title: Jorge López Pérez

texts:
<mask>, also known as El Chuta, is a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico. <mask> joined the Mexican Army in 1979. He specialized in martial arts, parachuting, explosives and guerrilla warfare tactics. In 1981, he deserted from the military and joined a cell of the Juárez Cartel, where he coordinated drug trafficking operations in Cancún. In the early 2000s, <mask> left and worked as an independent trafficker before joining the Gulf Cartel. He became one of the first members of the cartel's newly formed paramilitary wing, Los Zetas. Like <mask>, most of the first members of Los Zetas were ex-military.Wanted on drug trafficking charges, he is one of the last remaining fugitives from the early Zetas generation. Early life and career
<mask> joined the Mexican Army on 1 October 1979. He was enrolled as a paratrooper in the Parachute Rifle Brigade (Spanish: Brigada de Fusileros Paracaidistas) and was stationed at the Santa Lucía military base in the State of Mexico. During his tenure in the military, he became a specialist in martial arts, parachuting, explosives and guerrilla warfare tactics. He deserted from the military on 17 September 1981. <mask> then joined the Juárez Cartel and was assigned to head drug trafficking operations in Cancún. He was part of a Quintana Roo-based cell headed by kingpin Alcides Ramón Magaña ("El Metro").The local gang was known as the Cancún Cartel and/or the Southeast Cartel. When Ramón Magaña was arrested in June 2001, his colleague Jesús Albino Quintero Meraz ("El Beto") contacted <mask> with a new job offer. Quintero Meraz suggested that he join the Gulf Cartel under kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén. However, <mask> moved to Veracruz and became successful as an independent drug trafficker instead. After Quintero Meraz was arrested in 2002, <mask> moved to Yucatán to manage Colombian narcotics with several local smugglers. He fled to Tamaulipas in 2003 after the Mexican Army's efforts to apprehend him intensified. Once in Tamaulipas, he was hired by Rogelio González Pizaña ("Z-2") and formally joined Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel's newly formed paramilitary group that was originally composed of ex-commandos.<mask> knew a number of members of Los Zetas from his days in the military. His alias "El Chuta" derived from the word "parachuting". <mask> is often cited as one of the founding members of Los Zetas. When the group was formed in the late 1990s, it was originally responsible for proving security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carrying out executions on the cartel's behalf. However, it underwent organizational changes over the years and began to involve itself in other criminal activities, like drug trafficking alongside the Gulf Cartel. Due to his previous experience in the Juárez Cartel and his knowledge of drug operations in the area, <mask> was assigned to coordinate drug trafficking activities for Los Zetas in Cancún. He was responsible for coordinating smuggling activities at the Cancún International Airport.According to security forces, <mask> and other members of Los Zetas based in the Mexican states of Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Chiapas and Campeche receive protection from corrupt municipal authorities and former members of the Juárez Cartel. In Los Zetas, he reported directly to Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano ("Z-3"), who co-headed the criminal group with Miguel Treviño Morales ("Z-40"). In 2002, <mask> and his colleague Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar ("El Mamito") were responsible for training new Zetas' hires. In 2004, he was responsible for coordinating international drug trafficking shipments in the Riviera Maya, an area that extended from Cancún to Tulum. This region was a strategic reception area for Los Zetas because it allowed them to receive South American narcotics arriving by boat. The drugs were stored in Playa del Carmen and Cancún for further distribution. In 2009, he was cited as a regional leader of Los Zetas in the state of Coahuila, a region he reportedly shared with Galindo Mellado Cruz ("Z-9").That year Mexican federal authorities listed him, along with Lazcano, Rejón Aguilar, Gustavo González Castro ("El Erótico") and Flavio Méndez Santiago, as one of the leading fugitives in Los Zetas. In early 2012, <mask> headed operations for Los Zetas in northeastern Mexico and was paid directly by Lazcano. Among his colleagues in this region were González Castro, José Alberto González Xalate ("El Paisa") and Salvador Alfonso Martínez Escobedo ("La Ardilla"). Intelligence reports state that <mask> was especially loyal to Lazcano, just like Zetas lieutenants González Castro, González Xalate, Juan Carlos Morales González ("El Peluchin"), Iván Velázquez Caballero ("El Talibán"), Prisciliano Ibarra Yepis and Raúl Lucio Hernández Lechuga ("El Lucky"). Several of them were once part of the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales (GAFE), the army's special forces. Charges and status
On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including <mask>. Authorities stated that <mask> was "highly dangerous", given his military background and his suspected role in homicides, drug trafficking, kidnappings, and carjackings.This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following the 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén. Unlike other Zetas members who voluntarily requested their release from the military, <mask> had deserted and joined organized crime, which is considered high treason in a military court; <mask> was wanted by the PGR, the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) and the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) for his outstanding charges. Few details of his criminal activities are known; unlike the rest of the early members of Los Zetas, who were arrested and/or killed over the years, <mask> reportedly disappeared from public view. Mexican authorities believe that he is trying to live a low-profile existence to avoid detection since there is an outstanding arrest warrant for him. He is one of the last remaining fugitives from the early Zetas generation. See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
Mexican Drug War

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Founding members of Los Zetas
Fugitives wanted by Mexico
Fugitives wanted on drug trafficking charges
Living people
Los Zetas
Mexican soldiers
Paratroopers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Jorge López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez


title: John Harding, 1st Baron Harding of Petherton

type: original

texts:
Field Marshal <mask>, 1st <mask> of Petherton,  (10 February 1896 – 20 January 1989), known as <mask>, was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War, served in the Malayan Emergency, and later advised the British government on the response to the Mau Mau Uprising. He also served as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), the professional head of the British Army, and was Governor of Cyprus from 1955 to 1957 during the Cyprus Emergency. Early life and First World War
Born the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Anstice) and educated at Ilminster Grammar School and King's College London, <mask> started as a boy clerk in December 1911, earning promotion to assistant clerk in the Post Office in July 1913 and then to full clerk in the Second Division of the Civil Service in April 1914. <mask> became a part-time soldier, joining the 11th (County of London) Battalion (Finsbury Rifles) of the London Regiment, a unit of the British Army's Territorial Force, being commissioned as a second lieutenant on 15 May 1914. During the First World War (1914–1918) he was attached to the Machine Gun Corps and fought in the Gallipoli campaign in August 1915. He transferred to the regular armed forces as a lieutenant in the Somerset Light Infantry on 22 March 1917 and was assigned to the Middle Eastern theatre of operations. He took part in the Third Battle of Gaza in November 1917 and was subsequently awarded the Military Cross.During the interwar period <mask> adopted the name "<mask>", which his Regular Army comrades preferred, and in 1921 was posted to India. He was promoted to captain on 11 October 1923 and later attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1928 to 1929. He joined the general staff at headquarters Southern Command in 1930 before becoming brigade major of the 13th Infantry Brigade in 1933. He became a company commander with the 2nd Battalion of the Somerset Light Infantry, with promotion to major on 1 July 1935. After a tour as a staff officer in the Directorate of Operations at the War Office, he was further promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 January 1938. Second World War
<mask> served in the Second World War, initially as Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry, in which capacity he served in Waziristan and was mentioned in despatches, before joining the staff of Middle East Command in October 1940 and then becoming a brigadier General Staff (BGS) of the Western Desert Force (WDF) in December. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services in that role.When Generals Richard O'Connor and Philip Neame were captured in April 1941, <mask> took temporary command of the WDF, in which capacity he took the decision to hold Tobruk. He was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 9 August 1941 (with seniority backdated to 1 January 1941) and was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). <mask> went on to be BGS of XIII Corps (the new name adopted by the former WDF) in August 1941 and was mentioned in dispatches in early 1942 and awarded a Bar to his DSO in February 1942. He was promoted to acting major-general on 26 January 1942 and became Deputy Director of Military Training Middle East Command, in which capacity he was again mentioned in despatches in the summer of 1942. He was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 7th Armoured Division in September 1942. He led the division in the Second Battle of El Alamein in October–November. He led his forward headquarters from a tank and then a jeep and, during the pursuit of the Axis forces to Tripoli, was subsequently wounded by shell splinters in January 1943.He was awarded a second Bar to his DSO for his conduct in late January 1943. At the same time his rank of major-general was made temporary. He returned to the United Kingdom and, despite having lost three fingers from his left hand, recovered relatively quickly. On 10 November 1943 he was promoted to acting lieutenant general and assumed command of VIII Corps, which was to take part in the invasion of Normandy. Soon afterwards, however, he was posted to the Italian Front in January 1944 to become Chief of Staff to General Sir Harold Alexander, then commanding the 15th Army Group (later designated the Allied Armies in Italy (AAI) before reverting to 15th Army Group in December 1944). He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 16 June 1944 for his service in Italy, and promoted to the substantive rank of major general on 13 July 1944. He played a large part in the planning for Operation Diadem, the Fourth and final Battle of Monte Cassino that led to the capture of Rome and the destruction of a large portion of the enemy's forces and the subsequent fighting on the Gothic Line.He went on to take command of XIII Corps in Italy in March 1945, leading it through the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, arriving in Trieste just after the German surrender in May and the end of World War II in Europe. He was also awarded the Legion of Merit in the Degree of Commander by U.S. President Harry S. Truman for his conduct during the war on 14 May 1948. Postwar
Promoted after the war to lieutenant general on 19 August 1946, <mask> succeeded Alexander as commander of British forces in the Mediterranean in November 1946. He became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command in July 1947 and went on to be Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), Far East Land Forces on 28 July 1949 at the early stages of the Malayan Emergency. Having been promoted to full general on 9 December 1949, made Aide-de-Camp General to H.M. The King on 21 October 1950 and advanced to a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the King's Birthday Honours 1951, <mask> became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) on 30 August 1951. <mask> was appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) on 1 November 1952: in this capacity he advised the British government on the response to the Mau Mau Uprising.He was promoted to field marshal on 21 July 1953, and retired from the army on 29 September 1955. <mask> was also Colonel of the North Somerset Yeomanry from 2 February 1949, Colonel of the 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles from 18 May 1951 (to 1961), Colonel of the Somerset Light Infantry from 13 April 1953, Colonel of the Life Guards from 26 April 1957 and Colonel of the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry from 6 October 1959. Cyprus and later career

