title: P. F. Dahler

texts:
<mask> (21 February 1883 – 7 June 1948), more commonly known as P.F<mask> or <mask>, was one of the leading Indo (Eurasian) politicians and activists advocating integration of the native Indo-European community into the indigenous society of the Dutch East Indies (now: Indonesia). After World War II he changed his name to Amir Dachlan. Together with <mask>. Douwes Dekker, he was a strong political proponent of association between Indo-Europeans and Indonesians in the colonial Dutch East Indies and early post-colonial Indonesia. Historical context
See also Indos in pre-colonial history

From pre-colonial times (16th, 17th and 18th centuries) up to the first century of formal colonisation of the Dutch East Indies (19th century) the Eurasian hybrid culture of Indo-Europeans was very closely related to the indigenous cultures of the Indies archipelago. Although Indos were part of the European legal class its lingua franca and much of its practices and beliefs were derived from its indigenous maternal lineage.See also Indos in colonial history
In the 20th century the assault on Indo culture in the Dutch East Indies to Westernise accelerated, rapidly enforcing a one-sided identification with Dutch culture rigorously imposed by the ruling colonial authorities. From their historic role as indispensable intermediaries and change agents, the Indos were increasingly reduced to a marginal position in colonial society. Simultaneously the Dutch Ethical Policy created an educated indigenous elite increasingly voicing the idea of Indonesian national independence. For the relatively small Indo-European community (less than 0.5% of the total native population) this posed the challenge of positioning itself between the emerging forces of the Indonesian National Awakening and the repressive forces of the colonial power. Throughout the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II and the following Indonesian revolution the existing estrangement between the native Indo-European population and indigenous peoples only widened and intensified. In the first half of the 20th century during both the Dutch and Japanese colonial period as well as the Indonesian revolution <mask> was one of the leading Indo-European figures voicing the idea of so-called 'Association' i.e. integration of the Indo-Europeans into the indigenous population.Pre–World War II
<mask> was born on 21 February 1883 in Semarang. He spoke several indigenous languages and had risen to the rank of 'Controleur' in the colonial civil service in the Dutch East Indies. In 1918 he befriended famous politician and activist E.F.E. Douwes Dekker and became a leader of the new National Indische Party. 1922 he became that party's delegate in the People's Assembly (Dutch: Volksraad). In 1938 he was an editor of the Malay language weekly 'Penindjauan'. Here he befriended the indigenous intellectuals Amir and Sam Ratulangi.At the same time he was editor in chief of the Malay language paper 'Bintang Timoer' (English: Eastern Star). He was also a teacher in amongst others Douwes Dekker’s  ‘Ksatrian’ schools as well as the ‘Pergoeroean Rakjat’ schools. World War II
During the Japanese occupation in World War II the Japanese found it hard to determine their position regarding the Eurasian population of the Dutch East Indies. Hesitant to imprison the relatively large number of Indos and in need of an administrative backbone to support their occupation of the outstretched and populous archipelago their initial stance towards the Indos was one of relative leniency. The Japanese clearly chose to focus on their Asian descent, rather than their European descent and continued to groom the Indos through much of the occupation. Their attempts had little to no avail as Indos continued to cling to their western heritage. In contrast the Eurasian community in neighbouring Malaya, that was hectored and admonished in the same way as the Indos in the 'Japanese East Indies', but that did not constitute any serious problem for the Japanese occupier.During this whole period <mask> remained consistent in his beliefs of association and continued to call for integration of Indos into indigenous Indonesian society. <mask> himself in fact preferred the term ‘Eurasian’ iso the more common term ‘Indo-European’ wanting to emphasise the Asian element of Indos. He became the leader of the pro-Indonesian Indo movement and throughout the occupation attempted to elucidate the Japanese and Indonesian viewpoints. In August 1943 <mask> became head of the so-called 'Kantor Oeroesan Peranakan' (KOP), 'Office for Indo Matters' also more commonly known as the 'Dahler Office'. 'Belanda-Indo' (Dutch-Indo) the earlier Malay term used by the Japanese for Indos was now changed to 'Peranakan' (Descendant). In September 1943 Indos were officially labelled 'non-hostile', and the Japanese promised to release Indos from their civilian prison camps. Additionally, Indos were allowed to cash in 30% of their bank savings and send their children to school again.During another round of Japanese registration in October 1943, Indos had to provide proof demonstrating at least 7 Indo or indigenous ancestors. Still many Indonesians believed that the deeply rooted differences between themselves and the Indos could not be eradicated overnight, simultaneously the reactionary response of many Indos was to straight out reject the idea of being equated with Indonesians. Sentiments in the Indo community were hurled to and fro between pro- or anti Dutch and pro- or anti Indonesian and Japanese feelings. Overall the majority of Indos remained fiercely proud of their European roots and opposed both Japanese and Indonesian attempts to denounce their western identity. Towards the end of WWII repressive measures towards Indos became more aggressive. The number of Indos imprisoned by the Japanese, in fact, continued to increase during the course of the occupation accumulating to 35% of the total Indo community. In 1944 a more radical group of pro-Indonesian Indos under leadership of Van den Eeckhout were added to the Dahler office.The older <mask>, who was known to be a quiet and amiable man, did not take a liking to the militant and sometimes harsh approach of the newcomers, but was unable to temper it, as Van den Eeckhout was being directly instructed by the Japanese. October 1944 in a youth camp set up for Indo boys south of Dampit 13 boys (age 16 to 21) were accused of subversive behaviour and publicly beheaded by the Japanese. Post WWII
<mask> was the only Indo who participated in the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) and established by the Japanese in May 1945. After Indonesia's declaration of independence <mask> was a member of the political section of the Indonesian National Party (PNI). Together with independence leaders Sukarno and Sjahrir he continued to groom Indos to join the national revolution, but their efforts were undone by extremist revolutionary forces during the violent Bersiap period. February 1946 <mask> was arrested in Batavia by the Dutch and accused of collaboration with Japan. Although the Dutch considered him morally culpable, no actual criminal grounds for conviction were found and he was eventually granted amnesty.In May 1947 <mask> moved to Republican territory and was reunited with his old friend Douwes Dekker, who had secretly returned from exile. <mask> died on 7 June 1948 in Jogjakarta without witnessing the official transfer of Dutch authority to the Indonesian Republic. After Indonesian independence in 1949 the young nation continued to face economic downturn and contra-revolutionary turmoil threatening its national unity. Sukarno’s reactionary policy of anti-Dutch confrontation indirectly stimulated anti-Indo sentiments leading to the Indo diaspora. Ironically in an effort to reduce repatriation of Indos to the Netherlands the Dutch government now actively promoted Indonesian citizenship for Indo-Europeans, the very idea <mask> had always fought for. <mask>'s tireless efforts to persuade Indo-Europeans to associate themselves with the indigenous peoples were often misconstrued as acts of betrayal, causing much resentment among his fellow Indo compatriots. Over the years his stance has been largely vindicated by advancing historic insights and more objective reflective analysis.Family

Married to Eleonora Helena Emilie Maijer (3 November 1884 – 5 March 1916), daughter of <mask> Maijer and Wilhelmina Adriana Noordhoorn. They had at least one son named Rudolf Antoine <mask> (16 July 1914 – 3 June 1992). After the death of his first wife, he married his second wife <mask> Wattiez and had at least one daughter, <mask>-<mask>, married to <mask> <mask>, and a son named L.A. (Loet) <mask>. Notes

References
 Meijer, Hans In Indië geworteld. De 20ste eeuw. (Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2004) P.67, 180, 217–218, 220, 222, 225, 227–228, 232–235, 242, 265, 380
 Touwen-Bouwsma, E. “Japanese minority policy; The Eurasians on Java and the dilemma of ethnic loyalty.” in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 152, no.4. ‘Japan, Indonesia and the WarMyths and realities.’ (Publisher: KITLV, Leiden, 1996)

External links
 Online KITLV journal.1883 births
1948 deaths
Dutch people of Indonesian descent
Indonesian people of Dutch descent
Indo people
People from Semarang
Dutch politicians
Indonesian politicians
Converts to Islam
Indonesian Muslims
Dutch Muslims
Members of the Central Advisory Council

masks:
Pieter Frederich Dahler
. Dahler
Frits Dahler
E F E
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Dahler
Wilhelm Friedrich
Dahler
Pauline Françoise
Sophie Faubel
Dahler
Frederik
Faubel
Dahler


title: Murder of Jean McConville

type: original

texts:
<mask> (née Murray; 7 May 1934 – December 1972) was a woman from Belfast, Northern Ireland, who was kidnapped and murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and secretly buried in County Louth in the Republic of Ireland in 1972 after being accused by the IRA of passing information to British forces. In 1999, the IRA acknowledged that it had killed <mask> and eight others of the "Disappeared". It claimed she had been passing information about republicans to the British Army in exchange for money and that a transmitter had been found in her apartment. A report by the Police Ombudsman found no evidence for this or other rumours. Before the Troubles, the IRA had a policy of killing informers within its own ranks. From the start of the conflict the term informer was also used for civilians who were suspected of providing information on paramilitary organisations to the security forces. Other Irish republican and loyalist paramilitaries also carried out such killings.As she was a widowed mother of ten, the McConville killing was particularly controversial. Her body was not found until 2003, and the crime has not been solved. The Police Ombudsman found that the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) did not begin to investigate the disappearance properly until 1995. Biography
<mask> was born on 7 May 1934 to a Protestant family in East Belfast but converted after marrying <mask>, a Catholic former British Army soldier, with whom she had ten children. After being intimidated out of a Protestant district by loyalists in 1969, the <mask> family moved to West Belfast's Divis Flats in the Lower Falls Road. Arthur died from cancer in January 1972. At the time of her death, <mask> lived at 1A St Jude's Walk, which was part of the Divis Flats complex.This was an IRA stronghold, from which attacks were regularly launched against the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Since the death of her husband, she had been raising their ten children, who were aged between six and twenty. Their son Robbie was a member of the Official IRA and was interned in Long Kesh at the time of her death. He defected to the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in 1974. Killing
In the months leading up to her death, tension and suspicion grew between McConville and her neighbours. One night shortly before her disappearance, she was allegedly attacked after leaving a bingo hall and warned to stop giving information to the British Army. According to police records, on 29 November 1972 a British Army unit found a distressed woman wandering in the street.She told them her name was McConville and that she had been attacked and warned to stop informing. One of McConville's children claimed she was kidnapped the night after this incident, but others gave the date of the kidnapping as 7 December. On the night of her disappearance, four young women took McConville from her home at gunpoint, and she was driven to an unknown location. Dolours Price claimed that she was one of those involved in driving her across the border. McConville was killed by a gunshot to the back of the head;  there was no evidence of any other injuries to her body. Her body was secretly buried across the border on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula in the north of County Louth, about 50 miles from her home. The place of her death is uncertain.Although no group admitted responsibility for her disappearance, there were rumours that the IRA had killed her for being an informer. Another rumour is that she was killed because neighbours claimed they saw her helping a badly wounded British soldier outside her home; <mask>'s children say they recall her helping a wounded British soldier some time before their father died in January 1972. In a 2014 interview published in the Sunday Life, former Irish republican Evelyn Gilroy claimed the person who had tended to the soldier was her [Gilroy's] sister. The IRA did not admit involvement until after the signing of the Good Friday Agreement. It claimed she was killed because she was passing information about republicans to the British Army. Former IRA member Brendan Hughes claimed the IRA had searched her flat some time before her death and found a radio transmitter, which they confiscated. He and other former republicans interrogated her and claimed she admitted the British Army was paying her for information about republicans.Hughes claims that, because of her circumstances, they let her go with a warning. However, he claims when the IRA found she had resumed working for the British Army, it decided to "execute" her. Usually the bodies of informers were left in public as a warning, but the IRA secretly buried McConville, apparently because she was a widowed mother of ten. The IRA had first done this two months earlier, when it killed and buried two IRA members who were alleged to be working undercover for the British Military Reaction Force (MRF). Aftermath
After her disappearance, McConville's seven youngest children, including six-year-old twins, survived on their own in the flat, cared for by their 15-year-old sister Helen. According to them, the hungry family was visited three weeks later by a stranger, who gave them McConville's purse, with 52 pence and her three rings in it. On 16 January 1973, the story of the abduction appeared on the front page of the Belfast Telegraph, under the headline "Snatched mother missing a month".The following day, the children were interviewed on the BBC television programme Scene Around Six. The children reported to the social services, and were immediately brought into local council care. The family was split up by social services. Among the consequences of the killing, <mask>'s orphaned son Billy was sent to De La Salle Brothers
Boys' Home, Rubane House, Kircubbin, County Down, notorious for child abuse; he testified in 2014 to the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, describing repeated sexual and physical abuse, and starvation, saying "Christians looking after young boys – maybe they were Christians, but to me they were devils disguised in that uniform." Within two days of her kidnapping, one of her sons reported the incident to the RUC and the British Army. However, the Police Ombudsman did not find any trace of an investigation into the kidnapping during the 1970s or 1980s. An officer told the Ombudsman that CID investigations in that area of Belfast at that time were "restricted to the most serious cases".On 2 January 1973, the RUC received two pieces of information stating: "it is rumoured that <mask> had been abducted by the [IRA] because she is an informer". In March 1973, information was received from the British Army, saying the kidnapping was an elaborate hoax and that McConville had left of her own free will. As a result, the RUC refused to accept that <mask> was missing, preferring to believe an anonymous tip that she had absconded with a British soldier. The first investigation into her kidnapping appears to have taken place in 1995, when a team of RUC detectives was established to review the cases of all those who were thought to have been kidnapped during the conflict. In 1999, the IRA gave information on the whereabouts of her body. This prompted a prolonged search, co-ordinated by the Garda Síochána, the Republic of Ireland's police force, but no body was found. On the night of 26 August 2003, a storm washed away part of the embankment supporting the west side of Shelling Hill Beach car park, near the site of previous searches.This exposed the body. On 27 August, it was found by passersby while they were walking on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) in County Louth, at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula. <mask> was subsequently reburied beside her husband Arthur in Holy Trinity Graveyard in Lisburn. Investigation

Police Ombudsman's report
In April 2004 the inquest into <mask>'s death returned a verdict of unlawful killing. In 2006 the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Nuala O'Loan, published a report about the police's investigation of the murder. It concluded that the RUC did not investigate the murder until 1995, when it carried out a minor investigation. It found no evidence that she had been an informer, but recommended the British Government go against its long-standing policy regarding informers and reveal whether she was one.Journalist Ed Moloney called for the British Government to release war diaries relating to the Divis Flats area at the time. War diaries are usually released under the thirty-year rule, but those relating to Divis at the time of McConville's death are embargoed for almost ninety years. The police have since apologised for its failure to investigate her abduction. In January 2005, Sinn Féin party chairman Mitchel McLaughlin claimed that the killing of McConville was not a crime, saying that she had been executed as a spy in a war situation. This prompted Irish journalist Fintan O'Toole to write a rebuttal, arguing that the abduction and extrajudicial killing of McConville was clearly a "war crime by all accepted national and international standards". The IRA has since issued a general apology, saying it "regrets the suffering of all the families whose loved ones were killed and buried by the IRA". PSNI investigation and Boston College tapes
In August 2006, the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), Sir Hugh Orde, stated that he was not hopeful anyone would be brought to justice over the murder, saying "[in] any case of that age, it is highly unlikely that a successful prosecution could be mounted."Boston College had launched an oral history project on the Troubles in 2001. It recorded interviews with republicans and loyalists about their involvement in the conflict, on the understanding that the tapes would not be released until after their deaths. Two of the republican interviewees, Brendan Hughes and Dolours Price, both now deceased, admitted they were involved in <mask>'s kidnapping. Both became diehard opponents of the Good Friday Agreement and Sinn Féin's support of it. They saw Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams as a traitor for negotiating the agreement and persuading the IRA to end its campaign. In 2010, after Hughes's death, some of his statements were published in the book Voices from the Grave. He claimed <mask> had admitted being an informer, and that Adams  ordered her disappearance.In a 2010 newspaper interview, Price also claimed Adams ordered her to participate in McConville's kidnapping. Price, who died in 2013, said she gave the interviews as revenge against Adams. Former republican prisoner Evelyn Gilroy, who lived near McConville, claimed Adams was an IRA commander and the only person who could have ordered the killing.<ref>"'Arrest Gerry Adams now' - former republican prisoner breaks her silence on IRA murder of <mask>" , The Belfast Telegraph, 24 April 2014; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref>

Adams has denied any role in the death of McConville. He said "the killing of <mask> and the secret burial of her body was wrong and a grievous injustice to her and her family". In 2011, the PSNI began a legal bid to gain access to the tapes. Acting on a request from the PSNI, the United States Justice Department tried to force Boston College to hand them over. Boston College had promised those interviewed that the tapes would not be released until after their deaths, and other interviewees said they feared retribution if the tapes were released.Following a lengthy court battle, the PSNI was given transcripts of interviews by Hughes and Price. 2014 arrests
In March and April 2014, the PSNI arrested a number of people over the kidnapping and killing of <mask>. Ivor Bell, former IRA Chief of Staff, was arrested in March 2014. Shortly afterwards, he was charged with aiding and abetting in her murder. "Pensioner bailed over McConville murder" . UTV News. 26 March 2014; accessed 5 May 2014.In April, the PSNI arrested three people who were teenagers at the time of the kidnapping: a 56-year-old man and two women, aged 57 and 60. All were released without charge. "Further arrests over McConville murder" , UTV News, 17 April 2014; accessed 5 May 2014. Following Bell's arrest in March, there was media speculation that police would want to question Gerry Adams due to the claims made by Hughes and Price. Adams maintained he was not involved, but had his solicitor contact the PSNI to find whether they wanted to question him. On 30 April, after being contacted by the PSNI, Adams voluntarily arranged to be interviewed at Antrim PSNI Station. He was arrested and questioned for four days before being released without charge.A file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) to decide whether further action should be taken, but there was "insufficient evidence" to charge him. The arrest took place during an election campaign. Sinn Féin claimed that the timing of the arrest was politically motivated; an attempt to harm the party's chances in the upcoming elections. Alex Maskey said it was evidence of a "political agenda [...] a negative agenda" by elements of the PSNI. <mask>'s family had campaigned for the arrest of Adams over the murder. Her son Michael said: "Me and the rest of my brothers and sisters are just glad to see the PSNI doing their job. We didn't think it would ever take place [Mr Adams' arrest], but we are quite glad that it is taking place."In a later interview on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4, he stated that he knew the names of those who had abducted and killed his mother, but that: "I wouldn't tell the police [PSNI]. If I told the police now a thing, me or one of my family members or one of my children would get shot by those [IRA] people. It's terrible that we know those people and we can't bring them to justice." 2018
Patrick Radden Keefe's 2018 book Say Nothing: A True Story of Murder and Memory in Northern Ireland'' focuses on the history of the Troubles starting from McConville's death. According to Keefe, Dolours Price told Ed Moloney and Anthony McIntyre that three IRA volunteers were present at McConville's killing: former Unknowns commander Pat McClure, Price and a third volunteer whom Price alleged fired the fatal shot. However, Moloney and McIntyre refused to tell Keefe who this person was, as the volunteer was still alive at the time. Nevertheless, Keefe claimed to have identified the IRA volunteer who pulled the trigger.See also
Columba McVeigh
Disappearance of Peter Wilson
Gerard Evans
Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains
Internal Security Unit
List of kidnappings
Murder of Gareth O'Connor
Murder of Thomas Oliver
Robert Nairac
Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)

References

External links
"Statement on the Abduction and Killing of Mrs <mask> in December 1972", (dated 8 July 2006) by P O’Neill, Irish Republican Publicity Bureau, Dublin

