title: Dmitry Rybolovlev

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<mask> (; ; born 22 November 1966) is a Russian oligarch, billionaire businessman, and investor. In 2010 <mask> was the 10th wealthiest man in Russia. As of 2021, Rybolovlev had a reported net worth of $6.7 billion, which ranked him 391st on Forbess list of billionaires. Rybolovlev owned the potash producer Uralkali and, in 2011, became the majority owner and President of Monaco's football club AS Monaco. As of July 2021, <mask> is ranked 391st on Forbess list of billionaires with a net worth of $6.7 billion. He is one of the alleged victims of Swiss art transporter Yves Bouvier as part of The Bouvier Affair. Early business career
<mask> entered the business world in 1990 after graduating with honors from the Perm Medical Institute.He first started working as a doctor but then decided to engage in business. While in his third year in medical school, he married Elena, a fellow student, and in 1989 his eldest daughter, Ekaterina, was born. Because a doctor's income was not enough to support a family in the final years of the Soviet Union, <mask> began his first business project, a small medical enterprise that served the workers of local factories he set up together with his father, a professor of medicine. Rybolovlev earned his first million dollars by reselling products, which the factories used to pay for in services rather than cash as was then a common practice in Russia. In 1992, <mask> went to Moscow to take a business course and received a brokerage license from the Russian Ministry of Finance, one of the first in Russian and the first in the Perm region, which permitted him to trade and deal with securities. Upon his return to Perm, he founded a brokerage and investment company and started buying up shares of local enterprises such as Uralkali, Silvinit, Azot, Metafrax, Solikamskbumprom. Development of Uralkali
In early 1994, Rybolovlev persuaded directors of these and some other enterprises to establish a bank, which he headed.He later decided to concentrate on two assets, Uralkali and Silvinit, given that the Russian potash industry was underdeveloped at the time due to the lack of interest from investors, unlike in the oil and gas sectors. Additionally, no one had been able to acquire controlling stakes in the industry's firms. In 1993 to 1995, Rybolovlev's portfolio included securities of Uralkali, Silvinit, Metafrax and Neftekhimik. These companies jointly developed the Verkhnekamskoye potash deposit, one of the world's largest. The violent nature of capital accumulation in early to mid-1990s Russia, including in the country's industrially developed regions like the Perm Krai, gave rise to violent criminals battling over control of companies and imposing "protection" fees on businesses. Refusing to cooperate with criminal gangs, <mask> was forced to hire a bodyguard in 1993 before moving his family to safety in Switzerland in 1995. He also assigned bodyguards to all the directors of his enterprises, with only one, Evgeny Panteleimonov, director of Neftekhimik, refusing to accept.Together with <mask>, he had insisted on stopping the supply of the company's products through a mafia-controlled straw firm, "Trade House FD". That same year, Evgeny Panteleimonov was killed at the doorstep of his house. A local gangster Oleg Lomakin turned out to be the organizer of the murder and was detained in April 1996. He accused <mask> of being behind the murder (in order to get a lighter sentence), leading to <mask> being arrested and spending 11 months in pretrial detention. Oleg Lomakin eventually withdrew his testimony, and, together with two accomplices, was sentenced to 15 years in prison for the murder of Panteleimonov. The judge concluded that the gangsters had killed the director of the company for breaking off relations with "Trade House FD". In 1997, <mask> was acquitted by courts of law at three levels, including the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.In media reports, <mask> stated that he was extorted in jail to sell the shares of his company in exchange for his freedom, but had refused. Growth and IPO
Over the next 15 years, <mask> focused on developing Uralkali and eventually built it into a major global enterprise. According to the Russian business newspaper Vedomosti, by 2000 he had consolidated his controlling interest in the company and begun to reform and develop it. While in 2000 the capitalization of Uralkali was around $15 million, in eight years it reached $20 billion. While the overall market outlook for mineral fertilizers improved over this time, reforms made under <mask>'s leadership played an important role in transforming a Soviet era enterprise into a worldwide industry leader. In 2000, Rybolovlev replaced the entire management of Uralkali, setting an increase in labor productivity as a key indicator, and as a result, the it increased by 2.5 times in the period from 2000 to 2007. Following this rapid growth throughout the early 2000s, in 2002 Uralkali built the Baltic Bulk Terminal in St. Petersburg port as its own transport hub, providing the company with a high-tech universal transshipment complex for mineral fertilizers, and thereby improving logistics capabilities.In 2005, Uralkali and Belarusian potash producer Belaruskali combined their trade flows via a single trader, the Belarusian Potash Company (BPC). There were plans to float Uralkali on the London Stock Exchange in 2006, but Rybolovlev canceled the listing after the order book had already been closed because he considered the company's valuation by investors to be unfairly low. As it would soon show, the decision turned out to be correct in many respects, since just a few days after the cancellation of the IPO, a major accident occurred at one of Uralkali's mines. Uralkali's IPO finally went ahead in 2007, making it one of the most successful in the history of Russian business. For 14.38% of shares Uralkali raised almost $1 billion, with demand for shares exceeding supply by 23 times. The listing attracted major international investors due to the company's strong financial results and proved to be a pivot point for the traditionally closed off Russian chemical industry, setting new standards for corporate governance transparency. In June 2010, Rybolovlev sold a 53% shareholding in Uralkali to a group of Russian investors: Kaliha Finance Limited (Suleiman Kerimov, 25%), Aerellia Investments Limited (Alexander Nesis, 15%) and Becounioco Holdings Limited (Filaret Galchev, 13.2%).The transaction price was not disclosed, but was reported to be around $5.3 billion. In December 2010, Uralkali bought a 20% stake in Silvinit for $1.4 billion from Rybolovlev. The merger was finalized in July 2011, after Rybolovlev had sold the remaining shares of Uralkali. Berezniki mine collapse
In October 2006, a freshwater spring began flowing into one of Uralkali's mines under the city of Berezniki, leading the walls and pillars supporting the ceilings of large caverns to dissolve. There were attempts to keep the mine operable, but Rybolovlev decided to close it to avoid fatalities. As a result, mining equipment worth tens of millions of dollars and unexploited reserves of potash ore remained underground, but human casualties were avoided. As a result of the mine's collapse, large sinkholes appeared around the mine and in the city of Berezniki, forcing some 12,000 residents to evacuate their homes.New sinkholes continue to appear regularly throughout the Perm region though it is not clear whether all of them are caused by mining activities. The causes of the accident were investigated by commissions of Rostekhnadzor, the Ministry of Emergencies and the Ministry of Natural Resources. The investigation concluded that the accident occurred for geological reasons, specifically a "previously unknown anomaly of geological structure". Then-head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Sergei Shoygu said that "the situation that we have today has been accumulating for decades. There are mistakes, including wartime, when very active and, perhaps, not very cautious works were performed". The neutrality of the commission's report has been challenged by some observers, who argued that the report was partly written by OAO Galurgia, a company affiliated to Uralkali. Some Russian sources claimed that Uralkali failed to undertake all the necessary work in order to fill the holes in the mines, which may have directly caused the appearance of the sinkholes.Uralkali repeatedly denied the allegations, with Russian economic newspaper Kommersant reporting that the company's experts carried out the backfilling of the mines based on the technical projects and mining operations plans in the volumes necessary to ensure the safety of existing mines. When Rybolovlev became a shareholder in Uralkali, the company began to actively engage in backfilling the voids inherited from the Soviet era. More than 70% of the funding was provided by Uralkali, the rest came from the federal budget. A report in The New York Times suggested that the situation was partially caused by the fact that Berezniki began as a Soviet labor camp, and was built directly over the mine to be within marching distance of work areas. In October 2008, Russian Vice Premier Igor Sechin reopened the investigation, prompting speculation in international news outlets, including The New York Times, that a raider attack had been launched against Uralkali. The results of this investigation turned out to be almost identical to the conclusion of the first investigation, namely that the cause of the accident was a combination of geological and technological factors. In December 2008, Uralkali pledged to pay $218 million to the Russian government as compensation for costs incurred by the mine collapse.In February 2009, the company agreed to a payment of $71.8 million to the Perm region. Investment in Bank of Cyprus
In September 2010, Rybolovlev bought a 9.7% stake in Cyprus largest bank, Bank of Cyprus. Rybolovlev's investment in Bank of Cyprus followed significant financial dealings in the country. Following the country's deep recession, on 25 March 2013 the Eurogroup agreed with the government of Cyprus that the Bank of Cyprus would take over the remnants of Laiki Bank. To finance the deal and save Bank of Cyprus from bankruptcy, it was also decided that accounts over €100,000 would suffer a haircut on their assets of about 50%, which mostly wiped out <mask>lev relocated to Monaco in 2010 and in December 2011, a trust acting on behalf of <mask>'s daughter Ekaterina, bought a 66% stake in the Monegasque association football club AS Monaco FC.The club was in a bad state at the time, playing at the bottom of the French second league and highly in debt, and the Monaco Palace was looking for an investor to improve the club's prospects. According to French media reports, Ryboloblev acquired the club for a symbolic €1, but with a commitment to invest at least €100 million ($129.4 million) into the club over the next four years. The remaining 33% stake in the club is owned by Monaco's ruling family, the House of Grimaldi, with <mask>'s acquisition of the stake in the club approved by Prince Albert II of Monaco. <mask> was subsequently appointed president of the club. Though historically Monaco is one of France's most successful clubs, they were struggling at the time of <mask>'s arrival, and had been relegated to the second tier of French football, Ligue 2. Étienne Franzi, AS Monaco's former president, and the DNCG, the French football authority, both gave positive assessments of the club's progress after Rybolovlev's first year of ownership in December 2012. In May 2013, Monaco was promoted to Ligue 1 after securing the second division title.Monaco became one of the most prodigious spenders in European football in the summer of 2013 under <mask>'s presidency, spending £146 million on players including Radamel Falcao, James Rodríguez and João Moutinho. Ricardo Carvalho and Eric Abidal were also signed on free transfers with large salaries. Rodríguez and Falcao subsequently left Monaco in the summer of 2014, the latter leaving on loan to Manchester United and Chelsea (returning to Monaco in 2016) and the former being sold to Real Madrid for almost double the transfer fee Monaco had paid Porto for his services one year prior. The transfers were explained by Monaco's vice president Vadim Vasilyev as part of a new strategy. He stated that "There are two ways to go... One is either you invest a lot of money and do it quickly, the other is you build up an intelligent project and you have to base yourself on your academy and sound principles of working and scouting well and basically that's what we've decided to do." In January 2014, Monaco agreed to pay the governing body of French football, the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP), a one-off voluntary payment of €50 million to remain exempt from a ruling by the LFP that its clubs must have their head offices located in France. Based in the tax haven of Monaco, the club managed to avoid the effects of tax increases in neighboring France.Rybolovlev and the head of the French league, Noël Le Graët, had initially failed to find an agreement over the matter and Rybolovlev had initiated legal action against the league which was later dropped. The €50 million figure was calculated by the league as the amount saved by Monaco a result of their unique location. In July 2015, The State Council, France's highest court for administrative matters, announced that the agreement between the LFP and Monaco should be annulled, therefore AS Monaco no longer had to pay €50 million and had no obligation to move its headquarters out of the Principality. The departure of star players and a decline in spending was also attributed by Vasilyev to the introduction of the UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations and the resultant threat of sanctions. In an interview, Vasilyev dismissed claims that the Russian management were selling the Monaco's best assets before leaving and stated that Rybolovlev remained "strongly committed" to the club. In a March 2015 interview with Nice Matin, Rybolovlev reiterated that his plans for the club are long-term. In 2017, Monaco enjoyed its most successful season yet, winning the French Ligue 1 title and reaching the semi-final of the European Champions League.Reflecting on the club's unexpected success, The Independent wrote that "Monaco's policy of buying low and selling high has made the club a true Champion's League power at last" and called Monaco as "one of the best run clubs in Europe". In an interview to Nice Matin in May 2018, Prince Albert II thanked <mask> "for all his action in the management of the ASM". In July 2018, media reported that Rybolovlev was a potential buyer of Chinese businessman Li Yonghong's stake in AC Milan, but the deal didn't materialize. Following an unsuccessful start to the 2018–2019 season, the club in October 2018 officially announced the departure of its head coach, Leonardo Jardim. On 13 October, the club confirmed Thierry Henry as the new head coach until 2021. On January 25, Henry was sacked after only 20 matches, of which only five ended in victory. He was replaced with his predecessor Jardim.In December 2019 the former Spain national team manager Robert Moreno was appointed as AS Monaco's head coach. In July 2020, former Bayern coach Niko Kovac became AS Monaco's new coach, replacing Robert Moreno. On 16 January 2019, AS Monaco announced a €55 million investment into a new "Centre for sporting excellence", a multifunctional sports complex, that was planned to include three football fields in addition to a fitness and medical centre, and a rehabilitation zone. It was announced that the investment will also include renovations on the Louis II stadium and the construction of a dormitory for the club's youth academy. In the summer of 2020, a new building of the AS Monaco football academy opened, and in March 2021 AS Monaco officially received the keys to its new performance centre in La Turbie. The works will be fully completed by summer 2022. Since the arrival of Rybolovlev in 2011, AS Monaco had six podiums in Ligue 1, one French Cup final, two French League Cup finals, and UEFA Champions League's semi-finals.In an interview to RMC radio in October 2021, Prince Albert II approved of the club's decision-making and assured that he has confidence in the management of the club's owner, <mask>. Philanthropy
Rybolovlev provided financial assistance to the reconstruction of Saint Petersburg's Oranienbaum Palace, as well as to the restoration of the Conception Convent (also known as Zachatyevsky Monastery) in Moscow. He donated €17.5 million for the re-building of the Cathedral of Nativity of Theotokos in Moscow, and was involved in the restoration of several icon paintings in the Cathedral of Exaltation of the Cross recreated in Belogorsk Saint Nicolas Monastery. <mask> is also involved in the

