title: Silambarasan

texts:
 grossly interfered with his duties as a director. Gopi labelled the actor "unprofessional" and stated that he could not recognise the film from his original script. He later apologised for his remarks in late 2011. Cinematographer Madhi also had similar problems with the actor during the making of Silambattam (2008). In 2010, Linguswamy sacked <mask> from the production of Vettai (2012) after the actor suddenly began production on another film, Vaanam, without letting the director know.In reply, <mask> argued that Linguswamy had wasted hundred days of his time without telling him the script of Vettai and called the director "unprofessional". <mask> was later replaced in Vettai by Arya, while he chose to launch another new project titled Vettai Mannan immediately after his removal from Vettai and that movie was also shelved. During the making of Idhu Namma Aalu, the film's production delays meant that director Pandiraj and Silambarasan had difficulties. In July 2014, <mask> had changed his hairstyle in between schedule breaks, leaving Pandiraj unhappy. <mask> subsequently disclosed to the media that Idhu Namma Aalu was his production and that others should not question his involvement in the project. Pandiraj later also publicly clashed with <mask>'s brother, the composer Kuralarasan, stating his annoyance at the delay in providing the film's music. He also defended actress Nayanthara against a complaint made by <mask>'s father to be, producer T. Rajender, and stated the actress had wasted almost two years on the film due to the producers' poor organisation and was still yet to be paid for her work.He further stated that <mask> was insisting an extra "kuthu" number that the script did not warrant and that Rajender, Kuralarasan and <mask> were unnecessarily interested in making sure that the song was included against Pandiraj's wishes. Gautham Vasudev Menon has also spoken out against the actor's lack of punctuality, revealing that the actor failed to turn up for a shoot abroad during the making of Achcham Enbadhu Madamaiyada, prompting a delay in the film's production. However he has also labelled <mask> as an "outstanding actor" and noted his high levels of comfort and trust in <mask>'s ability. Relationship with producers
<mask>'s Anbanavan Asaradhavan Adangadhavan (2017) opened in June 2017 to negative reviews and became a box office failure. Several months after the release, the film's producer Michael Rayappan and director Adhik Ravichandran met the media to criticise the actor's unruly behaviour and interference during the course of the project. They alleged that during the first schedule, production was delayed by two months because several actresses refused to star opposite <mask> knowing his unprofessionalism and that later, the actor insisted that the team shift to a different town from the finalised town of Madurai, as he did not like the warm climate. After moving the shoot to Dindigul, he continued to refuse to shoot in public areas or on Sundays and regularly failed to turn up as per the agreed schedule.They alleged that during the first schedule, <mask> refused to film a song sequence, unfairly requested Shriya Saran to be replaced after she had finished her portions, demanded the shoot to be moved to London from Dubai and made false promises about reducing his body weight as required for the script. During the second schedule, it was alleged that he out-rightly refused to undergo makeup sessions, refused to turn up to shoot on time, demanded a hotel room on the East Coast Road, refused to provide hotel expenses and demanded that a production executive was sacked. <mask> also cancelled the third schedule and demanded that the film was released in two parts against the makers' wishes, while sending his team to Thailand to have leisure time on the producers' money. He later refused to coordinate when completing necessary scenes to make it a two-part film and also half-heartedly provided dubbing work. The producer revealed that out of an agreed schedule of seventy-six days, <mask> only worked on thirty-eight days, meaning that the dates of Tamannaah and Shriya Saran were widely wasted. As a result of the incident, <mask> was widely criticised by his peers in the Tamil film industry. In 2018, the Madras High Court ruled that <mask> had to pay back the money that he received as an advance from the producers at Passion Movie Makers.The ruling was in relation to the actor's failure to turn up for the shoot of a project titled Arasan, directed by Narayan Nagendra Rao, during the development of the film in 2015. Despite reluctance from the director to begin a civil suit, the producers filed a complaint and recovered the advance. In August 2019, producer Suresh Kamatchi announced that he had ousted <mask> from his film Maanaadu owing to the actor's failure to commit to dates properly. The film, which was directed by Venkat Prabhu, had undergone pre-production work for close to a year before <mask>'s exit. <mask> later chose to launch another new project titled Maghaa Maanaadu immediately after his removal from Maanaadu. Along with Michael Rayappan and Suresh Kamatchi, several other producers came forward with an official complaint to the Tamil Film Producers Council about <mask>'s poor punctuality during August 2019. Gnanavel Raja of Studio Green, Vijaya Raghavendra of All in All Pictures, and Madan of Escape Artists Motion Pictures were among those who were keen to get the body to compel the actor to return their advances.Gnanavel Raja had been making an untitled film with the actor directed by Narathar, while Raghavendra had paid the actor a deposit for Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa 2. The actor's films have also languished in development hell since 2011, with the media widely labelling his interference as a reason behind the delays. Vignesh Shivan's Podaa Podi (2012) took four years to complete after production had started, while his next release Vaalu (2015) took three years. Another film, Nelson Dilipkumar's Vettai Mannan, began in November 2010 and was ultimately shelved, with the actor shooting for the film intermittently. Likewise Idhu Namma Aalu and Gautham Menon's Achcham Enbadhu Madamaiyada, began in 2013 and both were released in 2016 after publicised production delays. <mask> has also announced various directorial projects, which have failed to materialise, including Valiban in 2009, Manmadhan 2 in 2012 and an untitled English film in 2017. Relationships with colleagues
<mask> has regularly had differences of opinions with fellow actors in the Tamil film industry.He has had a long-running rivalry with actor Dhanush, which has been widely reported in the media. Initial hostility between the pair began after certain punch dialogues from <mask>'s Manmadhan (2004) had seemed to be directed at Dhanush, including a reference to his sudden rise to fame with Kadhal Kondein (2003) and his marriage to Aishwarya Dhanush, the daughter of leading actor Rajinikanth. When questioned about their rivalry in 2005, <mask> stated that the pair were not friends and that Dhanush failed to reciprocate his pleasantries at a wedding. <mask> continued to take shots at Dhanush through film dialogues in Kaalai (2008) and during the teaser trailer of Vaalu in 2012. Following the widespread acclaim of Dhanush's song, "Why This Kolaveri Di" from 3 (2012), <mask> claimed that he began the trend of writing songs with simple lyrics and releasing single tracks for films, in reference to his "Evan Di Unna Pethan" from Vaanam (2011). He subsequently also recorded, filmed and released a promotional video to his "The Love Anthem" within a month of "Why This Kolaveri Di"'s release. The actor's actions and song were criticised by the media during the period, who felt he purely just wanted to compete with Dhanush.In 2012, the pair reconciled and sorted their difference during an awards ceremony held in Dubai, and later celebrated Dhanush's birthday together. Dhanush dismissed reports that the pair were rivals and stated that misunderstandings had grown as a result of their lack of interaction. Dhanush later offered <mask> the opportunity to feature in a cameo role in his production, Kaaka Muttai (2015). <mask> had a dispute with veteran comedian Goundamani following the release of Manmadhan (2004), with the comedian feeling that the actor had edited out too many of his scenes. In reply, <mask> noted that the cuts were necessary for the pace of the film, while adding that Goundamani as a senior actor, should have known better. During the making of Vallavan (2006), actress Reemma Sen threatened legal action against <mask> after he made changes to the scope of her role in the film. She later stated she regretted her claim and was proud to have won critical acclaim for the character.Actress Lekha Washington was also critical of her experience working with <mask> on the shelved film Kettavan, and noted that she faced harassment on the sets. In 2007, <mask> had a televised spat with actor Babloo Prithiveeraj during the filming of the dance show Jodi Number One, in which <mask> appeared as a judge. The actor argued with Prithveeraj regarding his dancing ability and later stormed out of the sets in tears, before being brought back by the other judges. In early 2011, <mask> and actor Jiiva briefly displayed public enmity after <mask> had talked down the success of Jiiva's Ko (2011). <mask> had walked out of the production of Ko after a photoshoot in early 2010 over creative differences with director K. V. Anand, particularly on the issue of the casting of Karthika Nair as the lead actress. Jiiva publicly called <mask> a "back stabber", though soon both actors decided to stop their respective public name calling. Following the release of Vaanam (2011), actor Bharath expressed his disappointment at being largely left out of the film's promotions and alleged that <mask> had asked the producers to reduce publicity for the film's other actors.Bharath called the incident a "sad phase in his career" and stated he was unsure if he would work with <mask> again. In return, <mask> denied any involvement in the film's promotional strategy and hinted that the film's success was largely dependent on his star image. During the campaigning process for the 2015 Nadigar Sangam elections, <mask> launched a scathing personal attack on actor Vishal during a press conference. <mask> had run for the position of vice-president as a part of Sarathkumar's team, and in a bid to denounce Vishal's credibility for the opposing party, the actor alleged that Vishal had a personal vendetta against Sarathkumar. He further added that Vishal was behaving like a "fox" and ridiculed Vishal's stature to be a part of the election. <mask>'s actions were widely criticised, with Vishal subsequently thanking the actor for tilting public opinion further towards his team. Subsequently, Sarathkumar's team and <mask> unanimously lost in the election

masks: Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan Silambarasan


title: Daniele Amfitheatrof

type: original

texts:
<mask>heatrof (, October 29, 1901 – June 4, 1983) was a Russian-Italian composer and conductor. Early life

Amfitheatrof was born in Saint Petersburg into a family that was distinguished in various areas of the arts and culture. His father Aleksander Amfiteatrov was a noted writer. His mother Illaria (née Sokoloff), an accomplished singer and pianist, had studied privately with Rimsky-Korsakov. His brother Maksim (Massimo) was an internationally renowned cellist, called the "Cellists' Caruso", who worked with Arturo Toscanini and Fabrizio De André. Daniele's early life was one of extreme hardship. In January 1902, at the age of three months, he was removed to Siberia, where his father was imprisoned for publishing anti-Tsarist articles.In 1904 the authorities returned the family to St. Petersburg, after which time they emigrated to Italy. At the age of six, <mask> commenced private music studies with his mother. In 1914, he was accepted as a student by Ottorino Respighi in Rome. Shortly thereafter, however, the family returned to Russia, where <mask> was appointed as political advisor to Alexander Kerensky during the few months that he was prime minister before the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917. In spite of the political and social upheavals of the time, young <mask> received formal instruction in harmony under Nikolai Shcherbachov and Jāzeps Vītols at the Petrograd Conservatory between 1916 and 1918. In 1921, he was permitted to travel to Prague, Czechoslovakia for further study in counterpoint under Jaroslav Křička. After four years of ongoing hardships, the Amfitheatrof family escaped from Soviet Russia.Their perilous crossing through the Gulf of Finland was made in the dead of night. The family returned to Italy in the spring of 1922. <mask> became a naturalised Italian citizen and resumed his formal music training under Respighi. He received his diploma in composition from the Royal Conservatory of Santa Cecilia in Rome in 1924. Composer and conductor

