title: Khaba

texts:
<mask> (also read as <mask>) was a pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, active during the 3rd Dynasty of the Old Kingdom period. The exact time during which Khaba ruled is unknown but may have been around 2670 BC, and almost definitely towards the end of the dynasty. King <mask> is considered to be difficult to assess as a figure of ancient Egypt. His name is archaeologically well-attested by stone bowls and mud seal impressions. Khaba's reign is securely dated to the Third Dynasty. Because of the contradictions within Ramesside king lists and the lack of contemporary, festive inscriptions, his exact chronological position within the dynasty remains disputed. These problems originate in part from contradictory king lists, which were all compiled long after Khaba's death, especially during the Ramesside era (which is separated from the Third Dynasty by 1,400 years).It is also a matter of debate as to where Khaba might have been buried. Many Egyptologists and archaeologists propose that an unfinished Layer Pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan belongs to him. Others believe instead that his tomb is a large mastaba close to the Layer Pyramid, where numerous stone vessels bearing Khaba's serekh have been found. Attestations
Khaba's name appears on nine polished stone bowls, variously made of magnesite, travertine, and diorite, which were found at the archaeological locales of Zawyet el'Aryan, Abusir, and Naga-ed-Deir. The bowls were found mostly intact; they show only the king's serekh name on their polished surfaces. As was conventional at the time they were made, they contain no additional inscriptions for context. His name also appears on several mud seal impressions found at Quesna (in the Delta), Zawyet el'Aryan, Hierakonpolis, and Elephantine.Most of the mud seals were excavated at modern-day Elephantine; it is possible that more of them lie under the garden of the current museum of Elephantine. These seal impressions bear more inscriptions than the stone bowls, however most of the seals are only preserved as small fragments and their surfaces have been roughened over the years. Only one seal bears a well-preserved complete row of names or titles; the seal, numbered UC-11755, is undated and is now on display in the Petrie Museum, London. The inscription alternates between Horus and Golden Horus names. Identity

Royal name
Khaba is known by his serekh and Golden Horus name only. His Nisut-Bity title and his Nebty name are unknown. Additionally, Khaba is one of the very few kings from Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom times with an archaeologically proven Gold name, a likely predecessor to the Golden Horus name, which Khaba may also have introduced.Aside from Khaba, the only kings with Gold names who lived before king Sneferu, founder of the 4th dynasty, were Djer, Den, Nynetjer, Khasekhemwy, and Djoser. From Snefru onward, the Golden Horus name became a fixed royal title to any ruling king, no matter how long the king ruled. Khaba's Golden Horus name can be found on several seal impressions, although its correct reading and translation are disputed. Peter Kaplony interprets it as Nub-iret or Nub iret-djedef, though he is unsure whether the syllable djedef was an inherent part of the name or an additional honorary title. Thomas Schneider and Jürgen von Beckerath, in contrast, see Khaba's Golden Horus as Netjer-nub, which means "golden falcon". Khaba's Gold name is the first to show the infinitive form of the royal Gold name. Identification with Ramesside kinglists
Scholars face several problems in attempting to connect Khaba to royal names known from the Ramesside era (the Nineteenth and Twentieth Dynasties).Unfortunately, these lists offer no clear consensus about the number or names of the kings of the 3rd dynasty. The Abydos king list gives Nebka, Djoser, Teti, Sedjes, and Neferkarê, while the Turin Canon offers Nebka, Djoser, Djoserteti, Hudjefa, and Huni. The kinglist of Saqqara lists Djoser, Djoserteti, Nebkarê, and Huni. The ancient historian Manetho gives nine names: Necheróphes, Tosorthrós, Týreis, Mesôchris, Sôÿphis, Tósertasis, Achês, Sêphuris, and Kerpherês. Egyptologist Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, for example, identifies Khaba with the Ramesside cartouche name Teti. In contrast, Egyptologists Wolfgang Helck and Aidan Dodson suggest that Khaba could have been identical to the Ramesside names Sedjes and Hudjefa II. Both "names" are actually pseudonyms for a royal title that was illegible when the Ramesside scribes compiled the kinglists.This would match a king who ruled only a short time. The Turin Canon gives a short reign of 6 years for Hudjefa II. A minority of modern Egyptologists think that Khaba might be identical to a Ramesside cartouche name known as Huni. This name can be credited to a king who is handed down by the Ramesside scribes as the last ruler of the 3rd dynasty. Rainer Stadelmann, Nicolas Grimal, Wolfgang Helck, and Toby Wilkinson point to a step pyramid at Zawyet el'Aryan, called the Layer Pyramid. This monument is assigned to Khaba (see section below) and since Stadelmann and Wilkinson hold that the pyramid was finished, they believe that a long-reigning king, such as king Huni, would have been necessary to oversee the project. Huni is attested in the Turin Canon to have reigned for 24 years.In addition, Stadelmann points to the seal impressions found at Elephantine: they come from a site very close to a stepped pyramid which is said to have been built by Huni. Identification with Manetho's king list
It is also unknown under which Hellenized name the ancient historian Manetho listed Khaba. He might have been the same person as the listed Mesôchris or Sôÿphis, but this in turn is doubted by Wolfgang Helck and Eberhard Otto. They connect both names with king Sanakht. Reign

Chronology
Because of the contradictions within Ramesside king lists and the lack of contemporary, festive inscriptions, the exact chronological position of Khaba remains disputed. Egyptologist Nabil Swelim believes that Khaba could have been the direct successor to King Khasekhemwy, the last ruler of the 2nd dynasty. He bases his assumptions on similarities between the two's names: both begin with the syllable kha.As a comparison, he points to the names Netjerikhet (Djoser) and Sekhemkhet (Djoserteti), which also display such similarity and are widely assumed to have ruled back-to-back. However, Swelim's theory is not widely accepted. Grimal, Helck, Wilkinson and Stadelmann point out that during the 3rd dynasty it became a fashion that royal stone bowls with polished surfaces showed only Horus names, without any guiding inscriptions. This is also the case for the stone bowls of king Khaba. This decor style was practiced still under Sneferu, the founder of the 4th dynasty. Thus, Khaba is thought to have reigned close to the end of the Third Dynasty. Duration
The correct duration of Khaba's reign is also unknown.Should he be identical to the Ramesside cartouche names Sedjes (meaning "omitted") and Hudjefa (meaning "erased"), he might have ruled for six years, as the Turin Canon suggests. If Khaba was identical to king Huni, he might have ruled for 24 years. Events
The current archaeological situation allows no closer evaluation of Khaba's reign. The seal impressions from Elephantine only prove that this island seems to have been an important place to visit in Khaba's time. The inscriptions reveal that the seals and their belonging vessels originated from Thinis and that they were registered by the governor of Elephantine. Other seals show the depiction of the goddess Bastet. The Hierakonpolis seal was found in early dynastic ruins of a local Horus temple.It shows traces of the image of a god, possibly Ash. Tomb

Khaba is commonly thought to have built the Layer Pyramid, located at Zawyet el'Aryan, about 8 km south-west of Giza. The pyramid's construction is typical of Third Dynasty masonry with mudbricks arranged in layers around a core made of rough blocks from the local bedrock. The pyramid was planned to be about  tall, but is now only . It is unclear whether part of the pyramid has been eroded over time or its construction was never finished. While there are no inscriptions directly relating the pyramid to Khaba, his serekh appears on stone bowls that were discovered in a nearby mastaba, known as Mastaba Z500. Alternatively, Khaba could have been interred in the aforementioned mastaba, which is located about  north of the pyramid.Indeed, excavations of the mastaba yielded several stone bowls inscribed with Khaba's Horus name as well as two seal fragments of him. Although this is generally taken as a proof that Khaba was the pyramid owner, it could equally imply that the mastaba was Khaba's tomb and the pyramid that of another, yet unknown king. Other buildings from Khaba's reign

Mastaba Z500
Only two large mastaba tombs can be securely dated into Khaba's reign. The first one is known as Mastaba Z500, which is located at Zawyet el'Aryan. It lies around 200m north of the Layer Pyramid and has a south–north-orientation. The mastaba ist made of mudbricks, its outer wall is niched and it contains only two large chambers without any typical tomb architecture elements. Because of this, Egyptologists such as Nabil Swelim believe that Mastaba Z500 was in fact a mortuary temple, belonging to the funerary complex of the Layer Pyramid.The datation of the building into Khaba's reign is based on numerous diorite and dolomite vessels and mud seal fragments, bearing the serekh name of king Khaba. Quesna Tomb
In 2010, an unknown mudbrick mastaba was discovered in Quesna, an archaeological site located in the Monufia Governorate (in the Nile Delta). The mastaba was once 14m in length and 6m in width. Its substructure contains a 3m wide corridor chapel, divided into three architectural sections: the first (northern) section is filled with rubble, the second (central) section contains a double room as the burial chamber and the third (southern) section has a burial shaft in its center. In 2014, a tiny mud seal fragment with the king's name was discovered inside. The true owner of the tomb, however, is unknown and archaeological excavations are still on-going. References

