title: Ray Hyman

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<mask> (born June 23, 1928) is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, and a noted critic of parapsychology. <mask>, along with James Randi, Martin Gardner and Paul Kurtz, is one of the founders of the modern skeptical movement. He is the founder and leader of the Skeptic's Toolbox. <mask> serves on the Executive Council for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. <mask> was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts. In his teenage years and later while attending Boston University, he worked as a magician and mentalist, impressing the head of his department (among others) with his palmistry. Hyman at one point believed that 'reading' the lines on a person's palm could provide insights into their nature, but later discovered that the person's reaction to the reading had little to do with the actual lines on the palm.This fascination with why this happened led him to switch from a journalist degree to psychology. JREF president D.J. Grothe asked <mask> "How does a young psychology student get into this parapsychology racket ... why you?" <mask> replied that it began when he was hired as a magician at age 7 (as the "Merry Mystic") performing for the Parents and Teachers Association at his school. This led him to read all about Harry Houdini and his work with spiritualists. By the age of 16 he started investigating spiritualist meetings. Thinking back to age 7, "I can't ever remember not being a skeptic".Magicians who perform mentalism debate among themselves about using a disclaimer. The disclaimer is supposed to inform the audience that what they are witnessing is entertainment, and is not based on actual paranormal powers. In an interview with mentalist Mark Edward, Edward asked <mask> if he had ever used a disclaimer during the six years when he performed professionally as a mentalist. <mask> told him he did not remember explicitly using a disclaimer. He remembered always beginning the performance by stating that he did not claim any special powers. He was an entertainer and he hoped they would enjoy the show. After he became a psychologist, he realized that this was an example of the "invited inference."By openly stating that he made no claims about the nature of his ability, <mask> had given his audience no reason to challenge him. Indeed, he had invited the onlookers to make their own inferences about the source of the apparent feats of mind reading. Most of them concluded he was truly psychic. He obtained a doctorate in psychology from Johns Hopkins University in 1953, and then taught at Harvard for five years. He also became an expert in statistical methods. In 2007 <mask> received an honorary doctorate from the Simon Fraser University for his "intellect and discipline who inspire others to follow in his footsteps... (and) for his courageous advocacy of unfettered skeptical inquiry". In 1982, <mask> held the "Spook Chair" for one year at Stanford University during a sabbatical from the University of Oregon.What the Stanford University psychologists informally call the "Spook" chair is officially known as The Thomas Welton Stanford Chair for Psychical Research. Thomas Welton was the brother of Stanford's founder, Leland Stanford. Along with other notable skeptics like James Randi, Martin Gardner, Marcello Truzzi and Paul Kurtz, he was a founding member of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) (which is now known as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI)), which publishes the Skeptical Inquirer. He also developed a style guide and etiquette manual to assist skeptical writers and critics. This is called "Hyman's Proper Criticism" and proposes six steps that skeptics can use to upgrade the quality of their criticism. Aside from his scholarly publications and consultation with the U.S. Department of Defense in scrutinizing psychic research, one of his most popular articles is thirteen points to help you "amaze your friends with your new found psychic powers! ", a guide to cold reading.According to Jim Alcock, "His article on cold reading, so Paul Kurtz informs me, has generated more requests for reprints than any other article in the history of the Skeptical Inquirer". The guide exploits what fascinated him in his academic research in cognitive psychology, that much deception is self-deception. He has investigated dowsing in the United States and written a book on the subject. He is one of the foremost skeptical experts on the Ganzfeld experiment. According to Bob Carroll, psychologist <mask> is considered to be the foremost expert on subjective validation and cold reading. <mask>'s prestidigitational skills (which he calls "manipulating perception") have earned him the cover of The Linking Ring twice, June 1952 and October 1986 this magazine of the International Brotherhood of Magicians of which he has been a member for over 35 years. <mask> retired in 1998 but continues to give talks and investigate paranormal claims.In July 2009 he appeared at  The Amaz!ng Meeting 7 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Also in 2011, TAM 9 From Outer Space and TAM 2012. He is working on two books: How Smart People Go Wrong: Cognition and Human Error and Parapsychology's Achilles' Heel: Consistent Inconsistency. On October 9, 2010, the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry announced <mask> (and others) as a part of their policy-making Executive Council, he will also serve on Skeptical Inquirer's magazine board. History of skeptical movement
In the 2010 D.J. Grothe interview, <mask> states that the formation of the skeptic movement can be attributed to Uri Geller and Alice Cooper. Randi was touring with Cooper as a part of the stage show, Cooper asked Randi to invite <mask> to a show in order to ask his advice about the audience.While there, "Randi pulled me aside and said... we really ought to do something about this Uri Geller business... lets form an organization called SIR" (Sanity In Research). In 1972 joined by Martin Gardner they had their first meeting. The three of them felt they had no administration experience, "we just had good ideas" and were soon joined by Marcello Truzzi who provided structure for the group. Truzzi involved Paul Kurtz and they then formed CSICOP in 1976. In an interview in 2009 with Derek Colanduno for the Skepticality podcast, <mask> was asked his opinion of the modern skeptical movement. <mask> responded that skeptics need to have goals and a way to measure them. They need to become a resource for the public, and focus on educating journalists and teachers."That way we will get more bang for our buck." On the current state of the skeptical movement, <mask> stated "The media, unfortunately has made it so we have many more believers." Less science teachers in the classrooms, major newspapers are firing their science writing staff, 24-hour news channels are trying to fill all that time and compete with Fox News. "Things are not good." Skeptic's Toolbox
<mask> in 1989 created the Skeptic's Toolbox to teach people how to be better skeptics. <mask> tells James Underdown that "we were putting out more fires by skeptics than by believers... they were going overboard". The first toolbox was in Buffalo, NY with himself, James Alcock and Steve Shaw now called Banachek.With the exception of one year when the toolbox was held in Boulder, CO the toolbox has been held at the University of Oregon in Eugene. The Skeptic's Toolbox originally spanned 5 days. Later it was cut back to 4 days. Speaking to a reporter from The Register-Guard <mask> explains that people come from all over the country to attend the 4-day conference, to hone their critical thinking skills. <mask> is curious about why people who believe in paranormal claims without evidence continue to do so: "'I just want to understand how people get to believe some things... Magic is a perfect example of how people can be fooled'" and it works the same way with paranormal claims. <mask> felt that it was necessary to teach attendees with a "case-based approach... concrete examples as a first step toward extracting broad examples... (giving) the benefit of context" to the learning experience. This approach differs from that of a traditional conference: he has attendees use hands-on participation, splitting them into teams so they are able to spend quality time discussing the readings and lectures.At the 2014 Toolbox, <mask> used Oskar Pfungst’s investigation of Clever Hans as an example of how detailed and exhaustive some investigators are in studying claims. Hick-<mask> <mask> published his "classic paper showing that human choice reaction time is related to the information content of an incoming signal" called the Hick-Hyman Law. This helped to lay the groundwork "for the shift from behavioral psychology... to the era of cognitive psychology." This was <mask>'s second published paper, and submitted while still a grad student. He states that Hick used a different formula and got his "math wrong, which I corrected" but they still named the law after him because <mask> was "just a student". Sometimes called Hick's Law (mainly in Britain), in America it is more often referred to as the Hick-Hyman Law. Remote viewing review
Along with Jessica Utts, he conducted a review of CIA remote viewing experiments in 1995.He noted that the experiments "appear to be free of the more obvious and better known flaws that can invalidate the results of parapsychological investigations" and that there are significant effect sizes "too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes." However, he stops short of "concluding that the existence of anomalous cognition has been established." Ganzfeld experiments
While working at Stanford University and serving as the "Spook Chair'" <mask> decided that he would never be able to read all the literature concerning parapsychology that existed in the 1980s. He then asked parapsychologists "What is the best evidence for psi?" they nearly universally pointed to the Ganzfeld experiment. <mask> wrote to Charles Honorton and was sent 600 pages of information. Three years later <mask>'s analysis led to the 1985 issue of the Journal of Parapsychology publishing <mask>'s critiques.<mask>'s conclusion "By themselves these experiments do not mean anything unless they can be replicated". In 2007, <mask> noted that the ganzfeld experiments had not been successfully replicated and suggested there was evidence that sensory leakage had taken place in the autoganzfeld experiments. Uri Geller and Stanford Research Institute
Magician Jerry Andrus and <mask> appeared in 1975 on a TV station in Portland, Oregon, where they explained and duplicated the "paranormal" tricks Geller had performed for host Dick Klinger the week prior. Klinger asked, "Does Uri Geller have any supernatural powers?" Andrus gave the short answer "No." <mask> stated, "(Geller) is an opportunist... which is why it is difficult to duplicate him, he himself cannot duplicate himself. He's always ready to do something... he is going to do something when you think he is doing something else... misdirection... he's excellent at it, he's superb."In 1972 <mask> was asked by The Department of Defense to investigate psychic Uri Geller. <mask> was intrigued by a story that Geller had taken a ring from one of the scientists, set it on a table, and without touching it, the ring stood on end, broke in half and formed itself into a S-shape. Upon questioning all the scientists at the lab, <mask> discovered that no one had actually seen this happen, but had heard stories from others (who could not be tracked down) that it had happened." <mask> continued to question the scientists and discovered that no one had ever seen Geller bend anything without touching it. In fact "Geller was allowed to take the object into the bathroom... and then come back with the bent object, they took his word for it." "The parapsychologist (also sent to investigate) 'saw a psychic,' and I reported back that I saw only a charismatic fraud." When asked to explain further why people believe in Geller when a magician can do the same thing without paranormal powers, <mask> states, "He's a fraud, but you can't blame people for believing him.Geller is a product of a wonderful public relations campaign... What the audience gets is only one side of the story... He has been caught cheating many times" but people still believe. Speaking as a psychologist <mask> says "If you get people in the right frame of mind and they are cooperating with you... and even give them a poor reading... they will fit it to themselves and believe you are telling them about their unique personality." Gary Schwartz
Gary Schwartz conducted numerous experiments at his laboratory at the University of Arizona where he is a tenured professor. Schwartz believes that he has proven the dead communicate with the living through human mediums. <mask> details many methodological errors with Schwartz's research including; "Inappropriate control comparisons", "Failure to use double-blind procedures", "Creating non-falsifiable outcomes by reinterpreting failures as successes" and "Failure to independently check on facts the sitters endorsed as true". <mask> wrote "Even if the research program were not compromised by these defects, the claims being made would require replication by independent investigators."<mask> criticizes Schwartz's decision to publish his results without gathering "evidence for their hypothesis that would meet generally accepted scientific criteria... they have lost credibility." There have been many follow-up exchanges between Schwartz and <mask> over the Afterlife Experiments conducted by Schwartz. Published May 2003, Schwartz responded that <mask> ignored "the total body of research." Schwartz takes issue with <mask>'s opinion that he (<mask>) will not believe in psi. <mask> answered, "Until multiple perfect experiments are performed and published... believe that the totality of the findings must be due to some combination of fraud, cold reading, rater bias, experimenter error, or chance... Why spend the time and money conducting multiple multi-center, double-blind experiments unless there are sufficient theoretical, experimental, and social reasons for doing so?" Proper Criticism

