title: Douglas Slocombe

texts:
<mask> OBE, BSC, ASC, GBCT (10 February 1913 – 22 February 2016) was a British cinematographer, particularly known for his work at Ealing Studios in the 1940s and 1950s, as well as the first three Indiana Jones films. He won BAFTA Awards in 1964, 1975, and 1979, and was nominated for an Academy Award on three occasions. Early life
Slocombe was born in Putney, London, the son of Marie (née Karlinsky) and journalist <mask> (1894–1963). His mother was Russian. His father was the Paris correspondent for the Daily Herald, and so Slocombe spent part of his upbringing in France, returning to the United Kingdom  around 1933. He graduated with a degree in Mathematics from the Sorbonne. Slocombe initially intended to become a photojournalist, and as a young photographer, he witnessed the early events leading up to the outbreak of World War II.Visiting Danzig in 1939, he photographed the growing anti-Jewish sentiment. In consequence, he was commissioned by American film-maker Herbert Kline to film events for a documentary called Lights Out, covering a Goebbels rally and the burning of a synagogue, for which he was briefly arrested. Slocombe was in Warsaw with a movie camera on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded. Accompanied by Kline, he escaped, but his train was machine-gunned by a German aeroplane. In 2014, he said of the experience that:
I had no understanding of the concept of blitzkrieg. I had been expecting trouble but I thought it would be in trenches, like WW1. The Germans were coming over the border at a great pace ... We were trundling through the countryside at night.We kept stopping for no apparent reason, but we came to a screeching halt because a German plane was bombing us. After its first pass we climbed out the window and crawled under the carriage. The plane came back and started machine-gunning. A young girl died in front of us. After escaping from the train, Slocombe and Kline bought a horse and cart from a Polish farm, finally returning to London via Latvia and Stockholm. Work

After returning to England, Slocombe became a cinematographer for the Ministry of Information, shooting footage of Atlantic convoys with the Fleet Air Arm. He also developed a relationship with Ealing Studios, where filmmaker Alberto Cavalcanti, who helped him obtain his position, worked.Some of his photography was used as second unit material for fiction films. Slocombe moved into photographing for feature films at Ealing Studios during the later 1940s, after being hired on the strength of his documentary work. Slocombe later described his early work on Champagne Charlie (1944) as amateurish, in one case resulting in a sequence having to be reshot. However, in his career, Slocombe worked on 84 feature films over a period of 47 years. Slocombe would later speak approvingly of Ealing's culture of script development. However, he also noted that its restrictive studio system headed by Michael Balcon, in which outside work was not normally permitted, made it impractical for him to attempt to begin a career as a director, something which he had considered. His early films as a cinematographer included such classic Ealing comedies, notably Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949), The Man in the White Suit (1951), The Lavender Hill Mob (1951), and The Titfield Thunderbolt (1953).He was particularly praised for his flexible, high-contrast cinematography for the horror film Dead of Night (1945), and for his bright, colourful West Country summer landscapes on The Titfield Thunderbolt. Apart from filming, Slocombe worked also on developing plans for shots, visiting prisoner-of-war camps in Germany as part of pre-production for The Captive Heart (1946). For Saraband for Dead Lovers (1948), shot in Technicolor, the production team settled on a muted, gloomy style unusual for the time, which Slocombe in 2015 considered as among his best work of the period. The style of the film, about a doomed extramarital affair in 17th-century Germany, was variously praised as unconventional and criticised for being excessively symbolic, while also leaving exterior and interior shots poorly matched. A special effect shot he created was a scene in Kind Hearts and Coronets, in which Alec Guinness, playing eight different characters, appeared as six of them simultaneously in the same frame. By masking the lens and locking the camera down in one place, the film was re-exposed several times with Guinness in different places on the set over several days. Slocombe recalled sleeping in the studio to make sure nobody touched the camera.Slocombe personally regarded Basil Dearden as the "most competent" of the directors he worked with at Ealing. He found widescreen equipment sometimes restrictive, finding the Technirama camera system used on Davy (1958) "a block of flats" and difficult to compose shots with. After Ealing
Financial problems forced Ealing Studios to wind down from 1955 onwards, and close later in the decade. In 2015, Slocombe said of the period that "we had to get on with our careers – there was little time for sentiment." For The Italian Job (1969), Slocombe was hired by producer Michael Deeley because "he tended to do very moody work, and he was very efficient". Slocombe later remembered shooting inside Kilmainham Gaol, a genuine closed prison, and finding the experience unpleasant: "the real thing, there is something quite terrifying about it. One knows hundreds and hundreds of people have suffered here...although this was a comedy, all this was still in the back of one's mind".He won the British Society of Cinematographers Award five times, and was awarded its Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996. He also won a special BAFTA award in 1993. Roger Ebert particularly praised his work on Jesus Christ Superstar (1973), writing that it "achieve[s] a color range that glows with life and somehow doesn’t make the desert look barren." Not all reviews of his later colour work were favourable: while his cinematography on Never Say Never Again (1983) has been described by one author as "subtle, subdued...[it] creates a mellow mood", it has also been assessed as "muddled and brown". Notable among his later films is Rollerball (1975). Indiana Jones films
In the 1980s, he worked with Steven Spielberg on the first three Indiana Jones films, after Spielberg enjoyed working with him as an auxiliary cinematographer on Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977). These were among his last major projects, as he was 75 at the time of filming the last, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, and also began to suffer from eyesight problems in the 1980s.He was quoted in 1989 as saying of it "there's an excitement in doing action films. I probably enjoy them on a sort of boy scout level." Janusz Kamiński, cinematographer on Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, said that he deliberately shot the film to emulate Slocombe's visuals, in order to create an appearance of continuity with the previous pictures. Personal life
Slocombe experienced problems with his vision from the 1980s onwards, including a detached retina in one eye and complications from unsuccessful laser eye surgery in the other, and was nearly blind at the end of his life. In his later years, he lived in West London with his daughter, his only child. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours, and attended a BAFTA dinner in his honour in 2009. He turned 100 in February 2013.Despite his blindness, Slocombe remained able to give interviews into his last years, and was interviewed by David A. Ellis in a book entitled Conversations with Cinematographers, in 2011 by French television in French, by the BBC on the invasion of Poland in 2014, and on the history of British films in 2015. He was quoted in the latter interview as saying "it's a weird feeling to have outlived virtually everyone you ever worked with." Death
Slocombe died at the age of 103, on the morning of 22 February 2016, in a London hospital from complications following a fall.

masks:
Ralph Douglas Vladimir Slocombe
George Slocombe


title: Lou Walters

type: original

texts:
<mask> (1896 – 15 August 1977) was a British-born American booking agent, theatrical producer and the founder of the famed Latin Quarter nightclub in New York. He is the father of journalist <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in London in 1898 to Abraham Isaac Waremwasser and Lillian Schwartz. He was one of 7 children, and the eldest son. As a child, he lost one of his eyes, and thereafter wore a glass eye. Isaac Abrahams was a tailor, and during a strike in the clothing business in 1906, he moved the family to Belfast. Three years later, Isaac and his sons moved to New York, with his wife and daughters following seven months later.There, the family changed their surname to <mask>. <mask> found a job working as an office boy at a vaudeville booking office, and soon began booking acts himself. By his early 20s, <mask> had opened his own booking agency in Boston, Massachusetts. His business originally booked only vaudeville acts, but as the popularity of vaudeville declined, he branched out to book acts into nightclubs and supper clubs. According to the memoir of his daughter Barbara, <mask> discovered comedians Fred Allen and Jack Haley. <mask> was not an imposing man, standing at only 5'4 and weighing about 125 lbs. In 1920, he married Dena Seletsky in Boston.Over the next ten years, they had three children: Burton, who died of pneumonia as a toddler, Jacqueline, who had a mental disability (died from ovarian cancer in 1988), and Barbara, a television journalist and anchor. Latin Quarter
In 1937, <mask> opened his first nightclub, Latin Quarter, with a partner, E.M. Loew. The venture took his entire savings; on opening night he had only 63 cents to his name. The club was very successful, and within three years was grossing more than $500,000 per year. <mask> moved his family to Miami Beach, Florida, where he took over the Palm Island Club from Earl Carroll and relaunched it as another Latin Quarter. Two years later, in 1942, <mask> opened a Latin Quarter nightclub on Times Square in New York City. The club was extremely popular, and in its first year grossed over $1.5 million.Over 5 million people visited the nightclub during its first ten years in operation. <mask>'s nightclubs were known for their luxurious atmosphere and good food. Walter once told an interviewer that "'It's a popular fallacy in this business ...to say that your money is made or lost in the kitchen. The man who goes to a nightclub goes in a spirit of splurging, and you've got to splurge right along with him.'" The nightclubs offered three shows per evening, each featuring some of the top talent of the time, including Milton Berle, Frank Sinatra, Mae West, and Mickey Rooney, mixed with performances by chorus girls. The chorus girls were cast after auditions in London, Paris, and major cities in the United States. The dancers were skimpy costumes designed by leading fashion designers, including Erté.During this time, <mask> branched into producing theatrical shows. In 1943, <mask> produced a successful revival of the Zeigfeld Follies on Broadway, which ran for 553 performances. He produced two other Broadway shows, Artists and Models, and Star Time, but neither were popular. Cafe de Paris
<mask> sold his share of the Latin Quarter chain to Loew in 1956 for $500,000. He was convinced that he could recreate his success with a new chain of clubs called Cafe de Paris. He opened the first in Miami in 1957. A combination of poor national economy and unusually frigid Miami winter resulted in a sharp decline in the number of tourists who visited Miami that year.The Miami club failed to attract enough visitors and closed after its first season. A second version of the Cafe de Paris opened in New York in May 1958, in the former Arcadia Ballroom. It was the largest nightclub in New York, able to seat twelve hundred people. Both of the Cafe de Paris locations were very close to the existing Latin Quarter nightclubs. Loew won an injunction that prevented <mask> from advertising his ownership of either of the Cafe de Paris nightclubs. Although opening week was successful, the club was too large, and the rent too high, for <mask> to cover his expenses. Facing bankruptcy, <mask> attempted suicide in June 1958.His family covered this up, convincing the press that <mask> had only had a heart attack. Following his release from the hospital, <mask> moved his family back to Miami. All of their assets in New York were seized to pay creditors. <mask> was also sued by New York for failing to pay income or payroll taxes while he operated the Cafe de Paris. The court case lasted two years, and <mask> began missing court appearances, claiming he did not have the funds to travel to New York. A judge issued a warrant for his arrest. According to the memoir of <mask>' daughter Barbara, she contacted her friend, powerful attorney Roy Cohn, to let him know about the charges, and within a week the charges were dropped and the case was settled.Las Vegas
In Miami, <mask> regained his equilibrium. The Hotel Deauville hired him to produce their nightly shows. That work led to an offer from the Tropicana Las Vegas to manage their stage shows as Entertainment Director. At the Tropicana, he introduced the Folies Bergère to Las Vegas. This was the first time the Folies had been licensed outside of Paris. This became the longest running theatrical production in the world. <mask> later produced entertainment for the Casino de Paris in Lake Tahoe, Nevada.In 1965, <mask> returned to managing the Latin Quarter chain, now as an employee rather than owner. Death and legacy
<mask> retired in 1967. He died of a heart attack in 1977. In 1978, the Boston Center for the Arts named a rehearsal hall for <mask>. In 2006, New York City renamed a street near the old Latin Quarter nightclub "<mask> Way". Notes

