actor and a performing member of the Instant Café Theatre Company. Theatrical performances

Filmography

Film

Television

Other projects
 In the 1970s, <mask> hosted a radio show on RTM called "Kee Huat's Fantastic Facts and Fancies". The show format was similar to Ripley's Believe It Or Not."Kee Huat's Fantastic Facts and Fancies" was the longest, uninterrupted sponsored radio programme in Malaysia history, running for 26 years. In 1984, <mask> started a post-production studio, "Addaudio" to be an indirect competition to Rediffusion. The company is in operation today. In 1999, <mask> was appointed Dialogue and Voice Director for Walt Disney Pictures' first ever venture to dub a major animated feature film into Bahasa Malaysia, which was Tarzan. Awards and nominations

 2011: CHT Pursuit of Excellence (Male Artist) Award 2011

References

External links
 <mask>'s blogs, Tokkok and Niamah!!! <mask>'s wife's blogs, Thinking aloud and Happiness is Homemade
 Damansara Village Steamboat Restaurant, co-owned by <mask>. 1947 births
Living people
Malaysian male actors
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Malaysian Christians
Malaysian television personalities
Singaporean television personalities
People from Perak
People from Ipoh
Malaysian radio announcers

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title: Catharine Parr Traill

texts:
<mask> (born Strickland; 9 January 1802 – 29 August 1899) was an English-Canadian author and naturalist who wrote about life in Canada, particularly what is now Ontario (then the colony of Upper Canada). In the 1830s, Canada covered an area considerably smaller than today. At the time, most of Upper Canada had not been explored by European settlers. Throughout her long life, Traill wrote to generate income in support of her family. She wrote 24 books covering topics ranging from her life as a settler in Ontario to natural history, especially botany. Traill is considered a pioneer of Canada's natural history. Through her writing, she related the colonial experience and described the natural environment of Upper Canada for English readers.Traill is considered an amateur botanist, because at the time, it was not possible for women to hold professional, paid positions. Early years

<mask> <mask> Strickland was born in the district of Rotherhithe in Southwark (then in Surrey, today part of Greater London) in 1802, fifth daughter of Thomas Strickland and Elizabeth Homer. She grew up in East Anglia, first near Bungay, and later Southwold and was educated at home. After Thomas Strickland died in 1818, <mask> and her sisters turned to writing and editorial work as the main source of family income. Career
Sister to fellow authors Agnes Strickland, Jane Margaret Strickland, Susanna Moodie, and Elisabeth Strickland, Traill was the first of her siblings to commence writing. She began writing children's books in 1818 after the death of her father. Traill's first book The tell tale: an original collection of moral and amusing stories appeared anonymously in 1818; she was only 16.Her early works, such as Disobedience, or Mind What Mama Says (1819) and "Happy Because Good", were written for children, and often dwell on the benefits of obedience to one's parents. A prolific author, until her marriage she averaged one book per year. In 1832, she married Lieutenant <mask>, a retired officer of the Napoleonic Wars and a friend of her sister's husband, John Moodie, despite objections from her family (aside from Susanna). Soon after their marriage, they left for Upper Canada, settling near Peterborough, where her brother Samuel was a surveyor. Her sister, Mrs. Susanna Moodie, emigrated soon afterwards. She described her new life in letters and journals and collected these into The Backwoods of Canada (1836), which continues to be read as an important source of information about early Canada. She describes everyday life in the community, the relationship between Canadians, Americans, and Indigenous peoples, the climate, and local flora and fauna.More observations were included in a novel, Canadian Crusoes (1851). She also collected information concerning the skills necessary for a new settler, published in The Female Emigrant's Guide (1854), later retitled The Canadian Settler's Guide. She wrote  "Pearls and Pebbles" and "Cot and Cradle Stories". After suffering through the depression of 1836, her husband Thomas joined the militia in 1837 to fight against the Upper Canada Rebellion. In 1840, dissatisfied with life in "the backwoods," the Traills and the Moodies both moved to the city of Belleville. While Susanna was more concerned with the differences between rural and urban life, <mask> spent her years in Belleville writing about the natural environment. She often sketched the plant life of Upper Canada, publishing Canadian Wild Flowers (1868), Studies of Plant Life in Canada (1885) and "Rambles in the Canadian Forest".She received a grant c. 1899 from the Royal Bounty Fund, which was supplemented by a subscription from her friends in Canada, headed by Sir Sandford Fleming. She died at her residence, "Westove," in Lakefield, Ontario on 28 August 1899. Her many albums of plant collections are housed in the National Herbarium of Canada at the Canadian Museum of Nature. Recognition
Trent University, in Peterborough, Ontario, named their downtown campus after her. Catharine Parr Traill College is the university's main college for graduate studies. Commemorative postage stamp
On 8 September 2003, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the National Library of Canada, Canada Post released a special commemorative series, "The Writers of Canada", designed by Katalina Kovats and featuring two English-Canadian and two French-Canadian stamps. Three million stamps were issued.Traill and her sister Susanna Moodie were featured on one of the English-Canadian stamps. Selected bibliography
 The Tell Tale – 1818
 Disobedience – 1819
 Reformation – 1819
 Nursery Fables – 1821
 Little Downy – 1822
 The Flower-Basket – 1825
 Prejudice Reproved – 1826
 The Young Emigrants – 1826
 The Juvenile Forget-Me-Not – 1827
The Step Brothers – 1828
 The Keepsake Guineas – 1828
 Amendment – 1828
 Sketches from Nature – 1830
 Sketch Book of a Young Naturalist – 1831
 Narratives of Nature – 1831
 The Backwoods of Canada – 1836
 Canadian Crusoes – 1852
 The Female Emigrant's Guide – 1854
 Lady Mary and Her Nurse – 1856
 Canadian Wild Flowers – 1868, with illustrations by Agnes Dunbar Moodie FitzgibbonAfar in the Forest; or, Pictures of Life and Scenery in the Wilds of Canada – 1869
 Studies of plant life in Canada, or, Gleanings from forest, lake and plain – 1885
 Pearls and Pebbles or Notes of an Old Naturalist – 1894
 <mask>, <mask> Strickland, (1996). I bless you in my heart : selected correspondence of <mask> <mask> <mask>. Ballstadt, Carl, 1931-, Hopkins, Elizabeth, BA., Peterman, Michael A., 1942-. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 3. . OCLC 36640963. Cot and Cradle Stories'' – 1895