1970s missing person cases
1972 murders in the United Kingdom
1972 in Northern Ireland
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Enforced disappearances in Northern Ireland
Missing person cases in Ireland
Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
Terrorism deaths in Northern Ireland
Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland
History of County Louth

masks:
Jean McConville
McConville
Jean Murray
Arthur McConville
McConville
Jean McConville
McConville
McConville
Jean McConville
McConville
McConville
McConville
McConville
McConville
Jean McConville
Jean McConville
Jean McConville
Jean McConville
Jean McConville


title: Marie-Paule Pileni

texts:
Marie-<mask> is a French physical chemist who was born in Tananarive, Madagascar. She is an Emeritus Professor at Sorbonne University and a Senior Member, since 1999, and administrator (2004–2011) of the Institut Universitaire de France. Scientific Achievements
Professor <mask>’s research has been highly interdisciplinary over her entire scientific career. Her accomplishments have conducted to several breakthroughs in nanotechnology. She paved the way to find new physics, chemistry and energy release out of the various nanostructures she developed. Her discoveries over the past thirty years provide various long-term fundamental and technological advances in biomedicine, Solar energy or chip design. She pioneered the use of colloids as nanoreactor to control inorganic nanocrystals growth processes and to assemble atoms in order to produce nanocrystals with various size and shapes.She demonstrated that nanoreactors can be used to modify chemically macromolecules such as proteins and enzymes opening a new approach to enzyme catalysis. In addition, she showed that incompressible nanocrystals and coating agents, acting like mechanical springs holding together the nanoreactor, replace atoms and atomic bonds respectively in atomic crystals. She highlighted that collective chemical and physical intrinsic properties emerge from such 3D superlattices called colloid crystals or supracrystals. Some of them are in prefect alignment with atomic crystals. Moreover, she discovered that the crystalline structure of nanocrystals plays a major role on the chemical and physical properties of both nanocrystals and their assemblies. Such suprastructures dispersed in aqueous solution operate as efficient universal "nanoheaters", a brand-new concept she introduced. Such control of thermal energy release is one of the major challenges in various research areas related to energy release.She succeeds to self-assemble nanocrystals in tumor cells. Furthermore, such suprastructures target different compartments of the tumor microenvironment and trigger local photothermal damages that are inaccessible for isolated nanocrystals and not predicted by global temperature measurements. She has always been sensitive to Women in science careers. She trained more than a hundred scientists from all over the world (USA, Asia, Europe), half being women. From 2005 to 2007, she was Vice-President of the Women in Science Committee reporting to the French Minister of Research. Education and career
She is the daughter of <mask>, Administrator in Chief of the École nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer, and of Marie-Pasquine Micheletti, President of the French Red Cross. She studied, from 1961 to 1966, at the Maison d'éducation de la Légion d'honneur (school for children of Légion d’Honneur members), then at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie (1967–1969) and at the Université Paris-Sud 11 (1970–1972).There she obtained a honors degree in physical chemistry (1968), a Ph.D (1969) and a D.Sc. (thèse du doctorat d’Etat) (1977). She became a demonstrator (1969–1974), assistant lecturer  (1974–1983), associate professor (1983–1990), full professor (1990–1997), and finally distinguished professor (since 1997). She was director, between 1996 and 2000, of the Structure and Reactivity of Interfaces Laboratory (SRI), a Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) joint unit. Since 2004, she has been a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology at Atlanta. In 2000, she created the Laboratoire des Matériaux Mésoscopiques et Nanométriques (LM2N) (Mesoscopic and Nanometric Materials Laboratory). Along with her research work, she became administrator (2004–2010) of the Institut Universitaire de France IUF (as stated above).Moreover, she was Auditor (1987–88) of the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Défense Nationale, Auditor (1989) of the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Défense Européenne (European Defense Advanced Studies Institute) and Auditor (1990–91) of the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Sécurité Intérieure (Internal Security Advanced Studies Institute) (IHESI now INHESJ). Scientific honors and awards
 2000: Langmuir Prize of the American Chemical Society. 2001: French citation laureate, Institute for Scientific Information. Award for most cited French scientist between 1981 and 1998. 2001: Lecture Award of Chemical Society of Japan, Division of Colloids and Surface Science. 2002: Doctorate honoris causa of the Chalmers University of Technology. 2003: Gay-Lussac Humboldt Prize, Germany.Since 2003: Member of the European Academy of Sciences. 2004: Descartes-Huygens Prize of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Since 2004: Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. 2005: Blaise Pascal Medal of the European Academy of Science. 2006: Lecture for Marie Curie 100 years anniversary. 2006: Emilia Valori Prize of the French Academy of Sciences. Since 2009: Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom.Since 2010: Member of the Academia Europaea. 2011: Member of AcademiaNet. 2011: Research Grants from the European Research Council. 2011: Catalán-Sabatier Lectureship award from the Spanish Royal Society of Chemistry
 2012: Foreign member of The Royal Society of Arts and Sciences in Gothenburg. 2014: Journal Colloid Interface Science, JCIS, Life Achievement Award. 2015: Honorary Holmberg Lecture Chalmers University of Technology
 2016:	Pierre Süe award, from the French Chemical Society
 2017:	Franco-American Lectureship prize from the American Chemical Society and French Chemical Society
 2021:	Marie-Paule Pileni Festschrift- The Journal of Physical Chemistry

Other honors
 2012-2014: Member of the council scientific of Defense. 2013: Commandeur dans l’Ordre National du Mérite.2017: Commandeur dans l'Ordre National de la Légion d’Honneur. Major publications
 Reverse micelles as hosts for proteins and small molecules; P.P. Luisi, M. Giomini, M.P<mask>, B. Robinson; Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 947, 209–216, (1988).Reverse micelles : a microreactors; M.P. Pileni; J. Phys.Chem. 97, 6961-6974 (1993). Nanosized Particles Made in Colloidal Assemblies; M.P. Pileni; Langmuir 13, 3266-3276 (1997). Nanocrystals self assemblies: fabrication and collective properties; M.P<mask>; J. Phys.Chem. 105, 3358-3372 (2001). Mesostructured Fluids in oil rich regions: Structural and templating approaches; M.P. Pileni; Langmuir 17, 7476-7487 (2001). Role of soft colloidal templates in the control of size and shape of inorganic nanocrystals; M.P<mask>; Nature Materials 2, 145-150 (2003). Control of the size and shape of inorganic nanocrystals at various scales from nano to macrodomains; M.P.Pileni; J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 9019-9038 (2007). Self-assembly of inorganic nanocrystals: Fabrication and collective intrinsic properties; M.P. Pileni; Acc. of Chem. Res.40, 685-693 (2007). Supracrystals of inorganic nanocrystals: An open challenge for new physical properties; M.P. Pileni; Acc. Chem. Res. 41, 1799-1809 (2008). How to produce 2D self-organizations of inorganic nanocrystals and how do they affect the chemical and physical properties; M.P.Pileni; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 11821–11835, (2010). Analogy Between Atoms in a Nanocrystal and Nanocrystals in a Supracrystal: Is It Real or Just a Highly Probable Speculation? ; N. Goubet, M. P<mask>;  J. Phys.Chem. Lett. 2, 1024–1031, (2011). Supra and Nano crystallinity : Specific properties related to crystal growth mechanisms and nanocrystallinity; M.P.Pileni, Acc. Chem. Res. 45, 1965-1972 (2012).Crystallinity Segregation upon Selective Self- Assembling of Gold Colloidal Single Nanocrystals; H.Portales, N. Goubet, S.Sirotki, E. Duval, A. Mermet, P. Albouy, and M.P. Pileni Nano Lett. 12, 5292−5298, (2012). Unexpected electronic properties of micrometer-thick supracrystals of Au nanocrystals; P. Yang, I. Arfaoui, T. Cren, N. Goubet and M.P. Pileni, Nano Lett. 12, 2051–2055, (2012). Simultaneous Growths of Gold Colloidal Crystals; N. Goubet, H. Portalès, C. Yan, I.Arfaoui1, P.A.Albouy, A. Mermet and M.P.Pileni J.Am..Chem.Soc., 134, 3714-3719 (2012). Coherent Longitudinal Acoustic Phonons in Three-Dimensional Supracrystals of Cobalt Nanocrystals; I. Lisiecki, D. Polli, C. Yan, G. Soavi, E. Duval, G. Cerullo and M.P. Pileni Nano Lett. 13,, 4914-4919 (2013). Modulating the Physical Properties of Isolated and Self-Assembled Nanocrystals by Change in Their Nanocrystallinity; N. Goubet, C.Yan, D. Polli, H.Portalès, I.Arfaoui, G. Cerullo and M. P. Pileni Nano Lett. 13,  504−508 (2013). Spontaneous formation of high-index planes in Au single domain nanocrystal superlattices; N. Goubet, J.Yang, P.A.Albouy and M.P.Pileni Nano Lett.14, 6632-6638 (2014). Negative Supracrystals Inducing a FCC-BCC Transition in a Gold Nanocrystal Superlattice; N. Goubet and M-P. Pileni "Nano Res''. 7, 171-179 (2014). Control of the oxygen and cobalt atoms diffusion through Co nanoparticles differing by their crystalline structure and size Z. Yang, N. Yang,  J. Yang,  J. Bergström and M.P. Pileni "Adv.Funct.Mater". 25, 891-897 (2015). Beyond Entropy: Magnetic Forces Induce Formation of Quasicrystalline Structure in Binary Nanocrystal Superlattice; Z. Yang, J. Wei, P. Bonville, M.P.<mask>" J.Am. Chem Soc" 137, 4487−4493 (2015). Nano-supracrystallinity; M.P.<mask> "EPL" 109 58001 (2015). Engineering the magnetic dipolar interactions in three-dimensional binary supracrystals via mesoscale alloying; Z. Yang, J. Wei, P. Bonville, M.P. Pileni" Adv. Funct.Mater"  25 4908- (2015). Ligand Exchange Governs the Crystal Structures in Binary Nanocrystal Superlattices; J. Wei, N. Schaeffer and M. <mask>" J.Am. Chem. Soc" 137 14773-14784 (2015). Hierarchical mechanical behavior of cobalt supracrystals related to nanocrystallinity; M.Gauvin, N. Yang, Z. Yang, I.Arfaoui and M.P.Pileni" Nanoresearch"  8 3480-3487 (2015). Supracrystalline Colloidal Eggs: Epitaxial Growth and Freestanding Three-Dimensional Supracrystals in Nanoscaled Colloidosome; Z.Yang, T. Altantzis, D. Zanaga, S. Bals, G. Van Tendeloo, M.P Pileni" J.Amer. Chem.Soc" 138 3493–3500 (2016). Dispersion of Hydrophobic Co Supracrystal in Aqueous Solution; N. Yang, Z. Yang, M. Held, P. Bonville, P.A.Albouy, R. Lévy, M.PPileni" ACS Nano" 10 2277–2286 (2016). 3D superlattices of uniform metal nanocrystals differing by their sizes called binary supracrystals; J. Wei,  Z. Yang, and M. <mask>"  EPL" 119 38005, (2017). Water-Dispersed Hydrophobic Au Nanocrystal Assemblies with a Plasmon Fingerprint; N. Yang, C.Deeb, J.L Pelouard, N. Felidj and M.P. Pileni"  ACS Nano" 11 7797−7806, (2017). Impact of the metallic crystalline structure on the properties of nanocrystals and their mesoscopic assemblies; M.P.Pileni"  Acc. Chem. Res" 50 1946–1955 (2017).Light–heat conversion dynamics in highly diversified water-dispersed hydrophobic  nanocrystal assemblies, A.Mazzanti, Z. Yang, M. G. Silva, N. Yang, G. Rizza,  P.E. Coulon, C. Manzonif, A. M. de Paula, G. Cerullo, G. Della Valle and M.P. Pileni Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116,  8161-8166 (2019)
Self-Assemblies of Nanocrystals in Tumor Cells: Controlling the Intracellular Fate, Manipulation, and Photothermal Effects,J.Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 37, 20143–20156
Self-assemblies of Fe3O4 nanocrystals: towards nanoscale precision of photothermal effects in the tumor microenvironment. A. Nicolas-Boluda, Z.Yang, T.Guilbert, L. Fouassier, F. Carn, F. Gazeau,  M. P. Pileni Adv. Funct. Mater., 2021, 31, 2006824 (1-17)
Intracellular Fate of Hydrophobic Nanocrystal Self-Assemblies in Tumor Cells. A. Nicolas-Boluda, Z. Yang, I. Dobryden, F. Carn, N. Winckelmans, Ch.Péchoux, P. Bonville, S. Bals, P. M. Claesson, F. Gazeau, and M. P Pileni Adv. Funct. Mater., 2020, 30, 2004274 (1-15)

