title: Dale Earnhardt

texts:
 with Steve Park's victory in the race at Rockingham just one week after <mask>'s death. <mask> Jr. and Waltrip finished first and second in the series' return to Daytona in July for the Pepsi 400, a reverse of the finish in the Daytona 500. <mask> Jr. also won the fall races at Dover (first post 9/11 race) and Talladega and came to an eighth-place points finish. <mask>'s remains were interred at his estate in Mooresville, North Carolina after a private funeral service on February 21, 2001. No. 3 car

<mask> drove the No. 3 car for the majority of his career, spanning the latter half of the 1981 season, and then again from 1984 until his death in 2001.Although he had other sponsors during his career, his No. 3 is associated in fans' minds with his last sponsor GM Goodwrench and his last color scheme — a predominantly black car with bold red and silver trim. The black and red No. 3 continues to be one of the most famous logos in North American motor racing. A common misconception was that Richard Childress Racing "owned the rights" to the No. 3 in NASCAR competition (fueled by the fact that Kevin Harvick's car had a little No. 3 as an homage to <mask> from 2001 to 2013 and the usage of the No.3 on the Camping World Truck Series truck of Ty Dillon when he ran in that series), but in fact NASCAR, and no specific team, owns the rights to this or any other number. According to established NASCAR procedures, Richard Childress Racing had priority over other teams if they chose to reuse the number, which they did when Austin Dillon was promoted to the Cup series in 2014. While Richard Childress Racing owns the stylized No. 3 logos used during Earnhardt's lifetime (and used presently with Dillon), those rights would hypothetically not prevent a future racing team from using a different No. 3 design (also, a new No. 3 team would most likely, in any case, need to create logos which fit with their sponsor's logos). In 2004, ESPN released a made-for-TV movie entitled 3: The Dale Earnhardt Story, which used a new (but similarly colored) No.3 logo. The movie was a sympathetic portrayal of <mask>'s life, but the producers were sued for using the No. 3 logo. In December 2006, the ESPN lawsuit was settled, but details were not released to the public. <mask> Jr. made two special appearances in 2002 in a No. 3 Busch Series car: these appearances were at the track where his father died (Daytona) and the track where he made his first Winston Cup start (Charlotte). <mask> Jr. won the first of those two races, which was the season-opening event at Daytona.He also raced a No. 3 sponsored by Wrangler on July 2, 2010, for Richard Childress Racing at Daytona. In a green-white-checker finish he outran Joey Logano to win his second race in the No. 3. Otherwise, the No. 3 was missing from the national touring series until September 5, 2009, when Austin Dillon, the 19-year-old grandson of Richard Childress, debuted an RCR-owned No. 3 truck in the Camping World Truck Series.Dillon and his younger brother Ty Dillon drove the No. 3 in various lower level competitions for several years, including the Camping World East Series. In 2012, Austin Dillon began driving in the Nationwide Series full-time, using the No. 3; he had previously used the No. 33 while driving in that series part-time. Richard Childress Racing entered a No. 3 in the Daytona truck race on February 13, 2010, painted identically to when <mask> drove it, but with a sponsorship from Bass Pro Shops.It was driven by Austin Dillon. It was involved in a wreck almost identical to that which took the life of <mask>: being spun out, colliding with another vehicle, and being turned into the outside wall in turn number four. He walked away unscathed. Dillon again returned to a No. 3 marked racecar when he started fifth in the 2012 Daytona Nationwide Series opener in an Advocare sponsored black Chevrolet Impala. On December 11, 2013, RCR announced that Austin Dillon would drive the No. 3 car in the upcoming 2014 Sprint Cup season, bringing the number back to the series for the first time in 13 years.Only the former International Race of Champions actually retired the No. 3, which they did in a rule change effective in 2004. Until the series folded in 2007, anyone wishing to use the No. 3 again had to use No. 03 instead. Formula One driver Daniel Ricciardo chose the number 3 as his permanent racing number when F1's rules changed to allow drivers to choose their own numbers for 2014 and stated on Twitter that part of the reason for his choice was that he was a fan of <mask>ardt Tower", a seating section at Daytona International Speedway was opened and named in his honor a month before his death at the track.<mask> has several roads named after him, including a street in his hometown Kannapolis. <mask> Boulevard (originally Earnhardt Road) is marked as exit 60 off Interstate 85, northeast of Charlotte. <mask> Earnhardt Drive is also the start of The Dale Journey Trail, a self-guided driving tour of landmarks in the lives of <mask> and his family. The North Carolina Department of Transportation switched the designation of a road between Kannapolis and Mooresville near the headquarters of DEI (that used to be called NC 136) with NC 3, which was in Currituck County. In addition, exit 72 off Interstate 35W, one of the entrances to Texas Motor Speedway, is named "<mask> Earnhardt Way". Between the 2004 and 2005 JGTC (renamed Super GT from 2005) season, Hasemi Sport competed in the series with a sole black G'Zox-sponsored Nissan 350Z with the same number and letterset as <mask> on the roof. During the NASCAR weekend races at Talladega Superspeedway on April 29, 2006 – May 1, 2006, the DEI cars competed in identical special black paint schemes on Dale Earnhardt Day, which is held annually on his birthday—April 29.Martin Truex Jr., won the Aaron's 312 in the black car, painted to reflect <mask>'s Intimidating Black No. 3 NASCAR Busch Grand National series car. In the Nextel Cup race on May 1, No. 8 <mask> Jr.; No. 1 Martin Truex Jr.; and No. 15 Paul Menard competed in cars with the same type of paint scheme. On June 18, 2006, at Michigan for the 3M Performance 400, <mask> Jr. ran a special vintage Budweiser car to honor his father and his grandfather <mask>.He finished third after rain caused the race to be cut short. The car was painted to resemble Ralph's 1956 dirt cars, and carried 1956-era Budweiser logos to complete the throwback look. In the summer of 2007, Dale Earnhardt, Inc. (DEI) with the Dale Earnhardt Foundation, announced it will fund an annual undergraduate scholarship at Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina for students interested in motorsports and automotive engineering. Scholarship winners are also eligible to work at DEI in internships. The first winner was William Bostic, a senior at Clemson majoring in mechanical engineering. In 2008, on the 50th anniversary of the first Daytona 500 race, DEI and RCR teamed up to make a special COT sporting Earnhardt's 1998 Daytona 500 paint scheme to honor the tenth anniversary of his Daytona 500 victory. In a tribute to all previous Daytona 500 winners, the winning drivers appeared in a lineup on stage, in chronological order.The throwback No. 3 car stood in the infield, in the approximate position <mask> would have taken in the processional. The throwback car featured the authentic 1998-era design on a current-era car, a concept similar to modern throwback jerseys in other sports. The car was later sold in 1:64 and 1:24 scale models. The Intimidator 305 roller coaster has been open since April 2, 2010, at Kings Dominion in Doswell, Virginia. Named after <mask>, the ride's trains are modeled after his black-and-red Chevrolet. Another Intimidator was built at Carowinds, in Charlotte, North Carolina, which opened on March 27, 2010.The entrance to both roller coasters feature signage that shows <mask>'s legacy along with one of his cars. Atlanta Braves assistant coach Ned Yost was a friend of <mask>, and Richard Childress. When Yost was named Milwaukee Brewers manager, he changed jersey numbers, from No. 5 to No. 3 in <mask>'s honor. (No. 3 is retired by the Braves in honor of outfielder <mask>, so Yost could not make the change while in Atlanta.)When Yost was named Kansas City Royals assistant coach, he wore No. 2 for the 2010 season, even when he was named manager in May 2010, but for the 2011 season, he switched back to No. 3. During the third lap of the 2011 Daytona 500 (a decade since <mask>'s death), the commentators on FOX fell silent while fans raised three fingers in a similar fashion to the tributes throughout 2001. The north entrance to New Avondale City Center in Arizona will bear the name <mask>ardt Drive. Avondale is where <mask> won a Cup race in 1990. His helmet from the 1998 season is at the National Museum of American History in the Smithsonian museum in Washington D.C.

Weedeater, a sludge metal band from North Carolina, paid tribute to <mask> on their 2003 album Sixteen Tons, with the song "No.3". The song is played with audio clips from television broadcasts about <mask> mixed in the background. He is also mentioned in a 2001 song composed by John Hiatt entitled The Tiki Bar Is Open, along with his legendary race number. On February 28, 2016, after winning the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500 at Atlanta Motor Speedway, during his victory lap, driver Jimmie Johnson held his hand out of his window, with three fingers extended in tribute to <mask>. This was following Johnson's 76th Cup Series win, which tied the career mark of <mask>'s. This is also the track where <mask> claimed his sixth Winston Cup Series title. In the week of the 2021 Formula One United States Grand Prix, McLaren driver, Daniel Ricciardo drove the iconic Wrangler car from the 1980s as a tribute to <mask> and his family, as Ricciardo has been a fan of <mask> since he was a child.The opportunity came after winning the Italian Grand Prix that year, and the McLaren Team Owner, Zak Brown promised him that he would give him a chance to drive the iconic car. Awards

 He was awarded the Order of the Long Leaf Pine by North Carolina Governor Jim Hunt in 1994. He was inducted into the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 1994. <mask> was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998. <mask> was posthumously named "NASCAR's Most Popular Driver" in 2001. This was the only time he received the award. He was posthumously inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2002, a year after his death.He was posthumously inducted in the Oceanside Rotary Club Stock Car Racing Hall of Fame at Daytona Beach in 2004. He was posthumously inducted in the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2006. <mask> was named first on ESPN's list of "NASCAR's 20 Greatest Drivers" in 2007 in front of Richard Petty. He was posthumously inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2006. He was posthumously inducted in the Inaugural Class of the NASCAR Hall of Fame on May 23, 2010. In 2020 it was announced that <mask> was voted into the Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame. Pop culture
 Made a cameo in the 1983 movie Stroker Ace along with drivers Kyle Petty, Ricky Rudd, and Tim Richmond.Played himself in the 1998 movie Baseketball. Played himself in a 1998 episode of King of the Hill. Appeared in Brooks & Dunn’s, Honky Tonk Truth music video in 1997. In 2007 Paul Newman narrated a documentary on <mask> entitled <mask>. Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)Winston Cup Series