On 3 October 1955, <mask> was assigned the post of Governor of the British colony of Cyprus. As Governor of Cyprus, <mask> sought to restore the relations with the United Kingdom, by negotiating with both the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities on the island, while the British Government was negotiating with the Greek and Turkish governments. <mask> took strict measures to improve the security situation in Cyprus, EOKA having declared an armed struggle against the British on 1 April 1955. To this end, <mask> instituted a number of unprecedented measures including curfews, closures of schools, the opening of concentration camps, the indefinite detention of suspects without trial and the imposition of the death penalty for offences such as carrying weapons, incendiary devices or any material that could be used in a bomb. A number of such executions took place often in controversial circumstances (e.g.Michalis Karaolis) leading to resentment, in Cyprus, the United Kingdom and in other countries. Implementing the policy of the British Government, <mask> also attempted to use negotiations to end the Cyprus crisis. However, negotiations with Archbishop Makarios III were unsuccessful and, eventually, <mask> exiled Makarios to the British colony of Seychelles. On 21 March 1956 EOKA made an assassination attempt on <mask>'s life which failed as the time bomb under his bed failed to go off. It was not long after this that <mask> offered a reward of £10,000 for General George Grivas, the leader of EOKA. Facing growing criticism in the United Kingdom about the methods he used and their lack of effectiveness, Sir <mask> resigned as Governor of Cyprus on 22 October 1957 and was replaced by Sir Hugh Foot. In January 1958, <mask> was created <mask> of Petherton.In retirement he became Non-Executive Chairman of Plessey as well being the first Chairman of the Horse Race Betting Levy Board. His interests included his membership of the Finsbury Rifles Old Comrades Association in which he participated until late in his life. He died at his home in Nether Compton in Dorset on 20 January 1989, just weeks away from his 93rd birthday. Family
In 1927 he married Mary Rooke; they had one son: <mask>, 2nd Baron <mask> of Petherton. Arms

References

Bibliography

External links

Generals of World War II
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1984
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1986

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1896 births
1989 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
People from South Somerset (district)
London Regiment officers
Somerset Light Infantry officers
Machine Gun Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army generals of World War II
British field marshals
Governors of British Cyprus
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Peers created by Elizabeth II
<mask> family
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
British military personnel of the Cyprus Emergency
Military personnel from Somerset

masks:
Allan Francis Harding
Baron Harding
John Harding
Francis Ebenezer Harding
Elizabeth Ellen Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
John
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
John Harding
Harding
Baron Harding
John Harding
Harding
John Harding


title: Aage Bohr

texts:
<mask> (; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, <mask> and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments. Since his father, <mask>, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father are one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Copenhagen on 19 June 1922, the fourth of six sons of the physicist <mask> and his wife <mask>). His oldest brother, Christian, died in a boating accident in 1934, and his youngest, Harald, from childhood meningitis. Of the others, Hans became a physician; Erik, a chemical engineer; and Ernest, a lawyer and  Olympic athlete who played field hockey for Denmark at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. The family lived at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, where he grew up surrounded by physicists who were working with his father, such as Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, Yoshio Nishina, Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg.In 1932, the family moved to the Carlsberg Æresbolig, a mansion donated by Carl Jacobsen, the heir to Carlsberg breweries, to be used as an honorary residence by the Dane who had made the most prominent contribution to science, literature, or the arts. <mask> went to high school at Sortedam Gymnasium in Copenhagen. In 1940, shortly after the German occupation of Denmark in April, he entered the University of Copenhagen, where he studied physics. He assisted his father, helping draft correspondence and articles related to epistemology and physics. In September 1943, word reached his family that the Nazis considered them to be Jewish, because <mask>'s grandmother, Ellen Adler <mask>, had been Jewish, and that they therefore were in danger of being arrested. The Danish resistance helped the family escape by sea to Sweden. <mask> arrived there in October 1943, and then flew to Britain on a de Havilland Mosquito operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation.The Mosquitoes were unarmed high-speed bomber aircraft that had been converted to carry small, valuable cargoes or important passengers. By flying at high speed and high altitude, they could cross German-occupied Norway, and yet avoid German fighters. <mask>, equipped with parachute, flying suit and oxygen mask, spent the three-hour flight lying on a mattress in the aircraft's bomb bay. On arrival in London, <mask> rejoined his father, who had flown to Britain the week before. He officially became a junior researcher at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,  but actually served as personal assistant and secretary to his father. The two worked on Tube Alloys, the British atomic bomb project. On 30 December 1943, they made the first of a number of visits to the United States, where his father was a consultant to the Manhattan Project.Due to his father's fame, they were given false names; <mask> became James Baker, and his father, Nicholas Baker. In 1945, the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, Robert Oppenheimer, asked them to review the design of the modulated neutron initiator. They reported that it would work. That they had reached this conclusion put Enrico Fermi's concerns about the viability of the design to rest. The initiators performed flawlessly in the bombs used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Career
In August 1945, with the war ended, <mask> returned to Denmark, where he resumed his university education, graduating with a master's degree in 1946, with a thesis concerned with some aspects of atomic stopping power problems. In early 1948, <mask> became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.While paying a visit to Columbia University, he met Isidor Isaac Rabi, who sparked in him an interest in recent discoveries related to the hyperfine structure of deuterium. This led to <mask> becoming a visiting fellow at Columbia from January 1949 to August 1950. While in the United States, <mask> married Marietta Soffer on 11 March 1950. They had three children: Vilhelm, Tomas and Margrethe. By the late 1940s it was known that the properties of atomic nuclei could not be explained by then-current models such as the liquid drop model developed by Niels <mask> amongst others. The shell model, developed in 1949 by Maria Goeppert-Mayer and others, allowed some additional features to be explained, in particular the so-called magic numbers. However, there were also properties that could not be explained, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei.In a 1950 paper, James Rainwater of Columbia University suggested a variant of the drop model of the nucleus that could explain a non-spherical charge distribution. Rainwater's model postulated a nucleus like a balloon with balls inside that distort the surface as they move about. He discussed the idea with <mask>, who was visiting Columbia at the time, and had independently conceived the same idea, and had, about a month after Rainwater's submission, submitted for publication a paper that discussed the same problem, but along more general lines. <mask> imagined a rotating, irregular-shaped nucleus with a form of surface tension. <mask> developed the idea further, in 1951 publishing a paper that comprehensively treated the relationship between oscillations of the surface of the nucleus and the movement of the individual nucleons. Upon his return to Copenhagen in 1950, <mask> began working with Ben Mottelson to compare the theoretical work with experimental data. In three papers, that were published in 1952 and 1953, <mask> and Mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment; for example, showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum.They were thereby able to reconcile the shell model with Rainwater's concept. This work stimulated many new theoretical and experimental studies. <mask>, Mottelson and Rainwater were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Because his father had been awarded the prize in 1922, <mask> became one of only four pairs of fathers and sons to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. Only after doing his Nobel Prize-winning research did <mask> receive his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen, in 1954, writing his thesis on "Rotational States of Atomic Nuclei". <mask> became a professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1956, and, following his father's death in 1962, succeeded him as director of the Niels Bohr Institute, a position he held until 1970. He remained active there until he retired in 1992.He was also a member of the board of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita) from its inception in 1957, and was its director from 1975 to 1981. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he won the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1960, the Atoms for Peace Award in 1969, H.C. Ørsted Medal in 1970, Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1972, John Price Wetherill Medal in 1974, and the Ole Rømer medal in 1976. <mask> and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure. The first volume, Single-Particle Motion, appeared in 1969; the second, Nuclear Deformations, in 1975. In 1972 he was awarded an honorary degree, doctor philos. honoris causa, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He was also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1980.In 1981, <mask> became a founding member of the World Cultural Council. His wife Marietta died on 2 October 1978. In 1981, he married Bente Scharff Meyer (1926–2011). His son, <mask>, is a Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Denmark, working in the area of fluid dynamics. <mask> <mask> died in Copenhagen on 9 September 2009. He was outlived by his second wife and children. Notes

References

External links

  including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1975 Rotational Motion in Nuclei
 Oral History interview transcript with <mask> <mask> 23 & 30 January 1963, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

1922 births
2009 deaths
Atoms for Peace Award recipients
Danish Nobel laureates
Danish nuclear physicists
Danish people of Jewish descent
20th-century Danish physicists
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Columbia University faculty
<mask>
Nobel laureates in Physics
Scientists from Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen alumni
Manhattan Project people
Aage
Danish expatriates in the United States
Burials at Mariebjerg Cemetery

masks:
Aage Niels Bohr
Bohr
Niels Bohr
Aage Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr
Margrethe Bohrund
Bohr
Aage
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Bohr
Tomas Bohr
Aage
Bohr
Aage
Bohr
Aage


title: Teodoro Bronzini

texts:
<mask> (October 10, 1888 – August 20, 1981) was an Argentine politician, affiliated with the Socialist Party, who served as Mayor of Mar del Plata for four periods, from the 1920s to the 1960s. He developed a public and private career for more than 60 years. Bronzini is unanimously recognized for his honest and efficient administration of the public finance. Early life and career
He was born on October 10, 1888, in the neighborhood of La Boca, Buenos Aires. His parents were Italian immigrants from the town of Porto Recanati (at that time hamlet of Recanati), in the Italian region of Marche, on the Adriatic Sea coast. His father was <mask>, a boat skipper in Italy, and in Argentina worked in the fishing industry, first in the Rio de la Plata and soon in the city of Mar del Plata, where he and his family settled  in 1892. Her mother was Luisa Giorgetti.At the age of eight he worked in one of the old resorts on Bristol beach. Soon after, he became the newsboy at Bristol Hotel. Once he completed his basic instruction, he graduated as bookkeeper, which prepared him to work for retailers, and to teach accountancy and mathematics at a later period of his life. From 1937 he became involved in insurance business, which would be his main private activity for the rest of his life along with press activities. Affiliation to the Socialist Party