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title: Dmitry Rybolovlev

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 construction of the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas in Limassol, Cyprus, for estimated project costs of €5 million. With a size of 1050 m2, the church is expected to host 500 to 600 people once the constructions are completed. In April 2020, <mask> made a donation in the amount of 80 million rubles (more than $1 million) through his "Financial house" investment company to the Perm Territory Charitable Foundation to fight the coronavirus. It was announced in October 2020 that <mask> would make a personal donation to help rebuild the pitch of Saint-Martin-Vésubie, which was destroyed during Storm Alex.According to press reports, the donation follows a letter written by local 11 year old twins to <mask> asking for financial help for a stadium where ASM's academy spends a period of their pre-season on a yearly basis. The donation would amount to 250,000 Euros. In November 2021, <mask>'s family charitable foundation was founded in Lefkada (Greece) to support his philanthropic activities in the region. The initial capital of the fund amounted to 150 thousand euros. <mask> is also involved in Les Arts Gstaad, a new cultural center dedicated to music, arts and literature in the Swiss town Gstaad. Controversies

Pollution of Kama river
In June 2012, Green Patrol, a Russian environmental NGO, listed Uralkali as one of the top 100 polluters in Russia, based on information gathered during the previous years. An expedition organized into the Perm Krai by the same NGO in 2010, when <mask> was still the company's owner, revealed that Uralkali's sinks contained at least 16 harmful elements (including zinc and ammonium), exceeding the maximum permissible levels by 1,850 times.According to Green Patrol's President Roman Pukalov, Uralkali failed to fully disclose a complete list of harmful elements that it routinely ejected into the local river Kama. He described Kama water as "very polluted", declaring that small rivers around Berezniki had in fact turned into brine. Furthermore, Uralkali's environmental spending under Rybolovlev was exceptionally low. Panama Papers scandal
In April 2016, it was alleged by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) that <mask> used a company registered in the Virgin Islands to hide art from his former wife Elena during their divorce proceeding. <mask>'s use of offshore companies was described as a "textbook example of the lengths rich people go to protect their considerable wealth in case of a marital breakup" by the Süddeutsche Zeitung. However, subsequent media reports noted that the offshore structures established by the <mask> family trust pre-dated the divorce proceedings by several years. Furthermore, the family trust had publicly disclosed the companies as owners of the art works long before the Panama Papers report was published, a fact that the original Panama Papers report had omitted.Liberation of Georgi Bedjamov
Georgi Bedjamov, President of the Federation of Bobsleigh and Skeleton of Russia and former co-owner of Vneshprombank, was arrested in March 2016 in Monaco after an international arrest warrant was issued against him by the Russian authorities on charges of fraudulent bankruptcy and embezzlement. Bedjamov was liberated in July 2016 by the Prince, a decision that was later confirmed by the Monaco Appeal Court. Russian sources alleged that Rybolovlev helped Georgi Bedjamov escape Russian authorities, but Rybolovlev denied these claims in an interview to the French newspaper Le Parisien in late October 2016. Football Leaks scandal
In December 2016, the Football Leaks scandal revealed that <mask> and football agent Jorge Mendes had set up a secret system to illegally buy players' shares. Using a Cyprus-based offshore investment fund named Browsefish Limited, Rybolovlev manipulated the price of his own players through third-party ownerships (TPO). Rybolovlev resorted to the use of offshore companies to hide his identity, as TPO's are illegal in Europe. Investigations revealed for example that football player Fabinho was already 48.5% owned by <mask> when he was loaned to AS Monaco by Rio Ave F.C.AS Monaco denied these allegations and that such a scheme was ever put into place, arguing that reports published in the French and European press to the contrary "contain false information and many inaccuracies". Property

Trusts in the name of his <mask>'s daughter, Ekaterina, have made several significant property purchases around the world since 2008. The trusts have bought properties in Florida, Hawaii, New York City, Monaco, as well as two islands in Greece. <mask> also owns an estate in Saint-Tropez on the Cote d'Azur in the south of France, houses in Gstaad, Switzerland, and used to own property in Geneva and Paris with his former wife. In 2013, the property purchases were contested by <mask>'s wife, <mask>a, during the couple's divorce proceedings. United States

Florida
The New York Times reported that in 2008, <mask> and his wife made house-hunting trips to New York City and aimed to buy their first property in the US, eyeing an apartment at 15 Central Park West, but the seller eventually withdrew from the deal. <mask> subsequently looked to Florida, where American businessman Donald Trump was selling a 6 acres Palm Beach residence at the coast of the Atlantic Ocean.In 2008, Ekaterina <mask>a's trust bought the 18-bedroom Maison de L'Amitie in Palm Beach, Florida, from the American businessman Donald Trump. Amidst concerns during his campaign about rubbing shoulders with Russian officials, Trump has claimed that the sale of Maison de L'Amitié, which he purchased for $40 million in 2004 and sold to <mask> for $95 million, is the only dealing he has done with a Russian. In February 2018, Oregon Senator Ron Wyden wrote to the US Treasury Department to request records on the purchase of the property. However, a spokesman for the Rybolovev family reiterated that the deal has long been publicly scrutinized since it was announced over a decade ago. As of February 2018, the trust's investment in the property looked on track to yield a significant return. In 2016, Rybolovlev razed the mansion on the property after being granted permission to subdivide the land into three lots, two of which have since sold for a combined $71.34 million. The third lot of 2.23 acres was sold in July 2019 for $37.3 million.Although the property's price was originally listed at $42 million, all three lots were sold for a total of $108.2 million, still roughly $13 million more than what <mask> had paid for the property in 2008. New York
In December 2011, the trust bought a 10-room,  apartment at 15 Central Park West in New York City for $88 million, from Joan Weill, the wife of Sanford I. Weill, the former chairman of Citigroup. This was a record price for an apartment in the city at the time of its purchase. Hawaii
In 2011, Rybololev also bought a $20 million property in Kauai, Hawaii, from the American actor Will Smith. During his ownership, 21 acres were added to the estate, and put on the market for $29.5 million in 2015. Greece