Following his graduation, Amfitheatrof took his place in Italian music circles of the day. In 1924 he was appointed pianist, organist, and assistant choral conductor of the Augusteo Symphony of Rome. Successive appointments included a position as the artistic director of the Italian Radio in Genoa and Trieste (1929–1932), as well as the management of RAI in Turin, where he also conducted many symphony concerts, choral works and operas at the Teatro Regio di Torino (1932–1937).He also traveled extensively throughout Europe, conducting many of the leading orchestras there. Amfitheatrof's success as a composer in his own right was assured early on in his professional career by performances of his concert works, including Poema del mare (1925), Miracolo della rosa (1926) and Christmas Rhapsody for Organ and Orchestra (1928) and American Panorama (1933). Later, he composed his first film score for Max Ophüls' La Signora di tutti (1934). Arrival in the United States of America

Following the premiere of his programmatic work American Panorama (1935), which was conducted by Dimitri Mitropoulos in Turin in 1937, Amfitheatrof was invited by the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra to a position as Mitropoulos's associate for the first two months of the 1937–1938 concert season. Amfitheatrof arrived in the United States with his wife (née May C Semenza), his son, Erik (b. 1931), and daughter, Stella Renata (b. 1934), at New York Harbour on October 21, 1937.His arrival was noted in the New York papers. <mask>'s busy schedule with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra included concerts in regional Minnesota and the province of Manitoba. His appearances were well liked by audiences and received much favourable press. Amfitheatrof also accepted a brief engagement with the Boston Symphony Orchestra at the behest of their conductor, Serge Koussevitsky, in 1938. Hollywood
With World War II imminent in Europe, Amfitheatrof elected to remain in the United States. He relocated his family to California on the recommendation of Boris Morros, then director of music at Paramount Pictures. Amfitheatrof was hired by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios under an exclusive four-year contract (1939–1943).His scores at MGM include those for Lassie Come Home, the first major film of a young Elizabeth Taylor. During his twenty-six years in Hollywood, where he was employed by each of the major studios at one time for another, he composed the scores (often uncredited) for over 50 films, including Letter from an Unknown Woman, The Desert Fox, The Naked Jungle, The Last Hunt, and The Mountain. His final score was written for Major Dundee in 1965. (This score, which was disliked by many, including director Sam Peckinpah, was replaced with a new score by Christopher Caliendo for the reconstructed version, which was released theatrically in 2005; both scores can be heard on the DVD, released later that year). Amfitheatrof was twice nominated for an Oscar for his work on Guest Wife and Song of the South. Amfitheatrof once remarked in written correspondence (citation: private letters) with his friend and colleague, John Steven Lasher, that his career in Hollywood "as a prostitute composer" ultimately tarnished his image as a professional musician. As a result, he was unable to secure commissions or performances of his concert works.Final years
Amfitheatrof returned to Italy in 1959 and lived there for the most part until 1967. He made frequent visits to the United States during the final 15 years of his life. Plans to secure funding for a stage musical called The Staring Match, the production of a film, and the completion of a cello concerto, were all doomed to failure. His final years were spent in relative seclusion in Venice and in Rome, where he died on June 4, 1983. Partial filmography

 Lassie Come Home (1943)
 I'll Be Seeing You (1944)
 The Captain from Köpenick (completed in 1941, released in 1945)
 Guest Wife (1945)
 Miss Susie Slagle's (1946)
 The Virginian (1946)
 Song of the South (1946)
 Temptation (1946)
 Suspense (1946)
 The Lost Moment (1947)
 Time Out of Mind (1947)
 The Senator Was Indiscreet (1947)
 Letter from an Unknown Woman (1948)
 Another Part of the Forest (1948)
 Rogues' Regiment (1948)
 An Act of Murder (1948)
 The Fan (1949)
 The Capture (1950)
 Copper Canyon (1950)
 The Damned Don't Cry! (1950)
 Bird of Paradise (1951)
 Storm Warning (1951)
 The Desert Fox (1951)
 Devil's Canyon (1953)
 The Naked Jungle (1954)
 Human Desire (1954)
 Day of Triumph (1954)
 The Last Hunt (1956)
 The Mountain (1956)
 Heller in Pink Tights (1960)
 Major Dundee (1965)

References

External links

1901 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Italian composers
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian male musicians
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia alumni
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Italy
Italian male composers
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian people of Russian descent
People from Saint Petersburg
Soviet emigrants to Italy
White Russian emigrants to Italy

masks:
Daniele Alexandrovich Amfit
Daniele
Alexander Amfitheatrof
Daniele
Daniele
Amfitheatrof


title: Édouard Fournier

texts:
<mask> (15 June 1819, Orléans – 10 May 1880, Paris) was a 19th-century French homme de lettres, playwright, historian, bibliographer and librarian. Biography

Born into a locksmiths artist family, he studied at the Collège d'Orléans then devoted entirely to literary work. After a first play in 1841, and some feuilletons published in the newspaper Le Loiret in 1842, he published a large number of historical, literary, literature and theater studies. He published numerous authors while continuing to write for the stage. He also contributed a great number of articles to the Encyclopédie universelle, the Supplément du Dictionnaire de la conversation, the Historie des villes de France, Le Moniteur universel, Le Constitutionnel, L'Illustration, La Revue française, Le Théâtre, whose chief editor he was from 1853 to 1855, La Patrie, where he held a Parisian theatrical chronicle from 1856, then theatrical, the Revue des provinces, of which he was director from 1863 to 1866. In 1872, he was appointed a librarian at the Interior Ministry. Histoire de l'ancien éclairage de Paris, suivi de la réimpression de quelques poèmes rares : Les Nouvelles Lanternes, 1755 [by Valois d'Orville] ; Plaintes des filoux et écumeurs de bourses contre nosseigneurs les réverbères, 1769 ; Les Ambulantes à la brune contre la dureté du temps, 1769 ; Les Sultanes nocturnes, 1769
1854: Antoine Furetière.Le Roman bourgeois, ouvrage comique Text online
1855: Les Caquets de l'accouchée, anonymous account of 1622
1854: Chansons de Gaultier Garguille
1855: Curiosités des inventions et découvertes
1855: Curiosités militaires,
1855: L'Esprit des autres, Text online
1855–1863: Variétés historiques et littéraires, recueil de pièces volantes rares et curieuses en prose et en vers (10 volumes)
1856: Lettres inédites de la marquise de Créqui à Sénac de Meilhan, 1782-1789, mises en ordre et annotées by <mask> <mask>, preceded by an introduction by Sainte-Beuve
1856: Marie-Catherine-Hortense de Villedieu. Récit en vers et en prose de la farce des Précieuses
1856: L'Esprit dans l'histoire, recherches et curiosités sur les mots historiques, bnam  CNAM Gallica Text online
1857: Alexis Piron. Œuvres
1858: Histoire physique, civile et morale de Paris par Jacques-Antoine Dulaure, augmentée d'une notice sur Dulaure et continuée jusqu'à nos jours par <mask> <mask> (3 volumes)
1859: Le Vieux-neuf, histoire ancienne des inventions et découvertes modernes (2 volumes)
1860: Énigmes des rues de Paris, text online
1862: Histoire du Pont-Neuf (2 volumes)
1862: Le Jeu de paume, son histoire et sa description, notice par M. Edouard Fournier, suivie d'un traité de la courte-paume et de la longue-paume, des biographies des principaux paumiers, etc. 1863: Le Roman de Molière, suivi de fragments sur sa vie privée, d'après des documents nouveaux, Text online
1864: L'Art de la reliure en France aux derniers siècles
1864: Chroniques et légendes des rues de Paris, Text online
1866: La Comédie de Jean de La Bruyère (2 volumes)
1867: Les Tragédies de Sophocles, texte grec avec un commentaire critique et explicatif
1871: Les Prussiens chez nous
1871: Le Théâtre français au XVIe et au XVIIe siècle, ou Choix des comédies les plus curieuses antérieures à Molière, avec une introduction, des notes et une notice sur chaque auteur
1873: Œuvres complètes de Nicolas Boileau, précédées de la vie de l'auteur d'après des documents nouveaux et inédits
1874: Voltaire. Théâtre complet
1875: Œuvres complètes de Regnard, précédée d'une introduction d'après des documents entièrement nouveaux
1876: Œuvres complètes de Beaumarchais
1876: Œuvres de Jean de La Fontaine : théâtre, fables, poésies, etc. 1877: Œuvres de Marivaux. Théâtre complet
1877: Histoire de la butte des Moulins, suivie d'une étude historique sur les demeures de Corneille à Paris
1878: Le Livre commode des adresses de Paris pour 1692 par Nicolas de Blégny, précédé d'une introduction et annoté par Édouard Fournier (2 volumes) Text online 1 2
1879: Scarron.Théâtre complet
1879: Le Mystère de Robert le Diable, mis en deux parties, avec transcription en vers modernes en regard du texte du XIVe siècle, et précédé d'une introduction par <mask> <mask>
1880: Souvenirs poétiques de l'école romantique, 1825 à 1840, Text online
1881: Théâtre choisi de Louis-Benoît Picard
1881: Paris-Capitale
1883: Paris démoli (Nouvelle édition revue et augmentée)
1884: Histoire des enseignes de Paris, revue et publiée par Paul Lacroix
1885: Études sur la vie et les œuvres de Molière, revues et mises en ordre par Paul Lacroix Text online
1889: Histoire des jouets et des jeux d'enfants
 Une Malouine au temps de la Révolution. VIII, 1872, (p. 682–683). Gustave Vapereau, Dictionnaire universel des contemporains, vol. I, 1858, (p. 688). Adolphe Bitard, Dictionnaire général de biographie contemporaine française et étrangère, 1878, (p. 482–483). External links
 <mask> <mask> on data.bnf.fr

19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French historians
French bibliographers
French librarians
People from Orléans
1819 births
1880 deaths

masks:
Édouard Fournier
Édouard
Fournier
Édouard
Fournier
Édouard
Fournier
Édouard
Fournier


title: Michael Nazir-Ali

texts:
<mask> (; born 19 August 1949) is a Pakistani-born British Catholic priest and former Anglican prelate who served as the 106th Bishop of Rochester from 1994 to 2009 and, before that, as Bishop of Raiwind in Pakistan. He is currently the director of the Oxford Centre for Training, Research, Advocacy and Dialogue. In 2021, he was received into the Catholic Church and was ordained as a priest for the Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham on 30 October 2021. He is a dual citizen of Pakistan and Britain. Background
<mask> was born in Karachi, Pakistan, on 19 August 1949, the son of James and Patience Nazir-Ali. He has both a Christian and a Muslim family background – his father's family are sayyids. His father converted from Shia Islam.He attended the Roman Catholic-run St Paul's School and St Patrick's College in Karachi and attended Roman Catholic services there. He began identifying as a Christian at the age of 15; he was formally received into the Anglican Church of Pakistan aged 20. Academic career
Nazir-Ali attended St Paul's English High School, Karachi, and St Patrick's College and later studied economics, Islamic history and sociology at the University of Karachi (BA 1970). He studied in preparation for ordination at Ridley Hall, Cambridge (1972), and undertook postgraduate studies in theology at St Edmund Hall, Oxford (BLitt (Oxon, 1974), MLitt (Oxon, 1981)), Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge (MLitt (Cantab, 1976)) and the Australian College of Theology (ThD 1983). He also studied at the Center for the Study of World Religions at Harvard Divinity School and in 2005 he was awarded the Lambeth DD. His particular academic interests include comparative literature and comparative philosophy of religion. In addition to teaching appointments in colleges and universities in many parts of the world, he has been a tutorial supervisor at the University of Cambridge, a senior tutor at Karachi Theological College and Visiting Professor of Theology and Religious Studies at the University of Greenwich.He has been elected an honorary fellow of his colleges at Oxford (St Edmund Hall) and Cambridge (Fitzwilliam). From 1986 until 1989, while he was assistant to the Archbishop of Canterbury and Co-ordinator of Studies and Education for the Lambeth Conference, he was an honorary curate of St Giles' Church, and St Margaret's Church, both in Oxford. In 2010, he was appointed as a senior fellow of Wycliffe Hall and is on the faculty of the London School of Theology, the Lahore College of Theology, the Alexandria School of Theology and the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies (OCMS). Ordained ministry and public career

Nazir-Ali was ordained as an Anglican priest in 1976 in Pakistan and worked in Karachi and Lahore. He became the first Bishop of Raiwind in West Punjab (1984–86), at the time he was the youngest bishop in the Anglican Communion. When his life was endangered in Pakistan in 1986, Robert Runcie, then the Archbishop of Canterbury, arranged for his refuge in England. Nazir-Ali said, "the reason behind some of the difficulties I was facing was removed when General Zia was killed - unfortunately for him, and I am now not doing the work that I was doing at the time with the very poor".He became an assistant to the Archbishop of Canterbury at Lambeth and assisted with the planning of the 1988 Lambeth Conference; he was general secretary of the Church Mission Society 1989–1994 and concurrently an assistant bishop in the Diocese of Southwark. He was appointed Bishop of Rochester, England, in 1994 and, in 1999, entered the House of Lords as one of the "Lords Spiritual" because of his seniority in episcopal office, the first religious leader from Asia to serve there. He was one of the final two candidates for Archbishop of Canterbury, though Rowan Williams was appointed on the recommendation of the British prime minister, Tony Blair. From 1997 to 2003, Nazir-Ali was chairman of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's ethics and law committee. He was a leader of the Network for Inter-faith Concerns of the Anglican Communion. and led the dialogue with Al-Azhar. He is also a founding member of the Dialogue of Scholars founded after the 9/11 attacks.For many years, he served as a member of the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) and, more latterly, of the International Anglican–Roman Catholic Commission for Unity and Mission (IARCCUM). From 2010, Nazir-Ali was the visiting bishop of the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina in the United States. The diocese was part of the Episcopal  Church of the USA but left to joined the Anglican Church in North America which is not a church within the Anglican Communion but is widely recognised by Anglican Churches in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Reception into the Ordinariate
On 29 September 2021, Nazir-Ali was received into the Catholic Church by the ordinary of the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham, Monsignor Keith Newton. He was ordained as a deacon by Archbishop Kevin McDonald on 28 October 2021 at St Mary's College, Oscott, and a priest by Cardinal Vincent Nichols on 30 October 2021 at Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory Catholic Church in London. Views
Nazir-Ali was generally regarded as being on the Evangelical wing of Anglicanism but described himself as being "Catholic and evangelical". He is familiar with a number of Middle Eastern, Asian and European languages and has played a significant role in the Church of England's ecumenical dialogues.Ordination of women
Nazir-Ali did not oppose the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England. He chaired the Rochester Commission on whether women should be made bishops. Because of his work there, he now believes that the Anglican Communion should not have made a unilateral change in its ministry, which it claims to share with Catholic and Orthodox Churches. Medical ethics
Nazir-Ali has written and spoken on a number of bioethical issues including in vitro fertilisation, stem cell research, organ donation and assisted dying. Here he has generally supported the "culture of life" and warned against a "culture of death". He has argued that human dignity is based on "transcendental values" and must be respected at all stages of human development, even when we are not sure whether there is a person, on the basis of the precautionary principle. He is anti-abortion and opposes euthanasia.He attended the March for Life, the first to ever take place in London, on 5 May 2018, where he delivered the closing prayer and had rubbish thrown all over him by a protester. Marriage and family
In 2000, Nazir-Ali wrote,
It is very important for the Church to continue saying that having children and their nurture is a basic good of marriage and not an optional extra. Just as a marriage is not complete without mutual support, companionship and love, so there is a real lack if the intention is never to have children, regardless of circumstances. This signals that marriage is not a matter of self-indulgence. In our age, such teaching is crucial." In his statement, he had gone on to say when it was right for couples not to have children. Clergy and counsellors would need to advise couples in such circumstances as to what was right for them.Because of this statement, it has been claimed that Nazir-Ali believed that married couples have a duty to have children and that those who remained childless were "self-indulgent". Although he views having children a basic part of a good marriage, he has denied ever labelling couples who did not have children "self-indulgent", claiming it was "pure invention". In 2014, he spoke at the Humanum interreligious colloquium on marriage and the family held at the Vatican. His views on marriage as contract, commitment and sacrament were published in Standpoint magazine in May 2012. In late September 2017, Nazir-Ali spoke at the UK Independence Party conference in Torquay. In his speech, he blamed the 1960s for "a sudden death for Christian discourse in public life" in Britain. In his opinion, "the Christian faith stopped being of importance in this country when the women stopped passing it on in the home.It was not the church, it was not the school, it was the mothers who passed the faith on". While he said that he was not calling "return to the past", he advocated UKIP should "promote policies for the wellbeing of the family and the nurture of children in the family". He has also spoken at the Conservative and Labour Party Conferences on a variety of issues, including the family. Human Sexuality
Because of his beliefs on marriage and the family, Nazir-Ali has not been in favour of the ordination of non-celibate homosexual people as clergy and the blessing of same-sex unions. He was one of the bishops who signed a letter against Rowan Williams' decision not to block the appointment of Jeffrey John as Bishop of Reading in 2003. In October 2007, he told The Daily Telegraph that he would not attend the 2008 Lambeth Conference because he would find it "very difficult" to be in council with the bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States following the actions of that church in ordaining Gene Robinson, a divorced priest in an active homosexual relationship, to the office of bishop, which he believed was against Anglican teaching and destroying the unity of the Anglican Communion. In doing this, he was joined by nearly 300 other bishops.He was "accused of pandering to hate and homophobia" by activists after the media published a statement on the day a gay pride parade took place in London and before a major Anglican event at which he was preaching, claiming he had called on homosexuals to "repent and be changed". After he was reported in the press as saying homosexuals should "repent and be changed", he made further comments in which he clarified his remarks. He stated, when asked, that he had initially said to the journalist from the Telegraph that he was going to say in his sermon that all people, particularly churches and Christians, should repent, because there was a need "to refocus on the faith of the church from down the ages and an authentic mission to the nations." When asked specifically about whether this included homosexuals, he had reiterated it included everybody and cited his interpretation of the Christian view of human sexuality, marriage and the family. Church in the public square
In 2014, he stated that many Anglicans and other Christians looked to the Catholic Church to lead in the protection of Christians from persecution by extremist Islamists in countries such as Iraq and Syria. Multiculturalism
In the launch edition of Standpoint Nazir-Ali called for Christianity to regain a prominent position in public life and blamed the "newfangled and insecurely founded doctrine of multiculturalism" for entrenching the segregation of communities. Nazir-Ali argued that the decline of Christianity and the rise of liberal values in the UK during the 1960s had created a moral vacuum which radical Islam threatened to fill.He wrote that "We have argued that it is necessary to understand where we have come from, to guide us to where we are going, and to bring us back when we wander too far from the path of national destiny." The Guardian newspaper devoted its leader to criticising Nazir-Ali, although it described his writing as "neatly underlining [Standpoint]'s expressed intent 'to defend and celebrate Western civilisation'". Nazir-Ali was condemned by the Ramadhan foundation and the President of the National Secular Society, who accused him of "doing the BNP’s work", but was praised by The Daily Telegraph newspaper. Nazir-Ali has himself written against Christian involvement in far-right organisations such as the British National Party. He has said, "The Church must change its approach. It must not capitulate to culture nor must it destroy any culture. Instead it must take heed of Pope Benedict's point: that the role of the Church is to enable culture to find its true centre".Relations with Muslims
Nazir-Ali has become a spokesman for an engagement between Christianity and Islam and has been involved in a number of important dialogues between Muslims and others. He has led the Church's dialogue with Al-Azhar As-Sharif, the premier place of Sunni learning, and also with Shi'a Ulema in Iran. He is frequently quoted in the press. In November 2006 Nazir-Ali criticised the "dual psychology" of some extremist Muslims who seek both "victimhood and domination". He said it would never be possible to satisfy all of the demands made by them because "their complaint often boils down to the position that it is always right to intervene when Muslims are victims... and always wrong when Muslims are the oppressors or terrorists. Given the world view that has given rise to such grievances, there can never be sufficient appeasement and new demands will continue to be made." In response, the Muslim Council of Britain said "We would normally expect a bishop to display more humility and work towards bringing communities closer together rather than contributing towards fostering greater divisions."He has also said, "In the conflicts in Bosnia and Kosovo the International community was defending Muslims from danger whereas in other situations, as in Iraq or Syria, Christians and others need to be defended from Radical Islamism". He has been active and on the ground in both kinds of situations. "No-go areas"
In January 2008, Nazir-Ali wrote that Islamic extremism had turned "already separate communities into 'no-go' areas" and that there had been attempts to "impose an 'Islamic' character on certain areas", citing the call to prayer from mosques as an example, and the pressure on people to conform to Islamist norms in dress, conduct, and speech. He criticised the government's integration policy as "an agenda which still lacks the underpinning of a moral and spiritual vision", and asked that the government make a public affirmation of the "Christian roots of British society". These comments resulted in some debate and criticism, including a response from the Muslim Council of Britain, which said the mosque call was no different from church bells ringing. Nick Clegg, leader of the Liberal Democrats, described the comments as "a gross caricature of reality". Conservative Party home affairs spokesman David Davis said, however, that the bishop had rightly drawn attention to a "deeply serious problem" and that Labour's support for multiculturalism risked creating a situation of "voluntary apartheid".The Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Hazel Blears, responded to Nazir-Ali's comments by stating that Britain was a "secular democracy", and challenged him to name specific "no go" areas. Nazir-Ali subsequently received threatening phone calls, but said his "overflowing postbag" had been "overwhelmingly supportive". Such views on isolated communities are nowadays widely accepted. Burka ban
In 2018, Nazir-Ali wrote that he was not in favour of banning a face veil but that in certain circumstances such as security at airports, road safety and professions requiring personal interaction it should not be worn. Anglican realignment

Nazir-Ali was a supporter of the Anglican realignment movement and the Global Anglican Future Conference (GAFCON). He attended and spoke at the first and second GAFCON gatherings as well as GAFCON III which took place in Jerusalem from 17 to 22 June 2018. He also attended G19, the additional conference that took place in Dubai from 25 February to 1 March 2019.He was also one of the founders of the Mere Anglicanism annual conferences in the US. Private life and honours
Nazir-Ali met his wife, Valerie Cree, who is Scottish, in Cambridge. They were married in 1972 and have two adult sons, Shamoun ("Shammy") and Ross. His pastimes include hockey, cricket, table tennis and Scrabble as well as writing poetry in English and Persian and listening to music. In 2003, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree from the University of Bath; he also has honorary doctorates from the universities of Kent and Greenwich and others in the United States. He has been awarded the Shaikh Yamani Gold Medal in Islamic Studies and the Paul Harris International Fellowship by Rotary. Publications
Nazir-Ali's published writings include the following:

Islam: A Christian Perspective (1983)
Frontiers in Christian-Muslim Encounters (1987)
From Everywhere to Everywhere: A World View of Christian Mission (1990)
Thinking globally, acting locally (1992)
Mission and Dialogue: Proclaiming the Gospel Afresh in Every Age (1995)
The Mystery of Faith (1995)
Citizens and Exiles: Christian Faith in a Plural World (2000)
Shapes of the Church to Come (2001)
Understanding My Muslim Neighbour (2003)
Conviction And Conflict: Islam, Christianity And World Order (2005)
The Unique and Universal Christ (2008)
Triple Jeopardy for the West, London, Bloomsbury (2012)
Faith, Freedom and the Future, London, Wilberforce (2016)

He has also published a number of monographs and many other articles in newspapers and journals.See also
List of British Pakistanis
List of Catholic converts
List of Catholic priests

References

External links

 Biography on Official Site
 Bishop calls for veil legislation BBC News 2006-12-24
 Bishop warns of extremist dangers BBC News 2006-12-31
 Bishop against 'IVF for lesbians' BBC News 2007-09-14
 Blair 'nutter' fear angers bishop BBC News 2007-11-25
 Profile: <mask>-Ali BBC News 2008-01-06
 Bishop warns of 'Islamic areas' BBC News 2008-01-06
 Extremism flourished as UK lost Christianity The Sunday Telegraph 2008-01-07
 BBC radio 4 Profile

St. Patrick's High School, Karachi alumni
Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Alumni of Ridley Hall, Cambridge
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Bishops of Rochester
Anglican bishop converts to Roman Catholicism
British Anglicans
Critics of multiculturalism
English people of Pakistani descent
Converts to Anglicanism
Pakistani Anglicans
University of Karachi alumni
1949 births
Living people
People from Karachi
Anglican bishops of Raiwind
British Roman Catholics
Pakistani Roman Catholics

masks:
Michael James Nazir Ali
Michael Nazir Ali
Michael Nazir


title: André Desjardins

texts:
<mask> "Dédé" <mask> (4 July 1930 – 27 April 2000) was a Canadian union official noted for his involvement with organized crime. Desjardins served as the president of the Conseil des métiers de la construction () and vice-president of the Fédération des travailleurs du Québec (Quebec Federation of Labour, FTQ) union between 1970 and 1974, becoming known as Le roi de la construction ("the king of construction"). During this time, Desjardins was involved in the scandal that led to the Cliche commission of 1974–75 headed by Judge Robert Cliche to examine corruption in Quebec construction unions. Afterwards, Desjardins enjoyed much success as one of the leading loan sharks in Montreal until his murder. Despite sharing the same surname, Desjardins is not related to <mask>, a notorious mobster related to the Rizzuto crime family. Rise to power
Desjardins was born in the Centre-Sud of Montreal, the son of a plumber, and grew up in poverty. Desjardins went to work as an apprentice plumber at the age of 14, and had a long criminal record as a young man, doing several short stints in prison.In 1949, Desjardins was convicted of robbery and was convicted several more times in the 1950s. In 1957, he joined local 144 of l'Association internationale des plombiers et tuyauteurs d'Amérique union, which he rapidly came to dominate. During this time, Desjardins started to engage in organized crime, running illegal lotteries, demanding payments from construction companies to avoid "delays", engaging in loan sharking, and formed ties with the Montreal Mafia. Desjardins recruited men with criminal records to serve as his officials or "soldiers" as he called them, and rose up rapidly using violence and intimidation. Desjardins ran his loan sharking business from the Café Évangéline, and was so successful that he lent money to other criminals in Montreal, most notably Eugene Lafort, Gérald Fontaine (who was the father of Hells Angel Paul "Fon Fon" Fontaine), and members of the Devils Disciples outlaw motorcycle gang. The Canadian journalist Michel Auger described Desjardins as a "strong man" who frequently beat anyone who displeased him, and who was much feared in the construction industry in Montreal in the 1960s. Henri Masse, the president of the Quebec Federation of Labor, told the journalist Jerry Langton about Desjardins: "He was a tough guy.But at the same time, you have to remember labor relations back then were tough as well. During strikes, employers would use dogs and thugs and other means". Though capable of being charming and a professed friend of journalists, Desjardins was known for his ruthless methods, at one point leading a delegation of construction workers to storm the National Assembly in Quebec City while the assembly was in session to shut down a meeting of a parliamentary committee that was proposing a bill he disapproved of. Desjardins's tactics paid off and the bill was killed. Le roi de la construction
A man with an engaging manner and immense powers of leadership noted for his walrus mustache, Desjardins quickly rose up the ranks of the union, becoming the general manager of the Construction Trades Council union affiliated with the FTQ and in September 1970 become the vice-president of the FTQ. Desjardins was well known for his lavish lifestyle, which went beyond a union official's salary, wearing a large diamond ring, owning a white Cadillac and frequently taking vacations in Haiti and the Dominican Republic. Desjardins's lifestyle and his domination of a union of 70,000 members gave him the moniker the "King of Construction" (Le roi de la construction).Desjardins had "soldiers" in every union local, who were expected to engage in intimidation and violence, and other criminal activities like drug dealing and extortion. Desjardins was very closely associated with the Mafia during his time as union chief, and his time as president of the Conseil des métiers de la construction union is remembered as a "reign of terror" in the construction industry in Quebec. Auger described Desjardins's time as the "King of Construction" as the take-over of an entire section of the economy by organized crime, through he argued that Desjardins for his all power, was just a French-Canadian frontman for the Montreal Mafia, who wanted control of all the construction unions in Quebec, not just in Montreal. As part of his investigation into Desjardins undertaken in 1972, Auger took photographs of Desjardins on vacation in the Dominican Republic with Louis Laberge, president of the FTQ, together with various Mafiosi and other members of the Montreal underworld. Desjardins was aligned with the Cotroni family, at the time the most powerful Mafia family in Montreal. Construction had boomed in Montreal for Expo 67, leading to an inflated workforce, and afterwards times were tough for the construction industry in Montreal. As the Liberal Premier Robert Bourassa had promised in the 1970 election that his government would create 100,000 jobs in the construction industry with the James Bay Project, there was much violent competition between Desjardin's Conseil des métiers de la construction and the rival Confederation of National Trade Unions (CNFU) to have their workers engaged in the project.The Canadian historian Desmond Morton noted that were 540 different incidents between the two main construction unions in Quebec on construction sites associated with the James Bay Project between 1970 and 1974, many of them "very bloody". Besides for the Jame Bay Project, Desjardins's union played a major role in causing the $1 billion cost overrun on building the facilities for the 1976 Olympics in Montreal, which nearly bankrupted the city. In May 1970, the International Olympic Committee declared that Montreal would host the 1976 Summer Olympics and construction of the facilities for the Olympics began later that year. The Montreal journalist Kristian Gravenor called Desjardins a "legendary" criminal who more than anyone else caused the "screwed up Olympics" that almost bankrupted Montreal and did so much to cause the decline of Montreal, which lost its status as the business capital of Canada to Toronto in the 1970s. The French architect Roger Taillibert and the Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau discovered that various "delays" on building the Olympic stadium were caused by the Conseil des métiers de la construction, and the two tried hard to win over Desjardins, buying him a lunch at the exclusive Ritz-Carlton hotel in a vain attempt to end the "anarchic disorder" on the Olympic stadium construction site. Finally, Bourassa made some sort of secret deal to buy off Desjardins, which finally allowed work to proceed. In his 2000 book Notre Cher Stade Olympique, Taillibert wrote "If the Olympic Games took place, it was thanks to Dede Desjardins.What irony!". On 21 March 1974 as part of an extortion attempt against the sub-contractors working on the James Bay Project who refused to fire two workers belonging to the rival CNFU union, workers belonging to Conseil des métiers de la construction union destroyed the LG-2 construction site, causing $35 million in damages. The workers on the LG-2 site used their bulldozers to destroy the site they were working on while other workers set buildings afire. Desjardins was charged with incitement to violence as a result of the riot, but was never brought to trial. In response to the violence at the LG-2 site, which confirmed long-standing rumors about thuggish practices on the part of construction unions, the Premier of Quebec, Robert Bourassa, appointed a commission consisting of well-respected judge Robert Cliche, prominent Montreal labor lawyer Brian Mulroney and vice-president of the Centrale de l'enseignement du Québec Guy Chevrette to investigate corruption in the construction industry in Quebec. The legal counsel to the Cliche commission was another prominent Montreal lawyer, Lucien Bouchard. The commission had a narrow remit to examine only the question of freedom of expression within Quebec construction unions, but the commission soon began examining the question of the relationship between the construction unions and organized crime.The Cliche commission established that the Quebec construction industry was dominated by casual brutality with thuggish union bosses teaching union organizers how best to break legs. Workers who complained about corruption on the part of their bosses had their dogs murdered and their teenage children beaten up. The columnist Peggy Curran wrote that the Cliche commission uncovered:

...tales of nepotism, bribery, sabotage, blackmail and intimidation; charges of union organizers with criminal records who gave lessons in how to break legs; thugs-for-hire who would happily beat up a rival union organizer's teenager or strangle their dog. Almost as frightening was an aura of complacency, a 'So what?' and 'What you gonna do about it?' reaction from key witnesses and from union rank-and file. As one union delegate put it, "How do you think a government commission is going to settle problems if the workers themselves are not willing to respect the law?By increasing the number of baseball bats in circulation?". During the hearings, a connection was established between Bourassa's office and Desjardins. It emerged that Bourassa's special executive assistant, Paul Desrochers, had met Desjardins to ask for the support of his union in helping the Parti libéral du Québec win a by-election in exchange for which the province would guarantee that only companies employing workers from the Conseil des métiers de la construction union would work on the James Bay project. The hearings had already established that the Conseil des métiers de la construction had donated to the Parti libéral du Québec generously and there were links between several ministers in Bourassa's cabinet and the Conseil des métiers de la construction. An aide to the Labour Minister, Jean Cournoyer, was overheard in an intercepted telephone call to Desjardins arranging for him to have his thuggish "soldiers" pack a reelection rally for Cournoyer in his St. Jerome riding. Cliche asked Cornoyer: "How could you tolerate illegal acts without doing anything? The disruption of a parliamentary commission by union goons, for example?"In response, Cournoyer replied: "I am only the labor minister. I don’t have the police". The exchanges between Cournoyer and Cliche grew increasingly heated as Cournoyer disclaimed responsibility for his portfolio under that the grounds that he was too busy to look into allegations of union corruption, leading Cliche to scold him: "“Responsibility, and I’m talking on a much higher plane, responsibility for a ministry and its faults cannot be explained by saying: 'I don’t have time' or 'I’ve got too much work'". Bouchard had wanted to call Bourassa as a witness to testify about his links with Desjardins, but Mulroney prevented this, saying having the Premier of Quebec testify before the commission would be a violation of "executive privilege". Intercepted phone calls by the Sûreté du Québec showed that Desjardins had ordered a set of illegal strikes in the summer of 1974 as a bid to pressure the government not to have him testify before the Cliche commission. Despite his best efforts, Desjardins did testify before the Cliche commission, which damaged his reputation so much that he resigned as union boss on 25 November 1974. The commissioners grilled Desjardins over his association with members of the Mafia, and his denials of not being involved in organized crime proved to be ultimately unconvincing.Bouchard in a 2000 interview with Auger recalled that Desjardins was one of the toughest and wiliest witnesses he ever cross-examined. The climax of the hearings came when Clice exploded in rage at Desjardins's evasive answers, shouting: "You have played a very important role as a union leader and thousands of Quebec workers looked up to you for

masks:
André
Desjardins
Raynald Desjardins


title: André Desjardins

texts:
 inspiration, workers who were proud of you...but you have allowed exploiters to surround you. You practised a coverup from all points of view. The commission very sincerely hopes that when our work is finished the workers in the construction industry are going to find leaders who are capable of honor, dignity and truth". The Cliche Commission, in its report of May 1975 called Desjardins a man "with exceptional qualities ... spoiled by an unbridled taste for power." The Cliche commission wrote about Desjardins:

The Cliche commission's report concluded Desjardins had frequently used "threats, violence and intimidation against both workers and management", that too many construction companies had given into him rather than stand up, that his status as le roi de la construction had allowed him to corrupt politicians, and his passion for money and power "...controls him to the extent of destroying his moral sense. To him, there are no bad methods, only inefficient ones".The report recommended that Desjardins be prevented from holding any more union offices as it was "in the public interest". The Cliche Commission's report was described at the time as an exposé of "an organized system of corruption without parallel in North America." A Montreal Gazette editorial declared about the Cliche commission's report: "A devastating document. For some four years, the Bourassa government worked hand in glove with gangster union leadership in the province's construction industry." The public backlash generated by the Cliche commission's discovery of widespread corruption in the construction unions tolerated by the Bourassa government played a major role in causing the defeat of Bourassa in the 1976 election, which were won by the separatist PQ. The loan shark of Montreal
After his leaving the union, Desjardins turned to loan sharking and drug smuggling. Desjardins was notorious as a loan shark who charged 52% interest on the loans he gave to the poor and desperate of Montreal.Desjardins was often described by the police as one of the most successful loan sharks in Montreal, whose fortune by the 1990s was estimated to be at least $25 million. Auger quoted one of Desjardins friends as saying: "He liked money too much. Always wanted more. Couldn't get enough of it". Desjardins opened a restaurant in Laval, two jewelry shops, a furniture store, and a 25-room motel in the Dominican Republic, hiding his ownership via a convoluted ownership structure. On 3 February 1979, <mask> and his wife Jacqueline were indicted on charges of tax evasion with Desjardins accused of not paying $42,436.07 between 1967 and 1975. After defeating the tax evasion charges, Desjardins was tried for trafficking in stolen tires and for ordering an illegal strike in the early 1980s, but was acquitted of these charges.Desjardins spent much time living in the Dominican Republic, where he spent his winters at a luxury beach-front condo he owned in Puerto Plata. Desjardins had much influence in the Dominican Republic, where he demanded a "cut" from any developer wishing to build in that country. In July 1983, the United States government requested his extradition, charging he was trafficking in the Quaaludes prescription drug, but in 1984 a Montreal court refused the request. Despite leaving the Conseil des métiers de la construction union in 1974, Desjardins still retained much influence in construction unions for decades afterwards. Desjardins had been associated with the  Calabrian Cotroni crime family headed by the Cotroni brothers, Vic and Frank, which from the 1930s to the 1980s was the largest criminal syndicate in Montreal. In the 1980s, the Cotroni family were eclipsed by the Sicilian Rizzuto crime family led by Nicolo Rizzuto as Montreal's largest criminal syndicate. The Rizzuto family had a policy of co-opting former associates of the Cotroni family into their operations.Desjardins was one of the former Cotroni associates who switched his loyalties. In his last years, Desjardins, who become one of the leading loan sharks in Montreal, become very close to Maurice "Mom" Boucher, the president of the Quebec branch of the Hells Angels. Together with his business partner Robert Savard, Desjardins was reported to have made "millions" in loans to the Hells Angels and in laundering the profits of drug dealing for the Angels in the 1990s. Murder
On 26 April 2000, Desjardins had lunch with Boucher at a popular Montreal restaurant, Shawn's, to discuss business matters. Shawn's was well known in Montreal for its buxom waitresses whose "uniforms" are string bikinis, giving the restaurant a disreputable image. Over the breakfast, Boucher asked Desjardins to forgive a $400,000 loan with 52% interest that a friend of his had taken out and was struggling to repay, and was told by Desjardins "fuck you!" as he never forgave loans.<mask>, who was 23 years older than Boucher, told him that he did not take orders from the Hells Angels, and reminded him that he had powerful friends in the Mafia, the police and in Quebec politics, saying he was not afraid of Boucher at all. Boucher replied: "You are going to calm down and you are going to forget about it. Get the fuck back there [Puerto Plata] and have some fun, OK?" Desjardins in turn informed Boucher: "Over my dead fucking body! If you think that prick's going to get way with some $400,000". Desjardins was interrupted by Boucher who told him: "I'm telling ya, okay, knock it off". Boucher asked Desjardins to meet him again for breakfast at Shawn's the next day to further discuss the matter, a request that Desjardins agreed to.However, Boucher did not appear at Shawn's as he had promised. After having breakfast at Shawn's on the morning of 27 April, while getting into his automobile, Desjardins was shot in the back 11 times by an unknown gunman who used a semi-automatic handgun equipped with a silencer. The assassin left the weapon at the crime scene and was picked up by a van in the Shawn's parking lot immediately after he killed Desjardins. The police described the assassination as a highly professional killing, saying this was not the work of an amateur assassin, which supports the theory that the assassin was either a member of the Rock Machine or the Hells Angels. Supporting the theory that the Hells Angels had killed Desjardins was the fact that just a mere twenty minutes after his murder, a Hells Angel in Montreal phoned another Hells Angel vacationing in the Dominican Republic; unaware that his phone had been tapped by the police, the caller in Montreal said in French "Okay, go ahead" and then hung up. At about 10:30 am on the same day as Desjardins's assassination, a group of men broke into Desjardins's condo in Puerto Plata, where they reportedly found some $5 million in cash stored in the safe. Later the same day, Commander <mask> of the Montreal police arrived at the Au Bon Pain Café to personally arrest Boucher and ask him what he knew about the murder of Desjardins, in particular why he did not have breakfast with Desjardins that day as he had promised to do the previous day.Boucher refused to speak without his lawyer present; later the same afternoon, Boucher gave a statement at the Montreal police station in the presence of his lawyer Gilbert Frigon, claiming that he did not meet Desjardins at Shawn's that day because he was so bored with talking to him the previous day. With a noticeable lack of emotion, Boucher told Commander Bouchard that it was a "sad thing" that his friend Desjardins had been murdered and would call him at once "if he heard anything". Stéphane "Godasse" Gagné, the Hells Angel assassin who later turned Crown's evidence, testified at Boucher's trial in 2002 that Boucher resented the power of the Mafia and was planning to drive them out of Montreal altogether, but was waiting until he won the Quebec biker war with the Rock Machine before taking on the Mafia. However, Gagné testified that Boucher wanted to eliminate people like Desjardins, French-Canadian criminals willing to work with the Mafia, as an interim measure as way of weakening the power of the Mafia before taking them on outright. Boucher's friend who was struggling with the loan was a man who had associations with the Rizzuto crime family, the most powerful Mafia family in Canada, and was not a Hells Angel. Langton argued that Boucher had chosen to use a case of an Italo-Canadian struggling with an unpayable loan as an excuse to eliminate Desjardins without arousing the suspicions of his nominal ally, Vito Rizzuto. The journalists Julian Sher and William Marsden wrote that Desjardins's murder was not "an isolated killing", but rather "the beginning of a new era of consolidation of the Hells' now massive drug empire, which extended throughout Quebec and the Maritimes and was fast spreading into Ontario and western Canada".Desjardins's business partner Savard was killed on 7 July 2000 after having breakfast with Boucher on the previous day and by October 2000, there had been 11 murders of "independent" gangsters not with the Rizzuto family who had previously been allies of the Hells Angels. In June 2000, Sandra Craig, the daughter of a Bolivian gangster, was almost killed by the Hells Angels and on 29 August 2000, her Canadian husband Raymond Craig was killed by the Angels; the Craigs had previously been the main link between the Colombian gangsters and the Rizzuto family and the Hells Angels in Montreal. Auger, the crime correspondent with Le Journal de Montréal who was investigating Desjardins's murder in the summer of 2000, reported in a series of articles that summer in Le Journal de Montréal that Boucher was systematically killing off his allies. Auger was shot in the back by a Hells Angel on 13 September 2000 in the parking lot of Le Journal de Montréal, an attack that Auger noted was very similar to the "hit" on Desjardins with the only difference being that he survived the five bullets that were pumped into his back. Auger noted it was the same type of gun used in both the Desjardins murder and the attempted murder of himself, namely a .22 Ruger handgun modified with a silencer. Commander Bouchard arrested Charles Michel Vézina, a gunsmith for the Montreal underworld for supplying the guns used for the murder of Desjardins and the attempted murder of Auger, and he was sentenced to four years in prison for violating Canada's gun laws. Commander Bouchard has stated there it was the same Hells Angel who attempted to kill Auger that killed Desjardins, but given the unwillingness of Vézina to testify, there was insufficient evidence to charge him.Legacy
The reforms that the Cliche commission had recommended were supposed to have ended the influence of organized crime and corruption within Quebec construction unions. But after a number of buildings collapsed in 2010–2011 due to poor construction, in 2011 Quebec premier Jean Charest appointed the Charbonneau Commission headed by Madame France Charbonneau, which discovered the same sort of rampant corruption and Mafia influences in Quebec construction unions that the Cliche commission of 1974–75 had discovered, suggesting that the reforms had failed to achieve their purpose. See also
List of unsolved murders

References

Works
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. External links
Meurtre de «Dédé» Desjardins: la police interroge «Mom» Boucher
<mask> «Dédé» Desjardins était lié aux groupes criminalisés
Meurtre d'André «Dédé» Desjardins: l'enquête n'avance pas
<mask> «Dédé» Desjardins enterré dans l'intimité
Andre "Dede" Desjardins
André « Dédé » Desjardins et la commission Cliche
André "Dédé" Desjardins
Trip back in the corruption time machine
Bikers expand crime empire

1930 births
2000 deaths
Canadian gangsters
Criminals from Montreal
Deaths by firearm in Quebec
French Quebecers
Male murder victims
Murdered Canadian gangsters
People murdered by Canadian organized crime
People murdered in Quebec
Trade unionists from Quebec
Unsolved murders in

masks:
Desjardins
Desjardins
André Bouchard
André
André


title: Niko Nikoladze

texts:
<mask> () (27 September 1843 – 5 June 1928) was a notable Georgian writer, pro-Western enlightener, and public figure primarily known for his contributions to the development of Georgian liberal journalism and his involvement in various economic and social projects of that time. He was born in the village of Didi Jikhaishi, Imereti, western Georgia (then part of the Russian Empire) into petite noble family of <mask>dze. After the graduation from Kutaisi Gymnasium (1860), he enrolled the Faculty of Law at St Petersburg University in 1861. In the same year he was excluded from the university for taking part in student protests. After leaving St. Petersburg he went to study in Western Europe in 1864 and became the first Georgian to receive a doctorate (in law) from a European university, namely in Zurich (1868). Like many other Georgian intellectuals of that time, he followed the evolution of Russian liberals to different versions of socialism, establishing his own contacts with the Western leftist thinkers. <mask> was the first Georgian figure within this trend to gain position of influence in all-Russian liberalist movements.During his stay in Zurich, through Paul Lafargue he met Karl Marx, who asked <mask>ze to become the representative of the International in Transcaucasia. <mask>ze declined the offer because at that time his views were closer with the Russian revolutionary democrats, <mask> and <mask> Dobrolyubov, whom he had met in St. Petersburg. While in Europe, he briefly collaborated with Aleksandr Herzen in his influential newspaper, Kolokol (The Bell), in 1865, but <mask>ze soon broke with Herzen when the latter sent a reconciliatory open letter to the tsar. Back in his native Georgia, he became involved in national-liberation movement inspired by Georgia’s most famous intellectual of that time Prince Ilia Chavchavadze though <mask>ze’s relations with Chavchavadze were not always easy. <mask>ze joined a more radical wing of this movement later named the Second Group (meore dasi) and quickly became one of its most influential leaders. This group sought widely for a program, ranging from state-regulated capitalism to various forms of "association" and collectivism, and worked to introduce European learning and culture in Georgia. They became the first Georgian political team to stress the importance of the urban and economic life of Georgia.They actively implemented their ideas into practice and worked to keep the Georgians from being pushed aside by the Russians and Armenians who dominated the Georgian cities, particularly the capital, Tiflis. He gained almost a scandalous name by publishing his sarcastic article, "A Thought on Likhi Mountain" (1871), where he compared Tiflis to an old whore, the wide, paved avenues, parks, and theaters being just her make-up, while the markets are her blackened teeth and the cemeteries and war-devastated fields her raddled body. <mask>ze’s rhetoric attacks on the representatives of the older generation, who mostly chose to serve loyally to the Russian administration, further strengthened positions of the "men of the 60s," a backbone of younger Georgian intellectuals forming an opposition to the Tsarist regime. From 1871 to 1875, <mask>ze lived between Paris and Tbilisi, organizing several revolutionary periodicals such as Krebuli in Tbilisi (1871), Drosha in Paris (1873) and Mimokhilva in Tbilisi. While he was in Paris, he married a Polish woman, Bogumila Zemaianskaia (also Bogumiła Ziemiańska), who had lived for a while in his hometown of Kutaisi. They had three children — a son who died young, and two daughters, Nino (born 1872) and Elizabeth, known as "Lolo". He returned to Tbilisi in 1875, but was arrested for his radical publications and expelled to Stavropol in 1880.Separated from Zemaianskaia, he was accompanied to Russia by Olga Guramishvili, whom he would marry after he was officially divorced in 1883. Despite the strong governmental censure and pressure exerted upon <mask>ze, he remained an influential and respected writer not only in Georgia, but also in Russia proper. Many of his best writings composed in Russian, and French were systematically published in the European press. The climax of <mask>'s activity was his successful negotiations in the mid-1880s with Alexander III and his government that reduced the nationwide repressions and saved Vera Figner from the gallows and Chernyshevsky from exile. In 1884, <mask> and Guramishvili were living in Saint Petersburg, where their daughter Rusudan (1884-1981) was born. From 1886, he led the liberal group Meore Dasi and though his family lived in Didi Jikhaishi, in the Imereti region of western Georgia, <mask> served as the editor of Novoe oborzrenie in Tbilisi. He and Olga's other two children  (1888-1931) and Tamara (1892-1939), were born in Didi Jikhaishi.Also living as part of their family was his eldest daughter Nino. As a notable public benefactor, <mask> was responsible for a number of social and economic projects, including the expansion of railway systems in Georgia and the construction of the Grozny-Poti pipeline. From 1894 to 1912, <mask> was elected a mayor of Poti. During his tenure as a mayor, he made this small portal town on Georgia’s Black Sea coast an important maritime city and trading center. Soon after the 1917 February Revolution in Russia, <mask>ze allied himself with more radical Georgian intelligentsia, supporting Georgia’s full independence from Russia. He was elected an honorary chairman of the National Democratic Party of Georgia. During the years of the first Georgian republic (1918-1921), he was actively involved in the nation's social and economic life.In 1920 he led a delegation of the Chiatura Manganese Exporting Society in Europe. He was still abroad, when the short-lived Georgian independence was terminated by the Soviet Russia's military invasion in 1921. Yet <mask> decided to return to Soviet Georgia, retreating into a world of theory, preaching education and reform instead of violent revolution. His daughters from his first marriage, Nino, married Levan Zurabishvili and Lolo married the Belgian writer and statesman, Camille Huysmans. From his second marriage Rusudan became a chemist and married Russian historian Mikhail Polievktov. Giorgi became a mathematician and Tamara married one of Giorgi's colleagues, <mask> Muskhelishvili. References

Citations

Bibliography

Rayfield D (2000), The Literature of Georgia: A History: 1st edition, Routledge, , p. 172
Suny, RG (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition, Indiana University Press, , p. 131

1843 births
1928 deaths
Burials at Mtatsminda Pantheon
People from Samtredia
Nobility of Georgia (country)
Journalists from Georgia (country)
Jurists from Georgia (country)
Politicians from Georgia (country)
Writers from Georgia (country)
Politicians of the Russian Empire
Poets from Georgia (country)
Male poets from Georgia (country)

masks:
Niko Nikoladze
Nikola
Nikoladze
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikolai Chernyshevsky
Nikolay
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikolad
Nikoladze
Nikoladze
Nikoladze
Nikoladze
Nikoladze
Nikolad
Nikoladze
Nikoloz


title: Trey Miguel

texts:
<mask> (born August 30, 1994) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to Impact Wrestling, where he performs under the ring name <mask>, and is the current Impact X Division Champion in his first reign. Early life
<mask> was born on August 30, 1994, in Toledo, Ohio. Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (2009–present)
McBrayer began training sometime in 2009 at the Glass City Pro Wrestling School until he eventually moved to Dayton, Ohio where he studied under the tutelage of Dave Crist. On July 8, 2017, <mask> teamed with his future partners Dezmond Xavier and Zachary Wentz for the first time to defeat Ohio Is 4 Killers (Dave Crist, Jake Crist and Sami Callihan) in a doors match at CZW's iPPV EVILution. On April 17, 2018, at CZW's Welcome to the Combat Zone, <mask> was introduced as the newest member of The Rascalz alongside Myron Reed. After this, <mask> and Reed began teaming across the entire independent circuit as Wentz and Xavier, the other two Rascalz members teamed as well. Together, <mask> and Reed won the IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championship once on March 8 and the Rockstar Pro Trios Championship twice (once with Alex Colon and Dustin Rayz), on May 4 and May 9 respectively.On September 1, 2017, <mask> defeated Jeremiah for the Rockstar Pro Championship, a title which he held for 91 days before dropping it to Jake Crist. <mask> then regained the title on February 2, 2018, defeating Crist but later that same night he lost the title to Jon Murray. At a cross promotional event for Fight Club: PRO and Destiny Wrestling on April 4, 2019, <mask> defeated Penelope Ford, Kip Sabian, and Jake Atlas for the vacant Destiny Wrestling Next Generation Championship. He then made his first title defense on August 9, against Aiden Prince, Kevin Blackwood, Lionel Knight and Ryan Wright in a successful attempt. On May 12, 2019, <mask> and Wentz won the WC Big Top Tag Team Championship at WrestleCircus event Encore by defeating The Dirty Devils (Andy Dalton and Isaiah James) and The Riegel Twins (Logan and Sterling) in a three-way match. After a successful title defense against Riegel Twins and Private Party at Big Top Revival, <mask> and Wentz vacated the titles on July 25. Impact Wrestling

Early appearances (2017–2018)
Before being officially signed to Impact Wrestling, <mask> competed in a few "tryout" matches.The first being on the August 20, 2017 episode of Impact!, teaming with Jon Bolen where they lost to Ohio Versus Everything (Jake and Dave Crist). The latter being <mask>'s trainer and the guy who helped break him into the company. On the September 6, 2018 episode of Impact!, <mask> made his second appearance by teaming with Zachary Wentz and Ace Austin as enhancement talents again against Ohio Versus Everything (Dave Crist, Jake Crist, and Sami Callihan) in a losing effort. The Rascalz (2018–2020)

A vignette aired promoting the debut of Rascalz on the November 15 episode of Impact!. On the November 29 episode of Impact, <mask> made his official debut alongside Dezmond Xavier and Zachary Wentz as the trio known as The Rascalz, accompanying them ringside when Xavier and Wentz competed in a tag team match against Chris Bey and Mike Sydal. In mid-2019, <mask> and the Rascalz began a feud against Moose, which led to all the Rascalz making their pay-per-view debut against Moose and The North in a six-man tag team match at Rebellion, which Rascalz lost. During the match, the ring names of Xavier, <mask> and Wentz were shortened to Dez, <mask> and Wentz respectively.On the November 13, 2019 episode of Impact, <mask> became the number one contender for the X Division Championship by pinning Petey Williams in a six-way match, but failed to win the title from Ace Austin at Hard to Kill. At Slammiversary, <mask> received his first shot at the vacant Impact World Championship in the main event against Ace Austin, Eddie Edwards, Rich Swann, and the returning Eric Young. However, Eddie Edwards would go on to win the match and become the new Impact World Champion. On November 11, it was revealed that The Rascalz would soon be leaving Impact and had interest from both WWE and All Elite Wrestling. During the November 17 tapings, The Rascalz were given a "send-off" by the Impact locker room. <mask> confirmed the following day that he, Dez and Wentz were in fact done appearing on Impact Wrestling. Dez and Wentz went on to sign with WWE while <mask> remained a free agent.X Division Champion (2021–present)
<mask> made a surprise return to Impact Wrestling on the January 26, 2021 episode of Impact, teaming with Tommy Dreamer, Rich Swann, and Willie Mack to defeat Chris Bey, Moose, Ken Shamrock, and Sami Callihan. During his return match, <mask>'s ring name was reverted to <mask>. After many various low level feuds, <mask> began a heated high level feud with Callihan based on Callihan's theory that <mask> couldn't survive without Dez and Wentz. Throughout the deeply personal feud, <mask> would get tormented by Callihan in many ways including being forced to watch his trainee Sam Beale get beat down and be constantly told he "lost his passion". After weeks of back and forth attacks and mind games, the feud culminated in a last man standing match at Rebellion, which <mask> won. In September, <mask> entered a tournament to determine the new X Division Champion, where he defeated Alex Zayne and Laredo Kid in the first round. At Bound for Glory, <mask> defeated El Phantasmo and Steve Maclin in the final to win the Impact X Division Championship.Personal life
McBrayer was previously in a relationship with wrestling journalist Alicia Atout. Championships and accomplishments
Alpha-1 Wrestling
A1 Zero Gravity Championship (1 time)
Destiny Wrestling
Next Generation Championship (1 time)
Extreme Chaos Wrestling
Extreme Championship (1 time)
Horror Slam Wrestling
 Horror Slam Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Impact Wrestling
 Impact X Division Championship (1 time, current)
 Impact X Division Championship Tournament (2021)
Impact Year End Awards (1 time)
Match of the Year (2020) –
Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
IWA Mid-South Tag Team Championships (1 time) – with Myron Reed
Insane Wrestling Revolution
IWR United States Championship (1 time, current)
Mega Championship Wrestling
MEGA Championship (1 time, current)
Mega Title Tournament (2021)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 171 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2020
Rockstar Pro Wrestling
American Luchacore Championship (2 times)
Rockstar Pro Championship (2 times)
Rockstar Pro Trios Championship (2 times) - with Myron Reed and, Alex Colon (1), Myron Reed and Dustin Rayz (1)
Rockin’ Robin Tournament (2017)
Warrior Wrestling
Warrior Wrestling Championship (1 time)
Welterweight Wrestling
WW Championship (1 time)
WrestleCircus
WC Big Top Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Zachary Wentz
 Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling
 XICW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Aaron Williams, Dave Crist, Kyle Maverick, Dezmond Xavier, and Zachary Wentz

References

External links

 Impact Wrestling profile

1994 births
Living people
American male professional wrestlers

masks:
Trey McBrayer
Trey Miguel
Trey McBrayer
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Trey
Miguel
Trey
Trey
Trey
Trey
Miguel
Miguel
Trey
Trey Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel


title: Nikita Rukavytsya

texts:
<mask> ( ; ; born 22 June 1987) is an Australian professional footballer. He began his career as a striker at Perth Glory but has played primarily as a winger since moving to Europe. Born in Ukraine, Rukavytsya represents Australia internationally. Personal life
<mask> was born in Mykolayiv, in the then Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union; his family moved to Australia when he was 14 years old, settling in Perth. He played junior football for Inglewood United and Perth SC in the Football West State League while attending Mount Lawley Senior High School, before being offered a spot at the Australian Institute of Sport on a football scholarship. <mask> is married to an Israeli and is currently in the process of obtaining Israeli citizenship. Club career
<mask> joined Perth Glory on a short-term replacement deal in the latter stages of the 2006–07 A-League season, making three appearances for the club.In March 2007, he signed a contract with the Glory to keep him at the club until the end of the 2008–09 A-League season. After an excellent pre-season, the start of the 2007–08 A-League season was difficult for both Rukavytsya and Perth Glory. However, with the departure of coach Ron Smith, Rukavytsya turned his form around starting by scoring two goals against the Newcastle Jets in David Mitchell's first game as coach and another two goals against Melbourne Victory at home on 2 December 2007. By the end of the 2007–08 A-League season, Rukavytsya managed to score six goals in the last eight games of the campaign. In April 2008 he was invited to trial with Hannover 96 in Germany. It ultimately proved unsuccessful, and he returned to Perth Glory for the start of the 2008–09 season. In January 2009, he undertook a week-long trial at Dutch club FC Twente.After the last game of the 2008–09 A-League season, it was announced that he would officially be transferring to FC Twente in a transfer deal rumoured to be worth A$1.2 Million. <mask> scored his first goal for FC Twente in the club's 8–0 Dutch Cup drubbing of SC Joure. On 8 January 2010, KSV Roeselare signed the Australian forward on loan until the end of the season. On 14 July 2010, <mask> signed for 2. Bundesliga side Hertha BSC. His first season in the 2. Bundesliga was quite successful.He was a regular starter, scored four goals and ended the season with 12 assists, the second most in the league. At season's end, Hertha BSC were promoted back to the Bundesliga and he hoped to feature again for the newly promoted team. On 31 August, <mask> Regensburg in the 2. Bundesliga on 24 August 2012. <mask> joined Frankfurt on a year-long loan deal in August 2013, after failing to break into the Mainz first eleven. On 12 October 2014, it was announced that <mask> had returned to Australia to sign for the Western Sydney Wanderers.He made his debut in round 3 against Wellington Phoenix. His first goal for the Wanderers came in round 16 against Wellington Phoenix. In September 2015, Rukavytsya signed for Israeli side Beitar Jerusalem. On 8 June 2016, after one season with Beitar Jerusalem, Rukavytsya joined Maccabi Haifa on a three-year deal worth €400,000 per season. After an unsuccessful 2016–17 season, the following season he scored nine goals in the first five months, including the final goal in a 3–0 cup win over rivals Maccabi Tel Aviv. In the 2019–20 season, Rukavytsya finished top goal scorer in the league with a total of 22 goals. In the 2020–21 season, Maccabi Haifa won the league and Rukavytsya again won the golden boot with a total of 19 goals in the league.International career
While eligible to play for Ukraine, he decided to play for Australia and in 2008, represented Australia in the Australian U-23's Olympic Team at the 2008 Summer Olympics, locking his commitment to Australia. After a good end to the 2007–08 season, he earned himself a place in the Olyroos squad for the Beijing Olympics and a Socceroos call-up. <mask> scored in a warm-up game for the Olyroos against Adelaide United. He also scored his first international goal for the Australian U-23's, in their 3–0 win over Croatian U-21's at the Intercontinental Cup in Malaysia on 16 May 2008. <mask> was named in Pim Verbeek's 23-man squad for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. He made two appearances off the bench for the Socceroos. <mask> scored his first international goal in a friendly against South Korea on 14 November 2012, Australia won 2–1.In May 2018, he was named in Australia's preliminary 26-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. On 7 June 2021, Rukavytsya came on as a substitute in a World Cup Qualifier against Taiwan. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Australia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Rukavytsya goal. Honours
FC Twente
 Eredivisie: 2009–10

Hertha BSC
 2. Bundesliga: 2010–11

Maccabi Haifa
 Israeli Premier League: 2020–21

Individual
 Harry Kewell Medal: 2008–09
 PFA A-League Team of the Year: 2008–09
 Israeli Premier League top-goalscorer: 2019–20, 2020–21

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Aussie Footballers

1987 births
Living people
A-League Men players
Australian soccer players
Olympic soccer players of Australia
Australia international soccer players
Ukrainian footballers
Perth Glory FC players
FC Twente players
K.S.V. Roeselare players
Hertha BSC players
1. FSV Mainz 05 players
1.FSV Mainz 05 II players
FSV Frankfurt players
Western Sydney Wanderers FC players
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. players
Maccabi Haifa F.C. players
Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Belgian First Division A players
Eredivisie players
Israeli Premier League players
Australian expatriate soccer players
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Australian Institute of Sport soccer players
Australian people of Israeli descent
People educated at Mount Lawley Senior High School
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Sportspeople from Mykolaiv
Ukrainian emigrants to Australia
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Naturalized citizens of Israel
Israeli people of Australian descent
Israeli people of Ukrainian descent
Ukrainian people of Israeli descent
Association football wingers
Association football forwards

masks:
Nikita Vadymovych Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Nikitaahn
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Rukavytsya
Nikita
Rukavytsya


title: Hub (wrestler)

texts:
is a Japanese professional wrestler better known by the ring name <mask> (stylized in all capital letters), currently working as a freelancer and is best known for his tenure with the Japanese promotions Big Japan Pro Wrestling (BJW) and Osaka Pro Wrestling (OPW). Professional wrestling career

Independent circuit (1999-present)
During his career, Kigawa worked for various promotions for which he made sporadic appearances. On the first night of the Cherry Blossom Tour 2014, an event promoted by Wrestle-1, Kigawa teamed up with Tigers Mask and scored a victory over Junior Stars (Koji Kanemoto and Minoru Tanaka). At STRONGHEARTS Action 2 Alpha, an event promoted by Oriental Wrestling Entertainment on July 24, 2020, Kigawa teamed up with Dick Togo, Eisa8 and Gaina in a losing effort to StrongHearts (El Lindaman, Issei Onitsuka, Shigehiro Irie and T-Hawk) as a result of an eight-man tag team match. On May 23, 2021, Hub participated at the Hana Kimura Memorial Show, an event produced by Kyoko Kimura to commemorate one year since the passing of her daughter Hana Kimura. He teamed up with Shisaou and Eisa8 to defeat Shota, Fuma, and Mil Mongoose in a six-man tag team match. DDT Pro Wrestling/Pro Wrestling Basara (2011-present)
Kigawa is also known for his seldom activities across the years in DDT Pro Wrestling especially in tag team matches.At Dramatic Dreams! Vol.5 he teamed up with Masahiro Takanashi to defeat Men's Teioh and Yasu Urano. At Dramatic Dream! Vol. 6 on May 25, 2019, he teamed up with Isami Kodaka and picked up a victory over Disaster-Box (Naomi Yoshimura and Yuki Ueno). At Dramatic Dreams Vol. 7 on October 18, 2020, he teamed up with Yuki Ueno scoring a defeat to Konosuke Takeshita and Billy Ken Kid.At DAMNATION Produce Illegal Assembly Returns Vol. 3 on February 19, 2021, <mask> teamed up with Yasutaka Oosera in a losing effort to Damnation's Daisuke Sasaki and Hiroshi Yamato. Kigawa usually works under the Basara branch of the promotion, making appearances at event such as the Osaka Beer Garden Pro-Wrestling on July 22, 2018 where he teamed up with Iron Priest (Fuma and Yusuke Kubo) in a losing effort to Isami Kodaka, Ryota Nakatsu and Ryuichi Sekine. His most notable victory in Basara took place at BJW Osaka Surprise 52 ~ Proud RulerJuly , an event produce in partnership with Big Japan Pro Wrestling on July 4, 2021, where he teamed up with Andy Wu and Ultimate Spider Jr. to defeat Viva México Cabrones (Billy Ken Kid, Masamune, and Tsubasa) for the UWA World Trios Championship. Dragon Gate (2012-2013)
Kigawa had a brief tenure with the Dragon Gate promotion. He is known for participating in the Gate of Destiny series of events, marking his most important victory at the 2012 edition on October 21, where he teamed up with Magnitude Kishiwada and Gamma as part of the "Team Veteran Returns" stable to defeat Mad Blankey's Akira Tozawa, BxB Hulk and Naoki Tanisaki for the Open the Triangle Gate Championship. New Japan Pro Wrestling (2008-2012)
Kigawa made several appearances at shows hosted by New Japan Pro Wrestling.At NJPW Exciting Battle In Okinawa on January 22, 2010, he teamed up with Golden Pine, Jushin Thunder Liger and Super Delfin, scoring a victory over Menso-re Oyaji, Mil Mongoose, Ryusuke Taguchi and Super Shisa in an eight-man tag team match. <mask> continued to work in these kinds of matches following his appearance at NJPW Exciting Battle In Okinawa on March 25, 2011, where he teamed up with Kijimuna, Ryusuke Taguchi and Super Shisa to successfully challenge Gurukun Diver, Jushin Thunder Liger, Menso-re Oyaji and Mil Mongoose. His las match for NJPW took place at the 40th Anniversary Tour of the company from March 25, 2012, where he teamed up with Gurukun Diver and Ryusuke Taguchi to defeat Eisa8, Kushida and Menso-re Oyaji. Osaka Pro Wrestling (1999-present)
Kigawa made his professional wrestling debut in Osaka Pro Wrestling at the very first event promoted by the company on April 29, 1999, as Super Demekin where he fell short to Magnitude Kishiwada. He is a former Osaka Tag Team Champion, title which he won for the first time on December 15, 2007 at the Michinoku Pro National Tour alongside his long-time tag partner Gaina after defeating Kagetora and Rasse. He is also a former Osaka Openweight Champion, title which he last won at Osaka Pro in Konohana on July 31, 2016 after defeating Tadasuke. Kigawa is known for taking part in various of the Osaka Hurricane events.The first match took place at the 2005 edition of the event where he defeated Magnitude Kishiwada to win the Osaka Pro Wrestling Championship. At the 2006 edition, competing under the name of Super Dolphin, he defeated his trainer Super Delfin to win the Osaka Pro Wrestling Championship once again. Championships and accomplishments
Dove Pro Wrestling
Dove Pro Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Gaina
Dotonbori Pro Wrestling
WDW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Orochi
Dragon Gate
Open the Triangle Gate Championship (1 time) – with Magnitude Kishiwada and Gamma
Kyushu Pro Wrestling
Kyushu Pro Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Genkai
Pro-Wrestling Basara
UWA World Trios Championship (1 time, current) – with Andy Wu and Ultimate Spider Jr.
Okinawa Pro Wrestling
Okinawa Wrestling Championship (2 times)
MWF World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Shisaou (1) and Menso-re Oyaji (1)
Osaka Pro Wrestling
Osaka Openweight Championship (2 times)
Osaka Tag Team Championship (2 times, current) – with Gaina
Tenno-Zan Tournament (2005)
Pro Wrestling Zero1
International Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
World Junior Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA International Lightweight Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Takuya Sugawara (1) and Billy Ken Kid (1)
Tenkaichi Jr. Tournament (2013)
Tenryu Project
WAR International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time, current)
Tokyo Gurentai
Tokyo Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Mazada
VKF Pro Wrestling
VKF King Of Wrestle Naniwa Championship (1 time)

References

1978 births
Sportspeople from Shizuoka Prefecture
Living people
Japanese male professional wrestlers

masks: Hub Hub Hub