title: Keith Dobson

texts:
<mask> is a Canadian psychologist, academic and researcher. He is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Calgary in Canada and has also served as Head of Psychology Department and Director of the Clinical Psychology program at the University. He is President of the World Confederation of Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. <mask>'s research is primarily focused on cognition and psychopathological states, especially depression. He has worked on both cognitive models and mechanisms in depression, and the treatment of depression. His work on cognitive behavioral therapy is the hallmark of his research. <mask>'s research has resulted in over 300 published articles, numerous book chapters and books that include Evidence-based Practice of Cognitive behavior Therapy (2017), The Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive-behavioral Therapy (2017) and the Handbook of Cognitive-behavioral Therapies (2019).<mask> has served as the president of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy, Canadian Psychological Association, International Association for Cognitive Psychotherapy and the British Columbia Psychological Association. He was an Honorary Advisor for the Chinese Association of Cognitive-behavioral therapy during the early 2010s. Education
<mask> received his Bachelor degree in Psychology and Sociology from University of Alberta in 1975. He received his Masters (1977) and Doctoral (1980) degrees in Psychology from University of Western Ontario, and  became a Registered Psychologist from the College of Alberta Psychologists in 1989. Career
After  his doctoral studies, <mask> became Clinical Lecturer  (1980–1981) and then Clinical Assistant Professor (1981–1982) at the University of Western Ontario  Department of Psychiatry  He was then  appointed by the University of British Columbia as  Assistant Professor in 1982 and promoted to Associate Professor in 1987. In 1989, he joined the University of Calgary as an Associate Professor before promotion to Professor of Psychology in 1993. <mask> was appointed as an Honorary Visiting Professor at University of Hong Kong (2004) and Roehamptom University (2009).He interned at the University Hospital-London and the St. Thomas Psychiatric Hospital in St. Thomas, Ontario, in the late 1970s before being appointed as a Psychometrist at University Hospital-London in 1980. In the following two years, he served as Assistant Director of Depression Research Unit at University of Western Ontario. From 1983 till 1989, he was associated with Shaughnessy Hospital, Vancouver as a Professional Associate at Department of Psychiatry. During this tenure, he also served as a Psychologist at the Ministry of Health in Vancouver. In 2010, the Centro de Psicoterapie y Asesoraiento Psicologio Keith <mask> was named after him in La Paz, Bolivia. Research
<mask> has conducted research on cognitive behavioral therapy, clinical psychology and different psychopathological states, particularly depression. His research is focused on both cognitive models and mechanisms in depression, and the treatment of depression.Int the general field of clinical psychology, his research indicated that the directors of clinical training had varying opinions regarding the importance of diversity materials and that the commonly adopted training methods were not very effective. He  wrote an article in the mid-2010s highlighting issues such as aboriginal services, prescriptive authority and medically assisted death, in a Canadian context. His research on therapy indicated feasibility of cognitive behavior therapy for depression. He  co-developed a scale and  participated in several studies that examined avoidance as a coping strategy and its link to depression. He found that the  cognitive behavioral avoidance scale (CBAS) had significant association with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress while having no association with the schema compensatory behavior strategy. He participated in several trials in treatment snd prevention of acute depressionHe has worked on cognitive assessment in depression, the interactive role of cognition and life events in the causation of depression, the capability of assessment tools to differentiate anxiety from depression, and description of stable and unstable aspects of cognition associated with depression. He compared the efficiency and problem solving approach of depressed and non-depressed college students.Variations were observed in the strategy score among the students: it  indicated a conservative problem-solving style along with a deficit in problem solving in the depressed students. He conducted a study in Iran regarding the negative thoughts in depression as proposed by the clinical theory of depression showing that depressed individuals had significantly more negative thoughts regarding self and future as compared to non-depressed individuals. In a study regarding cognitive assessment measures and major depressive disorders, his research indicated the existence of correlated cognitions that are specific to depression. He also  worked on identifying the complementary patterns that might influence   effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression using he structural analysis of social behavior and lag sequential analysis in order to code cognitive therapy sessions for depressed individuals and for the analysis of client and therapist interpersonal behavior sequences. A later focus of his work is on the prediction and prevention of relapse in depression. He studied the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CT) and behavioral marital therapy (BMT) for the treatment of depressed wives and for the improvement in martial satisfaction. <mask> found that BMT had a significant and positive influence on the relationship satisfaction of distressed couples while the combination of both the CT and BMT proved to be effective in reducing the aversive behavior of the married couples.In 2019, he co-wrote the article ‘Concurrent and Prospective Relations between Attentional Biases for Emotional Images and Relapse to Depression’. The participants in his research were administered eye tracking tasks in order to measure attentional biases for emotional images. The participants were then observed for relapse to depression. His research indicated that non-relapsed women who were depressed previously, did not exhibit attentional biases for emotional images. Later research
<mask> is a Principal Investigator for the Opening Minds program which focuses on stigma reduction related to mental disorders in the workplace. He published a paper in 2010 reviewing various workplace anti-stigma intervention programs around the world,  and suggested ways to improve the program efficacy by addressing the culture and norms regarding mental disorders within organizations. He is also  involved in the development of programs that educate about mental health, reduce stigma and promote wellness and resilience;  These programs include The Working Mind and The Inquiring Mind, which have been offered to tens of thousands of participants, as part of the Mental Health Commission of Canada, and extensively evaluated by <mask> and others.He  also examined the relationship between childhood adversity and adult health problems in primary care. In a  study of the association between adverse childhood experiences, resilience and depression. The participants involved in the research were exposed to several tests measuring childhood adversity, psychological resilience and severity of depression symptoms. His research has implications in the development of depression treatments for individuals having history of childhood adversity. He  studied the effects of adult depression on the recollection of adverse childhood experiences. Participants recruited from primary care clinics, for the purpose of this research, were to complete self-reported measures of depression and adverse childhood experiences. His study indicated that variations in the depression symptoms did not correspond with the variations of adverse childhood experience scores among the participants, and that the adverse childhood experience measures are suitable for use in healthcare environment.Awards and honors
2001 - Award for Distinguished Contribution to Canadian Psychology as a Profession, Canadian Psychological Association
2013 - Aaron T. Beck Institute for Cognitive Studies annual award for "Excellence of Contributions to Cognitive-behavioral Therapy", Assumption College
2013 - Donald O. Hebb Award for “Distinguished Contributions to Canadian Psychology as a Science”, Canadian Psychological Association
2017 - Award for Distinguished Contribution to Internationalization of Psychology, Canadian Psychological Association
2018 - Honorary Lifetime Member, Russian Association for Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies
2019 - Honorary Lifetime Member, College of Psychologists of Peru

Publications
Advances in Cognitive-Behavior Therapies. (1996)
The Prevention of Anxiety and Depression: Theory, Research, and Practice. (2004)
Risk Factors in Depression. (2008)
Evidence-based Practice of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (2009)
Cognitive Therapy (2012)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Techniques and Strategies. (2016)
The Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Behavior Therapy: The Heart and Soul of Effective Practice. (2017)

References

Canadian psychologists
1954 births
Living people
University of Calgary faculty
University of Alberta alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
Presidents of the Canadian Psychological Association

masks:
Keith Stephen Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
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Dobson
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Dobson