In April 2013, Ekaterina <mask>'s trust bought a group of companies from the Greek heiress Athina Onassis Roussel. The assets included the 74 acre Greek island of Skorpios and its smaller islet, Sparti.The sale price was reported as $154 million. In October 2018, Rybolovlev started a major development project on the island with the aim to transform it into a luxury resort. The total investment in the project amounts to €184 million. The work was supposed to end in 2020. At the beginning of 2021, the completion date was shifted to 2024. The investment in the resort was estimated at €165 million, and the estimated price of a weekly rental was estimated at €1 million. On 8 November 2021, the Co-Ordination Authority of the Peloponnese, Western Sterea Hellas, and Ionian islands prefecture, after a petition was submitted by a number of inhabitants of nearby Lefkada island, annulled a permit allowing enlargement works on the Skorpios small port.Representatives of the Rybolovlev investment company declared that they would appeal the decision. Monaco
In 2010, <mask> bought the 2,000m2 Belle Époque style penthouse apartment on the Avenue d'Ostende in the Monte Carlo district of Monaco. The property was bought for €220 million. Its previous owners include Nick and Christian Candy, the brothers behind the Candy & Candy interior design and property development business, and earlier, the Brazilian banker Edmond Safra, who died in a fire at the apartment in 1999. Switzerland
<mask> and his former wife owned a property in Geneva, Switzerland, which they demolished in 2008 and planned to replace with a replica of the palace of Marie-Antoinette, the Petit Trianon at the Palace of Versailles. The project was abandoned amidst the couple's divorce proceedings. <mask> has also built two houses worth $135 million in the Swiss alpine resort of Gstaad.Art collection
<mask>'s art collection has included paintings by Paul Gauguin, Auguste Rodin, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Claude Monet, Mark Rothko. and Vincent van Gogh. He was also the owner of Salvator Mundi by Leonardo da Vinci, or studio, until it was sold at Christie's auction house for a record-breaking $450 million on 15 November 2017. The Bouvier Affair

In early 2015, it was reported that <mask> may have been a victim of a complex art fraud to the tune of $1 billion allegedly perpetrated by the art dealer Yves Bouvier, who was indicted on charges of fraud and complicity in money laundering. In 2015, <mask> was again at the center of a controversy after it was alleged that he bought two stolen Picassos from art dealer Olivier Thomas through the mediation of Yves Bouvier. In September 2015 he returned the paintings, valued at $30 million, to the artist's stepdaughter. In October 2018, Rybolovlev launched a lawsuit against Sotheby's in Manhattan federal court, alleging that the auction house "materially assisted the largest art fraud in history".Rybolovlev's lawyers said "Sotheby's was the willing auction house that knowingly and intentionally made the fraud possible" because it knew how much Bouvier paid the sellers. Sotheby's has denied these allegations. On 6 November 2018, <mask> was questioned by the Monegasque police. His lawyers stated that this happened on the basis of information obtained from the phone of one of Rybolovlev's previous lawyers, Tetiana Bersheda, which is the subject of an appeal in Monaco. <mask> was subsequently named a "formal suspect" in a graft investigation by Monaco's chief prosecutor. He was released from custody and placed under judicial control. In an interview with the daily Nice Matin in December 2018, Rybolovlev's lawyer, Me Hervé Temime, criticised repeated violations of the investigation's secrecy that he attributed to vested interests against <mask>.He also stated that "the seriousness of the initial scam" was understated "because of the wealth" of <mask> in what he described as an ostracism of rich Russians. In June 2019, Sotheby's request to have the case against it thrown out was denied by a US federal court in Manhattan. The court argued that Sotheby's had failed to establish "exceptional circumstances" to justify such a move. The auction house also had to allow public access to previously sealed or redacted documents detailing correspondence between Yves Bouvier, Sotheby's staff as well as Sotheby's senior director and vice-chairman for private sales Samuel Valette. According to the Art Newspaper, the correspondence reveals "that Bouvier paid Sotheby's $83 million for Salvator Mundi, suggesting a 53.62% markup on the painting, as Rybolovlev had alleged". Next to Salvator Mundi, the documents pertain to pricing negotiations between Bouvier and Sotheby's for Gustav Klimt's Wasserschlangen II in 2012, Picasso's L'Homme Assis Au Verre and Modigliani's Nu Couché au Coussin Bleu. In July 2020, criminal proceedings against Bouvier for fraud and money laundering were dismissed by Monaco's Court of Revision on the procedural grounds that "the investigations had been conducted in a biased and unfair manner".In January 2021, Swiss prosecutors closed a two-year-long investigation into Bouvier, though <mask> may appeal the filing order. As of February 2021, litigation between <mask> and Bouvier is still ongoing in a number of jurisdictions, including the US, London and Paris. After the Swiss prosecutor closed the investigation, <mask>'s lawyers filed an appeal claiming the case was "one of the most serious the art world has ever known, be duly considered and finally judged on its merits". In September 2021, <mask> filed a case with the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) against the Department of Justice of Monaco in a case of attorney-client privilege violation within the Bouvier affair. During the investigation in Monaco, the judge seized the phone of <mask>'s lawyer in order to verify the authenticity of the records which were a part of the proceedings. However, he accessed all the information contained in the lawyer's smartphone. <mask> and his lawyer contested this use of the telephone and alleged a violation of the attorney-client privilege.Awards and honours
In 2010, <mask> was awarded the Order of St. Seraphim of Sarov I degree by Patriarch Kirill for funding the restoration of the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God in Zachatyevsky Convent. Personal life
<mask> married <mask>a in 1987 in Perm, Russia. Together they have  two daughters: Ekaterina, born in 1989, and Anna, born in 2001. In 2015, Ekaterina married Uruguayan businessman Juan Sartori who is an owner of a 20% stake in England's Sunderland AFC. Divorce
<mask>a filed for divorce on 22 December 2008, citing in her divorce petition the "serial infidelity" of her husband. At the same occasion, Elena officially asked the Geneva State prosecutor for protection of her assets from <mask>. In February 2014, Elena was detained in Cyprus for allegedly stealing a $28 million diamond ring she later proved her ex-husband had given her while they were still married.In May that year, a Geneva court awarded Elena a record settlement of $4.8 billion. This would have been the most expensive divorce settlement in history at the time. However, <mask>'s lawyers successfully appealed the 2014 ruling in June 2015. The Geneva court reversed the earlier decision, ruling that Elena's settlement be reduced to 564 million Swiss francs. Finally, in October 2015, <mask> and Elena announced they had reached an amicable settlement of their divorce, and that all legal actions in relation to the case would cease. Financial terms of the settlement were not disclosed. Hobbies and interests
<mask> enjoys surfing, especially in Hawaii.He is also engaged in sailing and yachting, being the owner of €80 million superyacht Anna I, which was sold in 2021, and his new $250 million yacht, also called Anna. Both yachts were built by Feadship and designed by Michael Leach, with Anna being the company's biggest superyacht to date. In July 2021, <mask> acquired a new sailing ClubSwan 125 yacht, named Skorpios after the Greek island owned by his family trusts. The 43-meter racing vessel took four years to build at Nautor's Swan yard in Finland. The yacht was designed to be a record-breaker and is able to reach a speed of roughly 15 knots upwind and remain consistently faster than the wind speed downwind thanks to innovations including the addition of a single curved foil that provides sideways and vertical lift in varying conditions. Skorpios' skipper is Olympic gold medalist and two-world champion Fernando Echávarri, while <mask> is the racing yacht's helmsman. Rybolovlev also owns  a racing yacht of the ClubSwan 50 model, now renamed Sparti.With this model, he won the ClubSwan 50 World Championship title during The Nations Trophy regatta in Palma Bay, Spain in October 2019. In the event's 2020 reiteration, <mask>'s  ClubSwan 50 yacht took third place overall after winning two of that year's four races, making it the only team to win medals in the ClubSwan World Championship over two consecutive years. Forbes ranking
In the Forbes billionaires list for 2021, <mask> was ranked the 391st richest person in the world with a net worth of $6.7 billion. See also
List of Russian billionaires
Links between Trump associates and Russian officials

Notes

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
AS Monaco FC non-playing staff
French football chairmen and investors
Russian football chairmen and investors
People from Perm, Russia
Russian art collectors
Russian bankers
Russian businesspeople
Russian billionaires
Russian cardiologists
Russian expatriates in Monaco
Russian expatriates in Switzerland
Russian Orthodox Christians from Russia
Russian philanthropists
People named in the Panama Papers
Russians associated with interference in the 2016 United States elections
Naturalized citizens of

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title: Bryan D. O'Connor

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<mask>'Connor (born September 6, 1946) is a retired United States Marine Corps Colonel and former NASA astronaut. He was inducted into the United States Astronaut Hall of Fame in 2008. Personal
Born September 6, 1946, in Orange, California, but considers Twentynine Palms, California to be his hometown. <mask> and his wife Susan have two sons, Thomas and Kevin. His son Thomas is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom and is a captain in the Army National Guard. The O'Connor family enjoys hiking and music. Education
Graduated from Twentynine Palms High School in Twentynine Palms, California, in 1964; received a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering (minor in aeronautical engineering) from the United States Naval Academy in 1968, and a Master of Science degree in aeronautical systems from the University of West Florida in 1970.He graduated from the Naval Safety School at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, in 1972 and from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School, Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland in 1976. Awards and honors
Naval Safety School Top Graduate; Naval Test Pilot School Distinguished Graduate Award; Defense Superior Service Medal (2); Distinguished Flying Cross; Navy Meritorious Service Medal; NASA Distinguished Service Medal; NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (2); NASA Exceptional Service Medal (2); NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal; NASA Silver Snoopy Award; AIAA System Effectiveness and Safety Award; AIAA Barry M. Goldwater Education Award; Aviation Week & Space Technology Laureate (Space and Missiles). Scheduled to be inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame in May 2008. Experience
O'Connor began active duty with the United States Marine Corps in June 1968 following graduation from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis.He received his Naval Aviator wings in June 1970, and served as an attack pilot flying the A-4 Skyhawk and the AV-8A Harrier on land and sea assignments in the United States, Europe and the Western Pacific. O'Connor attended the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School in 1975 and served as a test pilot with the Naval Air Test Center's Strike Test Directorate at Patuxent River, Maryland. During this 3½ year assignment, he participated in evaluations of various conventional and VSTOL aircraft, including the A-4, OV-10, AV-8, and X-22 VSTOL research aircraft. From June 1977 to June 1979 he was the Naval Air Test Center project officer in charge of all Harrier flight testing, including the planning and execution of the First Navy Preliminary Evaluation of the YAV-8B advanced Harrier prototype. When informed of his selection to NASA's Astronaut Program in 1980, he was serving as the Deputy Program Manager (Acquisition) for the AV-8 program at the Naval Air Systems Command in Washington, D.C.

