title: Lytton Strachey

texts:
<mask> (; 1 March 1880 – 21 January 1932) was an English writer and critic. A founding member of the Bloomsbury Group and author of Eminent Victorians, he is best known for establishing a new form of biography in which psychological insight and sympathy are combined with irreverence and wit. His biography Queen Victoria (1921) was awarded the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Early life and education

Youth
<mask> was born on 1 March 1880 at Stowey House, Clapham Common, London, the fifth son and eleventh child of Lieutenant General Sir <mask>, an officer in the British colonial armed forces, and his second wife, the former Jane Grant, who became a leading supporter of the women's suffrage movement. He was named "<mask>" after an early sixteenth-century Gyles <mask> and the first Earl of Lytton, who had been a friend of <mask>'s when he was Viceroy of India in the late 1870s. The Earl of Lytton was also <mask>'s godfather. The <mask>s had thirteen children in total, ten of whom survived to adulthood, including Lytton's sister <mask> and youngest brother, the psychoanalyst, <mask>.When <mask> was four years old the family moved from Stowey House to 69 Lancaster Gate, north of Kensington Gardens. This was their home until Sir Richard retired 20 years later. Lady <mask> was an enthusiast for languages and literature, making her children perform their own plays and write verse from early ages. She thought that Lytton had the potential to become a great artist so she decided that he would receive the best education possible in order to be "enlightened." By 1887 he had begun the study of French, and he was to admire French culture throughout his life. <mask> was educated at a series of schools, beginning at Parkstone, Dorset. This was a small school with a wide range of after-class activities, where <mask>'s acting skills exceeded those of other pupils; he was particularly convincing when portraying female parts.He told his mother how much he liked dressing as a woman in real life to confuse and entertain others. Lady <mask> decided in 1893 that her son should start his more serious education and sent him to Abbotsholme School in Rocester, Derbyshire, where pupils were required to do manual work every day. <mask>, who always had a fragile physique, objected to this requirement and after few months he was transferred to Leamington College, where he became a victim of savage bullying. Sir Richard, however, told his son to "grin and bear the petty bullying." <mask> did eventually adapt to the school and became one of its best pupils. In the 1960s one of the four 'houses' at the school was named after him. His health also seems to have improved during the three years he spent at Leamington, although various illnesses continued to plague him.When <mask> turned seventeen, in 1897, Lady <mask> decided that he was ready to leave school and go to university, but because she thought he was too young for Oxford she decided that he should first attend a smaller institution, the University of Liverpool. There <mask> befriended the Professor of Modern Literature, Walter Raleigh, who, besides being his favourite teacher, also became the most influential figure in his life before he went up to Cambridge. In 1899 <mask> took the Christ Church scholarship examination, wanting to get into Balliol College, Oxford, but the examiners determined that <mask>'s academic achievements were not remarkable and were struck by his "shyness and nervousness." They recommended Lincoln College as a more suitable institution, advice that Lady <mask> took as an insult, deciding then that he would attend Trinity College, Cambridge, instead. Cambridge
<mask> was admitted as a Pensioner at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 30 September 1899. He became an Exhibitioner in 1900 and a Scholar in 1902. He won the Chancellor's Medal for English Verse in 1902 and was given a B.A.degree after he had won a second class in the History Tripos in June 1903. He did not however take leave of Trinity, but remained until October 1905 to work on a thesis that he hoped would gain him a fellowship. <mask> was often ill and had to leave Cambridge repeatedly to recover from the palpitations that affected him. <mask>'s years at Cambridge were happy and productive. Among the freshmen at Trinity there were three with whom <mask> soon became closely associated: Clive Bell, Leonard Woolf and Saxon Sydney-Turner. With another undergraduate, A. J. Robertson, these students formed a group called the Midnight Society, which, in the opinion of Bell, was the source of the Bloomsbury Group. Other close friends at Cambridge were Thoby Stephen and his sisters Vanessa and Virginia Stephen (later Bell and Woolf respectively).<mask> also belonged to the Conversazione Society, the Cambridge Apostles to which Tennyson, Hallam, Maurice, and Sterling had once belonged. The Apostles formulated an elitist doctrine of "Higher Sodomy" which differentiated the homosexual acts of the intelligent from those of "ordinary" men. In these years <mask> was highly prolific in writing verse, much of which has been preserved and some of which was published at the time. <mask> also became acquainted with other men who greatly influenced him, including G. Lowes Dickinson, John Maynard Keynes, Walter Lamb (brother of the painter Henry Lamb), George Mallory, Bertrand Russell and G. E. Moore. Moore's philosophy, with its assumption that the summum bonum lies in achieving a high quality of humanity, in experiencing delectable states of mind and in intensifying experience by contemplating great works of art, was a particularly important influence. In the summer of 1903 <mask> applied for a position in the Education Department of the Civil Service. Even though the letters of recommendation written for him by those under whom he had studied showed that he was held in high esteem at Cambridge, he failed to get the appointment and decided to try for a fellowship at Trinity College.From 1903 through 1905 he wrote a 400-page dissertation on Warren Hastings, the eighteenth-century Indian Imperialist, but the work failed to secure <mask> the fellowship and led to his return to London. Career

Beginnings
After <mask> left Cambridge in 1905, his mother assigned him a bed-sitting room at 69 Lancaster Gate. After the family moved to 67 Belsize Gardens in Hampstead, and later to another house in the same street, he was assigned other bed-sitters. But, as he was about to turn 30, family life started irritating him, and he took to travelling into the country more often, supporting himself by writing reviews and critical articles for The Spectator and other periodicals. In 1909 he spent some weeks at a health spa in Saltsjöbaden, near Stockholm in Sweden. In this period he also lived for a while in a cottage on Dartmoor and about 1911–12 spent a whole winter at East Ilsley on the Berkshire Downs. During this time he decided to grow a beard, which became his most characteristic feature.On 9 May 1911 he wrote to his mother:The chief news is that I have grown a beard! Its colour is very much admired, and it is generally considered extremely effective, though some ill-bred persons have been observed to laugh. It is a red-brown of the most approved tint, and makes me look like a French decadent poet—or something equally distinguished. In 1911 H. A. L. Fisher, a former President of the British Academy and of the Board of Education, was in search of someone to write a short one-volume survey of French literature. Fisher had read one of <mask>'s reviews ("Two Frenchmen," Independent Review (1903)) and asked him to write an outline in 50,000 words, giving him J. W. Mackail's Latin Literature (1909) as a model. Landmarks in French Literature, dedicated to "J[ane] M[aria] S[trachey]," his mother, was published on 12 January 1912. Despite almost a full column of praise in The Times Literary Supplement of 1 February and sales that by April 1914 had reached nearly 12,000 copies in the British Empire and America, the book brought <mask> neither the fame he craved nor the money he badly needed.Eminent Victorians and later career
Soon after the publication of Landmarks, <mask>'s mother and his friend Harry Norton supported him financially. Each provided him with £100, which, together with his earnings from the Edinburgh Review and other periodicals, made it possible for him to rent a small thatched cottage, The Lacket, outside the village of Lockeridge, near Marlborough, Wiltshire. He lived there until 1916 and it was there that he wrote the first three parts of Eminent Victorians. <mask>'s theory of biography was now fully developed and mature. He was greatly influenced by Dostoyevsky, whose novels he had been reading and reviewing as they appeared in Constance Garnett's translations. The influence of Freud was important on <mask>'s later works, most notably on Elizabeth and Essex, but not at this earlier stage. In 1916 <mask> <mask> was back in London, living with his mother at 6 Belsize Park Gardens, Hampstead, where she had now moved.In the late autumn of 1917, however, his brother Oliver and his friends Harry Norton, John Maynard Keynes and Saxon Sydney-Turner agreed to pay the rent on the Mill House at Tidmarsh, near Pangbourne, Berkshire. From 1904 to 1914 <mask> contributed book and theatre reviews to The Spectator. Under the pseudonym "Ignotus", he also published a number of drama reviews. During the First World War, <mask> applied for recognition as a conscientious objector, but in the event he was granted exemption from military service on health grounds. He spent much of the war with like-minded people such as Lady Ottoline Morrell and the Bloomsburys. His first great success, and his most famous achievement, was Eminent Victorians (1918), a collection of four short biographies of Victorian heroes. Unlike any biography of its time, Eminent Victorians examines the career and psychology of historical figures by using literary devices such as paradox, antithesis, hyperbole, and irony.This work was followed by another in the same style, Queen Victoria (1921). From then on, <mask> needed no further financial aid. He continued to live at Tidmarsh until 1924, when he moved to Ham Spray House near Marlborough, Wiltshire. This was his home for the rest of his life. Death
<mask> died of stomach cancer on 21 January 1932, aged 51. It is reported that his final words were: "If this is dying, then I don't think much of it." Personal life and sexuality
Though <mask> spoke openly about his homosexuality with his Bloomsbury friends, and had relationships with a variety of men including Ralph Partridge, details of <mask>'s sexuality were not widely known until the publication of a biography by Michael Holroyd in the late 1960s.The painter Dora Carrington and <mask> had a lifelong, open, loving but platonic relationship. They eventually established a permanent home together at Ham Spray House, where Carrington would paint and <mask> would educate her in literature. In 1921, Carrington agreed to marry Ralph Partridge, not for love but to secure a three-way relationship. Partridge eventually formed a relationship with Frances Marshall, another Bloomsbury member. Shortly after <mask> died, Carrington committed suicide. Partridge married Frances Marshall in 1933. <mask> was mainly interested sexually in Partridge, as well as in various other young men, including a secret sadomasochistic relationship with Roger Senhouse (later the head of the publishing house Secker & Warburg).<mask>'s letters, edited by Paul Levy, were published in 2005. In popular culture
Virginia Woolf's husband Leonard Woolf said that in her experimental novel The Waves, "there is something of Lytton in Neville." <mask> is also said to have been the inspiration behind the character of St John Hirst in her novel The Voyage Out. Michael Holroyd describes <mask> as the inspiration behind Cedric Furber in Wyndham Lewis's The Self-Condemned. In Lewis's novel The Apes of God he is seen in the character of Matthew Plunkett, whom Holroyd describes as "a maliciously distorted and hilarious caricature of <mask>." In the Terminus Note in E. M. Forster's Maurice, Forster remarks that the Cambridge undergraduate Risley in the novel is based on <mask>. <mask> was portrayed by Jonathan Pryce in the film Carrington (1995), which won the Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival that year, while Pryce won Best Actor for his performance.In the film Al sur de Granada (2003), <mask> was portrayed by James Fleet. <mask> was portrayed by Ed Birch in the 2015 mini-series Life in Squares. Works

