title: Sheridan Smith

texts:
<mask> OBE (born 25 June 1981) is an English actress, singer and presenter. <mask> came to prominence after playing a variety of characters on sitcoms such as The Royle Family (1999–2000), Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps (2001–2009), Gavin & Stacey (2008–2010), and Benidorm (2009). She played the role of Joey Ross on the drama series Jonathan Creek (2009–2013) and went on to receive acclaim for starring in a succession of television dramas, such as Mrs Biggs (2012), Cilla (2014), The C Word (2015), Black Work (2015), and The Moorside (2017). Her feature film credits include Tower Block (2012), Quartet (2012), and The Huntsman: Winter's War (2016). <mask> has performed in the West End musicals Little Shop of Horrors (2007), Legally Blonde (2010), Funny Girl (2016), and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat (2019). She released her debut album, <mask>, in 2017. Her second album, A Northern Soul, was released in 2018.In late 2006, <mask> started voicing Lucie Miller for Doctor Who, as part of the BBC7 Big Finish audio range, alongside Paul McGann's Eighth Doctor, in the story Blood of the Daleks. <mask> is the recipient of two Laurence Olivier Awards, a British Academy Television Award, a National Television Award and a BPG Award, as well as two International Emmy Award nominations. She was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to drama. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on 25 June 1981 in Epworth, the only daughter of Marylin <mask> and the late <mask> (1936–2016). Her grandfather was a banjo player in Yorkshire and later played as a trio with his daughters. <mask> studied dance at the Joyce Mason School of Dancing from an early age. She later attended South Axholme Comprehensive School; she was a member of the National Youth Music Theatre from 1995 to 2001, performing a number of understudy roles in productions such as Bugsy Malone, Pendragon, and Into the Woods.She completed her further education at John Leggott College in Scunthorpe. Career

Film and television
From 1999 to 2000, <mask> played Emma in The Royle Family. She played Janet Keogh in the long-running series Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps from 2001 until 2009. In February 2003, she appeared in "Immediate Care", an episode of The Royal, where she played the part of Francesca Wheeler, a teenage girl who was suffering from leukemia. In 2004, she made a one-episode appearance in Mile High as Suzy, an airport cleaner who impersonates a flight attendant in an attempt to become cabin crew. She also featured in The Comic Strips 2005 episode "Sex Actually" as Angie. <mask> played Cleo Martin in Love Soup (2005) and starred as Michelle, a hypocritical nutritionist, in three series of the sitcom Grownups (2006–2009).She has also appeared on The Lenny Henry Show as M.E. Westmocott, a role spoofing the various medical examiners on CSI. In the 2009 Two Pints of Lager Comic Relief special, which crossed over with Grownups, she played her characters from both series. <mask> has also appeared in a number of other shows including the BBC's Eyes Down, in which she played Sandy, and smaller parts in shows such as The Bill and Fat Friends. She featured as Rudi: <mask>'s little sister in the second and third series of the BBC Three sitcom Gavin & Stacey. She guest starred in the Christmas 2008 episode of Lark Rise to Candleford. Since 2009, she has played Joey Ross in special seasonal episodes of Jonathan Creek, namely "The Grinning Man" (2009), "The Judas Tree" (2010), and "The Clue of the Savant's Thumb" (2013).She played Brandy in the third series of Benidorm. During 2010, <mask> acted as a mentor to the contestants of the BBC show Over the Rainbow. Sky Arts' Chekhov Comedy Shorts also featured <mask> in 2010 when she starred as Natasha in The Proposal. She appeared in the 2011 film Hysteria, about the invention of the vibrator. For the factual hospital series Bizarre ER, she took over narration duties from Freema Agyeman. She appeared in the 2012 ITV film adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's novel The Scapegoat. In September 2012 <mask> played the title role in Mrs Biggs, a five-part series on ITV.In 2013, she appeared in the Channel 4 series Dates. In January 2014, she starred in the two-part BBC drama The 7.39. In March 2014, she appeared in the ITV crime drama The Widower as the first wife of serial killer Malcolm Webster. Later that year, she featured in the series Who Do You Think You Are? and played Cilla Black in the three-part ITV drama series Cilla. In 2015 she starred as cancer patient Lisa Lynch in the one-off BBC drama The C Word and as policewoman Jo Gillespie in the three-part ITV drama Black Work, which was nominated for a National Television Award in 2016. <mask> narrated the reality series Bear Grylls: Mission Survive from 2015.The show was nominated for a National Television Award in 2016 but was cancelled after two series. In February 2017, she starred in The Moorside, a BBC drama based on the kidnapping of Shannon Matthews in 2008. She appeared in her own ITV music special in November 2017. Titled <mask>, the one-off special presented by Alexander Armstrong saw her performing some of the songs from her album, and talking about her life. In December 2017, <mask> starred as evil step-mum Sheila in the television adaptation of David Walliams' children's book, Ratburger. It was broadcast on Sky One. In January 2019, she began appearing as Sam in ITV drama series Cleaning Up.In January 2021, <mask>aul's Drag Race UK. Later in 2021, she presented the BBC dog-grooming competition Pooch Perfect. In January 2022, <mask> starred as Jenna in The Teacher, a drama series about a drinking, hard-smoking, hard-living teacher who is accused of sleeping with one of her students. Critics generally were positive of <mask>, with one reviewer for The Independent praising her performance as "so much flair and vulnerability" and rating the show 4/5 stars. <mask>'s theatre credits include the musical Into the Woods at London's Donmar Warehouse, and Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park. She also played Audrey in the stage production of Little Shop of Horrors at the Menier Chocolate Factory, London, from November 2006, with the production then transferring to the Duke of York's Theatre in March 2007. Following a successful run the production moved again at the end of June 2007 to the New Ambassadors Theatre, where its played until September 2007.<mask> was nominated for the 2008 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical for her performance in the show. <mask> appeared as Vanessa in Tinderbox: a Revenge Comedy by Lucy Kirkwood at the Bush Theatre, Shepherd's Bush, in April 2008. <mask> originated the role of Elle Woods in the musical version of Legally Blonde in its transfer from Broadway to London's West End in December 2009. Ex-Blue boyband member Duncan James played opposite <mask> until June 2010, when he was replaced by Richard Fleeshman. Other cast members <mask> has performed alongside include Aoife Mulholland as Brooke, Denise Van Outen as Paulette, Peter Davison as Professor Callahan and Alex Gaumond as Emmett Forrest. Her performance was well received, The Daily Telegraph describing her as: "blessed with vitality, warmth, great comic timing and sudden moments of touching vulnerability. She is infinitely more likeable than Reese Witherspoon in the film."<mask> was originally supposed to leave Legally Blonde on 23 October 2010, but she extended her run to 8 January 2011, when Susan McFadden took over the role. For her role in Legally Blonde, <mask> won the WhatsOnStage.com Theatregoers' Choice Award for Best Actress in a Musical. She was also nominated for the Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress and was the winner of the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical. Between March and June 2011, she appeared in Trevor Nunn's production of Flare Path at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket as Doris, a former barmaid married to a Polish count in the RAF. The production was part of the playwright Terence Rattigan's centenary year celebrations and also starred Sienna Miller and James Purefoy. For this role she won the 2012 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role, the 2011 Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress and the BroadwayWorld UK Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play. As well as her role in Legally Blonde, <mask> also performed the title role in the workshop productions of a new musical adaptation of Bridget Jones' Diary.On 5 April 2012, it was announced that <mask> had decided to pull out of the musical, and would no longer be playing the title role, delaying the production of the show. From September to November 2012, <mask> played the title role in Hedda Gabler at the Old Vic, winning the 2013 Theatregoers' Choice Award for "Best Actress in a Leading Role" in a Play. Shortly before collecting her award at the ceremony on 17 February 2013, <mask> performed the original song "Stagey and Proud", which was written by Chris Passey and Amy Carroll. From September to November 2013, she starred alongside David Walliams in a West End production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, as part of Michael Grandage's season of plays at the Noël Coward Theatre. <mask> starred in a new London production of the musical Funny Girl. It previewed at the Menier Chocolate Factory from 20 November 2015, opened on 2 December and ran until 6 March 2016. The show then transferred to the Savoy Theatre in the West End for a 12-week run, but extended through 8 October 2016.<mask> states in The Stage that she is married to the job. <mask> continued with the role throughout its UK Tour. <mask> played the Narrator in a new production of Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber's Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at the London Palladium over the 2019 summer season with Jason Donovan as The Pharaoh and Jac Yarrow as Joseph. <mask> played companion Lucie Miller alongside Paul McGann's Eighth Doctor in a radio series of Doctor Who, produced by Big Finish and transmitted on BBC 7 from New Year's Eve 2006; the plays returned in a second series released on CD and scheduled for BBC 7 broadcast. A third series of adventures for Lucie and the Doctor aired in March 2009, as weekly half-hour downloads followed by a Christmas Special. Lucie Miller made her final appearances in the fourth series, ending in 2011. She also narrated two Big Finish Short Trips stories, "The Curse of the Fugue" and "Flashpoint."<mask> has reprised her role as Lucie Miller opposite McGann's Eighth Doctor in The Further Adventures of Lucie Miller, released in July 2019. <mask> also appeared as Ruby Ruggles in the 2008 radio serial The Way We Live Right Now, and took over the role of Tamsin Trelawny in series 2 of Elephants to Catch Eels on BBC Radio 4. Personal life
<mask> has spoken about her anxiety, panic attacks, and difficulties with alcohol. She was  in a relationship with Jamie Horn, an insurance broker, between 2018 and 2021. Together they have a son, born in May 2020. Discography

Albums

Singles

Filmography

Film

Television

Non-acting television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

Music

Classic BRIT Awards

Theatre

BroadwayWorld UK Awards

Evening Standard Awards

Laurence Olivier Awards

Manchester Theatre Awards

Whatsonstage.com Audience Awards

Television

AACTA Awards

BAFTA TV Awards

Emmy Awards

National Television Awards

Royal Television Society Awards

TV Choice Award

Women in Film & Television Awards

See also
 List of British actors

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners
Actresses from Lincolnshire
Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners
English film actresses
English women pop singers
English musical theatre actresses
English soap opera actresses
English stage actresses
English radio actresses
English television actresses
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People educated at Joyce Mason School of Dance
People from Epworth, Lincolnshire
English Shakespearean actresses
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
WFTV Award winners
English people of Welsh descent
East West Records artists
Warner Records artists

masks:
Sheridan Smith
Smith
Smith
Sheridan
Smith
Smith
Sheridan Sian
Smith
Smith
Colin Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smithy
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Sheridan
Smith
SmithuP
Smith
Smith
Theatre Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Sheridan Smith
Smith
Smith
Radio Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Marshall Pinckney Wilder

type: original

texts:
<mask> (September 19, 1859 – January 10, 1915) was an American actor, monologist, humorist and sketch artist. Early life