NASA experience
O'Connor was selected as an astronaut in May 1980. After a one-year initial training program at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, O'Connor served in a variety of functions in support of the first test flights of the Space Shuttle, including simulator test pilot for STS-1 and STS-2, safety/photo chase pilot for STS-3, and support crew for STS-4.He was CAPCOM (spacecraft communicator) for STS-5 through STS-9. He also served as Aviation Safety Officer for the NASA Astronaut Corps. When the Challenger and its crew were lost in January 1986, O'Connor was given a number of safety and management assignments over the next three years as the Space Agency recovered from the disaster. In the first days after the accident, he organized the initial wreckage reassembly activities at Cape Canaveral. Then he established and managed the operation of the NASA Headquarters Action Center, the link between NASA and the Presidential Blue Ribbon Accident Investigation Panel (The Rogers Commission). In March 1986 he was assigned duties as Assistant (Operations) to the Space Shuttle Program Manager, as well as first Chairman of NASA's new Space Flight Safety Panel: jobs he held until February 1988 and 1989 respectively. He subsequently served as Deputy Director of Flight Crew Operations from February 1988 until August 1991.O'Connor has flown over 5,000 hours in over 40 types of aircraft. A veteran of two space flights, he has over 386 hours in space, covering five and three quarter million miles in 253 orbits of the Earth. O'Connor was pilot on STS-61-B in 1985 and was crew commander on STS-40 in 1991. O'Connor left NASA in August 1991 to become commanding officer of the Marine Aviation Detachment, Naval Air Test Center, Patuxent River. During this 10-month assignment, he led 110 test pilots and technicians, participated as an AV-8B project test pilot, instructed students at the Test Pilot School, directed the Naval Air Test Center Museum, and became the first Marine to serve as Deputy Director and Chief of Staff of the Flight Test and Engineering Group. O'Connor returned to NASA Headquarters in Washington, retiring from the Marine Corps to become the Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Flight. He was immediately assigned the task of developing a comprehensive flight safety improvement plan for the Space Shuttle, working closely with Congress and the Administration for funding of the major upgrade program.Then in late summer 1992, he was assigned as leader of the negotiating team that traveled to Moscow to establish the framework for what subsequently became the ambitious and complex joint manned space program known as Shuttle/MIR. In March 1993 O'Connor was assigned as Director, Space Station Redesign. He and his 50-person team of engineers, managers, and international partners developed, then recommended substantial vehicle and program restructure strategies which amounted to $300 million in savings per year, thus helping to save the program from cancellation by Congress. In September, he was named Acting Space Station Program Director. He held that position throughout the transition from the Freedom Program to the new International Space Station Program and the announcement of a permanent Program Director in January 1994. In April 1994, O'Connor was reassigned as Director, Space Shuttle Program. As such, he was responsible for all aspects of the $3.5 billion per year program, leading over 27,000 government and contractor personnel.By the time he left NASA in March 1996, he had directed NASA's largest and most visible program through twelve safe, successful missions, including the first three flights to the Russian Space Station, Mir. He planned and led an extensive program restructure designed to save the taxpayers approximately $1 billion over the five-year budget horizon. Of equal importance, he oversaw the introduction of several major safety improvements developed to prevent another "Challenger disaster". O'Connor left NASA in February 1996 to become an aerospace consultant. He also served on the Advisory Board of Airship Resources Corporation, a startup company planning to introduce high technology night sign display systems to the next generation large airships then under development in the United Kingdom. Until 2002, when he rejoined NASA as Chief of Safety and Mission Assurance, O'Connor served as Director of Engineering for Futron Corporation, a Bethesda, Maryland based company providing risk management and aerospace safety and dependability services to government and commercial organizations including the Federal Aviation Administration, Department of Defense, NASA, Department of Energy, Westinghouse, AlliedSignal and others. O'Connor served as NASA Chief of Safety and Mission Assurance until August 31, 2011, retiring from the agency.Spaceflight experience
STS-61-B Atlantis (November 26, to December 3, 1985). STS-61-B was the 22nd Shuttle flight and was the second-ever night shuttle launch from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. It was the heaviest payload weight carried to orbit by the Space Shuttle to date, and the first flight to deploy four satellites. The mission included the EASE/ACCESS experiment. After completing 108 orbits of Earth in 165 hours, Atlantis returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California. STS-40 Columbia (June 5–14, 1991). STS-40 was the first Space Shuttle mission dedicated to life science studies.During the 9-day mission the crew performed an extensive series of biomedical experiments. After 145 orbits of the Earth traveling 3.29 million miles in 218 hours, O'Connor piloted Columbia to a landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California, his crew having safely and successfully completed over 100% of their mission objectives. References

External links

1946 births
Living people
United States Marine Corps astronauts
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
People from Orange, California
People from Twentynine Palms, California
United States Naval Academy alumni
University of West Florida alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni
United States Marine Corps colonels
United States Naval Aviators
American test pilots
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Military personnel from California

masks:
Bryan Daniel O
Bryan


title: Lucas Pratto

texts:
<mask> (; born 4 June 1988) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a striker, for the Argentine Primera División club Vélez Sarsfield. <mask> has been described as possessing unusual technique and ball control for a player of strong physique. His first professional club was Boca Juniors, by whom he was loaned to Argentine sides Tigre and Unión, Norway's Lyn and Chile's Universidad Católica. His performances for the latter prompted a transfer to Italian club Genoa, shortly after which he joined Vélez Sarsfield, first on loan and then permanently, when he was elected Argentina's 2014 Footballer of the Year. He then moved to Brazil, playing for Atlético Mineiro and São Paulo, before returning to Argentina for River Plate in 2018, with whom he won the Copa Libertadores title later that year. In 2021, he joined Dutch club Feyenoord on loan. <mask> has been capped at international level for Argentina.Early life
<mask> was born in La Plata, where he lived most of his early life in the Altos de San Lorenzo neighborhood. He started playing in local club Gimnasia of the Los Hornos neighborhood, and was rejected by the youth ranks of Estudiantes de La Plata before eventually making it into the Defensores de Cambaceres youth team, where his brother then played. Club career

Early career and loan spells

Product of Defensores de Cambaceres lower divisions, <mask> joined Argentine club Boca Juniors in 2006, after a recommendation by Martín Palermo. Once in the La Boca-based team, he was sent to the team's fifth division, where he scored more than 20 goals and formed an attacking partnership with Óscar Trejo. In June 2007, he was loaned to Tigre, but mostly played for the reserve team in their first season. Leandro Lázzaro's departure to Estudiantes, however, allowed <mask> to break into the starting eleven and challenge the possibility of being the team's first choice striker. Following Lázzaro's absence, <mask> played ten 2008 Clausura games and scored one goal against San Martín de San Juan, which was his side's winning goal in a 2–1 home win at José Dellagiovanna.On 2 August 2008, <mask> joined Norway's Lyn Fotball on a free loan from Boca, after being recommended by the scout Terje Liverød who helped with the negotiations. On 15 August, <mask> made a goalscoring debut during a 3–1 defeat against Molde FK in a Tippeligaen game as a 71st-minute substitute. Between 2008 and 2009 Pratto made 21 league appearances and scored four goals for Lyn. He then returned to Argentina in mid-2009 to join Boca's first-team squad, then coached by Alfio Basile. After once again not being considered at the La Bombonera squad, <mask> had another brief loan spell in the first half of 2010, this time at Unión de Santa Fe in the Primera B Nacional. Universidad Católica
On 29 June 2010 Pratto joined Chile's Universidad Católica on loan from Boca, this time as part of Gary Medel's contract extension negotiation. In the Chilean club, <mask> scored in his debut against Everton in a 1–1 league draw at Viña del Mar.At first, <mask> was heavily criticized for his bad shape at the Las Condes-based team, but key goals in the end of the season against Universidad de Chile and Cobreloa helped Católica achieve their 10th Campeonato Nacional title. He had an impressive season start in 2011 when he scored six Copa Libertadores goals (including a brace against Grêmio, in a historic 2–1 triumph at Brazil) and six league goals, which allowed him be sold by Boca to Italian Serie A side Genoa for a US$2,4 million fee. Genoa
Pratto joined the Genovese club on 30 June 2011, being described months before by the club's president Enrico Preziosi as the team's new Diego Milito. He officially debuted as a starter during Genoa's first 2011–12 Coppa Italia game against Nocerina in a 4–3 home win, in which he scored his side's second goal after an assist by Kévin Constant. His Serie A debut was on 11 September in a 2–2 draw with Atalanta for the league's first matchday, and his first goal came on 18 December in a 2–1 victory over Bologna, the match-winner at the 85th minute. His second goal for Coppa Italia was on 24 November against Bari in a 3–2 victory, where once again he scored the match's winning goal, now after an impressive header in the 115th minute during extra-time. Pratto made an attacking partnership with Rodrigo Palacio, but coach Alberto Malesani, by whom he was selected for the first squad, was fired in December 2011.Since that time <mask> failed to play the rest of season, being relegated to the bench by the team's next coaches (Pasquale Marino, the same Malesani and Luigi De Canio). Vélez Sarsfield

On 7 February 2012 it was reported that <mask> had joined Vélez Sarsfield in a season-long loan deal, with the option to be fully signed by the Argentine club. After a decent first season with the Liniers side, in which he played 20 times and scored 4 goals, <mask> became a starter during Vélez's 2012 Torneo Inicial championship-winning campaign. <mask> made a partnership with Facundo Ferreyra, and played a key role appearing in all 19 games and scoring seven goals. In January 2013 it was reported that Vélez had come to an agreement with Genoa for the definitive purchase of the player on a three-year contract. On 29 June 2013, <mask> scored the match winner in the Superfinal, the match that concluded the 2012–13 Primera División season, as Vélez defeated Newell's 1–0 and were crowned Super Champions. At the end of the year <mask> was selected as Vélez's best player of the season.In the start of 2014 he won the Supercopa Argentina with his club, and was the top goalscorer of the Torneo de Transición, with 11 goals. For his performances <mask> was once again selected as Vélez's player of the year, and was honored with the Olimpia de Plata award as Footballer of the Year of Argentina, chosen by Argentine sports media as the best player in the local league. Atlético Mineiro

On 16 December 2014, <mask> joined Brazilian club Atlético Mineiro on a four-year contract. <mask> made his unofficial debut and scored his first goal for Atlético in a pre-season friendly against Shakhtar Donetsk, which his new team won 4–2. <mask> also scored in his first official match for the club, against Tupi, for the 2015 Campeonato Mineiro, as well as in his debut in Copa Libertadores for Atlético, scoring the winner in a 1–0 away win against Independiente Santa Fé. In the second leg of the Campeonato Mineiro semifinals against fierce rivals Cruzeiro, <mask> managed to score a brace with two assists by Guilherme, one of the goals an impressive volley, and helped his team make a 2–1 comeback after trailing in half-time. Atlético were eventually crowned champions of the competition, with <mask> finishing with six goals and being selected for the team of the tournament and as its best player.In July 2015, <mask> became Atlético's highest-ever foreign goalscorer and scored his first-ever hat-trick, with all three goals coming in the first half of a 3–1 home win against São Paulo. He still holds this record as the club's highest-ever foreign goalscorer, with 42 goals. São Paulo
On 10 February 2017, <mask> signed a four-year contract with Brazilian club São Paulo FC. The transfer totalled around €12 million, with the São Paulo-based club paying approximately €6 million for 50 per cent of the player's rights. According to Carlos Augusto de Barros e Silva, São Paulo's president, the club would acquire up to 95% of the rights in the future. Atlético Mineiro president Daniel Nepomuceno stated that payment for the remaining shares would occur within three years. He netted in his debut for Tricolor, in a 2–2 draw against Mirassol, and, three days later, he scored twice in his second match for club, in a 3–2 victory against São Bento.<mask>, along with his compatriot Calleri, is the only debut player at the club to score in his two first official matches. On 9 July 2017, <mask> lost a penalty kick in a 3–2 loss of São Paulo FC against rivals Santos FC. At the end of this match, he was seven consecutive games without scoring any goal. River Plate
On 8 January 2018, São Paulo confirmed the selling of <mask> to River Plate for €11.5 million, becoming River's highest ever transfer acquisition. <mask> scored two goals in the 2018 Copa Libertadores finals against Boca Juniors, once in each leg, helping River to the title. Feyenoord
On 1 January 2021, Eredivisie club Feyenoord announced the signing of <mask> on loan for the remainder of the season. He made his debut nine days later, in a Rotterdam derby against Sparta in the league, won 2–0 by Feyenoord.On 9 May, in a 3–0 league defeat to Ajax, <mask> suffered a fracture in his right ankle when challenging for the ball; he underwent surgery on the same day, with an expected recovery time of four to six months. International career
<mask> received his first international call-up for Argentina on 12 August 2016, for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Uruguay and Venezuela. He started for the national team for the first time in the match against Uruguay on 1 September 2016, and scored his first goal against Venezuela on 7 September. <mask> scored his second international goal helping Argentina to a 3–0 win over Colombia in November 2016. In the Jorge Sampaoli's first calling up for Argentina, Pratto was not called, in spite of being remembered in Edgardo Bauza's lists. Style of play

Pratto has an unusually fast pace for a player with 1.88m, and frequently floats outside the box to assist other players. He has been praised for his technique, ball control, and link-up play.Tactically, <mask> has not usually been deployed as a target man centre forward throughout most of his career, as is commonly the case for a player with a strong physique; he has normally played as a striker or second striker. In his best season with Vélez, he played as a second striker or even as an outside forward, with Facundo Ferreyra occupying the centre-forward role. Upon his arrival at Atlético Mineiro, he started to play in a more central role in the attack, while still contributing with assists and playing in the flanks during the matches. Personal life
<mask> was raised by his mother Daniela, helped by his older brother Leandro. Aside from him, <mask> has three other siblings from his father's other family. Pratto has one daughter, Pia, born in 2010, and has tattoos portraying her and his mother. <mask> has an interest on rock and roll, being a fan of AC/DC, Foo Fighters, Kiss and Argentine band La Renga, of whom he also has a tattoo.He is also an avid fan of The Simpsons, has tattoos of both Homer and Bart, and an English bulldog named Santa's Little Helper. <mask> has stated that he is a Boca Juniors supporter. He holds an Italian passport. players
Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield footballers
Clube Atlético Mineiro players
São Paulo FC players
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
Feyenoord players
Argentine Primera División players
Eliteserien players
Chilean Primera División players
Serie A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Argentine expatriate footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Brazil
Expatriate footballers in Chile
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Argentine people of Italian descent

masks:
Lucas David Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Lucas
Pratto
Lucas
Pratto
Pratto
Lucas
Lucas
Pratto
Lucas
Pratto
Lucas
Pratto
Pratto
Lucas Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Pratto
Lucas
Lucas
Pratto


title: Lee Roy Selmon

texts:
<mask> (October 20, 1954 – September 4, 2011) was an American professional football player and a college athletics administrator. He played college football as a defensive tackle at the University of Oklahoma, the youngest of three brothers to play football there. He was a consensus All-American in 1974 and 1975 and a member of consecutive national championship teams for the Oklahoma Sooners in 1974 and 1975. Selmon was selected by the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers as the first overall pick in the 1976 NFL draft. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons, from 1976 to 1984, all with the Buccaneers. <mask> joined the athletic department at the University of South Florida in 1993 and served as the school's athletic director from 2001 to 2004. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988 and the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1995.Early life
Selmon was the youngest of nine children of Lucious and <mask>, raised on a farm near Eufaula, Oklahoma. A National Honor Society member at Eufaula High School, he graduated in 1972 after playing football through high school. His two brothers also played football and went to the University of Oklahoma, which he attended and where he graduated. College career
In 1972, Selmon joined his brothers Lucious and <mask> in playing on the defensive line at the University of Oklahoma. He blossomed into a star in 1974, anchoring one of the best defenses in Oklahoma Sooners football history. The Sooners were national champions in 1974 and 1975. Selmon won the Lombardi Award and the Outland Trophy in 1975.Oklahoma head coach Barry Switzer called him the best player he ever coached, and College Football News placed him as the 21st-best college player of all time. Selmon was known as "The Gentle Giant." In the fall of 1999, Selmon was named to the Sports Illustrated 'NCAA Football All-Century Team.' <mask> was named a consensus All-American in 1974 and 1975 by Newspaper Enterprise Association. His list of achievements include the National Football Foundation Scholar-Athlete, GTE/CoSIDA Academic All-American, and Graduate Fellowship Winner National Football Foundation and Hall of Fame. The 1996 Walter Camp "Alumnus of the Year" was voted to the Oklahoma Sports Hall of Fame  in 1992. Statistics

Professional career
In 1976, Selmon was the first player picked in the NFL draft, the first-ever pick for the expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers.He joined older brother, Dewey, who was a second-round pick of the Bucs. In his first year, Selmon won the team's 'Rookie of the Year' and MVP awards. Selmon played in six straight Pro Bowls and was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 1979. Buccaneer assistant Abe Gibron said, "Selmon has no peers" at defensive end, while former Detroit Lions coach Monte Clark compared him to "a grown man at work among a bunch of boys". Selmon began his career on a team that lost its first 26 games in franchise history (including a winless inaugural season) and only won a total of seven games in his first three seasons. However, he helped the Bucs rebound to three playoff appearances in four years from 1979 to 1982. A back injury forced him to leave at the end of the 1984 season; the Bucs retired his number, 63, in 1986.He was elected to the Florida Sports Hall of Fame. In January 2008, Selmon was voted by a panel of former NFL players and coaches to Pro Football Weekly 's All-Time 3-4 defensive team along with Harry Carson, Curley Culp, Randy Gradishar, Howie Long, Lawrence Taylor and Andre Tippett. He was the first player to be inducted into the Tampa Bay Buccaneers' Ring of Honor on November 8, 2009. After football
Selmon stayed in Tampa, Florida, working as a bank executive and being active in many charities. From 1993 to 2001, Selmon served as an assistant athletic director at the University of South Florida under Paul Griffin. After Griffin was forced to resign, Selmon was promoted to take over the athletic department. As the USF Athletic Director, Selmon launched the football program, spearheaded the construction of a new athletic facility, and led the university's move into Conference USA, and into the Big East Conference.Citing health issues, <mask> resigned as the USF Athletic Director in 2004. He took the role as president of the USF Foundation Partnership for Athletics, an athletics fund-raising organization. Awards and honors
Selmon was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988. In 1995, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, becoming the first Hall of Famer to have earned his credentials primarily in Tampa Bay. (He was later joined by Warren Sapp in 2013 and Derrick Brooks in 2014.) Also in 1995, <mask> became the first Buccaneer, former or current, to participate in a Super Bowl when he joined the coin toss ceremonies for Super Bowl XXIX, joining fellow Class of 1995 members Kellen Winslow and then-U.S. Congressman Steve Largent who flipped the coin to end the ceremonies, along with 75th Anniversary team members Ray Nitschke (representing Henry Jordan who was inducted posthumously), Mean Joe Greene, Otto Graham and Gale Sayers.In 2010, he was ranked #98 on the top 100 greatest players of all time, as surveyed by NFL Network. In 2012, Selmon was posthumously inducted into the University of South Florida Athletic Hall of Fame. The <mask> Roy Selmon Expressway is named for him. The chain restaurants, <mask> Roy Selmon's, was named for him. As of 2018, all seven locations were no longer in business. Death
Selmon suffered a massive stroke on September 2, 2011, which left him hospitalized in extremely critical condition. His restaurant initially released a statement announcing his death; however, this was later confirmed to be false.In fact, at one point his condition was said to be improving. On September 4, 2011, Selmon died at the age of 56 from complications of the stroke. Visitation was scheduled for the following Thursday at the Exciting Central Tampa Baptist Church. The funeral was held the next day at Idlewild Baptist Church. Former teammates, the current Buccaneer team, the USF football team, other members of the NFL, and the general public attended. The USF football team wore a #63 decal on their helmets for the 2011 season, as did the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Both teams conducted a ceremony to honor Selmon the weekend following his death.He is buried in Trice Hill Cemetery in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. References