Bronzini joined the Socialist Party in April 1915 and on December 7 he founded the weekly magazine El Trabajo ("The Work"), becoming its first director. From 1920  until its demise in 1974, this was the main Socialist newspaper in Buenos Aires Province. Bronzini and other columnists developed a permanent struggle for the Socialist principles of social justice and democracy, with a big compromise towards the public liberties, favouring a suitable and honest handling of the public interests under the scope of the State, and fighting without concessions the advances of the central governments over the municipal autonomy.In 1917 he acceded for the first time to the Deliberative Council in representation of the Socialist Party, being reelected for 1918/19. The electoral success of November 1919 allowed the revolutionary fact of consecrate Bronzini as Socialist Mayor in a city like Mar del Plata, a safe haven to the summer-visiting Argentine upper class and its local sympathizers. He is considered thus one of the first socialist Mayors of the Americas. That first period (1920–21) was briefly interrupted by an arbitrary intervention of the provincial government, who had to restore him in office by judicial ruling. For the  period 1922–23, Socialist councilman Rufino Inda was elected Mayor. Bronzini returned to office for the period 1924–25, as councilman in 1926–27, and again as Mayor for 1928–29. This period was also interrupted by another illegal intervention in September 1929, just 60 days after his electoral success, in order to prevent a new socialist mandate.A strong evidence of the effective task made by the Socialist administrations during the 20s are the successive electoral victories the party won with a percentage surpassing the 50%, all that in coexistence with politically adverse provincial and national governments. Bronzini was also nominated provincial commissioner for the period 1921-22, 1925–28 and 1930 until the military coup of 6 September 1930. It is possible to argue that the double provincial and local charges intended to offer legislative immunity as a protection to the municipal autonomy. Masonry membership
By the same time, he was president of the masonic lodge Liga Masónica 9 de Julio de 1891, which still exists in Mar del Plata. Since 1939 he strongly vowed for secularism in the society, in accordance with "the liberal traditions of Argentina". The lodge published a tribute to Bronzini shortly after his death. The 'patriotic fraud' period

While the military government of  General José Félix Uriburu pretended to restore democracy by calling elections in 1931, the popular vote was actually outmaneuvered in several provinces by electoral fraud, specially in Buenos Aires, where the fraud reached scandalous levels.In Mar del Plata, during the first municipal election of the 1930s, and despite the blatant fraud, there was socialist representation in the Deliberative Council, integrated among others by Bronzini, who was characterized by a spirited defense of the popular interests. His support to the Cooperative of Electricity and the denounce of the scandalous contract with the Compania Argentina de Electricidad (CADE) made headlines on those years, at the same time that in Buenos Aires took place the famous issue of the CHADE. During that time, known in Argentina as the década infame, electoral fraud and gerrymandering prevented Socialism to gain seats in the local Council and elsewhere. Bronzini eventually won a seat in the provincial house of representatives for the period 1933–36, where he specially wows, through the budgetary debates, for a rigorous accountability of the public funds and denounced in detail the conservative government vices and abuses, prompting a severe control of the public deficit. In 1934 he was a member of the convention for the reform of the provincial Constitution. Peronism and beyond

The conservative regime fell as a consequence of the so-called June 4th Revolution of 1943, followed by a military government and then by Perón presidency. Bronzini returned to the Legislature for the periods 1948–51 and 1952–55 until the military coup of September 16, 1955.This legislative period saw him as a strong upholder of the freedom of speech and the financial accountability of the public spending. In 1957 he was elected representative for the convention of Santa Fe who reformed the National Constitution, which prevailed until the 1994 reform. In 1958 there were new elections for Mayor, this time for a four-year period. In 1962, when president Arturo Frondizi nullified the elections of March that year, the resulting provincial government extended the mandates of a number of council Governments, among them Mar del Plata district; as result, Bronzini continued to be Mayor until April 1963. After the renewal of the constitutional authorities in October 1963, Bronzini was elected Provincial Senator, remaining in office until the military coup of 28 July 1966. During this mandate, which was the last public position exerted by Bronzini, he played a key role in the amendment of the Statutory law  of the Bank of the Province. To his proposal, the bank had to grant loans to the townships proportionally to the taxes that those had to pay to the Province.He died on 20 August 1981, in Mar del Plata. Notes

References

Lombardo, Jorge Raúl (2006) El espacio de Bronzini; una aproximación a sus ideas y sus obras. Suárez Ed. Mar del Plata

1888 births
1981 deaths
Mayors of General Pueyrredón
People from Mar del Plata
Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians
Argentine people of Italian descent

masks:
Teodoro Bronzini
Juan Bronzini


title: Ed Emshwiller

texts:
<mask> (February 16, 1925 – July 27, 1990) was an American visual artist notable for his science fiction illustrations and his pioneering experimental films. He usually signed his illustrations as Emsh but sometimes used <mask>, <mask>, Willer and others. Background and early career

Born in Lansing, Michigan of Germanic descent, he graduated from the University of Michigan in 1947, and then studied at École des Beaux Arts (1949–50) in Paris with his wife, novelist <mask> (née Fries), whom he married on August 30, 1949. He also studied at the Art Students League of New York (1950–51). Illustrator

From 1951 to 1979, while living in Levittown, New York, Emshwiller created covers and interior illustrations for dozens of science fiction paperbacks and magazines, notably Galaxy Science Fiction and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. He debuted in the pulp magazines with about 50 interior illustrations and four cover paintings for the May to December 1951 issues of Galaxy, a monthly edited by H. L. Gold. In that year or 1952 he also did his first book cover for the U.S. paperback edition of Odd John (Galaxy Publishing Corp.) Because he experimented with a diversity of techniques, there is no typical Emsh cover.His painterly treatment for the August 1951 cover of Galaxy Science Fiction prefigures later work by Leo and Diane Dillon. Film and video

In 1964, a Ford Foundation grant allowed Emshwiller to pursue his interest in film. Active in the New American Cinema movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, he created multimedia performance pieces and did cine-dance and experimental films, such as the 38-minute Relativity (1966). He also was a cinematographer on documentaries, such as Emile de Antonio's Painters Painting (1972), and feature films, such as Time of the Heathen (1964) and Adolfas Mekas' Hallelujah the Hills (1963). Emshwiller's footage of Bob Dylan singing "Only a Pawn in Their Game" on July 6, 1963 at a Voters' Registration Rally in Greenwood, Mississippi, was shot for Jack Willis' 1963 documentary The Streets of Greenwood and appears in D. A. Pennebaker's Dylan documentary, Dont Look Back (1967). His films of the 1960s were mostly shot in 16mm color, and some of these included double exposures created simply by rewinding the cameras. He was one of the earliest video artists.With Scape-Mates (1972), he began his experiments in video, combining computer animation with live-action. In 1979, he produced Sunstone, a groundbreaking three-minute 3-D computer-generated video made at the New York Institute of Technology with Alvy Ray Smith. Now in the Museum of Modern Art's video collection, Sunstone was exhibited at SIGGRAPH 79, the 1981 Mill Valley Film Festival and other festivals. In 1979, it was shown on WNET's Video/Film Review, and a single Sunstone frame was used on the front cover of Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, published in 1982 by Addison-Wesley. CalArts

After a period as artist-in-residence at the Television Laboratory WNET/13 (New York), where he worked on the effects for The Lathe of Heaven among other projects, he moved to California, where he was the founder of the CalArts Computer Animation Lab and served as dean of the School of Film/Video at the California Institute of Arts from 1979 to 1990. He also served as provost from 1981 through 1986. In 1987, he created his electronic video opera, Hunger, for the 1987 Los Angeles Arts Festival, in partnership with composer Morton Subotnick.It was his last completed work, also presented in October 1989 at the Ars Electronica Festival in Linz, Austria. Influence

One of Emshwiller's neighbors in Levittown was Bill Griffith, later acclaimed for his Zippy syndicated comic strip, and Griffith's parents sometimes posed as models for Emshwiller's illustrations. Griffith, who credited Emshwiller as an influence on his becoming an artist, was painted by Emshwiller into the front cover of Original Science Fiction (September 1957). Griffith commented, "He didn't point me to cartooning, but he pointed me into art in general and showed me a way of understanding how within one artist, there could exist this pop culture impulse and a fine art impulse." Archives and awards

Emshwiller won one of the inaugural Hugo Awards in 1953, as the previous year's best "Cover Artist" (a tie with Hannes Bok). Cover artists and interior illustrators were not thereafter distinguished by the Hugo Award for Best Artist under various names; he won four more during the 1960s under the current "Professional Artist" distinction. On June 16, 2007, he became the third artist inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame.His paintings of aliens were displayed in the Alien Encounters exhibition of the Science Fiction Museum, which houses the hall of fame, at that time (September 10, 2006 to October 30, 2007). His papers are archived at the California Institute of Arts. Personal life

Carol and <mask>er had three children—<mask>, screenwriter <mask> (Pollock) and actor-novelist Stoney <mask> (The Host, Short Blade). Family members, including his brother Maclellan <mask>, often served as models in his illustrations. Carol and Eve Emshwiller can be seen in a Galaxy Science Fiction cover (January 1957). Emshwiller died of cancer on July 27, 1990, in Santa Clarita, California, where he was cremated. Books
 Ortiz, Luis, <mask>, <mask>, and Alex Eisenstein.Emshwiller: Infinity x Two: The Art & Life of <mask> & Carol Emshwiller. New York: Nonstop Press, 2007. See also