Daytona 500

Busch Series

Winston West Series

Busch North Series

International Race of Champions
(key) (Bold – Pole position. * – Most laps led.) ARCA Hooters SuperCar Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) 24 Hours of Daytona
(key)

See also

 Dale Earnhardt, Inc.
 <mask>, father
 <mask>, wife
 <mask> Jr., son
 <mask> Miller, daughter
 <mask>, grandson
 <mask>, son
 <mask>, grandson
 Richard Childress Racing
 List of Daytona 500 winners
 List of Daytona 500 pole position winners
 List of NASCAR Sprint Cup Series champions
 List of all-time NASCAR Cup Series winners
 List of members of the NASCAR Hall of Fame

References

External links

24 Hours of Daytona drivers
1951 births
2001 deaths
Accidental deaths in Florida
American people of German descent
American Speed Association drivers
Burials in North Carolina
<mask> Sr
Filmed deaths in sports
International Motorsports Hall of Fame inductees
International Race of Champions drivers
NASCAR Cup Series champions
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR team owners
People from Kannapolis, North Carolina
Racing drivers from North Carolina
Racing drivers killed while racing
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
Sports deaths in Florida
Richard Childress Racing drivers
Dale Earnhardt Inc.

masks:
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
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Dale Earnhardt
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Earnhardtnh
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Ralph Earnhardt
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Ralph Earnhardt
Teresa Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt
Kelly Earnhardt
Jeffrey Earnhardt
Kerry Earnhardt
Bobby Earnhardt
Dale


title: Omoseye Bolaji

type: original

texts:
<mask> is a Nigerian writer who has contributed to the growth of African literature in South Africa, especially in the Free State. <mask> has been editor of South African publications including Free State News, Kopanang magazine, E and E magazine, and CHOICE magazine. Early life
<mask> grew up in England, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone. He took secondary school at Lagelu Grammar School in Ibadan, Nigeria, and later studied at Nigeria's Obafemi Awolowo University. Critical analysis
Analysts of <mask>'s books (in some of the published studies referred to below) point out that he has been heavily influenced by writers such as Sidney Sheldon, Dick Francis and Agatha Christie, who highlight the unexpected in their work. For examples in Impossible Love, an intriguing gentleman suddenly finds himself inadvertently in love with his daughter; in People of the Townships, young man readers have come to empathize with is ultimately exposed as a cold-blooded murderer; and in Tebogo Investigates, a charming, amiable young lady turns out to be a ruthless killer. Studies already published on <mask>'s literary work are: <mask>: His writings/his role as a catalyst for FS Writing.By Pule Lebuso (2001); <mask> <mask>: Perspectives on his literary work. By Flaxman Qoopane (2003); <mask> <mask>: Channelling one's thoughts onto paper. By Charmaine Kolwane (2005); Tebogo on the prowl: a study of <mask> <mask>'s series of books based on private sleuth, Tebogo Mokoena. By Petro Schonfeld (2006). The Triumph (2007) ISBN 978 - 0 - 620 - 38207 - 6 written by Urbain Tila, details the events at the gala night where <mask> <mask> received the Lifetime Achievement Award. Recent studies on his literary work include <mask> Bolaji: Further perspectives (2009) by Julia Mooi, OMOSEYE BOLAJI (2010) by Hector Kunene, and BOLAJI IN HIS POMP (2013) by Pule Lechesa. Awards and honours
<mask>'s awards and honours include: Sports Writer of the Year (2000), courtesy of the Eclectic Writers Club of Bloemfontein; recipient of the Community Publishing Project (CPP) grant (2003) from Cape Town's Centre for the Book; Free State Author of the Year (2003) for his novel, People of the Townships; Certificate for penning enthralling Fiction (2006), courtesy of Phoenix Literary Club, Ladybrand; and the "Lifetime Achievement Award" (2007) from the Free State Department of Sport, Art and Culture.In September 2007, the University of the Free State conferred the Chancellor's Medal on <mask> <mask>, in appreciation of his contributions to grassroots literacy and literature. <mask> has also been conferred with an African Chieftaincy by the Olubadan of Ibadanland in Nigeria, again for his contributions to African literature. In 2009 the Mangaung Local Municipality honoured him "In Recognition of Valuable Contributions to Literature in the Free State". <mask> was presented with another Lifetime Achievement award at the formal Mbali Literary Awards (2012) in Clocolan. <mask> <mask> has also been honoured with the 'Exquisite Calabash' in Ikire, Nigeria (2020). Bibliography

Stand-alone novels
 The Termagant (1988)
 They Never Say When (1994)
 Impossible Love (2000)
 The Ghostly Adversary (2001)
 The Guillotine (2001)
 People of the Townships (2003)

Tebogo Mokoena Mystery series
 Tebogo Investigates (2000)
 Tebogo's spot of bother (2001)
 Tebogo Fails (2003)
 Ask Tebogo (2004)
 Tebogo and the Haka (2008)
 Tebogo and the epithalamion (2009)
 Tebogo and the pantophagist (2010)
 Tebogo and the Bacchae (2012)
  Tebogo and Uriah Heep (2018)

Other works
 Eagles at USA 94 (1994)
 Snippets (1998, poetry)
 The story of Collins Mokhotho (2000)
 Fillets of Plaice (2000)
 Thoughts on Free State Writing (2002)
 Molebogeng Alitta Mokhuoa (2004)
 My Opinion (2005)
 Reverie (2006, poetry)
 The Subtle Transgressor (2006, play)
 Poems from Mauritius (2007, poetry)
 My Life and Literature (2007)
 Miscellaneous Writings (2011)
 It Couldn't Matter Less (2013)
 Kunle Apantaku (2013, essay)
 Windmills of the Dames (2014)
 Far Up! Far Out!Far More! (2014)
 Cognoscenti (2016)
 Sorry You've been Troubled (2017)
  Calamity Angst (2020)
  WILDFLOWER: Intriguing tv series (2021)
 BOOKS BARDS AND BARBS (2022)
 IYA ALAJE (2022)

Further reading
 Bareng Mogorosi, The Growth of Free State Black Writing (a collection of essays on <mask>, Qoopane, Lebuso, and Thaisi), 2002. Published by Bareng Book Enterprises. Mangaung. Free State Writers Talking. (2002). Edited by Molebogeng A Mokhuoa.Published by Qoopane Literary Services. Bloemfontein. Pule Lechesa, Four Free State Authors (2005). Bloemfontein: Eclectic Writers Club. Pule Lechesa (ed. ), <mask> Bolaji...on awards, authors, literature (2007), Ladybrand: Phoenix Press. EMINENT journal (West Africa).August 2008 edition. "Profile of <mask> <mask>, the new Ibadan Chief", p. 18. Flaxman Qoopane, THE CREST (<mask> <mask> honoured in Nigeria) (2008), Bloemfontein: Qoopane Literary Services. Christine Mautjana (ed. ), Interviews with Effervescent Writers (2012), Ladybrand and Lesotho: Mbali Press. See pp. 20–39 for interview with <mask> <mask>.Ishmael Mzwandile Soqaga, OMOSEYE BOLAJI: A Voyage around his literary work (2012), Eselby Jnr Publications. Bloemfontein
 Henry Ozogula, OMOSEYE BOLAJI: Brief Notes on his Literary Work (2017). Published by Eselby Jnr Publications. South Africa. Notes

References
 Free State iconic writer honoured
 Champions for Nigeria
 Chimurenga
 News 23
 Write Essay Today
  Content Writing Service
 Omoseye bolaji and the african detective genre
  http://toastlothane.blogspot.com.ng/2018/03/tebogo-and-uriah-heep-by-omoseye-bolaji.html A review of the book, Tebogo and Uriah Heep
 http://www.ascleiden.nl/news/library-highlight-sorry-youve-been-troubled-omoseye-bolaji  Library 'Book Highlight'. A review of <mask> <mask>'s book, Sorry You've Been Troubled
 https://literaryeverything.com/2019/04/01/an-introduction-to-the-tebogo-mystery-series-by-henry-ozogula-guest-post/ AN INTRODUCTION TO THE TEBOGO MYSTERY SERIES
 https://calaangst.blogspot.com/2019/11/calamity-angst-new-book-by-omoseye.html (On Calamity Angst)
 https://afsleu.blogspot.com/2020/12/laurel-for-omoseye-bolaji.html

South African male novelists
Living people
South African male short story writers
South African short story writers
South African poets
South African dramatists and playwrights
Male dramatists and playwrights
Nigerian male poets
Year of birth missing (living people)
South African male poets
Lagelu Grammar School alumni

masks:
Omoseye Bolaji
Bolaji
Bolaji
Bolaji
Omoseye Bolaji
Omoseye Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Bolaji
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Bolaji
Omoseye
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji
Omoseye
Bolaji