27th-century BC Pharaohs
Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty of Egypt

masks:
Khaba
Hor Khaba
Khaba


title: Benjamin Siegrist

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 31 January 1992) is a Swiss professional footballer, who plays in the Scottish Premiership for Dundee United as a goalkeeper. He was a member of the Switzerland squad at the 2012 Olympic Games in London and went on to represent the Swiss Under-21s. In 2009, Siegrist was part of his nation's FIFA U-17 World Cup winning side, during which he also received the competition's inaugural Golden Glove award for best goalkeeper. During seven years in the Aston Villa Academy <mask> undertook a series of short-term loans to English Football League and Conference sides. After a spell in the Swiss Super League with Vaduz, <mask> was born in Therwil, Basel-Country. Having been spotted playing for local side FC Therwil, <mask> continued his youth career at FC Basel in his native Switzerland and during his time there he won both the Swiss U-16 league and cup double in 2008.In January 2009, just prior to his 17th birthday, he signed for Aston Villa of the Premier League. He represented the reserve and academy teams, and in July 2010 he linked up with local side Tamworth with a view to a season-long loan. The loan move never materialised, but <mask> did play for the club in two pre-season friendlies against Rugby Town and Leamington. As a Villa youth player, he helped the club to the reach the final of the 2009–10 FA Youth Cup (which was lost 3–2 on aggregate to Chelsea) and the 2011–12 Premier Reserve League South title. Ahead of the 2012–13 season <mask> was promoted to Aston Villa's first team squad, receiving the number 39 shirt in the process. Loans
<mask> joined Football League Two side Burton Albion on a one-month loan deal on 28 November 2013. He was given the number one shirt and was named on the bench for Albion's match with Plymouth Argyle on 30 November 2013.He made no appearances, largely due to the form of Dean Lyness, and returned to Aston Villa after one month. In March 2014 <mask> joined Cambridge United of the Conference Premier, the fifth tier of English league football, on loan until the end of the season. On 26 March 2014 <mask> made his professional debut in a 3–0 win away to Salisbury City. Siegrist played three matches for Cambridge conceding only one goal and helping the club to a second-place league finish and ultimately the 2014 Conference Premier play-off Final, before a groin injury ended his spell at the club. <mask> joined Solihull Moors of the National League North on a one-month emergency loan on 8 October 2015 having recovered from a serious leg injury in May 2015. He played in the FA Cup third qualifying round for Solihull against Worcester City, the Moors forced a replay with a 1–1 draw in the first match but lost 1–0 in the replay, despite a string of fine saves from Siegrist. <mask> made his league debut in a 1–1 draw away to Tamworth on 17 October 2015.<mask>'s departure. On 19 March 2016, <mask> joined Wycombe Wanderers on loan until the end of the season as cover, ultimately only playing a single match. Vaduz
<mask>rist signed a two-year contract with Scottish Championship club Dundee United in June 2018. Manager Csaba László initially used Siegrist as understudy to Matej Rakovan, but he had become first choice by the time Robbie Neilson became manager later that year. Siegrist was part of the Dundee United team that were declared Championship winners in 2019–20, and were subsequently promoted to the Scottish Premiership.He made his 100th appearance for the club against Kilmarnock in February 2021. He made 131 saves in Premiership matches during the 2020–21 season, the most of any goalkeeper in the league, and won the club's Player of the Year and Players' Player of the Year awards, despite missing the end of the season with a broken wrist. In June 2021, United rejected an official bid to buy Siegrist from English League One club Ipswich Town. International career
Siegrist has been part of Switzerland squads at U17, U18, U19, and U21 level. Siegrist won the 2009 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Nigeria with his nation: the goalkeeper was an integral part of the side that beat the hosts in the final and won the tournament's first Golden Glove award as a result. He was chosen as a backup goalkeeper for Switzerland's U21 squad at the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship, but remained an unused substitute throughout the tournament as Switzerland lost 2–0 in the final to Spain. In 2012, Siegrist was chosen as a backup goalkeeper to Diego Benaglio for Pierluigi Tami's 18-man squad to represent Switzerland at the 2012 London Olympic Games.Career statistics

Honours

Club
Basel Academy
 Swiss U-16 League: 2007–08
 Swiss Cup U-16 Cup: 2007–08

Aston Villa Academy & Reserves
 FA Youth Cup runners-up: 2009–10
 Premier Reserve League South: 2011–12

Cambridge United
Conference Premier runners-up & Play-off winners: 2013–14

Solihull Moors
National League North: 2015–16

FC Vaduz
Liechtenstein Football Cup: 2016–17, 2017–18

Dundee United
Scottish Championship: 2019–20

International
Switzerland
 FIFA U-17 World Cup: 2009
 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship runners-up: 2011

Individual
 FIFA U-17 World Cup – Golden Glove: 2009

References

1992 births
Living people
People from Basel-Stadt
Swiss footballers
Switzerland under-21 international footballers
Switzerland youth international footballers
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Olympic footballers of Switzerland
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Association football goalkeepers
Aston Villa F.C. players
Burton Albion F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Solihull Moors F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
FC Vaduz players
Dundee United F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Challenge League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Swiss expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Scotland

masks:
Benjamin Kevin Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegristegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegrist
Siegristegrist
Siegrist
Siegristeg


title: Reginald Dixon

texts:
<mask>, MBE, ARCM (16 October 1904 – 9 May 1985) was an English theatre organist who was primarily known for his position as organist at the Tower Ballroom, Blackpool, a position he held from March 1930 until March 1970. He made and sold more recordings than any other organist before him, or since. He was in high demand throughout the 1930s, 40s, 50s, 60s and 70s. During his fifty-year career he was one of the top-selling artists, his prolific output ranking alongside that of Victor Silvester and Bing Crosby. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Ecclesall, Sheffield on 16 October 1904. By the age of two, <mask> started to play the organ and piano. Seeing the keen spirit and potential that he possessed for music made his father realise that his son was worthy of tuition.In addition to <mask>'s tuition he also practised two hours a day on piano. By the age of twelve, he was already performing in concerts at local music festivals, and by the age of thirteen, he began taking lessons in organ at his local church. At the age of thirteen, he had to give up his schooling in order to continue his music studies. He was now practising at least 8 hours per day or more. He also had applied for the post of organist at Birley Carr Methodist church and was chosen from several applicants, and was also assistant organist at Hillsborough Methodist church. He enrolled at the University of Sheffield studying counterpoint and harmony, and was awarded Associate of the Royal College of Music (ARCM) when he was 17 years old. Cinema experience
<mask> auditioned at the Stocksbridge Palace, near Sheffield.The piece he played was Debussy's "Arabesque" and he was employed as pianist and musical director, for the sum of £3 per week. <mask> gained a lot of experience in this job, and greatly enlarged his repertoire and developed his technique further. After eighteen months, <mask> accepted a job as pianist and deputy organist at Chesterfield Picture House, where his wage was £5 a week. To supplement this wage, he was also giving lessons. At Chesterfield he was called upon more and more often to play the organ, and when he was 21, he became a fully professional theatre organist. A year later he became organist and pianist of the Heeley Palace in Sheffield, and was still teaching. For practice he was also playing at the Regent Cinema on a 2/8 Wurlitzer, which he became fond of.He was employed as orchestral organist at the West End cinema in Birmingham, from where he changed over to become organist at the Regent Cinema, in Dudley. Here he played a 2/6 Wurlitzer, and it was while he was here that <mask> was giving lessons to Harry Farmer. After a time, <mask> left for a job at the New Victoria Cinema in Church Street, Preston, where he played a 2/9 Wurlitzer. The Tower Ballroom
In March 1930, <mask> was invited to audition for the position of organist at Blackpool's Tower Ballroom, which, at the time, contained a 2/10 Wurlitzer. Previous to this audition, there had been two other organists, Max Bruce and James Hodgetts FRCO. The Wurlitzer's job had been to provide music for dancing, however, and neither organist could tackle the difficult task of keeping a strict tempo. After auditioning, <mask> was given a trial, with the ultimatum that, if he did not make a success of playing the Wurlitzer for dancing, both he and the Wurlitzer would go.Once he had mastered playing in strict tempo, <mask> further developed his playing style, with a strong bass line, and both hands providing accompaniment and melody. <mask> was mainly left handed and he often played the accompaniment rhythm with his left hand as well as the melody using second touch. This left his right hand free to supplement the music. This became <mask>'s trade mark instantly recognisable style. Soon enough, <mask> had fully exploited the 2/10 Wurlitzer's capabilities. Since this was holding him back, and the dancers, this made <mask> plan a larger, more suitable instrument. Within weeks of his appointment at the Tower, the BBC were broadcasting Mr R. <mask> from the Tower Ballroom, Blackpool.One such broadcast was as follows:

"Chromatic Waltz No. 5" (Godard)
"Cheer Up and Smile" – (Conrad)
"Sing, You Sinners" (Sam Coslow)
Falling in Love Again (Hollander)
"When I Passed The Old Church Door" (Nicholls)
"Exactly Like You" Fields
"Gee! But I'd Like to Make You Happy" (Shay and Ward)
"Oh My Maiden, My Maiden" (Lehar)
"Blue is The Night" Fisher