Notes

References

External links

Emsh and Coye

1925 births
1990 deaths
American experimental filmmakers
American illustrators
American speculative fiction artists
Deaths from cancer in California
Hugo Award-winning artists
Science fiction artists
Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees
University of Michigan alumni
Artists from Lansing, Michigan
People from Levittown, New York
New York Institute of Technology faculty
People from Valencia, Santa Clarita, California
American people of Germanic descent

masks:
Edmund Alexander Emshwiller
Ed Emsh
Ed Emsler
Carol Emshwiller
Ed Emshwill
Eve Emshwiller
Susan Emshwiller
Peter Emshwiller
Emshwiller
Ed Emshwiller
Carol Emshwiller
Ed


title: Paul Le Jeune

texts:
<mask> (1591–1664) was a French Jesuit missionary in New France. He served as the Superior of the Jesuits in Canada from 1632 to 1639. During his tenure, he began a mission at Trois-Rivières, founded the community at Sillery, and saw the establishment of the Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. Biography
<mask> was born to a Huguenot family in Vitry-le-François in the region of Champagne, France in 1591, and converted to Roman Catholicism at the age of sixteen. <mask>une received a thorough preparation for the Jesuit priesthood; he was a novice for two years between 1613 and 1615, and he was deeply influenced by his mentor Father Massé, whom he met at the collège Henri IV de La Flèche. During his studies, <mask>une developed a keen interest in missions and became convinced that education was a key element in any successful attempt to spread Christianity. After finishing his philosophical studies <mask> was a teacher at the colleges in Rennes (1618–19) and Bourges (1619–22).In 1624, <mask>une was ordained, and in 1632 he was named superior of the Jesuit mission in Canada. He had not requested the posting to New France, but accepted without complaint and embarked from Le Havre with two companions on 18 April 1632. It was a difficult voyage and the forty year old <mask>une was terribly seasick. They arrived a Tadoussac on 18 June 1632. New France
Le Jeune's first year was spent in the French settlements. Perhaps best known for his work with the Native American population, <mask>une displayed an eagerness for learning various Native American languages. His assignment was to translate the Scriptures.Sometimes he caught them "teaching him obscene words in place of the right ones." Among his most well-documented experiences are his travels during the winter of 1633-1634 among the Montagnais. During the trip he had to contend with the teasing and occasional hostility of the shaman, Carigonan. While his work during those six months did not result in mass conversions as he had hoped, his ethnographic account of the Montagnais and his personal anecdotes about the cold, hunger, and conflicts he encountered are recorded in Relations des Jésuites de la Nouvelle-France of 1634. E.F.K. Koemer suggests that <mask> Jeune's identification of a distinction between animate and inanimate nouns eventually assisted John Eliot in his grammar of the Natick language. <mask>une decided that in order to effectively carry out his apostolate, he needed to establish mission settlements, on the model of Jesuit missionary work in San Ignacio Miní in Misiones Argentina and bordering region of Paraguay, a hospital to care for the aged and the ill, and schools for educating the young.He wrote: "I believe that souls are all made of the same stock, and that they do not materially differ; Hence, these barbarians having well formed bodies, and organs well regulated and well arranged, their minds ought to work with ease. Education and instruction alone are lacking." <mask>une encouraged his missionaries to learn the native languages. In 1634 he sent Father Jacques Buteux to the trading post at Trois-Rivières to instruct the indigenous people who used it as a summer stopping place. In 1635 a Jesuit college to educate French and Amerindian boys was established in Quebec, with Antoine Daniel in charge, but closed after five years. That December <mask> preached the sermon at Samuel de Champlain's funeral. In a 1637 letter he cautions all missionaries not to make the "savages" wait for them when embarking in the morning, to never show distaste for any of their customs, and to help out during portages, or over-land journeys, from one river to another.That same year he laid the foundation of a house for missionaries at Sillery, named after benefactor Noël Brûlart de Sillery, who provided the funds. <mask>une found that devotional images helped a good deal in conveying ideas he was trying to express. Religious processions had an important civic function. <mask> Jeune recorded a celebration held in Quebec in 1639 honoring the birth of Louis XIV. Along with fireworks and cannon salutes, a procession was held in conjunction with the Feast of the Assumption, in which the French and more than a hundred Indians, six of them dressed in sumptuous French royal garments, processed from the hospital, to the Ursuline convent, and finally to the Jesuit church. Prayers were said in both French and the local Indian language, and when the procession ended, the Governor provided a feast for all in attendance. The procession had become a centerpiece of the fragile multicultural community.By 1639 there were less than 100 converts among the Hurons, who numbered several thousands. <mask> and his contemporaries did not limit their efforts in conversions and education to Native Americans. While there were fewer slaves in the French colonies than in the English and Spanish ones, <mask> Jeune's interactions with African slaves in Quebec set a key precedent that would inspire later generations of priests, teachers, activists, and abolitionists. Jesuit practice viewed all people as equal before God and as having equal need for salvation. Thus, it was incumbent on the Church to provide for the intellectual and spiritual well-being of slaves. <mask> himself adopted a very direct approach to this issue. As early as 1634, <mask> expressed enthusiasm because he found himself teaching African children the alphabet, and in Volume V of The Jesuit Relations he emphasized the need for Africans to gain sufficient learning and literacy so that they could demonstrate enough of an understanding of Catholic dogma to secure the rite of baptism.Since Jesuits consistently emphasized the role of the intellect, it is logical that they advocated education for slaves throughout the colonies. Most of the priests' work was with slave children; unlike adults, they were granted time away from their masters for basic schooling, and since so much cultural disruption had already taken place, slave parents were not generally viewed as opponents to education in the same way that Native American parents were. In their work with the children of colonists, slaves, and Native Americans, <mask>une and his fellow Jesuits used the same sort of materials, such as a primer or hornbook that were used throughout the North American colonies. These materials transmitted traditional European cultural and religious beliefs while they encouraged literacy. Teaching the catechism, biblical passages, and religious stories was, the Jesuits believed, the primary role of literacy in New France. He established the chapel of Notre Dame de Recouvrance in Quebec and assigned Fathers Charles Lallemant and Anne de Nouë to it. In August 1639 Sister Marie of the Incarnation arrived in Quebec.The Ursulines established a convent in the lower town (Basse-Ville). Also on board were three Canonesses of St. Augustine of the Mercy of Jesus to establish a hospital underwritten by Marie Madeleine d'Aiguillon, niece of Cardinal Richelieu in response to a report from Le Jeune that had been published in the Relations in France. <mask> remained the superior of the Jesuit mission until 1639 when he was replaced by Father Barthélemy Vimont, but he did not return to France until 1649. Upon his return, he served as the mission procurator of New France until 1662, only two years before his death. Long-term implications
The writings and experiences of <mask> and his fellow Jesuits are reflected in the Code Noir passed by France's King Louis XIV in 1685. This document outlined the rights of both slaves and their masters throughout the French colonies and notably advocated that slaves gain enough education that they would understand and embrace Catholicism. In fact, slave masters were required to offer access to baptism.Le Jeune's influence was not limited to Canadian territories or seventeenth century Jesuits; when the French settled Louisiana, there was a clear sense that literacy and religion were interconnected. Even after Louisiana became part of the United States, Catholic priests and laypersons continued to advocate for slave literacy. Indeed, the lack of formal education for slaves became a key factor in the Catholic Church's later support of Abolitionism. Toponyms Le Jeune
In recognition of the work of the missionary life <mask> <mask>, some geographic names have been assigned to this Jesuit who came from France, and founder of the hamlet of Trois-Rivières in 1634:
 "Canton Le Jeune" (Township Le Jeune), Sainte-Thècle, Quebec. Already baptized in 1873, this Township of forest is located between the village of Saint-Joseph-de-Mékinac, Quebec and Sainte-Thècle, Quebec. This township has several lakes whose names evoke the Jesuit <mask> Jeune: Missionary lake and the Lake Jesuit. Chemin du Canton-Le Jeune (Le Jeune Township road), Sainte-Thècle, Quebec.Domaine du Canton-Le Jeune, Sainte-Thècle, Quebec. "Le Jeune" lake, Sainte-Thècle, Quebec. Lake Jesuit, Sainte-Thècle, Quebec. Missionary lake. École polyvalente Paul Le Jeune (High School), in Saint-Tite, Quebec. This school was opened in September 1969 for secondary students in the area known as Normandy (now Mékinac area). Historical research on the passage said Mékinac-Tawachiche were made in 1968-69 by Jean-Noël Carpentier, who was General Director of the "Commission scolaire de Normandie" (headquartered in Saint-Tite) from 1969 to 1972.His historical research was based in part on the "Jesuit Relations," written by missionaries at the beginning of the French colony. References

Sources
Le Code Noir ou recueil des reglements rendus jusqu'a present (Paris: Prault, 1767) [1980 reprd. by the Societé, d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe]. Translated by John Garrigus. Skallerup, <mask>. 2006. Welton, Michael.(2005). "Cunning Pedagogies: The Encounter between the Jesuit Missionaries and Amerindians in 17th century New France," In Adult Education Quarterly 55. pp. 101–116. Woodson, C.G. (1915). The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861: A History of the Education of Colored People from the Beginning of Slavery Until the Civil War. New York: G.P.Putnam's Sons. External links
Le Jeune, <mask>. Relation de ce qui s'est passé en la Nouvelle France en l'annee 1936][http://rd.uqam.ca/LeJeune/ Les portraits du père jésuite Paul Le Jeune, confusions et conversions...'', Web Robert DEROME, professeur honoraire d'histoire de l'art, Université du Québec à Montréal. 1591 births
1664 deaths
People from Vitry-le-François
17th-century French Jesuits
French Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in Canada
Jesuit missionaries in New France

masks:
Paul Le Jeune
Le Jeune
Le Je
Le Je
Father Le Jeune
Le Je
Le Je
Le Je
Le
Le Je
Le Je
Le Jeune
Le Je
Le
Le Jeune
Le
Le Jeune
Le Jeune
Le Je
Le Jeune
Le Jeune
Paul Le
Jeune
Paul Le
Lee
Paul


title: William Rowley

texts:
<mask> (c.1585 – February 1626) was an English Jacobean dramatist, best known for works written in collaboration with more successful writers. His date of birth is estimated to have been c. 1585; he was buried on 11 February 1626 in the graveyard of St James's, Clerkenwell in north London. (An unambiguous record of <mask>'s death was discovered in 1928, but some authorities persist in listing his death-date as 1642.) Life and work
<mask> was an actor-playwright who specialized in playing clown characters (that is, characters whose function is to provide low comedy). He must also have been a large man, since his forte lay specifically in fat-clown roles. He played the Fat Bishop in Thomas Middleton's A Game at Chess, and Plumporridge in the same author's Inner Temple Masque. He also wrote fat-clown parts for himself to play: Jaques in All's Lost by Lust (a role "personated by the Poet," the 1633 quarto states), and Bustopha in The Maid in the Mill, his collaboration with John Fletcher.He certainly played Simplicity in The World Tossed at Tennis, and probably Chough in A Fair Quarrel — and since these are <mask> collaborations, they qualify as two more parts that <mask> wrote for himself. (Internal evidence shows that in collaborations, <mask> normally handled the comic subplot – though he was not restricted solely to comic material: in The Changeling, A Fair Quarrel, and The Maid in the Mill, he wrote substantial portions of the main plots as well.) The part of the otherwise-unnamed Clown in The Birth of Merlin shows signs of being another role that <mask> the playwright wrote with <mask> the actor in mind. As a writer, <mask> was almost exclusively a dramatist; the pamphlet A Search for Money (1609) is his only sustained work of non-dramatic prose. Two plays are generally accepted as <mask>'s solo works: A Shoemaker a Gentleman (c. 1607–9) and All's Lost by Lust (1619). Three other works that might have been Rowley solo plays have not survived: Hymen's Holidays or Cupid's Vagaries (1612), A Knave in Print (1613), and The Fool Without Book (also 1613). <mask> appears to have begun his career working for Queen Anne's Men at the Red Bull Theatre.In 1609, he was part of a group of actors who set up a new playing company, the Duke of York's Men, which became known as Prince Charles's Men after 1612. Most of <mask>'s career was spent writing and clowning for this company, which was based at a series of different playhouses, including the Curtain, the Hope, and the Red Bull. <mask> was the troupe's payee for their Court performances in the 1610–15 era. In 1623, <mask> left his company and joined the highly successful King's Men at the Globe, until his death in 1626. Though relatively brief, his stay with the troupe was eventful: in 1624 he was embroiled in both the Game at Chess controversy in August and the Spanish Viceroy affair in December. The roles he took with the company likely included Cacafogo in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife, the Cook in Rollo Duke of Normandy, and Tony in A Wife for a Month. Notably, <mask> did not necessarily restrict his playwriting efforts to the company to which he was committed as an actor.In 1624 he was a member of the King's Men, Shakespeare's famous company, and in August of that year played in their notorious production of A Game at Chess — yet in the same year he worked on the now-lost play Keep the Widow Waking with Dekker, Ford, and Webster, which was intended for the Red Bull Theatre. Plays by <mask>
<mask>'s canon is plagued by uncertainty and by the complexities of collaboration: the following is only an approximate guide. All's Lost by Lust (performed 1618–19; printed 1633)
The Birth of Merlin; or, The Child Hath Found its Father (performed 1622; printed 1662). The title page claims <mask> as <mask>'s co-writer, but this claim is disputed. The Changeling (performed 1622; printed 1653). Co-written with Thomas Middleton. A Cure for a Cuckold (performed 1624; printed 1661).Co-written with John Webster. A Fair Quarrel (performed 1614–17; printed 1617). Co-written with Thomas Middleton. Fortune by Land and Sea (performed c.1607; printed 1655). Co-written with Thomas Heywood. The Maid in the Mill (performed 1623; printed 1647). Co-written with John Fletcher.A Match at Midnight (performed c.1622; printed 1633). Attributed only to 'W. R.', and stylistic analysis suggests that it may not be by <mask>. A New Wonder, a Woman Never Vexed (performed 1610–14; printed 1632). Possibly a collaboration; George Wilkins and Thomas Heywood have been suggested as co-writers. The Old Law, or A New Way to Please You (performed 1618; printed 1656). Co-written with Thomas Middleton, and, possibly, a third collaborator who may have been Philip Massinger or Thomas Heywood.A Shoemaker a Gentleman (date of composition unknown; printed 1638)
The Spanish Gypsy (performed 1623; printed 1653). Although the title page attributes this play to <mask> and Thomas Middleton, stylistic analysis favours a different playwriting team: John Ford and Thomas Dekker. The Thracian Wonder (date of composition unknown; printed 1661). The title page attributes this play to <mask> and John Webster although few readers accept Webster's presence. The Travels of the Three English Brothers (performed and printed 1607). Co-written with George Wilkins and John Day. Wit at Several Weapons (performed c.1615; printed 1647).Although it was first printed as part of the Beaumont and Fletcher folio, stylistic analysis suggests that this play was heavily revised by <mask> and Thomas Middleton. The Witch of Edmonton (performed 1621; published 1658). Co-written with John Ford and Thomas Dekker. The World Tossed at Tennis (performed and printed 1620). Co-written with Thomas Middleton. Notes

References
Bentley, G. E. The Jacobean and Caroline Stage. 7 vols.(Oxford University Press, 1941–68). Chambers, E. K. The Elizabethan Stage. (Oxford University Press, 1923). Gurr, Andrew. The Shakespeare Company, 1594–1642. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Lake, David J.The Canon of Thomas Middleton's Plays. (Cambridge University Press, 1975). External links
 David Gunby, ‘<mask>, <mask> (1585?–1626)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 5 June 2007

English male stage actors
English Renaissance dramatists
17th-century English male actors
17th-century English dramatists and playwrights
17th-century English male writers
1580s births
1626 deaths

masks:
William Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Middleton Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
William Shakespeare
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
Rowley
William


title: Yuliya Yefimova

texts:
<mask>va (, also romanized Efimova; born 3 April 1992) is a Russian competitive swimmer. She is the Russian national record holder in the 200 metre individual medley (short course), 50 metre breaststroke (short course and long course), 100 metre breaststroke (short course and long course), and 200 metre breaststroke (short course and long course). After making her Olympic debut in 2008, she went on to win the bronze medal in the 200 metre breaststroke in 2012, and silver medals in the 100 metre and 200 metre breaststroke in 2016. She is a six-time World Champion, winning the 50 metre breaststroke in 2009 and 2013, the 100 metre breaststroke in 2015, and the 200 metre breaststroke in 2013, 2017, and 2019. She is also a former world record holder in the 50 metre breaststroke. After failing a drug test, Yefimova was disqualified from competition for 16 months, from October 2013 to February 2015, was stripped of her results and medals at the 2013 European Short Course Championships, and four of her world short-course records were invalidated. Personal life
Yefimova was born in Grozny, but due to the First Chechen War her family moved to Volgodonsk soon after.There she took up swimming at the age of six, coached by her father Andrey Yefimov. Until 2011, she lived in Taganrog, where she trained under Irina Vyatchanina and studied at the Southern Federal University. In March 2011, she moved to California, United States, where she was coached by Dave Salo, the head coach of the University of Southern California swimming team. Swimming career

2007—2009
Yefimova's first notable achievement was winning the 50 metre, 100 metre, and 200 metre breaststroke titles at the 2007 European Short Course Swimming Championships. At 15 years of age, she set her first European record and Russian national record in the short course 200 metre breaststroke with her time of 2:19.08 in the final that won her the gold medal in the event. At the 2008 European Aquatics Championships she was the gold medalist in the 200 metre breaststroke and the silver medalist in the 50 metre breaststroke. Yefimova competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing when she was 16, placing fourth in the 100 metre breaststroke and fifth in the 200 metre breaststroke.In the prelims heats of the 100 metre breaststroke, she ranked second overall, swimming a new European record and Russian record time of 1:06.08 and finishing behind only Leisel Jones of Australia. At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome, Italy, Yefimova won the gold medal in the 50 metre breaststroke in a world record time of 30.09 seconds at 17 years of age. 2010—2013
Yefimova won gold medals at the 2010 European Aquatics Championships in the 50 metre and 100 metre breaststroke events. In 2012, she earned the bronze medal in the 200 metre breaststroke at the 2012 Summer Olympics with a new European record time of 2:20.92. A year later, at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Yefimova triumphed in the 200 metre breaststroke with a time of 2:19.41. In the 50 metre breaststroke prelims heats, she achieved a new world record of 29.78 seconds. She won the finals, finishing first in 29.52 seconds.Suspension
In January 2014, it was announced that Yefimova had failed an out of competition drug test in October 2013. Her positive test was for DHEA, an endogenous steroid hormone banned in professional sports. On 13 May 2014, she was disqualified by FINA for 16 months, from 31 October 2013 to 28 February 2015. She was stripped of her results and medals at the 2013 European Short Course Championships. Her four world short-course records (two relays and the 50 metre and 200 metre breaststroke set in November/December 2013) were also invalidated. 2015 World Aquatics Championships

In August 2015, after 16 months of disqualification due to the positive drug test, Yefimova competed at the World Aquatics Championships in Kazan. She won a gold medal in the 100 metre breaststroke with a time of 1:05.66 that was seven tenths of a second faster than the next fastest swimmer, Rūta Meilutytė of Lithuania.In the 50 metre breaststroke <mask> won the bronze medal at 30.13 seconds. In the 200 metre breaststroke she placed 17th in the prelims heats with a time of 2:26.11 and did not advance to the semifinals. She also placed fifth in the 4 × 100 metre mixed medley relay, splitting a 1:05.46 for the breaststroke leg of the relay. 2016
Between 15 February and 30 March 2016, Yefimova tested positive for meldonium six times in total. She was provisionally suspended from international competition by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) on 14 March. With no research on how long the drug stayed in a person's system, she was not banned or given a suspension. In June 2016, Yefimova returned to competition at the Los Angeles Invitational, winning the 200 metre breaststroke with a time of 2:22.77.2016 Summer Olympics

Yefimova was the silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 100 metre breaststroke and 200 metre breaststroke. She also helped set a new Russian national record as part of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay that placed sixth with a time of 3:55.66 in the finals, splitting the fastest breaststroke leg of all finals relays with a time of 1:04.98. Yefimova's participation in the 2016 Summer Olympics was controversial due to doping within the Russian Olympic team. She was initially banned from participation due to her previous doping suspension, but this ban was overturned by the Court of Arbitration for Sport, allowing her to compete. During the Games, she was booed by spectators during each of her races. Yefimova was also criticized for taking performance-enhancing drugs by other swimmers, including Lilly King, who won the gold medal in the 100 metre breaststroke. Yefimova won the silver, and during the news conference afterwards, she was "on the verge of tears from the opening question about the boos directed at her."After Yefimova won silver in the 100 metre breaststroke, ESPN pushed back directly against her presence at the 2016 Olympic Games, stating "Yulia Efimova shouldn't have been in Rio at all". The treatment of Yefimova was also covered by The Washington Post, which pointed out the asymmetry in how people responded to Yefimova competing at the 2016 Summer Olympics compared to the response when Jessica Hardy of the United States competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. 2017
At the 2017 New South Wales State Open Championships in March, Yefimova won the 200 metre breaststroke event with a time of 2:28.80. She also won the 100 metre breaststroke with a time of 1:06.55. A month later, she won the 50 metre breaststroke at the 2017 Russian Championships with a time of 29.88 seconds. 2017 World Aquatics Championships

In July, at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary, Yefimova won the bronze medal in the 100 metre breaststroke in 1:05.05, finishing 0.92 seconds after the gold medalist, Lilly King, and 0.02 seconds after the silver medalist, Katie Meili. Three days later, she won the 200 metre breaststroke in 2:19.64, which was over two seconds faster than the next fastest swimmer and silver medalist in the event, Bethany Galat, and gave her the fifth World Championships title of her career.In the 4 × 100 metre medley relay, Yefimova won a silver medal and set a new European record and a new national record with her relay teammates in a time of 3:53.58; she split the fastest breaststroke leg out of all finals relays by over four tenths of a second with a time of 1:04.03. For the 50 metre breaststroke Yefimova won the silver medal in a time of 29.57 seconds, which was less than two tenths of a second slower than gold medalist Lilly King and over four tenths of a second faster than bronze medalist Katie Meili. In the 200 metre individual medley, Yefimova placed 14th in the semifinals with a time of 2:12.88 and did not qualify for the final. 2018 European Aquatics Championships
In August 2018, at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships, held at Tollcross International Swimming Centre in Glasgow, Scotland, Yefimova won the gold medal in the 100 metre breaststroke with a championships record time of 1:05.53 in the final, breaking her own championships record she set in the semifinals at 1:05.87. In the 4 × 100 metre mixed medley relay, Yefimova split a 1:05.07 for the breaststroke leg of the relay, helping achieve a time of 3:42.71 with Kliment Kolesnikov, Svetlana Chimrova, and Vladimir Morozov to win the silver medal and set a new Russian record. Yefimova ranked fourteenth in the prelims heats of the 200 metre individual medley, qualified for the semifinals, and withdrew from competition, forgoing competing in the semifinals. She won the gold medal in the 200 metre breaststroke with a time of 2:21.31.In the 50 metre breaststroke, <mask> won the gold medal after setting a championships record of 29.66 seconds in the semifinals. For the breaststroke leg of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay, Yefimova split a 1:03.95, helping win the gold medal and set a new championships record at 3:54.22. <mask> was one of three swimmers to win four gold medals at the 2018 European Aquatics Championships along with Adam Peaty of Great Britain and Sarah Sjöström of Sweden. 2019 World Aquatics Championships

At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea in July, <mask> won the silver medal in the 100 metre breaststroke, finishing less than six-tenths of a second behind Lilly King of the United States with a time of 1:05.49. In the 200 metre breaststroke, Yefimova won the gold medal and became the first woman to win the 200 metre breaststroke world title at a World Aquatics Championships three times, finishing over two seconds ahead of Tatjana Schoenmaker of South Africa with a time of 2:20.17. <mask> won the bronze medal in the 50 metre breaststroke, finishing third behind gold medalist Lilly King and silver medalist Benedetta Pilato of Italy in 30.15 seconds. 2020 European Aquatics Championships
On 19 May 2021, Yefimova placed fourth in the 100 metre breaststroke at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships held at Danube Arena in Budapest, Hungary.The next day, Yefimova placed fourth as part of the 4 × 100 metre mixed medley relay, swimming the breaststroke leg of the relay and helping to finish in a time of 3:43.60. In the 200 metre breaststroke final on 21 May 2021, Yefimova won the bronze medal with a time of 2:22.16. She won a bronze medal in the 50 metre breaststroke as well, finishing with a 30.22 after gold medalist Benedetta Pilato and silver medalist Ida Hulkko of Finland. In the 4 × 100 metre medley relay, Yefimova won a silver medal, splitting a 1:05.77 for the breaststroke leg of the relay. 2020 Summer Olympics

At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, held in the summer of 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Yefimova competed in two events. She placed fifth in the final of the 100 metre breaststroke. Her team was seventh in the prelims heats of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay and then placed seventh in the finals relay, as well.2021 Swimming World Cup

Stop 3: Doha

Yefimova competed in the third stop of the short course 2021 FINA Swimming World Cup in Doha, Qatar. She joined the competition at the Doha stop, the third of four stops in the year's World Cup circuit, after deciding not to compete at the first two stops. Yefimova entered to compete in all breaststroke events available to female swimmers at the Doha stop, which were the 50 metre breaststroke, 100 metre breaststroke, and 200 metre breaststroke races. On the first day of competition, Yefomiva won the gold medal in the final of the 200 metre breaststroke, finishing over one second ahead of the next fastest swimmer with her time of 2:22.19. The next day she backed up her gold medal performance with another, this time winning the gold medal in the 100 metre breaststroke in a time of 1:06.08. In her final race of the Doha World Cup stop on day three, Yefimova won her third gold medal, swimming a time of 30.11 seconds in the final of the 50 metre breaststroke to win the event. Stop 4: Kazan

For the fourth and final stop of the World Cup circuit, and Yefimova's second stop, FINA noted her as someone to follow in the breaststroke events before the start of competition on 28 October at the Palace of Water Sports in Kazan.In the morning of day one of competition, Yefimova ranked third across all prelims heats in the 200 metre breaststroke with her time of 2:25.54 and qualified for the final in the evening. She finished second in the final with a time of 2:20.49, winning the silver medal in the event. The following morning, on 29 October, Yefimova advanced to the final ranked second for the 100 metre breaststroke from the prelims heats where she swam a 1:06.24. She dropped almost two seconds off her time from the prelims heats to win the gold medal in the final of the 100 metre breaststroke with a time of 1:04.56 that was one-hundredth of a second faster than the second-place finisher. On the last day of World Cup competition, Yefimova ranked first in the prelims heats of the 50 metre breaststroke with a time of 30.21, two-hundredths of a second ahead of the next-fastest competitor. In the final of the 50 metre breaststroke, she won the silver medal with a time of 29.65 seconds, one-hundredth of a second behind the gold medal winner in the event. When points were summed across all four World Cup stops, Yefimova ranked tenth in terms of overall score for female competitors, second for female competitors from a country that hosted at least one World Cup stop, and first for female Russian competitors.Her total of six medals, four gold medals and two silver medals, ranked her eighth in total medals won by a female competitor.

masks:
Yuliya Andreyevna Yefimo
Yefimova
Yefimova
Yefimova
Yefimova
Yefimova


title: Elliot Morley

texts:
<mask> (born 6 July 1952) is a British former Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament for Glanford and Scunthorpe from 1987 to 1997 and then Scunthorpe from 1997 to 2010. In 2009, he was accused by The Daily Telegraph of continuing to claim parliamentary expenses for a mortgage that had already been repaid. <mask> was prosecuted and on 7 April 2011 pleaded guilty in Southwark Crown Court to two counts of false accounting, involving over £30,000. On 20 May 2011, he was sentenced to 16 months' imprisonment. He was released from prison on 20 September 2011 having served a quarter of his sentence. Early life
He attended St Margaret's C of E High School on Aigburth Road in Aigburth in south Liverpool and received a BEd from Hull College of Education. He was head of Special Needs at Greatfield High School in Hull.Political career

Before entering Parliament, <mask> was a Labour member of Hull City Council representing Drypool Ward from 1979 to 1986. He stood unsuccessfully for Beverley in 1983. He served as Fisheries Minister from 1997 to 2003, and then as Environment Minister in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, but left government in the May 2006 reshuffle. During his time in government, <mask> pushed for a series of environmental causes. In 2004, he sought to strengthen the United Kingdom's efforts to purchase legally harvested lumber and aided the launch of a programme to manage flooding and coastal erosion called 'WaveNet'. In 2005 <mask> assisted in the establishment of a Governmental Decontamination Service, to provide decontamination and cleansing assistance after chemical, radiological, biological, or nuclear incidents and major accidental releases of harmful materials. On 19 December 2006 he was appointed to the Privy Council.This was revoked on 14 June 2011. He was Chairman of the Energy and Climate Change Select Committee, leaving this post when his expenses claims came under investigation. In 2007 <mask> voted to support the Freedom of Information (Amendment) Bill, which would have given Parliament a blanket exemption from the Freedom of Information Act and thereby prevent the release of any information on expenses claims by Members of Parliament. However the Bill was defeated. Expenses claims

