title: Ahad Ha'am

texts:
Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (18 August 1856 – 2 January 1927), primarily known by his Hebrew name and pen name <mask> (, lit. 'one of the people', Genesis 26:10), was a Hebrew essayist, and one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers. He is known as the founder of cultural Zionism. With his secular vision of a Jewish "spiritual center" in Israel, he confronted Theodor Herzl. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ha'am strived for "a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews". Biography
Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (<mask>'am) was born in Skvyra, in the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to pious well-to-do Hasidic parents. At eight years old, he began to teach himself to read Russian.His father, Isaiah, sent him to heder until he was 12. When Isaiah became the administrator of a large estate in a village in the Kiev district, he moved the family there and took private tutors for his son, who excelled at his studies. Ginsberg was critical of the dogmatic nature of Orthodox Judaism but remained loyal to his cultural heritage, especially the ethical ideals of Judaism. He married Rivke at the age of 17. They had two children, Shlomo and Rachel. In 1886 he settled in Odessa with his parents, wife and children, and entered the family business. In 1908, following a trip to Palestine, Ginsberg moved to London to manage the office of the Wissotzky Tea company.He settled in Tel Aviv in early 1922, where he served as a member of the Executive Committee of the city council until 1926. Plagued by ill health, Ginsberg died there in 1927. Zionist activism
In his early thirties, Ginsberg returned to Odessa where he was influenced by Leon Pinsker, a leader of the Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) movement whose goal was settlement of Jews in Palestine. Unlike Pinsker, Ginsberg did not believe in political Zionism, which he fought, 'with a vehemence and austerity which embittered that whole period'. Instead he hailed the spiritual value of the Hebrew renaissance to counter the debilitating fragmentation (hitpardut) in the diaspora, he believed that the ingathering of Jews in Palestine was not an answer. Kibbutz galuyot was a messianic ideal rather than a feasible contemporary project. The real answer lay in achieving a spiritual centre, or 'central domicile', within Palestine, that of Eretz Israel, which would form an exemplary model for the dispersed world of Jewry in exile to imitate; a spiritual focus for the circumferential world of the Jewish diaspora.He split from the Zionist movement after the First Zionist Congress, because he felt that Theodor Herzl's program was impractical. From 1889 to 1906, Ginzberg flourished as a preeminent intellectual in Zionist politics. Journalism career
In 1896, Ahad Ha'am founded the Hebrew monthly Ha-Shiloaḥ, the leading Hebrew-language literary journal in the early twentieth century. It was published in Warsaw by Ahiasaf. It was  a vehicle to promote Jewish nationalism  and  a platform for discussion of past and present issues relevant to Judaism. The name was taken from a river mentioned in Isaiah 8:6, “The waters of Shiloaḥ flow slowly,” alluding to the moderate stance of the paper. Visits to Palestine

Ahad Ha'am travelled frequently to Palestine and published reports about the progress of Jewish settlement there.They were generally glum. They reported on hunger, on Arab dissatisfaction and unrest, on unemployment, and on people leaving Palestine. In an essay soon after his 1891 journey to the area he warned against the 'great error', noticeable among Jewish settlers, of treating the fellahin with contempt, of regarding 'all Arabs a(s) savages of the desert, a people similar to a donkey'. <mask> Ha'am made his first trip to Palestine in 1891. The trip was prompted by concern that the Jaffa members of B'nai Moshe were mishandling land purchases for prospective immigrants and contributing to soaring land prices. His reputation as Zionism's major internal critic has its roots in the essay "A Truth from Eretz Yisrael" published in pamphlet form shortly after his visit in 1891. In 1891, <mask> Ha'am wrote about his perceptions of Palestine:
"We who live abroad are accustomed to believe that almost all Eretz Yisrael is now uninhabited desert and whoever wishes can buy land there as he pleases.But this is not true. It is very difficult to find in the land [ha'aretz] cultivated fields that are not used for planting. Only those sand fields or stone mountains that would require the investment of hard labour and great expense to make them good for planting remain uncultivated and that's because the Arabs do not like working too much in the present for a distant future. Therefore, it is very difficult to find good land for cattle. And not only peasants, but also rich landowners, are not selling good land so easily...We who live abroad are accustomed to believing that the Arabs are all wild desert people who, like donkeys, neither see nor understand what is happening around them. But this is a grave mistake. The Arab, like all the Semites, is sharp minded and shrewd.All the townships of Syria and Eretz Yisrael are full of Arab merchants who know how to exploit the masses and keep track of everyone with whom they deal – the same as in Europe. The Arabs, especially the urban elite, see and understand what we are doing and what we wish to do on the land, but they keep quiet and pretend not to notice anything. For now, they do not consider our actions as presenting a future danger to them. … But, if the time comes that our people's life in Eretz Yisrael will develop to a point where we are taking their place, either slightly or significantly, the natives are not going to just step aside so easily. In his book Wrestling with Zion, he urged the Jews
"not to provoke the anger of the native people by doing them wrong...we should be cautious in our dealings with a foreign people among whom we returned to live, to handle these people with love and respect and, needless to say, with justice and good judgment. And what do our brothers do? Exactly the opposite!They were slaves in their Diasporas, and suddenly they find themselves with unlimited freedom, wild freedom that only a country like Turkey [the Ottoman Empire] can offer. This sudden change has planted despotic tendencies in their hearts, as always happens to former slaves ['eved ki yimlokh – when a slave becomes king – Proverbs 30:22]. They deal with the Arabs with hostility and cruelty, trespass unjustly, beat them shamefully for no sufficient reason, and even boast about their actions. There is no one to stop the flood and put an end to this despicable and dangerous tendency. Our brothers indeed were right when they said that the Arab only respects he who exhibits bravery and courage. But when these people feel that the law is on their rival's side and, even more so, if they are right to think their rival's actions are unjust and oppressive, then, even if they are silent and endlessly reserved, they keep their anger in their hearts. And these people will be revengeful like no other.""<mask> Ha'am believed that Zionism must bring Jews to Palestine gradually, while turning it into a cultural centre. At the same time, it was incumbent upon Zionism to inspire a revival of Jewish national life in the Diaspora. Only then would the Jewish people be strong enough to assume the mantle of building a nation state. He did not believe that the impoverished settlers of his day would ever build a Jewish homeland. He saw the Hovevei Zion movement of which he was a member as a failure because the new villages were dependent on the largesse of outside benefactors. Importance of Hebrew and Jewish culture
<mask> Ha'am's ideas were popular at a very difficult time for Zionism, beginning after the failures of the first Aliya. His unique contribution was to emphasise the importance of reviving Hebrew and Jewish culture both in Palestine and throughout the Diaspora, something that was recognised only belatedly, when it became part of the Zionist program after 1898.Herzl did not have much use for Hebrew, and many wanted German to be the language of the Jewish state. <mask> Ha'am played an important role in the revival of the Hebrew language and Jewish culture, and in cementing a link between the proposed Jewish state and Hebrew culture. Cultural Zionism
His first article criticizing practical Zionism, called "Lo zu haderekh" (This is not the way) published in 1888 appeared in HaMelitz. In it, he wrote that the Land of Israel will not be capable of absorbing all of the Jewish Diaspora, not even a majority of them. <mask> Ha'am also argued that establishing a "national home" in Zion will not solve the "Jewish problem"; furthermore, the physical conditions in Eretz Yisrael will discourage Aliyah, and thus Hibbat Zion must educate and strengthen Zionist values among the Jewish people enough that they will want to settle the land despite the greatest difficulties. The ideas in this article became the platform for Bnai Moshe  (sons of Moses), a secret society he founded that year. Bnai Moshe, active until 1897, worked to improve Hebrew education, build up a wider audience for Hebrew literature, and assist the Jewish settlements.Perhaps more significant was Derekh Kehayim (1889), Ha'am's attempt to launch a unique movement from a fundamentalist perspective incorporating all the elements of a national revival, but driven by force of intellect. He eclipsed nationalists like Peretz Smolenskin arguing assimilative individualism in the west further alienated Russified Jewry, who were seeking to reduce migration: isolating it beggared Eastern European Jewry. Even those in Hovevei seeking to restrict emigration would, he feared, bring the extinguishment of national consciousness; and atomisation of Jewish identity. Only anti-Semitism had made Jews of us. Derekh argued that nations had waxed and waned throughout history, but nationalism had all but vanished from Jewish consciousness. Only a small group of nobles kept it going. Throughout the 1890s <mask> Ha'am worked to keep the flame of nationalism alive.Emphasis fell on moral concepts, honor of the flag, self-improvement, national revitalisation. A departure occurred in Avdut betokh herut discussing pessimism about the future for independent Jewishness. Critic Simon Dubnov alluded to this but was compromised by his westernised idealizing of French Jewry. For the movement, the preoccupation with assimilation at Odessa was fatal for Ha'am's progressive Zionism. The requirement arose in 1891 for a "spiritual centre" in Palestine; Bnei Moshe's implacable opposition to his support for Vladimir (Zeev] Tiomkin's ideal community at Jaffa compounded the controversy in Emet me'eretz Yisrael (The Truth from the Land of Israel). In 1896, Ginsberg became editor of Hashiloah, a Hebrew monthly, a position he held for six years. After stepping down as editor in 1903, he went back to the business world with the Wissotzky Tea Company.In 1897, following the Basel Zionist Congress calling for a Jewish national home "recognized in international law" (Völkerrechtlich), <mask> Ha'am wrote an article called Jewish State Jewish Problem ridiculing the idea of a Völkerrechtlich state given the pitiful plight of the Jewish settlements in Palestine at the time. He emphasized that without a Jewish nationalist revival abroad, it would be impossible to mobilize genuine support for a Jewish national home. Even if the national home were created and recognized in international law, it would be weak and unsustainable. In 1898, the Zionist Congress adopted the idea of disseminating Jewish culture in the Diaspora as a tool for furthering the goals of the Zionist movement and bringing about a revival of the Jewish people. Bnai Moshe helped to found Rehovot as a model for self-sufficiency, and established Achiasaf, a Hebrew publishing company. Political influence

<mask> Ha'am's influence in the political realm can be ascribed to his charismatic personality and spiritual authority rather than his official functions. For the "Democratic Fraction," a party that espoused cultural Zionism (founded in 1901 by Chaim Weizmann), he served  "as a symbol for the movement's culturalists, the faction's most coherent totem.He was, however, not – certainly not to the extent to which members of this group, especially Chaim Weizmann, would later contend – its chief ideological influence." <mask> Ha'am was a talented negotiator. In this role he was engaged during the "language controversy" that accompanied the founding of the Haifa Technikum (today: the Technion) and in the negotiations culminating in the Balfour Declaration. Legacy and commemoration
Many cities in Israel have streets named after <mask> Ha'am. In Petah Tikva there is a high school named after him, <mask> Ha'am High School. There is also a room named after him at the Beit Ariela Library,  Ahad Ha'am Room. Published works
Ten Essays on Zionism and Judaism, Translated from the Hebrew by Leon Simon, Arno Press, 1973 (reprint of 1922 ed.).Essays, Letters, Memoirs, Translated from the Hebrew and edited by Leon Simon. East and West Library, 1946. Selected Essays, Translated from the Hebrew by Leon Simon. The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1912. Nationalism and the Jewish Ethic; Basic Writings of <mask> Ha'am, Edited and Introduced by Hans Kohn. Schocken Books, 1962

References

Further reading

External links

<mask> Ha'am's biography Knesset website
 Jewish Virtual Library: "<mask> Ha'am (Pen name of Asher Ginsberg)"
 Biography
 "Anticipations and Survivals" (Archived 2009-10-24) (1891)
 <mask> Ha'am (Asher Ginsburg)
 Micha Goodman,Hillel the Elder meets <mask> Ha'am, Eretz Acheret Magazine

1856 births
1927 deaths
People from Skvyra
People from Kiev Governorate
Ukrainian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
British people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
British emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Jews in Mandatory Palestine
Ukrainian essayists
Hebrew language
Modern Hebrew writers
Political writers
Zionist activists
Hovevei Zion
Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery
Ukrainian Zionists

masks:
Ahad Ha am
Ahad Ha
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title: Roan Carneiro

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 2 June 1978) is a Brazilian retired professional mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2000, <mask> was the winner of the Battlegrounds MMA's one-night, eight-man tournament, in which he won three fights to become the champion, and has also competed for DEEP. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began fighting in MMA professionally in 2000 at the age of 22 in his native Brazil. One of his earliest losses was to future longtime UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva. He amassed a record of 10-5 before signing with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In April 2007, <mask> debuted with the UFC. He faced Rich Clementi in his debut and won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> then faced Jon Fitch at UFC Fight Night 10. He lost the fight via submission in the second round. In his third UFC fight, <mask> faced Tony DeSouza at UFC 79 on 29 December 2007. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> next faced Kevin Burns at UFC 85 on 7 June 2008. He lost the fight via submission in the second round. For his fifth UFC fight, <mask> faced Ryo Chonan at UFC 88 on 6 September 2008.He lost the fight via split decision. Following this loss, he was released from his contract. Battleground MMA
After fighting sporadically for independent promotions between 2009 and 2013, <mask> signed to compete in a one-night, eight-man tournament for BattleGrounds MMA on 3 October 2014. In the quarterfinals, he defeated Randall Wallace by submission in the first round. In the semifinals, he defeated Trey Houston by TKO in the second round. In the finals, <mask> defeated Brock Larson by unanimous decision to be crowned the tournament champion. UFC return
In December 2014, it was announced that <mask> had been re-signed with the UFC.In his return fight, <mask> replaced Caio Magalhaes against Mark Muñoz on 28 February 2015 at UFC 184. He won the fight via technical submission from a rear-naked choke in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Gegard Mousasi on 27 September 2015 at UFC Fight Night 75. However, <mask> was forced to pull out of the bout in mid-August with an elbow injury and was replaced by Uriah Hall. <mask> faced Derek Brunson on 21 February 2016 at UFC Fight Night 83. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round. <mask> next faced Kenny Robertson on 17 September 2016 at UFC Fight Night 94.He won the fight via split decision. As the last fight of his prevailing contract, <mask> faced Ryan LaFlare on 11 February 2017 at UFC 208. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. UFC elected not to renew <mask>'s contract, making him a free agent. Post-UFC
<mask> then signed a non-exclusive contract with Absolute Championship Akhmat, losing the first two fights against Aslambek Saidov and Husein Kushagov. <mask> returned to action on 30 November 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand where he won WKN Middleweight MMA title by submission in the first round against previously 15-fight undefeated Kelvin Joseph in the main event of WKN World Cup 2019. Acting
<mask> had an acting role as fictional MMA fighter Marco Santos in the MMA movie Warrior.Personal life
Carneiro has a son and a daughter. Cowboy
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 2:38
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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|-
| Win
| align=center | 20–9
| Mark Muñoz
| Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
| UFC 184
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 1:40
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 19–9
| Brock Larson
| Decision (unanimous)
| rowspan=3|BattleGrounds MMA 5: O.N.E.

masks:
Roan Carneiro Pereira
Carneiro
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title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit b. Zūṭā ibn Marzubān (;  – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin, who became the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition, predominates in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Persia (until the 16th century), Balkans, Russia, Chechnya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Muslims in India, Turkey, and some parts of the Arab world. Some followers call him al-Imām al-Aʿẓam ("The Greatest Imam") and Sirāj al-aʾimma ("The Lamp of the Imams") in Sunni Islam. Born to a Muslim family in Kufa, <mask> is known to have travelled to the Hejaz region of Arabia in his youth, where he studied in Mecca and Medina. As his career as a theologian and jurist progressed, <mask>a became known for favoring the use of reason in his legal rulings (faqīh dhū raʾy) and even in his theology. <mask>'s theological school is claimed to be what would later develop into the Maturidi school of Sunni theology. Life

Family background
<mask> was born in Kufa in 80 AH, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik. His ancestry is generally accepted as being of Persian origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah).The historian Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi records a statement from <mask>'s grandson, Ismail ibn Hammad, who gave <mask>'s lineage as Thabit ibn Numan ibn Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin. The discrepancy in the names, as given by Ismail of <mask>'s grandfather and great-grandfather, are thought to be due to Zuta's adoption of the Arabic name (Numan) upon his acceptance of Islam and that Mah and Marzban were titles or official designations in Persia, with the latter, meaning a margrave, referring to the noble ancestry of <mask>'s family as the Sasanian Marzbans (equivalent of margraves). The widely accepted opinion, however, is that most probably he was of Persian ancestry . His grandfather, Zuta, may have been captured by Muslim troops in Kabul and sold as a slave in Kufa. There, he was purchased and freed by an Arab tribesman of the Taym Allah, a branch of the Banu Bakr. Zuta and his progeny thereafter became clients (mawali) of the Taym Allah, hence the sporadic references to <mask>a as 'al-Taymi' (i.e. 'of the Taym Allah').It is otherwise held that his family emigrated from Charikar north of Kabul to Baghdad in the eighth century. The Indian scholar Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri reports from the grandson of <mask>, who said, "By God, our family was never a slave to anyone and my grandfather Numan was born in 80 AH." Athar also suggests that Zuta had embraced Islam during the reign of Ali and was named Numan. Early life and scholarship
There is scant biographical information about <mask>. It is generally known that he worked a producer and seller of khazz, a type of silk clothing material. He attended lectures on jurisprudence by the Kufan scholar Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (d. 737). He also possibly learnt jurisprudence (fiqh) by the Meccan scholar Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. ) while on Hajj.According to the historian Joseph Schacht, other scholars <mask> is held to have learned from should be "treated with caution". <mask> succeeded Hammad, when the latter died, as the principal authority on Islamic law in Kufa and the chief representative of the Kufan school of jurisprudence. <mask>a gradually gained influence as an authority on legal questions, founding a moderate rationalist school of Islamic jurisprudence that was named after him. Adulthood and death

In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid caliph offered <mask>a the post of Chief Judge of the State, but he declined the offer, choosing to remain independent. His student <mask> was later appointed Qadi Al-Qudat (Chief Judge of the State) by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid. In his reply to al-Mansur, <mask> said that he was not fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused <mask> of lying."If I am lying," <mask> said, "then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?" Incensed by this reply, the ruler had <mask> arrested, locked in prison and tortured. He was never fed nor cared for. Even there, the jurist continued to teach those who were permitted to come to him. On 15 Rajab 150 (August 15, 767), <mask> died in prison. The cause of his death is not clear, as some say that <mask> issued a legal opinion for bearing arms against Al-Mansur, and the latter had him poisoned.The fellow prisoner and Jewish Karaite founder, Anan ben David, is said to have received life-saving counsel from the subject. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for more than 50,000 people who had amassed before he was actually buried. On the authority of the historian al-Khatib, it can be said that for full 20 days people went on performing funeral prayer for him. Later, after many years, the Abu Hanifa Mosque was built in the Adhamiyah neighbourhood of Baghdad. <mask> also supported the cause of Zayd ibn Ali and Ibrahim al Qamar both Alid Zaidi Imams. The tomb of Abu Hanifa and the tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani were destroyed by Shah Ismail of Safavi empire in 1508. In 1533, Ottomans conquered Baghdad and rebuilt the tomb of Abu Hanifa and other Sunni sites.Students
Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi listed 97 hadith scholars who were his students. Most of them were famous hadith scholars, and their narrated hadiths were compiled in the Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other famous books of hadith. Imām Badr al-Din al-Ayni included another 260 students who studied Hadith and Fiqh from <mask>a. His most famous student was Imām <mask>, who served as the first chief justice in the Muslim world. Another famous student was Imām Muhammad al-Shaybani, who was the teacher of the Shafi‘i school of jurisprudence founder, Imām Al-Shafi‘i. His other students include:

 Abdullah ibn Mubarak
 <mask> Fadl Ibn Dukain
 Malik bin Mighwal
 Dawood Taa’ee
 Mandil bin Ali
 Qaasim bin Ma’n
 Hayyaaj bin Bistaam
 Hushaym bin Basheer Sulami
 Fudhayl bin Iyaadh
 Ali bin Tibyaan
 Wakee bin Jarrah
 Amr bin Maymoon
 <mask>
 Zuhayr bin Mu’aawiyah
 Aafiyah bin Yazeed

Sources and methodology
The sources from which <mask> derived Islamic law, in order of importance and preference, are: the Qur'an, the authentic narrations of the Muslim prophet Muhammad (known as hadith), consensus of the Muslim community (ijma), analogical reasoning (qiyas), juristic discretion (istihsan) and the customs of the local population enacting said law (urf). The development of analogical reason and the scope and boundaries by which it may be used is recognized by the majority of Muslim jurists, but its establishment as a legal tool is the result of the Hanafi school.While it was likely used by some of his teachers, <mask> is regarded by modern scholarship as the first to formally adopt and institute analogical reason as a part of Islamic law. As the fourth Caliph, Ali had transferred the Islamic capital to Kufa, and many of the first generation of Muslims had settled there, the Hanafi school of law based many of its rulings on the prophetic tradition as transmitted by those first generation Muslims residing in Iraq. Thus, the Hanafi school came to be known as the Kufan or Iraqi school in earlier times. Ali and Abdullah, son of Masud formed much of the base of the school, as well as other personalities from the direct relatives (or Ahli-ll-Bayṫ) of Moḥammad from whom <mask> had studied such as Muhammad al-Baqir. Many jurists and historians had reportedly lived in Kufa, including one of <mask>a's main teachers, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman. Generational status

<mask> is regarded by some as one of the Tabi‘un, the generation after the Sahaba, who were the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. This is based on reports that he met at least four Sahaba including Anas ibn Malik, with some even reporting that he transmitted Hadith from him and other companions of Muhammad.Others take the view that <mask>a only saw around half a dozen companions, possibly at a young age, and did not directly narrate hadith from them. <mask> was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the first generation of Muslims, some of whom lived on until <mask>a's youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, <mask> Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when <mask>a was 20 years old. The author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of Muslims of the first generation from whom it is reported that the <mask>a had transmitted hadith. He counted them as sixteen, including Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah and Sahl ibn Sa'd. Reception

He attained a very high status in the various fields of sacred knowledge and significantly influenced the development of Muslim theology. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged by the people as a jurist of the highest calibre.Outside of his scholarly achievements, <mask> is popularly known amongst Sunni Muslims as a man of the highest personal qualities:  a performer of good works, remarkable for his self-denial, humble spirit, devotion and pious awe of God. His tomb, surmounted by a dome erected by admirers in 1066 is still a shrine for pilgrims. It was given a restoration in 1535 by Suleiman the Magnificent upon the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad. The honorific title al-Imam al-A'zam ("the greatest leader") was granted to him both in communities where his legal theory is followed and elsewhere. According to John Esposito, 45% of all Muslims follow the Hanafi school. <mask> also had critics. The Zahiri scholar Ibn Hazm quotes Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah: "[T]he affairs of men were in harmony until they were changed by Abù Hanìfa in Kùfa, al-Batti in Basra and Màlik in Medina".Early Muslim jurist Hammad ibn Salamah once related a story about a highway robber who posed as an old man to hide his identity; he then remarked that were the robber still alive he would be a follower of <mask>a. Connection with the family of Muhammad

As with Malik ibn Anas (who was a teacher of Imam al-Shafi'i, who in turn was a teacher of Sunni Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal), Imam <mask>a was a student of Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad. Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqh are connected to Ja'far from the Bayt (Household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. In one hadith, <mask> once said about Imam Ja'far: "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge than Ja'far ibn Muhammad." However, in another hadith, <mask> said: "I met with Zayd (Ja'far's uncle) and I never saw in his generation a person more knowledgeable, as quick a thinker, or more eloquent than he was." Opposition to deviations in belief
Imam <mask> is quoted as saying that Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 128/745) went so far in his denial of anthropomorphism (Tashbih) as to declare that 'God is nothing (Allah laysa bi shay')'. And Muqatil ibn Sulayman's extremism (d. 150/767), on the other side, likened God with His creatures.Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi narrated in his Tarikh Baghdad (History of Baghdad) that <mask> <mask> said:

Works

Confusion regarding Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar
The attribution of Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar has been disputed by A.J. Wensick, as well as Zubair Ali Zai. Other scholars have upheld that <mask> was the author such as Muhammad Zahid Al-Kawthari, al-Bazdawi, and Abd al-Aziz al-Bukhari. Past Scholar, Ibn Abil-'Izz Al-Hanafi even attributed the book to <mask>a

Scholars such as Mufti Abdur-Rahman have pointed out that the book being brought into question by Wensick is actually another work by <mask> called: "Al-Fiqh Al-Absat". Citations

Further reading

 Abdur-Rahman ibn Yusuf, <mask> <mask>'s Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained

Online
 Abū Ḥanīfah: Muslim jurist and theologian, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by Zafar Ishaq Ansari, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thinley Kalsang Bhutia, Surabhi Sinha and Adam Zeidan

External links

 The Life of Imam <mask>a Biography at Lost Islamic History. <mask> Hanifa by Jamil Ahmad. Al-Wasiyyah of <mask> <mask> Translated into English by Shaykh Imam Tahir Mahmood al-Kiani.Book on Imam e Azam <mask> (Urdu)
 <mask>a on Muslim heritage
 Imām Abū Ḥanīfah By Shiekh G. F. Haddad
 Some teachers and students of Imam <mask>a

699 births
767 deaths
8th-century Arabic writers
8th-century Iranian people
Deaths by poisoning
Hanafi
Mujaddid
People from Kabul
People from Kufa
People from Najaf Province
Persian scholars
Quranic exegesis scholars
Sunni fiqh scholars
Sunni imams
Sunni Muslim scholars
Taba‘ at-Tabi‘in
Tabi‘un
Critics of atheism
8th-century Muslim theologians

masks:
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Abu Hanif
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Abu Hanif
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Abu Yusuf
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
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Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Yusuf
Abu Nuim
Abu Ismah
Abu Hanifa
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Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abul
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Imam Abu
Imam Abu
Hanifah
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif


title: Jack Panella

texts:
<mask> (born May 4, 1955) is a Judge on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his election to the Superior Court, he was a Judge on the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Personal
He attended St. John's University and graduated in 1977 with a B.S. degree in Accounting. He was a participant in the Business Honors Program. He then received his J.D.degree in 1980 from The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law, where he received the American Jurisprudence award from The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company for the highest grade in Contracts. Following graduation, he was selected to be a Judicial Law Clerk in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. From 1982 to 1991, he maintained his law practice as a sole practitioner. His clients included Larry Holmes, the former world's heavyweight boxing champion, and the late Al Loquasto, a former champion professional race car driver. As an Assistant County Solicitor for Northampton County, he represented the Department of Human Services, including the Children and Youth Services Division, the Mental Health Division, and the Area Agency on Aging, and became known for his strong advocacy of victims. In May 1987, he was the youngest attorney in the history of Northampton County to be selected as the County Solicitor. In 2002, he was selected to join the United States Army National Guard to visit United States troops in Germany and Bosnia.The trip was a cooperative effort of the 28th Infantry Division with the Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR) Committee. Judge <mask> is a member of the American Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Bar Association, and the Northampton County Bar Association. He is also a member of the American Judges Association. Judicial career
Judge <mask>'s election to appellate court in 2003 followed twelve years as a trial judge. He was appointed to the Northampton County Bench in 1991 by Governor Robert P. Casey. He then became the second youngest judge in the history of Northampton County. In 1993 he was elected to a full ten-year term commencing January 1, 1994.He presided over civil and criminal trials and was also the Administrative Judge for Asbestos Litigation, which involved complex mass tort litigation. While a trial judge, he was a member of the Pennsylvania Conference of State Trial Judges. He was Chair of the Commonwealth Partners Program, where he participated in statewide meetings with other judges and legislators in discussing and resolving issues of mutual concern. In recognition of the success of this program, Judge <mask> received the President's Award from the Conference of State Trial Judges in 2002. In his capacity as a trial judge, Judge <mask> was also a member of the Judicial Ethics Committee of the Conference. He was elected to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania in November 2003, and was sworn into office as an appellate judge on January 9, 2004. He now presides over appeals from civil, criminal and family law cases.He served a five-year term as the statewide Administrative Judge for Wiretap & Electronic Surveillance in Pennsylvania. He was named runner up for the 2003 Politician of the Year by the political website PoliticsPA. A well-publicized murder trial presided over by <mask>, provided the basis for the book Lipstick and Blood (Pinnacle True Crime 2006), by John Kearney. It is a nonfiction book about the joint murder trial of husband and wife defendants, Michelle Hetzel and Brandon Bloss, who were charged with the murder of Devon Guzman. In 2004, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Commission for Justice Initiatives in Pennsylvania (CJI), a committee organized to coordinate and recommend judicial outreach and specialized court programs. He was the Chair of the Public Education and Community Outreach subcommittee of the Commission. As part of his responsibilities for the CJI, Judge <mask> conceived and wrote a popular short film on the history and operation of the Pennsylvania Judiciary.Judge <mask> had extensive experience in matters of judicial ethics and discipline. On August 26, 1997, Judge <mask> was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to be a judge of the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Discipline (CJD)], a constitutional court that hears charges filed by the Judicial Conduct Board against judicial officers. In June 2000, he was elected President Judge by his fellow judges. His four-year term expired in August 2001. In 2005, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Judicial Conduct Board (JCB), which is the investigatory and prosecutorial arm of the judicial discipline system in Pennsylvania. In July 2007, he was elected Chair of the Judicial Conduct Board, making him the only judge in the history of Pennsylvania to be elected both Chair of the JCB as well as President Judge of the CJD. In 2013, Judge <mask> became the only judge to be reappointed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to the Court of Judicial Discipline.He again served as the President Judge in 2017. Judge <mask>'s first book, The Pennsylvania Sexual Violence Benchbook, was published in December 2007. The book is a comprehensive reference designed to help judges for the complex criminal issues surrounding sexual violence cases. The book has received very favorable reviews. The Third Edition of the Benchbook was published in 2015 and is available on the websites of the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape. In recognition of his work in judicial education regarding crimes of sexual violence, Judge <mask> received the national recognition of the NSVRC Visionary Voice Award in 2017 by the National Sexual Violence Resource Center. References

1955 births
Living people
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
Columbus School of Law alumni
Judges of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania

masks:
Jack Anthony Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Judge Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
<mask> (August 10, 1921 – July 29, 2007) was a news reporter for television station KTRK-TV in Houston, Texas, United States. His investigative journalism, through which he mostly represented the city's elderly and working class, made him one of the city's most influential and well-known media personalities. Early life

Zindler attended Pershing Middle School and Lamar High School in Houston before graduating from San Jacinto High School in Houston. He went on to John Tarleton Agricultural College (now Tarleton State University) in Stephenville, Texas. In 1941, when the United States entered World War II, Zindler joined the United States Marine Corps and later received an honorable discharge for medical reasons. <mask>'s father, <mask>, who founded and owned a successful clothing store in Houston, was disappointed in <mask>, whom Abe considered frivolous and irresponsible. Abe wanted his sons to inherit the store, a career course that <mask> was reluctant to take because of his father's sometimes angry behavior.When Abe died in 1963, <mask>'s inheritance was instead allocated to a trust for Zindler's children. Early career
<mask> began his broadcasting career in 1943 as a part-time night radio disc jockey and spot news reporter at Houston radio station KATL (the current-day KMIC (1590)) while working for his family's clothing store. Beginning in 1951, when he worked for KATL, he hosted The Roving Mike, a 30-minute radio program airing on Sundays that documented crime and the people involved in Houston. In 1950 Zindler became a reporter and cameraman for Southwest Film Production Company which produced the 6 p.m. news for KPRC-TV, but in 1954, he was fired by an executive who said he was "too ugly" to work in TV. Two years later, Zindler joined the Scripps Howard Houston Press to work part-time as a crime reporter and photographer. While working for the newspaper and his father's store, <mask> became dissatisfied with the retail business and in 1962 took a career detour to join the Harris County Sheriff's Office. He handled Civil Process for two years and then joined the Fugitive Squad where his work took him all over the world to extradite fugitives.Two years before joining KTRK-TV, Zindler was assigned by the Sheriff and District Attorney to establish a Consumer Fraud Division with the Harris County District Attorney's Office. This division is still in operation today. It was during this time of his career that he got his first taste of working on behalf of people. After Jack Heard was elected Sheriff of Harris County in 1972, Zindler was unceremoniously let go, a move that Zindler blamed on agitated car dealers who were alleged to have been rolling back odometers. At KTRK-TV
Upon news of Zindler's departure from the Harris County Sheriff's Department, KTRK anchor Dave Ward recommended Zindler to the station's assistant news director. On January 1, 1973, <mask> joined KTRK, a station with a news program languishing in third place. The "Chicken Ranch" story
Zindler made local and national headlines when he and fellow journalist Larry Conners reported on a long-lived brothel known as the Chicken Ranch in Fayette County, Texas, near La Grange, which led to its closure in 1973.The Chicken Ranch story was featured in a 1973 edition of Texas Monthly magazine, two 1974 issues of Playboy magazine, was the basis for the Broadway and film musical The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, in which the character of Melvin P. Thorpe was based on Zindler. It also served as the basis of the song "La Grange" by ZZ Top. The closing did not go well with the sheriff of Fayette County, Jim T. Flournoy, who later attacked Zindler in a fight that left Zindler with two fractured ribs, along with a snatched toupee. Reportedly, Flournoy waved the hairpiece in the air as if it were a prized enemy scalp and threw it in the street. Governor Dolph Briscoe closed the operation, only to have it open again after a few months. Then <mask> stepped in to shed more light on the operation, which led to its being closed for good. Lifetime contract
The story, along with his trademark reporting style, was instrumental in Zindler signing an unprecedented lifetime contract with Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. and KTRK-TV in September 1988, which he honored.The last story filed was to help an American citizen obtain a Social Security card. Zindler had been a primary factor in KTRK's rise from a perennial third in the ratings to its usual number one position. "Rat and Roach Report"
<mask> was also famed in Houston for his self-described Rat and Roach Report, where he read details from his controversial City of Houston Food Inspection Program restaurant reports on the air. These reports soon became famous for <mask>'s enthusiastic reports of "sliiiiime in the ice machine! ", which quickly became a catchphrase of his, and eventually given their own subsection at the end of the reports. Hundreds, if not thousands, of restaurants in Greater Houston have made at least one appearance on his reports. KTRK-TV's own commissary was cited on one occasion.<mask>'s Rat and Roach Reports were traditionally broadcast on Friday nights live during KTRK's 6 p.m. newscast and rebroadcast later during the station's 10 p.m. newscast. Two spin-off segments resulted from these reports:
In the first spin-off, <mask>ler also rewarded restaurants for operating clean kitchens continuously with his "Blue Ribbon Awards," which was done in his final years with local beauty pageant contestants giving the envelopes of the winning restaurants to Zindler. The other spin-off showcased places where Zindler preferred to dine, called "Where <mask> Likes to Eat...". Most of these restaurants were locally based restaurants, while a handful of them were national chains, including McDonald's and Ruth's Chris Steak House. But Zindler's favorite place to eat, which was seen in the last segment of this spin-off feature, was his home. On Friday nights, Zindler also gave viewers additional good wishes just before his traditional sign-off: "Have a good weekend - good golf, good tennis, or whatever makes you happy." Other stories
Zindler's reports on KTRK also included international stories, many involving trips to various third-world countries; segments in which local business owners (known as Marvin's Angels) provided services to people in dire financial or physical health; and stories focused on the elderly, including nursing home abuse investigations.On his Friday reports, Zindler had also reported birthday and wedding anniversary greetings on air, usually involving those celebrating their 100th birthday or at least a 50th wedding anniversary. The station has stated that over 100,000 requests for help from Zindler were received yearly. In choosing stories, Zindler focused on two factors – neediness and chance of success. While low income was a key factor, being selected for a story had more to do with an injustice than with income. <mask>'s trademark signoff at the end of each report was, nearly shouting: "<mask>ler... Eyewitness News." Honors
<mask> was the recipient of hundreds of awards from news organizations, charity groups, and medical professionals. The Plastic Surgeons of America honored Zindler for his openness and honesty in talking about his cosmetic surgeries and for the help he obtained for charity patients who desperately needed reconstructive surgery.He was a Freemason, a member of Temple Lodge #4 in Houston and was particularly proud of the 33rd Degree that was conferred upon him by the Scottish Rite. Personal life
<mask> was Jewish. In 1941, he married his first wife, the former Gertrude S. Kugler (May 30, 1921 – November 28, 1997). They had five children together; <mask>., Donny, Danny, Mark and Helen. When Gertrude died, Zindler vowed he would never marry again, yet he fell in love with Niki Devine and married her in 2006. Before his death, <mask> and Niki <mask> lived in the Houston neighborhood of Maplewood, where Zindler had lived continuously for forty-eight years. They were the owners of a dog, Magic, a bichon frisé.Additionally, Zindler owned a cat, Sugar, who died in 2006. At the time of his death, Zindler had five children, nine grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. At one point in the 1970s, Zindler considered running for Congress as a Republican, and the local GOP commissioned surveys that predicted he would win. However, Gertrude was hesitant to leave Houston, and the plans were dropped. Also, <mask> described himself as a social liberal who supported universal health care and the feminist movement. He had initially been a Democrat and a Lyndon B. Johnson supporter. <mask>'s father was a four-term mayor of suburban Bellaire and was also a liberal; he was a card-carrying member of the NAACP and opponent of the Ku Klux Klan and his clothing store was among a handful of Houston businesses that advertised in African-American newspapers.<mask> was known for wearing makeup continually, loved cigars, and was a frequent golfer. He had his own producer and cameraman as well as his own editing suite at KTRK. <mask> was also noted for his seventeen cosmetic surgeries, the first of which took place in 1954 after the KPRC-TV firing. KTRK's longtime investigative reporter, Wayne Dolcefino, has described Zindler's eccentric behavior in the office, including loud phone conversations (which Dolcefino attributed to his poor hearing) and trademark zealous pursuit of reports. On November 10, 1999, <mask> appeared on KTRK's locally produced mid-morning talk show at the time, Debra Duncan as the show paid tribute to him as well as talking about his life and legacy. Illness and death
On July 5, 2007, it was announced on KTRK's 6:00 p.m. newscast that Zindler was diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer that had also spread to his liver. In a news conference, Zindler said he would continue to work.Zindler stated that he planned to stay on the air as his illness was treated, even doing restaurant reports and greetings from his bedside. <mask> died from the cancer at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in the Texas Medical Center section of Houston on July 29, 2007, two nights after what would turn out to be his final newscast. <mask>'s funeral took place on Wednesday, August 1, 2007 at Congregation Beth Israel of Houston. ABC-13 staff members and Houston-area religious figures, such as Joel Osteen, Archbishop Joseph Fiorenza, Reverend Bill Lawson (anchor Melanie Lawson's father), and Reverend Kirbyjon Caldwell were among those presenting tributes to Zindler at the funeral. He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery, Houston, Texas. Legacy
The role of Melvin P. Thorpe, as played by Dom DeLuise, in the 1982 film The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, is based on Zindler. In November 2007, Bellaire Park in Bellaire, Texas was renamed to Bellaire Zindler Park.See also

 History of the Jews in Houston

References
 Snyder, Jill Donnie and Eric K. Goodman. Friend of the Court, 1947-1982: The Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith : to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All. The League, 1983

Notes

Further reading

External links
Thankyoumarvin.com- KTRK's <mask>ler
KTRK - <mask>ler
KTRK - The Chicken Ranch Story
KTRK's video clips of Zindler
KTRK - Media Critique

"The Roving Mike" radio show (Houston Chronicle)
"<mask>, 85, Crusader in ‘Whorehouse in Texas’ Case, Is Dead" (NY Times)
 <mask>, <mask> and Louis Marciafava. Marvin Zindler Oral History, Houston Oral History Project, January 20, 1975. 1921 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American Jews
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
American radio reporters and correspondents
Consumer rights activists
Deaths from cancer in Texas
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Radio personalities from Texas
Television anchors from Houston
Texas Republicans
United States Marines
Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni
San Jacinto High School alumni
Tarleton State University alumni
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Marvin Harold Zindler
Zindler
Abe Zindler
Marvin
Marvin
Marvin
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Zind
Marvin
Marvin Zindler
Marvin Zind
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Jr
Marvin
Zindler
Zindler
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Marvin Zind
Marvin Zind
Marvin Zindler
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Marvin


title: John Wall

texts:
<mask>. (born September 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A Raleigh, North Carolina native, <mask> was chosen with the first overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards after playing one year of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. <mask>, who plays the point guard position, was a five-time NBA All-Star from 2014 to 2018 and was named to the All-NBA Team in 2017. However, he experienced multiple injuries in 2019 and missed more than two years of basketball before being traded to Houston in December 2020. Early life
<mask> was born on September 6, 1990 to Frances Pulley and <mask>. When he was a year old, his father, who had previously served time in prison for second-degree murder, was convicted of armed robbery. <mask>. was released from prison on August 24, 1999, but died of liver cancer a month later at age 52.<mask>'s older half-brother, <mask> <mask>., promised at their father's funeral to take care of the family, but was incarcerated the next year and released in 2018. Throughout <mask>'s childhood, his mother worked multiple jobs to support him, his sister, Cierra, and his half-sister, Tonya. The death of his father caused <mask> to frequently reject the authority of adults and act up, occasionally fighting, mostly in middle school. He was cited for breaking and entering as a teenager. <mask> played for two AAU basketball teams, first Garner Road and then D-One Sports. High school career
<mask> played his first two years of high school basketball at Garner Magnet High School in Garner, North Carolina. After his second season, his family moved to Raleigh, where he repeated his sophomore year at Needham B. Broughton High School.Despite having a very impressive tryout, <mask> was cut from the school's varsity team for attitude-related issues. For this reason, he transferred to Word of God Christian Academy, also in Raleigh. It was there that <mask> set about the reform of his attitude and related issues. Coach Levi Beckwith worked with <mask>, first to stop demeaning his teammates for missed layups, and later to improve his facial expressions and general demeanor. On the heels of his second sophomore year of high school, in the summer of 2007, <mask> was invited to the prestigious Reebok All-American Camp in Philadelphia; there, he distinguished himself by scoring 28 points against a team that featured future lottery pick Brandon Jennings. In 2008, <mask> played in the Elite 24 Hoops Classic, at which he scored 10 points and won co-MVP honors alongside Dominic Cheek, Maalik Wayns, and Lance Stephenson. As a fifth-year senior in 2009, <mask> averaged 19.7 points, 9 assists, and over 8 rebounds for Word of God Christian Academy and was ranked one of the best high school basketball players in the class of that year.He led the Holy Rams basketball team all the way to the North Carolina Class 1A state championship; they were ultimately defeated by United Faith Christian Academy 56–53, but not before that school's Ian Miller hit a 40 foot game-clinching jump shot at the buzzer. <mask> scored 11 points in the contest. He was selected to participate in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit in Portland, Oregon; he scored 13 points to go along with 11 assists and 5 steals at the high-profile event. He was also selected to play in the Jordan Brand Classic that year at Madison Square Garden, where he notched 6 assists. College career

Originally recruited by the University of Kentucky, Duke University, Georgia Tech, and University of Kansas, <mask> announced his commitment to attend the University of Kentucky on May 19, 2009. He was suspended by the NCAA from Kentucky's first exhibition game and first regular season game for travel benefits he received from his AAU coach Brian Clifton, a certified agent at the time. In his first action as a Wildcat, in an exhibition game against Clarion University of Pennsylvania, the freshman point guard led his team to victory with 27 points and 9 assists in 28 minutes of playing time.In his collegiate debut at Kentucky versus Miami University, <mask> made the game-winning shot with .5 seconds left on the clock to help then #5 ranked Kentucky win. He finished with 19 points, 2 rebounds, 5 assists, and 3 steals. On December 29, 2009, against Hartford, <mask> set the Kentucky single-game assist record with 16, 11 in the first half, with only 1 turnover. The mark was previously held by Travis Ford, at 15, and was broken on Ford's 40th birthday. <mask> scored 9 points, failing to break double digits for the first time in his college career. On September 22, 2017, <mask> was inducted into the University of Kentucky Athletics Hall of Fame. Professional career
Because <mask> was a fifth-year high school senior in 2009 and would turn 19 by the end of the year, some sources argued that he would be eligible for the 2009 NBA draft.League rules stated that American players must turn 19 during the year of the draft and be a year removed from their regular high school class. NBA spokesman Tim Frank told sportswriter Chad Ford that the league was not sure whether <mask> met the second criterion, and that league officials would need to "do [their] due diligence to determine his eligibility". <mask> announced in April 2009 that he was not entering the 2009 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first player taken, and would attend Kentucky instead. Washington Wizards (2010–2020)

On April 7, 2010, <mask> announced that he would forgo his final three seasons of collegiate eligibility and enter the 2010 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first overall selection for the Washington Wizards. On May 3, <mask> signed with agent Dan Fegan. On June 23, 2010, Reebok revealed <mask> as its latest signing, casting him as the face of its latest basketball shoe, the ZigTech Slash. On June 24, 2010, <mask> was drafted as the first overall pick by the Wizards.On June 25, 2010, Mayor Adrian Fenty of Washington, D.C., declared June 25 <mask> Day on a plaque handed to <mask> during his Wizards presser. 2010–11 season
<mask> was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2010 Las Vegas Summer League, averaging 23.5 points, 7.8 assists, 4.0 rebounds and 2.5 steals in 32.3 minutes per game. <mask> made his NBA debut in a 112–83 loss to the Orlando Magic. He had 14 points, 9 assists, and 3 steals. In his third game, his first home game, he tied a franchise record with nine steals, and became only the second player in NBA history to get nine assists or more in each of his first three games. On November 10, <mask> recorded his first career triple-double with 19 points, 10 rebounds, and 13 assists to go along with 6 steals and only 1 turnover. <mask> was the third youngest player to record a triple-double in NBA history.<mask> was named 2011 Rookie Game MVP during the 2011 All-Star Weekend. <mask> was also named Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month from January–April and finished second in Rookie of the Year voting behind unanimous selection Blake Griffin and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team. 2011–12 season
<mask> would play in and start all of the Wizards' 66 games during the 2011–12 lockout shortened season. He was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge. He was drafted to play for Team Chuck, a mix of rookies and sophomores. <mask> finished the season averaging 16.3 points, 8.0 assists, and 4.5 rebounds per game. 2012–13 season
<mask> missed the beginning of the 2012–13 because of a knee injury.On January 12, he returned against the Atlanta Hawks, scoring 14 points in a Wizards win. On March 18, <mask> was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played between March 11 and March 17. In a road game against the Los Angeles Lakers on March 22, <mask> recorded 24 points and a career-high 16 assists in a win. On March 25, in a win over the Memphis Grizzlies, <mask> scored a career-high 47 points to go along with 7 rebounds and 8 assists. <mask> ended the season with averages of 18.5 points, 7.6 assists, and 4.0 rebounds a game. 2013–14 season

On July 31, 2013, <mask>, labeled by the Wizards as a designated player, signed a five-year contract extension worth approximately $80 million. On January 22, 2014, <mask> recorded his second career triple-double with 28 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 111-113 overtime loss to the Boston Celtics.On January 30, 2014, <mask> was selected as an East reserve for the 2014 NBA All-Star Game, making this his first All-Star team. During All-Star weekend, he became the first in Washington franchise history to win the Slam Dunk Contest after fans voted him the Dunker of the Night. His final dunk was a reverse slam assisted by the Wizards' mascot. On February 27, 2014, <mask> had 31 points and 9 assists as the Wizards won a triple overtime game against the Raptors 134-129. It was the franchise's first triple-overtime game since 1975. On March 1, 2014, <mask> recorded a then career-high 16 assists, along with 17 points, 3 rebounds, and 2 steals, in a 122-103 victory over the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> averaged 19.3 points, 8.8 assists, and 4.1 rebounds on the season as the Wizards finished as the fifth seed in the East and qualified for the playoffs for the first time in six years.They went on to defeat the Chicago Bulls 4 games to 1 in their first round playoff match-up. After defeating the Bulls, <mask> and the Wizards lost in the second round to the Indiana Pacers in 6 games. 2014–15 season
On December 8, 2014, <mask> recorded 26 points, 7 rebounds, 3 steals and a then career-high 17 assists in a 133–132 double-overtime win over the Boston Celtics. Following the game, <mask> dedicated the win to his close friend, six-year-old Damiyah Telemaque-Nelson, who had died of cancer earlier that day. When asked by a reporter "She meant a lot to you, didn't she? ", he broke down and started to cry. He later gave her family all of his gear that he wore that night, including his shoes which had Damiyah's name on them.He went on to tie his career-high of 17 assists, along with 21 points, on December 16 in a 109–95 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. On January 22, 2015, he was named an Eastern Conference starter for the 2015 NBA All-Star Game, earning his first starting gig after garnering 886,368 votes. On March 14, 2015, <mask> tied his season-high of 31 points while adding 12 assists in a 113–97 win over the Sacramento Kings. On April 3, he recorded 6 points and a then career-high 18 assists in a 101–87 win over the New York Knicks. On April 21, he recorded a Wizards playoff franchise record for assists with 17 as the Wizards defeated the Toronto Raptors 117–106 to take a 2–0 lead in their first-round playoff series. The Wizards went on to win the series with a 4–0 sweep, but lost their