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s Restaurants

1954 births
2011 deaths
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Oklahoma Sooners football players
South Florida Bulls athletic directors
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League first overall draft picks
National Football League players with retired numbers
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Eufaula, Oklahoma
Players of American football from Tampa, Florida
Players of American football from Oklahoma
African-American players of American football
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award winners

masks:
Lee Roy Selmon
Selmon
Jessie Selmon
Dewey Selmon
Selmon
Selmon
Selmon
Lee
Lee
Lee Roy
Selmon


title: James M. Masters Sr.

texts:
<mask>. (June 11, 1911 – August 5, 1988) was a United States Marine Corps lieutenant general who during the course of his career served as a China Marine, fought in numerous battles in the Pacific during World War II and commanded units from platoon to division size. He received the Navy Cross for his actions during the Battle of Okinawa and was also a recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal during a military career that spanned the 35 years between 1933 and 1968. He died at his home in Washington, D.C. on 5 August 1988. Early life and education

<mask> (who was designated 'Sr.' after his namesake father died in 1936) was born 16 June 1911, in Atlanta, Georgia. When he was 12 years old, his grandfather (a one-time Confederate soldier in the 15th South Carolina Infantry Regiment) died, and his father moved his wife (<mask>) and three sons back to the family farm in Anderson, South Carolina. There, <mask> would frequently hunt his family's dinner.<mask> completed high school at Anderson in 1927 at age 16, delivering the valedictory speech when he was still only 16, saying, "If we fail to prepare for our role in society, we play falsely with our God, our country, and with the inner man, our conscience." Though he had appointments to both the United States Military Academy and the United States Naval Academy upon high school graduation, his father thought <mask> too young to enter immediately, and insisted that his son attend The Citadel for a year. A cousin, a Naval Academy graduate, encouraged him to attend Annapolis instead of West Point, which he did in 1929. His appointment before the Wall Street Crash of 1929 spared him from the business loss his father incurred. During his battleship cruise to the Azores, Halifax, and Bermuda in 1932, <mask> opted for the Marine Corps, observing "...that really made up my mind, because I’d read so much about Marine camaraderie. And I’d also observed it within Marine detachments on board ship, the close relationship between officers and men." He found a role model in Commandant of the Marine Corps John A. Lejeune, who had retired that year.Due to the Great Depression, the academy could only fund commissions for half of the graduating class in 1933, <mask> included. Marine Corps Career

Early career

<mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 1 June 1933, then reported to The Basic School at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. The financial difficulties of the time reached him even there. One of <mask>'s instructors, Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. (nicknamed "Bayonet Tony") took the young Marine under his wing to teach him in close combat. He graduated in May 1934 in the smallest-ever class: 20 academy graduates and one mustang. <mask> was then assigned to the Marine Detachment aboard the . Captained by John W. Reeves Jr. at the time, the ship was the flagship of the Pacific Fleet, and <mask> was soon qualified as a watch officer In July 1935, he joined the 1st Marine Brigade at Marine Corps Base Quantico.Thanks to the expiration of the then-mandatory marriage waiting-period (for two years after graduation), <mask> was free to marry his sweetheart Dorice "Dottie" <mask>, who was the sister of his Naval Academy classmate and also newly commissioned 2nd Lt. William A. Kengla, on 14 September 1935. <mask> and Dottie maintained a friendship with Tony Biddle and his wife, Cordelia. In 1937, Biddle wrote a combat manual entitled Do or Die, noting in the dedication: "During the period of his service as instructor, the writer enjoyed the able assistance of Lieutenant <mask><mask>, USMC, and Lieutenant William A. Kengla USMC. The two latter named gentlemen were formerly pupils of the writer in Individual Combat at the United States Marine Corps Basic School for Officers: they are both fine swordsmen. Being of inventive genius, Lieutenants <mask> and Kengla devised several excellent new forms of attack and defense, as shown in this treatise." Biddle's bayonet techniques can still be seen in skills taught in recruit training today. After the Fleet Landing Exercises, which saw the  landing 1st Battalion 5th Marines at Culebra, Puerto Rico, during January to May 1936, <mask> became Personnel, Intelligence, and Communications Officer for the 1st Battalion, 1st Marine Brigade.He was promoted to first lieutenant in July 1936. In August of that year, <mask> assumed duties in the Headquarters Company, and began to express his desire to grow in leadership. In December, he became an aide-de-camp to Brigadier General <mask><mask>, the brigade commander. The brigade was soon transferred to the West Coast of the United States, where <mask> was detached from the unit for reassignment to the Fourth Marine Regiment in China. China
In February 1937, <mask> and his wife departed from the Wilmington neighborhood of Los Angeles on the liner SS President Polk for Shanghai, a trip he shared with First Lieutenant Victor H. Krulak, Lieutenant Colonel William H. Rupertus, and their wives. Because Dorice and Rupertus's wife Alice had gone to school together, <mask> earned his senior's trust and was offered a position in the elder's future command: 1st Battalion 4th Marines. In 1937, Charles F. B.Price commanded the regiment in China; Price’s wife Dolly was godmother to Dorice, and this connection got <mask> a prime assignment. He worked for LtCol Francis I. Fenton in the regiment's deputy Athletic Officer and Club Officer, and became editor for the regiment's newsweekly magazine, the Walla Walla, purportedly meaning "much talk" in Chinese. <mask> and his wife enjoyed an active social life through the Spring and early Summer – in the company of other Marines and members of the English-speaking community in Shanghai. But, the lively social scene unraveled on 7 July 1937, when the Marco Polo Bridge Incident signaled the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. In mid-August 1937, the Chinese attempted a bombing raid on the Japanese Fleet. The raid was ineffectual, a few bombs even strayed into the Shanghai International Settlement, killing civilians. But it gave <mask> his first ‘taste’ of combat, and he soon arranged to be given a command: a platoon and later Company F, under 2nd Battalion commander Roswell Winans.Despite being stationed in the Suzhou Creek, his platoon never directly engaged Japanese troops, but witnessed the Defense of Sihang Warehouse. After defending Americans from Japanese harassment until September 1938, he was temporarily assigned to the , in Shanghai port to supervise the security during loading of the gold and silver bullion that belonged to Chase Bank. On 16 August 1939, Dorice gave birth to a son, <mask>., who earned the nickname "Champ" after a slightly-inebriated suggestion from Bruno Hochmuth. The following month, <mask>. was promoted to captain. Interim

In November, he returned to the United States, and was assigned to Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., again under William Rupertus until June 1940. In March 1940, he became a company commander in the Marine Guard detachment at President Franklin D. Roosevelt's personal retreat at Warm Springs, Georgia, under the command of LtCol Charles T. Brooks, and became close to the president during an extended retreat. At one point, the guards performed silent exhibition drill for the president and patients  at the Roosevelt Warm Springs Institute for Rehabilitation.In June 1940, <mask> served briefly again at MCB Quantico during the Officer Candidates School's Platoon Leaders Course. In September, he was assigned to Marine Corps Base, Parris Island in South Carolina, as a battery commanding officer with the 4th Defense Battalion. He and his family were transferred with the battalion to Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba in February 1941. In November, they embarked on board the  with the battalion for Pearl Harbor, Hawaiithe week before the surprise attack there. World War II