As part of its disclosure of expenses of British Members of Parliament, The Daily Telegraph alleged on 14 May 2009 that <mask> claimed £800 a month in respect of a property in Winterton, near Scunthorpe, for 18 months after the mortgage ended, and received an overpayment of £16,800 in total. The Telegraph also alleged <mask> let a London flat designated as his main residence to another Labour MP, Ian Cawsey, a close friend and former special adviser. Cawsey named the property as his second home, allowing him to claim £1,000 a month to cover the rent which he was charged by <mask>.In November 2007, the newspaper claims <mask> 'flipped' his designated second home from his Scunthorpe property to his London flat, and for four months the two men claimed expenses on the same property. <mask> told BBC News that he had repaid the money two weeks before The Telegraph story breaking upon realising he had mistakenly continued claiming for his mortgage payments after the mortgage had been paid off in 2006. On 14 May 2009 he was suspended from holding office in the Parliamentary Labour Party because of this scandal. <mask> referred himself to John Lyon, Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, in an effort to clear his name. It was reported that this inquiry was put on hold pending a police investigation. On 29 May 2009 he announced that he would not stand for re-election, but refused to resign immediately. Prosecution
On 5 February 2010, it was reported that <mask> would face criminal charges over his expenses, and the Labour whip was subsequently suspended.On 27 May 2010 <mask>, David Chaytor, Jim Devine, and Lord Hanningfield (Paul White) appeared at Southwark Crown Court for a preliminary hearing. They faced charges of false accounting under the Theft Act. <mask> eventually pleaded guilty in the Crown Court at Southwark on 7 April 2011 before Mr Justice Saunders, who had presided over the other prosecutions in the Parliamentary expenses scandal. On 20 May 2011, <mask> was sentenced to 16 months imprisonment on two counts of false accounting. He served four months in prison – a quarter of the sentence –  and was then released under the home detention curfew scheme. On 8 June 2011, he was expelled from the Privy Council. It was the first expulsion since Edgar Speyer in 1921.<mask> was previously a Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Civil Engineers for services to flood and coastal defence. He was expelled from the Institution of Civil Engineers on 4 July 2011, when the Institution's Professional Conduct Panel ruled that due to his breaching of "Rule 1 of the Rules of Professional Conduct, which require all members to uphold the dignity, standing and reputation of the Institution" by "committing offences of False Accounting in connection with his responsibilities as a Member of Parliament" he should be expelled from the Institution. Personal life
<mask> married Patricia Hunt in 1975 in Hull. They have two children: a daughter (born 1980) and a son (born August 1984). He is Honorary Vice President of the Association of Drainage Authorities and Wildlife and Countryside Link. He has an Honorary Fellowship from the University of Lincoln for services to nature conservation. He is a former President of Hull Teachers Association.

masks:
Elliot Anthony Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley
Morley


title: Nicholas Gruner

texts:
<mask> (May 4, 1942April 29, 2015) was a Roman Catholic priest and a promoter of the message of Our Lady of Fátima, a recognized apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Fátima, Portugal, in 1917. Father Gruner's interpretation of that message at times proved somewhat controversial, even among other groups of Traditionalist Catholics. Biography
The fifth of seven children, <mask> was born in Montreal, Quebec, to Malcolm and Jessie (née Mullally) <mask>. He graduated from McGill University and obtained a post-graduate degree in theology from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome. He was ordained at Avellino, Italy on August 22, 1976 by Bishop Pasquale Venezia. In 1978, he launched a periodical, the Fatima Crusader, dedicated to Our Lady of Fatima, which was at first a journal dedicated to praying the rosary. In the early 1980s the Fatima Crusader began to focus more on Gruner's  interpretation of the message of Our Lady of Fatima, particularly regarding the consecration of Russia.Gruner started a radio and television ministry for his viewpoint. By the early 1990s Gruner's media advocacy had resulted in increased membership with claims of four hundred thousand members. Going forward the Crusader continued to argue for the consecration of Russia and maintained that such action was increasingly urgent. In his later years Gruner aligned himself with Catholic traditionalists who maintain that the documents of Vatican II are pastoral, had resulted in failure and should be reversed. Gruner died on the night of April 29, 2015, of a sudden heart attack while working in his Fatima Center office in Fort Erie, Ontario. The Fatima Crusader
Gruner and his magazine, Fatima Crusader, took a critical stance toward the compliance of the popes with the message of Fatima, specifically the request for the consecration of Russia. Throughout the 1980s, the Fatima Crusader made repeated allegations that the Vatican had been infiltrated and subverted, and that the Soviet Union was engaging in deliberate deception when it depicted Mikhail Gorbachev and perestroika as initiators of internal Communist reform after the Soviet–Afghan War in the 1980s.In 1988, Gruner urged a letter-writing campaign against arms control talks. When the Soviet Union finally disintegrated in 1991, Fatima groups such as the Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima and Fatima Family Apostolate rejoiced, regarding this as evidence of the efficacy of the dedication of the world to the Immaculate Heart of Mary that John Paul II had conducted nine years earlier. Gruner and the Fatima Crusader discounted it based on the lack of any spiritual conversion in Russia. Colin Donovan, STL criticized the Fatima Crusader, saying, "This magazine also attacks anyone who disagrees with Fr. Gruner's opinions on Fatima, showing contempt for all other Fatima apostles. This includes holy priests like Fr. Robert J.Fox, whose Fatima Family Apostolate has propagated the Fatima message to far greater audiences than Fr. Gruner could ever hope to do". Despite subsequent statements by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and by the remaining visionary Sister Lúcia, who is said to have denied Gruner's interpretation that a further consecration of Russia was needed, Gruner's criticisms continued. The Fatima Crusader has suggested that Sister Lúcia was kept from speaking the truth about the message of Fatima. Writer and commentator Carlos Evaristo held Gruner as an example of, in the words of John L. Allen, "an exegetical free-for-all that's long percolated in the Fatima underground", saying, "What happened with the Fatima message is that Sister Lúcia related it but never interpreted it. That left space for all sorts of strange theories." The Southern Poverty Law Center, a non-profit civil rights organization, listed Gruner's Fatima Crusader as a periodical which has published anti-Semitic articles.The Anti-Defamation League identified Gruner as a Holocaust denier who promoted conspiracy theories about the Jews plotting to overthrow Christian civilization, and the Fatima Center as a radical Catholic organization that espoused anti-Semitic views. Suspension
In 1989 Gruner was ordered by Bishop Gerardo Pierro, his ecclesiastical superior, to return to Avellino, Italy, the diocese of his incardination. When he did not respond, Cardinal Innocenti, Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, wrote to warn him that failure to return would result in his suspension . He did not undertake the action required of him. In 1994, the new Bishop of Avellino issued a decree declaring Gruner a  ("wandering") priest. In 1996 Gruner was suspended from his priestly functions. He appealed the suspension, but was unsuccessful.In September 2001, the Congregation for the Clergy stated that Gruner's suspension was "confirmed by a definitive sentence of the supreme tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura." According to the priest himself, he had never been suspended at all. Gruner was subsequently incardinated in the Archdiocese of Hyderabad, but remained suspended.<ref name=Wilkinson>[http://thetablet.org/parish-alert-on-bayside-apparition-event/ Wilkinson, Ed. "Parish Alert on Bayside ‘Apparition’ Event", The Tablet", Diocese of Brooklyn, June 11, 2014]</ref> The Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto and the Diocese of London, Ontario, warned parishioners not to support Gruner's organization. On October 23, 2012 <mask>, along with attorney Christopher Ferrara, appeared at the headquarters of the European Union in Strasbourg, France to speak in support of a motion for a declaration by the EU Parliament calling upon Pope Benedict XVI to carry out the Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. <mask> and Ferrara were invited to speak at a press conference by the sponsors of the motion, MEPs Mario Borghezio and Lorenzo Fontana. Gruner was scheduled to appear at a June 22, 2014 event to mark the 44th anniversary of the alleged apparitions at Bayside, Queens.This event was to benefit St. Michael’s World Apostolate. In response, the Brooklyn Diocese’s Chancellor, Msgr. Anthony Hernandez, sent a communiqué to all pastors warning about a suspended priest who encourages these devotions and was planning an appearance in Queens: "Given that Father Gruner remains suspended, and, given that the alleged Bayside apparitions have been rejected by the legitimate ecclesiastical authorities, the faithful are strongly discouraged from participating in any events connected to <mask> or St. Michael's World Apostolate." Gruner's opinions regarding the Consecration of Russia, the Prophecy and the Third Secret were publicly contradicted by Fatima Seer Sister Lúcia who rebuked him for misrepresenting her during two genuine video-taped interviews held in 1992 and 1993. These were televised with her written permission on all 3 Portuguese Television Stations (RTP 1, SIC and TVI) during major news broadcasts in 1998, This public disclosure she claimed she had permitted for the purpose of public Clarification given the widely disseminated misinformation of Gruner and various other Fatima Conspiracy Theorists  The video taped interview of 1993 was subsequently distributed in a 3-DVD set produced by Videos RTP entitled . As related in a televised documentary production that aired in Portugal in 2017, several victims of slander and defamation sued Gruner and his cohorts in the Portuguese courts in 2001. The defendants who refused to appear in court were subsequently tried in absentia and found guilty in 2005, of misrepresentation of the Fatima Seer's true opinions and therefore having attacked and defamed various persons who truthfully had disclosed her views.References

Bibliography
<mask> and Loreto Echevarria: Under the Heel of Mary: London: Routledge: 1988:
Sandra Zimdars-Swartz: Encountering Mary'': Princeton: Princeton University Press: 1991:
Francis Alban, Christopher A. Ferrara & Malachi Martin: "Fatima Priest": Pound Ridge: Good Counsel Publications: 1997:

