title: Ilona Keserü Ilona

texts:
<mask>, IKI (born <mask>, 29 November 1933) is a  Hungarian painter, professor emerita, Kossuth Prize winner. Life and career

<mask> was born in Pécs, Hungary. She studied at the Free School of Art (Pécs) between 1946 and 1950, then at the High School of Fine and Applied Art (Budapest) between 1950 and 1952. She was accepted to the Academy of Fine Art in 1952, where, after completing the painting and mural courses, she graduated in 1958. During the first three years at the College her professor had been László Bencze, followed by István Szőnyi. However, she considers Ferenc Martyn as her real master, who had been overseeing her professional development from as early as 1945. From 1960 she worked for the Belles-lettres and the Ferenc Móra Publishing Houses as an illustrator.In 1962 she received a scholarship from the Italian government and followed the courses of the Accademia di Belle Arti in Rome for a year. There she had her first show at the Galleria Bars in 1963. She then returned to Hungary and besides painting, she dedicated herself to designing sets and costumes for performances at the National Theatre, the Katona József Theatre, the Opera House, and the Ódry Stage in Budapest, the Gergely Csíky Theatre in Kaposvár, the Katona József Theatre in Kecskemét and the Hungarian Theatre in Targu Mures (Romania). <mask> Keserü <mask> showed her first abstract paintings at the Jókai Klub in Budapest in 1964, then regularly thereafter in Budapest and various Hungarian cities. In 1972 she exhibited in Czechoslovakia, then, in the summer of 1974 she painted a mural in Vence (France). She also worked on a mural for the new Sports Palace in Budapest in 1979. From 1963 onwards she has taken part in numerous group-shows throughout the world.For example, at the Olympiade des Arts in Seoul, South Korea in 1988, at the Das Offene Bild in Münster, Germany in 1992. <mask> <mask> <mask> taught drawing and painting at the University of Pécs from 1983 to 2003 (from 1991 as professor). From 2003 to 2008, as professor emerita, she organized short painting courses and exhibitions for Doctorate students entitled Színerő (Colour Force), a platform for creating and presenting works of large scale at the unused great halls of the Zsolnay Factory in Pécs. She is one of the founders of the Master School of Fine Arts in Pécs. She also gave lectures at universities abroad as a guest professor: at the École des Beaux Arts (Cergy-Pontoise, France) in 1985, and at the University of Hertfordshire (UK) in 1998. Throughout her life, <mask> took part in study trips to various countries from Poland to the US. <mask> <mask> <mask> received the Mihály Munkácsy Prize in 1984, became an Artist of Merit in 1989, and was awarded the Cross Order of Merit of the Hungarian Republic in 1996.She became a member of the Széchenyi Academy of Letters and Arts in 1993. In 2000 she was awarded the Kossuth Prize and in 2014 the Artist of the Nation Award. <mask> <mask> <mask> lives and works in Budapest and Pécs, Hungary. Secolo, Palazzo Reale, Milano, Italy
 1976 International Biennial of Graphic Design, Florence, Italy
 1980 XXXIX. Biennale di Venezia, Hungarian Pavilon, Venice, Italy
 1982 Musée Cantini, Marseille, France
 1982 L’art hongrois contemporain, L’Espace Pierre Cardin, Paris, France
 1985 Drei Generationen ungarischer Künstler, Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria
 1988 Olympiade of Arts, National Museum of Contemporary Art, Seoul, South Korea
 1992 Das offene Bild. Ilona Keserü Ilona Works 1982-2008 - published by MODEM Modern Debreceni Művészeti Közhasznú Társaság, 2009. Ilona Keserü Ilona Works 1959-1982 - edited and published by <mask> Keserü <mask>,
 Ilona Keserü Ilona Approach Tangle Stream - An investigation of Causes and Effects in Ilona Keserü Ilona's Oeuvre - published by Katalin Néray, director of Ludwig Museum - Museum of Contemporary Art, Budapest, 2004.Women in the Arts - published by the National Museum of Women in the Arts, Fall 2008 (volume 26, no. 3)
 Groupe Iparterv - Le progrés de l'illusion 1968-69 - The third generation of the Hungarian avant-garde - published by András Ecsedi-Derdák, Institut hongrois de Paris, 2010. Studio - International Journal of Modern Art - published by Studio International Publications Ltd., London, edited by Peter Townsend, March 1974 (volume 184, n.o.964) p. 105
 Aktuelle Kunst aus Ungarn, László Fehér - István Haász - <mask> Keserü <mask> - Károly Klimó - published by 2006. External links
 Ilona Keserü Ilona's website
 University of Pécs
 Danubiana Meulensteen Art Museum
 Ludwig Museum
 AL Gallery, Budapest
 Uffizi Gallery, Florence
 National Museum of Women in the Arts
 Mondriaanhuis, Amersfoort, Netherlands
 Work no.1. at the Hungarian National Gallery
 Work no.2. at the Hungarian National Gallery
 Artportal (in Hungarian)
 Museum of Fine Art - The Use of Cangiante Colour Technique in Ilona Keserü Ilona's New Paintings (in Hungarian)
 Kieselbach Gallery and Auction House, Budapest
 Approach - Tangle - Stream, An Investigation of Causes and Effects in Ilona Keserü Ilona's Ouvre (excerpts in English)

1933 births
Living people
20th-century Hungarian women artists
21st-century Hungarian women artists
People from Pécs

masks:
Ilona Keserü Ilona
Ilona Keserü
Ilona Keserü Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Keserü
Ilona
Keserü
Ilona
Keserü
Ilona
Ilona
Keserü
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona
Ilona


title: Bayinnaung

type: original

texts:
 the 1565 rebellion by resettled Shans in Pegu, he faced no new rebellions for the next two years (1565–1567).Because the rebellion burned down major swaths of the capital, including the entire palace complex, he had the capital and the palace rebuilt. The new capital had 20 gates, each named after the vassal who built it. Each gate had a gilded two-tier pyatthat and gilded wooden doors. The newly rebuilt Kanbawzathadi Palace was officially opened on 16 March 1568, with every vassal ruler present. He even gave upgraded titles to four former kings living in Pegu: Mobye Narapati of Ava, Sithu Kyawhtin of Ava, Mekuti of Lan Na, and Maha Chakkraphat of Siam. Lan Xang and Siam (1568–1569)

Even as he triumphantly entered the new palace as the universal ruler, or cakkavatti, trouble was already brewing in Lan Xang. About a month earlier, he had been informed that Setthathirath's forces not only had retaken Vientiane but were also raiding eastern districts of central Siam and Lan Na.In response, he had rushed down troops from the Shan states and Upper Burma to the border. But it was a rush job. The army could only muster 6000 troops on short notice, and was thoroughly routed at the border. More bad news piled up. He learned on 12 May 1568 that southern Siam (Ayutthaya) too had revolted, and entered into an alliance with Lan Xang. The rebellion was led by Maha Chakkraphat, the deposed king of Siam whom Bayinnaung had just showered with honors and permitted to return to Ayutthaya on pilgrimage as a monk. No sooner had the monk arrived at Ayutthaya than he flung off the robe, and declared independence.But all was not lost. The ruler of central Siam (Phitsanulok), Maha Thammarachathirat, remained loyal to him. On 29 May 1568, a dismayed Bayinnaung sent an army of 6000 to reinforce Phitsanulok. The war began in June. Desperate to consolidate the Chao Phraya valley before the expected dry-season invasion, combined Ayutthaya and Lan Xang forces braved unforgiving rainy season conditions and laid siege to Phitsanulok. But Phitsanulok's reinforced defenses held. In late October/early November, the besiegers retreated to their respective cities before the upcoming invasion.<mask>'s five armies (54,600 men, 5300 horses, 530 elephants) arrived at Phitsanulok on 27 November 1568. Reinforced at Phitsanulok, combined armies of 70,000 marched down along the Chao Phraya to Ayutthaya, and laid siege to the city in December 1568. But the Burmese armies, despite taking immense losses, could not break through for months. When Setthathirath and his army approached to relieve the city, <mask> left Binnya Dala in command of the siege, and left with half his force to meet the enemy. On 8 May 1569, he decisively defeated Setthathirath northeast of the city, after which Lan Xang ceased to be of concern to the siege operations. Meanwhile, Maha Chakkraphat had died, and his son Mahinthrathirat made an offer of conditional surrender. It was refused.Bayinnaung demanded an unconditional surrender. Instead he sent one of his Siamese nobles to the city, pretending to be a deserter. King Mahinthrathirat promptly appointed him to a high command. Through the spy's treacherous machinations, one of the city's gates was opened. The city fell on that very night on 2 August 1569. Bayinnaung appointed Maha Thammarachathirat king of Siam on 29 September 1569. Remote regions
While Bayinnaung had decisively defeated Siam, his most powerful rival in the region, his greatest challenge would turn out to be keeping remote, mountainous states in the farthest corners of his empire in check.Guerrilla warfare by small rebel armies combined with difficult terrain and starvation caused more problems for the king's armies than the armies of Siam ever did. Lan Xang (1569–1570)
The remote hilly Lan Xang proved most troublesome. He personally led the two-pronged invasion of Lan Xang in October 1569. Setthathirath made a stand at Vientiane for a few months before retreating into the jungle in February 1570 to conduct his tried-and-true guerrilla warfare. <mask> and his men spent the next two months combing the Lao countryside. Setthathirath was nowhere to be found but many Burmese troops died of starvation and from long marches. Bayinnaung finally called off the search in April 1570, and returned home.When the king arrived back at Pegu, very few men of the original army had survived to reach their own country. Northern Shan states (1571–1572)
Lan Xang was not the only remote, mountainous region the Burmese king had trouble controlling. The northernmost Shan states of Mohnyin and Mogaung (and their vassals in present-day Kachin State and Sagaing Region) collectively revolted in July 1571. He sent two 12,000-strong armies led by Nanda and Thado Dhamma Yaza II. The armies easily recaptured the states. But, like in Lan Xang, the troops spent five punishing months fruitlessly chasing after the renegade saophas in the snow-clad foothills of the Himalayas. Lan Xang (1572–1573)

Meanwhile, Setthathirath's forces sacked the Burmese garrison at Vientiane.Fortunately for the Burmese, so it seemed, the Lan Xang king was killed shortly after—sometime before mid-1572, and a senior minister and general named Sen Soulintha seized the throne. (In Laotian history, the events took place a year earlier. Setthathirath retook Vientiane in the dry season of 1570–1571, and died in 1571.) Much to his surprise, Soulintha refused Bayinnaung's ultimatum to submit. Incredulous, Bayinnaung sent Binnya Dala to lead an invasion with a small army of 6000, with the majority of troops coming from Lan Na and Siam. But he and the Toungoo court had underestimated the opposition. Lan Xang's strength was more than Setthathirath, and Soulintha proved no pushover.The small Burmese army suffered from guerrilla attacks, and had to retreat in early 1573. At Pegu, the king was furious at Binnya Dala, hitherto his most trusted adviser and favorite general, despite the fact that he had given the general little to work with. He sent Binnya Dala into exile "to a sickly place" in central Siam, where the general who had won him many a battle died from illness six months later. Lan Xang and northern Shan states (1574–1577)
He immediately ordered the levy to be raised to invade Lan Xang in the following dry season of 1573–1574. But the kingdom had been in constant campaign mode, and his annual demands of more levies were pushing his vassals to the breaking point. Even his senior advisers murmured loudly, and the king reluctantly agreed to postpone the expedition for a year. The respite did little to restore the ranks of depleted vassals.When the conscription drive came in 1574, the northernmost states of Mohnyin and Mogaung refused, and revolted. The king was unfazed. He ordered Thado Minsaw, the ruler of Ava, to take care of the northern states while he personally led the Lan Xang campaign. On 1 October 1574, Thado Minsaw's army (6000 men, 800 horses, 80 elephants), made up of regiments from Upper Burma and the Shan states, marched north. Six days later, Bayinnaung's four armies (34,000 men, 1800 horses, 180 elephants), with regiments from Lower Burma, Lan Na and Siam, began the Lan Xang campaign. The armies arrived before Vientiane after 60 days marching. On 6 December 1574, the king and his massive armies faced no opposition entering Vientiane, as Soulintha had already evacuated to the countryside.Fortunately for the Burmese king, Soulintha was viewed as a usurper by his own officers, who arrested him and presented him to the conqueror. Burmese armies again fanned out to and received tribute from the Lao countryside, including easternmost Lan Xang, which is now part of present-day Vietnam. The Burmese king appointed a younger brother of Setthathirath, Maha Oupahat (Chao Tha Heua), king of Lan Xang with the regnal name Voravongsa I, and returned to Pegu on 16 April 1575. Since he was a true high Lan Xang royal he was accepted by the populace as the rightful successor to Setthathirath. Lan Xang was finally under control. The low-grade rebellion in Mohnyin and Mogaung remained a pesky thorn in Bayinnaung's side. The rebel chiefs simply retreated to the jungle when the army showed up, returning right after the army left.The king was particularly annoyed that the leader of the rebellion, the young saopha of Mogaung, had been raised at the Pegu palace, and that he himself had appointed him to the office in 1572. He personally marched north in late 1575, and sent several battalions to comb the jungles. One battalion ran into the rebels deep in the hills, and killed the saopha of Mohnyin. But the saopha of Mogaung escaped and remained at large for another year and a half. When the renegade saopha was finally captured, and brought before the king on 30 September 1577, the king ordered that the young chief be exhibited in fetters for a week at each of the twenty gates of Pegu, and that he and his followers be sold as slaves in India. Later years

Ceylon

By 1576, almost no one wanted to challenge Bayinnaung's rule, and the rest of his reign was to be relatively quiet. Other states in the region—in particular, rival Ceylonese kingdoms—were keen to receive his support.For his part, Bayinnaung viewed himself as the protector of Theravada Buddhism, and had long tried to promote and protect the religion in Ceylon. Two decades earlier, in November 1555, he sent rich presents to the Tooth of Kandy, and bought land there to keep lights continually burning at the shrine. His craftsmen beautified the temple and swept it with the broom made of his and his chief queen's hair. In 1560, upon hearing that the Portuguese had seized and taken the tooth relic to Goa, he sent envoys to secure the relic for 800,000 silver kyats (41,000 pounds sterling) and shiploads of rice, whenever needed, to provision the Portuguese garrison at Malacca. Viceroy Constantino de Bragança was interested but the Archbishop of Goa, Gaspar de Leão Pereira, overruled him by threatening the viceroy with an Inquisition style trial. In 1561, "while the Burmese envoys gazed in frozen horror, the archbishop placed the Tooth in a mortar, grounded it to powder, burned it in a brazier, and cast the ashes into the river." The Ceylonese however claimed that the destroyed relic had been a replica, and that the true Tooth had remained in Ceylon.Two teeth, claimed to be the real Tooth, appeared in Ceylon, one at Colombo and the other at Kandy. By the 1570s, both Kotte and Kandy were jockeying for Bayinnaung's support. King Dharmapala of Kotte was the most active. He presented who he said was his daughter to Bayinnaung. The princess was received with great fanfare at Bassein (Pathein) on 24 September 1573. According to G.E. Harvey, however, the Kotte king's action was not voluntary: the Burmese king had demanded a princess to fulfill a prophecy given by his astrologers, and Dharmapala, who had no daughters, complied by sending the daughter of a chamberlain, whom he had treated as his own.At any rate, Dharmapala, who had converted to Catholicism, continued to curry favor by sending what he claimed was the real Tooth relic, ostensibly to be safeguarded under the protection of the great Buddhist king. The main purpose of his mission was to seek military help against a rebellion. The Tooth was received on 14 July 1576. While it is unclear whether Bayinnaung actually believed in the authenticity of the relic, the possession of a holy Tooth, which many millions of subjects believed in, was of the highest importance. In return, Bayinnaung sent 2500 of his best "invulnerables" from all parts of the empire in five ships to Colombo. The king's best troops easily defeated the rebellion, which was noticed by the other three rulers on the island. Chronicles say that the Burmese generals then received the rulers of the four kingdoms of Ceylon in Colombo, and instructed them to safeguard the religion.King Karaliyadde Bandara of Kandy, offered a daughter and what he claimed was the real Tooth. But His Majesty, seeing no reason to reopen the case, would not enter into controversy with skeptics and dismissed them with thanks. Lan Na and Lan Xang (1579)
No troubles arose when Queen Visuddhadevi of Lan Na, who had successfully kept the middle Tai country quiet for over 13 years, died on 2 January 1579. Bayinnaung's choice Nawrahta Minsaw, one of his sons, faced no problems taking over the Lan Na throne. When instabilities arose in Lan Xang, he took no chances. On 17 October 1579, he sent a sizable army (22,000 men, 1200 horses, 120 elephants), which faced no opposition. According to Laotian history, the vassal king of Lan Xang Maha Ouparat died in 1580, and Bayinnaung installed Sen Soulintha, the usurper whom he had kept in Pegu since 1574, as the successor.The Burmese chronicles make no mention of any change for the rest of the king's reign. The Chronicles' lone post-1579 entry on Lan Xang during his reign simply states that on 2 September 1581, the king commissioned a Buddhist pagoda in Lan Xang. The Chronicles say that the vassal king died in September/October 1588. Arakan (1580–1581)
By 1580, not only had the "universal ruler" subdued all the countries which had occupied his attention for the last three decades but he also had the respect of neighboring states. He faced no internal or external threats (although Portuguese Goa considered itself technically at war with Burma for her interference in Ceylon). Instead of resting, he turned his gaze on Arakan, the kingdom he and Tabinshwehti unsuccessfully tried to conquer in 1545–1547. He determined that it was now time to reduce the western coastal kingdom to the vassal status it held under the Pagan kings once more.A year earlier, he had sent an embassy to Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire, which had just acquired Bengal in 1576, perhaps to ascertain whether his occupation of Arakan would be viewed as an act of hostility to the Mughals. At any rate, the king sent an 8000-strong naval invasion force on 15 October 1580. The fleet, which consisted of 200 ships, went on to occupy Sandoway in November 1580. The king had probably planned to lead the assault on the Arakanese capital Mrauk-U by himself but could not because of his failing health. The invasion force remained inactive at Sandoway for a year. The king sent additional land and naval forces (29,000 troops, 1600 horses, 120 elephants) on 28 August 1581 in preparation for the coming dry season campaign. But the king died six weeks later, and the invasion forces withdrew soon after.Administration

Emperor without an empire

Bayinnaung successfully assembled the largest empire in Burmese history. The empire spanned "from Manipur to Cambodian marches and the borders of Arakan to Yunnan," and likely received "propitiatory homage" from states as far east as Vietnam and Cambodia. Notwithstanding its fragility, his realm was certainly the largest empire in the history of mainland Southeast Asia and "probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia." The Portuguese called Pegu "the most powerful monarchy in Asia except that

masks: Bayinnaung Bayinnaung Bayinnaung


title: Charon Asetoyer

texts:
<mask> (née Huber, born March 24, 1951) is a Comanche activist and women's health advocate. <mask> is one of the founders of the Native American Community Board (NACB) and the Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center (NAWHERC). President Clinton appointed her to the National Advisory Council for Health and Human Services (HHS). She has been awarded the Woman of Vision award by the Ms. Foundation and the United Nations Distinguished Services Award. Biography
<mask> was born on March 24, 1951 in San Jose, California to a Comanche mother and father of European descent. She has been no stranger to activism and hardship, even in her young high school days. Asetoyer's first formulation of strategic protesting occurred in her high school cafeteria, where she staged a school-wide sit in as a way to protest the existing food conditions and demand a hot-lunch program.Her attempts worked and by the end of the week her school had implemented new lunch arrangements that met the desired standards. Fashion and women's beauty also had a profound impact on Asetoyer's young life; as a young entrepreneur, she started her own dress company from her home, and she later dropped out of high school in order to expand her business. Asetoyer referred to herself as "creative, independent, and an entrepreneur" and noted that she learned more in the coffee shops and streets of California than she would have in the halls of her high school. She moved to San Francisco and successfully ran her own dress shop until 1971 when she closed the boutique in order to enroll in San Francisco City College. San Francisco brought important elements into Asetoyer's life, including more activist opportunities and her marriage to Dennis Duncan. Her marriage to Dennis Duncan, officially initiated in 1972, led her into her first job that merged her activist work and women's health care; she worked as a WIC program leader and counselor at the Urban Indian Health Clinic in SF's financial district. Her job was one of the only beneficial things to come from her marriage to Duncan, his abusive nature led her to end their relationship in 1977 and resultantly compelled her to move out of California.Asetoyer relocated to Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1977, and she enrolled in the University of South Dakota, where she matriculated from in 1981 with a bachelor's degree in criminal justice. 1981 was a monumental year for <mask>, alongside college graduation, she married Yankton Sioux tribe member Clarence Rockboy, and migrated again, this time to Brattleboro, Vermont. While in the American Northeast, Asetoyer significantly expanded her education and her family. First, she gave birth to her first child, a boy named Chaska (American version is Charles). After Chaska's birth, the couple also adopted Clarence's abandoned nephew, Reynold James Brugier. Alongside maintaining a growing nuclear family, Asetoyer obtained a dual master's degree in 1983 for Management and Intercultural Administration from Vermont's School for International Training. Their time in Vermont was short lived.Abiding by Yankton Sioux tradition, the family returned to Sioux Falls, South Dakota in 1983 following the death of Clarence's father. Clarence was to serve a four-year sentence at the reservation in order to fulfill a cultural and religious memorial commitment after his father's passing. The return to Sioux Falls indicates the essential beginning of <mask> <mask>'s activist and political career. In-depth activist work
Her work in California and her own abusive marriage pushed <mask> Asetoyer to help more dislocated women, specifically Natives. In the early 1970s, the American Indian Movement (AIM) coordinated a walk from Canada and across the United States as a way to protest the forced sterilization of Native women by the government, and this caught the eye of <mask>, the young activist. The Indian Health Services, operating under the US government, had been estimated to have sterilized 25% of Native women age 15 to 44 in the late 1970s, without consent from the women or proper education given to them. AIM was a general effort to protest general treatment of Native Americans.In 1978, Asetoyer and many other women involved in AIM joined forces and sought to reconstruct and modernize women's role in the Native community, giving them back some independence within the family unit and in regard to their own healthcare. This group of more than 300 women separated themselves from the American Indian Movement in order to create a more specific group solely for women. These empowered women formed the group known as Women of All Red Nations. <mask> <mask>'s first activist organization was Women of All Red Nations, commonly abbreviated as WARN, and Asetoyer was the brain behind the business of this operation. Asetoyer created a subdivision of WARN that focused on women's healthcare. Generally, WARN aligned itself with the American Indian Movement that was growing throughout the American 1980s. WARN's objectives initially sought out to help Native American women that were underrepresented in society.Under Asetoyer's leadership of her branch, the organization's intentions generally targeted women's health and pregnancy issues that were prevalent on the Sioux Falls reservation, two of the most prominent being fetal alcohol syndrome and forced sterilization. Asetoyer's strong willed personality clashed with the politics of WARN, and in 1985, she abandoned the organization, and her own branch, in order to form a more meaningful program that operated precisely how she wanted it to. With the help of her husband Clarence Rockboy, Everdale Songhawk, Jackie Rouse, and Lorenzo Dion, the Native American Community Board (NACB) was born in Rockboy and Asetoyer's basement of their family home in Lake Andes, SD. The NACB started out with a broad mission and intended to help out Natives on the reservation and in the area with any problem they encountered. The NACB planned out certain campaigns in order to bring awareness to issues in the community, and their first project was centered around what Asetoyer worked on at WARN- fetal alcohol syndrome. "I wanted to get serious about this work. I felt that it was an issue that was plaguing our communities and that we really needed to get a handle on it."By examining the causes of fetal alcohol syndrome, the NACB focused on educational initiatives for young mothers that would lead to better lives for mom and child alike. As Asetoyer and the NACB embarked on this journey to try and transform life on the Yankton Sioux Reservation in South Dakota, they uncovered even more issues among the community. While simultaneously working on the fetal alcohol syndrome objectives, Asetoyer was revamping the general knowledge of women in the area. Creation of the Native American Women's Health Education Resource Center
Through conferences and seminars, Asetoyer worked to spread the word about acknowledging the issues at hand, preventative ideology, elements for treatment, and simply about the fundamental components that would increase the standard of living within the Native American community. By spreading awareness, she met other like-minded individuals that were also seeking change. <mask> Asetoyer envisioned a designated center that would provide information and assistance in regard to the feminine and reproductive health of Native American Women, and in 1988, her dream became a reality with the creation of the Native American Women's Health Educational Resource Center (NAWHERC) where she was named executive director. "NACB established NAWHERC to provide ongoing comprehensive community health education among Native Americans and to impact policy issues that affect indigenous women nationally and internationally."While creating NAWHERC, Asetoyer drew much inspiration from the National Black Women's Health Imperative after visiting their headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. NAWHERC embarked on attacking a wide range of issues within the Native American female community, focusing primarily on elements relating to domestic violence and reproductive health.2 By the end of 1988, NAWHERC's success was adamant. It had already established a domestic violence outpost for victims and survivors, an extensive list of reproductive health programs, information on environmental safety elements, Native American cultural preservation, and was intently circulating literature in relation to AIDs symptoms, treatment, and prevention following the crisis that took place earlier in the decade. NAWHERC was the first organization in South Dakota to actively discuss the treatment and prevention of AIDs. The Native American Women's Health Educational Research Center revolutionized life in Sioux Falls with the help of <mask> Asetoyer's leadership. As the center grew, it became known for its profound influence in leading Native women's health initiatives and community learning. Today, the NAWHERC branch functions as the primary headquarters for NACB activism.As time went on, NAWHERC vastly expanded their list of services to include things like general help forums (alcoholics anonymous, narcotics anonymous, etc. ), more treatment centers for a variety of issues, more extensive health screening to involve prevalent concerns like breast cancer, nutritional services for children and adults, childcare services, and even more critical interests. Domestic situations are still one of the center's top priorities and NAWHERC seeks to bring attention to the rampant domestic abuse in Native families. NAWHERC sponsors a group where women can come together and share their experiences with one another on the topic, provide advice and information, and alert women of the safe spaces and shelters they offer; the center attentively pushes a 'woman's right to leave' campaign and extends help in a multitude of areas to assist women in escaping these detrimental and harmful situations. The center also makes sure that the voices of these women are heard, not just in the community, but at the state and national level as well. "NAWHERC's work has resulted in policy changes such as improvements in informed consent, the provision of patients with results for abnormal pap tests and mammograms, treatment for HIV+ patients, patient confidentiality, and the discontinuation of Norplant." Recent work
Alongside her establishment and running of NAWHERC, Asetoyer actively participates in women's rights conventions and she travels extensively to speak around the world.Asetoyer tried to continue her hand in politics throughout the early 2000s by running for Mayor of Lake Andes and state senate in two separate elections, but all attempts were unsuccessful. In the mid 2000s, she campaigned against gerrymandering in South Dakota and how polling centers actively prevented Natives from voting. In 2004, a polling place in Lake Andes, SD on the Yankton Sioux Tribe had an illegitimate sign that said in order to vote, a valid photo ID was required. <mask> <mask> stood up against this injustice with the proof that it was not legal to require an ID and that there were government-accepted alternate documents, especially because Natives living in Yankton Sioux did not have IDs. Asetoyer claimed that poll workers were being force-fed incorrect information in order to cancel the Native vote, and at least twenty one Native Americans were turned away from the polls in just that location. Asetoyer and the community outcry gained the attention of South Dakota's Secretary of State, Chris Nelson. Nelson adamantly agreed with Asetoyer and set out on an initiative to educate poll workers and higher-ups authorities at the polls.More on the outside realm of politics, she has spoken at the World Conference for Human Rights, in front of the United Nations, and directly to US presidents. "<mask> has also influenced political change at the federal level. President Clinton appointed her to serve on the National Advisory Council for Health and Human Services (HHS), and she has served on the National Environmental Justice Advisory Committee of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)." She works now to reverse the anti-abortion stance of South Dakota and identifies as a pro-woman, pro-choice democrat and still searches for political activist work. Alongside her political strides in the democratic community, the Native American women still remain at the top of <mask> <mask>'s priority list. <mask> published the book Indigenous Women's Health Book within the Sacred Circle: Reproductive Rights, Environmental Health, Traditional Herbs and Remedies in 2003, naming the author as NAWHERC so proceeds benefit her organization. The Indigenous Women's Health Book revolutionized knowledge and accessibility for the named women because it was the very first book to address the reproductive issues and feminine health of indigenous women.<mask> <mask> has received numerous awards throughout her forty plus years of feminist activism for the Native American community, but her notable distinctions and accolades aren't stopping her anytime soon; Asetoyer says there is still an extensive amount of work that needs to be done in so many areas of focus. <mask> Asetoyer learned the power of collective uniting at a young age with her in-school protest, and her own experiences as a woman pushed her to help the Native women in need. Over the span of her continuous career, Asetoyer has touched the hearts and lives of countless Native American women by standing up for their rights, protecting them, and giving them a feminist icon to look up to. Through her multitude of organizations, she has revolutionized living and health conditions for female Natives that may never have happened without her perseverance, even in the face of opposition. Writings

NAWHERC

Journal articles and book chapters

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 Profile on SheSource
 Interview (NBC news)
 Oral history interview (Smith College, 2005)
 <mask> <mask> papers, at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College. 1951 births
University of South Dakota alumni
SIT Graduate Institute alumni
Comanche people
American women's rights activists
Native American activists
People from San Jose, California
Living people
Activists from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Charles Mix County, South Dakota
Activists from South Dakota

masks:
Charon Virginia Asetoyer
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title: Charles R. Knight

texts:
<mask> (October 21, 1874 – April 15, 1953) was an American wildlife and paleoartist best known for his detailed paintings of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. His works have been reproduced in many books and are currently on display at several major museums in the United States. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York City. As a child, <mask> was deeply interested in nature and animals, and spent many hours copying the illustrations from his father's natural history books. Though legally blind because of astigmatism and a subsequent injury to his right eye, <mask> pursued his artistic talents with the help of specially designed glasses, and at the age of twelve, he enrolled at the Metropolitan Art School to become a commercial artist. In 1890, he was hired by a church-decorating firm to design stained-glass windows, and after two years with them, became a freelance illustrator for books and magazines, specializing in nature scenes. In his free time, <mask> visited the American Museum of Natural History, attracting the attention of Dr. Jacob Wortman, who asked <mask> to paint a restoration of a prehistoric pig, Elotherium, whose fossilized bones were on display.<mask> applied his knowledge of modern pig anatomy, and used his imagination to fill in any gaps. Wortman was thrilled with the final result, and the museum soon commissioned <mask> to produce an entire series of watercolors to grace their fossil halls. His paintings were hugely popular among visitors, and <mask> continued to work with the museum until the late 1930s, painting what would become some of the world's most iconic images of dinosaurs, prehistoric mammals, and prehistoric humans. One of <mask>'s best-known pieces for the American Museum of Natural History is 1897's Leaping Laelaps, which was one of the few pre-1960s images to present dinosaurs as active, fast-moving creatures (thus anticipating the "Dinosaur Renaissance" theories of modern paleontologists like <mask>). Other familiar American Museum paintings include <mask>'s portrayals of Agathaumas, Allosaurus, Apatosaurus, Brontosaurus, Smilodon, and the Woolly Mammoth. All of these have been reproduced in numerous places and have inspired many imitations. <mask>'s work for the museum was not without critics, however.Although he spent considerable time at zoos studying the movements and habits of living animals, many curators argued that his work was more artistic than scientific, and protested that he did not have sufficient scientific expertise to render prehistoric animals as precisely as he did. While <mask> himself agreed that his murals for the Hall of the Age of Man were "primarily a work of art," he insisted that he had as much paleontological knowledge as the museum's own curators. Nationwide attention

After <mask> established a reputation at the American Museum of Natural History, other natural history museums began requesting paintings for their own fossil exhibits. In 1925, for example, <mask> produced an elaborate mural for the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County which portrayed some of the birds and mammals whose remains had been found in the nearby La Brea Tar Pits. The following year, <mask> began a 28-mural series for Chicago's Field Museum of Natural History, a project which chronicled the history of life on earth and took four years to complete. At the Field Museum, he produced one of his best-known pieces, a mural featuring Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops. This confrontation scene between a predator and its prey became iconic and inspired a huge number of imitations, establishing these two dinosaurs as "mortal enemies" in the public consciousness.The Field Museum's Alexander Sherman says, "It is so well-loved that it has become the standard encounter for portraying the age of dinosaurs". <mask>'s work also found its way to the Carnegie Museums in Pittsburgh, the Smithsonian Institution, and Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History, among others. Several zoos, such as the Bronx Zoo, the Lincoln Park Zoo, and the Brookfield Zoo, also approached <mask> to paint murals of their living animals, and <mask> enthusiastically complied. <mask> was actually the only person in America allowed to paint Su Lin, a giant panda that lived at Brookfield Zoo during the 1930s. While making murals for museums and zoos, <mask> continued illustrating books and magazines, and became a frequent contributor to National Geographic. He also wrote and illustrated several books of his own, such as Before the Dawn of History (<mask>, 1935), Life Through the Ages (1946), Animal Drawing: Anatomy and Action for Artists (1947), and Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventure (1949). Additionally, <mask> became a popular lecturer, describing prehistoric life to audiences across the country.Eventually, <mask> began to retire from the public sphere to spend more time with his grandchildren, who shared his passion for animals and prehistoric life. In 1951, he painted his last work, a mural for the Everhart Museum in Scranton, Pennsylvania. He died in New York City, two years later. Legacy

<mask> has been hailed as "one of the great popularizers of the prehistoric past", and as having influenced generations of museum-goers. Examples of <mask>'s work frequently appeared in dinosaur books published in the US during the first half of the twentieth century and countless other artists and illustrators borrowed heavily from <mask>'s conceptions of dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. More recent works also include examples of <mask>'s paintings; for example, Stephen Jay Gould used one of <mask>'s paintings for the cover of his 1991 book Bully for Brontosaurus and another in his 1996 book Dinosaur in a Haystack. Though many other paleoartists have succeeded <mask> (most notably Zdeněk Burian) <mask>'s paintings still remain very popular among dinosaur and paleontology enthusiasts.A commemorative edition of <mask>'s 1946 book Life Through the Ages  was recently published by Indiana University Press, and a 2007 calendar  of <mask>'s paintings is also currently available. Additionally, fantasy artist William Stout has compiled a series of Charles Knight Sketchbooks, which contain many rare and previously unpublished drawings and studies by <mask>. Because <mask> worked in an era when new and often fragmentary fossils were coming out of the American west in quantity, not all of his creations were based on solid evidence; dinosaurs such as his improbably-adorned Agathaumas (1897) for example, were somewhat speculative. His depictions of better-known ceratopsians as solitary animals inhabiting lush grassy landscapes were largely imaginative (the grasslands that feature in many of his paintings didn't appear until the Cenozoic). Although <mask> sometimes made musculoskeletal studies of living animals, he did not do so for his dinosaur restorations, and he restored many dinosaurs with typical reptilian-like limbs and narrow hips (Paul, 1996). In the 1920s, studies by the celebrated palaeontologists <mask> and Gerhard Heilmann (Heilmann, 1926) had confirmed that dinosaurs had broad avian-like hips rather than those of a typical reptile. <mask> often restored extinct mammals, birds and marine reptiles in very dynamic action poses, but his depictions of large dinosaurs as ponderous swamp-dwellers destined for extinction reflected more traditional concepts (Paul, 1996).In his catalogue to Life through the Ages (1946), he reiterated views that he had written earlier (<mask>, 1935), describing the great beasts as "slow-moving dunces" that were "unadaptable and unprogressive" while conceding that small dinosaurs had been more active. Some of his pictures are now known to be wrong, such as the tripod kangaroo-like posture of the hadrosaurs and theropods, whereas their spinal column was roughly horizontal at the hip; and the sauropods standing deeply in water whereas they were land-dwellers. <mask> also drew dinosaur tails dragging on the ground, whereas they were held out approximately horizontally. The late Stephen Jay Gould was one of <mask>'s most well-known fans, notably refusing to refer to Brontosaurus as "Apatosaurus" because <mask> had always referred to the creature with the former name. Gould writes in his 1989 book Wonderful Life, "Not since the Lord himself showed his stuff to Ezekiel in the valley of dry bones had anyone shown such grace and skill in the reconstruction of animals from disarticulated skeletons. <mask><mask>, the most celebrated of artists in the reanimation of fossils, painted all the canonical figures of dinosaurs that fire our fear and imagination to this day". Other admirers have included special effects artist <mask>, who writes in his autobiography An Animated Life, "Long before Obie (Willis O'Brien), myself, and Steven Spielberg, he put flesh on creatures that no human had ever seen.[…] At the L.A. County Museum I vividly remember a beautiful <mask> mural on one of the walls depicting the way the tar pits would have looked in ancient times. This, plus a picture book about <mask>'s work my mother gave me, were my first encounters with a man who was to prove an enormous help when the time came for me to make three-dimensional models of these extinct beings". Paleoartist Gregory S. Paul has also mentioned <mask> as a big influence on him. In 2012, a book about <mask> and his art written by <mask> titled <mask><mask> The Artist Who Saw Through Time was published. An homage to the painter was also made in the 1998 IMAX feature film, T-Rex: Back to the Cretaceous, in which he was portrayed by actor Tuck Milligan. Works

<mask>'s works are currently included as part of the permanent collections of these colleges, libraries, museums, and zoos:
Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
American Museum of Natural History (New York, New York)
Bethune-Cookman College (Daytona Beach, Florida)
Bronx Zoo (Bronx, New York)
Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
The Dinosaur Museum (Blanding, Utah)
Everhart Museum (Scranton, Pennsylvania)
Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois)
Florida Museum of Natural History (Gainesville, Florida)
Illinois State Museum (Springfield, Illinois)
Mesa Southwest Museum (Mesa, Arizona)
Museum of the Earth (Ithaca, New York)
National Museum of Natural History (Washington, DC)
National Zoo (Washington, DC)
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (Los Angeles, California)
Princeton University (Princeton, New Jersey)
Science Museum of Minnesota (Saint Paul, Minnesota)
Sebring Public Library (Sebring, Florida)
Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (New Haven, Connecticut)

In addition, a touring exhibit, Honoring the Life of Charles R. Knight, was launched in 2003 and has visited several locations throughout the United States. Publications
Before the Dawn of History, 1935
Life Through the Ages, 1946
Animal Drawing: Anatomy and Action for Artists, 1947
Prehistoric Man: The Great Adventurer, 1949
Charles R. Knight, Autobiography of an Artist, 2005

See also

 Paleoart
 Wildlife art

Notes

References
Heilmann, G. (1926).The Origin of Birds. London, H.F. & G. Witherby. Paul, G.S. (1996). The art of <mask><mask>. Scientific American 274 (6): 74-81. For <mask>'s dark side see: <mask>, Henry Fairfield Osborn: Race and the Search for the Origins of Man (Ashgate, 2002).External links

The World of Charles <mask>, a website maintained by <mask>'s granddaughter <mask> <mask> (includes most of his paintings)
<mask><mask> biography at Field Museum website
<mask><mask> biography at American Museum of Natural History website
Time Traveler: The Art of <mask><mask>; March 26, 2012; Scientific American

Animal artists
American muralists
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
People from Brooklyn
1874 births
1953 deaths
Paleoartists
People associated with the American Museum of Natural History
People associated with the Field Museum of Natural History
Artists from New York City
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
19th-century male artists

masks:
Charles Robert Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Robert Bakker
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
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Knight
Knight
Knight
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Knight
Knight
Knight
Alfred Romer
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Ray Harryhausen
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Richard Milner
Charles R
. Knight
Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Knight
Brian Regal
Knight
Knight
Rhoda
Knight Kalt
Charles R
. Knight
Charles R
. Knight
Charles R
. Knight


title: Kim Bok-dong

texts:
<mask> (19 April 1926 – 28 January 2019) was a Korean women who became a human rights activist that campaigned against sexual slavery and war rape. She was a young women who was put into sexual slavery by the Japanese Imperial Army; a military that systematically recruited girls between the ages of 10 to 18 years of age from colonized and occupied countries from the 1930s until the end of World War II. From age 14, she was put into comfort stations for eight years across different countries in Asia. Her experiences evoked in her a feminist consciousness and led her to become an activist; advocating the end of war-time sexual violence, anti-imperialism, workers' rights, and inter-Korean reconciliation. Along with the other so-called "comfort women", she made the three-fold demand from the Japanese government: a formal state-level apology, reparations, and correction of Japanese history (including amending Japanese history textbooks to include the truth of the "comfort women" issue). In addition, <mask> herself also supported other "comfort women" to step forward, and was a leader and spokesperson in the "comfort women" movement. <mask> died in Seoul, South Korea, in a hospital, on January 28, 2019.Biography
<mask>-dong was born in Yangsan, Gyeongnam, Korea in March 1926. She was the fourth of six daughters. Her family was wealthy when she was young. However, later her family struggled economically and faced poverty. As a result, she had to put an end to her education. Bok-dong's father died when she was eight years old. Her three older sisters married to escape the hard times, but Bok-dong remained at home with her two younger sisters.Until at age 14~15 in 1941, <mask>-dong and her mother were lied to by Japanese authorities. <mask>-dong was told that she was to support the war efforts by working in a military clothing factory and would return in three years. If not, her family would be considered traitors. The Japanese authorities did not take <mask>-dong away but demanded that her mother sign a document. Her mother could not read so she conceded to the demand, believing that her daughter would work in a factory in Japan. Instead, she was put into militarized sexual slavery in Japanese occupied territories for eight years, including Guangdong, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. <mask>-dong had to have sex every day, especially from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Sundays.She attempted to commit suicide with two other girls by alcohol poisoning, but Japanese soldiers found them unconscious. The army took them to the hospital and medics revived them by pumping their stomachs. Ten days later, she woke up. She said if her father had been alive, she might not have been helplessly taken away. At age 21 and after the war, Bok-dong returned to her hometown. She did not tell her family what happened to her, except to her mother. However, her mother became very distressed and died from a heart attack.After the Korean War, she owned and operated a successful restaurant in Busan where her older sisters lived. <mask>-dong eventually met a man whom she fell in love with. Despite having this love, she suffered throughout her life because she was never able to have a child. She believes this was a result of the sexual abuse she endured. Along with this, her husband later died, not knowing her story. It was not until after he died that she began to speak about her experience. Activism
<mask>-dong stated, "Even as I returned to my homeland, it was never true liberation for me."After her husband died she began to speak out, and later joined another woman seeking official recognition as victims of Japanese sex slavery. In 1992, a year after <mask>-sun first broke the silence on the issue, <mask>-dong finally publicly began to share her experience and detail what happened to her during her time as a sex slave. This was also the year in which she began to participate in the weekly protest, the Wednesday Demonstration, in front of the Japanese Embassy. Then in 1993, <mask>-dong attended and testified at the "World Human Rights Conference" in Vienna, Austria. She had also testified during other events in Japan and the United States. Bok-dong traveled around other parts of the world to tell her story and continued to participate in weekly protests. In an interview, <mask>-dong stated, "by presenting my testimony, I regain my sense of self and feel supported and connected with other women."Networking and connecting with other women allowed her to recognize that there are many people who suffered like she did and gave her a sense of community. She attended the Wednesday rallies to demand a formal apology from Japan and legal reparations from the Korean women who were forced into sexual slavery during the war. Bok-dong acknowledges and recognizes that she has gained a platform where she is able to receive support from both ordinary people and the Korean Council for the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (KCWD). She emphasizes to her supporters and the public at large that they should do the right thing not just for her but for those without a voice, who have gone through similar struggles she has faced as well as for the next generation. The Butterfly Fund
Standing in solidarity with other ‘comfort women’ and wartime rape victims, <mask>-dong and Gil Won-ok established The Butterfly Fund, in an effort to help female victims of sexual violence in armed conflicts around the world. The symbolic meaning behind the name was stated by Bok-dong that, "We as activist would like the victims to be free from their hurtful past, like a butterfly that has just come out of its cocoon.". The fund was started with money from personal donations.In the early stages of the fund, <mask>-dong and Gil Won-ok declared that they would donate all the money they received as reparations from the Japanese to other women as reparation to those who suffered from war just like they had. Eventually, the KCWD formally established the "Butterfly Fund" in order to accomplish Gil Won-ok and <mask>-dong's objective. The fund began to provide support in the form of $500 per month to a victim support group in the Congo in July 2012. This amount would then be expanded once the Japanese governments payed reparations. The first beneficiary of the fund was Rebecca Masika Katsuva, who now runs a shelter for victims like herself. <mask>-dong stated, "It will fly high as [an] emancipatory butterfly to many women war victims with the name of the halmeon." The overarching idea behind the fund was to help and network with sexual violence victims in other countries, not only women in the same geographic space as the founders.For example, the fund has been used to aid Vietnamese women who were raped by Korean soldiers from 1964 to 1973 during the Vietnam War. <mask>-dong also highlighted that Korea too should make efforts to acknowledge war crimes committed by its own people. Artwork
In addition to sharing her stories to the public verbally, <mask>-dong also created art to share with the public. In 1992, <mask>-dong began to live in the House of Sharing due to living a lonely life in Busan. During her time at the nursing home, she participated in an art therapy program. Her artwork told her history to future generations. Artwork from the House of Sharing was included in campaigns to raise awareness and educate the global public on the 'comfort women' issue.Her artistic themes included childhood memories, the experience of Japanese military slavery, and her present life and feelings. She worked in paint, woodblock print, and pencil. Her works included The Day a 14 year old Girl is Stolen Away (1998), As Youth Slips Away, and Suddenly I am Old and Grey (1998), Japan Do Not Trespass -  Dok Island is Our Land (1998), and The Leaves of that Gaunt Tree will Blossom Someday (1998). References

1926 births
2019 deaths
Comfort women
South Korean activists
South Korean women activists
People from Yangsan

masks:
Kim Bok dong
Kim Bok dong
Kim Bok dong
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Hak
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok
Kim Bok


title: Baruch Tenembaum

texts:
<mask> (born 9 July 1933, in Argentina at Las Palmeras colony, a Santa Fe provincial settlement for Jewish immigrants escaping from the Russian pogroms of 1880), the grandson and son of Jewish gauchos, he studied in Buenos Aires and Rosario. He is best known as an interfaith activist, most recently with the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. In an interview to Zenit News Agency, he was asked about his nomination for the Nobel Prize, to what he replied: "Who am I?...just a descendant of slaves". <mask> characterized his life as being dedicated "to thank those human beings who saved lives, who risked themselves. [...] At the Wallenberg Foundation we work intensively to discover, among others, the exceptional deeds of those heroic human beings." The Wallenberg Foundation aims to pay tribute to the "Saviors of the Holocaust", recognizing those who "risked their lives and freedom to save thousands of Jews from a certain death in hands of the Nazis during the Second World War", the site of the foundation explains. Since 2005 the foundation's charter has expanded to highlight the legacies of rescuers in other major conflicts, such as the victims of the Armenian Genocide.<mask> <mask> is a resident of Gibraltar and a member of its small and bustling Jewish community. From Gibraltar, he continues his relentless voluntary work to further the mission of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Education and activism

In 1952, <mask> graduated from the Higher Institute of Judaic Religious Studies. As a teacher and a professor he taught Hebrew and Yiddish language and literature, the Torah, the Prophets and Mishnah. In 1955, he was appointed Director of the Moises Ville Teacher's Seminar in the province of Santa Fe where he taught the Old Testament and philosophy. He was First General Director of the Argentine-Israeli Cultural Institute (ICAI). Important undertakings in the field of education were set in motion and announced from his office, including bar mitzvah tours and the founding of the Tarbut School, among others.He organized the first Latin-American Bible contest. He translated Spanish classics into Hebrew and 'Haskala' literature into Spanish. He launched the idea of establishing interfaith monuments by promoting the creation of a fresco by the Argentine master painter Raúl Soldi at the main church in Nazareth, which was completed in 1968. In 1965, he was a Latin American promoter of the first visit by a Pope to Jerusalem. Granted an award for his work by the Vatican, he was invited to a ceremony at the Vatican City and was received by Pope Paul VI on January 13, 1965. At a separate public ceremony, Monsignor Antonio Caggiano, Cardinal Primate of Argentina, presented him with an Argentine Church award, granted for the very first time for a Jew Jew in Argentina. Along with writer Jorge Luis Borges, he founded la Casa Argentina en Jerusalem, with branches in Buenos Aires and Jerusalem.He has worked on interreligious initiatives with Rabbi Guillermo Schlesinger, Father Carlos Cuccetti, Pastor Sosa, and Father Ernesto Segura, who was the first President of Argentine House in Israel. Tenembaum's Jewish and humanist education is a result of a deep devotion of his teacher and mentor, Rabbi Jacobo Fink, an orthodox rabbi who initiated him in the Jewish knowledge and the Kabbalah, and guided him all of his life. Even if they were far away (he was Great Rabbi in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Haifa, Israel, and Buenos Aires, Argentina) so close was their relationship that every Friday they had a conversation, which was never ever postponed until the last day of his life. In 2009 world gambling operator Ladbrokes gave <mask> <mask> a 1/40 odds to win the Nobel Peace Prize, as opposed to 1/20 to the actual winner, US President Barack Obama. He was the co-author, together with Dr. Shalom Rosenberg, professor of philosophy at the Hebrew University at Jerusalem, of the book 'Holy Places in the Holy Land'. Kidnapping

On January 31, 1976, <mask> <mask> was kidnapped by rightwing extremists belonging to the Triple-A (Argentine Anti-subversive Alliance) a clandestine state terrorist organization founded under the aegis of José López Rega, a sinister character of great influence during the government of President Isabel Perón. Together with members of the military and police, the Triple-A supposedly began the "disappearance" of people in Argentina which, by the end of the military dictatorship in 1983, came to a total of 30,000 persons.The kidnappers allegedly accused him of "infecting the Catholic Church with the virus of Judaism" and "of spreading ideas of alleged coexistence so as to destroy Christian principles" through his inter-faith work, which they claimed, "leads to the destruction of the Creole republic". Additionally, they accused him of being a part of the sinister "conspiracy" known as the Plan Andina. In a dramatic turn of events, his wife Perla volunteered as a hostage and was also kidnapped herself. While he was in captivity Father Horacio Moreno spoke out for him, calling for his freedom from his pulpit at Fatima Church and later holding a face-to-face meeting with the kidnappers who self-defined themselves as "concerned Catholics". Finally, he was liberated. Since then Mr. Tenembaum resides outside of Argentina, from where he leads the international affairs of the Wallenberg Foundation. Activism and events

<mask> <mask> promoted the idea of installing a memorial mural dedicated to the victims of the Holocaust inside the Buenos Aires Cathedral.This mural is the first monument of its kind, it contains Jewish religious texts and was inaugurated by the then Cardinal of Argentina and Archbishop of Buenos Aires Antonio Quarracino and unveiled by <mask> <mask> and Lech Wałęsa, Nobel Peace Prize, in April 1997. In February 1998 Cardinal Quarracino died and a unique homage of survivors of the Holocaust over the grave of a Primate Cardinal in a Catholic Cathedral was held on April, that same year. So outstanding was the impact of this mural that on 2004, in a moving ceremony, the Vater-Unser Church in Berlin inaugurated a replica of this memorial. <mask> <mask> was invited by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, to a meeting specially held on the day of the 90th anniversary of the birth of the Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. During the meeting, that took place at the Secretary General's residence in New York, <mask> presented a Commemorative Medal specially commissioned and coined to mark the anniversary. Mrs. Nane Annan, the wife of the world leader and niece of the Swedish diplomat, also attended the event. This was the second time Kofi Annan met the founder of the IRWF.<mask> continued his work on humanitarian causes searching for gentiles who helped Jews during World War II. After eight years in self-imposed exile, and following the fall of the military dictatorship, he renewed his visits to Argentina. <mask> was one of the founders of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Raoul Wallenberg was the Swedish diplomat who disappeared in the Soviet Gulag after saving the lives of thousands of Jews and other persecuted by the Nazis during World War II. The foundation honors Wallenberg's memory, and continues to hunt for him or his remains. The Wallenberg Foundation also honors other righteous gentiles who saved Jews during The Holocaust or shoah. The most outstanding cases of saviors of the Holocaust brought up by the foundation are Uruguayan Dr. Alejandro Pou, Polish savior Irena Sendler, Luiz Martins de Sousa Dantas (whose story was investigated by Brazilian professor Fabio Koiffman- awarded by the IRWF), and especially Monsignor Angelo Roncalli, in whose honor The Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli International Committee, an international grouping of distinguished scholars, historians, journalists, and other personalities, was founded within the framework of the IRWF.Its mission is to carry out investigations into the rescue actions performed during the Second World War in Istanbul by the then Vatican Nuncio who later became Pope John XXIII. In 2001, under the auspices of Casa Argentina en Israel - Tierra Santa and the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation, the website www.bialikencastellano.com was created, which became the most comprehensive and important online source on the life and work from the famed Israeli national writer and poet. In October 2003, United States Congressman Tom Lantos made a speech on the floor of the House of Representatives to honor Tenembaum, and had a fuller tribute inserted into the Congressional Record Wallenberg apparently was instrumental in saving Lantos from the Nazis. Tenembaum also received the Royal Order of the Polar Star from H.M. King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden. Tenembaum has had an audience with the Pope. He frequently has letters to the editor published. On July 9, 2014, the United States Congress presented the Congressional Gold Medal to Raoul Wallenberg, following an initiative by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation.The ceremony took place at the Capitol Rotunda, with the presence of living relatives of Raoul, including his half-sister, Nina Lagergren, and Matti von Dardel (widow of his late half-brother, Professor Guy von Dardel). In a previous luncheon ceremony at the Congress, a distinguished group of dignitaries, senators, congressmen, and diplomats recognized the distinctive role played by the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. <mask> <mask> and Elsa Kononowicz are the parents of Mookie <mask>, a published philosopher, lawyer and conceptual artist, Yoav <mask>, an historian and author, and <mask>, a strategy consultant. He also has six grandchildren and one great-grandson. Honours
Among the decorations received it is worth mentioning the following:
The Order of the Croatian Star with the Effigy of Katarina Zrinska, Croatia
Order of Merit, Romania
Royal Order of the Polar Star, Sweden
Order of Merit, Portugal
Order Bernardo O´Higgins, Chile
Cross "Komandorski" of Merit, Poland
Tribute from the House of Representatives U.S. Congress, United States
Distinguished Citizen of the Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
Distinguished Citizen of the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

References

1933 births
People from San Cristóbal Department
Raoul Wallenberg
Argentine Jews
Illustrious Citizens of Buenos Aires
Living people

masks:
Baruch Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
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Tenembaum
Baruch
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Tenembaum
Abigail Tenembaum


title: Iskandar Abdul Samad

texts:
<mask> is a Malaysian politician who served as Selangor State Executive Councillor. He had also served as one of the Board of Directors of the Selangor State Development Corporation (PKNS). In 2014, he was rumoured to be appointed the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the Selangor State but Mohamed Azmin Ali was chosen. He is currently the National Treasurer of the Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS). He is an old boy of the Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK). He has a British degree in Architecture. PAS Vice President For 2 Terms
In the 2015 Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party leadership election he was chosen as one of the three Vice Presidents after securing 672 votes from the delegates.At the 2017 party election, the incumbents were challenged by Temerloh Member of Parliament, Ustaz Nasrudin Hassan but he was not successful. <mask> managed to retain his Vice President post by securing 703 votes. 2016 Sungai Besar By-Election
In May 2016, <mask> as the Vice President of PAS said that the party's decision to contest the 2016 Sungai Besar by-election is final and should not be questioned by anyone. He also said that it is a traditional PAS seat. In a related event, Selangor Chief Minister (Menteri Besar) Mohamed Azmin Ali denied allegation that he had asked the State Executive Councillors from PAS to resign from government if PAS intend to contest the by-election. Finally the Sungai Besar Parliamentary by-election was contested by Barisan Nasional (BN), PAS and Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah), a three-cornered fight. The candidates were from BN with Budiman Mohd Zohdi, PAS with Dr <mask> Osman and Amanah with Azhar <mask>r.The by-election was won by BN with a 9,191 votes majority. Their candidate reaped 16,800 votes leaving Dr <mask> (6,902 votes) and Azhar (7,609 votes) far behind. Dropped As The PAS' State Commissioner For Selangor. After winning the Vice President post for the second time he was dropped as the PAS' State Commissioner for Selangor. He is said to be in favour of working with other opposition parties and could be the reason he was axed. However, PAS Secretary General, Datuk Takiyuddin Hassan clarified that Iskandar has been promoted and given the task of monitoring the party's machinery in the central and south zones (Selangor, Melaka, Negri Sembilan and Johor). He was replaced by Ustaz Sallehen Mukhyi from Sabak.Declined To Defend His Vice President Post
<mask> declined to defend his Vice President post in the 2019 Malaysian Islamic Party leadership election. Subsequently Terengganu Menteri Besar (Chief Minister), Dr Ahmad Samsuri Mokhtar won uncontested together with incumbents Ustaz Idris Ahmad and Datuk Nik Mohd. Amar Nik <mask>. According to Iskandar he wanted to give way to a more high profiled candidate. He however was one of the 18 Central Committee members elected, finishing fourth garnering 856 votes from the 1,230 delegates. Housing
In September 2016, Iskandar announced that it will be compulsory for developers to build 10% to 20% affordable units for their serviced apartment, small office/home office (Soho) or small office/virtual office (Sovo) projects. These units will be controlled by the Selangor  Housing And Property Board (Lembaga Perumahan Dan Hartanah Selangor / LPHS) and can only be sold to those eligible.Each unit will cost between RM230,000 to RM270,000. In March 2018, <mask> informed that the Selangor State Government had resolved 53 abandoned housing projects involving 24,660 units from 2008 to 2017. In December 2008, there were 116 abandoned housing projects or 42,541 units. Caring Government Residents' Improvement Aid (CERIA)
During <mask>'s tenure as the State Executive Councillor, the Selangor State Government launched the Caring Government  Residents' Improvement Aid (CERIA) scheme in 2010 to repair and rehabilitate low cost and medium cost apartments on a cost sharing basis. Initially the State Government pays 80 percent and the houseowners pay 20 percent. In July 2017, he announced that 183 low cost and medium cost housing projects had been rehabilitated since 2010 under the CERIA programme costing more than RM55 million. He also said 88 lifts from 17 projects will be rehabilitated at a cost of more than RM22 million under the SMART LIFE programme.While 90 lifts from 22 projects will be maintained by the Selangor State Government at a cost of almost RM800,000. Rumah Selangorku
The Rumah Selangorku (My Selangor Home) programme is the  Selangor State's affordable housing scheme started in 2014 when Iskandar was the Executive Councillor in charge of housing where developers must build homes ranging between RM42,000 and RM250,000 per unit. Under the scheme it is compulsory for developers that develop more than 10 acres of land to dedicate a certain percentage of their development for affordable housing. In September 2016, Iskandar urged the Federal Government to follow the Rumah Selangorku policy where priority is being given to constructing affordable homes. There are several types namely RM42,000, RM100,000, RM150,000, RM180,000, RM220,000 and RM250,000. In March 2017, Iskandar reported 20,675 unit of affordable homes under the Rumah Selangorku programme from 24 projects are being constructed. While 665 units from 2 project have been completed.In total, 89,396 units have been approved and 24,700 units in 24 project have already obtained the planning approval. While 3,803 units in 13 projects have obtained the building plans approval. Smart Sewa
In January 2017, Iskandar as the Selangor State Executive Councillor for Housing, Building Mangaement and Urban Living announced that the State Government will spend RM100 million to buy the Rumah Selangorku Affordable Homes. The houses will be rented out under the Smart Sewa (Smart Rental) scheme to people who failed to get the financing to buy their own home or those who are not yet ready to buy a house. Under the scheme, 30% of the rent paid will be returned to them at the end of their rental contract. They can use the money to buy their own home. Iskandar reported 260 units of Affordable Homes have been identified and will be bought at a cost of RM46.5 million.The units are at Pangsapuri De Kiara (30 units), Pangsapuri De Bayu (30 units), Pangsapuri Bandar Bukit Raja (50 units), Apartment Trifolis, Bandar Botanic (30 units), Jade Hills Kajang (50 units), Pangsapuri Bandar Rimbayu (50 units) and Bandar Seri Coalfields, Sungai Buloh (20 units). REACH
He is the founder and Head Coordinator of the Pusat Sumber Untuk Kemajuan Masyarakat Dan Perumahan or Research Centre For The Advancement Of The Community And Housing (REACH). On 18 March 2020, REACH urged the Malaysian Government to instruct the banks and other financial institutions to allow borrowers to suspend their loan repayments due to the Covid-19 pandemic. On 17 April 2020, Iskandar as the Head Coordinator of REACH said the government will be a laughing stock if they did not appoint suitable or qualified people for the government linked companies and agencies. On 5 October 2020, REACH proposed mandatory prison term and whipping for owners of industries found guilty of polluting water source resulting in disruption of water supply. REACH also proposed their assets to be seized. Election results

Honours
  :
  Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Selangor (DPMS) – Dato' (2014)

References

Living people
People from Selangor
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian Islamic Party politicians
Members of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly
Selangor state executive councillors
21st-century Malaysian politicians
1961 births

masks:
Iskandar bin Abdul Samad
Iskandar
Iskandar
Abdul Rani
Abdul Shuku
Abdul Rani
Iskandar
Abdullah
Iskandar
Iskandar


title: Ron George

texts:
<mask> (born August 30, 1953) is a former Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates. From January 2007 to January 2015 he represented District 30 in the Maryland General Assembly located within Anne Arundel County. He shared this district with Democratic member House Speaker Michael E. Busch and Republican Herbert H. McMillan. Redistricting after 2010 placed <mask> in District 33. He sought the Republican nomination for Governor of Maryland in 2014, but finished fourth in the primary. In December 2014, <mask> expressed interest in being appointed to the District 33 House of Delegates seat vacated by Cathy Vitale, who was appointed a judge. <mask> unsuccessfully ran in 2018 for the state Senate in District 30, which includes Annapolis.<mask> has been a successful Maryland business owner for over 20 years. He owns Ron George Jewelers located in Annapolis and formerly in Severna Park. Biography
Born in Syracuse, New York, August 30, 1953. Master goldsmith certificate, jewelry design and repair, Bowman Technical School for Jewelry Making and Design, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1972. Syracuse University, B.A. (visual & performing arts), 1978. Institute for Psychological Sciences, M.S.(clinical), 2005. Jeweler. Owner, Ron George Jewelry & Repair, 1987–91; Ron George Jewelers, Inc., 1991–present; State House Inn, 2002–07. Volunteer counselor, Covenant House (emergency youth shelter), New York, 1979–81. Volunteer Director, Conquest Boys Club, 1996–2002. National Board member, Traditions of Roman Catholic Homes (home-schooling support organization), 1998-. Volunteer Executive Director, Springhill Center for Family Development, 2002–08.Member, Annapolis Business Association; Maryland Chamber of Commerce; National Federation of Independent Businesses. <mask> Award, Annapolis Republican Central Committee, 2005. Legislator of the Year, Annapolis/Anne Arundel Chamber of Commerce, 2008. Distinguished Service Award, Republican Women of Anne Arundel County, 2009. Former Sunday School teacher, St. Mary's Catholic Church, Annapolis. Married; six children, two grandchildren. As a delegate in the Maryland House of Delegates, <mask> served on the Ways and Means Committee, the Transportation, Education, and Election Law subcommittees, the Sportsmans Caucus, and the Veterans Caucus.<mask> founded Maryland's Doctors Caucus and advisory board. Gubernatorial campaign

Delegate <mask> announced his candidacy for Governor of Maryland on June 5, 2013. During his announcement speech, <mask> unveiled his 10 Point Promise. The Promise calls for building the tax base in Baltimore City, creating safe school zones in Baltimore modeled after the Harlem Children's Zone, conducting independent audits of all state agencies, and lowering corporate and unemployment taxes among other initiatives. This plan prompted the Baltimore Sun Editorial Board on July 17, 2013, to name <mask> "The leader so far in providing a specific platform". <mask> finished last in the primary, behind Larry Hogan, who won the nomination, David Craig, and Charles Lollar. Legislative record
 Voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6)
 Sponsored Wind Energy at Greenbury Point in 2010 (HJ7)
 Sponsored Lawful Presence Requirement for Maryland Drivers Licenses (HB195)
 Sponsored Voltage Regulation Technology - Income Tax Subtraction Modification (HB320)
 Sponsored Local Correctional Facilities - New Construction - Residential Programs for Substance Abuse Treatment (HB967)
 Co-Sponsored Intellectual Disability (Rosa's Law) (HB20)
 Co-Sponsored State Property Tax - Homeowner's Property Tax Assessment Cap Reduction (HB156)
 Co-Sponsored 	State Retirement and Pension System - Military Service Credit (HB191)
 Co-Sponsored Silver Alert Program - Establishment (HB317)
 Co-Sponsored Sales and Use Tax - Exemptions - Veterans' Organizations (HB317)
 Co-Sponsored Natural Resources - Oysters - Dredge Devices (ban repealed.Chapter) (HB218)

Election results

2010 Race for Maryland House of Delegates – 30th District
Voters to choose three:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|25,631
|  19.25%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Michael E. Busch, Dem. |23,995
|  18.02%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Herb McMillan, Rep.
|22,553
|  16.94%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Virginia P. Clagett, Dem. |21,142
|  15.88%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Seth Howard, Rep.
|20,080
|  15.08%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Judd Legum, Dem. |19,670
|  14.77%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|      89
|    0.07%
|
|-
|}

2014 Republican Gubernatorial Primary Election

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|Larry Hogan / Boyd Rutherford
|92,376
|  43.0%
|   Won
|-
|David R. Craig / Jeannie Haddaway
|62,639
|  29.1%
|   Lost
|-
|Charles Lollar / Kenneth R. Timmerman
|33,292
|  15.5%
|   Lost
|-
|<mask> / Shelley Aloi
|26,628
|  12.4%
|   Lost
|}

2018 Race for Maryland Senate – 30th District

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|Sarah K. Elfreth, Dem. |29,736
|  53.8%
|   Won
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|24,639
|  44.6%
|   Lost
|-
|Christopher Wallace, Sr., Lib. |     826
|    1.5%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|       38
|    0.1%
|
|}

Volunteer work

Prior to his jewelry work, <mask> was a volunteer counselor at Covenant House in New York City for two years. He has also been a volunteer director for the Conquest Boys' Club, volunteering from 1996 until 2002.He has been working for the Springhill Center for Family Development since 2002 and has been a National Board member of Traditions of Roman Catholic Homes, a home-schooling support organization, since 1998. <mask> is also a member of the Annapolis Business Association, the Maryland Chamber of Commerce, and the National Federation of Independent Businesses. He received the Ronald Reagan Award from the Annapolis Republican Central Committee in 2005. Additionally, he is a Sunday School teacher for St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Annapolis. Acting career
<mask> is a member of the Screen Actors Guild. He has made appearances in movies such as Chances Are and Broadcast News. He has also appeared in The Doctors, a soap opera, in the late 1970s.Notes and references

External links

 <mask> Campaign website
 <mask> George Jewelers website

1953 births
Living people
Maryland Republicans
Members of the Maryland House of Delegates
People from Columbia, Maryland
Politicians from Syracuse, New York
Syracuse University alumni
People from Anne Arundel County, Maryland
21st-century American politicians

masks:
Ronald Alan George
George
George
George
George
Ronald Reagan
George
George
George
George
George
George
Ron George
Ron George
Ron George
George
Ron George
George
Ron George
Ron


title: Lawrence Welk

texts:
<mask> (March 11, 1903 – May 17, 1992) was an American accordionist, bandleader, and television impresario, who hosted the television program The Lawrence Welk Show from 1951 to 1982. His style came to be known to his large audience of radio, television, and live-performance fans (and critics) as "champagne music". Early life
<mask> was born in the German-speaking community of Strasburg, North Dakota. He was sixth of the eight children of Ludwig and Christiana (née Schwahn) <mask>, Roman Catholic ethnic Germans who emigrated in 1892 from Odessa, Russian Empire (now Ukraine). Welk was a first cousin, once removed, of former Montana governor Brian Schweitzer (Welk's mother and Schweitzer's paternal grandmother were siblings). Welk's  paternal great-great grandparents, Moritz and <mask>, emigrated in 1808 from Germanophone Alsace-Lorraine to Ukraine. The family lived on a homestead that is now a tourist attraction.They spent the cold North Dakota winter of their first year inside an upturned wagon covered in sod. Welk left school during fourth grade to work full-time on the family farm. Welk decided on a career in music and persuaded his father to buy a mail-order accordion for $400 (equivalent to $ in ) He promised his father that he would work on the farm until he was 21, in repayment for the accordion. Any money he made elsewhere during that time, doing farmwork or performing, would go to his family. Welk did not learn to speak English until he was twenty-one and never felt comfortable speaking it in public. Welk became an iconic figure in the German-Russian community of the northern Great Plains—his success story personified the American dream. Early career
On his 21st birthday, having fulfilled his promise to his father, Welk left the family farm to pursue a career in music.During the 1920s, he performed with various bands before forming an orchestra. He led big bands in North Dakota and eastern South Dakota, including the Hotsy Totsy Boys and the Honolulu Fruit Gum Orchestra. His band was also the station band for the popular radio programming WNAX in Yankton, South Dakota. The Lawrence Welk Orchestra scored an immediate success and began a daily radio show, which lasted from 1927 to 1936. The radio show led to many well-paying engagements for the band throughout the midwestern states. In 1927, he graduated from the MacPhail School of Music in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Although many associate <mask>'s music with a style quite-separate from jazz, he recorded one notable song in a ragtime style in November 1928 for Gennett Records, based in Richmond, Indiana: "Spiked Beer", featuring <mask> and his Novelty Orchestra.During the 1930s, <mask> led a traveling big band specializing in dance tunes and "sweet" music (during this period, bands performing light-melodic music were referred to as "sweet bands" to distinguish them from the more rhythmic and assertive "hot" bands of artists like Benny Goodman and Duke Ellington). Initially, the band traveled around the country by car. They were too poor to rent rooms, so they usually slept and changed clothes in their cars. The term champagne music was derived from an engagement at the William Penn Hotel in Pittsburgh, after a dancer referred to his band's sound as "light and bubbly as champagne." The hotel also lays claim to the original "bubble machine," a prop left over from a 1920s movie premiere. <mask> described his band's sound, saying, "We still play music with the champagne style, which means light and rhythmic. We place the stress on melody; the chords are played pretty much the way the composer wrote them.We play with a steady beat so dancers can follow it." <mask>'s big band performed across the country, but particularly in the Chicago and Milwaukee areas. In the early 1940s, the band began a 10-year stint at the Trianon Ballroom in Chicago, regularly drawing crowds of several thousand. His orchestra also performed frequently at the Roosevelt Hotel in New York City during the late 1940s. In 1944 and 1945, <mask> led his orchestra in 10 "Soundies", three-minute movie musicals considered to be the early pioneers of music videos. <mask> collaborated with Western artist Red Foley to record a version of Spade Cooley's "Shame on You" in 1945. The record (Decca 18698) was number 4 to Cooley's number 5 on Billboard'''s September 15 "Most Played Juke Box Folk Records" listing.From 1949 through 1951, the band had radio programming on ABC, sponsored by Miller High Life, "The Champagne of Bottled Beer." Recordings
In addition to the above-mentioned "Spiked Beer", <mask>'s territory band made occasional trips to Richmond, Indiana, and to Grafton, Wisconsin, to record a handful of sessions for the Gennett and Paramount companies. In November 1928 he recorded four sides for Gennett spread over two days (one side was rejected), and in 1931 he recorded eight sides for Paramount (in two sessions) that were issued on the Broadway and Lyric labels. These records are rare and highly valued. From 1938 to 1940, he recorded frequently in New York and Chicago for Vocalion Records. During this period <mask> recorded numerous instrumentals especially for radio stations; these transcription records became a broadcasting staple. <mask> signed with Decca Records in 1941, then recorded for Mercury Records and Coral Records for short periods of time before moving to Dot Records in 1959.In 1967, <mask> left Dot Records and joined its former executive Randy Wood in creating Ranwood Records. <mask> bought back all his masters from Dot and Coral, and Ranwood became the outlet for all of Welk's many artists. They started with a huge reissue of old Dot albums in 1968 to get them started on the right foot. Wood's interest was sold to Welk in 1979. In 2015, Welk Music Group sold the Vanguard and Sugar Hill labels to Concord Bicycle Music while retaining ownership of the Ranwood catalog. <mask>'s estate licensed the Ranwood catalogue to Concord Music Group for 10 years. The <mask> Welk Show

In 1951, Welk settled in Los Angeles.The same year, he began producing The Lawrence Welk Show on KTLA in Los Angeles, where it was broadcast from the Aragon Ballroom in Venice Beach. The show became a local hit and was picked up by ABC in June 1955. During its first year on the air, the Welk hour instituted several regular features. To make Welk's "Champagne Music" tagline visual, the production crew engineered a "bubble machine" that spouted streams of large bubbles across the bandstand. While the bubble machine was originally engineered to produce soap bubbles, complaints from the band members about soapy build-ups on their instruments led to the machine being reworked to produce glycerine bubbles instead. During the show's first year, the bubble machine operated continuously, with the bubbles wafting across the musicians' faces and instruments for the entire hour. Within a year, the bubble machine was retired except for the opening and closing "Champagne Music" selections.Whenever the orchestra played a polka or waltz, <mask> himself would dance with the band's female vocalist, the "Champagne Lady". This was a long-standing tradition in the Welk band; the first Champagne Lady was Lois Best (1939 to 1941), followed during the war years by Jayne Walton. Beginning with the Welk show's freshman year, Welk was careful to program current songs in addition to the traditional big-band standards. The Boyd Bennett rock-and-roll hit "My Boy Flat Top" was featured on two different programs (November 26, 1955 and December 10, 1955, the latter featuring Buddy Merrill on electric guitar). The policy was relaxed over the next year, with new songs still being included but now being treated as novelty arrangements. In the December 8, 1956 broadcast, "Nuttin' for Christmas" became a vehicle for Rocky Rockwell dressed in a child's outfit, and Elvis Presley's "Don't Be Cruel" was sung by the violinist Bob Lido, wearing fake Presley-style sideburns. In another episode, the Lennon Sisters and Norma Zimmer performed the Orlons' No.2 pop hit "The Wah-Watusi" with the bass singer Larry Hooper wearing a beatnik outfit. These stood in comparison to the contemporary American Bandstand, which catered to a teenager audience and featured the latest acts. In a 1971 episode, Welk infamously billed the Brewer & Shipley single, "One Toke Over the Line" (performed as a duet by Gail Farrell and Dick Dale), as a "modern spiritual"; social conservatives of the era saw it as subversive. Later in the 1970s, however, Welk's programs often included current adult contemporary songs performed by his singers, including "Feelings" and "Love Will Keep Us Together" (made famous by Morris Albert and Captain & Tennille, respectively), and current songs were included up through 1982, the final year of production of the show. Whenever a Dixieland tune was scheduled, Welk harked back to his days with the Hotsy Totsy Boys and enthusiastically led the band. Befitting the target audience, the type of music on The <mask>lk Show was conservative, concentrating on popular music standards, show tunes, polkas, and novelty songs, delivered in a smooth, calm, good-humored easy-listening style and "family-oriented" manner. Although described by one critic, Canadian journalist and entertainment editor Frank Rasky, as "the squarest music this side of Euclid", this strategy proved commercially successful, and the show remained on the air for 31 years.Welk's musicians included accordionist Myron Floren, the concert violinist Dick Kesner, the guitarist Buddy Merrill, and the New Orleans Dixieland clarinetist Pete Fountain. Though Welk was occasionally rumored to be tight with a dollar, he paid his regular band members top scale. Long tenure was common among the regulars. For example, Floren was the band's assistant conductor throughout the show's run. He was noted for spotlighting individual members of his band. Welk had a number of instrumental hits, including a cover of the song "Yellow Bird". His highest charting record was "Calcutta", written by Heino Gaze, which achieved hit status in 1961.<mask> himself was indifferent to the tune, but his musical director, George Cates, said that if <mask> did not wish to record the song, he (Cates) would. <mask> replied, "Well, if it's good enough for you, George, I guess it's good enough for me." Although the rock-and-roll explosion in the mid-1950s had driven most older artists off the charts, "Calcutta" reached number 1 on the U.S. pop charts between 13 and 26 February 1961; it was recorded in only one take. The tune knocked the Shirelles' "Will You Love Me Tomorrow" out of the number 1 position, and it kept the Miracles' "Shop Around" from becoming the group's first number-1 hit, holding their recording at number 2. It sold more than one million copies and was awarded a gold disc. The album Calcutta! also achieved number-one status.The albums Last Date, Yellow Bird, Moon River, Young World and Baby Elephant Walk and Theme from the Brothers Grimm, produced in the early 60s, were in Billboards top ten; nine more albums produced between 1956 and 1963 were in the top twenty. His albums continued to chart through 1973. <mask>'s insistence on wholesome entertainment led him to be a taskmaster at times. For example, he fired Alice Lon, at the time the show's "Champagne Lady," because he believed she was showing too much leg. <mask> told the audience that he would not tolerate such "cheesecake" performances on

masks:
Lawrence Welk
Welk
Welk
Magdalena Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Lawrence
Welk
Lawrence We
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk
Welk