This broadcast was different from any previous organ broadcast, and with <mask>'s unique style, nothing like it had been heard before. <mask> was also playing alongside bandleader Bertini in concerts, dance sessions, radio broadcasts and recordings. By 1931, <mask>'s broadcasts were becoming highly popular, and the time slot was expanded from 30 minutes, to 45 minutes, and were made as often as 5 times a week to the UK alone. Regular broadcasts were also being made to the British Empire, and <mask> was often in the ballroom in the very early hours of the morning, broadcasting live to places such as Canada, India, Africa and Australia. During the winter months, <mask> toured the UK, visiting cinemas and concert halls all over the country.These venues soon filled to capacity, like the Tower Ballroom was daily filled to its capacity of 7,000 people. In 1933 the Daily Mail stated that <mask> was the "most popular of all cinema organists". In March 1935, the organ which <mask> had longed for was first broadcast. The new 3/13 Wurlitzer was broadcast to the British Empire, and after, the Tower Company was inundated with telephone calls from people giving praise to the new organ, and <mask>'s handling of the new instrument. Later that year, he made a broadcast from Manchester Road Congregational Church, Nelson, with the music of Bach, Handel and Massenet. The new Wurlitzer was also heavily used in the Tower Company's annual production of Handel's "Messiah" with <mask> at the console. After a spell away from radio in winter 1938, there was much speculation about <mask> leaving his Tower post to become the new BBC organist, after <mask> had recently resigned from the post.<mask> said to this "I am under contract with the Tower company for another three years and I have also fixed up for a long winter with the Bernstein's Theatres Limited – the Granada theatres. If I had the offer of the job, I do not think I would accept it. I certainly would not take it if the finances were the same as applies to Mr Foort" Later that year, the "Daily Express" voted <mask> as Britain's number one organist. He came top of a nationwide poll, and had double, or more than double the votes of any other organist. On 14 July 1939 <mask>, and Horace Finch, gave the first public performance of the new Opera House Wurlitzer, the last new Wurlitzer Organ to come to the UK. Second World War
In 1940, <mask> joined the R.A.F. During his time there, he was often called upon to entertain service personnel, and was still to be heard on radio occasionally, as well as playing for concerts at the Tower Ballroom.While in the RAF he attained the rank of Flying Officer, and he left the RAF as Squadron Leader. In 1946, he returned to the tower, and was busier than ever. In addition to his Tower broadcasts, he was also broadcasting from Europe. 1950s
By 1952, <mask> had made over 1,000 broadcasts, and had already made several television appearances. In the later half of 1952, <mask> fell ill, through being overworked and completely exhausted. After a few months, he was back in full health, and returned to the Tower Ballroom. In 1954, he starred in BBC's You're Only Young Once and in 1955, he performed for Queen Elizabeth II, at the console of the 3/13 Wurlitzer of Blackpool's Opera House, for the Royal Variety Performance.After the show, the Queen said to him that she often listened to him on the radio. By now, <mask> had been at the tower, and on radio, for 25 years, and had performed, according to the Empire News, to over 60 million people live at the Tower ballroom alone, and radio listening figures were now topping 6 million for each broadcast he made. In 1956, he had his own radio show on the BBC called Meet Me at the Tower, which he was joined with guest organist and often by the BBC Northern Dance Orchestra. In addition to this, he still had his normal broadcasts to play for. In his weekly articles in the "Daily Herald", he had done much speculating as to who would turn on the Blackpool Illuminations that year. The Blackpool Illuminations have been an annual attraction since 1879, and the switch on ceremony was a prestigious event. Up until that time celebrities such as Prince George the Duke of Kent, George Formby, Jacob Malik (Soviet Ambassador), John H Whiting (U.S Ambassador), Valerie Hobson and Dame Anna Neagle had all turned on Blackpool's illuminations.<mask> soon found out that it was himself who was to turn on the illuminations that year, and the event was televised to a Europe-wide audience. In December 1956 a fire, which started in the Tower Lounge Restaurant, spread to the Ballroom. Fortunately the organ survived owing to its position above the proscenium arch, however, the console was badly damaged but was later fixed. While the Tower ballroom was being restored at the cost of £500,000, <mask> resumed his schedule in the Empress Ballroom, where in 1935, a 3/13 Wurlitzer had been installed. In 1958, he returned to the Tower Ballroom Wurlitzer, and things proceeded as normal, in the newly restored ballroom. On 3 July 1958, The Bulletin newspaper reported that <mask> was to have an operation that Sunday, quoting him as saying "A nerve in my right elbow is affecting the hand". It was "the result of an injury received in a motorcycle smash when I was a youth."The Bulletin reported that "He wanted to postpone the operation until the end of the season, but doctors have warned him that delay might mean losing the use of the hand". He returned to the ballroom and its Wurlitzer later in the same month, having made over 2,000 broadcasts. 1960s
In July 1966, the Reading Eagle newspaper of Reading, Pennsylvania, US, reported "There are many places in the U.S where people go to dance to the music of big orchestras, such as the Hollywood Palladium or New York's Roseland Ballroom, but in England, as many as 2,500 dancers and 4,000 spectators on a single evening patronise the Tower Ballroom in Blackpool to hear <mask> play the organ". In the same year, <mask> was awarded an MBE for his services in entertaining the public and radio listeners the world over. At the ceremony in Buckingham Palace, while pinning on his medal, Queen Elizabeth II said to him, "I have often listened to you, you must have been there [at the Tower Ballroom] for a long time now". <mask> replied, "Yes ma'am. I have been there since March 1930, but it does not seem as long as that".In 1969, he was also awarded by the BBC for the years of pleasure he had given to millions. The same year, <mask> announced his retirement from his Tower Ballroom post in order to spend more time with his family. At the end of the season, <mask> retired from playing for dancing at the Ballroom, but continued to play for Sunday concerts as normal. It was on Easter Sunday 1970 that he gave his final concert on the Tower Ballroom Wurlitzer, an event which was recorded and broadcast by the BBC, and he was also interviewed by Robin Richmond for the BBC's The Organist Entertains. Retirement
<mask>'s retirement from the Tower did not mean retirement altogether. He was still broadcasting to a very large audience, and he was also on tour across the UK and Europe, fulfilling engagements with various organ societies and clubs, determined to see the organ's survival. While in the Netherlands, he was also on radio and TV, as well as making a new LP.In addition, he had requests from both the US and Australia to conduct tours. He died on 9 May 1985 in Blackpool, aged 80. He was cremated at Carleton Crematorium, Blackpool. Discography
Between 1932 and 1958, <mask> released some 296 records on 78rpm discs which the table below lists. It does not include releases on 45rpm, 33⅓rpm or cassette releases. Release year is listed month/year. References

1904 births
1985 deaths
English organists
British male organists
Fellows of the Royal College of Organists
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Musicians from Sheffield
Royal Air Force officers
Theatre organists
20th-century English musicians
20th-century organists
20th-century British male musicians
People from Ecclesall
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Associates of the Royal College of Music

masks:
Reginald Herbert Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
H Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Reginald Foort
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Reginald Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Dixon
Reginald Dixon


title: Grigoriy Dobrygin

texts:
<mask> (also trans. Grigory; ; born 17 February 1986) is a Russian film and theatre actor, director and producer. A classically trained ballet dancer, <mask> had his breakout role as the first Russian superhero in the 2009 film Black Lightning. After starring in the critically acclaimed How I Ended This Summer (2010), he made his Western debut in 2014 in A Most Wanted Man and Black Sea. He has been called Russia's top acting export and the "Russian James Franco" for his versatility. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Kamchatka Krai, Russia) at the Rybachy Nuclear Submarine Base in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, on the Kamchatka Peninsula is the Russian Far East. His father was a Soviet Navy submarine captain and his mother was a professional ballet dancer from Moscow, a combination Dobrygin has called a "super-Soviet ideal" match.His family returned to Moscow when he was 10 years old in order for him to study dance at the world-renowned Moscow State Academy of Choreography in the Bolshoi Theatre. His first onstage role for the Bolshoi was in The Nutcracker at age 12. His family lived in the Moscow suburb of Zelenograd, where <mask> also attended Sports school "Sputnik" and played football. After his father had a religious conversion to Seventh-day Adventism and became a preacher, <mask> quit the academy at 17, one year prior to graduation. He left Moscow and enrolled at Zaoksky Adventist University in Tula. The decision to enter the seminary stemmed from his own beliefs as well as influence from his parents, he has stated. He played competitive indoor football for the seminary and traveled to tournaments in the United Kingdom and Germany.After two years at Zaoksky, <mask> moved back to Moscow to study Acting at the Moscow Art Theatre School. It is not clear whether he was expelled or left it by his own choice, but next year he enrolled in Russian Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) to study Directing. <mask> has called his first year at GITIS "the worst in my life," when he lived in fear of being expelled. He said that although GITIS was strict, training with director Oleg Kudryashov was a turning point in his life. He graduated in 2010. Acting career

While still a student, <mask> was cast as Dima Maykov in producer Timur Bekmambetov's Black Lightning  (2009), the first Russian-language blockbuster superhero film. <mask> earned worldwide recognition after director Alexei Popogrebsky spotted him at a theatre performance and ended up casting him in How I Ended This Summer (2010).<mask> and Sergei Puskepalis, the only other on-screen actor in the film, shared the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival for their roles in the film, shot over three months at a meteorological station on an Arctic island in the Chukchi Peninsula. <mask> also won the Best Actor trophy at the 2010 Russian Guild of Film Critics Awards for his performance. Following his success; the media dubbed him "the most famous student in Russia." <mask>'s first English-language movie was A Most Wanted Man (2014), an adaption of a John le Carré novel. <mask> portrayed Issa Karpov, a half-Russian, half-Chechen Muslim who flees to Hamburg, where he is targeted as a terrorist by the CIA and German secret service. <mask> co-starred with Rachel McAdams, Willem Dafoe and the late Philip Seymour Hoffman, in some of Hoffman's last scenes. He co-starred with Jude Law in 2014's Black Sea, a submarine thriller directed by Kevin Macdonald.To prepare for the role, <mask> visited submarine bases in Sevastopol, Crimea. He told Interview magazine that he "semi-legally" toured both Ukrainian and Russian sites in the disputed territory. Macdonald praised <mask>'s approach to the role, saying, “Not many Russian actors, or actors, actually, have his sensitivity or awareness. He has a very western approach, more of a method about him, for want of a more nuanced word. He wanted to inhabit the character, whereas the Russian way seems to be a lot more craft-based in its mentality." He is also starring in another John le Carré adaption, Our Kind of Traitor (2015), alongside Ewan McGregor and Stellan Skarsgård, and in Grain from Turkish director Semih Kaplanoğlu. <mask> will portray  Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich in an upcoming Russian biopic from director Alexei Uchitel about the life of ballerina Matilda Kshesinskaya, the mistress to three Grand Dukes.In 2015, <mask> starred in an adidas commercial directed by Pharrell Williams, #OriginalSuperstar, along with Pusha T, Japanese designer Yoon, VJ/designer VJ Mian, and Mexican illustrator Smithe. Directing and producing

<mask> was a producer for the film Beloved Sisters (2014), the official German submission for the Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film. He made his directorial debut with the comedic short Treason (Измена), which was screened at the 2013 Kinotavr film festival. He also wrote and directed a short, Verpaskungen, which won two prizes at the 2014 Kinotavr. In November 2013, he made his debut as a theatre director at the Mayakovsky Theatre. In 2016, <mask> directed a short, Mind the Gap, featuring his A Most Wanted Man co-star Willem Dafoe. The short sold for more than $100,000 for a children's charity.Ballet

