title: Julio Palmaz

texts:
<mask> (December 13, 1945 in La Plata, Argentina) is a doctor of vascular radiology at University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. He studied at the National University of La Plata in Argentina, earning his medical degree in 1971. He then practiced vascular radiology at the San Martin University Hospital in La Plata before moving to the University of Texas Health and Science Center at San Antonio. He is known for inventing the balloon-expandable stent, for which he received a patent filed in 1985. It was recognized in Intellectual Property International Magazine as one of "Ten Patents that Changed the World" in the last century. His early stent research artifacts are now part of the medical collection of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He continues to innovate on his initial designs, developing new endovascular devices.Education and career
<mask> was born in December 13, 1945, in La Plata, Argentina; <mask>'s parents were of Italian descent, his father worked as a bus driver. <mask> received his M.D. in 1971 from the National University of La Plata, Argentina. He joined the San Martin University Hospital in La Plata to practice vascular radiology in 1974. He moved with his family to the United States in 1977 and spent three years training in radiology at the University of California at Davis' Martinez Veterans Administration Medical Center. He has worked as Chief of Angiography and Special Procedures in the radiology department at the University of Texas Health and Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) since 1983. He currently holds the Ashbel Smith Professorship as a tenured Professor at UTHSCSA.In 2019, Palmaz was part of a team awarded the Russ Prize "for innovations in medical devices that enable minimally invasive angioplasty treatment of advanced coronary artery disease." Palmaz-Schatz Stent

Background
Coronary artery disease is a condition in which the blood vessels to the heart become clogged. It often leads to heart attacks and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the leading treatment consisted of invasive bypass surgery, in which a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body is grafted onto the coronary artery, forming a detour around the afflicted region. Due to the high cost and risk of this procedure, an alternative was in high demand. In 1977, Andreas Gruentzig performed the first successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty. In this procedure, a catheter attached to a small balloon is inserted into the afflicted artery.The balloon is subsequently expanded, compressing the accumulated plaque to allow increased blood flow. This was a substantial improvement over bypass surgery in terms of invasiveness, but unfortunately restenosis, a recurrence of arterial clogging, occurred in nearly 50% of patients after the balloon was removed. Conception
<mask> got the idea for his stent after listening to a lecture by Gruentzig at a conference in New Orleans in 1978. He had an idea then to put a scaffold of sorts inside the vessels, to hold them open and keep them from occluding. He wrote up his ideas in a manuscript – which became important later as a proof of conception – and started to work on prototypes. He began by sticking pins into a pencil and weaving wire around them, but the structure did not maintain form as it was compressed. He then soldered the wires at their junctions, achieving the desired plasticity; however this required two separate metals, which was undesirable for medical use.His solution was inspired by a metal lathe with a structure of staggered openings that a mason had left in his garage: cutting holes in metal tubing would create a collapsible structure that would remain rigid once expanded. Development
Palmaz succeeded in creating a model that he was able to test in animals, including pigs and rabbits, with promising results; he also began shopping the device around to medical companies, but the response was lukewarm. In 1983, Dr. Stewart Reuter, Chair of Radiology at UTHSCSA and a mentor to Palmaz, encouraged him to accept a position at the center. Palmaz did so, in part because there he would have access to resources he needed to further his stent development. He eventually succeeded in creating a prototype of a stainless steel, insertable mesh stent that could be expanded once inside the body to hold a blood vessel or artery open and allow blood to flow more freely. He also secured funding from a somewhat unlikely partner: Phil Romano, an entrepreneur who founded restaurant chains such as Fuddruckers and The Macaroni Grill, offered to put up $250,000 in exchange for a stake in the product, which Palmaz began co-developing with Dr. Richard Schatz, a cardiologist at Brooke Army Medical Center. Commercial Success
The trio, calling themselves the Expandable Graft Partnership, patented the stent technology in 1985 and presented it to a variety of large companies.Those firms included Boston Scientific, which passed on the technology; and Johnson & Johnson, which eventually licensed the stent technology for some $10 million plus royalties. With Johnson & Johnson behind it, and with an additional $100 million invested in its development, the Palmaz stent was approved for use in peripheral arteries in 1991, followed by approval for use in coronary arteries in 1994; Johnson & Johnson quickly captured 90 percent of the market for stents and bought the patent outright from Palmaz, Schatz and Romano in 1998. Litigation
Palmaz stent patents were the subject of fierce legal battles brought by Johnson and Johnson against several companies manufacturing stents. After 12 years of litigation, the District Court of Delaware ruled in favor of Johnson and Johnson, declaring that the Palmaz patents had been infringed. The damages awarded for the Palmaz patents were the largest ever in patent litigation history. Medical Impact
Within four years of its FDA approval, the balloon-expandable stent was used in over 80% of percutaneous coronary interventions, a virtually unparalleled success. Currently approximately one million stents are implanted annually worldwide.The balloon angioplasty augmented with the use of the stent has become the preferred treatment for atherosclerosis. However, the stent has not completely done away with restenosis after angioplasty, and improved procedures continue to be sought. The drug-eluting stent, which releases chemicals that inhibit restenosis, has shown marked success and seems to be replacing the bare-metal stent in America, though Europeans have resisted the change due to the expense. Business Ventures
Palmaz formed Advanced Bio Prosthetic Surfaces (ABPS) in 1999, with Christopher Banas, as a private R&D enterprise to develop advanced biomaterials for implantable medical devices. In early 2008, Dr. <mask>, Steve Solomon, and other principals, along with private investors formed Palmaz Scientific to acquire thin-film and related intellectual property, equipment, employees and related assets from Nitinol Development (NDC), a Johnson & Johnson / Cordis company which has licensed ABPS technology. The company, which operates out of Dallas, will design, manufacture and sell implantable bio prosthetic devices. Palmaz also created the largest wine cave in Napa Valley, Palmaz Vineyards.It is entirely gravity operated. Personal life
<mask> is married to fellow Argentine Amalia <mask> and has two children, Florencia and Christian. He lives in San Antonio and Napa, and enjoys collecting vintage Porsches. He owns the famous Porsche 917-023, the car that earned Porsche its first victory at Le Mans in 1970. His son <mask> owns and flies a 2015 Bell 429 Global Ranger N665PV. References

1945 births
Living people

masks:
Julio Palmaz
Julio Palmaz
Palmaz
Palmaz
Palmaz
Palmaz
Palmaz
Palmaz
Christian Palmaz


title: Kenneth Mars

type: original

texts:
<mask> (October 4, 1935 – February 12, 2011) was an American actor. He appeared in two Mel Brooks films: as the deranged Nazi playwright Franz Liebkind in The Producers (1967) and Police Inspector Hans Wilhelm Friedrich Kemp in Young Frankenstein (1974). He also appeared in Peter Bogdanovich's What's Up Doc? (1972), and Woody Allen's Radio Days (1987), and Shadows and Fog (1990). <mask> appeared in two seasons of Malcolm in the Middle as Otto Mannkusser, Francis's well-meaning but dimwitted boss and a German immigrant who owns a dude ranch. He voiced King Triton, Ariel's father, in the 1989 Disney animated film The Little Mermaid and its sequel, as well as its companion television series, and the Kingdom Hearts series. He also did several other animated voice-over film roles such as Littlefoot's grandfather in the Land Before Time series (up to 2008) and that of Professor Screweyes in We're Back!A Dinosaur's Story (1993), and King Colbert (Prince Cornelius's father) in Thumbelina (1994). Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago. His father, Bernard "Sonny" <mask>, was a radio and television personality. <mask> studied fine arts and acting at Northwestern University. Career
<mask> made his acting debut in 1962 as a book publisher on Car 54, Where Are You?. He later appeared on such television series as Gunsmoke, Get Smart, McMillan & Wife, Columbo, and The Bob Crane Show. He also appeared in dramatic roles such as Will Turner, a former FBI agent, in Warren Beatty's The Parallax View.<mask> played Harry Zarakartos on the Richard Benjamin-Paula Prentiss 1967 CBS-TV sitcom He & She. He was featured in a number of small roles in broadcasts such as the Misfits of Science pilot episode and the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Shadowplay". He was cast opposite Bette Davis in Hello Mother, Goodbye!, a 1973 television pilot aired by NBC but never picked up as a series. From 1970 to 1974, <mask> guest starred in five episodes of Love, American Style, playing various characters. In 1977, <mask> became a series regular on both the Sha Na Na variety series and on Norman Lear's talk show parody Fernwood 2-Night in the memorable recurring  role of eccentric William W.D. 'Bud' Prize, from Fernwood's Chamber of Commerce. He continued the role on America 2-Night in 1978.In 2001, <mask> portrayed a comedic famous but washed-up photographer on Just Shoot Me. Before his death, his final television roles were Otto, the German dude ranch owner on Fox Broadcasting Company's Malcolm in the Middle, an appearance on Disney Channel's Hannah Montana, and a reprise of his role as Grandpa Longneck in The Land Before Time television series. In 1969, <mask> portrayed a marshal trying to raise a posse to pursue Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, only to have his address to the townsfolk hijacked by a friendly bicycle salesman. <mask> frequently played characters with exaggerated accents. He portrayed German characters in The Producers (1967) and Young Frankenstein (1974), and played a Croatian musicologist, Hugh Simon, in What's Up, Doc? (1972). His first broadly accented character was that of Sir Evelyn Oakleigh in the 1962 Off-Broadway revival of the Cole Porter musical Anything Goes.He also appeared in the 1962 Broadway play The Affair. In 1975, ABC/Dunhill released a comedy LP produced by Earl Doud, Henry the First, featuring <mask> in a number of comedy bits as Henry Kissinger, including a cover version of the Bachman–Turner Overdrive song, "Takin' Care of Business". <mask> cultivated a lengthy voice acting career, launching it by voicing several characters on Uncle Croc's Block. He voiced the roles of Ariel's father King Triton in The Little Mermaid and in the video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts II. He voiced Littlefoot's Grandpa Longneck in The Land Before Time series of films and the spin-off television series, and the villainous Professor Screweyes in We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story. He played some minor roles on the popular radio show, Adventures in Odyssey.He played Sweet William in Fievel's American Tails, which took place after An American Tail: Fievel Goes West. He voiced characters on many animated television series, such as The Smurfs, The Biskitts, A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, TaleSpin, and Animaniacs, as well as video games such as Fallout and Kingdom Hearts. In 2008, <mask> retired from acting after being diagnosed with pancreatic cancer two years prior. His final performance was as Grandpa Longneck in the animated television series The Land Before Time. Personal life
In 1977, <mask> married Barbara Newborn. They had two daughters, Susannah and Rebecca. The marriage lasted until his death in 2011.Illness and death
In 2006, <mask> was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer that had already spread beyond his pancreas. His cancer made him so ill that he could not reprise his role as King Triton for The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning, so Jim Cummings took over the role. As well as not being able to voice Triton, he could not voice Grandpa Longneck in The Land Before Time XIII: The Wisdom of Friends (Littlefoot’s Grandpa does appear in the film, but has no lines) and couldn't return to reprise his role as Otto in season 6 of Malcolm in the Middle. He died from the disease on February 12, 2011, at the age of 75. Filmography