Academic works and biographies
 Landmarks in French Literature (1912)
 Eminent Victorians: Cardinal Manning, Florence Nightingale, Dr Arnold, General Gordon (1918)
 Queen Victoria (1921)
 Books and Characters (1922)
 Elizabeth and Essex: A Tragic History (1928)
 Portraits in Miniature and Other Essays (1931)

Posthumous publications
 Characters and Commentaries, ed. <mask> (1933)
 Spectatorial Essays, ed. <mask> (1964)
 Ermyntrude and Esmeralda. An Entertainment, illus. Erté (1969)
 Lytton <mask> by Himself: A Self-Portrait, ed.Michael Holroyd (1971) ()
 The Really Interesting Question, and Other Papers, ed. Paul Levy (1972)
 The Shorter Strachey, ed. Michael Holroyd and Paul Levy (1980)
 The Letters of Lytton <mask>, ed. Paul Levy (2005) ()
 Unpublished Works of Lytton Strachey: Early Papers, ed. Todd Avery (2011)

References

Sources
Bell, Millicent. "Lytton <mask>’s Eminent Victorians" in Meyers, Jeffrey (ed.) The Biographer’s Art, London: Macmillan, 1989, 53–55.Diment, G. "Nabokov and Strachey". Comparative Literature Studies 27.4 (1990): 285–97. Ferns, John. <mask> <mask>, Boston: Twayne, 1988. Fromm, Harold. "Holroyd/Strachey/Shaw: Art and Archives in Literary Biography", The Hudson Review, 42.2 (1989): 201–221. Hattersley, Roy."<mask> <mask>’s Elegant, Energetic Character Assassinations Destroyed For Ever the Pretensions of the Victorian Age to Moral Supremacy", New Statesman (12 August 2002)
Holroyd, Michael. Lytton Strachey, 1994,  (paperback)
Kallich, Martin. The Psychological Milieu of Lytton Strachey, NY: Bookman Associates, 1961. MacCarthy, Desmond. <mask> Strachey: The Art of Biography, "Sunday Times" 5 November 1933: 8. Sanders, Charles Richard. <mask> Strachey: his mind and art,  New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957.Taddeo, Julie Anne Taddeo. Lytton Strachey and the Search for Modern Sexual Identity, Binghamton: Harrington Park Press, 2002. External links

 Lincoln Allison (Reader in Politics, University of Warwick) Colourful Eminence – Lytton Strachey's Eminent Victorians: a Retrospective Review Social Affairs Unit Web Review, July 2005
 S. P. Rosenbaum, '<mask>, (Giles) <mask> (1880–1932)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, September 2004; online edn, May 2006
 Charleston Farmhouse

1880 births
1932 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Bloomsbury Group
English conscientious objectors
English biographers
English essayists
English literary critics
English people of Scottish descent
English LGBT poets
British gay writers
People from Wiltshire
Lytton
Deaths from stomach cancer
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
20th-century biographers
Male essayists
People educated at Abbotsholme School
English male poets
20th-century English poets
20th-century essayists
20th-century English male writers
Deaths from cancer in England
Male biographers

masks:
Giles Lytton Strachey
Strachey
Richard Strachey
Giles Lytton
Strachey
Richard Strachey
Lton Strachey
Strachey
Dorothy Strachey
James Strachey
Lytton
Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
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Strachey
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Strachey
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Strachey
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Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
Lytton
Strachey
Strachey
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Strachey
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Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
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Strachey
Lytton
Strachey
Lytton
Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
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James Strachey
James Strachey
Strachey
Strachey
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Lytton
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title: Francisco Filho (martial artist)

type: original

texts:
<mask>Chiquinho<mask> (born January 10, 1971) is a Brazilian Kyokushin Karateka and kickboxer. He is one of the few karate-ka to have successfully completed the 100 man kumite more than once. He holds notable K-1 wins over Sam Greco, Andy Hug, Remy Bonjasky, Ernesto Hoost, Peter Aerts and Stefan Leko. Career
<mask> started Kyokushin kaikan around age of 10 and received black belt six and half years later. He made his professional K-1 fighting debut on July 20, 1997 at the K-1 Dream '97 tournament against Kyokushin and Seidokaikan fighter Andy Hug. This was their second encounter, the first being at the 5th Kyokushin World Tournament in 1991 that resulted in a controversial knockout victory for <mask> with a technique that connected after the bell rang. The second fight was also won by <mask> quickly earning the Brazilian a large fan base in Japan as well as making him one of the then top contenders for the K-1 World GP Championship title.International reception was mixed, however, with Dave Meltzer and other pundits expressing their belief that Hug's loss was a fight fixed in order to set Filho up as a new star. <mask> has since held championship titles in both K-1 as well as in IKO Kyokushinkaikan. He has not taken part in any major competition since 2004 but remains active developing young fighters and in overseeing Brazil’s Kyokushin national team. In 2012, he appeared on The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil coaching with Vitor Belfort. Titles and accomplishments
Kickboxing
2001 K-1 World Grand Prix Runner Up
2001 K-1 World Grand Prix in Fukuoka Repechage A Champion
2000 K-1 World GP in Yokohama Champion
Kyokushin
1999  7th Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament IKO 1 (defeated Hajime Kazumi)
1997  1st Kyokushin World Weight Tournament Heavyweight
1995  6th Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament IKO 1 (lost to Hajime Kazumi)
1995  Brazilian Open
1994  Mundialito Open
1994  7th South American Championships
1993  Brazilian Open
1992  6th South American Championships
1992  Brazilian Open
1991 5th Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament final 16 (lost to Kenji Yamaki)
1991  Uruguayan Open Karate Championships
1990  Paulista Championships
1990  Brazilian Open
1989  5th South American Championships
1989  Paulista Championships
1988  Paulista Championships Juniors
1988 Brazilian Open 6th place
1987 Brazilian Open 7th place
1987  Paulista Championships Juniors
1986  Paulista Championships Juniors
1985  Paulista Championships Juniors
 In 1995 Fancisco <mask> completed 100 man kumite in Brazil and in Japan. Kickboxing record

|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-05-30 || Win ||align=left| Remy Bonjasky || Kyokushin vs K-1 2004 All Out Battle || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 16-7-2
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2003-12-31 || Win ||align=left| Toa || K-1 PREMIUM 2003 Dynamite!! || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 15-7-2
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2003-10-11 || Loss ||align=left| Stefan Leko || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Final Elimination || Osaka, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 14-7-2
|-  bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2003-07-13 || Draw ||align=left| Mike Bernardo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || Decision draw || 5 || 3:00 || 14-6-2
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2001-12-18 || Loss ||align=left| Mark Hunt || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Final || Tokyo, Japan || Ext R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 || 3:00 || 14-6-1
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-12-18 || Win ||align=left| Alexey Ignashov || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Semi Finals || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 14-5-1
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-12-18 || Win ||align=left| Peter Aerts || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Quarter Finals || Tokyo, Japan || TKO (Corner stoppage) || 2 || 3:00 || 13-5-1
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-10-08 || Win ||align=left| Lloyd van Dams || K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Fukuoka Final || Fukuoka, Japan || Ext.R Decision (Majority) || 4 || 3:00 || 12-5-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1997-07-20 || Win ||align=left| Andy Hug || K-1 Dream '97 || Nagoya, Japan || KO (Right hook) || 1 || 2:37 || 1-0
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
List of K-1 events
List of K-1 champions
List of male kickboxers