<mask> wrote a brief guide called Proper Criticism directed at critics of paranormal claims. It has widely been dispersed among Skeptics working in the public eye, including the editorial staff at Skeptical Inquirer.It is also featured in his book The Elusive Quarry. Proper Criticism gives eight suggestions for approaching criticism thoughtfully in a way that is "both effective and responsible"

1. Be prepared: have responses prepared for commonly asked questions about Skepticism

2. Clarify your objectives: assess your own intentions and determine your intended audience. <mask> warns against criticism motivated by bad intentions, such as attacking the claimant instead of the claim. 3. Do your homework: research to understand the claimant's argument

4.Do not go beyond your level of competence: admit what you do not know and consult experts when needed

5. Let the facts speak for themselves: if you have thoroughly prepared, let the audience reach the conclusion on their own

6. Be precise: use precise language, be as accurate as possible. While discussing Proper Criticism on the Squaring the Strange Podcast, Benjamin Radford expanded on this advice, "often times ambiguous or fuzzy words or concepts reveal ambiguous or fuzzy thinking and obfuscation"

7. Use the principle of charity: give the claimant the benefit of the doubt. Also on Squaring the Strange Podcast, Celestia Ward has called this the opposite of the Straw man fallacy, advising critics formulate responses to the strongest interpretation of the claimant's argument. 8.Avoid loaded words and sensationalism: instead, choose long term credibility

Awards
 In Praise of Reason Award, the highest honor from the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal in 2003. The award is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge. Other recipients of this award include Carl Sagan, Kendrick Frazier, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephen Jay Gould, Martin Gardner, and Nobel laureate physicist Leon Lederman. Co-recipient of the 2005 Robert P. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking, awarded by CSICOP. The award is rewarded to the author of "The published work that best exemplifies healthy skepticism, logical analysis or empirical science". The 2005 award was shared with authors Andrew Skolnick and Joe Nickell. <mask> received award for his article Testing Natasha published in the series Testing the Girl with the X-Ray Eyes in Skeptical Inquirer.Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa from Simon Fraser University in October 2007. Philip J. Klass Award for outstanding contributions in promoting critical thinking and scientific understanding for 2010, awarded by National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS). The Independent Investigation Group presented <mask> with the Houdini Hall of Honor award 2011. Books

Selected articles
How People Are Fooled by Ideomotor Action – Quackwatch.org
Proper Criticism – July/August 2001 – Skeptical Inquirer Magazine

References

External links
The Skeptic's Toolbox
 on dowsing, Nov. 19, 1997

1928 births
Living people
American magicians
American skeptics
Critics of alternative medicine
Critics of parapsychology
Anomalistic psychology
Boston University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Writers from Chelsea, Massachusetts
University of Oregon faculty
Dowsing

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title: Steven Horwitz

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. <mask> was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the Department of Economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. In 2017, he retired as the Dana Professor of Economics Emeritus at St. Lawrence University. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Ronald and <mask>. He was raised in Oak Park, Michigan, and graduated from Berkley High School in Berkley, Michigan, in 1981. He graduated cum laude with an A.B. in Economics and Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1985, where he was also active with several libertarian student groups and where he wrote and performed with the Sunday Funnies/Comedy Company sketch comedy group.He received his M.A. (1987) and Ph.D. (1990) in Economics from George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. At George Mason, he studied with Don Lavoie (who chaired his dissertation committee), George Selgin, Karen Vaughn, James M. Buchanan, Don Boudreaux, and Richard E. Wagner. Professional history
In 1989, <mask> joined the economics department of St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. In 1993, he was appointed the inaugural Flora Irene Eggleston Chair in Economics. He was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 1995 and to full professor in 2002. In 1999, he was awarded the annual Frank Piskor Lectureship, and in 2003 he was the recipient of the J. Calvin Keene award, which recognizes high standards of personal scholarship, effective teaching and moral concern.In 2007, Horwitz was elected by the faculty to one of six campus-wide Charles A. Dana Professorships. At St. Lawrence, Horwitz served as the Associate Dean of the First Year from 2001 to 2007, overseeing the university's First Year Program. He consulted with other schools on living-learning programs and on teaching research and communication skills to first-year students. He was also interim director of the Center for Teaching and Learning in 2003–04. In fall 2017, <mask> joined the Department of Economics at Ball State University as Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise. He was also the Director of the Institute for the Study of Political Economy. Horwitz was a long-time faculty member at the summer seminars of the Institute for Humane Studies and the Foundation for Economic Education.In summer 2007, he was a visiting scholar at the Social Philosophy and Policy Center at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio. Horwitz was a Senior Affiliated Scholar of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Arlington, Virginia, where he had conducted nationally recognized research on the role of Wal-Mart and the Coast Guard in the response to Hurricane Katrina. He was also a senior fellow of the Fraser Institute in Canada and had been a member of the Mont Pelerin Society since 1996. Horwitz was the 2020 recipient of the Julian L. Simon Memorial Award from the Competitive Enterprise Institute, honoring his work documenting human progress and the importance of liberal institutions. In 2019, he received the Prometheus Award for the Promotion of Economic Literacy from the Greek think tank KEFiM. Most of Horwitz's professional work was in the area of monetary theory and macroeconomics from an Austrian school perspective, with his 2000 book Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective best summarizing that work. He had also contributed to Austrian economics and the history of economic thought, as well as the social thought of F. A. Hayek.After that book, he explored the economics and social theory of the family, including his book Hayek's Modern Family: Classical Liberalism and the evolution of Social Institutions. His "Open Letter to My Friends on the Left" in September 2008 was a widely read libertarian analysis of the mortgage crisis and has been translated into five languages. He was a frequent op-ed contributor to major newspapers and appeared on numerous radio shows as well as TV appearances on Stossel, Freedom Watch, and Smerconish on CNN. Horwitz identified himself as a bleeding-heart libertarian and was a regular contributor to the Bleeding Heart Libertarians weblog. He also contributed to Coordination Problem. Personal life
Outside of his professional interests, <mask> was a huge fan of hockey, especially the Detroit Red Wings, and classic rock, especially the Canadian band Rush. He combined his hobby and his professional life by writing two scholarly articles on Rush in 2003.<mask> was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2017. He was public about his treatment process and engaged in educational and fundraising efforts for multiple myeloma research on social media and in interviews. He died on June 27, 2021. He was married to Sarah Skwire, a Senior Fellow and Director of Communications at Liberty Fund, and they resided in Fishers, Indiana, with her two daughters. He had two children, Andrew and Rachel, from a previous marriage. <mask> was Jewish. Books and monographs

 Monetary Evolution, Free Banking, and Economic Order, (Westview Press, 1992) .'Of Human Action but not Human Design': Liberalism in the Tradition of the Scottish Enlightenment, 1999 Annual Frank P. Piskor Lecture, (St. Lawrence University, 2000) ASIN: B0006RFQ0G. Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective, (Routledge, 2000) . Co-winner of the 2001 Smith Prize in Austrian Economics for the best contribution to Austrian economics published in the previous three years. Hayek's Modern Family:  Classical Liberalism and the Evolution of Social Institutions, (Palgrave, 2015)
 Austrian Economics: An Introduction, (Cato Institute, 2020) . Selected articles

As author or co-author
 In Natural Disasters, Companies Operate Like Neighbors, Wall Street Journal. "Beyond Equilibrium Economics:  Reflections on the Uniqueness of the Austrian Tradition," (with Peter J. Boettke and David L. Prychitko), Market Process, 4 (2), Fall 1986, pp. 6–9, 20-25."Competitive Currencies, Legal Restrictions, and the Origins of the Fed:  Some Evidence from the Panic of 1907," Southern Economic Journal, 56 (3), January 1990, pp. 639–49. "Monetary Exchange as an Extra-Linguistic Social Communication Process," Review of Social Economy, 50 (2), Summer 1992, pp. 193–214. "Money, Money Prices, and the Socialist Calculation Debate," Advances in Austrian Economics, 3, 1996, pp. 59–77. "Capital Theory, Inflation, and Deflation:  The Austrians and Monetary Disequilibrium Theory Compared," Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 18 (2), Fall 1996, pp.287–308. "Monetary Calculation and Mises's Critique of Planning," History of Political Economy, 30 (3), Fall 1998, pp. 427–50. "From The Sensory Order to the Liberal Order: Hayek's Non-rationalist Liberalism," Review of Austrian Economics, 13 (1), March 2000, pp. 23–40. "From Smith to Menger to Hayek: Liberalism in the Spontaneous Order Tradition," The Independent Review, 6 (1), Summer 2001, pp 81–97. "The Costs of Inflation Revisited," Review of Austrian Economics, 16 (1), March 2003, pp.77–95. "The Functions of the Family in the Great Society," Cambridge Journal of Economics, 29 (5), September 2005, pp. 669–84. "Heterogeneous Human Capital, Uncertainty, and the Structure of Plans: A Market Process Approach to Marriage and Divorce" (with Peter Lewin), Review of Austrian Economics, 21 (1), March 2008, pp. 1–21. "Making Hurricane Response More Effective: Lessons from the Private Sector and the Coast Guard During Katrina" Policy Comment #17, Mercatus Center, Washington, DC, March 19, 2008. "The Empirics of Austrian Economics" Cato Unbound, Cato, Washington, DC, September 5, 2012.References