Film

Television

 Gunsmoke (1967) Robber Clyde Hayes
 The Ghost & Mrs. Muir (1968-1970, TV series) as Joshua T. Albertson / Ellsworth Gordon (2 episodes)
 He & She (1967–1968, TV series) as Harry Zarakartos
 Guess Who's Sleeping in My Bed? (1973, TV series) as Mitchell Bernard
 The New Original Wonder Woman (pilot) (1975, TV series) as Colonel Oberst Von Blasko (1 episode)
 It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman (1975, TV special) as Max Mencken
 Fernwood 2 Night (1977, TV series) as William W.D. "Bud" Prize (8 episodes)
 Baa Baa Black Sheep (1977, TV series) as Harold French
 America 2-Night (1978, TV series) as William W.D."Bud" Prize
 Goin' Coconuts (1978) as Kruse
 Heaven Only Knows (1979, TV series)
 The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again (1979) as Marshal Woolly Bill Hitchcock
 Carol Burnett & Company (1979, TV series)
 Hart to Hart (1980, TV series)
 Full Moon High (1981) as Coach Cleveland / Principal Cleveland
 Yellowbeard (1983) as Mr. Crisp / Verdugo
 The Biskitts (1983) as King Max
 The New Scooby-Doo Mysteries (1983) as Orson Kane
 Prince Jack (1984) as Lyndon B. Johnson
 Protocol (1984) as Lou
 Fletch (1985) as Stanton Boyd
 Beer (1985) as Adolphe Norbecker
 Misfits of Science (TV) (1985) as Sen. Donner
 The Adventures of the American Rabbit (1986) as Walt / Vultor the Buzzard (voice)
 Radio Days (1987) as Rabbi Baumel
 A Pup Named Scooby-Doo (1988–1991, TV series) as Dogcatcher Ghost (voice)
 For Keeps? (1988) as Mr. Bobrucz
 Illegally Yours (1988) as Hal B. Keeler
 Rented Lips (1988) as Rev. Farrell
 The Smurfs (1989, TV series, voice)
 Get Smart, Again! (1989, TV series) as Cmdr. Drury
 Police Academy 6: City Under Siege (1989) as The Mayor / The Mastermind
 Tiny Toon Adventures (1990, TV series) as Flavio (voice) (episode: "Hollywood Plucky")
 Timeless Tales from Hallmark (1991)
 Darkwing Duck (1991, TV series) as Tuskernini (voice)
 Shadows and Fog (1991) as Armstead the Magician
 A Different World (1992) as Homeless Man
 Fievel's American Tails (1992, TV series) as Sweet William
 The Little Mermaid (1992-1994, TV series) as King Triton (voice)
 We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story (1993) as Professor Screweyes (voice)
 Swat Kats: The Radical Squadron (1993) as Dr. Wally Gilbert Kenrousch (voice)
 Bonkers (1993, TV series) as Gloomy (voice)
 Animaniacs (1993, TV series) as Ludwig van Beethoven (voice)
 Batman: The Animated Series (1994, TV series) as Richard (voice)
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1994) as Colyus
 Thumbelina (1994) as King Colbert (voice)
 The Land Before Time series (II-XIII) (1994-2008) as Littlefoot’s Grandpa (voice)
 Freakazoid!(1995, TV series) as Dr. Gunter Hunter Hanker (voice)
 Batman: The Animated Series (1995, TV series) as M2 (voice)
 The Drew Carey Show (1997, TV series) as Mr. Tinsley
 Fallout (1997, Video Game) as Vault 13 Overseer (voice)
 Godzilla: The Series (1998, TV series) as Dr. Alexander Preloran (voice)
 The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea (2000) as King Triton (voice)
 Becker (2001, TV series) as Melvin
 Just Shoot Me (2001, TV series) as Horse
 Kingdom Hearts (2002) as King Triton (voice)
 Teddy Bears' Picnic (2002) as Gene Molinari
 Kingdom Hearts II (2006, Video Game) as King Triton (voice)

Discography
Henry the First (1974) - Henry Kissinger

References

External links

1935 births
2011 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
Male actors from Chicago
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American male video game actors
American male comedians
Dunhill Records artists
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
People from Granada Hills, Los Angeles
American male comedy actors
Northwestern University alumni

masks:
Kenneth Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Kenneth
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars
Mars


title: Smitha Madhav

texts:
<mask> is a Carnatic Classical Singer and Bharatanatyam Dancer. Carnatic music is a system of music commonly associated with the southern part of India and one of the two main classifications of Indian Classical Music (the other being Hindustani Classical Music). Music career
Smitha has been trained in Bharatanatyam by Guru Nritya Choodamani Smt Rajeswari Sainath, the director of Sruthi Laya Kendra Natarajaalaya. This institute was founded by Mrudangam maestro Karaikudi Mani. She also continues to receive advanced training in Carnatic Classical music from Ms Lalitha & Ms Haripriya, better known as Hyderabad Sisters. Smitha has a Diploma program in Music and Dance from the Telugu University which she completed with distinction. She is currently pursuing the Masters' Program in Dance from the Indirakala Sangeet Vishwa Vidyalaya and the Masters' programme in Music from the Madras University.She is an empanelled artiste of the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR)

Tours and performances
Smitha has performed in all major sabhas all over India and has presented her concerts in the United States of America, Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. She rendered nearly 30 recitals and lecture demonstrations across the United States to render funds for Vegesna Foundation, a non-profit organisation dedicated to serving differently-abled children. Choreographies
Smitha also choreographs on her own, including:
 Raagam Raaghavam: A solo thematic Bharatanatyam presentation based on various renditions of the Ramayana
 Navasandhi: A dance tribute to the Dikpalas
 Sri Venkata Gireesham Bhaje: A multi-lingual solo choreographic work that traces the pilgrims progress from Tirupati to Tirumala. Kesadi Paadam: A work using pure dance, instrumentation and Aahaarya to tell various hitherto unheard stories from the life of Lord Krishna. Film and television
 <mask> played the lead role of Seetha in the feature film Bala Ramayanam (1996) produced by M.S. Reddy and directed by Gunasekhar. Unique in that its entire cast comprised children between 10 and 12 years of age, the film went on to win the National award.More recently, <mask> played the female lead in Prithvi, a bi-lingual (Bengali and Telugu) art film directed by Sisir Sahana. On television, Smitha has anchored several shows in multiple languages. She has hosted several episodes of the Gemini TV show Jayam Manade. She has hosted a year-long season of Annamayya Sankeerthanarchana, a Carnatic music show on Sri Venkateswara Bhakthi Channel (TTD) along with scholar and musicologist, Sri Pappu Venogopala Rao. In Tamil, Smitha coordinated and presented Vijay TV's Sangeetha Sangamam, a successful program that showcased promising and upcoming Carnatic musicians
 Smitha also featured in Krishna Vijayam on Vijay TV where she presented a series of classical numbers coinciding with the Deepavali celebrations on the Tamil channel. She performed at the Bhakti Tiruvizha held at Narada gana sabha, Chennai that was telecast on Vijay TV. * Her rendering in dance format of all 30 pasurams of the Aandaal Tiruppavai has been featured in the Bhakti Channel, Hyderabad.List of select concerts

 Essence of Life, Hyderabad
 Thyagaraja Aradhana Festival, Tirupati
 Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai
 Nada Brahma Gana Sabha, Chennai
 Krishna Gana Sabha, Chennai
 Narada Gana Sabha, Chennai
 TTD Brahmotsavam, Tirupati
 Saraswati Gana Sabha, Kakinada
 Shanmukananda Sabha, Mumbai
 Ramakrishna Math, Singapore
 Tyagaraja Aradhana, Thiruvaiyaru
 Brahma Gana Sabha, Chennai
 Thyaga Brahma Gana Sabha, Chennai
 Waldorf International Conference, Hyderabad
 MAA TV Ravindra Bharati, Hyderabad
 Mylapore Fine Arts, Chennai
 Bharat Kalachar, Chennai
 Kartik Fine Arts, Chennai
 Music Academy, Chennai
 Shanmukhananda Sabha, Delhi
 Bangalore Gayana Samaja, Bangalore
 Guruvayur Devaswom, Guruvayur
 Telugu Association of North America
 Yuva Sangeetotosavan, Dept. of Culture, Govt of Andhra Pradesh

Recent events

 <mask> Madhav gave a dance performance in November 2011 for the Singapore Management University's e-MBA pioneer class. The theme of this performance was Leadership and Management principles through Bharatnatyam. This performance did not showcase just the traditional art form, but explained certain key concepts that can be applied to present day management and leadership from ancient Indian Texts like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. She was responsible for the end to end orchestration of the program including conceptualisation, scripting, choreography, background music score and narration for the event. The performance was well received by the foreign audience. <mask> was honoured with the Akkineni Nageswara Rao SWARNA KANKANAM award in September 2011.On this occasion, she presented a unique twin recital, where she rendered a classical song while simultaneously dancing to a pre-recorded orchestra. The recital was conceived as a tribute to T Balasaraswathi and M.S. Subbalakshmi. The songs chosen were 2 of their ever green songs. Krishna Ni Begane Baaro from Balamma's repertoire and a Meera Bhajan, More tho giridhar Gopal, popularised by M. S. Subbulakshmi
 Smitha gave two performances at the World Tamil Economic Conference held in Dubai from 1 October 2011 to 4 October 2011. One was a bharatanatyam performance and a second was a vocal recital of Tamil Songs. References

Further reading
 Awards Galore, The Hindu, published on 16-Mar-2007
 Smitha's profile at ArtScape
 Smitha Performs for Vegesna Foundation
 Smitha Madhav Profile
 Telugu Association of North America
 Sruthi Laya Kendra

External links
 Essence of Life
 Adaal Kaaniro, Vijay TV, Sangeetha Sangamam
 Vijay TV, Sangeetha Sangamam
 Ninne Bhajana, Smitha in Concert, Denver, CO, USA
 Vijay TV, Bhakthi Tiruvizha, 7-Jul-2009
 Vijay TV, Bhakthi Tiruvizha, 7-Jul-2009
 Vijay TV, Bhakthi Tiruvizha, 7-Jul-2009
 Mylapore Fine Arts Club, Andal Kanavu Varanamayiram
 Smitha's Dance Concert, Denver, CO, USA
 Smitha's Dance Concert, Denver, CO, USA