References

1896 births
1977 deaths
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American theatre managers and producers
British emigrants to the United States
British people of Polish-Jewish descent

masks:
Lou Walters
Barbara Walters
Lou Walters
Walters
Lou Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Walters
Lou Walters


title: Justin Pierre

texts:
<mask> (born May 26, 1976) is a singer, songwriter and guitarist originally from Mahtomedi, Minnesota, United States. He is the co-founder and lead vocalist of the pop punk band Motion City Soundtrack, and is known for his interests and pursuits in film making and production of music. Biography

Early life
<mask> was raised in Mahtomedi, Minnesota. During his childhood, he enjoyed skateboarding and listening to hip-hop such as Run-DMC and the Beastie Boys. As a teen, <mask> became a big fan of alternative metal band Faith No More; in 1990 he regularly watched their You Fat Bastards videotape and the performance of frontman Mike Patton greatly influenced him. He would later mention the Faith No More album Angel Dust one of his favorite records of all time. <mask> studied at Mahtomedi High School, where he developed an interest in indie rock.<mask> played guitar and sang in a band called Slide Coaster, who released an album in 1995 titled Thrown. The group eventually disbanded, leaving <mask> to focus more on his hobby of making short films. However, his friend Joshua Cain convinced him to continue making music and recruited <mask> to join his band, which would eventually become Motion City Soundtrack. Musical career
<mask> formed Motion City Soundtrack in 1997 with friend Joshua Cain, becoming the lead singer as well as playing rhythm guitar. He and Cain both previously took stints on the moog synthesizer in the band, until the foundation of the current lineup. <mask> was the primary lyricist for the band, noted for his pronounced sideburns, wild hair and glasses (which are Kirk Originals). <mask> has struggled with alcohol and substance abuse problems in the past, and during the recording of the album Commit This To Memory, he relapsed and binge drank due to the ending of a relationship.<mask> suffers from asthma, having to use his inhaler on stage at times. The band released its fourth album, My Dinosaur Life, on January 19, 2010. <mask> recently was "trucking along on The Dino Trail" to promote the album. He began his promotional tour in Chicago on November 1 and was making his way around the United States doing "meet ups, impromptu performances, in store appearances, and other shenanigans that will surely ensue along the way." The band's 5th album, Go, was released on June 12, 2012. The band's sixth album, Panic Stations, was released on September 18, 2015. Film making
<mask> makes short films, went to Minneapolis Community and Technical College for film, but did not complete a degree.He now works on independent short films while at home, recording, and on tour. His most famous is titled "Karen" and was in a few film festivals early winter and spring 2007, including the 3rd annual Griffon International Film Festival (GIFF) and The Sacramento International Film Festival. <mask> has been involved in the direction of music videos for fellow bands. He co-directed the music video for "Big Drag" by Limbeck, as well as co-directing with Shane Nelson the video for Sing It Loud's "No One Can Touch Us", which was produced by MCS' guitarist Joshua Cain. Other works
In addition to singing for Motion City Soundtrack, <mask> has sung guest vocals on Fall Out Boy's "Chicago is So Two Years Ago", Small Towns Burn A Little Slower's "Alias: The Bookkeeper", Metro Station's "Kelsey", Sing It Loud's "We're Not Afraid", The Rocket's "Shadow" (which he co-wrote with Joshua Cain and The Rocket) and is thought to have been heard singing numerous times on the Limbeck album Hi, Everything's Great. He also sings and helped write a song with Michigan City band, Grown Ups, called Are You Kitten Me? and was featured in Revolution on Canvas, Volume 2: Poetry From the Indie Music Scene inputting a short story about the love and loss of a certain person in his life who was also addicted to alcohol.<mask> also produced two songs (along with Joshua Cain) on Metro Station's self-titled debut album. <mask> recently joined sci-fi legend Lance Henriksen, horror icons Bill Moseley, Danielle Harris and Tiffany Shepis, as well as AFI's Davey Havok and Battlestar Galactica's Nicki Clyne in the cast of the "illustrated film" series Godkiller. <mask> voices the lead role of Tommy, a boy on a mission to save his dying sister in a post-nuclear wasteland. <mask> is also in a band called Farewell Continental, which until recently he wasn't revealed as a member. The group's first full-length album was released on May 10, 2011, followed by a United States tour. <mask> and his wife, <mask>, host a podcast called Book Narcs, in which the couple ask guests about their book history and interests. <mask> and his wife welcomed their first child, a daughter named Max, in early 2015.In 2017, <mask> announced The Rapture Twins, a rock collaboration between himself and Game Informer Executive Editor Andrew Reiner. The band's lyrics and branding reflect themes from the world of video games (including Overblood and the BioShock series). Their first single, "Would You Kindly?," was released on February 14, 2017. It was followed by the group's second single, "Eternity," which was released during Game Informer'''s November 2017 Extra Life charity event, with all proceeds from the single's sale going to Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare. Equipment
<mask> plays a variety of Fender Telecasters from Fender Telecaster Deluxes, to Fender Telecaster Customs to American Fender Telecasters. He has also played a Gibson SG in the past. Discography

Solo
AlbumsIn the Drink (2018)

Extended playsOpen Mic At The Lo-Fi : Vol 1 (2019)An Anthropologist on Mars (2021)
 The Price of Salt (2021)
 Ghost World (2021)

with Motion City Soundtrack

 I Am the Movie (2003)
 Commit This to Memory (2005)
 Even If It Kills Me (2007)

 My Dinosaur Life (2010)
 Go (2012)
 Panic Stations (2015)

with Farewell Continental
 ¡Hey, Hey Pioneers!(2011)

with Slide CoasterThrown'' - EP (1995)

References

1976 births
Living people
American rock singers
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
People from Mahtomedi, Minnesota
Singer-songwriters from Minnesota
Motion City Soundtrack members
Guitarists from Minnesota
21st-century American singers
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male singers

masks:
Justin Courtney Pierre
Justin Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Justin Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Justin
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Lindsay Pierre
Pierre
Pierre
Pierre


title: Max Speter

texts:
<mask> (1 April 1883 – 30 June 1942) was a Jewish-German chemist and science historian. Biography
<mask> was born in Beszterce, Austria-Hungary (now Bistrița, Romania), the youngest of seven children, to his Jewish parents <mask> and Anna Dollberg. He grew up in Bistrița and graduated in 1900 from the city's German Gymnasium. <mask> began studying engineering at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. He then moved to Hanover, and completed his studies in Munich where he received his Diploma in Mechanical Engineering. After graduating he worked with Oskar von Miller, founder of the Deutsches Museum, as a member of the museum's founding team. For a while he worked in the chemical industry in Germany and Hungary.Then he was hired as a researcher at the Humboldt University of Berlin, where he also started his Ph.D. thesis. His doctoral advisors were Hans Heinrich Landolt and Walther Nernst, who later won the 1920 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Speter acquired his doctorate in 1910. Under the Nazi regime
From 1934, following the Nazi takeover, it became more and more difficult for Speter to research and publish due to his Jewish ancestry. In 1937 the German radio cancelled a planned broadcast of his public lecture. From 1939 and on he was banned completely from publishing in Germany. <mask> committed suicide on 30 June 1942.Professional activities

Research and industrial development
While working as a researcher at Humboldt University of Berlin, <mask> developed methods for extracting Thorium and Scandium. In 1911 and 1912 he registered patents on these methods. In the same years he operated a laboratory for producing Tungsten paste, then used in the manufacture of Incandescent light bulb filaments. In 1923 and 1925 he registered patents for a disinfecting lamp based on acetaldehyde. In 1927 and 1928 he studied the electrostatic properties of silk, plastic materials and synthetic textiles. The results of these studies were published in a series of articles in several professional journals. The history of chemistry
In addition to his own activity as a chemist, Speter had a great interest in the study of the history of chemistry.The title of his doctoral dissertation, publish 1910, was "Lavoisier and his Forerunners"
. Later he studied various areas of chemistry, but his main interests were in the histories of sugar and superphosphate. The history of sugar production. Speter studied the work of the two people who are considered the founding fathers of the production of sugar from  sugar beets:  Andreas Sigismund Marggraf  and Franz Karl Achard. He published a comprehensive bibliography of Franz Karl Achard`s contributions, including more than 200 references, in the journal of the German sugar industry ("Die deutsche Zuckerindustrie"). He also published an illustrated account of Achard`s experiments in beet sugar production. Speter also studied other, less successful, efforts to produce sugar.The famous Justus von Liebig prepared sugar from 7 different species of maple and recommended extensive planting of maples in hope of making Germany self-sufficient in this respect. Another German, Ludwig Hofmann, tried to produce sugar from pumpkin. Speter also studied and wrote about some more esoteric historic experiments with sugar. In 1932 he described the experiments with sugar Triboluminescence made by Francis Bacon and Otto von Guericke. In another publication, he described an anonymous German author who, in 1780, prepared Leyden jars where melted sugar served as an insulator. The history of superphosphate. In his study of the history of Superphosphate Speter collected information, including patents and notes, about 16 scientists and industrialists who contributed to the research and manufacture of the fertilizer.They include: Johann Tholde,  a school principal from Brno; Johan Gottlieb Gahn; Carl Wilhelm Scheele; Anders Gustaf Ekeberg; A. Bergsteen; Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin; Antoine Fourcroy;  George Pearson; Sir  Humphry Davy; S. F. Hernbstädt; Justus von Liebig; Sir John Bennet Lawes and Sir James Murray (physician). The results of his studies were published in "Super-Phosphate", a monthly journal of the International Superphosphate Manufacturers' Association. The papers included detailed bibliographies and biographical notes. The history of the match. As a by-product of his interest in the history of superphosphate he became interested in another Phosphorus product, the match, and its predecessor the tinderbox. In the "Deutschen Zündwaren-Zeitung", the journal of the German match industry, he published an article about the matches of  John Walker called "Congreves" or "friction lights". In the same journal he published an illustrated history of matches based on a translation from Hungarian.He also republished an early 19th-century account about tinderboxes, by Friedrich Hermbstädt. Other topics in the history of chemistry. Speter studied a variety of other topics in the history of chemistry, among them: plastic materials, explosives, materials for the photographic industry, Scientific instruments and life-saving equipment. The results of his studies were published in German and Austrian scientific and industrial journals. Translations also were printed in publications in the United States, The Netherlands and Hungary. Popular science
Beside his scientific publications <mask> was an active science popularizer and communicator. As a member of the Deutsches Museum's founding team,  he arranged the chemical, physical, and mineralogical exhibits.After leaving this position, he remained an advisor to the museum, consulting about new exhibits. Later on, he used to publish popular humorous and illustrated versions of his works in newspapers and popular science magazines. Between 1924 and 1926 he gave a series of radio lectures. References

External links
 Bibliography of books and articles by <mask>er in the catalog of the German national library

History of chemistry
Historians of science
Jewish historians
Jewish chemists
20th-century German chemists
People from Bistrița
1883 births
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century German historians
1942 suicides
Suicides by Jews during the Holocaust
German Jews who died in the Holocaust
Suicides in Germany

masks:
Max Speter
Max Speter
Johann Speter
Speter
Speter
Speter
Speter
Max Spet


title: Bud Brisbois

texts:
Austin Dean "<mask>" <mask> (April 11, 1937 – June 1978) was a jazz and studio trumpeter. He played  jazz, pop, rock, country, Motown, and classical music. Career
<mask> was born in Edina, Minnesota and began studying the trumpet at age 12. He was mainly self-taught, and reportedly had most of his range before leaving high school. He briefly attended University of Minnesota before moving to Los Angeles, where he would live most of his life, when not touring. In September 1958 he joined Stan Kenton's orchestra, where he took over the "scream" parts written for Maynard Ferguson, in addition to playing much of the lead trumpet. Brisbois toured with Kenton's band until the early 60's, recording over 30 albums.Around 1963 he left Kenton to work in the Los Angeles recording studios. Brisbois worked as a studio musician in Los Angeles from around 1963 to 1975, recording over a hundred albums. He worked with Herb Alpert, Tony Bennett, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Rosemary Clooney, Nat King Cole, Bobby Darin, Neil Diamond, Duke Ellington, The 5th Dimension, The Four Freshmen, Lionel Hampton, Herbie Hancock, Harry James, Henry Mancini, Dean Martin, Onzy Matthews, Billy May, The Monkees, Bonnie Raitt, Lou Rawls, Lalo Schifrin, <mask>, Frank Sinatra, Nancy Sinatra, and Nancy Wilson. He played lead trumpet on the theme songs to Hawaii Five-O and The Jetsons. In early 1973 Brisbois formed the rock group Butane, featuring himself as singer and trumpeter. They recorded a demo and played regular gigs over the next two years, at one point performing on the hit television show The Midnight Special but never secured a record contract and eventually disbanded. In 1975, after the breakup of his second marriage, Brisbois had problems with  manic depression from which he had suffered all his life.He quit the music business and moved to Beverly Hills, where for a time he worked as a Porsche salesman. In 1976 or 1977, he moved to Scottsdale, Arizona to be near his sister. Eventually he began playing again. When asked what inspired him, he replied, "I was driving down a freeway in LA and heard Claus Ogerman's Gate of Dreams album." Brisbois began teaching privately and worked with Grant Wolf and the Mesa Community College Jazz Band. In addition, he taught the trumpeters of the Musicians Union sponsored Young Sounds band. He performed in bands in  Phoenix.In late May or early June 1978, he appeared as a guest with the jazz-rock group "Matrix" and commented, "I played as well as I have ever played." Less than a week later he committed suicide. Discography
With Willie Hutch
 The Mack (Motown, 1973)
 The Mark of the Beast (Motown, 1974)
 Foxy Brown (Motown, 1974)

With Stan Kenton
 Road Show (Capitol, 1959)
 The Stage Door Swings (Capitol, 1959)
 Viva Kenton! (Capitol, 1960)
 Standards in Silhouette (Capitol, 1960)
 Two Much! (Capitol, 1960)
 Kenton Live from the Las Vegas Tropicana (Capitol, 1961)
 Kenton's West Side Story (Capitol, 1961)
 A Merry Christmas! (Capitol, 1961)
 Sophisticated Approach (Capitol, 1962)
 Artistry in Bossa Nova (Capitol, 1963)
 Kenton / Wagner (Capitol, 1964)
 Stan Kenton Plays for Today (Capitol, 1966)
 Hair (Capitol, 1969)
 Kenton's Christmas (Creative World, 1970)

With Henry Mancini
 Encore! (Pacific Jazz, 1965)
 Aretha Franklin, You (Atlantic, 1975)
 The Friends of Distinction, Grazin'  (RCA Victor, 1969)
 James William Guercio, Electra Glide in Blue (United Artists, 1973)
 Herbie Hancock, Man-Child (Columbia, 1975)
 Richard Harris, The Yard Went On Forever (Dunhill, 1968)
 The Hues Corporation, Freedom for the Stallion (RCA Victor, 1973)
 Milt Jackson, Memphis Jackson (ABC Impulse!, 1970)
 James Last, Well Kept Secret (Polydor, 1975)
 Love, Forever Changes (Elektra, 1967)
 Gloria Lynne, A Very Gentle Sound (Mercury, 1972)
 Onzy Matthews, Blues with a Touch of Elegance (Capitol, 1964)
 Onzy Matthews, Sounds for the 60's!(Capitol, 1966)
 Maureen McGovern, Academy Award Performance (20th Century, 1975)
 Michael Nesmith, The Wichita Train Whistle Sings (Dot, 1968)
 Pacific Gas & Electric, Pacific Gas and Electric (Columbia, 1969)
 Dory Previn, Mythical Kings and Iguanas (United Artists, 1971)
 Quicksilver Messenger Service, Comin' Thru (Capitol, 1972)
 Bonnie Raitt, Takin' My Time (Warner Bros., 1973)
 Don Randi, 3 in the Cellar (American International) 1970)
 Freddy Robinson, The Coming Atlantis (World Pacific, 1969)
 Pete Rugolo, Ten Trumpets and 2 Guitars (Mercury, 1961)
 Evie Sands, Estate of Mind (Capitol, 1974)
 Lalo Schifrin, Bullitt (soundtrack) (Warner Bros., 1968)
 Lalo Schifrin, Rock Requiem (Verve, 1971)
 <mask>, Windmills of Your Mind (World Pacific, 1969)
 Frank Sinatra, My Kind of Broadway (Reprise, 1965)
 Nancy Sinatra, Sugar (Reprise, 1966)
 James Lee Stanley, Three's the Charm (Wooden Nickel, 1974)
 Bob Thiele & Gabor Szabo, Light My Fire (Impulse! 1967)
 Mason Williams, The Mason Williams Ear Show (Warner Bros., 1968)
 Nancy Wilson, Come Get to This (Capitol, 1975)
 Tommy Vig, Encounter with Time (Discovery, 1977)

References

External links
http://www.seeleymusic.com/brisbois/
http://www.seeleymusic.com/brisbois/brisart.htm – a thorough account of Brisbois' life
https://web.archive.org/web/20060102211047/http://nickbriz.home.mindspring.com/Brisbois/gen_Bud_Brisbois.html
http://www.coretek.org/sterlingcreekmusic/soundarchives.html – Bill Tole Big Band featuring Bud
https://soundcloud.com/audiorestoration/sets/the-festival-finale-bud – Fine Arts Festival featuring Bud

1937 births
1978 suicides
People from Edina, Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
20th-century American musicians
20th-century trumpeters
Jazz musicians from Minnesota
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Bud
Brisbois
Brisbois
Bud Shank
Bud Shank


title: William Gill (explorer)

texts:
Captain <mask> (10 September 1843 – 11 August 1882) was an English explorer and British army officer. He was born in Bangalore, India, the second child and elder son of the army officer, artist and photographer Major <mask> (1804 - 1879) and his wife <mask> (née Rickerby) (1817 - 1887). Biography

Early life and education
<mask>'s father, <mask>, served in the 44th Madras Native Infantry and married <mask>'s mother, Frances Rickerby, in 1841. <mask> was on furlough in Bangalore when <mask> was born there on 10 September 1843. The following autumn, <mask> was appointed by the East India Company to copy the murals in the Buddhist rock-cut temples at Ajanta in the Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. This was in response to a petition by the Royal Asiatic Society to the Court of Directors of the East India Company to make copies of the frescoes before they were destroyed by decay and tourism. The <mask> family lived for some years in the Bara Duree, the local palace at Ajanta that had served as a field hospital and temporary residence for the Duke of Wellington during the battle of Assaye (1803).Mrs <mask> was still there with the children in 1850, when <mask> was seven years old, but by 1856 she had moved to Brighton, leaving <mask>'s father to his hunting, drawing, painting, photography and his first Indian mistress Paroo in Ajanta. Mrs <mask> and the children lived adjacent to Brighton College, which <mask> attended as a day boy. He left the school in June 1861 with the first prizes for mathematics and divinity. After six months studying under a private tutor, <mask>, aged 19, was admitted to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. In June 1864, when not quite 21, he was commissioned in the Royal Engineers. <mask> spent the following nine years as an officer in the Royal Engineers, mostly based in Britain but also serving 18 months in India, from September 1869 to March 1871. Shortly before his return from India, he inherited a considerable fortune from Frederick Heusch of Wimbledon.Heusch, a childless man of Dutch descent, was a distant relative of <mask>'s mother. <mask> decided to stay in the army and use his fortune to pursue his love of travel and exploration while at the same time gathering intelligence to serve British national interests. Persia
<mask>'s first major expedition began in April 1873, two years after his return from India. He accompanied the distinguished cavalry officer Colonel Valentine Baker on an eight-month exploration of Persia and adjacent territories. Baker and <mask> travelled to Tbilisi (Tiflis) in Georgia thence to Baku in Azerbaijan. Having crossed the Caspian Sea, they travelled to Ashgabat in Turkmenistan, from which they hoped to explore and survey the Atrak valley. This proved impossible at that time, so they headed towards Tehran in Persia (now Iran), crossing the Alborz mountains via a pass more than 2 miles above sea level.They skirted Mount Damavand, descended into the Mazandaran forests, recrossed the mountains to Damghan, then visited Mashhad. They then travelled to the fortress of Kilat-i-Nadir, which until then had been shown on British maps in two separate locations. Next, Baker and <mask> trekked to Dargaz in the Kopet Dag Mountains. Dargaz was shown on the best British maps merely as a small town whereas in reality it was a large and thriving autonomous Kurdish district. Here <mask> was lucky to survive when he dropped his shotgun and it discharged at his feet. (His thick leather boots saved him.) Later, Baker and <mask> succeeded in their original ambition of exploring the upper Atrak valley.This again revealed the poor quality of existing British maps of the region. Baker and Gill's survey work was to prove important in settling a boundary dispute between Persia and Russia, as it enabled Britain to support the Shah of Persia's position on a factual basis. Parliamentary ambition
In April 1874, a few months after his return from Persia, <mask> stood as a parliamentary candidate for the Conservative party in a by-election at Hackney, a safe Liberal seat. He substantially raised the Tory vote but failed to get elected. He made a second attempt to become a Member of Parliament six years later in Nottingham but again failed. China and Eastern Tibet

In 1876, <mask> decided to explore China. He took advice from the eminent geographer Colonel Henry Yule at the India Office.He also consulted Thomas Thornville Cooper in London and Baron Ferdinand von Richtofen in Berlin. Cooper was the first European, other than French Roman Catholic missionaries, to penetrate the mountains west of Sichuan, whereas von Richtofen was widely considered the leading western expert on China. <mask> travelled by train from Berlin to Marseille and thence by sea to Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tianjin, the main port for Beijing (Peking). He reached the British legation at Beijing on 21 September 1876 and four days later set off on a five-week journey with Mr Carles of the legation staff, a Chinese servant, a horse-boy, three baggage carts and a team of locally recruited porters. The party headed north-east, crossed the Great Wall and went as far as the border of Liaodong. They then turned back to the coast, reaching it where the wall meets the sea. For the second half of the tour, <mask> and his party proceeded parallel to the coast as far as the Luan estuary before crossing the flat country back to Tianjin and Beijing.<mask> described this “cycle of Cathay” as “a useful prelude and preparation for the more serious work to follow”. On 23 January 1877, <mask> set off from Shanghai with his servants. He was accompanied by Edward Colborne Baber, the British representative at Chongqing, which they reached via a succession of boats on the Yangtze river on 8 April. For his main expedition, <mask> had arranged to travel with <mask> as his guide and companion. Mesny was a Jersey-born Briton who had long worked for the Chinese and was knowledgeable about all aspects of Chinese culture and lifestyle. Knowing that Mesny would not arrive for some weeks, <mask> journeyed to Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan. From there he made a month-long 400 mile circular journey in the mountains of northern Sichuan, becoming the first European to do so.<mask> arrived back at Chengdu about 20 June 1877, just before Mesny's arrival. Strained political tensions between Russia and Britain prevented <mask> from following his original planned route. Instead, he and Mesny agreed to travel via eastern Tibet to northern Burma (Myanmar). They set out on 10 July 1877 with their servants and 60 porters. They entered eastern Tibet via Tachienlu (Kangding). From there, <mask>, Mesny and their party climbed to the Tibetan plateau, which is mostly more than 2 miles above sea level. Passing through Litang, they reached Batang in the valley of a tributary of the Jinsha River, then regarded by Europeans as the true upper Yangtze.Jinsha means “golden sand” and <mask> named his book on the expedition The River of Golden Sand. Crossing the Jinsha, the party followed its valley or the ridge between it and the upper Mekong valley for 24 days to Dali City (Talifu), the western capital of Yunnan. Up to that point, <mask> had surveyed the entire route and measured the altitude with aneroid barometers and a hypsometer. They were now in known territory, as Edward Colborne Baber had already surveyed the route from Dali to the Irrawaddy while investigating the murder of <mask>'s schoolmate Augustus Margary. <mask> and Mesny arrived at Bhamo in Burma on 1 November 1877, where they met Thomas Cooper, whose advice <mask> had sought in London. Cooper was now the local British political agent; he was murdered five months later. From Bhamo, the party took a steamer down the Irrawaddy River to Rangoon and then travelled by sea to Calcutta, where they disbanded.<mask>'s scientific work, including the Chinese expeditions and the resulting 42 sheets of maps, was recognised on 26 May 1879, when the Royal Geographical Society awarded him their Patron's Gold Medal. The following year, the Geographical Society of Paris awarded <mask> a gold medal. Subsequently, at the behest of the British government, <mask> wrote a paper on the Chinese army. He presented this on 30 April 1880 at a meeting chaired by Sir Rutherford Alcock. The paper was subsequently printed by the royal printers, Harrison and Sons, for private circulation. Aftermath of the Russo-Turkish war
On his return to England from India, <mask> was formally appointed to the War Office's intelligence branch. In the Balkans, the Russo-Turkish war was coming to an end and peace negotiations were under way.Early in 1878, <mask> was sent with a friend to the Balkans, the pair posing as tourists in an effort to gather intelligence about the situation in Romania and Bulgaria. The occupying Russians quickly saw through the cover story and sent <mask> and his companion home. In the spring of 1879, <mask> was sent to Istanbul (then Constantinople) as assistant boundary commissioner for the new border between Turkey and Russia, as required by the Treaty of Berlin. He returned to England in the autumn. Aftermath of the second Anglo-Afghan war
After the British defeat by Afghan tribesmen at the battle of Maiwand in July 1880, <mask> was sent to Afghanistan. The survivors of the battle took refuge at Kandahar (Qandahar) but by the time <mask> arrived in the region, they had been relieved by General Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, who marched 10,000 soldiers 320 miles in 23 days from Kabul. <mask> therefore joined Sir Charles Macgregor in his almost bloodless campaign against the Mari tribesmen in Balochistan (now part of Pakistan).Macgregor was compiler of the “Gazetteer of Central Asia”; <mask> served him as a survey officer and was mentioned in despatches. After this mission, <mask> was due some leave. He travelled by sea from Karachi in Sind (now part of Pakistan) to Bandar Abbas in southern Persia (now Iran). He then embarked on a solo journey to Tehran and Mashhad, in the hope ultimately of reaching Merv. However, Nicholas de Giers of the Russian foreign ministry complained to the British government about <mask>'s presence near the Russian frontier and <mask> was recalled to London. He returned home via Moscow, arriving on 1 April 1882. Tripolitania and Cyrenaica
In 1881, Tunisia became a French territory.France's interest in North Africa led <mask> to seek detailed knowledge of the Ottoman-controlled provinces of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica (which now form Libya) between Tunis and Egypt. <mask> arrived in Tripoli at the beginning of November 1881. After waiting three months for a travel permit that was never issued, he and his newly recruited Syrian Christian guide, Khalîl Attîk, explored the hinterland of Tripoli without one. <mask> then intended to travel overland to Benghazi but this proved impossible, so he travelled there by steamer. He planned to go overland from Benghazi to Egypt but again could not obtain a travel permit. He, Khalîl Attîk and their camel-men secretly set off on the night of 21 April 1882 towards Egypt but were arrested by the Turkish authorities. <mask> returned to England via Constantinople, where he was reprimanded by the British Ambassador for upsetting the Turks.He arrived in London on 16 June 1882, having returned by rail and ferry via Paris. Egypt
When <mask> arrived back in London, Thomas George Baring, Earl of Northbrook and First Lord of the Admiralty, was gathering intelligence about the Bedouin tribes in the Sinai desert. An anti-European rebellion in Egypt was becoming increasingly likely and Baring's aim was to secure the Suez Canal by enlisting the support of the local sheikhs. The leading authority on the Bedouin was Professor Edward Henry Palmer of the University of Cambridge. On behalf of the Admiralty, <mask> visited Palmer, who volunteered to travel through the desert from Gaza to Suez to gauge the mood of the Bedouin. On 11 July 1882, the British fleet bombarded Alexandria. Palmer set off from Jaffa the following day, on his way to Gaza and Suez.<mask> was sent to Egypt, arriving in Alexandria on 27 July 1882. He joined the intelligence department run by Admiral Hoskins at Port Said. On 5 August, Hoskins instructed <mask> to cut the telegraph line that linked Cairo to Constantinople, thus preventing its use by the Egyptian nationalists. The section of line to be cut ran from the coast at Al Arish (90 miles east of Port Said) to Al Qantarah, where it crossed the Suez Canal. It needed to be sabotaged at a location where the neutrality of the Suez Canal was not breached and where the break could not easily be located and repaired by the nationalists. Captain <mask>, Professor Edward Palmer and Lieutenant Harold Charrington of the Royal Navy (the flag-lieutenant of Admiral Sir <mask>, the commander of the operation) set off from Suez before sunrise on 9 August. They were dressed as Arabs and were accompanied by Khalîl Attîk (the guide <mask> had employed in North Africa), Bâkhor Hassûn (a secretly Jewish cook), Meter abu Sofieh (who falsely claimed to be a head sheikh and was employed by Palmer as a guide), Salameh ibn Ayed (the false sheikh's nephew) and various camel-men.The plan was that the party would split in the desert, with Palmer and Charrington heading east for Nakhl to buy camels and <mask> travelling north to cut the telegraph line. Palmer had in his possession £3,000 in English sovereigns. On 10 August, in Wadi Sudr, the party was attacked by a group of Bedouin and Meter abu Sofieh and his nephew escaped with the £3,000. On 11 August 1882, the Bedouin executed <mask>, Edward Palmer, Henry Charrington, Khalîl Attîk and Bâkhor Hassûn. The fragmentary remains of the bodies were found by Colonel Charles Warren's search party on 24 October 1882. They were interred in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral, London, following a funeral service on 6 April 1883. Commemoration
Apart from a monument in the crypt of St Paul's, <mask> is commemorated by a stained glass window in Rochester Cathedral (which has close links with the Royal Engineers), by the Royal Geographical Society's Gill Memorial Award and by the Gill Scholarships at Brighton College.<mask> brought back to England samples of a number of plant species hitherto unknown in the west. Some of these were given Latin names honouring <mask>. They include the evergreen oak Quercus gilliana. Family
<mask> never married and had no known children. He acted a bridge between his father, Major <mask>, who remained in India, and the rest of the family in England, including Robert's estranged wife (<mask>'s mother) <mask>. <mask> died in 1879, leaving two daughters by his second Indian mistress. These were <mask> (1864-1934) and Mildred <mask> (1866-1923).<mask>, a member and strong supporter of the Church of England, ensured that both his Anglo-Indian half-sisters were educated and well looked after at a Roman Catholic convent in Mumbai (Bombay). Both girls subsequently married Irish soldiers in the British army and ultimately moved to England. <mask> was survived by his mother Frances Flowerdew <mask> (1817-1887); his younger brother, the lawyer Robert Thomas <mask> (1847-1927); his elder sister Frances Eliza Minchin <mask> (1842-1930), who married James Francis Rea in 1891; and his younger sister Lucy Annie <mask> (1849-1903) who married Willet Ram in 1874. <mask> had another sister, Rose Matilda <mask>, who was born in 1845 but died when less than three weeks old. Footnotes

External links
 Glimpses of a Victorian Hero - Captain <mask> - Explorer and Spy. Tony Hadland. 2002.1843 births
1882 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
English explorers
English people murdered abroad
Male murder victims
British people in colonial India
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich

masks:
William John Gill
Robert Gill
Frances Flowerdew Gill
William Gill
Robert Gill
William
Robert Gill
William
Robert Gill
Gill
Gill
William
William
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William
William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
William Gill
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William Mesny
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
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William Gill
William Hewett
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William Gill
William Gill
William Gill
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William Gill
Robert Gill
William
Frances Gill
Robert Gill
Annie Gill
Mary Gill
William Gill
William Gill
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William Gill


title: William R. Rathvon

texts:
<mask>, CSB, (December 31, 1854 – March 2, 1939), sometimes incorrectly referred to as <mask><mask> or <mask><mask>, is the only known eyewitness to Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address, of the over 10,000 witnesses, to have left an audio recording describing that experience. He made the recording in 1938, a year before his death. A graduate of Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and a successful businessman, he became a Christian Science practitioner, served as a public lecturer, Church treasurer and director of The First Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts. He was treasurer from 1911 until he was elected to the Church's Board of Directors, on which he served from 1918 until his death in 1939. From 1908 to 1910 he was correspondence secretary for Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy. He also authored "The Devil's Auction" often republished without attribution as "The Devil's Garage Sale". Early years
<mask> was born in 1854 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he attended grammar school and college.His mother had met his father while attending the Lutheran College in Gettysburg and her entire family, the Forneys, resided in and around Gettysburg. <mask>hvon hears Lincoln at Gettysburg
On November 19, 1863, four months after the historic Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania, a crowd of more than 10,000 gathered at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for the dedication of the National Cemetery to the soldiers who had fallen in what is widely acknowledged as the greatest battle of the Civil War (in terms of the total number of troops engaged and casualties on both sides, the intensity of the fighting, and the strategic and emotional significance of the outcome) as well as the point at which the war turned in favor of the Union and permanently against the Confederacy. Among those thousands was nine-year-old <mask>, who had traveled with his family from nearby Lancaster to hear President Lincoln speak. In a 30-minute recording, <mask>von describes searching the battlefield for souvenirs with his friends and finding Confederate muskets thrown into the bottom of a creek. He also describes the experiences of his relatives during the battle, including his uncle’s farm being used as the headquarters for Confederate General <mask> and his grandmother hiding Union soldiers from capture by Southern troops. Like most people who came to Gettysburg, the <mask> family was aware that the president of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, was going to make some remarks. The family went to the town square where the procession was to form to go out to the cemetery that had not been completed yet.At the head of the procession rode Abraham Lincoln on a gray horse preceded by a military band that was the first the young boy had ever seen. <mask>hvon describes Lincoln as so tall and with such long legs that they went almost to the ground; he also mentions the long eloquent speech given by Edward Everett of Massachusetts, whom <mask>hvon described as the "most finished orator of the day." <mask>von then goes on to describe how Lincoln stepped forward and "with a manner serious almost to sadness, gave his brief address." During the delivery, along with some other boys, young <mask>von wiggled his way forward through the crowd until he stood within 15 feet of Mr. Lincoln and looked up into what he described as Lincoln's "serious face." <mask>hvon recalls candidly that, although he listened "intently to every word the president uttered and heard it clearly," he explains, "boylike, I could not recall any of it afterwards." But he explains that if anyone said anything disparaging about "honest Abe," there would have been a "junior battle of Gettysburg." In the recording <mask>von speaks of Lincoln's speech allegorically "echoing through the hills."Education and career
<mask>von attended Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania from 1870 to 1873. By the early 1890s he was in Colorado working as a successful businessman until he was wiped out financially in the Panic of 1893. Visiting Chicago soon after with his wife, they became acquainted with Christian Science, and his wife turned to it for healing. He attended the Massachusetts Metaphysical College's primary class in 1903 and returned for the normal (teachers) class in 1907. From 1908 to 1910 he was a corresponding secretary to Mary Baker Eddy. He remained active in the Christian Science church from that time on until his death, holding a number of positions: member of the Christian Science Board of Lectureship (1911–18); editor, director, and treasurer of The Mother Church (1918); and trustee of the Christian Science Benevolent Association and the Christian Science Pleasant View Home Association. He wrote for the Christian Science Journal and Christian Science Sentinel, two of the church's periodicals.He also lectured on Christian Science, travelling extensively and he taught classes on the subject until his death in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1939. He wrote "The Devil's Auction" in 1911, an allegory that has been widely copied, often with modifications, and used in sermons as "The Devil's Garage Sale", its origin assumed to be author unknown. Marriage and family
<mask>von was married three times. In 1877 he married Lillie K. Stauffer and they had one son. Lillie <mask> died in 1880 and in 1883 he married Ella J. Stauffer. She died in 1923 and two years later he married Lora C. Woodbury. <mask> died on March 2, 1939 age 84.<mask>hvon's recorded reminiscences of Lincoln's Address
As a senior official of the Christian Science church, <mask>hvon had access to the best quality recording devices of his time. Mr. <mask>'s reminiscences were recorded at the Boston studios of radio station WRUL on February 12, 1938; hence the quality of the 78rpm record. The <mask>hvon audio recollections were known by a small circle of individuals from the time of their recording in 1938. To <mask>hvon, they were incidental to what he felt were his more important church-work responsibilities. He presumably made the recordings for historical posterity, but never promoted or sold them, dying the following year in 1939. Preserving the recording
As a teacher of Christian Science, <mask>hvon was required to organize an association of his students whose training and support was a lifelong commitment for him, and for whom he was required hold an annual reunion and an annual address. Typically, a Christian Science teacher's association survives them and continues to meet annually for many years.<mask>hvon's association of students continued to distribute copies of this recording, with some invariably ending up in the estates of deceased students whose families had no information on the recording's source. The recording sent to National Public Radio ("NPR") in the late 1990s as part of their "Quest for Sound" project was such a recording; the family knew only that they had in their possession a recording by a man named <mask> who claimed to have heard Lincoln give his Gettysburg Address. NPR aired it after doing some background research and continues to air it around Lincoln's birthday. Because a number of copies of the recording exist, it continues to surface from time to time and be "rediscovered." See also
 Gettysburg Address
 Abraham Lincoln

Notes

External links
 The full 21 minute audio recording of <mask><mask>'s eyewitness recollections of the Gettysburg Address and Lincoln as a Man
The Longyear Museum in Boston, MA
The Mary Baker Eddy Library in Boston, MA
to obtain a CD with the recording from a Boston-based Historical Organization. Transcript of one of <mask>'s professional lectures on Christian Science 1912

<mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, R
Franklin & Marshall College alumni
Converts to Christian Science from Lutheranism
Former Lutherans

masks:
William Roedel Rathvon
William V
. Rathvon
William V
. Rathbone
Rathvon
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William Rathvon
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Richard Ewell
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William Rathvon
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. Rathvon
Ratvon
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R Rathvon
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R Rathvon
William


title: Marie Elizabeth Hayes

texts:
<mask><mask>, a native of Raheny, Ireland, one of few early female medical graduates from Ireland in 1904, became a medical missionary and chief of Rewari Hospital in India part of the Cambridge Mission to Delhi. <mask> died unexpectedly from a pneumonia in 1908. Known for her work, passion, and character, a ward was built in her name in St Stephen's Hospital, Delhi. Early life
<mask> was born on May 17, 1874 in Glebe House, Raheny, Dublin, Ireland. She was the oldest daughter of Reverend Canon F.C<mask> and his wife Annabella Wilson. <mask>’s father was a Rector at Raheny Parish beginning in 1873 and her mother founded the Mothers’ Union in Ireland to promote the well-being of families.Her parent’s devotion to helping the less fortunate was passed along to <mask>. Young <mask> was guarded, but had a clear interest in missionary work and expressed this interest to her parents and her brother early on in her life. Education
<mask> started working towards her medical degree in 1897 at Alexandra College in Dublin, Ireland. She continued her education at Catholic University School of Medicine, which was associated with Royal University. Because gender exclusion in higher education, Catholic University was her only option in receiving a medical degree. At Catholic University she achieved "high status" with a silver medal in surgery, pathology, and obstetrics. She was one of few female students to achieve this status.She completed a residency in Coombe Hospital, Dublin. She was then invited to return to Coombe as a clerk based on her impact as a resident. She later received a 6-month residency in Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, one of the few hospitals that accepted female residents. She was one of only five female candidates to pass the final degree examination in May, 1904 and was the only female student to obtain an “Upper Pass.”  She was conferred with MB BCh BAO degrees. After obtaining her degree, in preparation for missionary service in India, she returned to school at the London School of Tropical Medicine for 3 months,  completed a temporary residency in the S.P.G. missionary hostel in Wandsworth, and studied Urdu. After finishing her studies, Dr. <mask> worked as a locum tenens in the Belfast Infirmary for a few months before beginning her mission in India.Call to missionary service
<mask>'s missionary call was attributed to the role her father's and mother's religious service played in her life. Her mother reported <mask> first expressed interest in missionary work in 1887, at 13 years old, and never lost her compulsion for service. Her motive in obtaining her medical degree was that so she could become a medical missionary. She worked her entire life to serve the Mission. When she was home in Ireland, <mask> was a dedicated member of the active laity at All Saints Church in Raheny. Her mother and father were also active members of the church. In India, Dr. <mask> continued to preach as a member of a Christian Mission.Missionary service
In 1905, Dr<mask> started her journey to her first mission post at Cambridge Mission to Delhi, India. She was accepted into the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (S.P.G.) in January of that year. As soon as Dr. <mask> arrived in Punjab, India, her services were essential and her workload was intense due to understaffing in the hospital. The mission was composed of 3 major hospitals. The first and largest hospital of the mission, St. Stephen’s Hospital in Delhi, was opened in 1885. This was the first mission hospital for women and children in Delhi.Dr. <mask> worked under Jenny Muller who was the first full-time doctor at this hospital. 70 miles north of Delhi, the mission had its second hospital in the city of Karnal. 70 miles southwest of Delhi, the mission had its third hospital in Rewari. Dr. <mask> eventually led the Rewari Hospital. St. Stephen’s Hospital was rebuilt in its present site in Tis Hazari, Old Delhi beginning in December 1906. Dr. <mask> spent 26 months in India working for the Mission before an early death. However, her short period of service was described as "impactful".Death
Dr. <mask> died at the age of 33. She had contracted pneumonia at Christmas in 1907 and returned to Delhi on New Year’s Day for a celebration. The persistent infection led to death on Saturday January 3, 1908. Her funeral service was held at St. Stephen’s Church in Delhi and her burial service was held at Indian Christian Cemetery. When word of her death got to her home in Ireland, a memorial service was held at All Saints' Church, Raheny, on January 6, 1908. Legacy and impression

Dr. <mask> was known for a significant impact on the mission and for paving the way for many women who wished to pursue medical degrees and residencies. After her death, a memorial fund was established in her name in Dublin.Contributions for the fund came from friends, family, and coworkers living in Dublin, England, and India. This fund was used to finance the construction of a ward in the new St. Stephen’s Hospital in Delhi. This ward was named “The <mask> Ward” for her service to the hospital in Delhi. She is additionally recognized in the hospital chapel with memorial brass name plate and separately a prayer desk inscribed with the words (in Urdu):

“For the service of God in prayer and in memory of Dr. <mask> and what work she did. Placed here by nurses of Delhi, Karnal and Rewari. Year of Jesus, 1908.”

In her home village of Raheny, a memorial Celtic cross was built. The engraved cross currently stands beside St. Assam’s Church and graveyard in the center of the village.Dr. Haye’s impact was recognized by Jenny Muller at St. Stephen’s and Rev. S. S. Allnutt, Head of Cambridge Delhi Mission for her work, spirit, and devotion to God. Rev. S.S. Allnutt wrote an introduction to At Work : Letters of <mask> <mask> when her mother chose to publish it. He spoke very highly her character and contribution to the mission. After <mask>’s death, her mother decided to compile and publish all the letters that <mask> had sent home during her work on the Cambridge Mission to Delhi. Published as At Work: Letters of <mask> <mask>, her mother hoped these letters would inspire others to continue <mask>'s work.References

1874 births
People from Raheny
Irish women medical doctors
Christian medical missionaries
Female Christian missionaries
Irish Anglican missionaries
Anglican missionaries in India
British Anglican missionaries
1908 deaths

masks:
Marie E
. Hayes
Hayes
Marie Elizabeth Hayes
. Hayes
Marie
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Marie Elizabeth
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Marie Elizabeth
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title: Claud Jacob

texts:
Field Marshal <mask>,  (21 November 1863 – 2 June 1948) was a British Indian Army officer. He served in the First World War as commander of the Dehra Dun Brigade, as General Officer Commanding 21st Division and as General Officer Commanding II Corps in the Fifth Army. During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916. He remained in command of II Corps for the Battle of Passchendaele in Autumn 1917. After the War he commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation there and then served as Chief of the General Staff in India. He went on to be General Officer Commanding Northern Command in India before temporarily becoming Commander-in-Chief, India and then taking over as Military Secretary to the India Office. Military career
<mask> was born on 21 November 1863, at Mahidpur in the Bombay Presidency of British India, to Major-General <mask> and <mask>.Educated at Sherborne School, he passed into Sandhurst and was commissioned into the Worcestershire Regiment on 9 September 1882. On 16 December 1884, stationed at Quetta, he secured his transfer from the Worcestershire Regiment to the Indian service and, in July 1886, he became adjutant of the 30th Regiment (Jacob's) Bombay Native Infantry also known as 3rd Belooch Regiment (now 12 Baloch). He first saw action with the Zhob Valley expedition of 1890 after which he was posted to the 24th (Baluchistan) Regiment of Bombay Infantry (now 6 Baloch) in 1891. Promoted to captain on 9 September 1893 and to major on 10 July 1901, he was selected to command the Zhob Levy Corps, which kept the peace in the North West Frontier Province along the Waziristan and Southern Afghanistan border. He took part in the blockade of the Mahsud Waziri tribe at the end of 1901. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 1 October 1904, he was given command of the 106th Hazara Pioneers. Promoted to brevet colonel on 1 October 1908 and to full colonel on 1 January 1911, he was appointed GSO1 of the Meerut Division on 2 September 1912.At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, <mask> went with the Meerut division, part of the Indian corps, to the Western Front. He saw action at the closing stages of the Battle of La Bassée in October 1914. Promoted to temporary brigadier-general on 5 January 1915, he was appointed to command the Dehra Dun Brigade, and led the brigade at the Battle of Neuve Chapelle in March 1915 and the Battle of Aubers Ridge in May 1915. Promoted to temporary major-general on 7 September 1915, he became General Officer Commanding the Meerut division and led the division at the Battle of Loos in October 1915. With the Indian Corps was preparing to leave the Western front, he was appointed to take over the 21st Division of the "New Armies" on 18 November 1915. Promoted to the substantive rank of major-general on 1 January 1916 and despite being wounded in March 1916, he was promoted to temporary lieutenant-general on 28 May 1916 and appointed to command II Corps in the Fifth Army in September 1916. During the Battle of the Somme, his corps undertook the British attack during the Battle of Thiepval Ridge in September 1916 and the subsequent assault on St Pierre Divion during the Battle of the Ancre in November 1916.He remained in command of II Corps, having been promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 3 June 1917, for the Battle of Passchendaele in Autumn 1917. <mask> commanded a corps of the British Army of the Rhine during the occupation there. He became Chief of the General Staff in India in January 1920 and was then both promoted to full general and appointed Aide-de-Camp to King George V on 31 May 1920. He returned home to England in 1924, and in November of that year was given the Northern Command in India. When Lord Rawlinson died in March 1925, he acted temporarily as Commander-in-Chief, India, until Sir William Birdwood took over that role in August 1925 and <mask> returned home again. He took up the appointment of Military Secretary to the India Office in April 1926 and, having been promoted field marshal on 30 November 1926, he remained at the India Office until he retired in May 1930. In retirement <mask> became Constable of the Tower of London.He was also Colonel of 2nd Battalion The Baluch Regiment (now 7th Battalion The Baloch Regiment), Colonel of the 106th Hazara Pioneers and Colonel of the Worcestershire Regiment. In January 1936 he attended the funeral of King George V and in May 1937 he attended the coronation of King George VI. He died at King's College Hospital in London on 2 June 1948 at the age of eighty-four. Family

In 1894, he married Clara Pauline Wyatt, daughter of the Reverend J. L. Wyatt, well known as a missionary and student of oriental languages in India, and also a lecturer in Tamil at Cambridge University from 1895 to 1929. The couple had one son, Edward Ian <mask> <mask>, who later became Assistant Military Secretary of the War Cabinet and Director-General of the BBC. Honours
British
KCMG – 1 January 1919
GCSI – 3 June 1930 (KCSI – 1 January 1924)
GCB – 3 July 1926 (KCB – 1917; CB – 1915)
 Knight of Grace of the Venerable Order of Saint John – 19 June 1926
Foreign
Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) – 11 March 1918
Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour (France) – 15 December 1919
Croix de guerre (France) – 7 January 1919
Distinguished Service Medal (United States) – 12 July 1919

References

Sources

External links
 Images of Claud Jacob
 Profile on Worcestershire Regiment site

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1863 births
1948 deaths
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Worcestershire Regiment officers
British field marshals
British Commanders-in-Chief of India
Indian Army generals of World War I
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
People educated at Sherborne School
Constables of the Tower of London
Military personnel from London
British Indian Army generals

masks:
Sir Claud William Jacob
Jacob
William Jacob
Eliza Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Claud
Jacob


title: Geoff Winningham

texts:
<mask> (born March 4, 1943) is an American photographer, journalist, and filmmaker best known for his photographs and documentary films focusing on Texas and Mexican culture. <mask>'s work was first recognized in the early 1970s when he published the book Friday Night in the Coliseum, featuring his photographs of professional wrestling and recorded conversations with wrestlers and fans. The book was followed in 1972 by a 16mm, black and white documentary film of the same title. Over the course of his career he has received two Guggenheim Fellowships, five grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, and numerous commissions. He has lived in Houston, Texas, and taught photography in the Department of Visual and Dramatic Arts at Rice University since 1969. In addition, he directs the Pozos Art Project, Inc., a non-profit enterprise offering art and photography opportunities to children in Texas and in Mexico. Early life and education
<mask> was born on March 4, 1943, in Jackson, Tennessee.At the age of 13, he became fascinated with cameras, immersed himself in photography, found a part-time job as a studio and darkroom assistant, built a darkroom in his family home, and made his first photo-book, a handmade volume of portraits of his friends. At the age of 14, he left home to continue his secondary education as a boarding student at Battle Ground Academy in Franklin, Tennessee. In 1961 he moved to Houston, Texas, to study at Rice University, majoring in English literature. While studying at Rice he renewed his interest in photography, encouraged by several English professors, most notably Professor Gerald O'Grady, his first and most important mentor. After earning his bachelor's degree from Rice, he entered the Master's program at the IIT Institute of Design in Chicago, Illinois, where he studied with Aaron Siskind, Arthur Siegel, and Wynn Bullock, completing his MS degree in 1968. Books
 In the Eyes of Our Children: Houston, An American City, Houston: Pozos Art Project, 2017. Of the Soil: Photographs of Vernacular Architecture and Stories of Changing Times in Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR: University of Arkansas Press, 2014.Going Back to Galveston: Nature, Funk and Fantasy in a Favorite Place, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, Text by J. Killingsworth, 94 photos. 2011. Traveling the Shore of the Spanish Sea: The Gulf Coast of Texas and Mexico, College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2010. The Pozos Art Project: Art from the 2009 Workshops, Houston, TX: Pozos Art Project, 2009. Mi Pueblo: The Pozos Children's Project, Houston, TX: The Jung Center of Houston, 2008. Along Forgotten River, Austin, TX: Texas State Historical Association, 2003. In the Eye of the Sun:  Mexican Fiestas, with essays by J. M. G. LeClezio and introduction by Richard Rodriguez, New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997.Rice University: A 75th Anniversary Portrait, Houston, TX: Rice University Press, 1987. A Place of Dreams: Houston, an American City, Houston, TX: Rice University Press, 1986. Rites of Fall: High School Football in Texas, Austin, TX: University of Texas Press,1979. <mask>: Photographs, Houston, TX: Museum of Fine Arts, 1974. Going Texan: The Days of the Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, New York, NY: Horizon Press, 1972. Friday Night in the Coliseum, Houston, TX: Allison Press, 1971. Films
 In Our Fathers' Sweetest Dreams: High School Football in Texas, (16 mm, 30 min.), produced with funding from the Southwest Alternate Media Project, 1993. The Pleasures of this Stately Dome, (16 mm, 54 min. ), produced with funding from the NEA, Public Media Section, 1976. Friday Night in the Coliseum, (16 mm, 35 min. ), produced for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, 1972. Magazine work
 "The Eye of the Bull," Texas Monthly'''', October 1991. "A Fool for Mules," Texas Monthly, May 1991."An Arabian for the Ages," Connoisseur, March 1989. "My Kind of Town," Texas Monthly, September 1988. "Football: Game of Life," Texas Monthly, October 1983. "281," Texas Monthly, July 1982. "Foat Wuth, The Eternal City," Texas Monthly, June 1982. "Houston, Texas: City of Destiny," Texas Monthly, October 1981. "Rites of Fall," American Photographer, December 1979."Friday Night Heroes," Texas Monthly, October 1976. "Beach Party," Texas Monthly, August 1976. "Our Town," Texas Monthly, June 1976. "An Apology for the Life of Joe H. Klein," Esquire, December 1973. "Mes Nuits Chaudes Dans Le Temple du Catch," Photo (Paris), December 1972. Exhibitions
 Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, 2017. Brooklyn Museum of Art, 2017.Butler Center for Arkansas Studies, Little Rock, 2015. Brandon Gallery, Houston, 2015. Koelsch Gallery, Houston, March–April 2012. Robert Anderson Gallery, New York, 2011. Wittliff Gallery, Texas State University, 2008. Beeville Art Museum, Beeville, Texas, 2005. Harrison Museum of Art, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, August–September 2004.Palm Springs Art Museum, Palm Springs, California, 2002. Special Collections Gallery, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 1999. Leica Gallery, New York, 1998. Duke University, Museum of Art, Durham, 1997. Museo Rufino Tamayo, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1996. Elizabeth Koogler McNay Museum, 1996. Sewall Gallery, Rice University, 1986.Nimbus Gallery, Dallas, 1986. San Antonio Museum of Art, May 1983. Harris Gallery, Houston, 1982. Wah Lui Gallery, Seattle, 1980. Cronin Gallery, Houston, 1977. Afterimage Gallery, Dallas, 1976. Madison Art Center, Madison, Wisconsin, 1975.Witkin Gallery, New York, 1975. Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, 1974. Collections
 Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
 Museum of Modern Art, New York,
 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,
 San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco
 Boston Museum of Art, Boston
 International Museum of Photography (George Eastman Museum), Rochester
 Harvard University Museum, Cambridge
 Princeton University Art Museum, Princeton
 Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Dallas
 San Antonio Museum of Art, San Antonio
 Museum of Photographic Arts, San Diego
 Wittliff Collections of Southwestern and Mexican Photography, San Marcos
 New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans
 United States Library of Congress, Washington,
 J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles

Awards and commissions
 Ned Shank Award for Outstanding Preservation Publication, Preserve Arkansas, 2015. John Brinkerhoff Jackson Book Prize – Special Recognition for the best book on the American landscape for Traveling the Shore of the Spanish Sea, Foundation for Landscape Studies, 2011. Ron Tyler Award for the Best Illustrated Book on Texas History and Culture for Traveling the Shore of the Spanish Sea, Texas State Historical Association, 2010. Urban Investment and Development Company, commission to photograph "Central Houston," 1983–86. National Endowment for the Arts, Media Arts Grant for a documentary film on Texas high school football, 1983.First Federal of Arkansas, commission to photograph "The Vernacular Architecture of Arkansas," 1980–81. John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, for "Photographs of Texas High School Football," 1978. National Endowment for the Arts, Photography Fellowship for "A Photographic Study of Football in Texas," 1977. Seagrams Foundation, commission to photograph "County Courthouses of the Southern United States," 1975–76. Kimbell Art Museum, commission to photograph the Kimbell Museum for the book Light is the Theme, 1975. National Endowment for the Arts, Photography Fellowship for "Photographs of Rural Festivals in Texas," 1975. National Endowment for the Arts, Public Media Grant for a film on the Houston Astrodome, 1974.John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, for "Photographs of Texas," 1972. Corporation for Public Broadcasting, Grant for the film Friday Night in the Coliseum, 1971. References

External links
 Official Website of <mask>
 Faculty Webpage at Rice University
 Pozos Art Project Website