External links
 Biography of Father <mask>er in Fatima.org

1942 births
2015 deaths
Traditionalist Catholic priests
20th-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests
Canadian traditionalist Catholics
Clergy from Montreal
Conservatism in Canada
Right-wing politics in Canada
Writers from Montreal
Our Lady of Fátima
Traditionalist Catholic writers
Antisemitism in Canada
Canadian anti-communists
Anti-anarchism
Anti-Masonry
Catholicism-related controversies
Male critics of feminism
21st-century Canadian Roman Catholic priests

masks:
Nicholas Nightingale Gruner
Father Gruner
Gruner
Gruner
Gruner
Father Gruner
Nicholas Perry
Nicholas Grun


title: David James (footballer, born 1970)

texts:
<mask> MBE (born 1 August 1970) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His most recent position was manager at Kerala Blasters FC in the Indian Super League in 2018. He is also a pundit on BT Sport's football coverage. <mask> is fifth on the list of all-time Premier League appearances, having played in 572 top-level matches, and held the Premier League record for most clean sheets with 169 until Petr Čech surpassed this record. He was capped 53 times by England between 1997 and 2010, and was first choice goalkeeper during the team's Euro 2004 and the 2010 World Cup campaigns. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to football and charity. Having started his career with Watford, <mask> went on to feature in the Premier League for Liverpool, Aston Villa, West Ham United, Manchester City and Portsmouth.He gained a Football League Cup winner's medal with Liverpool in 1995, an FA Cup winner's medal with Portsmouth in 2008, as well as runners-up medals with Aston Villa in 2000, Liverpool in 1996 and Portsmouth in 2010. In 2010, at the age of 39, he became the oldest goalkeeper to appear in an FA Cup Final. <mask> dropped down a division in 2010 to play for Bristol City and later played for League One side AFC Bournemouth. He joined Icelandic side ÍBV Vestmannaeyjar in 2013 in a joint playing and coaching capacity, before officially retiring. In October 2013, <mask> took up a coaching position at Luton Town, the club he has supported since his childhood. The following year, he became the marquee player and manager of the newly formed Kerala Blasters. He returned to the club in 2018, being dismissed in December following an 11-match winless run.Club career

Watford
Born in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, <mask> grew up supporting Luton Town. He signed as a trainee with Luton's local rivals Watford upon leaving school, and was first selected for the club's senior team in 1989. In his days as a youth player, he helped Watford win the FA Youth Cup. Following the departure of Tony Coton, <mask> made his league debut on 25 August 1990 in a 1–2 defeat against Millwall, and his performance resulted in an England U21 call-up for a match against the Republic of Ireland. He earned a total of ten caps for the U21s. At club level, <mask> made 89 first-team appearances for Watford, and was named the club's Player of the Season for the 1990–91 season, when he kept goal in all 46 Second Division games as Watford escaped relegation. He was signed for £1.25m by Liverpool on 6 July 1992.In 2008, <mask> was inducted into the Watford Hall of Fame for his services to the club. Liverpool
<mask> made his Liverpool debut on 16 August 1992 in a 0–1 league defeat to Nottingham Forest. After conceding twenty goals in eleven matches in the first half of the 1993–94, he was dropped in favour of veteran Bruce Grobbelaar, but was recalled to the starting line-up and kept his first clean sheet of the season in a 1–0 away win over Arsenal on 31 January 1993, which included a penalty save from Paul Merson. He also received a runners-up medal in 1996 in the FA Cup while being on the losing side against Manchester United. <mask> rose to fame together with Liverpool teammates Steve McManaman, Jamie Redknapp, and Robbie Fowler, who were nicknamed the "Spice Boys" – an epithet named after the Spice Girls that was used by those who alleged the Liverpool team of the 1990s were more focused on partying than winning games. <mask>' frequent blunders earned him the nickname Calamity <mask>. He put down his spate of errors to an overindulgence in playing computer games that in turn affected his concentration.Despite winning the 1995 Football League Cup, <mask>' hold on the starting position was put in jeopardy with the acquisition of Brad Friedel. On 23 June 1999, after 277 games for Liverpool, he was sold to Aston Villa for £1.8 million. Aston Villa
<mask> made his Villa debut on 7 August 1999, and kept a clean sheet in a 1–0 away win over Newcastle United in the opening Premier League game. He was decisive in a penalty shoot-out against Bolton Wanderers in the 2000 FA Cup semi-final, but was at fault for Chelsea's winning goal in the ensuing final, the last to be staged at the old Wembley. After just two years and 85 appearances, <mask> moved to West Ham United for £3.5 million on 11 July 2001, signing a four-year contract. However, a serious knee injury sustained while on international duty kept him out for several months. West Ham United
<mask> made his debut for West Ham on 24 November 2001 in a 1–0 home loss to Tottenham Hotspur.In 2002–03, West Ham were relegated to the First Division. <mask> stayed with West Ham at the start of the 2003–04 season before returning to the Premier League, signing for Manchester City on 14 January 2004 for an undisclosed fee as a replacement for the retired <mask>. He played 102 total games in all competitions for West Ham. Manchester City

<mask> made his Manchester City debut on 17 January 2004 in a 1–1 home draw with Blackburn Rovers. City won only four of the seventeen matches that <mask> started, two of which came after <mask> saved penalties against Wolverhampton Wanderers and Leicester City. <mask> said that exploring the field of sport psychology improved his skills as a goalkeeper, particularly saving penalty kicks. On the last day of the 2004–05 season, <mask> was playing for City who needed to beat Middlesbrough to qualify for the UEFA Cup at the opposition's expense.With five minutes remaining the score was 1–1, when City's manager Stuart Pearce replaced midfielder Claudio Reyna with the substitute goalkeeper Nicky Weaver, and <mask> was moved to play in attack for the remainder of the game. The unusual tactic almost worked when, in injury time, Middlesbrough defender Franck Queudrue conceded a penalty by handling a cross that was aimed at <mask>. However, Robbie Fowler's penalty was saved by Middlesbrough goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer and so Middlesbrough not City qualified for the UEFA Cup. On 10 August 2006, <mask>, who had separated from his wife, stated that he needed to leave Manchester City to be closer to his children, who lived in London. Manchester City confirmed they had accepted a bid from Portsmouth. Two days later, he joined Portsmouth for £1.2 million, signing a two-year deal. Portsmouth

<mask> kept clean sheets in his first five appearances for Portsmouth.On 22 April 2007, <mask> kept his 142nd Premier League clean sheet in a goalless draw with Aston Villa, breaking the record of 141 previously held by <mask>. At the end of 2006–07, <mask> was named Portsmouth's player of the season. <mask> has made the most league appearances of any goalkeeper since the formation of the Premier League over fifteen seasons, in addition to conceding the most goals. On 30 January 2008, in a league match against Manchester United, he became the third player (after Gary Speed and Ryan Giggs) to cross the 500-match threshold. <mask> signed a one-year contract extension in May 2007, which kept him at Fratton Park until the end of the 2008–09 season. <mask> won the second major trophy of his career during that season, as Portsmouth claimed a 1–0 victory over Cardiff City at Wembley Stadium in the 2008 FA Cup Final. On 8 November 2008, he made his 100th appearance for Portsmouth.He holds the distinction of twice having been the record holder for consecutive Premier League appearances, with 159 during his Liverpool days from February 1994 to February 1998, and 166 between Manchester City and Portsmouth from 2006 to 2008; both streaks were eventually topped by Chelsea's Frank Lampard and Tottenham Hotspur's Brad Friedel, respectively. <mask> had the significant distinction of being named as the Goalkeeper in the PFA Premier League Team of the Year in 2008, one of only 2 players outside the "Big 4" clubs to be named. On 14 February 2009 against Manchester City, <mask> made his 536th Premier League appearance, breaking Gary Speed's all-time record. On 22 April 2009, Times Online named <mask> as the 15th greatest player in Portsmouth's history. <mask> captained Portsmouth in the FA Cup semi-final against Tottenham Hotspur where Portsmouth won 2–0 in extra time, describing the experience as "superb". He also captained the team in the final as Portsmouth were beaten 1–0 by double winners Chelsea. His contract expired at the end of the 2009–10 season, and he expressed interest in succeeding Avram Grant as Portsmouth manager, though this came to nothing.The club offered him a new playing contract, but withdrew the offer after he failed to commit to the club; therefore, <mask> left Portsmouth and became a free agent. Bristol City

<mask> signed a one-year contract with Championship side Bristol City on 30 July 2010, with the option of a second year. He stated that he hoped that his performances at the club would keep him on the radar for the England team and that his decision to join them was motivated by a desire to be closer to his family home in Devon. <mask>' league debut for Bristol City came on 7 August 2010 in a 3–0 defeat to Millwall. On 11 February 2011, the eve of his 850th club appearance, <mask> announced he had signed a contract extension with the club until June 2012. On 10 March 2012, <mask> reached 900 club appearances in a game against Cardiff City in the Severnside derby, in which he was made captain as a mark of respect. He was released by Bristol City on 1 May 2012, and in July 2012 began training with Exeter City.AFC Bournemouth
On 27 September 2012, he arrived at Dean Court to train with AFC Bournemouth, signing a one-year deal to play for them the following day. However, he did not see out the contract, leaving the club by mutual consent in March 2013 after making 19 appearances. ÍBV Vestmannaeyjar
On 2 April 2013, <mask> signed a contract with Icelandic club ÍBV until the end of the 2013 season in a joint player/coach capacity. He linked up with former Portsmouth teammate Hermann Hreiðarsson, the manager of ÍBV. The ÍBV chairman stated that <mask> was not being paid high wages, and that he was primarily playing out of kindness and to gain coaching experience. His arrival at ÍBV saw much higher attendances than in previous years. ÍBV ended the season in sixth position, and <mask> announced his retirement from playing.Kerala Blasters and retirement
He was signed by Kerala Blasters FC, owned by Sachin Tendulkar, for the 2014 Indian Super League season as a player-manager. He said "I hope my involvement with ISL will be the start of something great." The team's first fixture on 13 October, in which <mask> played, resulted in a 1–0 defeat at NorthEast United. His team eventually became the runners up in the inaugural ISL tournament by losing to Atletico de Kolkata 1–0 in the finals. <mask> retired at the end of the season. International career
After making one England under-21 appearance whilst at Watford, <mask> made his full debut for Glenn Hoddle's England in a friendly against Mexico on 29 March 1997 when he was a Liverpool player. He kept his first international clean sheet as England beat Mexico 2–0 with goals from Teddy Sheringham and <mask>' Liverpool teammate Robbie Fowler.He was in the provisional 28-man squad for Euro 2000 before missing the final cut. <mask> is the only black goalkeeper to represent England as a full international. <mask> was selected by Sven-Göran Eriksson for his 23-man squad for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He was third choice behind <mask> and Nigel Martyn, as the veteran Arsenal goalkeeper played in all five of England's games. For

masks:
David Benjamin James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
David Seaman
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
David Seaman
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
James
David Seaman