<mask> (sometimes spelled Marshal) was born along the north shore of Seneca Lake at Geneva, New York, the son of Dr. <mask> and the former Mary A. Bostwick. He shared the same name as his great-uncle, a distinguished amateur pomologist and floriculturist who helped found the Boston Horticultural Society and American Pomological Society. His father was an 1843 graduate of the Geneva Medical College and for a number of years an attending physician at Flower Hospital at the New York Medical College and a member of the New York Homeopathic Medical Society. While still a boy, <mask>'s family moved to Rochester where he became popular for his talent as a storyteller and apparent gift as a clairvoyant. It was also at Rochester that <mask> received his early inspiration for a later vocation after attending a public reading at Corinthian Hall. In his youth he worked as a pin-boy at a bowling alley and storeroom clerk for a summer resort, before moving to New York City  around the age of twenty.He found employment as a file boy with a commercial firm. <mask> started augmenting his income by giving humorous monologues for 50 cents a performance. Career

These early performances held in the drawing rooms of wealthy New Yorkers gained him the notoriety to soon join the ranks of full-time entertainers. In 1883 <mask> traveled to London where he became a favorite of the British Royal Family. While still the Prince of Wales, King Edward VII became an admirer of <mask> and over the years would attend nearly twenty of his performances. In 1888, <mask> joined The Lambs Club. His career eventually branched into vaudeville and in 1904 embarked on a round the world tour.In describing his monologues the Syracuse Herald wrote in a 1907 article: "His pathos, his humor, his indescribable droll and uplifting optimism keeps bubbling forth all through the evening". <mask>, who always signed his correspondence "Merrily yours", authored three books over his career: The People I've Smiled With (1899), The Sunnyside of the Street (1905), and Smiling Around the World (1908); and edited a number of volumes of The Wit and Humor of America and The Ten Books of the Merrymakers. The Washington Post wrote in 1915 of his coping with physical disabilities (dwarfism and kyphosis), "<mask> coaxed the frown of adverse fortune into a smile." Though nearly forgotten today, <mask> was heralded in his lifetime and did not let his dwarfism be an excuse for cheap entertainment. <mask> shunned offers by showmen like P.T. Barnum to instead become an established legitimate stage actor and sketch artist. He made his earliest motion picture appearance in 1897, for which he received $600,  and his last in 1913.<mask> also left recordings of his routines. At the end of each performance <mask> was known to seek out everyone involved in the show to shake their hand always with a generous tip in his palm. <mask> was until his final curtain call a headliner earning a five-figure annual income. At one point in his career <mask> was willing to take a cut in pay in order to play a vaudeville circuit he felt catered to an audience that better appreciated his humor. This did not happen, however, because of booking issues. Marriage

In 1903 <mask> married Sophie Cornell Hanks, the daughter of a New Jersey dentist. Sophie was a writer and dramatist who collaborated with <mask> on his books.Their daughter Grace was born in 1905 around the time the couple returned from the world tour. <mask>. followed a year or so later. On December 20, 1913, Sophie died at the age of 35 in New York City after a brief illness and failed operation. She was in the city to give dramatic readings of her new book, The Golden Lotus. Death

Following the loss of his wife, <mask>'s health began to decline and a little over a year later fell ill while in St. Paul, Minnesota, for an engagement. His death there on January 10, 1915, was attributed to heart disease complicated by pneumonia. The funeral service was held a few days later at the Stephen Merritt Mortuary Chapel in New York.The writer and artist Elbert Hubbard wrote an obituary for <mask> which declared <mask> "picked up the lemons that Fate had sent him and started a lemonade-stand." <mask> was survived by his children, who shared the bulk of his quarter-million-dollar estate, and a sister, Jennie Cornelia <mask>, who also had some success as an entertainer of diminutive stature. During the Great Depression <mask> served as director of the Puppets and Marionettes department of the Public Works Administration (PWA) Drama Division. She would later serve in a similar capacity as a social worker in New York City  and with community puppet theaters in California. According to one of his obituaries, puppetry was a childhood interest of her father's who would entertain his neighbors with Punch and Judy shows charging two cents admission or a nickel for reserved seating. <mask><mask> Jr. (1913–1964) became a pioneer in the development of television when in 1931 he participated in the first successful transmission of a signal to a ship stationed some 50 miles offshore. And later during World War II was one of the technicians who helped develop what today are called smart bombs by engineering a television camera small enough to fit into the nosecone of a bomb or unmanned aircraft that could be directed by remote control.Filmography

<mask><mask> (1897)
Actor's Fund Field Day (1910)
<mask><mask> (1912)(as himself)
Chumps (1912)
The Five Senses (1912)
The Pipe (1912)
The Greatest Thing in the World(1912)
Professor Optimo (1912)
Mockery (1912)
The Godmother (1912)
The Curio Hunters (1912)
The Widow's Might (1913)

References

External links

portrait gallery of <mask><mask>(NY Public Library, Billy Rose collection)
<mask><mask> speaking in 1908 recording

1859 births
1915 deaths
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
American male silent film actors
American non-fiction writers
Actors with dwarfism
American expatriate male actors in the United Kingdom
Entertainers with dwarfism
Vaudeville performers
Male actors from New York (state)
Writers from New York (state)
20th-century American male actors
People from Geneva, New York

masks:
Marshall Pinckney Wilder
Marshall Pinckney Wilder
Louis de Valois Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Marshall Wilder
Wilder
Marshall Jr
Wilder
Wilder
Wilder
Marshal Wilder
Wilder
Grace Wilder
Marshall P
. Wilder
Marshall P
. Wilder
Marshall P
. Wilder
Marshall P
. Wilder
Marshall P
. Wilder


title: Pearl Bergoff

texts:
<mask> (April 23, 1875 or 1878-August 11, 1947) was an American strikebreaker noted for violent tactics from the early 1900s through the 1930s. Early life

<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan. His birth date is given as April 23, 1875 in his 1918 draft registration and a 1920 passport application and the same date in 1878 in a 1924 passport application. At his death in 1947, The New York Times reported that he gave his age to the hospital as 62, but that other sources indicated he was 68. He was named <mask> because his mother wanted a girl. His father Julius, who was born in Germany, was an itinerant fish-trader and land speculator, and abandoned the family was <mask> was 13. Career
<mask> worked as a spotter on the Metropolitan Street Railway in Manhattan.His job was to watch conductors to verify that they recorded all the fares they accepted. He opened the Vigilant Detective Agency in 1905. <mask> was in the employ of strikebreaker James A. Farley (1874–1913) in 1906, working as the bodyguard to Stanford White, when White was murdered by Harry Kendall Thaw at Madison Square Garden. By selling his diary of the sensational crime to the New York World, <mask> raised the money to fund the company founded with his brother Leo, the Bergoff Brothers Strike Service and Labor Adjusters, which was established in 1907, with offices in the Schubert Building at 39th Street and Broadway in Manhattan. The company's early strikebreaking actions were characterized by extreme violence. A 1907 strike of garbage cart drivers resulted in numerous confrontations between strikers and the strikebreakers, even when protected by police escorts. Strikers sometimes pelted the strikebreakers with rocks, bottles, and bricks launched from tenement rooftops.When longshoremen went on strike in 1907, the steamship companies hired Bergman, who brought in black and Italian immigrant strikebreakers. <mask> relied on thugs from the Monk Eastman gang to "ride herd on the assembled scabs." Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909

In 1909, the Pressed Steel Car Company at McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania, fired forty men, and eight thousand employees representing sixteen nationalities walked out under the banner of the Industrial Workers of the World. The company hired Bergoff's agency, who in turn hired strikebreaking toughs from the Bowery, and shipped vessels filled with unsuspecting immigrant workers directly into the strike zone. Other immigrant strikebreakers were delivered in boxcars, and were not fed during a two-day period. Later they worked, ate, and slept in a barn with two thousand other men. Their meals consisted of cabbage and bread.At the end of August a gun battle erupted, leaving six dead, six dying, and fifty wounded. Public sympathy began to swing away toward the strikers. There were violent confrontations between strikers and strikebreakers, but also between strikebreakers and guards when terrified workers demanded the right to leave. One Austro-Hungarian immigrant who managed to escape informed his government that workers were being held against their will, resulting in an international incident. In addition to kidnapping, strikebreakers complained of deception, broken promises about wages, and tainted food. Early in September the company acknowledged defeat and negotiated with the strikers. Twenty-two had died in the strike.But <mask>'s business was not hurt by the defeat; he boasted of having as many as ten thousand strikebreakers on his payroll. He was getting paid as much as $2,000,000 per strikebreaking job by large industrial clients. Even before the strike was over, and then in more detail in 1911, the strikebreakers appeared before federal panels to describe their own living and working conditions after they were brought to the conflict. Held inside the plant or in boxcars against their will, fleeced, stolen from, physically threatened, and given rotten food, one hearing witness collapsed and was diagnosed with ptomaine poisoning. By August 28, 200 of the strikebreakers had responded by banding together in their own improvised union. They had quit work and were camping on the nearby banks of the Ohio River in an attempt to collect back wages, naming Chief of Police Farrell of the Coal and Iron Police and <mask>'s lieutenant Sam Cohen as those most responsible. Lawyer for the strikebreakers was the ambitious William N. McNair, who alleged that this treatment amounted to peonage.(McNair would later serve one term as Mayor of Pittsburgh in 1934.) During these hearings, <mask> explained that "musclemen" under his employ would "get... any graft that goes on", suggesting that was to be expected "on every big job." Other testimony indicated that <mask>'s "right-hand man", described as "huge in stature, weighing perhaps 240 pounds", surrounded himself with thirty-five guards who intimidated and fleeced the strikebreakers, locking them into a boxcar prison with no sanitation facilities when they defied orders. Subsequent career
<mask> settled in Bayonne, New Jersey, built the biggest office building in the city (which still stands), and sent strikebreakers to the Bayonne refinery strikes of 1915–1916. He was hired to break a strike at the Erie Railroad in 1920, for which he was paid $2 million. He also broke strikes of street cleaners and the Interborough Rapid Transit and Brooklyn Rapid Transit in New York City. <mask> once said that he had earned $10 million, and his annual salary from 1914 to 1924 was reputed to have been $100,000, plus dividends of $200,000 to $400,000.<mask>'s business declined around 1923. He went into the land business in Florida, then returned to New Jersey and strikebreaking around 1930 with renewed success. A sympathetic article in the January 1935 Fortune lists a few of the "172 strike jobs" <mask>'s firm had handled, with notes such as "1907, Munson Steamship Line stevedores. First fatality" and "1910, Philadelphia Rapid Transit, motormen, conductors. Streetcar strikes are most fun; strikebreakers pocket fares." In September 1934, <mask> was hired in response to a textile workers strike in Georgia and duly took two-hundred men to the South. When Georgia Governor Eugene Talmadge found out that <mask> and his men were in the state, he had the Georgia National Guard detain and deport them to New York.In December 1935 <mask> was the subject of a book-length exposé by the labor editor of the New York Post, Edward Levinson. The book was called I Break Strikes!. Labor leader Walter Reuther credited this examination of <mask>'s practices as a major impetus to the creation of the La Follette Committee. <mask>'s involvement in the violent Remington Rand strike of 1936–1937 resulted in his program of anti-union activities, the "Bergoff Technique", being republished and repackaged as the Mohawk Valley formula. It also resulted in the federal indictments of James Rand Jr. and <mask> for violation of the 1936 Byrnes Act prohibiting the movement of strikebreakers across state lines. Both men were acquitted on November 18, 1937. But it would be his last major engagement.With his business model outlawed, and his private detective license subsequently revoked by the state of New York, <mask> retired from public view. Personal life
He died on August 11, 1947 in New York City. He was survived by his wife, Libby, a son and a daughter. See also