Living people
Women Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Indian female classical dancers
Performers of Indian classical dance
Bharatanatyam exponents
Singers from Hyderabad, India
Indian women classical singers
Dancers from Andhra Pradesh
Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian singers
20th-century Indian women singers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Smitha Madhav
Smitha
Smitha
Smitha
Smitha


title: Stavros Dimas

texts:
<mask> (, ; born 30 April 1941) is a Greek politician who was European Commissioner for the Environment from 2004 to 2009. From November 2011 to May 2012, he served in the government of Greece as Minister for Foreign Affairs. The New Democracy–PASOK coalition government nominated him for the post of President of Greece in December 2014, but he failed to achieve the necessary votes, forcing the dissolution of parliament. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1941 in the village of Klenia, Corinthia. <mask> studied law at the University of Athens and went on to earn a Master of Laws from New York University. Career
In 1968 he began working as a lawyer for a firm on Wall Street, moving to the World Bank the following year, where he worked on investments in Africa and the Middle East. In 1975 he returned to Greece to take up the post of deputy governor of the Hellenic Industrial Development Bank (ETVA), while also being a member of the committee preparing Greek accession to the EEC.Entry into politics
From 1977 he was active in Greek politics as a member of the conservative New Democracy party, being elected as an MP on the nationwide list. He was elected to the Greek parliament ten consecutive times from that year. He went on to hold a variety of ministerial and other political positions:

Deputy Minister of Economic Coordination (28 November 1977 – 10 May 1980)
Minister of Trade (10 May – 11 October 1980)
Minister without Portfolio (11 October 1980 – 21 October 1981)
Parliamentary spokesperson for the New Democracy party (October 1985 – June 1989)
Minister of Agriculture (2 July – 12 October 1989)
Minister of Agriculture (23 November 1989 – 13 February 1990)
Minister of Industry, Energy and Technology (11 April 1990 – 29 July 1991)
Secretary-General of New Democracy (1995–2000)
Senior Member of the Political Analysis Steering Committee of New Democracy (2000–2003)
Head of the New Democracy delegation to the Council of Europe (2000–2004)

European Commission
<mask> served briefly in the Prodi Commission. He was appointed European Commissioner for Employment and Social Affairs in March 2004, taking over the role from the previous Greek Commissioner Anna Diamantopoulou. A major focus of his work during this time involved making it more difficult for states to opt out of the Working Time Directive. The Greek government nominated <mask> for the incoming Barroso Commission which took office on 22 November 2004. In a speech to a committee of the European Parliament <mask> announced four main priorities for his term in office: climate change, biodiversity, public health and sustainability.He emphasised the importance of the Kyoto Protocol, the Natura 2000 project, the REACH directive, and the need to better enforce existing EU environmental legislation. Selection hearing

Concerns were raised in advance by MEPs and many NGOs that by appointing a former Wall Street lawyer and industry minister to the environment post the EU had signalled a decreased commitment to environmental issues in favour of promoting economic competitiveness. However, after some months time, the environment unions quickly endorsed his programme and publicly congratulated him for being able to support the positions of the environmental organizations with great success within the commission. <mask>' role was vital especially since the President, Mr Barroso, was ready to disregard the effects to the environment due to the need to improve economic development. Questioned by the European Parliament, <mask> took the view that preserving the environment and promoting competitiveness went hand in hand, and that environmental policy could provide a stimulus for technological innovation. Among other statements, he said that GM residues in seeds should be the lowest technically feasible. Following his hearing <mask> received a sceptical response from most MEPs.Many believed him to have insufficient experience to fulfill the role. Karl-Heinz Florenz, chair of the Environment Committee and a member of the conservative EPP-ED, said that European environment policy needed, "more than just declarations of intention.... If Commission President-designate Barroso puts the Lisbon Strategy on top of the agenda, this must not mean that the primacy of economic over environment policy gets cemented." However, he stressed the need to give <mask> time to 'grow into' his role. The Socialists gave him a qualified approval but criticised his plans as too vague. The Greens and the left-wing GUE/NGL opposed his appointment outright, with the Greens naming him as one of the three "incompetent" Commissioners-designate who prompted them to vote against the commission as a whole. Representatives of industry and the business community welcomed his appointment to the environment post.In a dramatic change of stance, the Greens endorsed the programme plan by Commissioner <mask> and have argued that their cooperation in environmental issues is harmonic. Stance on climate change

<mask> led the EU in its tough line on climate change during the first weeks of the new Commission. At UN talks on climate change in Buenos Aires in December 2004 he attempted to negotiate a new system of mandatory emissions reductions to follow the expiration of the initial Kyoto targets in 2012. This approach met with fierce opposition from the U.S., representatives of which refused to even discuss the matter. The Italian environment minister Altero Matteoli broke EU ranks on the issue, proposing voluntary targets after 2012, and saying that it was, "unthinkable to go ahead without the US, China and India." In response to the refusal of countries to sign Kyoto, such as the United States and Australia (the latter of which exchanged viewpoints with the EU on the matter), the EU has been looking to tax products imported from those countries not taking low-carbon policies on board (Border Tax Adjustments). When defending the commission's new proposals to climate change in 2007, he claimed "It is clear that the fight against climate change is much more than a battle.It is a world war that will last for many years." <mask> oversaw the introduction of the EU's emissions trading scheme, that took effect on 1 January 2005, despite emissions reduction plans from Poland, Italy, the Czech Republic and Greece not having been approved on time. He also sought to include companies operating aircraft under the emissions trading regime. In February 2007 the Commissioner put forward his plans to increase fuel efficiency standards of cars so that emissions are no more than 130g of CO2 per km, down from 162g/km in 2005. This caused anger from the European car industry which was stoked by the Commissioner requesting a Japanese car, a Toyota Prius, instead of a European make due to the Toyota's better environmental standards. Return to Greece
In July 2010 the president of New Democracy Antonis Samaras appointed <mask> <mask> as vice-president of the party with responsibility for economic and social affairs. From 11 November 2011 to 17 May 2012 he served as Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Lucas Papademos interim cabinet.On 9 December 2014, Prime Minister Samaras announced the candidacy of <mask>, jointly supported by New Democracy and PASOK, for the Presidency of Greece, which took place in three ballots on 17, 23 and 29 December. He failed to achieve the necessary votes, forcing the dissolution of parliament. References

External links

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1941 births
Living people
Foreign ministers of Greece
Greek European Commissioners
Greek MPs 1977–1981
Greek MPs 1981–1985
Greek MPs 1985–1989
Greek MPs 1989 (June–November)
Greek MPs 1989–1990
Greek MPs 1990–1993
Greek MPs 1993–1996
Greek MPs 1996–2000
Greek MPs 2000–2004
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
New York University School of Law alumni
People from Corinthia

masks:
Stavros Dimas
Stavros Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Dimas
Stavros
Dimas
Dimas


title: Han Jian (Zhenguo warlord)

texts:
<mask> (韓建) (855-August 15, 912), courtesy name Zuoshi (佐時), was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, who eventually became a subject of the succeeding Later Liang. He is most well known for having had Emperor Zhaozong of Tang under his control at his power base at Hua Prefecture (華州, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi) from 896 to 898 and slaughtering the imperial princes while Emperor Zhaozong was there. During Tang Dynasty

Background and early career
<mask> was born in 855, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong of Tang. He was from Xu Prefecture (許州, in modern Xuchang, Henan). His ancestors, including his father <mask>feng (), had served for generations in the army. When Qin Zongquan took over Cai Prefecture (蔡州, in modern Zhumadian, Henan) in 880, he encouraged people to join his army, and <mask>an did. In 881, when the eunuch general Yang Fuguang was able to persuade Zhou Ji the military governor (Jiedushi) of Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered at Xu Prefecture) to renounce his allegiance to Huang Chao — a major agrarian rebel who had captured the Tang capital Chang'an, forced then-reigning Emperor Xizong (Emperor Xuānzong's grandson) to flee to Chengdu, and declared himself the emperor of a new state of Qi — and return to the Tang fold, Yang also persuaded Qin to send forces to contribute to the war efforts against Huang's Qi state.Yang organized his army into eight corps, commanded by Lu Yanhong, Jin Hui (), <mask>, <mask>, Zhang Zao (), Li Shitai (), and Pang Cong () respectively. <mask> thereafter served under Yang. Yang Fuguang died in 883 while stationed at Hezhong Circuit (河中, in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) and still fighting against Huang. Instead of continuing to fight against Huang, Lu decided to take his troops and rove around the region, pillaging as he went. Wang, <mask>, Zhang, Jin, and Li followed him as well. Later in 883, Lu captured Xingyuan (興元, in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi) the capital of Shannan West Circuit (), expelling the military governor Niu Xu () and claiming the title of acting military governor. He commissioned <mask> and the other Zhongwu corps commanders as prefects within Shannan West, but did not allow them to actually report to their prefectures.He was particularly suspicious of Wang and <mask> because of their deep friendship, but wanting to comfort them, he often treated them well. Wang and <mask> realized Lu's intentions, however, and in fall 884, with Emperor Xizong's trusted eunuch Tian Lingzi secretly tempting them with offers of good treatment, they, along with Zhang, Jin, and Li, abandoned Lu and fled to Chengdu to serve under Tian. After Emperor Xizong returned to Chang'an in 885 after Huang's defeat, <mask> was made the defender of Tong Pass and the prefect of Hua Prefecture. Governance at Hua Prefecture