title: Raman Mundair

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Punjabi: ਰਮਨ ਮੰਡੈਰ) is a British poet, writer, artist and playwright. She was born in Ludhiana, India and moved to live in the UK at the age of five. She is the author of two volumes of poetry, A Choreographer's Cartography and Lovers, Liars, Conjurers and Thieves – both published by Peepal Tree Press – and The Algebra of Freedom (a play) published by Aurora Metro Press. She edited Incoming – Some Shetland Voices – published by Shetland Heritage Publications. Mundair was educated at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and has performed readings of her work at numerous venues Raman's work has been anthologised and received reviews in publications including The Independent, The Herald, World Literature Today and Discovering Scottish. Career
In 2013 and 2014 Raman was a Leverhulme Artist in Residence for Shetland Museum and Archives and one of seven writers from Shetland and Orkney, participating in the University of Edinburgh’s "Writing the North" project. Raman was chosen as one of two British writers to participate in the Word Express, Literature Across Frontiers project.Word Express took 20 young writers from 12 European countries by train through South-East Europe to Turkey, where they took part in readings and literary events in every country they passed through and then took part in the Istanbul Tanpinar Literature Festival and the Istanbul Book Fair). In 2008 Mundair was nominated for the Rolex Mentor and Protégé Arts Initiative. In 2008 Mundair won a Robert Louis Stevenson Award and became a Robert Louis Stevenson Fellow at the Hotel Chevillon in Grez-sur-Loing, France. In this same year she was invited to become Scottish Poetry Library Poet Partner for East Dumbarton. In 2007 she was awarded the Arts Council England International Fellowship at the India International Centre in Delhi and in 2006 Mundair was runner up in the Penguin Decibel Prize for Short Fiction. Raman has been Writer in Residence in Stockholm, New Delhi, Glasgow and the Shetland Islands and has represented The British Council as a writer, workshop facilitator and performer internationally. She is a sought after facilitator of creative writing workshops and her client list ranges from schools and universities to the British Council and Amnesty International.<mask> is a member of Scottish PEN. As a playwright Raman was awarded a mentorship with the Playwrights Studio Scotland in 2005. In 2007 her play ‘The Algebra of Freedom’ was produced to great acclaim by 7:84 Theatre Company and in 2006 she collaborated with the National Theatre Scotland and Òran Mòr – A Play, A Pie, A Pint on Side Effects, a one-act play, which went on to tour Glasgow, Edinburgh and Dublin. Raman was one of the 24 writers chosen by the Royal Court Theatre and the BBC in 2008 for their 24 Degrees project which nurtures and develops work by the "next generation of promising new writers in Britain". As an artist she makes work that represents text and narrative in a visual form. She has collaborated with artist Pernille Spence, filmmaker, Lotta Petronella and new media artist Sean Clark. Her work has been exhibited at Shetland Museum and Archive, the Gallery of Modern Art Glasgow, City Art Gallery, Leicester and the Kevin Kavanagh Gallery, Dublin.In 2011, as part of her Leafing the Green writer's residency, she was commissioned by Aberdeen City Council to create the Secrets of the Green – an interactive poetry plaque installation on the Green in Aberdeen city centre. In 2008 Raman was invited to read at the Scottish Government EU office in Brussels and gave the "reply to the lads" speech at their official Burn’s Supper. She was identified by a national literary survey of Scottish writing as being an exciting, new rising literary voice (Discovering Scottish Literature – A Contemporary Overview, 2008). Early life
Mundair was born in Ludhiana, Punjab, India and migrated with her Mother to Manchester, England in the 70s. She is a first-generation British Asian but resists pigeon-holing saying that she refuses to "reduce my identity just so that binary minds can read me." She lived in Manchester until she was fifteen and then moved to Loughborough (UK). She left the East Midlands (UK) to study History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.Poetry
Mundair's first collection of poetry, Lovers, Liars, Conjurers and Thieves, was published by Peepal Tree Press in 2003. Recent work includes commissioned poems for Ilkley Literature festival, Allegories of Power residency and Edinburgh University’s Writing the North project. Her book A Choreographer's Cartography was published by Peepal Tree Press in 2007 and is about the transcendence of boundaries and boundary crossing, ranging from migration to language. Mundair has taught and run workshops and also been poet in residence at various places ranging from Stockholm University, to the Shetland Islands. She has taught Creative Writing at postgraduate level and South Asian Literature at under graduate level at Loughborough University. Prose
Mundair was runner up in the Penguin Decibel Prize for Short Fiction in 2006. Her collection of short stories – In The Light of Other will be published in 2009.Plays
Side Effects – a site/cast specific collaboration with the National Theatre Scotland opened in August 2006 at the Oran Mor in Glasgow and toured to Edinburgh and Dublin. 16, 2004 (The Study for Indian Literature in English and Translation, 2004)
 Swedish Reflections (Arcadia, 2003). Markings – New Writing and Art from Dumfries and Galloway: Volume 16 (Kirkcudbright/Scottish Arts Council, 2003)
 The New Shetlander, Hairst Issue  (SISS,2003)
 Sable – Spring/Summer03 Issue (Sable Publishing, 2003)
 Calabash, Winter 2002, (Centreprise, 2002)
 The New Shetlander, Voar Issue  (SISS,2002)
 The Redbeck Anthology of British South Asian Poetry (Redbeck, 2000)
 Bittersweet: Contemporary Black Women's Poetry (The Women's Press, 1998)
 The Fire People: A Collection of Contemporary Black British Poets (Payback Press/Canongate Books, 1998)

Mundair wrote the introduction to Red Threads, P. Desai and P. Sekhon (Diva/Miillivres, 2003), a collection of photographs by British Asian queer photographers. Visual art
2014
 the incoming project (installation), Shetland Museum and Archives
2011
 A Servant’s Tale at Coast Festival (site-specific installation for the Coast Festival), a collaboration with artists Margaret Stewart and Elspeth Winram from the Itchee Wasp Collective. The work was exhibited in the East Pavilion of Banff Castle, Scotland and draws on the perceived history and hidden narratives of Banff Castle. 2008
 Here Now, There Now (site-specific, text/performance/installation), a collaboration with artist and Creative Scotland award winner Pernille Spence (Scotland), exhibited along Scot Rail routes in Scotland on 4–6 June. 2007
 Amygdalae (text – part of a performance/installation), a collaboration with Irish artist, Maedhbh McMohan at the Kevin Kavanagh Gallery, Dublin, Ireland
2005
 Voice/Over (text/film installation) at the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow
 Noctuary (film).A triptych of three short films: Pavor Nocturnus, Apnea & Cataplexia explore the effects of domestic violence on sleep. The films were originally exhibited at the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow as part of the Elbow Room season. A collaboration with Finnish filmmaker Lotta Petronella. A Choreographer's Cartography, (new media/text installation), Leicester City Gallery
 Black Pepper Dreams (text/ billboard exhibit and online installation), as part of ArchiTexts 2005
2004
 Awarded Flax Art Studio Residency, Belfast. Residency resulted in Answer Me A Question, a text piece, disseminated throughout the city using a series of postcards. Participating artist (text/photography/video installation) in the Rule of Thumb exhibition at the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow
2003
 TXT ME (new media installation) [part of 'FOLD'], at the Leicester City Art Gallery
2000
 Let Me Hold You (installation) – part of Fragments of Identity exhibition, at The Generator Gallery, Loughborough

References

Sources
 Raman Mundair at www.contemporarywriters.com
 Raman Mundair commissioned poems and dialogue in the Writing The North project, Edinburgh University, 2014
 PDF download of commissioned poems by <mask> Mundair for Ilkley Literature Festival, 2011
 artist collaboration with Pernille Spence
 the incoming project by <mask> Mundair, Leverhulme Artist in Residence, Shetland Museum and Archives
 A Choreographer's Cartography: description, video and audio from exhibition
 Raman Mundair text installation for Architexts 2005 on Indian soldiers in World War 1

English women poets
Indian women poets
Living people
English dramatists and playwrights
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Year of birth missing (living people)
Writers from Ludhiana
Academics of Loughborough University
Indian emigrants to England
English women dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Manchester