Anti-union violence
History of union busting in the United States
Mohawk Valley formula
Union busting

References

1947 deaths
Labor disputes in the United States
Labor detectives
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
People from Michigan

masks:
Pearl Louis Bergoff
Bergoff
Pearl
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Pearl Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff
Bergoff


title: Vern Gosdin

texts:
<mask> (August 5, 1934 – April 28, 2009) was an American country music singer. He had 19 top-10 solo hits on the country music charts from 1977 through 1990. Three of these hits went to Number One: "I Can Tell By the Way You Dance (You're Gonna Love Me Tonight)", "Set 'Em Up Joe", and "I'm Still Crazy". Career

Early years
As the sixth child in a family of nine, <mask> began singing in Bethel East Baptist Church in his birth place of Woodland, Alabama, United States, where his mother played piano. <mask> and two brothers sang gospel on Birmingham radio station WVOK. <mask> later moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he operated the D&G Tap. He idolized The Louvin Brothers and The Blue Sky Boys as a young man.1960s – West Coast Country music movement
In 1961, <mask> moved to California, where he joined the West Coast Country music movement, first as a member of the Golden State Boys, which became The Hillmen, and included Chris Hillman. Gosdin then formed The Gosdin Brothers with brother Rex. The duo appeared on the charts in the late 1960s with a song titled "

" on the Bakersfield International label, then with "Till The End" on Capitol Records. During the same time period, the Gosdin Brothers were featured on Hillman's former Byrds mate Gene Clark's first solo album, the 1967 well-regarded Gene Clark with the Gosdin Brothers, singing backing vocals on all of the tracks behind the lead vocals of Clark and lead guitars of Clarence White, Glen Campbell, and Bill Rinehart (later of the Merry-Go-Round). 1970s – Retirement and comeback
<mask> retired from performing during the 1970s and moved to Cartersville, Georgia, where he operated a glass company. In 1976, he signed with Elektra Records and his first hit was a remake of "Hangin' On", which featured Emmylou Harris on harmony vocals and peaked at No. 16.His next single, "Yesterday's Gone", which also featured Harris, became his first Top 10 hit in 1977. Several more hits followed between 1977 and 1979 with the biggest of these hits being a remake of "Till the End" and a cover of The Association's "Never My Love" which also featured harmony vocals from Janie Frickie. 1981–1983: Today My World Slipped Away
In 1981, <mask> signed with Ovation Records and scored a Top 10 hit with "Dream of Me". After Ovation Records closed their doors later in 1981, <mask> signed with A.M.I. Records where he scored a Top 10 hit in 1982 with "Today My World Slipped Away". (This song later became a number-three hit for George Strait). First released by Gosdin in 1983, "Tennessee Courage" was written by Louis Brown, Gosdin and Max D. Barnes.The song would also be recorded by Keith Whitley and many others over the years and is considered a favorite among fans of traditional country music. Barnes and Brown were both notable Nashville songwriters each with hundreds of songwriting credits; Barnes would eventually win over 42 songwriting awards in his career. Brown would go on to write as a staff writer for 'Tree Publishing' and 'Stoney Lonesome Music Publishing', both headquartered on Music Row in Nashville, Tennessee. <mask>, meanwhile, signed with Complete Records in the early 1980s, and, in 1984, released There Is A Season, picked by the Los Angeles Times as best country album of the year. The early 1980s also found a great combination of talent as <mask> traveled from coast to coast opening shows for George Jones. 1983–1985: If You're Gonna Do Me Wrong (Do It Right) and There Is a Season
<mask> made the top 10 consistently in the early 1980s, really hitting his stride when he teamed with Barnes as a songwriting collaborator. The pair specialized in songs of cheating and barroom romance, often delivering an over-the-top emotionalism that got Gosdin compared to George Jones.In 1983, <mask> had two top 5 hits — "If You're Gonna Do Me Wrong (Do It Right)" and "Way Down Deep" with the former earning him a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Country Vocal Performance, Male. The following year, he had his first No. 1 single with "I Can Tell by the Way You Dance (You're Gonna Love Me Tonight)", which had previously been recorded by Gary Morris. On September 22, 1985, Gosdin appeared at the original Farm Aid concert at the University of Illinois' Memorial Stadium. 1987–1989: Chiseled in Stone
After Compleat Records went bankrupt, <mask> signed with Columbia in 1987. He immediately had success with "Do You Believe Me Now", and scored another No. 1 hit with a tribute to Ernest Tubb called "Set 'Em Up Joe".<mask>'s "Chiseled in Stone", co-written with Barnes, won the Country Music Association's Song of the Year award in 1989 and earned them a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Country Song. 1989–1990: <mask>'s 1989 album, Alone, was a concept album in a traditional country style. It chronicled the dissolution of <mask>'s marriage and included his final number-one hit: "I'm Still Crazy". From 1989 to 1991, he released a number of songs and three more made the Billboard top 10: "Right in the Wrong Direction", "That Just About Does It" and "Is It Raining at Your House". "Raining" has been covered by Brad Paisley and Lorrie Morgan, and "That Just About Does It" by Willie Nelson. Later years
<mask> suffered a stroke in 1998, but he continued writing and singing up until his death. In 2009, <mask> collaborated with Joe Sins of the country music duo The Sins to write and record his final four songs.<mask>, who suffered a stroke in early April, died at a Nashville hospital the evening of April 28, 2009, at the age of 74. His remains were buried at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Nashville, Tennessee. Discography

References

Bibliography
Hines, Geoffrey (1998). "<mask> Gosdin". In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Editor. New York: Oxford University Press.pp. 206–7. External links
 CMT.com: <mask> Gosdin
 <mask> Gosdin remembrance in the Tripwire

1934 births
2009 deaths
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
People from Randolph County, Alabama
Elektra Records artists
Columbia Records artists
A&M Records artists
Ovation Records artists
20th-century American singers
Country musicians from Tennessee
Country musicians from Alabama
20th-century American male singers
Burials at Mount Olivet Cemetery (Nashville)
Singer-songwriters from Alabama
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee

masks:
Vernon Gosdin
Vern Gosdin
Gosdin
Gosdin
Gosdin
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Vern
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Vern


title: Atma Jayaram

texts:
<mask> (31 August 1915 - 19 March 1990) was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between November 1971 to August 1975. His tenure was during one of the most turbulent political periods of modern India. He served under then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Early life

Born in Colombo to Dr. T.<mask> (1881-1940), young <mask> had a privileged upbringing. Dr. <mask> was one of the few licensed medical practitioners of the time and was fairly wealthy, however he began life from a poor family. He was married at the end of the 19th century, and his wife died shortly after giving birth to a daughter. His subsequent marriage in 1912-1913 brought him two sons and a daughter, <mask> being the younger of the two brothers.<mask>'s younger sister and mother died before the age of five. <mask> and his brother Dayaram were educated at some of Ceylon's (Sri Lanka) most well known institutions. <mask> <mask> studied at Trinity College, Kandy, graduating in 1932. He pursued a degree in science at the Ceylon University College and graduated in 1935. Upon finishing his academics, he received admission into the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge studying physics in 1936. During his three-year Tripos, he attended Pembroke College. He studied under Lord Ernest Rutherford, the Nobel Prize Laureate who had gained acclaim for the discovery of the atomic nucleus.After graduating in 1939, he returned to Colombo. Career

Indian Police Service
After returning to Sri Lanka, <mask> attempted the civil services exam, however due to his Indian origins, was not allowed to work for the civil service. Following this, he joined the Imperial Police in India, then under British rule. His first posting was in Tenali in the Madras Presidency, now Andhra Pradesh, in 1940. Over the next few years he was posted throughout the presidency before being called to join the Intelligence Bureau in 1948 under Sir N.P. Smith and T.G. Sanjeevi Pillai.Pillai was to become the first Indian to head the Intelligence Bureau. Intelligence Bureau
<mask> served with the IB during the 1950s and early 1960s. He was posted in Cairo and Beijing and was known to be on an acquaintance of Kim Philby, one of the members of the infamous Cambridge Five. In Cairo, journalist David Holden often called on him and his wife. In 1962, he returned to India to work at headquarters. He worked in the IB as an assistant director till 1968. In 1968, <mask> was appointed Inspector General of Andhra Pradesh, the official head of police in the state.He served till 1971 when Indira Gandhi on the recommendation of RAW Chief R. N. Kao was made the Director of the Intelligence Bureau. Director of the Intelligence Bureau