References

1971 births
Living people
Brazilian male kickboxers
Heavyweight kickboxers
Brazilian male karateka
Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People from Bahia
Brazilian expatriates in Japan
Kyokushin kaikan practitioners

masks:
Francisco "
" Alves Filho
Francisco Filho
Filho
Filho
Filho
Filho


title: Shashi Kapoor

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 18 March 1938 – 4 December 2017) was an Indian actor and film producer who is best known for his work in Hindi films. A recipient of several accolades, including four National Film Awards and two Filmfare Awards, he also featured in a number of English-language international films, particularly films produced by Merchant Ivory. The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan in 2011, and the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, in 2014, for his contribution to Indian cinema. Born into the <mask> family, <mask> was the third and youngest son of <mask>. He began his career as a child actor in his brother <mask>'s directorial Aag (1948), and had his first role as an adult in Yash Chopra's political drama Dharmputra (1961). <mask> was married to English actress <mask>, <mask> and Sanjana Thapar. He died at the age of 79 due to aspiration pneumonia.Early life
<mask> <mask> was born as Balbir <mask> to Prithviraj <mask> and his wife in Calcutta, British India, on 18 March 1938. He was the youngest brother of <mask> and Shammi <mask>. <mask> acted in plays, directed and produced by his father Prithviraj <mask>, while travelling with Prithvi Theatres. He started acting in films as a child in the late 1940s under the name of <mask>, as there was already another actor by the same name who used to act in mythological films as a child artiste. His best-known performances as a child actor were in Aag (1948) and Awaara (1951), where he played the younger version of the characters played by his older brother <mask>, and in Sangram (1950), where he played the younger version of Ashok Kumar and Dana Paani (1953) where he acted with Bharat Bhushan. He worked in four Hindi films as a child artiste from 1948 to 1954. Career

Early career (1960s)
<mask> got an opportunity to work as an assistant director in the film Post Box 999, the debut film of Sunil Dutt, and worked as an assistant director to Ravindra Dave in Guest House (1959), which was followed by movies such as Dulha Dulhan and Shriman Satyawadi, where <mask> was the lead hero.<mask> <mask> made his debut as a leading man in the 1961 film Dharmputra and went on to appear in 116 Hindi films, including 61 films as the solo lead hero and 55 multi star-cast films, 21 films as supporting actor and special appearances in 7 films. He was a very popular actor in Bollywood during the 60s, 70s and until the mid-80s. <mask>'s early films, Dharmputra, Prem Patra and Char Diwari, were in Hindi, which were not successful commercially. Since 1961, he started acting in English language films, which include The Householder and Shakespeare-Wallah. He was one of India's first actors to go international. Actress Nanda, who was an established star at her time, signed 8 Hindi films with <mask>, as she believed that he could deliver good performances. Their first two films as a pair were the critically acclaimed romantic film Char Diwari (1961) and Mehndi Lagi Mere Haath (1962).In the 1960s, <mask> acted in several romantic films opposite Nanda, including Mohabbat Isko Kahete Hain (1965), Jab Jab Phool Khile (1965), Neend Hamari Khwab Tumhare (1966), Raja Saab (1969) and Rootha Na Karo (1970). In an interview in the 1990s, <mask> declared that Nanda was his favorite actress and that he regarded her as one of his mentors. In another interview, Nanda stated that <mask> <mask> was her favorite actor. 1970s and 1980s
<mask> <mask> formed on screen pairs with Raakhee, Sharmila Tagore and Zeenat Aman from the late sixties to the mid eighties. He also acted opposite actresses Hema Malini, Parveen Babi, and Moushumi Chatterjee in many films. After their first movie together Sharmelee became a blockbuster, Raakhee was frequently paired with him, and they acted in hit films such as Jaanwar Aur Insaan (1972), Kabhi Kabhie (1976), Baseraa (1981), and the critically acclaimed Trishna (1978). However, Doosara Aadmi (1977), Bandhan Kuchchey Dhaagon Ka (1983), Bandh Honth (1984), and Zameen Aasmaan (1985) were flops.He starred with Sharmila Tagore in hits such as Waqt (1965), Aamne Samne (1967), Suhana Safar (1970),  Aa Gale Lag Jaa (1973), Vachan (1974), Paap Aur Punya (1974), Swati (1986), the critically acclaimed New Delhi Times (1985), which fetched <mask> a National Film Award for Best Actor in 1986. Other films with Sharmila, such as  My Love (1970), Anari (1975), Gehri Chot (1983), Maa Beti (1986) and Ghar Bazar (1998) were not successful. With Zeenat Aman, he worked in hit films such as Chori Mera Kaam (1975), Deewaangee (1976), Roti Kapda Aur Makan (1974), Heeralal Pannalal (1978), Pakhandi (1984), Bhavani Junction (1985), Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978) and the pair witnessed flops such as Krodhi (1981), Vakil Babu (1982) and Bandhan Kuchchey Dhaagon Ka (1983). He did 10 films opposite Hema Malini. As a pair, <mask> and Hema Malini had 7 hits such as Abhinetri, Aap Beati, Trishul, Aandhi Toofan, Apna Khoon, Maan Gaye Ustaad, Do Aur Do Paanch and 3 flops - Jahan Pyar Mile, Naach Uthe Sansaar and Anjaam. <mask>'s other successful movies include Haseena Maan Jayegi (1968) and Ek Shriman Ek Shrimati (1969), both with Babita, Kanyadan (1968) and Pyar Ka Mausam (1969), both opposite Asha Parekh, Chor Machaye Shor opposite Mumtaz, Abhinetri (1970), Aap Beati (1976) and Maan Gaye Ustaad (1981), with Hema Malini, Bezubaan with Reena Roy, Chakkar Pe Chakkar (1976), Kali Ghata (1980), Kalyug (1981), Vijeta (1982) and Pyaar Ki Jeet (1987) all with Rekha and Bepanaah (1985) with Rati Agnihotri. Other films include multi-starrers such as Dil Ne Pukara (1967), Trishul (1978), Neeyat (1980), Aandhi Toofan (1985), Naina (1973), Phaansi (1978), Salaakhen (1975), Fakira (1976), and Junoon (1978).He also worked with Rajesh Khanna in Prem Kahani (1975). As a child artiste, <mask> <mask> had worked with the then leading star Ashok Kumar in blockbusters such as Sangram (1950) and Samadhi (1950) where Ashok Kumar was the solo lead hero, which were huge hits at box office. He played Ashok Kumar's younger brother in Benazir where Ashok Kumar was the main male lead hero. Ashok Kumar played the supporting actor in 7 films with <mask> as the lead hero from 1975 to 1985 of which Chori Mera Kaam, Aap Baeti, Shankar Dada, Apna Khoon and Maan Gaye Ustaad became hits, while Hira Aur Paththar and Do Musafir became flops. He did two 'double role' films, both of which were box-office hits - Haseena Maan Jayegi and Shankar Dada. <mask> did a song number in Shankar Dada, a box-office hit, dressed up as a female. From the 1970s to early 1980s, <mask> starred alongside Pran in 9 films which include Biradari, Chori Mera Kaam, Phaansi, Shankar Dada, Chakkar Pe Chakkar, Rahu Ketu and Maan Gaye Ustaad.Earlier, <mask> had worked as child artists with Pran in Sanskar. He made a popular pairing with Amitabh Bachchan and the two co-starred in a total of 12 films: Roti Kapda Aur Makaan (1974), Deewaar (1975), Kabhi Kabhie (1976),  Trishul (1978), Kaala Patthar (1979), Suhaag (1979),Do Aur Do Paanch (1980), Shaan (1980), and Namak Halaal (1982) were hits, while Immaan Dharam (1977), Silsila (1981) and Akayla (1991) were flops. He is particularly famous for his role in Deewaar (1975), a film written by Salim–Javed about two brothers on opposing sides of the law, with <mask> playing a cop. One of his lines in the film, "Mere paas Maa hai" ("I have mother"), is a famous phrase that has become part of Indian popular culture. <mask> <mask> was also regularly cast with the acclaimed Sanjeev Kumar in films like Mukti (1977), Trishul (1978), Swayamvar (1980), Sawaal (1982) and Pakhandi (1984). After his wife's Jennifer's death in 1984, he started becoming overweight, but he was given his comeback role as character artiste by Rajesh Khanna in the 1985 filmAlag Alag. He had a distinct international presence.He was also known internationally for starring in British and American films, notably Merchant Ivory productions run by Ismail Merchant and James Ivory, such as The Householder (1963), Shakespeare Wallah (1965) (opposite his sister-in-law Felicity Kendal), Bombay Talkie (1970) and Heat and Dust (1982), in which he co-starred with his wife Jennifer Kendal, The Deceivers (1988) and Side Streets (1998). He also starred in other British and American films, such as Pretty Polly (A Matter Of Innocence) (1967) opposite Hayley Mills, Siddhartha (1972), Sammy and Rosie Get Laid (1987) and Muhafiz (1994). James Ivory directed <mask> in the first Merchant Ivory production The Householder, then in Shakespeare-Wallah, Bombay Talkie and Heat and Dust, while Ismail Merchant directed him in In Custody (1993). He was the first Indian actor to work extensively in Hollywood films and British films. In 1978, he set up his own production house, Film Valas, which produced critically acclaimed films such as Junoon (1978), Kalyug (1981), 36 Chowringhee Lane (1981), Vijeta (1982) and Utsav (1984). In 1991, he produced and directed a fantasy film titled Ajooba, which had his frequent co-star Amitabh Bachchan and nephew Rishi <mask> in the lead. <mask> <mask> was the 2nd highest paid Hindi film actor, sharing the spot with Dev Anand from 1970 to 1975, and the 3rd third highest paid Hindi actor, sharing space with Vinod Khanna from 1976 to 1982.The highest paid Indian actor was Rajesh Khanna from 1970 to 1987. <mask> was paid more than co-actors Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Jeetendra, Rishi <mask> and Randhir <mask> in multi-starrer films. However, Sanjeev Kumar, Pran and Dharmendra were paid the same rate as <mask>. Among all the leading actors, only Rajesh Khanna was paid more than <mask> in the only two films they acted together – Prem Kahani and Alag Alag. <mask> was of particular note in the <mask> clan. He has been the solo hero more times (61 films) and also as a lead protagonist in more Hindi films (116) than his nephews Rishi <mask>, Randhir <mask> and Rajiv and even more than his brothers <mask>, Shammi <mask> and more than his grand-nephews and grand-nieces. Later career (1987–1998)
He accepted very few roles as a character actor in films since 1987.He acted with Pierce Brosnan in The Deceivers (1988). He also collaborated with Sudesh Issar in 1989 for the movie titled Akhri Muqabla. <mask> <mask> requested Amitabh Bachchan to star in his ambitious directorial debut film Ajooba. Amitabh Bachchan made a notable exception and agreed to do the film due to their friendship, even though at the time Amitabh was not signing any new films. The film, with a lavish budget and a mega star lineup, was classed as a hit abroad even though it did not do too well at the box office in India. Over the years it has been appreciated for its storytelling, and acting from Amitabh Bachchan, Rishi <mask>, Shammi <mask> and Amrish Puri. <mask> also won a National (special jury) Award for his performance in the 1993 film  In Custody and played the Rajah in the TV adaptation of Gulliver's Travels (1996).In 1998, he retired from acting after his final film appearances in Jinnah and Side Streets. He was seen in the limelight at the Shashi Kapoor Film Festival held in Muscat, Oman (September 2007). At the 55th Annual Filmfare Awards in 2010, <mask> <mask> received the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award. Personal life