<mask> has stated his intent to return to the dancing world through a film project. He told The Guardian in October 2014, “Five years after I stopped dancing I thought about going back. Now it’s been 10 years, so it’s going to be a documentary experiment for me: I’m going to go deep into ballet, prepare my body and then travel the world with a professional coach, an international choreographer and a camera.” In March 2015, he told Interview magazine, "I really want to go back on the big stage and dance something. I didn't finish my last year at the academy—I was not assigned to the theatre. And this was what was once the meaning of life: to dance." Personal life
<mask> is an observant Seventh-day Adventist; he said that his film contracts state that he will not drink alcohol, smoke, or be in a graphic sex scene on film, nor will he work on Saturdays. He declined to appear in a love scene with Rachel McAdams in A Most Wanted Man that was not in the original script, but he stated that it was because it would have been extremely out of character for the role he was playing.<mask> said his parents are extremely devout and do not watch television or films, although he brought his father, a former submarine captain, to the Moscow premiere of Black Sea. <mask> is in a relationship with singer and Moscow Art Theatre School acting student Musia Totibadze, the daughter of Georgian painter Konstantin Totibadze. Filmography

Awards and recognition

References

External links

 Interview with Radio Mayak
 Grigory <mask> in Teatr.ru

1986 births
Living people
21st-century Russian male actors
Russian male film actors
Russian male stage actors
Russian film directors
Russian theatre directors
Russian male dancers
Russian screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Russian male writers
Russian Seventh-day Adventists
People from Vilyuchinsk
People from Zelenograd
Silver Bear for Best Actor winners
Moscow State Academy of Choreography alumni
Russian Academy of Theatre Arts alumni

masks:
Grigoriy Eduardovich Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin
Dobrygin


title: Adolfo Constanzo

texts:
<mask> (November 1, 1962 – May 6, 1989) was a Cuban-American serial killer, drug dealer and cult leader who led an infamous drug-trafficking and occult gang in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico, that was dubbed the Narcosatanists (Spanish: Los Narcosatánicos) by the media. His cult members nicknamed him The Godfather (El Padrino). <mask> led the cult with Sara Aldrete, whom followers nicknamed "The Godmother" (La Madrina). The cult was involved in multiple ritualistic killings in Matamoros, including the murder of Mark Kilroy, an American student abducted, tortured and killed in the area in 1989. Early life
<mask> was born in Miami, Florida, to Delia Aurora González, a Cuban immigrant mother in 1962. She gave birth to Adolfo at the age of 15 and eventually had three children, by different fathers. Delia moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico, after her first husband died and remarried there.<mask> was baptized Catholic and served as an altar boy, but also accompanied his mother on trips to Haiti to learn about Vodou. <mask>'s family returned to Miami in 1972 and his stepfather died soon after, leaving the family with some money. As a teenager, he became apprenticed to a local sorcerer and began to practice a religion called Palo Mayombe, which involves animal sacrifice. Delia remarried and his new stepfather was involved in both the religion and drug dealing. <mask> and his mother were arrested numerous times for theft, vandalism and shoplifting. He graduated from high school, but was expelled from prep school. As an adult, <mask> moved to Mexico City and met the men who were to become his followers: Martín Quintana, Jorge Montes and Omar Orea.They began to run a profitable business casting spells to bring good luck, which involved expensive ritual sacrifices of chickens, goats, snakes, zebras and even lion cubs. Many of his clients were rich drug dealers and hitmen who enjoyed the violence of <mask>'s "magical" displays. He also attracted other rich members of Mexican society, including several high-ranking corrupt policemen who introduced him to the city's powerful drug cartels. His cult was said to be associated with the notable Gulf Cartel. <mask> started to raid graveyards for human bones to put in his nganga, or cauldron. Before long, his cult decided that the spirits of the dead that resided in the nganga would be stronger (providing the cult more powerful protection) with live human sacrifices instead of old bones. The resulting killings soon totaled more than twenty victims, whose mutilated bodies were found in and around Mexico City.This process escalated until <mask> eventually decided that the gang needed the power of a brain from an American student, culminating with the 1989 murder of Mark Kilroy. Murders
<mask> began to believe that his magic, many of which he took from Palo Mayombe, were responsible for the success of the cartels and demanded to become a full business partner with one of the most powerful families he knew, the Calzadas. When his demand was rejected, seven family members disappeared. Their bodies turned up later with fingers, toes, ears, brains and even (in one case) the spine missing. <mask> soon made friends with a new cartel, the Hernandez brothers. He also took up with a young woman named Sara Aldrete, who became the high priestess of the cult. <mask> made Aldrete second-in-command of his cult and directed her to supervise his followers while he was shipping marijuana over the border into the US.In 1988, <mask> moved to Rancho Santa Elena, a house in the desert. It is there where he carried out more sadistic ritual murders, sometimes of strangers and other times of rival drug dealers. He also used the ranch to store huge shipments of cocaine and marijuana. On March 13, 1989, <mask>'s henchmen abducted a pre-med student, Mark Kilroy, from outside a Mexican bar and took him back to the ranch. Kilroy was a US citizen who had been in Mexico on spring break. When Kilroy was brought to the ranch, <mask> murdered him. Under pressure from Texan politicians, Mexican police initially picked up four of <mask>'s followers, including two of the Hernandez brothers.Police quickly discovered the cult and that <mask> had been responsible for Kilroy's death; he sought a "good"/superior brain for one of his ritual spells. Officers raided the ranch and discovered <mask>'s cauldron, which contained various items such as a dead black cat and a human brain. Fifteen mutilated corpses were dug up at the ranch, one of them Kilroy's. Officials said Kilroy was killed by <mask> with a machete chop to the back of the neck when Kilroy tried to escape about 12 hours after being taken to the ranch. Death
<mask> fled to Mexico City with four of his followers. They were only discovered when police were called to the apartment because of an unrelated dispute taking place there. As the officers approached, <mask>, mistakenly believing they had located him, opened fire with a machine gun.This brought in police reinforcements. Determined not to go to prison, he handed the gun to follower Álvaro de León and ordered him to open fire on him and Martín Quintana. By the time police reached the apartment, both <mask> and Quintana were dead. De León, known as "El Duby", and Sara Aldrete were immediately arrested. A total of 14 cult members were charged with a range of crimes, from murder and drug-running to obstructing the course of justice. Sara Aldrete, Elio Hernández and Serafín Hernández were convicted of multiple murders and were ordered to serve prison sentences of over 60 years each. De León was given a 30-year term.If co-leader Aldrete is ever released from prison, American authorities plan to prosecute her for the murder of Mark Kilroy. Possible accomplices
 Abel Lima "El Sodomita de Iztapalapa" (alleged suspect for the kidnappings in the mid-90s). Rubén Estrada "Patitas Cortas"
 Christian Campos "El Panzas"
 Emmanuel Romero "El Trompas"
 Saúl Sánchez "El Macaco"
 Ricardo Peña "El Cepillín"

Documentaries
The Discovery Channel series Most Evil, by Dr. Michael Stone, profiled <mask> in the 10th episode ("Cult Leaders") of the second season. <mask>'s "evil level" was 22, the highest. <mask> was also profiled in the documentary Instinto Asesino, which aired on Discovery en Español in 2010. The episode was entitled "El Padrino". On July 13, 2013, the Investigation Discovery Channel profiled this crime in its Poisoned Passions series.The episode is titled "Sacrificial Evil". <mask> was portrayed by actor Aldo Uribe. On March 1, 2018, the ID Channel series Pandora's Box: Unleashing Evil portrayed the crimes in an episode entitled "The Devil's Ranch". Pop culture
The song "Sacrificial Shack" by the band Pain Teens is sung from the point of view of a cult member who confesses his crimes to the police after he is captured, taking the police to the <mask>'s ranch for an explanatory tour. Borderland is a 2007 film loosely based on <mask> and his cult. Gruesome Fate, a Texas death metal band, performs a song called "Padrino de la Matamoros". It is a song about the ritual killings which is a lead track on their 2016 release.Brujeria, a death metal band whose lyrics focus on Satanism, anti-Christianity, sex and drug smuggling, put a picture of a severed head (later nicknamed Coco Loco) on their album Matando Güeros. The head is believed to be of a victim of Adolfo Constanzo cult. Japanese doom metal band Church of Misery reference <mask> in their song "El Padrino" (Godfather, in Spanish). It appears on their Houses of the Unholy album, each song being about a serial killer/mass murderer. Danish Psych Rock/Noise Rock band Narcosatanicos is allegedly named after the cult headed by <mask>. In the film Perdita Durango, two white American teenagers are kidnapped by Hispanic criminals (escaped from the DEA), who attempt a Santeria human sacrifice. Podcasts

 "Adolfo Constanzo: The Narcosatanists & The Matamoros Cult Killings", Lights Out Podcast.March 26, 2021. <mask> <mask> was the focus of the 1st episode of Unexplained Realms the podcast, titled, Devils Ranch . http://unexplainedrealms.com/
 The Last Podcast on the Left – Episodes 430-432
"Los Narcosatanicos Murders", This is Awful. February 25, 2021. https://www.thisisawfulpod.com/1435477/8026693-los-narcosatanicos-murders
Parcast Cults did a two episode story on <mask> and the Narcosatanists, released on June 19 and 26, 2018. https://www.parcast.com/cults
"Los Narcosatanicos", Leyendas Legendarias. released on May 19, 2019. https://open.spotify.com/episode/2tOq8uTF0lERaKCd339G8Y?si=A4ASjmfASUeh8klgNUP8HA&dl_branch=1
"Narcosatanica". Released on September 2021.
https://convoynetwork.com/narcosatanica

See also
List of serial killers by country
List of serial killers by number of victims

References

External links
Crime Library 2 another Court TV article on the "Death Priests"
 <mask> <mask> at IMDb