Soon after becoming director, the 1971 War broke out. RAW and the IB had to work together. Kao and <mask> were extremely close friends, and both ensured that their respective agencies worked together during the course of the Bangladeshi liberation. <mask> served as the director during the breakout of the Indian Emergency but retired on 31 August 1975 after his 60th birthday. Director General of Punjab, S.N. Mathur took over as director.Emergency
On 12 June 1975, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court found the Prime Minister guilty on the charge of misuse of government machinery for her election campaign. Protests led by J.P.Narayan, Raj Narain, Satyendra Narayan Sinha and Morarji Desai flooded the streets of Delhi close to the Parliament building and the Prime Minister's residence. According to the first interim report of the Shah Commission on 11 March 1978, no reports were filed by the Intelligence Bureau between 12 and 18 June, suggesting a state of emergency. Chapter 5.28 of the report says that on 18 June a top secret note between Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the Director of Intelligence, which suggest constant surveillance of the Congress' political opponents. On the evening of 25 June 1975 Mrs. Gandhi wrote to President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed recommending a proclamation of emergency. The letter was made public under chapter 5.52 of the Shah Commission report. Chapters 5.57, 5.58 and 5.59 of the report say that <mask>, S.L.Khurana(Home Secretary) and H.R. Gokhale(Minister for Law and Justice) learnt of the Emergency only on the morning of June 26. Chapter 5.60(g) states that"While the Director of Intelligence, the Home Secretary, Cabinet Secretary(B.D. Pande) and the secretary to the Prime Minister(Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar) had not been taken into confidence, Shri R.K. Dhawan, the then additional private secretary to the Prime Minister had been associated with the preparation and promulgation of the emergency from the early stage". This statement suggested that the four officials, including <mask> had possibly opposed Mrs. Gandhi's decision to impose emergency. Due to this opposition, it is possible that Mrs. Gandhi asked <mask> to resign after being given a one-year extension earlier that month. Facts are currently unknown, but it is likely that Mrs. Gandhi would have preferred to have the police force on her side during the Emergency.Anecdotes
A.S Dulat, former director of RAW called him “A gentleman’s gentleman”. Like Kao, <mask> was known to have an extremely sharp mind and was considered a no nonsense intelligence chief. Dulat commented that during an intelligence meeting, an officer had made a mistake. <mask> addressed everybody with a quick remark, “Gentleman, a cat has nine lives, an intelligence officer has one,” reiterating the fact that the IB could not afford to make mistakes. Surendra Pathania, former Director General of Maharashtra, commented that <mask> had a great sense of style. Pathania, a junior officer at the time, called on <mask> at 9, Tuglak Road(the Director's official residence) and was surprised to see him in dark pink trousers. "He was effortlessly stylish and junior officers like us were always welcome at 9, Tuglak Road."See also
Bangladesh Liberation WarEmergencyIntelligence Bureau

References

Directors of Intelligence Bureau (India)
1990 deaths
1915 births
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Alumni of Trinity College, Kandy
Cavendish Laboratory
Sri Lankan people of Indian descent

masks:
Atma Jayaram
Katakam Jayaram
Atma
Jayaram
Atma
Atma
Atma
Atma
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram
Jayaram


title: Joe Tipton

texts:
<mask> (February 18, 1922 – March 1, 1994) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1948 through 1954 with the Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Athletics, and the Washington Senators. In 417 career games, <mask> recorded a batting average of .236 and accumulated 29 home runs, and 125 runs batted in (RBI). Born and raised in Georgia, <mask> played amateur baseball until the Cleveland Indians signed him. He spent two years in the minor leagues before serving in World War II. He played two more years in the minor leagues upon his return, then made his MLB debut with the Indians in 1948. The Indians traded him to the White Sox in 1949, then the White Sox sent him to the Philadelphia Athletics in 1950.<mask> spent two and a half years with the Athletics before returning to Cleveland. After spending a season with the Washington Senators, he played and managed in the minor leagues for a few seasons before being banned from the minor leagues. After the ban, he moved to Birmingham, Alabama where he died in 1994. Early life and career
<mask> was born and raised in McCaysville, Georgia as the fifth of seven children. His birthplace was on the Tennessee border, so it was originally registered as Copperhill, Tennessee. <mask> attended Epworth High School and Copperhill High School in Tennessee, where he played on the high school basketball and football teams. He moved to Shannon, Georgia at the age of 16 in order to pursue a career in baseball.<mask> began his playing career in the Textile League with Brighton Mills in Shannon in 1938, and spent the next three years with the Talladega team. While with Talladega, he was spotted by a scout from the Cleveland Indians organization, who signed <mask> to a professional contract. After being signed by the Indians, <mask> made his professional debut with the Appleton Papermakers of the Wisconsin State League, where he had a .298 batting average and 11 home runs in 59 games. He spent most of the year there, and played in ten games with the Flint Arrows of the Michigan State League. In 1942, <mask> was promoted to the Charleston Senators, the Indians' Class C minor league affiliate. In one of his first games with the Senators, <mask> hit two triples and a home run to give his team the win by a score of seven to four. In 81 games with the team, Tipton had a .313 batting average.Military service
Before the 1943 season began, <mask> joined the military to serve in World War II. He served in the United States Navy and was part of the Pacific Theater of Operations from 1943 to 1945. During his time in the Pacific, he served on the . The ship was hit by kamikaze attack in January 1945; <mask> emerged unscathed from the attack. After the end of the war, <mask> returned to baseball. He spent the 1946 season with the Harrisburg Senators, and had a .327 batting average in 104 games. In 1947, he was promoted to the Wilkes-Barre Barons of the Eastern League.That season, he had a .375 batting average, which led the league. The following season, <mask> joined the Cleveland Indians for spring training. By the end of March, he was considered a sure thing to make the major league roster. Major League career
The Cleveland Indians decided to keep only two catchers on the roster for the 1948 Cleveland Indians season, and manager Lou Boudreau chose <mask> to back up Jim Hegan. He made his major league debut on May 2, and a month later, in a game on June 6, he had five hits in five plate appearances to give Cleveland a win against the Philadelphia Athletics. <mask> played in 47 games over the course of the season and had a .289 batting average. He also played in one game during the 1948 World Series, striking out in his only appearance.After the World Series, Indians owner Bill Veeck wanted to improve the pitching staff. Despite finding <mask> to be worthy of a starting job and despite Veeck considering trading Hegan instead, <mask> was traded to the Chicago White Sox for <mask>. Early in the season, White Sox manager Jack Onslow accused <mask> of tipping pitches after a loss to the St. Louis Browns and fined him $500. The two then fought and <mask> threatened to leave the team, but they buried the hatchet a short time later. He played in 67 games during the season, and ended the year with a .204 batting average and three triples. On October 19, 1949, the White Sox traded <mask> to the Philadelphia Athletics for Nellie Fox. Fox played 14 years for the White Sox and went on to become a Hall of Famer, and as a result the trade is considered one of the most lopsided in baseball history.During spring training for the Athletics, <mask> battled Mike Guerra and <mask> for the starting job at catcher. All three ended up splitting time over the course of the season. <mask> finished the year hitting .266 with six home runs and 20 RBIs in 64 games. Jimmy Dykes took over as Athletics' manager in 1951, and had high hopes for <mask> heading into the season, saying that he "is a lot better catcher than most people think." In May, <mask> was hit in the head by a stray baseball bat during a game, and spent some time in the hospital as a result. He split time with Astroth and Ray Murray during the season, but appeared in a career-best 72 games, hitting .239 with 51 walks. After the season ended, <mask> was part of Lefty O'Doul's American baseball team that toured Japan.To start the 1952 season, <mask> was rumored to be the subject of a trade involving the Boston Red Sox and two of their players, but the deal never materialized. <mask> missed part of May with a kidney infection, and struggled upon returning, hitting .191 in 23 games. In late June, he was waived by the Athletics and picked up by the Indians. He spent the rest of the year with them, and finished with nine home runs, 30 RBIs, and a .225 average in 66 games. <mask> remained the backup catcher to Hegan during the 1953 season. He battled a myriad of injuries throughout the season, including a bruised hand, a broken thumb, a split finger, and losing a fingernail. He finished the year with a .229 batting average in 47 games.On January 20, 1954, <mask> was traded to the Washington Senators for Mickey Grasso in an exchange of catchers. Manager Bucky Harris traded for <mask> in hopes that he would compete for the starting job due to his defense. <mask> served as the backup catcher to Ed Fitz Gerald in 1954. He made his last MLB appearance on September 26, and in 54 games he had a .223 average. Later life
The New York Giants purchased the contracts of <mask> and Wayne Terwilliger on January 14, 1955, who sent them to the minor league Minneapolis Millers. While Terwilliger played for the Millers that year, <mask> had planned to retire from baseball, and never played a game for Minneapolis. Later that year, White Sox general manager Frank Lane wanted him to join the Memphis Chickasaws so that the young pitchers in the minor leagues could work with a veteran catcher; <mask> obliged and joined the team for the 1955 season.In 60 games for the Chickasaws that season, <mask> had a .277 batting average and seven home runs. After playing in the 60 games, <mask> was suspended after an argument with Chickasaws manager Jack Cassini, and after the season ended he retired from the game to work at his service station. He returned to baseball in 1957 and spent a season with the Birmingham Barons, and partway through the 1958 season, he joined the Panama City Fliers as manager. He was fired a month later, and in protest the Fliers refused to play their next game. <mask> retired afterwards, and a year later was banned for life from the minor leagues after it came to light that he accepted payouts by acting as a liaison for Jesse Levan, who was intentionally fouling off balls in order for gamblers in the stands to take advantage of them. His baseball career over, <mask> moved to Birmingham, Alabama with his wife and three children, where he ran automobile dealership. He was named to the Fannin County Sports Hall of Fame in 2013.In 1994, <mask> died in Birmingham at the age of 72. References

External links

<mask> at Baseball Library

1922 births
1994 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Major League Baseball catchers
Memphis Chickasaws players
People from Fannin County, Georgia
Philadelphia Athletics players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players

masks:
Joe Hicks Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Joe Haynes
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Joe Astroth
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Joe Tipton


title: John James Tayler

texts:
<mask> (1797–1869) was an English Unitarian Minister. Background
The eldest son of <mask> (1765–1831) by his wife Elizabeth (1774–1847), daughter of <mask> of Walthamstow, he was born at 12, Church Row, Newington Butts, in Surrey, on 15 August 1797. His father, was Unitarian minister successively at Walthamstow, Southwark, and Nottingham; and made him a Latinist. <mask>'s father, following the death of his father, <mask> (†1784), himself a non-conformist minister, was adopted by Andrew Kippis (1725–1795), editor of the Biographia Britannica (1778) who assumed the role of guardian and tutor and helped him about 1788 enter New College at Hackney (where, Kippis was appointed one of the tutors, together with Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, and Gilbert Wakefield). <mask> wrote in his obituary of his father, that "domestic occurrences" had prevented him from completing his course at Hackney and he continued his studies in private, under the direction of Dr. Kippis. "At the recommendation of Kippis he officiated at Nottingham, as a supply, for several months, in 1793 or 1794; after which he preached for some time at Walthamstow, where in 1795, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. <mask>enning, of that place. In the beginning of 1797, he succeeded the Rev.Thomas Jervis, as sole minister of St. Thomas's Meeting-house, Southwark." At Hackney his classical tutor was Gilbert Wakefield (1756–1801), and <mask> attributed his father's "exact and solid knowledge" of the Greek and Latin languages to Wakefield's influence. <mask>'s father also "took a lively interest in the discoveries of natural philosophy; and works on chemistry and physiology". In 1802 his father moved to Nottingham as one of the Ministers of the High Pavement Chapel a post he held until 1831. In the spring of 1808 his father started a school situated in his own home. <mask> refers to "the expenses of a large and increasing family" as the main reason for doing so- <mask> had two brothers, Andrew and William and three sisters Emily, Elizabeth and Clara. It was this first schooling that had a profound effect on him, and it was his father's pronounced "philological habits" that "led to a scrupulous and anxious habit of mind in matters of minute accuracy" that made a deep and lasting impression on the young <mask> who was closely taught by his father.Education
Manchester College, York