masks:
Raman Mundair
Raman
Raman
Raman


title: Justin I

texts:
<mask> (; , <mask>înos; 2 February 450 – 1 August 527) was the Byzantine emperor from 518 to 527. Born to a peasant family, he rose through the ranks of the army to become commander of the imperial guard, and when Emperor Anastasius died he out-maneouvered his rivals and was elected as his successor, in spite of being almost 70 years old. His reign is significant for the founding of the Justinian dynasty that included his eminent nephew <mask> I and three succeeding emperors. His consort was Empress Euphemia. He was noted for his strongly orthodox Christian views. This facilitated the ending of the Acacian schism between the churches of Rome and Constantinople, resulting in good relations between <mask> and the papacy. Throughout his reign he stressed the religious nature of his office and passed edicts against various Christian groups seen at the time as non-Orthodox.In foreign affairs he used religion as an instrument of state. He endeavoured to cultivate client states on the borders of the Empire, and avoided any significant warfare until late in his reign. Early career
<mask> was a peasant and possibly a swineherd by occupation, from the region of Dardania, part of the Prefecture of Illyricum. He was born in the hamlet Baderiana near Scupi (modern Skopje, North Macedonia). He was of Thraco-Roman or Illyro-Roman descent, spoke Latin and only rudimentary Greek, and bore, like his companions and members of his family (Zimarchus, Dityvistus, Boraides, Bigleniza, Sabbatius, etc. ), a Thracian name. His sister Vigilantia (born ) married Sabbatius and had two children: the future emperor Petrus Sabbatius <mask>us (born 483) and Vigilantia (born  490).The younger Vigilantia married Dulcissimus (or Dulcidio) and had at least three children: the future emperor <mask> II (born  520); the future general Marcellus; and Praejecta (born  520), who married the senator Areobindus. As a teenager, he and two companions fled from a barbarian invasion. Taking refuge in Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, they possessed nothing more than the ragged clothes on their backs and a sack of bread among them. Illiterate at the time of his arrival there, <mask> joined the newly formed palace guard, the excubitors. He served in various positions, campaigning against the Isaurians and the Sassanian Persians and was noticed for his bravery. Because of his ability he was successively appointed a tribune, a comes, a senator and, under the Emperor Anastasius I, the influential position of comes excubitorum, commander of the palace guard. During this period he married Lupicina; no surviving children are recorded from this marriage.According to contemporary historian Procopius, Lupicina was a barbarian slave who had been <mask>'s concubine before their marriage. Succession
During the night of 8–9 July 518, Anastasius died and his silentarii, a senior servant, summoned <mask> and Celer to his deathbed. Celer was the magister officiorum (master of offices) and commander of the palace regiments of the Scholae Palatinae, a force of parade-ground display troops. By morning the event had been announced throughout the capital, Constantinople. The high officials, including John of Cappadocia, the recently appointed Patriarch of Constantinople, were summoned to the Great Palace for the election of a new emperor. Meanwhile, the people gathered in the Hippodrome of Constantinople and awaited the proclamation of the name of the new emperor. Anastasius had died childless but had a host of known relatives.This extensive family included several viable candidates for the throne. His brother Flavius Paulus had served as consul in 496. According to John Malalas, the praepositus sacri cubiculi (grand chamberlain), Amantius, had intended to have Theocritus, commander of an elite guard unit, elected to the throne. Theocritus and Amantius were relying on their control of a large military force and on buying the support of the other officials. Amantius was said to have given a substantial sum of money to <mask> in order to buy his support. However, <mask> controlled a smaller, but higher-quality group of soldiers, and used the money to buy support for himself. He was elected as the new emperor by the council and was proclaimed emperor in the Hippodrome as JustinI.His wife became his empress consort under the name Euphemia. The name was probably chosen for reasons of respectability. The original Euphemia was a Christian martyr during the Diocletianic Persecution. She was a local saint of Chalcedon and the Council of Chalcedon (451) had taken place in a cathedral consecrated in her name. The selection of this name was an early indication that <mask> and Lupicina were fervent Chalcedonian Christians. The population of the capital was supportive because of his strong Chalcedonian position on the fierce Christological debate of the time, in opposition to his predecessor's Monophysite leanings. Emperor
<mask> cemented his position by assassinating potential opponents, especially anti-Chalcedonian supporters of Anastasius.Both Amantius and Theocritus were executed nine days after the election. A career soldier with little knowledge of statecraft, <mask> surrounded himself with trusted advisors. The most prominent of these was his nephew Flavius Petrus Sabbatius, whom he adopted as his son and invested with the name <mask>ustinianus (Justinian). Foreign affairs

<mask> endeavoured to cultivate client states on the borders of the Empire, and avoided any significant warfare until late in his reign. In 497 Anastasius had agreed with Theoderic, the Ostrogothic king of Italy, that he would rule Italy as Anastasius' deputy. This preserved Italy as nominally a part of the Empire, and neutralised a potentially dangerous neighbour. The arrangement suited Theodoric, as the Ostrogoths were a small aristocratic minority in Italy and the blessing of Constantinople helped reconcile the majority of the population to their rule.The feelings of the majority of Italians towards the Empire were mixed, as Anastasius was a Monophysite, while they were Chalcedonian. The Ostrogoths were Arians, and there was a tendency to consider both them and Monophysites as different breeds of heretics. With a strongly Chalcedonian emperor on the throne and the Italian-based papacy formally healing the rift the situation became less stable. Initially relations were friendly. Theodoric's son-in-law Eutharic was appointed consul in Constantinople in 519 and confirmed as Theodoric's heir. Eutharic died in 522, by which time <mask>'s policies, possibly influenced by Justinian, had become more anti-Arian. In 526 Theodoric died, leaving Eutharic's ten-year-old son Athalaric as heir to the throne.A number of initiatives in respect of neighbouring states were founded on religious motives, and were usually developed by <mask> as he assumed more power towards the end of <mask>'s reign. Kaleb <mask> of Aksum was probably encouraged to aggressively enlarge his empire by <mask>. Contemporary chronicler John Malalas reported that Byzantine merchants were robbed and killed by the Jewish King of the south Arabian Kingdom of Himyar, causing Kaleb to claim, "You have acted badly because you have killed merchants of the Christian Romans, which is a loss both to myself and my kingdom." Himyar was a client state of the Sassanian Persians, perennial enemies of the Byzantines. Kaleb invaded Himyar, vowing to convert to Christianity if successful, which he was in 523. <mask> thus saw what is now Yemen pass from Sassanian control to that of an allied and Christian state. A number of small states on the borders of the Byzantine Empire and of Sassanian Persia were constant areas of contention between the two powers.The Georgian Principality of Iberia was in the Sassanian sphere of influence, but was Christian. Iberian bishops were sent to Antioch in the Byzantine Empire to be consecrated. Vakhtang <mask> of Iberia was encouraged into war with the Sassanians. A "fervent Christian", his religious policies were "part and parcel of his larger strategic aims". After a lengthy struggle he was defeated and Iberia subjugated as a Sassanian province in 522. Lazica was another border state; it was Christian, but in the Sassanid sphere. Its king, Tzath, wished to reduce Sassanid influence.In 521 or 522, he went to Constantinople to receive the insignia and royal robes of kingship from <mask>'s hand and to make his submission. He was also baptized as a Christian and married a Byzantine noblewoman, Valeriana. After having been confirmed in his kingdom by the Byzantine emperor, he returned to Lazica. Shortly after <mask>'s death the Sassanids attempted to forcibly regain control, but were beaten off with assistance from <mask>'s successor. In 524 the Sassanid emperor Kavadh I approached <mask> asking that he formally adopt his youngest son, Khosrow, in order to secure his succession over his elder, but less favoured, brothers. <mask> was agreeable, but, aware that being childless himself an adopted Persian son would have a claim on the Byzantine throne, offered adoption according to barbarian custom. The Persians were insulted and broke off all negotiations.In 526, the Byzantines raided Persian Armenia at <mask>'s initiative. <mask> was increasingly taking control of policy from his aging uncle. The raiding parties were led by two of <mask>'s up-and-coming military protégees, Sittas and Belisarius. The raids achieved little, other than to make a statement of intent. Religion

<mask>'s reign is noteworthy for the resolution of the Acacian schism between the eastern and western branches of the Christian church. On ascending the throne <mask> invited Pope Hormisdas to Constantinople for negotiations. <mask> sent a similar, but separate, invitation; said to have been closer to a summons.Hormisdas promptly despatched a delegation to Constantinople with instructions to state the orthodox position rather than to negotiate. Carrying out a policy developed by his nephew <mask>, the future emperor, <mask> endorsed Rome's view on the question of the dual nature of Christ. On 28 March 519, in the cathedral of Constantinople in the presence of a great throng of people, a reluctant Patriarch John II accepted the formula of Pope Hormisdas and the end of the schism was concluded in a solemn ceremony. For the first three years of his reign <mask> persecuted the Monophysites, even serving soldiers. Thereafter he adopted a more pragmatic approach. In 523 <mask> issued a strict edict against Arianism. Theodoric, King of the Ostrogoths and ruler of Italy, was an Arian himself, as were most Ostrogoths.He despatched Pope <mask>, Pope Hormisdas' successor, to Constantinople with firm instructions to obtain a policy reversal. John received an exceptionally warm welcome; the population of Constantinople applauded him, <mask> laid on celebrations, prostrated himself at the Pope's feet and insisted on being re-crowned by the Pope's hands. John did not succeed in having the edict overturned, it seems that he did not press the matter. On his return to Italy an enraged Theodoric had him flung into prison, where he shortly died. Again encouraged by <mask>ian, <mask> increasingly expressed his position as emperor as a religious one. He claimed that "we have been elected to the empire by favour of the indivisible Trinity. Edicts were endorsed with "We continuously commit ourselves to all plans and actions in the name of Jesus Christ".In either 519 or 522 <mask> abandoned the tradition of depicting pagan symbols on the reverse of his coins and seals. "During the reign, the characteristic identifying the reverse female figure as Victory, a high girdle below the breasts, was substituted by a tunic, therefore identifying the figure as an angel." This was a very public and widespread restatement of the Empire as a Christian state. Later years