American drug traffickers
American occultists
American people of Cuban descent
Puerto Rican people of Cuban descent
People from Miami
Mexican serial killers
Male serial killers
Deaths by firearm in Mexico
1962 births
1989 suicides
Crimes involving Satanism or the occult
Former Roman Catholics
Suicides by firearm in Mexico

masks:
Adolfo de Jesús Constanzo
Constanzo
Adolfo Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Adolfo
Constanzo
Constanzo
Adolfo
Constanzo


title: Paddy Holohan

texts:
Patrick "<mask><mask> (born 3 May 1988) is an Irish politician and retired mixed martial artist who notably competed in the flyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional MMA competitor from 2007 until his retirement in 2016, Holohan also competed for the promotion Cage Contender and was a competitor on The Ultimate Fighter 18. Early and personal life
<mask>'s mother was placed in a Magdalene Laundry before he was born following the loss of two previous children. For part of his childhood Holohan resided with a maternal aunt in Belfast, Northern Ireland. During this time Holohan experienced the final years of the Troubles. <mask>'s maternal grandfather was his father figure; his grandfather was a member of the Defence Forces and Holohan credits his grandfather with instilling in him discipline and morality. Holohan became a father at age 19.He has two sons and one daughter. His eldest son is named Tiernan, after the Irish comedian Tommy Tiernan, whom Holohan credits with keeping his morale up during tough periods in his life. His son Séamus Patrick was born in 2018 and daughter Féile in 2021 with his partner Chelsea Hudson. Holohan released an autobiography, Hooligan, in 2019. Mixed martial arts career
After a successful career in Ireland where he compiled an undefeated 9-0-1 record, it was revealed in August 2013 that <mask> was selected to be a participant on The Ultimate Fighter 18. He faced Josh Hill for his fight to get in the house. Holohan was repeatedly taken down and had no answer for the top game of Hill and ended up losing by decision.<mask> made his official promotional debut in the Ultimate Fighting Championship against Josh Sampo on 19 July 2014 at UFC Fight Night 46. <mask> won the fight via a rear-naked choke submission midway through the first round. He was scheduled to face Louis Gaudinot on 4 October 2014 at UFC Fight Night 54. However, Gaudinot pulled out of the bout due to injury and was replaced by promotional newcomer Chris Kelades. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. The performance earned both participants Fight of the Night honours. <mask> faced Shane Howell on 18 January 2015, at UFC Fight Night 59.He won via unanimous decision. He returned to the cage on 18 July 2015, to face Vaughan Lee on 18 July 2015 at UFC Fight Night 72. He won via unanimous decision. <mask> next fought Louis Smolka on 24 October 2015 at UFC Fight Night 76. <mask> lost by second round submission after taking a series of shots and then giving up his back, opening a window for Smolka to lock in the rear naked choke for the victory. <mask> was expected to face Willie Gates on 8 May 2016 at UFC Fight Night 87. However, on 25 April, he abruptly announced his retirement, citing Factor XIII deficiency, a rare blood disorder.He was replaced on the card by Yuta Sasaki. Political career
<mask> was elected to South Dublin County Council for Sinn Féin at the 2019 local elections in May 2019. Podcast controversies
In a 7 January 2020 episode of "<mask>han's No Shame Podcast", <mask> criticised the Taoiseach Leo Varadkar over his party's intention to commemorate the Black and Tans. <mask> accused Varadkar of not understanding the society of Ireland and the history of Ireland, and of being detached from the classes of Ireland, due to his father and grandfather's Indian ethnicity. <mask> stated that when he was growing up, he was raised on stories by his own grandfather about the history of Ireland, and said that Varadkar would have instead been raised "on stories of the rebellion in India, in the idea of fighting the English there, and Gandhi and all these other stories." He also stated he would like the leader of the country to be a "family man," and to know "what it is like to have kids," in reference to Varadkar's homosexuality. On 16 January, as the 2020 Irish general election campaign was underway, <mask> was called upon by his party to apologize for his remarks.He issued an apology later the same day. In response, Varadkar accepted the apology, stating "I understand that he has apologised in the last few hours and you know that’s good enough for me." Sinn Féin party leader Mary Lou McDonald also stated that she was satisfied with the apology and there would be no further action needed. On 17 January, it emerged that <mask> had previously made comments on his podcast regarding the alleged use of sexual extortion by underage girls, whereby he claimed he had been told that teenage girls were deliberately targeting men, engaging in sexual relationships and recording evidence of same, and then threatening them with extortion of up to €10,000. Mary Lou McDonald described the comments as “beyond offensive, I actually find them upsetting”. She announced that “I have moved immediately to the party’s disciplinary procedures, and disciplinary action will be taken”. Sinn Féin announced that afternoon that <mask> had been suspended from the party and was to face disciplinary procedures.Nomination for Mayor of South Dublin
On 26 June 2020 it was announced that <mask>'s suspension from Sinn Féin had been recently lifted and he had been reinstated to the party. The same day as his suspension was lifted, he was nominated for the position of Mayor of South Dublin by members of South Dublin County Council, but was not elected. Sinn Féin were criticised for allowing the nomination to occur, and senior figures in the party such as Pearse Doherty and Eoin O'Broin called <mask>'s nomination "regrettable" and "wrong". On 6 July Sinn Féin suspended their entire South West Dublin organisation as a result of the Holohan nomination, a suspension that will remain until an internal review on the nomination is completed. Second disciplinary action and departure from Sinn Féin
In March 2021, Sinn Féin once again took disciplinary action against <mask> after <mask> refused a request to take down a Facebook post supporting a salon owner who reopened in breach of COVID-19 restrictions. Pearse Doherty explained the situation to the Irish Independent's Floating Voter podcast: "This fella made a comment, we told him that comment isn’t in keeping with the party’s view, we told him to withdraw it, he isn’t doing so, there’s a disciplinary procedure, the party will deal with that”. Later that month, it was revealed that <mask> had chosen not to renew his party membership and was now an independent councillor.

masks:
Paddy
" Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Paddy Holo
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan
Holohan


title: Marius Nasta

texts:
<mask> (4 December 1890 – 6 April 1965) was a Romanian physician and scientist renowned for his work in the field of tuberculosis. He was a titular member of the Romanian Academy and President of the Union of Societies of Medical Sciences. He reduced mortality from tuberculosis in Romania and played a leading role in the development of a national strategy involving the research, prophylaxis and treatment of tuberculosis, as well as the establishment of a network of sanatoria and clinics for the treatment of pulmonary diseases in Romania. <mask> laid the foundations for the teaching of modern epidemiology of tuberculosis, set up the first Chair of Phthisiology at the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine and fostered research in the field of bacteriology. He founded and directed a leading hospital and research center in the field of respiratory medicine called Institutul de Ftiziologie. In 1959, his career was cut short by the communist regime that "exposed" him for his "cosmopolitan behavior". After the fall of communism in Romania in 1989, his contributions to the scientific, medical and academic field were once again recognised and the institute was renamed Institutul de Pneumoftiziologie Marius <mask> in his honour.He is regarded as "one of the fathers of the care, treatment, and study of tuberculosis of the lung in Romania". Early life and education

<mask> was born in Bucharest in 1890. He was the third of four children born to Alexandru and Irina <mask>. Alexandru <mask>, a civil servant, had Aromanians origins. Alexandru's wife Irina (born Constantinidis), descended from a Greek family which counted linguists, writers and diplomats among its members. The early death of Alexandru <mask> in 1895, caused the family to fall on hard times and forced Irina to teach piano lessons in order to support and raise her four children. His mother's hardship, left a powerful impression on the young <mask> whose hard work and modesty were to become hallmarks of his life.After attending primary school in Bucharest between 1896 and 1900, <mask> entered Gheorghe Lazăr High School, then one of the Romanian capital's leading secondary schools, from where he graduated in 1908. That same year, he enrolled as a medical student at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Bucharest. Ioan Cantacuzino and the "Cantacuzino School"