In September 1814 he entered Manchester College, York, then under the triumvirate of Charles Wellbeloved (1769–1858) the principal, William Turner (1788–1853) tutor in mathematics and philosophy and <mask> (1788–1877) tutor in classics and history. After his father, probably the greatest influence on the young <mask> was Kenrick. His father, at first sceptical of Manchester College, took a very keen interest and closely watched his education at York, personally negotiating with Kenrick about the structure of some of his sons lessons. By March 1816, he was already aware of the plans his father had made for him to study at the University of Glasgow, "It is now determined that my father—intends me to spend my next session at Glasgow, before I enter in my third year here." University of Glasgow

From November 1816 at Glasgow University it was a further triumvirate of teachers, George Jardine (1742–1827) professor of logic, <mask> (1750?–1820), professor of Greek, the so-called 'Pseudo-<mask>', and the philosopher <mask>e (1757–1839) who influenced him. His correspondence at this time with his childhood friend, the Persian scholar Samuel Robinson (1794–1894), who would later translate Friedrich Schiller's Wilhelm Tell (1824), reveal details of the lectures. Following his graduation as B.A.at Glasgow he returned to Manchester College, York, and as early as November 1818 he was made aware of <mask>'s “wish to spend a complete year abroad at some German university”

Career
Classical Tutor at Manchester College, York

He was appointed classical tutor at York (1819–1820) as Kenrick's substitute. During this time he was "thinking of becoming a physician as well as a dissenting minister” receiving an undisclosed offer from his friend the economist and antiquary, Robert Hyde Greg (1795–1875). Later that year he visited Edinburgh (where it appears he met Thomas Southwood Smith (1788–1861) the Unitarian minister who had also studied medicine, and graduated MD in 1816. By August 1820 whilst visiting George William Wood (1781–1843) at Platt, near Manchester, the questioning of combining the two subjects had moved on to a simple choice between the two. Dr.Peter Mark Roget, the physician and lexicographer, and Dr.William Henry, both advised <mask> against the choice of medicine. Mosley Street Unitarian Chapel, Manchester 1821

The position at Mosley Street Unitarian chapel, Manchester was facilitated for him, and on 4 October 1820 <mask> became minister, in succession to William Hawkes (1759–1820), at Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester, where he was ordained on 20 April 1821. It was not a difficult choice moving to Manchester (lodging at first as a guest at <mask> Robberds' (1789–1854) home).Manchester was a place, he wrote "where the Dissenters enjoy a degree of weight and respectability above any other part of the kingdom, and where some of them are men most distinguished for science and literature, and who consequently would form most valuable associates for a young man eager for intellectual improvement." It was upon Mosley Street Chapel's sixty-eight pews, that the elite of Manchester's commercial and industrial middle class sat listening to him. He was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society on 26 January 1821. Later that year he met Thomas Belsham (1750–1829) in August 1821. He also took private lessons in Classics, History, belles Lettres, at No. 7, Dickenson-Street, to supplement his income. In April 1822, <mask> began a series of lectures at the rooms of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, George-Street, entitled On the Rise and Progress of our National Poetry.With Wordsworth in the Lake District
In July 1826 July <mask> met William Wordsworth in the Lake District (Ambleside, Rydal). In July 1830 he wrote to his wife "I am solacing myself with Wordsworth. Do you know I shall become a thorough convert to him. Much of his poetry is delicious, and I perfectly adore his philosophy. To me he seems the purest, the most elevated and the most Christian of poets. I delight in his deep and tender piety, and his spirit of exquisite sympathy with whatever is lovely and grand in the breathing universe around us." In September 1827 <mask> contemplated applying as a candidate for the professorship of the English language and literature in the newly founded London University (University College London) that would acquire the nickname 'The Godless Institution of Gower Street'.The 'apologist of infidelity'
<mask> delivered a radical sermon "On Communion with Unbelievers" on March 30, 1828 that acquired some notoriety, The Manchester Chronicle (5 April) branded him an "apologist of infidelity" and the clerical establishment in the pages of The Congregational Magazine described him as the "arch-fiend", who in proposing to welcome Free-thinkers into his church had revealed "the hideous and malignant features of the apostate spirit". At the beginning of May 1831, the tragic news of the loss of his brother Andrew at sea, en route to Calcutta, hastily brought on his father's death some weeks later on 15 May. At the time of his father's funeral (at which <mask>, a fellow student from New College, Hackney, gave a sermon), <mask> was also approached to become the minister of the New Meeting Congregation at Birmingham, a position which he turned down. <mask>'s name repeatedly appears in the Intelligence sections of Unitarian periodicals and for nearly thirty years he was actively involved in innumerable social and reform activities in Manchester and regularly attended meetings. The Manchester Ministry to the Poor; Manchester District Sunday-School Association; The Lancashire and Cheshire Presbyterian Association and the British and Foreign Unitarian Association (BFUA), founded in 1825. He was a member of the Manchester Athenaeum, and he was also closely involved with the Royal Manchester Institution. In February 1846 he submitted a plan for "rationalizing and organizing the lecture programme" at the Royal Manchester Institution which the RMI Council approved of and instituted the following year.He was a member of the Chetham Society and regularly used its library and he was a member of the Philological Society. He was a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He sustained his ministry in Manchester for 33 years, moving his congregation (1 September 1839) to Upper Brook Street Chapel, a magnificent building designed by Sir Charles Barry, and the first specimen of Gothic architecture built for Unitarians. <mask> had begun to study German at Manchester College, York as early as 1815, he was probably encouraged by Kenrick who later actually taught German at York. By February 1823 there is confirmation of his competence in German in a letter to his uncle <mask>: "I have so far mastered German, as to be able to read the language with pleasure, and can use my knowledge of it profitably in referring to difficult books, connected with my other studies". In 1830 he published two articles on the German philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried Herder(1744–1803) in the Monthly Repository Some Account of the Life and Writings of Herder, two years later he published four articles entitled Herder's Thoughts on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind. In these articles, <mask> had translated passages from almost all of the twenty books of Herder's major work the Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, blissfully unaware of Thomas Otton Churchill's earlier translation from 1800.His study and knowledge of Herder's works, following Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), William Taylor of Norwich (1765–1836), Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859) and his close personal friend Henry Crabb Robinson (1775–1867), was probably the most wide-ranging in England of the nineteenth century. He is one of Herder's most important and neglected English interpreters of the 19th century. Travel and Study in Germany 1834-35
In 1834–35 <mask> spent a year in Germany travelling together with his family, studying at first at the University of Göttingen, here <mask> met the two leading intellectual figures in the theological faculty: Gottfried Christian Friedrich Lücke (1791–1855) and Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler (1792–1854). He regularly attended Lücke's seminars "four afternoons in the week on the Kritik and Hermeneutik of the New Testament" as well as a lecture of Gieseler's on Ecclesiastical History every morning, except Sundays." He also attended the lectures and seminars of Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875). "At two I go to another lecture, on the Archaeology of the Old Testament and the History of the Jews by Professor Ewald. I am exceedingly pleased with Ewald and his lectures.—he was a favourite pupil of the late Eichhorn's, whose department he now fills..." At Göttingen he also went to the early morning lectures of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840) and spoke highly of his daughter who "has been very kind in her attentions to us."Georg Friedrich Benecke (1762–1844)- who had taught Coleridge German when he was at Göttingen (September 1798- July 1799)- introduced <mask> to Karl Otfried Müller (1797–1840) professor of ancient literature. <mask> heard him lecture on Greek antiquities in the morning followed by his lectures on Pindar. Afterwards, <mask> often walked with his wife, sister and the children at midday when they all had dinner"

Early 1835 he studied at the University of Bonn, where he and his family lodged at the house of the historian and philosopher Christian August Brandis (1790–1867), who had been the close friend of Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834) and Barthold Georg Niebuhr(1776–1831). He attended his lectures on Greek philosophy. He met Georg Benjamin Mendelssohn (1794–1874), the grandson of Moses Mendelssohn, a Privatdozent who was lecturing on ancient and modern geography. At Bonn he attended lectures on early Roman history by August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), seminars presided over by the theologian Karl Immanuel Nitzsch (1787–1868); also courses given by Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784–1868), the German philologist, archaeologist and librarian- who at this time was giving a course on the interpretation of paintings and bas-reliefs, "illustrative of the Epic cyclus of ancient fable." He heard Johann Christian Wilhelm Augusti (1771–1841) known for his 'Der kleine Koran' (1798) and who together with Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette had published a new translation of the Old Testament (1809), as well as Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (1794–1852), professor of theology in the Catholic faculty, who was preparing a new edition of the Greek Testament."To most of these excellent men," at Bonn, <mask> wrote afterwards, he was indebted "for the kind attentions and many hours of valuable instruction...". He met many leading theologians, philosophers and historians and he wrote a series of letters addressed to his Mosley-street congregation in Manchester about his on-going studies and travels. On his return he published in the Unitarian The Christian Teacher in six parts, his Retrospect of a Twelvemonth Passed in Germany (1836). Their lively anecdotal form coupled with profound insights into "the German mind", enthused other Unitarians-including many of his students- to follow the same route to Germany. "Trinitarianism" he wrote, "so far at least as the distinct personality of the Holy Spirit is concerned, is very generally given up by the most learned divines in Germany":