External links
 Official website
 Economics videos
 <mask>'s bio at the Mercatus Center

1964 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American economists
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American economists
American economics writers
American libertarians
Austrian School economists
George Mason University alumni
George Mason University faculty
Jewish American writers
Mercatus Center
Writers from Detroit
People with multiple myeloma
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
American male non-fiction writers
Economists from Michigan
Deaths from multiple myeloma
21st-century American Jews

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title: Reggie Lewis

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Reginald C<mask> (November 21, 1965 – July 27, 1993) was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993. Early life
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, <mask> attended high school at Dunbar High School, where he played basketball alongside future NBA players Muggsy Bogues, David Wingate, and <mask>. The 1981–82 Dunbar Poets finished the season at 29–0 during <mask>' junior season and finished 31–0 during his senior season, and were ranked first in the nation by USA Today. College career
<mask> attended Northeastern University in Boston. Over his four years at Northeastern, <mask> scored 2,708 points, still the all-time record at the university. His Northeastern teams won the ECAC North all four seasons and played in the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament every year. The 1983–84 Huskies advanced to the second round of the NCAA Tournament, falling one point shy of the Sweet 16 when Rolando Lamb scored at the buzzer to lift VCU over the Huskies.His uniform number was retired and hangs in tribute in Matthews Arena (the home of Northeastern University's men's basketball team and the Celtics' original home arena in 1946). As a Celtic, he and his family lived in Dedham, Massachusetts. He was a second cousin of PJ Dozier, who wore the jersey number 35 as a member of the Oklahoma City Thunder in honor of <mask>. Professional career

Boston Celtics (1987–1993)
<mask> was drafted in the first round, 22nd overall, by the Boston Celtics in the 1987 NBA draft. The Celtics were looking to add some youth to the team, especially for the aging "Big 3" of Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, and Robert Parish. This need became more urgent after Len Bias, the 2nd overall pick in the 1986 NBA draft, died of a cocaine overdose. As a rookie, <mask> played sporadically, averaging 8.3 minutes per game under coach K. C. Jones.By his second season, thanks in part to a new coach (and an injury to Bird), <mask> averaged over 30 minutes and scored 18.5 points per game. <mask> was selected to play in his first and only NBA All-Star Game held in Orlando, Florida in 1992. He played 15 minutes, scoring 7 points and grabbing 4 rebounds. <mask> averaged 20.8 points in each of his last two seasons with the Celtics, and finished with a career average of 17.6 points per contest. His no. 35 jersey was retired by the Celtics, making him one of only two Celtics to have a retired number without winning a championship with the team, the other player being Ed Macauley. On April 29, 1993, in Game 1 of the Celtics' playoff series against the Charlotte Hornets, <mask> suddenly collapsed on the court and remained on the ground for several seconds.After he finally got up, he looked perplexed and dazed as he headed to the Celtics bench. <mask> returned briefly to the game but was eventually pulled due to dizziness and shortness of breath. He left the game having scored 17 points in 13 minutes of action in what turned out to be his final NBA game. The following day, <mask> checked into New England Baptist Hospital, where he underwent a series of tests by more than a dozen heart specialists, who the Celtics called their "dream team" of doctors. <mask> was diagnosed with "focal cardiomyopathy", a disease of the heart muscle that can cause irregular heartbeat and heart failure. <mask> was told his condition was most likely career-ending. However, he later sought a second opinion from Dr. Gilbert Mudge at Brigham and Women's Hospital, who diagnosed <mask> with neurocardiogenic syncope, a less serious non-fatal condition instead.As a result, <mask> began working out in preparation for returning for the 1994 season. Mudge was later cleared of any wrongdoing, and he insisted he had never authorized <mask> to resume workouts. Death
On July 27, 1993, during off-season practice at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, <mask> suffered sudden cardiac death on the basketball court at the age of 27 years old. James Crowley, a Brandeis University police officer who happened upon the gym on a routine patrol, and another Brandeis University police officer attempted to revive <mask> by using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but they were unsuccessful. <mask> is buried in an unmarked grave in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. His death was attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a structural heart defect that is the most common cause of death in young athletes. Aftermath
Following <mask>' death, questions were raised about whether he had used cocaine, and whether cocaine use had contributed to his death.The Wall Street Journal reported that physicians "suspected that cocaine killed Boston Celtics star <mask>...but they were thwarted by actions by his family and a 'dismissive' policy toward drugs by the NBA." The Journal added the following:

Whether Mr. <mask> died from a heart damaged by cocaine -- as many doctors suspected then and now -- cannot be definitively shown. What is evident: The official cause of death, a heart damaged by a common-cold virus, is a medically nonsensical finding by a coroner who was under intense pressure from the <mask> family to exclude any implication of drug use. The Boston Celtics responded by expressing sadness about the "vicious attack on <mask> and his family" and threatening "to file a $100 million lawsuit against the reporter, The Wall Street Journal and its parent company, Dow Jones and Co. Inc." Dr. Gilbert Mudge, a doctor who treated <mask>, was sued for malpractice in connection with <mask>' death; in written responses to questions from the attorneys for Donna Harris-<mask>, Mudge said that "16 days before <mask> collapsed from a heart attack in 1993, he acknowledged having used cocaine, but said he had stopped." On the other hand, the doctor who performed the autopsy on <mask> testified that the scarring on his heart was inconsistent with cocaine use, and other doctors reached the same conclusion though they "stopped short of saying he never used drugs." Also, <mask>'s heart tissue tested positive for adenovirus during his autopsy. After <mask>' death, the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center was opened in Roxbury, Boston.The center was funded partially by <mask> and has hosted major indoor track and field competitions, the Boston Indoor Games, home basketball games for Roxbury Community College, and Northeastern University track and field events. On March 22, 1995, the Boston Celtics retired <mask>' jersey. <mask> had worn the number 35 for his entire career. During the ceremony, former teammate Dee Brown made a speech while two other former teammates, Sherman Douglas and Xavier McDaniel, held up <mask>' framed jersey. <mask>' contract remained on the Celtics' salary cap for two full seasons after his death because at the time the NBA did not have a provision to void contracts in the event an active player died; NBA Commissioner David Stern said that the remaining NBA teams should approve an exemption for <mask>' contract but the rest of the league, many of whom had spent years or even decades losing to the Celtics on the court, said that they would do no such thing to help Boston. The rules have since been changed so that a similar case would result in a deceased player's contract being paid by league insurance.

