title: Robert Marve

texts:
<mask> (born February 10, 1989) is a former American football quarterback who played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). As a high school player, <mask> was named Florida's Mr. Football and member of Parade All-American team as senior at Plant High School in Tampa, Florida, after breaking three state season records. Those records included passing yards (4,380), which topped 2007 Heisman Trophy winner Tim Tebow's marks, touchdowns (48) and completions (280). He also led the Panthers to a Class 4A state championship by completing 30 of 46 passes for 305 yards and three touchdowns in the title game. <mask> chose Miami to continue his football career, and sat out his true freshman season after suffering a broken arm in a car accident over the summer. He became the starter for the 2008 Hurricanes squad, leading them to a 6–5 record before being replaced by Jacory Harris for the final regular season game, and the bowl game. Three days after the bowl game, <mask> announced that he would be transferring from Miami, citing that he had decided he, "...couldn't play for coach Shannon".After a dispute about where <mask> would be able to transfer to, he decided on Purdue on May 20, 2009. After his transfer, <mask> tore his ACL during summer practice, but did not miss any time, as he had to sit out a year due to NCAA transfer rules. In 2010, <mask> won the starting quarterback position and started the first four games of the season, going 2–2 before re-tearing his ACL, ending his season. In 2011, <mask> had been named the backup quarterback to Rob Henry. But when Henry went down with an ACL tear of his own a week before the first game, <mask> was not ready to become the starter with soreness still in his knee. He sat the first two games of the season, before returning to back up Caleb TerBush the entire season. <mask> was granted a sixth year of eligibility by the NCAA, after missing multiple seasons with injuries.He returned to Purdue, and was named the backup to TerBush once again in 2012. But one day before the Boilermakers' first game, TerBush was suspended and <mask> was named the starter. <mask> responded with his best game to date as a Boilermaker, throwing for 295 yards and three touchdowns. The following week, TerBush returned as the Boilermakers starter. <mask> continued to see action in relief of TerBush, until he tore his ACL yet again. After missing three weeks, <mask> returned to his reserve role with the Boilermakers. After TerBush led the Boilermakers to a 2–6 record as a starter, he was benched in favor of <mask>.<mask> led Purdue to three straight victories to end the regular season, and helped the Boilermakers collect their second consecutive bowl appearance. Early years
<mask> is the son of <mask>, a former NFL player. Marve was selected as Florida's Mr. Football and named to the Parade All-American team as senior at Plant High School in Tampa, Florida after breaking three state season records. Those records included, passing yards (4,380), which topped 2007 Heisman Trophy winner Tim Tebow's marks, touchdowns (48) and  completions (280). He also led the Panthers to Class 4A state championship by completing 30 of 46 passes for 305 yards and three touchdowns in title game. After originally committing to the University of Alabama following his senior season, <mask> changed his commitment to Miami. Marve committed to the University of Miami on January 31, 2007.He chose Miami over offers from Alabama, Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan State, Purdue, and South Florida. College career

Miami

2007 season
<mask> was redshirted for his true freshman season in 2007 after a summer car accident in which he suffered a broken arm. 2008 season
He was 6–5 as a starter during the 2008 season, splitting his playing time with true freshman Jacory Harris. He started every game except the season opener against Charleston Southern, for which he was suspended as the result of <mask>'s arrest in Coconut Grove when he was charged with two misdemeanors – resisting arrest without violence and criminal mischief – after he punched and broke a car mirror then tried to elude police by running away. <mask> finished the 2008 regular season with 9 passing touchdowns and 13 interceptions. He also had 1,293 passing yards on 116 completions on 213 attempts, for a passer rating of 107.19. Miami accepted a bowl bid to play California in the 2008 Emerald Bowl, but <mask> did not play in the bowl after being suspended for academic reasons on December 18, 2008.Transfer
On December 30, 2008, <mask> announced his intention to transfer from Miami; it is believed that he was considering the University of Florida, the University of Tennessee, and Louisiana State University. In response, Miami stipulated that he could not transfer to any school in Florida, the ACC, or the SEC. <mask> appealed to the school's athletic appeals committee, and after much negative publicity, Miami lifted part of the transfer limitations to allow him to transfer to any school in the SEC, except the University of Florida, the University of Tennessee, and Louisiana State University. Those three SEC schools were singled out based on beliefs by Miami that individuals representing the <mask> family contacted those schools regarding <mask>'s potential transfer. The in-state ban still stood, however, except for the University of South Florida and the University of Central Florida, to which he was allowed to transfer. In January, <mask> told the Miami Herald that Bob Stoops, head coach of the Oklahoma Sooners, had expressed an interest in <mask>'s transfer. Eugene also suggested that <mask> was considering Oklahoma State University, Purdue University and the University of South Florida.Shortly after Eugene's announcement, Bob Stoops was interviewed by Tulsa World and stated that he had not contacted <mask> or his family and had no interest in recruiting <mask>. Stoops expressed confusion as to how such a rumor could have started and commented that he was satisfied with the quarterbacks he currently had. Purdue

2009 season
On May 20, 2009, <mask> announced he would transfer to Purdue University. On July 21, 2009, <mask> tore his ACL, but was already required to sit out a year due to transfer, so he did not miss any playing time. 2010 season
In 2010, it was announced that <mask> would be the No. 1 quarterback entering preseason camp. <mask> started in the Boilermaker's 2010 opener against Notre Dame and completed 31 of 42 for 220 yards with 2 interceptions, and Purdue lost 23–12.<mask> was injured in the second quarter of the Boilermakers' third game of the season, a 24–13 win over Ball State, but returned the following week against Toledo. During the Toledo game, <mask> dropped back to pass, and tore his left ACL, ending his season. 2011 season
In 2011, <mask> was accused of receiving improper benefits while playing at Miami from Nevin Shapiro. <mask> admitted to receiving benefits in an agreement with the NCAA, which allowed him to be ruled eligible to play the 2011 season. <mask> missed the first two games of the Boilermakers season with his injured knee still not feeling 100%. He returned for the Southeast Missouri State game. <mask> returned from his injury and was named TerBush's backup.<mask> completed 7 of 8 passes in the game for 91 yards and a touchdown, as the Boilermakers won 59–0. Against Notre Dame, <mask> completed 9 of 22 passes for 91 yards. TerBush started the game, but there was also significant playing time for Marve. After the game, Danny Hope had said TerBush had a better command of the offense, and Marve played outside the system when he didn't need to. This sparked <mask> to tweet about the situation saying, "Don't understand how I was not playing in the system! It was rough from the get go, don't understand how that was on me." Hope went on to say that he was fine with the way <mask> handled the situation, he was just upset at how the fans and media took the comment as negative.The following week against Minnesota, he was again listed as the backup. The Boilermakers won the game 45–17 with TerBush and <mask> splitting time again. For the game he completed 4 of 6 passes for 15 yards and a touchdown. 2012 season

On January 13, 2012, <mask> was granted a sixth year of eligibility by the NCAA due to the high number of injuries he has received throughout his career. <mask> entered his senior season looking at splitting playing time once again with TerBush, and now the fully recovered Henry. With TerBush working mostly with the first team, he was expected to start the first game of the year, until it was announced (one hour prior to gametime) that TerBush was suspended and <mask> was the starting quarterback. Marve responded by having the best game of his Boilermaker career, throwing for 295 yards and 3 touchdowns, in a 48–6 win over Eastern Kentucky.TerBush returned to his starting role the following week against rival, Notre Dame. TerBush played the entire first quarter for the Boilermakers, but since the Boilermakers were head scoreless, <mask> replaced TerBush at quarterback in the second quarter. <mask> moved the ball for Purdue, leading them on two scoring drives resulting in 10 points. <mask> had Purdue close to scoring again in the 4th quarter, when he was sacked and re-injured his knee. TerBush came in during the drive and threw the game tying score to Antavian Edison. Purdue would lose on the next drive as Notre Dame made a game-winning field goal. A few days after the Notre Dame game, it was made public that <mask> had re-torn his ACL, and that he would be sidelined for a few weeks.Statistics
Through the 2012 regular season, <mask>'s statistics are as follows:

<mask> has a 6–4 win/loss ratio for his career as the starting quarterback at Purdue. Professional career
Prior to the 2013 NFL Draft, <mask> was projected to be undrafted by NFLDraftScout.com. He was rated as the 26th-best quarterback in the draft. He was not invited to the NFL Scouting Combine, he posted the following numbers during his Purdue pro-day workouts:

After going undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft, <mask> attended the Tampa Bay Buccaneers rookie minicamp on a tryout basis. On March 7, 2014, <mask> signed with the Canadian Football League's Winnipeg Blue Bombers. In the 2014 CFL season he appeared in 2 regular season games, completing 11 of 22 pass attempts for 1 touchdown, with 0 interceptions. <mask> only played in 3 games during the 2015 season before announcing his retirement mid-season.He completed 34 of 55 passing attempts (61.8%) for 346 yards with 1 touchdown and 4 interceptions; for a passer rating of 55.6. Personal life
On July 13, 2018, <mask> was arrested in Hillsborough County, Florida and booked on charges of felony battery / domestic battery by strangulation; he was released on bond later the same day. Earlier that week, <mask>'s ex-girlfriend filed a petition seeking a temporary injunction for dating violence. Two separate incidents were cited in that petition, one of which led to an arrest warrant being issued and the domestic violence charges being filed. Charges were later filed for violence against <mask> by his new girlfriend while on probation for his previous conviction of domestic violence. References