The <mask> family arrived in Pearl Harbor on 1 December 1941. As the air attack raged on the Sunday morning of December 7, <mask> was slowed by gawking sight-seers on the road to Pearl, and couldn't make it to his post until the attack was over. President Roosevelt declared war the next day, and <mask> embarked aboard the  en route to and in command of the first reinforcements for Johnston Island on Christmas Day, not to see his family again for more than two years.<mask> would remain at Johnston Island until November 1942, receiving a Bronze Star for his service there, as well as a promotion to major in May. Shortly after <mask>' promotion, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz paid a visit to Johnston, boosting morale. <mask> then returned to Pearl Harbor to join the 10th Defense Battalion in November 1942. Later, as executive officer of the battalion, attached to the I Marine Amphibious Corps, he served in the Solomon and Russell Islands. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in April 1943. In August of that year, he commanded 2nd Battalion 1st Marines briefly in Australia prior to bringing the unit into combat again from December 1943 to February 1944 at the Battle of Cape Gloucester, again under the command of Rupertus, now the commanding general of the 1st Marine Division. New Britain
The Battle of Cape Gloucester was part of the larger New Britain campaign, named Operation Dexterity, in turn part of Operation Cartwheel of the Solomon Islands and New Guinea campaigns.While at Finschhafen preparing for the Cape Gloucester landings, General <mask> inquired of <mask>, "Young man, are you ready for this operation?" He replied, "More important, General, my troops are ready," which drew a grin from <mask>. <mask>' two-fold trail blocking mission was defensive in nature. Firstly, after landing at Green Beach (southwest of what is today Cape Gloucester Airport, near the western side of Mount Talawe), his battalion (code-named Stoneface Group) was to block attempts by enemy troops to retreat in a south-westerly direction from the main Japanese force at the airdrome. Secondly, in case the battle to capture the two airstrips was protracted, his command was to prevent Japanese reinforcements from the south. Once the airdrome was under Marine control, 2nd Battalion was to rejoin its regiment and link up with the rest of the 1st Division. On D-Day, the morning of 26 December 1943, the first wave of Landing Craft Mechanized landed as planned on Green beach.The landing was unopposed, and even after the Marines were ashore, no enemy resistance was encountered. By nightfall Stoneface Group had met all of its defensive position objectives and began patrolling vigorously inland to locate enemy troops. Except for a communication barrier due to mountainous terrain that made contact with division headquarters tedious, the first two days were without major incident, just a few skirmishes. As daylight faded on 29 December, the volume of Japanese fire from the jungle began to increase, signaling an imminent attack against Stoneface defenses. At about 2 AM the next morning, the Japanese made a Banzai charge, which cost the Marines 6 men killed at the point of attack. For a few moments, enemy troops occupied part of Stoneface Group's front lines, but were repulsed when Gunnery Sergeant Guiseppe [sic] Guilano Jr. stepped into the breach with a light machine gun. A second Japanese assault nearly overran Marine positions, but again it was beaten back, with Guilano (wounded seven times during the night) at the forefront.After the second failed assault, two further dispirited banzai attacks were stopped cold. As dawn broke, a casualty count found 6 Marines killed with 13 wounded, while enemy losses were counted by a burial detachment at 256 at the front lines (though another source indicates "at least 89 enemy dead,"). Five prisoners were captured, including a Japanese officer who spoke English. When <mask> learned of the captured officer, he sent a PT boat to deliver the prisoner to Finschhafen for interrogation. Later, <mask> sent a congratulatory dispatch indicating that the prisoner was the first Japanese officer of the war to be captured alive. <mask> recommended Guilano for the Medal of Honor for his heroics, but it was downgraded by Rupertus to a Navy Cross. Once the entire airdrome was firmly in Marine hands, General Rupertus raised the American flag there and dispatched the news to General Walter Krueger.No longer in need of the trail block west of Mount Talawe, General Rupertus ordered <mask> to secure his battalion and rejoin the division. After securing its wounded, equipment, and supplies, 2nd Battalion made a march from Green Beach into the division lines at the airdrome, at which point the Stoneface Group was disbanded on 12 January 1944. After a couple of days to rest, and attempts to dry out the "jungle rot" between rain squalls, <mask> and his battalion were reassigned to the 7th Marine Regiment, commanded by Julian 'Bull' Frisbie. When <mask> Lewis "Chesty" Puller, with whom he had served in China. Puller took the opportunity to indulge in some combat humor at the expense of <mask> (the junior officer) by belittling the 2nd Battalion's 'little fight' at the hands of the Banzai charging Japanese troops at Mt. Talawe. For his actions on Cape Gloucester, <mask> was awarded the Legion of Merit, somewhat unusual for a combat commander to receive, in place of the Silver Star.After 37 consecutive months overseas, he returned to the United States in March 1944 for duty at Headquarters Marine Corps with the Division of Plans and Policies, G-3. Upon seeing him for the first time in more than two years, his now-nearly five-year-old son didn't know who he was. In September, <mask> detached for duty at Pearl Harbor, and on Guam, Saipan, and Tinian. Okinawa
In November 1944, <mask> was transferred to the 7th Marine Regiment and began serving as executive officer at Pavuvu. From April to June 1945, he fought in the Battle of Okinawa, where he earned the Navy Cross for manning a vital observation post under heavy attack during the assault on Dakeshi Ridge. Post-war

<mask> returned to China in October 1945 as the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 for 1st Marine Division at Tientsin until he returned to the United States in March 1946. He was again assigned to Headquarters Marine Corps where, in May 1946, he began a two-year assignment in the Inspection Division.In May 1948, he was ordered to the Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, serving as executive officer, and later, commanding officer of the Basic School. He was promoted to colonel in August 1949. In September 1950, he was transferred to Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, to assume command of the 8th Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division for 18 months. He attended the National War College from August 1952 to June 1953, then  became a member of the Joint Strategic Plans Group, for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, for two years. In August 1955, <mask> took command of the 4th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division, at Marine Corps Air Station Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii until he was named Fleet Marine Force, Pacific Liaison Officer to the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet in June 1956. While serving in this capacity, he was promoted to brigadier general in July 1957. He returned to Headquarters Marine Corps as assistant chief of staff, Marine Corps Intelligence G-2 in September 1957.He was assigned additional duty as Inspector General of the Marine Corps in June 1960, and was promoted to major general the following month. He continued in the post until July 1961. <mask> assumed command of 1st Marine Division at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California, on 31 July 1961, until June 1962, when he became the commanding general of the base. He returned to Okinawa in May 1963 to command 3rd Marine Division. He then commanded Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island from 19 June 1964 to 15 June 1966. Promoted to lieutenant general on 1 July 1966, he was assigned duty as commandant, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. In January 1968, Marine Corps Schools was redesignated Marine Corps Development and Education Command, and <mask>'s title was changed to "Commanding General".<mask> was presented the Navy Distinguished Service Medal by Commandant Leonard F. Chapman Jr. during his retirement ceremony at Quantico, 28 June 1968. He died at his home in Washington, D.C. on 5 August 1988.<mask> was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia. Awards & honors
A complete list of his medals and decorations includes:

Navy Cross citation
The President of the United States takes pride in presenting the Navy Cross to
<mask>. <mask>Lieutenant ColonelU.S. Marine Corps
for service as set forth in the following citation:
For extraordinary heroism as Executive Officer of the Seventh Marines, First Marine Division, in action against enemy Japanese forces during the assault on Dakeshi Ridge, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, from 10 to 12 May 1945. On 10 May, when the advance of the Regiment was checked by a strong hostile force, Lieutenant Colonel <mask> unhesitatingly went forward of the front lines on reconnaissance and obtained information concerning the Japanese and unfamiliar terrain which enabled a successful attack to be made the following day. On 11 May, he established an advanced observation post in the only possible position on the front lines from which the attack that day could be observed and directed and, despite unusually heavy casualties at the post from intense enemy mortar and small-arms fire, continued to man it and report information vital to the capture of desperately defended Dakeshi Ridge, Moving the observation post forward again on 12 May, he advanced under intense hostile fire to the Ridge before that ground had been completely seized by assault troops and, although the Japanese continued to inflict heavy casualties on his force, persevered in his mission to observe the enemy and terrain, thus securing information which aided materially in the formulation of successful plans for continuing the attack. His inspiring leadership, courage and unremitting devotion to duty throughout were in keeping with the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.See also

 List of notable United States Marines

Notes

References

 World War II: A Compact History, by Colonel R. Earnest Dupuy (1969) – Hawthorn Books, Inc. External links

1911 births
1988 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
People from Anderson, South Carolina
People from Atlanta
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Naval Academy alumni

masks:
James Marvin Masters Sr
James Marvin Masters
Cecilia Hale Masters
James
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Mary Kengla
James
James M
. Masters
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James J
. Meade
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Masters Sr
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Douglas MacArthur
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title: Bhumika Chawla

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 21 August 1978) is an Indian actress and a former model known for her work predominantly in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil films. She made her film debut in the Telugu film Yuvakudu (2000). Her notable performances include appearances in films such as Kushi (2001), Okkadu (2003), Tere Naam (2003), Missamma (2003), Sillunu Oru Kaadhal (2006), Gandhi, My Father (2007), Anasuya (2007), Buddy (2013), M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story (2016 ), MCA (2017), and U Turn (2018). She has won four Nandi Awards, one Filmfare Awards South, one SIIMA award. Early life
Chawla was born in a Punjabi family in New Delhi, India and completed her schooling there. Her father is a retired Army officer.<mask> has two siblings, an elder brother and sister. She moved to Mumbai in 1997 and started her career with Ad films and Hindi music video albums. She appeared in the Zee TV series Hip Hip Hurray and Star Best Sellers - Fursat Mein. Career
Chawla started off her film career in the Telugu film industry, starring in the feature film Yuvakudu (2000) alongside actor Sumanth. Her second release, Kushi (2001), in which she starred opposite Pawan Kalyan was a box office success, winning her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu following which she acted in several films in Telugu, including Okkadu (2003) opposite Mahesh Babu and Simhadri (2003) opposite Jr. NTR, which became two of the year's highest grossers in Telugu. Meanwhile, she made her debut in the Tamil film industry as well, starring in the film Badri (2001) opposite actor Vijay, which was followed by her second Tamil film Roja Kootam (2002). Her performance in Missamma (2003), as a businesswoman with cancer, was applauded.She was nominated for the FilmfareAward for Best Actress – Telugu and won the Nandi Award for Best Actress. After a number of critically and commercially successful films in the South, Chawla starred in her first Bollywood film, Tere Naam (2003), alongside Salman Khan. The film was one of the year's highest grossers. It was a critical success and her performance in the film won her many positive notices as well as several nominations for Best Debut at different award ceremonies. She was nominated for her first Filmfare Best Actress Award and won the Best Debut trophy at the Zee Cine Awards ceremony. Subsequently, she starred in a number of Hindi films including Run (2004), a remake of the same-named Tamil film, Dil Ne Jise Apna Kahaa (2004), again opposite Salman Khan, Silsilay (2005) and Dil Jo Bhi Kahey... (2005) alongside Amitabh Bachchan. She returned to Telugu, acting in the films Naa Autograph (2004) (a remake of the Tamil film Autograph) and Jai Chiranjeeva, alongside Chiranjeevi and Sameera Reddy.While <mask>'s performance in the former won her accolades and the CineMAA Jury Award for Best Actress, the latter became a super hit film. In 2006, Chawla appeared in the Tamil film Sillunu Oru Kaadhal, alongside real-life couple Surya and Jyothika which became a big hit worldwide, while playing a vital role in the Hindi film Family - Ties of Blood, in which she shared screen space with Amitabh Bachchan and Akshay Kumar, and starring in the Telugu fantasy film, Mayabazar. Following this, she acted in the Hindi film Gandhi, My Father as Gulab Gandhi and played the title roles in the Telugu films Sathyabhama, in which she played a woman who has Short-term memory loss, and Anasuya, a crime thriller, and in the Bhojpuri film, Gangotri (2007 film), a sequel to the successful 2006 Bhojpuri film Ganga, acting again alongside Amitabh Bachchan. Her performance in Anasuya (2007), as an Investigative journalist who covers the case of a serial killer, received critical acclaim. She was nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu and won the Santosham Best Actress Award. In 2008, she made her debut in the Punjabi film industry, starring in Yaariyan, opposite Gurdas Maan, following which she debuted in Malayalam as well, starring in Bhramaram alongside Mohanlal. Currently, she is working on half-a-dozen films in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi, which include Thangar Bachan's Kalavadiya Pozhudugal opposite Prabhu Deva in Tamil, Yagam alongside Navdeep in Telugu .She also appeared in the 2016 movie M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story. She portrayed the character of MS dhoni's sister in the movie. She has done MCA in Telugu in the year 2017 for which she got the Best Supporting Actress SIIMA and Zee Apsara Best Supporting Actress. She also appeared in Telugu - Tamil U Turn which got great reviews. She marked her debut in Web Series with Bhram in 2018 alongside Kalki Koechlin and Sanjay Suri. She is currently working in two Telugu films, Seetimaar and Idhe  Maa Katha and Operation Majnu, which are due for release in 2021.<mask> will be next seen in her upcoming sports action movie 'Seetimaarr'. Directed by Sampath Nandi. The movie star cast also includes Gopichand, Tamannaah, Digangana Suryavanshi. Personal life
<mask> married her long-time boyfriend and yoga teacher Bharat Thakur on 21 October 2007 at Devlali, Nashik in a Gurdwara. She went regularly to Thakur's courses and is said to have dated him for four years before marrying him. The couple has a son born in February 2014.