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title: Luis Scott-Vargas

texts:
<mask> (born February 17, 1983), commonly known as LSV, is a professional Magic: the Gathering player from Oakland, California, USA, currently living in Denver, Colorado. His accomplishments include fifteen Grand Prix Top 8s (five wins among them) and ten Pro Tour Top 8s (one win among them). In 2013 he was inducted into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame. As well as being a prominent player of the game, LSV is also known for writing about the game. He was a writer for StarCityGames.com before becoming the editor and vice president for ChannelFireball.com, a Magic: The Gathering shop and strategy website. LSV still writes for Channelfireball but ended his tenure as editor in 2012 to work as game designer at Dire Wolf Digital, specifically on Eternal. Magic: The Gathering career
LSV first qualified for the Pro Tour in 2004 for Pro Tour San Diego and has been an active competitor in major Magic: the Gathering events since.LSV's breakout performance came at the 2006 US Nationals, where he won a play-off to take third place and earn a place on the US Nationals team with Paul Cheon and Benjamin Lundquist. The US Nationals team would finish 13th in the team competition at the 2006 World Championship. He went on to win US Nationals in 2007, leading a US Nationals team featuring Thomas Drake and Michael Bennett. The US National team finished in 25th place at the 2007 World Championship. He also won Grand Prix San Francisco that season, his first Grand Prix title. The 2008 season would bring even greater success for LSV. He made the Top 8 of Grand Prix Philadelphia before going on to make his first Pro Tour Top 8 at Pro Tour Berlin.LSV reached the finals of the Pro Tour where he defeated Matej Zatlkaj to win his first, and so far only, Pro Tour title. He would then continue his success by winning his second Grand Prix event at Grand Prix Atlanta. By the end of the year, LSV had amassed 58 Pro points, placing him in joint second place in the Player of the Year standings alongside Olivier Ruel. The 2009 season featured another strong set of results for LSV. He started the season by winning his third Grand Prix in as many years at Grand Prix Los Angeles. He then made his second career Pro Tour Top 8 at Pro Tour Kyoto. Once again, he reached the finals, but this time lost to Gabriel Nassif.He would round out his year with another Grand Prix Top 8 at Grand Prix Seattle. He finished in seventh place for the 2009 Player of the Year standings with 52 Pro Points. The 2010 season would be the first time since 2006 that LSV would not win a major event. However, despite not winning any events, LSV did manage to make a Grand Prix and a Pro Tour Top 8 at Grand Prix Sydney and Pro Tour San Diego. LSV currently holds the record for the longest undefeated run at a Pro Tour after going 16-0 at Pro Tour San Diego, before losing in the semifinals to eventual winner Simon Görtzen. For the second consecutive year, LSV placed seventh in the Player of the Year standings at the end of the season. The 2011 season was a very successful one for LSV.He won Grand Prix Kansas City and advanced to the Top 8 of US Nationals, Pro Tour Nagoya and the 2011 World Championship. This was the first time that LSV made the Top 8 two Pro Tour events in a single season, and the first time he made Top 8 of a World Championship. LSV only needed to win his quarterfinal match against Richard Bland at the World Championship to overtake Owen Turtenwald and win the Player of the Year title. He lost 2-3 to Bland, leading to Owen Turtenwald winning the Player of the Year title and LSV taking second place. Also in 2011, LSV was invited to take part in the third annual Magic Online Community Cup. The Community Cup is a special event held by Wizards of the Coast in which prominent members of the Magic Online community are invited to the Wizards of the Coast offices to play in a tournament against staff. LSV was picked for the Community Cup for his contribution to the community through draft videos and his articles and work for ChannelFireball.com.Ultimately, it was the Community Team that won the tournament defeating the Wizards Team and winning the Community Cup as well as a prize for the Magic Online community. From 2009–11, LSV was one of the most consistent players on the Pro Tour, with the highest median and average finish at Pro Tour events amongst high-ranked players. In the 2012 season, LSV made the Top 8 of Grand Prix Lincoln. His overall performance for the season also qualified him for the inaugural Magic Players Championship. LSV won a 2012 World Magic Cup Qualifier to earn a place on the United States national team, alongside national champion Brian Kibler, for the first World Magic Cup event. LSV first became eligible for the Magic Pro Tour Hall of Fame in 2013. LSV lead the 2013 ballot, receiving 95.63% of the vote, and thus was the first inductee in the Class of 2013.LSV was inducted into the Hall of Fame at Pro Tour Theros alongside Ben Stark and William Jensen. After his 2011 Worlds top 8 finish LSV experienced a drought of high-caliber Pro Tour finishes although he made it to the top 8 of several Grand Prix in that period. Eventually LSV managed another Top 8 at Pro Tour Oath of the Gatewatch in 2016 alongside two of his ChannelFireball teammates. In what was LSV's sixth Pro Tour Top 8 he lost to eventual champion Jiachen Tao in the semi-finals, ultimately finishing in third place. LSV followed this up with a top 8 at the next Pro Tour for Shadows Over Innistrad, piloting a BG Aristocrats deck for the standard portion of the event. He lost his quarter final match 3-1 to Shouta Yasooka. The next Pro Tour, for Eldritch Moon, led to LSV's third Pro Tour top 8 in a row, a feat accomplished only twice before (by Scott Johns and Jon Finkel) and not for nearly 18 years.Despite LSV's great success in the 2015-16 season, he decided to move to primarily doing coverage for the following season instead of playing. However, Wizards of the Coast has allowed him to defer the platinum status he had earned, and he has stated he intends to play on the Pro Tour again at some point in the future. Play style
LSV is known to favor control decks in Limited, and often comments on his love for drawn out games involving mana-intensive cards. In Constructed, Scott-Vargas has a preference for Combo and Control decks, but has been successful with a variety of different archetypes. When he won Pro Tour Berlin, he piloted an Elf tribal combo deck; he achieved his two Constructed Grand Prix wins with a blue-black control deck and a Storm combo deck; and his three most recent Pro Tour top eight finishes were all with aggressive decks, including a Naya (red-green-white) deck with which he went undefeated in the Swiss rounds of Pro Tour San Diego 2010, and an Eldrazi agro deck in 2016. Achievements

Team ChannelFireball
Team ChannelFireball is a team of professional Magic: The Gathering players, formed in 2010. The team is named after two Magic: the Gathering cards – Channel and Fireball, one of the most famous two-card combos from the early days of the game.Many of the members of the team write strategy articles for an eponymous website. LSV is considered to be the official leader of the team, as he is often responsible for organising the team meeting and practicing for events. Current and former Team Members

  <mask>-Vargas
  Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
  David Ochoa
  Josh Utter-Leyton
  Owen Turtenwald
  Conley Woods
  Ben Stark
  Brian Kibler
  Brad Nelson
  Matt Nass
  Tom Martell
  Eric Froehlich
  Shuhei Nakamura
  Martin Juza

  Lukas Blohon
  Gerry Thompson
   Shahar Shenhar
  Frank Karsten
  Kenji Tsumura
  Pat Cox
  Ben Lundquist
  Brock Parker
  Paul Rietzl
  Paul Cheon
  David Williams
  Ivan Floch
  Mike Sigrist

Pro Tour Achievements
Team ChannelFireball has had considerable success on the Pro Tour, putting at least one player in the Top 8 of every Pro Tour from Pro Tour San Diego 2010 to Pro Tour Dragon's Maze 2013, with the exception of Pro Tour Avacyn Restored. Eight of the sixteen players participating in the inaugural 2012 Magic Players Championship were members of Team ChannelFireball. Three members of Team ChannelFireball have won Player of the Year titles since the creation of the team: Brad Nelson (2010), though he left the team prior to winning the title; Owen Turtenwald (2011); and Josh Utter-Leyton (2013). Other Magic-related work
From 2006 to 2009, LSV wrote strategy articles for StarCityGames.com and AdventuresOn.com (now BlackBorder.com). In early 2009, he left both to help launch ChannelFireball.com.Among his work for the site, he's been known for his draft videos and set reviews as well as the Magic TV show. Since 2013, LSV has also been doing commentary at Pro Tours, in addition to the occasional Grand Prix. In 2015, LSV joined Marshall Sutcliffe as a cohost of the Limited Resources podcast, a popular podcast that focuses on the Sealed and Draft aspects of Magic. Personal life
LSV was born in Oakland, California to his parents Claudio and Penny. He has two brothers, Antonio and Miguel. He graduated from UC Davis in 2005. In May 2012, LSV announced that he would be moving to Denver, having acquired a job as a game designer there.On June 29, 2016, LSV and his then wife Geneva Sarcedo's first child was born. They named her Naya Scott Vargas Sarcedo, after the Magic nickname for the color combination of red, green, and white. On October 11, 2021, Gaby Spartz gave birth to LSV's son and second child, Santi. References

American Magic: The Gathering players
American people of Chilean descent
Living people
1983 births
People from Oakland, California
University of California, Davis alumni

masks:
Luis Scott Vargas
Luis Scott


title: Alexander Agricola

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>;  – 15 August 1506) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance writing in the Franco-Flemish style. A prominent member of the Grande chapelle, the Habsburg musical establishment, he was a renowned composer in the years around 1500, and his music was widely distributed throughout Europe. He composed music in all of the important sacred and secular styles of the time. Life
<mask> was the illegitimate son of Lijsbette Naps, a wealthy female merchant who lived in Ghent. He was probably born sometime in the late-1450s, and had a brother called Jan. A commemorative motet first published in 1538 gave his age as 60 at the time of his death in 1506, but that may be due to a medieval convention concerning the number 60. He may have received his musical training from the parish church of St Nicolas in Ghent, as his mother made a substantial donation to its musical establishment in 1467. In 1476 he is known to have been in Cambrai, in the Low Countries, where he was employed as a petit vicaire or singer from February to May.Most of his life he spent in posts in Italy, France and the Low Countries, though there are gaps where his activities are not known, and he seems to have left many of his posts without permission. <mask> was previously identified as the Alessandro d'Alemagna who served as a singer for Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan from 1471 to 1474, during the period when the Milanese chapel choir grew into one of the largest and most famous ensembles in Europe; Loyset Compère, Johannes Martini, Gaspar van Weerbeke, and several other composer-singers were also in Milan during those years. In 1474 Duke Galeazzo Maria wrote a letter of recommendation for a certain "<mask> Alamania" to Lorenzo de' Medici. That identification has since been questioned because the Milanese documents do not record the surname of this Alessandro d'Alemagna, and <mask> is from Flanders, not Germany. The earliest unambiguous references to <mask> remain the documents at Cambrai. For the long period from 1476 to 1491 nothing definite is known except that he spent part of the time in the French royal chapel, and he must have been building his reputation as a composer during this time, for he was much in demand in the 1490s, with France and Naples competing for his services. Between October 1st 1491 and June 1st 1492 Agricola served as part of the cathedral chapel in Florence.In April of 1492 Charles VIII of France wrote a letter to Pietro de Medici asking for the return of <mask>, which implies that he had been serving in the French royal chapel for an unknown duration beforehand. <mask> was briefly in Naples in June of 1492, although King Ferrante had to relinquish him at the request of Charles VIII. Ferrante tried to reacquire <mask> from Charles VIII during 1493, at one point offering him a salary of 300 ducats a year. However Ferrante's enthusiasm cooled during the rest of 1493 as the situation in Italy deteriorated (war broke out in the next year) and he told <mask> to not come to Naples. Despite this, <mask> seemed to have returned to Naples (now ruled by Ferrante's son Alfonso) in 1494, staying for some time between February and March. After this the paper trail for <mask> runs cold until the spring of 1500, when he took a position with Philip the Handsome, who was Duke of Burgundy and became King of Castile upon the death of his mother-in-law in 1504. <mask> accompanied Philip on his travels through his extensive lands, which included two trips to Spain in 1501 and 1506, passing through France during the first trip and England in the second.He served alongside fellow composer Pierre de la Rue, and was paid the same salary; he also received benefices in Gorinchem and Valenciennes Other composers present in Philip's chapel during this time includes Marbrianus de Orto and Antonius Divitis. By this time <mask> was one of the most esteemed composers in Europe. Petrucci brought out a collection of his masses in 1504, an honour accorded to few composers before him. His motet Si dedero survives in over thirty sources and both Obrecht and Divitis wrote masses based on it. Josquin paid homage to <mask> in his Missa Faisant regretz by borrowing the ostinato idea first used in his four voice Tout a par moy, which is in turn based on Frye's chanson. Works by <mask>, La Rue and Josquin make up the bulk of the choirbook B-Br MS 9126, which was prepared just before Philip's second trip to Spain. <mask> was still receiving his salary up until July 22nd of 1506, when the court was in Valladolid.However, his name is not included in the chapel payments in October which was authorised shortly after Philip's death. <mask>'s own death on August 15th, 1506 is confirmed by an epitaph found in a 16th century manuscript in Brussels, it reads: Epitaph. Here lies one whom death ensnared: a Ghenter, formerly called Master <mask>, well spoken of in music. Death dispatched him on 15 August 1506: God grant that he be comforted and seated among the righteous. Amen. Musical style