The later years of the reign of <mask> were marked by increased tension with the Empire's neighbours, especially the Ostrogoths, and the Sassanids. In 526 Antioch was destroyed by an earthquake with an estimated 250,000 deaths. <mask> arranged for sufficient money to be sent to the city for both immediate relief and to start reconstruction. The rebuilding of the Great Church and many other buildings was overseen by Ephraim, the comes Orientis, whose efforts saw him replace Euphrasius as the Chalcedonian Patriarch of Antioch.Many of the buildings erected after the earthquake were destroyed by another major earthquake in November 528, although there were far fewer casualties. Procopius of Caesarea's Byzantine historia indicate that <mask>'s mental faculties had begun to decline in his old age, going as far as to write "the Emperor, as an idiot and advanced in age, caused the laugh of the environment, and was also accused of delays in decisions and inability for his duties." <mask>ian
During his uncle's reign <mask> successively occupied the positions of comes domesticorum, commander of the imperial guard, patrician, and, in 521, consul. In 525, <mask> repealed a law that effectively prohibited a member of the senatorial class from marrying women from a lower class of society, including the theatre, which was considered scandalous at the time. This edict paved the way for <mask> to marry Theodora, a former mime actress, and eventually resulted in a major change to the old class distinctions at the Imperial court. She came to participate in <mask>'s rule with very significant and powerful influence. <mask>'s health began to decline and he formally named <mask> as co-emperor and, on 1 April 527, as his successor.On 1 August <mask> died and was succeeded by <mask>. Legacy
The Cilician city of Caesarea was renamed Justinopolis in 525, in honour of <mask> I. The name persisted until the 12th century when Thoros <mask>, king of Armenian Cilicia, made it his capital and renamed it Anazarbus. See also

 List of Byzantine emperors

Notes

Footnotes

References

 Continuité des élites à Byzance durant les siècles obscurs. Les princes caucasiens et l'Empire du VIe au IXe siècle, 2006

External links

 Bury, John Bagnall, History of the Later Roman Empire, Macmillan & Co., Ltd., 1923
 Evans, James Allan, "<mask> I (518–527 A.D.)", De Imperatoribus Romanis, 1998
 Gibbon, Edward, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, vol. 4, chapter xl. Encyclopædia Britannica Justin I

Justinian dynasty
Flavii
Imperial Roman consuls
450 births
527 deaths
Illyrian people
6th-century Byzantine emperors
6th-century Roman consuls
Comites excubitorum
Iberian War
People of the Roman–Sasanian Wars
Anastasian War
Illiterate monarchs
Illyrian emperors

masks:
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title: Anthony Mounier

texts:
<mask> (born 27 September 1987) is a French professional footballer who plays as a left winger for Greek Super League 2 club Kallithea. Club career

Olympique Lyonnais
Born in Aubenas, France, Mounier began playing football when he was four years old and joined US Véore, a club based in Drôme. He then joined Olympique Lyonnais at age twelve and progressed through the ranks of the club's youth system. While training at the Centre Tola Vologe, Rémy trained alongside the likes of Karim Benzema, Loïc Rémy, and Hatem Ben Arfa. In September 2006, <mask> signed his first professional contract with the club after being offered one. <mask> was promoted to the Lyon's first team for the beginning of the 2007–08 season, being given the squad number 27. He made his club debut during the pre-season in the 2007 Peace Cup, where he played in all four matches, scoring a goal in Lyon's first group match against Shimizu S-Pulse.<mask> signed a three–year contract with the club prior to the start of the 2007–08 season. He made his league debut on 12 January 2008 in Lyon's 3–2 win over Toulouse coming on as a substitute. This turns out to be his only appearances of the 2007–08 season, as Mounier found himself placed on the substitute bench throughout the first half of the season. In the summer transfer window of 2008, Mounier wanted to leave the club after a lack of playing time due to his limited first team opportunities, but manager Claude Puel urged him to stay. He made his first appearance of the season, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Grenoble Foot. <mask> then made his UEFA Champions League debut, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–2 draw against ACF Fiorentina on 17 September 2008. Ten days later on 27 September 2008, he provided an assist for Karim Benzema and Fred in a 2–1 win over Nancy.In the UEFA Champions League Group stage on 21 October 2008, Mounier provided an assist for Fred in a 5–3 win over Romanian side Steaua București. He scored his first goal for Lyon on 24 January 2009 in the 2008–09 edition of the Coupe de France nailing a brace in Lyon's 6–0 thrashing of amateur side US Concarneau. In the last 16 of Coupe de France, <mask> scored and provided an assist for Jean Makoun in a 3–2 loss against Lille. He scored his first ever league goal on 22 March 2009 against Sochaux. On 12 May 2009, <mask> scored his second league goal in a 3–0 win against Nantes. However, Mounier found his playing time, mostly coming from the substitute bench. At the end of the 2008–09 season, he went on to make twenty–seven appearances and scoring five times in all competitions.Mounier made his only appearances for Olympique Lyonnais in the 2009–10 season against AJ Auxerre on 22 August 2009, where he set up the club's second goal of the game, in a 3–0 win. OGC Nice
Mounier joined Nice on the last day of the transfer window for €2.5 million plus a profit equal to 15% on a possible future transfer. Upon joining the club, he said his departure from Olympique Lyonnais was to get first team football. On 13 September 2009, Mounier made his debut for the club in a 2–0 loss against Auxerre. His performance later earned him Aiglon of the Month. Since making his debut for OGC Nice, he alternated between a starting and a substitute role before starting a place in the first team. On 24 October 2009, he played against Lyon and assisted teammate David Hellebuyck in a 4–1 win.Two weeks later on 7 November 2009, Mounier set up the only goal of the game, in a 1–0 win against Paris Saint-Germain. His performance throughout December earned him Aiglon of the Month. Two months later on 21 March 2010 against Paris Saint-Germain, he set up the only goal of the game once again, in a 1–0 win. This was followed up by scoring his first goal and set up a goal for Eric Mouloungui in a 2–0 win over Toulouse on 28 March 2010. His performance throughout April earned him Aiglon of the Month. On 8 May 2010, he scored his second goal in a 2–2 draw against Stade Rennais. At the end of the 2009–10 season, Mounier made thirty–three appearances and scoring two times in all competitions.At the start of the 2010–11 season, Mounier continued to regain his first team place for the side, playing in the left–wing position. He continued to assist four times in the first two months of the season. <mask> scored his first of the season with an assist from Danijel Ljuboja where he places the edge of the area left without a resumption of control beating Jérémie Janot in a 2–1 win over Saint-Étienne on 17 October 2010. His performance throughout October and December earned him Aiglon of the Month on two occasions. In the Coupe de France last 16, he scored the only goal in the game with a 1–0 win over JA Drancy on 2 February 2011. <mask> then scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Saint-Étienne on 26 February 2011. Following this, his performance throughout February earned him Aiglon of the Month.On 16 April 2011, <mask> scored his third goal and set up a goal for Mouloungui in a 3–2 win over AS Monaco. After missing four matches due to a thigh injury, he returned to the starting line–up, coming on as a second-half substitute, in a 3–0 loss against AS Nancy on 15 May 2011. Having assisted eleven times throughout the 2010–11 season, Mounier scored four times in thirty–nine appearances in all competitions. At the start of the 2011–12 season, <mask> scored his first goal of the season in a 3–1 loss against his former club, Olympique Lyon in the opening game of the season. On 20 August 2011, he scored in a 1–1 draw against Toulouse and scored again by taking the fly, thirty yards from goal, the ball poorly returned by the defence and past the goalkeeper in the third round of Coupe de la Ligue with 2–1 win on 31 August 2011. His performance throughout August earned him Aiglon of the Month. After missing one match due to ankle injury, Mounier returned to the starting line–up, in a 1–0 loss against AS Nancy on 22 October 2011.After serving a one match suspension, he returned to the starting line–up, in a 1–0 loss against FC Lorient on 27 November 2012. After 12 matches without a goal, <mask> scored a brace in a 2–0 win over Valenciennes on 17 December 2011. In the quarter-finals of the Coupe de France against Dijon on 11 January 2012, he scored the club's first goal of the game and it led to penalty shootout following a 3–3 draw, resulting OGC Nice 5–3 in the shootout to advance to the next round. <mask> then scored again in the semi-finals in a 2–1 loss against Marseille, eliminating the club from the cup competition. On 25 February 2012, he scored in a 1–0 win over Caen. It was not until on 31 March 2012 when <mask> scored a brace again of the season in a 3–2 win over Saint-Étienne. This was followed up by scoring in a 2–0 win over FC Lorient.However, during the match against Lorient, he suffered a pain on his left quadriceps that saw him sidelined for the rest of the 2011–12 season. Shortly after, Mounier was named Aiglon of the Month following his performance throughout March. Throughout the 2011– 12 season, Mounier continued to regain his first team place for the side, playing in the left–wing position. At the end of the 2011–12 season, he made thirty–five appearances and scoring eleven times in all competitions. Montpellier

On 29 June 2012, Mounier joined Montpellier for a reported €3.25 million and signed four-year contract. However, his Montpellier's debut was delayed after suffering a thigh injury that kept him out for the first two league matches of the 2012–13 season. But it was not until on 26 August 2012 when he made his Montpellier's debut, coming on as a 72nd-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Marseille.<mask> made his first start in a follow–up match against Sochaux, in a 3–1 win. However, <mask> suffered an injury that kept him out for two matches. It was not until 20 October 2012 when he returned to the first team, coming on as Montpellier lost 2–1 against Stade Rennais. Since returning to the first team, <mask> alternated between a starting and a substitute role throughout the 2012–13 season. It was not until 15 December 2012 when he scored his first Montpellier goal, in a 4–0 win against SC Bastia. This was followed up by setting up two goals against Lille and Lorient. His second goal of the season came on 27 April 2013, in a 2–1 loss against AC Ajaccio.Despite missing two more matches later in the 2012–13 season, Mounier made thirty–six appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Mounier alternated between a starting and a substitute role in the first four league matches of the season before missing one match, due to suspension. It was not until 21 September 2013 when he made his return to the starting line–up from suspension, in a 2–2 draw against Évian. Two weeks later on 6 October 2013 against his former club, Lyon, Mounier scored his first goal of the season, in a 5–1 win. However, he suffered a thigh injury while training and missed two matches as a result. It was not until 3 November 2013 when <mask> returned to the first team, coming on as an 83rd-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against FC Nantes. Since returning to the first team from injury, he continued to spend the next five months, alternating between a starting and a substitute role.Along the way, <mask> scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Sochaux on 18 January 2014. This was followed up by setting up three goals in the next three matches between 25 January 2014 and 8 February 2014. Two weeks later on 22 February 2014, he scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Ajaccio. This last until late–April when Mounier suffered a thigh injury that kept him out for two matches. But he did return from injury, coming on as a 74th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 loss against SC Bastia on 10 May 2014. At the start of the 2014–15 season, <mask> started the season well when he scored his first goal of the season, as well as, setting up the club's second goal of the game, in a 2–0 win against Marseille on 17 August 2014. His performance throughout August earned him Montpellier's Player of the Month.Since the start of the 2014–15 season, Mounier continued to be a first team regular

masks:
Anthony Mounier
Mounier
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title: Anthony Mounier

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 for the side, playing in the left midfield position. He then scored four more goals by the end of the year. His performance throughout December earned him the club's Player of the Month. Mounier then set up two consecutive goals in two matches between 9 January 2015 and 17 January 2015 against Marseille and FC Metz before scoring his fifth goal of the season, in a 4–0 win against Nantes. He then scored three more times later in the 2014–15 season, including scoring two consecutive goals in two matches against RC Lens and Paris Saint-Germain. Despite missing two matches during the 2014–15 season, he made thirty–eight appearances and scoring nine times in all competitions. Following this, Mounier finished second behind Vitorino Hilton for the club's Player of the Year.Ahead of the 2015–16 season, Montpellier HSC wanted to keep Mounier by opening him a new contract with the club. It came after when he was linked a move away from Montpellier HSC. Mounier made three appearances for Montpellier HSC before leaving the club. Bologna

On 29 August 2015, Italian club Bologna signed the Frenchman from Montpellier on a three-year deal reported to be worth around €1.5 million. Upon joining the club, he was given the number 26 shirt. Mounier made his Bologna debut, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 loss against Sampdoria on 14 September 2015. In a follow–up match against Frosinone Calcio, he scored his first goal for the club, in a 1–0 win.Mounier then scored two consecutive goals in two matches between 27 September 2015 and 4 October 2015 against Udinese and Juventus respectively. Since making his debut for Bologna, he quickly became a first team regular for the side, playing in the wing position either from left or right. Mounier spoke about his performance, saying: "I have never had such a strong start to the championship by scoring so many goals, of course I'm happy and I want to continue working to continue at this pace. I am sure that in the rest of the championship we will become more dangerous because we are working hard to grow." He then played a role by setting two goals, which were winning goals; the first one came against Genoa on 12 December 2015 and the second one came against A.C. Milan on 6 January 2016. After serving a one match suspension, Mounier returned to the starting line–up, in a 2–2 draw against Lazio on 17 January 2016. Two weeks later on 31 January 2016, he scored his fourth goal of the season, in a 3–2 win against Sampdoria.Following this, Mounier then featured between the starting and substitute role for the rest of the 2015–16 season. He also faced the sidelined along the way. At the end of the season, Mounier made thirty–three appearances and scoring four times in all competitions. At the start of the 2016–17 season, Mounier was linked a return move to France, with FC Lorient interested in signing him but the move was cancelled and he stayed at Bologna. However, Mounier found himself behind the pecking order in the midfield position and was placed on the substitute bench. It was not until 26 October 2016 when he made his first appearances of the season, making his first start and played 45 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–1 draw against Chievo. Mounier then scored his first goals of the season, in a 4–0 win against Hellas Verona in the fourth round of the Coppa Italia.Amid the transfer speculation in the January transfer window, he continued to receive playing time, alternating between a starting and substitute role. By the time Mounier was loaned out, he made eight appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. Loan Spells from Bologna
On 27 January 2017, French club AS Saint-Étienne signed Mounier on loan for the remainder of the season. However, he left the club after only four days when fans expressed their displeasure at his signing, due to controversial comments he had made towards Saint-Étienne in 2012. These comments were made after he scored against the team with his former club, Nice. Following this, Mounier returned to Italy was sent on loan to Atalanta for the rest of the 2016–17 season. Upon joining the club, he was given a number 87 shirt.<mask> made his Atalanta debut, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–0 win against Cagliari on 5 February 2017. However, the Frenchman managed just five substitute appearances without a goal or an assist and returned to his parent club. Panathinaikos
After being told by Bologna that Mounier can leave the club, it was announced on 31 August 2017 that Panathinaikos have confirmed they signed Mounier on a three-year contract. <mask> made his Panathinaikos debut, starting a match and played 61 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–0 loss against PAE Kerkyra on 10 September 2017. On 24 October 2017, he scored his first goal with the club in a 2–1 away Greek Cup game against Anagennisi Karditsa. However, on 25 November 2017, Mounier suffered a strain injury during Superleague's away clash against Atromitos and was out of action for one month. It was not until 21 December 2017 when he returned to the first team, coming on as a 69th-minute substitute, in a 4–1 loss against Lamia in the last sixteen first leg of the Greek Cup.In a return leg at home Greek Cup of against Lamia, <mask> scored the only goal of the game, as Panathinaikos were eliminated following a 4–2 on aggregate. However, he suffered a bicep fracture in the 29th minute during a match against Levadiakos on 13 January 2018 and was substituted as a result. After the match, it was announced that Mounier was sidelined for a month. It was not until 19 February 2018 when he returned from injury, coming on as a late substitute, in a 1–0 win against Athlitiki Enosi Larissa. This was followed up by scoring for the club in a 2–0 home win against Lamia. It was his first goal with the club in Superleague. On 4 March 2018, Mounier scored from a penalty in Panathinaikos 1–1 away draw against rivals Olympiakos.The game was played in an empty stadium for the first time in the Superleague's history. On 15 April 2018, <mask> scored from a penalty in Panathinaikos 1–0 home win against Atromitos. Despite his playing time mostly came from the substitute bench, he made twenty–three appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2018–19 season, Mounier responded to a transfer claims, stating his desire to stay at Panathinaikos. He then appeared in the first two league matches of the season before suffering a knee injury that kept him out for two to three weeks. It was not until on 29 October 2018 when <mask> returned from injury, coming on as a 77th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 loss against PAOK. However, on 11 November 2018, Mounier suffered an injury during the away 1–1 game against Olympiakos.It was not until on 10 January 2019 when he returned to the first team from injury, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Lamia in the last sixteen first leg of the Greek Cup. Despite suffering another injury later in the 2018–19 season, <mask>'s playing time continued to be from the substitute bench. Eventually, he went on to make twelve appearances in all competitions. Throughout the rest of 2019, Mounier continued to be sidelined from the first team, as he failed to leave Panathinaikos over the summer. It was announced on 19 December 2019 that Mounier mutually solved his contract with the club. Panathinaikos previously attempted to do earlier this year. Panetolikos
On 19 December 2019, Panetolikos have confirmed they signed Mounier on a year-and-a-half contract for an undisclosed fee.<mask> made his Panetolikos debut on 26 January 2020, coming on as a 62nd-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Aris Thessaloniki. On 10 February 2020, he scored his first goal for the club in a dramatic 1–1 home draw against Volos. Mounier was featured in six matches since making his debut and by the time the season was suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic, he had made six league appearances and scoring once for the side. On 15 June 2020, Mounier was the MVP of an emphatic 3–0 home win against AEL for the opening game of the 2019–20 Superleague playoffs, which brought his team above the relegation zone. On 6 July 2020, he scored in a 2–2 away draw against Atromitos. Mounier remained an integral part of the team once the season resumed behind closed doors, and helped the Panetolikos avoid relegation. At the end of the 2019–20 season, he went on to make fourteen appearances and scoring four times in all competitions.Apollon Smyrnis
On 30 September 2020, he signed a contract with Apollon Smyrnis on a free transfer. Kallithea
On 17 September 2021, he signed a year contract with Kallithea F.C. on a free transfer. International career
Having previously represented France's levels, <mask> was called up to the France U20 squad for the Toulon Tournament. He then made two appearances for the U20 side, as they were eliminated in the Group Stage. <mask> was called up to the France U21 squad for the first time. He made his France U21 debut, starting a match and played 68 minutes before being substituted, in a 5–0 win against Malta U21 on 5 September 2008.Mounier went on to make four appearances for the U21 side. Career statistics

Club

Personal life
When Mounier was four years old, his father passed away. He stated that his father was a factor for football in his life and played football himself but never turned professional. <mask> has a younger brother, who's also a footballer. During his time at Olympique Lyonnais, he earned a nickname: "Moun". Mounier is married to his wife, Anne-Sophie and is a father to two children. In July 2006, Mounier was one of five players to receive their baccalaureate.References

External links

1987 births
Living people
People from Aubenas
Association football wingers
French footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France youth international footballers
French expatriate footballers
Olympique Lyonnais players
OGC Nice players
Montpellier HSC players
AS Saint-Étienne players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
Atalanta B.C. players
Panathinaikos F.C. players
Apollon Smyrnis F.C. players
Ligue 1 players
Serie A players
Super League Greece players
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Sportspeople from

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title: Billy Wright (footballer, born 1924)

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<mask> CBE (6 February 1924 – 3 September 1994), was an English footballer who played as a centre half. He spent his entire club career at Wolverhampton Wanderers. The first footballer in the world to earn 100 international caps, <mask> also holds the record for longest unbroken run in competitive international football. He also made a total of 105 appearances for England, captaining them a record 90 times, including during their campaigns at the 1950, 1954 and 1958 World Cup finals. Club career
<mask> was born at 33 Belmont Road, Ironbridge, Shropshire, his father Thomas a worker at the Coalbrookdale Company ironworks. He was educated successively at Madeley Wood Methodist School and Madeley Modern School, playing outstandingly in the teams of both schools. After playing during March-April that year for Cradley Heath in a dual player-groundsman role, his association with Wolves began in 1938 when, after being encouraged by his school teacher to respond to a newspaper advertisement inviting boys for trials, he was taken on as a member of their ground staff.He was only 14 years old when he made his debut for Wolves in a B team game against Walsall Wood in the Walsall Minor League. He had been accepted on an eight-month trial by Major Frank Buckley, who initially told <mask> he was "too small" but later changed his mind. He played his first match with the senior side in November 1939 in a friendly, in which a Wolves XI beat a Notts County XI 2-1 (League and Cup football had been suspended two months earlier due to the outbreak of World War II.) His official debut came in the 1945–46 FA Cup in a two legged tie against Lovells Athletic. <mask> turned out as a guest for Leicester City, playing as both a forward and a defender before he returned to Molineux in 1942. A bad ankle break put his sporting career in doubt but he recovered, joined the army in 1943 as a physical training instructor, and played for Wolves whenever possible, making over 100 appearances in wartime football. He became club captain soon after the end of the conflict, with the playing retirement of Stan Cullis.With <mask> leading the team, they won the First Division title three times (1953–54, 1957–58 and 1958–59) as well as the FA Cup in 1949. He was a virtual ever-present, missing only 31 games for Wolves during the 1950s. He retired from playing in 1959, a year before Wolves won another FA Cup. He made a total of 541 appearances both at and away from Molineux for Wolves. International career

His performances for club saw him earn a call-up to the England team. His full debut came on 28 September 1946 in a thumping 7–2 win against Ireland. He was made captain in 1948, a role he held for 90 games until his retirement (an all-time record shared subsequently with Bobby Moore).In 1952, with his 42nd cap, he surpassed Bob Crompton's appearance record for England, which had stood since 1914. In total, he made  70 consecutive full international appearances with 105 in all, scoring three times. He was also the first football player in the world to earn 100 caps, and it was more than a decade before his record was broken by another player, Bobby Charlton. As of present, <mask> remains the ninth most capped player ever to have played for England being in possession of more caps than players such as Bryan Robson, Kenny Sansom, Ray Wilkins, Kevin Keegan and Alan Shearer. He retired as a player in August 1959. Managerial career
He became manager of England's youth team in 1960, before being appointed manager of Arsenal in 1962, replacing George Swindin. Initially Arsenal started strongly under <mask>, finishing seventh in 1962–63 and qualifying for Europe for the first time in their history, but failed to build on this.<mask> enjoyed mixed success with his signings, who included successes such as Bob Wilson, Joe Baker and Frank McLintock, but also less successful players such as Ian Ure. Arsenal were unable to improve on their seventh in <mask>'s first season in charge, and their form gradually declined. <mask> won only 38.46% of his matches in charge, the lowest rate for any post-war Arsenal manager (caretaker managers excepted). After a poor 1965–66 season – where Arsenal finished 14th and were knocked out of the FA Cup by Blackburn Rovers (who finished bottom of the First Division) — <mask> was dismissed by the Arsenal board in the summer of 1966. Football writer Brian Glanville, discussing <mask>'s time at Arsenal, wrote: "he had neither the guile nor the authority to make things work and he reacted almost childishly to criticism". Life after football

<mask> was a minor media personality, and his marriage to Joy Beverley of the Beverley Sisters occurred at a time long before the era of footballers being known for having celebrity girlfriends. This was in July 1958, by which time <mask> was 34, and proved one of the most successful showbiz marriages.After leaving Arsenal, <mask> successfully overcame alcholism and he later became a tv pundit and Head of Sport for ATV and Central Television, before retiring in 1989. The following year, he joined the board of directors at Wolverhampton Wanderers as part of the takeover by Sir Jack Hayward. On 7 August 1993, he presented Manchester United with the FA Charity Shield, which they won on penalties against Arsenal at Wembley Stadium. On 7 December that year he was present for the friendly game against Honved of Hungary which commemorated the re-opening of Molineux as a rebuilt 28,525-seat stadium. The redevelopment saw three new stands built at the stadium in the space of two years, with the one replacing the Waterloo Road Stand being designated the <mask> Stand. <mask> was the subject of This Is Your Life on two occasions: in May 1961 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the EMI Studios in London’s St John’s Wood, and in January 1990, when Michael Aspel surprised him at Thames Television's Teddington Studios. <mask> went on to be appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 13 June 1959.Illness and death
He died from pancreatic cancer on 3 September 1994, aged 70, having been diagnosed with the illness earlier in the year. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered on the pitch at Molineux. Legacy
In 2009, English football agent Bryan Yeubrey began a public campaign to obtain a posthumous knighthood for <mask>. The campaign received support from several thousand fans and many former professional players. In 2008, Midland Metro named an AnsaldoBreda T-69 tram in his honour. Honours

As a player
Wolverhampton Wanderers
First Division: 1953–54, 1957–58, 1958–59
FA Cup: 1948–49
FA Charity Shield: 1949, 1954

Individual
FWA Footballer of the Year: 1952
Ballon d'Or Silver Award: 1957
Commander of the Order of the British Empire: 1959
International Football Hall of Fame: 1997
Football League 100 Legends: 1998
Member of English Football Hall of Fame: 2002
Wolverhampton Wanderers FC Hall of Fame: 2009

Further reading
Giller, Norman (2003) <mask>: A Hero for All Seasons,

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links
Official Wolves site profile

English footballers
England international footballers
England wartime international footballers
English football managers
Arsenal F.C. managers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.players
1950 FIFA World Cup players
1954 FIFA World Cup players
1958 FIFA World Cup players
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
People from Ironbridge
Sportspeople from Shropshire
1924 births
1994 deaths
FIFA Century Club
English Football League players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. directors and chairmen
English Football Hall of Fame inductees
Deaths from cancer in England
English Football League representative players
Association football defenders
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Army Physical Training Corps soldiers
FA Cup Final players

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title: Mario Santos

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<mask>, (born 19 July 1952 in Portugal) is a lawyer and a former public official in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. He was a prominent member of the Winnipeg School Board from 1982 to 2002, and has sought election to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba on two occasions. Early life and career

<mask> was born in Portugal and moved to Canada in 1968. He has worked as a civil and criminal lawyer, and operated a tax consulting business during his time as a school trustee. <mask> is a Roman Catholic, and has served as chairman of the pastoral council at Immaculate Conception Church in Winnipeg. He describes himself as a staunch supporter of public education. Trustee

<mask> was first elected to the Winnipeg School Board's second ward in a by-election following the death of Inez Stevenson.He was returned in the 1983 municipal election, and again in 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995 and 1998. He did not seek re-election in 2002. Early years

Mário <mask> helped in the foundation of the Manitoba Association for the Preservation of Ancestral Languages in 1983, to advocate for the teaching of languages other than English and French. He served as school board chairman during his first full term, and defended a controversial pay increase for trustees (which followed a review by Manitoba Appeal Court Judge Charles Huband). He later supported the removal of mandatory prayer from schools. Finance chair

Mário <mask> chaired the Winnipeg School Board's finance committee for most of the 1990s, and conducted several rounds of funding negotiations with the provincial government. He became known as a champion of divisional autonomy from provincial control, and often criticized the Gary Filmon government's approach to education.He oversaw significant spending cuts to the school division's employee budget in 1995, during a period of general economic restructuring in Canada. Mário <mask> said that he took no pleasure in the decision, but added that it was necessary to protect classroom programs. He described teacher demands for wage and benefit increases in this period as unreasonable. Mário <mask> was appointed as the school division's vice-chairman following the 1995 election, while also retaining his position as Finance Chairman. He presided over a further round of spending cuts in 1997, again reluctantly, in an attempt to minimize tax increases. Division chair and after

Mário <mask> was selected for a one-year term as division chairman in late 1997. In this capacity, he helped negotiate long-standing salary and human rights disputes with Winnipeg teachers.He also criticized the province's increasing reliance on standardized tests, arguing that they were inappropriate for measuring the needs of at-risk students. He stood down as chairman after the 1998 election, and was reappointed as finance chairman later in the term. In 2002, he announced that the Winnipeg School Division would freeze school property taxes for the first time in recent memory. He announced his retirement in 2002, after serving for twenty years. Social issues

In 1994, Mário <mask> voted against a motion to study the integration of anti-homophobia tolerance lessons into Winnipeg classrooms. He argued that his position was not premised in homophobic beliefs, and said that he had previously lobbied to have sexual orientation included as a protected category in the Manitoba Human Rights Code. His position was that anti-discrimination should be taught generally, and not targeted to specific groups.He later spoke out against the creation of an anti-homophobia education committee, when the subject was revisited in 1999. On this occasion, Mário <mask> argued that his objections were with the ad hoc nature of the committee and not with the larger rights issue. He later indicated that anti-homophobia measures would be addressed through the division's policy-program committee, which he himself chaired. The end result was another program that was focused on general anti-discrimination, rather than what Mário <mask> described as "the blessing of a lifestyle". He nevertheless gave his cautious support to the introduction of anti-homophobia literature in 2001. Mário <mask> defended his division's affirmative action policies in 1997, saying that they were achieving real success in hiring women to administrative positions. Mário <mask> was an opponent of video monitoring in schools throughout his career, arguing it would give schools the appearance of prisons.He also opposed student locker searches in 2000. Other

In 1999, Mário <mask> proposed a motion to have professional wrestlers deliver anti-drug and stay-in-school messages to children in the Winnipeg School Division. He also objected to a Winnipeg School Board's recommendation that after-school wrestling programs be moved to a different time slot. Mário <mask> indicated that he was not a fan of sports entertainment, but found any government censorship of this sort to be dangerous. Lawyer

In 2000, Mário <mask> represented an employee at the Winnipeg firm Standard Aero Ltd. who, along with several other workers, was asked to renounce his dual citizenship and take an oath of allegiance to Canada in order to improve the firm's odds of winning a lucrative contract with another country's government. The employee indicated that he was concerned about losing his job if he refused to comply. <mask> strongly criticized the company's request, describing it as discrimination based on nationality.After intense public criticism, the company indicated that employees would not be fired in they retained dual citizenship. Provincial and federal politics

<mask> entered politics a member of the Manitoba Liberal Party, and ran under its banner in the north-end Winnipeg division of The Maples in the 1977 provincial election. He left after Charles Huband resigned as leader, saying the party was moving too far to the right. In a 1996 interview, <mask> indicated that he probably would have remained a Liberal if Sharon Carstairs had directly succeeded Huband. He described himself as a "Trudeau Liberal" in the same interview, and indicated that he was dissatisfied with the direction of the federal party under Jean Chrétien. <mask> joined the New Democratic Party after leaving the Liberals, although his relationship with the party was sometimes difficult. He declined the party's official endorsement in 1995, and chose to run for re-election as an independent.After the election, he indicated that he would not caucus with an NDP group of trustees. He was again re-elected as an independent candidate in 1998. <mask> criticized the education reforms introduced by Gary Doer's New Democratic Party government in 2000, arguing that they gave too much bargaining power to teachers. He also called for the abolition of rent controls in early 2001, an idea that was quickly rejected by the Doer government. When he retired from the school board in 2002, he acknowledged that he was sometimes regarded as too conservative for his party. <mask> nonetheless remained a member of the New Democratic Party in good standing, and won the party's nomination for the Inkster division in the 2003 provincial election. He was defeated by Liberal candidate Kevin Lamoureux.He later sought the NDP nomination for Minto in a 2004 by-election, but lost to Andrew Swan. Since 2004

Mário <mask> was appointed to a two-year term on a committee overseeing the Winnipeg School Division Children's Heritage Fund in 2004. The following year, he was appointed to a new provincial agency called Legal Aid Manitoba. <mask> was for a time the Executive Director of Legal Aid Manitoba. He now practices law in Thompson, Manitoba. Footnotes

Living people
Manitoba school board members
Politicians from Winnipeg
Portuguese emigrants to Canada
1952 births

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title: Earl Hines

texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask>Fatha<mask> (December 28, 1903 – April 22, 1983), was an American jazz pianist and bandleader. He was one of the most influential figures in the development of jazz piano and, according to one source, "one of a small number of pianists whose playing shaped the history of jazz". The trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie (a member of <mask>'s big band, along with Charlie Parker) wrote, "The piano is the basis of modern harmony. This little guy came out of Chicago, <mask>. He changed the style of the piano. You can find the roots of Bud Powell, Herbie Hancock, all the guys who came after that. If it hadn't been for <mask> blazing the path for the next generation to come, it's no telling where or how they would be playing now.There were individual variations but the style of ... the modern piano came from <mask>." The pianist Lennie Tristano said, "<mask> is the only one of us capable of creating real jazz and real swing when playing all alone." Horace Silver said, "He has a completely unique style. No one can get that sound, no other pianist". Erroll Garner said, "When you talk about greatness, you talk about Art Tatum and <mask>". Count Basie said that <mask> was "the greatest piano player in the world". Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Duquesne, Pennsylvania, 12 miles from the center of Pittsburgh, in 1903.His father, <mask>, played cornet and was the leader of the Eureka Brass Band in Pittsburgh, and his stepmother was a church organist. <mask> intended to follow his father on cornet, but "blowing" hurt him behind the ears, whereas the piano did not. The young <mask> took lessons in playing classical piano. By the age of eleven he was playing the organ in his Baptist church. He had a "good ear and a good memory" and could replay songs after hearing them in theaters and park concerts: "I'd be playing songs from these shows months before the song copies came out. That astonished a lot of people and they'd ask where I heard these numbers and I'd tell them at the theatre where my parents had taken me." Later, <mask> said that he was playing piano around Pittsburgh "before the word 'jazz' was even invented".Early career
With his father's approval, <mask> left home at the age of 17 to take a job playing piano with Lois Deppe and His Symphonian Serenaders in the Liederhaus, a Pittsburgh nightclub. He got his board, two meals a day, and $15 a week. Deppe, a well-known baritone concert artist who sang both classical and popular songs, also used the young <mask> as his concert accompanist and took him on his concert trips to New York. In 1921 <mask> and Deppe became the first African Americans to perform on radio. <mask>'s first recordings were accompanying Deppe – four sides recorded for Gennett Records in 1923, still in the very early days of sound recording. Only two of these were issued, one of which was a Hines composition, "Congaine", "a keen snappy foxtrot", which also featured a solo by <mask>. He entered the studio again with Deppe a month later to record spirituals and popular songs, including "Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child" and "For the Last Time Call Me Sweetheart".He also accompanied Ethel Waters, describing his strategy as playing "under what the artist is doing" by listening "to the changes she made." In 1925, after much family debate, <mask> Roll Morton and King Oliver. <mask> started in Elite No. 2 Club but soon joined Carroll Dickerson's band, with whom he also toured on the Pantages Theatre Circuit to Los Angeles and back. <mask> met Louis Armstrong in the poolroom of the Black Musicians' Union, local 208, on State and 39th in Chicago. <mask> was 21, Armstrong 24. They played the union's piano together.Armstrong was astounded by <mask>'s avant-garde "trumpet-style" piano playing, often using dazzlingly fast octaves so that on none-too-perfect upright pianos (and with no amplification) "they could hear me out front". Richard Cook wrote in Jazz Encyclopedia that

Armstrong and <mask> became good friends and shared a car. Armstrong joined <mask> in Carroll Dickerson's band at the Sunset Cafe. In 1927, this became Armstrong's band under the musical direction of <mask>. Later that year, Armstrong revamped his Okeh Records recording-only band, Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five, and hired <mask> as the pianist, replacing his wife, Lil Hardin Armstrong, on the instrument. Armstrong and <mask> then recorded what are often regarded as some of the most important jazz records ever made. In the days of 78s, recording engineers were unable to play back a take without rendering the wax master unusable for commercial release, so the band did not hear the final version of "West End Blues" until it was issued by OKeh a few weeks later."<mask>, he was surprised when the record came out on the market, 'cause he brought it by my house, you know, we'd forgotten we'd recorded it", Armstrong recalled in 1956. But they liked what they heard. "When it first came out", <mask> said, "Louis and I stayed by that recording practically an hour and a half or two hours and we just knocked each other out because we had no idea it was gonna turn out as good as it did." The Sunset Cafe closed in 1927. <mask>, Armstrong and the drummer Zutty Singleton agreed that they would become the "Unholy Three" – they would "stick together and not play for anyone unless the three of us were hired". But as Louis Armstrong and His Stompers (with <mask> as musical director), they ran into difficulties trying to establish their own venue, the Warwick Hall Club, which they rented for a year with the management help of Lil Hardin Armstrong. <mask> went briefly to New York and returned to find that Armstrong and Singleton had rejoined the rival Dickerson band at the new Savoy Ballroom in his absence, leaving <mask> feeling "warm".When Armstrong and Singleton later asked him to join them with Dickerson at the Savoy Ballroom, <mask> said, "No, you guys left me in the rain and broke the little corporation we had". <mask> joined the clarinetist Jimmie Noone at the Apex, an after-hours speakeasy, playing from midnight to 6 a.m., seven nights a week. In 1928, he recorded 14 sides with Noone and again with Armstrong (for a total of 38 sides with Armstrong). His first piano solos were recorded late that year: eight for QRS Records in New York and then seven for Okeh Records in Chicago, all except two his own compositions. <mask> moved in with Kathryn Perry (with whom he had recorded "Sadie Green the Vamp of New Orleans"). <mask> said of her, "She'd been at The Sunset too, in a dance act. She was a very charming, pretty girl.She had a good voice and played the violin. I had been divorced and she became my common-law wife. We lived in a big apartment and her parents stayed with us". Perry recorded several times with <mask>, including "Body & Soul" in 1935. They stayed together until 1940, when <mask> "divorced" her to marry Ann Jones Reed, but that marriage was soon "indefinitely postponed". <mask> married singer 'Lady of Song' Janie Moses in 1947. They had two daughters, Janear (born 1950) and Tosca.Both daughters died before he did, Tosca in 1976 and Janear in 1981. Janie divorced him on June 14, 1979, and died in 2007. Chicago years
On December 28, 1928 (his 25th birthday and six weeks before the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre), the always-immaculate <mask> opened at Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe leading his own big band, the pinnacle of jazz ambition at the time. "All America was dancing", <mask> said, and for the next 12 years and through the worst of the Great Depression and Prohibition, <mask>'s band was the orchestra at the Grand Terrace. The Hines Orchestra – or "Organization", as <mask> preferred it – had up to 28 musicians and did three shows a night at the Grand Terrace, four shows every Saturday and sometimes Sundays. According to Stanley Dance, "<mask>nes and The Grand Terrace were to Chicago what Duke Ellington and The Cotton Club were to New York – but fierier." The Grand Terrace was controlled by the gangster Al Capone, so <mask> became Capone's "Mr Piano Man".The Grand Terrace upright piano was soon replaced by a white $3,000 Bechstein grand. Talking about those days <mask> later said:

From the Grand Terrace, <mask> and his band broadcast on "open mikes" over many years, sometimes seven nights a week, coast-to-coast across America – Chicago being well placed to deal with live broadcasting across time zones in the United States. The Hines band became the most broadcast band in America. Among the listeners were a young Nat King Cole and Jay McShann in Kansas City, who said his "real education came from <mask>. When 'Fatha' went off the air, I went to bed." <mask>'s most significant "student" was Art Tatum. The Hines band usually comprised 15-20 musicians on stage, occasionally up to 28.Among the band's many members were Wallace Bishop, Alvin Burroughs, Scoops Carry, Oliver Coleman, Bob Crowder, Thomas Crump, George Dixon, Julian Draper, Streamline Ewing, Ed Fant, Milton Fletcher, Walter Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie, Leroy Harris, Woogy Harris, Darnell Howard, Cecil Irwin, Harry 'Pee Wee' Jackson, Warren Jefferson, Budd Johnson, Jimmy Mundy, Ray Nance, Charlie Parker, Willie Randall, Omer Simeon, Cliff Smalls, Leon Washington, Freddie Webster, Quinn Wilson and Trummy Young. Occasionally, Hines allowed another pianist sit in for him, the better to allow him to conduct the whole "Organization". Jess Stacy was one, Nat "King" Cole and Teddy Wilson were others, but Cliff Smalls was his favorite. Each summer, Hines toured with his whole band for three months, including through the South – the first black big band to do so. He explained, "[when] we traveled by train through the South, they would send a porter back to our car to let us know when the dining room was cleared, and then we would all go in together. We couldn't eat when we wanted to. We had to eat when they were ready for us."In Duke Ellington's America, Harvey G Cohen writes:

The birth of bebop

In 1942, <mask> provided the saxophonist Charlie Parker with his big break, although Parker was subsequently fired soon after for his "time-keeping" – by which <mask> meant his inability to show up on time – despite Parker resorting to sleeping under the band stage in his attempts to be punctual. Dizzie Gillespie joined the same year. The Grand Terrace Cafe had closed suddenly in December 1940; its manager, the cigar-puffing Ed Fox, disappeared. The 37-year-old <mask>, always famously good to work for, took his band on the road full-time for the next eight years, resisting renewed offers from Benny Goodman to join his band as piano player. Several members of <mask>'s band were drafted into the armed forces in World War II – a major problem. Six were drafted in 1943 alone. As a result, on August 19, 1943, <mask> had to cancel the rest of his Southern tour.He went to New York and hired a "draft-proof" 12-piece all-woman group, which lasted two months. Next, <mask> expanded it into a 28-piece band (17 men, 11 women), including strings and French horn. Despite these wartime difficulties, <mask> took his bands on tour from coast to coast but was still able to take time out from his own band to front the Duke Ellington Orchestra in 1944 when Ellington fell ill. It was during this time (and especially during the recording ban during the 1942–44 musicians' strike ) that late-night jam sessions with members of <mask>'s band's sowed the seeds for the emerging new style in jazz, bebop. Ellington later said that "the seeds of bop were in <mask>'s piano style". Charlie Parker's biographer Ross Russell wrote:

As early as 1940, saxophone player and arranger Budd Johnson had "re-written the book" for the Hines' band in a more modern style. Johnson and Billy Eckstine, Hines vocalist between 1939 and 1943, have been credited with helping to bring modern players into the Hines band in the transition between swing and bebop.Apart from Parker and Gillespie, other Hines 'modernists' included Gene Ammons, Gail Brockman, Scoops Carry, Goon Gardner, Wardell Gray, Bennie Green, Benny Harris, Harry 'Pee-Wee' Jackson, Shorty McConnell, Cliff Smalls, Shadow Wilson and Sarah Vaughan, who replaced Eckstine as the band singer in 1943 and stayed for a year. Dizzy Gillespie said of the music the band evolved:

The links to bebop remained close. Parker's discographer, among others, has argued that "Yardbird Suite", which Parker recorded with Miles Davis in March 1946, was in fact based on Hines' "Rosetta", which nightly served as the Hines band theme-tune. Dizzy Gillespie described the Hines band, saying, "We had a beautiful, beautiful band with <mask>. He's a master and you learn a lot from him, self-discipline and organization." In July 1946, Hines suffered serious head injuries in a car crash near Houston which, despite an operation, affected his eyesight for the rest of his life. Back on the road again four months later, he continued to lead his big band for two more years.In 1947, <mask> bought the biggest nightclub in Chicago, The El Grotto, but it soon foundered with <mask> losing $30,000 ($ today). The big-band era was over –  <mask>' bands had been at the top for 20 years. Rediscovery

In early 1948, <mask> joined up again with Armstrong in the "Louis Armstrong and His All-Stars" "small-band". It was not without its strains for <mask>. A year later, Armstrong became the first jazz musician to appear on the cover of Time magazine (on February 21, 1949). Armstrong was by then on his way to becoming an American icon, leaving <mask> to feel he was being used only as a sideman in comparison to his old friend. Armstrong said of the difficulties, mainly over billing, "Hines and his ego, ego, ego ...", but after three years and to Armstrong's annoyance, <mask> left the All Stars in 1951.Next, back as leader again, <mask> took his own small

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