Prior to Emperor Zhaozong's stay at Hua Prefecture
At that time, the Tang empire was divided between warlords, most of whom were only interested in battling and seizing more territory. However, as the prefect of Hua Prefecture, <mask>an encouraged the refugees from the wars to settle in Hua and promoted agriculture. It was said that within a span of a few years, both the Hua prefectural government and the people of Hua were wealthy. The popular sentiment at the time greatly praised him, along with Cheng Rui the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei).By 890, <mask> was carrying the title of military governor as well, of a newly created Zhenguo Circuit (), which included only Hua Prefecture and nearby Tong Prefecture (同州, also in modern Weinan). That year, when Emperor Xizong's brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong declared a general campaign against Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) and put the chancellor Zhang Jun in command of the operations, <mask> personally led his army to join Zhang's and was also responsible for supplying the army. The imperial army, however, was dealt a blow when Zhang's deputy commander, Sun Kui (), was captured in an ambush by Li Keyong's adoptive son Li Cunxiao. Subsequently, when the imperial army and Li Keyong's main army met, <mask> carried out a nighttime attack against Li Cunxiao but was repelled. After Han's defeat, the armies from Fengxiang (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) and Jingnan (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi, not the same circuit Cheng ruled) deserted the imperial army. After Li Keyong's army further defeated Zhang and forced the imperial army into a defensive posture at Jin Prefecture (晉州, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), the armies from Baoda (保大, headquartered in modern Yan'an, Shaanxi) and Dingnan (定難, headquartered in modern Yulin, Shaanxi) Circuits also abandoned the imperial army, leaving Zhang and <mask> defending Jin Prefecture with troops sent by Li Keyong's archrival Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Shanxi). Li Cunxiao put Jin under siege, but after deciding that capturing a chancellor would be a bad idea, he lifted the siege and allowed Zhang and Han to flee, and they did.To flee back west across the Yellow River, they were forced to tear down local residents' homes and use the building material to construct rafts. The defeat left the imperial army in shambles, although the extent of damage to <mask>'s own army is unclear. Subsequently, Li Keyong, as a condition for resubmitting to the imperial government, demanded the exiles of Zhang and fellow chancellor Kong Wei; however, instead of going into exile, both Zhang and Kong fled to Hua, where <mask> put them under his protection. In 891, after accusations of treason were made against the powerful eunuch Yang Fugong (Yang Fuguang's brother), Emperor Zhaozong sent imperial guards to attack Yang's mansion. Yang fled to Yang Fuguang's adoptive son Yang Shouliang the military governor of Shannan West, and they, along with Yang Fugong's other adoptive sons or nephews Yang Shouzhong (), Yang Shouzhen (), and Yang Shouhou (), all of whom were nearby governors, rose against the imperial government. In spring 892, <mask>, along with Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang, Wang Xingyu the military governor of Jingnan, Li Maozhen's brother Li Maozhuang () the military governor of Tianxiong Circuit (天雄, headquartered in modern Tianshui, Gansu), and Wang Xingyu's brother Wang Xingyue () the military governor of Kuangguo Circuit (匡國, headquartered at Tong Prefecture) (thus showing that <mask> had lost control of Tong by this point), submitted a petition for Emperor Zhaozong to declare a general campaign against Yang Fugong and his adoptive sons/nephews and make Li Maozhen the overall commander of the operations. Emperor Zhaozong hesitated, believing that if Li Maozhen conquered the Yangs' territory, he would be even harder to control, but Li Maozhen launched the campaign anyway without imperial sanction, forcing Emperor Zhaozong to eventually agree to the campaign.Li Maozhen eventually defeated the Yangs, forcing them to try to flee to Li Keyong (except Yang Shouhou who seemed to die a natural death around that time); on the way, they were intercepted and arrested by <mask>'s soldiers. <mask> delivered them to Chang'an, where they were executed. Li Maozhen took over their territory. In 895, a succession dispute that rose after the death of Wang Chongying the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, new name for Hezhong) brought <mask> and his allies Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu into direct dispute with the imperial government and Li Keyong. Wang Chongying's brother and predecessor Wang Chongrong had adopted Wang Ke, the biological son of his brother Wang Chongjian (), as his own son, and after Wang Chongying's death, the soldiers at Hezhong, with Li Keyong's backing, wanted Wang Ke to succeed Wang Chongying. However, Wang Chongying's own biological sons Wang Gong the military governor of Baoyi Circuit (保義, headquartered in modern Sanmenxia, Henan) and Wang Yao () the prefect of Jin had wanted Wang Gong to take over instead, and thus induced <mask>, Li Maozhen, and Wang Xingyu to lobby Emperor Zhaozong on Wang Gong's behalf. Emperor Zhaozong approved Li Keyong's request and rejected that of <mask> and his allies, leaving the three feeling humiliated.Wang Xingyu and <mask> were further displeased that their requests to take over two Shence Army bases were rejected as well. In summer 895, <mask>, Li Maozhen, and Wang Xingyu decided to march on Chang'an. They accused the former chancellors Wei Zhaodu and Li Xi, whom they viewed to be against them, of corruption, and when Emperor Zhaozong refused to execute Wei and Li Xi, they executed Wei and Li Xi anyway. They also forced Emperor Zhaozong to issue an edict transferring Wang Ke to Kuangguo, Wang Gong to Hezhong, and Wang Xingyue to Baoyi, before returning to their own circuits (but leaving troops at Chang'an to watch over Emperor Zhaozong). <mask>'s and his allies' actions spurred Li Keyong into action. He quickly defeated and killed Wang Yao, and then advanced across the Yellow River, putting Hua Prefecture under siege. <mask>'s pleas to Li Keyong to lift the siege were initially spurned by Li Keyong, but Li Keyong, after hearing that Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu were both intending to capture Emperor Zhaozong, advanced quickly toward Jingnan.(Li Maozhen's and Wang Xingyu's forces at Chang'an did, in fact, dispute among themselves and each attempted to capture Emperor Zhaozong, but Emperor Zhaozong, under protection by the imperial guards, fled into the Qinling Mountains instead and eluded capture.) Li Keyong put Jingnan's capital Bin Prefecture () under siege; Wang Xingyu tried to flee, but was killed in flight by his own subordinates. Li Maozhen and <mask>, in fear, became very submissive in their attitude toward the imperial government. Li Keyong subsequently requested permission from Emperor Zhaozong to destroy Li Maozhen as well, but Emperor Zhaozong, wanting to maintain a balance of power, forbid him, and he subsequently withdrew — and it was said that after Li Keyong's withdrawal, Li Maozhen and <mask> again became arrogant. In 896, Emperor Zhaozong tried to alleviate the pressures that Li Maozhen and <mask> were putting on the imperial government by recruiting new soldiers for the imperial guards, putting them under the commands of several imperial princes. Li Maozhen declared that the imperial princes were planning to attack him and that he would defend himself, mobilizing his own forces to again march on Chang'an. Emperor Zhaozong sought emergency aid from Li Keyong, but Li Keyong was unable to respond.When Li Maozhen then defeated Li Sizhou () the Prince of Qin and approached Chang'an, Emperor Zhaozong decided to take the imperial officials and princes and flee Chang'an — which Fengxiang forces then entered and burned. After leaving Chang'an, he initially intended, at the recommendation of Li Jiepi () the Prince of Yan, to flee to Hedong. However, <mask>

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title: Han Jian (Zhenguo warlord)

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 made several petitions to Emperor Zhaozong, urging him to head to Zhenguo instead, arguing that if Emperor Zhaozong went as far as Hedong, he would never be able to return to the Chang'an region. Emperor Zhaozong and his attendants also were hesitant to make the long trek to Hedong, and so went to Zhenguo instead. During and after Emperor Zhaozong's stay at Hua Prefecture
Emperor Zhaozong's chancellors (at that time, Wang Tuan, Sun Wo, and Lu Yi), who fled with him to Zhenguo, were apprehensive of <mask>an and were not daring to decide on policy matters. Emperor Zhaozong, in response, issued an edict asking <mask> to participate in the policy decisions, but after <mask> declined, cancelled the request. Meanwhile, another chancellor who had been removed at <mask>'s behest, Cui Yin, sought aid from Zhu Quanzhong, who had submitted a petition asking Emperor Zhaozong to move the capital to Luoyang; Zhu made a posture to attack <mask> and wrote <mask> to suggest that Cui should be restored.<mask>, in fear, recommended Cui's restoration, and Cui was subsequently restored. Emperor Zhaozong subsequently bestowed the honorary chancellor title of Zhongshu Ling () on <mask>. He also put Sun in command of the operations against Li Maozhen and had <mask> be Sun's assistant as well as the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., Chang'an region), preparing to attack Li Maozhen. However, <mask> did not want the emperor to attack his long-time ally, and Li Maozhen also submitted petitions begging forgiveness, and the imperial army was never put into actual attack mode. Meanwhile, <mask>, apprehensive of the imperial army soldiers that the imperial princes who fled to Zhenguo with Emperor Zhaozong commanded, falsely accused them of plotting treason, going as far as having soldiers surround Emperor Zhaozong's provisional palace clamoring for the princes to be stripped of their commands. Due to this threat, Emperor Zhaozong was forced to strip the princes of their commands, and to execute the imperial guard command Li Yun (), who had up to that point protected Emperor Zhaozong well. <mask> then put the imperial princes under effective house arrest, leaving Emperor Zhaozong with no forces that he could command.Knowing that Emperor Zhaozong was displeased with him, he tried to alleviate the displeasure by urging Emperor Zhaozong to create his oldest son Li You the Prince of De crown prince. Emperor Zhaozong agreed and created Li You crown prince (changing his name to Li Yu) and Li Yu's mother Consort He empress. Also around the same time, <mask> falsely accused two of Emperor Zhaozong's close associates, the astronomer Ma Daoyin () and the physician Xu Yanshi () and had them executed, and then used the excuse that Sun and a new chancellor, Zhu Pu, were associated with Ma and Xu, to have Sun and Zhu removed from their chancellor positions. In summer 897, Li Maozhen, whose ally Gu Yanhui the military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan) had suffered repeated defeats by <mask> (who by that point had taken over neighboring Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu) and was expanding his territory), submitted a petition urging Emperor Zhaozong to punish Wang for attacking Dongchuan. In response, Emperor Zhaozong, trying to use this as an excuse to recover Fengxiang, issued demoting Wang to be a prefectural prefect, transferring Li Maozhen to Xichuan, and making Li Sizhou the military governor of Fengxiang. When Li Sizhou headed for Fengxiang, Li Maozhen refused to let him take over the circuit, and put him and his soldiers under siege. It was only after <mask> wrote a letter to Li Maozhen that Li Maozhen lifted the siege against Li Sizhou to allow Li Sizhou to return to Zhenguo.Subsequently, as Wang also refused to yield Xichuan to Li Maozhen, the orders were cancelled. Soon after Li Sizhou's return, Li Jiepi also returned from Hezhong, where he had gone to seek aid from Li Keyong — thus exposing the fact that Li Keyong, who had suffered defeats lately, would be unable to come to the emperor's aid. With the possibility that Li Keyong might intervene removed, <mask> submitted a petition demanding the deaths of Li Sizhou, Li Jiepi, and the other imperial princes, on accusations of treason. Emperor Zhaozong tried to alleviate the situation by not acting on <mask>'s petition, but <mask> and the eunuch Liu Jishu the acting director of palace communications then acted on their own and executed Li Sizhou, Li Jiepi, Li Yun () the Prince of Dan, Emperor Zhaozong's uncle Li Zi the Prince of Tong, and seven other princes. Meanwhile, <mask> sent threats to Li Maozhen's adoptive son Li Jitang (), who was then the military governor of Kuangguo, and Li Jitang fled back to Fengxiang, allowing <mask> to take over Kuangguo. Emperor Zhaozong thereafter made him the military governor of Kuangguo, in addition to Zhenguo. Meanwhile, Zhu Quanzhong made repeated requests to have Emperor Zhaozong move to Luoyang.Both Li Maozhen and <mask> were apprehensive that Zhu would attack west, and therefore decided to repair the palaces at Chang'an to have Emperor Zhaozong return to Chang'an. They also made peace with Li Keyong. The palace reconstruction was completed in spring 898, and <mask> personally went to Chang'an to inspect them. In autumn 898, Emperor Zhaozong and his court returned to Chang'an, while <mask> remained at Zhenguo. Emperor Zhaozong bestowed the honorific title of acting Taifu () on him, and converted Hua Prefecture into a special municipality, Xingde (), making <mask> its mayor. He also created <mask> the Duke of Xu. Submission to Zhu Quanzhong
In 901, after Emperor Zhaozong had been deposed by Liu Jishu and Wang Zhongxian () in 900 but then restored by Shence Army officers who were loyal to him, Cui Yin proposed to Emperor Zhaozong that all of the eunuchs be massacred.The plan became known to Liu's and Wang's successors <mask> and Zhang Yanhong (), who, fearful of being killed, entered into an alliance with Li Maozhen and tried to have Cui removed. Cui, in turn fearful that the eunuchs would have him killed, requested that Zhu Quanzhong bring an army to Chang'an to act against the eunuchs. Hearing that Zhu had launched his troops, <mask> and Zhang forcibly took Emperor Zhaozong to Fengxiang. Meanwhile, as Zhu's forces approached the region, <mask>'s subordinate Sima Ye (), whom <mask> had made the acting military governor of Kuangguo, surrendered Kuangguo to Zhu. Zhu sent Sima back to Zhenguo to have him relay Zhu's message — that if <mask> did not surrender, Zhu would attack. In fear, <mask> sent his deputy military governor Li Juchuan () to surrender. The retired chancellor Zhang Jun met with Zhu and persuaded him that <mask>, who had long been allied with Li Maozhen, must be removed.When Zhu met him to rebuke him for his past deeds, <mask> blamed them on Li Juchuan. Zhu executed Li Juchuan but spared Han. Wanting to remove Han from the scene, however, he made <mask> the military governor of Zhongwu and transferred Zhongwu's military governor Zhao Xu () to Kuangguo. It was said that the large amount of tax revenue that <mask> had obtained and saved during Emperor Zhaozong's stay at Hua Prefecture (Xingde Municipality having been abolished by this point) now fell into Zhu's hands. Zhu subsequently put Fengxiang under siege. In 903, with Fengxiang suffering from a terrible famine due to the siege, Li Maozhen surrendered Emperor Zhaozong to Zhu and sued for peace. Zhu, with the emperor in his hands, began to consider usurping the throne.He first forced Emperor Zhaozong to kill Cui (who by now was aware of his intentions and were trying to raise an imperial army to counter it) and then forced Emperor Zhaozong to abandon Chang'an and move the capital to Luoyang. As Emperor Zhaozong went on the journey to Luoyang, he stopped at Hua Prefecture and stayed for some time there. At one point, Zhu went to meet him, along with <mask>, and he held a feast in their honor. <mask>, however, warned Zhu that Emperor Zhaozong might be planning to assassinate him at the feast (<mask> did so by stomping on Zhu's feet during the feast), and therefore Zhu cut the feast short and left it. Zhu thus became grateful to <mask>. Subsequently, Zhu made the Chang'an region into a new Youguo Circuit (佑國, headquartered at Chang'an) and made Han the military governor of Youguo. However, in 906 (by which time Emperor Zhaozong had been assassinated under Zhu's orders and succeeded by his son Emperor Ai), apparently concerned that given Youguo's vicinity to Fengxiang that Han might collaborate with Li Maozhen again, Zhu transferred Han to Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Weifang, Shandong) and transferred the military governor of Pinglu, Wang Zhongshi (), to Youguo.During Later Liang
In 907, Zhu Quanzhong forced Emperor Aizong to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. He made <mask>an acting Situ (司徒, one of the Three Excellencies) and gave him the designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), making <mask> a chancellor, and in 908 gave <mask> the greater chancellor title of Shizhong (). It was said that by this point, Emperor Taizu was often violent and unreasonable, and very few officials dared to make suggestions to him. <mask>, however, would do so, and he appreciated <mask>'s advice. In 909, however, <mask> was removed from his chancellor post and given the honorary title of Taibao (). In 910, with Zhongwu and Kuangguo's names having been swapped in 908, <mask> was made the military governor of Kuangguo (i.e., the old Zhongwu Circuit). In 912, Emperor Taizu was assassinated by his son Zhu Yougui the Prince of Ying, who falsely claimed that the assassination was by Emperor Taizu's adoptive son Zhu Youwen the Prince of Bo and had Zhu Youwen killed.Zhu Yougui then took the throne. In the aftermath of Emperor Taizu's death, the armies throughout the Later Liang realm became disturbed, but <mask> took no precautions against any disturbances at Kuangguo. Soon thereafter, his officer Zhang Hou () started a mutiny and killed <mask>. <mask>'s son <mask>gxun (), whom Zhu Yougui had sent to Kuangguo to announce the news of Emperor Taizu's death, was also killed in the mutiny. Notes and references

