title: Isa Chandra Moskowitz

texts:
<mask> is an American author, magazine columnist, former host of community access cooking show Post Punk Kitchen, and restaurateur. She has authored several best-selling cookbooks, including Vegan with a Vengeance, Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World, Veganomicon, Vegan Brunch, Vegan Cookies Invade Your Cookie Jar and Appetite for Reduction. Her first restaurant, Modern Love, opened in Omaha in 2014, and its second location opened in Brooklyn in 2016. Biography
Raised in Brooklyn, New York, and having dropped out of The High School of Music & Art, where she majored in fine art, Moskowitz found herself drawn toward the punk rock scene of the Lower East Side of Manhattan in the late 1980s, embracing first a vegetarian diet, then veganism. The experimentation and adaptation required for her new diet led to developing her skills as a cook and as an inventor of her own recipes. She volunteered with Food Not Bombs, an anarchist organization that provides free vegan meals to the homeless and needy. The inspiration to create her own cooking show came while watching the Food Network and wondering to herself why there were no vegan shows.According to Moskowitz, the show used the title The Post Punk Kitchen to signify the feeling of being "older and facing the conundrum of growing up and making compromises that their eighteen-year-old selves might hate them for". The show was popular for its laid-back approach and unscripted dialogue. Bands played on the show and even helped out with the cooking. The Post Punk Kitchen was co-hosted by Terry Hope Romero and aired on community access television in both Manhattan and Brooklyn between 2003 and 2005. The success of The Post Punk Kitchen led to the compilation of a cookbook, Vegan with a Vengeance, in late  2005. The recipes, rather than relying on expensive and heavily processed meat substitutes, use readily available and inexpensive ingredients. The book also includes multiple references to the punk-rock subculture with Moskowitz visibly sporting a t-shirt from British anarcho-punk band Crass on the book's cover.In 2006, Moskowitz and her former co-host, Romero, created a cookbook consisting entirely of vegan cupcake recipes, Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World, which was named Cookbook Of The Year by VegNews magazine. 2007 saw the release of yet another book, Veganomicon, which bills itself as the "ultimate vegan cookbook." Moskowitz has since written six more books, Vegan Brunch (2009), Vegan Cookies Invade Your Cookie Jar (2009), Appetite for Reduction (2010), Vegan Pie in the Sky (2011), Isa Does It (2013), and The Superfun Times Vegan Holiday Cookbook: Entertaining for Absolutely Every Occasion (2016). In April 2008, she relocated from New York to Portland, Oregon, then to Omaha, Nebraska. Her restaurant, Modern Love, has locations in Omaha and Brooklyn. Activism

Moskowitz is a vocal opponent of "humane meat", promoting animal rights through what she calls "Culinary Activism" or "Baketivism":

I think that activism isn't what you decide to do but how it affects people. So if someone says, I'm going to become an activist!I'm going to stand on a street corner and preach about veganism! And then they go ahead and do that but no one listens and no one becomes vegan, then is that activism? On the other hand, maybe there's a girl in the middle of nowhere who loves animals and decided to bake vegan. And then people taste her cupcakes and are like "What the hell, I'll go vegan, too." Obviously, I think the latter is more effective, but I guess people might not see it as activism. In 2008 she founded the organization Apron Activists ("four courses for causes") to raise money for local animal rights organizations in Oregon; she also works with Woodstock Farm Animal Sanctuary to raise money through cooking. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Moskowitz posted on her blog a call for vegans to host bake sales in their home cities to fundraise for relief which resulted in over $75,000 being raised.In July 2011, Moskowitz, along with Anna Dorfman, Leigh Ellis and John McDevitt created The Teal Cat Project to raise money for cat rescue groups across the country that participate in trap–neuter–return programs. Moskowitz and the crew collect old ceramic cat figurines, upcycle them with a coat of teal paint, and number them for authenticity. T-shirts are also sold to offset the cost of supplies. <mask> is currently a Bust magazine columnist, where she writes a column called "Nickel and Dined", which focuses on cooking on a limited budget and has written for Vegetarian Times, Time Out NY, Natural Health and VegNews. Moskowitz also starred in a short-lived podcast with Herbivore Publishing's Josh Hooten called Naked Vaygun in late 2007. In Omaha, she has appeared on KMTV in 2011 and 2012. She presented at the first Austin, Texas VegFest in 2012, and in 2013.Bibliography
Vegan with a Vengeance. 2005. Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World, with Terry Hope Romero. 2006. Veganomicon, with Terry Hope Romero. 2007. Vegan Brunch.2009. Vegan Cookies Invade Your Cookie Jar, with Terry Hope Romero. 2009. Appetite for Reduction. 2010. Vegan Pie in the Sky. 2011.Vegan with a Vengeance, 10th Anniversary Edition: Over 150 Delicious, Cheap, Animal-Free Recipes That Rock. 2015. The Superfun Times Vegan Holiday Cookbook: Entertaining for Absolutely Every Occasion. 2016. I Can Cook Vegan. 2019. See also
Animal rights and punk subculture

Notes

External links

 <mask> Moskowitz
 MikeyPod Podcast Interview with <mask> Moskowitz

1973 births
Living people
American food writers
20th-century American Jews
Chefs of vegan cuisine
Punk writers
Writers from Brooklyn
American television chefs
American women chefs
Vegan cookbook writers
Veganism activists
Chefs from New York City
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American Jews
20th-century American women
Women in punk

masks:
Isa Chandra Moskowitz
Media Moskowitz
Isa Chandra
Isa Chandra


title: Olga Gzovskaya

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Russian: О́льга Влади́мировна Гзо́вская; 10 October 1883 – 2 July 1962) was a Russian Empire and Soviet theater and film actress. Life
Gzovskaya was born to a family of a Moscow customs official of Polish origin. In 1905, she graduated from the Imperial Drama School at the Maly Theatre, having studied under Aleksandr Pavlovich Lensky. On 1 September 1905 she joined the Maly Theatre  troupe, with the first role of Ariel in "The Tempest" by William Shakespeare, that October. From 1905 to 1908, she appeared at the Maly Theatre. In 1907, she met Konstantin Stanislavski at a summer resort and began taking private acting lessons from him. During their classes Stanislavski commented to Gzovskaya that she should perform at the Moscow Art Theatre, which she took as an offer of employment and quit the Maly.As the board had not been consulted, the engagement by the Moscow Art Theatre became contentious and she was forced to tour throughout Russia during the 2008-2009 season. Her employment was also complicated because her fiancé , who was working at the Maly, was trying to become the manager of the Moscow Art Theatre, but the theater did not trust his reputation. In July 1908, she and Nelidov married. Gzovskaya returned to the Maly for the 1909-1910 season, but in 1910, she moved to the Moscow Art Theatre. In 1912, she performed a series of engagements in Prague, but was primarily engaged until 1917 at the Moscow Art Theater. Between 1917 and 1919 Gzovskaya returned to the Maly. When Gzovskaya left the Moscow Art Theatre, she severed her studies with Stanislavski, though she tried to promote use of his method in other companies.In 1919, she taught at the studio and toured with the Chialiapin Studio and Opera Studio of the Bolshoi Theatre. In November 1920, together with her husband, actor Vladimir Gajdarov and a few other artists she went abroad. It happened so unexpectedly that none of the actors were ready to leave. They toured in Ukraine, but the Russian Civil War in 1919, cut them off from Moscow. People were trying to survive, gradually they were joined by other Moscow artists who also found themselves cut off as in other parts of the country, including several actors of the Sinelnikov troupe. As a result, there was quite a large group of well-known theater figures, which included, in addition to Gzovskaya and Gaydarov, Alla Tarasova, Vasily Kachalov, his wife Nina Litovtseva, <mask>, M.N. Nablotskaya, her husband actor Putyata, Nikolai Massalitinov, Yury Rakitin, Vladimir Zhedrinsky, M.A.Kryzhanovskaya, Maria Germanova, E.N. Roshchin-Insarov, Peter F. Sharov and many others. They decided to stay together. Katchalov and LItovtseva's son, Vadim Shverubovich, wrote about this episode in the history of the Moscow Art Theater and in the lives of his parents. <mask> worked in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, where, together with her husband she organized a studio. But they failed to maintain it. At the Berlin City Opera in 1926 <mask> performed "Queen of Spades" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.On her return in 1932 to the USSR, she worked in concert organizations in Moscow. In November 1934 she moved to Leningrad, where she continued in concert and presented a few literary compositions. In 1939, she arrived in Leningrad's Leninsky Komsomol Theatre. At the outbreak of World War II she was evacuated to Novosibirsk, where she continued her theatrical work, staged "Tyrant" by Goldoni and "Little House in Cherkizovo" by Aleksei Arbuzov. From March 1943 to 1956 she worked for the Alexandrinsky Theatre. In addition, she led the amateur clubs House of Scientists, Club of Seamen, and others. She was buried in Moscow in Vvedenskoye Cemetery.Lenin Komsomol
Beatrice ("Much Ado About Nothing" by William Shakespeare),
Mamaev ("Even a Wise Man Stumbles" Ostrovsky). Leningrad Drama Theatre
The old woman (The Chimes of Kremlin, by Nikolai Pogodin)
Mrs. Eynsford-Hill (Pygmalion by George Bernard Show)
Grandmother Arsenyeva (Lermontov by Boris Lavrenyov, her last role)

Selected filmography
Mara Kramskaya (Mara Kramskaya, 1915). Woman with Dagger (Lena Rokotoff, director Yakov Protazanov)
Tasia (Landowner's daughter, director Yakov Protazanov)
Hurricane (Natasha, director Boris Sushkevich)
Panna Mary (Panna Mary, director Yakov Protazanov, 1916)
Flurry (Tanya, director Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
Anelya (the victim, Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
And the Mystery Was Swallowed by the Waves... (Lilias the dancer, Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
No Blood is Necessary (<mask>skaya, director Yakov Protazanov, 1918)
Jenny the Housemaid (Jenny, Yakov Protazanov)
Witches (Maruna-Yola, director V.Starevich, 1918)
The Thieving Magpie (director Alexander Sanin, 1920)
Madame de La Pommeraye's Intrigues (director, Fritz Wendhausen, 1922)
Enjoy Your Life (<mask>, director G.Azagarov, 1923, shooting in Munich)
Psyche (Psyche, director Yu. Larin 1927, shooting in Berlin)
Songs of the Steppe (Rogoznaya, director Yakov Urinov, 1932-1933). See also
Moscow Art Theatre production of Hamlet

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Gzovskaya OV Ways and byways. Portraits. Articles and memories of OV Gzovskaya / All-Russian Theatrical Society.- M .: WTO, 1976. - 432 p.

Literature
 Russian Berlin / Compilation, preface and personalities VV Sorokina. - M .: MGU, 2003. - 368 p. - 3 000 copies. - . (A lane.) Moscow Art Theater
Actresses of the Russian Empire
Soviet expatriates in Czechoslovakia
Soviet expatriates in Germany
Soviet expatriates in Poland
Soviet expatriates in Yugoslavia
Soviet actresses
1883 births
1962 deaths
Actresses from Moscow

masks:
Olga Gzovskaya
Olga Knipper
Gzovskaya
Gzovskaya
Olga Pernov
Olga


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
<mask> (; born 27 December 1984) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 6 attained on 5 January 2009. He turned professional in 2002 and has won 14 singles titles on the ATP Tour. Personal life
<mask> was born in Nice but grew up in Fontenay-sous-Bois, outside Paris. His nickname is "Gilou". His mother is a doctor.His father works for an insurance company. <mask> has a brother. Supported by his parents, he started playing tennis at the age of six. Owing to a growth delay that runs in the family, he was shorter than most children of his age during his early teenage years. This is the reason he cites Michael Chang as a major influence, as his comparatively small frame proved that size was not the only factor in playing tennis. <mask> and his wife have two sons, born in 2010 and 2013. <mask> has admitted to liking to play video games, especially Virtua Tennis, as a hobby.Career

Early career: 2002–2005
<mask> began his professional tennis career in the summer of 2002, competing at multiple Futures tournaments in France before playing in tournaments outside the country of his birth. His first Futures title came in Lisbon, Portugal, in June 2003, and he reached the quarterfinals of three other tournaments. He then captured his second title in Jamaica in September. During 2004, he saw three wins in France and another in Algeria. In January 2005, he won his first ATP Challenger hard court tournament in Nouméa, New Caledonia, and defended it the following year. Ranked as world no. 113, <mask> made his Grand Slam debut at the 2005 French Open, losing in the first round to Olivier Patience in four sets.2006: Reaching the Top 50
<mask> competed at the first grand slam of the year, the Australian Open, where he beat Nicolás Massú and Tomáš Berdych before being defeated by No. 13 Thomas Johansson in the third round. After his result in the tournament, he broke into the top 100 for the first time, climbing to no. 89. The Frenchman reached his first ATP Tour final in Valencia with wins over Andreas Seppi in the quarterfinal and Fernando Verdasco in the semifinal, but lost to Nicolás Almagro. He also made it to the semifinals in Casablanca, as well as the round of 16 in both the ATP Masters Series tournaments in Monte Carlo and Hamburg. At the end of the year <mask> was ranked 45th in the world.2007: 1st & 2nd ATP titles
At the beginning of the year, <mask> won his first ATP title at the Open 13 in, Marseille, France. En route to the final, <mask> beat Lleyton Hewitt, Jonas Björkman, and Robin Söderling. In the final, <mask> defeated Marcus Baghdatis. In September, he won his second title of the year and of his career at the BCR Open Romania in Bucharest, Romania. He defeated Victor Hănescu in the final He broke into the top 30 for the first time on November 5 and finished the year as no. 29 in the world. By the end of the year, his career record against top-10 players was 4–5.2008: Reaching the top 10
<mask> reached the quarterfinals in Marseille, defeating world no. 3 Novak Djokovic, in the second round. He reached the semifinals in Rotterdam the next week. In May, he entered Casablanca as a qualifier due to his late entry to the tournament, even though his ranking was high enough to be seeded. <mask> went on to win the tournament by defeating Julien Benneteau in the final. After his third-round loss to countryman Richard Gasquet at Wimbledon, <mask> left Europe for the United States to familiarize himself with the hard courts before the U.S. Open Series. He competed in the Indianapolis Tennis Championships and hit a career-best no.25. He beat Tommy Haas and Sam Querrey before reaching the final. He won the tournament by beating the defending champion Dmitry Tursunov in straight sets. The following week, he competed at the Rogers Cup in Toronto, including a win over world no. 1 Roger Federer in the second round, before losing in the semifinals to German veteran Nicolas Kiefer. This resulted in an entry into the top 15, three ranks behind the French no. 1, Richard Gasquet.<mask> participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, playing in the singles for France alongside Paul-Henri Mathieu, Michaël Llodra, and Gaël Monfils. He played doubles with Monfils, but lost in the first round to the Indian team of Bhupathi and Paes. In singles the Frenchman reached the third round, with victories over the Swede Robin Söderling and the Argentine Guillermo Cañas before falling to James Blake. At the US Open, <mask> was seeded number 16. On day 6, he lost in the third round to the 17th seed Juan Martín del Potro, in a five-set match that lasted 3 hours and 47 minutes. On September 14, <mask> won his third title of the year and fifth ATP title, defeating Carlos Moyà at the 2008 BCR Open Romania. <mask> entered the 2008 Madrid Masters the following month, defeating no.11 James Blake and no. 14 Ivo Karlović to reach the semifinals. In the semifinals, he defeated world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in three sets, in a match that lasted 3 hours and 23 minutes. <mask> lost the final to world no.4 Andy Murray in straight sets. The tournament boosted <mask> to a career-high world no. 10, displacing Richard Gasquet as French no.1. By the end of 2008, France had four players in the top 20 (<mask>, Tsonga, Gasquet, and Monfils), for the first time since computer rankings were established in 1973. The French paper L'Equipe grouped the four player as néo-Mousquetaires. French TV Canal+ went on to produce a documentary series that followed the four French players and their touring around the world. The series "Les 4 Mousquetaires" went on the air for two seasons during 2009 and 2010. On November 3, he qualified for the Tennis Masters Cup, a tournament usually reserved for the world's top eight players in Shanghai, after Rafael Nadal withdrew due to knee complications and fatigue. He was drawn in the red group with Roger Federer, Andy Murray, and Andy Roddick.In his first round-robin match, he beat defending champion Federer. <mask> lost to Murray in his next match, but followed it with a victory over Radek Štěpánek, who replaced the injured Roddick. After Murray defeated Federer in the final round-robin match, <mask> qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to world no. 3 Novak Djokovic in three sets. After this, he achieved a career high of world no. 7. In December, he played in the newly formed Masters France exhibition tournament for the eight French players who had performed best at the four French tournaments.He qualified from the round-robin group stage with victories against Julien Benneteau, Marc Gicquel, and Josselin Ouanna. In the final against Michaël Llodra, Llodra pulled out with a shoulder injury, resulting in <mask>'s becoming the inaugural winner of the tournament. 2009: Australian Open Quarterfinal

<mask> started the year off rising to a new career high of world no. 6 and played at the Hopman Cup, teaming up with compatriot Alizé Cornet to form the French mixed doubles duo. <mask> played at the first grand slam of the year, the 2009 Australian Open, as the sixth seed, winning against Pablo Andújar in the first round. He also competed with Jérémy Chardy as his partner in the doubles, but the pair was defeated by Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić in the first round. The second round saw him beat Chris Guccione in four sets.He defeated Mario Ančić in the third round, winning in straight sets, advancing to his fourth-round encounter with compatriot Gaël Monfils. <mask> was leading in the first two sets before Monfils retired due to a wrist injury. He then played world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the quarterfinals, where he was dispatched, although he had two set points in the second set. He participated in the Davis Cup with other French team members Michaël Llodra, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, and Richard Gasquet. The team competed against the Czech Republic from 6–8 March. <mask> lost to Tomáš Berdych, and then played Radek Štěpánek (whom his fellow team member Tsonga beat).<mask> lost to Štěpánek, which gave the Czechs a 3–1 lead, and France was out of the Davis Cup in the first round for the first time since 2000. He went into the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami ranked no. 7 in the world. After early round wins over former world no. 1 Lleyton Hewitt and Rainer Schüttler, he lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the fourth round. <mask> competed at the Monte Carlo Masters against Andreas Beck in the men's singles, suffering a first-round loss. This result caused his world ranking to drop 2 spots down to no.9.<mask> played at the Estoril Open as the top seed, before losing to Albert Montañés, in the third round. He competed with fellow players Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Jérémy Chardy, forming the French team at the ARAG World Team Cup in Düsseldorf. He lost to Robin Söderling and Rainer Schüttler. He entered Roland Garros as the seventh seed and defeated Wayne Odesnik in five sets in the first round, and Robert Kendrick in straight sets. He was ousted by Victor Hănescu in the third round. During his third-round match, he also injured his right knee. Although he finished the match, this knee injury turned into a chronic problem that bothered him for a long time.<mask> competed at the Aegon Championships at Queens as the third seed, where he beat Grigor Dimitrov, but lost to Mikhail Youzhny in the third round. At Wimbledon, <mask> was the eighth seed. He defeated Bobby Reynolds and Thiago Alves in the first two rounds. He defeated Victor Hănescu in the third round with a comfortable victory. He was ousted in the fourth round by unseeded Spaniard Juan Carlos Ferrero. <mask> was the top seed at Stuttgart's MercedesCup and defeated Philipp Petzschner in the first round in straight sets before falling to Mischa Zverev. At the 2009 International German Open, after receiving a bye in the first round, he lost to wildcard Daniel Brands.During the 2009 US Open Series, he played at the 2009 Rogers Cup where he lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round. One week later, he played at the 2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open in Cincinnati, where he defeated Nikolay Davydenko en route to the quarterfinals, where he would lose to world no. 4 Novak Djokovic. At the 2009 US Open, <mask> equalled his best result of third round before retiring with a right knee injury during his third-round match against Juan Carlos Ferrero. <mask> then won his first title of 2009 at the 2009 PTT Thailand Open, where he defeated Viktor Troicki in the final. In Tokyo, <mask> was third seeded, but fell to Mikhail Youzhny in the second round. A week later he played at the Shanghai Masters as the eight seed and received a bye in the first round.He beat Viktor Troicki and Tomáš Berdych, but lost to Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals. <mask> returned to France to play in Lyon and lost in the semifinal to Michaël Llodra. At the next tournament in Valencia, he lost to Mikhail Youzhny in the quarterfinal. He continued to Bercy to play at the BNP Paribas Masters. He was seeded 11th and had a first-round bye. In the second round, he faced Ivan Ljubičić, whom he had never beaten in three previous meetings. In the third set of the match, <mask> has a break point to go up.While lunging to return a wide serve, he aggravated a right knee injury that has been bothering him for half of the 2009 season. Although with his movement severely hampered, <mask> decided to play on to finish the match in front of an enthusiastic home crowd. He went on to win the match. Two days later, he played his R3 match against Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and lost. In an interview during the Paris tournament, <mask> said that the doctor had recommended that he take at least two months to recover from his knee injury. 2010: 7th ATP title
<mask> started the 2010 season with an exhibition event, the World Tennis Challenge in Adelaide. It started badly for him, as he struggled with injury.He lost three straight matches, including to the home favourite Bernard Tomic. <mask> pulled out of the Australian Open due to his knee injury. He did not make any appearances in the 2010 season until mid-February, at the 2010 Open 13 tournament in Marseille. As the fifth seed, he lost in the first round to Olivier Rochus in Marseille. He then participated in the 2010 Dubai Tennis Championships as the eighth seed, but lost in the first round to Marcos Baghdatis. Continuing to struggle, he lost to Brian Dabul, in the second round of the 2010 BNP Paribas Open Masters 1000 in Indian Wells. He also lost to Horacio Zeballos in the second round of the 2010 Sony Ericsson Open.The right knee injury eventually caused <mask> to miss the entire spring European clay season, including the French Open. He returned to the tour in mid-June, winning two rounds in Eastbourne before losing to Michaël Llodra, in the quarterfinals. At the 2010 Wimbledon tournament <mask> reached the third round with one win, due to a second-round walkover (Illya Marchenko), before losing to Andy Murray. He began the summer US hard court season by participating in the Legg Mason Tennis Classic in Washington, D.C. and won two rounds of matches, including a win over top 10 player Andy Roddick. He lost in the quarterfinals to David Nalbandian in three sets. However, he suffered first-round defeats in his next two ATP Masters 1000 series tournaments, the 2010 Rogers Cup in Toronto and the 2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open in Cincinnati, showing that he still had a long way to go to return to his top form and regain his confidence. He moved on to New York to take part in US Open, reaching the thirdround by defeating Donald Young in three sets and Philipp Kohlschreiber in five sets.He went on to meet the no. 1 player Rafael Nadal in the third round. Before the match, upon hearing about the birth of <mask>'s son, Nadal jokingly offered to buy <mask> a flight ticket back to Europe to see his son before the match. <mask> stayed, and lost to the eventual champion Nadal in three sets. After the US Open, <mask> was picked to represent France in the semifinal of the Davis Cup because Tsonga was unavailable due to injury. He did not play any live rubber, but defeated Eduardo Schwank in a dead rubber. <mask> then entered 2010 Open de Moselle as a wildcard.Originally, he did not plan to play the tournament because his son was supposed to be due that week. He took his newly extended family to Metz and eventually won the tournament by beating Mischa Zverev in the final. This was his seventh career title, coming only weeks after the birth of his first child. During the award ceremony, he thanked his girlfriend for the support and called the victory a "family effort." The rest of 2010 was more ups and downs, indicating that after returning from the serious knee injury, he was still struggling to find his consistency. He went on to participate in two Asian tournaments. He beat Sam Querrey and Michael Berrer to reach the quarterfinals of the China Open in Beijing, but lost to Djokovic in two relatively easy sets.He then crashed out at the first round of the Shanghai Masters to Stanislas Wawrinka in two sets. After Asia, he returned to France to play Open Sud de France in Montpellier. During his second-round encounter, he was down a set

masks:
Gilles Simon
Gilles Simon
Gilles
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Gilles
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 and a break to David Nalbandian before fighting back to even the match at one all. He was then down a break again before coming back to beat the seeded player in three sets. He eventually lost in the quarterfinals to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in three sets. The next tournament was the Valencia Open 500, where <mask> beat two seeds (Fernando Verdasco and Nikolay Davydenko) en route to his semifinal appearance, only to lose to the Spanish qualifier Marcel Granollers in two sets. At the last tournament of the season, BNP Paribas Masters, <mask> again came from behind to beat newcomer Andrey Golubev in three sets during their first-round encounter.However, in the seoncd round, after failing to convert numerous breakpoints in the beginning of set 1, a set that he eventually lost, <mask> faded and lost the second set to the eventual title winner Robin Söderling in two easy sets. In December 2010, <mask> was picked to play the Davis Cup final for France, which was hosted in Belgrade, Serbia. The final was filled with controversies over which player was to be called on to play each match. France called on <mask> to play Novak Djokovic in day 1, while others were expecting Michaël Llodra to play, based on Llodra's good form in the BNP Paribas Masters (including beating Djokovic in two sets). <mask> lost the match in three sets. When France won the doubles and led 2–1 going into day 3, the French team seemed to be on its way to yet another Davis Cup victory. But day 3 opened with Djokovic in strong form defeating Monfils in three easy sets, leaving the championship to a deciding fifth match.The schedule originally stated that the fifth match was to be played by Janko Tipsarević and <mask>. Last-minute replacement saw both replaced by their teammates Viktor Troicki and Michaël Llodra respectively. The fifth match ended in anticlimactic fashion with an overwhelming victory for Troicki in three sets. Serbia won the Davis Cup for the first time in history. France's defeat caused some to question the choice of Llodra to play Troicki when <mask> has a 4–0 head-to-head record against the Serb. Nevertheless, everyone agrees that Troicki and the Serbian team had displayed convincing performances over their French opponent, and the victory was well deserved. 2011: 8th & 9th ATP title
<mask> started his 2011 campaign by entering three tournaments in Australia: Brisbane, Sydney, and the 2011 Australian Open.He lost in the first round of Brisbane to Santiago Giraldo. One week later, he beat Alexandr Dolgopolov and Ernests Gulbis in the quarterfinals and semifinals and then captured his eighth title by defeating Viktor Troicki, in the final of the Sydney International. In the Australian Open, he lost to Roger Federer in the second round in a five set match. <mask> went on to defeat Nicolás Almagro in Hamburg, capturing the most important title (in terms of ATP Rankings) of his career to date. <mask> reached the fourth round of Roland Garros but lost to Robin Söderling. At Wimbledon, he lost to Juan Martín del Potro in the third round. At the US Open, he advanced to the fourth round by defeating Ricardo Mello, Guillermo García-López, and Juan Martín del Potro before losing to John Isner.2012: 10th ATP title, Two Masters 1000 semifinals
<mask> started his season at the Brisbane International, where he made the semifinals before losing to Alexandr Dolgopolov. At the 2012 Australian Open, <mask> went out in the second round to his countryman Julien Benneteau. He made the semifinals of the Open Sud de France and the quarterfinals at Indian Wells, where he went down against John Isner. In Miami, he was defeated by Andy Murray in the fourth round. <mask> reached the semifinals at the Monte Carlo Rolex Masters, defeating Janko Tipsarević and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round and quarterfinals, respectively. He lost in the semifinals to champion Rafael Nadal. Subsequently, he won the tournament in Bucharest, Romania, defeating Fabio Fognini in the final.At the Masters 1000 event in Madrid, he lost in the third round to Janko Tipsarević. In Rome, he lost to David Ferrer in the third round. At the French Open he lost in the third round to Stanislas Wawrinka in five sets. At Wimbledon he lost in the second round to Xavier Malisse. He fell in the third round of the US Open to Mardy Fish. He made the semifinals at Paris Bercy Masters where he lost to qualifier and eventual runner-up Jerzy Janowicz to close the year. 2013: 11th ATP title
He started off the season once again at the Brisbane International where he lost in the quarterfinals to Marcos Baghdatis.At the 2013 Australian Open, he reached the fourth round before losing to Andy Murray. He also made it to the fourth round of the French Open, before losing to Roger Federer in five sets. At Wimbledon he lost in the first round to Feliciano Lopez. He missed the US Open due to illness. In September, he won the Moselle Open for his 11th career title, beating Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the final in straight sets. 2014: Late resurgence, Second Masters 1000 Final in Shanghai
<mask> began his season at the Brisbane International with a shocking loss to world no.147 Marius Copil in the first round. He lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round of the 2014 Australian Open after beating both Daniel Brands (saved seven match points) and Marin Cilic in five sets.He lost to Andy Murray despite taking the first set and serving for the match in the second at 5–3 in the quarterfinals of the 2014 Abierto Mexicano Telcel. At the Rome Masters, <mask> pushed World no.1 Rafael Nadal in three sets. He made to semifinals of the 2014 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur before falling to Federico Delbonis. <mask> made back-to-back grand slam third rounds in 2014 French Open and 2014 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2014 US Open, he pull off an upset against world no.5 David Ferrer in reach the fourth round, where he was defeated by eventual champion Marin Cilic in five sets. <mask> reached the final of the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, upsetting Stan Wawrinka, Tomas Berdych and Feliciano Lopez. He lost to Roger Federer in two tight tiebreak sets.2015: 12th ATP title, Wimbledon quarterfinal & return to the top 10
<mask> started 2015 slowly, losing to James Duckworth in Brisbane. He made the third round of the 2015 Australian Open, where he was defeated by David Ferrer. He reached the quarterfinals of the 2015 Open Sud de France, losing to Jerzy Janowicz. He then snapped his 12-match losing streak against Andy Murray in the quarterfinals of the 2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament. However, he was defeated by Tomas Berdych in the semifinals. A week later, he won his second title at the Open 13 tournament in Marseille by defeating compatriot Gael Monfils. He reached the fourth round at Roland Garros, losing to eventual champion Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.He later reached his second grand slam quarterfinal at Wimbledon, defeating Monfils and Berdych before losing to Roger Federer. In September, he made the final of the Moselle Open, where he was denied a third title at the tournament in a hard-fought final by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, who took his third title at the tournament instead. 2016: Semifinals in Shanghai
<mask>, seeded no. 5, lost in the first round of the World Tour 250 Series event in Brisbane to unseeded Grigor Dimitrov to start the year. <mask> competed in the Australian Open, where he fell to World No. 1 Novak Djokovic in the 4th round, following a straight sets win against Federico Delbonis in the 3rd round. In March, <mask> lost in the quarterfinals of the Miami Open to David Goffin, having beaten world no.11 Marin Čilić in the third round. He lost in the 3rd round of the Masters 1000 events in Monte Carlo and Madrid to Stan Wawrinka and Andy Murray respectively. <mask> lost to Viktor Troicki in the 3rd round of the French Open. That was the last ATP World Tour clay court tournament of the first half of the year. Unlike the first five months of the year, the grass court season did not yield much success for <mask>. Two grass-court warmup tournaments, Stuttgart and Queen's Club, saw premature defeats, both to much lower-ranked opponents. <mask>, seeded no.16, lost in the second round of Wimbledon to Grigor Dimitrov. After losing in the 3rd round to Rafael Nadal at the Olympics, <mask> (seeded no. 30) fell to Italian Paolo Lorenzi at the US Open in the second round. <mask>, seeded no. 4, lost to top seed Dominic Thiem in the semifinals of the Moselle Open. At the Shanghai Masters, the unseeded <mask> upset no. 3 seed Stan Wawrinka 6–4,6–4 in the third round before losing in the semifinals to Andy Murray in straight sets – it was one of the last matches of the year that Murray played as the world no.2 before he became world no. 1 three weeks later on 7 November. <mask> played his last ATP World Tour tournament of the year at the Paris Masters, where he upset no.10 seed Roberto Bautista Agut in the second round before losing to no.7 seed Tomáš Berdych in the third round. 2017: Finished year outside the Top 50 in singles, first time since 2005
At the Australian Open, <mask> (seeded no. 25) fell one round short of matching the previous year's performance, bowing out in the third round to no. 3 seed and eventual quarter-finalist Milos Raonic. For the whole of 2017, he managed to progress beyond the round of 16 of the singles main draw in only two ATP World Tour tournaments – in Marseille (lost in the quarterfinals to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga) and Lyon (lost in the quarterfinals to Tomáš Berdych).At the Shanghai Masters, the unseeded <mask> upset no. 8 seed and world no. 10 David Goffin  7–6(4), 6–3 in the second round before losing to unseeded compatriot Richard Gasquet in three sets in the third round. <mask> managed just a 16–25 singles win-loss record and finished the year outside the Top 50 of the ATP singles rankings for the first time since 2005. 2018: Two ATP World Tour singles titles and first career doubles final
In the opening week of the 2018 ATP World Tour, <mask> won his 13th career ATP World Tour singles title and his first since the 2015 Open 13 in Marseille by defeating each of the top 3 seeds in the ATP World Tour 250 series tournament in Pune, India; he beat defending champion and third seed Roberto Bautista Agut in the second round, top seed Marin Čilić (ranked world No. 6 in the ATP singles rankings) in the semi-finals and Kevin Anderson 7–6(7–4), 6–2 in the final (it was his first victory against Anderson in their FedEx ATP Head2Head series, after losing their previous three matches). <mask> also reached his first career ATP World Tour doubles final in Pune; he and his French partner Pierre-Hugues Herbert lost in the doubles final to Robin Haase and Matwé Middelkoop.On 8 January (the first Monday after the end of the Pune tournament), <mask>'s ATP singles ranking and ATP doubles ranking improved from world no. 89 (7 days earlier) to no. 57 and from world no. 824 (7 days earlier) to no. 300 respectively. <mask> lost his first round match against Jared Donaldson in straight sets in his next tournament, at the Sydney International. At the Australian Open, he was forced to retire from his second round match when he was trailing 2–6, 0–3 against the no.10 seed Pablo Carreño Busta because of an injury to his left thigh muscles that he had sustained the week before in Sydney. In the final of the Lyon Open against Dominic Thiem, <mask> won the first set 6–3 and failed to convert a break point while leading 4–2 in the second set; that was the turning point of the match and Thiem recovered to defeat <mask>  3–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–1. <mask> won his 14th ATP Tour singles title of his career in Metz, defeating Matthias Bachinger in the final. 2019: Second ATP final on grass
<mask> reached his second final on grass at the 2019 Queen's Club Championships where he lost to Feliciano Lopez in a tight three set match. 2020: Fifth semifinal at the Open 13, struggles in COVID season
<mask> was eliminated from the 2020 Australian Open by Nick Kyrgios and from the US Open by Taylor Fritz, both in the second rounds. He was also eliminated from the 2020 French Open by Denis Shapovalov in the first round. He reached the semifinal at the 2020 Open 13 in Marseille for the fifth time in his career with a win over top seed Daniil Medvedev in the quarterfinals before he was defeated by Felix Auger-Aliassime.He has won 29 matches at the tournament (29-11), more triumphs than he has earned at any other event. 2021: Loss of form, Hiatus, return and continued struggles, out of top 100 in 15 years
<mask> began his 2021 season at the first edition of the Murray River Open. He lost in the second round to Jérémy Chardy. At the Australian Open, he was defeated in the first round by fifth seed Stefanos Tsitsipas. In Montpellier, <mask> was eliminated in his first-round match by Dennis Novak. After suffering that first-round defeat, he announced that he would be stepping away from the tour for an undetermined period of time because his heart wasn't in it and also for his Mental health. <mask> returned to action in April at the Sardegna Open.He was beaten in the second round by third seed and eventual champion, Lorenzo Sonego. On 19 July 2021, he fell out of the top 100 after 15 years, being there for 785 consecutive weeks in the top 100, having the sixth longest streak, that began back in January 2006 behind Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Fernando Verdasco, Richard Gasquet and Novak Djokovic. At the 2021 Kremlin Cup he reached the quarterfinals where he was defeated by Aslan Karatsev. It was the first time he won two ATP matches in a row and reached an ATP quarterfinal in a year. With this run <mask> improved his win-loss record to three matches shy of his 500 win. Coaching team and equipment
<mask> plays with a Head YouTek IG Prestige MP and 2009 Team series bag, both from Head, a brand which he has endorsed. His racquet is strung with Head IntelliTour 16 String.He is sponsored by Adidas for his clothing. In September 2012, <mask> parted ways with his longtime coach Thierry Tulasne, whom he had worked with since February 2007. He played without a coach prior to adding Étienne Laforgue to his team. His fitness trainer is Paul Quetin. Significant finals

ATP World Tour Masters 1000 finals

Singles: 2 (2 runners-up)

ATP Tour career finals

Singles: 22 (14 titles, 8 runner-ups)

Doubles: 1 (1 runner-up)

Performance timelines

Singles
Current through the 2022 Marseille Open. {|class="wikitable nowrap" style=text-align:center;font-size:92%
!Tournament!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!2013!!2014!!2015!!2016!!2017!!2018!!2019!!2020! !2021
!2022!!SR!!W–L!Wins over top 10 players
He has a  record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10. ATP career earnings * Statistics correct .'' Notes

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
French male tennis players
Olympic tennis players of France
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Hopman Cup competitors
Sportspeople from Nice
Sportspeople from Boulogne-Billancourt
People from Neuchâtel
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
<mask> (born January 18, 1986) is an American filmmaker, actor, producer, author, director, activist and internet celebrity, best known for being one-fourth of the YouTube group The Try Guys (2014–present) and his work with BuzzFeed (2013–2018). <mask> is also known for his work with various human rights and LGBTQ+ advocacy charities such as The Trevor Project. Early life and education
<mask>, the only son of South Korean immigrants <mask> (이민영) and <mask> (양재홍), was born and raised in Pflugerville, Texas. He is the middle child with two sisters, <mask> and <mask>. Growing up in Pflugerville, <mask>’s family was one of the few Asian Americans in their community. He struggled with body image issues and low self-esteem as, in his own words, no one looked like him, and suffered bullying due to his appearance. Early on, he lost his Texan accent by the prodding of his sister, who told him he might face difficulties getting into Ivy League schools.Initially, he was skeptical going into films, explaining that his doubts on getting mainstream acceptance stemmed from the lack of representation of Asian American in films and for being queer. "I was a very insecure, self-conscious kid, and as an artist even more so. I always assumed that my otherness was a curse — that I would be held back by my Asian and queer identities. My time online has shown me that the viewers will respond most to authentic storytelling. "At school, he engaged in artistic activities including visual arts, illustration, theater, choir, and dance. However, a seventh-grade teacher recommended that he should consider studying filmmaking. He later went to the University of Southern California and, during his studies, wrote and directed six short films discussing wide-ranging social and political topics, including mental health care, gay marriage, and school shootings.He graduated with a B.A. in cinema production in 2008. Career

Early career
After college, <mask> did freelance work producing music videos, and writing and filming commercials for five years. BuzzFeed
In 2013, he started working for the video branch of the internet media company, BuzzFeed, at the recommendation of a colleague who saw his potential in creating short format videos. He was given free control on experimental video productions and exploring new modes of storytelling. A few of his works were centered on stereotypes, body issues, and Asian American identity, producing If Disney Princes Were Real, which had earned over 70 million views, and Women’s Ideal Body Types Throughout History, which was viewed over 40 million times and remained one of the Buzzfeed's most watched, on YouTube. According to Glamour, "<mask>'s videos work because they're funny-with-a-message riffs on all-American cultural touchstones—like high school vs. college, awkward private moments, and, pet ownership.But he's also not afraid to tackle issues surrounding race—especially when it comes to the Asian American community." The Try Guys

Reaction to some of his early works was positive particularly on their distinct candor and reliability, which led to more provocative sketches such as The Try Guys, which was established in Buzzfeed in 2014, together with co-stars Ned Fulmer, Keith Habersberger, and Zach Kornfeld. The show is a mix of social commentary and humor depicting scenarios such as men going through labor pains and prostate cancer check at a doctor's office. The cast initially were hesitant about stepping out from behind the camera as they had limited experience being talents, but they continued producing videos for the show after receiving positive feedback. <mask> became a recognized name on social media, taking on challenges, such as the first season's first episode, "Guys Try Ladies' Underwear For the First Time". The New York Times considered him as the breakout star of The Try Guys. On June 16, 2018, he and the rest of the cast of The Try Guys announced that they had left BuzzFeed and established 2nd Try LLC, a company that they own and manage.The 2nd Try LLC gained all rights to The Try Guys brand. <mask> was the first of The Try Guys to leave Buzzfeed, as his contract was up before the other Try Guys. On May 4, 2019, The Try Guys announced that they were publishing a book called The Hidden Power of F*cking Up, which was published June 18, 2019, and became a New York Times Best Seller. In the same video, The Try Guys also announced their tour which took on a "'80s rock-band theme" and their podcast which is called the "Try-Pod". In October 2020, the Try Guys endorsed Joe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign. Television
In 2019, <mask> made a guest appearance on NBC sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, portraying Theo Lorql. Themes

Asian American representation
<mask> advocates for equality, representation and diversity in his projects, tackling racial issues surrounding Asian American identity and the lack of interest in casting Asian American men as audiences are exposed to desexualized secondary roles or comedic sidekicks.The Buzzfeed video parody, Awkward Moments Only Asians Understand, in which he starred, listed a slew of racial stereotypes and daily microaggressions. Marcie Bianco wrote in her critique, "The microaggressions detailed in this BuzzFeed video don't have to do with the size of the Asian population, but rather highlight how stereotypes are perpetuated by generalizations. Perhaps sometimes useful shorthand, these generalizations turn into ugly and limiting stereotypes that foreclose the possibility of people knowing each other as individuals." In another related video, If Asians Said the Stuff White People Say, in which he starred in together with Los Angeles-based writer and comedian <mask>, featured Asian Americans asking questions and comments to white characters that were considered uncomfortable for Asian Americans. In her review, Lauren Davidson wrote, "That's the first racist stereotype turned on its head in BuzzFeed Yellow's latest video, which shows, with that classic trick of role reversal, how ridiculous Asian typecasting has become." On March 17, 2017, he produced Asian Men Re-Create Iconic Underwear Ads, which explored the theme of Asian men as sexually inferior. The video recreated iconic ads of underwear using average Asian male models.LGBTQ
<mask> is the only openly gay member among the cast of The Try Guys, which also produced LGBTQ-themed videos such as season 1 episode 3 The Try Guys Try Drag for the First Time. On October 31, 2018, he published the video, My Dad’s First Drag Show (Featuring Kim Chi), where he adopted a similar approach into exploring drag culture by inviting his father and stepmother to a drag show. <mask> has adopted the drag queen persona named Cheyenne Pepper, and Mayhem Miller from season 10 of RuPaul's Drag Race is Pepper's drag mother. He also executive produced and hosted Buzzfeed's Queer Prom five-part video series that documented the journey of eight high school seniors who attended the company's first LGBTQ-themed prom together with other students. On October 11, 2018, commemorated as the 30th year of National Coming Out Day, he took over the website of the advocacy group Human Rights Campaign, publicly sharing his experience growing up as a young queer man and advocating for LGBTQ representation in the media. Furthermore, he collaborated with The Trevor Project, a non-profit LGBTQ suicide prevention organization, to raise awareness on the incidence of suicide among LGBTQ youth and in inviting volunteers in the video Eugene Volunteers at the Trevor Project, which was posted on December 3, 2018. He previously referred to himself as "queer" and "LGBT".However, on June 15, 2019, <mask> explicitly came out as gay in a music video. Two days later, <mask> released an accompanying video documenting the creation of the video, his feelings, and his thoughts surrounding his coming out process. Personal life
On June 15, 2019, <mask> came out as gay in a YouTube video that has donated over $150,000 to The Trevor Project. Since 2012, he has been in a relationship with Matthew McLean. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards
<mask> won several awards with his work with The Try Guys. Additionally, on Jun 20, 2016, he was awarded Unforgettable 2015 Male Breakout Star of the Year. In October 2019, he was awarded the Human Rights Campaign's Visibility Award.In May 2020, he was given the Phenom Award for LGBTQ+ Activism from the Shorty Awards for his work with The Trevor Project, for whom he's hosted multiple fundraising events and raised over $120,000 through his coming out video. See also
 List of The Try Guys episodes

References

External links

1986 births
American male web series actors
American male actors of Korean descent
American film directors of Korean descent
Web series producers
People from Pflugerville, Texas
BuzzFeed people
American gay actors
LGBT American people of Asian descent
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
Living people
LGBT YouTubers
YouTubers from Texas
LGBT people from Texas
Male actors from Texas
Male bloggers
Male YouTubers
Streamy Award winners
Video bloggers
Comedy YouTubers
Film directors from Texas
Shorty Award winners
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Eugene Lee Yang
Eugene Lee Yang
Yang
Min yeong Lee
Jae hong Yang
Christie Yang
Whitney Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Jenny Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang


title: Mikhail Budyko

texts:
<mask> (; 20 January 1920 – 10 December 2001) was a Soviet and Russian climatologist and one of the founders of physical climatology. He pioneered studies on global climate and calculated temperature of Earth considering simple physical model of equilibrium in which the incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's system is balanced by the energy re-radiated to space as thermal energy. <mask>'s groundbreaking book, Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface, published in 1956, transformed climatology from a qualitative into a quantitative physical science. These new physical methods based on heat balance were quickly adopted by climatologists around the world. In 1963, Budyko directed the compilation of an atlas illustrating the components of the Earth's heat balance. Life
Ethnically Belarussian, Budyko earned his M.Sc. in 1942 from the Division of Physics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute.As a researcher at the Leningrad Geophysical Observatory, he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences in 1951. Budyko served as deputy director of the Geophysical Observatory until 1954, as director until 1972, and as head of the Division for Physical Climatology at the observatory from 1972 until 1975. In that year he was appointed director of the Division for Climate Change Research at the State Hydrological Institute in Leningrad. Studies
He was the first researcher to discuss the Pleistocene megafauna extinction. Budyko published a study in 1969 outlining Arctic amplification, describing how Arctic sea ice decline affects Arctic temperatures due to the ice–albedo feedback. The study attracted significant attention since it hinted at the possibility for a runaway positive feedback within the global climate system. In 1972, Budyko published forecasts focusing on Artic sea ice and global mean temperature extending out 100 years.He calculated that a few tenths of one percent increase in solar radiation input could melt the icecaps. <mask> reckoned that, as early as 2050, the Arctic Ocean's ice cover could be melted away entirely. His models showed that a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 would melt all the polar ice, whereas a reduction of the gas by half "could lead to a complete glaciation of the Earth." For the period 1970 to 2019, <mask>'s model predicted an increase in the global mean temperature of  and the disappearance of about 50% of Arctic multiyear ice. Observations have since corroborated his figures, recording that mean global temperature increased by  over this period and that the extent of multiyear Arctic sea ice in September 2019 was about 46% smaller than in 1970. He predicted that Earth's mean global temperature would increase about  by 2070. In 1972, Budyko calculated that a mere few tenths of one percent increase in solar radiation input could melt the ice caps.Moreover, his models similarly indicated that a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 would melt all the polar ice, whereas reduction of the gas by half "can lead to a complete glaciation of the Earth." Due to the rising use of fossil fuels, at some time "comparatively soon (probably not later than a hundred years)... a substantial rise in air temperature will take place." As early as 2050, Budyko calculated, the Arctic Ocean's ice cover could be melted away entirely. In 1987 <mask> together with Yuri Izrael published a study on anthropogenic climate change dealing with climate impact assessment, concluding that parts of the northern hemisphere would gain some benefit from climate change. However, near the end of his life in 1998 he gave a speech titled, "Global Climate Warming and its Consequence" when accepting the Blue Planet Prize 1998, and concluding, "On balance, it is very difficult to conclude with higher accuracy whether the projected global warming would be globally beneficial to human society or not." In 1990, Budyko was co-author of section five of the IPCC First Assessment Report, writing about equilibrium climate change and its implications for the future, and was a peer reviewer for the report. Climate engineering
Budyko is believed to have been the first, in 1974, to put forth the concept of artificial solar radiation management with stratospheric sulfate aerosols if global warming ever became a pressing issue.This climate engineering proposal has been dubbed "Budyko's Blanket" in his honor. Bibliography
Испарение в естественных условиях, Л., 1948;
Атлас теплового баланса, Л., 1955 (ред. );
Тепловой баланс земной поверхности, Л., 1956. Andronova, Natalia G<mask>, <mask>. In Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, edited by Ted Munn, vol. 1. New York: Wiley, 2002.Dr. <mask><mask>. Profiles of the 1998 Blue Planet Prize Recipients. The Asahi Glass Foundation. 2001 [cited May 23, 2002]. <mask>, M. I., G. S. Golitsyn, and Y. A. Izrael. Global Climatic Catastrophes. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.<mask>, M. I., Global Ecology. Progress Publisher Moscow, 1980
<mask>, M. I. and Y. A. Izrael., eds. Anthropogenic Climatic Change. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991. <mask>, M. I., A.B. Ronov, and A. L. Yanshin. History of the Earth's Atmosphere. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987. <mask>, <mask>. "Global Climate Warming and its Consequence." Blue Planet Prize 1998 Commemorative Lectures . Ecology Symphony.October 30, 1998 [cited May 23, 2002]. References

External links
<mask><mask>'s Ice-Albedo Feedback Model
<mask>'s (1920–2001) contributions to Global Climate Science: from heat balances to climate change and global ecology
<mask> interviewed by Spencer Weart

1920 births
2001 deaths
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian people of Belarusian descent
Russian climatologists
Burials at Serafimovskoe Cemetery

masks:
Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
. Budyko
Mikhail Ivanovich
Mikhail I
. Budyko
. Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
Mikhail I
Mikhail I
. Budyko
Mikhail Budyko
Mikhail Budyko


title: Stella Immanuel

texts:
<mask>el (born 1965) is a Cameroonian-American physician and pastor. In mid-2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a video went viral on social media platforms in which <mask> said hydroxychloroquine can cure COVID-19, and that public health measures such as social distancing and the wearing of face masks are ineffective and unnecessary. The platforms removed <mask>'s videos and posts, which they said promote misinformation related to the pandemic. <mask> is also the founder of a charismatic religious organization called Fire Power Ministries; in her role as its founder, she has made fringe claims about other medical conditions, especially in relation to human sexuality. She has said endometriosis, infertility, miscarriages, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by spirit spouses, and has also endorsed a number of conspiracy theories that include the involvement of space aliens and the Illuminati in manipulating society and government. <mask> emigrated to the United States after completing her medical education in Nigeria. , she practices at a private clinic in a strip mall in Texas.Early life and education

<mask>-Ambe Immanuel was born in 1965 in Cameroon. She recalled an interest in becoming a doctor from the age of four. <mask> attended Cameroon Protestant College, a secondary school in Bali, Cameroon. In 1990, she graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in Nigeria, and in 1992, she moved to the United States. <mask> completed a pediatric residency at the Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center in New York City. Career

<mask> began her career at a pediatric clinic in Louisiana. In December 1998, she began practicing at the Southern Pediatric Clinic in Alexandria, Louisiana.In February 1999, she joined the General Pediatric Care Clinic as a pediatrician. In 2006, she owned the Rapha Medical and Therapeutic Clinic in Louisiana. She is a registered physician in Texas and has an active medical license from the Texas Medical Board. The Texas Medical Board licensed Immanuel in November 2019 for pediatrics and emergency medicine with an address associated with Houston's Rehoboth Medical Center, which she also owns. <mask> is a pastor, founder of Fire Power Ministries, and host of a radio-and-television show entitled Fire Power. She is a self-described "wealth transfer coach" and has written several books as part of her Occupying Force series. She has been an outspoken supporter of U.S. president Donald Trump and a long-time critic of what she views as sexual immorality, including "unmarried couples living together, homosexuality, bestiality, polygamy" and what she calls "homosexual terrorism".According to Concordia University theological studies professor André Gagné, Immanuel's beliefs originate in African Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement. A January 2020 medical malpractice lawsuit filed against Immanuel alleged that a 37-year-old woman died after Immanuel failed to remove a needle fragment from her arm. According to the lawsuit, the woman told Immanuel that the broken needle had lodged in her arm while injecting methamphetamine. Immanuel prescribed medication but did not take X-rays or attempt to retrieve the needle. It was removed later, by a different physician, after a flesh-eating infection had developed. In April 2020, local deputies were unable to serve notice of the Louisiana suit because Immanuel had moved to Houston, where she set up a new practice in a strip mall. Medical and other claims

Immanuel's medical claims are sometimes combined with her spiritual beliefs: she believes many gynecological illnesses are the result of having sex dreams with succubi and incubi, and receiving demon sperm; and that endometriosis, infertility, miscarriages, and sexually transmitted infections are caused by spirit spouses.In a 2015 sermon, <mask> said space alien DNA is used in medical treatments and that "reptilian spirits" and other extraterrestrials run the U.S. government. The same year, she also said Illuminati are using witches to destroy the world through abortion, gay marriage, children's toys, and media, including Harry Potter, Pokémon, Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana. In another 2015 sermon, she said scientists are developing vaccines to stop people from being religious. COVID-19 misinformation

On July 27, 2020, <mask> appeared in a Tea Party Patriots-backed press event that was organized by the group "America's Frontline Doctors" in front of the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court Building. She said she had cured COVID-19 in 350 patients at her clinic using a combination of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and zinc , and that public health measures such as the wearing of facial coverings and social distancing are unnecessary. Republican representative Ralph Norman from South Carolina attended the event. The far-right website Breitbart News published the press event's video.On October 15, 2021, the Texas medical board took corrective action against Immanuel over her hydroxychloroquine prescription for COVID patient. In the decision, the board ordered Immanuel to submit proof of informed consent, or permission given by a patient who understands the possible health outcomes, for all of the off-label treatments she provides. She also was ordered to pay a $500 fine to the medical board. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had earlier removed the emergency use authorization for the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19; the FDA said the drug had not been proven to be an effective treatment for the disease. The video was viewed millions of times, and was retweeted by President Trump and his son Donald Trump Jr., before it was removed from Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube because it broke their rules on misinformation. At a press conference on July 28, President Trump was asked why he would trust Immanuel in the context of her claims about alien DNA and its supposed use in medicine; Trump defended Immanuel, saying, "I thought she was very impressive, in the sense that, from where she came—I don't know what country she comes from—but she said she's had tremendous success with hundreds of different patients. I thought her voice was an important voice, but I know nothing about her."After being pressed further, Trump abruptly ended the briefing. After her content was removed from Facebook, <mask> expressed her frustration on Twitter, saying, "Hello Facebook put back my profile page and videos up or your computers with  start crashing till you do. You are not bigger that  God. I promise you. If my page is not back up face book  will be down in Jesus  name." She later posted a tweet accusing technology companies of censorship; that content was also removed from the platform. In July 2021, she sued CNN and specifically Anderson Cooper, saying that their coverage of her in 2020 had defamed her.Notes

References

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1965 births
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masks:
Stella Gwandiku Ambe Immanu
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Stella Gwandiku
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel


title: John Wesley

texts:
<mask> (; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist, who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day. Educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford, <mask> was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1726 and ordained as an Anglican priest two years later. At Oxford, he led the "Holy Club", a society formed for the purpose of the study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life; it had been founded by his brother Charles and counted George Whitefield among its members. After an unsuccessful ministry of two years, serving at Christ Church, in the Georgia colony of Savannah, he returned to London and joined a religious society led by Moravian Christians. On 24 May 1738, he experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his "heart strangely warmed". He subsequently left the Moravians and began his own ministry.A key step in the development of <mask>'s ministry was, like Whitefield, to travel and preach outdoors. In contrast to Whitefield's Calvinism, <mask> embraced Arminian doctrines. Moving across Great Britain and Ireland, he helped form and organise small Christian groups (societies) that developed intensive and personal accountability, discipleship, and religious instruction. He appointed itinerant, unordained evangelists – both women and men – to care for these groups of people. Under <mask>'s direction, Methodists became leaders in many social issues of the day, including the abolition of slavery and prison reform. Although he was not a systematic theologian, <mask> argued for the notion of Christian perfection and against Calvinism—and, in particular, against its doctrine of predestination. His evangelicalism, firmly grounded in sacramental theology, maintained that means of grace sometimes had a role in sanctification of the believer; however, he taught that it was by faith a believer was transformed into the likeness of Christ.He held that, in this life, Christians could achieve a state where the love of God "reigned supreme in their hearts", giving them not only outward but inward holiness. <mask>'s teachings, collectively known as Wesleyan theology, continue to inform the doctrine of Methodist churches. Throughout his life, <mask> remained within the established Church of England, insisting that the Methodist movement lay well within its tradition. In his early ministry years,  <mask> was barred from preaching in many parish churches and the Methodists were persecuted; he later became widely respected, and by the end of his life, was described as "the best-loved man in England". Early life

<mask> was born in 1703 in Epworth, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Lincoln, as the fifteenth child of <mask> and his wife Susanna <mask> (née Annesley). <mask> was a graduate of the University of Oxford and a poet who, from 1696, was rector of Epworth. He married Susanna, the twenty-fifth child of Samuel Annesley, a dissenting minister, in 1689.Ultimately, she bore nineteen children, of which nine lived beyond infancy. She and <mask> had become members of the Church of England as young adults. As in many families at the time, <mask>'s parents gave their children their early education. Each child, including the girls, was taught to read as soon as they could walk and talk. They were expected to become proficient in Latin and Greek and to have learned major portions of the New Testament by heart. Susanna <mask> examined each child before the midday meal and before evening prayers. The children were not allowed to eat between meals and were interviewed singly by their mother one evening each week for the purpose of intensive spiritual instruction.In 1714, at age 11, <mask> was sent to the Charterhouse School in London (under the mastership of <mask> from 1715), where he lived the studious, methodical and, for a while, religious life in which he had been trained at home. Apart from his disciplined upbringing, a rectory fire which occurred on 9 February 1709, when <mask> was five years old, left an indelible impression. Some time after 11:00 pm, the rectory roof caught on fire. Sparks falling on the children's beds and cries of "fire" from the street roused the <mask>s who managed to shepherd all their children out of the house except for <mask> who was left stranded on an upper floor. With stairs aflame and the roof about to collapse, <mask> was lifted out of a window by a parishioner standing on another man's shoulders. <mask> later used the phrase, "a brand plucked out of the fire", quoting Zechariah 3:2, to describe the incident. This childhood deliverance subsequently became part of the <mask> legend, attesting to his special destiny and extraordinary work.<mask> was also influenced by the reported haunting of Epworth Rectory between 1716 and 1717. The <mask> family reported frequently hearing noises and occasionally seeing apparitions which they believed were caused by a ghost called 'Old Jeffery'. Education

In June 1720, <mask> entered Christ Church, Oxford. After graduating in 1724, <mask> stayed on at Christ Church to study for his master's degree. He was ordained a deacon on 25 September 1725—holy orders being a necessary step toward becoming a fellow and tutor at the university. On 17 March 1726, <mask> was unanimously elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. This carried with it the right to a room at the college and regular salary.While continuing his studies, he taught Greek and philosophy, lectured on the New Testament and moderated daily disputations at the university. However, a call to ministry intruded upon his academic career. In August 1727, after completing his master's degree, <mask> returned to Epworth. His father had requested his assistance in serving the neighbouring cure of Wroot. Ordained a priest on 22 September 1728, <mask> served as a parish curate for two years. In the year of his ordination he read Thomas à Kempis and Jeremy Taylor, showed his interest in mysticism, and began to seek the religious truths which underlay the great revival of the 18th century. The reading of William Law's Christian Perfection and A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life gave him, he said, a more sublime view of the law of God; and he resolved to keep it, inwardly and outwardly, as sacredly as possible, believing that in obedience he would find salvation.He pursued a rigidly methodical and abstemious life, studied Scripture, and performed his religious duties diligently, depriving himself so that he would have alms to give. He began to seek after holiness of heart and life. <mask> returned to Oxford in November 1729 at the request of the Rector of Lincoln College and to maintain his status as junior fellow. Holy Club

During <mask>'s absence, his younger brother Charles (1707–88) matriculated at Christ Church. Along with two fellow students, he formed a small club for the purpose of study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life. On <mask>'s return, he became the leader of the group which increased somewhat in number and greatly in commitment. The group met daily from six until nine for prayer, psalms, and reading of the Greek New Testament.They prayed every waking hour for several minutes and each day for a special virtue. While the church's prescribed attendance was only three times a year, they took Communion every Sunday. They fasted on Wednesdays and Fridays until nones (3:00 pm) as was commonly observed in the ancient church. In 1730, the group began the practice of visiting prisoners in gaol. They preached, educated, and relieved gaoled debtors whenever possible, and cared for the sick. Given the low ebb of spirituality in Oxford at that time, it was not surprising that <mask>'s group provoked a negative reaction. They were considered to be religious "enthusiasts", which in the context of the time meant religious fanatics.University wits styled them the "Holy Club", a title of derision. Currents of opposition became a furore following the mental breakdown and death of a group member, William Morgan. In response to the charge that "rigorous fasting" had hastened his death, <mask> noted that Morgan had left off fasting a year and a half since. In the same letter, which was widely circulated, <mask> referred to the name "Methodist" with which "some of our neighbors are pleased to compliment us." That name was used by an anonymous author in a published pamphlet (1732) describing <mask> and his group, "The Oxford Methodists". This ministry, however, was not without controversy. The Holy Club ministered and maintained support for Thomas Blair who in 1732 was found guilty for sodomy.Blair was notorious among the townspeople and his fellow prisoners, and <mask> continued to support him. For all of his outward piety, <mask> sought to cultivate his inner holiness or at least his sincerity as evidence of being a true Christian. A list of "General Questions" which he developed in 1730 evolved into an elaborate grid by 1734 in which he recorded his daily activities hour-by-hour, resolutions he had broken or kept, and ranked his hourly "temper of devotion" on a scale of 1 to 9. <mask> also regarded the contempt with which he and his group were held to be a mark of a true Christian. As he put it in a letter to his father, "Till he be thus contemned, no man is in a state of salvation." Journey to Savannah, Georgia

On 14 October 1735, <mask> and his brother Charles sailed on The Simmonds from Gravesend in Kent for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in the American colonies at the request of James Oglethorpe, who had founded the colony in 1733 on behalf of the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America. Oglethorpe wanted <mask> to be the minister of the newly formed Savannah parish, a new town laid out in accordance with the famous Oglethorpe Plan.It was on the voyage to the colonies that the <mask>s first came into contact with Moravian settlers. <mask> was influenced by their deep faith and spirituality rooted in pietism. At one point in the voyage a storm came up and broke the mast off the ship. While the English panicked, the Moravians calmly sang hymns and prayed. This experience led <mask> to believe that the Moravians possessed an inner strength which he lacked. The deeply personal religion that the Moravian pietists practised heavily influenced <mask> and is reflected in his theology of Methodism. <mask> arrived in the colony in February 1736, and lived for a year at the parsonage that stood on the site of today's Oliver Sturges House.He approached the Georgia mission as a High churchman, seeing it as an opportunity to revive "primitive Christianity" in a primitive environment. Although his primary goal was to evangelise the Native American people, a shortage of clergy in the colony largely limited his ministry to European settlers in Savannah. While his ministry has often been judged to have been a failure in comparison to his later success as a leader in the Evangelical Revival, <mask> gathered around him a group of devoted Christians, who met in a number of small group religious societies. At the same time, attendance at Communion increased over the course of nearly two years in which he served as Christ Church's parish priest. Nonetheless, <mask>'s High Church ministry was controversial among the colonists and it ended in disappointment after <mask> fell in love with a young woman named Sophia (or Sophy) Hopkey. He hesitated to marry her because he felt that his first priority in Georgia was to be a missionary to the Native Americans, and he was interested in the practice of clerical celibacy within early Christianity. Following her marriage to William Williamson, <mask> believed Sophia's former zeal for practising the Christian faith declined.In strictly applying the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer, <mask> denied her Communion after she failed to signify to him in advance her intention of taking it. As a result, legal proceedings against him ensued in which a clear resolution seemed unlikely. On 22 December 1737, <mask> fled the colony and returned to England. It has been widely recognised that one of the most significant accomplishments of <mask>'s Georgia mission was his publication of a Collection of Psalms and Hymns. The Collection was the first Anglican hymnal published in America, and the first of many hymn-books <mask> published. It included five hymns he translated from German. <mask>'s "Aldersgate experience"

<mask> returned to England depressed and beaten.It was at this point that he turned to the Moravians. Both he and Charles received counsel from the young Moravian missionary Peter Boehler, who was temporarily in England awaiting permission to depart for Georgia himself. <mask>'s noted "Aldersgate experience" of 24 May 1738, at a Moravian meeting in Aldersgate Street, London, in which he heard a reading of Martin Luther's preface to the Epistle to the Romans, revolutionised the character and method of his ministry. The previous week he had been highly impressed by the sermon of <mask>, whom he was assisting in the service at St Mary le Strand. Earlier that day, he had heard the choir at St Paul's Cathedral singing Psalm 130, where the Psalmist calls to God "Out of the depths." But it was still a depressed <mask> who attended a service on the evening of 24 May. <mask> recounted his Aldersgate experience in his journal:
"In the evening I went very unwillingly to a society in Aldersgate Street, where one was reading Luther's Preface to the Epistle to the Romans.About a quarter before nine, while he was describing the change which God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt my heart strangely warmed. I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for salvation, and an assurance was given me that he had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death." A few weeks later, <mask> preached a sermon on the doctrine of personal salvation by faith, which was followed by another, on God's grace "free in all, and free for all." Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. Burnett writes: "The significance of <mask>'s Aldersgate Experience is monumental ... Without it, the names of <mask> and Methodism would likely be nothing more than obscure footnotes in the pages of church history." Burnett describes this event <mask>'s "Evangelical Conversion". It is commemorated in Methodist churches as Aldersgate Day.After Aldersgate: Working with the Moravians

<mask> allied himself with the Moravian society in Fetter Lane. In 1738 he went to Herrnhut, the Moravian headquarters in Germany, to study. On his return to England, <mask> drew up rules for the "bands" into which the Fetter Lane Society was divided and published a collection of hymns for them. He met frequently with this and other religious societies in London but did not preach often in 1738, because most of the parish churches were closed to him. <mask>'s Oxford friend, the evangelist George Whitefield, was also excluded from the churches of Bristol upon his return from America. Going to the neighbouring village of Kingswood, in February 1739, Whitefield preached in the open air to a company of miners. Later he preached in Whitefield's Tabernacle.<mask> hesitated to accept Whitefield's call to copy this bold step. Overcoming his scruples, he preached the first time at Whitefield's invitation a sermon in the open air, near Bristol, in April 1739. <mask> wrote,
I could scarce reconcile myself to this strange way of preaching in the fields, of which he [Whitefield] set me an example on Sunday; having been all my life till very lately so tenacious of every point relating to decency and order, that I should have thought the saving of souls almost a sin if it had not been done in a church. <mask> was unhappy about the idea of field preaching as he believed Anglican liturgy had much to offer in its practice. Earlier in his life he would have thought that such a method of saving souls was "almost a sin." He recognised the open-air services were successful in reaching men and women who would not enter most churches. From then on he took the opportunities to preach wherever an assembly could be brought together, more than once using his father's tombstone at Epworth as a pulpit.<mask> continued for fifty years—entering churches when he was invited, and taking his stand in the fields, in halls, cottages, and chapels, when the churches would not receive him. Late in 1739 <mask> broke with the Moravians in London. <mask> had helped them

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