<mask> attended Don Bosco High School in Matunga, Mumbai. He met English actress Jennifer Kendal in Calcutta in 1956 while both were working for their respective theatre groups. <mask> was both assistant stage manager as well as an actor for his father's theatre group, Prithvi Theatre. Geoffrey Kendal's Shakespearean group was also present at the same time in Calcutta and Jennifer was Geoffrey's daughter.After their subsequent meeting, the couple fell in love and after facing initial opposition from the Kendals and support from sister-in-law Geeta Bali, they got married in July 1958. They acted in a number of films together, most notably in Merchant Ivory productions. They had three children: Kunal <mask>, Karan <mask> and Sanjana <mask>. Jennifer and <mask> established Prithvi Theatre on 5 November 1978 in Mumbai. Jennifer died of cancer in 1984 which shattered him. After losing her to cancer, <mask> <mask> fell into a deep depression that he never recovered from. The English actress Felicity Kendal is his sister-in-law.His eldest son Kunal is married to director Ramesh Sippy's daughter. Kunal moved on to ad film direction and established his production house Adfilm-Valas. <mask>'s daughter Sanjana, is a theatre personality and married to wildlife conservationist Valmik Thapar. They have a son named Hamir. <mask>'s younger son Karan became successful in modeling and later settled down in London and runs a photography company. <mask> was admitted to the Kokilaben Hospital, Versova, Mumbai, for what was speculated to be chest infection, and died on 4 December 2017. According to The Guardian, he was in hospital for treatment from long-standing liver and heart complications, and was always helping other patients.Officially, his cause of death was attributed to liver cirrhosis. His body was cremated. <mask> and actress Sridevi, who died in 2018, were the only two Indians honored posthumously in memoriam at 90th Academy Awards. The Shashi Kapoor Room

When <mask> <mask> Kapoor Room as a tribute. According to Rabindranath Paul, who has managed Elgin Fairlawn for 40 years, this was the place where <mask> met his wife Jennifer Kendal in 1956.She was a guest alongside her family who owned a theatre company named Shakespeareana, which produced Shakespeare plays across India. The couple's children Kunal <mask>, Karan <mask> and Sanjana <mask> have stayed here subsequently. Filmography and awards

In 2011, the Government of India honored him with the Padma Bhushan for his contributions to Indian cinema. Works
 <mask> <mask> presents the Prithviwallahs, by <mask> <mask>, Deepa Gahlot, Prithvi Theatre (Mumbai, India). Roli Books, 2004. .

Further reading
 The Kapoors: The First Family of Indian Cinema, by Madhu Jain. Penguin, Viking, 2005. .

See also
 Kapoor Family

References

External links

 Non Resident Indian magazine profile of <mask> <mask>

1938 births
2017 deaths
Punjabi Hindus
Indian male film actors
Film producers from Mumbai
Hindi-language film directors
Indian male child actors
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Punjabi people
Male actors from Mumbai
People from Kolkata
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Don Bosco schools alumni
Best Actor National Film Award winners
Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients
Shashi
Film directors from Mumbai
Deaths from cirrhosis
20th-century Indian male actors
20th-century Indian film directors
Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners

masks:
Shashi Kapoor
Balbir Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Prithviraj Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Jennifer KendalKunal Kapoor
Karan Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashiraj
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Shashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoorhashi
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor
Shashi
Kapoor


title: Martin Phillips (darts player)

texts:
<mask> (born 30 April 1960) is a Welsh former professional darts player who competed in the British Darts Organisation (BDO). He won the 2014 World Masters championship. Darts career

1988–1994
<mask> was born in Dolgellau, and made his first televised darts appearance at the 1988 British Professional Championship reaching the last 16. In 1991, he appeared at his first World Championship losing in the first round to the defending champion Phil Taylor. In 1992 he defeated the Dutchman Bert Vlaardingerbroek 3–0 in the first round and knocked out five-time world champion Eric Bristow 3–2 in the second round to reach the quarter final where he was defeated again by Taylor, who went on to clinch his second World title. He also played in 1993 and 1994, reaching the second round in both tournaments, losing both times to Bobby George. <mask> remained in the British Darts Organisation's events during the split in darts between 1993 and 1994 – but the first year after the split proved to be his last appearance at the Lakeside World Championship for nine years.1994–2006
Although he failed to qualify for the World Championships for several years, he picked up two WDF Europe Cup pairs titles, in 1994 with Eric Burden and 1998 with Sean Palfrey – plus a WDF World Cup pairs title also with Palfrey in 1997. He had limited singles success for over a decade, with only three semi-final appearances at the Isle of Man Open (1996, 1997 and 2000)

He returned for the 2003 BDO World Darts Championship, but lost in the first round to John Walton and would then miss out on qualification for the event for the next three years, leaving him with just the one appearance at the Lakeside in 13 years. 2007–2011
In 2007, <mask> returned to the Lakeside but lost again in the first round, this time to Scotland's Paul Hanvidge. His form began to improve during 2007 with a tournament win at the Turunç Open in Turkey, and semi-final appearances at the Welsh Classic and Northern Ireland Open. Towards the end of 2007 he was on the receiving end of a defeat and a nine-dart finish by John Walton in their last 16 match at the 2007 Winmau World Masters. At the 2008 BDO World Championship, <mask> beat Shaun Greatbatch in the last 32 but lost in the second round to reigning champion <mask>. Another first round exit followed in the 2009 BDO World Championship, losing 3–1 to Ross Montgomery, but he picked up the 2009 Border Classic title and reached the semi-finals of the Scottish Open and Welsh Classic.In the 2010 BDO World Championship, <mask> went on to reach the semi-finals for the first time in his career beating seventh seed Dave Prins 3–0 in the first round, qualifier Paul Carter 4–2 in the second round and second seed Scott Waites in the quarter-finals. <mask> had gone into a 4–0 lead before Waites brought the scores level at 4–4, before <mask> showed better consistency in the final set to reach the last four where he was beaten 6–4 by <mask>. In October 2010 he won the biggest title of his career so far by winning the WDF Europe Cup beating 2010 World Champion <mask> on the way to the final where he beat Willy van de Wiel 7–3. Two weeks later, he won seven matches to reach the semi-finals of the Winmau World Masters for the first time before losing to Stuart Kellett. In November 2010, <mask> made his first appearance at the Grand Slam of Darts having qualified through his runs to the semi-finals at the Lakeside. In the group stages, he beat Adrian Lewis (who went on to become PDC World Champion just two months later) 5–2 in legs. <mask> did not qualify from the group stages after losing 1–5 to Scott Waites and 4–5 to Co Stompé.He made the semi-finals for the second year running at the 2011 BDO World Championship, beating Mark Barilli 3–0, Joey ten Berge 4–3 and Gary Robson 5–4, then lost a repeat of the previous year's semi-final match with <mask> 4–6. He has appeared at 2011 Grand Slam of darts and he has had a better year then in 2010. He qualified from his group despite losing to Adrian Lewis 5–4 he claimed victories over Dutchman Co Stompé and Vincent van der Voort both 5–2, To set up a last 16 clash with fellow countryman and former World Champion Mark Webster who he lost 10–8 having led 3–0 and 8–5. 2014: Masters Champion
After losing as an unseeded player to Wesley Harms in the first round of the World Championship in 2012, <mask> failed to qualify for Lakeside in either 2013 or 2014. However, he bounced back spectacularly by regaining his place in the world's top 8, before winning the first major TV title in his 26-year career at the Winmau World Masters. After reaching the semi-finals without dropping a set, <mask> survived a match dart in a deciding leg victory over Glen Durrant before beating Jamie Hughes 7–3 in the final. <mask> would become the BDO world number one in November that year.However, seeded fifth at the 2015 BDO World Championship, <mask> was defeated 3–0 by Madars Razma in the first round. At the 2015 Winmau World Masters, <mask>' title defence was ended at the quarter final stage by Glen Durrant, who avenged his semi final loss to <mask> from the previous year. 2019
As of 16 November 2019, <mask> has not participated in any darts tournament.

masks:
Martin Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Martin Adams
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Martin Adams
Martin Adams
Phillips
Phillips
Martin Adams
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips


title: Sebastian Coe

texts:
<mask>, <mask>,  (born 29 September 1956), often referred to as <mask>, is a British politician and former track and field athlete. As a middle-distance runner, Coe won four Olympic medals, including the 1500 metres gold medal at the Olympic Games in 1980 and 1984. He set nine outdoor and three indoor world records in middle-distance track events – including, in 1979, setting three world records in the space of 41 days – and the world record he set in the 800 metres in 1981 remained unbroken until 1997. Coe's rivalries with fellow Britons Steve Ovett and Steve Cram dominated middle-distance racing for much of the 1980s. Following <mask>'s retirement from athletics, he was a Conservative  member of parliament from 1992 to 1997 for Falmouth in Cornwall, and became a Life Peer on 16 May 2000. He headed the successful London bid to host the 2012 Summer Olympics and became chairman of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games. In 2007, he was elected a vice-president of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), and re-elected for another four-year term in 2011.In August 2015, he was elected president of the IAAF. In 2012, <mask> was appointed Pro-Chancellor at Loughborough University where he had been an undergraduate, and is also a member of the university's governing body. He was of one of 24 athletes inducted as inaugural members of the IAAF Hall of Fame. In November 2012, he was appointed chairman of the British Olympic Association. <mask> was presented with the Lifetime Achievement award at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in December 2012. Early life and education
<mask> was born at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Hammersmith, London. His father was athletics coach <mask> and his mother, Tina Angela Lal, was of half Indian descent, born to a Punjabi father, Sardari Lal Malhotra, and an English/Irish mother, Vera (née Swan).When he was less than a year old, Coe and his family moved to Warwickshire, where he later attended Bridgetown Primary School and Hugh Clopton Secondary School in Stratford-upon-Avon. The family then moved to Sheffield where he attended Tapton Secondary Modern School, Crosspool which became a Comprehensive School while he was there and Abbeydale Grange School. He joined athletics team Hallamshire Harriers at the age of 12, and soon became a middle-distance specialist, having been inspired by David Jackson, a geography teacher at Tapton School who had been a cross-country runner. Coe was coached by his own father and represented Loughborough University and later Haringey when not competing for his country. Coe studied Economics and Social History at Loughborough University and won his first major race in 1977—an 800 metres event at the European indoor championships in San Sebastián, Spain. It was at Loughborough University that he met athletics coach George Gandy who had developed "revolutionary" conditioning exercises to improve Coe's running. His mother, Tina Angela Lal, died in London, in 2005, aged 75.His father, <mask>, died on 9 August 2008, aged 88, while Coe was visiting Beijing. Athletics career
 Coe first caught the public's attention on 14 March 1977 when he competed in the 800m at the European Indoor Championships in San Sebastián, front-running the entire race and winning in 1:46.54, just short of the world indoor record. He ran in the Emsley Carr mile on 29 August 1977, outsprinting Filbert Bayi of Tanzania in the home straight and winning in 3:57.7. Eleven days later, on 9 September 1977, he ran the 800m at the Coca-Cola Games at Crystal Palace in a time of 1:44.95, beating Andy Carter's 1:45.12 to claim his first UK national outdoor record. Coe's 1978 season continued to show his progression in the middle distances, though he raced only sparingly, as in early June he had  suffered a serious ankle injury whilst out on a training run. On 18 August 1978, he ran the 800m at the Ivo Van Damme Memorial meeting in Brussels, where he far outclassed the field and stormed home in a time of 1:44.26, another UK national record. He first ran against his great rival Steve Ovett in a schools cross country race in 1972.Neither won, nor did either win in their first major encounter, on 31 August 1978, in the 800m at the European Championships in Prague. Ovett took second, breaking Coe's UK record with a time of 1:44.09, and Coe finished third; the race was won by the East German Olaf Beyer. According to Pat Butcher, Coe's father and coach Peter Coe had encouraged him to run as fast as he could from the start. The early pace was indeed exceptionally fast: Coe ran 200m in 24.3, 400m in 49.32, and 600m in 1:16.2; he then slowed and finished third in 1:44.76. A few weeks later, Coe reclaimed the UK record at Crystal Palace, setting an all-comers' mark of 1:43.97 which ranked him second in the world that year. On 1 October 1978, Coe displayed to the world for the first time his phenomenal natural endurance by winning the Loughrea 4-Mile road race in Ireland in 17:54, defeating the likes of Eamonn Coghlan (who would win the 5000m at the 1983 World Championships) and Mike McLeod (who would be the 1984 Olympic 10,000m silver medalist), and breaking Brendan Foster's course record of 18:05. All this off a season which had been focussed on 800m, with only one race at 1500m or the mile.This was a warning to the world's top milers of what was to happen the following summer. The next year, 1979, Coe set three world records in 41 days. He set the first two in Oslo, Norway, at 800m (1:42.33) and the mile (3:48.95), then broke the world 1500m record with his 3:32.03 in Zurich, Switzerland, becoming the first person to hold these three records at the same time. He easily won the 800m at the European Cup in Turin in August, covering the last 200m in 24.1, and anchored the British 4 × 400m relay team with the quartet's fastest split, 45.5. He was voted Athlete of the Year by Athletics Weekly and Track and Field News and was ranked number one in the world at 800m and 1500m; no other athlete since has ranked number one at these distances in the same year. In 1980, Coe broke Rick Wohlhuter's world record for 1000m with a time of 2:13.40. He held all four middle-distance world records—the 800m, 1000m, 1500m, and mile—simultaneously (another unique feat) for one hour until Ovett broke his mile record.In the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, Ovett and Coe each won the other's speciality: Ovett the 800m and Coe the 1500m. Coe took second in the 800m after running what he described as "the worst tactical race of my life", while Ovett took third in the 1500. It was Ovett's first defeat at one mile or 1500m in three years and 45 races. Coe covered the last 400m in 52.2 and the last 100m in 12.1 seconds, the fastest-ever finish in a championship final at this distance. <mask> began 1981 with an indoor world record of 1:46.0 for 800m at Cosford in February. On 10 June, he set a world 800m record in Florence; his 1:41.73 remained unbeaten until August 1997. As of 2022, his time still stands as the UK record and puts him in a tie with Nijel Amos for third-fastest man ever at the distance.A month afterwards he set another world record with 2:12.18 for 1000m, which was to last 19 years and to this day (2022) has only been bettered once. At this time, Coe was more than 1.7 seconds (about 14m) faster than anyone in history at both distances. Between these two record-breaking runs he won the Europa Cup 800m semifinal, running the last 100m in 11.3 (the fastest final 100m ever recorded in a major international race), and achieved a personal best of 3:31.95 at 1500m, despite dreadful pacemaking (he went through 400m in 52.4 and 800m in 1:49.1, the fastest start ever in an international 1500m race at the time) by US 800m runner James Robinson, who passed 400m in 51.5. In August, Coe won the gold medal over 800m at the European Cup final with a blistering last 200m in 24.6 and last 100m in 11.9. He then bettered the standard for the mile twice, first with 3:48.53 in Zürich and then with 3:47.33 in Brussels, on either side of Ovett's world record in Koblenz (3:48.40). His 3:47.33 remained on the all-time top-10 list until 31 May 2014. <mask> ended the season with gold over 800m at the World Cup in Rome in September with 1:46.16 (and a 12.0 last 100m), and remained undefeated at both 1500m/mile and 800m for the entire season, as he had in 1979.Track & Field News and Athletics Weekly magazines voted Coe Athlete of the Year, an honour he had also won in 1979. Although he had a short season in 1982 because of injuries in June and July, Coe still managed to rank number one in the world in the 800m and to participate in a world-record 4 x 800m relay. <mask>, Peter Elliott, Garry Cook and Steve Cram ran a time of 7:03.89, which would remain the world record for 24 years. Coe's leg was the fastest of the day, a solo 1:44.01. Heavily favored for the 800m at the 1982 European Championships in Athletics in Athens, he  unexpectedly finished second; the next day British team doctors revealed that he had been suffering from glandular fever. Coe decided to withdraw from the 1500 metres in those championships. Coe began 1983 with world indoor records at 800m in Cosford, England (1:44.91, breaking his own 1:46.0 from 1981) and 1000m (2:18.58) in Oslo, but he spent much of that year battling health problems, including a prolonged bout with toxoplasmosis.He missed the inaugural IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The disease was severe, and he spent several months in and out of hospital. He returned to competition in 1984 and was selected at 800m and 1500m for the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, despite having been narrowly beaten by Peter Elliott in the AAA Championships. In the 800m he took silver behind Joaquim Cruz of Brazil, but in the 1500m final—his seventh race in nine days—he took the gold in an Olympic record of 3:32.53. He ran the last 800m of the race in 1:49.8, the last lap in 53.2, and the last 100m in 12.7. He remains the only person to win successive Olympic 1500m titles. Coe had planned to have a somewhat quiet season in 1985, partly because of the intensity of the previous year's efforts to get himself ready in time for the Olympics, as well as a planned move up to 5000m, which never materialised.He suffered a recurrence of a back problem which had plagued him on and off since 1980; this caused him to miss several weeks of midseason training. He nevertheless managed to run some fast times towards the end of the season, but he lost his mile world record to Cram, who beat him in Oslo. In 1986, Coe won the 800m gold medal at the European Championships in Stuttgart, beating Tom McKean and Cram with a stunning last 200m of 24.8 and 100m of 12.4. It was his only 800m title at an international championship. He took the silver in the 1500m behind Cram, the mile world record holder proving too strong in the homestretch. He then ran his personal best over 1500m with a 3:29.77

masks:
Sebastian Newbold Coe
Baron Coe
Seb Coe
Coe
Coe
Coe
Coe
Peter Coe
Peter Coe
Coe
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Coe


title: Sebastian Coe

texts:
 performance in Rieti, Italy, becoming the fourth man in history to break 3:30 at the distance. For the fourth year in his career (1979, 1981, 1982 & 1986), he was ranked No.1 in the world at 800m, and he was in the top two for 1500m for the fifth time. Coe sustained a foot injury in 1987 after winning an 800m and running a 4 × 400m leg for his club, Haringey, and was out for the entire season. The following year he was not selected for the British 1988 Olympic Games team after he failed to advance from the heats of the 1500m at the Trials in Birmingham. He had shown good early season form, but he picked up a chest infection after a spell of altitude training. The Daily Mirror ran a campaign and the president of the International Olympic Committee, Juan Antonio Samaranch, unsuccessfully tried to have the rules changed in Coe's favour. It was said that India was willing to include him on its national team on account of his mother's Indian heritage. Coe had a final good season in 1989, when, in his 33rd year (at age 32), he won the AAA 1500m title, was ranked British number one for both 800m and 1500m, ran the world's second-fastest 800m of the year (1:43.38), and took the silver medal at the World Cup over 1500m.He retired from competitive athletics in early 1990, after having to bow out of the 1990 Commonwealth Games in Auckland, New Zealand with yet another chest infection. He ended his career having run sub-1:44 for 800m in eight different years. Trinity College's Great Court Run
A scene in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire recreates a race in which competitors  attempt to run round the perimeter of the Great Court at Trinity College, Cambridge in the time it takes the clock to double-strike the hour at midday or midnight. Many have tried to run the  around the court in the 43.6 seconds that it takes to strike 12 o'clock. Known as the Great Court Run, students traditionally attempt to complete the circuit on the evening of the matriculation dinner. The only persons recognised to have actually completed the run in time are David Cecil in 1927 and Sam Dobin in 2007. It was thought that Coe had succeeded when he beat Steve Cram in a charity race in October 1988 in a time of 42.53 seconds.A video of the race, however, apparently shows that Coe was 12 metres short of the finish line when the last chime sounded, so Trinity College never officially accepted his time. Political career
<mask> was elected as Member of Parliament for Falmouth and Camborne in 1992, for the Conservative Party, but lost his seat in the 1997 general election. He returned to politics for a short time as Leader of the Opposition William Hague's chief of staff, having accepted the offer of a Life Peerage on 16 May 2000. Sports administration career

London 2012 Olympic Games

When London announced its bid to hold the 2012 Olympics, Coe became an ambassador for the effort and a member of the board of the bid company. With the May 2004 resignation of chairman Barbara Cassani, Coe became the chairman for the latter phase of the bid. As <mask> was a well-known personality in Olympic sport, it was felt he was better suited to the diplomatic finesse needed to secure the IOC's backing. <mask>'s presentation at the critical IOC meeting in July 2005 was viewed by commentators as being particularly effective, against tough competition from Paris and Madrid, and the London bid won the IOC's blessing on 6 July.Coe attended the 2010 Winter Olympics held in Vancouver to see how the city coped with the challenges of hosting. Lord Coe noted the Games had "gradually recovered from its tumultuous start" and queried that he "never thought the British would find rivals in their preoccupation with the weather which is almost elevated to an Olympic event" as he credited VANOC for meeting unforeseen challenges such as the unseasonably warm weather of Cypress Mountain. Coe added "Rarely have I seen a host city so passionate and so ready to embrace the Games". Coe was instrumental in asking Queen Elizabeth II to star in Happy and Glorious, a short film featuring James Bond, which formed part of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. The director of the ceremony, Danny Boyle first pitched the idea to Coe, who loved it so much that he took it to Edward Young, Deputy Private Secretary to the Queen. A friend of Coe's from their days of advising William Hague, Young "listened sagely, laughed, and promised to ask the Boss". Word soon came back to Coe that she would love to take part.FIFA
<mask> was appointed the first chairman of FIFA's independent watchdog, the FIFA Ethics Committee. The commission will judge all cases alleging conflicts of interest and breaches of FIFA rules. FIFA president Sepp Blatter made the announcement in Zurich on 15 September 2006 and said: "It is perhaps a surprise but it has been very well received. We have found an outstanding personality in the world of sport, a great personality in the Olympic movement." His appointment makes him one of the most senior Englishmen to work for FIFA. He stood down from this post to join the English committee that failed to bring the 2018 World Cup to England, with Russia chosen to host instead. International Association of Athletics Federations
In 2007 <mask> was appointed as vice President of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) and was reappointed in 2011.When Lamine Diack president of the IAAF announced that he was standing down in 2013 seemed likely to announce <mask> as his successor as there had never been an election for the President position. <mask>, in November 2014 announced that he would stand for election for this position in 2015. In December 2014, Coe unveiled his manifesto, ‘Growing Athletics in a New Age.' On 19 August 2015, in Beijing, he was elected president of IAAF against Sergey Bubka, by 115 votes to 92 votes. In 2015 Lord <mask>'s presidency of IAAF created turmoil when major sponsors Adidas terminated a multimillion sponsorship deal four years early. British Olympic Association
Following the London Olympics, <mask> was appointed as Chairman of the British Olympic Association replacing Lord Moynihan. Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games
<mask> has been appointed a member of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games Coordination Commission representing the Association of National Olympic Committees.International Olympic Committee
On 17 July 2020, Coe was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee. Other sports
As of 2007, Coe was Patron of the British Dragon Boat Racing Association. Russian doping scandal
The Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee in 2015 accused Coe of misleading the committee. He was also accused blocking the release of a report from the University of Tübingen that mentioned the extent of doping

Personal life
After graduating in 1980, and a few months after his exploits on the track in the 1980–81 seasons, Coe got a job as a research assistant at the Loughborough University of Technology in the department of Physical Education and Sports Science. At this time he shared a semi-detached home with his close friend Steve Mitchell. In 1990, when resident in Surrey, Coe married Nicky McIrvine, a former Badminton three-day-event champion, with whom he has two sons and two daughters. The marriage ended in divorce in 2002 after twelve years.In 2003, Coe began a relationship with Carole Annett; the couple wed in 2011. She is the daughter of former England cricket captain M.J.K. Smith. Coe is a worldwide ambassador for Nike and owns a string of health clubs with a membership of more than 20,000. He is a member of the East India Club, a private gentlemen's club in St James's Square. He has supported London athletic events such as the London 10K of Nike and the British 10K charity race. On 12 February 2010, Coe was the 19th runner on the 106th day of the Vancouver Olympic Torch Relay.<mask>'s leg was along the Stanley Park Seawall, and he exchanged a "torch kiss" with the previous runner, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and the next runner, a 19-year-old member of the Squamish community. In October 2012, Coe was appointed chairman of Chime Communications sports marketing subsidiary, CSM Sport and Entertainment. The company also entered into an 'option agreement' to buy <mask>'s 93% interest in CLG, the firm which acts as a vehicle for his earnings from speeches and appearances. Coe is a supporter of Chelsea Football Club. He is also a fan of cricket and jazz, in particular Billie Holiday and Lester Young. Coe was featured in an episode of the BBC TV series Who Do You Think You Are?, which showed that he is descended from John Astley, the portrait painter, Jamaican sugar farmers and slave owners, George Clarke, Lieutenant Governor of New York Colony, and Edward Hyde of Norbury. Coe retired from the House of Lords on 31 January 2022.Coe is colour blind. Honours
<mask> was made an Honorary Doctor of Technology (Hon DTech) by his alma mater, Loughborough University in 1985. In November 2009, he was awarded an honorary degree as Doctor of Science (Hon DSc) from the University of East London. In 2009, he also was awarded an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects. He also received an honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Sunderland in 2011. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1982 New Year Honours and Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1990 New Year Honours. On 16 May 2000, he was created a Life Peer as <mask>, of Ranmore in the County of Surrey.He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in the 2006 New Year Honours for services to sport. In the 2013 New Year Honours, <mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. He was presented with the first Prince of Asturias Award (Sports category) in 1987. After his work in delivering London 2012 Coe was presented with an Olympic Order. Coe received another lifetime achievement award at the Laureus World Sport Awards. Coe has also received three separate awards at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year ceremony: The main individual award in 1979, a "Special Gold Award" in 2005 and the "Lifetime Achievement Award" in 2012. A building at the Nike world headquarters in Beaverton Oregon was named after <mask> in 2017.Coe is a longtime Nike athlete and was recognized by Nike as a great middle-distance runner. The 'Nike Sebastian Coe building' was designed to emphasize connectivity. Coe was included in The Sunday Times''' "100 Makers of the 21st Century" list. In 2018 he was recognised as a Tourism Australia's Friend of Australia, in conjunction with the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games. In addition in 2018 Coe was awarded an OLY post nominal title from World Olympians Association. Personal bests

(WR) indicates personal best which was also a World Record when set. Journalism
 He is a columnist for The Daily

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title: Dorothy Eady

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<mask> (16 January 1904 – 21 April 1981), also known as Omm Sety or Om Seti, was a British antiques caretaker and folklorist. She was keeper of the Abydos Temple of Seti I and draughtswoman for the Department of Egyptian Antiquities. She is known for her belief that in a previous life she had been a priestess in ancient Egypt, as well as her considerable historical research at Abydos. Her life and work has been the subject of many articles, television documentaries, and biographies. Early life

<mask> was born in London, in 1904 as the only child to <mask>, a master tailor born in Woolwich, and Caroline Mary (Frost) <mask>, and raised in a coastal town. At the age of three, after falling down a flight of stairs and briefly appearing to be dead, she began exhibiting strange behaviours, asking that she be "brought home". She had also developed foreign accent syndrome.This caused some conflict in her early life. Her Sunday school teacher requested that her parents keep her away from class, because she had compared Christianity with "heathen" ancient Egyptian religion. She was expelled from a Dulwich girls school after she refused to sing a hymn that called on God to "curse the swart Egyptians". Her regular visits to Catholic mass, which she liked because it reminded her of the "Old Religion", were terminated after an interrogation and visit to her parents by a priest. After being taken by her parents to visit the British Museum, and on observing a photograph in the New Kingdom temple exhibits room, the young <mask> called out "There is my home!" but "where are the trees? Where are the gardens?"The temple was that of Seti I, the father of Rameses the Great. She ran about the halls of the Egyptian rooms, "amongst her peoples", kissing the statues' feet. After this trip she took every opportunity to visit the British Museum rooms. There, she eventually met E. A. Wallis Budge, who was taken by her youthful enthusiasm and encouraged her in the study of hieroglyphs. After a close escape from a bombing raid during World War I, she moved to her grandmother's house in Sussex. Here, she continued her study of ancient Egypt at the Eastbourne public library. When she was fifteen she described a nocturnal visit from the mummy of Pharaoh Seti I.Her behaviour, coupled with sleep walking and nightmares, led her to be incarcerated in sanatoriums several times. On leaving school at sixteen she visited museums and archaeological sites around Britain, facilitated by her father's investigations into the nationwide booming cinema industry. <mask> became a part-time student at Plymouth Art School and began to collect affordable Egyptian antiquities. During her period at Portsmouth she became part of a theatre group that on occasion performed a play based on the story of Isis and Osiris. She took the role of Isis and sang the lamentation for Osiris's death, based on  Andrew Lang's translation:

At the age of twenty-seven, she began working in London with an Egyptian public relations magazine, for which she wrote articles and drew cartoons that reflected her political support for an independent Egypt. During this period she met her future husband Emam Abdel Meguid, an Egyptian student, with whom she continued to correspond when he returned home. Move to Egypt
In 1931, she moved to Egypt after Emam Abdel Meguid, by now a teacher of English, asked her to marry him.On arriving in Egypt, she kissed the ground and announced she had come home to stay. The couple stayed in Cairo and her husband's family gave her the nickname "Bulbul" (Nightingale). Their son was named Sety, from which is derived her popular name 'Omm Sety' ("Mother of Sety"). After a chance meeting with George Reisner's secretary, who commented on her apparent ability to charm snakes and told her that spells on such powers were in early ancient Egyptian literature, Omm Sety visited the Fifth Dynasty pyramid of Unas. Klaus Baer recalled her piety when she accompanied him on a visit to Sakkara in the early 1950s, when she brought an offering and took off her shoes before entering Unas' pyramid. She continued to report apparitions and out-of-body experiences during this time, which caused friction with the upper-middle-class family she had married into. Hor-Ra's story of her life
During her early period she reported nighttime visitations by an apparition of Hor-Ra.He slowly dictated to her, over a twelve-month period, the story of her previous life. The story took up around seventy pages of cursive hieroglyphic text. It described the life of a young woman in ancient Egypt, called Bentreshyt, who had reincarnated in the person of <mask>. Bentreshyt ("Harp of Joy") is described in this text as being of humble origin, her mother a vegetable seller and her father a soldier during the reign of Seti I (c.1290 BC to 1279 BC). When she was three, her mother died, and she was placed in the temple of Kom el-Sultan because her father could not afford her. There, she was brought up to be a priestess. When she was twelve years old, the High Priest asked her if she wished to go out into the world or stay and become a consecrated virgin.In the absence of full understanding and without a practical alternative, she took the vows. During the next two years, she learned her role in the annual drama of Osiris's passion and resurrection, a role that only virgin priestesses consecrated to Isis could perform. One day, Seti I visited and spoke to her. They became lovers, eating "the uncooked goose", an ancient Egyptian term that has been compared to "eating the forbidden fruit". When Bentreshyt became pregnant, she told the High Priest who the father was. The High Priest informed her that the gravity of the offence against Isis was so terrible that death would be the most likely penalty at a trial. Unwilling to face the public scandal for Seti, she committed suicide rather than face trial.Work with Selim Hassan and Ahmed Fakhry
In 1935, <mask> separated from her husband when he took a teaching job in Iraq. Their son Sety stayed with her. Two years after the marriage broke down she went to live in Nazlat al-Samman near the Giza pyramids, where she met the Egyptian archaeologist Selim Hassan of the Department of Antiquities, who employed her as his secretary and draughtswoman. She was the department's first female employee and a boon to Hassan. According to Barbara Lesko, "She was a great help to Egyptian scholars, especially Hassan and Fakhry, correcting their English and writing English-language articles for others. So this poorly educated Englishwoman developed in Egypt into a first-rate draughtswoman and prolific and talented writer who, even under her own name, produced articles, essays, monographs and books of great range, wit and substance." Through her keen interest in antiquities, she met and befriended many of the famous Egyptologists of the era.Omm Seti made such a significant contribution to Hassan's work that upon his death she was employed by Ahmed Fakhry during his excavations at Dashur. Hassan's magnum opus, the ten-volume "Excavations at Giza", gives "special mention, with sincere gratitude," to <mask> for her editing, drawing, indexing, and proofreading work. She learned from these scholars the techniques of archaeology, whilst they benefited from her expertise in hieroglyphs and drawing. During this time she prayed, made frequent offerings to the gods of ancient Egypt, and would often spend the night in the Great pyramid. <mask> became the object of village gossip because she would make night prayers and offerings to Horus at the Great Sphinx. Yet she also was respected by the villagers for her honesty in not hiding her true faith in the Egyptian gods. She was sensitive to the religious observances of others, and would fast with the Muslim villagers during Ramadan and celebrate with Christians at Christmas.Her associations with the workers and their families gave her first-hand experience of contemporary Egyptian life. She saw a common thread joining all periods of Egyptian history; the Pharaonic, the Greco-Roman, the Christian, and the Islamic. This thread was the Nile, which animated people's lives on many levels. Move to Abydos
Ahmed Fakhry's Dashur Pyramid Research Project was terminated in early 1956, leaving <mask> unemployed. Fakhry suggested that she "climb the Great Pyramid; and when you reach the top, just turn west, address yourself to your Lord Osiris and ask him "Quo vadis?". He offered her a choice of taking a well paid job in the Cairo Records Office, or a poorly paid position in Abydos as a draughtswoman. She chose the latter.She reported that Seti I approved of the move. He claimed that the "wheel of fate" was turning and this would be a time of testing. If she was chaste she would now undo Bentreshyt's ancient sin. On 3 March 1956, the fifty-two-year-old Omm Sety left for Abydos. She set up home in Arabet Abydos, which sits in the cradle of the mountain Pega-the-Gap. The ancient Egyptians believed this mountain led to Amenti and the afterlife. It was here that she began to be called 'Omm Sety', because it was customary in Egyptian villages to refer to a mother by the name of her eldest child.Abydos had a special significance for her, because it is where she believed Bentreshyt had lived and served in the Temple of Seti. She had made short pilgrimages to the site before, during which she had demonstrated her advanced knowledge. At one of these trips to the temple, the chief inspector from the Antiquities Department, who knew about her claims, had decided to test her by asking her to stand at particular wall paintings in complete darkness. She was instructed to identify them based on her prior knowledge as a temple priestess. She completed the task successfully, even though the painting locations had not yet been published at this time. She spent the first two years listing and translating pieces from a recently excavated temple palace. Her work was incorporated into Edourard Ghazouli's monograph "The Palace and Magazines Attached to the Temple of Sety I at Abydos".He expressed particular thanks to her in this work and was impressed by the skills she showed in translation of enigmatic texts, along with other members of the Antiquities Department. In 1957, she wrote out a liturgical calendar of feast days based on ancient Egyptian texts. For her, the Temple of Seti was a place of peace and security where she was watched over by the benevolent eyes of ancient Egyptian gods. Omm Sety claimed that in her past life as Bentreshyt the temple had a garden, where she had first met Seti I. Her descriptions as a young girl were not believed by her parents, but while she was living in Abydos, the garden was found where she said it would be found. Excavations uncovered a garden which matched her descriptions. Every morning and night she would visit the Temple to recite the prayers for the day.On the birthdays of Osiris and Isis she would observe the ancient food abstentions, and bring offerings of beer, wine, bread, and tea biscuits to the Chapel of Osiris. The Lament of Isis and Osiris, which she learned as a girl, would also be recited. She turned one of the temple rooms into a personal office, where she carried out her work and befriended a cobra whom she fed on a regular basis, to the alarm of the temple guards. She described the Temple of Seti as like entering a time machine, where the past becomes the present and the modern mind has difficulty understanding a world in which magic is accepted. She claimed that the scenes depicted on the temple walls were active in the minds of ancient Egyptians on two levels. Firstly, they made the actions displayed permanent. The painting of Pharaoh offering bread to Osiris, for example, continued his actions so long as the depiction remained.Secondly, the image could be animated by the spirit of the god, if the person stood before the depiction and called on the god's name. Omm Sety's observations of surviving folkways
Omm Sety observed that, although modern village women could have free birth control, they didn't want it. "If they miss one year without having a child, they go running around all over the place – even to the doctor! And if that doesn't work, they will try all sorts of other things." These included approaching a temple image of Isis at Abydos ("the Good Lady"), Hathor at Dendera, a statue of Senwosret III south of Abydos, a statue of Taweret in the Cairo museum and the pyramids at Giza. She also reported how people would come to her looking for a cure for impotence. For these people she would carry out a ritual based on the Pyramid Texts.It always worked. The use of Heka without Maat was contrary to the "will of the gods", so she concentrated on healing people or ridding them of the "effects of evil spells". According to an acquaintance, "Omm Sety wouldn't do any harm to anybody unless he or she did harm to her." She said that unusual baby feeding methods used in modern times in Egypt, such as breast milk being supplied via bowl, echoed similar scenes from Pharaonic times. The sidelock of youth which ancient Egyptian children wore survived with some modern Egyptian peasant children, who were left with a tuft of hair after the rest is shaved off during their first haircut. Ancient Egyptian boys were circumcised, probably for reasons of hygiene, and she believed this was picked up by the Jews, which in turn was passed down to modern Muslims. Many modern children's games and toys were also played by children in ancient Egypt.Omm Sety observed that the Tree of Extremity, mentioned in the Quran with inscribed leaves, compares with ancient Egyptian Temple scenes in which a god is shown inscribing the royal cartouche on leaves adorning The Tree of Life. Uniquely for a Muslim land, Omm Sety noted that modern Egyptian villages had a custom of highly visible form of mourning. She attributed this to Egypt's ancient heritage. Such customs were first recorded in the Pyramid Texts during the third millennium BCE. She compared other modern rituals of death with ancient practices, e.g., keeping watch with the dead (even though it is at variance with official Islamic teaching), perfuming the dead, boats in tombs, lights for the dead, the modern peasant practice of placing bread on the bier of the dead, and washing the cloths of the dead. Omm Sety observed that in Lower modern Egypt, "old fashioned people" believed that the stars in the night sky represented the dead, and notes how in the Pyramid Texts, the Royal deceased were also thought to be stars. The practice in Omm Seti's time of not cutting hair or shaving as a sign of mourning is also echoed in ancient Egypt.Though it does not form part of official Islamic teaching, she noted the widespread belief amongst modern Egyptians, educated and uneducated, that each human had a qarina, a spiritual component which is separate from the soul, and she compared this with the ancient Egyptian belief in a person's Ka. Ancient Egyptians believed that the shadow of a person was an intrinsic part of human make-up, and Omm Sety noted that the peasants of modern Egypt held similar beliefs and treated the shadow with caution. She compared the modern Egyptian belief in Afrits (demonic beings who appear upside-down) with the demonic upside-down beings who appear in the Pyramid Texts. Ancient Egyptians believed in Heka, "magic," and used protective amulets with spells written on them. She compared this with modern practices, performed by poor sellers in market squares, in which verses of the Koran are inscribed on, or tucked into, amulets. Both ancient and modern Egyptians commonly believed in spiritual possession and practised techniques for freeing the victim. Examples survive from ancient times showing how a statue of a god, propitiated with offerings,  brought the release of a possessed person.In modern times the person who presides over such a ritual is called a shaykh and, similar to ancient practices, offerings are made to the spirit which has taken up residence in the person. An alternative way is a ceremony called the butadjiyya, in which words are recited from the Quran with the patient immersed in the smoke of incense. A Christian method involves a pilgrimage to a Coptic Church at Mit Damsis. After ten days without washing it is hoped that St. George will appear and pierce the patient's foot from which the demon will depart. Omm Sety believed in the curative powers of water from certain holy places. She would heal herself by jumping into the sacred pool in the Osireion fully clothed. Friends report how she not only healed herself but others using this method.A baby brought to her by distraught parents because of breathing difficulties recovered after using water from the Osireion. Omm Sety reported that she no longer needed glasses, was cured of arthritis and appendicitis using the waters of the Osireion. Along with Kent Weeks, she was interested in and very knowledgeable on the subject of folk medicine. He notes that treatments used today can be traced back through ancient Egyptian texts which associate the particular trees used with goddesses such as Hathor and Isis. Omm Seti recorded that long after the conversion of Egypt to Islam, the power of the "old gods" was still recognised. Al-Maqrizi recorded that after a fanatical shaykh disfigured the face of the Sphinx the cultivated land around Giza was invaded and covered with sand. Unlike the gods associated with fertility, she noted the fear inspired in some modern Egyptians by a statue of the goddess Sekhmet even though they were unaware of the Ancient Egyptian accounts associating her with the destruction of mankind.A common belief amongst village people relates to a "bogeyman" and "terrorist," called Ba Bah, and compares with the obscure ancient Egyptian god Bwbi who similarly invoked terror. Villagers from the town of Arabet Abydos reported occasionally seeing a "large golden boat" floating upon a one-time lake. Omm Sety noted that the villagers were ignorant of the ancient Egyptian mystery play, once enacted at Abydos, involving a Neshmet boat. The villagers, obliviously, observed the apparition where there had once been a sacred lake. Popular customs associated with Easter, observed by both Copts and Muslims, were considered by

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