External links
 Winnipeg Blue Bombers profile
 Purdue profile

1989 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football quarterbacks
Miami Hurricanes football players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Players of American football from Tampa, Florida
Players of Canadian football from Tampa, Florida

masks:
Robert Eugene Marve
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Eugene Marve
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Robert
Robert Marve
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title: Yuka Honda

type: original

texts:
<mask> is a Japanese-American musician who resides in New York City. She is a multi-instrumentalist (mainly piano, synthesizer, sampler and other keyboards), composer, record producer, and co-founder of the band Cibo Matto. Throughout her career, she has collaborated with a diverse array of musicians, including Petra Haden, Sean Lennon, Mike Watt, Nels Cline, Tricky, Harper Simon, Beastie Boys, Los Lobos, Brooklyn Funk Essentials, Mitchell Froom, Medeski Martin & Wood, Marc Ribot, Yoshimi P-We, Arto Lindsay, Edie Brickell, Vincent Gallo, Luscious Jackson, Dave Douglas, Bernie Worrell, and Caetano Veloso. Biography
<mask> was born in Tokyo, Japan and spent a few years of her childhood in Germany and Denmark. She went to school in Aix-en-Provence, France then moved to New York City in November 1986. She had some classical training in her childhood but never thought that she would become a musician. When she came to New York, she was writing for a Japanese food magazine.In 1988 she hit her first stage at CBGB's as a keyboard player with Greg Cohen and Michael Blair. In 1989, she started the band "The Flaming Hoops" with boyfriend, then husband Dougie Bowne, E.J. Rodriguez, and Erik Sanko and recorded a self-titled album on which she plays a duet with Michael Brecker. In 1990 she joined Jazz Passengers in their musical play "Jazz Passengers in Egypt", and she appeared in their live album Live at Knitting Factory. She also joined a live hip-hop band "Rhythm Method", then a funk band Brooklyn Funk Essentials, but her main focus was the band she started with husband Dougie Bowne and Marc Anthony Thompson, Hope Is a Muscle. In 1992, she played Queen Elizabeth Hall in South Bank, London, supporting Arto Lindsay along with Marc Ribot, Bernie Worrell, and Brian Eno. In 1993 Honda met Miho Hatori while working with the band Leitoh Lychee.The two formed their own band, Cibo Matto, in March 1994, by which time <mask> had divorced Bowne. The unique formation of the band in which Hatori was the singer who sang all the songs in relation to food and love, and <mask> was the only instrumentalist where she played live electronics and made the sound of a full band, generated a quick sensation in the city, and they signed the record deal with Warner Brothers before the year was over. In 1995, they recorded their debut album Viva! La Woman with Mitchell Froom and Tchad Blake. That year they met Russell Simins when they opened for Blues Explosion, and started the band Butter 08 with Mike Mills, Evan Bernard, and Rick Lee. Honda produced their self-titled album with Simins. Both Cibo Matto and Butter 08 released their albums in 1996.She was in a romantic relationship with Sean Lennon from 1996 to 2000 and produced his 1998 album Into the Sun. The two met when Honda remixed Yoko Ono's song "Talking to the Universe" (from the album Rising), along with Thurston Moore, Tricky, Beastie Boys and Ween. Cibo Matto invited Lennon and Timo Ellis to join the band as they started to tour frequently. From 1996 to 2000, Honda toured extensively with all three of these projects. Also in 1996, Cibo Matto worked with the film director Michel Gondry on their single Sugar Water, a highly artistic music video in the form of a visual palindrome. Cibo Matto broke up in the year 2001. Honda's work since then seems to be concentrated more in the downtown New York scene, working with musicians such as Dave Douglas, Susie Ibarra, Vincent Gallo, Trevor Dunn, Jim O'Rourke, and John Zorn, for whose label Tzadik Honda recorded her two solo albums.In 2003, <mask> collaborated with Boredoms drummer Yoshimi P-We, under the name Yoshimi and Yuka. In 2005, <mask> worked for Hal Willner at Expo 2005 for the 3D animation which was directed by Robert Wilson. She also sang on the Dopo Yume album The Secret Show. In 2006 <mask> played keyboards on Sean Lennon's album Friendly Fire and acted as musical director for the supporting tour. In 2007 she co-produced Irina Lazareanu with Sean Lennon. She also wrote songs and recorded with Edie Brickell on her new album The Heavy Circles. In 2009 she worked on Yoko Ono's Between My Head and the Sky as assistant producer.She is also credited with mixing the album with Yoko and Sean, and with "Pro-Tools Editing, sampler, e. piano, organ percussion." In late 2009 and early 2010 she performed as a member of the reformed Plastic Ono Band including concerts in Tokyo and New York, and also appeared as a member of the group The Ghost of a Saber Tooth Tiger. She also performed improvisational shows with Mike Watt and Nels Cline in the groups Floored by Four and Brother's Sister's Daughter. During this period she became romantically involved with, and subsequently engaged to, Cline. They married in Japan in November 2010. In 2011, following an eight-year collaboration with Petra Haden, she produced and performed on the album "Salt on Sea Glass" as a member of If By Yes, a group also consisting of Yuko Araki on drums and Hirotaka "Shimmy" Shimizu on guitar, with contributions from David Byrne and Nels Cline. Since 2011 Honda has re-collaborated with Hatori for new Cibo Matto material, to culminate in 2014 with the release of the group's first album in 15 years, Hotel Valentine.

masks:
Yuka Honda
Honda
Honda
Honda
Honda
Honda
Honda


title: Darey

texts:
Dare Art Alade (born February 9, 1982)– popularly known as <mask> – is a Nigerian multi-platinum Afro R&B singer, songwriter, record producer, philanthropist, humanitarian and    entrepreneur. He is also the son of the legendary African Jazz Musician and entertainer Art Alade and the creative director of Livespot360. Early life

Dare (pronounced Da-Ray) Art Alade was born in Lagos to legendary Nigerian Jazz pioneer Art Alade and Olapeju Alade.Dare is the last of five children of Olapeju to Art Alade,a famous Nigerian highlife/jazz artist in the sixties and seventies. Dare, as a child, used to rummage through his father's extensive jazz collection and tag along with him to his concerts. Dare honed his skills at an early age, singing with several choirs, including the National Troupe of Nigeria Choir and then the Cathedral Choir. From the age 15, he began performing extensively in clubs around Lagos, Ibadan and other cities in Nigeria. It was during one of those late night sessions he met an executive at Cool FM, a major Radio station, who appreciated his voice, and his ability to interact with his audience.The determined teenager began shuttling between Cool FM and the University of Lagos where he was studying for a degree in Music, and sang with the a cappella group The Chordwebs. During his time at Cool FM, he had the opportunity to acquire the basic knowledge of radio production and marketing. Career
<mask> has also worked as a successful radio and TV personality, appearing as a coach, judge and host on several TV shows, including Project Fame West Africa, Nigerian Idol, and The Voice Nigeria. He is also a seasoned Master of Ceremonies, voice over artist and philanthropist. Darey is the co-founder of Livespot360, a creative agency responsible for some of the most disruptive concerts in Nigeria. Under his creative direction, Livespot360 has organised several groundbreaking concerts and festivals in Nigeria, which have featured appearances from African and international superstars alike, including Grammy award winners Kelly Rowland, Ciara, Cardi B and global super influencer and TV personality, Kim Kardashian. 2004–06: Project Fame
Darey's big break finally came during the 2004 edition of Project Fame Academy, a well renowned Reality TV show and continent-wide talent hunt and emerged third in the contest.2006–07: From Me 2 U

After an unfruitful record deal with Sony BMG Africa, his debut album 'From Me 2 U' hit the Nigerian market two years later on Storm Records. The album was laced with several hit singles, including 'Fuji' and 'Escalade' which enjoyed massive airplay in the Nigerian and international media. The top selling album also included the song, 'Original Naija' which was used as the theme song for the first ever edition of Big Brother Nigeria. <mask>'s album, 'From Me 2 U' won several awards including the Awards for Musical excellence in Nigeria (A.M.E.N) and the 2006 Channel O Music Video Awards for best R&B Video in Africa. 2008: Project Fame West Africa
In 2008, Darey spent several months as the host of a music based reality show 'Project Fame West Africa' from where he first hit continental fame in the South Africa edition in 2004. 2009: unDAREYted
Two years after the release of his successful debut album, Darey released his highly anticipated follow up entitled 'unDAREYted', on the new start up label, Soul Muzik. The album sold over 150,000 copies across Nigeria in just two months.The album features appearances by Darey's contemporaries and friends: Cobhams Asuquo (Aṣa's producer), 2face Idibia, Naeto C, 9ice, Tee-Y Mix and the up-and-coming R&B crooner, Pheel, to mention a few. The critically acclaimed work features the smash hit ballad "Not The Girl," which has been nominated for several awards and won video of the year at the 2009 Nigerian Entertainment Awards held in Washington DC. unDAREYted caught the attention of the African American Music business legend Dick Griffey, who is credited with discovering and influencing the music careers of artists such as Shalamar, The Whispers, Babyface, L.A. Reid and Dr. Dre. Dick Griffey offered to executive-produce Darey's third album which was to break Darey further into the U.S and international markets but unfortunately he died before the project could be completed. 2010–2015: Double Dare

In 2010, Darey performed at high-profile shows in many cities across the World including Nairobi, Johannesburg, Abuja, Lagos and other major African cities, including a special concert with R&B legend R. Kelly in South Africa and the This Day Peace Concert
Tour in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which had 50 Cent and Ciara as headliners. On request of the President of Nigeria, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, he was invited to perform at the presidential villa in an exclusive dinner to commemorate the Country's 50th independence Anniversary. At the event, which was broadcast live to over 200 million viewers across the world, he performed a medley of 50 songs with his 15-piece band, "Soul band" to a room filled with several African presidents and past world leaders.Darey was the main host of both the Gulder Ultimate Search and Glo Naija Sings reality shows in 2011 and in February 2013, put together alongside his Soul Muzik team one of the biggest shows Nigeria has ever seen, Darey Presents: Love Like A Movie in February 2013 which had the red carpet hosted by Kim Kardashian as well as the highly successful release of the music video, "Asiko" featuring Jozi and Ice Prince. In May 2013 Darey released a new single, Special Fever, produced by internationally acclaimed producer Harmony. In June 2013, hosted the launch of media mogul Mo Abudu's multi-broadcast network Ebony Life TV alongside Dolapo Oni and most recently signed on as an ambassador to Unilever's popular beverage drink – Lipton. Darey also became a judge on Nigerian Idol, replacing Jeffrey Daniel. 2013-2016: Darey Presents Love Like A Movie

Love Like A Movie is a groundbreaking, theatrical concert for Valentines Day held annually by Darey. It set the new standard for cutting-edge production in Nigeria. The first edition of the show was held in 2013.The show was tagged "The Flight of Love" and featured a special appearance from American reality TV star; Kim Kardashian and raised the bar for experiential events in Nigeria. The second edition of Love Like A Movie was held in 2014. and featured a special performance by Kelly Rowland. The third edition of Love Like A Movie was held in 2016 and saw the energetic Ciara take to the stage and also lit up the streets of Lagos with an impromptu dance off. 2015: "Naked"

October 2015, Darey released his fifth studio album titled Naked. The 13-track album made up of afrobeat, soul and R&B features collaborations with Asa, YBNL Nation rapper Olamide and multiple Grammy award-winning Soweto Gospel Choir. Ten of the thirteen songs on the album were produced by Oscar Heman-Ackah. There are also production contributions from  Cobhams Asuquo and Vtek and Dare himself.2018-2019: BAFEST

Darey served as the creative director and also performed at the second biggest festival in Nigeria BAFEST (Born in Africa Festival) in December 2018 and 2019 to rave reviews. The Livespot-produced festival was conceived to retell the African story by showcasing the very best of art, music, film and fashion. The festival had over 50,000 in attendance and broadcast to over 50 million people across Africa. 2019: Livespot X Festival

Darey performed at the Livespot X Festival (produced by Livespot 360) which was held in December 2019 across two African cities Lagos and Accra with Grammy Award winner Cardi B as headline act. The first ever Livespot X Festival in Lagos was the biggest concert in Nigeria with over 60,000 people in attendance. Along with creative directing, hosting and performing at the festival Darey also immersed Cardi B in Nigerian pop culture, showing her around and also paying a philanthropic visit to an orphanage, acting as the entertainment bridge that connects the world to Africa. During her visit, Cardi B adopted a Nigerian name "Chioma" and called herself "Chioma B" on social media which thrilled many of her Nigerian fans.Jah Guide Me
After being away for nearly five years as an active musician, on August 14, 2020, Darey returned with a gospel-esque single titled "Jah Guide Me". The song was released to a wide-acclaim and was accompanied by a very colourful Afro-futuristic video. Darey described Jah Guide Me as the beginning of a deeply African-rooted story.

masks: Darey Darey Darey


title: Andreea Răducan

texts:
<mask> (; born 30 September 1983) is a retired gymnast from Bârlad, Romania. She currently works as a sports announcer and journalist. <mask> began competing in gymnastics at a young age and was training at the Romanian junior national facility by the age of 12. As one of the outstanding gymnasts of the Romanian team in the late 1990s, <mask> was known both for her difficult repertoire of skills and her dance and presentation. Over her four-year senior career, she won Olympic or World Championships medals on every event except the uneven bars and earned three individual World Championships titles, on the floor exercise in 1999 and 2001 and the balance beam in 2001. <mask> competed at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, where she contributed strongly to the Romanian team's gold medal and won an individual silver medal on the vault. She was also the original winner of the all-around title, but was disqualified and stripped of her gold medal shortly after the competition concluded, when it was revealed that she had failed doping controls, testing positive for pseudoephedrine, a banned substance.She and her coaches maintained that she had been given the substance in two cold medicine pills by a Romanian team physician, and that they had not affected her performance in any way. The case generated a significant amount of media attention, and <mask> was supported by members of the gymnastics community and the Romanian public. Her case was brought to the Court of Arbitration for Sport in fall 2000. <mask> herself was exonerated of any personal wrongdoing by the CAS, the Romanian Olympic Committee and the International Gymnastics Federation, and was not subject to any disciplinary measures. However, her medal was not reinstated, and the team doctor who administered the medicine was banned for two Olympic cycles. <mask> returned the year after the Olympics to win five additional World Championships medals, but retired from gymnastics in 2002. As an adult, she has worked as a sports announcer and media personality, and has pursued university level studies in journalism.Early career
<mask> was one of the "new generation gymnasts" groomed to take over the torch of Romanian gymnastics excellence after the retirements of the Olympic medalists Lavinia Miloșovici and Gina Gogean. She began gymnastics at the age of four and a half in her hometown of Bârlad. In 1996, after winning over twenty medals in local and regional competitions, she was invited to train at the Romanian junior team facility in Oneşti. Two years later, she was promoted to the national training center in Deva. <mask>'s first major international event was the 1998 Junior European Championships, where she won a silver medal on the balance beam, tied for bronze on the floor exercise and took fourth place in the all-around. The next year, she rose to the senior ranks and made an impact at the World Championships in Tianjin, China, winning the floor exercise final and placing fifth in the all-around. While <mask>'s work on the uneven bars was considered weak, her skills on beam, vault and floor exercise were applauded.She was also admired because, unlike other members of the Romanian team, she showed a great deal of expression in her choreography and a wide variety of complex skills in her routines. Sydney Olympics
<mask> competed well at the Sydney Olympics, helping the Romanian women to win their first Olympic team gold medal since 1984. She qualified for the floor and vault event finals, and, along with her teammates Simona Amânar and Maria Olaru, the all-around finals. In the preliminary round of competition, she had the second highest all-around score of all competitors in the competition, trailing Russia's Svetlana Khorkina by 0.288. The all-around was mired in controversy. The vault was set 5 centimeters too low, creating a dangerous situation that completely altered the gymnasts' pre- and post-flights. As a result of the incorrectly set vault, many gymnasts suffered serious crashes and injuries during both the warm-ups and the competition, including Khorkina.The British gymnast Annika Reeder was hurt badly enough to withdraw from the remainder of the competition. Even those who escaped injury found themselves shaken by their experiences on the vault. When the error was discovered in the third rotation, International Federation of Gymnastics officials reset the vault height and allowed the competition to continue. They did permit the gymnasts who had vaulted in the first two rotations to take another turn on vault and to be rescored; not every athlete accepted this offer. <mask> was one of the gymnasts who had vaulted on the incorrectly set apparatus but did not suffer a fall on the event and performed without serious error. She continued through the competition, turning in strong performances on beam and floor, and ended up with the all-around gold medal. On the podium with her were her Romanian teammates; Amânar with silver and Olaru with bronze.<mask> was the first Romanian gymnast to win the Olympic all-around title since Nadia Comăneci in 1976; it was also the first time since 1960 that gymnasts from a single country swept the WAG all-around podium at the Olympics. It was also the last time it was possible for three gymnasts from the same country to sweep the all-around, as the "two per country rule" was introduced in the next Olympic cycle. <mask> went on to win the silver medal in the Vault final, behind Elena Zamolodchikova of Russia and ahead of Ekaterina Lobazniouk of Russia. Speculations around the all around gold arose and <mask> was informed that there was a possibility that she could be stripped of her all around gold medal. This affected her mentally and she went to the floor final fazed by the situation. She fell on her third tumbling pass, and received a score of 9.275. Without that error, she would have scored a 9.775, which was enough for the bronze medal.Doping charge
Several days after the competition concluded, the IOC announced that <mask> had tested positive for pseudoephedrine, a banned substance. <mask> and her coaches maintained that she was innocent. As a minor, they argued, she had only followed the treatment plan recommended by Ioachim Oana, the team physician. In the book she published in 2010, <mask> states that a few hours before the competition she had been given Nurofen Cold & Flu, a common over-the-counter medication containing pseudoephedrine, to help treat a fever and cough. She also said that the pills had made her feel dizzy instead of helping her in any way. Despite strenuous appeals from <mask>, her coaches, the Romanian Gymnastics Federation and certain members of the gymnastics community, she was stripped of her gold medal. The gold was re-awarded to Amânar, Olaru was promoted to silver, and former fourth-place finisher Liu Xuan from China was given the bronze medal.<mask>'s test samples from the team and vault event finals were clean; she was therefore allowed to keep the medals she won in these competitions. The Romanian team doctor who gave <mask> the drug in two cold medicine pills was expelled from the Games and suspended through the 2002 Winter Olympics at Salt Lake City and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Both Amânar and Olaru expressed their belief that <mask> was the deserving all-around gold medalist, as did Liu Xuan, who noted,
"I think the all-around champ (<mask>) is very good. I feel very sad and sorry for her that this problem occurred. I can't make sense of it. ...In gymnastics, we rely on technique to complete our moves. It's not possible to rely on drugs or strength, you have to rely on skill."All three declined a formal ceremony when the medals were re-awarded. Following the announcement that <mask> would be stripped of her medal, Olaru and Amânar initially decided to refuse their new medals. However, they changed their minds in order to bring the medals back to Romania. Amânar said of the gold medal, "I didn't win it. It was won by <mask> and belongs to <mask>." It was thought that Amânar had given <mask> the gold medal back once the team returned to Romania, but <mask> herself is quoted as saying, in an interview with gymnastics podcast Gymcastic:

Aftermath
<mask>'s case was brought before the Court of Arbitration for Sport in late September 2000. While the arbitration panel did concede that Răducan had not gained any advantage by taking the pseudoephedrine, and that she was an underage athlete who had followed her team physician's instructions, they also upheld the IOC's decision.The basis for their decision was the belief that the Anti-Doping Code of the Olympics had to be enforced "without compromise", regardless of the intentions or age of the athlete. <mask> was exonerated of any personal wrongdoing by the Romanian Olympic Committee, and therefore was not subjected to the sporting ban usually imposed on athletes involved in doping cases. However, Ion Ţiriac, the president of the Romanian Olympic Committee (ROC), resigned over the scandal. The Executive Committee of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) also unanimously decided not to impose any suspension or punishment on <mask>, taking the stance that losing her medal "was punishment enough for an athlete who was innocent in this situation". The FIG, IOC and ROC all agreed with the punishment and suspension of Dr. Oana, viewing him as the guilty party for administering the banned substance to <mask> and her teammate. Oana was permitted to keep his medical license and was cleared of malpractice by the Deva Physicians' Association, who stated that he had not committed any offense "from a medical perspective". Despite the controversy, <mask> was still seen as a positive and even sympathetic figure.She received a significant amount of support in Romania, and members of the gymnastics community, including Nadia Comăneci, publicly expressed their support. On returning to Romania with her teammates, she was personally greeted and presented with flowers by Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. <mask> was given a replacement medal in pure gold by a Romanian jeweler; she also received several endorsements and sponsorships. At one point, a Răducan doll was even rumored to be in the works. In addition, the prize money she would have been awarded from the Romanian Olympic Committee for her all-around gold was replaced, and doubled, by a group of Romanian businessmen. She, along with Amanar, was awarded a diplomatic passport by the Romanian government for being a "good ambassador for Romania". After Sydney
<mask> continued to train in Deva after the Olympics.With the retirement of her Sydney teammates Amanar, Olaru and Presacan, she found herself one of the senior gymnasts at Deva. At the 2001 World Championships in Ghent, Belgium, she was part of the gold medal-winning Romanian team and picked up four individual medals: gold on floor and beam and bronze in the all-around and vault. Injuries and other concerns marred her training in 2002, and after a poor showing at the Worlds in Hungary, she quietly retired. After retiring, <mask> became a sports announcer in Romania. Her assignments for EuroSport have included the 2004 Olympics in Athens. She also has her own television show and does modelling and promotional work. <mask> also has a master's degree in journalism from the University of Bucharest.In 2010, <mask> released her autobiography, The Other Side of the Medal, which provides further insight into the disqualification of her all-around result at the 2000 Olympic Games. The 2020 "Golden Girl" film, directed by Adrian Robe and Denisa Morariu-Tamas, covers her attempt to reclaim her title. President of Romanian Federation
On August 4, 2017, <mask> <mask> was elected president of the Romanian Gymnastics Federation (RGF). She takes over from Adrian Stoica, who was the President of the Federation for 12 years. It is expected to a huge challenge for <mask> to improve the performances of the Romanian team, who did not qualify a full team to compete at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The failure to qualify marked the first time Romania did not field a gymnastics team at the Games since 1968. Drawing on the success of Romania successfully hosting the European Gymnastics Championships April 18–23, 2017, Romania was expected to contend for the all-around and individual titles at the 2017 World Gymnastics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Unfortunately, their arguably best all-around gymnast Larisa Iordache suffered a torn Achilles tendon during warm-up for qualifying. Romania's other hope for a medal, Catalina Ponor, multiple medal winner in her gymnastics career, failed to qualify in either of the events she competed - beam or floor. She stepped down from her position upon the failure of either the women's or men's teams qualifying for the 2020 Summer Olympics. Skills
Vault: round-off 1/2 twist on, layout cuervo off. Balance beam: full twisting back, double pike back dismount, tucked Korbut
Floor exercise: round-off-back-handspring-double layout, round-off-whip back-double pike, round-off-back-handspring-2.5twist-punch-layout-front, round-off-flick-triple-twist. Floor music
1998-2000: "Las Carretas del Rocio" by the Orquestra Española de Juan Alfonso
2000: "Reel Around The Sun" from the album Riverdance by Bill Whelan
2001: "Eclipse" from the album Nouvelle Expérience by René Dupere
2002: "Meet Her At The Love Parade" by Da Hool and "Right In The Night" by Jam & Spoon featuring Plavka

Competitive history

See also

Doping at the Olympic Games
List of doping cases in sport
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Romania
List of top female medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

External links

More on the Raducan controversy -- and reader poll
List of competitive results at Gymn Forum

1983 births
Living people
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Doping cases in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Romania
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Competitors stripped of Summer Olympics medals
Romanian sportspeople in doping cases
World champion gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Romanian television personalities
Sportspeople from Bârlad

masks:
Andreea Mădălina Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Andreea
Andreea
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Andreea
Andreea
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Răducan
Andreea
Răducan
Răducan


title: Saiyok Pumpanmuang

texts:
<mask> (; born October 22, 1983), formerly known as <mask> (ไทรโยคน้อย ศักดิ์ชัยณรงค์), is a Thai welterweight kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter. He is a former Lumpinee Stadium 154 lbs champion, Thailand 147 lbs champion, WMC 140 lbs champion and Rajadamnern Stadium 140 lbs champion. <mask> rose to fame during his time with Thai Fight, participating in the inaugural Thai Fight Kard Chuek tournament in 2013 and winning the 2014 Thai Fight 72.5kg Tournament. Biography and career
<mask> was born as Sakdaa Niamhom on October 22, 1983, in lower northern Thailand in Phitsanulok, the capital of Phitsanulok Province. He began boxing at the age of 11 in the Sor Riendek camp. Career

Muay Thai
Known as Saiyoknoi Sakchainarong during early years of his career, he rose to fame by winning three stadium titles including one from the prestigious Rajadamnern Stadium. Saiyok was considered in Thailand one of the most promising fighters in the heavier weight classes, however he fell from grace after losing his belts to Singmanee Sor Srisompong, in a controversial match seen by the thai media as fraud.After the fight, promoters shied away from the disgraced fighter, forcing him to find another job and earn living as fruit merchant. He was taken in by a promoter at Lumpinee Stadium, Lieutenant General Sukkhatat Pumphanmuang, who decided to help Saiyok on his return to the sport. Saiyok, took Lumpinee promoter’s last name as part of his new ring alias, and on March 7, 2008, at Lumpinee he won the vacant welterweight title of Thailand by second-round KO over Singsiri Por Sirichai. On January 9, 2010  at the Society of Journalists annual awards show in Bangkok, Saiyok was awarded the Muaythai Ambassador of the Year award. He faced Fabio Pinca at THAI FIGHT Extreme 2012: France on September 19, 2012, in Lyon, France, and won via decision after three rounds. He fought Dylan Salvador in Roschtigrabe, Switzerland, on October 20, 2012, and lost by TKO after he could not continue due to a knee injury at the end of round one. He outpointed Thiago Texeira at THAI FIGHT Extreme 2013: Muay Thai Day in Ayutthaya, Thailand, on February 23, 2013.<mask> was set to fight Chike Lindsay at Muaythai Superfight on May 13, 2013, but the bout was scrapped. Saiyok will coach a team of farangs against a rival team trained by Sudsakorn Sor Klinmee on the reality television series Thai Fight Kard Chuek, to be shown over between July and August 2013 on Thailand's Channel 3. The two coaches will face off in December 2013. He knocked out Mickaël Piscitello with a second-round elbow at THAI FIGHT Extreme 2013: Bangkok in Bangkok on June 29, 2013. He KO'd Muhammad Nsubuga in round two at THAI FIGHT Extreme 2013: Pattani in Pattani, Thailand on September 22, 2013. He beat Seyedisa Alamdarnezam by an extension round decision in a non-tournament match at the Thai Fight Semi-Finals in Bangkok, Thailand on November 30, 2013. On December 22, 2013, he faced Sudsakorn Sor Klinmee at the 2013 Thai Fight Final for the inaugural Thai Fight 70 kg Kard Chuek Championship.He lost the fight by extension fourth-round decision. Lethwei
On July 22, 2018, Saiyok faced Lethwei star Tun Tun Min, former Openweight Lethwei World Champion, under traditional Lethwei rules KO to win in Yangon, Myanmar. Both fighters showed immense heart, but left fans slightly disappointed since it ended in a draw because there was no knockout. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-12-21 || Win||align=left| Antuan Siangboxing || THAI FIGHT Final - 72.5 kg Tournament || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision  || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-11-22 || Win ||align=left| Alka Matewa || THAI FIGHT - 72.5 kg Tournament Semi-Finals || Thailand || KO || 1 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-06-28 ||Win ||align=left| Alka Matewa || THAI FIGHT WORLD BATTLE 2014: Macau || Macau, China || Decision || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-04-06 ||Win ||align=left| Chanajon P.K. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2012-05-27 || Loss ||align=left| Mohamed Khamal || SLAMM: Nederland vs. Thailand VII || Almere, Netherlands || TKO (Doctor stop/cut by elbow) || 2 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2012-04-03 || Win ||align=left| Jordan Watson || WMC Tournament, Final || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision  || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-08-12 || Win ||align=left| Antuan Siangboxing || Thailand vs Challenger Onesongchai Series, Sanam Luang || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-08-06 || Win ||align=left| Bakhulule Baai || || Phuket, Thailand || KO  || 3 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-07-29 || Win ||align=left| Sekou Dembele || Thepprasit Fairtex Stadium || Pattaya, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous)  || 5 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-04-10 || Win ||align=left| Edgar N'Zunga || Star Muaythai V || Maastricht, Netherlands || KO || 4 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2010-02-26 || Win ||align=left| Farid Villaume || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2007-10-27 || Loss ||align=left| Singmanee Sor Srisompong || Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2007-04-30 || Loss ||align=left| Bigben Jor Rachadakon || Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2007-03-24 || Win ||align=left| Berneung Topkingboxing || Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || TKO || 5 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2007-03-15 || Win ||align=left| Berneung Topkingboxing || Daowrungchujarern Fights, Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2006-12-21 || Loss||align=left| Jaroenchai Kesagym || Chujaroen + Jarumueang, Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2006-08-17 || Win ||align=left| Berneung Topkingboxing || Daorungchujaroen Fights, Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || TKO (Low kicks) || 4 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2006-02-18 || Win ||align=left| Kiatthaksin Sor Damrong || Thamjai promotion, Omnoi Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || TKO || 2 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2005-12-16 || Win ||align=left| Tawatchai Sitkriangkri || Siangmorakot Fights, Rajadamnern Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2004- ||Loss ||align=left| Lakhin Wassandasit || Omnoi Stadium, Tam Jai Tournament Final || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Punches) || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

Lethwei record

|- style="background:#c5d2ea;
| 2018-07-22 || Draw ||align=left| Tun Tun Min || 2018 Golden Belt Championship || Yangon, Myanmar || Draw || 5 || 3:00
|-
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

Boxing record

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-03-14 || Win ||align=left| You-Jie Zeng || Wat Khaolangpattana || Lop Buri, Thailand || RTD || 5 || || 2–0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2013-04-09 || Win ||align=left| Muhammad Sapata || Chiranakorn Stadium || Songkhla, Thailand || KO || 2 || || 1–0
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
List of male kickboxers

References

1983 births
Living people
Lightweight kickboxers
Welterweight kickboxers
Middleweight kickboxers
Saiyok Pumpanmuang
Saiyok Pumpanmuang
Kunlun Fight kickboxers
Saiyok Pumpanmuang

masks:
Saiyok Pumpanmuang
Saiyoknoi Sakchainarong
Saiyok
Saiyok Pumpanmuang
Saiyok


title: Toots Hibbert

texts:
Frederick Nathaniel "<mask>" <mask>,  (8 December 194211 September 2020) was a Jamaican singer and songwriter who was the lead vocalist for the reggae and ska band Toots and the Maytals. A reggae pioneer, he performed for six decades and helped establish some of the fundamentals of reggae music. Hibbert's 1968 song "Do the Reggay" is widely credited as the genesis of the genre name reggae. His band's album True Love won a Grammy Award in 2005. Early life
Hibbert was born on 8 December 1942 in May Pen, Jamaica, the youngest of his siblings. Hibbert's parents were both strict Seventh-day Adventist preachers so he grew up singing gospel music in a church choir. Both parents died young and, by the age of 11, Hibbert was an orphan who went to live with his brother John in the Trenchtown neighborhood of Kingston.While working at a local barbershop, he met his future bandmates Raleigh Gordon and Jerry Matthias. Career

1960s
<mask>, a multi-instrumentalist, formed Toots and the Maytals in 1961. He could play every instrument used in his band and would later cite Otis Redding, Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett, and James Brown as key influences. According to Hibbert, Maytals is a reference to the Rastafari term for "do the right thing". There are also statements attributing the source of the name to Hibbert's hometown of May Pen. The band was originally a trio with Gordon and Mathias, and later added Jackie Jackson and Paul Douglas. Much of Hibbert's early recorded output, such as "Hallelujah" (1963), reflects his Christian upbringing.He was also known to write about Rastafarian religious themes, and in an early Maytals song, "Six And Seven Books of Moses" (1963), he addressed the folk magic of obeah and its use of the occult literature of Biblical grimoires, such as the Sixth and Seventh Books of Moses. The Maytals became one of the more popular vocal groups in Jamaica in the mid-1960s, recording with producers Coxsone Dodd, Prince Buster, Byron Lee, Ronnie Nasralla, and Leslie Kong. This success included winning Jamaica's National Popular Song Contest three times with songs Hibbert wrote: in 1966 with "Bam Bam", which won a national song competition, 1969 with "Sweet and Dandy" and 1972 with "Pomps & Pride". In 1966, Hibbert was sentenced to 18 months in prison for possession of marijuana. This experience provided the inspiration for one of his best known songs, "54-46 That's My Number". Hibbert was one of the first artists to use the word "reggae" on a record, in 1968's "Do the Reggay". In his 2016 "The Rise of Reggae and the influence of Toots and the Maytals", Matthew Sherman wrote:
"In the winter of 1968, the cool rocksteady beat gave way to a faster, brighter, more danceable sound.Reggae was born. Toots heralded the new sound with the seminal, complex groove monster 'Do the Reggay' advertising 'the new dance, going around the town.' Toots wanted 'to do the Reggae, with you!' …From '69 to '71, Toots could do no wrong recording for Leslie Kong. With the consistent nucleus of musicians, the Beverley's All-Stars (Jackie Jackson, Winston Wright, Hux Brown, Rad Bryan, Paul Douglas, and Winston Grennan) and The Maytals' brilliant harmonizing, Toots wrote and sang his unmistakable voice about every subject imaginable." 1970s
The first Toots and the Maytals album released and distributed by Chris Blackwell's Island Records was Funky Kingston. Music critic Lester Bangs described the album in Stereo Review as "perfection, the most exciting and diversified set of reggae tunes by a single artist yet released."Chris Blackwell had a strong commitment to <mask> and the Maytals, saying "I've known Toots longer than anybody – much longer than Bob [Bob Marley]. Toots is one of the purest human beings I've met in my life, pure almost to a fault." In 1970, the band first charted overseas with “Monkey Man” reaching No. 47 in Britain. <mask> also appeared in the groundbreaking Jamaican film The Harder They Come, in which his band sings "Sweet and Dandy". The film's soundtrack included the Maytals' 1969 hit song "Pressure Drop". The Harder They Come features fellow musician and actor Jimmy Cliff in the leading role as Ivan, a character whose story resembles Hibbert's.On 1 October 1975, Toots and the Maytals were broadcast live on KMET-FM as they performed at the Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles. This broadcast was re-mastered and released as an album entitled Sailin' On via Klondike Records. Late 20th century

The band's 1980 performance at Hammersmith Palais in London was released as an album, Live, less than 24 hours after it was recorded, making it into the Guinness Book of World Records. The band released Knock Out! in 1981, after which the original Maytals trio broke. After a hiatus, <mask> continued to tour as a solo artist. In 1988, he released Toots in Memphis, for which he earned his first Grammy nomination.<mask> restarted his band in the mid-1990s without Gordon and Mathias. 2000s
In 2004, <mask> was featured in Willie Nelson's Outlaws and Angels. Hibbert carried on touring the world, and his band's True Love won the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album in 2005. Nelson released a reggae album entitled Countryman (2005) which featured <mask> on the song "I'm a Worried Man". <mask> was also featured in the music video for the song, which was filmed in Jamaica. In 2006, Toots and the Maytals covered Radiohead's "Let Down" for the Easy Star All-Stars album Radiodread, a reggae version of the English rock band's OK Computer. At the end of the year, Hibbert joined Gov't Mule for their New Year's Eve concert, documented in their Dub Side of the Mule release.In 2009, Hibbert collaborated with MCPR Music and Steel Pulse's Sidney Mills, who produced Jamaican percussionist Larry McDonald's album Drumquestra. His track is called "What about the Children?" The same year he also performed vocals with Iowa reggae band Public Property on their album Work to Do. Hibbert was also a judge for the 10th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Hibbert collaborated with the U.S. southern rock/blues group, JJ Grey & Mofro. He is featured in their song, "The Sweetest Thing", on their album, Georgia Warhorse. 2010s
In 2011, Hibbert was featured in the documentary Reggae Got Soul: The Story of Toots and the Maytals which was airred on BBC.Described as "The untold story of one of the most influential artists ever to come out of Jamaica", it features appearances by Marcia Griffiths, Jimmy Cliff, Bonnie Raitt, Eric Clapton, Keith Richards, Willie Nelson, Anthony DeCurtis, Ziggy Marley, Chris Blackwell, Paolo Nutini, Paul Douglas, Sly Dunbar, and Robbie Shakespeare. Hibbert joined the Red Hot Chili Peppers for a performance of "Louie Louie" during their New Year's Eve performance on 31 December 2011 held in St. Barts by Russian billionaire, Roman Abramovich. Around 300 guests including George Lucas, Martha Stewart, Marc Jacobs, and Jimmy Buffett attended the party at Abramovich's estate. In May 2013, Hibbert received a head injury after being hit by a thrown bottle during a performance at the River Rock Festival in Richmond, Virginia, U.S.
forcing him to cancel several months of live shows. The bottle was thrown by William C Lewis. Lewis was facing a charge of malicious wounding, but he pleaded guilty to lesser charges. Despite Hibbert pleading in a letter to the judge, "He is a young man, and I have heard what happens to young men in jail.My own pain and suffering would be increased substantially knowing that this young man would face that prospect," the judge gave Lewis a six-month sentence. After a three-year hiatus following the incident at the River Rock Festival, in 2016 Toots and the Maytals returned to the stage and began touring again. <mask>'s vocals appear in the Major Lazer and Bad Royale 2016 collaboration, "My Number", which samples his band's earlier song "54-46 That's My Number". On 25 July 2018, Hibbert performed on the U.S. television show  The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon with Toots and the Maytals where they debuted an original song entitled "Marley" as well as performing their classic hit song "Funky Kingston" in a live performance. Toots and the Maytals have been cited as inspiration for other music artists as per  career longevity. Jamaican artist Sean Paul explained this in saying, "I've seen some great people in my industry, you know, people like <mask>…Toots and the Maytals. Toots, he's a great reggae artist and he's still doing it…He's up there in years and he's doing it.Those kind of artists inspire me. I know I'm just going to keep on doing music as long as I can." Personal
<mask> married Doreen as a teenager. They had seven children. Two of his songs, "It's You" and "Never You Change" were written for Doreen when she was 18 years old. His son Clayton followed him into a career in music, performing and recording under the name 'Junior Toots'. Death
In August 2020, it was reported that Hibbert was in hospital "fighting for his life" in a medically induced coma.On 12 September 2020, a statement on the band's Facebook page announced that he had died, at the age of 77. The Gleaner and Rolling Stone later confirmed the announcement, reporting that Hibbert had died at the University Hospital of the West Indies in Kingston, in a medically induced coma. It was later confirmed that COVID-19 during the pandemic in Jamaica was the underlying cause of his death. Honors
In 2010, Hibbert ranked No. 71 in Rolling Stone magazine's "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". In August 2012, it was announced that he would receive the Order of Jamaica, the country's fifth highest honour. Discography

See also
 Peter Tosh
 Bunny Wailer

References

External links

 Comprehensive discography at X-Ray Music

 Documentary film about Toots Hibbert

1942 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Jamaican male singers
21st-century Jamaican male singers
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Jamaica
Jamaican reggae musicians
Members of the Order of Jamaica
People from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica
Toots and the Maytals members

masks: Toots Hibbert Hibbert Toots Hibbert Hibbert Hibbert Hibbert Hibbert Hibbert Hibbert Toots Hibbert


title: John Keir

texts:
Sir <mask>  (6 July 1856 – 3 May 1937) was a late 19th-early 20th Century British soldier and General. He fought in the Second Boer War, and commanded the 6th Division and the VI Corps of the British Army on the Western Front during World War I. Early career
After receiving his early formal education at Wimbledon College, Keir studied at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, from where he received a commission into the Royal Artillery in February 1876. He was posted to a battery in India, and after six years was awarded his "jacket" and transferred into the Royal Horse Artillery. In 1884, promoted to captain, he returned to the Royal Field Artillery. He had become a skilled rider in the artillery, and whilst he was too heavy to compete in traditional horse-racing, he participated in point-to-point racing and similar events. After attending the School of Gunnery he entered the Staff College in 1892, and passed out, newly promoted to major, to command a field battery in England.Second Boer War
Keir later transferred back to the R.H.A., and was commanding a battery at the outbreak of the 2nd Boer War in October 1899. His unit was not sent out with the Expeditionary Force, and he remained at home during the early stages of the war. However, in early 1901 he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and offered command of the 1st Battalion of the newly formed Imperial Yeomanry, volunteer mounted infantry being raised for service in South Africa. He commanded the battalion for several months along the Orange River, and in December 1901 was assigned to command the Royal Artillery Mounted Rifles, a similar force drawn from regular artillerymen; he remained with this unit until shortly before the end of the war, and received the brevet rank of colonel in the South Africa Honours list published on 26 June 1902. For his services in South Africa, he was mentioned in despatches (dated 8 April 1902) as well as awarded the Queen's medal with five clasps. Following the end of the war in June 1902, he returned to the United Kingdom in the ship S.S. Dunottar Castle, which arrived at Southampton in July 1902. 1902–1914
He had transferred back to the R.H.A.as a Lieutenant-Colonel in April 1902, and was posted to India, where he was formally promoted to Colonel and appointed an Assistant Adjutant-General. In 1907, he was given the command of a brigade at Allahabad, promoted to Major-General in 1909, and returned home in 1911. In July 1912 he was given command of the South Midland Division, part of the Territorial Force, and remained with them until July 1914, when he was transferred to take command of the 6th Division, a Regular Army formation at that time based in Ireland. First World War
Keir had hardly been in command of the 6th Division for a month when the World War I began, and it was mobilised as part of the British Expeditionary Force for service on the European Continent. However, the original plan of sending six divisions to France was altered due to fears of German landings in the United Kingdom, and the 6th Division spent the first month of the war in reserve in East Anglia. In September 1914 it landed in France, and immediately saw service at the Battle of the Aisne. Later in the year, he commanded it saw action at the Battle of Armentières.In mid-1915, <mask> was appointed to take command of the newly formed VI Corps (United Kingdom), which took part in the Battle of Loos in September 1915. In December 1915 VI Corps was attacked by the Imperial German Army with phosgene gas, the first time this form of chemical warfare was used. On 8 August 1916 <mask> was relieved of command of VI Corps, whilst the official explanation for the move was given as being due to exhaustion or illness, the real cause was a personal dispute between <mask> and Edmund Allenby, his commanding general at the head of Third Army. Allenby was notorious for his overbearing command manner with subordinates, and had gained the nickname "the Bull" for his aggression amongst them. Keir had previously protested to Douglas Haig, the Commander-in-Chief of the Expeditionary Force, and as a result had acquired the sobriquet in Third Army of "the Matador" – i.e. the man who could handle "the Bull". However, Allenby later formally raised concerns with Haig about Keir's front-line dispositions of VI Corps in the line around Arras in August 1916, and Haig supported Allenby's assessment that Keir was an indifferent General (augmented by an inherent prejudice that Haig possessed towards older Generals, Keir having just turned 60), and despite Keir's threats to Haig to appeal to higher authority against the decision in England if he was deprived of his command in the field and forcefully returned home, protesting that he had been wronged by Allenby's action, Haig removed him thence.On return to England <mask> was side-lined and without a command, and spent the remainder of the war fulminating about the role of privileged "cavalry generals" (such as Haig and Allenby), who he argued held a disproportionate number of senior posts in the British Expeditionary Force compared to infantrymen, gunners and engineers. Later life
<mask> was formally retired from the British Army in July 1918, and wrote and published a book detailing his thoughts for the post-war future of the British Army, entitled A Soldier's-Eye View (1919). In it he called for "a true National army", alongside reforms to create a "National church". His suggested reforms included cutting the size of the peace-time regular forces, alongside significant reductions in cavalry forces, and reorganising the home and colonial forces for better efficiency. More unusually, he also anticipated strong government control of labour in all spheres – a "national plan of personal service to the state" – and the creation of an "Army Senate" to oversee the organisation and governance of the National Army. The Senate would have both peacetime and wartime roles, and could serve as an advisory body akin to the War Cabinet during wartime. In retirement, he served as a Deputy Lieutenant and Justice of the Peace for Warwickshire.Death
Keir died at Leamington Spa in the county of Warwickshire, on 3 May 1937, at the age of 80. Awards
As well as his knighthood, which he had received with his promotion in 1915, he was awarded the Medaille Militare and appointed a Grand Officer of the Belgian Order of the Crown. Notes

References
 "KEIR, Lt-Gen. Sir <mask>ay", in

Obituary in The Times, 4 May 1937, p. 18. |-

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1856 births
1937 deaths
British Army generals
British Army generals of World War I
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Royal Artillery officers
Deputy Lieutenants of Warwickshire
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich

Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley

masks:
John Lindesay Keir
Keir
Keir
Keir
Keir
Keir
John Lindes


title: Nicholas Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford

texts:
<mask>, <mask> of Brentford,  (born 22 April 1946) is a British economist, banker, and academic. He is the IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government and Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics (LSE), and 2010 Professor of Collège de France. He was President of the British Academy from 2013 to 2017, and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 2014. Education
After attending Latymer Upper School, <mask> studied the Mathematical Tripos and was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in maths at Peterhouse, Cambridge in 1967. His doctorate in economics (DPhilEcon) at Nuffield College, Oxford, with thesis on the rate of economic development and the theory of optimum planning in 1971 was supervised by James Mirrlees, 1996's Nobel Prize in Economics winner. Career and research

1970–2007
He was a lecturer at University of Oxford from 1970 to 1977 and served as a professor of economics at the University of Warwick from 1978 to 1987. He taught from 1986 to 1993 at the London School of Economics, becoming the Sir John Hicks Professor of Economics.From 1994 until 1999 he was the Chief Economist and Special Counsellor to the President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. His research focused on economic development and growth, and he also wrote books on Kenya and the Green Revolution in India. Since 1999, he has been a member of the International Advisory Council of the Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE). From 1999 until 2000 <mask> was Chairman of the consultancy London Economics founded by John Kay. He was the Chief Economist and Senior Vice-president of the World Bank from 2000 to 2003. <mask> was then recruited by Gordon Brown, then Chancellor of the Exchequer, to work for the British government where, in 2003, he became second permanent secretary at HM Treasury, initially with responsibility for public finances, and head of the Government Economic Service. Having also been Director of Policy and Research for the Commission for Africa, he was, in July 2005, appointed to conduct reviews on the economics of climate change and also of development, which led to the publication of the Stern Review.At the time, he ceased to be a second permanent secretary at the Treasury though he retained the rank until retirement in 2007; the review team he headed was based in the Cabinet Office. It was reported that <mask>'s time at the Treasury was marked by tensions with his boss, Gordon Brown:

... several Whitehall sources told The Times that Mr Brown did not like some of the advice he received from Sir <mask>, including some "home truths" about long-term trends in the economy and he never broke into the chancellor's tight-knit inner circle. ... He subsequently lacked a real role and spent most of his time working on major international reports on global warming and alleviating poverty in Africa. His doom-laden report on the risks of failing to address climate change, published in October, caused tensions within the Government by triggering a debate on environmental taxes and leading to calls for big policy changes. The Stern Review (2005—2006)
The Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change was produced by a team led by <mask> at HM Treasury, and was released in October 2006. In the review, climate change is described as an economic externality, which is a type of market failure.<mask> has subsequently referred to the climate change externality as the largest ever market failure:

Climate change is a result of the greatest market failure the world has seen. The evidence on the seriousness of the risks from inaction or delayed action is now overwhelming ... The problem of climate change involves a fundamental failure of markets: those who damage others by emitting greenhouse gases generally do not pay

Regulation, carbon taxes and carbon trading, along with pollution permits and property rights, are recommended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is argued that the world economy can lower its greenhouse gas emissions at a significant but manageable cost. The review concludes that immediate reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are necessary to reduce the worst risks of climate change. The review's conclusions were widely reported in the press. <mask>'s relatively large cost estimates of 'business-as-usual' climate change damages received particular attention.These are the estimated damages that might occur should no further effort be made to cut greenhouse gas emissions. There has been a mixed reaction to the Stern Review from economists. Several economists have been critical of the review, for example, a paper by Byatt et al. (2006) describes the review as "deeply flawed". Some have supported the Review,
 while others have argued that <mask>'s conclusions are reasonable, even if the method by which he reached them is incorrect. The Stern Review team has responded to criticisms of the review in several papers. <mask> has also gone on to say that he underestimated the risks of climate change in the Stern Review.<mask>'s approach to discounting has been debated amongst economists. The discount rate allows economic effects occurring at different times to be compared. <mask> used a discount rate in his calculation of the effects of "business-as-usual" climate change damages. A high discount rate reduces the calculated benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Using too low a discount rate wastes resources because it will result in too much investment in cutting emissions (Arrow et al., 1996, p. 130). Too high a discount rate will have the opposite effect, and lead to under-investment in cutting emissions. Most studies on the damages of climate change use a higher discount rate than that used in the Stern Review.Some economists support Stern's choice of discount rate (Cline, 2008; Shah, 2008 Heal, 2008) while others are critical (Yohe and Tol, 2008; Nordhaus, 2007). Another criticism of the Stern Review is that it is a political rather than an analytical document. Writing in the Daily Telegraph newspaper, columnist Charles Moore compared the Stern Review to the UK Government's "dodgy dossier" on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction. 2007—present
In a speech given in 2007 at the Australian National Press Club, <mask> called for one per cent of gross global product to be employed in global warming-related environmental measures. He also joined the Cool Earth advisory board. In 2009, <mask> linked recovery from the global economic crisis with an effective response to climate change. His book, Blueprint for a Safer Planet, was published in April 2009.In June 2007, <mask> became the first holder of the I. G. Patel Chair at the London School of Economics. In 2007, <mask> joined IDEAglobal as vice-chairman. In 2008, he was appointed Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, a major new research centre also at LSE. He is Chair of the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy at Leeds University and LSE. <mask> is co-chair of the Global Commission for the Economy and Climate, with Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Paul Polman. In 2009, he published the non-fiction literary work, The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity. The book examines climate change from an economist's perspective, and outlines the necessary steps toward achieving global economic growth while managing climate change.In 2009, he also became a member of the International Advisory Council of the Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation. <mask> is an advocate of vegetarianism as a climate change mitigation element. He is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain's Socialist Party's think tank. In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by the year 2025. After the successful United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris (mid-December 2015), <mask> appeared optimistic, saying, "If we get this right, it will be more powerful than the industrial revolution. A green race is going on." He also said
In November 2015 he was commissioned by the UK Minister of Universities and Science, Jo Johnson to chair a review of the Research Excellence Framework (REF) that is used in assessing the research performance of Universities and Research Institutes in the UK.The report was published in July 2016. In October2021, <mask> released a working paper stating that economists had grossly undervalued young lives in relation to the climate crisis. The manuscript is due to be published in the Economic Journal of the Royal Economic Society. Awards and honours
<mask> was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1993; he is also an Honorary Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Foreign Honorary Member of both the American Economic Association and the American Philosophical Society. In the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours he was made a Knight Bachelor, for services to Economics. On 18 October 2007, it was announced that <mask> would receive a life peerage and was to be made a non-party political peer (i.e. would sit as a cross-bencher in the House of Lords).He was duly created <mask> of Brentford, of Elsted in the County of West Sussex and of Wimbledon in the London Borough of Merton on 10 December 2007. He is, however, usually addressed as <mask>, or <mask> of Brentford. In 2006, he was elected as an Honorary Fellow at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and he is also an Honorary Fellow of St Catherine's College, Oxford. <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree by the University of Warwick in 2006, an Honorary Doctor of International Relations degree by the Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations in 2007, an Honorary Doctor of Letters by the University of Sheffield in 2008, an Honorary Doctor by the Technische Universität Berlin in 2009 and also in 2009 an honorary degree of Doctor of Science from the University of Brighton. In 2009, <mask> was also awarded the Blue Planet Prize for his contributions to research on global environmental problems. <mask> participated at one of the showings of The Age of Stupid at The RSA. At the after-showing webcast panel discussion was director Franny Armstrong, journalist George Monbiot, and the Met Office head of climate impacts Richard Betts.In 2009 <mask> lent his support to the 10:10 project, a movement encouraging people to take positive action on climate change by reducing their carbon emissions. <mask> received the 2010 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Climate Change for his "pioneering report [that] shaped and focused the discourse on the economics of climate change" and provided "a unique and robust basis for decision-making." On 11 December 2013, <mask> was awarded the 2013 Stephen H. Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication by Climate One at The Commonwealth Club in San Francisco, California. <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014 in recognition of his work challenging the world view on the economics of climate change. In 2016, he was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). <mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to economics, international relations, and tackling climate change. The Kiel Institute for the World Economy announced, that <mask> will be awarded the Bernhard Harms Prize 2021.Personal life
<mask> is the son of the late <mask> and <mask> and nephew of Donald Swann—half of the Flanders and Swann partnership. <mask>, former vice-president of the World Bank, and Brian E <mask>, former vice-president of Xerox Corporation, are his brothers, and his sister is Naomi Opalinska. Works
 A Strategy for Development, World Bank Publications, 2002 (). The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review, Cambridge University Press, 2007 (). A Blueprint for a Safer Planet: How to Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and Prosperity, Bodley Head, PublicAffairs, 2009 (). The Global Deal: Climate Change and the Creation of a New Era of Progress and Prosperity, 2009 (). Why Are We Waiting?The Logic, Urgency, and Promise of Tackling Climate Change, MIT Press, 2015 ().

masks:
Nicholas Herbert Stern
Baron Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Nicholas
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Nicholas Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Baron Stern
Lord Stern
Lord Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Nicholas Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Stern
Bert Stern
Marion Stern
Richard Stern
Stern


title: Bernard S. Cohen

texts:
<mask><mask> (January 17, 1934 – October 12, 2020) was a civil liberties attorney and Democratic member of the Virginia House of Delegates. On April 10, 1967, appearing with co-counsel Philip Hirschkop on behalf of the ACLU, <mask> presented oral argument for the petitioners in Loving v. Virginia before the U. S. Supreme Court. On June 12, 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of <mask>'s clients, declaring bans on interracial marriage unconstitutional, thus invalidating the anti-miscegenation laws of 15 states. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of an immigrant Jewish fur worker who was active in a local union. In an interview, <mask> associated his father's union activities with his own respect for working people and his status as a historically oppressed minority as an impetus for furthering equal rights. He attended City College of New York, and law school at Georgetown University. In the 1960s he helped found the Virginia unit of the American Civil Liberties Union.<mask> died at age 86 on October 12, 2020. Loving vs. Virginia
On April 10, 1967, only a few years out of law school, <mask> argued as a volunteer cooperating attorney for the ACLU on behalf of the petitioners Richard and Mildred Loving in the case of Loving v. Virginia before the Supreme Court of the United States. <mask>'s co-counsel was fellow Virginian Philip Hirschkop, who had also recently completed law school at Georgetown. Richard Loving was a white construction worker, and Mildred was of both black and native American origins according to her attorneys, though in 2004 she claimed Native American-Rappahannock and not African ethnic origins. They were married in Washington, D.C., in 1958, and after returning to their home in Caroline County, Virginia, six weeks after their marriage, they were arrested and charged with violating interracial marriage laws, a felony carrying one to five years. At the time of their wedding, twenty-four states banned interracial marriage. The couple were sentenced to one year in prison, but their sentence was suspended on condition that they leave the state for 25 years.At one point according to attorney Hirschkop, Mildred, though five months pregnant and the mother of a young child, was held in a small dirty jail cell for the better part of a month. After the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Mildred wrote U.S Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, inquiring if the law could allow her and her husband to live in Virginia. Kennedy forwarded the letter to the ACLU office in Washington. Supreme Court ruling on Loving vs. Virginia

On June 12, 1967, the Supreme Court rendered its unanimous decision overturning a Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals ruling in favor of the state to create and enforce racial marriage laws known as anti-miscegenation laws. The decision validated that interracial marriage bans were unconstitutional and their existence in some states and not others denied the couple equal protection under the law guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution's Fourteenth Amendment. Most significantly, it reversed the right of states to create laws which banned interracial marriage or enforce such laws where they existed. The Supreme Court ruling voided the existing interracial marriage laws of 15 mostly Southern states, including all the states of the former Confederacy.A few states, notably Alabama, continued to have bans on interracial marriage on the books, though they could no longer be enforced. Alabama did not officially reverse its ban on interracial marriage until 2000 in a special election that struck the mention of anti-miscegenation from the state constitution. After the Loving ruling, it continued to enforce its interracial marriage laws until 1970. Richard Loving died aged 41 in 1975 in Caroline County, Virginia, killed by a drunk driver. Mildred Loving died of pneumonia on May 2, 2008, in Milford, Virginia, aged 68. Work as a representative to the Virginia House of Delegates
From 1980 to 1996, <mask> served as a representative to the Virginia House of Delegates. Work with the Virginia House of Delegates 21st district
As a freshman delegate in 1980, <mask> sponsored a controversial measure to decriminalize homosexuality in Virginia, a traditionally conservative state.Not surprisingly, the bill failed. Work with the Virginia House of Delegates 56th district
From January 12, 1983, to January 10, 1996, <mask> served as a representative of the 56th district of the Virginia House of Delegates. The 56th district consisted largely of the city of Alexandria, not far from the nation's capital. Nuclear freeze resolution, 1983
In early 1983, <mask> backed a nuclear freeze resolution before the Virginia State Senate Rules Committee, which ultimately was voted down 10-4 on February 8. <mask>'s resolution decried the "huge sums of money being spent testing, producing, and deploying nuclear warheads and weapons" and the strain it placed on the rest of the federal budget. It further called for bi-lateral talks between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to begin a freeze on the production of such weapons. The chief critic of the bill was <mask>. Halloran, a special assistant to the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.Many of <mask>'s bills were not related to civil liberties, but were designed to favor defendants or plaintiffs in legal proceedings and were written in complex legal language. A large number of <mask>'s bills were designed to benefit people who filed personal injury cases in Virginia courts. Death with dignity bill, 1983
In early 1983, the Virginia House passed <mask>'s "Death with Dignity" bill. The measure allowed terminally ill patients to determine whether they wanted to go through "heroic artificial means to keep their bodies alive when there was no hope of recovery". On February 21, 1983, the Virginia Senate passed the "Natural Death Act", which relieved physicians of criminal and civil liability once they, with the consent of the terminally ill patient or that person's family, disconnected regulators." The bill required that the patient be in terminal condition, and that there must be "no reasonable expectation of recovery". Doctors who felt they could not morally comply with the wishes of the terminally ill patient or family member to disconnect the patient's regulator could transfer the care of the patient to another doctor.In February 1984, <mask> strongly opposed a bill that prevented young men who had not registered with the selective service from attending state colleges and receiving financial aid. The bill passed the Virginia House with a vote of 67-33, but had yet to be brought before the Virginia Senate. <mask> co-authored a blog entry in 2007 for the Huffington Post about the legal standing of same sex marriage. Portrayal in television and movies
<mask> has been portrayed as a character in multiple dramatizations of the Loving case. In the 1996 TV movie Mr. & Mrs. Loving, he was played by Corey Parker. In the 2016 film Loving, he is played by Nick Kroll. References

External links
Historical bio for 1983

1934 births
Jewish American state legislators in Virginia
City College of New York alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
2020 deaths
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Politicians from Alexandria, Virginia
Politicians from Brooklyn
People from Fairfax County, Virginia
Virginia Democrats
People from Caroline County, Virginia
Lawyers from Brooklyn
Virginia lawyers
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Bernard S
. Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Bernard F
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen


title: Iain Matthews

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, 16 June 1946) is an English musician and singer-songwriter. He was an original member of the British folk rock band Fairport Convention from 1967 to 1969 before leaving to form his own band, Matthews Southern Comfort, which had a UK number one in 1970 with a cover version of Joni Mitchell's song "Woodstock". In 1979 his cover of Terence Boylan's "Shake It" reached No. 13 on the US charts. Born in Barton-upon-Humber, Lincolnshire, <mask> was known in the 1960s as Ian MacDonald, but changed his name to <mask> (his mother's maiden name) in 1968 to avoid confusion with Ian McDonald of King Crimson, with whom Judy Dyble  began working when she left Fairport. In 1989, he changed the spelling of his first name to <mask> and has been known as <mask> ever since. Influenced by both rock and roll and folk music, he has performed as both a solo artist, and as a member of various bands.He was a member of Fairport Convention during the early period when they were heavily influenced by American folk rock and sang on their first three albums before leaving in 1969. He initially embarked upon a solo career before forming the bands Matthews Southern Comfort and then Plainsong. Later in his career he was also a member of the bands Hi-Fi, No Grey Faith, and More Than A Song, and in the 2000s has twice revived both Plainsong and Matthews Southern Comfort (MSC). He continues to tour regularly with the current version of MSC. A new MSC album "The New Mine" was released in March 2020, and a vinyl-only album "Fake Tan", recorded with Norwegian band The Salmon Smokers, was released in September 2020. In a career spanning over fifty years he has featured on over 100 albums and in 2018 published an autobiography co-written with author and broadcaster Ian Clayton, "Thro’ My Eyes : A Memoir’’, about his life in the music industry. Origins
<mask>' family moved to Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, when he was twelve years old.On leaving school at sixteen, he initially worked as an apprentice signwriter for a local painting and decorating firm. During the British pop music explosion of the mid-1960s, he sang with several local bands in Scunthorpe and then moved to London in the spring of 1965, taking a job in a Carnaby Street shoe shop, Ravel. In 1966 he formed a trio, The Pyramid (later just Pyramid), a short-lived English surf music band, with Al Jackson and Steve Hiett (born 1940, died 2018), who later became a world-renowned fashion photographer. The Pyramid released one single, "Summer of Last Year" in January 1967, on Deram Records. A remaining song, "Me About You," surfaced on Matthews' Orphans & Outcasts Volume 3 compilation album in 1999. Fairport Convention
In the winter of 1967, <mask> was recruited by Ashley Hutchings as a male vocalist for Fairport Convention, where he sang with Judy Dyble on their self-titled first album Fairport Convention and then with Sandy Denny on What We Did On Our Holidays. During the recording of Unhalfbricking in 1969, as Fairport increasingly drew their material from a traditional British folk repertoire, <mask> found out he had not been invited to a recording session and, after a short discussion with producer Joe Boyd and Ashley Hutchings, left the band and departed on a musical direction of his own.Matthews Southern Comfort

In 1969 <mask> recorded his debut solo album,  <mask>' Southern Comfort, which was rooted in American country music and rockabilly. He made the album with ex-Fairport colleagues Richard Thompson, Simon Nicol and Ashley Hutchings, plus guitarist Mark Griffiths, drummers Ray Duffy and Gerry Conway, pedal steel guitarist Gordon Huntley, and keyboardists Dolly Collins and Roger Coulam. This was his first significant experience as a songwriter, although the band did also cover versions of Neil Young and Ian and Sylvia songs. He followed it up by forming a working band, Matthews Southern Comfort (using the name of his first album, but without the apostrophe), releasing two more albums in short succession, Second Spring (1970 – UK #52) and Later That Same Year (1970). The band went through various different line-ups and toured extensively for the next two years. They had one commercial success, a cover version of "Woodstock"  by Joni Mitchell which was a number one hit single in the UK Singles Chart in October 1970. It received heavy airplay in Canada, reaching No.5, as well as peaking at No. 23 on the Billboard singles charts in the United States in 1971. Afterwards, <mask> left Southern Comfort, who went on to release three albums of their own on Harvest Records. Plainsong
In 1971, <mask> recorded two solo albums (If You Saw Thro' My Eyes & Tigers Will Survive), on Vertigo Records. Under the sponsorship of former Yardbird Paul Samwell-Smith, and surrounded by likeminded British semi-folkies (notably another ex-Fairporter, Richard Thompson), he formed Plainsong with Andy Roberts, previously of The Liverpool Scene. The band's line-up consisted of <mask>, Roberts, guitarist Dave Richards and American bassist Bob Ronga. In 1972 Plainsong released In Search of Amelia Earhart.The album included a cover of Dave McEnery's "Amelia Earhart's Last Flight", plus a song by <mask>, "True Story of Amelia Earhart's Last Flight". The song is based on research that suggests that Earhart may have been spying on Japanese bases in the Pacific islands. It also included "Even the Guiding Light", an answer to Thompson's "Meet on the Ledge". Moving around
After Plainsong collapsed due to a bandmate's alcohol problem, and with his career now based in Los Angeles, <mask> released several more albums with ad hoc bands: Valley Hi (1973), produced by Michael Nesmith, (formerly of the Monkees); Journeys from Gospel Oak and Some Days You Eat The Bear (1974); Go For Broke (1976) and Hit and Run (1977). None of these met with commercial success. Valley Hi featured a cover of the Steve Young song Seven Bridges Road, arranged by <mask> and Nesmith, creating a multitracked harmony with all parts sung by <mask>. This version became famous after being covered live by the Eagles on 28 July 1980 and released on Eagles Live.With lack of success on his albums, <mask> went from Elektra to Columbia Records, to the small Rockburgh label, where he scored a hit single in 1978 with a cover of Terence Boylan's "Shake It", which reached No. 13 on the US charts and No. 6 in Canada. He had a moderately successful follow-up covering Robert Palmer's "Give Me an Inch". However, the North American rights for his album Stealin' Home and its follow-up Siamese Friends were held by the small Canadian label Mushroom. When label-owner Shelly Siegel died in 1979, <mask>' association with that label came to an end. The song "Shake It" is heard at the beginning of the 1980 movie Little Darlings.It can also be heard on the radio in the game The Warriors from Rockstar Games. <mask>' official web site states that at this point he "had been struggling for nearly 15 years now and was still living hand to mouth, with nothing to show for his efforts but a string of out-of-print albums, and the loyalty of those musicians and fans who shared his vision." He moved from Los Angeles to Seattle, where he teamed up with David Surkamp, formerly of the St. Louis band Pavlov's Dog, to form the power pop band Hi-Fi, whose repertoire included <mask>' originals, but also covers of Neil Young's "Mr. Soul" and Prince's "When You Were Mine". He worked in an A&R capacity at Island Records and then Windham Hill Records. Later career
Starting in 1977, Fairport Convention held the annual Cropredy Festival. In the mid-1980s, there was interest in reviving the band and recording new material.<mask> was invited to perform with them as a part of the band, and in their other projects, at the 1986 Cropredy Festival. This led to Walking a Changing Line (1988) on Windham Hill, a tribute to Jules Shear of Jules and the Polar Bears. <mask> then moved to Austin, Texas and recorded several albums for a series of German independent labels. He appeared with Andy Roberts at the 1992 Cambridge Folk Festival, which led to the first of what became several changed versions of Plainsong. In 2000 <mask> moved to Amsterdam, where he became involved in independent music projects and collaborations, including the Sandy Denny tribute band No Grey Faith (an anagram of "Fotheringay," which was the name of the castle in which Mary, Queen of Scots was imprisoned, as well as the title of a song about the castle that Denny had recorded for Fairport Convention, and the name of a short-lived band Denny had led in the 1970s), and another revival of Plainsong. Moving to Horst in the south of the Netherlands, in 2008 he produced Joy Mining with the Dutch jazz ensemble, Searing Quartet. In September 2010, he released the first Matthews Southern Comfort album in 40 years and returned to a major record label.Since 2003 <mask> has worked with Dutch pianist and composer Egbert Derix. They met when <mask>, a jazz fan, came to a concert of Derix's Searing Quartet in Cambrinus (Horst, The Netherlands). <mask> asked Derix to join him in his 2003 tour of his 1970 album If You Saw Thro' My Eyes. They played a series of concerts with Eric Coenen (bass), Arthur Lijten (drums) and Ad Vanderveen (guitar). After the tour <mask> and Derix started writing together, resulting in the 2008 album Joy Mining Matthews & Derix started their own label: MatriX. In 2012, the <mask>/Egbert Derix album In the Now was released by Verve Records. Joy Mining and In the Now had separate releases in the United Kingdom and United States.In December 2011 he performed as <mask> Southern Comfort with his Dutch band at the 2nd Great British Folk Festival at Butlins Skegness and performed a set of both old and new songs. In January 2014, <mask> toured as part of the Gene Clark No Other band, performing Gene Clark's album No Other with other singers such as Robin Pecknold of the Fleet Foxes

In January–February 2015 <mask> and Derix toured in California to promote the US releases of their albums. Dutch filmmakers Peter Jong and Olivier Hamaker made a documentary about the making of In the Now. <mask> can also be heard on Egbert Derix' solo album Paintings in Minor Lila (2012) on which the music of British progressive rock band Marillion is featured. The album has contributions by <mask>, Marillion singers Fish and Steve Hogarth, and Supertramp saxophonist John Helliwell. <mask>well/Derix Quintet tour in The Netherlands. <mask> and Derix co-wrote eight songs for <mask>'s solo album The Art of Obscurity (2013).Thro' My Eyes: A Memoir
In 2018 <mask> released an autobiographical book Thro’ My Eyes: A Memoir. The book was co-written with Featherstone-based author and broadcaster, Ian Clayton. In Clayton’s preface to the book, he tells of one day in 2010 getting an email out of the blue from <mask> who had read the original version of his book Bringing It all Back Home, a work described by Record Collector magazine as "One of the best books about popular music ever written". <mask> told Clayton that he was considering publishing an autobiography and asked him if he would consider writing it. Several years went by before the project eventually came to fruition, though not as a straightforward biography but as co-written book based on multiple sessions of working together for several days at a time to capture all the information and memories. Thro’ My Eyes: A Memoir was published by Pontefract-based Route Publishing in August 2018 in two editions: a Standard Edition and a Deluxe Edition which also included Thro’ My Eyes, an exclusive 2CD compilation of 23 songs from throughout <mask>’ career. The book is a very open and honest account of <mask>’ life and musical career: from his humble beginnings in Barton-on Humber and Scunthorpe, to moving to London in the 1960s and joining Fairport Convention, forming Matthews Southern Comfort in 1970 and having his only #1 hit with their version of Joni Mitchell’s "Woodstock", forming Plainsong with Andy Roberts in 1972, spending years in America as a solo artist and then coming back to Europe in 2000 and still making albums and touring to this day.Each chapter is preceded by the lyrics of one of his songs. In the book, <mask> also talks about watching and playing football as a boy in Scunthorpe, his failed trial as potential professional footballer with

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