title: Norman Wisdom

texts:
Sir <mask>,  (4 February 1915 – 4 October 2010) was an English actor, comedian, musician and singer best known for a series of comedy films produced between 1953 and 1966 featuring his hapless onscreen character that was often called <mask>. He was awarded the 1953 BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Leading Film Roles following the release of Trouble in Store, his first film in a lead role. <mask> gained celebrity status in lands as far apart as South America, Iran and many Eastern Bloc countries, particularly in Albania where his films were the only ones by Western actors permitted by dictator Enver Hoxha to be shown. Charlie Chaplin once referred to <mask> as his "favourite clown". <mask> later forged a career on Broadway in New York City and as a television actor, winning critical acclaim for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently in 1981. He toured Australia and South Africa. After the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, a hospice was named in his honour.In 1995, he was given the Freedom of the City of London and of Tirana. The same year, he was appointed OBE and was knighted five years later. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in the Marylebone district of London. His parents were Frederick, a chauffeur, and <mask> (née Targett), a dressmaker who often worked for West End theatres, and had made a dress for Queen Mary. The couple married in Marylebone on 15 July 1912. <mask> had an elder brother, Frederick Thomas "Fred" <mask> (13 December 1912 – 1 July 1971). The family lived at 91 Fernhead Road, Maida Vale, London W9, where they slept in one room.He and his brother were brought up in extreme poverty and were frequently hit by their father who would pick them up and throw them across the room. After a period in a children's home in Deal, Kent, <mask> ran away when he was 11 but returned to become an errand boy in a grocer's shop on leaving school at 13. Having been kicked out of his home by his father he become homeless and slept rough in London, in 1929 he walked (by his own account) to Cardiff, Wales, where he became a cabin boy in the Merchant Navy. He later also worked as a waiter and page in hotels where room and board was supplied for the staff. Military service
<mask> first enlisted into the King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), but his mother had him discharged as he was under age. He later re-enlisted as a drummer boy in the 10th Royal Hussars. In 1930, he was posted to Lucknow, in the United Provinces of British India, as a bandsman.He rode horses, became the flyweight boxing champion of the British Army in India and taught himself to play the piano, trumpet, saxophone, flute, drums, bugle and clarinet. At the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask> was sent to work in a communications centre in a command bunker in London, where he connected telephone calls from war leaders to the prime minister. He met Winston Churchill on several occasions when asked for updates on incoming calls. <mask> then joined the Royal Corps of Signals, and performed a similar military function at the unit headquarters in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. Whilst performing a shadow boxing routine in an army gym, <mask> discovered he had a talent for entertainment, and began to develop his skills as a musician and stage entertainer. In 1940 aged 25, at a NAAFI entertainment night, during a dance routine, <mask> stepped down from his position in the orchestra pit, and started shadow boxing. Hearing his colleagues and officers giggling, he broke into a duck waddle, followed by a series of facial expressions.He later described the reaction as: "They were in hysterics. All the officers were falling about laughing." <mask> later said this was where he first patented his persona as "The Successful Failure". Over the next few years, until he was demobilised in 1945, his routine included his characteristic singing and the trip-up-and-stumble. After <mask> appeared at a charity concert at Cheltenham Town Hall on 31 August 1944, actor Rex Harrison came backstage and urged him to become a professional entertainer. Comic entertainer
After being demobilised <mask> worked as a private hire car driver. Having improved his diction in the army, he also took a job as a night telephone operator.<mask> made his debut as a professional entertainer at the age of 31 still calling himself "The Successful Failure". In the anonymity of small suburban music halls he built an act out of his shyness, his ability to fall and his multi-instrumental music skills and singing talent where the theatre band constantly changed key and he could never keep up until pulling out his virtuosity and beating them at their own game. One outstanding review in August 1946 read, "An unusual and most versatile comedian, <mask>, contributes two remarkable turns. He is an accomplished pianist, a pleasing singer, a talented instrumentalist, a clever mimer, and withal, a true humorist.". His rise to the top was relatively fast. A very successful run at the London Casino in April 1948, led to a summer season in "Out of the Blue" in Scarborough. Magician David Nixon was also part of the cast and the two worked together so well that they went on to continue the act on other variety stages starting at the London Casino in September 1948.Christmas 1948 saw him in the pantomime "Robinson Crusoe" at Birmingham's Alexandra Theatre. <mask> had already adopted the costume that would remain his trademark: tweed flat cap askew, with peak turned up; a suit at least two sizes too tight; a crumpled collar and a mangled tie. The character that went with this costume — known as the Gump — was to dominate <mask>'s film career. A West End theatre star within two years, he honed his act into a star turn mainly between theatres in London and Brighton:

<mask> made his TV debut in 1948 and was soon commanding enormous audiences and had a small film role in A Date with a Dream released in the same year. Starring film roles for the Rank Organisation
<mask> made a series of low-budget star-vehicle comedies for the Rank Organisation, beginning with Trouble in Store (1953). This film earned him a BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer to Film in 1954. It was the second most popular film at the British box-office in 1954 and exhibitors voted him the tenth biggest star at the British box office the same year.His films' cheerful, unpretentious appeal make them the direct descendants of those made a generation earlier by George Formby. Never highly thought of by the critics, they were very popular with domestic audiences and <mask>'s films were among Britain's biggest box-office successes of their day. They were also successful in some unlikely overseas markets, helping Rank stay afloat financially when their more expensive film projects were unsuccessful. The films usually involved the Gump character, usually called <mask>, in a manual occupation in which he is barely competent and in a junior position to a straight man, often played by Edward Chapman (as Mr Grimsdale) or Jerry Desmonde. They benefited from <mask>'s capacity for physical slapstick comedy and his skill at creating a sense of the character's helplessness. The series often contained a romantic subplot; the Gump's inevitable awkwardness with women is a characteristic shared with the earlier Formby vehicles. His innocent incompetence still made him endearing to the heroine.<mask>'s second film as star, One Good Turn (1955), was the seventh most popular movie of 1955 in Britain. He made a cameo in As Long as They're Happy (1955), then returned in Man of the Moment (1955). He was the 6th most popular star of 1955. <mask> was a window cleaner in Up in the World (1956) and worked in a jewellery store in Just My Luck (1957). The box office receipts of these last few films had declined from previous <mask> films but The Square Peg (1959), an army comedy, reversed the trend and was one of the year's biggest hits. The film was the 7th most popular movie at the British box office in 1959. Less successful was Follow a Star (1959).There Was a Crooked Man (1960) was an attempt to change <mask>'s image away from Rank Organisation. The Bulldog Breed (1960) was more conventional. The film also starred a young Michael Caine who later recalled he did not enjoy working with <mask> because he "wasn't very nice to support-part actors". <mask> remained the 10th biggest star at the British box office. <mask> was in The Girl on the Boat (1961) from a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, a second film away from the Rank formula. On the Beat (1962) as a car cleaner and A Stitch in Time (1963), in which he was cast as an apprentice butcher, returned him to the regular format. The Early Bird (1965), his first colour film, had <mask> as a milkman.After a cameo in The Sandwich Man (1966), <mask> starred in Press for Time (1966), the last film in this sequence of starring vehicles. <mask> was still voted the 5th most popular star at the British box office. Whilst <mask>'s stage performances often involved musical numbers, he wrote only a few of them. He has seven songs attributed to him in the ASCAP database, which are: "Beware", "Don't Laugh at Me ('cause I'm a Fool)", "Falling in Love", "Follow a Star", "I Love You", "Please Opportunity", and "Up in the World". Later career

In 1966, <mask> spent a short period in the United States to star in the Broadway production of the Jimmy Van Heusen and Sammy Cahn musical comedy Walking Happy based on the play Hobson's Choice by Harold Brighouse. His performance as Will Mosop was nominated for a Tony Award. This led to <mask>'s being cast in his first Hollywood film, The Night They Raided Minsky's (1968) and in the US Television musical of George Bernard Shaw's Androcles and The Lion (1967) with songs by Richard Rogers and co-starring Noël Coward.After a typical performance on The Ed Sullivan Show, further US opportunities were denied him when he had to return to London after his second wife left him. His subsequent career was largely confined to television, and he toured the world with a successful cabaret act. He won critical acclaim in 1981 for his dramatic role of a dying cancer patient in the television play Going Gently. <mask> was one of several actors initially considered for the role of Frank Spencer in Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em. However, he turned the role down and it eventually went to Michael Crawford. The creator of the series Raymond Allen later stated "<mask> was offered the role but turned it down because he didn't find it funny". On 31 December 1976, <mask> performed his theme song "Don't Laugh at Me ('cause I'm a Fool)" on BBC1's A Jubilee of Music, celebrating British pop

masks:
Norman Joseph Wisdom
Norman Pitkin
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Joseph
Wisdom
Maud Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Wisdom


title: Norman Wisdom

texts:
 music for Queen Elizabeth II's impending Silver Jubilee.<mask> had performed in front of the Queen at many Royal Command Performances, the first being in 1952. After touring South Africa, Zimbabwe and Australia with some success, his appearances in Britain became more infrequent. He spent much of the 1980s in seclusion on the Isle of Man. <mask>'s career revived in the 1990s, helped by the young comedian Lee Evans, whose act was often compared to <mask>'s work. The high point of this new popularity was the knighthood he was awarded, for services to entertainment, in the 2000 New Year's honours list. During the ceremony, once he had received his knighthood, he walked away and again performed his trademark trip, at which the Queen smiled and laughed. From 1995 until 2004 he appeared in the recurring role of Billy Ingleton in the long-running BBC comedy Last of the Summer Wine.In 1996, he received a Special Achievement Award from the London Film Critics. <mask> was a guest on a This Is Your Life special in 2000 for actor and director Todd Carty. He appeared as a half-time guest at the England vs Albania 2002 World Cup qualifier at St James' Park, Newcastle upon Tyne, and scored a penalty at the Leazes End. In 2002 <mask> filmed a cameo role as a butler in a low-budget horror film. In 2004, he made an appearance on Coronation Street, playing fitness fanatic pensioner Ernie Crabbe. In 2007 he came out of retirement to take a role in a short film called Expresso. Popularity in Albania
<mask> was a well-known performer in Albania, where he was one of the few Western actors whose films were allowed in the country under Enver Hoxha.According to Hoxha's dialectical materialist viewpoint, proletarian <mask>'s ultimately victorious struggles against capitalism, personified by Mr Grimsdale and the effete aristocratic characters played by Jerry Desmonde, were a Communist parable on the class war. He was known as Mr Pitkin after the character from his films. In 1995, he visited the post-Stalinist country where, to his surprise, he was greeted by many appreciative fans, including the then President, Sali Berisha. During this trip, <mask> was filmed by Newsnight as he visited a children's project funded by ChildHope UK. On a visit in 2001, which coincided with the England football team playing Albania in the city of Tirana, his appearance at the training ground overshadowed that of David Beckham. He appeared on the pitch before the start of the Albania v England match wearing a half-Albanian and half-English football shirt. He was well received by the crowd, especially when he performed one of his trademark trips on his way out to the centre circle.In 1995 <mask> was made an honorary citizen of Tirana. In his book and TV series One Hit Wonderland, Tony Hawks united with <mask> and, along with Tim Rice, released a single, "Big in Albania", in an attempt to enter the Albanian pop charts. It reached number 18 on the Top Albania Radio chart. Retirement