References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
French physical chemists
Officers of the National Order of Merit (France)

masks:
Paule Pileni
Pileni
Christophe Pileni
. Pileni
. Pileni
. Pileni
. Pileni
Pileni
Pileni
P Pileni
P Pileni


title: Joe Baker

texts:
<mask> (17 July 1940 – 6 October 2003) was an England international footballer. Born in Woolton in Liverpool, England, he spent virtually his entire childhood growing up in Motherwell, Scotland. He is notable for being the first professional player to have played for England without having previously played in the English football league system, and for scoring over 100 goals in both the English and Scottish leagues. His brother <mask> was also a professional footballer, who played internationally for the United States. Early years
<mask>'s mother was Scottish. His father, George, born in Woolton, was a sailor. When living in New York, <mask>'s elder brother, Gerry, was born in 1938.After the outbreak of World War 2, the family moved to Liverpool when George volunteered for the Merchant Marines. George survived his boat being torpedoed but soon after died from the injuries he received. The family then evacuated to Motherwell in Scotland, just six weeks after <mask>’s birth and this is where the <mask> brothers spent the rest of their childhood. Club career

Hibernian
A centre forward, <mask> spent a month on trial with Chelsea as a youngster, but was not signed. He signed professional terms with Hibernian after playing Junior football for local Coltness United, and was then farmed out to another Junior team, Armadale Thistle. In his first season with Hibs, the 17-year-old <mask> scored all four goals in Hibs' 4–3 victory over city rivals Hearts in the quarter-final of the 1958 Scottish Cup. He played in the 1958 Scottish Cup Final which Hibs lost 1–0 to Clyde, and also scored nine goals in a Scottish Cup tie against Peebles Rovers.<mask> was Hibs' top goalscorer for four consecutive seasons, scoring a club record 42 goals in 33 league games during the 1959–60 season. In all he scored 102 goals in just 117 league games, and 159 goals in all competitions for the Edinburgh club. <mask> signed for Hibernian from Manchester City in November 1961, not long after <mask> had left Easter Road. Torino
In 1961, <mask> was transferred to Torino for £75,000, after the Hibs board refused to give him a £5 increase from his existing wage of £12 a week. Despite scoring a winning goal in a Turin derby match against Juventus, his time at the Italian club was short and almost ended in tragedy. <mask> was involved in a serious car crash, which meant that he needed life-saving surgery and spent over a month on a drip feed. It was a generally unhappy spell as <mask> did not like the press intrusion, which meant that he and teammate Denis Law spent most of their time in their Turin apartment.Arsenal
<mask> recovered from his injuries and he returned to the UK in July 1962, joining Billy Wright's Arsenal for a club record fee of £70,000. He made his debut against Leyton Orient on 18 August 1962, and in all spent four seasons with the Gunners. For three out of those four seasons (1962–63, 1964–65 and 1965–66) he was the club's top scorer; in total he scored 100 goals in 156 games in all competitions, making him one of the club's most prolific goalscorers of all time. His pace and acceleration made him a highly effective and dynamic attacker, and he was equally adept with his feet and his head, despite his lack of height. With Geoff Strong he formed one of Arsenal's most prolific striking partnerships, but the defence could not match the quality of the team's attack, which meant they were unable to finish above 7th in the league during his time at the club. Nottingham Forest
After a disappointing 1965–66 season, Wright sold <mask> to Nottingham Forest for £65,000. <mask> had a successful 1966/67 at Forest, as the club finished runners-up in the top division to the club that would win the following season's European Cup: Matt Busby's Manchester United (whose team included <mask>'s ex Torino teammate, Denis Law).In that season, <mask> was injured in the 3–2 victory over Everton in the FA Cup 6th round and missed the rest of the season. Prior to his injury, Forest had lost only once in 28 games; after it they only won three of their six remaining league games and lost in the FA Cup semi-final to Tottenham Hotspur. In three years at Forest, <mask> scored 41 goals in 118 league games. Sunderland, return to Hibs and Raith Rovers
<mask> then moved to Sunderland for a fee of £30,000, and spent the following two seasons playing for the Black Cats. He returned to Hibernian for a second time in 1971 and scored 12 goals in 30 appearances. He moved to Raith Rovers in 1972 and retired in 1974, having in all scored 301 league goals in 507 games. International career
<mask>'s talents meant that he was selected by the Scottish Schools team, but his birthplace made him only eligible to play for England under the rules of the time; "I was the first Scottish League player to play for England and it was a hard thing to take because I was a Scot, as far as I was concerned."He made his England debut against Northern Ireland in 1959, which made him the first professional player to be capped for England while playing for a club outside the English football league system. It also meant that he was the first player to play for England without having ever played for an English club (Owen Hargreaves was the next player to do this, in 2001). <mask> won eight caps for the senior England side, five while he was playing for Hibs and three while with Arsenal. These later caps were won when he earned a brief recall to the England side in 1965. Despite scoring in a 2–0 win over Spain, <mask> did not make the squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup. Managerial career and later life

<mask> later became Albion Rovers manager on two occasions, but never pursued a full coaching career, instead running a pub and working for Hibernian's hospitality service. He died at the age of 63, after suffering a heart attack during a charity golf tournament, dying in Wishaw General Hospital soon after.References

Bibliography

External links

Article on <mask>

1940 births
2003 deaths
Albion Rovers F.C. managers
Armadale Thistle F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
England international footballers
England under-23 international footballers
English expatriate footballers
English football managers
English footballers
English people of Scottish descent
Expatriate footballers in Italy
English expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Hibernian F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Sportspeople from Motherwell
Scotland youth international footballers
Raith Rovers F.C. players
Scottish Football League managers
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Serie A players
Footballers from Liverpool
Sunderland A.F.C.players
English Football League players
Torino F.C. players
Newmains United Community F.C. players
Scottish league football top scorers
Association football forwards
Anglo-Scots

masks:
Joseph Henry Baker
Gerry Baker
Joe Baker
Joe
Joe
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Gerry Baker
Joe
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Joe Baker


title: Eliot Lewis

texts:
<mask> (born March 10, 1962) is an American rock, R&B and soul singer, keyboardist, guitarist, bassist, drummer, songwriter, and producer. He is best known for his work with Average White Band (1989-2002) and Hall & Oates (2003-present). <mask> is also an integral part of Live From Daryl's House, a monthly Internet-based show hosted by Daryl Hall that is now carried by several television and cable networks across the United States. In addition, <mask> maintains his own work and solo career as a multi-instrumentalist and singer. Early career
<mask> grew up in Norwalk, CT, the youngest of three children, in what he describes as a very musical environment. Although his mother was a classical pianist, <mask>’ first instrument was the drums, which he discovered at age 10. When he was 12 years old, he formed his first band, Take Off, with three childhood friends.Richard Totoian, the father of Take Off's bass player Kevin Totoian, worked for several major record labels and was instrumental in exposing young <mask> to many of the artists of the day, including The Who, Elton John, and Alice Cooper. He even arranged a jam session for the boys at his house with Peter Frampton. At age 16, <mask> picked up the guitar and began writing his own songs. A few years later, recognizing technology's potential impact on music, he taught himself keyboards and bass, and learned to program synthesizers. Today, <mask> plays five instruments, and is a completely self-contained songwriter and musician. In his early 20s, <mask> was introduced to Dan Hartman, a singer, songwriter, and record producer responsible for hits such as "Free Ride," "Relight My Fire," and "I Can Dream About You." <mask> began working with Hartman, collaborating on music for some of the day's top stars and working on albums like Joe Cocker’s Unchain My Heart and Tina Turner’s Simply the Best.A few years later, <mask> inked his first publishing deal with Sony Tunes, where he collaborated with many other songwriters, including Porter Carroll Jr. of the band Atlantic Starr. After several years with Sony, <mask> signed with Warner Chappell Music, then produced a number of releases for RCA. Average White Band
In the late 1980s, <mask> met Alan Gorrie, one of the founders of the Scottish R&B group Average White Band. AWB had disbanded in 1983, but <mask> and Gorrie began writing together. <mask> wrote a number of songs, including "Spirit of Love," and when AWB reformed in 1989 to record AfterShock, Gorrie asked <mask> to play on the album and co-produce it. <mask> became an official member of AWB when the record was complete. He spent 13 years in AWB, playing guitar, bass, and keyboards, and singing lead vocals on hits including “School Boy Crush” and “Walk On By.”