 History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 15. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol.40. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268. 855 births
912 deaths
Politicians from Xuchang
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Zhenguo Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Kuangguo Circuit
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Later Liang (Five Dynasties) chancellors
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Pinglu Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Kuangguo Circuit
Tang dynasty generals from Henan
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people born during Tang
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title: Adrienne Mayor

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<mask> (born 1946) is a historian of ancient science and a classical folklorist. <mask> specializes in ancient history and the study of "folk science", or how pre-scientific cultures interpreted data about the natural world, and how these interpretations form the basis of many ancient myths, folklore and popular beliefs. Her work in pre-scientific fossil discoveries and traditional interpretations of paleontological remains has opened up a new field within the emerging discipline of geomythology and  classical folklore. <mask>'s book, Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, & the Scorpion Bombs, on the origins of biological and chemical warfare revealed the ancient roots of poison weaponry and tactics. Life
From 1980 to 1996, she worked as a copy editor, and printmaker. Since 2006, <mask> has been a research scholar in the Classics Department and the History and Philosophy of Science Program at Stanford University. <mask> has published books and articles on the history of automatons, Amazons, unconventional warfare, ancient automatons, toxic honey, tattoos in antiquity, smallpox blankets in history and legend, assassination by poisoned garments in Mughal India, fossil-related legends, fossil-related place names, and other topics in scholarly journals and popular magazines, including History Today, Journal of American Folklore, Archaeology, "Natural History," MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Gizmodo, and Foreign Affairs.Her books The First Fossil Hunters and Fossil Legends of the First Americans were both praised in Central Connecticut State anthropology department member Kenneth L. Feder's book Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries: Science and Pseudoscience in Archaeology—a book dedicated to debunking pseudoarcheological claims. Her books have been translated into French, German, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Hungarian, Polish, Turkish, Italian, Russian, and Greek and have been featured in documentaries on the History Channel, the Discovery Channel, and the BBC. She has lectured at the American Museum of Natural History, Boston Museum of Fine Art, Smithsonian, Art Institute of Chicago, Getty Museum, among other venues, and has been interviewed on NPR, BBC, and Coast to Coast AM. Her biography of Mithradates VI Eupator, The Poison King, was a nonfiction finalist for the National Book Award 2009. From 2011 to 2017, <mask> was a regular contributor to the history of science website Wonders and Marvels. From 2009 to 2015, <mask> maintained a Facebook profile under the name Mithradates Eupator, which became an active network for more than 2,500 people, including international scholars, classicists, archaeologists, linguists, ancient historians, authors, novelists, museum curators, and others who engaged in valuable research and educational conversation. This unique crowd-sourcing site was eliminated by Facebook on May 26, 2015.In 2018–19, she was a Berggruen Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, her research dedicated to the impulse to create artificial life, whether that be today's artificial intelligence or the animated statues of myth. The fruits of this research are contained in her latest book, Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology. Bibliography

The First Fossil Hunters (2000)
<mask>'s first book, The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times, investigated discoveries and interpretations of dinosaur and other large vertebrate fossils in classical antiquity, and proposed that ancient observations of the fossilized remains of mammoths, mastodons, dinosaurs, and other extinct species influenced belief in giants, heroes, the griffin and some other fabulous beings of myth and legend. This book is the basis for the popular History Channel show "Ancient Monster Hunters" and the BBC show Dinosaurs, Myths and Monsters and several museum exhibits. A National Geographic children's book by Marc Aronson, The Griffin and the Dinosaur (2014) describes <mask>'s hypothesis that ancient observations of Protoceratops dinosaur fossils influenced ancient images and tales of Griffins. Reception
In American Journal of Archaeology, Deborah Ruscillo, Washington University St. Louis, writes that this multidisciplinary book is written so that a layperson not well-versed in the topics it delves into may understand it. While Ruscillo does disagree with some of the assertions <mask> makes, she recommends the book to anthropologists and non-anthropologists alike.In Isis: A Journal of the History of Science, Liliane Bodson, University of Liege, writes that “<mask>’s thought-provoking book will mark a watershed in the approach to griffins and giants.” While she found some of <mask>'s views one-sided, she still recommended the book to “every historian of natural sciences.”

Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs (2003)
Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World , <mask>'s second book, uncovers the earliest examples of biochemical weapons in the ancient world, to demonstrate that the concept and practice of biochemical warfare occurred much earlier than was previously thought. One of the book's purposes is to dispel the idea that ancient warfare was inherently more honorable than modern warfare. She presents ancient Greek, Roman, Chinese, African, and Indian historical accounts of the practice of biochemical warfare, using animal, bacterial, poison, and chemical weaponry, including Greek fire. "An illuminating revision of early military history," this book has become a favorite of ancient war gamers and was featured in the History Channel show "Ancient Greek WMDs." Reception
Classicist Richard Stoneman praises the book, stating that it should be “widely read”, and specifically praises the wide range of sources used, especially her employment of sources from India. In Library Journal, Brian DeLuca feels that the use of modern terminology in relation to ancient methods of warfare is “anachronistic” and finds <mask>'s arguments for ancient biowarfare unconvincing. Even so, he recommends the book for “larger public libraries, specialized collections, and academic libraries.” In Naval War College Review, author and lieutenant colonel Zygmunt Dembek highly recommends the book because of its unique point of view.Fossil Legends of the First Americans (2005)
<mask>'s third book gathers Native American accounts of discoveries of dinosaur and other fossils and oral traditions about their meaning, from pre-Columbian times to the present. Much of the focus of the book is in challenging the idea put forth by paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson that precolonial indigenous peoples of the Americas did not take notice of the many fossils found on the continent. The book is organized by geographic location of fossils. It has been featured in History Channel MonsterQuest videos. Reception
According to Bryce Christianson, for the American Library Association, <mask> "illuminates the surprisingly relevant views of early peoples confronting evidence of prehistoric life" in a "pioneering work [that] replaces cultural estrangement with belated understanding." Norman MacLeod (Natural History Museum, London), writes in Paleontologia Electronica that he was “disappointed” in the book, although <mask> "has done a great service to Native Americans by collecting together many of their legends, including many that had previously  been  unrecorded." In his review for Geological Magazine, Paul D. Taylor (Natural History Museum, London) writes that the book will appeal to palaeontologists, anthropologists, and folklorists,” as well as geologists.The Poison King (2009)
In her fourth book, The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy, <mask> details the story of the life of Mithradates, leader of the ancient Black Sea kingdom of Pontus, who, in the 1st century B.C., did everything he could to overthrow the Roman Empire. The book attempts to relay events from the Pontic point of view, as opposed to the Roman point of view. The Poison King was one of five nonfiction finalists in the National Book Awards, 2009, and has been translated into Italian, German, Russian, Turkish, and Spanish. Reception
Peter Stothard, author and editor of TLS Times Literary Supplement, praises <mask>'s "fascinating" biographical account, noting that she "aims to rescue [Mithradates'] reputation from biographical accounts that have come mostly from his enemies" by "making full imaginative use both of her own broad knowledge and the often frail ancient source material." In Melbourne Historical Journal, Jeroen W.P. Wijnendaele writes that <mask> has crafted an entertaining book about Mithradates's life, but felt that the passages about the use of poison are “repetitive.” In Isis: Journal of the History of Science Society, Laurence Totelin remarks on small errors but approved of the good bibliography and deems the book a good introduction to the story of Mithradates. Author Carolyn See's review in The Washington Post, calls The Poison King a "wonderful reading experience, bracing as a tonic," providing a perspective that is "thrilling" while providing "calm and distance" on a terrifying age.The Amazons (2014)
<mask>'s fifth book, The Amazons: Lives and Legends of Warrior Women across the Ancient World, surveys ancient myths, legends, folklore, art, and archaeology related to warlike women known to the classical Greeks as Amazons. This is the first comprehensive account of warrior women in myth and history from the Mediterranean world to China. It also includes information on the linguistic origins of the word “Amazon" and details how nomadic horsewomen-archers of the steppes influenced ideas of warrior women. Reception
Jasmin W. Cyril writes in Kadin/Woman 2000 that “any reader or researcher will be well rewarded through a perusal of this monograph and will find immeasurable advantage in the notes and bibliography.” In American Journal of Philology, classicist Alison Keith criticizes <mask>'s tendency to make unsubstantiated assertions, treat folklore as fact, and neglect context for some sources; Keith feels that the book is “rich in research but weak in accepted methods of scholarship.” In New Statesman classics professor Edith Hall, Kings College London, says the book is more than "an important contribution to ancient history," opening "up new horizons in world storytelling and feminist iconography [with] rigorous scholarship and poetic charm." By "painstaking research into the literature, folklore and ancient traditions of the myriad peoples between Greece, Russia and China, especially the Kyrgyz, the Azerbaijanis and the Circassians of Caucasia, she has broken down the often impenetrable walls dividing western cultural history from its eastern equivalents." Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology (2018)
<mask>'s sixth book analyzes classical Greek myths and other ancient cultures' tales about fabricating artificial life, automatons, self-moving devices, and Artificial Intelligence. The final chapter describes real robots, animated statues, and self-propelled machines that were actually designed and constructed in the classical and Hellenistic eras.Reception
Kirkus reviews describes the book as “a collection of wondrous tales that present ancient myths as the proto-science fiction stories they are.”  Classicist Peter Thonemann calls the book "absorbing" and "accessible and engaging," but feels that the ancient quest for eternal youth should not be included as an example of "artificial life" and wishes for deeper analysis of direct lines from Aristotle to modern AI. <mask>'s book is "a thought-provoking account" of "how ancient Greek, Roman, Indian, and Chinese myths expressed hopes and fears about human-made life," according to Bruce Bower in Science News while The Economist review praises the "entertaining" examination of "ancient mythology. . . chock-full of robots, androids and mechanical creatures . . . that survive in written and visual form." Books
 The First Fossil Hunters: Paleontology in Greek and Roman Times (Princeton University Press 2000) —
 Greek Fire, Poison Arrows & Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare in the Ancient World (Overlook 2003) —
 Fossil Legends of the First Americans (Princeton University Press 2005) —
 The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy (Princeton University Press 2009)
 The Griffin and the Dinosaur: How Adrienne <mask> Discovered a Fascinating Link between Myth and Science, with Marc Aronson (National Geographic 2014)

 Gods and Robots: Myths, Machines, and Ancient Dreams of Technology (Princeton University Press 2018) --

References

1946 births
Living people
American folklorists
Women folklorists
American women historians
Stanford University faculty
20th-century American historians
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women

masks:
Adrienne Mayor
Mayor
Mayor
Mayor
Mayor
Mayor
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Mayor
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title: Klemen Prepelič

texts:
<mask> (born 20 October 1992) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for Valencia Basket of the Liga ACB. He also represents the Slovenian national basketball team internationally. Standing at , he plays at the shooting guard position. Professional career
Prepelič started playing basketball for Domžale-based club Helios Domžale (today the Helios Suns). In 30 Slovenian Basketball League games for Helios he averaged 16.7 points, 3.7 assists, and 2.9 rebounds. In the 2011–12 ABA League he played 26 games, averaging 14.2 points, 2.9 assists and 2.4 rebounds. Olimpija
On 23 August 2012, Prepelič signed a three-year contract with Slovenian club Union Olimpija.In his first period at Olimpija, he won the 2013 Slovenian Basketball Cup. During his first season at Olimpija he played 15 games and averaged 7.6 points, 2.35 assists and 2.6 rebounds in the 2012–13 Slovenian Basketball League. He played 26 games in the 2012–13 ABA League, averaging 11.4 points, 2.46	assists and 2.46 rebounds. In 10 games in the 2012–13 Euroleague, his first season in EuroLeague, he averaged 8.9 points, 2 assists and 2 rebounds for Olimpija. Prepelič was the scoring leader in Olimpija's win over Khimki in Euroleague, and scored the clutch three-pointer at the buzzer that gave Olimpija a 74–72 win. Banvit
After one season at Olimpija, Prepelič moved to Turkey, signing a three-year contract with Banvit from Bandirma on 29 July 2013. He left Banvit after one season.In his only season at Banvit he played 27 games in the 2013–14 Turkish Basketball League and averaged 5.4 points, 1.1 assists and 1.2 rebounds. In 16 games in the 2013–14 Eurocup Basketball he averaged 6.1 points and 2 rebounds. Return to Olimpija
On 1 November 2014, he returned to Union Olimpija, signing a contract for the rest of the 2014–15 season. He played 13 games in the 2014–15 Eurocup Basketball with Olimpija, averaging 7.23	points, 2.6 assists and 1.9 rebounds. In 12 games of the 2014–15 Slovenian Basketball League he averaged 14 points, 2.5 assists and 2.8 rebounds. In his last season in ABA League he averaged 11 points, 2.5 assists and 1.9 rebounds in 21 games played. Oldenburg
On 14 September 2015, Prepelič signed a short-term deal with German club EWE Baskets Oldenburg.On 21 October 2015, he re-signed with Oldenburg for the rest of the season. In his season at Oldenburg he played 15 games in the 2015–16 Eurocup Basketball, averaging 8.4	points, 2.7 assists and 2.2 rebounds. Prepelič posted a double-double of 23 points and 10 assists in a 97–86 win over Eisbären Bremerhaven in the Basketball Bundesliga, in which he played 33 games and averaged 10 points, 3 assists and 3 rebounds. In a game against Tigers Tübingen in the Basketball Bundesliga, Prepelič nailed two half-court shots in the same game. Limoges
On 28 June 2016, Prepelič signed with Limoges CSP for the 2016–17 season. In 33 games in the 2016–17 Pro A season, he averaged 16 points, 4 assists and 2.7 rebounds with the French club. Levallois
On 13 July 2017, Prepelič signed with Levallois Metropolitans for the 2017–18 season.In 9 games of the 2017–18 EuroCup Basketball, he averaged 15.7 points, 1.8 assists, and 1.9 rebounds. He posted a double-double in a 93–75 home win over Hyères-Toulon in the 2017–18 Pro A season, in which he played 31 games, averaging 15.4 points, 3 assists and 2.8 rebounds. Real Madrid
On 9 July 2018, Prepelič signed a two-year deal with Real Madrid of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague, and went on to help the team to reach the Final Four and win the Spanish league. He was one of the best players in the 2018 Supercopa de España de Baloncesto final, scoring 13 points off the bench in the final. Upon entering the game, he scored a two-pointer and two three-pointers in rapid succession, and was fundamental in Real Madrid's comeback. He played 22 games for Real Madrid in the 2018–19 ACB season, and averaged 4.2 points and 1 assist, with .730 free-throw percentage. He played 21 games in the 2018–19 EuroLeague with Real Madrid, averaging 3.8 points, 1.7 assists and 1 rebound.In addition to the 15th edition of the Supercopa de España de Baloncesto, he also won the 2018–19 ACB, Real Madrid's 35th league title. Joventut