References

Further reading

External links

 Information about Traill and her sister Moodie from the Libraries and Archives Canada

 Traill, <mask> Strickland.The Canadian Crusoes; a tale of the Rice Lake plains. New York : C.S. Francis & Co., 1853. Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format. The female emigrant's guide, and hints on Canadian housekeeping (also published under title: The Canadian settler's guide (1855).). Toronto, C.W. : Maclear & Co., 1854.Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format. The Canadian emigrant housekeeper's guide. Toronto : Lovell & Gibson, 1862. Accessed 18 July 2012, in PDF format. (Includes some of the material in The female emigrant's guide, with an appendix of official information and statistics to 1861.) The Chamberlin Digital Collection with books and botanical illustrations

1802 births
1899 deaths
Canadian children's writers
Canadian travel writers
Canadian memoirists
English travel writers
British women travel writers
English children's writers
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
People from Rotherhithe
Victorian women writers
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Canadian women botanists
19th-century Canadian novelists
19th-century Canadian women writers
19th-century Canadian botanists
19th-century Canadian women scientists
Women naturalists
Canadian women memoirists
Canadian women children's writers
British women children's writers
Canadian women novelists
Immigrants to Upper Canada
19th-century memoirists

masks:
Catharine Parr Traill
Catharine
Parr
Catharine
Thomas Traill
Catharine
Traill
Catherine Parr
Catharine
Parr
Traill
Catherine Parr


title: Tyga

texts:
Micheal Ray Stevenson (born November 19, 1989), known professionally as <mask> (a backronym for Thank you God always), is an American rapper. After a number of independent releases, <mask> signed a recording contract with Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records in 2008. His major label debut Careless World: Rise of the Last King was released in 2011 and included the successful singles "Rack City", "Faded" (featuring Lil Wayne), "Far Away" (featuring Chris Richardson), "Still Got It" (featuring Drake), and "Make It Nasty". The album's success was followed up with Hotel California (2013) and Fan of a Fan: The Album (2015), in collaboration with singer Chris Brown. Due to disagreements with Young Money, <mask>'s next album, The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty was released independently on June 23, 2015. The album, executively produced by Kanye West, became his lowest selling album to that point, selling 5,000 album equivalent units in its first week. After a period of poor sales and negative reviews from previous material, his May 2018 single, "Taste" (featuring Offset), peaked at number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100, being his first Top 40 single since "Ayo" with Chris Brown in 2015.The song would later serve as the lead single for his seventh album Legendary, which was eventually released in 2019. Early life
Micheal Ray Stevenson was born in Compton, California, on November 19, 1989, and raised there until he "was about 11, 12", before moving to adjacent Gardena. He was born to Jamaican and Vietnamese parents. His mother was born in Vietnam and has the maiden name Nguyen. He grew up listening to Fabolous, Lil Wayne, Cam'ron and Eminem among many others. On December 3, 2012, debate arose concerning <mask>'s upbringing. <mask> claimed to have been brought up in the low socioeconomic area of Compton, but in leaked footage from the unaired television show Bustas, he claimed he grew up in a "well-to-do" home in the Valley, where his parents drove a Range Rover.He also claimed that he attained his nickname from his mother calling him Tiger Woods. There has been speculation that his claims on the show were satirical and not to be taken seriously. <mask> responded to the video's leak on Twitter: "When u 14 an ambitious u don't give a fuk about anything. Scripted tv isn't that what we all live for. Hahahaha." Career

2007–2010: No Introduction and mixtapes
<mask>'s career began with him releasing a multitude of demo tapes and mixtapes. His 2007 debut mixtape, Young On Probation, garnered the attention of fellow California rapper and Gym Class Heroes lead vocalist, Travie McCoy.Seeing talent in the young artist, McCoy offered him a record deal with the independent label DCD2 Records (known then as Decaydence Records). <mask> also formed the record label G.E.D. Inc. (Grinding every day, Getting every dollar, or Getting educated daily) around the time, the same imprint that helped launch the career of fellow West Coast rapper Schoolboy Q, with whom he's worked with early in his career. <mask> also has a G.E.D. Inc tattoo above his right eyebrow. On June 10, 2008, <mask> released his debut independent album, No Introduction, on Decaydance Records. The album was preceded by the single "Coconut Juice", featuring McCoy.One of the songs from this album, "Diamond Life", was used in the video games Need for Speed: Undercover and Madden NFL 2009, as well as in the 2009 movie Fighting. In late 2008, <mask> signed a new record deal with Lil Wayne's Young Money Entertainment, which was a subsidiary of Cash Money Records at the time. <mask> met Wayne at the 2008 VMA's, performing the remix of Fall Out Boy's "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race". He was first featured on the song "Bedrock" by Young Money soon after signing to the label. He later released the mixtape Fan of a Fan with singer Chris Brown and producers DJ Ill Will and DJ Rockstar. It features other artists such as Bow Wow, Lil Wayne, and Kevin McCall featured in several tracks. Four tracks ("Holla at Me", "G Shit", "No Bullshit" and "Deuces") are also accompanied by music videos.The track "Deuces" was released as the lead single of the mixtape and reached No. 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs by August 26, 2010. The track has also been nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 53rd Grammy Awards. The track, among others, was on the track list of Chris Brown's fourth studio album, F.A.M.E.. Tyga also told MTV in an interview that the mixtape's production took just short of a week. 2011–2012: Careless World: Rise of the Last King
Careless World: Rise of the Last King was his second studio album. The album was released on February 21, 2012, on Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records, and Universal Republic Records. Careless World: Rise of the Last King is a move to the rapping style he featured in the collaboration album We Are Young Money rather than the poppy dance element exemplified on his previous effort, No Introduction.<mask> stated that the album shows he has grown up but still relates to the kids. In preparation for the album, Tyga released the mixtape #BitchImTheShit in December 2011. The first official single, "Far Away", was released on May 17, 2011, and peaked at 86 on the Billboard Hot 100. The second official single, "Still Got It", was released on October 4, 2011, and peaked at 89 on the Billboard Hot 100. The third official single, "Rack City", was released on December 6, 2011. It was originally listed on Tyga's Well Done 2 mixtape, and was added to the album after it gained commercial success. It debuted at number 94 on the Billboard Hot 100, and has peaked at number 8 since then.The fourth official single, "Faded", was released on January 13, 2012. It peaked on the Hot 100 at No. 33. <mask>'s sixth single, "Do My Dance" which features 2 Chainz was released on October 2, 2012, and peaked at No. 79 on the Billboard Hot 100. He has released various mixtapes such as well-acclaimed #BitchImTheShit and Well Done 3. That year <mask> also produced and co-directed (with Justice Young) a multi-AVN Award-nominated crossover adult film, Rack City: The XXX Movie, which starred Skin Diamond, Jada Fire, Ice La Fox, Sophie Dee, Lexington Steele, Kristina Rose, London Keyes and Daisy Marie.He also signed the soundtrack, which includes the hits "Rack City" and "Faded" together with several original songs, and he appeared in the film in a non-sex role. 2012–2013: Hotel California