<mask> left AWB in 2002 to focus on his own music.Hall & Oates
A little more than a year after leaving AWB, <mask> got a call from singer and songwriter Daryl Hall, whom he'd met through Gorrie. Hall needed a keyboard player for a short tour supporting some new solo material, and <mask> agreed to join him. At the end of the tour, <mask> was invited to be a permanent member of both Hall's solo band and the Daryl Hall and John Oates band. He has been with both groups longer than any member except Hall, Oates, and saxophonist Charlie DeChant. As a member of the Hall & Oates band, <mask> has played some of the world's most famous venues, including the Hollywood Bowl and Japan's Budokan Arena. He has also performed on popular television shows such as "The Voice," "Late Night with Conan O'Brien," and "Jimmy Kimmel Live." <mask> appeared with the Hall & Oates band in the 2010 feature film You Again He played with the Live From Daryl's House band on the anchor float in the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Parade in 2014, and with the Hall & Oates band at the 2014 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony.Live From Daryl's House
Live From Daryl's House is a critically acclaimed webcast started by Hall in late 2007. The show features Hall and his band, including <mask>, playing live, unrehearsed songs with guest artists such as veterans Smokey Robinson, Todd Rundgren, and Rob Thomas, and new acts like Fitz and the Tantrums, the Dirty Heads, and JOHNNYSWIM. <mask> is the only member of the Live From Daryl's House band (besides Hall himself) who has played on every episode. While he generally is on keyboards, <mask> has played guitar on several songs; LFDH episode 63, with ZZ Top’s Billy Gibbons, features several guitar solos by <mask>. He played bass on episode #18 with The Doors' Robby Krieger and Ray Manzarek. Solo artist
In addition to working with other artists, <mask> has recorded and independently released seven solo CDs. <mask> plays all the instruments and sings backup and harmonies.The title song from his first CD, "Get Back What You Give," released in 2000, earned <mask> an award in the John Lennon Songwriting Contest. His CD, “Live And Up Front,” released in November 2013, is his first live recording, and includes songs played during solo dates in Ohio. In August 2014, <mask> debuted his latest studio CD, an EP titled “Crusade.”

<mask> frequently takes his one-man act on the road, playing clubs, festivals, and intimate venues around New England and parts of the Midwest. His performances focus mostly on his own material, but include tunes from AWB and Hall & Oates, plus some of his favorites songs from artists he has worked with on Live From Daryl's House. While touring the country with Hall & Oates, <mask> occasionally plays solo gigs after the band's shows, with bandmates sometimes joining him on stage. In January 2015, <mask> released his first music video, "Crusade," directed and produced by Jay Johnson and Ronald Michael, from the CD "Crusade." Influences
<mask> describes his current style as influenced by classic rock, soul, funk, and blues.Musicians who influenced his musical style include Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, John Bonham, Jack Bruce, Stevie Wonder, and Billy Preston. He also lists the late musician Tom Wolk as a personal influence. <mask> describes Wolk, longtime band member and musical director for Hall and Oates, as “an amazing person to be around, and not just a very nice guy, he was a masterful musician.”

Product Endorsements
<mask> is endorsed by Mérida Extrema Acoustic Guitars, Reverend Guitars and Hammond keyboards. Photography
Besides being an accomplished musician, <mask> is recognized as a talented photographer. He has documented his travels with Hall & Oates, shooting landscapes of places the band has played, backstage scenes, and portraits of band members and audiences. His work has been showcased in several New England galleries, and featured on album covers and in Hall & Oates’ promotional materials. <mask> became interested in photography as a teen and worked in a photo-processing lab before breaking into the music business.He shot occasionally while with AWB, but took up photography again in earnest when he joined Hall & Oates. In 2003, Hall invited <mask> to bring his camera to a video session for the duo's album Our Kind of Soul. <mask> took a few candid shots, one of which became the cover of the album. Since then, <mask> has taken photos for the band's promotional materials and shot the cover of Hall's 2010 solo release Laughing Down Crying. Brazil
In June 2014, <mask> gave his first international interview to Brazil, for the journalist Brina Guglielmo. The interview was given and published in the newspaper "Tribuna Popular," a local newspaper of the city of Pinhalzinho, São Paulo, Brazil. The White House
In March 2015, <mask> was in The White House with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.In his own words: "This is definitely one of the highlights of my career. Thank you Daryl & John for giving me this experience and so happy to have shared it with this amazing band."

masks:
Eliot Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Eliot
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Eliot
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis


title: James Churchward

texts:
<mask> (27 February 1851 – 4 January 1936) was a British occult writer, inventor, engineer, and fisherman. <mask> is most notable for proposing the existence of a lost continent, called "Mu," in the Pacific Ocean. His writings on Mu are considered to be pseudoscience. <mask> was born in Bridestow, Okehampton, Devon at Stone House to Henry and Matilda (née Gould) <mask>. <mask> had four brothers and four sisters. In November 1854, Henry died and the family moved in with Matilda's parents in the hamlet of Kigbear, near Okehampton. Census records indicate the family next moved to London when <mask> was 18 after his grandfather George Gould died.He was the elder brother of the Masonic author <mask> (1852–1925). He was a tea planter in Sri Lanka before coming to the US in the 1890s. In <mask>' biography entitled My Friend Churchey and His Sunken Continent, he discussed Mu with Augustus Le Plongeon and his wife in the 1890s. He patented NCV (nickel, chrome, vanadium) Steel, which was used to manufacture armour plating to protect ships during World War I, and he developed other steel alloys. After a patent-infringement settlement in 1914, <mask> retired to his 7+ acre estate on Lake Wononskopomuc in Lakeville, Connecticut, to answer the questions from his Pacific travels. In 1926, at the age of 75, he published The Lost Continent of Mu: Motherland of Man, which he claimed proved the existence of a lost continent, called Mu, in the Pacific Ocean. Claims and hypothesis
According to <mask>, Mu "extended from somewhere north of Hawaii to the south as far as the Fijis and Easter Island."He claimed Mu was the site of the Garden of Eden and the home of 64,000,000 inhabitants – known as the Naacals. Its civilisation, which flourished 50,000 years before <mask>'s day, was technologically more advanced than his own, and the ancient civilisations of India, Babylon, Persia, Egypt and the Mayas were merely the decayed remnants of its colonies. <mask> claimed to have gained his knowledge of this lost land after befriending an Indian priest, who taught him to read an ancient dead language (spoken by only three people in all of India). The priest disclosed the existence of several ancient tablets, written by the Naacals, and Churchward gained access to these records after overcoming the priest's initial reluctance. His knowledge remained incomplete, as the available tablets were mere fragments of a larger text, but Churchward claimed to have found verification and further information in the records of other ancient peoples. His writings attempt to describe the civilisation of Mu, its history, inhabitants, and influence on subsequent history and civilisation. Churchward claimed that the ancient Egyptian sun-god Ra originated with the Mu; he claimed that "Rah" was the word which the Naacals used for "sun" as well as for their god and rulers.Scientific rebuttal
Alfred Metraux undertook research on Easter Island in the 1930s, and in 1940 published a monograph on Easter Island which includes a rebuttal of the hypothesis that Easter Island was a remnant of a sunken continent. In the second half of the twentieth century, improvements in oceanography, in particular understanding of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, have left little scientific basis for geologically recent lost continents such as Mu. Science writer Martin Gardner wrote that <mask>'s books contain geological and archaeological errors and are regarded by scholars as a hoax. The archaeologist Stephen Williams in Fantastic Archaeology (1991) described his writings as pseudoscience. Williams has written that his "translations are outrageous, his geology, in both mechanics and dating, is absurd, and his mishandling of archaeological data, as in the Valley of Mexico, is atrocious." Gordon Stein in Encyclopedia of Hoaxes (1993) has noted that <mask>'s claims have no scientific basis. According to Stein "it is difficult to assess whether <mask> really believed what he said about Mu, or whether he was knowingly writing fiction."Brian M. Fagan has written that Churchward's evidence for Mu was made from "personal testimonials, false translations, notably of tablets from Mesoamerica, and spurious reconstructions from archaeological and artistic remains. Although it has attracted some following, it has never received scholarly or scientific support." Popular culture
Churchward is mentioned in fiction in the short stories "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" by H. P. Lovecraft, "Out of the Aeons" by Lovecraft and Hazel Heald, and The Fitzgerald Contraction by Miles J. Breuer. Churchward and the lost island of Mu also appear in Philip K. Dick's Confessions of a Crap Artist. The British anarchist situationist band KLF, also known as the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, often refer to Mu Mu land and were inspired by The Illuminatus! Trilogy, and much of their work was Discordian in nature. <mask>'s writings are a key influence for the plot of the anime series RahXephon.<mask>'s writings were satirised by occult writer Raymond Buckland in his novel Mu Revealed, written under the pseudonym "Tony Earll" (an anagram for "not really"). In <mask>' novel Deep Fathom, Churchward is the great-grandfather of character Karen Grace, who takes part in revealing the mystery of Mu. <mask>'s writings are used as a source for the following books and video games:

Lemuria and Atlantis: Studying the Past to Survive the Future by Shirley Andrews. Lost Cities of China, Central Asia & India by David Hatcher Childress
Lost Cities of Atlantis, Ancient Europe & the Mediterranean by David Hatcher Childress
Timeless Earth by Peter Kolosimo
The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story ever Sold by Acharya S
Suns of God: Krishna, Buddha, and Christ Unveiled by Acharya S
Mu, a comic book from the Corto Maltese series, by Hugo Pratt
The fantastical floating continent of Zeal from the Chrono Trigger Super NES video game by Square has several oblique references to a philosophy called "Nu". The lost continent of Mu in the Pacific Ocean on Earth is where the Ancients of planet Roak came from in the Star Ocean Super NES video game by Enix. The lost continent of Mu is referenced in Daniel Pinkwater's teen novel Alan Mendelsohn, Boy From Mars (1979). UK-based electronic music record-label Planet Mu has released three compilation albums with titles copied from <mask>'s own books: The Cosmic Forces of Mu (2001), Children of Mu (2004) and Sacred Symbols of Mu (2006).Works
 Fishing Among the 1,000 Islands of the St. Lawrence (1894)
 A Big Game and Fishing Guide to Northeastern Maine (1897)

Books about Mu
 The Lost Continent of Mu, the Motherland of Men (1926)
 The Children of Mu (1931)
 The Sacred Symbols of Mu (1933)
 Cosmic Forces of Mu (1934)
 Second Book of Cosmic Forces of Mu (1935)

Posthumous publications
 The Books of the Golden Age (written in 1927 but first published 1997)
 Copies of Stone Tablets Found by William Niven at Santiago Ahuizoctla Near Mexico City, a booklet of "thirty-some" pages, written in 1927 but first published in 2014 where it was included in the book The Stone Tablets of Mu by <mask>'s great-grandson <mask>

Footnotes

References

<mask>, J. (2007). The Lost Continent of Mu. Adventures Unlimited Press. https://archive.org/details/the-lost-continent-of-mu

External links

<mask>'s books and other works on Bibliotecapleyades
The Sacred Symbols of Mu, at sacred-texts.com
Website by great-grandson on <mask> and his theories of the Lost Continent of Mu
The Naacal Tablets and Theosophy. Jason Colavito. 1851 births
1936 deaths
People from Okehampton
New Age writers
Pseudohistorians
Planters of British Ceylon
20th-century English writers
20th-century English male writers
English male writers

masks:
James Churchward
Churchward
Life Churchward
Churchward
James
James
Albert Churchward
James
James
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
James Rollins
Churchward
Churchward
James Churchward
Jack Churchward
Churchward
James Churchward
James Churchward


title: Sabi (singer)

texts:
Jenice Dena Portlock (born November 24, 1987), also known as <mask>, is an American pop singer, songwriter, dancer and actress from Los Angeles, California. She was formerly part of the hip hop girl group The Bangz. Biography

Early life and career beginnings

As a kid growing up in Inglewood, California, daughter of a Salvadoran mother and African American father, Sabi was raised in a bilingual Spanish and English language household and spent every other weekend watching MTV at her father's house after her parents split up. Her father had cable television and her mother didn't, so she and her sisters were glued to the screen watching music videos all day – she especially loved watching Michael Jackson, Prince, and Sade. That's when she gained her immense passion for singing and song writing and made the decision that she wanted to be a performer. "I remember watching the Michael Jackson: Moonwalker video over and over and trying to pick up Michael's moves", she once said in an interview. Sabi would also choreograph dance routines and marshal her younger sisters into performing them for the family.She got involved in theater in middle school and graduated from Westchester Senior High School in 2005. In 2008, she appeared in an independent short film called The Smallest River in Almirante, which was executive produced by actor Shia LaBeouf. She was cast in commercials for ABC Family, Universal Studios, and Pepsi while majoring in communications at California State University, Long Beach in 2009. All the while, Sabi continued to work on her vocal technique trying to imitate other singers. "No matter who it was, Justin Timberlake, Brandy, or Alicia Keys, I could mimic exactly how they sounded. That's how I got comfortable with my voice." She began to write her own songs and record them on a voice recorder, but says that she really learned about the craft of songwriting after working with several producers that she had been introduced to through her then-manager.2009–10: The Bangz and group disbandment
In the summer of 2009, <mask> was approached by The Co-Stars, a production team who were looking to launch a female duo. Urban/pop group The Bangz, featuring <mask> and Korttney Ann Elliott (a.k.a. Ella Ann) got signed to the indie recording label VNR, Asylum Records and Warner Bros. Records. With a video that hit almost a million views on YouTube and two singles ("Boys With Tattoos (We Jerkin')" and "Found My Swag" featuring the New Boyz) released, the group was starting to get national radio play and MTV exposure. Shortly after, Ella Ann got seriously injured in a drive-by shooting and unable to continue, leaving Sabi to go on alone. She tried to continue without her; Sabi shot a video and did some performances on her own with back-up dancers, but no one felt the Bangz could continue without Ella, not even <mask> herself. The whole experience was an emotional rollercoaster for her.However, executives at Warner Bros. Records loved <mask>'s talent and energy and wanted to continue the label's relationship with her as a solo artist. 2011–present: Solo career
In April 2011, Sabi released her song "Goodnight" on the internet as a buzz single to be included on her debut album. Additionally, in 2011 <mask> was featured on Britney Spears' song "(Drop Dead) Beautiful" and the Cobra Starship single "You Make Me Feel...," which peaked at No. 7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and topped the charts in New Zealand. She later accompanied Spears on Femme Fatale Tour and was featured on the tour's DVD release. She was also featured on the New Boyz' song "Tough Kids", from their album Too Cool to Care.Shortly after, she released the Cirkut-produced "Wild Heart" which was later recorded in Simlish for The Sims 3 video game. Her debut album, then titled "All I Want" was to feature production from Benny Blanco, Klas (from the Teddybears), Diplo, Ammo, The Cataracs and The Co-Stars and was due to be released via Dr. Luke's Kemosabe imprint and Warner Bros. Records. A video for "Wild Heart"' debuted on March 19, 2012. A brand new Dr. Luke and Cirkut-produced track "Where They Do That At?" featuring Wale premiered unexpectedly on April 17, 2012 on Spotify. The video for the song, directed by Tim Cruz, debuted on April 19, 2012, along with a behind-the-scenes video. <mask> was also announced to be host of her own web-series about fashion titled Found My Swag named for The Bangz's single.The series premiered on The Warner Sound, the YouTube channel belonging to <mask>'s record label Warner Brothers on November 1, 2012. In November 2012, Sabi released the Jakob Owens-directed video another new single, titled "Champagne". The song was produced by Crack For Kids. In August 2013, she released the Tyga-assisted "Cali Love", the lead single from her mixtape "0–60: Love Sounds" to be released later in 2013. Sabi released "Love Sounds", produced by Ryan McDermott in November 2013 and announced that the long-awaited mixtape "0 to 60: Love Sounds" would be released on November 13, 2013. On the eve of 0–60: Love Sounds’s release, <mask> premiered a cover of Fleetwood Mac’s 1977 No. 1 single, "Dreams," a track included on her mixtape.The entire 11-song mixtape was released for free download via the site HotNewHipHop.com. After the release of the mixtape, Sabi parted ways with both Kemosabe and Warner Bros. Records and began recording music as an independent artist. In 2017, Sabi released "The One", a promotional single made available exclusively via her SoundCloud account. Following three years of radio silence, she returned to music on Valentine's Day 2020 and released "Ready", produced by Malcolm D. McDaniel. Unlike "The One", the single was released to most major streaming platforms and digital download services via BlakBurd Ent. and Empire Distribution. Later in 2020, she began hosting an Apple Music radio program titled, "Easy Hits Radio with <mask>", geared toward adult contemporary music.Discography

Mixtapes

Singles

Promotional singles
 Goodnight (2011)
 The One (2017)

Featured singles

Other appearances

Sabi's vocals are not officially credited on this release. Music videos

References

External links

 Works by or about Sabi in libraries (WorldCat Catalog)

1987 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
American contemporary R&B singers
American dance musicians
American electronic musicians
American female dancers
American hip hop singers
American indie pop musicians
American people of Salvadoran descent
American women in electronic music
American women pop singers
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Musicians from Inglewood, California
Singers from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Synth-pop singers

masks: Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi


title: Thomas Noguchi

texts:
is the former Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles. He resigned from the office, under pressure, in 1968 over inappropriate comments he was alleged to have made, but was restored soon after. He was forced out a second time, in 1982, over allegations of mismanagement. He later worked at the University of Southern California and served as president of the American National Association of Medical Examiners. Popularly known as the "coroner to the stars", <mask> determined the cause of death in many high-profile cases in Hollywood during the 1960s and 1970s. He performed autopsies on Marilyn Monroe, Albert Dekker, Robert F. Kennedy, Sharon Tate, Inger Stevens, Janis Joplin, Gia Scala, David Janssen, William Holden, and John Belushi. In 2016, he was criticized over his autopsy of Natalie Wood.His ruling in that case was later changed by his successor. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, raised in Yokosuka and graduated from Tokyo's Nippon Medical School in 1951 before interning at The University of Tokyo School of Medicine Hospital. Shortly thereafter he emigrated to the United States. He then served a second internship at Orange County General Hospital and a series of residencies at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Barlow Sanatorium in Los Angeles. Career

Early career
<mask> began working in the office of the Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles (CME) in 1961, and came to public attention after performing the autopsy of Marilyn Monroe. In 1967, he was appointed Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles (CME) in a 3–2 vote of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, over the opposition of the Los Angeles County Medical Association and leadership of the UCLA and USC schools of medicine. As new CME, he succeeded his mentor Theodore Curphey and supervised autopsies on a range of celebrities and public figures that included Albert Dekker, Sharon Tate, Janis Joplin, Inger Stevens, Gia Scala, David Janssen, William Holden, Natalie Wood, and John Belushi.Kennedy assassination and resignation
<mask>'s autopsy of Robert Kennedy concluded that the fatal shot was fired into the back of Kennedy's head, behind the right ear, from an upward angle, and from a distance of no more than 0.5 to 3 inches (15–75 mm) away. Such a finding has given rise to conspiracy theories regarding the assassination, as no witnesses reported seeing the convicted assassin, Sirhan Sirhan, any closer to Kennedy than 1 meter away and in a position to fire such a shot. <mask> himself points out in his memoir Coroner that he has never officially ruled that Sirhan fired the fatal shot. Shortly after the Kennedy shooting, <mask> came under scrutiny and resigned under pressure as Chief Medical Examiner after Deputy Los Angeles County Counsel Martin Weekes testified that he had seen a smiling <mask> dancing in his office and that <mask> had announced to associates "I am going to be famous. I hope he dies". A secretary in the coroner's office also testified she had heard <mask> say he wanted to perform a vivisection on Lin Hollinger, the county's chief administrative officer with whom he had argued over budget matters. Second term as CME and demotion
Shortly after signing his letter of resignation, <mask> attempted to withdraw it, a move that was rejected by the Board of Supervisors.<mask>'s wife subsequently charged that the county had forced him out as a practice of racial discrimination. The county rebutted the accusation by accusing <mask> himself of being racist, providing testimony from an Asian-American employee in the CME office who said she had heard <mask> saying he hated Jews and using a racial epithet to describe Black Americans. Other CME staff disputed that testimony and characterized <mask> as "warm" and "articulate". After a petition drive organized by Los Angeles' Japanese American community, <mask> was restored to the office of CME. In his second term, <mask> was accused of speaking too freely to the media, particularly following the November 1981 deaths of William Holden and Natalie Wood, which, along with his moonlighting and alleged mismanagement – a series of articles in the Los Angeles Times alleged that <mask>'s attention to celebrity deaths was causing problems in the more mundane aspects of the CME office  –  led to his demotion from coroner to physician specialist in 1982. His autopsy of Wood's death as an accident has since been questioned. A former intern of <mask> at the time of Wood's death stated that he saw bruises were substantial and fitting for someone who gets thrown out of a boat.He claimed that he made those observations to <mask>, who reacted strangely as if he was involved in a cover-up. <mask> came under public criticism for his handling of Wood's autopsy in 2016 and his ruling in that case was later changed by a successor. Later career, honors, and professional bodies
<mask> was later appointed Chief of Pathology at the University of Southern California and then as Administrative Pathologist for Anatomic Pathology services at LAC+USC Medical Center. <mask> was appointed professor by both the University of Southern California and UCLA. He is a past president of the American National Association of Medical Examiners. In 1999 he was honored by the Emperor of Japan who awarded him the Order of the Sacred Treasure for his "outstanding contributions to Japan in the area of forensic science". He retired the same year., <mask> is the president of World Association for Medical Law (WAML), which is a medical body founded in 1967 to encourage the study of health law, legal medicine, and bioethics. Publications
 Coroner, 1983. A best selling memoir written with Joseph DiMona. (Published in the UK as Coroner to the Stars)
 Coroner at Large 1985. A book about historical coroners and famous deaths. (NYT review.) Unnatural Causes, 1988.A detective novel written with Arthur Lyons. Physical Evidence, 1990. A detective novel written with Arthur Lyons. Film and other media
 He has appeared in the documentary The Killing of America (1982). He appeared as himself in the film Faces of Death (1980). In 2000, <mask> appeared in Michael Kriegsman's autopsy-related documentaries, "Autopsy: Through the Eyes of Death's Detectives"; and "Autopsy: Voices of Death", wherein <mask> takes the viewer through a complete autopsy. He is said to have been the inspiration for the TV series Quincy, M.E.(1976–1983), which starred Jack Klugman. References

External links

 Subject's USC web page, last updated in 1999

1927 births
Living people
Writers from Los Angeles
People from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese emigrants to the United States
American coroners
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
University of Southern California faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Persons involved with death and dying
Physicians from California
American physicians of Japanese descent

masks: Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi


title: Joshua Strachan

texts:
<mask> (born 1976), known professionally as <mask>, is a songwriter, record producer, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist. Biography
<mask> was born in a suburb of Des Moines, Iowa, grew up and currently resides in Roanoke, Virginia. In Roanoke, Strachan met Jeremy Kolosine of the seminal electropunk band Futurisk, who was then playing in a dream pop/shoegaze band called Shakespace. Kolosine invited Strachan to join the band, first as a keyboardist, then later as a vocalist and guitarist. Simultaneously, Strachan took up playing bass in the Diplomats. Shakespace recorded one EP  and one album, while the Diplomats recorded an EP which was mixed by R.E.M. veteran Mitch Easter.The Diplomats disbanded before the EP was released, and Shakespace disbanded during the recording and mixing of their last album. Strachan moved to New York in 2004, and upon meeting bassist Ryan Rayhill, the two formed Blacklist. Blacklist released several recordings on Wierd Records, a label which Strachan was closely involved with from its inception until its conclusion, not only as an artist, but also as a co-thinker and writer. He joined Religious to Damn in 2009, and after Blacklist announced an indefinite hiatus from recording and touring, formed Vaura in early 2010 with Kevin Hufnagel, Toby Driver and Religious to Damn drummer Charlie Schmid. In mid-2012, Strachan launched Azar Swan, a collaboration with Zohra Atash, the lead singer and primary songwriter of Religious to Damn. In 2013, he started a solo project called Vain Warr. In 2016, while living in New Orleans he launched the record label Primal Architecture Records which has released music by acts such as Kelly Moran as well as his own projects.Azar Swan's album, Savage Exile, was released in 2017. In the summer of 2019, Blacklist reformed to played a festival show in Brooklyn, NY and alluded to a possibility of future releases and performances. In the winter of 2019 Desolation Colony, an electronic project with Justin Vial, played its first show opening for Italian composer Fabio Frizzi in New Orleans. In late 2020, the debut LP by The Red Window entitled Afterlife was released, a collaboration between Strachan and former Shakespace bandmate Jeremy Kolosine. In mid 2021, Strachan released "Deerstalking" by Meridiane, a project with 4AD artists Pieter Nooten of Clan of Xymox and Warren Defever of His Name Is Alive. Influences
Due to the diversity of Strachan's musical endeavors, the influences he has cited span multiple genres, including Scott Walker, The Comsat Angels, Black Sabbath and Cocteau Twins, the Manic Street Preachers, Ulver, Blut Aus Nord, Comus, the Sisters of Mercy, Prurient, Kate Bush, David Sylvian and Laurie Anderson. Lyrical themes
When being interviewed for Blacklist in 2009, Strachan described his lyrics as "militantly humanistic".Though lacking in many overt references, their album Midnight of the Century alluded to superstition and religion in almost every song, encompassing all three major monotheisms as well as Stalinism and fascism which Strawn has called "political superstitions." In an interview for Vaura in 2019, Strachan referenced cosmic horror, saying, "The nightmare visions that inspired Sables are simultaneously of an omnicide, and of an end to humanity while human beings still continue to exist materially. Humanity being the word we tend to use to refer to our kindness, our ability to understand one another and allow for the existence of others, our ability to be graceful and make peace." Non-musical endeavors
<mask> has written about his background in political action and organizing, from a brief stint with ACORN in the early 2000s, to being employed by the Human Rights Campaign and the Working Families Party. While attending The New School, Strachan was active with two philosophical organizations, the Nietzsche Circle and the Foucault Society, both created by Nietzsche scholar Yunus Tuncel. He also befriended his professor Christopher Hitchens out of a shared interest in the history of the secularism of the left, and the two were in contact until Hitchens' death in 2011. While living in New York, Strachan worked full time as a social media analyst for ad research firm Competitrack, and part time as a freelance journalist.His writing on politics, music, and culture has appeared in The Daily Beast, Talkhouse as well as in feminist publications such as BUST, and Slutist.

masks:
Joshua Strawn
Joshua Strachan
Joshua Strachan
Strachan


title: DeeDee Trotter

texts:
De'Hashia Tonnek "<mask>" <mask> (born December 8, 1982 in Twentynine Palms, California) is an American athlete. Trotter is a former NCAA national champion in the 400m, and competed in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Summer Olympics. There, she was a two-time Olympic gold medalist in the 4 × 400 m relay (2004 and 2012), in addition to a bronze medalist in the 2012 400m event. She placed 5th in the same event in 2004. Trotter is currently a brand ambassador for international company Education First, and a global motivational speaker. Early life
Trotter was born in Twenty Nine Palms, California on December 8, 1982. She grew up in Decatur, Georgia, graduating from Cedar Grove High School in 2001.She was a member of both the track and basketball teams, helping to lead the basketball team in her senior year to an undefeated season on home court. She specialized in both the 200m and 400m in track, and in her senior year, she also helped lead the 4 × 400 m relay team from her highschool to the Georgia State Championship. College track and field
Trotter was mainly a basketball player in high school, and took up track-and-field as a second sport under the encouragement of those who saw her running on the court. She earned a track-and-field scholarship to the University of Tennessee, and was forced to turn away from basketball and focus solely on running. In 2003, she placed second in the NCAA championships in the distance, and in 2004 she was the NCAA champion. She still holds the Tennessee record time of 50.0s. She graduated from the university with a major in Sociology.She later trained under coach Caryl Smith Gilbert, who continued to train Trotter after her graduation. Trotter became the first woman to turn professional as a track-and-field athlete coming out of the University of Tennessee before graduation, turning pro in her junior year. Professional track and field career

2003-04
Trotter competed at the 2003 IAAF World Athletics Championship in France, running in the 400m, where she qualified for the semi-finals. That year she also won gold in the 4 × 400 m women's relay, at both the World Championships and the Pan-American Games. Trotter qualified for the 2004 Summer Olympics team in the 400m, and was considered a medal contender going into the games. Trotter placed 5th overall in the 400 metres with a personal best time of 50.00s. She was part of the US team which finished first in the 4×400 meters relay, which beat the second placed team from Russia by more than one second.Trotter ran first, with a lead leg time of 49.19 seconds. 2005-11
In 2005 and 2006, Trotter repeated as gold medalist at the USA Indoor Championships. In 2007, she won an additional 4 × 400 m gold at that year's World Championships. In 2007, she finished first in the 400m at the US Track and Field Championships, with the fastest time in the world that year: 49.64 seconds, and afterwards stated that her victory "was like a dream". According to USA Track and Field, "At the 2008 Olympic Trials, in perhaps the most astounding story of the women’s 400, Trotter finished third in 50.88. She was running with a broken bone chip in her left leg, the result of an errant car door closing on her two months ago." Trotter did compete in the women's 400 meters race at the 2008 Summer Olympics, and qualified out of heats for the semi-finals, but failed to qualify for the finals due to the injury.She also withdrew from her spot on the 4 × 400 m relay. After the Olympics Trotter had successful reconstructive surgery and was able to return to competition in 2009. In her return races, she used face paint to help motivate her return to form. However the following three years she remained plagued with injuries. Still, in 2010 during the Reebok Boston Indoor Games Trotter tripped near the beginning of the race, but was able to recover her stride and eventually place first in the 400m event despite the misstep. She stated after the race that nothing like that had ever happened to her, but her first instinct was 'as long as I'm not on the ground, just keep running'. Trotter is also a multi-time IAAF Diamond League silver and bronze medalist.2012 to present
Leading into the 2012 Olympics, she again recorded the fastest time that year in the 400m. She said of the time that, "My personality, demeanor, confidence and spirit were low. That <mask> is gone. I overcame my entire career crumbling and made the Olympic Team." She qualified at the national championships with a second place showing. At the 2012 Olympics in London she won the bronze medal in the 400 meters in a time of 49.72, two one hundredths of a second behind the silver medalist. She was also the lead runner in the gold medal 4 × 400 m US relay team, providing her team with a 10 m lead at the end of her leg.After winning the event, Trotter stated that, "I think the pressure was on to go out and do what we are capable of doing ... I think we finally hit the mark this time. We hit the center of the target. We got it done.” Trotter ran her final lap at the 2016 USA Olympic Trials to gracefully retire from the sport. After a thirteen-year career, Trotter waved farewell to the crowd at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, after crossing the finish line of the 400m semifinals and not advancing to the finals. Other work
In 2009 Trotter was the winner of the Bodybuilding.com Model Search, transitioning into a part-time career as a fitness model. In 2013 Trotter became a volunteer assistant coach in the sprints for the USC Trojans track and field team.That year she also began a fundraising drive called Gifted Soles, which gathers shoes for the homeless population of Orlando. The drive also raised funds for 500 meals for the homeless as well. Donations were made through the Orlando Union Rescue Mission. In 2014, Trotter dissolved her non-profit organization Test Me I'm Clean and launched a new non-profit entitled Running For The People. Running For The People used running as a way to help people in need of encouragement. In 2020, Trotter traveled to Japan as a Sports Envoy for the U.S. State Department's Sports Diplomacy Office. Anti-doping advocacy
Trotter is the founder of Test Me I'm Clean, a charity dedicated to combating the abuse of steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs.She also acts as the organization's spokesperson, traveling across the United States giving speeches and presentations to students about the importance of staying clean. Those that support the organization can identify themselves with a white and red rubber armband, which Trotter herself wore during her 2012 bronze medal race. Trotter was inspired to found the charity in 2006, after overhearing a conversation on an airplane where the participants were convinced that all elite athletes were on steroids, which she took exception to. She has said of the program that, "I'm more concerned with the health aspect than anything else ... [Drugs] have been glorified. It's not something that is always emphasized as a danger, so I wanted to make that very clear." Trotter was one of the founding athletes of Project Believe, in which twelve athletes volunteered for frequent random out-of-competition drug testing. As a part of the testing she volunteer to give 31 additional testing samples.She was quoted as saying of the program that, "[T]o prevent myself from going down in the flames ... We have to do something ... Otherwise, it will continue to go down this path, and it won't stop." In 2009, Trotter also became one of the first twelve athletes to join the "Athlete Ambassador" program, which is a U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) initiative. As an ambassador, Trotter travelled to speak with students about the importance of staying clean in sports. She also wrote articles for the USADA website. After this initial advocacy, Athens 4 × 400 m relay team member Crystal Cox, pleaded guilty to a doping violation in 2010, and was stripped of her gold medal. In 2013 however, the other three members (including Trotter) were allowed to keep their own gold medals and the team remains the gold medal team in the historical Olympics standings.

masks: DeeDee Trotter DeeDee


title: Josh Kline

texts:
<mask> (born December 29, 1989) is a former American football offensive guard. He played college football for Kent State. Early years
<mask> was born in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, to Rick and <mask>. <mask> and his family lived in Hartville, Ohio (near Akron), until they moved to Mason, Ohio, just north of Cincinnati, when <mask> was in second grade. High school career
<mask> grew up in Mason, Ohio and graduated from William Mason High School in 2008. He was an offensive lineman in football, playing tackle and center, earning second-team All-Greater Miami Conference honors as the Comets' center his senior year. As a wrestler, in his senior year, <mask> was the Ohio Division I (big-school) champion in the 285-pound weight class.His record for the year was 45-1 with 32 pins. In the state meet, he pinned his first two opponents and in the semifinal he was taken to overtime, prevailing 6-4. He then won the championship match by pin. Although he grew up just outside Cincinnati, <mask> was a Cleveland Browns fan due to his father Rick's roots in northeast Ohio. Collegiate career
<mask> was recruited by Mid-American Conference schools and chose to attend Kent State in Kent, Ohio. "My grandparents still live there. I was familiar with Kent and knew the area well.... it was a combination of having a chance to play and an opportunity to help change the culture a little bit.We did my senior year. It was a good experience and I’m glad I picked it.<mask> redshirted the 2008 season before playing in all 12 games of his redshirt freshman campaign in 2009. In 2010, he started in eight of 12 games, then started all 12 games in 2011, making seven starts at right tackle before sliding inside to right guard for the final five games. As a senior, <mask> primarily played left guard as he earned second-team all Mid-American Conference honors as the Golden Flashes had their best season in 40 years, going 11-3 overall, winning the MAC East title and playing in the MAC Championship Game, which they lost in double overtime to Northern Illinois University. They earned a berth in the postseason GoDaddy.com Bowl, where they were defeated 17-13 by Arkansas State University. Professional career

New England Patriots

2013
<mask> was projected by some to be chosen in the late rounds of the 2013 NFL Draft on April 25–27, 2013. He had private pre-draft workouts with the New England Patriots as well as the New York Jets, Indianapolis Colts, Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, Tennessee Titans and Oakland Raiders.He went undrafted, but after the draft ended on April 27, he was signed that day as a rookie free agent by the Patriots. He was released on September 2 but quickly re-signed to the Patriots' practice squad. He was activated for one game against the Buffalo Bills, then returned to the practice squad before again being added to the active roster on November 2. <mask> appeared in his first NFL game on November 3 when he entered the game at left guard for the final play, a kneel-down against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played briefly in the Patriots' 34-31 win December 1 over the Houston Texans. He saw his first significant playing time in a December 15 game against the Miami Dolphins, when Patriots starting offensive lineman Nate Solder went down with an injury. <mask> was inserted into the lineup and played most of the game at left guard, with starting left guard Logan Mankins shifting to left tackle.<mask> made his first start and played the entire game at left guard as the Patriots cruised to a 41-7 win over the Baltimore Ravens on December 22, 2013. For the season, <mask> played in seven regular season games, including one start. By the end of the season, on the Patriots depth chart, he was listed as the second-team left guard behind starter and six-time Pro Bowl selection Mankins as well as second-team right guard behind Dan Connolly. 2014
Just days before the Patriots' final preseason game, on August 26 the perennial All-Pro Mankins was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a move expected to provide an opportunity for increased playing time for <mask>, who started the final preseason game. However, after a subpar performance in that game, <mask> was on the inactive roster for the regular season opener against the Miami Dolphins. Prior to the Patriots' second game, against the Minnesota Vikings, he was again added to the active roster. and saw action on eight plays in the fourth quarter.He was returned to the inactive list for their next three games

<mask> was reactivated for the October 12 Patriots win vs. the Buffalo Bills and started at right guard, his first start of the season and second of his career, playing 71 snaps. Four days later on October 16 he started again at right guard, playing 57 snaps in a Thursday night Patriots win over the New York Jets. He stayed on the active roster and played 23 snaps in a 51-23 win over the Chicago Bears. He remained on the active roster through the regular season finale against the Buffalo Bills, starting one of those games (his third start of the year), and finishing with 12 regular season games played in 2014. <mask> made his first postseason start January 18, 2015 in the AFC Championship Game against the Indianapolis Colts following an injury to rookie center Bryan Stork, which resulted in guard Ryan Wendell moving to center and Kline at right guard. <mask> earned praise for his performance as the Patriots dominated the Colts 45-7 to advance to Super Bowl XLIX. <mask> then earned a Super Bowl ring as the Patriots defeated the Seattle Seahawks 28-24 in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.<mask> was one of two Patriots (the other being backup quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo) who was active but did not play any snaps. 2015
In the Patriots' regular-season opener against the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 10, <mask> started the game at left guard in the 28-21 Patriots win. In the offense's second series, he was switched to right guard, and rotated between the two positions throughout the game. He was in the lineup for 54 of 61 offensive plays (89 percent). Through Week 9, <mask> started every game for New England, rotating between left and right guard. On November 10, 2015, the Patriots announced the signing of <mask> to a two-year contract extension through the 2017 season. In the 2015 regular season, <mask> played in 14 games, starting 13.He missed two games due to a shoulder injury. <mask> played in 816 snaps, or 77.6 percent of the team's offensive plays as the Patriots won their division and the #2 seed in the AFC Playoffs. 2016
<mask> underwent shoulder surgery after the completion of the 2015 season. On September 7, 2016, <mask> was released by the Patriots. Tennessee Titans
On September 8, 2016, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Tennessee Titans. After being inactive for the team's first two games, on September 25, <mask> started at right guard in the Titans' 17-10 loss to the Oakland Raiders. He went on to start the rest of the season at right guard to help spearhead a ground game that ran for more than 136 yards per game, good for third in the league.Pro Football Focus awarded the Titans' the Offensive Line of the Year honor. PFF rated <mask> an 80.0, 27th among guards. 2017
In 2017 <mask> started all 16 games at right guard for the Titans as the team went 9-7 and made the AFC Playoffs for the first time since 2008. The team won its first-round game against the Kansas City Chiefs before losing to <mask>'s former team and eventual AFC Champion New England Patriots. The offensive line was rated fifth-best in the NFL according to Pro Football Focus, with <mask> scoring a 75.8 rating, number 22 among NFL guards. 2018
On March 14, 2018, <mask> signed a four-year contract extension with the Tennessee Titans. He started all 16 of the Titans' games at right guard for the second consecutive season as the team finished 9-7.On March 15, 2019, <mask> was released by the Titans. Minnesota Vikings

2019
On March 20, 2019, <mask> signed a three-year $15.75 million contract with the Minnesota Vikings. played in and started 13 of the Vikings' 16 games, missing games due to a concussion, and a foot injury. <mask> was immediately named a starter for the 2019 season. He started the Vikings' first three games; missed the fourth game due to a concussion; started game 5; then he missed game 6 with a foot injury. 2020
On March 18, 2020, <mask> was released by the Vikings. He did not play during the 2020 season.2021
On July 28, 2021, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. Personal life
<mask> married his wife, Natalie, on April 9, 2016, in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. <mask>’s daughter Kroy <mask> was born September 20, 2018. His Twitter handle is @<mask>line64. References

External links
Kent State Golden Flashes bio

1989 births
Living people
American football offensive linemen
Kent State Golden Flashes football players
Minnesota Vikings players
New England Patriots players
People from Hartville, Ohio
People from Hoffman Estates, Illinois
People from Mason, Ohio
Players of American football from Illinois
Players of American football from Ohio
Sportspeople from the Cincinnati metropolitan area
Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois
Sportspeople from Kane County, Illinois
Tennessee Titans players

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Josh Kline
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