At the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine, <mask> was taught by Ioan Cantacuzino who took him under his wing and who had a major influence on his early professional career and personal life. An outgoing and complex personality, Cantacuzino combined outstanding teaching with a passion for rigorous scientific research, a vast clinical experience, and wider interests which included music and the etchings of baroque French printmakers. Inspired by Élie Metchnikoff (on whose staff he had served for several years at the Pasteur Institute), Cantacuzino's courses explored new areas of experimental medicine and offered his students the opportunity to carry out cutting edge fundamental scientific research in a laboratory that he set up in 1901 within the confines of the Bucharest-based Institute of Pathology and Bacteriology. As early as 1904, Cantacuzino's laboratory engaged in the production of the anti-streptococcal serum followed, in 1906, by the production of the Anti-Dysentery (Shiga) serum as well as the production of other vaccines to combat diseases such as cholera and typhus. By integrating Cantacuzino's team, <mask> joined a group whose members left an indelebile mark on the Romanian scientific and medical world.Also known as "Cantacuzino School" or "Cantacuziniști", early members of the school included Alexandru Slătineanu (Cantacuzino's deputy), Ștefan Irimescu (regarded as the founder of Romanian pneumo-phthisiology and a member of the Romanian Academy) and Mihai Ciucă (a leading bacteriologist of his time and member of the Romanian Academy and of the Royal Society). They were followed by other distinguished personalities such as Constantin Ionescu-Mihăești (a leading bacteriologist and immunologist, a member of the Romanian Academy),  (a veterinary physician, member of the Romanian Academy), Daniel Danielopolu (a leading physiologist, clinician and pharmacologist, member of the Romanian Academy), , Gheorghe Zotta, Ion Bălteanu, , and Nicolae Gh. Lupu. Early career
During his medical studies, <mask> worked as a medical extern at the Eforia Spitalelor Civile between 1911 and 1913 and as a medical intern at the "Brâncoveanu" hospital in Bucharest between 1913 and 1918. His internship was interrupted by the Second Balkan War and by World War I (see Military service section). After graduating from the Faculty of Medicine with top marks in 1918, <mask> worked and studied at the Pasteur Institute between 1918 and 1920. His worked in France earned him several French medals including the Legion of Honour (see Orders and Medals section) and on his return in 1921, he took up the position of assistant researcher at the Institute for Serum and Vaccines, renamed that year Cantacuzino Institute.The latter was now state funded and its work was considered critical for the Romanian health service. It combined scientific research in fields such as microbiology, experimental pathology, epidemiology and hygiene with the production of vaccines to protect against a number of human diseases such as intestinal infections, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, typhus, and malaria. In 1926, <mask> was appointed head of the newly created tuberculosis section at the Cantacuzino Institute. That same year, he spent several months in Paris, working at the  and in the laboratory of Albert Calmette. In 1927, a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation enabled him to travel to the United States where he visited and worked in several treatment centers including at the Saranac Lake center for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Between 1928 and 1934, <mask> continued his scientific research at the Cantacuzino Institute and practiced as a physician specialised in pulmonary diseases at the Casa Asigurărilor Sociale. Later career
After Cantacuzino's death in 1934, <mask> left the Cantacuzino Institute to head a department specialising in the treatment of various forms of tuberculosis and in the surgery of other heavy pulmonary diseases at Pantelimon Hospital in Bucharest.Alongside his clinical practice at Pantelimon Hospital, <mask> worked assiduously on behalf of the "League for the combat against tuberculosis" (see 1920–1939 section), taught at the Faculty of Medicine (see Academic career section), and carried out outpatient consultations at Filaret Hospital and in his own private practice. In 1944, he moved from Pantelimon Hospital to Filaret Hospital where he taught and practiced as head of clinic until 1949. That year, he founded the "Institutul de Ftiziologie" and served as its director until his forced retirement in 1959. Academic career
<mask>'s academic career started in 1927 when he was appointed assistant lecturer to Ioan Cantacuzino at the Chair of Experimental Medicine of the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Medicine. Promoted to lecturer in 1930, he set up the chair of phthisiology at the Faculty of Medicine in 1943, when he became an associate professor. He was appointed a full professor in 1946. <mask> lectured both in and outside Romania.He was a regular speaker at various TB conferences organised by the Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease in Western and Eastern Europe (France, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, Poland, and Czechoslovakia), the Soviet Union,  and India. In the 1950s, he spent several months lecturing at various universities in China at the invitation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Research
<mask>'s research, carried out either by himself or in teams, covered the most important fields of phthisiology such as bacteriology, immunology and the physiophathology of respiratory diseases. In the field of tuberculosis, his research focused on the immunology of the disease, mycobacterium tuberculosis, vaccines (Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine or BCG) as well as on the detection, chemotherapy, pathology of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. <mask>'s research on experimental chemoprophylaxis and immuno-prophylaxis of tuberculosis was cutting edge. It enabled the introduction of specific and practical methods for the prevention of the disease throughout Romania. He also studied tuberculosis and bronchopathy in specific living and working environments and established a link between such environments and the proliferation of these diseases.Role in campaigns against tuberculosis

1920–1939

Until the late 1920s, the campaign to combat tuberculosis in Romania was carried out mainly through non governmental organisations such as the "Society for the prophylaxis of tuberculosis and the aid of poor tuberculosis patients" and the "Society for the combat of tuberculosis in children" which relied on private financial contributions to provide care. In 1926, Ioan Cantacuzino appointed <mask> as the head of a new section within the Cantacuzino Institute in charge of developing anti-tuberculosis vaccines (see Early career section). That same year, working in close partnership with Albert Calmette's laboratory in Paris, the Cantacuzino team was responsible for the introduction of the BCG vaccine in Romania. As a result of that significant development and within a few years, Romania had the second highest number of vaccinated children in Europe (170,000 in 1930, second only to France with 600,000 vaccinated children). <mask> became a champion for compulsory BCG vaccination of children in Romania. In 1930, Professor Cantacuzino appointed him as the Secretary General of the Society for the Study of Tuberculosis. The latter organised the first national conferences on the subject of tuberculosis and published the "Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Tuberculosis" between 1930 and 1948.At the Society for the Study of Tuberculosis conferences in 1931 and 1933, Cantacuzino pleaded for the establishment of a "League for the combat against tuberculosis" (the "League") which would pool all the main existing structures (both governmental and non-governmental ) through which tuberculosis was being treated. In 1934, the year of Ioan Cantacuzino's death, the League was established by law and received significant funding from the Romanian state as well as from the private sector. Its patron was Romania's King Carol II. Together with Ion Costinescu (President of the League) and Ṣtefan Irimescu (Secretary of the League), <mask> played an important role in the activities of the League. The latter was responsible for building state of the art sanatoria and dispensaries throughout the country (at Balotesti, Moroeni, Dobriṭa, Marila, Vorniceni, Valea Iasului, Alexandria and the Regina Elisabeta dispensary in Bucharest), for launching major tuberculosis awareness programs (through advertising campaigns, lecture programs and radio broadcasts), and for championing the introduction of special medical insurance cover against tuberculosis. A further contribution of the League consisted in an expansion of existing prophylactic and treatment techniques to combat tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases (e.g. mass civilian screenings with mobile X ray machines were conducted among young pupils in schools throughout Bucharest) as well as the establishment of a tuberculosis focused education and training center within the Filaret Hospital.As a direct result of the League's work, hospital beds dedicated to the treatment of tuberculosis in Romania increased from 1925 to 6743 between 1934 and 1939. 1946–1959

In the aftermath of World War II, the League was renamed the "Direction of Tuberculosis" ("DT") and became a department of the Ministry of Health under the newly installed communist regime. The DT's task was to bring TB under control. With the support of the Ministry of Health, Nasta set up the Institutul de Ftiziologie (the "IF") in 1949. The IF operated alongside the Filaret Hospital and had a branch in Cluj (headed by Leon Daniello) and one in Iasi (headed by Nicolae Bumbacescu). It included several departments and sections: research department, clinical unit for patient care, teaching department for post-graduate medical students and a section dedicated to the launch of TB awareness campaigns and to the liaison with other medical units throughout the country. In 1950, the IF launched the "National Program for the Control of TB" (the "Program").The implementation of the Program during that decade resulted in a significant increase in the number of trained pulmonary surgeons from 70 (in the 1940s) to over 1300