Manchester College and return to Manchester 1840
In 1840 Manchester College was moved from York back to Manchester (its place of origin), under the name of Manchester New College, and <mask> became professor of ecclesiastical history. He held also a theological professorship from 1852. At a Meeting of the Trustees (25 May 1853) he was asked to accept the offices of Principal and Professor of Ecclesiastical History.Manchester New College transferred to London in connexion with University College at University Hall, and was thus affiliated to the University of London for the next 13 years. <mask> had hoped for an arrangement ”which would enable me to reside permanently in Manchester, and yet preserve my connection with the College as a Lecturer, for a term every session; and more than one overture have I made to that effect.” But this did not transpire, <mask> and his family moved to London and lived at 22, Woburn Square, for the next seven years, within easy reach of the College in Gordon Square. He delivered his inaugural address at University Hall, London, on Friday 14 October. ; from 1857 he ran the whole of the theological department, apart from religious philosophy and Hebrew. Probably influenced by his friend and colleague Francis William Newman (1805–1897), <mask>'s engagement for abolitionist and nationalist causes was considerable. In June 1850 he had given a "Speech on the Question of American Slavery" at Altrincham, in Cheshire, later

masks:
John James Tayler
James Tayler
John Vning
Tayler
Richard Tayler
Tayler
John V
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
John Kenrick
Tayler
John Young
Johnson
James Myln
John Kenrick
Tayler
Tayler
John Gooch
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
John Kentish
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Richard Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler


title: John James Tayler

texts:
 that year in November 1850 <mask> set up an 'Hungarian Fund' and shows himself politically engaged for Magyar exiles resident in Manchester. The secretary of Lajos Kossuth(1802–1894) had asked <mask> to "get up a Memorial" for the deliverance of Kossuth and his companions from their confinement in Turkey.<mask> writes: “Our Hungarian friends are dispirited; Kossuth and his companions are dying by inches of hardship.” By February 1851 <mask>'s Hungarian memorial with some 800 names was eventually presented to Lord Palmerston by Thomas Milner-Gibson (1806–1884), the latter who “was cold and cautious, and not very encouraging”  In July <mask> was on the platform at  a public meeting held in the Town Hall, Manchester on the captivity of Kossuth, and gave an impassioned speech. Indeed, <mask> understood the nationalist struggles of Kossuth and the Italian Giuseppe Mazzini(1805–1872) and their writings as "the earnest and impassioned eloquence of the most energetic assertors of freedom and progress" – here was also the presence of a religious element, not "the work and conventional phraseology of a church or sect, but deep and thrilling undertones...caught from the inspiration of prophets and apostles of an older day" Kossuth and Mazzini were "breathing the living spirit of Christ". This was inescapably a form of political theology that wholeheartedly embraced nationalism. And when <mask> claimed that Kossuth and Mazzini were currently: “promoting the moral and spiritual advancement of the human race”, it was too much for other Unitarians, the Rev. B. Mardon at a meeting of the Trustees objected strongly to <mask>'s politicisation of his lectures. On 27 April 1855 he delivered a lecture addressed to the Secularists at the Literary Institution, John Street, Fitzroy Square, London, obtaining praise from George Holyoake (1817–1906)

From 1853 <mask> was a trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations. In October 1854–55 <mask> taught a course in Moral Philosophy at Bedford-square Ladies' College, London, founded in 1849 by Elizabeth Jesser Reid (1789–1866) who Tayler had known since 1838.Further Travel and Study in Germany 1856-62
In 1856 <mask> visited Heidelberg in Germany where he met amongst others, Baron Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen, the historian Friedrich Christoph Schlosser and the theologian David Friedrich Strauss(1808–1874), the author of Das Leben Jesu, a work that <mask> wrote "which shook the whole Theological World like an earthquake, though it was only an explosion of elements that had long been fermenting under Hegelian influence in the school of Tübingen, and might therefore have been predicted." He documented a further historical account of the transformation of theology in Germany in three articles Letters on Religion in Germany. Written from Heidelberg (1856). Once again in Germany in the summer of July–August 1857 he spent part of his holidays at Düsternbrook, Kiel, and visited the university where he met the philologist Georg Curtius (1820–1885), the classical geographer Peter Wilhelm Forchhammer (1801–1894) who presented <mask> with a monograph of his on Achilles; Madame Dorothea Hensler (née Behrens) the friend of Niebuhr― she was the sister of his first wife―  as well as the theologian Dr. Carl Peter Matthias Lüdermann. He praised the university library pursuing his studies very diligently working "every morning till dinner". In 1858 he attended the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of the University of Jena. In 1862, accompanied by his daughter Hannah, <mask> was again in Germany, Thuringia, Leipzig, Dresden and Coburg.At Koblenz, he slept at the hotel Zum Weissen Ross at Ehrenbreitstein- in the identical rooms he and his wife had taken back in 1835. He spent the summer months at Bad Liebenstein in the Thuringian forest (six weeks) with excursions to Wilhelmsthal, near Eisenach, and visits to Coburg, Hof and Leipzig. In Leipzig he met Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–1874), who showed him the original codex Sinaiticus, he also made a tour of Brockhaus the publishers. During 1859–60, after the death of Edward Tagart, he was one of the ministers of Little Portland Street chapel, together with <mask> in what was called a "joint pastorship". Henry Crabb Robinson was an attendant. On 9 February 1858, a deputation of English Presbyterian Ministers of London and Westminster, presented an address of congratulation to Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace, on the occasion of the dynastic marriage (25. 1.1858) of the Princess Royal, Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa (1840–1901) to Prince Frederick William of Prussia (1831–1888). <mask> personally addressed Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1819–1861). A few days later <mask> waited on the Prussian ambassador, Count Albrecht von Bernstorff (1809–1873), to deliver a spirited Anglo-German address to the married couple. Throughout July–August 1859, <mask> was with his family in the Lake District; he attended at Rydal Mount the sale auction of Wordsworth's books (primarily to buy books for Henry Crabb Robinson); on 14 August he climbed Skiddaw mountain (3054 ft; 931 m) and <mask> and his daughter Hannah were involved in a serious road accident (26 August). From May to June 1860 <mask> was seriously ill— a weak and sensitive stomach, with frequent feelings of nausea— at Heathside Cottage, Northend, Hampstead. In October, together with his wife, who was also poorly, they were convalescing at Eastbourne, Sussex, he wrote that he was still recovering having "swallowed enough of quinine, iodine and nitric acid during the last two months to disorder one's natural system completely." In what was one of the coldest Decembers in London (at Hyde Park it had measured −17C ) he announced his retirement from Little Portland Street Unitarian chapel.He visited the Netherlands(University of Leyden) and Belgium in 1867. <mask> was present at the meeting at Sion College (15 February 1868) where the Dean of Westminster, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815–1881) gave his lecture on The Connection of Church and State. Journey to Transylvania
In April 1868 <mask> received an invitation to attend the approaching tercentenary of the Unitarian Church in Transylvania (The oldest Unitarian community in Europe, was at Thorla in Transylvania) and at the age of seventy-one he left London (accompanied by his daughter) on 30 June, bound for Transylvania "proceeding by Brussels, Cologne, Coblentz, [through Würtzburg and Bamberg]and Heidelberg.He continued via Vienna, Budapest, Klausenburg and in August was in Gyéres. On his way to Transylvania, writing from the Frankische Schweitz we possess a Unitarian credo of Catholic spirit, some eight months before his death, where <mask> revealed himself a follower of Richard Baxter (1615–1691) a 'Baxterian', thankful for having been born and bred into a Presbyterian Church "which has never made anything fundamental in Christianity, but the spirit of Christ himself" he wrote to his friend <mask>: ”I consider Baxter to have been the first who introduced the essence of this grand faith, as the bond of all true Church life, into this country; and look on our Presbyterian forefathers, not excluding Priestley and Price, with Dr. Channing and yourself, as his genuine and consistent followers- only developing the germs which he left behind him.”

Death and Commemoration

By 8 November he was back in Hampstead, London. Following his return from this Transylvanian journey, according to Thom, “A languor marked him from that time, with the not unfrequent look of one whose mind was far away.”

On 28 May 1869 he died in Hampstead, and on 3 June he was buried at Highgate Cemetery, beside his wife and son. There is a window dedicated to him in Rosslyn Hill Chapel, Hampstead, on the east side in the middle with the following inscription:
“In memory of the Revd <mask> Tayler, B. A.Principal and Professor of | Manchester New College, London. Born August 16th 1797. Died May 18th 1869. His scholarly attainments, his comprehensive views, his catholic spirit, and his far-seeing wisdom all known by his writings. This window is placed here by friends and fellow worshipers as a tribute to his simple and elevated character, saintly virtues, large humanity tender sympathies and child-like devotion. His life was a persuasive to piety; his memory lifts up the heart to a better world.”

Family
<mask> married (6 January 1825) Miss Hannah Smith (died 16 February 1862), the daughter of the banker Timothy Smith of Icknield, Birmingham. Their first child, Hannah Elizabeth (1826?-†11 February 1899) was probably born early 1826; the following year a second child, <mask> <mask> (1827–1854).On 8 July 1838, their 3rd child, a daughter, was born at Blackpool, and died the following year on 22 March 1839. The novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell, married to the Unitarian William Gaskell, who was at Cross Street Unitarian Chapel, Manchester, gave a humorous account of Hannah's pregnancy and birth. Works
Besides sermons and addresses, <mask> published:

 Some Remarks on the Nature of Genius. By the Rev. <mask> <mask>, A. B. One of the Secretaries of the Society.(Read 31 October 1823. In: Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Second Series. Volume IV, 1824, pp. 373–426. Some Account of the Life and Writings of Herder. In: The Monthly Repository, Vol.IV,1830, pp. 729–738; 829–843. Herder’s Thoughts on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind.In: The Monthly Repository, Vol. VI,1832, Art. I. pp. 34–42;  Art. II.86–97; Art. III. 165–178; Art. IV. 217–233. On the moral education of the people: a discourse, preached on the evening of 1 December 1833 : with an appendix, containing extracts from M. Victor Cousin's report to the French government on the state of popular education in Germany. London; Manchester:  Rowland Hunter : Robert Robinson, 1833.On the Relation of Theology to General Science and Literature. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1,1835, pp. 12–23. [11] [signed: ‘Göttingen, 10 November 1834.’]
Recollections of Schleiermacher. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1, 1835, pp.253–263; 272–281. [‘Abridged with his own footnotes from ‘Erinnerungen an Dr. Friederic Schleiermacher von Dr. Friederic Lücke,’ from the ‚Theologische und Kritiken’ ]
Conclusion of a Sermon, preached, on occasion of the Festival of the Reformation, in the University Church of Göttingen, by Julius Müller, University Preacher, and extraordinary Professor of Theology. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1, 1835, pp. 535–539. Retrospect of a Twelvemonth Passed in Germany. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol.2, (1836), pp. 49–58;65–72;201–210;292–301;385–395;457–465. Forms of Prayer for Public Worship, 1839; 1851
 A Retrospect of the Religious Life of England: or the Church, Puritanism, and Free Inquiry, (London: <mask>, 1845); (2nd ed. rev.,1853); 1876 (edited by <mask>). Socialist and Communist Theories. In: The Prospective Review, 1848, Vol. 4, (Christian Teacher Vol.X. ), July, Number XV, Art. III., pp. 351–390. [Reviews of works by : Lorenz von Stein (1815–1890)‚Karl Grün(1817–1887), Victor Prosper Considerant (1808–1893), Charles Fourier (1772–1837), Hippolyte Renaud(1803–1874), Louis Blanc (1811–1882) and the English 'Redemption Society']
Speech on the Question of American Slavery. [Thursday 19 June 1851] In: The Christian Reformer, Vol. 7,1851, pp.437–438. Christian Aspects of Faith and Duty, 1851; 1855; in German by J. Bernhard, Gotha, 1869; second series, 1877. Inaugural address, at the opening of the first session of Manchester New College, in connection with University College, delivered in University Hall, on Friday, 14 October 1853. London,1853
The Rev. J. J<mask>’s Lecture to the Secularist. In: The Reasoner & London Tribune. A Weekly Secular Newspaper, No.6. Sunday, 6 May 1855, pp. 42–43. [Originally delivered at the Literary Institution, John Street, Fitzroy Square, Friday, 27 April.] Mr. <mask> on Religion in Germany, Heidelberg, 8 September 1856 In: The Christian Reformer, Vol. 12,1856, pp. 577–583; 651–660; 705–719.Two Lectures; being the introduction to a course on the early history of Christianity. London,1857. Hegel’s Philosophy of History In: The National Review, Vol. 7, Nr. XIII.—July 1858, pp. 99–124. The Pentateuch: And Its Relation To The Jewish And Christian Dispensations.By Andrews Norton, Late Professor of Sacred History, Harvard University. Mass. Edited By <mask> <mask>, B.A. Member of the Historico-Theological Society of Leipsic, and Principal of Manchester New College, London. London, 1863. The Church and Theology of Germany during the Nineteenth Century. In: The National Review, Vol.18, 1864, January, Art. VIII, pp. 191–230. [a review of ‘Kirchengeschichte des neuenzehnten Jahrhunderts, von Dr. Ferdinand Christian Baur. Tübingen, 1862.’]
Strauss's New Work on the Life of Jesus. In: The Theological Review: A Journal of Religious Thought and Life, Vol. 1, 1864, No.III. July, pp. 335–365. An Attempt to ascertain the Character of the Fourth Gospel; especially in its relation to the three first. By <mask> <mask>, B.A., Member Of The Historico-Theological Society Of Leipsic, and Principal of Manchester New College, London., 1867[ it was dedicated to his former teacher <mask>: “To THE REV. JOHN KENRICK, M.A., F.S.A., Etc., for more than thirty years classical and historical tutor in Manchester New College, York; known to the learned by his acute and thorough researches into the history and mythology of the ancient world: not as claiming his assent to conclusions which he may not accept, but as a feeble though sincere expression of the love of scholarly honesty in the pursuit of truth, which it was the constant aim of his instructions to inspire this attempt to elucidate an important critical question, is, with every sentiment of respect and gratitude, inscribed by his friend and former pupil, the author]; 2nd ed. 1870 (edited by <mask>).Letters Embracing His Life of <mask> <mask>, B.A., Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Biblical Theology, And Principal of Manchester New College, London. Edited By <mask> Thom. In Two Volumes: with Portrait. Williams & Norgate, | 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London; And 20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. 1872.His friend and colleague, <mask> Thom separated the two volumes of <mask>'s selected letters, published in 1872, into four distinct periods of his life:

1) To the time of his Marriage: 1797–1825. 2) From his marriage to his appointment of professor of Ecclesiastical history in Manchester New College, 1825–1840. 3) From his Professorship in Manchester New College, to his removal with the College to London 1840–1853.4) Residence in London, as Principal and professor of Ecclesiastical History and of Doctrinal and Practical Theology in Manchester New College, to his Decease. 1853–1869. Thom also published here an incomplete bibliography of his works: See Appendix. List of Mr. <mask>'s Publications, [330]-336. <mask> wrote memoirs of <mask> Bowman and <mask> Robberds. He was one of the editors (1845–54) of the Prospective Review, to which he contributed; he wrote also in The Theological Review and other periodicals. Notes

Attribution

1797 births
1869 deaths
English Unitarians
English magazine editors
People from Surrey
English male non-fiction writers
Manchester Literary and Philosophical

masks:
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
James Martineau
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
James Martineau
John James
Tayler
John Hutton
Tayler
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John Chapman
James Martineau
. Tayler
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John Kenrick
James Martineau
John James
Tayler
John Hamilton
John Hamilton
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
John Eddowes
John Gooch


title: Janette Oke

texts:
<mask> (née Steeves; born February 18, 1935) (pronounced "oak") is a Canadian author of inspirational fiction. Her books are often set in a pioneer era and centered on female protagonists. Her first novel, Love Comes Softly, was published by Bethany House in 1979. , more than 75 others have followed. The first novel of her Canadian West series, When Calls the Heart (1983), became the basis of the current television series of the same name. Biography
<mask> was born in Champion, Alberta, to Canadian prairie farmers Fred and Amy (née Ruggles) Steeves, during the Great Depression years. Oke graduated from Mountain View Bible College in Didsbury, Alberta, where she met her future husband, <mask>, who later became the president of that college. The Okes have four children, including a set of twins.Oke's daughter, <mask> Logan, has co-written books with her. Oke is a committed Evangelical Christian. She has written many books about her faith. Awards
Oke received the 1992 President's Award from the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association for her significant contribution to Christian fiction, as well as the 1999 CBA Life Impact Award, and the Gold Medallion Award for fiction. List of books by <mask> Oke

Love Comes Softly series
This series is published by Bethany House. Love Comes Softly, 1979
 Love's Enduring Promise, 1980
 Love's Long Journey, 1982
 Love's Abiding Joy, 1983
 Love's Unending Legacy, 1984
 Love's Unfolding Dream, 1987
 Love Takes Wing, 1988
 Love Finds a Home, 1989

This series has also been published into two boxsets, Volume 1–4 and Volume 5–8. New revisions with updated covers were published in 2003 and 2004, including the boxsets.The  Fox Faith film versions of the "Love Comes Softly" series, which aired on the Hallmark Channel, do not completely follow the books. They starred Katherine Heigl, Dale Midkiff, Corbin Bernsen, Erin Cottrell, and others. Directors of the films included Michael Landon Jr. and Lou Diamond Phillips. There are also three prequels titled Love's Christmas Journey (2012), Love Begins (2011), and Love's Everlasting Courage (2011). A Prairie Legacy series
This series is published by Bethany House. The Tender Years, 1997
 A Searching Heart, 1998
 A Quiet Strength, 1999
 Like Gold Refined, 2000

This is a follow-up to the Love Comes Softly series. A republished edition is now available.Seasons of the Heart series
This series is published by Bethany House. Once Upon a Summer, 1981
 The Winds of Autumn, 1987
 Winter Is Not Forever, 1988
 Spring's Gentle Promise, 1989

This series was republished in 2002 with updated covers. It is about a young boy, Josh Jones, who is trying to find himself with his atypical family. Canadian West series
This series is published by Bethany House. The last two books came much later and focus on the children in the series rather than the main characters of the first four books. In 2015 all six books were released as a single ebook. When Calls the Heart, 1983
 When Comes the Spring, 1985
 When Breaks the Dawn, 1985
 When Hope Springs New, 1986
 Beyond the Gathering Storm, 1999
 When Tomorrow Comes, 2000

Return to the Canadian West series
This series is published by Bethany House.The series is co-written by <mask> Oke and her daughter, <mask> Logan. Where Courage Calls, 2014
 Where Trust Lies, 2015
 Where Hope Prevails, 2016

When Hope Calls series
Co-written with Laurel Oke Logan
 Unyielding Hope, 2020
 Sustaining Faith, 2021
 Unfailing Love, 2022

Song of Acadia series
Co-written with T. Davis Bunn and published by Bethany House. The Meeting Place, 1999
 The Sacred Shore, 2000
 The Birthright, 2001
 The Distant Beacon, 2002
 The Beloved Land, 2002

This series is continued on by T. Davis Bunn and Isabella Bunn in the follow-up series, Heirs of Acadia. Acts of Faith series
Co-written with T. Davis Bunn and published by Bethany House. The Centurion's Wife, 2009
The Hidden Flame, January 2010
The Damascus Way, 2011

Standalone books
 Return to Harmony, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Another Homecoming, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Tomorrow's Dream, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Dana's Valley, co-written with Laurel Oke Logan

Women of the West books
These books are standalone novels about different women of the West, where the author's intention is that they do not need to be read in order. The Calling of Emily Evans, 1990
 Julia's Last Hope, 1990
 Roses for Mama, 1990
 A Woman Named Dâmaris, 1991
 They Called Her Mrs. Doc, 1992
 The Measure of a Heart, 1992
 A Bride for Donnigan, 1993
 Heart of the Wilderness, 1993
 Too Long a Stranger, 1994
 The Bluebird and the Sparrow, 1995
 A Gown of Spanish Lace, 1995
 Drums of Change, 1995

Youth books
 I Wonder… Did Jesus Have a Pet Lamb? (picture book)

Janette Oke's Animal Friends series
 The Impatient Turtle
 The Prodigal Cat
 Spunky's Diary
 This Little Pig
 New Kid in Town
 Ducktails
 Prairie Dog Town
 Trouble in a Fur Coat
 Maury Had a Little Lamb
 Pordy's Prickly Problem
 A Cote of Many Colors
 Who's New at the Zoo?<mask> <mask>'s Animal Friends Pack, vols. 1–6
 <mask> <mask>'s Animal Friends Pack, vols. 7–12

Other Items by <mask> Oke
 Celebrating the Inner Beauty of Women Dec 1997
 Father Who Calls: Devotional insights for Daily Meditations
 Hunger of Your Heart: Finding Fulfillment Through a Closer Walk With God
 <mask> Oke Engagement Diary
 Janette Oke 2001 Engagement Diary (Calendar)
 <mask> Oke's Reflections on the Christmas Story
 Making Memories by <mask> Oke and Cheri Bladholm
 My favorite recipes: Featuring devotional & selected recipes
 My Favorite Verse
 The Father of Love
 The Loving Heart-Calendar
 What Does Love Look Like by <mask> <mask> and Cheri Bladholm
 ''Nana's Gift (novella) 2011