In October 2004, <mask> announced he would retire from the entertainment industry on his 90th birthday (4 February 2005). He announced that he intended to spend more time with his family, playing golf and driving around the Isle of Man, where he was living. In 2007, <mask> returned to acting in a short film directed by Kevin Powis, Expresso. The film, which <mask> later announced (reported BBC/ITV News) was to be officially his last film role, is set during one day in a coffee shop and was funded by the UK Film Council and ScreenWM.Shot in January, it premièred at the Cannes Film Festival on 27 May 2007. It was later adopted by the UK charity Macmillan and released on DVD in aid of the charity. In the film, <mask> plays a vicar plagued by a fly in a café. Producer Nigel Martin Davey gave him only a visual role so that he would not have to remember any lines, but on the day, <mask> was alert and had his performance changed to add more laughs. Personal life
<mask> was married twice. His first wife was Doreen Brett, whom he married in 1941. By 1944 they had separated when Doreen gave birth to a son, Michael (born 1944), fathered by Albert Gerald Hardwick, a telephone engineer.The marriage was dissolved in 1946. He married his second wife, Freda Isobel Simpson, in 1947; they had two children: Nicholas (born 1953, who later played first-class cricket for Sussex) and Jacqueline (born 1954). The couple divorced in 1969, with <mask> granted full custody of the children. Freda <mask> died in Brighton in 1992. Popular in the Isle of Man, he lived for 27 years in a house in Andreas named Ballalough (Manx for "lake farm", also a humorous corruption of the English "belly laugh"). He supported various charities and charitable works, including orphanages in Albania. In 2005, <mask> starred in a video for the Manx girl group Twisted Angels, for their single "LA", in support of the local charity Project 21.During the 1960s, he was involved in a famous legal case (<mask> v Chamberlain, 1968) in which he was pursued by the Inland Revenue for tax on profits made from the sale of silver bullion he had bought when concerned about the further devaluation of sterling. He contended that it was an investment, but the court held that it had been a trading venture and was duly chargeable to income tax. Interests

<mask> was a lifelong supporter and a former board member of football team Brighton & Hove Albion. He also liked Everton and Newcastle United. He enjoyed golf, and was a member of the Grand Order of Water Rats. He was an honorary member of the Winkle Club, a charity in Hastings, East Sussex. A lover of cars, his collection included a 1956 Bentley S1 Continental R Type fastback, which he first bought in 1961, and then again in the late 1980s.In 1969, he purchased, after the divorce from Freda Simpson, a Shelby Cobra 427, CSX3206, in New York, which he kept until 1986, when it was sold to another car enthusiast in Brighton, UK. Until his age and declining mental health meant he failed a Department of Transport fitness-to-drive test, he owned and drove a 1987 Rolls-Royce Silver Spirit and a Jaguar S-Type, which were sold in September 2005. In 1963, he bought a new motor yacht. The  long hull and superstructure were built in Spain for £80,000, before being towed to Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex, for fitting out. After three years of extensive works and sea trials, she was named M/Y Conquest and valued at £1.25 million by insurers. It was available for charter at £6,000 a month but <mask> later sold it, saying that he was "no sailor". Allegations of inappropriate behaviour
Actress Fenella Fielding, who worked with <mask> on his 1959 film Follow a Star, said he was "not a very pleasant man.Always making a pass – hand up your skirt first thing in the morning. Not exactly a lovely way to start a day's filming." Lynda Bellingham, who worked with <mask> on A Little Bit of Wisdom, recalled a comedy sketch where "for ten minutes I stood there while he basically touched me up and you couldn't say anything because he was the master of comedy." Singer Tina Charles, who had a number one with "I Love To Love" in 1976, alleged that <mask> molested her in his dressing room when she was 16. Health decline
In mid-2006, after he suffered an irregular heart rhythm, <mask> was flown by helicopter to hospital in Liverpool and was fitted with a heart pacemaker. <mask> resided in the Abbotswood nursing home in Ballasalla, where he had been resident from 12 July 2007. On the release of Expresso to DVD in the same month, BBC News confirmed that <mask> lived in a care home, because of his suffering from vascular dementia.It was also reported that he had granted his children power of attorney over his affairs and, having sold off his flat in Epsom, Surrey, they were now in the process of selling his Isle of Man home to raise money to fund his longer-term care. On 16 January 2008, BBC2 aired Wonderland: The Secret Life Of <mask> Aged 92 and 3/4. The documentary highlighted the dilemma of coping with an ageing parent. His family said that <mask>'s memory loss had become so severe that he no longer recognised himself in his films. Death
In the six months prior to his death, <mask> suffered a series of strokes, causing a decline in his physical and mental health. He died on 4 October 2010 at Abbotswood nursing home on the Isle of Man at the age of 95. His funeral took place on 22 October 2010 in Douglas, Isle of Man, and all of the island were invited.His trademark cloth cap was placed on the coffin in the church. The funeral was attended by a large number of showbusiness personalities and, at <mask>'s request, Moira Anderson sang "Who Can I Turn To", which was specially arranged for the occasion by Gordon Cree. <mask>'s body was buried at Kirk Bride Churchyard, Bride, Isle of Man. Tributes and other references

In 2007, a <mask>-themed bar opened at the Sefton Hotel, Douglas, called <mask>'s. It has stills from his many films on the walls and TV screens playing some clips of his old films. The bronze statue of <mask>, which used to be on a bench outside Douglas Town Hall, has been moved to the steps leading into the hotel bar on Harris Promenade. <mask> featured on the BBC Radio 4 series Desert Island Discs in August 2000.Of the eight songs he chose, four were performed by <mask> himself (including his favourite, 'Don't Laugh at Me 'Cos I'm a Fool'), while a fifth was a duet with Joyce Grenfell. The 2011 film My Week with Marilyn features impersonator Glenn Michael Ford playing <mask> in a background scene. A Wetherspoon pub in Deal, Kent, where <mask> ran away from the children's home, was named The Sir Norman <mask> in his honour when it opened in March 2013. In 2015 Wisdom of a Fool, a new one-man play based on the life of <mask> opened at The Capitol Theatre, Horsham, in <mask>'s centenary year, on 17 September. A UK tour began at Guildford's Yvonne Arnaud Theatre in 2016 and continues into 2018. 1954 – 10th most popular star (3rd most popular British star)
1955 – 6th most popular star (3rd most popular British star)
1956 – 5th biggest British star
1957 – 9th most popular star (5th most popular British star)
1958 – 7th most popular British star
1959 – 3rd most popular British star
1963 – 10th most popular star
1966 – 5th most popular star

Audio recordings

 I Would Like to Put on Record
 Jingle Jangle
 The Very Best of <mask>
 Androcles and the Lion US Television, Original Cast Recording. Where's Charley?London Cast Recording. Wisdom of a Fool
 Nobody's Fool
 Follow a Star
 1957 Original Chart Hits
 Walking Happy Original Broadway Cast Recording. The Night They Raided Minsky's Motion Picture Soundtrack

masks:
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Sir Norman
Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom
Wisdom
Norman Wisdom


title: J. Peter Sartain

texts:
<mask> (born June 6, 1952), better known as <mask>, is an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the fifth Archbishop of Seattle from 2010 to 2019. He previously served as Bishop of Little Rock (2000–06) and Bishop of Joliet (2006–10). Early life and education
J<mask> was born in Memphis, Tennessee, to <mask> ("Pete") and Catherine (née Poole) <mask>. He is the youngest of five children as well as the only boy. His father served in the U.S. Navy in the Pacific Ocean during World War II. Raised in the Whitehaven neighborhood of Memphis, he received his early education at the parochial school of St. Paul the Apostle Church, and graduated from Bishop Byrne High School in 1970.Sartain studied chemistry at Memphis State University for one year before transferring to St. Meinrad College in Indiana, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1974. Sartain is an alumnus of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas Angelicum in Rome, where he earned a Bachelor of Sacred Theology degree in 1977. Priest
On July 15, 1978, Sartain was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Carroll Dozier at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Memphis. Returning to his studies in Rome, he was in St. Peter's Square when the newly elected Pope <mask> II emerged from the papal conclave of October 1978. He earned a Licentiate of Sacred Theology with specialization in sacramental theology from the Pontifical University of St. Anselmo in 1979. His first assignment, following his return to the Diocese of Memphis, was as associate pastor of Our Lady of Sorrows Church, where he remained for two years. He then served as director of vocations, chancellor, moderator of the curia, vicar for clergy, high school chaplain, and judge with the diocesan marriage tribunal.From 1992 to 2000, he served as pastor of St. Louis Church and vicar general of the diocese. He served as diocesan administrator (1992–93) after Bishop Daniel M. Buechlein was named to head the Archdiocese of Indianapolis. Bishop

Bishop of Little Rock
On January 4, 2000, Sartain was appointed the sixth Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas, by <mask> Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following March 6 from Archbishop Eusebius J. Beltran, with Bishops J. Terry Steib and <mask> McDonald serving as co-consecrators. He was the first priest of the Diocese of Memphis to become a bishop. He selected as his episcopal motto: "Of You My Heart Has Spoken" (). Due to the increasing Hispanic population in Arkansas, Sartain took a course in Spanish in San Antonio, Texas, in 2001, and established Hispanic ministries throughout the state.He also ordained Arkansas's first Mexican-born priest and deacon. He worked to increase vocations; the diocese had ten seminarians and no ordinations in 2000, but fifteen seminarians and two ordinations in 2005. In 2005, he led more than 5,000 Catholics in a bilingual Eucharistic Congress. During his tenure, the Catholic population in Arkansas rose from 90,600 to over 107,000. Bishop of Joliet
On May 16, 2006, Sartain was appointed as bishop of the Diocese of Joliet. He was installed on June 27, 2006, in the Cathedral of St. Raymond Nonnatus

