title: Krishna Shah

texts:
 history lesson" that was "lovingly assembled by <mask>".Amma
<mask> was originally the director of the Hindi movie Amma. <mask> was dismissed by producer Jiten partway into production, over undisclosed differences. <mask>'s name remains unassociated with the film. Hard Rock Zombies
In 1985, <mask> tried his hand at writing, producing, and directing for the comedy-horror genre with his movie Hard Rock Zombies. The film failed financially and was universally panned by critics, with Philip Brophy saying it "(has) the most ludicrous dialogue you'll ever hear short of an Ed Wood Jr. movie," and Evan Wade of Something Awful observing that "the only way this movie could be shittier is if it was a slideshow of Photoshop images featuring Ackbar battling Chuck Norris over a volcano full of robot dinosaurs. Also, it takes itself very seriously." Adding insult to injury, <mask>'s on-screen "Written by" credit is misspelt.American Drive-In
<mask>'s self-created parallel to George Lucas (whom <mask> never knew) would again come to the foreground in his 1985 American Drive-In. The film, a critical and box office washout, was <mask>'s final movie as director. Veteran critic Leonard Klady of The Los Angeles Times offered that American Drive-In "(is) the destitute man's American Graffiti." He continued by saying, "(the film) is such a desperate stab at entertainment that if one were stranded on a desert island surrounded by sharks with only this movie to watch, you'd opt for water skiing." A review on Letterboxd had similar perspectives, noting that American Drive-In "(is) a rip-off, clearly trying to be American Graffiti," and later calling the film "the must avoid movie of 1985." Distribution and production
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> had a small string of ongoing boutique distribution and agenting companies, starting with his "Movie Reps" shingle that was based in a luxury high-rise residential condominium on Hollywood Boulevard and La Brea. Movie Reps would regularly attend most and sometimes all of the film markets such as MIFED, MIPCOM, AFM, and Cannes, carrying with it a slate of generally low-budget "schlock" fare, sold to various effect.Movie Reps
In the late 1980s, <mask> established Movie Reps, a company acting as middleman between film distributors and producers. <mask> said to Variety in a January 1991 interview, "Producers need me because I can get their films distributed. Distributors need me because I can make sure they are buying all the rights that they think they are." (Variety incorrectly reported the name of <mask>'s company in the article, calling it Media Reps. A correction was not issued.) <mask> and his Movie Reps would become involved with hundreds of international independent producers, distributors, financiers, and associated personnel, generally in the micro to low-budget arena. People such as Nagesh Kukunoor, Bud Cort, Ron Marchini, David Carradine (then on the downside of his career), and even Timothy Leary were regularly in and out the door of the Movie Reps offices. At one point, Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley---both largely unknown at the time---made an appointment with <mask>, to consider buying his condo unit.After they came by to have a look, nothing ever became of it. In 1995, <mask> claimed to have generated US$2-million for Movie Reps from a deal he made to distribute a previously unknown Jim Carrey TV movie, Introducing Janet. The movie was later retitled as Rubberface. In the twilight era of <mask>'s Movie Reps company, he would find himself involved with Pakistani filmmaker Aslam Ansari Mohammad who claimed to have been attacked by an assassin on a Los Angeles freeway due to his public meetings with <mask> and writer Michel Potts, regarding a screenplay about a CIA killing. Double Helix Films
<mask> began his work with Double Helix Films while he was still running Movie Reps. As such, he commissioned professionally crafted multi-page "newsletters" for each and every major market attended by the company. These newsletters were used as a sales and publicity tool, and they contained outlandish, grandiose stories (some of them fictitious) regarding various clients and projects. In the centerfold, <mask> placed an extensive list of the Double Helix library offerings, with micro-descriptions of the entire collection.These descriptions were so over-the-top and ridiculous that they became widely known in markets such as Cannes, where various market attendees would be seen on the Croisette, reading the centerfold and laughing about it. In 1991 <mask> bought the Double Helix Films library from Odyssey Entertainment, signing a US$3.6-million IOU note via brother-in-law N. Norman Muller, at the time CEO of Odyssey. <mask> became President of Double Helix Films, and would default on the arranged IOU in 1993. His Double Helix library was sold to ATC II, Inc. Double Helix was involved in numerous lawsuits, including <mask>'s personal suit against Muller, and vice versa. Carnegie Film Group
For a time, <mask> was President of yet another distribution outfit, the Carnegie Film Group, which was created from the ashes of Double Helix Films. <mask> would find his company embroiled in various lawsuits.Carnegie closed its doors in 1995. Unrealized projects
Several of <mask>'s high-profile "dream movies" were never realized. While numerous stories of these films circulated for decades in the established international media, not a single project came to fruition. Baiju - The Gypsy
In 2010, <mask> announced his remake of Baiju Bawra, with A.R. Rahman already aboard to do music. The film, later retitled Baiju - The Gypsy, was shelved. <mask> then attempted to publicly auction his script to the highest bidder.Taj
In August 2000 a Screen Daily piece mentioned that <mask> was in the talent scouting phase for his Taj Mahal, a film expected to enter production in 2001. Eight years later, the project was announced as a US$25-million epic historical romance, now renamed Taj. <mask> reportedly sold the script to "Hollywood" for Rs 2 Crore (approximately US$345,000 in 2019, when accounting inflation) and said there were "feelers" from Ridley Scott, Michael Rymer, Silvio Sardi, and Ramoji Rao. <mask> commented that his script was being compared to the works of Shakespeare by professionals in the Hollywood film industry. Later, it was reported that Michael Radford was attached to direct. Still, nothing became of Taj and it never appeared in the news again. Slate announcement
<mask> started a Mumbai-based production company in 2003, calling it Movie Moghuls.He announced a slate of three films, each of them in some state of preproduction, but nothing ever became of them. Mother: The Indira Gandhi Story (aka Birth of a Nation)
In 2009, <mask> announced Tom Hanks and Tommy Lee Jones as "being lined up" for the roles of Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon in <mask>'s upcoming cinematic account of Indira Gandhi's life story, his self-written Birth of a Nation. <mask> also announced that, "the 'Queen of Bollywood,' Madhuri Dixit, has been picked to play the title role." Also mentioned as pending cast were Emily Watson and Albert Finney. Later, Helen Mirren was said to be "in talks" for the film but when interviewed on the matter Mirren said, "No, no. I'm not interested in biopics or anything of the sort." On 21 November 2009, a story was released that confirmed Madhuri Dixit had indeed been enticed to "sign on the dotted line" for the role of Indira Gandhi.Dixit immediately issued a counter-statement explaining that all reports of her playing the title character were premature, as she had not yet agreed to the role. In January 2010 the Birth of a Nation budget had inflated to US$65-million, and the project was labeled "propaganda" by some in the Sikh community. During the Cannes Film Festival of May 2010, Telegraph India journalist Amit Roy was told by <mask> that Birth of a Nation was set to be made in two parts, "...like Lord of the Rings." <mask> said he'd written 18 drafts of the script to date. <mask> also pointed out that his earlier plan to cast actress Madhuri Dixit in the lead had been "ditched," and he had instead gotten three other actresses secretly lined up. In August 2010 <mask> told Dubai's Gulf News that his Birth of a Nation script "...(had) been re-worked after I got my hands on Richard Nixon's personal tapes related to the 1971 Bangladesh War." <mask> also indicated that high-profile Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra was now his preferred casting choice for the Indira Gandhi role, based on his conversations with Academy Award-winning makeup artist Jenny Shircore.In the first week of October 2010 <mask> made a sudden turnaround, revealing to India TV News that Hindi actress Kareena Kapoor would take the Indira Gandhi role. This change was reported as due to makeup artists Jenny Shircore (and additionally Greg Cannom) deciding that Kapoor would be better suited than Chopra, for Indira Gandhi's physical transformations throughout the film. The article states, "While Shircore, who won the Academy (Award) for her work in Elizabeth, had felt that Priyanka is the only actress, Connam, who has worked on The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, has now started to think that Kareena is more perfect." According to <mask>, the various Gandhi makeup effects would require much of Kapoor; for example, an hour to apply for Indira at age 20, two hours at age 50, and three hours at age 67. Less than a month later <mask> would comment about his casting process with a confusing statement: "As it stands today, only two actors in Bollywood are on the scanner (for the role of Indira): One is Kareena Kapoor and the other is Priyanka Chopra." In December 2010 <mask> gave another interview regarding his Indira movie, with the headline "My Film Will Be Out in 2012". In March 2012 <mask> was again asked if Madhuri Dixit would be carrying the lead in Birth of a Nation.His answer was an emphatic no. "It will be essayed," he said, "by either a newcomer or a Bollywood star, somebody who can capture the spirit and stature of Indira Gandhi". In April 2012 The Times of India carried a Q&A with <mask> and director Bruce Beresford titled "A 2014 Oscar for Indira?". Beresford confirms his attachment to the project as director while <mask> brushes off any idea of problems with the Gandhi family, saying, "This story is in the public domain and as an artiste, I have the right to interpret and depict it, based on factual material. They (Gandhis) know I am doing this film. I haven't sought any permission, nor do I need to. Through intermediaries, however, we have informed them."As reported by high society columnist Nisha Jamwal (aka Nisha JamVwal), in July 2012 <mask> threw an "Indira Gandhi Gala"---hosted at Juhu Chowpatty Beach, Mumbai---to celebrate the pending Birth of a Nation production. In attendance and pictured with <mask> were director Bruce Beresford, along with Hollywood's "Power Couple" of former Creative Artists Agency co-chairman Rick Nicita and producer/talent agent Paula Wagner. Others photographed at the gala included Zeenat Aman, Poonam Dhillon, Neena Gupta, Soni Razdan, Deepa Sahi, Rohini Hattangadi, Kalpana Lazmi, Ashutosh Gowarikar, Prateik Babbar, Ketan Mehta, and Sanjay Chhel. Jamwal states, "For me the most fascinating part of the evening was the mini-film that <mask> and Bruce showcased through the cocktails. The film uses modern technology to morph several well known Hollywood and Bollywood actors as Indian politicians. This was done to illustrate what Beresford had carefully planned with <mask> to indicate whom he was thinking of, for which role." After the gala there was no further public information regarding Birth of a Nation.Since the time of his death in 2013, <mask> Gandhi project remains unmade. Later years
<mask> kept occupied in his later years by traveling the speaker circuit and hosting various filmmaking forums, seminars, and discussions. <mask> also claimed to have made "a lot of money" in his ongoing work as a Hollywood Script Doctor. Filmography

References

External links

1938 births
2013 deaths
American film producers
UCLA Film School alumni
Indian film directors
Film directors from Mumbai
Film producers from Mumbai
Hindi-language film directors
Hindi film producers
Gujarati

masks:
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna Shah
Shah
Krishna
Krishna
Krishna Shahdira
Krishna Shah
Shah


title: François Baroin

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 21 June 1965) is a French politician and lawyer who served as Finance Minister from 2011 to 2012, following a stint as Budget Minister in the government of Prime Minister <mask>. A member of The Republicans (LR), he was a long-time ally of Jacques Chirac and has been Mayor of Troyes in Champagne since 1995. Early life and education
Baroin was born in the 12th arrondissement of Paris to an upper-class family. His father Michel Baroin was a student friend of Chirac’s who went on to become a leading freemason, chairman of retailer Fnac and the insurer GMF, and a powerful local politician. Baroin studied at Collège Stanislas de Paris before moving to ISG Business School and Panthéon-Assas University. Early career
Baroin started his career as a political correspondent for Europe 1 from 1988 until 1992. Political career
In 1992, at Chirac’s behest, Baroin joined his party Rally for the Republic (RPR).He became a member of the National Assembly in the 1993 elections – where he served on the Committee on Legal Affairs – and the mayor of Troyes, a mid-sized city west of Paris, two years later. Baroin was appointed Chirac’s campaign spokesman in the 1995 French presidential election. Following the elections, he became first state secretary and government spokesman under Prime Minister Alain Juppé and then, after a reshuffle, a political aide to the president. Returning to parliament, Baroin was a member of the National Assembly's Finance Committee (1997-2001), the Committee on Cultural Affairs (2001-2002) and the Committee on Legal Affairs (2002-2005). He also served as the Assembly's vice-president between 2002 and 2005. In the government led by Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, Baroin served as Minister for Overseas Territories from June 2005 to March 2007 and was briefly Minister of the Interior from March to May 2007. He replaced Nicolas Sarkozy on 26 March 2007 as Interior Minister when Sarkozy left the Government to pursue his presidential candidacy.During his time as Minister of the Budget in the government of Prime Minister <mask> from 2010 until 2011, Baroin successfully managed controversial dossiers such as wealth tax reform, the reduction of civil servants and the abolition of Sarkozy’s controversial tax cap for the rich. On 29 June 2011, Baroin was appointed Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industry in Fillon’s cabinet, replacing Christine Lagarde following her appointment as Director General of the International Monetary Fund. At the time, he was one of three candidates discussed for the role, alongside Bruno Le Maire and Valérie Pécresse. The appointment was seen as a tribute to Baroin’s presumed ability to sell austerity to the French public and to unpick the economic policy of the opposition Socialist Party. During his brief time in office, he chaired the meetings of the Group of Eight ministers of finance when France held the group's presidency in 2011. From 2014, Baroin served as president of the France's Mayors Organization (Association des Maires de France), a powerful organization for more than 36,000 mayors in France. Ahead of the 2017 French presidential election, Baroin played a central role in the campaign of <mask>.After Fillon was eliminated in the first round of voting, Baroin declared that he would vote for Emmanuel Macron in the runoff election and that he would be available as prime minister in a cohabitation; however, Macron eventually chose Édouard Philippe for the post. Career in the private sector
In 2018, Baroin joined the French investment banking business of Barclays as an external senior advisor. When Christian Jacob was elected chairman of the Republicans in 2019, he appointed Baroin as strategic advisor. In 2020, Baroin was mentioned by news media as potential candidate for the 2022 French presidential election; however, he declared in October 2020 that he would not run for president. Other activities
 European Investment Bank (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2011-2012)

Wiretapping by NSA
In 2015, WikiLeaks revealed that the U.S. National Security Agency wiretapped Baroin’s communication during his time as Minister of Finance. Personal life
Baroin married fellow journalist Valérie Broquisse in 1991 and they have three children. Following their divorce, he was the partner of the journalist Marie Drucker until they separated in 2008.In 2009, he was linked with Michèle Laroque. Overview

Governmental functions

Ministre of Economy, Finance and Industry : 2011–2012. Government's Spokesman : 2010–2011. Minister of Budget, Public Accounts and State Reform : 2010–2011. Minister of Interior : March–May 2007. Minister of Overseas Territories : 2005–2007. Government's spokesman : May–November 1995.Electoral mandates

Senate

Senator for Aube : since 2014. National Assembly of France

Vice-president of the National Assembly of France : 2002–2005

Member of the National Assembly of France for Aube (3rd constituency) : 1993–1995 (Became government's spokesman in 1995) / 1997–2005 (Became minister in 2005) / 2007–2010 (Became minister in 2010) / 2012-2014 (elected as a senator). Elected in 1993, reelected in 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012. Municipal Council

Mayor of Troyes : Since 1995. Reelected in 2001, 2008, 2014. Municipal councillor of Troyes : Since 1995. Reelected in 2001, 2008, 2014.Agglomeration community Council

President of the Agglomeration community of Troyes : Since 2001. Reelected in 2008, 2014. Member of the Agglomeration community of Troyes : Since 2001. Reelected in 2008, 2014. References

1965 births
French interior ministers
French lawyers
French Ministers of Finance
Government spokespersons of France
ISG Business School alumni
Living people
Mayors of places in Grand Est
People from Troyes
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
Politicians from Paris
Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
Rally for the Republic politicians
Union for a Popular Movement politicians
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 14th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Senators of Aube

masks:
François Claude Pierre René Baroin
François Fillon
François Fillon
François Fillon


title: Dave Potter (motorcyclist)

texts:
<mask> (27 July 1950 – 18 September 1981) was an English motorcycle racer who won the British Superbike Championship twice. <mask> crashed during a race at Oulton Park on 31 August 1981 and suffered head injuries from which he died in hospital 17 days later. Biography
<mask>, from Hovingham, Yorkshire, started racing in 1969 at the Croft Circuit on a BSA Gold Star. The "goldie" was outclassed and not competitive. In his fourth race the bike's oil pump shaft snapped and the engine seized. This caused <mask> to crash and he broke his shoulder and hand. Having been offered a job by Paul Dunstall, <mask> moved to London working for Dunstall as a mechanic.He brought one of Dunstall's bike and had some success on it in clubman's races, winning at Brands Hatch and Snetterton. In 1971, <mask> won Lydden Circuit's Lord of Lydden title. The next meeting was the Hutchinson 100 at Brands Hatch, where <mask> won the Mick Andrew Trophy. Charlie Sanby crashed at the "Hutch" and was unable to ride for a few weeks due to a suspected broken collarbone, leaving his team, Gus Kuhn, without a rider for Silverstone the next weekend. <mask> phoned <mask> of Kuhn and arrange to ride for them. On the Kuun Norton he had some wins during the season, culmination with a win at Snetterton in October which clinched the Bemsee (British Motorcycle Racing Club) Production Title for him. <mask> had some wins on the Khun Norton in 1972, culminating in a win at Silloth in the final round of the British 750 cc Championship which clinched the championship for him.He also finished 6th in that year's MCN Superbike Series. <mask> was dominant at Lydden, winning both the Lord of Lydden in June and the Lord of the Flyers in July. As well as domestic competitions, <mask> also raced in Europe at the , a round of the FIM Endurance Cup series, at Circuit Paul Ricard and at Rungis in the Grand Prix of Paris. In 1973 <mask> was in the British team for the Transatlantic Trophy, an annual match series between Britain and America held over the Easter weekend. <mask> won the first race at Brands Hatch and finished 5th overall, the second highest finishing Briton. As well as domestic competitions, <mask> also competed in Europe, in April at the Rouen Trophee 750 International and the Imola 200 both on the Kuhn Norton. <mask> also competed in endurance racing on a BMW with co-rider Graham Sharp in the 24 hours of Barcelona and Bol d'Or.<mask> competed in the 24 hours of Barcelona again in 1974, this time on a Kuhn Norton with Gary Green as co-rider. Gus Kuhn entered <mask> and Green on a Norton for the Thruxton 500 mile Endurance GP. At a late stage the pair changed to Green's Triumph Trident  and they finished second. In domestic races <mask> continued to race the Kuhn Norton including an impressive win in the wet in the production race at Brands Hatch's Hutchinson 100 meeting where he led from start to finish. <mask> teamed up with Willie Ryan to develop and race the Crescent 500 cc bike. The machine was relatively unsuccessful but <mask> did manage a production class win at Brands Brands Hatch. He also made his only appearance at the Isle of Man TT races in the Senior TT but failed to finish on the Crescent.In 1975 <mask> joined the BP sponsored team of Ted Broad. On the Broad Yamaha TZ750 <mask> finished 5th in the MCN Superbike Championship. He also raced in two of the FIM Formula 750 Championship rounds, finishing 4th in the Imola 200 and second in the Mettet 1000 km. <mask> was also chosen for the British team in the 1975 Transatlantic trophy. Penthouse magazine, BMW and Gus Kuhn teamed up to provide BMW R90S machines for <mask> and Green to compete in the 1975 Coupe d'Endurance series. The pair finished second at the 1000 km of Le Mans and fifth at the Barcelona 24 hours but failed to finish in the Bol d'Or. With greater support from BP, the Broad team became more competitive in 1976.<mask> finished 5th overall in the F750 Series, with podiums at Nivelles-Baulers and Silverstone. He also scored his first GP point for 10th place at the 500cc Dutch Grand Prix. On the domestic front, <mask> was 4th in the MCN Superbike Championship and won the 'King of Brands' title. Broad added a Suzuki RG 500 to the stable for 1977 (Yamaha had no racing 500 at that time) and <mask> competed in the British ShellSport 500cc series on the RG. Competing on a Yamaha TZ750 in the MCN Superbike Championship he finished third. At the 1978 Transatlantic Trophy, <mask> was the top British individual scorer. In the MCN Superbike series, <mask> won the rounds at Donington and Mallory and the series went down to the wire at the final round at Brands Hatch but <mask> slid off and Barry Sheene won the championship.In the 500 cc ShellSport Championship <mask> finished 5th. Mitsui Yamaha, the UK importers, backed the Broad team in 1979. On works TZ750s <mask> battled with Ron Haslam for the Superbike Championship. The series was again decided at the final round at Brands Hatch, this time <mask> came out on top and won the championship. He also won Snetterton's 'Race of Aces'. The long awaited Yamaha 500-4 was available for 1980 and <mask> returned to competing in the ShellSport 500cc Championship. With a win at Brands he finished 3rd in the series.He also competed at selected GP races on the 500. Retaining his Superbike championship was his main focus for the year, and he wrapped up the championship in the penultimate round at Mallory. <mask> was awarded the 1980 ITV World of Sport Championship. Death
Defending his Superbike championship at Oulton Park on Monday 31 August 1981, <mask> won the first race. In the second heat he slid off at Cascades whilst in the lead and slip into an unprotected Armco barrier and suffered head injuries. He was taken to Chester Royal Infirmary and later transferred to Stoke Mandeville. <mask> never regained consciousness and died on 18 September.<mask> was survived by his wife Sue and children Sara and Oliver. Career statistics
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Motorcycle Grand Prix results

Formula 750 Championship results

FIM Endurance Cup

TT Results

References

1950 births
1981 deaths
People from Hovingham
English motorcycle racers
Motorcycle racers killed while racing
Sport deaths in England

masks:
Dave Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Vincent Davey
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
<mask> (born December 12, 1943) is an American journalist, author, and advice columnist. Her "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle magazine from 1993 through 2019, becoming one of the longest-running advice columns in American publishing. The first female contributing editor for Playboy,  <mask> was noted for her gonzo-style
first person narrative as a journalist; The New York Times wrote that she was "feminism's answer to Hunter S. Thompson." In her 2019 book, What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal, <mask> accused Les Moonves and Donald Trump of sexually assaulting her in the mid-1990s. Both Moonves and Trump denied the allegations.Early life
<mask> "E<mask>" <mask> was born on December 12, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. She also went by "<mask>nie". Her father, Thomas F. "Tom<mask>, Jr., was an inventor, and her mother, Betty (née McKinney) <mask>, was a retired Allen County, Indiana politician. <mask> was raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana and attended Indiana University. A Pi Beta Phi and a cheerleader, she  was crowned Miss Indiana University in 1963, and in 1964, as a representative of the university, she won the Miss Cheerleader USA title. She appeared on To Tell The Truth in 1965. Career

Column: Ask E. <mask>'s "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle from 1993 until 2020.Widely read, it was acclaimed for <mask>'s opinions on sex, her insistence that women should "never never" structure their lives around men, and her compassion for letter-writers experiencing difficult life situations. When it debuted, Amy Gross, a former editor-in-chief of Elle, compared the column to putting <mask> on a "bucking bronco", describing her responses to readers as "the cheers and whoops and hollers of a fearless woman having a good ol' time." <mask> was fired from <mask> in February 2020; she wrote on Twitter that she was dismissed "Because Trump ridiculed my reputation, laughed at my looks, & dragged me through the mud." <mask> maintained that the decision to fire <mask> was a business decision unrelated to Trump. Television: Ask E. <mask>, Saturday Night Live
<mask> wrote for Saturday Night Live in the mid-1980s. She was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program in 1987. From 1994 through 1996, NBC's America's Talking—the predecessor to MSNBC—aired Ask E. <mask>, a television series that <mask> produced.Entertainment Weekly called <mask> "the most entertaining cable talk show host you will never see." <mask> and the show were nominated for a CableACE Award in 1995. Magazines, books, and anthologies
In addition to writing for magazines including The Atlantic and Vanity Fair, <mask> served as a contributing editor for Outside, Esquire and Playboy. She was Playboy's first female contributing editor. <mask> was known for her gonzo-style  first-person narratives. She hiked into the Star Mountains with an Atbalmin tracker and a Telefomin warrior; chronicled the lives of basketball groupies in a story called "Love in the Time of Magic"; and went to Indiana to investigate why four white farm kids were thrown out of school for dressing like black artists in "The Return of the White Negro". She tracked down her old boyfriends and moved in with them and their wives and went on a camping trip with Fran Lebowitz.Bill Tonelli, her Esquire and Rolling Stone editor, said in a 1999 interview that all of <mask>'s stories were "pretty much the same thing. Which is: 'What is this person like when he or she is in a room with E. <mask>?' She's institutionally incapable of being uninteresting." Several of <mask>'s pieces have been included in  non-fiction anthologies such as The Best of Outside: The First 20 Years (Vintage Books, 1998), Out of the Noosphere: Adventure, Sports, Travel, and the Environment (Fireside, 1998) and Sand in My Bra: Funny Women Write from the Road (Traveler's Tales, 2003). Her 2002 story for Spin, "The Cheerleaders" was selected as one of the year's "Best True Crime Reporting" pieces. It appeared in Best American Crime Writing, edited by Otto Penzler, Thomas H. Cook, and Nicholas Pileggi (Pantheon Books, 2002).In 1993, <mask>'s biography of Hunter S. Thompson, Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, was published by Dutton. Her memoir, What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal was released in June 2019. The title referred to the 1729 satire, A Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift. In the late summer and fall of 2020 and the winter of 2021, <mask> published a series about the women who came forward to accuse Donald Trump of sexual misbehavior for The Atlantic, profiling Natasha Stoynoff, Karena Virginia, Jessica Leeds, Alva Johnson and Kristin Anderson. Vanity Fair published <mask>'s profile of Jill Harth. This American Life featured her in conversation with Jessica Leeds.Online
In 2002, <mask> co-founded greatboyfriends.com with her sister, Cande <mask>. On the site, women recommended their ex-boyfriends to each other. GreatBoyfriends was acquired by The Knot Inc. in 2005. In 2004, she launched Catch27.com, a spoof of Facebook. On the site, people put their profiles on trading cards and bought, sold, and traded each other. She launched an online version of her column,  askejean.com, in 2007. Ten  years later <mask> co-founded Tawkify, "a personal concierge" for dating."She also advised Tawkify's matchmaking team. Sexual assault allegations

Donald Trump

On June 21, 2019, prior to the release of her book, which detailed the event, <mask> wrote in New York magazine that Donald Trump sexually assaulted her in the fall of 1995 or the spring of 1996 in a Bergdorf Goodman store in New York City. Trump denied the allegations, claiming he had never met her. However, in the New York magazine article, <mask> provided a photograph which showed her meeting Trump in 1987. Two people she told, Lisa Birnbach and Carol Martin, confirmed with New York that they had discussed the alleged assault with <mask>. <mask> chose not to describe the alleged sexual assault as rape, instead describing it as a fight. "My word is fight.My word is not the victim word...I fought." Defamation suit
In addition to other comments denying <mask>'s accusation, Trump stated in a June 2019 interview with The Hill that  <mask> was "totally lying" and that he knew "nothing about her." He also said that she was "not his type"  and implied that her allegation was politically and financially motivated. In November 2019, <mask> filed a defamation suit with the New York Supreme Court. The suit stated that Trump had damaged her reputation, substantially harmed her professionally, and caused emotional pain. After the suit was filed, White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said:  "The lawsuit is frivolous and the story is a fraud — just like the author." In January 2020,  <mask>'s attorneys served a request for a DNA sample from Trump to compare against the unidentified male DNA on the black dress she was wearing when she alleged he attacked her.In September 2020, citing the Federal Tort Claims Act, DOJ lawyers argued that Trump, in responding to <mask>'s accusation, had acted in his official capacity. In addition to replacing Trump's personal lawyers, the right to move the proceedings from state to federal court was asserted. <mask>'s lawyer, Roberta A. Kaplan issued a statement that in part read: "Trump's effort to wield the power of the U.S. government to evade responsibility for his private misconduct is without precedent." In October 2020, U.S. District Court Judge Lewis Kaplan rejected the government's motion. In November of the same year, the DOJ filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Les Moonves

<mask>, alongside 12 other women, accused Les Moonves of sexual assault. She says the incident occurred in an elevator after she had interviewed Moonves for a story.Moonves denied the allegation. Personal life
<mask> resides around Warwick, New York. She was formerly married to reporter John Johnson. Selected books
 1985: Female Difficulties: Sorority Sisters, Rodeo Queens, Frigid Women, Smut Stars, and Other Modern Girls, Bantam Books,
 1993: Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, Dutton,
 1997: A Dog in Heat Is a Hot Dog and Other Rules to Live By, a collection of her Ask E. <mask> columns, Simon and Schuster,
 2004: Mr. Right, Right Now, HarperCollins,
 2019: What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal, St. Martin's Press,

References

External links

1943 births
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
American advice columnists
American women columnists
Donald Trump controversies
Elle (magazine) writers
Living people
Writers from Detroit
Writers from Fort Wayne, Indiana

masks:
Elizabeth Jean Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Elizabeth Jean
. Jean
Carroll
Jean
" Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Jean Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Elle
Elle
Carroll
Jean
Carroll
Jean
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Jean
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Jean


title: Erik the Red

texts:
<mask> (), known as <mask>, was a Norse explorer, described in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. He most likely earned the epithet "the Red" due to the color of his hair and beard. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Thorvald Asvaldsson. One of <mask>'s sons was the well-known Icelandic explorer <mask>. Personal life

Early life
<mask> was born in Rogaland, Norway in 950 CE. He was the son of Thorvald Asvaldson (also spelled Osvaldson). As a method of conflict resolution that subsequently became something of a family custom, <mask>'s father, Thorvald Asvaldsson, was banished from Norway for manslaughter.He sailed west from Norway with his family, including 10-year-old <mask>, and settled in Hornstrandir in northwestern Iceland, where he eventually died before 1000 AD. Marriage and family
<mask> married Þjódhild Jorundsdottir and moved to Haukadalr (Hawksdale) where he built a farm called Eiríksstaðir. Þjódhild was the daughter of Jorundur Ulfsson and Þorbjorg Gilsdottir. Medieval Icelandic tradition relates that <mask> the <mask> and his wife Þjódhild had four children: a daughter, Freydís, and three sons, the explorer Leif <mask>, Thorvald and Thorstein. Unlike his son Leif and Leif's wife, who became Christians, <mask> remained a follower of Norse paganism. While <mask>'s wife took heartily to Christianity, even commissioning Greenland's first church, <mask> greatly disliked it and stuck to his Norse gods—which, the sagas relate, led Þjódhild to withhold intercourse from her husband. Exile
Following in his father's footsteps, <mask> also found himself exiled for a time.The initial confrontation occurred when his thralls (slaves) started a landslide on the neighboring farm belonging to Valthjof. In turn, Valthjof's friend, Eyjolf the Foul, killed the thralls. So, in retaliation, <mask> killed Eyjolf and Holmgang-Hrafn. Because Eyjolf's kinsmen demanded his banishment from Haukadal, the Icelanders later sentenced <mask> to exile for three years for killing Eyjolf the Foul around the year 982. <mask> then moved to the island of Eyxney. He asked Thorgest to keep his setstokkr—inherited ornamented beams of significant mystical value, which his father had brought from Norway. When he had finished his new house, he went back to get them, but they "could not be obtained".<mask> then went to Breidabolstad and took them. These are likely to have been Thorgest's setstokkr, although the sagas are unclear at this point. Thorgest gave chase, and in the ensuing fight <mask> slew both Thorgest's sons and "a few other men". After this, each of them retained a considerable body of men with him at his home. Styr gave <mask> his support, as did also Eyiolf of Sviney, Thorbjiorn, Vifil's son, and the sons of Thorbrand of Alptafirth; while Thorgest was backed by the sons of Thord the Yeller, and Thorgeir of Hitardal, Aslak of Langadal and his son Illugi.The dispute was resolved at an assembly, the Thing, which outlawed <mask> for three years. Death
<mask>'s son Leif <mask>son became the first Viking to explore the land of Vinland–part of North America, probably near modern-day Newfoundland–and invited his father on the voyage. However, according to legend, <mask> fell off his horse on the way to the ship and took this as a bad sign, leaving his son to continue without him.<mask> died in an epidemic that killed many of the colonists in the winter after his son's departure. Discoveries

Even though popular history credits <mask> as the first person to discover Greenland, the Icelandic sagas suggest that earlier Norsemen discovered and tried to settle it before him. Tradition credits Gunnbjörn Ulfsson (also known as Gunnbjörn Ulf-Krakuson) with the first sighting of the land-mass. Nearly a century before <mask>, strong winds had driven Gunnbjörn towards the land he called Gunnbjörn's skerries. But the accidental nature of Gunnbjörn's discovery has led to his neglect in the history of Greenland. After Gunnbjörn, Snæbjörn galti had also visited Greenland. According to records from the time, Galti headed the first Norse attempt to colonize Greenland, which ended in disaster.However, <mask> <mask> was the first permanent European settler. Greenland
During his exile, around 982, <mask> sailed to a somewhat mysterious and little-known land that Snæbjörn galti Hólmsteinsson had unsuccessfully attempted to settle four years before. He rounded the southern tip of the island, later known as Cape Farewell, and sailed up the western coast. Eventually, he reached a part of the coast that, for the most part, seemed ice-free and consequently had conditions—similar to those of Iceland—that promised growth and future prosperity. According to the Saga of Erik the Red, he spent his three years of exile exploring this land. The first winter he spent on the island of Eiriksey, the second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar (close to Hvarfsgnipa). In the final summer he explored as far north as Snaefell and into Hrafnsfjord.When <mask> returned to Iceland after his exile had expired, he is said to have brought with him stories of "Greenland". <mask> deliberately gave the land a more appealing name than "Iceland" in order to lure potential settlers. He explained, "people would be attracted to go there if it had a favorable name". He knew that the success of any settlement in Greenland would need the support of as many people as possible. His salesmanship proved successful, as many people—especially "those Vikings living on poor land in Iceland" and those that had suffered a "recent famine"—became convinced that Greenland held great opportunity. After spending the winter in Iceland, <mask> returned to Greenland in 985 with a large number of colonists. Out of 25 ships that left for Greenland eleven were lost at sea; only 14 arrived.The Icelanders established two colonies on the southwest coast: the Eastern Settlement or Eystribyggð, in what is now Qaqortoq, and the Western Settlement, close to present-day Nuuk. Eventually, a Middle Settlement grew, but many people suggest it formed part of the Western Settlement. The Eastern and Western Settlements, both established on the southwest coast, proved the only two areas suitable for farming. During the summers, when the weather was more favorable to travel, each settlement would send an army of men to hunt in Disko Bay above the Arctic Circle for food and other valuable commodities such as seals (used for rope), ivory from walrus tusks, and beached whales. Eastern Settlement

In the Eastern Settlement, <mask> built the estate of Brattahlíð, near present-day Narsarsuaq. He held the title of paramount chieftain of Greenland and became both greatly respected and wealthy. The settlement flourished, growing to 5,000 inhabitants spread over a considerable area along Eriksfjord and neighboring fjords.Groups of immigrants escaping overcrowding in Iceland joined the original party. However, one group of immigrants which arrived in 1002 brought with it an epidemic that ravaged the colony, killing many of its leading citizens, including <mask> himself. Nevertheless, the colony rebounded and survived until the Little Ice Age made the land marginal for European life-styles in the 15th century–shortly before Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492. Pirate raids, conflict with Inuit moving into the Norse territories, and the colony's abandonment by Norway became other factors in its decline. Comparisons to Greenland saga

There are numerous parallels between the Saga of Erik the Red and the Greenland saga, including recurring characters and recountings of the same expeditions, though with a few notable differences. The saga of <mask> the Red portrays a number of the expeditions in the Greenland saga as just one expedition led by Thorfinn Karlsefni, although <mask>'s son Thorvald, his daughter Freydís and Karlsefni's wife Gudrid play key roles in the retelling. Another notable difference is the location of their settlements.According to the Grœnlendinga saga, Karlsefni and the others settled in a place that is referred to only as Vinland, while in <mask> the <mask>'s saga they formed two base settlements: Straumfjǫrðr where they spent the winter and the following spring, and Hop where they later settled but ran into problems with the natives they called Skrælings, as depicted in the Greenland saga. The two accounts are largely similar otherwise, both with heavy emphasis on the exploits of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Gudrid. Notes

References

External links

 "The Fate of Greenland's Vikings"

950s births
1000s deaths
10th-century explorers
10th-century Icelandic people
11th-century Icelandic people
Norwegian exiles
Germanic pagans
Icelandic explorers
Icelandic people of Norwegian descent
Norse colonization of North America
Norwegian emigrants to Greenland
Norwegian explorers
Norwegian sailors
Scandinavian explorers of North America
Viking warriors
10th-century Vikings

masks:
Erik Thorvaldsson
Erik the Red
Erik
Leif Erikson
Erik Thorvaldsson
Erik the Red
Erik
Erik
Erik
Red
Erikson
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik the
Red
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik
Red


title: Dale Veasey

texts:
<mask> (born May 20, 1960) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ringnames <mask> and Lt. James Earl Wright, who competed in North American regional promotions including the Mid-South region and the National Wrestling Alliance, particularly the Georgia and Florida territories, as well as brief stints in the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling, most notably as one half of the tag team State Patrol with Buddy Lee Parker during the 1990s. He would also have a successful career teaming with Bob Brown in international promotions including Continental Championship Wrestling, Stampede Wrestling and the World Wrestling Council (WWC). Career

Early career
<mask> made his professional debut in early 1982, beginning his career in Georgia and Florida. Later that year however, he disappeared from the scene and did not reappear until February 1984, in Georgia Championship Wrestling. The on-air reason given for his hiatus was that he had been in a serious automobile accident, breaking his ankle, jaw, right arm, and also suffering two skull fractures. On his return he was heavier than when last seen in 1982, but spent the next few months trimming down. Veasey was still with the promotion when Black Saturday occurred, at which point he transition to other territories, losing several singles matches to Tim Horner, Shawn Michaels, Terry Taylor and Iceman Parsons while in the Mid-South territory in January 1985 and spending most of the year wrestling in Florida Championship Wrestling facing veterans such as Wahoo McDaniel, Rip Rogers and Hector Guerrero.While in Texas All-Star Wrestling, he also defeated Terry Daniels in a tournament final to win the vacant TASW Junior Heavyweight Championship in San Antonio, Texas on September 2, 1985 holding the title for four months before leaving the area. The Alaskan Hunters & State Patrol
The following year, Veasey underwent another physical transformation into Road Warriors-inspired, The Hunter. He spent most of 1986/1987 wrestling as either The Hunter in singles competition or with tag-team partner Bob Brown as The Alaskan Hunters, going on to win the WWC North American Tag Team Championship with Brown defeating Miguelito Perez & Tony Atlas in San Juan, Puerto Rico on June 20, 1987. After defeating WWC World Tag Team Champions Mark & Chris Youngblood on August 26, the two would briefly hold both the World and North American tag team titles before losing the World titles back to the Youngbloods September 20, 1987. After the North American titles were abandoned by the promotion in November, Veasey and Brown would leave the promotion by the end of the year. Early in 1989, Veasey and Brown spent some time in the World Wrestling Federation and, later, a very short spell in Stampede Wrestling, but by the end of 1989 Veasey was in World Championship Wrestling as 'Lieutenant James Earl Wright' along with 'Sergeant Buddy Lee Parker', his tag team partner in the State Patrol (which first formed while both were in Stampede). World Championship Wrestling
Making their debut in late 1989, the State Patrol substituted for the Samoan Swat Team and were defeated by the NWA/WCW US Tag Team Champions The Steiner Brothers at Chicago’s UIC Pavilion on September 30 and also faced Ricky Morton & Tommy Rich on December 14, 1990.During 1991, Wright and Parker regularly appeared on televised shows including WCW Power Hour and WCW Saturday Night. After losing to Brian Pillman in a singles match on WCW Power Hour on January 26, both he and Parker brawled with Pillman afterwards with Pillman getting the upper hand. This would lead to a brief feud which resulted in a rematch at Clash of the Champions XIV on January 30 with Wright again losing to Pillman. Although having success against preliminary wrestlers in early 1991, Veasey and Parker teamed with Big Cat in a losing effort against the then WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Champions Junkyard Dog, Ricky Morton & Tommy Rich at WrestleWar ‘91 on February 24, 1991. He would also lose a series of single matches to Junkyard Dog and Dustin Rhodes during the next two months, before losing to Big Van Vader in a handicap match with Joe Cazana on April 24, 1991. The following year, Veasey lost to "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan in a match for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship on November 20 and, with Sgt. Buddy Lee Parker, lost to then WCW World Tag Team Champions The American Males on December 7, 1994.Appearing on WCW Saturday Night during early 1995, he lost singles matches against Sting, Brian Pillman and Renegade. Although losing to the American Males on August 21, they would later defeat Col. Robert Lee Parker's Stud Stable (Bunkhouse Buck & "Dirty" Dick Slater) during WCW Monday Nitro on September 18. Losing to The Nasty Boys on October 11 and Sting & Ric Flair on October 25, he and Parker would later appear in a 60-man Battle Royal where both he and his partner were eliminated by Cobra at World War Three '95 on November 11, 1995. After being eliminated, Veasey/Wright pulled Cobra out of the ring eliminating him from the battle royal as well, however nothing came from this. The following year, the State Patrol lost a match against Harlem Heat on WCW Saturday Night in Rome, Georgia on March 30, 1996. The State Patrol also toured Japan several times during the 1990s. On January 5, 1999 the State Patrol reunited in WCW's Worldwide losing to Brian Adams and Vincent.Veasey retired from active competition although he has since wrestled in the Georgia-based Columbus Championship Wrestling in January 2002. Championships and accomplishments
Texas All-Star Wrestling
TASW USA Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Council
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Bob Brown
WWC Caribbean Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Sgt. Buddy Lee Parker
WWC North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Bob Brown

References

External links
Cagematch: Lt. James Earl
Championship Wrestling from Florida: <mask>y
Profile at Online World of Wrestling

1960 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Professional wrestling jobbers
Sportspeople from Orlando, Florida

masks:
Todd Dale Veasey
Dale Veasey
Dale Veasey
Dale Vease


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
<mask>, 1st Baron <mask>,  (4 March 1651 – 26 April 1716) was an English Whig jurist and statesman. Somers first came to national attention in the trial of the Seven Bishops where he was on their defence counsel. He published tracts on political topics such as the succession to the crown, where he elaborated his Whig principles in support of the Exclusionists. He played a leading part in shaping the Revolution settlement. He was Lord High Chancellor of England under King William III and was a chief architect of the union between England and Scotland achieved in 1707 and the Protestant succession achieved in 1714. He was a leading Whig during the twenty-five years after 1688; with four colleagues he formed the Whig Junto. Early life
He was born at Claines, near Worcester, the eldest son of <mask>, an attorney in large practice in that town, who had formerly fought on the side of the Parliament, and of Catherine Ceaverne of Shropshire.After being at school at Queen Mary's Grammar School, Walsall, and The King's School, Worcester he was entered as a gentleman commoner at Trinity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law under Sir Francis Winnington, who became solicitor-general, and joined the Middle Temple. Early political career
He soon became intimate with the leaders of the country party especially with Lord Essex, William Russell, and Algernon Sidney but never entered into their plans so far as to commit himself beyond recall. He was the author of a pamphlet supporting the Exclusion Bill, A Brief History of the Succession, Collected out of the Records and the Most Authentick Historians (1680). Somers showed that Parliament had for centuries regulated the succession of the English crown against the arguments of those who believed that Parliament had no right to alter the succession. Before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon kings had been elected, and even after it Parliament had deposed kings and kings in turn had confirmed their title by Act of Parliament. Somers concluded:

...it hath been the constant opinion of all Ages that the Parliament of England had an unquestionable power to limit, restrain and qualify the Succession as they pleased, and that in all Ages they have put their power in practice; and that the Historian had reason for saying that seldom or never the third Heir in a right descent enjoyed the Crown of England. He was reputed to have written the Just and Modest Vindication of the Two Last Parliaments, which was published in April 1681 as the answer to Charles II's famous declaration of his reasons for dissolving them.The authorship of this has been disputed. According to Bishop Burnet it was "first penned by Sidney; but a new draught was made by Somers, and corrected by Jones". Lord Hardwicke saw a copy in <mask>'s handwriting amongst his manuscripts before they were destroyed by fire in 1752. In 1681 Lord Shaftesbury was sent to the Tower of London without bail or recourse to a trial. In November he was charged at the Old Bailey for high treason, specifically for intending to levy war against the king. However the grand jury of Middlesex threw out the bill against Lord Shaftesbury, and were vehemently attacked for so doing by government supporters. Somers published anonymously The Security of Englishmen's Lives, or, The Trust, Power, and Duty of the Grand Juries of England in 1681.Somers acknowledged that judges may advise but juries "are bound by their Oaths to present the Truth, the whole Truth, and nothing but the Truth, to the best of their own, not the Judges', Knowledge". The monarch must ensure that justice is carried out:

Whosoever hath learnt that the Kings of England were ordained for the good Government of the Kingdom in the Execution of the Laws, must needs know, that the King cannot lawfully seek any other benefit in judicial proceedings, than that common Right and Justice be done to the People according to their Laws and Customs. Somers went on to argue that the monarch should hold the protection of the innocent above the punishment of the guilty:

If a Criminal should be acquitted wrongfully he may be reserved for future Justice from Man or God, if he doth not repent; but 'tis impossible that satisfaction or reparation should be made for innocent Bloodshed in the forms of Justice. In 1683 he was counsel for the sheriffs Thomas Pilkington and Samuel Shute before the Court of King's Bench, and secured a reputation which continually increased until the trial of the Seven Bishops, in which he was junior counsel. One of the bishops objected that "too young and obscure a Man" should be retained on the defence counsel but Sir Henry Pollexfen refused to participate in the trial without him, saying that Somers was "the Man who would take most Pains, and go deepest into all that depended on Precedents and Records". In Macaulay's words: "Somers rose last. He spoke little more than five minutes: but every word was full of weighty matter; and when he sate down his reputation as an orator and a constitutional lawyer was established".In his speech Somers cited the case of Thomas v. Sorrel (1674) whereby it was ruled that no Act of Parliament could be abrogated except through Parliament. The bishops' petition had been described as a false, malicious and seditious libel. In his peroration Somers answered this charge:

My Lord, as to all the matters of fact alleged in the Petition,—that they are perfectly true we have shown by the Journals of both Houses. In every instance which the petitioners mention, this power of dispensation was considered in Parliament, and, on debate, declared to be contrary to law. They could have no design to diminish the prerogative, because the King hath no such prerogative. Seditious, my Lord, the Petition could not be, for the matter of it must be seen to be strictly true. There could be nothing of malice, for the occasion, instead of being sought, was forced upon them.A libel it could not be, for the intent of the defendants was innocent, and they kept strictly within the bounds set by the law, which gives the subject leave to apply to his Prince by petition when he is aggrieved. Glorious Revolution

In the secret councils of those who were planning the Glorious Revolution <mask> took a leading part, and in the Convention Parliament was elected a member for Worcester. He was immediately appointed one of the managers for the Commons in the conferences between the houses, and in arguing the questions whether James II had left the throne vacant by abdication and whether the acts of the Convention Parliament were legal—that parliament having been summoned without the usual writs—he displayed great learning and legal subtlety. In his maiden speech on 28 January 1689, Somers argued that James II had forfeited his claim to the allegiance of the English by casting himself into the hands of Louis XIV of France and conspiring "to subject the Nation to the Pope, as much as to a foreign prince". On 6 February Somers advocated the word "abdicate" rather than "desert" (which the House of Lords favoured) to describe James' flight to France. He concluded by stating that James' actions were a prime example of the act of abdicating:

That King James II, by going about to subvert the constitution, and by breaking the original contract between king and people, and by violating the fundamental laws, and withdrawing himself out of the kingdom, hath thereby renounced to be a king according to the constitution, by avowing to govern by a despotic power, unknown to the constitution, and inconsistent with it; he hath renounced to be a king according to the law, such a king as he swore to be at his coronation, such a king to whom the allegiance of an English subject is due. Challenged by the Lords to produce a precedent whereby England had been without a monarch, Somers referred to a parliamentary roll from 1399 that stated that the throne had been unoccupied between the reigns of Richard II and Henry IV.Somers could not point to the interregnum of 1649–1660 because by law the reign of Charles II had started after the execution of Charles I. The Lords replied by pointing to a roll from the first year of the reign of Edward IV which showed that the roll of 1399 had been annulled. Sir George Treby supported Somers by producing the roll of the first year of the reign of Henry VII which repealed Edward IV's roll. Eventually the Lords accepted the abdication clause and that the throne was vacant at the behest of William, and passed a resolution affirming William and Mary's right to the crown. Although some historians such as Macaulay have claimed Somers was made chairman of the committee which drew up the Declaration of Right, the committee's report was delivered to the Commons by Treby (the chairman always delivered the report to the House). However Somers did play a leading part in drawing up the Declaration, which would be passed in Parliament and become known as the Bill of Rights 1689. Although later generations exaggerated Somers' role as architect of the Bill of Rights, his biographer asserts that no one else can have a better claim to that title.Somers published anonymously A Vindication of the Proceedings of the Late Parliament of England in 1690. Here, Somers justified the war against France and the Bill of Rights:

The proceedings of the late parliament were so fair, so prudent, so necessary, and so advantageous to the nation, to the protestant interest in general, and in particular to the church of England, that all true Englishmen must needs acknowledge they owe to the then representatives of the nation, their privileges, their liberties, their lives, their religion, their present and future security from popery, slavery, and arbitrary power, had they done nothing else but enacted the rights and liberties of the subject, and settling the succession of the crown. Somers went on to place the abolition of the dispensing power of sovereigns first in importance, then the parliamentary control of taxation, the outlawing of standing armies in time of peace unless Parliament decided otherwise, and the royal succession. Somers argued for the vital importance of the rule of law:

Our happiness then consists in this, that our princes are tied up to the law as well as we, and upon an especial account obliged to keep it up in full force, because if they destroyed the law, they destroyed at the same time themselves, by overthrowing the very foundation of their kingly grandeur and regal power. So that our government not being arbitrary, but legal, not absolute but political, our princes can never become arbitrary, absolute, or tyrants, without forfeiting at the same time their royal character, by the breach of the essential conditions of their regal power, which are to act according to the ancient customs and standing laws of the nation. Ministerial career

In May 1689 Somers was made Solicitor

masks:
John Somers
Somers
John Somers
Somers
Somers


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 General for England and Wales. He now became William III's most confidential adviser.In the controversy which arose between the Houses on the question of the legality of the decision of the Court of King's Bench regarding Titus Oates, and of the action of the Lords in sustaining this decision, <mask> was again the leading manager for the Commons, and has left a clear and interesting account of the debates. He was next employed in January 1690 as chairman of the select committee of the House of Commons on the Corporation Bill, by which those corporations which had surrendered their charters to the Crown during the last two reigns were restored to their rights; but he refused to associate himself with the violent measures of retaliation which the Whigs on that occasion endeavoured to include in the bill. Re-elected as MP for Worcester in March 1690, he gave a speech in April which carried through the lower house, without opposition, the bill which declared all the laws passed by the Convention Parliament (1689) to be valid. As Solicitor-General he had to conduct the prosecution of Lord Preston and <mask> in 1691, and did so with a moderation and humanity which were in marked contrast to the customs of the former reigns. He was soon after appointed Attorney General for England and Wales and in that capacity strongly opposed the Bill for the regulation of trials in cases of high treason. In December 1692 Somers introduced into the Commons a Bill "for the preservation of their Majesties' persons and government". The two main provisions of the Bill were severe penalties for anyone who spoke or printed asserted or implied that William and Mary were monarchs only "in fact" and not "of right", and a new oath for all who held offices of profit under the Crown in which they had to swear to defend the government against the exiled King James and his adherents.However the Bill was defeated by 200 to 175. On 23 March 1693, the Great Seal of the Realm having meanwhile been in commission, <mask> was appointed Lord Keeper, with a pension of £2000 a year from the day on which he should quit his office, and at the same time was made a privy councillor. He had previously been knighted. Somers now became the most prominent member of the Whig Junto, the small council which comprised the chief members of the Whig party. When William left in May 1695 to take command of the army in the Netherlands, Somers was made one of the seven Lords Justices to whom the administration of the kingdom during his absence was entrusted; and he was instrumental in bringing about a reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne. In 1696 he delivered perhaps his best known judgement in the Bankers case, a claim for compensation by several bankers who had suffered severe loss due to the Great Stop of the Exchequer of 1672 whereby the Crown had simply refused to pay its debts. The Court of Exchequer Chamber, after litigation of almost unprecedented length, found for the bankers; but Somers reversed the judgement on the technical point that the claim should have been brought by way of petition of right.Although his judgement was noted for erudition, it was much criticised for the result, in that the plaintiffs, after almost 25 years, were denied justice on a technicality. The House of Lords in turn reversed Somers's judgement in 1700. Lord Chancellor and impeachment
In April 1697 Somers was made Lord Chancellor, and was created a peer by the title of Baron <mask>, of Evesham. When the discussion arose on the question of disbanding the army, he summed up the case against disbanding, in answer to <mask> in a remarkable pamphlet called The Balancing Letter. In August 1698 he went to Tunbridge Wells for his health. While there he received the king's letter announcing the first Partition Treaty, and at once replied with a memorandum representing the necessity in the state of feeling in England of avoiding further war. When the king, on the occasion of the Disbanding Bill, expressed his determination to leave the country, Somers boldly remonstrated, while he dearly expressed in a speech in the Lords the danger of the course that was being taken.Hitherto Somers's character had kept him free from attack at the hands of political opponents; but his connection in 1699 with the notorious Captain William Kidd, to the cost of whose expedition Somers had given £1,000, afforded an opportunity; the vote of censure, however, proposed upon him in the House of Commons for giving Kidd a commission under the great seal was rejected by 199 to 131. The attack was renewed shortly on the ground of his having accepted grants of Crown property to the amount of £1600 a year, but was again defeated. On the subject of the Irish forfeitures a third attack was made in 1700, a motion being brought forward to request the king to remove Somers from his counsels and presence for ever; but this again was rejected by a large majority. In consequence, however, of the incessant agitation William now requested Somers to resign; this he refused to do, but gave up the seals to William's messenger. In 1701 he was impeached by the Commons on account of the part he had taken in the negotiations relating to the Partition Treaty in 1698, and defended himself most ably before the House, answering the charges seriatim. The impeachment was voted and sent up to the Lords, but was there dismissed. On the death of the King, Somers retired almost entirely into private life.Later life
He was President of the Royal Society from 1698 to 1703. He was, however, active in 1702 in opposing the Occasional Conformity Bill, and in 1706 was one of the managers of the Act of Union 1707. In the same year he carried a bill regulating and improving the proceedings of the law courts. He was made Lord President of the Council in 1708 upon the return of the Whigs to power, and retained the office until their downfall in 1710; while Queen Anne had long detested the Whig Junto, she came to like and admire Somers: Jonathan Swift called him " the perfect courtier"  whose charm and good manners were almost irresistible. He spent his later years at Brookmans Park in Hertfordshire. Somers died on the day the Septennial Bill—which extended the maximum life of parliaments from three years to seven—passed the Commons. A story, possibly apocryphal, goes that Lord Townshend visited Somers during his last illness, with Somers saying to Townshend on his death bed:

I have just heard of the work in which you are engaged, and [I] congratulate you upon it.I never approved the Triennial Bill, and always considered it, in effect, the reverse of what it was intended. You have my hearty approbation of this business, and I think it will be the greatest support possible to the liberty of the country. Somers never married, but left two sisters, of whom the eldest, Mary, married Charles Cocks, whose grandson, Charles became the second Baron Somers in 1784, the title subsequently descending in this line. Legacy

Somers is immortalised in St Stephen's Hall, where he and other notable Parliamentarians look on at visitors to Parliament. In the eighteenth century Somers was hailed as the chief constitutional architect of the Protestant succession. The achievements of Somers and other Whig lawyers defined Whiggism for those living in the reigns of King George I and George II. William Pitt the Elder stated in 1761 that "he learnt his maxims and principles" from "the greatest lawyers, generals and patriots of King William's days: named Lord Somers".For the later eighteenth century Whig politician, Edmund Burke, Somers was of the "Old Whigs" whom he admired against the New Whigs who supported the French Revolution. Burke wrote that: "I never desire to be thought a better whig than Lord Somers". The Whig historian Thomas Macaulay, writing in the nineteenth century, held Somers in high esteem:

...the greatest man among the members of the Junto, and in some respects, the greatest man of that age, was the Lord Keeper Somers. He was equally eminent as a jurist and as a politician, as an orator, and as a writer. His speeches have perished; but his State papers remain, and are models of terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence. He had left a great reputation in the House of Commons, where he had, for four years, been always heard with delight; and the Whig members still looked up to him as their leader, and still held their meetings under his roof. ...In truth, he united all the qualities of a great judge, an intellect comprehensive, quick and acute, diligence, integrity, patience, suavity. In council, the calm wisdom, which he possessed in a measure rarely found among men of parts so quick and of opinions so decided as his, acquired for him the authority of an oracle. ... From the beginning to the end of his public life he was a steady Whig. A fire at the law offices of Charles Yorke in Lincoln's Inn Square on 27 January 1752 destroyed a large amount of Somers's surviving private papers. The Town of Somers, Connecticut was incorporated in 1734 by the General Court of Massachusetts and named for Somers. Notes

References
R. M. Adams, 'In search of <mask>rs', in Perez Zagorin (ed. ), Culture and Politics from Puritanism to the Enlightenment (University of California Press, 1980), pp.165–93. J. C. D. Clark, Reflections on the Revolution in France. A Critical Edition (Stanford University Press, 2001). Stuart Handley, 'Somers,  <mask>, Baron Somers  (1651–1716)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2008, accessed 6 June 2009. Henry Horwitz, Parliament, policy and politics in the reign of William III (Manchester University Press, 1977). Michael Landon, The Triumph of the Lawyers. Their Role in English Politics, 1678–1689 (University of Alabama Press, 1970).Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second. Popular Edition in Two Volumes. (London: Longmans, 1889). William L. Sachse, Lord Somers. A Political Portrait (Manchester University Press, 1975)

Further reading
Richard Cooksey, Essay on the Life and Character of <mask> <mask> (1791). Henry Maddock, Account of the Life and Writings of Lord-Chancellor <mask> (1812). <mask>, Memoirs of the Life of <mask>, Lord Somers (1716).L. G. Schwoerer, The Declaration of Rights, 1689 (1981). External links

1651 births
1716 deaths
People educated at King's School, Worcester
People educated at Queen Mary's Grammar School
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Attorneys General for England and Wales
Barons in the Peerage of England
Peers of England created by William III
Lord Chancellors of England
Lord High Stewards
Lord Presidents of the Council
Members of the Privy Council of England
Presidents of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
English MPs 1689–1690
Members of the Middle Temple
English MPs 1690–1695
Members of the Parliament of England for

masks:
Somers
John Ashton
Somers
Somers
John Trenchard
Baron Some
John
John Lord
Somers
Somers
John Oldmixon
John


title: Hannibal Day

texts:
<mask> (February 15, 1804 – March 26, 1891) served as an officer in the United States Army. His career spanned 46 years, and included the Black Hawk War, Seminole War, Mexican–American War, and American Civil War. One of the oldest officers to serve in the Union Army, <mask> commanded a brigade in the Army of the Potomac and took part in combat at the Battle of Gettysburg. Early life
<mask> was born in Montpelier, Vermont on February 15, 1804, the son of Dr. <mask> (1778-1851), a career United States Army surgeon, and Avis (Bliss<mask> (1780-1859). He was educated in various locations as his father's work took the family from one military post to another. During the War of 1812, <mask> and the garrison of Fort Michilimackinac, Michigan, including <mask>, were taken prisoner by the British Army. The British held the prisoners at Fort Detroit during July and August 1812, then transported them by boat to Fort Erie, Ontario, where they were released on parole while British and American commanders negotiated a prisoner exchange.Later that year, army and United States Navy forces under the command of Jesse Elliott effected a rescue of the prisoners, who were carried by boat from the fort to Elliott's ships on Lake Erie. After the war, <mask> was raised and educated in Vermont. In 1818, he was appointed to the United States Military Academy. Ill health caused him to delay his enrollment until 1819. He graduated in 1823, ranked 23rd in a class of 35. Start of career
<mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry on July 1, 1823 and assigned to the 2nd Infantry Regiment. He remained primarily with the 2nd Infantry until 1862.<mask> served at Fort Brady, Michigan from 1823 to 1828 and on surveying and topographical duty in the Western United States from 1828 to 1831. He served at Fort Niagara, New York and Fort Dearborn, Illinois in 1832 and 1833, and took part in the Black Hawk War. From 1833 to 1836, <mask> was on duty at Hancock Barracks, Maine and he served at Fort Independence, Massachusetts in 1836. He served on recruiting duty at various posts from 1836 to 1838 and took part in the Seminole War of 1838-1839. <mask> became ill in Florida and was on convalescent leave from 1839 to 1841. He returned to Florida in 1841 and remained until 1842. He served with the 2nd Infantry in Buffalo, New York from 1842 to 1845 and Detroit, Michigan from 1845 to 1846.He took part in the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1847, serving with the 2nd Infantry as part of David E. Twiggs' Brigade and participating in battles including Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Moline del Rey and Chapultepec. <mask> served on recruiting duty from 1847 to 1848. He served at Fort Hamilton, New York in 1848, then completed a sea voyage to California between 1848 1849. After arriving in California, <mask> was on frontier duty at Sutterville, California, (1849), Bear Creek, (1849), Camp Far West (1850‑1851), and Benicia (1852‑1853). <mask> served at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri in 1854, then performed frontier duty at Fort Ridgely, Minnesota from 1854 to 1855. He was posted to Fort Ripley, Minnesota from 1855 to 1856. He then served in the Dakota Territory, performing duty at Fort Randall from 1856 to 1858, Fort Laramie from 1859 to 1860, and Fort Abercrombie from 1860 to 1861.American Civil War
<mask> was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U.S. Infantry on February 25, 1861. From August to December 1861 he commanded the 2nd Infantry and was stationed in the Georgetown area of Washington, D.C. He was on recruiting duty from December 1861 to June 1863, and was promoted to commander of the 6th U.S. Infantry as a colonel on June 7, 1862. <mask> joined the Army of the Potomac on June 28, 1863. He served as commander of First Brigade, Second Division, V Corps under Brigadier General Romeyn B. Ayres, which included combat at the Battle of Gettysburg. His brigade sustained several casualties when it was attacked during deployment into the Wheatfield on July 2, 1863. The attack was executed by the brigade of Brigadier General William T. Wofford, and it cost <mask>'s brigade 382 killed and wounded.Afterwards, <mask>'s brigade was combined with that of Sidney Burbank, serving under Burbank in the Bristoe Campaign and the Mine Run Campaign. They were later made part of a brigade under Ayers in General Charles Griffin's First Division, V Corps. <mask> was one of the oldest officers commanding at Gettysburg; only his classmate George S. Greene was older. He was officially retired on August 1, 1863, but recalled for continued service. <mask> left the Army of the Potomac on August 22, 1863 and commanded Fort Hamilton in New York from August 1863 until June 8, 1864. He served on military commissions and courts martial from July 25, 1864 until his final retirement on June 15, 1869. On March 13, 1865, he received promotion to the brevet rank of brigadier general in recognition of his many years of service.Death and burial
<mask> died in Morristown, New Jersey on March 26, 1891. He was buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Leominster, Massachusetts. At the time of his death, he was the third-oldest living West Point graduate, with only Colonel William C. Young (Class of 1822) and Major General George S. Greene (class of 1823) having lived longer. Family
In 1831, <mask> married Anna Maria Houghton (1808-1891), the daughter of Colonel Thomas Houghton and Mary Legate (Chase) Houghton. Their children included:

Sylvester Henry <mask> (1840-1926), who served as postmaster of Carson City, Nevada and adjutant general of the Nevada National Guard
Russell Hamilton <mask> (1845-1882), an Army officer who died at Fort Thornburgh, Utah while on active duty
Murray Simpson <mask> (1845-1878), a United States Navy officer who died at sea. He was married to Anna Mary Greene, the daughter of Major General George S. Greene. Lavinia <mask> (1847-1933), the wife of Army surgeon John Van Rensselaer Hoff

Effective dates of promotion
During his career, <mask> was promoted from second lieutenant to colonel, and received promotion to brigadier general by brevet:

Second lieutenant, July 1, 1823
First lieutenant, April 4, 1832
Captain, July 7, 1838
Major, February 23, 1852
Lieutenant colonel, February 25, 1861
Colonel, January 7, 1862
Brevet brigadier general, March 13, 1865

See also

References

Sources

Books

Internet

Additional reading
 Boatner, Mark M., Civil War Dictionary, New York, D. McKay Co. [1959].Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, . Newell, Clayton R., and Charles R. Shrader, Of Duty Well and Faithfully Done: A History of the Regular Army in the Civil War, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Reese, Timothy J., Sykes' Regular Division 1861-1864, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1990. External links

1804 births
1891 deaths
People from Montpelier, Vermont
People from Morristown, New Jersey
United States Military Academy alumni
Union Army generals
Burials in Massachusetts
Military personnel from New Jersey

masks:
Hannibal Day
Day
Hannibal Day
Sylvester Day
) Day
Sylvester Day
Hannibal Day
Hannibal Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day
Day


title: Harry Hawker

texts:
<mask> MBE, AFC (22 January 1889 – 12 July 1921) was an Australian aviation pioneer. He was the chief test pilot for Sopwith and was also involved in the design of many of their aircraft. After the First World War, he co-founded Hawker Aircraft, the firm that would later be responsible for a long series of successful military aircraft. He died on 12 July 1921 when the aircraft he was to fly in the Aerial Derby crashed in a park at Burnt Oak, Edgware, not far from Hendon Aerodrome. Early life
<mask> was born on 22 January 1889 at Moorabbin, Victoria in Australia, the second son of <mask>, a blacksmith, and Mary Ann Gilliard Anderson. He attended Moorabbin Primary School. As an 11-year-old, he worked at the Melbourne garage of Hall & Warden, helping to build engines for five shillings a week, moving on to the Tarrant Motor & Engineering Co, helping make Tarrant cars, where he qualified as a mechanic.In 1907, he moved again to become the chauffeur and mechanic for Ernest De Little in Caramut, Western Victoria. In 1910 he travelled to Diggers Rest, north-west of Melbourne, to see the first public demonstrations of powered flight made in Australia, and decided to go to England to become involved in aviation, arriving in May 1911. On 14 November 1917, Hawker married Muriel Alice Peaty at St Peter's Church, Ealing. Aviation career
In England, Hawker obtained a job with the Commer Car Company, moving to the Mercedes company in January 1912 and then to Austro Daimler. During this time he spent much of his spare time at Brooklands, then the hub of British aviation, and in June 1912 he got a job as a mechanic for the Sopwith Aviation Company. He soon persuaded Sopwith to teach him to fly, and succeeded in making his first solo flight after only three lessons. He was awarded his Royal Aero Club pilot's licence, No.297, in September 1912 and shortly afterwards, on 24 October, he won the Michelin Cup for flight endurance with a flight lasting 8 hr 23 min. He also appears to have been the first person to perform an intentional spin and recovery, demonstrating in 1914 one method (though generally not the one used today) to return to level flight from this unusual attitude. Because spins had killed several pilots, this was a major advance in aviation safety. Having established his name as an aviator, he became chief test pilot for Tom Sopwith. At Sopwiths in 1916, Hawker had the personal use of a small aircraft, the Sopwith Bee. He was also a regular competitor in motor car and motorcycle races at Brooklands before and after the First World War. Among his competitive achievements were a number of altitude records set in June 1913 He also won a £1,000 consolation prize in the Daily Mail Circuit of Britain Waterplane Race on 25 August 1913.Brief return to Australia
In 1914, <mask> returned to Australia to demonstrate the advanced Sopwith Tabloid, which he had helped design. A wild crowd nearly wrecked the plane on one occasion, and he further damaged it during stunt flying. On his return to England, he continued designing and testing aircraft with Sopwith throughout the First World War. Attempt at first transatlantic flight
After the war, together with navigator Kenneth Mackenzie Grieve, he attempted to win the Daily Mail £10,000 prize for the first flight across the Atlantic in "72 consecutive hours". On 18 May 1919, they set off from Mount Pearl, Newfoundland, in the Sopwith Atlantic biplane. After fourteen and a half hours of flight, the engine overheated and they were forced to change course to intercept the shipping lanes, where they were able to locate a passing freighter, the Danish Mary. The Mary did not have a functioning radio, so that it was not until six days later, when the steamer reached Butt of Lewis, Scotland, that word was received that they were safe.<mask> and Grieve were awarded a consolation prize of £5,000 by the Daily Mail. Hawker later named his second daughter Mary after the ship that had rescued him and Grieve. The Atlantic was found afloat and recovered by the US steamer Lake Charleville. The wheels from the undercarriage, jettisoned soon after takeoff were later recovered by local fishermen and later donated to the Rooms Provincial Museum in St John's. One wheel is currently on display at Admiralty House Communications Museum in Mount Pearl. A new beginning
In September 1920, Sopwith Aviation was liquidated because of fears the government would examine the wartime aircraft production contracts of companies like Sopwith and impose a crippling retrospective tax liability on them. <mask>, Tom Sopwith, Fred Sigrist, and Bill Eyre then formed a new company, each contributing £5,000.To avoid any possible claims against the new company for the wartime contracts of the old company, they chose to call it H.G. Hawker Engineering. (It was renamed Hawker Aircraft in 1933.) As Tom Sopwith put it: to avoid any muddle if we had gone on building aeroplanes and called them Sopwiths—there was bound to be a muddle somewhere—we called the company the Hawker Company. I didn't mind. He was largely responsible for our growth during the war. Death
Hawker was killed on 12 July 1921 when his Nieuport Goshawk crashed while he was climbing away from Hendon Aerodrome while practising for the Aerial Derby."Medical examination led physicians to believe that Hawker had suffered a haemorrage and that he had tried to get back down on the ground." Fire in the air and spinal tuberculosis were considered contributing factors to his death. "The king sent a message of condolence, asserting 'The nation had lost one of its most distinguished airmen.'" Hawker is buried in St Pauls' Church, Hook, Chessington, Surrey. He was survived by his wife, Muriel, and two daughters. Honours
In 1978, he was honoured with a postage stamp depicting his portrait issued by Australia Post. In addition five hundred commemorative First Day Covers were printed, many of which were purchased but children and families attending the Moorabbin School.In 1989, Moorabbin Airport at Mentone in Australia was renamed "Moorabbin (Harry Hawker) Airport"

In 2007, Kingston University London named the extension to their Roehampton Vale Campus the "Hawker Wing". Notes

References

<mask>, Muriel. (1922) H. G<mask>, airman: his life and work, London: Hutchinson & Co.
 Harry Hawker Pioneer Aviator Society Home Page

1889 births
1921 deaths
Australian aviators
Aviators from Melbourne
Australian aerospace engineers
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Australian aviation record holders

masks:
Harry George Hawker
Hawker
George Hawker
Harry Hawker
Hawker
Harry Hawker
Hawker
. Hawker


title: B. Scott

texts:
<mask>, best known as B<mask> (born April 21, 1981 in Franklin, Virginia) is an American television personality, radio show host and internet celebrity who is known for their YouTube videoblogs and their website, LoveBScott.com. They are also a contributing editor to The Glam Network, and an Ebony Magazine advice columnist. <mask>, who is transgender non-binary, has become a popular internet personality through their video blogging and their website. <mask> has interviewed celebrities such as Mariah Carey, Ne-Yo, Chaka Khan, Aubrey O'Day and Ashanti. They have appeared in the mainstream media, making appearances on The Tyra <mask> Show and shows on Oxygen and BET. Early life
<mask> was born in Franklin, Virginia, and was raised in Hertford County, North Carolina, by parents of African-American, Irish, Jewish and Meherrin ancestry. As a teenager, <mask> was selected to attend the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM), a two-year public residential high school for students with a strong aptitude and interest in mathematics and science, located in Durham, North Carolina.After graduating from NCSSM in 1999, they attended University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, came out as gay in their sophomore year. They said in a video blog that they had feelings and were questioning previously but when they were a sophomore pre-med, they got their first romantic kiss from a man and realized they were attracted to men, and that they were using the intense pre-med education to distract themself from their sexuality. They stopped efforts to become a physician from the realization that it was a self-created  distraction. <mask> graduated in 2002 with a B.A. in Psychology. <mask> moved to Washington, DC where they briefly practiced as a licensed realtor in the Capitol Hill area. In June 2005, <mask> moved to Los Angeles, California where they continued their work in real estate and as an interior designer.It was during this time that they began their interest in the entertainment industry, while briefly working in print ads as a fashion model. Video blogging and LoveBScott.com
On January 1, 2007, <mask> launched LoveBScott.com which primarily focuses on five pillars in pop culture: celebrity news, fashion, music, nightlife, and miscellaneous entertainment. The intent is to approach entertainment and celebrity news with a positive spin. The name lovebscott.com was selected in an effort to give their website a readily-identifiable personality with the mission of conveying a positive outlook. In May 2007, B. <mask> started incorporating YouTube videos into their website to personally connect with readers. The videos include personal observations, celebrity news, musical performances, political commentary, interviews and messages of encouragement to the audience. The videos are produced out of their Los Angeles residence.Their YouTube channel has over 90,000 subscribers, and has won numerous awards for viewership and subscriptions. <mask> has won the Best Video Blog by The Black Weblog Awards in 2007 and 2008. In January 2008  <mask> became a YouTube company partner. In 2009, they created The B. <mask> Show, a talk/variety-style internet show that ran concurrent to the original videoblog. Interview subjects included celebrities and important figures in the LGBT community. Interviews are conducted in <mask>'s home and broadcast on both the YouTube channel and the website. Celebrities interviewed have included Ne-Yo, Ashanti, Eva Marcille, LeToya Luckett of Destiny's Child, Mariah Carey, Jordin Sparks, and Chilli (of TLC).<mask>'s YouTube channel has led to recognition from numerous celebrities. Popular blogger Perez Hilton in 2007 named <mask> his "Favorite New YouTuber". In addition, on June 19, 2009, Academy Award winner Jamie Foxx declared on his Sirius Satellite Radio channel "The Foxxhole", "I love B. <mask>. [They're] very attractive. [They look] like a cross between Prince, Rosario Dawson and Lenny Kravitz." This unsolicited acclaim helped open B<mask> to a new level of recognition. Radio
In April 2010, they premiered The B. <mask> Show on Jamie Foxx's channel, The Foxxhole, on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.The premiere guest was former Destiny's Child member, Michelle Williams. The show was broadcast on Monday nights at 9PM ET on Sirius 106 and XM 149. It was announced via Twitter that <mask> would be discontinuing the radio show for personal reasons. Television

In 2010, <mask> appeared on The Tyra <mask> Show as part of the "Ambush Stranger Makeovers segment" and Oxygen (TV channel)'s Hair Battle Spectacular as a guest judge. Prior to these appearances, <mask> was a featured contributor to Extra. <mask> was also featured in "Too Hot to Handle," a 2013 season 2 episode of Chef Roblé & Co. on Bravo. 2013 BET Awards: 106 & Park Pre-Show controversy
In 2013 <mask> served as a red carpet correspondent for Style Stage at the 2013 BET Awards: 106 & Park Pre-Show.They were aired live at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on June 30. Prior to the awards show itself Black Entertainment Television (BET) aired a pre-show with <mask> as the sole style correspondent. They were to have at least 12 one-on-one interview segments scheduled but only completed the first one, and were pulled from the stage in the middle of the second. <mask>, who regularly shares personal and public experiences with their fans, went public with allegations that after the first segment of the show they were pulled backstage and forced "to pull my hair back, asked me to take off my makeup, made me change my clothes and prevented me from wearing a heel." The outfit had been pre-approved, but they were told it was unacceptable. <mask> acquiesced changing into men's clothes but was never put back on air, instead being replaced by singer Adrienne <mask>lon. BET issued a statement that it was a matter of miscommunication and they regret any offense.<mask> dubbed the BET statement as a non-apology. In August 2013 <mask> sued BET and parent company Viacom for discrimination on the basis of gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. They sought $2.5 million in damages. In January 2014 TMZ acquired and released internal emails showing BET executives had corresponded with each other before the show that they did not want <mask> looking like a woman. Network Vice President Rhonda Cowen wrote back that she would "speak to [them] about being less 'womanly.'" After the show another BET executive, Monica Ware, wrote, "Unless we can make public the reason we didn't want [them] dressed the way [they] normally [do], I would stay away from suits, suit selections, etc." Huffington Post also received copies of the emails and confirmed TMZ'''s reporting.In April 2014 BET won the lawsuit when Los Angeles Superior Court judge Yvette Palazuelos determined that BET's rights to control its creative expression through managing the attire of on-screen talent was protected by the First Amendment, and ultimately trumped the discomfort and discrimination <mask> alleged suffering as a result of being forced to change into more traditionally masculine attire. <mask> appealed and reached a settlement of an undisclosed amount with BET in February, 2015. In March 2021, BET announced that <mask> will produce and host a new show on their network, Twenties The After Show. <mask> stated "I am proud to make history as the first trans non-binary person to host and executive produce a show at BET," and "I am in a place of forgiveness and I am honored to help turn the page on the past and be a part of the network's move toward a more inclusive future for everyone." Podcast
In 2015, <mask> launched 'The B. <mask> Show' podcast as a successor to their YouTube series of the same name. According to the show's description, "B<mask>, the ‘Queen of Tea,' serves up the hottest tea in pop culture with lovebscott.com's editor Denver Sean, signature one-on-one interviews and ‘Ask B. <mask>' advice." Other appearances
Since March 2007, <mask> has been hired as a celebrity talent; contributing to several publications and hosting events.On June 7, 2007, <mask> hosted the "White Party" at the Hollywood Black Film Festival in Los Angeles. They also hosted this event in Summer 2008. On April 4, 2008, <mask> kicked off gay Pride month at Yale University. During the festivities they were at the forefront of three events. <mask> hosted a Master's Tea at Yale University's Silliman College, a "Pride Meet and Greet" at Bespoke Restaurant and "After-party" at the Center Street Lounge in New Haven, CT.

On October 19, 2008, <mask> lead a team for the AIDS Walk Los Angeles and hosted the official AIDS Walk Los Angeles afterparty at Eleven Restaurant & Nightclub in West Hollywood. CA. On February 28, 2009, <mask> attended the 14th Annual Black Solidarity Conference at Yale University as a featured panelists on the "Disrobed: An Exposé of Black Sexuality" panel.In early 2010, following their interview with Mariah Carey, <mask> appeared in their video for "Up Out My Face" featuring Nicki Minaj. In March 2010, <mask> was the featured panelist for the first "Out in the Spotlight" panel discussion at Morehouse College. This appearance, hosted by Morehouse's Safe Space LGBT Organization, was the college's first step at creating a bridge to the LGBT community.Bossip.com

 Personal life
In March 2021, <mask> stated "I am a trans non-binary person and I use they/them pronouns. My gender identity, who I am on the inside, doesn't fit the binary labels of 'man' or 'woman'." Awards
In 2014 <mask> was included as part of the Advocate's annual "40 under 40" list. In 2016, <mask> was included in OUT Magazine's OUT 100. The publication wrote, "Multimedia maven and androsexual B<mask> has come into his own in the past year, his cross-platform presence stronger than ever.At the 2013 BET Awards, he was instructed to dress more gender-normative, then plucked from his red-carpet-covering post. It was a slap in the face for the gender-nonconforming pop culture blogger, who was wearing a tunic, heels, and full makeup. But in 2015, he emerged from the subsequent discrimination lawsuit on a higher plane, with his own successful celebrity news and entertainment website, video opportunities, and an undisclosed settlement sum in the bank. Says <mask>, 'I am triumphing.'"'' References

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from Franklin, Virginia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
American gossip columnists
Transgender non-binary people
People from Hertford County, North Carolina
LGBT African Americans
African-American radio personalities
American bloggers
African-American bloggers
American infotainers
LGBT people from North Carolina
LGBT people from Virginia
North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics alumni
Journalists from Virginia
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century African-American writers
20th-century African-American people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Brandon Scott Sems
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Banks
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Banks
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Bai
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott