title: Bubby Brister

texts:
Walter Andrew "<mask><mask>, III (born August 15, 1962) is a former American football quarterback in the NFL for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, Denver Broncos, and Minnesota Vikings. He played quarterback at Tulane and Northeast Louisiana and was taken in the third round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the Steelers. Brister played his high school football in Monroe, Louisiana, and originally enrolled at Tulane. He transferred to Northeast Louisiana (now Louisiana-Monroe) in 1982. Brister was originally drafted to play baseball in the fourth round out of high school by the Detroit Tigers. He played one season for the minor league Bristol Tigers before attending college for football. College career
Brister began 1983 as Tulane's starting quarterback, before being replaced by Jon English.He then transferred to Northeast Louisiana. Professional career

Pittsburgh career
When <mask> was selected, comparisons were almost immediately made between him and Steelers great Terry Bradshaw, who is also from Louisiana. Over the years, Pittsburgh sports writers and Steelers fans frequently made jokes about Brister's thick Southern accent and perceived lack of sophistication, traits that were similarly mocked in Bradshaw. In a similar vein, his name was often misspoken. In a 1999 Sports Illustrated article, Brister cited "Bubba Brewster" and "Bobby Blister" as common manglings. Brister spent two years as the backup to Bradshaw's immediate successor, Mark Malone, starting two games as a rookie in 1986 and appearing briefly in relief in two games in 1987. In his NFL debut in October 1986, Pittsburgh played on Monday Night Football against rivals the Cincinnati Bengals.Although the Steelers lost 24–22, Brister passed for 191 yards and scored a rushing touchdown. He won a three-way competition for the Steelers' starting quarterback job with Todd Blackledge and Steve Bono. Career highlights during his 1988–1991 run as Pittsburgh's starting quarterback included ranking 4th in the NFL in average yards per pass completion in 1988 and 10th in the league in passer rating in 1990. Brister had five scoring passes that were 65 yards or longer in 1988, including an 89-yard touchdown to Louis Lipps vs the Philadelphia Eagles on November 13 that was the longest pass completion by a Steeler in Three Rivers Stadium history. In 1989, he set a team record with 15 consecutive pass completions in a road win over Detroit, including a 48 yarder to Lipps. Brister also set a team record in 1989 throwing 178 consecutive passes without an interception. It was 1990 that Brister established career highs for starts (16), yards passing (2,725) and touchdown passes (20).Brister missed 8 games with injuries in 1991, setting up a competition with back up Neil O'Donnell for the starting job. Pittsburgh went 5-3 when Brister played, only 2-6 with O'Donnell as a starter. Brister was the starting quarterback during Hall Of Fame Coach Chuck Noll's final post season run with the Steelers, winning the 1989 AFC Wild Card in overtime on the road against the Houston Oilers, then losing a close game to eventual AFC champion Denver Broncos. Brister led an 82-yard drive at the end of the 4th quarter to tie the Houston game and force overtime. Against Denver, he passed for 229 yards and 1 touchdown, with no turnovers. One of Brister's famous quotes came after a 1991 game between the Houston Oilers and Pittsburgh Steelers. Pittsburgh was getting blown out, and coach Chuck Noll wanted to pull starter Neil O'Donnell and replace him with Brister to finish the hopeless game.Brister replied "I don't mop up for anybody." O'Donnell was starting in place of an injured Brister. Even though Brister was not forced to enter that late-season loss against Houston, he did  supplant the struggling O'Donnell the next week, starting the team's final two games, both wins over Cincinnati and Cleveland. Brister played for the Steelers for 7 years, several of them as the regular starter at quarterback. In 1992, new Steelers head coach Bill Cowher chose backup quarterback O'Donnell over Brister, effectively ending his career as a starting player for the Steelers. Still, Brister played a significant role in the team's 1992 success. Brister won two games as a starter for an injured O'Donnell against the Indianapolis Colts and Cleveland Browns.In the Cleveland game, the Steelers needed to win to clinch home field advantage throughout the AFC Playoffs and Brister passed for 223 yards, 1 touchdown, and no interceptions, and had a string of 11 consecutive pass completions in one stretch. In two other games Brister came off the bench, relieving a struggling O'Donnell when he was hurt and led fourth-quarter comebacks over the Seattle Seahawks and Detroit Lions. Later career
After brief stops as a backup quarterback for the Eagles and New York Jets, Brister sat out the 1996 season. In his first season in Philadelphia in 1993, Brister ranked 7th in the league in passer rating and 4th in lowest interception percentage, starting 8 games with two relief appearances subbing for an injured Randall Cunningham. Highlights that season included his 27 completion, 245 yard, two touchdown performance vs. the Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys on Monday Night Football, and his 353-yard, three-touchdown performance in the final game of the regular season, again on Monday Night Football, leading the Eagles to a win over NFC West champion San Francisco. Brister's interception percentage that year was the lowest in Eagles team history for more than a decade until eclipsed by Donovan McNabb. His former teammate in Philadelphia, linebacker Bill Romanowski, had signed with the Denver Broncos and, in 1997, suggested to Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan that he take a look at Brister.Brister signed with Denver and became their number 3 quarterback for the 1997 season, backing up Hall of Fame quarterback John Elway and Jeff Lewis. Brister's only significant playing time in the 1997 season came in a week 17 game against the San Diego Chargers. Before the 1998 season, Lewis had fallen out of favor with the Broncos; thus, Brister became the primary backup quarterback. During the 1998 season, Elway was forced to sit out a number of games due to injury and Brister started those games in his place. He played well and the Broncos went undefeated in all of his starts (4-0); Brister also broke the team's (then) record for longest rushing touchdown by a quarterback and recorded a higher passer rating than Elway. However, when Elway retired in 1999, Brister was passed over for the starting spot in favor of Brian Griese, and the Broncos released him after that season. During his three seasons with the Broncos, he won two Super Bowl rings.Brister spent 2000 with the Vikings. He signed with the Kansas City Chiefs in 2001 but was cut before the season began. He then retired from football. He finished his career with a passing record of 1,207 completions in 2,212 attempts for 14,445 passing yards and 81 touchdowns. Brister played in three conference championship games and two Super Bowls. After retiring
After retiring from football, Brister spent a short time as a television sports analyst for Fox Sports Rocky Mountain in Denver. In 2003, Brister became the co-host of a hunting and fishing oriented show called Louisiana Outdoor Adventures on The Outdoor Channel.In 2005, he joined the staff of Hunter's Specialties, a producer of hunting and fishing adventure videos. He lives in Mandeville, Louisiana, with his wife and two children. References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Cajun sportspeople
American football quarterbacks
Players of American football from Louisiana
Sportspeople from Monroe, Louisiana
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Philadelphia Eagles players
New York Jets players
Denver Broncos players
Minnesota Vikings players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Tulane Green Wave football players
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football players
Bristol Tigers players
People from Mandeville, Louisiana

masks:
Bubby
" Brister
Brister


title: Charlotte Whitehead

type: original

texts:
Dr. <mask> (Ross) (15 July 1843 – 21 February 1916) was a physician important to Canadian history and Manitoban history for her role as a pioneer for women in medicine, particularly in Manitoba. Despite never being licensed by either the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec or Manitoba, she was nonetheless able to practice medicine in Montreal and Whitemouth for several decades, and served the community in and around Whitemouth to a great degree during the early years of its development. Early life and family
Born in Darlington, England on 15 July 1843 to her parents <mask> and Isabella Gibbons, <mask> emigrated to Canada in 1848, settling in Huron County, Upper Canada. When <mask> was seven years old, both her mother Isabella and her younger brother died within three weeks of each other due to diphtheria. <mask> attended public school in Clinton, Ontario, and went to finishing school at the Academy of the Soeurs du Sacre-Coeur at Sault-au-Recollet in northern Montreal. During her schooling in Montreal she won a prize in French, which she had studied intensively, and practiced singing under the tutelage of the father of Madame Albani. At about the time that she was finishing her schooling, her father had begun work with the Canadian Pacific Railway, and had become associated with David Ross, a Scottish immigrant and co-worker of Mr. <mask>'s.At the age of eighteen, <mask> married Ross, and would bear three children, Isabel, Minnie and Kate, before beginning her medical education. Medical studies and early career
After marrying Ross, <mask> would take responsibility for caring for her chronically ill sister Mary Anne, an experience that apparently stimulated her interest in medicine. She was encouraged to study medicine by the family physician Dr. William Hales Hington, whom she borrowed several medical books from, despite the disapproval of her father. With the understanding that her husband's work on the railway out west would mean that her family would have little access to medical care, she decided to enrol at the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870, as no Canadian medical college was open to women at that time. Women's Medical College of Philadelphia
<mask> studied for five years at the medical college, graduating in 1875. Initially, she decided to leave her children in Montreal to be raised by her husband's family, but decided to bring her two younger daughters to Philadelphia with her in 1871. She was prevented from attending the college in the season between 1872 and 1873 due to a difficult pregnancy, from which she gave birth to her fourth daughter Edith.She finished her education with a thesis on the topic of abortion and women's health, and three months after her graduation she gave birth to her first son, Hales. Montreal
<mask> initially decided not to join her husband out west, and stayed in Montreal, instead running a medical practice to treat women and children, becoming the first female doctor to practice within that city. She did not obtain a medical license in Montreal despite applying for one, but was able to practice under the patronage of Dr. Hingston. While she was successful in her work, she was not welcomed by everyone, and on one occasion returned to her buggy after visiting a patient to find bones scattered across the seat. By 1880, her husband and father had been relieved of their jobs with the Canadian Pacific Railway after encountering difficulties with construction around Cross Lake, and <mask>'s father enabled Ross to take over a lumber mill in the area. Ross moved the lumber mill to the Whitemouth River to the location that is now Whitemouth, Manitoba, before sending for his wife and children in 1881. Whitemouth Medical Practice
<mask> came to Whitemouth in the summer of 1881 with her five children, and treated her first patient the night after she arrived.<mask>'s early patients were mostly men, unusual for a female doctor at the time, which was mainly due to the logging industry around Whitemouth and the results of logging accidents that would occur. Many of these initial procedures involved <mask> using her surgeon's skills, amputating legs, stitching wounds and setting broken bones due to the many lumber or axe related injuries to the legs or feet. On one occasion, Ross allegedly treated a man who had received an axe wound to the neck during a disagreement, using an ordinary sewing needle and silk to patch the wound. Profession in Whitemouth
Eventually, loggers would clear the area and settlers would begin to move in, at which point <mask>'s practice began to evolve and incorporate more families As the only doctor within a 100-mile radius, <mask> was responsible for a great many people, and would often go above and beyond the call of duty in treating her patients. To get to them, <mask> would often have to travel great distances without roads, using canoes, ox-teams, horses or sleighs to reach her destinations. Once at her patients homes, she would often not only treat their injury, but also remain at the household for hours in order to clean it and prepare food for the family. Medical License and Registration
In 1887, despite having practiced medicine for years without a license, <mask> applied to the Manitoba Legislature for registration as a physician, and upon her refusal she instructed a Winnipeg legal firm to file an application for a private act that would authorize her to practice medicine.The license itself was somewhat contentious, as there had been a recent border dispute between Manitoba and Ontario, with Whitemouth being near the border. The act was brought forward in the Legislative Assembly by way of a Private Members Bill in 1888, and was opposed by William Fisher Luxton, arguing on the grounds that women doctors should only treat women and children, that <mask> ought to be grouped with midwives in terms of her profession and that the matter ought to ultimately be decided by the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The bill was withdrawn before second reading, but <mask> continued to practice medicine in Whitemouth for decades despite it. Personal life
<mask> was an important member of the Whitemouth community, and as a devout Presbyterian she ran the Sunday school that her husband had constructed. She welcomed preachers of all major denominations, including Roman Catholic missionary Albert Lacombe, whom she treated for pleurisy in the early 1880s. In addition to her work at the Sunday school, <mask> enjoyed baking, embroidery, knitting and music, especially the piano, and was responsible for cultivating roses which was thought to be an impossible feat in the climate of that part of Manitoba. In 1912, her husband David, who had been suffering from rheumatism, died, and <mask> moved to Winnipeg.She lived there for four years, dying on February 21, 1916 at the age of 74. She was buried by the Knox Presbyterian church, and floral tributes came across Canada in acknowledgement of her career. Legacy
In November 1993 <mask> Ross was granted a license to practice posthumously when Liberal MLA Sharon Carstairs introduced a resolution to that effect in the Manitoba Legislature. <mask>'s granddaughter Edith Ross would present the Dr. <mask> Gold Medal in Obstetrics, awarded to the student with the highest honours in obstetrics in the Manitoba Medical College. The award would originally be granted by the University of Manitoba Medical Faculty Women's Club, but is now being awarded by <mask>'s descendants. A monument has been erected on the grounds of the Whitemouth Municipal Museum in honour of <mask>. The monument has been declared a Historic Site of Manitoba.References

Canadian obstetricians
1843 births
1916 deaths
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni
Physicians from Manitoba
British emigrants to Canada

masks:
Charlotte Whitehead
Joseph Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte Ross
Charlotte
Charlotte


title: Ray Anderson (entrepreneur)

texts:
<mask><mask> (July 28, 1934 – August 8, 2011) was founder and chairman of Interface Inc., one of the world's largest manufacturers of modular carpet for commercial and residential applications and a leading producer of commercial broadloom and commercial fabrics. He was known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability. <mask> died on August 8, 2011, twenty months after being diagnosed with cancer. On July 28, 2012, <mask>'s family re-launched the Ray C. Anderson Foundation. with a new purpose. Originally created to fund <mask>'s personal philanthropic giving, family members announced the rebirth and refocus of the Foundation on <mask>'s birthday, nearly one year after his 2011 death. The purpose of the Ray C. Anderson Foundation is to perpetuate shared values and continue the legacy that <mask> left behind.The Ray C. Anderson Foundation is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization whose mission is to promote and advance the concepts of sustainable production and consumption. Life and career

<mask> was an honors graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the school of industrial and systems engineering in 1956. He learned the carpet trade through more than 14 years at Deering, Milliken & Company and Callaway Mills. <mask> founded Interface in 1973 to produce the first free-lay carpet tiles in America. Interface is one of the world's largest producers of modular commercial floorcoverings, with sales in 110 countries and manufacturing facilities on four continents. Environmental focus
<mask> first turned his focus toward the environment in 1994 when he read The Ecology of Commerce by Paul Hawken, and also Ishmael by Daniel Quinn, seeking inspiration for a speech to an internal task force on the company's environmental vision. Hawken argues that the industrial system is destroying the planet and only industry leaders are powerful enough to stop it.In 2009, <mask> estimated that Interface was more than halfway towards the vision of “Mission Zero,” the company's promise to eliminate any negative impact it may have on the environment by the year 2020 through the redesign of processes and products, the pioneering of new technologies, and efforts to reduce or eliminate waste and harmful emissions while increasing the use of renewable materials and sources of energy. <mask> chronicled the Mission Zero journey in two books, Mid-Course Correction:  Toward a Sustainable Enterprise:  The Interface Model (1998) and Confessions of a Radical Industrialist: Profits, People, Purpose: Doing Business by Respecting the Earth (2009). The latter was released in paperback as Business Lessons from a Radical Industrialist in 2011. Recognition and awards
<mask> was featured several documentaries and films, such as The Corporation, (2004 Canadian documentary); The 11th Hour (2007 Leonardo DiCaprio film); I Am (2011 Tom Shadyac documentary); Big Ideas for a Small Planet (Sundance Channel series); and others. The Interface story is the focus of the documentary film “So Right, So Smart” (2009). <mask> served a stint as co-chair of the President's Council on Sustainable Development during President Clinton's administration, which led to him co-chairing the Presidential Climate Action Plan in 2008, a team that presented the Obama Administration with a 100-day action plan on climate. Together, he and Interface funded the creation of the Anderson-Interface Chair in Natural Systems at Georgia Tech, where Associate Professor Valerie Thomas conducts research in sustainability.<mask> received a host of accolades throughout his life, including:

 In 2007, he was named one of Time’s Heroes of the Environment. Inaugural Millennium Award from Global Green, presented by Mikhail Gorbachev (1996)
 Recognized by Forbes magazine and Ernst & Young, which named him Entrepreneur of the Year in 1996. The American Society of Interior Designers Design for Humanity Award (2010)
 Lifetime Achievement Award from GreenLaw (2010)
 The inaugural Global Sustainability Prize from the University of Kentucky Tracy Farmer Institute for Sustainability and the Environment (2010)
 River Guardian Award from the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper (2010)
 Sustainability Award from the Women's Network for a Sustainable Future (WNSF), the first time the WNSF has honored a businessman (2010)
 Pillars of EARTH Sustainable Leadership Awards given by EARTH University in Costa Rica (2010)
 Purpose Prize from Encore.org (2007)
 Auburn University’s International Quality of Life Award (2007)
 George and Cynthia Mitchell International Prize for Sustainable Development (2001)

Under <mask>'s leadership, Interface was named to CRO magazine's (formerly Business Ethics magazine) 100 Best Corporate Citizens List for three years. In 2006, Sustainablebusiness.com named Interface to their SB20 list of Companies Changing the World, and in 2006 GlobeScan listed Interface #1 in the world for corporate sustainability. <mask> was former Board Chair for The Georgia Conservancy and served on the boards of the Ida Cason Callaway Foundation, Rocky Mountain Institute, the David Suzuki Foundation, Emory University Board of Ethics Advisory Council, the ASID Foundation, Worldwatch Institute, and the Arizona State University Global Institute of Sustainability Advisory Board. He was on the Advisory Boards of the Harvard Medical School Center for Health and the Global Environment and the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper. He was awarded 12 honorary doctorates from Northland College (public service), LaGrange College (business), N.C. State University (humane letters), University of Southern Maine (humane letters), The University of the South (civil law), and Colby College (law), Kendall College of Art and Design (art), Emory University (science), Central College in Pella, Iowa, (humane letters), Chapman University (humane letters), Clarkson University (science), and the Georgia Institute of Technology (philosophy).<mask>'s papers were donated to the Georgia Historical Society by the Ray C. Anderson Foundation and Interface, Inc. in late 2015. The collection, which includes biographical materials, business records, correspondence, organizational records, photographs, presentations, speeches, writings, travel files, and books, is available at the Georgia Historical Society's Research Center in Savannah. The online finding aid can be found here. References

Further reading
 Becher, Anne, and Joseph Richey, American Environmental Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present (2 vol, 2nd ed. 2008) vol 1 online pp. 25–27. External links

 Ray C. Anderson Foundation Web Site

 <mask>: The business logic of sustainability (TED 2009)
 The Sustainable Industrialist: <mask> of Interface
 On Responsibility in the Private Sector, keynote speech by <mask> at Rethinking Development (GNH2) in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, June 22, 2005.Sustainable Growth - Interface, Inc., Fast Company, Issue April 14, 1998
 Interface Puts More Distance Between Manufacturing and the Well Head (PDF)

1934 births
2011 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
American male writers
Sustainability advocates
Georgia Tech alumni
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S. state)

masks:
Ray C
. Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Ray Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Ray
Ray Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Ray Anderson
Ray Anderson
Ray Anderson


title: Israel Keyes

texts:
<mask> (January 7, 1978 – December 2, 2012) was an American serial killer, kidnapper, rapist, arsonist, burglar, bank robber, and necrophile who murdered a minimum of three victims across the United States from 2011 to 2012. While awaiting trial, <mask> committed suicide. Evidence found in his jail cell after his death led the FBI to suspect that he may have murdered a total of eleven people. He admitted to violent crimes as early as 1996, with the aggravated sexual assault of a teenage girl in Oregon, in a meticulous series of various crimes that lasted until his capture in 2012. Early life
<mask> was born in Cove, Utah, on January 7, 1978, to a large Mormon family. He was the second of ten children born to <mask> (née Hakansson) (b. 1954) and <mask> (1952-2002), who were Mormon expats from Torrance.Israel and his siblings were homeschooled. When <mask> was five, the family rejected Mormonism and  moved to an area near Colville, Washington. They lived in a one-room cabin without electricity or running water. In Colville, the family attended services at two churches - the Ark and the Christian Israel Covenant Church - which practiced white supremacist Christian Identity ideology. <mask> later described this community as militia-like and "Amish". In this era, the <mask>s befriended the neighboring family of Chevie Kehoe, later convicted for a 1996 triple murder. <mask> renounced the Christian faith by his teenage years, and eventually became interested in Satanism, this led him to be kicked out of his parents' house.As an adult, Keyes lived in the Makah Reservation community of Neah Bay, Washington, on the Olympic Peninsula. Military

<mask> served in the United States Army from 1998 to 2001 at Fort Lewis, Fort Hood, and in Egypt. While at Fort Lewis, he served on a mortar team in the 1st Battalion, 5th Infantry, 25th Infantry Division. Former Army friends of Keyes have noted his quiet demeanor and habit of keeping to himself. On weekends, he was reported to drink heavily, consuming entire bottles of his favorite drink, Wild Turkey bourbon. Keyes was also a fan of the hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse and displayed posters of the musical act in the barracks. In 2007, Keyes started a construction business in Alaska, called Keyes Construction while working as a handyman, contractor, and construction worker.Murders
Keyes targeted random people all across the United States to avoid detection with months of planning before he committed a particular crime. He specifically went for campgrounds and isolated locations. He claimed to only use guns when he had to and preferred strangulation; this was due to the pleasure he derived from witnessing them lose consciousness in the struggle. He had a rule against killing children or parents of children. This apparently was because he had a daughter. Keyes admitted to investigators that he killed four people in Washington State, and claims that he was the subject of an active investigation by the state police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). He did not have a felony criminal record in Washington, although he had been cited in Thurston County for driving without a valid license, and in an earlier incident, pleaded guilty to driving under the influence.Authorities were reviewing unsolved murder and missing persons cases to determine which, if any, may be linked to <mask>. <mask> claimed he committed his first murder in 1998, before pausing for three years while he served in the United States Army before resuming his killing spree in 2001 following his discharge. <mask> confessed to at least one murder in New York State. In late 2012, authorities had not determined the identity, age, or gender of the victim, or when and where the murder may have occurred, but regarded the confession as credible. <mask> had ties to New York; he owned  and a dilapidated cabin in the town of Constable. He also confessed to committing bank robberies in New York and Texas. The FBI later confirmed that Keyes robbed the Community Bank branch in Tupper Lake, New York, in April 2009.He also told authorities that he burglarized a Texas home and set it on fire. Authorities claim Keyes may have murdered a woman believed to be Debra Feldman in April 2009 in New Jersey, and buried her near Tupper Lake, New York. He also admitted to murdering Bill and Lorraine Currier of Essex, Vermont. Keyes broke into the Currier home on the night of June 8, 2011, and tied them up before driving them to an abandoned farmhouse, where he shot Bill before sexually assaulting and strangling Lorraine. Their bodies have never been found. Two years prior, Keyes hid a "murder kit", which he later used, near the Currier home. After the murders, he moved most of the contents to a new hiding place in Parishville, New York, where they remained until after his arrest.<mask>' last known victim was 18-year-old Samantha Koenig, a coffee booth employee in Anchorage, Alaska. Keyes kidnapped Koenig from her workplace on February 1, 2012, took her debit card and other property, sexually assaulted her, then killed her the following day. He left her body in a shed and went to New Orleans, where he departed on a pre-booked two-week cruise with his family in the Gulf of Mexico. When he returned to Alaska, he removed Koenig's body from the shed, applied makeup to the corpse's face, sewed her eyes open with fishing line, and snapped a picture of a four-day-old issue of the Anchorage Daily News alongside her body, posed to appear that she was still alive. After demanding $30,000 in ransom, Keyes dismembered Koenig's body and disposed of it in Matanuska Lake, north of Anchorage. An FBI report stated that Keyes burglarized 20 to 30 homes across the U.S. and robbed several banks between 2001 and 2012. He may be linked to as many as 11 deaths in the United States, and potentially even more victims outside the country.<mask> planned murders long ahead of time and took extraordinary action to avoid detection. Unlike most serial killers, he did not have a victim profile, saying he chose a victim randomly. He usually killed far from home, and never in the same area twice. On his murder trips, he kept his mobile phone turned off and paid for items with cash. He had no connection to any of his known victims. For the Currier murders, <mask> flew to Chicago, where he rented a car to drive  to Vermont. He then used the 'kill kit' he had hidden two years earlier to perform the murders.Keyes admired Ted Bundy and shared many similarities with him: both were methodical and felt as though they possessed their victims. However, there are notable differences. Bundy's murders were spread throughout the country, mainly because he lived in many different areas and not as an intentional effort to avoid detection like with Keyes. Bundy targeted only attractive young women, while Keyes, unlike most serial killers, had no particular type of victim. Keyes also called  Dennis Rader a "wimp" for apologizing in court  for his crimes. Investigation and arrest
After Koenig's murder, Keyes demanded ransom money and police were able to track withdrawals from the account as he moved throughout the southwestern U.S. During that time, the police controversially refused to release surveillance video of Koenig's abduction. <mask> was arrested by Texas Highway Patrol Corporal Bryan Henry and Texas Ranger Steven Rayburn in the parking lot of the Cotton Patch Café in Lufkin, Texas, on the morning of March 13, 2012.Keyes had previously been located at a Lufkin, Texas Motel by Lufkin Police Department Patrolman Chris Nash. Nash, who had just finished his midnight shift, was on his way home when he drove through the motel parking lot looking for <mask>' vehicle. Officer Nash located the vehicle, and while confirming its identity, observed Keyes exit a motel room in close proximity to it. Local police had previously been notified about a vehicle matching <mask>' that had been driven by the suspect using Koenig's debit card through New Mexico and Arizona. <mask> was subsequently extradited to Alaska, where he confessed to the murder. He was represented by Alaska federal defender Rich Curtner. <mask> was indicted in the case, and his trial was scheduled to begin in March 2013.While incarcerated, Keyes spoke to investigators several times. He cooperated to an extent, confessing to some of his crimes, and stated a wish to be executed within a year. Keyes said he wanted to avoid publicity due to the negative attention his young daughter might face, but largely stopped cooperating after his identity was discussed in the media. On Wednesday, May 23, 2012, <mask> attempted to escape during a routine hearing. Keyes broke his leg irons and jumped over the railing, but a taser was used in the efforts to quickly subdue him. While being held in jail at the Anchorage Correctional Complex on suspicion of murder, Keyes managed to conceal a razor blade. He died by suicide on December 2, 2012, via cutting his wrists and attempted strangulation.A suicide note, found under his body, consisted of an "ode to murder" but offered no clues about other possible victims. In 2020, the FBI released the drawings of 11 skulls and one pentagram, which had been drawn in blood and found underneath Keyes' jail-cell bed after his suicide. One of the drawings included the phrase "WE ARE ONE" written at the bottom. The FBI believes the number of skulls correlates with what are believed to be the total number of his victims. See also
 Ted Bundy
List of serial killers in the United States

References

Bibliography

External links
 Profile of Serial Killer <mask> Keyes at About.com
 Acting at Random: A Study of Israel Keyes

From FBI.gov
 FBI Requests the Public's Assistance Concerning Israel Keyes
 FBI Asks for Help Identifying Potential First Victim of Serial Killer
 New information released in serial killer case

1978 births
2012 suicides
People from Richmond, Utah
Military personnel from Utah
United States Army soldiers
Serial killers who committed suicide in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Alaska detention
American bank robbers
American rapists
American serial killers
Necrophiles
American nomads
American burglars
American arsonists
American people who died in prison custody
Male serial killers
21st-century American criminals
American male criminals
20th-century American criminals
People from Neah Bay, Washington
People from Colville, Washington
Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States
Suicides in Alaska

masks:
Israel Keyes
Keyes
Israel Keyes
Heidi Keyes
John Jeffrey Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyese
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Keyes
Israel


title: Chad Reed

texts:
<mask> AM (born 15 March 1982, in Kurri Kurri, Australia) is an Australian motocross and supercross racer. He is a multi-time supercross and motocross champion and the record holder for the most main event starts in AMA Supercross history, with 265 starts as of 21 June 2020, with his career spanning almost 20 years. He was taught from a young age as being capable of competing at the sports most elite level. He has proven to be the most consistent supercross/motocross racer in the 2000–2009 decade and has grown to be one of the sports most loved individuals, due to his years of experience and dedication to his sport. He has since ascended the international ranks of the sport to become Australia's most successful motocross racer. Amateur career
As a small child, <mask> owned a horse named Fern. After his cousin (Craig Anderson) started riding a bike, <mask> instantly discovered his love for motorcycles and made the decision to trade in his much-loved horse in place for his first-ever bike - a Yamaha PW50.The family soon purchased a small property located just outside of Kurri Kurri in NSW. The 25-acre property was overgrown with thick bushland and was yet to even have a house or electricity on the land. The family went to the property to clear the tea tree shrubs by hand at any spare chance they could find, which resulted in the family home being built along with several tracks for <mask> to practice on. <mask>'s family supported him along the way in his early years of competition. Without fail, weekend after weekend, his Dad (Mark), his Mom (Robyn), his younger brother (Troy), spent the majority of their time travelling around Australia so that <mask> could compete against the rest of the country. <mask> was often dubbed as the 'underdog', but that was certainly something that would change in the future. Honing in on his skills on 80cc bikes, <mask>'s amateur career really started to take off in 1997 when he took the top spot at the Australian Junior Championship.Australian career

1998-2000
<mask> formally began his professional career in Australia in 1998. He emerged from the Australian junior ranks to compete in the then-premier 250cc class, bypassing the traditional stepping stone of 125cc racing. <mask> was immediately competitive in both motocross and supercross, winning the Australian 250cc Supercross Championship in 1999 and 2000. 2007
<mask> revisited his home in Australia to race the Raymond Terrace, round 4, of the Australian Motocross series. He beat Daniel Reardon with a 1-1 performance, providing Reardon with international notoriety for holding <mask> off for a significant portion of the races. 2008
In 2008 <mask> was responsible for developing and partially funding the new Australian Supercross Championships, dubbed Super-X. He also competed in the series and dominated all but one race to take the Australian Supercross Championship.<mask> won 6 out of the 7 races. 2009
<mask>, aboard his new Monster Energy Kawasaki KX-450F, won 4 out of the 7 rounds of the series. <mask> won the championship by beating Daniel Reardon by 23 points. This is <mask>'s fourth Australian Supercross Championship. 2010
<mask> raced the first round of the 2010 Super X series held at Energy Australia Stadium, Newcastle on a Honda sponsored by Vodafone. <mask> won the event beating Americans Josh Hansen and Justin Brayton who finished in second and third respectively. International career

2001
<mask> travelled to Europe in 2001 to compete in the FIM World 250ccc Motocross Championships, riding for Jan DeGroot's factory Kawasaki team.<mask> was a revelation aboard his KX250, winning the Grand Prix of Lierop (Netherlands) and eventually finishing the year second to multi-time World Champion Mickaël Pichon. He is the first Australian to win a world 250cc GP race. 2002
<mask> moved to the US in 2002 and picked up a ride with Yamaha of Troy. <mask> won all but two supercross races that season to win the 125cc East Coast Supercross championship. <mask> won his first and only 125cc National victory at Mount Morris, PA, and finishing the season third behind James Stewart Jr. and Branden Jesseman. <mask>s first-ever SX race was in San Diego CA

2003
<mask> moved to the 250cc class in 2003 riding for Factory Yamaha. In his rookie 250cc Supercross season <mask> finished second to chief rival Ricky Carmichael, losing the title by only 7 points to Carmichael despite winning 8 races to Carmichael's 7.<mask> finished his first 250cc Motocross season a distant third behind Carmichael and Kevin Windham. 2004
In 2004 <mask> won the 2004 AMA 250cc Supercross series, battling with Kevin Windham, Michael Byrne and Tim Ferry with <mask> earning 10 victories for the season. <mask> finished 2nd to Carmichael in that year's motocross season. 2005
2005 marked the much-anticipated entry of James Stewart to the 250cc class alongside <mask> and Carmichael. Each scored multiple wins making for an exciting season but again it was Carmichael winning the championship with 7 wins over <mask> in 2nd with 5 wins and Stewart in 3rd with 3 wins. 2006
In 2006 <mask> was again very competitive despite suffering a level three shoulder separation in mid-season which hampered his ability to compete to his highest ability. Going into the final event of the season, <mask> and Carmichael were tied for the points lead, making the 2006 season the closest AMA Supercross championship in history.<mask> took third place that night to Carmichael's second, narrowly losing the 2006 AMA Supercross title to Carmichael by only two points. <mask> won 2 races that season. <mask> was in 2nd in the AMA Nationals until he had to withdraw from the Nationals after the Millville round, citing the recurrent shoulder injury. 2007
For 2007 <mask> announced his plans to leave the factory Yamaha team to form his own private team, similar to Jeremy McGrath in the past. Obtaining support from Yamaha, The San Manuel Band of Mission Indians, Thor and Nike, even brought in McGrath's former team manager Larry Brooks to spearhead the new effort, dubbed L&M Racing. <mask> took 1 win for the season and finished 2nd in the title chase to James Stewart, Jr.

2008
In 2008 <mask> won 9 out of 14 races in the AMA Supercross season to edge out Kevin Windham and win the AMA Supercross title for the second time. This was a season full of great battles with <mask> duking it out against Davi Millsaps, Kevin Windham, and Josh Hill for race wins, with <mask>, in the end, winning the championship by 13 points over Kevin Windham.2009
<mask> joined team Rockstar Makita Suzuki for the 2009 season. <mask> battled hard with his rival James Stewart, Jr. during the 2009 AMA supercross championship, with the pair coming to blows on more than one occasion. He narrowly lost the title to Stewart by 4 points. <mask> won 3 races this season. <mask> elected to race the 2009 motocross season after a 2-year hiatus. He won the AMA Motocross Championship at round ten, out of the 12 round series. He also won the Monster Energy Triple Crown Championship during the motocross season.He won 5 out of the 12 races in this season. 2010
For the 2010 season, <mask> joined new teammate Ryan Villopoto riding the KX-450F for the Monster Energy Kawasaki Racing Team. <mask> failed to finish during the round one final due to a collision with another racer's footpeg, breaking spokes in his front wheel. During round two he collided with James Stewart, Jr. in the final, breaking his hand resulting in another DNF. <mask> returned to race round 13 of the supercross series, and despite having a bad start, <mask> finished fourth. <mask> withdrew from the competition stating he has Epstein-Barr virus. In an open letter published on his website, <mask> admits that becoming a new dad and also the death of his close personal friend Andrew McFarlane may be reasons people look to for his poor performance.2011
After racing & winning the first round of Super X in Newcastle, Australia in October, <mask> returned to the US to test various bikes and teams searching for a suitable 2011 team structure. <mask> embraced social media using Twitter to publish hints as to the likely brand of bike and apparel that he would be using in the 2011 AMA Supercross series. Failing negotiations with established teams, <mask> decided to create his own team, TwoTwo Motorsports, aboard a Honda CRF450R, with support from Honda, Bel-Ray, Shift and many other sponsors. The 2011 season had been a 5-way battle between <mask>, Ryan Villopoto, James Stewart, Jr., Ryan Dungey and Trey Canard. It came down to the final race in Las Vegas between Ryan Villopoto, <mask>, and Ryan Dungey. <mask> won the Las Vegas race but lost the championship by 4 points to Ryan Villopoto. <mask> was presented with the "2011 Rock Hard - Ride Hard Bret Michaels Supercross Award."at Vegas for his great work starting a new team and still finishing 2nd in the championship. 2012
While competing at the seventh round of the 2012 AMA Supercross series in Dallas Texas and going in an Epic Battle with Ryan Villopoto, <mask> crashed and sustained numerous injuries including his left knee. The most serious of the injuries required surgery for a torn ACL. Consequently, <mask> was forced to drop out of the 2012 title chase while sitting second in overall championship points. 2013
After the long hiatus, <mask> returned to racing with his new bike and a new sponsor, Discount Tire, but he kept his TwoTwo Motorsports Honda. While battling with Ryan Villopoto, Davi Millsaps, Ryan Dungey, Trey Canard and Justin Barcia, <mask> struggled to ride hard and pass for the lead. On 23 March 2013, after the race in Toronto, Canada <mask> announced that he underwent knee surgery on Tuesday, and missed one round of competition in Houston, Texas.He came back in Minneapolis to race, however, in the Main Event in Seattle. <mask> crashed in the first corner, where he tweaked his right arm. He came back to Salt Lake City, but had problems with his engine, putting him in the LCQ. In the Main Event in Salt Lake City, he was lapped by the leaders Ryan Villopoto, Davi Millsaps, and Ryan Dungey on Lap 16, and finishing in 10th Place. 2014
After a disappointing 2013 season, finishing twice on the podium, one in Anaheim 2, and the other in St. Louis, <mask> returned to racing. He switched brands from Honda to Kawasaki, but he continued to ride for his own team TwoTwo Motorsports and for Discount Tire. Throughout the season, <mask> continued to struggle and ride a new bike.He finished 3rd in the Season Opener in Anaheim. He got back up passed Ken Roczen for 2nd place and then James Stewart, Jr. for the lead, and won the 3rd round in Anaheim 2, and got back up leading all 20 laps and won the 5th Round in Anaheim 3. While competing at Round 6 at Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, <mask> crashed hard in the whoops on the Final Lap after clipping Ken Roczen's rear wheel as he tried to take over 3rd place and then suffered a shoulder injury. He tried to race in Arlington, Texas during qualifying practice and his shoulder is getting worse due to a broken collarbone. Consequently, <mask> was forced to drop out the remainder of the 10 rounds of the 2014 AMA Supercross Series while sitting second in overall championship points. In the Lucas Oil MX Series, he finished around 10th overall in the points and won 2 holeshots. 2015
In 2015 <mask> would see one of his most disappointing professional seasons earning one win in the Supercross Championship along with 2 podium finishes.He would withdraw from the AMA Motocross championship midway through the season due to motocross competing sponsorship reasons. He would later announce the folding of his TwoTwo Motorsports Team that was founded in 2011. <mask> would later announce that he would be riding a Yamaha for the continuation of the 15' Season and for the 2015 Monster Energy Cup. 2016
In 2016, <mask> competed in the 2016 AMA Monster Energy Supercross Championship with Factory Yamaha. His sponsors include Yamaha Motor Corporation, Monster Energy, Yamalube, Chaparral Motorsports, Yamaha Financial Services, Oakley Motorsports, and Pro Circuit. 2018
<mask> obtained the world record for the most career Monster Energy Supercross main event starts ever. 2019
On 2 February, He finished Top Five (5th place) at the AMA Monster Energy Supercross in San Diego, CA.On 23 February, <mask> finished on the podium in 3rd in the AMA Monster Energy Supercross in Detroit, MI, Increasing his record of most all-time AMA Supercross podiums to 132. On 23 March, He crashed at the start of the main event during the Seattle, WA supercross event. He sustained multiple injuries including a broken scapula, 8 rib fractures, and a collapsed lung ending his 2019 supercross season. 2020
In the previous year, <mask> had announced that 2020 would be his last season. Midway through the year after the break caused by COVID 19, <mask> switched from Honda to KTM. His best finish in 2020 was a 10th at the finale. Sponsorships

<mask> has ridden for a variety of sponsors over his career, including: Yamaha Motor Company, Husqvarna, Monster Energy, Red Bull, Oakley Motorsports, Fox Racing, Shift, Discount Tire, Boost Mobile, Pro Circuit, 360 Fly Camera and Penrite Oil Company.Recognition
 1997 Australian Junior Motocross Champion
 1999 Australian Supercross Champion
 2000 Australian Supercross Champion
 2001 Motocross of Nations (Belgium) - Race 2 (125/250), 1st Place
 2002 AMA Eastern Regional Supercross Champion
 2003 U.S Open Champion
 2003 FIM World Supercross GP Champion
 2004 U.S Open Champion
 2004 AMA Supercross Champion
 2005 X-Games Supermoto - Bronze Medal
 2007 King of Bercy Supercross Champion
 2007 Motocross of Nations (USA) - Race 1 (MX1/MX2), 2nd Place
 2008 AMA/FIM World Supercross Champion
 2008 Australian Supercross Champion
 2009 Monster Energy Triple Crown Motocross Champion
 2009 AMA National Pro Motocross Champion
 2009 Motocross of Nations (Italy) - Race 1 (MX1/MX2), 2nd Place
 2009 AMA Athlete of the Year
 2009 Australian Supercross Champion
 2011 Motocross of Nations (France) - Race 1 (MX1/MX2), 1st Place
 2016 AUS-X Open Champion
 2018 The Ironman of Supercross (Most AMA Supercross Starts Record)
 2018 SX-Open Champion
 2018 FIM Oceania Supercross Champion

Honours
On 13 June 2011, <mask> was named a Member of the Order of Australia for service to motorsports as a professional supercross motorcycle rider at national and international levels, and to the community. References

1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from New South Wales
Australian motocross riders
AMA Motocross Championship National Champions
Members of the Order of Australia

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Chad Mark Reed
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title: Thomas Young Hall

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<mask> was an internationally acclaimed mining engineer and coal mine owner. A native of Tyneside, he was a well-known figure in Newcastle in the mid-nineteenth century. Born in Greenside on 25 October 1802, his father, <mask>, was a mining engineer, manager of the Folly Pitt, and agent to several leading coal mine owners including the Dunns, G. Silvertop, Capt. Blackett, W. P. Wrightson, P. E. Townley, and John Buddle. Education and apprenticeship

With this background, Welford's assertion that <mask> started work as a pit-boy out of economic necessity seems unlikely. Young <mask> received his education at the Crawcrook school, also known as Craiggy's School after the father and son, John and John Alexander Craiggy, who acted successively as Master. Crawcrook was at the centre of the coal mining industry at that time and other eminent pupils included Sir George Elliot, Nicholas Wood, J.B. Simpson and others who were to become eminent Mining Engineers in Europe, and America. Bourn comments, "it is a question whether any other village school in England has turned out so many distinguished men who have been connected with the coal trade". <mask> entered the mines and was apprenticed to his father and John Buddle at Townley, Whitfield & Crawcrook collieries... Early career

At the age of 22, he became Under-Viewer at the North Hetton Colliery. After four years, he joined Jonathan Backhouse at the Black Boy and Coundon pits. This period, which coincided with the early years of the Stockton and Darlington Railway, introduced him to the importance of costing the transport of coal to the nearest ports. He reported on the potential for exploitation of the Coxhoe, Shadforth and Sherburn pits, which led to the development of Hartlepool as a coal port.By 1832, he was a Director and share holder in the Old Hartlepool Docks and Railway Company. Fordyce subsequently reported the opening of Hartlepool Docks on 9 July 1835, as follows:  “That stupendous undertaking, the Hartlepool docks and harbour, was opened for the shipment of coal and merchandize. The day being extremely fine, great rejoicings took place. The first shipment of coals was made in the Britannia of Sunderland, Tyne and Wear. Having taken her cargo on board, she proceeded to sea amid the ringing of bells, the firing of cannon, and the acclamation of those who had assembled to witness the ceremony." The first shipment of South Hetton coal, following the completion of the South Hetton railway branch, followed on 23 November 1835. In late 1832, <mask> became mining engineer at South Hetton in addition to his other duties.Over the next four years, he made his first major contribution to the mining industry by developing the tub, cage and guide-rod system for raising coal from the pit,    Established practice had been to bring coal to the surface in wicker baskets or “corves”. These had increased in size over the years from 3 cwt. to about 6 cwt., making them difficult to fill and handle underground and prone to snagging while being lifted in the shaft. Adding to the difficulties was the common practice amongst miners of hanging to the ropes or lifting chain to ascend and descend the 1500 ft or more of the pit shaft. <mask> replaced the corves with low tubs which ran on rails underground. Initially these were emptied at the shaft bottom, but he subsequently developed a frame or cage into which several tubs could be loaded for lifting. To prevent the cage fouling the sides of the shaft, he developed an idea proposed initially by a Mr. Curr of Sheffield and fitted guide rods to constrain it.A model of the system was exhibited at the  Polytechnic Exhibition Newcastle and Museum of Practical Geology, London. These developments had a profound effect on mining costs which <mask>  later quantified as a saving of 1s.3 d. per ton of coal or over £1m. p.a. for the NE Coalfield
By 1836, <mask> was entering  a partnership with Buddle and Potter to work the Ryton Glebe and Stella Collieries. This soon extended to the Townley Main and Whitefield pits and workings in the Crawcrook area. The group became known as the Stella Coal Company and traded successfully until the 1860s. <mask> became resident at Stella House and, as part of the developments, leased an area of land to the west of Blaydon Burn, Fig.1.As his principal interest was the development of the Stella staithes, land was sub-leased to a range of industrial users including an acid and white lead factory. These complex legal arrangements were to return to haunt him in later life. America

In the late 1830s, the Blackheath Colliery, Etna and Mid-Lothian pits in Cleveland County, Virginia, were devastated by fire and explosion, resulting in what the NEIMME reported as,
“sacrifice of life in negro workmen". The best American engineers failed to clear the resultant gas and Col. Heth, the Managing Partner, visited London to consult the eminent Engineer, Robert Stephenson. On Stephenson's recommendation, <mask> and Frank Forster, Engineer to the London Sewerage Company, visited Virginia. Within a month, it is claimed that <mask>, assisted by one NE pitman who had accompanied him, had restored the mines to working condition. This was clearly a highly lucrative development for <mask>.For restoring a mine valued at £50k, he was initially offered £10k for his involvement, subsequently amended to a £7k share option and a five-year term as Mining Superintendent on a salary linked to production (and frequently quoted as circa £2k p.a.). Following the intervention of Thos. Wood, it was agreed that <mask> should receive " normal Viewers' customary perquisites" and be allowed to pursue private work for three months in the year. This led to him crossing the Atlantic 16 times between 1839 and 1843, no mean achievement in the age before steamships were fully established. The Agreement for the formation of the Chesterfield Coal & Iron Mining Company dated 30 April 1840, lists John Heth (Virginia), Charles Scarrisbrick (Lancaster) George Morten (Old Bond St.), Thos Wood (Castle Eden) and Samuel Amory (Throgmorton St.) amongst the directors. Arrangements for <mask> are detailed, even specifying that during his time in America he should have, "two horses for his use and the keep of a cow". Welford notes that having an English company holding assets in America caused constitutional issues, requiring negotiations with the American Government.During his time in America, <mask> took an interest in mining in Russia, including the publication of a letter in the New York Herald in 1840 arguing the case for a railway from St.Petersberg to Moscow. This led to Gen. Tcheffkine, the Czar's Director of Mining, and a Russian delegation visiting Tyneside to study railway and mining practice. The party spent several days at Stella with <mask> and the local Consul, <mask> Carr, presenting <mask> with a gold medal and letter of appreciation from the Czar,). Later career

On his permanent return to Tyneside in 1843, residing at 39, Collingwood St., <mask> was an established and secure figure. In addition to his lucrative mining and property holdings, he is listed as a shareholder in the Old Hartlepool Docks and Railway Company, Newcastle, Shields and Sunderland Union Banking Co., Scotswood Bridge Co., and J.S.Challoners, Scotswood Rd... Additionally, he had an interest in the Ovingham Bleachery, George Hartford & John Reed and the Middlesbrough Sail Cloth Co. Unfortunately, the late 1840s seem to have been a bad time for business. Correspondence from the period tells of a series of failures.In May 1847, the Middlesbrough Sail Cloth Company was heading for bankruptcy and <mask> was referring to the Banks, "going wrong". William Thompson Dixon, Sailcloth Manufacturer, has managed to pay only 5/3 in the £. By December, even <mask> himself is being refused further credit by Balamore Mills on the supply of flax for his bleachery. Finally, in March 1848, the Union Bank is appealing to its members for additional funding to stave off its collapse. A further concern during this period was the developing problem with the Stella Haugh land. Townley, who had previously controlled the lease, sought to demonstrate that <mask> had neglected his duties as lessee and landlord, which would potentially have allowed him to benefit from the considerable investment which <mask> and his sub-lessees had made over more than a decade. The case was heard as Molyneux v. <mask> before Mr. Justice Williams at the Durham Summer Assizes on 30 July 1851.Mr. Justice Williams reduced the argument to five points of law, on all of which the jury found predominantly for the defendant, <mask>. Publications

In 1851, <mask>, a lifelong bachelor, was living with two servants at 11, Eldon Square. This coincided with the formation of the North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers and over the following years he contributed a number of leading papers to their Proceedings, drawing on his extensive knowledge of the coal industry internationally. His definitive work on the North East Coalfield appeared in 1854 including the detailed map, Fig.2. This was followed by the companion paper on the ports of the region in 1861. <mask> defended vigorously the position of the Tyne, possibly because of his vested interests, but also made a strong case for the development of Redcar as a 40 ft. deep water port to transport iron ore to Tyneside for smelting. He clearly took a keen interest in the development of North Yorkshire's iron deposits, as shown by the inclusion of the Yorkshire and Cleveland Railway Bill, 1854, in his bound papers,

Other papers analysed the potential of leading overseas coalfields.His paper on Styria and Austria presented his usual factual analysis of production and transport issues backed by economic analysis, but Members were then treated to a review of his 1854 Summer Holiday with slides of the Adelsberg Grotto, Fig.3. His 1856 paper on the potential of the United States) was informed by his years in Virginia, where the short rail links to the James River were a particular attraction. He was also aware of Pennsylvania's large reserves, which have been exploited to the present day. Although he had spent some months in France  his Notes on the production and consumption of coal in France  draws heavily on the centralised returns of the French Legislature, which operated from 1832. This includes telling detail of the 20% drop in production that accompanied the Revolution around 1848. Although he had visited Shanghai, his paper on China relied heavily on the tour of Mr. Samuel Mossman    <mask> noted that coal had been mined there since 200 BC, but considered the industry very backward and ended his paper with an exhortation to capitalists and engineers to seek concessions there. Technical developments
In addition to his economic insights, <mask> was involved in several technical developments.Following the Stephenson / Davy controversy about the origins of the safety lamp, opinion was divided between gauze and glass lamps:  it was argued that the former could, in some circumstances, be unsafe whereas the latter sometimes gave only limited light. <mask> was party to an ingenious set of experiments initiated by Nicholas Wood at the Killingworth and Wallsend Collieries <mask>'s solution was a series of designs incorporating both gauzes and glass, which were published following the experiments, Fig.4. Other developments concerned boiler level indicators, coke ovens and screens for coals, Fig.5. He was also the first in the region to use pit gas for underground lighting

In 1853, <mask> was attracted to a prize offered by the Belgian government for rescue systems from mines filled with dangerous gases. His original essays are preserved in English and the French translation, and were subsequently published in the NEIMME Transactions, Fig.6. Decline and death

In the mid-1860s, <mask> prepared a report on the Coalbrook and Broadoak Collieries at Loughor, Glamorgan, The intended business model appears similar to the earlier American activity, with the key investors being Sir Wm.Milman, Messrs Manning and O'Donoghue. Relations between the partners appeared to sour between February and May 1866, by which point relations had broken down with the threat of legal action At the same time, relations with the Simpsons, who managed the Stella assets, became strained

At this time and clearly under considerable pressure, <mask> suffered a stroke which incapacitated him for at least 12 weeks.It appears that he spent his remaining years quietly. In 1865, he had been contemplating the purchase of the Villa Real in the Morpeth area, but the sale did not proceed. Bourn. states that he retired to Wylam Hill Farm. He died at his Newcastle residence, 11, Eldon Sq., on 3 February 1870 and his funeral was at Ryton Church. Scholarship bequest

<mask> maintained his commitment to learning and scholarship. As recorded in the Transactions of the NEIMME, ".. . a clause in the will of the late Mr. Thos.Y.Hall, which provided that the interest on £500 would be available for a scholarship connected with the college, which he (the President) hoped would soon be formed in connection with this Institute." This endowment provided the Thomas Young Hall Exhibition at the College of Physical Science, which is still awarded to a pre-eminent Undergraduate in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering at Newcastle University. References

Sources and further reading

Abbreviations:  NEIMME:  North of England Institute of Mining and Mechanical Engineers 			 DCRO:  Durham County Records Office

1802 births
1870 deaths
English engineers
British mining engineers
People from County Durham (before 1974)

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title: Robert Abrams

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<mask> (born July 4, 1938) is an American attorney and politician. He served as the attorney general of New York from 1979 to 1993 and was the Democratic nominee for the 1992 United States Senate election in New York. Early life and education
<mask> was born in The Bronx, New York, in a Jewish family, the son of Benjamin and <mask>. He has one sister, Marlene (<mask>) Kitrosser. He graduated from Columbia College and the New York University School of Law. Career

New York State Assembly
<mask> launched his political career as a 27-year-old insurgent challenging his local assemblyman and the Bronx Democratic machine in a Democratic primary in September 1965. <mask> was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1966 to 1969, sitting in the 176th, 177th and 178th New York State Legislatures.Bronx borough president
From 1970 to 1978, he was borough president of the Bronx and a member of the New York City Board of Estimate, having been elected in 1969 and overwhelmingly re-elected in 1973 and 1977. He was a delegate to the 1972, 1976, 1980 and 1984 Democratic National Conventions. At the 1972 Democratic National Convention, he was the co-chair of the New York delegation and was at the microphone to cast New York's 267 votes for George McGovern. In 1980, he was the chairman of Senator Edward M. Kennedy's primary campaign for president in New York and led a strong victory over incumbent President Jimmy Carter. In 1988, he was a presidential elector, voting for Michael DukakisLloyd Bentsen ticket. New York attorney general
<mask> was elected New York attorney general in 1978, the first time in forty years a Democrat was elected to that post and was subsequently re-elected three times, in 1982, 1986, and 1990. He defeated future Republican Rep. Peter King in his 1986 re-election campaign for Attorney General.<mask> built a reputation as an activist and consumer advocate, taking on environmental polluters, charity frauds, discrimination in housing and various activities in the marketplace. He is also well known for the manner in which he sensitively and professionally handled an extremely difficult assignment, that of special prosecutor investigating the claims of Tawana Brawley. Governor Mario Cuomo directed him in 1988 to investigate the claims of Brawley, a black teen-ager, that she had been abducted and raped in upstate Dutchess County by a gang of whites. A lengthy grand jury inquiry supervised by <mask>' office later concluded that she had fabricated her story. During his tenure as attorney general, <mask> received numerous awards and honors and earned national prominence rarely achieved by a state-level official. He served as president of the National Association of Attorneys General and was selected by his colleagues to receive the coveted Wyman Award as Outstanding Attorney General in the Nation. 1992 U.S. Senate election

In 1992, he sought election to the United States Senate, to challenge Republican Senator Al D'Amato.He won the Democratic Primary, defeating former Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro, Rev. Al Sharpton, and New York City Comptroller Elizabeth Holtzman. <mask> was initially the front-runner but by the end of the summer he was running second to Ferraro in polls. The nomination battle then took a bitter turn, particularly Holtzman and <mask>' attack on Ferraro's questionable business dealings including links with organized crime members including Gambino crime family soldier <mask>, which Ferraro interpreted as anti-Italian slurs. After <mask> emerged as the nominee, the Democrats remained divided and he was unable to secure Ferraro's endorsement until the last days of the campaign. <mask> was also criticized for calling D'Amato a Fascist, and he narrowly lost the general election as a result of these controversies. After narrowly losing the Senate race, despite making plans to run for re-election as state attorney general, <mask> announced his resignation from the office of attorney general on September 8, 1993, to take effect on December 31.He had a year left in his term. Later career
Upon leaving government, <mask> joined Stroock & Stroock & Lavan as a partner. He has remained active in civic affairs in New York. In 1996, the New York University School of Law established an annual lecture program, the Attorney General <mask> Public Service Lecture whereby each year a prominent public figure who has performed exemplary public service addresses the students, faculty and alumni of the law school to urge students to consider all or a portion of their career to be dedicated to public service. During the ensuing 25 years, United States senators, governors, attorneys general and judges have appeared as guests, including United States Senators Joe Lieberman from Connecticut, Heidi Heitkamp from North Dakota, Tom Udall from New Mexico, Vermont Chief Justice Jeffrey Amestoy, Governors Jim Doyle of Wisconsin, Mike Easley of North Carolina, Ted Kulongoski of Oregon, and attorneys general Karl Racine of Washington, D.C., Josh Shapiro of Pennsylvania, and Letitia James of New York. Mayor Bloomberg appointed <mask> in 2005 to serve on the New York City Charter Revision Commission. In 2006, New York Governor Elect Eliot Spitzer appointed <mask> to serve as Co-Chair of his Policy Advisory Committee on Governmental Reform for his Transition, and New York Attorney General Elect Andrew Cuomo appointed him Executive Chair of his Transition Committee.In 2008, New York Governor David Paterson appointed <mask> to serve on the Board of the United Nations Development Corporation. On May 9, 2009, New York Governor David Paterson renamed the Justice Building at the Empire State Plaza in Albany the <mask> Abrams Building for Law and Justice. Also in 2009, Attorney General elect Eric Schneiderman appointed <mask> to serve as Honorary Co-Chair of his Transition Committee. In 2010, New York's chief judge, Jonathan Lippman, appointed him to be a member of the Advisory Council for the Retired Attorney Pro Bono Program. In 2012, Governor Andrew Cuomo appointed <mask> as co-chairman of a Moreland Commission to investigate the preparedness and response of the utilities in New York State to Superstorm Sandy which took the lives of numerous New Yorkers and caused billions of dollars of damage. At the conclusion of its hearings and deliberations, the Commission released a report which resulted in changes to New York State law and practices by utilities. He also served on numerous boards of community not for profit organizations: Fund for the City of New York, Citizens Union Board Member and President of the Citizens Union Foundation, America Israel Friendship League, and Council for a Secure America.<mask> was a leader of the Soviet Jewry Movement in the United States. Serving as chairman of the Greater New York Conference on Soviet Jewry, he attended several international conferences, in Paris where delegates met to plan strategy for the movement; in Brussels where Golda Meir, U.S. Senator Frank Church, Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel, and civil rights leader Bayard Rustin addressed the convocation; and in Jerusalem at a world plenum which addressed Soviet Jewish absorption issues in Israel. In 1991, <mask> delivered the Raoul Wallenberg Lecture in Moscow before several hundred leaders of Jewish communities from each of the fifteen republics of the USSR. He also served on the corporate boards of Sterling Bancorp and Sterling National Bank for 18 years. On October 16, 2018, <mask> and Public Advocate Letitia James (running for New York State Attorney General) were at the steps of New York City Hall for a press conference where he announced his endorsement of James in the race. James became the first woman and the first African American to be elected to the position of New York State Attorney General and appointed <mask> as co-chair of her transition team.In March 2021, <mask>' memoir, The Luckiest Guy in the World: My Journey in Politics, was published by Skyhorse Publishing. Personal life
On September 15, 1974, he married the daughter of Jacob and Hilda Schulder, Diane Schulder <mask>, an attorney who created and taught the first "Women and the Law" course in an American law school. <mask> and Diane have two daughters, Rachel and Becky, and eight grandchildren. <mask> and Diane's second child Becky was born to them when Diane was 49 years old. They attribute her birth to a blessing they received from the Lubavitcher Rebbe. References

 Political Graveyard
 Attorney General <mask> to Quit To Join a Law Firm in Manhattan. New York Times.September 9, 1993. Executive Order renaming Justice Building

External links
 <mask> - Partner: Stroock & Stroock & Lavan LLP
 NYU Law School Attorney General <mask> Public Service Lecture series [U.S.Senator Tom Udall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTcxGkXiK9U&t=29s]
 NYU Law School Attorney General <mask> Public Service Lecture series [U.S. Senator Heidi Heitkamp
 NYU Law School Attorney General <mask> Public Service Lecture series [Attorney General Karl Racine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MPqHLrpwSo&t=28s]
 NYU Law School Attorney General <mask> Public Service Lecture series [Attorney General Josh Shapiro

1938 births
Living people
Bronx borough presidents
Jewish American state legislators in New York (state)
New York State Attorneys General
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) Democrats
Columbia College (New York) alumni
New York University School of Law alumni
1988 United States presidential electors
Politicians from the Bronx
21st-century American Jews

masks:
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Robert DiBernardo
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title: ZeRo (gamer)

texts:
Gonzalo Raúl Barrios Castro (born April 17, 1995), known by his gamertag ZeRo, is a Chilean professional Super Smash Bros. player and streamer. He was considered the best Super Smash Bros. for Wii U player in the world throughout his career, with a record-breaking 56 consecutive tournament wins in the game from November 2014 to October 2015, including high-profile tournaments such as EVO 2015 and The Big House 5. Prior to the release of Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, he was a top ranked Super Smash Bros. Brawl and Project M player. His best known characters are Diddy Kong in Super Smash Bros. for Wii U, Pit in Project M, Meta Knight in Brawl, and Fox in Melee. He is the only player to have earned more than US$100,000 playing Super Smash Bros. for Wii U competitively. Barrios retired from professional competition in July 2020 following allegations of sexting two minors in 2014, which also led to Barrios' sponsors cutting ties with him. Life and career

2005–2011: Early life and Super Smash Bros. tournaments
Barrios was born in Chillán, Chile in 1995.As a child, Barrios was bullied and placed into a special needs program in school. Due to his family's financial issues and his own anxiety, he dropped out of school for three years. During this time, Barrios received a Nintendo GameCube and would play speedruns on Super Mario Sunshine, as well as Super Smash Bros. Melee with his older sister. In 2006, Barrios began competing in Melee tournaments in his Chilean hometown at a local game store. In the following years, ZeRo regularly traveled between Chile, Argentina, and the United States to compete in regional and international Smash tournaments and events. In 2011, Barrios' sister died at age 27 due to complications from a brain aneurysm. 2011–2018: vVv Gaming and rise to professional Smash tournaments
Between 2011 and 2012, after competing in various local and regional Melee tournaments, ZeRo was sponsored by Los Angeles-based vVv Gaming.In 2012, he began competing in professional esports events including Apex, By early 2014, it was estimated that ZeRo was earning approximately 40,000 a year from a combination of prize money, sponsorships, and Twitch streams. ZeRo then qualified for the MLG Anaheim 2014 championship bracket and finished in 17th place. During this time, he was ranked by Melee it on Me as the 35th best Melee player in the world. In June 2014, he won the Super Smash Bros. for Wii U invitational at E3, moving up through the winner's bracket and defeating Hungrybox in the game's first-ever official tournament. In November 2014, ZeRo criticized Diddy Kong's repetitive play style in Smash Bros. for Wii U, claiming that Diddy was "killing the game". However, ZeRo later retracted the statement and stated that Diddy Kong was his favorite character to play with, which eventually led to Diddy being his main character in tournaments. At EVO 2015, ZeRo defeated Mr. R in the largest Smash for Wii U tournament to date.In the following month, Team SoloMid announced ZeRo as the second player in their Super Smash Bros. division. At The Big House 5, ZeRo faced off in the grand finals against Team Liquid's Nairo. Despite a narrow escape from losses in the early tournament and a loss during the first set versus Nairo, ZeRo ended with a 3–2 win in the second set. In MLG World Finals 2015, ZeRo defeated Nakat, StaticManny, Ally, and ESAM, moving on to challenge Nairo for the winner's bracket grand finals. There, Nairo took two sets off of ZeRo, ending ZeRo's reign at 56 consecutive victories. ZeRo suffered from a growth on his middle finger in early 2016 that required surgical removal, and prevented him from playing Smash for several months. 2018–present: Partnerships, sexual misconduct allegations and cut ties

In January 2018, hours after ZeRo was once again ranked 1st on the Panda Global Rankings v4, ZeRo announced his hiatus from the Smash competitive scene, citing a need for variation in his life and goals.However, during this time he continued to be active in the Super Smash Bros. community and continued streaming on his Twitch channel. In November 2018, ZeRo simultaneously announced his return to professional competition for Super Smash Bros. Ultimate and his signing to the Tempo Storm esports team. ZeRo announced a year later that he had signed an exclusive streaming rights deal with Facebook. On July 3, 2020, <mask> announced that he would be retiring from professional competition following allegations of sending sexual messages to minors when he was 19, and that he would also be ending all of his sponsorships. This includes an incident in 2014, where ZeRo asked "Katie", a 14-year-old girl at the time, to masturbate with ice and to take pictures. He later confessed that the incident was true and that he knew her age, but claims the second victim he spoke to earlier in 2014, "Laura", lied about her age.ZeRo later made a statement on YouTube, saying he's sorry and is seeking therapy. The following day, Tempo Storm announced that they would be severing ties with ZeRo, with Facebook following suit on July 5, and Twitch on July 23. When Inven Global asked the team's CEO, Andrey "Reynad" Yanyuk, if he saw "a world in which ZeRo is able to rehabilitate himself and potentially re-join Tempo Storm in some capacity", he responded:

"I don't know, I don't like to speculate about the future. I just take things one day at a time, you know? I think ZeRo is a very different person today than he was when he wrote some Skype messages at 19 years old. I think he's had a lot of personal growth over the past few years that I've personally seen, so I'm optimistic about his ability to recover." After months of silence, on March 23, 2021, ZeRo's then ex-girlfriend Vanessa announced on Twitter that he had attempted suicide and was sent in for further care after being treated in a hospital.On April 26, 2021, Barrios updated to the community that he successfully recovered from the hospital and has no intention to attempt suicide again. On November 16, 2021, ZeRo uploaded a video to YouTube, stating that he was returning to creating content and retracting his previous admission. On November 30, 2021, ZeRo sued Jisu for defamation over the allegations, which was criticized by the latter. Awards and honors
ZeRo was considered the third best Brawl player in the world by Clash Tournaments in the 2014 SSBBRank. In 2016, ZeRo was featured in the Guinness Book of World Records Gamer's Edition for his 56 consecutive Smash tournament victories. Tournament placings

Super Smash Bros. Brawl

Super Smash Bros. Melee

Project M

Super Smash Bros. Wii U

Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS

Super Smash Bros. Ultimate

References

External links

Living people
1995 births
People from Chillán
People from Los Angeles
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Super Smash Bros. for Wii U players
Chilean esports players
Chilean expatriates in the United States
Chilean YouTubers
Team SoloMid players
People from New Jersey
Project M players
Super Smash Bros. Brawl players
Gaming YouTubers
Tempo Storm players


title: AA Bronson

texts:
<mask>, OC (born Michael Tims in Vancouver in 1946) is an artist. He was a founding member of the artists' group General Idea, was president and director of Printed Matter, Inc., and started the NY Art Book Fair and the LA Art Book Fair. Early life
Tims' father was an Air Force officer, and as a result, the family moved often; Tims spent his childhood in various places across Canada. He was an avid reader as a child, and it was through his reading habits that he explored his interest in art, architecture, spirituality and the occult, which would remain significant touchstones throughout his life and career, especially in his post-General Idea solo career. He attended the University of Manitoba as an architecture student in the mid-1960s. He met Ron Gabe (aka Felix Partz) at the University of Manitoba. While at architecture school, he came to be interested in and involved with theories of radical education and communes.His interest in and experience with alternate methods of education began at the age of 12, where his primary school experimented with a form of self-directed learning. He, along with a group of fellow U of Manitoba students, dropped out to form a commune, whose activities included a free press (called "The Loving Couch Press") and a free school (called "The School"). It was via his activities with the Loving Couch Press that Bronson came into contact with other underground presses. This, in turn, exposed him to the Situationist International and Fluxus, which would have a significant impact on the ideas and methods pursued as part of General Idea. In the late 1960s, Bronson trained as a facilitator in group-process for communes and cooperative communities while apprenticing with a psychologist at the University of Regina. In his role as an apprentice, he travelled across Canada, including to Simon Fraser University. At Simon Fraser, he met Brian Carpenter, who deepened his exposure to radical communication theories.He also encountered the InterMedia artist collective, and Slobodan Saia-Levy (aka Jorge Zontal). In 1969, <mask>'s involvement in communes and radical education theories and practices took him to Toronto, to investigate the Rochdale College experiment. It was through some of the members of Rochdale College that <mask> deepened his friendships with Felix Partz and Jorge Zontal (each having arrived in Toronto for different reasons). They, along with several others, became involved in the countercultural performance and "happenings" scene that centered around Toronto's Theatre Passe Muraille. Through Theatre Passe Muraille, <mask> apprenticed with Coach House Press (he also did graphic design for Passe Muraille). General Idea
The General Idea artists group, initially a loose collective of five to seven people, was founded in 1969 by <mask>, Jorge Zontal and Felix Partz, Partz's then-girlfriend Mimi Paige, and Granada Gazelle (a.k.a. Sharon Venne).Among the group's various activities, The trio founded FILE Megazine, a visual magazine, which they edited and published from 1972 until 1989. In 1974 they founded Art Metropole, an international publisher, distributor and archive of artists' books, video and multiples, which they conceived as an extension of the self-mythologization of General Idea. <mask> was the director of Art Metropole from 1974 through 1984, and again from 1996 through 1998. The three worked and lived together for 25 years, until their collaboration was terminated with the death of both Zontal and Partz in 1994. General Idea continues to exhibit internationally in private galleries and museums, as well as undertaking countless temporary public art projects around the world. <mask> has been working independently since that time. He is currently represented by Esther Schipper, Berlin and Maureen Paley, London.Solo career

AA Bronson's solo artwork has dealt with trauma, loss, death and healing. While caring for friends coping with their AIDS-related illnesses, Bronson began to participate in Body Electric (and related) therapeutic massage and healing workshops and seminars in California (he partook in the first of such seminars in 1989). His initial motivation for this was to become a midwife to the dying. Over the course of the next eleven years, he would return to California to continue to take part in, and deepen his knowledge of, alternative healing and therapeutic bodywork practices. After the deaths of Partz and Zontal, an aspect of Bronson's grief manifested as a creative crisis. His first works are, in fact, elegies both to his General Idea partners and his own identity as part of the group: a deathbed portrait of Felix Partz (Felix, June 5, 1994, 1994–99), a triptych of Zontal shortly before his death (Jorge, February 3, 1994, 2000) and a full-body nude self-portrait in the shape of a coffin (<mask> Bronson, August 22, 2000, 2000). He began working professionally as a healer initially out of personal calling, and this professional identity as a healer was soon integrated into his artistic identity.<mask> has said that he approached his identity as a healer in the same way that General Idea approached their identities as artists: the word was so overused, it had lost any particular meaning and significance, and so he was free both to assume the 'drag' of a healer, and consequently, to invest the word with his own meaning. The first expression of his healing practice as an artistic performance emerged at a solo show at the Frederic Giroux gallery in Paris in 2003. His healing practice garnered significant attention in the press due to his inclusion of an anal massage technique, a practice he learned through a teacher Bronson met during his extensive therapeutic massage schooling in California. In 2004, <mask> began working at Printed Matter as its director. Through his involvement in Printed Matter, he founded the NY Art Book Fair in 2005 (which in turn birthed the LA Art Book Fair). The annual NY Art Book Fair, which hosts over 200 independent presses, booksellers, antiquarian dealers, artists and publishers from twenty countries. Via his work at Printed Matter and at the Book Fairs, Bronson began to be introduced to a network of a younger generation of artists, with whom he began and continues to collaborate regularly.A significant aspect of this collaboration took form in a series of site-specific "secret" performances entitled Invocation of the Queer Spirits, conceived in collaboration with artist Peter Hobbs. They, along with a series of select collaborators, would collectively ritually invoke the spirits of the dead in various locales. The ritual has been performed in Banff, New Orleans, Winnipeg, Governor's Island, the Fire Island Pines. These performances were always private. A book documenting this process (including its conception and photographic evidence of its remnants) was published by Creative Time in 2011. Since then, the Invocation of the Queer Spirits has been performed in Berlin and Paris, among other venues. In 2009, <mask> enrolled as a Masters of Divinity candidate at Union Theological Seminary in the City of New York.While at Union, he co-founded the Institute for Art, Religion and Social Justice with Kathryn Reklis. In 2013, <mask> was invited to Berlin to be a resident as part of the DAAD Berliner Kunstler program. After the course of the yearlong residency was over, he and his partner, Mark Jan Krayenhoff van de Leur, decided to remain in Berlin, where they both currently reside. In 2021, he was one of the participants in John Greyson's experimental short documentary film International Dawn Chorus Day. Exhibitions
He had his first solo institutional exhibition outside of General Idea in 2000 at the Vienna Secession in Austria, followed closely by a solo exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago (2001), a solo exhibition at the MIT List Visual Arts Center, Cambridge (2002), and another at The Power Plant in Toronto (2003) and the Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, Vancouver (2004). He was featured in the Montreal and Whitney Biennials (2000 and 2002). With his partner, Mark Jan Krayenhoff van de Leur, he was one of three finalists in a public competition for a monument to homosexuals persecuted by the Nazis, for the city of Vienna, Austria.In 2010, a Bronson aforementioned Felix, June 5, 1994 appeared in the Hide/Seek exhibit at the United States' National Portrait Gallery, but the artist sought to withdraw the work after the censorship controversy. The Bronson piece was on loan to the show "from the National Gallery of Canada. Marc Mayer, the director of the Canadian museum, urged the National Portrait Gallery to respect Mr. Bronson's wishes and remove the work but did not formally demand its return," and the National Portrait Gallery ultimately declined to remove the work. Bronson continues to exhibit regularly. Recent exhibitions of note include The Temptation of AA Bronson at Witte de With Center for Contemporary Art Rotterdam (2013), a kind of experimental solo show which mapped Bronson's various lifelong influences and current collaborations with younger artists. In 2015, he had twin shows at the Salzburger and Grazer Kunstvereins, for which he, in collaboration with his partner Krayenhoff van de Leur and artist Adrian Hermanides, created a massive tent structure called Folly (Lana's Boudoir), which was subsequently featured in Art Basel's Unlimited exhibition in 2016. Curating
AA Bronson has also curated exhibitions.In the late 1970s, he curated a series of exhibitions at A Space, Toronto, including an exhibition of the multiples of Joseph Beuys. In 1984 he was co-curator of Evidence of the Avant-Garde..., Art Metropole, Toronto, a survey of artists' books, multiples, and ephemera. In 1987 he curated From Sea to Shining Sea for the Power Plant, Toronto, a history of artist-directed activity in Canada from the post-war period to 1986. In 1991 he curated Learn to Read Art, an exhibition of 287 artists' books and multiples from the permanent collection of Art Metropole presented at the Art Basel, Basel, Switzerland. In the mid-nineties he curated a series of exhibitions for Art Metropole, including Intermedia, a look at Canada's first artist-run center. More recently, as Director of Printed Matter, Inc., New York, he has curated exhibitions related to artists' publishing, notably "I will not make any more boring art", an exhibition of books, prints and ephemera from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design, Halifax. His exhibition, again titled Learn to Read Art, a history of Printed Matter Inc. with more than 300 publications, editions, and posters, was presented at the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Castilla y Leon (Seville, Spain), Badischer Kunstverein (Karlsruhe, Germany), and at MoMA PS1 in 2009.<mask> has been deeply involved with publishing, promoting publishing activity as a primary artistic form. In 1979 he co-edited Performance by Artists with Peggy Gale for Art Metropole, Toronto. In 1983 they co-edited another resource publication, Museums by Artists,  Art Metropole. In 1987 the Power Plant catalogue Sea to Shining Sea attempted to construct a history since the post-war period of artist-initiated activity in Canada, including the formation of the artist-run centers. He also published artists' books for Art Metropole by Jeff Wall, Colin Campbell, Lisa Steele, Hamish Fulton, Hans Haacke, and others, as well as conceiving the series Little Cockroach Press, of which he edited the first few issues. As director and president of Printed Matter, he has published many books, including titles by Scott Treleaven, Terence Koh, Tauba Auerbach, Martha Rosler and Temporary Services (Chicago). AA Bronson has written widely, including texts for FILE Megazine, and General Idea publications, as well as essays for art magazines and catalogues.He has published numerous artist books and projects under his own imprint, Media Guru. His own memoir, Negative Thoughts, was published by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in 2001. Collections and awards
<mask>ronson's solo work is in the collections of the National Gallery of Canada (Ottawa), The Whitney Museum (New York), the Jewish Museum (New York), the Agnes Etherington Art Centre (Kingston), and private collections. <mask> Bronson has been awarded the Skowhegan Award (2006), the Governor General's Visual Arts and Media Award (2002), the Bell Award in Video Art (2001), and a Chalmers Fellowship (2003). Other awards include The Gershon Iskowitz Prize (1988), The Lifetime Achievement Award from the City of Toronto (1993), the Banff Centre for the Arts National Award (1993), and the Jean A. Chalmers Award for Visual Arts (1994). He is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. He has received honorary doctorates from NSCAD University, Halifax, Canada; Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; and McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada..In 2008, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2011, he was named a Chevalier de l'ordre des arts et lettres (Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) by Frédéric Mitterrand, Minister of Culture and Communications for France, at a ceremony held at the home of the Canadian ambassador to France in Paris. In 2014, The Temptation of AA Bronson won the AICA Netherlands award for best exhibition. References

External links
Composed: Identity, Politics, Sex An exhibition at The Jewish Museum, NY featuring <mask> Bronson. AA Bronson Official website
 AA Bronson artist talk on the history of Printed Matter. Concordia University Honorary Degree Citation, November 2009, Concordia University Records Management and Archives
 AA Bronson Studio Visit on Berlin Art Link

Living people
1946 births
Canadian performance artists
LGBT artists from Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Gay artists
Canadian mixed media artists
Canadian art curators
Artists from Vancouver
Artists from Ontario
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Canadian conceptual artists
Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts winners
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Canadian contemporary artists
21st-century LGBT people

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