<mask> faced some scrutiny while bishop of Joliet due to his handling of the sexual abuse crisis. During his ordination as archbishop of Seattle, the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests (SNAP) organized a protest against <mask>'s installation.The protest originated from <mask>'s decision as bishop of Joliet to ordain Alejandro Flores in 2009 even though diocesan officials had raised concerns over Flores' viewing of male pornography. Shortly after becoming priest Flores was convicted of sexually abusing a boy and sentenced to four years in prison in 2010. SNAP said that Sartain's decision in ordaining Flores and other individuals showed that Sartain should be entrusted in the role of a bishop, although Sartain claims that he reported priest such as Flores as soon as he heard about the abuse. Archbishop of Seattle
On September 16, 2010, he was appointed Metropolitan Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Seattle, succeeding Archbishop <mask> Brunett. He was installed as Archbishop on December 1, 2010 in St. James Cathedral in Seattle. On November 15, 2011, <mask> was elected Secretary of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB); he began a three-year term in November 2012. His position also made him chairman of the USCCB Committee on Priorities and Plans.In April 2012, Sartain urged parishes in the Seattle archdiocese to collect signatures to place Referendum 74 on the November ballot. The referendum sought to repeal Washington state's newly enacted same-sex marriage statute. "The word 'marriage' isn't simply a label that can be attached to different types of relationships," Sartain wrote. "Instead, 'marriage' reflects a deep reality – the reality of the unique, fruitful, lifelong union that is only possible between a man and a woman. There is nothing else like it, and it can't be defined or made into something that it isn't...Marriage can only be between a man and a woman because of its unique ends, purpose and place in society." On April 18, 2012, the Vatican announced the appointment of Archbishop Sartain to oversee a review of the Leadership Conference of Women Religious, a prominent umbrella group for nuns in the United States. It involved reviewing and changing the group's laws, programs and practices to correct practices that are "incompatible with the Catholic faith."On June 7, 2019, Sartain installed Paul D. Etienne, then Archbishop of Anchorage, as coadjutor archbishop. On August 24, 2019, Sartain issued a decree to demolish Holy Rosary Church in Tacoma, Washington, a building that has been on the City of Tacoma's Register of Tacoma Places since 1975. It had become too dangerous to occupy, and estimates for its repair were at $18 million. Pope Francis accepted his resignation as Archbishop of Seattle on September 3, 2019. The Archdiocese of Seattle, relaying a message from US nuncio Christophe Pierre, said that Coadjutor Archbishop Paul D. Eitenne automatically succeeded Sartain as Archbishop after his resignation was accepted. Sartain is also reported to be in poor health, which resulted in Pope Francis accepting his resignation. References

External links

Catholic Hierarchy: Archbishop <mask> Sartain
Archdiocese of Seattle

Living people
1952 births
People from Memphis, Tennessee
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Roman Catholic archbishops of Seattle
Pontifical North American College alumni
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni
Roman Catholic bishops of Joliet in Illinois
Roman Catholic bishops of Little Rock
Catholics from Tennessee

masks:
James Peter Sartain
Peter Sartain
. Peter Sartain
Joseph Martin
Sartain
John Paul
Pope John
Andrew Joseph
Sartain
Sartain
Sartain
Alexander Joseph
Sartain
James Peter


title: Richard Thomas (actor)

texts:
<mask> (born June 13, 1951) is an American actor. He is best known for his leading role as budding author John-Boy Walton in the CBS drama The Waltons, for which he won an Emmy Award, received a nomination for another and two Golden Globe Awards. He also starred in the miniseries adaption of Stephen King's It and played Special Agent Frank Gaad on FX's spy thriller series The Americans. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Manhattan, the son of Barbara Fallis and <mask><mask>, in 1951. His parents were dancers with the New York City Ballet and owned the New York School of Ballet. <mask> has a nevus on his left cheek. He has stated that this led to his being turned down for a role in a television commercial in his youth.He was a student at Columbia College, the undergraduate college of Columbia University, where he majored in Chinese before switching to the English department. After he landed the role in The Waltons, he left Columbia during his junior year because he had to commit to the role full-time in Los Angeles. Acting career

In 1958, at age seven, <mask> made his Broadway debut in Sunrise at Campobello. In 1959, he appeared in the Hallmark Hall of Fame NBC television presentation of Ibsen's A Doll's House with Julie Harris, Christopher Plummer, and Hume Cronyn. He then began acting in daytime TV. He appeared in soap operas such as The Edge of Night (as Ben Schultz, 1961), A Flame in the Wind, and As the World Turns (as Tom Hughes, 1966–67), which were broadcast from his native Manhattan. In 1970, he was in a leading role in NBC's Bonanza in an episode called "The Weary Willies".<mask> received his first major film roles, appearing in Winning (1969) with Paul Newman, about auto racing, and Last Summer (also 1969) with Bruce Davison and Barbara Hershey, a summer coming-of-age movie. He starred in the Universal Pictures/Hal Wallis Production Red Sky at Morning (1971). <mask> played the lead role of 1971's Cactus in the Snow, an independent film which is hard, if not impossible, to find or buy via VHS, DVD or any other format. It is considered a lost film. <mask> became internationally recognized for his portrayal of John "John-Boy" Walton, Jr., in the 1970s TV series The Waltons, which was based on the life story of writer Earl Hamner, Jr. He appeared in the CBS television film The Homecoming: A Christmas Story (1971), which inspired the commissioning of the otherwise largely recast series, and then played the role continuously in 122 episodes until March 17, 1977. <mask> left the series and his role was taken over by Robert Wightman, but <mask> returned to the role in three Waltons TV movies, 1993–97.(The first was A Walton Thanksgiving Reunion in 1993.) <mask> won an Emmy for Best Actor in a Dramatic Series in 1973. <mask> played against type as murderer and rapist Kenneth Kinsolving in You'll Like My Mother (1972), opposite Patty Duke. He played the lead roles of Private Henry Fleming in the NBC TV movie The Red Badge of Courage (1974), and Paul Baumer in the 1979 Hallmark Hall of Fame TV movie on CBS All Quiet on the Western Front (1979). In other TV films, he played Col. Warner's younger son Jim in Roots: The Next Generations (1979, the sequel to Roots); the title role in the biopic Living Proof: The Hank Williams Jr. Story (1983); Will Mossup in Hobson's Choice (CBS, 1983); Henry Durie in The Master of Ballantrae for Hallmark Hall of Fame; Martin Campbell in Final Jeopardy; and the adult Bill Denbrough in Stephen King's It (1990). In 1980, <mask> made his first Broadway appearance in more than 12 years when he was a replacement in Lanford Wilson's Fifth of July. In 1980, he appeared as Shad, the young farmer entrusted to employ mercenaries to save his planet from Sador and his invading forces, in Battle Beyond the Stars.In 1987, he appeared on stage in Philadelphia and Washington, D.C., in the one-man tour-de-force Citizen Tom Paine, playing Paine "like a star-spangled tiger, ferocious about freedom and ready to savage anyone who stands in his way," in a staging of Howard Fast's play in the bicentennial year of the United States Constitution. In 1990, he joined Nathan Lane at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles for Terrence McNally's  The Lisbon Traviata in the role of Stephan. In 1993, he played the title role in a Shakespeare Theater (Washington, DC) stage production of Richard II. <mask> starred with Maureen O'Hara and Annette O'Toole in the Hallmark Channel movie The Christmas Box in 1995. O'Toole and <mask> had starred in It together five years earlier. <mask> appeared in a quartet of performances at the Hartford Stage in Connecticut: Hamlet (1987), Peer Gynt (1989), Richard III (1994), and Tiny Alice (1996). In 1997 and 1998, he played Joe Greene in two episodes of Touched by an Angel.In 2001, he appeared in London's West End in a theater production of Yasmina Reza's Art with Judd Hirsch; on the New York stage in The Public Theater's production in Central Park of As You Like It (2005); Michael Frayn's Democracy on Broadway (2004) and the Primary Stages' off-Broadway production of Terrence McNally's The Stendhal Syndrome (2004). He hosted the PAX TV series It's a Miracle. He starred in the series Just Cause in 2003 for the PAX TV network. In 2006, <mask> began an American theater tour of Reginald Rose's play Twelve Angry Men, along with George Wendt at the Shubert Theater in New Haven, Connecticut, playing the pivotal role of Juror Eight opposite Wendt's Juror One. In 2009–2010, <mask> was featured on Broadway in Race, a play by David Mamet. The production was directed by Mamet and included James Spader, David Alan Grier, and Kerry Washington. In February and March 2011, he starred at the Off-Broadway New York Public Theater in Timon of Athens.<mask> had a supporting role in the FX Network Cold War drama The Americans, which debuted in January 2013. He played Frank Gaad, an FBI counterintelligence investigator. <mask> appeared in the 2017 Broadway revival of The Little Foxes, and was nominated for a 2017 Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play. In December 2018, <mask> portrayed Ebenezer Scrooge in Pittsburgh CLO's production of A Musical Christmas Carol. In February 2021, <mask> portrayed Bodie Lord in the Amazon series Tell Me Your Secrets, appearing in episode 5. Personal life
<mask> married Alma Gonzales in 1975. In 1976, they had a son, <mask>.Triplet daughters—Pilar, Barbara, and Gwyneth—were born in 1981. <mask> and Gonzales divorced in 1993. <mask> married Santa Fe art dealer Georgiana Bischoff on November 20, 1994, and their son, Montana, was born in 1996. Bischoff has two daughters, Brooke and Kendra, from previous marriages. <mask> and Georgiana currently reside in Manhattan, New York. Two of their children, Montana and Kendra, also reside in New York City. Filmography

Film
Sources: TCM; AllMovie
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable"| Notes
|-
| rowspan=2|1969
| Winning
| Charley
|
|-
| Last Summer
| Peter
|
|-
| rowspan=3|1971
| Red Sky at Morning
| Joshua Arnold
|
|-
| The Todd Killings
| Billy Roy
|
|-
| Cactus in the Snow
| Harley MacIntosh
| Lost film; aka You Can't Have Everything or Soldier story'
|-
| 1972
| You'll Like My Mother
| Kenny
|
|-
| 1974
| Sisters of the Space Age
| Narrator
| Short film
|-
| 1977
| September 30, 1955
| Jimmy J. |
|-
| 1980
| Battle Beyond the Stars| Shad
|
|-
| 1989
| Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder| Charles Ingalls
| Video
|-
| rowspan=3|2000
| The Million Dollar Kid| Ted Hunter
|
|-
| Wonder Boys| Walter Gaskell
|
|-
| Bloodhounds Inc.
| Robert Hunter
| Video
|-
| 2009
| Taking Woodstock
| Reverend Don Darren Pettie
|
|-
| 2015
| Anesthesia| Mr. Werth
|
|-
| 2021
| The Unforgivable| Michael Malcolm
|
|-
|}

Television films
Sources: TCM; AllMovie; TV Guide

Television series

Producer
 What Love Sees (1996) (co-producer)
 Summer of Fear (1996) (co-executive producer)
 For All Time (2000) (co-executive producer)
 Camping with Camus (2000) (producer)

Director
 The Waltons'' (5 episodes)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Image of Robert L. Jacks, Michael Learned, <mask> and Lee Rich with their Emmys for "The Waltons," Los Angeles, California, 1973. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.1951 births
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Living people
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Male actors from New York City
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
McBurney School alumni

masks:
Richard Earl Thomas
Thomas
Richard S
. Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Richard Francisco
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Richard Thomas


title: Harold S. Williams

texts:
<mask> (1898–1987), OBE, was an Australian who spent most of his adult life in Japan. Born in Hawthorn, Victoria, he studied medicine at the University of Melbourne. At his father's urging he also received Japanese language lessons from a Mr Inagaki, who ran a local laundry business. In 1919 <mask> visited Japan on holiday to improve his Japanese, but deferred his return to Australia, as he found an interesting position with a foreign business firm, Findlay Richardson & Co., Ltd.,. From this beginning he went on to pursue a highly successful commercial career in Japan. While on leave in 1935 he visited New Zealand, where he met and married Gertrude Fortune MacDonald, better known as Jean. Together they returned to live in Japan.He died on 15 January 1987, shortly after midnight at his home in Kobe, Japan. Military career
During the Second World War <mask> had a distinguished military career. Jean and their young daughter had returned to Melbourne in December 1940, and with hostilities imminent he followed in August 1941 in a Dutch ship that sailed via Java. He immediately enlisted and served with distinction in Australia, Africa, the Pacific and Burma, attaining the rank of Major. In 1945 he returned to Japan with the Occupation Forces, and was attached to General Douglas MacArthur's headquarters in Tokyo, where his knowledge of the country and its language proved invaluable. In 1949 he resumed his business career, first as Managing Director of A. Cameron and Company, later as Proprietor. Library of foreigners' contributions to Japanese life
During his more than 60 years in the country <mask> built up an extensive library of books, manuscripts, pictures, serials and other materials dealing particularly with foreign settlement in Japan since its opening to the West in the mid-19th century.As he wrote to the National Librarian, Sir <mask>, in 1969: "my purpose has been to gather together as much information as possible bearing upon the contributions made by foreigners to Japanese life and culture, the manner in which they have impinged upon Japanese history, and all matters relating to the Foreign Settlements". Writings
<mask> was also a prolific author of books and articles on Japan. His published monographs include Tales of the Foreign Settlements in Japan (1958), Shades of the Past, or Indiscreet Tales of Japan (1959), and Foreigners in Mikadoland (1963). His wife Jean, an artist, illustrated these titles with appropriate drawings at the ends of chapters. Among his many journal and newspaper articles he contributed a long-running series entitled "Shades of the Past" to the Mainichi Daily News. The first article in this series appeared in 1953 and the final piece was published posthumously on 16 February 1987. In it <mask> explains his commitment to careful documentation of the past: "The need for accurate accounts of the happenings in pre-war Japan and especially of the early foreign settlement days had become evident from the amazingly superficial accounts which were then appearing."One of his 'Shades of the Past' articles concerned the grave of Frank Toovey Lake who was buried on Sanuki Hiroshima in the Seto Inland Sea. <mask> made the trip in 1967 and his extensive notes about the grave and life on the island are part of his archive held at the National Library of Australia. Harold S. <mask> Collection at the National Library of Australia
During the late 1960s <mask> decided that his growing collection should be placed in a library in Australia for safekeeping and to benefit future research. The then Professor of Japanese at the Australian National University, <mask>, who had known <mask> for many years, approached the National Librarian, Sir <mask>. The latter wrote to <mask> in April 1969 expressing his strong desire for the collection to be associated with "the collections the National Library of Australia is developing so rapidly in relation to Japan and indeed to the greater part of Asia". The following month White visited <mask> and <mask> at their home at Shioya, Kobe. In June <mask> wrote that he had decided to present "his library of books, photographs and associated items as a gift" to the National Library of Australia.He also established a trust in perpetuity for the development and maintenance of the collection. <mask> and <mask> maintained close links with the National Library of Australia from then on. In March 1972 Ken Myer visited them in Japan on behalf of the National Library Council. Myer reported back to the Council that <mask> was "a most interesting and dynamic man completely dedicated to his research work on the activities of foreigners in Japan". This work was honoured when in the Queen's Birthday List of June 1972 <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for his services to historical research. In December the same year <mask> and <mask> made their first visit to the National Library. A second visit was made in March 1981.The bulk of the book component of the collection was sent to the National Library of Australia in 1978. Forty-four cartons containing some 2,000 books with a detailed index by <mask> were received. The works on Japan in this consignment were listed by subject on a microfiche catalogue entitled "Japan: Books in the <mask> S. <mask> Collection", issued by the National Library of Australia in 1981. A further 23 cartons containing some books, but consisting mainly of manuscripts, photographs, albums and research files arrived in Canberra in 1982. The books in this second consignment were listed in a printed supplement to the microfiche catalogue. More recently all publications in the collection have been catalogued on the Library's online catalogue, making them readily accessible to scholars and readers across Australia. In line with the donor's wishes all the books in the <mask> S.<mask> Collection have been kept together in the Asian Collections area.The manuscripts, photographs and other items are housed in the Manuscripts Section. A Guide to the Papers of <mask><mask> in the National Library of Australia, compiled by Corinne Collins, was published by the Library in 2000 and is available on request. The maintenance and development of the collection was greatly assisted by <mask>. She donated her own considerable collection of Japanese and Chinese art books, and through her generosity the National Library was able to purchase further publications, in both English and Japanese, about western contact with and settlement in Japan for addition to the <mask>.<mask> Collection. After her husband's death she also published a two-volume collection of their writings, West Meets East: The Foreign Experience of Japan (1992). With her support it has been possible to reproduce on colour microfiche the 35 albums of pictures from the collection. <mask> referred to these albums as "my superb collection of photographs (all unusual, many rare) of things Japanese".They range in subject matter from the killing of two British officers, about which <mask> wrote with Hiroshi Naito in The Kamakura Murders of 1864 (1971), to more peaceful scenes of the foreign communities in Kobe, Nagasaki and Yokohama. In 1989 <mask> was interviewed on tape as part of the National Library's extensive oral history program for recording the lives of prominent Australians. In her later years she lived in Queensland, where she died in 1999. References

"Westerners in Japan : the <mask><mask> collection" https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/harold-s-williams-collection Accessed September 2016. External links
 Formed collection : Harold S. Williams
 National Library of Australia, 'Williams Collection', https://www.nla.gov.au/selected-library-collections/harold-s-williams-collection

1898 births
1987 deaths
People from Melbourne
Melbourne Medical School alumni
Australian people of World War II
Officers of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Harold Stannett Williams
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title: Preity Zinta

texts:
<mask> (pronounced ; born 31 January 1975) is an Indian actress and entrepreneur primarily known for her work in Hindi films. After graduating with degrees in English honours and criminal psychology, <mask> made her acting debut in Dil Se.. in 1998, followed by a role in Soldier in the same year. These performances earned her the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut, and she was later recognised for her role as a teenage single mother in Kya Kehna (2000). She subsequently established a career as a leading actress of Hindi cinema with a variety of character types. Her roles, often deemed culturally defiant, along with her unconventional screen persona have been credited with contributing to a change in the concept of Indian film heroines, and won her several accolades. Following critically appreciated roles in Chori Chori Chupke Chupke (2001), Dil Chahta Hai (2001), Dil Hai Tumhaara (2002), and Armaan (2003), <mask> received the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance in the drama Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003). She went on to play leading roles in two consecutive annual top-grossing films in India, the science fiction film Koi... Mil Gaya (2003) and the romantic drama Veer-Zaara (2004).She was later noted for her portrayal of independent, modern Indian women in Salaam Namaste (2005) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), top-grossing productions in overseas markets. Her first international film role was in the Canadian drama Heaven on Earth (2008), for which she was awarded the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress and was nominated for the Genie Award for Best Actress. She followed this with a hiatus from acting work for several years, with the exception of her self-produced comeback film, Ishkq in Paris (2013), which failed to leave a mark. In addition to acting, <mask> is a social activist, television presenter and stage performer. Between 2004 and 2005, she wrote a series of columns for BBC News Online South Asia. She is the founder of the production company PZNZ Media, a co-owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Punjab Kings since 2008, and the owner of the South-African T20 Global League cricket team Stellenbosch Kings since 2017. Zinta is known in the Indian media for publicly speaking her mind, and consequently has sparked the occasional controversy.These controversies include her being the sole witness not to retract in court her earlier statements against the Indian mafia during the 2004 Bharat Shah case, for which she was awarded the Godfrey Phillips National Bravery Award. Early life and background
<mask> <mask> was born on 31 January 1975 into a Rajput family from Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Her father, Durganand <mask>, was an officer in the Indian Army. He died in a car accident when she was 13 years old; the accident also involved her mother, Nilprabha, who was severely injured and consequently remained bedridden for two years. <mask> called the tragic accident and her father's death a significant turning point in her life, which forced her to mature rapidly. She has two brothers; Deepankar and Manish, a year older and a year younger, respectively. Deepankar is a commissioned officer in the Indian Army, while Manish lives in California.Zinta, who describes herself as having been a tomboy as a child, has emphasised her father's military background as having given her a lasting impression on how family life was to be conducted. He asserted the importance of discipline and punctuality to the children. She studied at the Convent of Jesus and Mary boarding school in Shimla. Although she confesses to loneliness in the boarding school, she noted that it was compensated by her finding a "... perfect set of friends" there. As a student, she developed a love for literature, particularly the works of William Shakespeare and poetry. According to Zinta, she enjoyed schoolwork and received good grades; in her free time she played sports, especially basketball. After her schooling at Convent of Jesus and Mary, Shimla, Zinta enrolled at St. Bede's College in Shimla.She graduated with an English honours degree, and then started a graduate programme in psychology. She earned a postgraduate degree in criminal psychology, but later took up modelling. Zinta's first television commercial was for Perk chocolates, the result of a chance meeting with a director at a friend's birthday party in 1996. The director persuaded Zinta to audition for the spot, and she was selected. Afterwards, she appeared in other catalogues and commercials, including one for the soap Liril. Acting career

Debut and early roles (1998–1999)
In 1997, Zinta met Shekhar Kapur when she accompanied a friend to an audition in Mumbai, and was asked if she would audition too. Upon seeing her audition, Kapur insisted that she become an actress.She was originally scheduled to make her screen debut in Kapur's Tara Rum Pum Pum opposite Hrithik Roshan, but the filming was cancelled. She reminisced the experience: "I began to recognise the power of destiny. I had no intention ever to be an actress." Kapur later recommended her for director Mani Ratnam's Dil Se.. (1998), a romantic thriller about a terrorist group in New Delhi. Zinta often recalls that when she joined the film industry, her friends teased her that she would typically "wear white saris and dance in the rain", thereby motivating her to play different parts. <mask> commenced shooting for Kundan Shah's Kya Kehna, whose release was delayed until 2000. The delay of another film, Soldier (1998), meant that her first release was Dil Se.. opposite Shahrukh Khan and Manisha Koirala.She was introduced as Preeti Nair, a middle-class Delhi girl and Khan's fiancée. The film was considered an unusual launch for a newcomer, as her role called for only 20 minutes of screen time. However, she was eventually noticed for her role, particularly for the forthright character she played. Her scene with Khan, in which she asked him, "Are you a virgin? ", became well-known, and her portrayal earned her a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress. Khalid Mohamed of Bombay Talkies said that she "radiates confidence and spunk even if she's given just scraps of footage". The film did not attract a wide audience in India but was the first Hindi film to enter the UK's top 10 box-office charts.<mask>'s second release of 1998 was Abbas–Mustan-directed action-drama Soldier, one of the biggest commercial hits of the year. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut for her performance in both Dil Se.. and Soldier. <mask> next acted in two Telugu films, Premante Idera (1998), opposite Venkatesh; and Raja Kumarudu (1999), opposite Mahesh Babu. She followed with the leading role alongside Akshay Kumar in Sangharsh, a thriller directed by Tanuja Chandra and written by Mahesh Bhatt. <mask> portrayed the character of Reet Oberoi, a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) officer who falls in love with a captured killer (Kumar). Having been impressed with <mask>'s work in Dil Se.., Chandra approached her for the part after several leading actresses had refused the offer, which Zinta viewed as an opportunity to expand her range. Sangharsh was not a box office success, although <mask>'s performance received favourable comments by critics.An article published by The Tribune upon the film's release described her performance as "an amazing act" in an "intense film", documenting her career path thus far with the observation: "She wowed the audiences with her cameo in Dil Se.., then she zapped the viewers with her sensuality in Soldier and now <mask> Zinta is all set to shock everybody with her stark performance [in Sangharsh]." Breakthrough and career advancement (2000–2002)
<mask>'s first role in 2000 was in the drama Kya Kehna, which exceeded expectations to emerge a major box office success. The film addressed themes of single parenthood and teenage pregnancy, and gained Zinta wider recognition from the public as well as film critics. Her portrayal of Priya Bakshi, a teenage single mother who fights social prejudice, earned her several award nominations, including her first nomination for Best Actress at the Filmfare Awards. Anupama Chopra from India Today reported that Zinta belonged to a new breed of Hindi film actors that breaks away from character stereotypes. Further positive feedback came her way that year for her starring role in the romantic comedy Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega. She next appeared alongside Sanjay Dutt and Hrithik Roshan in Vidhu Vinod Chopra's drama Mission Kashmir (2000).Set in the valley of Kashmir during the Indo-Pakistani conflicts, the film dealt with the topic of terrorism and crime; it was an economic success, becoming the year's third-highest-grossing release in India. <mask>'s role was that of Sufiya Parvez, a TV reporter and Roshan's childhood love. A review in The Hindu noted her for lending colour to an otherwise serious subject matter, and she shared similar sentiments about the character, citing its positive nature within the dark film as having sparked her interest in the part. In 2001, she was paired with Sunny Deol in the action film Farz. Her role was dismissed by critics, and the film failed commercially. Abbas-Mustan's family drama Chori Chori Chupke Chupke was released later that year after a one-year delay due to the trial of producer Bharat Shah and opened to a wide audience. One of the first Hindi films to address the controversial issue of surrogate childbirth, it starred <mask> as Madhubala, a golden-hearted prostitute hired as a surrogate mother.Initially reluctant to play the part, she eventually accepted it at the directors' persuasion and, to prepare for it, visited several bars and nightclubs at Mumbai's red-light areas to study the lingo and mannerisms of sex-workers. Reviews of the film were varied, but critics singled out <mask> for praise. She received a second Best Supporting Actress nomination at the Filmfare Awards for her performance, of which reviewer Sukanya Verma wrote: "<mask> <mask>, who clearly has the meatiest part of all, makes the best of it. Her transformation from the cocky and unabashed prostitute to a sensitive and warm person is amazingly believable." Two more 2001 releases featured <mask>, Dil Chahta Hai and Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke. Depicting the contemporary routine life of Indian affluent youth, Farhan Akhtar's coming-of-age Dil Chahta Hai is set in modern-day urban Mumbai and focuses on a major period of transition in the lives of three young friends (Aamir Khan, Saif Ali Khan and Akshaye Khanna). <mask> starred as Aamir Khan's love interest, Shalini, who is conflicted about her upcoming marriage to a man she does not love.Dil Chahta Hai was popular with critics, some of whom believed it broke new ground by introducing a realistic portrayal of Indian youth. It was named the Best Feature Film in Hindi at the National Film Awards and received the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film. The film was a moderate box office success in India; it performed well in the big cities but failed in the rural areas, which was attributed by trade analysts to the city-oriented lifestyle it presented. Dinesh Raheja took note of <mask>'s "casual and appealing acting", and Sita Menon described her as "beautiful and vibrant, wavering between endearingly naive and confused". Deepak Shivdasani's Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke, a romantic drama co-starring Ajay Devgn and Madhuri Dixit, was commercially and critically unsuccessful. In 2002, <mask> collaborated once again with director Kundan Shah, as the protagonist in the family drama Dil Hai Tumhaara, alongside Rekha, Mahima Chaudhry and Arjun Rampal. She played Shalu, an adopted daughter craving love, a role she identified with due to its rebellious nature.Billed as a star vehicle for <mask>, Dil Hai Tumhaara did not succeed financially, but her portrayal was uniformly acclaimed by critics, with those critical of the film marking her presence as its main highlight. Taran Adarsh from entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama noted: "... <mask> Zinta, in an author-backed role ... steals the show with a sterling performance ... Here's a performance that is sure to win accolades from the junta and critics whole-heartedly." Success (2003–2007)
<mask> was the lead in India's three highest-grossing films of 2003: The Hero: Love Story of a Spy, Koi... Mil Gaya and Kal Ho Naa Ho. The Hero, co-starring Sunny Deol and Priyanka Chopra, is an action drama about a Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) secret agent on a mission to gather intelligence about terrorist activity from across the border of Kashmir. <mask> played the part of Reshma, a Kashmiri villager who falls in love with the agent and becomes part of this network. The film, involving stunts never seen before in the cinematic history of Bollywood, became the most expensive Hindi film ever produced at the time.The third-highest-grossing film of the year, it was labelled a disappointment against its high production costs. She next starred in Honey Irani's directorial debut, Armaan; the drama is set in a hospital and follows the travails of its personnel and its principal, Dr. Akash (Anil Kapoor), who struggles arduously to sustain the institution financially. <mask> played Akash's schizophrenic wife Sonia Kapoor, a role written specially for her and which she considered her best to that point. The film received predominantly positive reviews, and Zinta was particularly praised. Khalid Mohamed called her a "peppy scene-stealer, achieving her manic mood swings dexterously", and Vinayak Chakravorty concluded, "As Sonia, Preity takes over the script and, indeed, the film, unleashing a brilliant act as the deceptively bubbly but manipulative wife." For her performance, she received nominations for Best Performance in a Negative Role at different award ceremonies, including Filmfare. Rakesh Roshan's science-fiction film Koi... Mil Gaya, about a developmentally disabled young man (Hrithik Roshan) coming in contact with an alien, followed.<mask> played the role of Nisha, a young woman whom Roshan befriends and later falls in love with. She received another Best Actress nomination at the Filmfare for the role, her portrayal of which was deemed "fresh and inspired" by The Times of India. The film was a financial and critical success and became the most popular film of the year, as well as <mask>'s highest-grossing film, with a domestic total of . Empire magazine described it as the "most novel Bollywood movie of the year". It won the Filmfare Award for Best Film, among others, and went on to spawn two superhero films as sequels—Krrish and Krrish 3—making it the first of the Krrish film series, to which <mask> did not proceed. <mask>'s final

masks:
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title: Preity Zinta

texts:
 release of 2003 was Nikhil Advani's Kal Ho Naa Ho, a romantic drama set in New York City. The film was received favourably by critics and became India's second-biggest hit of the year after Koi... Mil Gaya.It also did well internationally and became India's top-grossing film of the year overseas, earning over  worldwide. <mask> played Naina Catherine Kapur, an insecure and angry young Indian-American who falls for a man with a fatal heart disease (Shah Rukh Khan). She won several awards for her performance, including the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, the IIFA Award for Best Actress and the Stardust Award for Actor of the Year – Female. Writing for Stardust, critic Ram Kamal Mukherjee asserted that the film rested "wholly and solely" on <mask>'s "astounding performance", noting her for having "skillfully handled the hues of the complex character". Derek Elley wrote, "<mask>, who's been carving a growing following the past three years or so, has never been better, definitively moving from juve roles to a charismatic young woman with her sexy, assured Naina." In 2004, <mask> played TV journalist Romila Dutta in Farhan Akhtar's war drama Lakshya, alongside Hrithik Roshan. The film is based on the historical events of the 1999 Kargil War, and <mask>'s character is modelled after Barkha Dutt, the only female reporter who covered the conflict.She called it the toughest film she had worked on and said it made her respect journalists. To provide an accurate portrayal, she watched a number of Dutt's television shows and read books on the conflict. The film was a critical success, yet her performance received mixed reviews; Namrata Joshi of Outlook likened her to "a teenybopper trying to do a TV newsreading skit for her college fest", and Rediff.com's Rajeev Pai observed that despite a good part, she only "does a fairly decent job of it without ever being spectacular". Lakshya failed to attract an audience, grossing  against its  budget. For the lead part in his cross-border romance Veer-Zaara (2004), Yash Chopra was looking for an actress whose "look and personality could be transformed". Having identified this opportunity in <mask>, who was mostly known for playing Westernised characters, he cast her in the title role of Zaara Haayat Khan, a feisty Pakistani woman whose love story with Indian officer Veer Pratap Singh (Shah Rukh Khan) spans three decades amid trials and tribulations. Highly anticipated pre-release, the film had a strong international release, including a screening at the Berlin International Film Festival, and was named Best Film at major Indian award functions.With revenues of over , it was that year's top-grossing Hindi film both in India and abroad. <mask>'s part required her to master the fine nuances of the Urdu language. Though excited at first, she later "got knots in her stomach" worrying about her performance, but Chopra assured her. Her work resulted in a fourth Filmfare Best Actress nomination, among others. Jitesh Pillai wrote of her "tremendous restraint", and Avijit Ghosh of The Telegraph likewise believed she had delivered her most nuanced performance. Variety hailed her as "the most interesting young actress of her generation". Veer-Zaara was <mask>'s second highest-grossing film and third major success in two consecutive years.<mask> starred opposite Govinda in the 2005 folk comedy Khullam Khulla Pyaar Karen, a production that had been delayed since 2002. The film garnered negative reviews and poor box office returns, and Subhash K. Jha found <mask>'s work to be incompatible with her screen image and acting style. Critics and moviegoers were more appreciative that year of Siddharth Anand's comedy-drama Salaam Namaste, which saw <mask> and Saif Ali Khan as a contemporary cohabiting Indian couple in Australia who deal with an unexpected pregnancy. Produced on a big budget by Yash Raj Films, it was the first Indian feature filmed entirely in Australia and became the year's highest-grossing Bollywood production outside of India and overall third highest-grossing Hindi film, earning . <mask> received a number of Best Actress nominations for playing the protagonist Ambar Malhotra, a single modern young woman who leaves India to make her own life in Melbourne and works as a radio host while studying medicine. Devyani Srivastava of Mid-Day considered the independent, strong-minded character of Ambar to be a rare Hindi film heroine, and Taran Adarsh argued that <mask> had given "her most accomplished performance to date". The New York Times noted Ambar's negative shades but admired <mask>'s positive personality, by which she remains likable even despite uncharitable traits of her characters.<mask> received further success in 2006, starring in Karan Johar's drama Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna alongside Shah Rukh Khan, Rani Mukerji, Abhishek Bachchan, and Amitabh Bachchan. The film became one of the biggest box office hits in India, earning , and grossed over  abroad, the biggest Bollywood success of all-time in the overseas market up until then. It was <mask>'s fourth overseas top-earner in four consecutive years. Revolving around two unhappily married couples in New York, the film featured <mask> as Rhea Saran, an ambitious fashion magazine editor whose husband begins an adulterous affair with a family acquaintance. She described the part as an attempt to shed her vivacious public image. Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna polarised critics, but The Indian Express approved of <mask>'s effort, noting her for having "walked with poise, sat with grace, smiled with composure and spoken with calmness". Other reviews questioned the limited length of her role.In later years, Filmfare and Verve lauded the character for breaking stereotypes of screen portrayals of married women in Hindi films. <mask> next appeared in Shirish Kunder's romantic musical Jaan-E-Mann (2006). She played Piya, the cynosure of two men in the United States (Salman Khan and Akshay Kumar). The film opened to mixed reviews from critics and its eventual box office profit was poor. Despite being mostly criticised for taking a role of minimal importance, she was complimented on her performance and appearance. She said the film was a great relief after the more emotionally intense Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna, as Jaan-E-Mann was "easy, happy and much more simple". Even less successful was her next turn as British Pakistani woman Alvira Khan in her third project with Yash Raj Films, the comedy Jhoom Barabar Jhoom (2007), co-starring Abhishek Bachchan, Bobby Deol and Lara Dutta.The film was a commercial failure in India and critics panned her performance; The Times of India described her as "too plastic" and Rediff.com concluded, "From accent to emotion, Preity is plain and simple insufferable in this film." Professional expansion (2007–2008)
Following the failure of two of her commercial releases, <mask> decided to venture into art films, a movement of neo-realistic films known in India as parallel cinema. She acted alongside Amitabh Bachchan in her first English-language film, Rituparno Ghosh's film-within-a-film drama The Last Lear (2007). <mask> played Shabnam, a struggling film actress working on a new project opposite Shakespearean actor Harish Mishra (Bachchan) in the midst of a turbulent relationship with her possessive husband. The film premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival and was received well. Later reviews in India were approving, with Rajeev Masand writing that she "gets through her scenes competently, never allowing her cute-as-a-button image to take away from the impact she makes here as a conflicted, mature woman". Sukanya Verma called Zinta "palpably vulnerable" but lamented the English dialogue, finding it distracting "from the seriousness of the situation".The Last Lear was named the Best English Film at the 55th National Film Awards. Initially dismissive of art films, <mask> eventually spoke positively of her experiment with the genre, confessing, "I did think with art films that they don't pay you, they don't feed you, but I was wrong, and I'm so happy to be here." <mask> next starred in Samir Karnik's Heroes (2008), a three-chapter road movie about two film students who, as part of an assignment, travel across North India to deliver three un-posted letters written by army personnel who lost their lives during the 1999 Kargil war to their families. <mask> is featured in the first chapter as Salman Khan's war widow, Kuljeet Kaur, a woman who becomes the sole breadwinner of the family and single-handedly raises her son. In preparation for the role, <mask> attended Anupam Kher's acting school, "Actor Prepares" to learn the dialect and mannerisms of a Punjabi woman. The film was released to a mixed critical reaction, but her performance received rave reviews; Anand Singh of Hindustan Times wrote: "Karnik is merely interested in wringing tears the old-fashioned way, and not in starting a debate. He succeeds—mainly because <mask> Zinta brings to a role a gravitas and dignity that is seen on the faces of ordinary women—this may be her coming of age as an actress."In the same year she played the leading role of Chand in Deepa Mehta's Canadian film Heaven on Earth, a Punjabi-language mystical drama based on the true story of a young Indian woman who, after an arranged marriage to a non-resident Indian man from Canada, migrates to Toronto and becomes a victim of severe domestic abuse. <mask> described Mehta as one director she was longing to work with to fulfill her desire for "a new kind of acting challenge". To prepare for the part, she studied extensively the subject of domestic violence and took a crash course in Punjabi, a language that was totally alien to her. She confessed to not being able to emotionally disconnect from the part during the making of the film: "I never knew a character would affect me so deeply. I've become completely withdrawn and introspective... I can't snap out of the character." She eventually called it her most challenging project, as it helped her "shed everything that <mask> Zinta was about".Heaven on Earth was first screened at several film festivals and garnered career-best reviews for Zinta. Peter Debruge of Variety wrote of her "stunning psychological transformation" in the part and Will Sloan labelled her "a revelation". Her performance earned her the Silver Hugo Award for Best Actress at the 2008 Chicago International Film Festival, for "her strong yet subtle performance as a woman struggling to keep her dreams despite brutal realities". She was also nominated for the Genie Award for Best Actress. Hiatus and occasional returns (2009–present)

Following Heaven on Earth, Zinta took a two-year sabbatical from films, later explaining that she had chosen to focus on her work with her cricket team. In 2011 she launched her own production company, PZNZ Media. Two years later and following numerous delays, she starred in her first film under the banner—the Prem Raj-directed romantic comedy Ishkq in Paris, which she also co-wrote.An Indo-French collaboration, the film saw <mask> as a half-Indian half-French Parisian woman alongside Rhehan Malliek and Isabelle Adjani. <mask>'s role required her to learn French and follow a strict diet and fitness regime, for which she hired the services of celebrity trainer Tracy Anderson. Whilst the film bombed at the box office and received mostly negative reviews, <mask>'s performance attracted a mixed critical reception. Sonia Chopra of Sify called her "hugely likeable", and added that she is a "good actress, astute producer and ... writer". Shilpa Jamkhandikar from Deccan Herald, critical of both the film and Zinta's work, concluded a scathing review by calling it "a mediocre film, one that was supposed to showcase one of our favourite leading ladies, but instead just shows us what a shadow of her past she's become". Following a five-year sabbatical, Zinta starred opposite Sunny Deol as an aggressive Varanasi-based wife in Neeraj Pathak's action comedy Bhaiaji Superhit (2018). Ajit Duara of Open magazine called the film a "rude, sexist, and completely mixed-up farce" and bemoaned that the "once vivacious [Zinta] appears completely disinterested in her surroundings and in her co-actors".In 2020, Zinta appeared alongside Vir Das in an episode of the American sitcom Fresh Off the Boat, titled "The Magic Motor Inn"; she was set to reprise her role in a spin-off series, centered around her character's family, but in June 2020, ABC announced it would not be moving forward with the spin-off. Other work

Column writing
In 2004, <mask> joined a group of South Asian commentators for BBC News Online. She expressed joy at participating in the project, saying, "I am pretty outspoken and have my own view on every subject. So it will be a good platform for me to air my views." Her first column, "The changing face of Bollywood", published in January 2004, discussed the evolution of Bollywood in the past decade. The column became one of the site's ten most read stories of the day. In her second column, "Odds stacked against Indian women", Zinta analysed the eve teasing phenomenon in India, and criticised those who practice it.She wrote, "Incidences like these take away a woman's dignity, her space and her freedom ... why the state is so helpless in protecting the women. Why should women feel unsafe in a country which had an internationally revered woman prime minister?" The column caught the attention of readers worldwide, and she received thousands of e-mails about it. It was applauded particularly by women for its stand against abuse of Indian women. Her third column, "The darkness that all actors fear", was a more personal column and dealt with her stardom, fans, insecurity and fears as an actor. Her fourth and final column, titled "Facing death in Sri Lanka and Thailand", described her two near-death experiences in late 2004. Stage performances and television presenting

<mask> has taken part in several stage shows and world tours since 2001.Her first world tour, a series of concerts called "Craze 2001", was performed across the US alongside Anil Kapoor, Aamir Khan, Aishwarya Rai and Gracy Singh. The show faced early cancellation due to the 11 September 2001 attacks, and the team prepared to return to India as soon as possible. However, the shows continued successfully in Canada. In 2002, she participated in the show "From India With Love" in the UK, along with Amitabh Bachchan, Aamir Khan, Shah Rukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai. It took place at two outdoor venues, Manchester's Old Trafford and London's Hyde Park, with over 100,000 spectators. Zinta's largest world tour was in 2004, when she joined a group of stars (Shah Rukh Khan, Rani

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