On 6 August 2019, Prepelič was loaned to Club Joventut Badalona for the 2019–20 season. In May he had been informed by Real Madrid that Jaycee Carroll would play another season at the club, after he changed his mind about retiring, and therefore advised to "look for other options." Prepelič stated that if someone had asked him, in May, whether he would return to Real Madrid, he would've said yes, since he wanted another shot at the club. In the end, however, his move to Joventut proved very beneficial for his career. He had an extremely positive season at Joventut. Prepelič played 15 games in the 2019–20 EuroCup Basketball, averaging 17 points, 4 assists and 2.3 rebounds.In 27 games in the 2019–20 ACB season he averaged 22.5 points, 3 assists and 1.7 rebounds. Prepelič was the top-scorer of the 2019-20 ACB regular season, and the third most valued player with 19.6 credits. He was one of the top-five players of the season, and the best in his position. He was the third-best scorer in the 2019–20 EuroCup, ranking first in free throws made (5.5) and fouls drawn (7.1). Prepelič led Joventut to a win in their 2020 EuroCup debut against Brescia. He scored 5 points to bring the score from 41–41 to 46–43. Soon Prepelič converted another and-one opportunity for 8 points.Prepelič scored and assisted again, getting Joventut back on track in the 4th quarter with the first score and also scoring a big three-pointer to restore the double-digit lead. Brescia recovered again, but Prepelič closed the game with another three-pointer and two consecutive assists. With a PIR of 25, thanks to 24 points, 4 rebounds and 5 assists, he was the best performer of the game. He was again the top performer in Joventut's second win against Darüşşafaka, when he first brought the score from 9–10 to 13–10 in the 1st quarter, then stole a ball and dished out two assists to recover from a 6-point deficit in the 2nd quarter. In the last minute of the game, he draw a foul and made 3 out of 3 free throws to bring the score to 82–82, and finally won the game with a buzzer-beater from his own foul line. He recorded 30 points, 4 assists and 2 rebounds for a 35 PIR in the second leg against Darüşşafaka, eventually lost 92–86 by Joventut. He was the scoring and assists leader against his former club Olimpija, in Joventut's third win in the 2020 EuroCup.Scoring 15 points, <mask> was the scoring leader in Joventut's win over BC UNICS. He instantly put his team ahead 8–2, scoring 6 points in the first minute and a half. As his team was down 47–51 in the 3rd quarter, he scored a three-pointer and dished out an assist to put Joventut ahead 53–51. They kept ahead until the end, eventually winning 90–73. He led his squad to a 88–84 comeback win against Tofas Bursa, recording 37 points, 7 assists, 12/12 free throws, and 10 fouls drawn in that game, for a 45 PIR. He was named 2019-20 EuroCup Top 16 Round 3 MVP. At the end of the season Prepelič was included in the All-ACB First Team of the 2019–20 season.Valencia
On 4 July 2020, he signed with Valencia Basket of the Liga ACB. Prepelič had a very positive season at Valencia. In 32 games of the 2020–21 EuroLeague he averaged 12.1 points (career high in EuroLeague), 2.9 assists and 1.5 rebounds. In 40 games in the 2020–21 ACB season he averaged 11.6 points, 2.6 assists, and 1.73	rebounds. He helped Valencia to achieve 4th place in the Spanish league and to reach the playoffs semifinals. Valencia concluded the EuroLeague regular season 9th, just shy of the playoffs. In the 2020–21 EuroLeague, he scored 13 points and dished out 4 assists against Žalgiris.He entered the 3rd quarter on a score of 51–51, and draw one foul, scored a two-pointer and a three-pointer for a 51–58 lead. He scored two more three-pointers to maintain Valencia's lead, leading to an eventual 82–94 win. He was among the top performers against Milano, recording 14 points and 5 assists for a 18 PIR. In the 4th quarter he recorded two three-pointers and one assist in less than two minutes to bring the score from 66–63 to 74–65. He was then substituted to re-enter the game on a 78–78 score and close it by performing a decisive block and dishing out a decisive assist. He led Valencia past Panathinaikos, scoring 18 points and dishing out 7 assists for a PIR of 26. He was the top performer of the game.Within the first 5 minutes of the first quarter he recorded one assist and a two-pointer, attempted two times from behind the 3-point line and scored both times, pulling his team ahead three times, the last time 12–10. He entered the 2nd quarter and put his team ahead twice, first with an assist (35–34), and then making 2/2 free throws before shooting a three-pointer on the buzzer, bringing the score from 40–41 to 45–41. In the 3rd quarter Valencia was down by two points (47–49) and Prepelič scored his fourth three-pointer out of four attempts, to pull ahead 50–49. He then secured a 3-point lead of 55–52 by scoring a two-pointer. Valencia kept ahead in the 4th quarter, with Prepelič dishing out four assists therein. They eventually won 95–83. He was Valencia's top performer against Maccabi Tel Aviv, with 22 pts, 3 astst and 2 rbs for a 24 PIR.In the 1st quarter he got Valencia ahead 14–7 with one assist, one two-pointer and two three-pointers out of two attempted. In the 2nd quarter he assisted Mike Tobey and scored two two-pointers to pull ahead 32–30. As they were down by three points in the 3rd quarter (47–50) he scored two three-pointers to tie at 50 and then get to 53–54. In the last minute, he, Van Rossom and Williams, scored 7 points for a 82–80 win. He scored 13 points against Fenerbahçe, including three consecutive go-ahead three-pointers, all in the decisive 4th quarter, with the score changing from 66–62 to 79–82, leading to an eventual 86–90 win. He stepped up and scored the clutch two-pointer at the buzzer that gave Valencia a 76–74 victory over eventual EuroLeague champion Anadolu Efes S.K. : a game-winning jumper with dribbling, in front of Doğuş Balbay (one of the best on-the-ball defenders in the EuroLeague).He was Valencia's top performer against CSKA Moscow, approaching triple-double with 22 points, 7 rebounds and 6 assists. With 24 points, 7 assists, 2 rebounds, and a 29 PIR, he was the top performer against Alba Berlin, which Valencia had to chase throughout the game up to the last minute for an eventual 86–90 win. He recorded 14 points and 2 assists against Baskonia. In the 3rd quarter he scored 6 points and dished out 2 assists, with the score changing from 47–56 to 60–59, and in the 4th quarter added 4 points and 1 assist. Valencia eventually won 86–81. International career

<mask> took part in the 2012 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship with Slovenia. He posted a double-double of 20 points and 11 assists against eventual champion Lithuania in the first round, 29 points and 4 assists against Turkey in the second round, and 17 points against France in the quarterfinals.He was included in the All-Tournament Team. <mask> debuted for the Slovenian national basketball team at the 2014 World Cup. He also represented Slovenia at the EuroBasket 2015 where they were eliminated by Latvia in eighth finals. He was among the protagonists of Slovenia's conquer of the gold at EuroBasket 2017, in which he had a key role, averaging 13.8 points and 2.3 assists, the best after Luka Dončić (14.3 and 3.6) and Goran Dragić (22.6 and 5.1). He scored 21 points in the final, also completing 3 assists and 4 rebounds. Prepelič pulled Slovenia ahead 80–78 with a go-ahead three-pointer in the 4th quarter, and then nailed the definitive go-ahead two-pointer, bringing the score to 84–82, with 2:20 to go. He then increased the lead with two free-throws, bringing the score to 88–82.Slovenia eventually defeated Serbia 93–85. 2020 Summer Olympics

<mask> scored 31 points and grabbed 2 rebounds in a preparatory friendly against Croatia. He made 6 three pointers out of 8 attempted, including a buzzer-beater from half-court. He and Dončić led Slovenia to a 112–72 victory over Poland in the Men's Olympic Qualifying Tournaments in Kaunas, scoring 18 and 17 points respectively. He was the co-protagonist of Slovenia's win over Argentina with 22 points, 4 rebounds, 2 assists, 23 efficiency (the best after Dončić) and a field goal percentage of 75%. He was also among the top performers of the day. He stood out in the match against Japan for his leadership, 12 points, 5 assists, and 4 rebounds, and was the second assists leader.<mask> was the hero of the match against Spain, won 87–95 by Slovenia. Dončić suffered a box-and-one defense, and <mask>, who entered the match late in the first quarter, also received box-and-one defense from Sergio Llull. He eventually scored 15 points, 3 assists, 2 rebounds, also stealing 2 balls. He made 9 out of 10 free throws. He was Slovenia's third-scoring leader, and the most decisive player in the last part of the game. Prepelič scored the vital three-pointer that put his team ahead 86–85 at 2'30 from the end. Then, a minute and a half before the end he intercepted a ball before sending Tobey an alley-hoop which he dunked to close the game.With 13 seconds left to play he gave Slovenia a 3-point advantage by scoring two free throws. He, Tobey and Dragić were especially praised for their performances against Germany in the quarterfinal. He scored 9  points, all in the decisive fourth-period run, when Slovenia placed a final boost. <mask> and Dončić gave the final blow to Germany, putting an advantage of 19 points. He scored one three-pointer, then attempted two more times from behind the line and scored both times. Slovenia lost a dramatic semifinal to France by one point. The game seemed over for Slovenia, with France ahead  90–85 and less than a minute left to play.However, Slovenia "battled back behind Prepelic," who in a few seconds managed to score four points, bringing Slovenia just one point of France, 90–89: Dončić entrusted the ball to <mask> at 35 seconds from the end, and he sunk a clutch three-pointer. After De Colo missed a layup,
 Dončić again renounced to shoot, and turned the clutch shoot over to <mask>, who attempted a layup but was blocked by Nicolas Batum. After the game, Rudy Gobert stated that Batum's save was "one of the best blocks he had ever seen." Against France, <mask> was one of Slovenia's best with Tobey and Dončić. He scored 18 points and 2 assists against Australia, in the bronze medal game, and approached double-double with 7 rebounds. He was Slovenia's top performer in that game. After entering the game towards the end of the first quarter, Prepelič turned it around for Slovenia with a go-ahead three-pointer.In the 3rd quarter he brought Slovenia within 60–66 with 3:30 left in the period, converting a four-point play. <mask> scored 4 more points, and with a layup brought the score to 75–81 just before Australia's time-out, provoking an ovation from the Slovenian bench. He then scored another three-pointer; Slovenia managed to reach 80–83, but eventually lost 93–107. With 15 points per game he was the 12th scoring leader of the men's basketball tournament heading into the finals, eventually raising it to 15.5 pts after playing Australia. He also averaged 3.33 rebounds, and with 2.7 assists was Slovenia's second assists leader. <mask> and Tobey were credited as Slovenia's best players at the Tokyo Olympics after Dončić. He was also ranked among the players who "should be on NBA radars" by the end of the tournament.players
EWE Baskets Oldenburg players
FIBA EuroBasket-winning players
Joventut Badalona players
KK Olimpija players
Liga ACB players
Limoges CSP players
Olympic basketball players of Slovenia
Real Madrid Baloncesto players
Shooting guards
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in France
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Germany
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Slovenian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Slovenian men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Maribor
Valencia Basket players

masks:
Klemen Prepelič
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title: Jedediah Hotchkiss

texts:
<mask> (November 30, 1828 – January 17, 1899), known most frequently as Jed, was a teacher and the most famous cartographer and topographer of the American Civil War. His detailed and accurate maps of the Shenandoah Valley are credited by many as a principal factor in Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's victories in the Valley Campaign of 1862. Early life
<mask> was born in Windsor, New York. He graduated from the Windsor Academy and, by the age of 18, he was teaching school himself in Lykens Valley, Pennsylvania. The following year he relocated to the Shenandoah Valley and opened the Mossy Creek Academy in Augusta County. He supplemented his income as a schoolteacher by working as a mining geologist. As he explored the beautiful area around his new home he began his hobby (and minor business) of mapmaking that would dominate the rest of his life.In 1853 he married a woman from Pennsylvania named Sara Ann Comfort and together they had two daughters. In 1855 <mask> and his brother Nelson founded the Loch Willow Academy school for boys in Churchville, Virginia. His birthplace, known as the Jedediah Hotchkiss House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. Civil War
Near the end of June 1861, Hotchkiss signed on as a Confederate teamster to take supplies to the Churchville Cavalry at Rich Mountain, West Virginia. Hotchkiss offered his services as a mapmaker to Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett, whose Confederate brigade was operating in western Virginia. Hotchkiss was at the Battle of Rich Mountain and created maps for General Robert E. Lee's planned campaign in the mountains.He took a brief medical leave after being stricken with typhoid fever but returned to duty in March 1862 as chief topographical engineer of the Valley District, reporting to Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson. Following initial defeat at the First Battle of Kernstown during his 1862 Valley Campaign, on March 26, 1862, Jackson summoned Hotchkiss to his headquarters at Narrow Passage near Woodstock and directed him to "make me a map of the Valley, from Harper's Ferry to Lexington, showing all the points of offence and defence [sic] in those places." <mask>' immediate recommendation was that Jackson's line on Stony Creek at Woodstock was indefensible and that Jackson should withdraw to Rude's Hill, a defensible small promontory south of Mt. Jackson. It was at Rude's Hill that Jackson reorganized his command for the rest of his successful 1862 campaign on the Shenandoah Valley. The Shenandoah Valley had never been mapped in detail before. Running 150 miles in length and 25 miles wide, it was a daunting task, but Hotchkiss accepted the assignment and worked on the map for the remainder of the war.In order to accommodate his large scale of 1:80,000, he glued together three portions of tracing linen to form a large single map of 7 feet by 3 feet. Captain Hotchkiss served under Jackson for the rest of the general's life. Producing large volumes of accurate, detailed and even beautiful maps, he also aided the general by personally directing troop movements across the terrain with which he had become so familiar. Jackson's reputation for lightning movements and surprise attacks, befuddling his enemies, owes much to Hotchkiss's cartography. Together, they served in the Valley Campaign, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including the Battle of Cedar Mountain, the Second Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Chantilly), the Maryland Campaign (including Harpers Ferry and Antietam), and the Battle of Fredericksburg. At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Jackson asked Hotchkiss for eight maps of the area west of Fredericksburg and, along with local residents, discovered the route that Jackson's corps took in the famous flanking march against the Union Army. That night, Jackson was mortally wounded and died less than two weeks later.After Jackson's death, Hotchkiss continued to be assigned to the staff of the corps commanders who succeeded him (Generals Richard S. Ewell and Jubal A. Early), but he was frequently called upon to work directly for General Robert E. Lee at the headquarters of the Army of Northern Virginia. Balancing these dual responsibilities, he served through the Gettysburg Campaign, the Mine Run Campaign and the Overland Campaign. In June 1864, he accompanied Early on his raid through the Shenandoah Valley toward Washington, D.C., and one of his maps contributed to Early's successful surprise attack against General Philip Sheridan at the Battle of Cedar Creek (although the map was not able to prevent Early's decisive defeat by the end of the battle). He then returned to the Siege of Petersburg with the remnants of Early's defeated army for the remainder of the war. After General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, Hotchkiss surrendered to the Union Army. General Ulysses S. Grant had Hotchkiss released from custody and returned his maps to him.Grant paid Hotchkiss for permission to use some of his maps in his reports and almost all of the Confederate maps in the Official Records produced by the U.S. War Department were those drawn by him. Postbellum career
As a civilian again, Hotchkiss returned to Staunton, Virginia, reopened his school, and was involved in economic activities designed to promote the recovery of the war-ravaged Shenandoah Valley and in veterans' affairs. After teaching school, he opened an office as a civil and mining consulting engineer and, being so familiar with the geography of the state, was able to steer lucrative foreign and Northern investments to the most appropriate places. In October 1865, a Federal detective confronted Hotchkiss with a military order to confiscate his map collection. Hotchkiss refused to obey the order, and instead took some maps to Richmond for examination by army engineers. Despite Federal pressure, he was able to retain ownership of all his maps, while preparing maps of Virginia counties for the United States Army. Hotchkiss collaborated in the writing of the 12-volume Confederate Military History, writing the 1,295-page Virginia volume himself.His journals were edited in 1973 by Archie P. MacDonald and published under the title Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Cartographer. <mask>'s sketchbooks, diaries and maps are available at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1881. Hotchkiss died at his home in Staunton at age 71. He is buried there in Thornrose Cemetery. The small town of Hotchkiss, West Virginia, in Raleigh County was named for him. The magnificent Queen Anne- and Eastlake-style mansion that Hotchkiss built in 1888 at 437 East Beverley Street in Staunton still stands.It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Virginia Landmark Register as The Oaks. It is in private ownership after a sale in February 2019 by the family that purchased it from the Hotchkiss heirs in 1948. The Hotchkiss map collection
The Hotchkiss collection contains over 600 maps primarily relating to the Virginias between 1861 and 1865. Some of the maps are from his post-war work, some are of individual estates and some are source maps made by others. The map collection was retained by his family following his death and the refusal of the Federal confiscation order. C. Vernon Eddy, librarian of the Handley Regional Library in Winchester, Virginia, made arrangements for the listing and safe-keeping of the maps in specially made aluminum tubes, before they were finally given to the Library of Congress in 1948, which then published the maps in 1951. Three of the original maps were donated by the Hotchkiss family to the Handley Library: a Route Map of Gettysburg Campaign, a Sketch of the Battle of Winchester [First] and a Sketch of the Second Battle of Winchester.The <mask> <mask> Papers are available in the Stewart Bell Jr. Archives Room through the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society at Handley Regional Library in Winchester, Virginia. Notes

References
 Hearn, Chester G., and Mike Marino. Civil War Battles: The Maps of Jedediah <mask>. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2008. .
 McElfresh, Earl B. Maps and Mapmakers of the Civil War. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999. .
 Robertson, James I., Jr. Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend. New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1997. .Biography by the Civil War Trust
New York Civil War biography

Further reading
 Cozzens, Peter. Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. .
 <mask>, Jedediah. Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Topographer. Edited by Archie P. MacDonald. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1988. . External links

Jedediah Hotchkiss Collection at the U.S. Library of Congress

"Jedediah Hotchkiss" in Encyclopedia Virginia

1828 births
1899 deaths
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
Confederate States Army officers
Northern-born Confederates
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
American cartographers
People from Broome County, New York
People from Staunton, Virginia
People from Churchville, Virginia

masks:
Jedediah Hotchkiss
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title: Maria Fein

texts:
<mask> (7 April 1892 – 5 September 1965) was an Austrian actress who became a star of German theatre and film before the rise of the Nazis forced her departure. During her time in Germany she was largely associated with the theatrical producer/director Max Reinhardt and acted in plays by such writers as Christian Friedrich Hebbel, Friedrich Schiller, William Shakespeare, Aeschylus, and Ferdinand Bruckner. Between 1916 and 1932 Fein appeared in at least twenty-three German films working with pioneer movie directors Robert Wiene, Uwe Jens Krafft, Hanna Henning, Rochus Gliese, Walter Schmidthässler, Frederic Zelnik, Albert Lastmann, Paul Leni, <mask>, Michael Curtiz, Rudolf Meinert, and Fritz Friedmann-Frederich. Following the Nazi annexation of Austria in 1938, Fein fled to the Netherlands and in 1941 found refuge for the duration of the war in Switzerland. Fein remained active on stage over the balance of her life in her adopted Switzerland and abroad until shortly before her death. Early life and family
Fein was born in Vienna to a Jewish family that reportedly at some point converted to Catholicism. She was the daughter of Fanny Süssermann and <mask>, editor of the Neue Freie Presse, and the older sister of <mask>, an author and translator of American novels.<mask> married the German actor Theodor Becker with whom she had two daughters, Thea and actress <mask> (1920-2012). <mask>’s marriage to Becker ended in divorce in the mid-1930s after a long separation. Fein studied at the Academy for Music and Performing Arts in Vienna from 1909 to 1911 and made her professional debut at the National Theatre Mannheim, where she rose to play the title role in Hebbel's tragedy, Judith. Stage career
Over the next several seasons Fein appeared at the Royal Theater, Dresden, the Royal Theatre, Berlin  and the Deutsches Theater, Berlin. Under the direction of Max Reinhardt, in October 1915 she played  the title role in the Deutsches' production of Schiller's <mask> Stuart. She continued  in Berlin under Reinhardt’s directing in such parts as Ariel  in Shakespeare's The Tempest at the Volksbühne, Elektra in Aeschylus' The Oresteia, Regan in Shakespeare's King Lear, both staged at the Großes Schauspielhaus, and in 1919 returned to the Deutsches playing Rebekka in Jaákobs Traum by Richard Beer-Hofmann. Fein joined the Vereinigte Bühnen, Breslau for the 1921–1922 season and, between 1924 and 1926, performed at the Theater in der Josefstadt, Vienna, where in 1924 she played Lady Milford in Schiller's Kabale und Liebe.At the Deutsches she was Kudelka in the world premiere of Bruckner's Die Straf, staged by Heinz Hilpert. After her expulsion from the Ministry of Arts in 1935, Fein left for Vienna, where she performed at various theatres including the Burgtheater and Urania. At the latter venue appeared as Jocasta in Jean Cocteau's The Infernal Machine. Film

Fein’s film work in Berlin overwhelmingly occurred between 1916 and 1919; she appeared in just a handful of films after 1920. She began with the brothers Robert and Conrad Wiene in Der Mann im Spiegel and Das Leben ein Traum and went on to appear in mostly melodramas and the occasional comedy over the following several years. Her final film and only talkie was Frederica, a 1932 adaptation of the book by  and Fritz Löhner-Beda. Later career
After Nazi annexation of Austria, Fein appeared on stage in the Netherlands, France and Switzerland.Under the direction of Leopold Lindtberg, Fein appeared at the Schauspielhaus Zürich as Anisja in Leon Tolstoy's The Power of Darkness. Fein later returned to France, where she was detained until <mask>, by then a resident of Zurich, was able to secure her safe passage to Switzerland. Over the remainder of the war years Fein was active in Zurich giving evening recitations. In 1945 Fein rejoined the ensemble of actors at the Schauspielhaus playing such characters roles as Ranjewskaja in Anton Chekhov's The Cherry Orchard, Sichle in the German language premiere of Paul Claudel's The Humiliation of the Father, a mother in Oscar Wilde's A Woman of No Importance, and the title role in Franz Grillparzer's Medea. In 1948 Fein toured Switzerland with Heinz Woester in their adaptation of Somerset Maugham's Theatre, and the following year played Clytemnestra to the title role of <mask> in Jean Giraudoux's Électre. In a subsequent Swiss tour Fein played the title role in George Bernard Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession and at the Lucerne Festival revived her role as Jocasta in The Infernal Machine. In 1951 Fein returned to Berlin to perform for the first time since the Nazi era.At the Schloss Charlottenburg she played Weisheit in Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Das Salzburger große Welttheater. During the early 1950s Fein toured England, France and Switzerland giving recitations and lectures and later appeared on BBC Radio in performances that included a 1956 radio play presenting an English-language adaptation of Bertolt Brecht's anti-war play, Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder. In America Fein played Caroline of Brunswick to the Prince Regent of Walter Slezak in Norman Ginsbury’s The First Gentleman, but had left over creative differences by the time the show made its Broadway debut on 25 April 1957. The following year she was engaged to play Miriam in Christopher Fry's The First Born, but was replaced by Mildred Natwick a month before its 30 April debut on Broadway. Fein remained in the United States for several years giving one-woman shows called An Evening of European Theatre in which she performed scenes taken from plays by noted European playwrights. Final years
By 1961 Fein had returned to Switzerland, where at Basel she played the title role in Shaw's Mrs. Warren's Profession. In 1964 Fein told of her experiences in Berlin theaters prior to 1933 in a twelve episode documentary presented by the German network Norddeutscher Rundfunk.<mask> died at the home of <mask> in Zurich in 1965 at the age of 73. Selected filmography
 The Man in the Mirror (1917)
 Life Is a Dream (1917)
 <mask>a (1919)
 The Conspiracy in Genoa (1921)
 The Little Duke (1924)
 Das Spielzeug von Paris (1925)
 The Convicted (1927)
 Frederica (1932)

Resources

External links
<mask>, New York Public Library Digital Collection

1892 births
1965 deaths
Austrian stage actresses
Austrian film actresses
Austrian silent film actresses
Actresses from Vienna
20th-century Austrian actresses
Austrian people of Jewish descent
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism

masks:
Maria Arloisia Fein
Rudolf Walther Fein
Otto Fein
Franz Fein
Maria Fein
Maria Becker
Fein
Maria
Maria Becker
Maria Becker
Fein
Maria Becker
Maria Pavlown
Maria Fein