Related schools and composers

<mask> is one of the few transitional figures between the Burgundian School and the style of the Josquin generation of Netherlanders who actually wrote music in both styles. <mask>'s style is related to that of Johannes Ockeghem, especially early in his career, and towards the end of his life he was writing using the pervasive imitation characteristic of Josquin des Prez.While few of his works can be dated precisely, he does use many of the non-imitative, complex, rhythmically diverse contrapuntal procedures more often associated with Ockeghem. Unlike Ockeghem, however, he was willing to employ repetition, sequence, and florid imitation in the manner of the other composers who were working around 1500 when the technique became widespread. Genres

<mask> wrote masses, motets, motet-chansons, secular songs in the prevailing formes fixes such as rondeaux and bergerettes, other chansons, and instrumental music. Much of his instrumental music was based on secular music by Gilles Binchois or Ockeghem. Many of these pieces had become quite popular in the late 15th century. Compositional hallmarks

Above all the variants in his general musical style over his working life, <mask> himself wrote in a highly distinctive style, taking the mysteriously sinuous lines of Ockeghem as his point of departure. His music is often very busy and highly detailed, with repeated sequence, repetition of terse rhythmic and motivic units, and a desire to usurp the underlying pulse, sometimes seeming to border on the perverse, either by prolonging cadential figures to cadence on the "wrong" beat, or by shifting the metrical beat of some parts against others.As an example, the closing Agnus Dei of his unusually extended Missa 'In myne zin''' features the cantus firmus stated in equal notes of eleven minims duration each in first statement, followed by a statement of five minims duration each, or in the second Salve Regina setting, offsetting part of the statement of the cantus firmus by a quaver for its entire duration, in both cases with the other voices proceeding in a more strict quadruple meter above. Other "games" played in the music include posing puzzles of mode and musica ficta for the performers (e.g. the Kyrie of the Missa Le serviteur plays with the expectations of the very well known plainchant cantus firmus by setting up some knotty issues of the implied possibility of modal inflection with consistent extra flats.) The music is characteristically athletic in all voice parts, with the lower parts in particular featuring much that requires very fine singers, and not representing the normal simply harmonic function of the tenor-bass combinations used by most of his contemporaries. Often a highly elaborate set of quick motifs will spring unexpected from a previous slow-moving texture (e.g. the eruption of detailed duos beginning at Glorificamus te and climaxing at Adoramus te in the Gloria of the Missa in myne zin). His music was very highly regarded in its day, the very distinctive style leading to one contemporary commentator referring to it as "crazy", and another as "sublime".Other Agricolas
There are other composers named Agricola who are sometimes confused with <mask>:
 <mask> (1486–1556; famous mainly as a theorist and teacher)
 <mask> (1494–1566), German Protestant reformer and humanist
  (before 1560-1594)
 Wolfgang Christoph <mask> (c. 1600 – c. 1659)
 Johann Paul <mask> (1638 or 1639–1697)
 Georg Ludwig <mask> (1643–1676; also an important writer)
 Johann Friedrich <mask> (1720–1774; also a musicographer, organist and singing master)

 Notes

 References

 Edward R. Lerner, "<mask>." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ()
 Honey Meconi, Pierre de la Rue and Musical Life at the Habsburg-Burgundian Court''. Oxford, Oxford University Press.2003. External links

 Edition of the instrumental fantasias at Goldberg Stiftung
 Edition of the songs at Goldberg Stiftung

1450s births
1506 deaths
Musicians of the Habsburg Netherlands
15th-century Franco-Flemish composers
Musicians from Ghent
Renaissance composers
16th-century deaths from plague (disease)
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
16th-century Franco-Flemish composers

masks:
Alexander Agricola
Alexander Ackerman
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander de
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander
Martin Agricola
Johannes Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander Aricola


title: Jeremy Evans

texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1987) is an American professional basketball player for Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers before being drafted by the Utah Jazz in 2010. During his career, <mask> has also spent time with the Utah Jazz, the Dallas Mavericks, the Atlanta Hawks, and Khimki Moscow in Russia. In 2012, he was named the NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion. High school career
<mask> attended Crossett High School, where he helped the Eagles reach the state tournament each of his last two seasons. As a junior, he was named All-State, All-League, and was voted the County Player of the Year after Crossett High finished 17–10. As a senior, he averaged 25.6 points, 11.0 rebounds, and 4.0 blocks per game, earning All-State and All-Conference accolades.College career
<mask> played in college for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. As a senior, he averaged 10.0 ppg with a field goal percentage of .639. He is the Hilltoppers all-time leader in blocks with 224 and also a member of WKU's 1,000-point club with 1,065 career points, and he wrapped up his career with a 7.9 point-per game scoring average and an average of 5.9 rebounds per game. Professional career

Utah Jazz (2010–2015)

<mask> was drafted by the Utah Jazz with the 55th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft. On March 4, 2011, he was assigned to the Utah Flash. He was recalled on March 6. On February 22, 2012, <mask> was announced as a competitor in the 2012 Sprite NBA All-Star Weekend Slam Dunk Contest, replacing the injured Iman Shumpert of the New York Knicks.He dunked two basketballs in one dunk over teammate Gordon Hayward and won the contest with 29% of the votes. On July 11, 2012, <mask> re-signed with the Utah Jazz to a multi-year deal. On February 16, 2013, <mask> participated in another Slam Dunk Contest. In one of his dunks, he jumped over a painting of himself dunking, which he himself painted. He went on to lose to Terrence Ross. Dallas Mavericks (2015–2016)
On July 31, 2015, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Dallas Mavericks. He made his debut for the Mavericks in the team's season opener against the Phoenix Suns on October 28, recording 7 points and 6 rebounds in a 111–95 win.During his first year as a member of Mavericks, he had multiple assignments to the Texas Legends of the NBA Development League. On March 17, 2016, he was ruled out for the rest of the season after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to repair a torn labrum in his right shoulder. On July 7, 2016, <mask> was traded, along with cash considerations and the rights to Emir Preldžić, to the Indiana Pacers in exchange for the rights to Stanko Barać. On October 23, 2016, he was waived by the Pacers after appearing in two preseason games. Khimki (2016–2017)
On October 29, 2016, <mask> signed with Russian club BC Khimki for the rest of the 2016–17 season. Erie BayHawks (2017–2018)
On September 21, 2017, <mask> signed with the Atlanta Hawks. He was released on October 13 as one of the team’s final preseason roster cuts.Atlanta Hawks (2018)
On April 1, 2018, the Atlanta Hawks announced that they had signed <mask> to a 10-day contract. Darüşşafaka (2018–2019)
On August 21, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Darüşşafaka of the Turkish BSL and the EuroLeague. Second stint with Khimki (2019–2020)
On July 25, 2019, Khimki announced that they had brought back <mask>. Olimpia Milano (2021)
On February 24, 2021, <mask> signed with Olimpia Milano, competing only in EuroLeague games. He parted ways with the team on May 31. Panathinaikos (2021–present)
On August 21, 2021, <mask> signed with Greek club Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague, signing a one-year deal. The Basketball Tournament
In 2017, <mask> played for the Kentucky Kings of The Basketball Tournament.<mask> averaged 21.5 PPG and 13.0 RPG to help his team advance to the second round of the tournament. The Basketball Tournament is an annual $2 million winner-take-all tournament broadcast on ESPN. In TBT 2018, he played for Eberlein Drive. Eberlein Drive made it to the championship game, where they lost to Overseas Elite. An accomplished artist, <mask> had a sketch of CBS analyst Dan Bonner showcased on national television broadcast of the Hilltoppers’ second round battle with Gonzaga during the 2009 NCAA Tournament and some of his art was also displayed throughout the WKU athletic offices. He majored in interdisciplinary studies with a concentration in art. References

External links

 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers bio
 EuroLeague profile

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from Arkansas
BC Khimki players
Centers (basketball)
Dallas Mavericks players
Darüşşafaka Basketbol players
Erie BayHawks (2017–19) players
Olimpia Milano players
Panathinaikos B.C.players
People from Crossett, Arkansas
Power forwards (basketball)
Texas Legends players
Utah Flash players
Utah Jazz draft picks
Utah Jazz players
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Jeremy Deshawn Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans


title: David Harvey

texts:
<mask><mask>  (born 31 October 1935) is a British-born Marxist economic geographer, podcaster and Distinguished Professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He received his PhD in geography from the University of Cambridge in 1961. <mask> has authored many books and essays that have been prominent in the development of modern geography as a discipline. He is a proponent of the idea of the right to the city. In 2007, <mask> was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year, as established by counting citations from academic journals in the Thomson Reuters ISI database. Early life and education

<mask><mask> was born in 1935 in Gillingham, Kent. He attended Gillingham Grammar School for Boys and St John's College, Cambridge (for both his undergraduate and post-graduate studies).<mask>'s early work, beginning with his PhD (on hops production in 19th century Kent), was historical in nature, emerging from a regional-historical tradition of inquiry widely used at Cambridge and in Britain at that time. Historical inquiry runs through his later works (for example on Paris). <mask> resides in New York. He has a daughter, Delfina, born in January, 1990. Career