References

External links

1935 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Canadian women novelists
Canadian children's writers
Christian writers
People from Vulcan County
Writers from Alberta
Canadian women children's writers

masks:
Janette Oke
Janette Steeves
Edward Oke
Laurel Oke
Janette
Janette
Laurel Oke
Janette
Oke
Janette
Oke
Janette
Janette
Janette
Janette
Janette
Oke


title: Craig Higginson

texts:
<mask> (born 29 October 1971) is a novelist, playwright and theatre director based in Johannesburg, South Africa. He has written and published several international plays and novels and won and been nominated for numerous awards in South Africa and Britain. Life
<mask> was born in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1971 (formerly Salisbury, Rhodesia). Due to the escalating situation during the Rhodesian Bush War, he moved with his mother and sister to Johannesburg in 1976, the year of the Soweto Uprisings. At the age of ten, he attended boarding school in KwaZulu-Natal at Clifton Nottingham Road and Michaelhouse. The Midlands landscape would later feature strongly in his novels and plays. In 1990, in the weeks that saw the release of Nelson Mandela from jail and the unbanning of the African National Congress, <mask> went to the University of the Witwatersrand to study Fine Art, but later moved to a BA (Honors) in English and European Literature.In 1995, he worked as assistant to the director Barney Simon at the Market Theatre. Following Simon's death, he moved to England, where he would remain for ten years. There he worked at the Young Vic Theatre with Tim Supple and at the Royal Shakespeare Company with Michael Attenborough. He was also a theatre critic for some years at Time Out magazine. He published his first novel, Embodied Laughter, at the age of twenty-six in South Africa and England and adapted Laughter in the Dark for the Royal Shakespeare Company and BBC Radio 3 shortly afterwards. He returned to live and work in South Africa in 2004. Since then <mask> has taught at the University of the Witwatersrand and been the Literary Manager of the Market Theatre.He has published several novels and plays and worked extensively in South African television as a writer. He has a PhD in Creative Writing and is married to the actress Leila Henriques. They live in Johannesburg. Career
<mask> is an internationally acclaimed writer and theatre director. His plays (see listing below) have been produced at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival, the Market Theatre (Johannesburg), the Royal Shakespeare Company (Stratford-upon-Avon), The National Theatre (London), the Finborough Theatre (London), the Trafalgar Studios (London's West End), the Baxter Theatre (Cape Town), the Traverse Theatre (Edinburgh), Live Theatre Company (Newcastle), the Citizens Theatre (Glasgow), the Stockholm City Theatre, the Salisbury Playhouse, Theatre 503 (London), and Next Theatre (Chicago) amongst others. His plays have been published by Methuen (London), Oberon Books (London) and Wits Press (Johannesburg). Several of his plays are university set-works in South Africa and abroad.His play Dream of the Dog, starring Dame Janet Suzman, transferred to the West End after a sold-out run at the Finborough Theatre. Dominic Cavendish in The Telegraph wrote, “The Finborough has a massive, unmissable hit on its hands with Dream of the Dog … An evening fit to grab you by the throat.<mask> was one of ten playwrights from around the world to be commissioned by the National Theatre, London, for the Connections Festival 2012 to coincide with the Olympics. For this event he wrote the youth play Little Foot. <mask>'s novels include Embodied Laughter (Pan Macmillan), The Hill (Jacana), Last Summer (Picador Africa, Mercure de France), The Landscape Painter (Picador Africa), The Dream House (Picador Africa, Mercure de France), and The White Room (Picador Africa, St Martins Press, New York (audiobook)). The Landscape Painter and The Dream House both won the prestigious UJ Award for South African Literature in English and The Dream House was also shortlisted for the Sunday Times Barry Ronge Fiction Award. The Dream House is the prescribed IEB Matric set work for South African schools from 2019 to 2021. <mask> has also directed a range of theatre productions in the United Kingdom and South Africa, including Laughter in the Dark (Royal Shakespeare Company),  Blood Wedding (Pegasus Theatre, Oxford), Grimm Tales and The Jungle Book (both Market Theatre, Johannesburg), The Perfect Circle (Wits Theatre) and Dream of the Dog (SAFM, Hilton Arts Festival).Much of <mask>'s writing explores different perspectives on the truth. His work increasingly explores character, plot and relationships to be sites for ambiguity and dialogue. He uses techniques from the theatre in his fiction such as differing perspectives and dramatic irony to represent the complexity of post-apartheid South African society – extending these themes to a global context in several instances. The Girl in the Yellow Dress, one of his best known works, dramatises a dialogue between Africa and Europe – the ‘Third’ World with the ‘First’ World. He uses his experience of growing up in war-torn Zimbabwe and apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa to speak back to the complacencies of contemporary America and Europe. Mary Corrigall in the Sunday Independent stated, “<mask> has crafted a complex and sophisticated piece of work that will become a new benchmark for South African theatre.”

<mask> has been celebrated by novelists Nadine Gordimer and Andre Brink. Shortly before her death, Gordimer stated “The Dream House is an open and frank exploration of human life that resonates beyond race.Looksmart is a welcome new kind of character in the constantly evolving reality of African literature.”

Brink wrote, “<mask> is in the vanguard of the latest and most exciting novelists in South Africa, both robust and sensitive, offering a barometer of the best to be expected from the newest wave of writing in the country”

Works
Source:

Original plays
2006:                        Truth in Translation (co-writer)

2007:                        Dream of the Dog (published Wits Press 2009 (in At This Stage) and 2015 (in Three Plays), Oberon Books 2010 and 2015 (in Three Plays))

2008:                        Ten Bush (co-writer with Mncedisi Shabangu)

The Perfect Circle (monologue published in SA Monologues Vol. I, Junket Press 2015)

2009:                        The Table (co-writer with Sylvaine Strike and the Cast)

2010:                        The Girl in the Yellow Dress (published Oberon Books 2010, 2015 (in Three Plays))

2012:                        Little Foot (UK version published by Methuen in National Theatre Connections 2012, and South African version published by Oberon Books). 2015:                        The Imagined Land (published by Wits Press and Oberon Books under the title Three Plays). Novels
1998:                              Embodied Laughter (PanMacmillan, Minerva Press)

2005:                             The Hill (Jacana)

2010/ 2013/ 2017:         Last Summer (Picador Africa, Mercure de France respectively)

2011/2013:                    The Landscape Painter (Picador Africa)

2015/ 2016:                   The Dream House (Picador Africa, Mercure de France respectively, Audible, MacMillan, London )

2018:                             The White Room (Picador Africa, St Martin’s Press New York)

Adaptations
2000, 2003:               Laughter in the Dark (Royal Shakespeare Company, BBC Radio 3)

2005:                         Lord of the Flies

2008:                        The Jungle Book

2009:                         Brer Rabbit (co-writer)

Translations
2016:                         Maison de rêve (The Dream House, novel)

2017:                         L’ete dernier (Last Summer, novel)

Selected essays by <mask> Higginson
 A Triangle of Thought: Side One  with Joanna Laurens and Caridad Svich in Performance Research, Vol 9  issue 1. The State of Writing in SA , The Sunday Independent Books, 11 July 2013

Awards
2004:             Laughter in the Dark winner of the Sony Radio Academy Gold Award as a radio play on BBC Radio

2007:             Truth in Translation (co-writer) Edinburgh Fringe First, nominated for Best South African Play at the Naledi Theatre Awards

2008:             Dream of the Dog nominated Naledi Award Best South African Play. Nominated for Naledi Award Best Director, Grimm Tales. 2009:             Ten Bush (co-writer) nominated Naledi Award Best South African Play.2011:             Last Summer shortlisted for M-Net Literary Award

The Girl in the Yellow Dress won Naledi Award for Best New South African Play. Nominated for Best South African Play - Fleur du Cap Awards. Brer Rabbit (co-writer) nominated Naledi Award Best New South African Children's Production. Beautiful Creatures (co-writer) won Naledi Award Best New South African Children's Production. 2012:            The Landscape Painter won UJ Award Main Prize for South African Literature in English, shortlisted for M-Net Literary Award. 2016:            The Dream House won the UJ Award Main Prize for South African Literature in English, shortlisted for SundayTimes Barry Ronge Fiction Award

The Imagined Land nominated Naledi Award Best New South African Play

Interviews
 'Turning the Farm Novel Inside Out: Michele Magwood Interviews <mask> on The Dream House''', Sunday Times Magazine
 '5 Minutes with Author <mask>', Lauren McComb. O-The Oprah Magazine South Africa
 'Author Interview: Subverting the Farm Novel Tradition', Sue Grant-Marshall- Business Day
 'Interview with <mask>on', Author of The Dream House, Alexander Matthews.Wanted Online
 'A Rising Star: <mask>', Karina Magdalena Szczurek – Itch- The Creative Journal
'Book Review: The White Room by <mask>' - SABC News

 Reviews

 Novels
 Review of The Dream House by <mask>, Beverly Jane Cornelius. KZN Literary Tourism
 Kate Turkington Reviews The Dream House by <mask>, Sunday Times Books LIVE
 Into The Gloom – Review of The Dream House by <mask>. By Alexander Matthews, Aerodrome
 SA book review: The Landscape Painter by <mask>, Marianne Gray, The South African
 Review of Maison de Rêve by <mask> in Le Monde
 Last Summer by <mask>, Review. Caroline Smart, Artslink
Review of The White Room by Karina Magdalena
'“Fierce, sad, inspired” – Anna Stroud reviews <mask>’s soul-stirring The White Room'  Plays
 Dream of the Dog at the Finborough Theatre, Review. Dominic Cavendish, The Telegraph
 Dream of the Dog review - British Theatre Guide
 Review : The Girl in The Yellow Dress, Exeunt Magazine
 Review ; The Girl in The Yellow Dress, Edinburgh Festival
 Review of The Imagined Land. Nigel Vermaas, Cue Magazine
 Review of The Jungle Book, adapted by <mask>. References

University of the Witwatersrand alumni
People from Harare
Male dramatists and playwrights
South African dramatists and playwrights
South African male novelists
1971 births
Living people
Rhodesian emigrants to South Africa
White Zimbabwean people
White South African people
Alumni of Michaelhouse

masks:
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Craig Higginson
” Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higgins
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson