title: Seth Klarman

texts:
<mask> (born May 21, 1957) is an American billionaire investor, hedge fund manager, and author. He is a proponent of value investing. He is the chief executive and portfolio manager of the Baupost Group, a Boston-based private investment partnership he founded in 1982. He closely follows the investment philosophy of Benjamin Graham and is known for buying unpopular assets while they are undervalued, seeking a margin of safety and profiting from any rise in price. Since his fund's $27 million-dollar inception in 1982, he has realized a 20% compounded return on investment. He manages $27 billion in assets. Forbes lists his personal fortune at US$1.50 billion and he is the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world.In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investor Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame. He has drawn numerous comparisons to fellow value investor Warren Buffett, and akin to Buffett's notation as the "Oracle of Omaha," he is known as the "Oracle of Boston." Early life
<mask> was born on May 21, 1957 in New York City. When he was six, he moved to the Mt. Washington area of Baltimore, Maryland near the Pimlico Race Course. His father, Herbert E<mask>, was a public health economist at Johns Hopkins University and his mother was a psychiatric social worker  His parents divorced shortly after their moving to Baltimore. When he was four years old he redecorated his room to match a retail store putting price tags on all of his belongings and gave an oral presentation to his fifth grade class about the logistics of buying a stock.As he grew older, he had a variety of small time business ventures including a paper route, a snow cone stand, a snow shoveling business, and sold stamp-coin collections on the weekends. When he was 10 years old he purchased his first stock, one share of Johnson & Johnson (the stock split three-for-one and over time tripled his initial investment). His reasoning behind buying a share of Johnson & Johnson that he had used a lot of band-aids (a product of the company) during his earlier years. At age 12 he was regularly calling his broker to get stock quotes. Education
Klarman attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and was interested in majoring in mathematics but instead chose to pursue economics. He graduated magna cum laude in economics with a minor in history in 1979. He was a member of the Delta Chi fraternity.In the summer of his junior year, he interned at the Mutual Shares fund and was introduced to Max Heine and Michael Price. After graduating from college, he went back to the company to work for 18 months before deciding to go to business school. He went on to attend Harvard Business School where he was a Baker Scholar and was classmates with Jeffrey Immelt, Steve Burke, Stephen Mandel, James Long, and Jamie Dimon. Career

Investment

After graduating from business school in 1982, he founded The Baupost Group with Harvard Professor William J. Poorvu and partners Howard H. Stevenson, Jordan Baruch and Isaac Auerbach. The name is an acronym based on the founders' names (the name was decided on before Klarman joined the project). Poorvu asked Klarman and his associates to manage some money he had raised from the selling of his share in a local television station and the fund was started with US$27 million in start up capital. His starting salary was $35,000 a year, considered low to alternative job offers, and he later recalled that the other founders "were taking a big risk on a relatively inexperienced person."Early on in his investment career, he used to badger Goldman Sachs salesmen with so many questions regarding their options and thoughts on the markets that they were afraid to pick up the phone if they saw that Baupost was calling. In February 2008, Klarman was alerted that a London-based hedge fund, Peloton Partners, were forced to liquidate more than a billion dollars worth of their assets, he decided to open up his fund to new investors subsequently raising $4 billion in capital, mainly from large foundations and Ivy League endowments. He believed that there was serious market opportunity for value investors in the coming months and after the collapse of AIG and Lehman Brothers, he invested heavily in the equity markets, sometimes buying  $100 million in stocks and other assets per day. While the market was down due to the aftermath of the crisis he purchased many distressed securities and bonds. By early 2009, after JPMorgan Chase acquired Washington Mutual as a part of their deal with the United States Department of the Treasury, Sallie Mae bonds were returning double digit figures for Baupost. Overall, Klarman's bond position appreciated 25%, however, during the financial crisis, his fund returned -7% to -13%. Although many hedge funds faced negative returns and low performance during the crisis and its aftermath, Klarman saw increased equity positions and described it as a "fortuitous time" for the fund's capital gains.The same year he would go on to buy a minority share in the Boston Red Sox, via a stake in Ed Eskandarian. In 2009, Klarman began buying distressed credits in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007–2008. He purchased the bonds of CIT Group, a financial holding company based in New York City at 65 cents on the dollar with a yield rate of 15%. After the company went into prepared bankruptcy, as Baupost began lending it money via a loan, Carl Icahn gave a loan of $6 billion to the CIT Group but backed out of the deal a week later. This caused the bonds to speed into prepared bankruptcy and gave the Baupost group securities valued at 80 cents to the dollar for their debt in CIT Group. Shortly after the CIT deal was finalized, Klarman amassed a stake in a new bio-tech company called FacetBiotech, at an average cost of $9 a share. At the time, FacetBiotech had $17 a share in net cash.Klarman noted that when stocks are spun off of their larger parent companies they become "cheap and ignored." When Biogen eventually tried a hostile takeover of the company bidding up the price to $14 a share, Abbott Laboratories asked for a $27 per share settlement for acquisition. Klarman's fund finished that year up +27%. As of 2016, the fund had US$31 billion in assets under management. In 2020 <mask>'s largest holding is eBay with a value of US$1.48 billion. Investment philosophy
Klarman is a known proponent of value investing, and has stated that he has known he was one since junior year of college at age 25. During an interview at Harvard Business School, he stated: "It turns out that value investing is something that is in your blood.There are people who just don't have the patience and discipline to do it, and there are people who do. So it leads me to think it's genetic." When asked what drives his fund's overall investment strategy and how value investing fits into the capital markets he replied:

Firstly, Value investing is intellectually elegant. You're basically buying bargains. It also appeals because all the studies demonstrate that it works. People who chase growth, who chase high fliers, inevitably lose because they paid a premium price. They lose to the people who have more patience and more discipline.Third, it's easy to talk in the abstract, but in real life you see situations that are just plain mispriced, where an ignored, neglected, or abhorred company may be just as attractive as others in the same industry. In time, the discount will be corrected, and you will have the wind at your back as a holder of the stock. Klarman has been an avid supporter of the teachings of Benjamin Graham, and during the Financial crisis of 2007–2008 criticized the short-term thinking of other fund managers, he believes that the "this-time-is-different" mindset will give a false sense of security to investors and they ought to look at the bigger picture. He stresses the utility in the economy's business cycles and their predestined and perpetual self-corrective tendency. Klarman is known to sit on 30% to 50% of his funds in cash as to avoid unfavorable market conditions and only buys stocks he thinks have a suitable mispricing. He makes unusual investments, buying unpopular assets while they are undervalued, using complex derivatives, and buying put options. During his first years running Baupost, he made it a point to only invest in companies that were not widely accepted by the Wall Street community; he stressed managing risk and using the margin of safety.He is a very conservative investor, and often holds a significant amount of cash in his investment portfolios, sometimes in excess of 50% of the total. Despite his unconventional strategies, he has consistently achieved high returns. Klarman looks for companies that are traded at a discount (so he can assume shares with a margin of safety). Klarman and his fund usually go "bargain hunting," when companies are distressed or face low growth or declining years. In 2015, when energy stocks were declining, his firm "started looking for deals." According to Institutional Investor, "[Klarman] has succeeded by deftly exploiting under-valued markets whether they are in equities, junk bonds, bankruptcies, foreign bonds or real estate." In a 2011 interview with Charlie Rose, Klarman states he does not use a Bloomberg Terminal (an almost ubiquitous computer system used in major U.S. financial companies to track market data).Klarman stated due to his long-term strategy he is mostly uninterested in daily price fluctuations. Horse Racing

Klarman owns Klaravich Stables Inc. and has been racing horses with William Lawrence since 2006. Their horse, Cloud Computing, won the 2017 Preakness Stakes. In 2019, Klarman and Lawrence won the Outstanding Owner category at the Eclipse Awards, mainly due to the incredible season for their horse Bricks and Mortar. Personal life
Klarman typically keeps a low profile, rarely speaking in public or granting interviews. He lives in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts with his wife, Beth Schultz <mask>, whom he met on a Boston Harbor cruise in 1982; they have three children. His brother, <mask>, is a professor at Harvard Law School.Political and economic views
Klarman has donated to both Democratic and Republican groups and candidates while being registered an independent voter. However, since the election of Donald Trump in 2016, he has donated almost exclusively to Democrats. He has also given extensively to philanthropic causes through the Klarman Family Foundation, which he runs with his wife. The foundation has $700 million in assets as of 2018 and gave away $40 million in 2016. It focuses on pro-democracy initiatives, such as supporting groups that protect journalists, fight against bigotry, and advocate for LGBT rights. Klarman is a major backer of political non-profits such as the Ending Spending Fund and the pro-same-sex marriage American Unity Fund. He has stated: "I'm a complicated guy, I'm fairly nuanced in my views.I'm trying to do what I think is the right thing for the country." In the 2016 presidential election, he gave the maximum donation of $5,400 to Hillary Clinton's campaign, stating that "Donald Trump is completely unqualified for the highest office in the land." After the inauguration of U.S. President Donald Trump, he released a highly circulated (but internal) letter to members of his fund that denounced the upcoming investing climate. The letter states:

Exuberant investors have focused on the potential benefits of stimulative tax cuts, while mostly ignoring the risks from America-first protectionism and the erection of new trade barriers. President Trump may be able to temporarily hold off the sweep of automation and globalization by cajoling companies to keep jobs at home, but bolstering inefficient and uncompetitive enterprises is likely to only temporarily stave off market forces. Although Klarman gave $2.9 million to Republican candidates in 2016, he told The New York Times in September 2018, "One of the reasons I’m willing to come out of my shell and talk to you is because I think democracy is at stake, and maybe I’ll be able to convince some other people of that, and get them to support Democrats in 2018." <mask>, who was previously one of the biggest donors to the Republican Party in New England, told the Times in September, 2018, that he had already contributed almost $5 million to nearly 150 candidates, including Representative Joe Kennedy III, Senate candidate Representative Beto O’Rourke and Senator Kirsten Gillibrand.<mask> is a registered Independent who reasoned, "We need to turn the House and Senate as a check on Donald Trump and his runaway presidency." He commented that he feels "betrayed" by "spineless" Republicans who have been "profiles in cowardice," and believes the only option is to "act as a check and balance." Pro-Israel affiliation
<mask> is co-founder and chairman of Israel-based The Times of Israel. According to the Mondoweiss website, Klarman has supported many neoconservative Israel lobby organizations, including the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Israel Project, Birthright Israel and Middle East Forum. Wealth
Forbes lists his personal fortune at US$1.5 billion and is the 15th highest earning hedge fund manager in the world. Philanthropy
Klarman started The Klarman Family Foundation ($255 million in assets as of 2010) which donates to medical causes, Jewish organizations (such as the American Jewish Committee, Boston's Combined Jewish Philanthropies and Gann Academy), and Israeli causes. Klarman is the chairman of Facing History and Ourselves which develops classroom programs to combat anti-Semitism and bigotry.<mask> also is active with the Israel Project, a pro-Israel advocacy group that collects and provides information on Israel for journalists. He donated $4 million to the organization between 2008 and 2010. He is the key U.S. investor behind The Times of Israel, an online English-language newspaper which reports on Israel, the region and the Jewish world. In 2013, Klarman donated the lead capital to fund the $61 million building at Cornell University named the Seth '79 and Beth Klarman Humanities Building, more simply known as Klarman Hall. A year later, he donated money to Harvard Business School to construct a "conference center/auditorium and performance space," named Klarman Hall. It opened in 2018. In 2019, Cornell University announced that Klarman had donated significant funds to help establish a new postdoctoral fellowship program at the school, the Klarman Fellowships.Awards
Klarman has been called a "hedge fund titan," and a "quiet giant of investing," for his slow accumulation of fund capital over his career (in 2008, his hedge fund was the 6th largest in the world) and low profile. It was reported by Andrew Ross Sorkin, of The New York Times, that "[Klarman] is the most successful and influential investor you have probably never heard of." His Investopedia entry has him listed as "an enigma in the investing world." He is sometimes called "the Warren Buffett of his generation," and the "Oracle of Boston." According to The New York Times, Buffett has publicly praised Klarman's investing, and it has been reported that Buffett keeps a copy of his book on his bookshelf. In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Leon Levy, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones and Steven A. Cohen. Publications and works
Klarman has written many annual letters to shareholders but has kept a limited role in writing articles, op-eds or books.In 1991, Klarman published his only book, Margin of Safety, Risk Averse Investing Strategies for the Thoughtful Investor (1991), a reflection of value investing found in his hedge fund. In the book, he outlines the various issues with retail investing, and critiques small time investors getting into the market purely using metrics such as share price momentum and losing money in the long run. He issues that this is speculation and at times gambling, and should be discouraged in the marketplace. The book asserts that more people should follow the principles of value investing or people who invest in stocks that trade below their underlying value so as to purchase them at a discount. The book had amassed a cult following. Due to "only 5,000 copies [being sold]," the book is out of print and has become a relic in the finance community. Originally the book was priced at $25 a copy, however, due to it being out of print, it has a market price of $700 for used versions with newer copies going for $2,500 to $4,000.University libraries report the book as "one of their most wait-listed titles as well as one most claimed as lost." Klarman has thought of bringing the book back, but only for a charity event. He edited the 6th edition of Benjamin Graham and David Dodd's Security Analysis in 2008. See also
 List of Cornell University alumni
 List of Harvard University people
 Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger, fellow value investors

References

Further reading
 The Value of <mask>man by Stephen Taub for Institutional Investor
 <mask>man Shows Real Danger With ETF by Lisa Abramowicz for BloombergGladify

External links
<mask>man at Forbes

1957 births
American billionaires
Jewish American philanthropists
Baltimore Polytechnic Institute alumni
Cornell University alumni
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists
Harvard Business School alumni
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
American hedge fund managers
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Seth Andrew Klarman
Klarman
. Klarman
Seth Klarman
Klarman
Michael Klarman
Klarman
Klarman
Klarman
Klarman
Seth Klar
Seth Klar
Seth Klar


title: Zhang Fei

type: original

texts:
<mask> () (died July or August 221 AD), courtesy name Yide, was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. <mask> and Guan Yu, who were among the earliest to join Liu Bei, shared a brotherly relationship with their lord and accompanied him on most of his early exploits. <mask> fought in various battles on Liu Bei's side, including the Red Cliffs campaign (208–209), takeover of Yi Province (212–214), and Hanzhong Campaign (217–218). He was assassinated by his subordinates in 221 after serving for only a few months in the state of Shu Han, which was founded by Liu Bei earlier that year. <mask> is one of the major characters in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which dramatises and romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. In the novel, <mask> became sworn brothers with Liu Bei and Guan Yu in the fictional Oath of the Peach Garden at the start of the novel and remained faithful to their oath until his death. Early career
<mask> was from Zhuo Commandery.In the 180s, towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty, he and Guan Yu became Liu Bei's followers. As Guan Yu was several years older than <mask>, <mask> regarded him as an elder brother. When Liu Bei was later appointed as the Chancellor of Pingyuan State () by the Han central government, <mask> and Guan Yu served as Majors of Separate Command () under him. The three of them shared a brotherly-like relationship, to the point of sharing the same room. <mask> and Guan Yu also stood guard beside Liu Bei when he sat down at meetings. They followed him on his exploits and protected him from danger. Conflict between Liu Bei and Lü Bu
In 194, Liu Bei succeeded Tao Qian as the Governor of Xu Province.The following year, he led his forces to Huaiyin County, to counter an invasion by Yuan Shu. During this time, he left <mask> behind to guard Xiapi, the capital of Xu Province. <mask>i wanted to kill Cao Bao, a former officer under Tao Qian, for reasons unknown. Cao Bao fled back to his own camp and set up defences while sending a messenger to request aid from Lü Bu, another warlord who was taking shelter under Liu Bei at the time. Lü Bu led his forces to attack Xiapi and succeeded in seizing control of Xiapi. <mask> fled after losing Xiapi to Lü Bu. Liu Bei returned to Xu Province, which was now under Lü Bu's control, and reluctantly accepted Lü Bu's offer to move to Xiaopei while Lü Bu remained in Xiapi.Tensions between Liu Bei and Lü Bu increased until the point of conflict. Liu Bei sought help from Cao Cao, a warlord who controlled the Han central government. Cao Cao and Liu Bei combined forces and defeated Lü Bu at the Battle of Xiapi in 198, after which they returned to the imperial capital Xu together. In Xu, <mask>i was appointed as a General of the Household (). Roaming the land with Liu Bei
In 199, Liu Bei pretended to volunteer to lead an army to attack Yuan Shu, and used that opportunity to leave Xu and escape from Cao Cao's watch. He headed to Xu Province, killed Che Zhou, the provincial governor appointed by Cao Cao, and seized control of Xiapi again. The following year, Cao Cao personally led his forces to attack Liu Bei, defeated him, and took back control of Xu Province.After his defeat, Liu Bei fled to Ji Province, where he took refuge under Cao Cao's rival, Yuan Shao. Liu Bei later left Yuan Shao by pretending to help Yuan Shao gain support from local rebels in Runan in his war against Cao Cao. He eventually found shelter under Liu Biao, the Governor of Jing Province. Liu Biao put him in charge of Xinye County on the northern border of Jing Province. It is not known whether <mask>i followed Liu Bei to join Yuan Shao after Liu Bei's defeat in Xu Province, or whether he, like Guan Yu, was separated from Liu Bei during that period of time. Red Cliffs campaign

Battle of Changban

In 208, following Liu Biao's death, Cao Cao launched a military campaign aimed at wiping out opposing forces in Jing Province and the Jiangdong (or Wu) region. In the meantime, Liu Bei evacuated Xinye County and led his followers towards Xiakou, which was controlled by Liu Biao's elder son, Liu Qi.Cao Cao was worried that Liu Bei would occupy Jiangling County, which was abundant in military resources, before he did. He immediately ordered his troops to leave behind their heavy equipment and baggage, and move swiftly to Xiangyang. When Cao Cao reached Xiangyang, Liu Biao's younger son and successor, Liu Cong, surrendered to him without putting up resistance. After learning that Liu Bei had already passed by Xiangyang, Cao Cao personally led a 5,000-strong elite cavalry force to pursue Liu Bei. After travelling over 300 li in just one day and one night, Cao Cao and his riders caught up with Liu Bei at Changban and attacked him. During the battle, Liu Bei abandoned his family and fled, with only Zhuge Liang, <mask>, Zhao Yun and a small number of soldiers accompanying him. Cao Cao's forces captured many of Liu Bei's followers and his equipment.<mask> led 20 horsemen to cover Liu Bei's retreat. After destroying a bridge, he stood guard at one end (facing the enemy), brandished his spear, glared at the enemy and shouted: "I'm <mask>. You can come forth and fight me to the death!" Cao Cao's soldiers were all afraid and did not dare to approach him. Liu Bei and his followers were hence able to retreat safely. Battle of Red Cliffs and after

In 208, Liu Bei and Sun Quan combined forces and defeated Cao Cao at the decisive Battle of Red Cliffs. Liu Bei later took control of southern Jing Province, with his headquarters at Nan Commandery and Gong'an County.<mask> was appointed General Who Attacks Barbarians () and Administrator () of Yidu Commandery. He was also enfeoffed as the Marquis of Xin Village (). He was later reassigned to serve as the Administrator of Nan Commandery. Yi Province campaign

Earlier defence of Jing Province
In 211, Liu Bei led an army to Yi Province to assist the governor <mask> in countering the advances of a rival warlord, <mask> of Hanzhong Commandery. He left <mask> and others behind to guard Jing Province in his absence. Earlier in 209, Liu Bei married Sun Quan's younger sister Lady Sun to strengthen the alliance between him and Sun Quan. Because of her brother's strong influence, Lady Sun was arrogant and she allowed her close aides to behave lawlessly.Even Liu Bei was afraid of her. When Sun Quan heard that Liu Bei had left for Yi Province, he sent a vessel to Jing Province to fetch his sister home. Lady Sun attempted to bring along Liu Bei's son Liu Shan with her, but <mask> and Zhao Yun led their men to stop her and managed to retrieve Liu Shan. Conquest of Yi Province
Around 212, relations between Liu Bei and <mask> deteriorated to the point of conflict, when Liu Bei started a campaign aimed at seizing Yi Province from <mask>. Liu Bei ordered Zhuge Liang, Zhao Yun, <mask> and others to lead reinforcements into Yi Province to help him, while Guan Yu remained behind to defend Jing Province. Along the way, <mask>i attacked Jiangzhou, which was defended by Yan Yan, a military officer serving under <mask>. He defeated Yan Yan and captured him alive.<mask> asked Yan Yan: "When my army showed up, why did you put up resistance instead of surrendering?" Yan Yan replied: "You people launched an unwarranted attack on my home province. There may be generals in my province who will lose their heads, but there are none who will surrender." <mask> was enraged and he ordered Yan Yan's execution. An expressionless Yan Yan asked: "If you want to chop off my head, then do it! What's with that outburst of anger?" <mask> was so impressed with Yan Yan's courage that he released him and treated him like an honoured guest.<mask>'s army then proceeded to break through <mask>'s defences until they reached Chengdu (Yi Province's capital), where they rendezvoused with Liu Bei and the others. In 214, <mask> surrendered and yielded Yi Province to Liu Bei. Liu Bei rewarded Zhuge Liang, Fa Zheng, <mask> and Guan Yu each with 500 jin of gold, 1,000 jin of silver, 50 million coins and 1,000 rolls of silk. <mask> was also appointed as the Administrator () of Baxi Commandery. Hanzhong Campaign

Battle of Baxi

In around 215, Cao Cao attacked and defeated <mask>, after which Hanzhong Commandery came under his control. Cao Cao left Xiahou Yuan, <mask> and others behind to defend Hanzhong while he returned to Ye. During that time, <mask> led his forces to attack Baxi Commandery with the aim of forcing Baxi's residents to relocate to Hanzhong Commandery.His army passed through Dangqu (), Mengtou () and Dangshi () counties, and encountered <mask>'s troops. Both sides held their positions for over 50 days, after which <mask> led about 10,000 elite soldiers and took an alternative route to attack <mask>. As the mountain paths were very narrow and inaccessible, <mask>'s army was effectively divided into two because the troops at the front and the rear were unable to contact and assist each other, resulting in a victory for <mask>. <mask> and about ten of his men escaped on foot through a shortcut and retreated back to Nanzheng. Peace was restored in Baxi Commandery. Conquest of Hanzhong

In 217, Liu Bei mobilised his forces and personally led a campaign to seize control of

masks:
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Yide
Zhang Fei
Liu Zhang
Zhang Lu
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Liu Zhang
Liu Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Liu Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Liu Zhang
Liu Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Lu
Zhang He
Zhang He
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang He
Zhang He
Zhang Fei
Zhang He


title: Zhang Fei

texts:
 Hanzhong Commandery from Cao Cao. He ordered <mask> and Ma Chao to supervise Wu Lan (), Lei Tong () and Ren Kui () to attack Wudu Commandery, which was defended by Cao Hong.<mask> attempted to trick Cao Hong into believing that they were planning to seal his retreat route, but Cao Xiu saw through the ruse, and Wu Lan suffered a major defeat which absolved <mask> from continuing the campaign– Lei Tong and Ren Kui were killed in action while Wu Lan fled to Yinping Commandery (陰平郡) and was killed by a Di chieftain, Qiangduan (). In 219, Liu Bei emerged victorious in the Hanzhong Campaign and proclaimed himself "King of Hanzhong" (). He appointed <mask> as General of the Right (). Liu Bei later planned to return to Chengdu and he wanted to leave a veteran general behind to guard Hanzhong. Many people believed that <mask> would receive this responsibility and even <mask> himself thought so too. However, to everyone's surprise, Liu Bei chose Wei Yan instead and appointed him as the Administrator of Hanzhong. Service in Shu Han
In 221, Liu Bei declared himself emperor and founded the state of Shu Han.He promoted <mask> to General of Chariots and Cavalry () and Colonel-Director of Retainers (), and enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Xi District (). Liu Bei sent an imperial edict to <mask> as follows:

Death

Earlier in late 219, Sun Quan broke his alliance with Liu Bei and sent his general Lü Meng to lead an invasion of Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province, which resulted in the death of Guan Yu. Around July or August 221, Liu Bei launched a campaign against Sun Quan to take revenge and seize back his territories in Jing Province. <mask> was ordered to lead 10,000 troops from Langzhong to rendezvous with Liu Bei's main force at Jiangzhou. During the mobilisation, <mask>'s subordinates Fan Qiang () and <mask> () assassinated their commander, decapitated the corpse, and brought the head along with them as they defected to Sun Quan's side. When Liu Bei heard that <mask>'s adjutant had sent him a report, he exclaimed: "Oh! (<mask>) <mask> is dead."In October or November 260, Liu Bei's son and successor Liu Shan granted <mask> the posthumous name "Marquis Huan" (). Family and descendants
In the year 200, <mask> chanced upon Xiahou Yuan's niece while she was out gathering firewood and abducted her. She was around 13 years old at the time. <mask> knew that she was of good upbringing, so he married her. She bore him two daughters, who both later married Liu Shan and became known as Empress Jing'ai of the state of Shu. Empress Jing'ai had a younger sister who also married Liu Shan and was known as Empress <mask>. <mask>'s eldest son, <mask>, died at a young age.<mask>'s son, <mask> (), served as a Master of Writing (). In 263, during the Conquest of Shu by Wei, he followed Zhuge Zhan to defend Mianzhu from the Wei general Deng Ai but was killed in action. <mask>'s second son, <mask> (), inherited his father's marquis title and served as a Palace Attendant () and Supervisor of the Masters of Writing () in Shu. In 263, the Shu emperor Liu Shan ordered <mask>, Qiao Zhou and Deng Liang () to represent him when he officially surrendered to Deng Ai and brought an end to the Shu regime. After the fall of Shu, <mask> accompanied Liu Shan to the Wei capital Luoyang, where he was enfeoffed as a marquis along with other former Shu officials. Appraisal

Chen Shou, who wrote <mask>'s biography in the Sanguozhi, commented on the latter as follows: "Guan Yu and <mask> were praised as mighty warriors capable of fighting thousands of enemies. They were like tigers among (Liu Bei's) subjects.Guan Yu and <mask> both had the style of a guoshi. Guan Yu repaid Cao Cao's kindness while <mask>i released Yan Yan out of righteousness. However, Guan Yu was unrelenting and conceited while <mask>i was brutal and heartless. These shortcomings resulted in their downfalls. This was not something uncommon." Cheng Yu, an adviser to Cao Cao, also once mentioned that Guan Yu and <mask> were "capable of fighting thousands of enemies". In the main text of <mask>'s biography, Chen Shou wrote that <mask>i respected virtuous persons and detested those of vile character.Liu Bei had constantly warned <mask>i about his barbaric behaviour as he once told the latter: "You have dealt out far too excessive punishments. You often flog your men, who are actually the ones who will carry out your orders. Your behaviour will get you into trouble." <mask>i still did not change his ways. Both Guan Yu and <mask> had a prominent reputation during their lifetimes as great warriors. To the point that eminent officials from other kingdoms such as Guo Jia and Zhou Yu directly referred to them as warriors who are a match for ten thousand men (萬人敵) and generals with the might of bears and tigers. Such was the extent of their fames.The Australian sinologist Rafe de Crespigny commented: "There are anecdotes describing <mask> as a man of literary tastes who composed verse in the midst of battle, but he is more generally known as arrogant, impetuous and brutal. While Guan Yu was said to be harsh towards men of the gentry but treated his soldiers well, <mask>i was courteous towards the virtuous but cruel to his rank and file. The two men were nonetheless regarded as the finest fighting men of their lifetime." In Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, <mask>'s physical appearance was described in the following: eight spans tall (身高八尺), had a head of a panther's and huge round eyes (豹頭環眼), a swallow's jowls and a tiger's beard(燕頷虎鬚)，a voice like thunder and a stance of a dashing horse (聲若巨雷 勢如奔馬). <mask>'s courtesy name is written as 翼德 in Chinese instead of 益德, but both names have the same pronunciation in Mandarin. <mask> was also described to be an alcoholic, and his obsession with alcohol caused his judgment to be affected from time to time. Throughout the novel, <mask> was shown as an exceedingly loyal and formidable warrior, but also a short-tempered man, who often got into trouble more often when he was not on the battlefield.His weapon was a "1.8 zhang long refined steel spear" (), which was also called a "1.8 zhang long serpent spear" (), meaning "spear as long as a 1.8 zhang serpent" or later "1.8 zhang spear with serpent-shaped head". See the following for some fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms involving <mask>i:

 Oath of the Peach Garden
 List of fictitious stories in Romance of the Three Kingdoms#<mask>i thrashes the imperial inspector
 Battle of Hulao Pass
 Battle of Changban#In fiction
 Battle of Jiameng Pass

In popular culture

<mask> sometimes appears as a door god in Chinese and Taoist temples, partnered with Guan Yu. <mask> appears on the Kunqu stage as a hualian. In one particular famous scene, The Swaying Reeds, <mask>i ambushes and humiliates Zhou Yu before setting him free. <mask>, a general in the National Revolutionary Army, was nicknamed "<mask>". In 1959, Peng Dehuai, a marshal of the People's Liberation Army, identified himself with <mask>. Because Mao Zedong was popularly associated with Cao Cao, Mao and other members of the Chinese Communist Party interpreted Peng's identification with <mask> as confrontational, eventually leading to Mao ending Peng's career.Notable actors who have portrayed <mask> in films and television series include: Li Jingfei in Romance of the Three Kingdoms (1994); Chen Zhihui in Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon (2008); Zang Jinsheng in Red Cliff (2008–09); Kang Kai in Three Kingdoms (2010); Justin Cheung in Dynasty Warriors (2019). <mask> is featured as a playable character in all instalments of Koei's Dynasty Warriors video game series, as well as Warriors Orochi, a crossover between Dynasty Warriors and Samurai Warriors. He also appears in other video games produced by Koei, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Dynasty Tactics and Kessen II. Other non-Koei titles that he is featured in include Heroes Evolved, Clash of Kingdoms, Three Kingdoms: Fate of the Dragon, Destiny of an Emperor and Koihime Musō. The creative nonfiction travel essay 'Facing <mask>: Hero or Villain or Man' featured in The Bangalore Review (April 2020). The narrative follows the movements of Australian writer Dean Kerrison in the ancient town Langzhong, Sichuan, which <mask>i governed and died in. The piece mixes insights of contemporary Chinese culture, critique relating to <mask> and the Three Kingdoms period, and the theme of heroism including relevant personal anecdotes.In the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering, there is a card named "<mask>i, Fierce Warrior" in the Portal Three Kingdoms set. The Pokémon Emboar was based on <mask>i. See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi). Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). Pei, Songzhi (5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu). Year of birth unknown
2nd-century births
221 deaths
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Chinese gods
Deified Chinese people
Generals under Liu Bei
Han dynasty generals from Hebei
Han dynasty politicians from Hebei
Officials under Liu Bei
Political office-holders in Hubei
Political office-holders in Sichuan
Politicians from Baoding
Shu Han

masks:
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Da
Zhang Fei
Zhang
Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Bao
Zhang Bao
Zhang Zun
Zhang Fei
Zhang Shao
Zhang Shao
Zhang Shao
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fakui
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fei
Zhang Fe
Zhang Fe


title: Pablo Bartholomew

texts:
<mask> (born 1955) is an Indian photojournalist and an independent photographer based in New Delhi, India. He is noted for his photography, as an educator running photography workshops, and as manager of MediaWeb, a software company specialising in photo database solutions and server-based digital archiving systems. He was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2013. In 2014, he received the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. Early life and education
The older of two siblings, <mask> was born on 18 December 1955 in New Delhi, India. His father, <mask> (1926–1985) was a Burmese refugee who settled in the Indian capital and who came to be one of the country's leading art critics, as well as a painter, poet, and photographer. His mother, Rati Batra, a Partition refugee, was a well-known theatre activist and one of the founding members of Yatrik, a theatre company established in 1964.<mask> studied at Modern School, where his father taught English. He abandoned his schooling in Class Nine, adopting the camera instead. In his early teens he photographed his family, friends, people, and cities. He participated in the city’s emerging theatre scene and even produced, in the ’70s, a series of events called “Thru Pablo’s Eyes” which was based on rock music accompanied with slide and film projection and live performers. To make ends meet, and to finance his photo documentary projects, he worked in advertising and as a stills photographer, most notably on the sets of Satyajit Ray's Shatranj ke Khilari (1977) and Richard Attenborough's 1982-film, Gandhi. In 1975, he was awarded First Prize by World Press Photo for his series "Time is the mercy of eternity," on morphine addicts in India titled Time is the Mercy of Eternity. Photojournalism
From 1984 until 2000, <mask> was represented by the French-American news photo agency, Gamma Liaison  during which time he primarily covered conflicts and developments in the South Asian region.His photographs were published in New York Times, Newsweek, Time, Business Week, National Geographic, GEO, Der Spiegel, Figaro, Paris Match, The Telegraph, The Sunday Times Magazine, The Guardian, and Observer Magazine, among others. He covered the Bhopal disaster, the funeral of Indira Gandhi and aftermath of her assassination—the Hindu-Sikh riots, the rise of the Khalistani movement, the political career of Rajiv Gandhi, the funeral of Mother Teresa, the cyclones in Bangladesh, the Nellie conflict in Assam, and the demolition of the Babri Masjid, which almost got him killed; among many other news stories. He was awarded the World Press Photo of the Year in 1985 for his now iconic image of a half-buried child victim of the Bhopal disaster. Photography career
<mask> had his first photography lessons at home, in his father’s darkroom. “When we went to our summerhouse, I would be with him in the darkroom, looking at the images emerging in the developing tray. That was pure magic. He didn’t teach me anything specific about photography.What I took from him was the need to be a more sophisticated man—a Renaissance man, like him—whom I’m not,” said <mask> in an interview with photography website, Invisible Photographer Asia. During his teenage years, he started photographing his family and friends and life on the streets, including the worlds of the marginalised rag pickers, sex workers, beggars, and eunuchs. He first exhibited photographs from this body of work at Art Heritage Gallery, New Delhi, in 1979, and at the Jehangir Art Gallery, Bombay, in 1980. In July 2007, Outside In: A Tale of Three Cities, a retrospective revisiting of the same archive of photographs from his teenage diary, shot in Bombay, Delhi, and Calcutta, was shown at Rencontres d’Arles. In 2008, the show travelled to the National Museum, New Delhi, the National Gallery of Modern Art, Mumbai, Bodhi Art, New York, and in 2009, to Bodhi Berlin. The display of the series at Chobimela VII in Dhaka in January 2013 marked its 12th showing. He has held a number of fellowships, including one from the Asian Cultural Council, New York (1987), to photograph Indian immigrants in the USA, and one from the Institute of Comparative Studies in Human Culture, Norway (1995), to photograph the Naga tribes in India.Between 2001 and 2003 he ran a photography workshop for emerging photographers in India with the support of the World Press Photo Foundation in Amsterdam. Among his photo essays are "The Chinese in Calcutta," "The Indians in America," and "The Naga Tribes of Northeast India". Awards

 World Press Photo award for his series on morphine addicts in India (1975)
 World Press Photo of the Year (1985) for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, where he shot an iconic picture of a little girl being buried. Padma Shri Award 2014
 Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, 2014

Photo Exhibitions and shows

<mask>'s earliest solo exhibitions, in New Delhi in 1980 and Bombay in 1981, dealt with the marginal worlds he inhabited at that time. In 2005 he exhibited at Month of Photography in Tokyo. In 2007 he exhibited at the Rencontres d’Arles photography festival in France, and Newark Museum's Indian Photography and Video Festival. References

External links

 Netphotograph, Online archive of photos
 Teenage Work "OUTSIDE IN, 70s & 80s, A tale of 3 cities"
 The Indian Emigre project
 World Press Photo winner 1976 Morphine addicts series
 Bhopal Gas Tragedy 1984
 Mother Teresa – A photo tribute
 Nagas-Marked with beauty
 The Haidas on National Geographic
 Digital Camera interview
 Related exhibition site of <mask>
 Listing of awards on the World Press Photo Website

Asian Cultural Council grantees
1955 births
Living people
Indian photojournalists
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
People from New Delhi
Indian people of Burmese descent
20th-century Indian photographers
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Indian male journalists
20th-century Indian journalists
Photographers from Delhi
Bhopal disaster

masks:
Pablo Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Richard Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Bartholomew
Richard Bartholomew


title: Lynne Featherstone

texts:
<mask>, Baroness Featherstone,  (née Ryness; born 20 December 1951) is a British politician, businesswoman and Liberal Democrat member of the House of Lords. Prior to entering politics, <mask> was a successful businesswoman running the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in London and owning and running a London design company. A Member of the London Assembly (MLA) from 2000 to 2005, she was Member of Parliament (MP) for Hornsey and Wood Green between 2005 and 2015, before being nominated for a peerage in the Dissolution Peerages List 2015. She was created Baroness <mask>, of Highgate in the London Borough of Haringey on 20 October. Under the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition in 2010 she was appointed as a Home Office Minister with responsibility for criminal information and equalities, before being promoted, in 2012, Minister with responsibility for International Development. Previously she was Liberal Democrat spokesman for Youth and Equality issues, and chair of the Liberal Democrats technology board. As originator and architect of the same sex marriage law during the coalition, <mask> launched the consultation by the UK Government on introducing same-sex marriage and was the first politician to take part in the Out4Marriage campaign, and returned to the Home Office as Minister of State in November 2014.Early life
<mask> was born and brought up in North London, and educated at Highgate Primary School, the independent South Hampstead High School (then a direct grant grammar school) and gained a Diploma in Communication and Design at Oxford Polytechnic. Her family business started by her parents was the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in London. The business was sold over a decade ago. Business career
Prior to entering politics, <mask> was a successful businesswoman running the Ryness chain of lighting and electrical shops in London and owning and running a London design company. Councillor for London Borough of Haringey 1998–2006
In 1998, <mask> was elected a Councillor for the London Borough of Haringey representing Muswell Hill Ward. She and her two colleagues (June Andersen and Julia Glenn) were the first three Liberal Democrats to be elected borough councillors. She became Leader of the Liberal Democrat Group (and thereby Opposition Leader) on the Council 1998–2003.Although she stood down from Haringey Council before the May 2006 elections, <mask> influenced the 2006 local elections in Haringey where Labour's majority was cut from 25 to 3, with 30 Labour Councillors elected to 27 Liberal Democrats. Member of the London Assembly 2000–2005
From 2000 until 2005, <mask> was a Member of the London Assembly; during this time, she was Chair of the London Assembly Transport Committee. She was also a member of the Metropolitan Police Authority for all five years she was on the London Assembly. She was replaced as MLA by Geoff Pope. <mask> was promoted by some as a potential Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London in the 2008 election. In response to a poll on the Liberal Democrat Voice website, she ruled herself out, stating that, of the other people in the poll, she would back Brian Paddick. Member of Parliament

<mask> first contested the Hornsey and Wood Green seat at the 1997 general election where she finished in third place some 25,998 votes behind the winner Barbara Roche.She again fought Hornsey and Wood Green at the 2001 general election, moving into second place and reducing Roche's majority to 10,614. In one of the largest swings at the 2005 general election, <mask> defeated Roche with a majority of 2,395 votes. She made her maiden speech in Parliament on 24 May 2005. She was appointed as a LibDem junior Home Affairs spokesperson by Charles Kennedy in 2005, and to the environment audit select committee. She was co-chair of Chris Huhne's unsuccessful campaign to be leader of the Liberal Democrats following the resignation of Kennedy in January 2006. In March, following the election of Menzies Campbell as party leader, she was promoted to number two in the Liberal Democrat home affairs team and made London spokesperson. In December 2006, she succeeded Susan Kramer as the Liberal Democrat Shadow International Development Secretary, and two months later was succeeded by Tom Brake as London spokesperson.In 2007, following the resignation of Sir Menzies Campbell, she again chaired Chris Huhne's leadership election campaign. On 20 December 2007 the new Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg, who defeated Chris Huhne, made her Youth and Equalities spokesperson. On 5 February 2013, Featherstone voted in favour in the House of Commons Second Reading vote on same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom, the bill which she spearheaded  as Minister of State at the Home Office and was passed through the Commons despite Conservative backbench MP resistance. She was given a score of 93% in favour of lesbian, gay and bisexual equality by Stonewall. In the 2015 general election, she lost her seat to Labour's Catherine West. Aftermath of death of Peter Connelly
Following the death of her constituent, 17-month-old Peter Connelly, Haringey Council initiated an internal audit Serious Case Review (SCR). Although the actual report was completed months earlier, the Executive Summary of the report was released immediately after the resulting court case had completed.The full details of the report have been kept confidential. <mask> had been particularly critical of Haringey Council, writing "I personally met with George Meehan and Ita O'Donovan – Haringey Council's Leader and Chief Executive – to raise with them three different cases, where the pattern was in each case Haringey seeming to want to blame anyone who complained rather than to look at the complaint seriously. I was promised action – but despite repeated subsequent requests for news on progress – I was just stonewalled." In November 2008, at Prime Minister's Questions, <mask> asked the  Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, to order an enquiry into the Connelly case. Media attention
In April 2006, one of <mask>'s researchers received a hoax email warning about an apparent date rape drug called Progesterex. <mask> submitted a written question to the Labour Government Minister enquiring as to "what assessment he has made of the use of Progesterex in cases of date rape". Paul Goggins's reply to the House of Commons was that Progesterex did not exist: "It has been the subject of a hoax e-mail", he answered.The hoax first originated in 1999. <mask> criticised the Minister's response, stating "they need to do more to discover the unearthly monster who sends them out" and that "their cavalier attitude will not do". However, critics such as fellow Liberal Democrat James Graham castigated Featherstone's conduct in "criticising the Home Office for not having a response to made up drugs and made up crimes", stating "trivialising rape in this way without bothering to do basic research first doesn't help anybody". She came to the attention of the national media in 2008 when she was criticised by Conservative Member of the London Assembly Brian Coleman for calling 999 (the UK's emergency number) when her boiler began making noises and sparking. Coleman referred to her as a "dizzy airhead", Featherstone responded by calling his comments "sexist" and "political" in nature. A London Fire Brigade spokeswoman told BBC News: "If it's obvious that there has been an ongoing problem with the boiler, then you can call a plumber. But if your boiler suddenly starts making strange noises in the middle of the night, call the fire brigade."In January 2013, she tweeted that John Mulholland, editor of The Observer, should have been sacked for publishing a "rant against the transgender community" in Julie Burchill's column which she described as "bigoted vomit", receiving a backlash as a result. <mask> has expressed intentions to ban topless models from appearing on The Sun newspaper's Page 3, stating "I would love to take on Page 3". Expenses
In April 2007, an employee in <mask>'s office over-ordered stationery reportedly worth over £22,000 in one month. On being alerted to the over-ordering, <mask> returned all of the items involved. In a subsequent interview when challenged on the matter Featherstone responded "If I wasn't replying to people and telling them what's happened about the casework they have brought to me, there would soon be howls of protest. You can judge my overall use of expenses by the Telegraph. They called me one of their "saints"."In May 2009, <mask> was listed among the "saints" by The Daily Telegraph in the expenses scandal. In Government

Under the Conservative – Liberal Democrat coalition in 2010 she was appointed as a Minister in the Home Office as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Criminal Information and Equalities. <mask> caused waves by pre-announcing her appointment prior to the official announcement in the expectation of forcing compromises from the Tories regarding her policy "aims", despite Home Secretary Theresa May being noted for not favouring homosexual equality. In December 2010, <mask> introduced a move that would allow positive discrimination which is primarily aimed at addressing female under-representation in the workforce. It will also mean that a manager will be able lawfully to hire a black man over a white man, a homosexual man over a heterosexual man, if they have the same skill set. <mask>, denied the plans were about "political correctness, or red tape, or quotas" and would "help make the workplace fairer". In September 2011, <mask> caused controversy by claiming men make "terrible decisions" when they are in charge.Speaking at the Liberal Democrat Party Conference Featherstone blamed men for the mess the world was in, and commentators drew parallels with similar comments by one of Featherstone's predecessors, Harriet Harman. Her comments attracted criticism from across the political spectrum and were considered particularly inappropriate given her role as a minister in charge of ending sexism. Conservative MP Priti Patel said: "these comments are really ill-thought out. As Equalities Minister she has got to be unbiased about the value that both men and women bring to decision-making." Elizabeth Day of The Observer newspaper was equally troubled by the remarks, writing "the notion that women are not as aggressive as men, that we would all just sit around a table eating red velvet cupcakes and talking out the world's problems rather than firing off phallic-shaped nuclear weapons is a complete fallacy". On 5 September 2012 she was confirmed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for International Development. Speaking at the Liberal Democrat conference in Glasgow in September 2013, she supported Liberal Democrat policy to prosecute those responsible for cases where girls are sent abroad to have female genital mutilation carried out, or where it is carried out in the UK.In November 2014, she was promoted to Minister of State for Crime Prevention going back to the Home office. After Government
<mask> wrote a book, Equal Ever After, describing the details of work to establish legal same-sex marriage in the United Kingdom and her role in the process. Awards
In 2006, <mask> was shortlisted in the "Rising Stars" category of the Channel 4 political awards, but did not win. She has also been nominated for the prestigious "Woman of the Year" award. <mask> was nominated for the Stonewall Politician of the Year Award in both 2009 and 2012 for her work to support equality for lesbian, gay and bisexual people. Lynne was awarded Stonewall Politician of the Year (jointly), Attitude Magazine Politician of the Year and PinkNews Ally of the Year for her initiative on same-sex marriage and work on LGBT rights. She ranked 26 out of 50 on the Top 50 Lib Dems of 2020 list.Personal life
Her nephew was a haemophiliac and victim of the Tainted Blood Scandal. She married <mask> in Haringey in 1982, but divorced in 1996; they have two children. <mask> lives in Highgate, London. She is Jewish. She is an honorary associate of the National Secular Society. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> MP official constituency website
 Profile at the Liberal Democrats

1951 births
Living people
People from Highgate
People educated at South Hampstead High School
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
British bloggers
British women bloggers
English Jews
Councillors in the London Borough of Haringey
Jewish British politicians
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Jewish women politicians
Liberal Democrats (UK) councillors
Liberal Democrats (UK) life peers
Liberal Democrat Members of the London Assembly
Liberal Democrats (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
21st-century British women politicians
Women councillors in England
Female life peers

masks:
Lynne Choona Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Featherstone
Stephen Featherstone
Featherstone
Lynne
Featherstone


title: DeShawn Sims

texts:
<mask>.  (born January 21, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for Pistoia of the Serie A2 Basket. He has previously played for Sagesse and Champville of the Lebanese Basketball League, as well as teams in Greece, Korea, Israel and Puerto Rico after a career with the Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team. In high school, he became Associated Press Class A Player of the Year, a Jordan Brand All-American and a fourth team Parade All-American. At Michigan he became a second-team All-Big Ten Conference selection. He had signed a free-agent contract with the Boston Celtics for whom he played in the Orlando Summer League in addition to playing for the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA Summer League. He became a 2011 D-League All-Star and NBA Development League Rookie of the Year. During the 2008-09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, <mask> ranked among the leaders in the Big Ten Conference in rebounds per game, points per game and Field goal percentage.He led the 2008–09 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team in rebounding and scoring in victories over two top-five ranked teams as a college junior, which enabled them to earn a place in the national rankings for the first time in nearly three years. In addition, while the team was on the proverbial bubble, he led the team in scoring in each of the last five games before the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, including the only other regular season victory of the season against a ranked opponent. At the conclusion of the 2008–09 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season he was named to the second team All-Big Ten team by the media and the third team by the coaches. Prior to the beginning of the 2009-10 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, <mask> was one of two members (along with Manny Harris) of the 2009–10 Michigan Wolverines men's basketball team named among the 50 preseason Wooden Award watch list nominees. At the conclusion of 2009–10 Big Ten Conference regular season he was recognized as a second-team All-Big Ten selection by both the coaches and the media. <mask> concluded the season as the Big Ten Conference leader in offensive rebounds. High school

Born in Detroit, Michigan, as the son of Lolita Pruitt and <mask> <mask> Sr.He claims to have 13 brothers and sisters. <mask> starred at Detroit Pershing High School, where, as a freshman, he played the guard position. He became a starter as a sophomore and earned both Detroit News and Detroit Free Press All-Detroit, honorable mention recognition. In his junior season, he was named Associated Press Class A All-State. As a senior in the 2005–06 season, he earned Associated Press Class A Player of the Year honors. That season, he was a Jordan Brand All-American, a fourth team Parade All-American, and a unanimous Associated Press Class A All-State selection. He led his team to the Detroit Public School League championship game where they lost to Redford High School, a team that was led by junior Manny Harris, who later became <mask>' teammate at Michigan.Over the course of his senior season, he averaged 25.0 points, 12.0 rebounds, 3.0 blocks and 4.0 assists. He placed third in the Hal Schram Mr. Basketball of Michigan voting, trailing David Kool and Tom Herzog. He played in various All-star games and earned the MVP of the  U.S. All-Stars vs. Capital All-Stars Game in Washington, D.C. In high school, Rivals.com ranked <mask> as the #6 high school power forward and #31 overall high school basketball player in the United States. Scout.com ranked <mask> as the #9 high school small forward in the country. <mask> is known by a nickname that has been published in the press as both Peedi and Peety. College

Freshman and sophomore years
At the University of Michigan, <mask> started two games as a freshman and all 32 games as a sophomore.He debuted for the 2006–07 Michigan Wolverines in the season opener with 2 points and 2 rebounds in 6 minutes on November 10 against  and made his first start on December 28 against , scoring 13 points. His brother, Marcus Pruitt, who was a  junior at Pershing, was fatally shot during <mask>'s freshman year. The following year, during the 2007-08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season, his averages jumped from 3.4 points per game to 12.3 and from 2.3 rebounds per game to 5.4. During that season, he led Michigan in rebounding and placed 14th in the Big Ten Conference, while placing 12th in the conference in scoring. This earned him an All-Big Ten honorable mention. During his sophomore year, <mask> opened the John Beilein era at Michigan by earning Big Ten Player of the Week honors for the week of November 12, 2007. Junior year

As a junior, he became one of the leading scorers, shot blockers and rebounders in the Big Ten Conference.On November 20, 2008, the unranked Wolverines team upset the #4 ranked UCLA Bruins men's basketball team for its first win over a top-five team in eleven years. On November 29, 2008 against Savannah State, <mask> posted game-highs of 23 points and 12 rebounds, including an overtime buzzer beater as Michigan overcame a 20-point half time deficit. <mask>, served as sixth man during November, led the team in scoring with 18 points and tied for the lead in rebounds. On December 3, <mask> entered the starting lineup during a game against Maryland in the ACC-Big Ten Challenge. On December 6, 2008 Michigan posted its second consecutive win over a top 5 opponent in a rematch against the #4 ranked Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team. <mask> again, led the team in scoring with a career-high 28 points and posted a team-high with 12 rebounds. On December 22, 2008 <mask> became the first Wolverine to score 20 points and add 20 rebounds since Phil Hubbard had 22 points and 26 rebounds in a victory over University of Detroit in the 1977 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.As a result of the major victories and continuing team success they reached the top 25 in the national rankings on December 22 for the first time since February 6, 2006. On February 26, he was the high scorer again with a career-high 29 points in game against the #16-ranked Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball team that Michigan won 87–78, raising its record to 3–4 against ranked opponents on the season. At the conclusion of the 2008–09 Big Ten Conference men's basketball regular season, he was named to the second team All-Big Ten team by the media and the third team by the coaches. <mask> led the team in scoring in six of its last seven games including five consecutive games covering the last three regular season games and both 2009 Big Ten Conference Men's Basketball Tournament games. <mask> led the Wolverines in field goal percentage, rebounds and blocked shots. He finished second on the team in minute played, steals and points per game. <mask> ended the season fifth in rebounds per game, fifth in points per game and eighth in field goal percentage, eleventh in block shots per game and fifteenth in steals per game in the Big Ten Conference.After, Harris was named team MVP, he requested that <mask> be recognized as co-MVP. <mask> was recognized as co-MVP. Senior year

Harris and <mask> were named among the 50 preseason Wooden Award watch list nominees. <mask> became the second Wolverine to earn Big Ten Player of the Week during the 2009–10 Big Ten Conference men's basketball season for his efforts during week nine (January 4–10). As the season progressed, <mask> was called on to take decisive shots in a few close games: On January 26, he attempted an alley oop with 0.9 seconds remaining as Michigan trailed by one point against Michigan State, and on February 16, he made a game-tying three point shot against Iowa with 6.1 seconds remaining to enable Michigan to emerge victorious in overtime. At the conclusion of the regular season, he was named a second-team All-conference selection by both the coaches and the media. He was also recognized as Michigan's Big Ten Sportsmanship Awards honoree.He was recognized as an All-District second-team selection by the National Association of Basketball Coaches making him eligible for the State Farm Division I All‐America teams. <mask> led the conference in offensive rebounds and ranked fifth in scoring. He was also among the leaders in field goal percentage (14th) and steals (15th). <mask> was undrafted in the 2010 NBA Draft. Professional career
After going undrafted in the June 24, 2010 NBA Draft, <mask> signed a free agent contract with the Boston Celtics. <mask> played in four games for the Celtics in the Orlando Summer League and then four games for the Dallas Mavericks in the NBA Summer League. In August 2010 he signed with Greek club PAOK BC.On November 2, he left PAOK, after having played 3 games with the Greek team, in which he averaged 12.3 PPG in 21.7 minutes. Later that month, <mask> signed with the Maine Red Claws of the NBA Development League, who are the D League affiliate of the Celtics. He earned a selection to the 2011 D-League All-Star game. In the game, he posted 20 points. Over the course of the season, he finished fourth in the league with a 20.3 points per game as well as 7.7 rebounds. Along the way he posted 13 double doubles and earned the 2011 NBA Development League Rookie of the Year Award. In April 2011 he signed with Piratas de Quebradillas in Puerto Rico.In July 2011 during the 2011 NBA lockout, he signed with Jeonju KCC Egis in South Korea. On March 6, <mask> rejoined the Red Claws, replacing Dominic Calegari on the roster. <mask> posted a 12-point and 15-rebound double double for the Red Claws on March 10 against the Canton Charge. He last appeared in a game for the Red Claws on March 16 against the Austin Toros. On March 21, he was reported to have an ankle injury. In July 2012, <mask> was named to the Phoenix Suns roster for the 2012 Las Vegas Summer League. In September 2012, he signed with Sagesse of the Lebanese Basketball League.He posted 22.5 points and 8.3 rebounds per game in Lebanon, while shooting 36.4% on his three-point shots. <mask> was expected to join the Boston Celtics' 2013 Orlando Summer League team. However, he was not on the summer roster. On September 30, 2013, <mask> signed with the Boston Celtics. He was one of four nonguaranteed training camp invites (along with Damen Bell-Holter, Kammron Taylor and Chris Babb), vying for the final roster spot after accounting for the 14 guaranteed contracts. He was one of three small forwards invited to camp, along with Jeff Green, Gerald Wallace. On October 26, 2013, he was waived by the Celtics who waived all four nonguaranteed invitees reducing their roster to 14.After waiving the four players, Celtics president of basketball operations Danny Ainge said all four were welcome to join the team's D-League affiliate, Maine Red Claws, if they were willing to accept the low paying salary instead of higher paying offers overseas. <mask> was the only one of the four who did not sign with the Red Claws by the end of the month. That year, he went on to sign with Hapoel Gilboa Galil of the Israeli Basketball Super League. In August 2014, he signed with Jeonju KCC Egis of the Korean Basketball League. On March 6, 2015, <mask> signed with Champville of the Lebanese Basketball League. On March 1, 2016, <mask> signed with Maccabi Kiryat Gat B.C. of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.On July 6, 2017, <mask> signed with Italian club Eurobasket Roma. He averaged 18.2 points per game on the team. On July 4, 2018, <mask> signed with Pallacanestro Biella. On July 20, 2020, he has signed with Pistoia of the Serie A2 Basket. See also
 2006 high school boys basketball All-Americans

References

External links
NBA D-League Profile
ESPN Profile
Sports Illustrated Profile
Michigan bio page
2010 Summer League Profile

1988 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Lebanon
American expatriate basketball people in South Korea
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Detroit
Forwards (basketball)
Greek Basket League players
Hapoel Gilboa Galil Elyon players
Jeonju KCC Egis players
Maccabi Kiryat Gat B.C. players
Maine Red Claws players
Michigan Wolverines men's basketball players
Pallacanestro Biella players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Piratas de Quebradillas players
Pershing High School alumni
Sagesse SC basketball players

masks:
DeShawn Adrian Sims Jr
Sims
Sims
Sims
DeShawn
Sims
Sims
Sims
Sims
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Sims
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title: Kerry Earnhardt

texts:
<mask> (born December 8, 1969) is a former NASCAR driver and the eldest son of seven-time Winston Cup Series champion <mask>. He is the half-brother of former Cup Series driver <mask>. He was employed by Dale Earnhardt, Inc. as a consultant specializing in driver development until 2011. His younger son, <mask>, began racing for DEI in 2007 and currently competes in the NASCAR Xfinity Series. <mask> is known for his physical similarity to his father. Early life
<mask>'s mother, Latane Brown, was <mask>'s first wife. <mask> was 18 years old and a local North Carolina dirt racer at the time of <mask>'s birth.The couple divorced when <mask> was one year old. Brown eventually married Jack Key, who adopted <mask>; <mask> used his stepfather's surname for much of his life. Until he was 16, he saw little of his biological father. Prior to his racing career, <mask> dropped out of high school and worked several odd jobs to support his family. This included working at a Pizza Hut and in the Cannon Mills in Kannapolis, North Carolina, where his grandfather, <mask>, also worked. Racing career
<mask> began racing in 1992 driving street stocks. That same season, he raced in the NASCAR Goody's Dash Series.He raced at various tracks in 1993, including the East Carolina Motor Speedway near Robersonville, North Carolina and Langley Speedway in Hampton, Virginia. He scored two top fives and eight top 10s in 11 races and was the 1992 Rookie of the Year. <mask> won a pole position and recorded eight top 5s and 40 top 10s as well as 1994 Rookie of the Year honors at his local track, Hickory Motor Speedway, in the NASCAR Dodge Weekly Racing Series. His first NASCAR start came in the Busch Series at Myrtle Beach in 1998. After select Busch races in 1998 and 1999. he raced in the Automobile Racing Club of America's ARCA Racing Series in 2000 and 2001 for Dale Earnhardt, Inc. (DEI) using DEI Winston Cup Series equipment formerly used by Steve Park. During this stint, he won four of his 11 starts, with seven top fives and eight top 10s. In 2000, <mask> made his Winston Cup debut at Michigan driving for Marcis Auto Racing, racing against both his father and his half-brother, <mask>, Jr.He wrecked out of the race on lap five. It was the first of his seven Cup series starts. In 2001, the same year his father was killed at Daytona, <mask> was involved in a massive crash on October 4 in an ARCA race at Charlotte Motor Speedway. On lap 63 of 67, <mask> had to dodge a lapped car by hitting his brakes, which caused Blaise Alexander's No. 75 car to catch up to <mask>. Alexander began to inch into the lead when <mask>'s car made contact with Alexander's, sending Alexander's car head-on into the wall and back into <mask>'s car, causing Earnhardt to flip over onto his roof and slide into the grass. Earnhardt managed to climb out by himself.Alexander was given a red flag and the race director called it official, which gave <mask> the victory. Alexander was pronounced dead in the infield care center at 10:20 p.m. In late November 2001, it was announced that <mask> would run the full 2002 Busch Series for FitzBradshaw Racing, owned by Armando Fitz and Terry Bradshaw. The entry was sponsored by Supercuts and 10-10-220, with a technical alliance with DEI. The car was initially numbered 8, but later numbered 12. He finished 22nd in points, scoring three top fives and six top 10s. This was one of his two full seasons in any of NASCAR's top three series (Cup, Busch, and Truck).He also attempted to make several Winston Cup races in 2002 and 2003 in the No. 83 Aaron's, Inc./Hot Tamales Chevrolet for FitzBradshaw, but failed to qualify for every race he attempted. Midway through the 2003 season, <mask> was released by FitzBradshaw, replaced by Tim Fedewa. In 2004 and 2005, <mask> raced in six Nextel Cup races for Richard Childress Racing in the No. 33 car. All six starts were restrictor plate races (Daytona and Talladega). His highest finish was a 17th-place run at Talladega in the 2005 Aaron's 499.Also in 2004, <mask> made eight starts in the K&N Pro Series West for Bill McAnally Racing, scoring two top fives and five top 10s. In 2005, <mask> joined Billy Ballew Motorsports in the Craftsman Truck Series, replacing Shane Hmiel. <mask> won the pole position for the season opening Florida Dodge Dealers 250, but he lost his ride after two races due to lack of sponsorship, with Hmiel returning. For the 2006 season, he signed with ThorSport Racing and drove the No. 13 Chevrolet the full season with occasional sponsorship from the National Pork Board. His best finish of the season was 11th place at Nashville and Las Vegas. At the conclusion of the season, he and ThorSport Racing went their separate ways.In December 2007, <mask> announced his retirement as a competitive driver in a letter to fans on his website. <mask> is still an active test driver for DEI and occasionally drove in the Nationwide Series (NNS). His last appearance in a national touring series was the NNS' Subway Jalapeño 250 on July 3, 2009 at Daytona International Speedway driving the No. 31 car for Rick Ware Racing. In 2016, he drove one of his father's original race cars, a No. 3 1995 Chevrolet Monte Carlo, at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in England. Family life
He and wife, René, married in 1999.They have a daughter, Kayla. From their previous marriages, <mask> has two sons, Bobby and Jeffrey, and René has a daughter, Blade. In 2017, <mask> raced part-time in the ARCA Racing Series, driving the number 3 Chevrolet for Hixson Motorsports and the number 96 Ford for Brian Kaltreider Racing. He made his NASCAR debut in the Xfinity Series driving the No. 40 Chevy Camaro for MBM Motorsports at Richmond in 2017. As of 2020, <mask> races in the Xfinity Series for JD Motorsports and has raced in the Cup Series. Bobby and Jeffrey are the fourth generation of Earnhardts in professional motorsports.Legal issues
In May 2016, Earnhardt's stepmother, <mask>, sued him for using the <mask> name when he and his wife were planning to market a line of homes and furniture under the name "The Earnhardt Collection". On July 27, 2017, <mask>ardt Collection" in his business. Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Cup Series

Daytona 500

Nationwide Series

Craftsman Truck Series

ARCA Re/Max Series
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time.Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) References

External links

1969 births
ARCA Menards Series drivers
<mask>CARS Dash Touring Series drivers
Living people
NASCAR drivers
People from Kannapolis, North Carolina
Racing drivers from North Carolina
Dale Earnhardt Inc. drivers
Richard Childress Racing drivers

masks:
Kerry Dale Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt Jr
Jeffrey Earnhardt
Kerry Earnhardt
Kerry Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Kerry
Earnhardt
Ralph Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Dale Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Earnhardt
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Kerry
Bobby Earnhardt
Jeffrey Earnhardt
Teresa Earnhardt
Earnhardt
Teresa Earnhardtnh
Kerry IS


title: Liviu Prunaru

texts:
<mask> (born 1969 in Craiova) is a Romanian violinist. He serves as the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra's concertmaster together with Vesko Eschkenazy. Competition record
 1991 Rodolfo Lipizer IVC, Gorizia - 1st prize. 1992 C. Flesch IVC, London - 4th prize. 1993 Queen Elisabeth IMC, Brussels - 2nd prize. 1997 Seoul IMC - 1st prize (ex-aequo with Ju-Young Baek)
 1998 Indianapolis IVC - 2nd prize
 1999 Juilliard Mendelssohn IVC - 1st prize
Violinist <mask> has won the top prizes and gained international recognition at the
most prestigious International Violin Competitions in the world. Mr. <mask> was the 1997
Gold Medallist of the Dong-A International Violin Competition in Korea, Silver Medallist
of the 1998 Indianapolis International Violin Competition in the USA, Silver (2nd Grand
Prize) Medallist at the 1993 Queen Elizabeth in Brussels, Gold Medallist at the 1991 Rodolfo
Lipizer International Violin Competition in Italy, and Gold Medallist at the R. Molinari Violin
Competition in Switzerland, among many others.Mr. <mask> made his New York City debut with the Juilliard Symphony in Lincoln
Center’s Alice Tully Hall after capturing the 1st grand prize in the Juilliard Mendelssohn
Competition. Also in 1999, Mr. <mask> won the 1st grand prize at the E. Nakamichi
Wieniawski Violin Concerto Competition resulting in performances with the Aspen Young
Artists Orchestra. Mr. <mask> has been featured as a soloist with: Concertgebouw Amsterdam,
the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the London Symphony Orchestra, Belgium National
Orchestra, Westdeutsche Sinfonia, Athens Philharmonic Orchestra, Bari Symphony
Orchestra, Bucharest Radio-Symphony Orchestra, Orchestra Mayo of Buenos Aires,
Indianapolis Chamber Orchestra, the Meridian Symphony, Mississippi Symphony, the
Juilliard Symphony, and the Puchon Philharmonic Orchestra in Korea among many others. Mr. <mask> has collaborated with many renowned conductors including Lord Yehudi
Menuhin, Fabio Luisi, Emmanuel Krivine, Arthur Arnold, Alexandru Lascae, Georges
Octors, Dmitri Lyss, Alexander Dimitriev, Peter Oundjian, Yuri Simonov, Andrew Litton,
Peter Braschkat, Cristian Mandeal, Lukas Vis, Horia Andreescu, Mario Benzecry, Park Eun
Seong amongst many others. Mr. <mask> performs frequently as a soloist and in recital in all
major cities in the world. Mr. <mask> has performed at many prestigious Festivals including Aspen (US),
Menuhin (CH), Enescu (RO), Brussels, Buenos Aires, Wallonie, Flanders, Evian, Athens,
Incontri in Terra di Siena, Ascoli, and Salzburg Festivals. Mr. <mask> has recorded many CDs with Camerata Lysy, as well as his own debut
CD featuring works by Strauss, Brahms, Gluck, de Falla, Saint-Saëns, and Sarasate with
pianist Luc Devos, which is released by Pavane Records.Born in Craiova, Romania, Mr. <mask> began his violin studies at the age of 6 with
Professor Oprisan. His teachers: Mr.Berbec, Ms. Mihaela Mailat, Ms.Adriana Carpen and
Ms.Cornelia Bonzetti, guided him through his early years. During this period he won seven
national competitions and 1st prize at the International Kocian competition of Czechoslovakia. Then in 1990, Mr. <mask> was invited by violinist and Maestro Alberto Lysy to study with
him at the renowned Menuhin Academy of Gstaad, Switzerland, where he worked among
great artists like Lord Yehudi Menuhin, Igor Oistrakh, Ruggiero Ricci, Nikita Magaloff, Jean-
Pierre Rampal, Peter-Lukas Graf, and Pierre Amoyal. Mr. <mask> completed his professional studies with Miss Dorothy DeLay in New
York, where he also actively participated in Master Classes with Itzakh Perlman. The Swiss record company Claves released all three violin concertos by Saint-Saëns
where violinist <mask> <mask> is accompanied by the Ensemble Orchestral de Paris and the
distinguished conductor Lawrence Foster. As a last addition to his discography 3 recordings came out in 2005, Beethoven's
Integral violin and piano Sonatas, with Dana Protopopescu as partner, Vivaldi's Four Seasons
with Virtuosy from Lviv, conductor Serhyi Burko and Dvořák's violin concerto with David
Angus, conductor and Symfonie Orkester of Flanders.The 2010-2011 musical season was to include tours, recitals, concerts and Master
classes in US, Korea, Japan, China, Luxembourg, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austria,

France, Germany, UK, Greece, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Argentina, Spain, Italy
and Romania. In September 2006, after 14 years of teaching at the Menuhin Academy, <mask>
<mask> became concert master of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in Amsterdam which
received, in 2008, for the first time, the title of the best orchestra in the world! October 2010 makes another turn in <mask>’s musical life with when he accepts to
become the musical director of International Menuhin Music Academy in Switzerland and
therefore to continue the tradition of his beloved Masters Yehudi Menuhin and Alberto Lysy! He is playing on a Stradivari dated 1694, graciously offered by the Concertgebouw’s
board of sponsors. “Technical mastery…he can turn a single phrase with one note…”

The Strad

“If a musical paradise exists, it must resemble the violin of <mask> <mask>…luminous, limpid,
radiant…a single phrase suffices for the audience to hold their breath, suspended by his
bow…with this Romanian all music flows from the source effortless, with all the natural
elegance of youth…”
Le Soir

“The bow of <mask> draws a true sonorous beauty and is rendered with exceptional ease, all
in simplicity, but with what grandeur! Luminous…a radiant seduction but at the same time, a
penetrating sensitivity.”
La Grande Fancy Fair d’Anvers

“…he possesses not only an accomplished technique and style, but also a very large
repertoire…he can play everything!”
Auxipress, Juillet Musical d’Aulnes, Belgium

“The vibrato and authenticity of Prunaru resembles that of the young Menuhin.”
Jean-Michel Molkhou, Diapason

References

1969 births
Living people
Romanian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Prize-winners of the Queen Elisabeth Competition
Players of the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra
21st-century classical violinists

masks:
Liviu Prunaru
Liviu Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Prunaru
Liviu
Prunaru
Liviu
Prunaru
Prunaru
Liviu
Prunaru
Prunaru


title: John Martin (Governor of Kansas)

texts:
<mask> (March 10, 1839 – October 2, 1889) was the 10th Governor of Kansas. <mask> was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania, a son of James and Jane Montgomery (Crawford) <mask>. His father was a native of Maryland, and his mother a native of Pennsylvania. He was of Scots-Irish extraction, and the family was related to General Richard Montgomery. His maternal grandfather, Thomas Brown, was the founder of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. <mask> was educated in the public schools and, at the age of fifteen, began learning the printer's trade. He spent a brief time in Pittsburgh, where he worked as a compositor in the office of the Commercial Journal.Freedom's Champion
In 1857, at the age of 18, he came to the Kansas Territory, bought the newspaper known as the Squatter Sovereign, published at Atchison, and changed the name to Freedom's Champion. He continued to publish this paper until his death. He was a firm free-state man and soon became actively identified with the political affairs of the territory. In 1858 he was nominated for the territorial legislature, but declined because he was not yet of legal age. In 1859 he was a delegate to the Osawatomie convention which organized the Republican party in Kansas, and for the remainder of his life he was an unswerving supporter of the principles and policies of that organization. His intelligent activity in political affairs led to his being honored by election or appointment to various positions of trust and responsibility. On July 5, 1859, he was elected secretary of the Wyandotte constitutional convention; was secretary of the railroad convention at Topeka in October, 1860; was a delegate to the Republican national convention of that year, and was elected to the Kansas Senate in 1861.Civil War service
Before the expiration of his term as senator the Civil War broke out, and in October 1861, he was mustered into the United States volunteer service as lieutenant colonel of the 8th Kansas Volunteer Infantry. Early in 1862 he was appointed provost marshal of Leavenworth and held the position until his regiment was ordered to Corinth, Mississippi in March. There the 8th Kansas Infantry became a part of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's army, and it remained in the Army of the Cumberland until the close of the war. On November 1, 1862, <mask> was promoted to colonel, and a few weeks later was assigned to duty as provost marshal of Nashville, Tennessee, which position he filled until the following June. With his command he took part in the Battle of Perryville; the various engagements of the Tullahoma Campaign; the battle of Chickamauga, where on the second day he was assigned to the command of the Third Brigade, First Division, XX Corps; and in November was present at the siege of Chattanooga and the Battle of Missionary Ridge. With Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman's army he marched to Atlanta in the memorable campaign of 1864, the line of march being marked by engagements at Rocky Face Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, Kingston, Kennesaw Mountain and various other points. After the fall of Atlanta, <mask>'s regiment joined in the pursuit of Lt. Gen. <mask> Hood as he marched northward into Tennessee, where it closed its service.During the closing scenes of his military career <mask> commanded the First Brigade, Third Division, IV Corps, until he was mustered out at Pulaski, Tennessee on November 17, 1864. He later received a brevet of brigadier general "for gallant and meritorious services", dated March 13, 1865. After the war
Returning to Kansas, <mask> resumed the editorial management of his paper, and again became a factor in political affairs. He served as a member of the Kansas Senate from 1859 to 1861, and was mayor of Atchison, serving in 1865 and 1878 to 1880. He served as the third Atchison postmaster for twelve years. For twenty-five consecutive years he was chairman of the Atchison County Republican Central Committee; was a member of the Republican National Committee from 1868 to 1884, and secretary of the committee during the last four years of that period; served as a delegate to the first Republican Convention in 1860, and was a member of the 1860, 1868, 1872, and 1880 Republican National Conventions; was a member of one of the vice-presidents of the United States Centennial commission; was one of the founders of the Kansas Historical Society, of which he was president in 1878; was president the same year of the Editors' and Publishers' Association; and from 1878 to the time of his death was one of the board of managers of the Leavenworth branch of the National Soldiers' Home. During all the years following the Civil War he manifested a keen interest in the work and welfare of the Grand Army of the Republic, and when the Department of Kansas was organized, he was honored by being elected its first commander.Governor <mask>
For years before his election to the office of Governor, <mask> had an ambition to be the chief executive of his adopted state, but knew he had to wait and prepare himself for the duties of the office in case he should be called to fill it. The call came in 1884, when he was nominated and elected. The beginning of his administration was very difficult, and he was besieged by hordes of office-seekers. This, on account of the previous Democratic administration. At first <mask> was not a prohibitionist, but in time, as he saw the beneficial effects of prohibition, he became converted to be one of its most ardent champions. During <mask>'s administration six educational institutions were established in Kansas, and 182 school houses were built in 1887. Also, the State Reformatory was located at Hutchinson, and opportunities for reform were provided for young law-breakers.In March 1886, a strike and serious disturbances on the Missouri Pacific Railroad, in Missouri and Kansas, demanded <mask>'s attentions. Rioting caused him to send the First Kansas Militia to the scene of action. After being the cause of great inconveniences and suffering, the strike was settled in April. His first administration commended him to the people, and in 1886 he was reelected. A bill was passed by the Kansas Legislature of 1887, conferring on women of Kansas the right to vote at school, bond, and municipal elections. This was one of the first steps toward the complete suffrage the State enjoys today. Kansas had steadily progressed in prosperity and her towns and broad farming lands had increased immensely in value.This led to a "boom" during which cities were erected on paper and real towns increased in size. Many syndicates were organized to deal in Kansas real estate. Long blocks of buildings were erected in unnecessary towns, and the prairie was long after dotted with rusting pipes and hydrants, the only tangible evidences of these useless towns. The end of 1888 saw the great Kansas "boom" collapse, and, as this year had also had a failure of crops, Kansas experienced a panic. But this check in prosperity was comparatively brief. There was a contest for the county seat between towns in several counties. Bitter rivalries and feuds resulted, the worst being the Stevens County, where several people were killed.On an appeal made to the Governor for help, and a militia regiment was sent to the county. In 1888 Greeley County was organized, thus completing the organization of Kansas' 105 present counties. Marriage and death
On June 7, 1871, <mask> married Ida Challiss, and together they had seven children. <mask> died from pneumonia on October 2, 1889, in Atchison at the age of 50, and was interred in Atchison's Mount Vernon Cemetery. See also

 Gray County War

References

Sources
 The Political Graveyard
 The KSGenWeb Project
 National Governors Association

External links

Publications concerning Kansas Governor <mask>'s administration available via the KGI Online Library
National Governors Association
Genealogy

The Political Graveyard
The KSGenWeb Project

Governors of Kansas
Kansas state senators
Mayors of places in Kansas
1839 births
1889 deaths
Deaths from pneumonia in Kansas
Kansas Republicans
People from Fayette County, Pennsylvania
American newspaper publishers (people)
People from Atchison, Kansas
Union Army colonels
People of Kansas in the American Civil War
Republican Party state governors of the United States
19th-century American politicians
Grand Army of the Republic officials
19th-century American businesspeople
Military personnel from Pennsylvania

masks:
John Alexander Martin
Origins Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
John Bell
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin


title: Herb Graver

texts:
<mask>. (August 29, 1880 – August 6, 1954) was an American football player and coach and businessman. He played at the end, halfback, fullback, and quarterback positions for Fielding H. Yost's renowned 1901, 1902 and 1903 "Point-a-Minute" football teams. He scored five touchdowns against Ohio State in 1903, which remains the single-game record for the most touchdowns scored by a player for either team in the history of the Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry. In 1904, Graver was the head coach of the Marietta College football team. He worked for the Graver Tank Company from 1904 to 1954. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1880. He was the son of <mask> (1842–1915) and <mask>, who moved in 1884 to Chicago.In 1888, his father founded the Graver Tank Works in East Chicago, Indiana. The company was the first industry established in East Chicago, Indiana, and got its start manufacturing tanks for a Standard Oil Company refinery. The company was also a pioneer in the manufacture of large steel tanks for grain elevators, oil and gas storage. Graver was raised in Chicago, and attended Englewood High School, where he played two years of high school football and helped lead Englewood to a football championship in 1899. At the time of the 1900 United States Census, Graver was living in Chicago with his parents, four brothers (James, William, Philip and Alexander), and two servants. Michigan

He enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1900 and played on Michigan's varsity football teams in 1901, 1902 and 1903. During Graver's three years as a varsity football player, the Michigan Wolverines did not lose a game, compiling a three-year record of 33–0–1 and outscoring opponents 1,759 to 18.Graver was one of the lighter men on Michigan's football teams at 163 pounds, but it was said that he made up for his small size with aggressive playing. Coach Yost praised Graver for his open field play, identifying him as one of his dangerous men for opponents to let loose in the open field. On November 7, 1903, Graver scored five rushing touchdowns against Ohio State, tying him with Albert E. Herrnstein for the single-season record for most touchdowns scored by a player for either team in the history of the Michigan – Ohio State football rivalry. According to a newspaper account of the game, "Yost's 'point a minute machine'" showed terrific speed in scoring 36 points in the first half, and "Graver ran Ohio's ends at will and in the open field it seemed impossible to tackle him." Graver scored a total of 15 touchdowns for the 1903 season, one more than College Football Hall of Fame inductee Willie Heston. Graver also won favor with Yost for his versatility, playing at halfback, fullback, quarterback and end during the 1902 season. Injuries required Yost to fill holes at the fullback and quarterback positions, and Graver was the player he called on.In response to a newspaper inquiry as to how Graver was adapting to being moved to a new position, Yost replied, "How did he do? That boy does well any place you put him. He is little, but I rather guess if I stuck him in at guard he would hustle any one in the country to keep him from doing things." At the end of the 1902 season, Graver was selected as an All-Western substitute for positions behind the line. The Chicago Tribune in 1902 called Graver "the best man on defense" on the Michigan team. At the end of the 1903 season, he was selected by Walter Camp for Collier's Weekly as a halfback on his third All-American team. Graver was an engineering student at Michigan and was elected as president of the engineering department's Class of 1904.He was also a member of the Theta Delta Chi fraternity at Michigan. He was also chosen to serve as a member of Michigan's Athletic Board of Control for the 1903-1904 academic year. Marietta College
Graver graduated from the University of Michigan in 1904 and began work for the Graver Tank Works in East Chicago, Indiana during the summer of 1904. In the fall of 1904, he was hired as the head football coach at Marietta College in Marietta, Ohio. Graver compiled a record of 4–3–1 in his one season as head football coach at Marietta. Later years
At the end of the football season, he returned to work at the Graver Tank Works. The company, founded by his father, was one of the largest manufacturers and erectors of steel tanks in the world.At the time of the 1910 United States Census, Graver was living with his parents in Chicago. His occupation was identified at the time as a civil engineer for a tank works. His father was listed as a tank builder at the tank works, and his younger brother, Alexander, was identified as a mechanical engineer for the tank works. In September 1910, Graver married Anna Thorne. The Suburbanite Economist reported: "The wedding will be a home affair, and the young couple will leave immediately for a month's trip through northern Canada and to the northwest. Upon their return, they will be at home at 140 70th Street." The company later became known as the Graver Tank and Manufacturing Company, and <mask> was its sales manager.In 1922, Graver built an English manor style home at 10616 Longwood Drive in Chicago. The three-story brick structure had eleven rooms, four baths, two powder rooms, and covered and open terraces. The home was designed by John Todd Hetherington, is currently used as the headquarters of the Ridge Historical Society, and is listed in the AIA Guide to Chicago as one of the city's architecturally significant structures. At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Graver was living at the Longwood Drive home with his wife Anna, son <mask>, and a servant. In a draft registration card completed by Graver at the time of World War II, he indicated that he lived at 10428 South Seeley Avenue in Chicago and worked for the Graver Tank & Mfg. Co., Inc. He was married to Anna T<mask>.Graver died in August 1954 at age 74. He suffered a heart attack at the International Amphitheatre where he was watching wrestling matches. Graver was survived by his wife, Anna Thorne <mask>, and a son, <mask><mask>, Jr.

References

1880 births
1954 deaths
American football ends
American football fullbacks
American football halfbacks
American football quarterbacks
Marietta Pioneers football coaches
Michigan Wolverines football players
Sportspeople from Chicago
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Players of American football from Chicago
Players of American football from Pittsburgh

masks:
Herbert Spencer Graver Sr
Graver
William Graver
Christina Graver
Herb Graver
Herbert
. Graver
Graver
Herbert S
. Graver