Tyga's third studio album, Hotel California, was released on April 9, 2013. The first single, "Dope", was released on December 25. The sported a feature from rapper Rick Ross. Before the single dropped Tyga released a nine-track mixtape under the name 187. 187 the mixtape was released on November 30, 2012. It features remixes to songs such as 2 Chainz's "I'm Different", Meek Mill's "Young & Gettin' It" and GOOD Music's "Clique", among others and new material.On episode three of Tyga's tour vlog Tyga confirmed four features on the upcoming album, including Rick Ross, Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, and Wiz Khalifa. <mask> performed at Harvard University's Yardfest in the Spring of 2013, despite opposition from critics who've signed a petition seeking to keep him away over what they call his "violently misogynistic lyrics". At this time, Tyga collaborated with singer Sabi on her song "Cali Love". Hotel California was released on April 9, 2013. The album featured guest appearances from Lil Wayne, Chris Brown, Rick Ross, 2 Chainz, Game, Wiz Khalifa, Future and Jadakiss. Along with production by Cool & Dre, D. A. Doman, DJ Mustard, Detail, Mars of 1500 or Nothin', The Olympicks, and SAP among others. The album was supported by three official singles — "Dope" which features Rick Ross, "For the Road" featuring Chris Brown, and "Show You" featuring Future, along with the promotional single "Molly".The album was met with generally mixed reviews from music critics. It also was less successful than his debut album commercially, debuting at number seven on the U.S. Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 54,000 copies in the United States. 2013–2015: The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty

On August 27, 2013, <mask> released a new single with DJ Mustard, "Throw It Up". It was also revealed that he was working on two new mixtapes, Black Thought 3 and Well Done 4, as well as The Gold Album. On October 21, 2013, <mask> premiered "Wait for a Minute" featuring Justin Bieber. It was released to iTunes the following day.He then confirmed that an album would be released in early 2014. He also explained that the album would, be more "way less commercial". He also said "I felt like Hotel California was more commercial and I made more radio-type records. This album is straight rap." Then on April 9, 2014, Tyga released a song called "Hookah" which features the rapper Young Thug. On May 1, 2014, <mask> made a tweet referring to Kanye West,

masks: Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga


title: Tyga

texts:
 Mike Dean, and his own producer Jess Jackson with a hash-tag The Gold Album. Kanye West served as the executive producer for the album, which was slated for release on November 18, 2014.<mask> was also featured on Chris Brown's single "Loyal", he was featured on the video version, the song since then peaked at number nine on the US Billboard Hot 100. On May 28, 2014, <mask> released a new song entitled "Real Deal" via SoundCloud. "Real Deal" was later released on iTunes on August 1, 2014. On September 12, 2014, <mask> announced via his instagram that his new single titled "40 Mill" would be produced by Kanye West, Mike Dean, Dupri and his own producer Jess Jackson, artwork, The release date was not revealed though. The album was set to have features from Justin Bieber, Young Thug, Kanye West, Chris Brown, and Drake. <mask> criticized Drake in an October 2014 interview, calling Drake "fake" and said that he did not like Nicki Minaj. On October 21, 2014, <mask> lashed out on his record label Young Money Entertainment, reporting that his album was completed, but that his music was being "held hostage" by the label, who would not allow him to release it, and stated that he was considering leaking the album.On December 4, 2014, <mask> made a tweet declaring his project, The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty would be released independently due to not being on good terms with label Cash Money Records. In February 2015, <mask> released a collaborative album with Chris Brown, titled "Fan of a Fan: The Album. Supported by the #21 peaking Billboard single "Ayo", the album peaked at No. 7 on the Billboard Hot 200 and featured guest appearances from 50 Cent, T.I., Pusha T, Wale, Ty Dolla Sign, Schoolboy Q, Boosie Badazz, and Fat Trel. On June 23, 2015, <mask> released The Gold Album for streaming exclusively on Spotify then later on Apple Music. The album became his worst selling album to date, selling roughly 2,000 units on its opening week. His reality show Kingin' with Tyga premiered on July 24, 2015, on MTV2.2016–2017: Signing to GOOD Music and BitchImTheShit2

On September 7, 2016, Kanye West, who, like <mask>, was in a relationship to a Kardashian at the time, announced that he had signed Tyga to his GOOD Music imprint, under the aegis of Def Jam Recordings. On July 17, 2017, it was announced that <mask> will join as a series regular in the third season of the VH1 slasher television series Scream. He starred in the role of Jamal Elliot. The season premiered on July 8, 2019. On July 21, 2017, <mask> released his fifth studio album, BitchImTheShit2, the sequel to his 2011 mixtape #BitchImTheShit. 2018–present: Kyoto, commercial resurgence and Legendary

On February 16, 2018, <mask> released his sixth studio album, Kyoto. The album was panned by critics and sold poorly, becoming his first album to fail to chart anywhere.On May 16, 2018, <mask> released the single "Taste" featuring Offset of Migos. The song was a hit, becoming one of the biggest songs of summer 2018 and peaking  at number 8 on the US Billboard Hot 100. It marked <mask>'s first entry on the Hot 100 in three years, since 2015's Ride Out, and is certified 4x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The song is considered the catalyst for <mask>'s return to the mainstream music spotlight after almost 5 years of poor sales and negative reviews, being considered his "comeback" record. Following the success of "Taste", <mask> released a number of other singles throughout the latter of 2018, beginning with "Swish", which was certified gold, and later released "Dip" featuring Nicki Minaj, which was certified platinum. He was also featured on Iggy Azalea's platinum single, "Kream". <mask>'s seventh album Legendary was released in June 2019.In 2019, YG released the single "Go Loko", which featured <mask>. He stated, "We wanted to do something different to kinda try to bring all Latins together" and "Even YG could tell you, he grew up around all Mexicans, so we really wanted to do something to give back to the culture." In July 2020, Tyga partnered with businessman Robert Earl to launch a virtual kitchen brand called Tyga Bites, which uses existing restaurants' kitchens to produce branded menu items such as boneless chicken wings for delivery service only. In 2021, <mask> competed on the sixth season of The Masked Singer as "Dalmatian". He was the first of Group B to be eliminated. Personal life
<mask> met Blac Chyna on October 5, 2011, at The F.A.M.E Tour After Party with Chris Brown at King of Diamonds in Miami. Blac Chyna became Tyga's leading lady in his "Rack City" music video.They became an official couple on November 9, 2011, and posed for the cover of Urban Ink magazine in March 2012. On October 16, 2012, their son King Cairo Stevenson was born; and <mask> purchased a $6.5 million mansion in Calabasas, California for his new family. Both parents sport tattoos of their son's name. In December 2012, Blac Chyna confirmed that she and <mask> were engaged. The couple split in 2014. After months of speculation, <mask> finally confirmed his relationship with reality star Kylie Jenner. However, this relationship sparked controversy in the tabloids, because of the age difference, and they were reportedly dating since Jenner was 16.The legal age of consent in the state of California is 18. Photos of him and Jenner first seen holding hands in Mexico went viral a few days after her 18th birthday. The couple split in April 2017. <mask> also dated the British social media celebrity, Demi Rose Mawby, for a short while in 2016. In October 2021, <mask> was arrested by police over domestic abuse charges. Robbery
In June 2008, <mask> was robbed of his jewelry by unknown assailants. A pair of diamond chains would end up in the hands of local rapper 40 Glocc, who showed them off in an online video.Tyga would eventually admit to the robbery, but said 40 Glocc wasn't behind it. "Some niggas seen me and ran up on me with a little burner... I guess 40 Glocc's peoples robbed the peoples that got me, and then hopped on YouTube, talking about they robbed me." Legal issues
In late 2012, <mask> was sued by two women who appeared in the "Make It Nasty" video for $10 million each; they claimed he had shown their nipples without their consent. They were assured that this would be edited out and the unedited version would not be released, but Tyga proceeded to release a fully unedited version. On September 21, 2013, another woman from the video sued Tyga for sexual battery, fraud, invasion of privacy, and infliction of emotional distress. She claims, like the two other women who have filed suit against him, that she was convinced to dance topless and assured her breasts would be edited out.On September 4, 2013, it was reported Tyga had been sued by Beverly Hills-based jeweler Jason for allegedly not paying for roughly $91,000 worth of jewelry. Jason claims that Tyga agreed to pay $28,275 for the jeweler's diamond pantheon watch in August 2012 and that he borrowed a $63,000 diamond Cuban link chain in December 2012 and never returned the item, so he sued Tyga for the cost of both pieces, plus late fees, which totaled up to $185,306.50 in damages, double the original total cost. Tyga fell ill before the interrogation of this debt and was considered not able to proceed. He also did not bring the documents he was supposed to, however, he paid $100,000 of the $200,000 owed to his client. In June 2015, a judge ordered Tyga to pay an $80,000 settlement to a former landlord, who rented a home to the rapper in the city of Calabasas, California. It was the second ruling in the case, following a judgement in May 2015, in which he was ordered to pay $90,000, though the debt was never paid. In September 2015, the state of California placed a tax lien on Tyga for $19,000 in unpaid taxes.On his birthday, he was given a lawsuit in 2016. Discography

Studio albums
 No Introduction (2008)
 Careless World: Rise of the Last King (2012)
 Hotel California (2013)
 The Gold Album: 18th Dynasty (2015)
 BitchImTheShit2 (2017)
 Kyoto (2018)
 Legendary (2019)

Collaborative albums
Fan of a Fan: The Album  (2015)

Tours

Opening act
 Between the Sheets Tour  (2015)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Tyga on Spotify

1989 births
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
American male rappers
American musicians of Vietnamese descent
American rappers of Asian descent
American rappers of Jamaican descent
Cash Money Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Crush Management artists
Decaydance Records artists
Def Jam Recordings artists
GOOD Music artists
Living people
Musicians from Compton, California
People from Gardena, California
People from Greater Los Angeles
Rappers from Los Angeles
Republic Records artists
West Coast hip hop musicians
Young Money Entertainment artists
OnlyFans creators
American people of Vietnamese