masks:
Bhumika Chawla
Rachna Chawla
Bhumika
Chawla
Chawla
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title: Robert D. Bohn

texts:
<mask> (November 30, 1921 – November 3, 2002) was a highly decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps, reaching the rank of major general. He served in three wars and concluded his career as commanding general of Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune. Biography

World War II

<mask> was born in Neenah, Wisconsin, on November 30, 1921, and, following high school, he graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of San Francisco. During his university studies, <mask> enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve in August 1942 and following his graduation in April 1944, he was commissioned a second lieutenant on May 3, 1944. He was then sent to the Officer Candidates School at Quantico, Virginia, for officer training. After ten weeks of hard drill, Bohn sailed to the Pacific area to be assign to the Marine detachment aboard the light aircraft carrier USS Monterey. While aboard that vessel, his detachment took part in the support actions during the landings at Leyte and Mindoro in the Philippines in fall 1944.<mask> later participated in the support operations during Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations in early 1945 and received Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V". Upon the end of the War, <mask> remained in active service and after his transfer to the United States, he spent some time with the Marine barracks in Boston, Massachusetts. He later reached the rank of first lieutenant and was appointed officer in charge of the District Headquarters Recruiting station in Omaha, Nebraska. <mask> returned to Pacific in 1949, when was attached to the Marine barracks at Guam. Korean War

<mask> was later transferred to the 3rd Battalion under Lieutenant Colonel <mask> and appointed commanding officer of "G" Company. With the outbreak of the Korean War, <mask> sailed to Korea with his company and took part in the Battle of Pusan Perimeter within 1st Marine Division under Major General Oliver P. Smith in August 1950 and his task was to lead his "G" Company up to the hill held by enemy in the vicinity of Kosong. Advancing under enemy rifle and machine gun fire, <mask> was wounded in the shoulder and neck, but refused to be evacuated and continued to personally lead and deploy his troops in an effective attack.Only until all enemy forces were annihilated did he allow himself to be taken to the rear and his wounds to be dressed. For this act of valor, Lieutenant <mask> was decorated with the Silver Star. Following his recovery from his wounds, <mask> returned to his "G" Company and later took part in the Battle of Inchon in September 1950, where he led his company up to the radio hill near Wolmido and subsequently secured the nearby Sowolmi-do. <mask> later participated in the Second Battle of Seoul at the end of September 1950 and reached the rank of captain. He was wounded again and succeeded by first lieutenant Charles D. Mize in command of "G" Company. <mask> was subsequently sent back to the United States for treatment. Post Korea service
In April 1952, <mask> was appointed to the prestigious capacity of naval aide to General Omar Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.He served in this capacity until July 1953, when he was ordered to the special course at Amphibious Warfare School at Quantico, Virginia. Upon graduation from the course in 1954, <mask> was attached as operations officer (S-3) to the Training Unit-I under Lieutenant Colonel Regan Fuller at Camp Pendleton, where he participated in the development of new combat tactics and techniques. While in that capacity, he received promotion to the rank of major in December 1954. <mask> was ordered to Okinawa, Japan in September 1956 and appointed Operations officer of 9th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division under Major General Alan Shapley. While in Japan, 3rd Marine Division took part in defense of Far Eastern area in a tense situation after the Korean War. His tour of duty ended in December 1957, when he was ordered to the staff of the Marine Corps Schools Quantico as an Instructor of Tactics within Junior Course. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel on July 1, 1960.He left United States during 1961 and sailed to the United Kingdom as a student at Joint Services Staff College in Latimer, England. <mask> graduated in April 1962 and subsequently served as U.S. representative for Amphibious Warfare at British Ministry of Defence. Dominican crisis
Lieutenant Colonel <mask> returned stateside in October 1964 and assumed duties as commanding officer 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Shortly before the outbreak of Communist-attempted coup in Dominican Republic in April 1965, <mask>'s unit was designated "Ready battalion" within 2nd Marine Division. That meant that battalion was brought up to full strength in both men and equipment. <mask> decided to take his battalion to conditioning march from Camp Lejeune to Fort Bragg, but division commander, Major General Ormond R. Simpson, disallowed it. <mask> argued vehemently in the favor of the march, but Simpson was unmoved.<mask> continued to argue and finally got his permission for the march. After two days of march, crisis in the Dominican Republic broke. <mask> as commander of "Ready battalion", constantly called the division headquarters and asked if he should return to Camp Lejeune. The Simpson's response was negative. Bohn called general Simpson several times during the march, but answer was still negative. After several days, the 2nd battalion reached Fort Bragg and <mask> was informed by division chief of staff, Colonel John R. Chaisson, that designation "Ready battalion" was switched to 1st Battalion, 6th Marines by general Simpson. The 1st Battalion already began with the preparation for the deployment to the Dominican Republic, and <mask>'s battalion stayed in the States.He was transferred to Washington, D.C., in October 1965 and assumed duties as a member of NATO Military Posture Study group, Joint Chiefs of Staff. While in Washington, <mask> attended George Washington University and graduated with a master's degree. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in June 1966 and ordered to the course at Industrial College of the Armed Forces. Vietnam War
<mask> graduated in June 1967 and received orders for deployment in Vietnam. He joined the staff of 1st Marine Division under the command of Major General <mask> J<mask> and was assigned to Division Operations Officer. His division took part in the combats in Quế Sơn Valley at that time and <mask> assumed command of 5th Marine Regiment on October 17, 1967. He led his regiment during Operation Auburn in December 1967 at Go Noi Island south of Danang.This search and destroy mission was launched on December 28 and <mask> assumed operational command of the operation. He came under enemy mortar fire, but remain calm and led his units during the attack on entrenched enemy positions. <mask> deployed his command in forward area and continued in operation until January 3, 1968. For his gallantry in action and leadership, <mask> was decorated with his second Silver Star. When enemy launched Tet Offensive at the end of January 1968, his regiment took part in the street fighting during the Battle of Huế. <mask> was transferred to the staff of 1st Marine Division at the beginning of May and appointed assistant chief of staff for operations. He took part in Operation Allen Brook in the summer of 1968 and received the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" for his service in this capacity.<mask> was ordered back to the States in July 1968 and appointed secretary of the general staff at Headquarters Marine Corps under Lieutenant General William J. Van Ryzin. While in this capacity, he was decorated with the recently established Meritorious Service Medal. <mask> was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on September 10, 1969, and appointed assistant division commander, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Brigadier General <mask> also served as temporary division commander from June 5 to September 28, 1971, when his superior, Major General Michael P. Ryan was appointed Deputy Commander Fleet Marine Force Atlantic. He was relieved by Major General Fred E. Haynes Jr. at the end of September of that year and subsequently ordered back to Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., as assistant chief of staff for programs. He was promoted to the rank of major general on May 1, 1973, and assumed duties as commanding general of Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune on August 22 of that year.In this capacity, <mask> was co-responsible for the marine military training on the East Coast in the later part of Vietnam War. For his service in this capacity, he was decorated with his second Legion of Merit. Major General <mask><mask> retired from the Marine Corps service on September 1, 1974, after 32 years of service to his country. Retirement

Following his retirement from the Marine Corps, he was active in business and founded Courts Royal Racquetball Clubs. <mask> later lived in Alexandria, Virginia, before he moved to Falls Church, Virginia. Major General <mask><mask> died of pneumonia on November 3, 2002, at Fairfax Nursing Center. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery together with his wife Anna Marie Serocca.They had together two daughters, Barbara and Nancy. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Major General <mask><mask>:

References

1921 births
2002 deaths
People from Neenah, Wisconsin
Military personnel from Wisconsin
University of San Francisco alumni
George Washington University School of Business alumni
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
United States Marine Corps generals
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

masks:
Robert Dewey Bohn
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Robert Taplett
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Donn
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Robert D
. Bohn
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Robert D
. Bohn