By the mid-1960s, <mask> followed trends in the social sciences to employ quantitative methods, contributing to spatial science and positivist theory. Roots of this work were visible while he was at Cambridge: the Department of Geography also housed Richard Chorley, and Peter Haggett. His Explanation in Geography (1969) was a landmark text in the methodology and philosophy of geography, applying principles drawn from the philosophy of science in general to the field of geographical knowledge.But after its publication <mask> moved on again, to become concerned with issues of social injustice and the nature of the capitalist system itself. He has never returned to embrace the arguments made in Explanation, but still he conforms to the critique of absolute space and exceptionalism in geography of the regional-historical tradition that he saw as an outcome of Kantian synthetic a priori knowledge. 1970s Growth of Marxist geography and urban geography

Moving from Bristol University to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in the US, he positioned himself centrally in the newly emerging field of radical and Marxist geography. Injustice, racism, and exploitation were visible in Baltimore, and activism around these issues was tangible in early 1970s East Coast, perhaps more so than in Britain. The journal Antipode was formed at Clark University; <mask> was one of the first contributors. The Boston Association of American Geographers meetings in 1971 were a landmark, with <mask> and others disrupting the traditional approach of their peers. In 1972, in a famous essay on ghetto formation, he argued for the creation of "revolutionary theory", theory "validated through revolutionary practice".Social Justice and the City (1973)

One of the most important subfields impacted by the rise of Marxist geography was in urban geography. <mask> established himself as the leader of this subfield with the publication of Social Justice and the City (1973). <mask> argued in this book that geography could not remain 'objective' in the face of urban poverty and associated ills. It makes a significant contribution to Marxian theory by arguing that capitalism annihilates space to ensure its own reproduction. 1980s consolidation of Marxist geography and materialist critique of postmodernism
Dialectical materialism has guided his subsequent work, notably the theoretically sophisticated Limits to Capital (1982), which furthers the radical geographical analysis of capitalism, and several books on urban processes and urban life have followed it. In ‘Limits to Capital’ <mask> expanded and innovated Marxist theory with respect to the functioning of money and finance, and the ‘spatial moment’ in the unfolding of capitalist crisis formation. The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), written while a Professor at Oxford, was a best-seller (the London The Independent named it as one of the fifty most important works of non-fiction to be published since 1945, and it is cited 30,000 times by 2017).It is a materialist critique of postmodern ideas and arguments, suggesting these actually emerge from contradictions within capitalism itself. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (1996) focuses on social and environmental justice (although its dialectical perspective has attracted the ire of some Greens). Spaces of Hope (2000) has a utopian theme and indulges in speculative thinking about how an alternative world might look. His study of Second Empire Paris and the events surrounding the Paris Commune in Paris, Capital of Modernity, is undoubtedly his most elaborated historical-geographical work. The onset of US military action since 2001 has provoked a blistering critique – in The New Imperialism (2003) he argues that the war in Iraq allows US neo-conservatives to divert attention from the failures of capitalism 'at home'. His next work, A Brief History of Neoliberalism (2005), provides an historical examination of the theory and divergent practices of neoliberalism since the mid-1970s. This work conceptualises the neoliberalised global political economy as a system that benefits few at the expense of many, and which has resulted in the (re)creation of class distinction through what <mask> calls "accumulation by dispossession".His book The Enigma of Capital (2010) takes a long view of the contemporary economic crisis. <mask> explains how capitalism came to dominate the world and why it resulted in the financial crisis. He describes that the essence of capitalism is its amorality and lawlessness and to talk of a regulated, ethical capitalism is to make a fundamental error. A series of events linked to this book across London academic forums, such as the LSE, proved hugely popular and sparked a new interest in <mask>'s work. <mask> returned to Johns Hopkins from Oxford in 1993, but spent increasing time elsewhere as a speaker and visitor, notably as a salaried Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics in the late 1990s. In 1996, he delivered the Ellen Churchill Semple lecture at UK Geography. He moved to the City University of New York in 2001 as a Distinguished Professor, now residing in its Department of Anthropology.He has spent most of his academic career in Anglo-America, with brief sojourns in France and a range of foreign visiting appointments (currently as acting Advisory Professor at Tongji University in Shanghai). He has supervised many PhD students. Several of these, such as Neil Smith, Richard Walker, Erik Swyngedouw, Michael Johns, Maarten Hajer, Patrick Bond, Melissa Wright, and Greg Ruiters now hold or held important academic positions themselves. In 2013 <mask> was asked by the Republic of Ecuador to help set up the National Strategic Center for the Right to the Territory (CENEDET), which he directed with the urbanist Miguel Robles-Durán until its alleged forced closure in 2017. Critical response to <mask>'s work has been sustained. In the early years, there was competition between <mask> and proponents of quantitative and non-politicized geography, notably Brian Berry. A recent critical appraisal (Castree & Gregory, 2006) explores some critiques of <mask> in detail.Reading Marx's Capital
Two constants in <mask>'s life and work have been teaching a course on Marx's Capital and his support for student activism and community and labour movements (notably in Baltimore). His course was put into a YouTube lecture series, which gained immense popularity and resulted in two companion books for the two volumes of Marx's Capital. Recognition
<mask> is widely recognized as a foundational scholar in urban geography. <mask>'s books have been widely translated. He holds honorary doctorates from Roskilde (Denmark), Buenos Aires (Argentina), the Faculty of Social Sciences at Uppsala University (Sweden), Ohio State University (USA), Lund University (Sweden), the University of the Republic (Uruguay) and the University of Kent (UK). Among other awards he has received the Anders Retzius Gold Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Vautrin Lud International Prize in Geography (France). He was made a fellow of the British Academy in 1998, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007.He is a member of the Interim Committee for the emerging International Organization for a Participatory Society. Affiliated institutions
 B.A. (Hons) St Johns College, Cambridge, 1957
 PhD St Johns College, Cambridge, 1961. Post-doc, University of Uppsala, Sweden 1960–1961
 Lecturer, Geography, University of Bristol, UK (1961–1969)
 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, (1969–1973)
 Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University (1973–1987, and 1993–2001)
 Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography, University of Oxford (1987–1993)
 Distinguished Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, City University of New York (2001–present)

Bibliography

 Explanation in Geography (1969)
 Social Justice and the City (1973)
 The Limits to Capital (1982)
 The Urbanization of Capital (1985)
 Consciousness and the Urban Experience (1985)
 The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (1989)
 The Urban Experience (1989)
 Teresa Hayter, <mask> (eds.) (1994) The Factory and the City: The Story of the Cowley Automobile Workers in Oxford. Thomson Learning
 Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (1996)
 Megacities Lecture 4: Possible Urban Worlds, Twynstra Gudde Management Consultants, Amersfoort, The Netherlands, (2000)
 Spaces of Hope (2000)
 Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography (2001)
 The New Imperialism (2003)
 Paris, Capital of Modernity (2003)
 A Brief History of Neoliberalism (2005)
 Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development (2006)
 The Limits to Capital New Edition (2006)
 The Communist Manifesto- New Introduction Pluto Press (2008)
 Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom (2009)
 Social Justice and the City: Revised Edition (2009)
 A Companion to Marx's Capital (2010)
 The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism (2010 Profile Books)
 Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution (2012)
 A Companion to Marx's Capital, Volume 2 (2013)
 Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism (2014)
 The Ways of the World (2016)
 Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason (2017)
 The Anti-Capitalist Chronicles (2020)

Articles, lectures and interviews
 Harvey, D. 2000.Possible Urban Worlds. The Fourth Megacities Lecture. The Hague. Merrifield, A. 2002. <mask>: The Geopolitics of Urbanization. In Metromarxism: A Marxist Tale of the City.New York: Routledge. <mask>, D. 2002. Chapter in Geographical Voices: Fourteen Autobiographical Essays. Ed. p Gould and FR Pitts. Syracuse University Press. <mask>, D. and Kreisler, H. 2004.A Geographer's Perspective on the New American Imperialism. Conversations with History. Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. audio video
 Castree, N. 2004. <mask>. In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, eds. Hubbard, Kitchin, Valentine.Sage Pubs. Castree, N., Essletzbichler, J., Brenner, N. 2004. "Symposium: <mask>'s 'The Limits to Capital': Two Decades On." Antipode 36(3):400–549. <mask>, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. University of Chicago Center for International Studies Beyond the Headlines Series.26 October 2005. audio
 <mask>, D. and Choonara, J. 2006. "A War Waged by the Wealthy", an interview in SR magazine covering <mask>'s account of neoliberalism and class. Jones, J.P. III, T.Mangieri, M.McCourt, S.Moore, K.Park, M.Pryce-Jones, K.Woodward. 2006. <mask> Live. New York: Continuum.Castree, N. and Gregory, D. 2006. <mask>: a Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell. Trevor Barnes chapter
 <mask>, D. 2006. Neoliberalism and the City. Middlebury College, Rohatyn Center for International Affairs Symposium, "Urban Landscapes: The Politics of Expression". 29 September 2006. audio video
 Ashman, S. 2006."Symposium: On <mask>'s 'The New Imperialism'." Historical Materialism 14(4): 3–166. Lilley, S. 2006 On Neoliberalism: An Interview with <mask> MR Zine 19 June 2006. <mask>, D. 2006. Neoliberalism and the City. 22nd Annual University of Pennsylvania Urban Studies Public Lecture. 2 November 2006. audio
 <mask>, D. 2007.The Neoliberal City. Lecture at Dickinson College, sponsored by the Clarke Forum for Contemporary Issues. 1 Feb 2007. audio video
 <mask>, D., Arrighi, G., Andreas, J., 2008. Symposium on Giovanni Arrighi's Adam Smith in Beijing. 5 March 2008. Red Emma's of Baltimore. video
 A Conversation With <mask>
 <mask>, D. 2008 Reading Marx's Capital An open course consisting of a close reading of the text of Marx's Capital Volume I in 13 video lectures by <mask>.Escobar, P., 2008 The State of Empire: Pepe Escobar talks to <mask> The Real News Network 19 August 2008. Schouten, P., 2008 Theory Talk #20: <mask> on the Geography of Capitalism, Understanding Cities as Polities and Shifting Imperialisms Theory Talks 9 October 2008. <mask>, D. 2008 The Right to the City, 'New Left Review', October 2008
 <mask>, D. 2008. The Enigma of Capital. A lecture at City University of New York Graduate Center on 14 November 2008 audio
 <mask>, D. 2008. A Financial Katrina – Remarks on the Crisis. A lecture at City University of New York Graduate Center on 29 October 2008 audio
 <mask>, D. 2009.Why the U.S. Stimulus Package is Bound To Fail. 12 January 2009. <mask>, D. 2009. Reshaping Economic Geography: The World Development Report 2009 Development and Change. Institute of Social Studies, The Hague. 15 December 2009.<mask>, D. 2009. Organizing for the Anti-Capitalist Transition. Draws heavily on his forthcoming [April 2010] book,The Enigma of Capital. 16 December 2009. <mask>, D. 2010. The Crises of Capitalism Lecture given at the RSA, London. Provides a concise overview of the argument presented in The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism.Includes question and answer session after lecture. 26 April 2010. <mask>, D. 2010. The Crises of Capitalism (abridged and animated)  Animated (and abridged) version of 2010 RSA Lecture above. Concise and humorous introduction to <mask>'s thought on the 2007–08 economic crisis. 28 June 2010. <mask>, D. et al.2011. Territorial Justice, Human Flourishing and Geographical Strategies of Liberation, Justice spatiale | Spatial Justice. Oudenampsen, Robles-Durán, Miguel. 2011 Mobility, Crisis, Utopia An Interview with <mask>. <mask>, D. 2013. Focaal Interview Interviewed by Zoltan Gluck for Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology. 12 December 2013.<mask>, D. 2014. The 17 Contradictions of Capitalism, London School of Economics and Political Science. <mask>, D and Panitch, Leo. Beyond Impossible Reform and Improbable Revolution. Jacobin. 1 January 2015. <mask>, D. 2018.White Mirror Interviewed by Jeremy Scahill on Intercepted podcast. The Intercept. 17 January 2018. Segment begins at 1:16:00. References

External links

 CUNY Graduate Center Anthropology Faculty Page
 davidharvey.org Official Site. Currently "Reading Marx's Capital with <mask>" open course. Books by <mask> on WorldCat
 <mask> on Rebel Cities, Occupy Wall Street, and the Benefits of Class Struggle on Democracy Now!1935 births
Academics of the London School of Economics
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
American geographers
Anti-imperialism
British anti-capitalists
British geographers
British Marxists
City University of New York faculty
Graduate Center, CUNY faculty
Academics of the University of Bristol
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the British Academy
Living people
Marxist theorists
Marxist writers
People from Gillingham, Kent
Recipients of the Vautrin Lud International Geography Prize
Urban theorists
Writers about globalization
Halford Mackinder Professors of Geography
Human geographers
British expatriate academics in the United States

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title: Gertrud Luckner

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<mask> in 1966. Early life and education
Born Jane Hartmann in Liverpool, England on 26 September 1900, to Robert Hartman, a marine engineer, and his wife <mask> (née Miller). The family lived at 116 Salisbury Road, Wavertree, Liverpool. Her parents were from Germany and returned there when she was still a young child.She had no siblings and was orphaned in early childhood. At the age of seven she was sent to foster parents, who changed her name to <mask> <mask>. In the 1920s, she returned to England to study at Woodbrooke, the Quaker college in Birmingham. During the holidays she worked in the slums as a hospital almoner. She also studied at Konigsberg and at the universities of Frankfurt and Freiburg, where she obtained her doctorate in 1938. Her dissertation was on “Self-help Among the Unemployed in England and in Wales Based on English History of Ideas and Economics.”

Social work and resistance to Nazism
Upon the death of her adoptive parents, <mask> moved to Freiburg. A pacifist, she joined the German Catholics' Peace Association.When the Nazis came to power in 1933, she worked freelance with the Catholic aid organisation Caritas, in Freiburg, where she arranged exit opportunities for Jews. Under the direction of Caritas President Benedict Kreutz, Caritas expanded its activities. Raised a Quaker, in 1934 she was received into the Roman Catholic Church. Each week she collected the foreign newspapers discarded by the university library in order to read the news that was not being reported in German papers. Among German Catholic laity, <mask> was among the first to sense the genocidal inclinations of the Hitler regime and to attempt national action. After Kristallnacht, on the night of 9 November 1938, when Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes were burned all over Germany, <mask> cycled round Freiburg, visiting Jewish neighbours in friendship and solidarity. Luckner began to work full-time at the head office of the German Association of Catholic Charitable Organizations, “Caritas.” Using international contacts, she secured safe passage abroad for many refugees.She organized aid circles for Jews, assisted many to escape, sent food parcels and clothing to internees, founded addresses where Jews could hide and worked with the priests Bernhard Lichtenberg and Alfred Delp. Before the transportation of Jews to concentration camps began, many of them were sent to work long hours in factories. However,
Jews were only allowed to go to the shops between four and six in the afternoon. This meant that buying food became difficult. <mask> organised some of her women friends to do the shopping for these Jewish families. Following the outbreak of World War II, <mask> organized, with the support of Archbishop Conrad Gröber of Freiburg, and the protection of Benedikt Kreutz, an "Office for Religious War Relief" (Kirchliche Kriegshilfsstelle) under the auspices of Caritas. The office became the instrument through which Freiburg Catholics helped racially persecuted “non-Aryans” (both Jews and Christians).In December 1941, Luckner was given a special power of attorney from Freiburg Archbishop Conrad Grober, who entrusted with tasks in the extraordinary pastoral care for so-called 'non-Aryan Catholics'. Travelling constantly, Luckner attempted to establish a national underground network through Caritas cells, providing financial support to individuals and Jewish religious communities. This relief effort was driven using funds received from the archbishop to smuggle Jews to Switzerland and to communicate the conditions for Jews to the outside world, remaining in contact with Leo Baeck, the leader of the Reich Union of the Jews in Germany, until his arrest in early 1943. She personally investigated the fate of the Jews being transported to the East and managed to obtain information on prisoners in concentration camps, and obtain clothing, food and money for forced labourers and prisoners of war. Arrest
The Gestapo had been monitoring the mail of Caritas since 1933 and had informants among church employees. In January 1943, Luckner was under constant surveillance. On 24 March 1943, she was arrested as a 'Catholic activist and fanatical opponent of National Socialism' on the D-train on the way from Freiburg to Berlin just before she could transfer funds destined for the last Jews of Berlin.After nine weeks of interrogation at different locations, she was sent as a political prisoner in "protective custody" to Ravensbrück concentration camp. Post war
After the war, she returned to social work, assisting the victims of persecution and dedicated herself to Jewish-Christian understanding, visiting Israel in 1951. She established a journal, Freiburger Rundbrief (Freiburg Circular) in 1948, which she used to promote the cause. On 15 February 1966, she was recognised as Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem. She remained active in the cause until her death, in Freiburg on 31 August 1995. Legacy

The German Caritas Association established the Gertrud Luckner Prize to promote social work and scientific examination of tasks and activities of voluntary welfare organizations. In spring 2007, the readers of the Badische Zeitung, choose <mask> <mask> as the most significant person from Freiburg.The Gertrud-Luckner-Realschule in located in Rheinfelden, Switzerland. Gertrud-Luckner-Gewerbeschule is in Freiburg. See also
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany
 Margarete Sommer

References

1900 births
1995 deaths
English people of German descent
Former Quakers
German Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Quakerism
German Righteous Among the Nations
People from Liverpool
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Roman Catholics in the German Resistance
German adoptees
20th-century Quakers

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title: Jay Williams (basketball)

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<mask> (born September 10, 1981) is an American former basketball player and television analyst. He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team and professionally for the Chicago Bulls in the NBA. He is married to Nikki Bonacorsi and is the father of one daughter, Amelia, and one son, Zane. Then known as <mask>, he won the 2001 NCAA Championship with Duke, and was named NABC Player of the Year in 2001 and 2002. He was drafted second overall in the 2002 NBA Draft by the Bulls. He asked to be called <mask> on joining the Bulls, to avoid confusion with two other players in the NBA at the time. His playing career was effectively ended by a motorcycle accident in 2003.He last signed with the Austin Toros of the NBA Development League, but was waived on December 30, 2006, due to lingering physical effects from his accident. Since retiring, he has worked as an analyst for ESPN, initially working on ESPN College Basketball. In 2019, however, <mask> was reassigned to the NBA full-time with his addition on ESPN's NBA Countdown program. High school
<mask> grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, and attended St. Joseph High School in Metuchen, graduating in 1999. He not only excelled at basketball, but took an active interest in other activities, most notably chess. His nickname in high school was "<mask>s." <mask> also played junior varsity soccer during his freshman year and was the state volleyball player of the year during his senior year.In basketball that year, <mask> was named a First Team All-State Player in New Jersey, the New Jersey Player of the Year, a Parade All-American, a USA Today first team All-American, and a McDonald's All-American, where he competed in the Slam Dunk Contest and the McDonald's All-American Game, scoring 20 points in the contest. In his last year of high school he averaged 19 points, 7.0 assists, 4.2 rebounds and 3.7 steals per game; he had started each of the 4 years he spent at St. Joseph, and set school records in total points (1,977) and steals (407). He was also named the recipient of the 1999 Morgan Wootten Award for his basketball achievements and his work in the classroom, where he maintained a 3.6 GPA. College career
At Duke, <mask>, a ,  point guard, became one of the few freshmen in school history to average double figures in scoring and was named ACC Rookie of the Year and National Freshman of the Year by The Sporting News, averaging 14.5 points, 6.5 assists and 4.2 rebounds per contest. He was also a first team Freshman All-American by Basketball Times. The next season <mask> started all 39 games and led the Devils to the 2001 NCAA National Championship, earning NABC Player of the Year honors. His 841 points broke Dick Groat's 49-year Duke record for points in a season, while he led all tournament scorers with a 25.7 points per game average.<mask> also set the NCAA Tournament record for three-pointers attempted (66), while also making 132 three-point field goals—good for the sixth-highest total in NCAA history. His 21.6 points per game led the ACC and made him the first Duke player since Danny Ferry (1989) to lead the league in scoring. His 6.1 assists were good for second in the league, while he also ranked second in three-point field goal percentage (.427) and first in three-pointers made (3.4 per game). <mask> was widely considered the best player in college basketball, earning both the prestigious Naismith Award and Wooden Award as College Basketball's Player of the Year in 2002. He graduated with a degree in Sociology in 2002, and left Duke with 2,079 points, good for sixth all-time, and with his jersey number 22 retired at Senior Day. He had 36 double-figure scoring games in a single season (tied for 5th-most in Duke history as of March 28, 2010, with Jon Scheyer, Shane Battier, and JJ Redick). In 2001–02, <mask>, Carlos Boozer, and Mike Dunleavy Jr. each scored at least 600 points for the season, a feat only matched at Duke by Jon Scheyer, Kyle Singler, and Nolan Smith in the 2009–10 season.<mask> (841) and Shane Battier (778) on the 2001 national championship team were one of only two Duke duos to each score over 700 points in a season, the other duo being Scheyer (728) and Singler (707) in the 2009–10 season. Professional career

Chicago Bulls (2002–2004)
<mask> was selected by the Chicago Bulls with the second overall pick in the 2002 NBA draft, after Yao Ming was selected by the Houston Rockets. <mask> was a starter in the Bulls' line-up for most of the 2002–03 NBA season. Although his performance was inconsistent and he competed for playing time with Jamal Crawford, he showed signs of promise, including posting a triple-double in a win over the New Jersey Nets. Motorcycle accident
On the night of June 19, 2003, <mask> was riding a motorcycle at a fast rate of speed on the North Side of Chicago. He crashed his Yamaha YZF-R6 motorcycle into a streetlight at the intersection of Belmont Avenue and Honore Street in the Roscoe Village neighborhood. <mask> was not wearing a helmet, nor was he licensed to ride a motorcycle in Illinois, and he was also violating the terms of his NBA Bulls contract by riding a motorcycle.<mask>' injuries included a fractured pelvis, a severed main nerve in his leg, and three torn ligaments in his left knee, including the ACL. He required lengthy physical therapy to regain the use of his leg. A week after the motorcycle crash the Bulls drafted point guard Kirk Hinrich. When it became clear <mask> would not be returning to the Bulls for a long time, if at all, because of his severe injuries, the Bulls had no choice but to waive him and drop him from the roster. This left the team without their top draft pick just from a year prior. Legally, the Bulls did not have to pay <mask> any remaining salary at all because his severe injuries occurred while he violated the terms of his contract by riding a motorcycle. However, the Bulls organization decided to give <mask> $3 million when they waived him so <mask> could use the funds toward his future rehabilitation expenses.<mask> apologized to the Bulls organization for violating the terms of his contract and severely injuring himself. He stated at the time that he would work hard in his physical rehabilitation so that he could make a return to the Bulls. But in his 2016 memoir, he mentioned that he became addicted to illegal painkillers as well as other drugs after the accident. Years after the accident, he appeared in college and high school basketball broadcasts on the ESPN network as a commentator. Austin Toros (2006)
On September 28, 2006, the New Jersey Nets announced that they had signed <mask> to a non-guaranteed contract. However, on October 22, the Nets released him. <mask> then signed with the Austin Toros of the NBA Development League, but he played in just three games for the club.On December 30, 2006, the Toros waived him due to injury. <mask> subsequently announced that he had no plans to resume his basketball career. National team career
During his basketball playing career, <mask> also represented the senior USA national basketball team. He was a part of the US team that finished in 6th place at the 2002 FIBA World Cup, which was held in Indianapolis. In seven games played during the tournament, <mask> averaged 3.9 points, 1.0 rebounds, 1.6 assists, and 0.9 steals, in 6.6 minutes per game. Post-basketball career
<mask> works for ESPN as an NBA analyst. Previously, <mask> covered college basketball for the network.He has also done motivational speaking and worked as an analyst on CBS College Sports Network during the 2008 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament. He was a recruiter for sports agency Ceruzzi Sports and Entertainment from 2007 to 2009. In 2016, <mask> released his autobiography, Life Is Not an Accident: A Memoir of Reinvention. Presently, <mask> is the Spokesperson of Visions Federal Credit Union, headquartered in Endwell, New York. He was also an announcer in NBA Live 19. According to a May 2020 article on BlackEnterprise.com, <mask> co-founded a management consulting company named Simatree, serves as a partial owner of The CabinNYC restaurant, works as an advisor to a digital marketing agency, and partners with EPIC Insurance to provide financial guidance to athletes and celebrities.

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title: Michael Terman

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<mask> is an American psychologist best known for his work in applying the biological principles of the circadian timing system to psychiatric treatments for depression and sleep disorders. This subspecialty is known as Chronotherapeutics. Education and career
<mask> received an AB from Columbia College in 1964, and a ScM (1966) and PhD (1968) from Brown University in the field of physiological psychology. From 1969 to 1981, he served on the psychology faculties of Brown and Northeastern Universities. He then moved to Columbia, where he is a Professor of Clinical Psychology in Psychiatry, with a joint appointment as a Research Scientist at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. He established the Clinical Chronobiology research program there in 1983 with funding from  the National Institute of Mental Health. In 2004, the program evolved into the first hospital-based chronotherapeutics outpatient clinic in the United States, the Center for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms at Columbia University Medical Center.In 1994, in parallel with his academic pursuits, he founded the Center for Environmental Therapeutics (CET), an independent, nonprofit international consortium of specialists in circadian biology, psychiatry and ophthalmology that provides chronotherapeutics education to both the lay public and clinicians. He serves as President of CET. Research
Before turning to clinical research, <mask>’s laboratory work focused on the effects of light-dark exposure and timing of food ingestion on circadian rhythm organization in animals. The hypothalamic internal “master” clock in the  suprachiasmatic nuclei had recently been discovered, with a primary function of programming daily cycles of physiology and behavior even in the absence of day-night cues. In animals lacking the clock nuclei, they showed that circadian rhythms of visual sensitivity and anticipatory behavior for scheduled meals persisted, even though unrestricted  feeding and drinking behavior became arrhythmic. This work contributed to the conception of “peripheral” internal clocks (e.g., in the retina and liver) that operate in a coordinated multiple-clock system. With Swiss colleagues Charlotte Remé and Anna Wirz-Justice, he published the 1991 empirical and theoretical synthesis, The Visual Input Stage of the Circadian Timing System.After the discovery in the early 1980s of light therapy for seasonal affective disorder, at the National Institute of Mental Health, <mask> turned to clinical therapeutics, with a focus on non-pharmacologic antidepressant responses to circadian light schedules. The lab developed “10,000 lux bright light therapy,” which became the standard regimen for brief morning light treatment to reset the internal clock at an earlier position in the 24-hour day. The method has been extended to treatment of nonseasonal depression, bipolar depression and depression during pregnancy. It has also been used to correct the insomnia associated with delayed sleep phase disorder. <mask>'s animal studies showed that the internal circadian clock responds  with high sensitivity to the small  light level changes during gradual dawn and dusk transitions, independent of daytime lighting. In an extension to chronotherapeutics, his group designed a computerized twilight simulator for use  in the bedroom. The dim incremental dawn signal, received through closed eyelids, exerts an antidepressant effect similar to post-awakening bright light therapy, and acts like bright light by resetting the circadian clock to an earlier hour.Serendipitously, the lab discovered that a nonvisual environmental factor, negative air ion concentration, also has an antidepressant effect. Negative ions (in nature or from electronic air purifiers) had long been presumed to have a nonspecific positive effect on wellbeing, and might be exploited as a placebo control for light therapy. The lab tested low ion levels vs. high ion levels in a set of randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trials. The high concentrations showed significantly greater antidepressant effect for both seasonal and nonseasonal depression, as well as when administered after waking or during sleep. The lab also devised a formulation that mimics pineal melatonin production without spikes and with gradual washout corresponding to the natural nighttime pattern. When used several hours before sleep, it magnifies the clock resetting effect of light at wake-up, which is particularly useful for normalizing the sleep pattern in patients with delayed sleep phase disorder. Applied Chronotherapeutics
In 2009, Terman, with colleagues Anna Wirz-Justice (Basel) and Francesco Benedetti (Milan) published the first chronotherapeutics treatment manual for clinicians.With particular emphasis on bipolar depression, it explains how three non-pharmaceutical procedures can be combined to produce rapid remission from depression within a week or less. Patients receive up to three alternate nights of wake therapy (no sleep allowed) with light therapy each morning. Recovery sleep on alternate nights begins earlier than usual, but shifts over days to normal bedtime. The method has been applied successfully at San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Frederiksborg General Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark, and the University of California at Irvine. The first U.S. clinic opened in Chicago, in collaboration with the Center for Environmental Therapeutics, in the fall of 2010. <mask> also devised a questionnaire that estimates the melatonin cycle so light therapy could be timed effectively without serial sampling of melatonin in the blood or saliva. Books
Wirz-Justice A, Benedetti F, Terman M (2009) Chronotherapeutics for Affective Disorders: A Clinician’s Manual for Light and Wake Therapy.Basel, Karger. Terman M, McMahan I (2012) Chronotherapy: Resetting Your Inner Clock to Boost Mood, Alertness, and Quality Sleep. New York, Penguin. References

External links
Profile for <mask>, PhD, at the Center for Environmental Therapeutics
Faculty Profile for <mask>, PhD, at Columbia University

Living people
American psychologists
American medical researchers
American medical writers
American male non-fiction writers
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Columbia Medical School faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Brown University alumni

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