masks: Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga Tyga


title: Decimus Burton

texts:
<mask>  (30 September 1800 – 14 December 1881) was one of the foremost English architects and urban designers of the 19th century. He was the foremost Victorian architect in the Roman revival, Greek revival, Georgian neoclassical and Regency styles. He was accomplished also in the cottage orné, picturesque and neogothic styles. He was a founding fellow and, later, vice-president of the Royal Institute of British Architects, and architect to the Royal Botanic Society from 1840 and an early member of the Athenaeum Club, London, whose club premises he designed and which the company of father, <mask>, the pre-eminent property developer of Georgian London, built. Modern architectural historians Guy Williams (1990) and Dana Arnold (2004) contend that <mask>'s contribution to architecture has been underestimated: as a consequence of the misattribution to John Nash of many of his works; of his vituperation by his neo-gothic rival, Augustus Pugin; and of the consequent retention of his archives by his family. <mask>'s projects include Hyde Park, London (including the gate or screen at Hyde Park Corner, Wellington Arch, Cumberland Gate, Stanhope Gate, Grosvenor Gate, and the Prince of Wales's Gate, Knightsbridge); Green Park and St James's Park; Regent's Park, London (including Cornwall Terrace, York Terrace, Clarence Terrace, Chester Terrace, and the villas of the Inner Circle (which included his own mansion, The Holme, and the original Winfield House); the enclosure of the forecourt of Buckingham Palace, from which he had Nash's Marble Arch facing the Palace moved to its present site; the clubhouse of the Athenaeum Club; Carlton House Terrace; Spring Gardens in St. James's; and the Palm House and the Temperate House at Kew Gardens. Outside London, Burton planned, and designed the architecture of, the seaside towns of St Leonards-on-Sea Fleetwood, Folkestone with the Leas promenade and the spa town Tunbridge Wells.His development of the Calverley Estate, of which only a small proportion survives, that contained elements of the neoclassical, the Old English and the neogothic styles, was highly commended: it has been described as "a landmark in English domestic architecture". For two decades he was engaged on a vast landscaping project to renovate Phoenix Park in Dublin. He was the architect of Dublin Zoo, and of the renewal of the sea-side resort of Queenstown. Decimus was the tenth child of <mask>. He was taught by his father, Sir John Soane and John Nash. Decimus's siblings included <mask>, the Egyptologist, and <mask>, the physician, and he was a cousin of the Canadian author, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, and of the British civil servant Lord Haliburton. <mask> was a leading member of London society during the late Georgian and Regency eras.He has been described by Williams as "rich, cool, well-dressed, apparently celibate, the designer and prime member of the Athenaeum, one of London's grandest gentlemens' clubs", and as one who was treated by the aristocracy "more as a friend than as a professional advisor". He had close friendships with Princess Victoria (the future Queen Victoria); the Duchess of Kent; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire, John Wilson Croker, Sir John Soane, John Nash and Sir Humphry Davy. Family
Decimus was the tenth child of <mask>, a pre-eminent London property developer (1761–1837), and Elizabeth Westley (12 December 1761 – 14 January 1837), of Loughton, Essex, the daughter of John and Mary Westley. His father was born James Haliburton, and shortened his surname to <mask> in 1794, between the births of his fourth and fifth children. The paternal grandfather was William Haliburton (1731–1785), a London property developer of Scottish descent. On his father's side, Decimus's great-great grandparents were Rev. James Haliburton (1681–1756) and Margaret Eliott, daughter of Sir William Eliott, 2nd Baronet and aunt of George Augustus Eliott, 1st Baron Heathfield.Decimus was descended from John Haliburton (1573–1627), from whom Sir Walter Scott was descended on the maternal side. <mask> was a cousin of the Canadian author and barrister Thomas Chandler Haliburton and of the British civil servant Lord Haliburton, who was the first native Canadian to be raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom. Education and architectural style
Decimus was born at the 'very comfortable and well staffed' North House in the newly built Southampton Terrace, Bloomsbury, London. From 1805, Decimus was raised in his father's mansion, Mabledon House, in Kent. Subsequent to the birth of his twelfth child, Jessy, in 1804, Decimus's father <mask> had purchased a site on a hill about one mile to the south of Tonbridge in Kent, where he constructed, to the designs of the architect Joseph T. Parkinson, in 1805, the large country mansion which he named Mabledon House, which was described in 1810 by the local authority as 'an elegant imitation of an ancient castellated mansion'. The majority of the stone that <mask> required for Mabledon was quarried from the hill on which it was to be built, but <mask> also purchased the stone that had been released by the recent demolition of a nearby mansion, Penhurst Place. <mask> <mask> was coincidentally commissioned to expand Mabledon, his childhood home, on several occasions after it had been sold by his father.Tuition by his father and George Maddox
Decimus first trained with his father and received drawing lessons from George Maddox. Decimus's father James was a talented architect, in addition to the foremost contemporaneous property developer. Williams says of <mask>, "[He] was no ordinary builder. He could have put up an imposing and beautifully proportioned building, correct in every constructional detail, from the roughest of sketches tossed patronizingly at him by a 'gentleman architect'", and "<mask> became adept at relieving the monotony of long residential terraces by allowing their central blocks to project slightly from the surfaces to each side, and by bringing forward, too, the houses at each end", and that "the ironwork in a classical style in <mask>'s Bloomsbury terraces was, and often still is, particularly fine, though mass produced". Samuel Pepys Cockerell, advisor to the Governors of the Foundling Hospital, a contemporary of <mask>, commended <mask>'s architectural excellence: Without such a man, possessed of very considerable talents, unwearied industry, and a capital of his own, the extraordinary success of the improvement of the Foundling Estate could not have taken place... By his own peculiar resources of mind, he has succeeded in disposing of his buildings and rents, under all disadvantages of war, and of an unjust clamour which has repeatedly been raised against him. Mr <mask> was ready to come forward with money and personal assistance to relieve and help forward those builders who were unable to proceed in their contracts; and in some instances he has been obliged to resume the undertaking and complete himself what has been weakly and imperfectly proceeded with.... In 1815, <mask> took Decimus to Hastings, where the two would later design and build St Leonards-on-Sea and, in 1816, Decimus commenced work in <mask>'s office.Whilst working for his father, Decimus was present in the design and construction of Regent Street St. James. Simultaneously, Maddox taught Decimus architectural draughtsmanship, including the details of the five orders. After his first year of tuition by his father and Maddox, Decimus submitted to the Royal Academy a design for a bridge, which was commended by the academy. Tuition at Royal Academy Schools by John Soane
<mask> has been described by Williams as "an exceptionally clever child" who demonstrated a lack of emotion characteristic of his family. Decimus left Tonbridge School in 1816 and entered directly the Royal Academy Schools, in 1817. His contemporaries at the Royal Academy included Sidney Smirke, with whom he would restore Temple Church, London between 1841 and 1843, and William Tite. As a consequence of his father's social position, <mask> was able to enter the Schools at an unprecedentedly young age, without having been previously articled to an architect.There he was taught by Sir John Soane, for whom his brother, James, had also worked. Soane was an advocate of the Neo-Palladian style, but had repudiated, including to his students, Robert Smirke's new Opera House, which had not been built in proportion: Soane used special diagrams to demonstrate to his students, including <mask>, the failings of Smirke's design, as a consequence of which he was ostracized within the Royal Academy and compelled to suspend his lectures. Soane commended, in contradistinction, in 1815, as an archetype of neoclassical excellence, Robert Adam's [Kedleston Hall]: "In this superb structure he [Adam] has united... the taste and magnificence of a Roman villa with all the comforts and conveniences of an English Nobleman's residence". Tuition by John Nash
Whereas <mask>'s father <mask> was vigorously industrious, and had become 'most gratifyingly rich', John Nash's early years in private practice, and his first speculative developments, which failed either to sell or let, were unsuccessful, and his consequent financial shortage was exacerbated by the 'crazily extravagant' wife whom he had married before he had completed his training, until he was declared bankrupt in 1783. To resolve his financial shortage, Nash cultivated the acquaintance of <mask>, who consented to patronize him. <mask> was responsible for the social and financial patronage of the majority of Nash's London designs, in addition to for their construction, and <mask> became acquainted with Nash through his father. Architectural scholar Guy Williams has written, 'John Nash relied on <mask> for moral and financial support in his great enterprises.Decimus had showed precocious talent as a draughtsman and as an exponent of the classical style... John Nash needed the son's aid, as well as the father's'. Subsequent to the Crown Estate's refusal to finance them, <mask> agreed to personally finance the construction projects of John Nash at Regent's Park, which he had already been commissioned to construct. In return, Nash agreed to promote the career of <mask> <mask>. Nash was a vehement advocate of the neoclassical revival endorsed by Soane, although he had lost interest in the plain stone edifices typical of the Georgian style, and instead advocated the use of stucco. <mask> <mask> entered the office of Nash in 1815, where he worked alongside Augustus Charles Pugin, who detested the neoclassical style. Decimus established his own architectural practice in 1821. In 1821, Nash invited Decimus to design Cornwall Terrace in Regent's Park, and Decimus was also invited by George Bellas Greenough, a close friend of the Prince Regent, Humphry Davy, and Nash, to design Grove House in Regent's Park.Greenough's invitation to <mask> <mask> was 'virtually a family affair', for Greenhough had dined frequently with Decimus's parents and Decimus's brothers, including the physician <mask>. Greenough and Decimus finalized their designs during numerous meetings at the opera. Decimus's design, when the villa had been completed, was described in The Proceedings of the Royal Society as, 'One of the most elegant and successful adaptations of the Grecian style to purposes of modern domestic architecture to be found in this or any country'. Subsequently, Nash invited <mask> to design Clarence Terrace, Regent's Park. Nash was appointed architectural 'overseer' for Decimus's Regent's Park projects: Cornwall Terrace, York Terrace, Chester Terrace, Clarence Terrace, the villas along the Inner Circle, including The Holme and the London Colosseum attraction, to Thomas Hornor's specifications. However, to Nash's great annoyance, Decimus disregarded the latter's advice and developed the terraces according to his own style. As a result, Nash sought, unsuccessfully, to demolish and completely rebuild Chester Terrace.Decimus subsequently eclipsed his master and emerged as the dominant force in the design of Carlton House Terrace, where he exclusively designed No. 3 and No.4. Decimus also designed some of the villas of the Inner Circle: his villa for the Marquess of Hertford has been described as, 'decorated simplicity, such as the hand of taste, aided by the purse of wealth can alone execute'. Other influences

Decimus was a polymath and a philomath and extremely erudite in both arts and sciences, as was demonstrated by the diversity of his library – a part of which was auctioned off by his nieces after his death. The sale catalogue listed 347 separate lots, some of which ran into many volumes. The collection bore witness to the range of his intellectual interests. It contained the Proceedings of the Camden Society complete in 135 volumes and transactions of many of the learned societies of which <mask> was a member, as well as a complete set of the Histoire Naturelle (70 vols.)of G. L. L. Buffon and Bernard Germain de Lacépède. The architectural texts comprised mostly standard works on classical architecture, such as the five volumes of Colen Campbell, Vitruvius Britannicus by John Woolfe and James Gandon, James Gibbs's Book of Architecture, and William Kent's The Designs of Inigo Jones. Alongside these, there were numerous topographical views and surveys of cities and counties in the collection. There were also some foreign-language texts, including volumes by Charles Percier and Jean-Baptiste Rondelet, a complete set of Giovanni Battista Piranesi's works, and several dictionaries. The absence of an educative Grand Tour early in his career meant that his books and casts were the sources for his early designs, which are technically formal and academic in style. However, later on he did travel extensively in Europe and North America. His first tours were of France and Spain, in 1826.He toured the Netherlands in 1846 and Germany in 1850. He toured Italy, including Venice. He toured Canada and the United States, after departing Liverpool for Halifax, Nova Scotia, with his cousin Thomas Chandler Haliburton, a Tory MP and author. <mask> collected an extensive collection of casts, which informed his work, over 200 of which he donated to the Victoria and Albert Museum, which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries. Amongst <mask>'s possession on his death were an oil painting of St. John, copied by Sir Joshua Reynolds from a work by Raphael; a model of the Temple on the Ilissus at Athens; a statuette of an Angel copied from an original by Thorwaldsen; framed drawings of 'A Royal Palace' by Joseph Gandy ARA (b. 1771), who had been described as 'an English Piranesi'; and a bronze lamp suspended from a snake's mouth. Although he was the leading exponent of Greek revival architecture, <mask> was uniquely and significantly influenced by Ancient Roman architecture.It was in his Georgian neoclassical work that he attained the acme of his excellence. Dana Arnold (2002) described his Neoclassical work thus:

"His use of the orders is always correct, but he showed a lack of pedantry in their application that sets him apart from some of his more doctrinaire contemporaries, such as Hamilton and Smirke. From Nash he had learned

masks:
Decimus Burton
James Burton
Burton
Burton
James Burton
James Burton
Henry Burton
Burton
James Burton
Burton
Burton
James Burton
James Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
James Burton
James Burton
James Burton
James Burton
James Burton
Burton
James Burton
James Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Decimus
James Burton
James Burton
James Burton
Decimus
James Burton
James Burton
Decimus
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Henry Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton


title: Decimus Burton

texts:
 to combine the classical and the picturesque, and it is the picturesque that is predominant in much of his later work". In his later career, Decimus designed buildings in the Gothic revival style, the old English style and in the cottage orné style. His Gothic revival designs are unoriginal as he had little sympathy for the style. Life

<mask> has been described, by architectural scholar Guy Williams, as "rich, cool, well-dressed, apparently celibate, the designer and prime member of the Athenaeum, one of London's grandest gentlemens' clubs" where <mask> "mixed with many of the greatest in the land, meeting the most creative as well as those with enormous hereditary wealth". By 1826, the name of <mask> <mask> "was on the lips of everyone who cared at all about the arts and architecture": he was "very well liked [and] his modesty, politeness, and upright bearing were endearing" and "his integrity and professional competence were worthy of the greatest respect".<mask> was treated by the aristocracy 'more as a friend than as a professional advisor' and his close friendships with, and patronage by, the aristocracy were undamaged by the vituperation of both his person and his neoclassical architecture by Augustus Pugin and his disciples. The Proceedings of the Royal Society commended <mask>'s "extreme amiability of character". The <mask>s' social circle included Princess Victoria; the Duchess of Kent; William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire; John Wilson Croker; John Nash; Sir Humphry Davy; George Bellas Greenough; Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood; and their Canadian cousin, Thomas Chandler Haliburton. Decimus and his siblings, Jane, James (born 1786), Septimus, the solicitor, Octavia, and Jessy, would host Thomas on his visits to London. <mask> was "on excellent terms" with Princess Victoria, and with the Duchess of Kent. The Princess and the Duchess, with several courtiers, had laid the foundation stone of a Decimus <mask> School in Tunbridge Wells, and, five weeks later, in autumn 1834, they had stayed, by <mask>'s invitation, at <mask>'s private villa at St Leonards-on-Sea, until several weeks into 1835. From 1818, <mask> resided, with his father, at The Holme, Regent's Park, which has been described as "one of the most desirable private homes in London", which was designed as the <mask> family mansion by Decimus, and built by <mask>'s own company.The Holme was the second villa to be built in Regent's Park, and the first of those to be designed or constructed by the <mask> family. The hallmark of the <mask> design is the large semi-circular bay that divided the principal elevation, and which extended for two storeys. The original villa also had a conservatory of polygonal form, which used wrought iron glazing bars, then only recently patented, instead of the then customary wooden bars. The first villa to be constructed in the park was St. John's Lodge by John Raffield. <mask> bought from the Crown a plot at Spring Gardens, St. James's Park, at the east end of The Mall, where he constructed, in the Georgian neoclassical townhouse style, No. 10, 12, and 14 Spring Gardens, as both his townhouse and his principal office. The buildings no longer exist, but elevations of them appear in the former LCC's Survey of London Vol.XX, and views of their interiors have been preserved in Hastings Museum. At the end of 1834, <mask> had two "comfortable well-staffed homes", one in Spring Gardens and one at Tunbridge Wells, where he had another office at No. 10 Calverley Parade, where the Tunbridge Wells Town Hall now stands. Williams records that, for <mask>, "Money was rolling in. Income tax was of no concern. [<mask>] had a brother who could look after his business affairs and see to his investments". <mask> retired in 1869, and subsequently resided at his homes at Gloucester Gardens, Kensington, and St. Leonards Lodge, St. Leonards-on-Sea, which adjoined 'The Uplands' and 'The Lawn' developments which he had designed.He never married nor had issue. He died in December 1881, at 1 Gloucester Road, Kensington, and was buried in Kensal Green Cemetery, alongside his brother <mask>, and his sister Jessy <mask>. Decimus was the last of his siblings to die. Over his grave is a tapering sarcophagus of grey Cornish granite, on a stepped base, with a shallow pyramidal cover. His tomb was Grade II listed building in 2001. On his death, his property, including his extensive library and all of his architectural drafts and notes passed to surviving members of his family, mostly to his nephew Alfred Henry <mask> (d.1917) or his two unmarried nieces, Helen and Emily Jane Wood, who subsequently sold their share, despite that he had left his library to the Royal Institute of British Architects, of which he had served as president. However, <mask> donated 200 of his extensive collection of casts, which informed his work, to the Victoria and Albert Museum, which displayed 18 of the same in its British Galleries.Amongst <mask>'s possession on his death were an oil painting of St. John, copied by Sir Joshua Reynolds from a work by Raphael; a model of the Temple on the Ilissus at Athens; a statuette of an Angel copied from an original by Thorwaldsen; framed drawings of 'A Royal Palace' by Joseph Gandy ARA (b. 1771), who had been described as 'an English Piranesi'; and a bronze lamp suspended from a snake's mouth. An obituary notice said "No architect was better known, and none was better respected, for he was amiable, considerable, and gentle to all". Career

Central London Parks
During the second half of the 1820s, the Commissioners of Woods and Forests and the King resolved that Hyde Park, and the area around it, must be renovated to the extent of the splendor of rival European capital cities, and that the essence of the new arrangement would be a triumphal approach to Buckingham Palace, which had been recently completed. The committee of the project, led by the Prime Minister, Lord Liverpool, and advised by Charles Arbuthnot, President of the Board of Commissioners of Woods and Forests, selected <mask> <mask> as the project's architect: in 1828, when giving evidence to a Parliamentary select committee on the Government's spending on public works, Arbuthnot explained that he had nominated <mask> 'having seen in the Regent's Park, and elsewhere, works which pleased my eye, from their architectural beauty and correctness'. <mask> intended to create an urban space dedicated to the celebration of the House of Hanover, national pride, and the nation's heroes. The renovation of Hyde Park, Green Park, and St James's Park, began, in 1825, with the demarcation of new drives and pathways, subsequent to which <mask> designed new lodges and gates, viz.Cumberland Gate, Stanhope Gate, Grosvenor Gate, the Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner, and, later, the Prince of Wales's Gate, Knightsbridge, in the classical style. There were no authoritative precedents for such buildings, which required windows and chimney stacks, in the classical style, and, in the words of Guy Williams, '<mask>'s reticent treatment of the supernumerary features' and of the cast iron gates and railings, was 'greatly admired'. At Hyde Park Corner, the King required that 'some great ceremonial outwork that would be worthy of the new palace that lay to its rear', and accepted <mask>'s consequent proposal for a sequence comprising a gateway and a classical screen, and a triumphal arch, which would enable those approaching Buckingham Palace from the north to ride or drive first through the screen and then through the arch, before turning left to descend Constitution Hill and enter the forecourt of Buckingham Palace through Nash's Marble Arch. The screen became the Roman revival Hyde Park Gate/Screen at Hyde Park Corner, which delighted the King and his Committee, and which architectural historian Guy Williams describes as 'one of the most pleasing architectural works that have survived from the neo-classical age'. The triumphal arch became the Wellington Arch at Constitution Hill into Green Park, London, which has been described as 'one of London's best loved landmarks'. <mask> designed the arch's iron gates, which were constructed by Bramah and Co. of Pimlico. Burton's original design for the triumphal arch, which was modelled on the Arch of Titus at Rome, on which the central and side blocks of the Screen had been modelled, was more technically perfect, and coherent with the Screen, than that of the arch that was subsequently built: this original design, however, was rejected by the committee – who had envisaged a design based on the Arch of Constantine (on which Nash's Marble Arch had been modelled) – because it was not sufficiently ostentatious.<mask> created a new design, 'to pander to the majestic ego', which was much larger and modelled on a fragment found in the Ancient Roman forum, which was accepted on 14 January 1826, and subsequently built as the present Wellington Arch. Sculpture of the Triumphal Arch
The arch at Constitution Hill was left devoid of decorative sculpture as a result of the moratorium in 1828 on public building work, and, instead, despite the absolute objection of <mask>, was mounted with an ungainly equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington by Matthew Cotes Wyatt, the son of the then recently deceased James Wyatt, who had been selected by statue's commissioner, and one of its few subsequent advocates, Sir Frederick Trench. Matthew Cotes Wyatt was not competent: Guy Williams contends that he was 'not noticeably talented', and the Dictionary of National Biography that 'thanks to royal and other influential patronage, Wyatt enjoyed a reputation and practice to which his mediocre abilities hardly entitled him'. Trench, and his patrons the Duke and Duchess of Rutland, had told the public subscribers to the statue that the statue would be place on top of <mask>'s triumphal arch at Hyde Park Corner: <mask> expressed his opposition to this proposal 'as plainly and as vehemently as his nature allowed' consistently over successive years, because the ungainly statue would 'disfigure' his arch, for which it was much too large, and the surrounding neighbourhood, because it would have to be placed, contrary to all classical precedent, across, instead of parallel with, the roadway under the arch. <mask> had envisaged that his arch would be topped with only a small quadriga whose horses would have been parallel with the road under the arch. <mask>'s objections were extensively endorsed by most of the aristocratic residents of London. A writer in The Builder asked Lord Canning, the First Commissioner for Woods and Forests, to ban the project: "We have learnt, and can state positively, that Mr. <mask> has the strongest objection possible against placing the group in question on the archway... and that he is taking no part whatever in the alteration proposed to be made in the upper part of the structure to prepare it to receive the pedestal... Mr. <mask>, through the mildness which characterizes him, has not expressed this opinion so loudly and so publicly as he ought to have done.... an opinion prevails very generally, that he is a party to the proceedings, and this has induced many to be silent who would otherwise have spoken...".The Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, contended that another site would be preferable, and proposed, on behalf of the Crown, to offer any other site, but the statue's subscribers rejected all alternative proposals. Every single MP except Sir Frederick Trench wanted the statue to be placed elsewhere. Canning wrote that 'the remonstrances which reach Her Majesty's Government against the proposed appropriation of the arch are so many and so strong, the representations of its architect, Mr. <mask>, in the same sense, are so earnest, and the opinion of every other eminent architect, artist, or other competent authority who has been consulted on the subject is so decided [against the placing of the Wellington statue on the arch]". <mask> <mask> himself wrote, "The arch would, I consider, suffer greatly in importance if the colossal statue in question be placed there, because it would become a mere pedestal. The want of proportion in the proposed surmount, compared with the columns and other details of the architecture, would show that they had been designed by different hands, and without reference for each other. ...I have desired to witness the completion of this building, as originally designed by me, and as approved by the Lords of the Treasury, yet I would prefer that the building should remain for the present in its forlorn and bare state, rather than a colossal equestrian statue should be placed upon it... I fear that if this appropriation of the building should be decided upon, a proposition would soon be made for removing altogether the facades of columns, the slender proportions of which would appear so incongruous and out of proportion compared with the prodigious dimensions of the statue".<mask> had realized that the disciples of Pugin and advocates of Pugin's anti-classicism would remove all classical elements from his arch if permitted the opportunity to do so. The Government placed the Wellington statue on the arch in autumn 1846: Williams contends that the product was 'ridiculous'. The Builder contended, down, unquestionably, it must come. As the network of timber is removed, spar by spar, from before it, so do the folly of the experiment, the absurdity of the conjunction, and the greatness of the sacrifice become apparent. Its effect is even worse than we anticipated – the destruction of the arch by the statue, and of the statue by its elevation on the arch, more complete. Every post brings us letters urging renewed efforts to remove te figure to another site. The contestation about the prospective removal of the statue became national.However, the Government failed to remove the statue, despite that they had professed, when it had been placed, that they would do so if it provoked the aversion which it had provoked. Foreign intellectuals who visited London identified the incongruous fusion of the statue and the arch as 'spectacular confirmation' of the 'artistic ignorance of the English'. Architectural historian Guy Williams writes that "[the] arch at Hyde Park Corner is a visible reminder of one of the fiercest attacks that have ever been launched in the worlds of art and architecture. The face of London might have been very different now – freer, perhaps, of the 'monstrous carbuncles' so disliked by the present Prince of Wales – if the attacked party [<mask> <mask>] had been a little more pugnacious, and so better equipped to stand his ground". In 1847 the problem of accommodating Queen Victoria's expanding family was becoming acute. It was "solved" in two steps by <mask> <mask> and W.A. Nesfield.With his eye for landscape, <mask> had John Nash's triumphal monument, originally intended as the entrance to the palace, relocated to the north eastern corner of Hyde Park. He consulted on filling in the Buckingham Palace forecourt, creating new interiors and the palace Facade we know today. The Royal Family were able to move in to more spacious premises. Moving the arch, stone by stone, was left to the engineering skills of Thomas Cubitt

masks:
Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
James Burton
Burton
Burton
James Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Henry Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Decimus
Burton
Burton