1943 births
Living people
Landscape photographers
20th-century American photographers
Rice University faculty
People from Jackson, Tennessee

masks:
Geoffrey Lea Winningham
Geoff
Geoff Winningham
Geoff Winningham
Geoff Winningham


title: Ernst von Bibra

texts:
Dr<mask> (9 June 1806 in Schwebheim – 5 June 1878 in Nuremberg) was a German Naturalist (Natural history scientist) and author. <mask> was a botanist, zoologist, metallurgist, chemist, geographer, travel writer, novelist, duellist, art collector and trailblazer in ethnopsychopharmacology. Biography
<mask>'s father, <mask>, (*1756; † 1807), fought under General Rochambeau in the American Revolutionary War on behalf of the colonies. Later he married his brother's daughter, <mask>,(b.1778 - d. + 1857). <mask>'s father died when he was 1½ years old, and Baron <mask> (d. 1830) raised <mask> in Würzburg. He graduated at nineteen from a boarding school in Neuberg on the Danube. Baron <mask> started studying law at Würzburg but soon changed over to the natural sciences, especially chemistry.("Dr. med. & phil." Doctor of medicine & PhD) Martin Haseneier, in his foreword to the 1995 translation Plant Intoxicants relates that <mask> fought in no less than 49 duels as a young man! Many of his works have been reprinted in recent years. Besides the castle and estate at Schwebheim, <mask> was the owner of a half interest in the castle and estate at Willershausen (Herleshausen). <mask> sold his half of the castle and estate of Willershausen (Herleshausen) in 1850 to the Landgrave Carl August of Hesse. He produced: Chemical Research on Various Varieties of Pus (Berlin 1842); Chemical Research on the Bones and Teeth of Humans and Other Vertebrates (Schweinfurt 1844) and Helpful Tables for the Recognition of the Substances of Zoological Chemistry (Erlangen 1846).Then in cooperation with Geist he published: Investigations of the Diseases of the Workers in the Phosphorus Match Factories (Erlangen 1847) as well as with Harleß The Events of the Investigations of the Effects of Sulphur Fumes (Erlangen 1847). After he had published Chemical Fragments Concerning the Liver and Gall-Bladder (Braunschweig 1849), he went to Brazil and around Cape Horn. He reported on this trip in his Trips in South America (Mannheim 1854, 2 vols.). After his return he lived mostly in Nuremberg where he also set up his rich collections of natural history ethnographics and died on 5 June 1878. Here he published Comparative Investigations of the Human Brain and Those of Other Vertebrates (Mannheim 1854); The Narcotic Substances of Enjoyment and the Human Being (Nuremberg 1855); Bread and the Various Grains (Nuremberg 1860); Coffee and its Substitute (Reports at the Meetings of the Academy of Sciences in Munich, 1858); The Bronze and Copper Alloys of the Old and Most Ancient Peoples (Erlangen 1869) and Concerning Old Discoveries of Iron and Silver  (Nuremberg 1873). <mask> work on narcotics is his most famous and was recently translated into English and publish under the title Plant Intoxicants. ().This was one of the first books to examine the cultivation, preparation, and consumption of the world’s major stimulants and inebriants. The book includes seventeen chapters : 1) coffee, 2) coffee leaves as a beverage 3) tea, 4) Paraguayan Tea (yerba maté), 5) Guarana, 6) chocolate, 7) Fahan Tea (the orchid Angraecum fragrans Thouars as a source of coumarin), 8) Khat, 9) Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria) opiate derived from the "poison lettuce,"10)  thorn apple, 11) coca, 12) opium, 13) Lactucarium 14) hashish, 15) tobacco 16) Betel and Related Substances (Areca catechu, areca nut; Piper siriboa, the betel leaf) and 17) arsenous acid or arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Because of <mask>'s early investigation and writing on coffee, he is occasionally referenced in modern coffee literature. Starting with travel sketches and culturally historic descriptions rendered in novelistic style (Memories of South America, Leipzig 1861, 3 vols. ; About Chile, Peru and Brazil, Leipzig 1862, 3 vols. and others) <mask>ibra preferred to busy himself in his later years with fictional works and developed an astonishing fruitfulness in this field. Of these writings which stand out especially because of successful characterizations and descriptions of beautiful landscapes we mention: A Jewel (Leipzig 1863); A Woman with a Noble Heart (Ein edles Frauenherz was featured in a radio broadcast on 26 August 2006 reading and concert)(2nd ed., Jena 1869); The Adventures of a Young Peruvian in Germany (Jena 1870); The Nine Stations of Mr. von Scherenberg (2nd ed.Jena 1880); The Children of the Rogue:(Nuremberg 1872); Brave Women (Jena 1876.) Honors

Germany:
 Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina renamed in 2007 "German Academy of Sciences" (Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften) 1844

Bavaria:
Verdienstorden vom Heiligen Michael (Order of Merit of Saint Michael) 1854

Prussia:
Preuss. Roter Adler Orden IV. Klasse (Order of the Red Eagle 4th Class, Knight) 1854
Preuss. Kronorden III Klasse (Order of the Crown (Prussia), 3rd Class) 1869

Russia:
Received Honor from Czar Alexander II of Russia in 1860 for work with grains. <mask>ra Family

<mask> was a member of the aristocratic Franconian von Bibra family which among its members were Lorenz <mask>, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Duke in Franconia (1459–1519), Lorenz’ half brother, <mask> Bibra Papal emissary,
<mask> <mask>, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg, Duke in Franconia (1490–1544) and <mask> Bibra, Prince-Bishop, Prince-Abbot of Fulda (1711–1788). Germanisches Nationalmuseum
<mask> was one of the co-founders of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum (formerly "Germanischen Museums“) located in Nuremberg.Founded in 1852, led by close friend and fellow Franconian baron, <mask> und zu Aufsess, whose goal was to assemble a "well-ordered compendium of all available source material for German history, literature and art". <mask> donated much of his personal collection, which included art, a rich natural history and ethnographic collection,  to the museum. The "Bibra-Stube" was installed in the museum in 1887–1888. "Theory on the action of ether" Anesthesia
An outdated theory of anaesthetic action, <mask> <mask> and Emil Harless, in 1847, were the first to suggest that general anaesthetics may act by dissolving in the fatty fraction of brain cells. They proposed that anaesthetics dissolve and remove fatty constituents from brain cells, changing their activity and inducing anaesthesia. Below is the abstract of a recent German scientific paper on their work. Frühe Erlanger Beiträge zur Theorie und Praxis der äther- und Chloroformnarkose : Die tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen von <mask> <mask> und Emil Harless U. v. Hintzenstern, H. Petermann, W. Schwarz  Der Anaesthesist Issue Volume 50, Number 11 / November, 2001

Abstract of Article:

Just three months after the first application of sulphuric ether to a patient in German-speaking countries the monography Die Wirkung des Schwefeläthers in chemischer und physiologischer Beziehung was published.In this book <mask> <mask> and Emil Harless presented their experimental research on the effects of ether on humans and compared it to those on animals. The contents of the book are described. The authors "Theory on the action of ether" will be discussed in the context of contemporary criticism. Their hypothesis affected the discussion on the mechanisms of anaesthetic action up to the twentieth century. Composition of Barley
The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) cites the following composition of barley meal according to <mask> <mask>, omitting the salts:

{| border=1
| Water
| 15%
|-
| Nitrogenous compounds
| 12.981%
|-
| Gum
| 6.744%
|-
| Sugar
| 3.200%
|-
| Starch
| 59.950%
|-
| Fat
| 2.170%
|}

What others thought about <mask> Bibra

Richard Evans Schultes, "Father of Modern Ethnobotany" on <mask> Bibra
Richard Evans Schultes, Ph.D., F.L.S. who was the Curator of Economic Botany and Executive Director, Harvard Botanical Museum wrote in The plant kingdom and hallucinogens (1970):
In 1855, <mask> <mask> published the first book of its kind, Die narkotischen Genussmittel und der Mensch, in which he considered some 17 plant narcotics and stimulants and urged chemists to study assiduously a field so promising for research and so fraught with enigmas. A review of the scientific literature of the last half of the past century indicates that <mask>'s suggestions were followed, and an interdisciplinary interest in narcotics began to take hold and grow.It proved to be the spark that eventually engendered today's extraordinarily extensive and complex literature in many fields on narcotic substances. Half a century later, in 1911, another outstanding book - in reality, a much expanded and modernized successor of <mask>'s work - appeared in C. Hartwich's Die menschlichen Genussmittel. This volume considered at great length and with interdisciplinary emphasis about 30 vegetal narcotics and stimulants and mentioned many others in passing. Hartwich pointed out that <mask>'s pioneer work was out of date, that research on the botanical aspects and chemical constituents of these curiously active plants had, in 1855, scarcely begun but that, by 1911, such studies were either progressing well or had already been completed. Albert Hofmann on <mask> von Bibra
Albert Hofmann writes and quotes <mask> in his book  LSD — My Problem Child, Chapter 7. "Radiance from <mask>nger"
I visited <mask> occasionally in the following years, in Wilfingen, Germany, where he had moved from Ravensburg; or we met in Switzerland, at my place in Bottmingen, or in Bundnerland in southeastern Switzerland. Through the shared LSD experience our relations had deepened.Drugs and problems connected with them constituted a major subject of our conversation and correspondence, without our having made further practical experiments in the meantime. We exchanged literature about drugs. <mask> thus let me have for my drug library the rare, valuable monograph of Dr. <mask> <mask>ibra, Die Narkotischen Genussmittel und der Mensch [Narcotic pleasure drugs and man] printed in Nuremberg in 1855. This book is a pioneering, standard work of drug literature, a source of the first order, above all as relates to the history of drugs. What <mask>ibra embraces under the designation "Narkotischen Genussmittel" are not only substances like opium and thorn apple, but also coffee, tobacco, khat, which do not fall under the present conception of narcotics, any more than do drugs such as coca, fly agaric, and hashish, which he also described. Noteworthy, and today still as topical as at the time, are the general opinions about drugs that <mask>ibra contrived more than a century ago: The individual who has taken too much hashish, and then runs frantically about in the streets and attacks everyone who confronts him, sinks into insignificance beside the numbers of those who after mealtime pass calm and happy hours with a moderate dose; and the number of those who are able to overcome the heaviest exertions through coca, yes, who were possibly rescued from death by starvation through coca, by far exceed the few coqueros who have undermined their health by immoderate use. In the same manner, only a misplaced hypocrisy can condemn the vinous cup of old father Noah, because individual drunkards do not know how to observe limit and moderation.Arthur Schopenhauer on <mask> Bibra
The famous philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), was

masks:
. Ernst Freiherr von Bibra
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Ferdinand Johann von Bibra
Lucia Wilhelmine Caroline von Bra
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Christoph Franz von Hutten
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