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title: Marius Nasta

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 (by 1960) as well as in an increase in the number of TB clinics in the country (these increased fivefold). Radiography services to detect TB were also introduced in clinics and hospitals throughout the country. By the end of the 1950s and in less than ten years, mortality due to tuberculosis went down from 180 to 35 per 100,000 inhabitants and the incidence of the disease went down from over 800 to 330 per 100,000 inhabitants. In recognition for his contributions to medicine, <mask> was elected President of the Union of the Societies of Medical Sciences in 1950. In 1953, <mask> was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy. He became a titular member in 1955. Personal life
<mask> married Lucia "Loulou" Bǎicoianu in 1922.Lucia's father was Constantin Băicoianu, a leading Romanian economist and banker and her maternal grandfather was Petre Aurelian. The marriage produced four children. <mask> formed lifelong friendships with other members of the "Cantacuzino School" (see Ioan Cantacuzino and the "Cantacuzino School" section). Some, like him, were full-time residents at the Cantacuzino Institute and raised families within its confines. <mask>'s life was further enriched by artists and writers who socialised with members of the Cantacuzino School. He and his wife Lucia, counted among their friends the painters Jean Steriadi, Theodor Pallady, and Dumitru Ghiață, the sculptors Milița Petrașcu and Ion Jalea, the musician Vasile Jianu, the philosopher Dimitrie Cuclin, and the literary critic Alice Voinescu. The writer Panait Istrati, a TB sufferer, became a friend of the <mask> family after receiving much needed medical assistance from <mask> at the Filaret hospital in the final years of his life.In 1913, <mask> befriended Vladimir Ghika, then a volunteer streatcher-bearer in the Zimnicea pest house (see Military service section). Ghika's faith (he converted from orthodoxy to Catholicism and, after his death in a communist prison, was declared a martyr of the Catholic Church and beatified by Pope Francis) had a profound impact on the <mask> family and led to <mask>'s conversion to Catholicism. Many of these friends and their close families perished in communist prisons or were, like the Nastas, subjected to various forms of persecution by the new regime. On a spiritual level, <mask> developed a set of beliefs based on his lifelong experiences treating patients and on the inspiration that he drew from the writings of two of his favorite authors: Michel de Montaigne and Sir Thomas Browne. Faith, hope and charity, as described in Browne's Religio Medici, defined Nasta's attitude towards his patients. Michel de Montaigne's goal, as stated in his "Essays", of describing himself with utter frankness and honesty ("bonne foi") guided Nasta in his continuous quest for self-improvement and in his desire for living "with a purpose". Military service
<mask> served in the Second Balkan War (1913), in World War I (1916) and its immediate aftermath (1919), as well as in World War II (1944).At the end of the Second Balkan War during the summer of 1913, hundreds of Romanian combatants died due to a sudden outbreak of cholera. Victor Babeș (the Romanian physician, academician and professor, considered as one of the founders of microbiology) and Ioan Cantacuzino were tasked by the Romanian Government with taking immediate measures to stop the cholera epidemic from spreading to the rest of the Romanian armed forces and to the civilian population. Cantacuzino and his deputies (Constantin Ionescu-Mihăesti, Mihai Ciucă, and Alexandru Slătineanu) were instrumental in setting up several mobile hospitals and pest houses which were used to treat patients and vaccinate the entire IVth Romanian army corps. <mask> served as a first sergeant physician in the pest house at Zimnicea. Known as the "Zimnicea team", <mask> and his young colleagues saved countless lives and earned several military medals for their service and bravery (see "Personal life" and "Orders and Medals"). In 1916, during World War I, Cantacuzino's laboratory was converted into the Institute of Serums and Vaccines of the Romanian Army. Its staff, including <mask>, was responsible for the production of cholera, typhus, and TB vaccines distributed to the Romanian, Russian, and Allied Mission in the Balkans.In the immediate aftermath of World War I during 1919, Cantacuzino (now the head of the Romanian Red Cross) was asked by the French government to rescue members of a Romanian army unit who were placed in quarantine at the Casale di Altamura in Puglia, Italy. The unit suffered from an outbreak of cholera which had already killed over 600 of its members. Cantacuzino dispatched <mask> and several of his colleagues to Italy to rescue the survivors. Their intervention achieved its purpose and, as in 1913, earned <mask> several medals (see "Orders and Medals"). During World War II, between 1941 and 1944, <mask> was enrolled as a Major in the Romanian Army Medical Corps. In 1944, he led the Romanian capital's first aid teams during the aerial bombardments by the Nazis and the Allied Forces. Persecution by the communist regime and death
Given the success of the "National Program for the Control of TB", the communist regime was keen to showcase its results outside Romania.<mask> was permitted to travel on lecture tours outside Romania (see Academic career section). He was convinced of the importance of microbial genetics in his field and increasingly critical of some of the influential Romanian scientists who favored Trofim Lysenko's pseudo scientific ideas. He was also appalled by the abuses perpetrated by the regime on geneticists who were followers of Mendelian genetics. <mask> favored the introduction of new methods for the detection of TB based on chemo-prophylaxis, and became increasingly concerned about the excessive use of outdated X ray machines which had damaging side effects on patients. This brought him in direct conflict with Voinea Marinescu, the communist Minister of Health, who viewed such concerns as criticisms. Although supported by the communist regime in his professional endeavors, <mask> was regarded with suspicion as he remained politically unaffiliated (unlike some of his distinguished peers, he refused to join the ranks of the Romanian Communist Party) and was married to someone whom the communists regarded as a former member of the "landowning class". By the end of the 1950s, Romania's Stalinist rulers felt increasingly threatened by the changes in leadership in the Soviet Union and by possible internal unrest following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.A new terror wave followed in Romania and included reprisals aimed at those who were suspected of criticism against the regime. In this context, <mask>'s scientific views, his personal profile, his circle of friends (see Personal life section) and his frequent travels on scientific missions outside Romania were used against him by the communists. In 1958, the Romanian Department of State Security (the "Securitate") opened a secret investigation on <mask> who was suspected of being an agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service recruited in Switzerland during a lecture tour earlier that year. Close surveillance of both him and his immediate family for several years found no evidence to support the Securitate's suspicion. In April 1959, <mask> and his wife were publicly shamed and "exposed" during one of the leading show trials of the decade. The accusations leveled against them consisted in "making disparaging comments against the popular-democratic regime and against socialism, listening to imperialist radio stations, and spreading rumors and insults against the foreign policy of the Soviet Union". The "sentence" applied following the "trial", consisted in him being stripped of all his teaching and managerial positions.Deeply affected by the persecutions both him and his family were subjected to, <mask> developed terminal cancer in 1963 and died in Bucharest in April 1965. Rehabilitation and legacy
At the time of <mask>'s death in 1965, Romania boasted a school of phthisiology of international renown. At its centre was the Institute of Phthisiology (the "Institute"). Thousands of doctors taught and trained by <mask> and his team over several decades, now worked in hospitals and clinics throughout Romania in cities such as Cluj, Iași, Târgu Mureș, and Timișoara, where over 30,000 beds (compared to only 3,500 in 1945) were reserved for patients suffering from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB. One of <mask>'s other major contributions was the establishment in 1951 of the "Phthisiology Section" of the Society for Medical Sciences. The Phthisiology Section evolved into the "Society of Phthisiology" part of the "Union of the Society of Medical Sciences" (today's "Romanian Medical Association"). The Society of Phthisiology continued to pursue the aims of the Society for the Study of Tuberculosis set up by Professor Cantacuzino in the 1930s: raising the standards of clinicians and researchers alike, the development of prophylaxis to combat TB and all other pulmonary diseases, publication of an authoritative journal in the field.The fall of communism in Romania in 1989 enabled the Romanian scientific and medical community to acknowledge <mask> as "the founder of modern Romanian phthisiology". The centenary of his birth in 1990 was marked in Bucharest by the renaming of the "Institute of Phthisiology" as the "Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology". The Institute remains to this day a leading hospital, teaching and research centre in the field of pulmonary diseases, which includes the Pneumology Clinic of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Current and former staff of the Institute include Constantin Anastasatu (a physician, member of the Romanian Academy and former head of the "Marius Nasta Institute"),  (a thoracic surgeon considered the founder of Romanian thoracic surgery), Al. Bulla, I.P. Stoicescu, Miron Bogdan (a physician and member of the Romanian Academcy of Medical Sciences), Florin Mihălțan, Ștefan Rujinski, and Claudia Toma to name but a few. The Society of Phthisiology set up by <mask> is now called the "Romanian Society of Pneumology" ("RSP").It includes over half of Romania's pneumologists and works closely with international bodies such as the European Respiratory Society. The RSP's journal continues to be published to this day under the name "Pneumologia". Main publications
<mask>'s research was published both in and outside Romania in over 300 scientific articles which he wrote or co-wrote with his collaborators. He authored several courses on phthisiology which he taught at the Faculty of Medicine. He wrote several biographical studies as well as several studies setting out an overview of the state of research of TB at particular points in time. <mask> also directed several academic journals such as the "Bulletin of the Society for the Study of Tuberculosis" and the "Journal of the Romanian Society of Pneumology". Monographic studies
"The Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis"
"Treaty on Tuberculosis" (vol.1 and 2)
"Bronchopulmonary tumours"
"Morphopathology of tuberculosis"

Biographical studies
"Robert Koch and the tuberculosis bacillus"
"René Laennec"
"Victor Babeș"

Academic courses

"Phthisiology Course"
"Phthisiology Manual"

Other works
"TB in the industrial environment"
"TB in the rural environment"
"The combat against TB in Romania"

Orders and medals
For his actions both in and outside the theaters of war, <mask> received numerous medals and awards. Set out below is a list of the most important ones:
Ordinul Coroana României (Order of the Crown); Romania
Medalia pentru bărbăție și credință (Medal for Manhood and Faith); Romania
Ordinul Virtutea Militară (Order of Military Virtue); Romania
Crucea "Meritul Sanitar" (Health Merit Cross); Romania
Légion d'honneur; France
Médaille d'honneur des épidémies (Medal of Honour of the Outbreaks); France
Medalia Om de Știință Emerit (Distinguished scientist medal); Romania
Ordinul Muncii (Order of Work); Romania
Premiul de Stat (Prize of the Romanian State); Romania

References

External links

1890 births
1965 deaths
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy faculty
Romanian pulmonologists
Romanian people of Greek descent
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Gheorghe Lazăr National College (Bucharest) alumni
University of Bucharest alumni
Physicians from Bucharest
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Recipients of the Military Virtue Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Romanian military doctors
Romanian public health doctors
Deaths from cancer in

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title: Richard Kingson

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<mask> (born 13 June 1978) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He currently serves as a goalkeeper coach for the Ghana national football team. He is also known by his Turkish name Faruk Gürsoy and sometimes by the surname Kingston, which is the surname he used in his UEFA registration. and also the surname of his brother Laryea Kingston. The different spelling of the surnames is due to "irregularity on his identity documents". Even in his native Ghana, he was quoted as "the man who got the 't' off his surname". After leaving his home country, he played for several clubs in Turkey, for Hammarby in Sweden, and in England for Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic and Blackpool, who released him at the end of the 2010–11 season.<mask> was the vice-captain for the Ghana national football team. He holds both a Ghanaian passport and a Turkish passport. Club career

Turkey
<mask> left his native Accra in 1996 to pursue a career in Turkey, where he represented six different clubs, and became a naturalised citizen, taking a Turkish name, Faruk Gürsoy, coming from Faruk Süren and Ergun Gürsoy. His first club in Turkey was Galatasaray S.K., whom he signed for in December 1996 but did not play a single game. On 2004–05 season when he played with Galatasaray again, he was suspended from football for six months after a failed doping test. Birmingham City
After a three-month period on loan to Swedish club Hammarby IF, he drew attention from other clubs in Europe, including Aalborg, Maccabi Tel Aviv and Birmingham City, eventually joining the latter. On 28 August 2007, <mask> made his debut for Birmingham in a League Cup third round tie against Hereford United.He played once in the Premier League, in a 2–0 defeat to Portsmouth in caretaker manager Eric Black's only game in charge. At the end of the season, co-owner David Sullivan blamed the club's relegation on the quality of previous manager Steve Bruce's signings, branding <mask> a "complete waste of space". <mask> was disappointed and angered by the perceived unfairness of Sullivan's reaction, saying that "an older person, in his position, has to speak maturely. He has to be a responsible man as co-owner to speak well and set an example to younger people." The player's contract, which still had one year to run, was cancelled by mutual consent at the end of the 2007–08 season. Wigan Athletic
<mask> joined up with former manager Steve Bruce when he signed for Wigan Athletic on 12 September 2008. He was given the number 22 shirt, the same number as he wears for Ghana.He made his first-team debut in the FA Cup third round tie against Tottenham Hotspur, where his side lost 3–1. He made his first Premier League appearance for the club when he replaced the injured Chris Kirkland after 10 minutes of the away match against West Bromwich Albion on 9 May 2009. He saved a penalty from Chris Brunt, but Brunt was able to score from the rebound, and the game ended as a 3–1 defeat. He was released after his contract expired at Wigan at the end of the 2009–10 season

Blackpool
Following his release by Wigan Athletic, he signed for Premier League newcomers Blackpool in September 2010. He made his debut for the Seasiders in a 3–2 defeat to Aston Villa on 10 November 2010. Following an injury to first-choice goalkeeper Matthew Gilks, <mask> had an extended run in the first team. On 26 May 2011, <mask> was released, along with several other Blackpool players.Doxa Katokopias
After two years out of the game, <mask> signed a one-year deal for Cypriot First Division club Doxa Katokopias in July 2013. He made his debut on the opening day of the league season, keeping a clean sheet as his team beat Nea Salamis 2–0. Balıkesirspor
In January 2014, <mask> returned to Turkey, to play for Turkish second-tier side Balıkesirspor on a half-year plus two years deal. Great Olympics
In 2015, <mask> was signed in a short-term contract by Great Olympics. The following year, <mask> stated he still dreamed of playing for Asante Kotoko before retiring and it was reported that he would be signed for the team, which was later denied. International career

<mask> was the starting goalkeeper of the Ghana national football team, and was called up for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations and the 2010 FIFA World Cup. During the 2006 World Cup, the Ghanaian FA stated that his name is Kingston; however, the player's shirt used the correct spelling of his name, as confirmed by <mask> himself.He was voted as an All-Star Goalkeeper during the 2008 African Cup of Nations Tournament in Ghana. The Team of the Tournament was decided by the Technical Study Group (TSG) after careful observations of all the tournament's matches. In 2008, he scored a goal for Ghana in a friendly – a late equaliser in a 1–1 draw against Tanzania. As first-choice goalkeeper and team captain he was instrumental in leading Ghana to the final of the 2010 tournament, and was again selected for the all-star team along with Egypt goalkeeper Essam El-Hadary. In the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, <mask> was selected in Ghana's opening game against Serbia, who had Vladimir Stojković, <mask>'s fellow goalkeeper at Wigan Athletic in goal on the other side, keeping a clean sheet in The Black Stars 1–0 victory. In his next game he made a mistake in the 11th minute to give the lead to Australia in a group game which finished 1–1. His final group game ended in a narrow 1–0 defeat to Germany, but the team still qualified for the knock-out stages.In the match of 16 versus USA, he was voted Turkish Airlines Top of the Match after making several saves in the 2–1 extra time victory. The team then moved on to the Quarter Finals, where a goal was prevented by Uruguayan player, Luis Suarez and which awarded Ghana a penalty kick. Ghana striker Asamoah Gyan missed the penalty kick and Ghana ultimately lost the game in a penalty shootout. Personal life
<mask> is the brother of Laryea Kingston, who was also a member of the Ghana national team. He is a naturalised citizen of Turkey and his Turkish name is Faruk Gürsoy. <mask> is married to Adelaide Tawiah. The ceremony took place in Ghana.<mask>'s national teammates Asamoah Gyan and John Paintsil were among the guests at the wedding. In 2012 a controversy arose when <mask>'s wife during a prayer deliverance at the Synagogue Church Of All Nations Church of T. B. Joshua in Nigeria confessed that she had used spirits to destroy <mask>'s career and rendered him impotent. <mask> defended his wife by saying that it was not she who spoke but a spirit that spoke through her. Coaching career
After <mask> retired, he went into coaching. In May 2017, he was appointed as the goal keeper's coach for the Ghana national football team. In 2019, he was relieved of duties along with the whole technical team. After a reshuffle of the technical national teams, he was appointed as the goal keeper's coach of the Ghana A' national football team in June 2021.<mask> also served as goal keeper's coach for his former club Accra Great Olympics in January 2021, when Yaw Preko served as the interim head coach. The following month, he joined Accra Hearts of Oak to serve in that same capacity for an interim period. On 4 August 2021, he was reassigned to the Ghana national team as the goal keeper's coach. Career statistics

International goals

Honours

Ghana
Africa Cup of Nations Silver Medal: 2010
Africa Cup of Nations Bronze Medal: 2008

References

External links

 Birmingham City FC profile

 Wigan Athletic Profile

1978 births
Sportspeople from Accra
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
Turkish people of Ghanaian descent
Association football goalkeepers
Ghana international footballers
Ghanaian expatriate footballers
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Hammarby Fotboll players
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Ankaraspor footballers
Göztepe S.K. footballers
Elazığspor footballers
Antalyaspor footballers
Sakaryaspor footballers
Birmingham City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C.players
Blackpool F.C. players
Doxa Katokopias FC players
Balıkesirspor footballers
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Ghana
2006 FIFA World Cup players
1996 African Cup of Nations players
1998 African Cup of Nations players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
Allsvenskan players
Premier League players
Süper Lig players
TFF First League players
Cypriot First Division players
Accra Great Olympics F.C. players
Doping cases in association football
Ghanaian sportspeople in doping cases
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Naturalized citizens of Turkey
Accra Great Olympics F.C. non-playing staff
Accra Hearts of Oak S.C. non-playing staff

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title: Palash Baran Pal

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<mask> (Bengali: পলাশ বরন পাল Palāś <mask>āl, born : 1955) is an Indian theoretical physicist, an Emeritus Professor in the Physics Department of Science College, Calcutta University, Kolkata, a writer, a linguist and a poet. His main area of research is Particle Physics. His works in the area of neutrino physics and relativistic treatment of particle properties in matter are well recognized in the particle physics community. Apart from his scientific contributions, he has authored well known text books in physics as well as several popular science literature in Bengali to popularize science. Early life

Born to <mask> and Niva Pal on 4 September 1955, <mask> is the eldest of three siblings. He did his schooling from BE College Model School at Howrah. He received his bachelor's degree in Physics from Presidency College, Kolkata (affiliated to Calcutta University, Calcutta, India) in 1975 and master's degree in Physics from the renowned Science College campus of Calcutta University, Calcutta, India in 1979.He then moved to United States for further studies. He received his Doctorate Degree from Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States in the year 1983. After that, he was associated with University of Maryland, University of Massachusetts, University of Oregon and University of Texas respectively as post-doctoral fellow before he came back to India in 1994. Career

After he returned to India, <mask> took up professorship at Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore, India in 1994 where he stayed till 1997 before he moved to Kolkata. He then joined the Theory Division of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata where he remained in service till September 2017. He is now an Emeritus Professor in the Physics Department of Calcutta University, Kolkata. <mask> <mask> has worked in various branches of modern physics.Primarily a particle physicist, his works encompass studies in the
standard model of particle physics. Some of his pioneering works are particularly
focused on the topic of massive neutrinos, whose theoretical basis
requires physics beyond the standard model. His original contributions to the field of neutrino physics include calculation of Feynman diagrams for Majorana fermions., determination of properties of fermions in matters and magnetic fields, and a quantum field
theoretic reworking of Lincoln Wolfenstein's formula predicting the properties of
neutrino oscillation in presence of matter. His review on the neutrino physics gives a lucid description of the
solar neutrino problem which appeals to a wider class of physicists. Apart from his contributions to neutrino physics, <mask> has done important work related to grand unification theory
and statistical field theory (popularly called thermal field theory). Some of his works deal with the
quantum field theoretic calculations of self-energies of photon and neutrino in a
background of charged particles (as electrons, positrons or charged weak gauge bosons) in thermal equilibrium. Pal has also ventured
into calculations where the background for various elementary particle
processes includes a thermal bath of charged particles in presence of
constant magnetic field.<mask> <mask> is also well known for his teaching and has taught various topics of modern physics in the teaching program of Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics. Most of the material he has taught have been later turned into books which includes subjects like particle physics, statistical physics and quantum field theory. Except these books <mask> B<mask> and Rabindra N. Mohapatra have written the book titled "Massive neutrinos in physics and astrophysics", which is a standard text for both newcomers and old practitioners working in the field of neutrino physics or astroparticle physics. <mask> started contributing to Bengali literature through popular science articles from as early as 1988. Eight such books and many other articles published in several magazines show his enthusiasm to reach out to an individual who has any scientific curiosity. His other writings in Bengali, which include several articles on Bengali phonetics, orthography and grammar, Bengali translations of poetries written in other foreign languages, such as the ones by Nobel Laureate Pablo Neruda, and folktales for children carry the signature of his varied interests in literature and linguistics. He has received two awards in the field of literature, Rabindra Smriti Puroshkar in 2004 and Ramendra Sundar Smriti Puroshkar in 2011, for his popular-level books Bigyān: byakti jukti somoy somāj (বিজ্ঞান: ব্যক্তি যুক্তি সময় সমাজ) and Einstein-er uttorādhikār (আইনস্টাইনের উত্তরাধিকার), respectively.Books

Besides many scientific papers, <mask> <mask> has written Physics textbooks in English, and popular-level scientific books and pedagogical scientific articles in Bengali. He has translated several poetries written in foreign languages, such as Spanish, French and Japanese, into Bengali. Among these, the Spanish and the French poetries are direct translations made from the original texts, whereas the collection of translation of Japanese Haikus was made from the English translations of these poetries. <mask>'s translation of the Spanish poetries written by Pablo Neruda is one of the first translations of an entire Spanish book into Bengali. Apart from that, <mask> <mask> has also translated several Bengali popular literature by other Bengali literary laureates into English. He has authored books on linguistics and folktales in Bengali. An exhaustive list of the books, authored by him so far, is as follows:

 Academic Books

Popular-level Books

  Translations

 Books on linguistics

Folktales

Software
Palash Pal has developed two latex based packages :
bangtex : for typesetting documents in Bangla using the Tex/Latex systems
pptalk : a Latex-based package for talk presentation

Personal life

<mask> <mask> is married to Shukla Sanyal (শুক্লা সান্যাল), who was a professor of history at Calcutta University and Presidency University Kolkata, respectively, and has one daughter, Shoili <mask> (ৈশলী পাল), and one son, Proyag <mask> (প্রয়াগ পাল).References

External links

 Translated stories by <mask> <mask> Pal
 A review of his book An introductory course of Statistical Mechanics published in Resonance
 A review of his book Hok kothā, হক কথা published in Desh

 Full list of scientific publications by <mask> B. Pal

1955 births
Living people
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
Indian theoretical physicists
Presidency University, Kolkata alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Carnegie Mellon University alumni

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