masks:
Johnathan Hildred Wall Jr
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Carroll Wall Sr
Wall Sr
Wall
John Carroll
Wall Jr
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall


title: John Wall

texts:
 second-round series to the Atlanta Hawks in six games. 2015–16 season

After starting the 2015–16 season with six wins over the first 10 games, the Wizards went on a four-game losing streak between November 24 and November 28.<mask> averaged 15.0 points, 5.5 assists and 2.3 steals per game over that losing stretch, and shot just 33.3% from the field. On December 1, <mask> recorded a then season-high 35 points, 10 assists and 5 steals in a 97–85 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers, breaking the Cavaliers 9–0 unbeaten streak at home to begin the season, and broke the Wizards' four-game losing streak. Following the win over the Cavaliers, <mask> stated "Every team is trying to make me make jump shots this year, so I was just being aggressive and getting to the basket. I got into a rhythm early and it helped us get going." <mask>'s shooting percentage over the first 14 games of the season was a career worst (.390), as was his 16.1 point average. The next day, in a loss to the Los Angeles Lakers, <mask> recorded his first career back-to-back 30-point, 10-assist game, finishing the game with 34 points and 11 assists. On December 21, <mask> recorded 12 points and a career-high 19 assists in a 113–99 win over the Sacramento Kings.On December 30, in a loss to the Toronto Raptors, <mask> recorded his seventh straight double-double and 17th of the season. He averaged 22.6 points and 11.7 assists in 16 December games. He subsequently earned NBA Eastern Conference Player of the Month honors for December. On January 16, he recorded a season-high 36 points, 13 assists and 7 steals against the Boston Celtics, but missed a potential tying layup at the buzzer, as the Wizards were defeated 119–117. He topped his season-high mark on February 3, scoring 41 points in a 134–121 loss to the Golden State Warriors. Two days later, he recorded his fourth career triple-double with 18 points, a career-high 13 rebounds and 10 assists in a 106–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On February 23, he recorded his second triple-double of the season and fifth of his career with 16 points, 12 rebounds and 11 assists in a 109–89 win over the New Orleans Pelicans.On March 16, he recorded his third triple-double of the season with 29 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 117–96 win over the Chicago Bulls. The next day, he recorded his second straight triple-double with 16 points, 14 assists and 13 rebounds in a 99–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. 2016–17 season

Following off-season surgery on both knees, <mask> was rested in the second of back-to-back night games early on in the 2016–17 season, as a way of limiting his minutes. With eight assists against the Houston Rockets on November 7, <mask> broke Wes Unseld's franchise record (3,822) for career assists. On November 21, he recorded 18 points, a then season-high 15 assists and three blocked shots in a 106–101 win over the Phoenix Suns. By late November, his minutes restriction was lifted. On December 6, he scored a career-high 52 points in a 124–116 loss to the Orlando Magic.He made 18-of-31 from the field and added eight assists. With seven steals against the Charlotte Hornets on December 14, <mask> became Washington's franchise leader in steals, surpassing Greg Ballard (762). On December 26, he had 18 points and a then season-high 16 assists in a 107–102 win over the Milwaukee Bucks. On January 2, 2017, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, December 26 through Sunday, January 1. He led the Wizards to a 3–0 week while averaging 24.3 points (eighth in the East), an NBA-leading 13.0 assists, 5.3 rebounds and 2.67 steals (second in the East). A day later, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month for December. On January 6, 2017, <mask> recorded 18 points and a season-high 18 assists in a 112–105 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.Later that month, he was named an Eastern Conference All-Star reserve for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game. On February 28, 2017, he tied his career high with 19 assists in a 112–108 win over the Golden State Warriors. On March 11, 2017, he scored 39 points in a 125–124 overtime win over the Portland Trail Blazers. Two days later, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, March 6 through Sunday, March 12. <mask> led the Wizards to a 4–0 week, with all of Washington's wins coming on the road. He paced the East in scoring (29.8 ppg) and assists (11.3 apg) while adding 3.3 rebounds and 1.5 steals. On March 17, he set a new career high with 20 assists to go with 14 points in a 112–107 win over the Chicago Bulls.On April 2, <mask> had 15 points and 11 assists in a 139–115 loss to Golden State. As a result, he set the single-season franchise assists record with No. 802 in the third quarter, topping Rod Strickland's 1997–98 record of 801. On April 16, <mask> scored a playoff career-high 32 points in a 114–107 win over the Atlanta Hawks in Game 1 of their first-round series. In Game 6 of the series on April 28, <mask> set a new playoff career with 42 points to help the Wizards eliminate the Hawks with a 115–99 victory, capturing the opening-round series 4–2. On May 12, he helped the Wizards avoid elimination and force a Game 7 in their second-round series against the Boston Celtics after hitting the game-winning 3-pointer with 3.5 seconds left in Game 6, lifting the Wizards to a 92–91 win. He finished the game with 26 points.The Wizards went on to lose Game 7 despite <mask>'s 18 points and 11 assists, as they bowed out of the playoffs with a 4–3 defeat. 2017–18 season
On July 26, 2017, <mask> signed a four-year, $170 million contract extension with the Wizards. <mask> missed nine games in late November and early December with a knee injury; the Wizards went 4–5 in that time. On January 6, he recorded 16 points and a season-high 16 assists against the Milwaukee Bucks. On January 12, he scored 30 points in a 125–119 win over the Orlando Magic, becoming the youngest player (27 years, 128 days) in franchise history to reach 10,000 points for his career. The next day, he scored 17 of his 23 points in the second half and overtime, and tied a season high with 16 assists in the Wizards' 119–113 victory over the Brooklyn Nets. On January 30, 2018, he was sidelined for the next six-to-eight weeks due to his troublesome left knee requiring surgery.He missed two months with the injury, returning to action on March 31 against the Charlotte Hornets and recording 15 points and 14 assists in a 107–93 win. On April 10, he recorded 29 points and 12 assists in a 113–101 win over the Boston Celtics, thus surpassing 5,000 career assists. In Game 3 of the Wizards' first-round playoff series against the Toronto Raptors, <mask> recorded 28 points and 14 assists, as the Wizards cut the series deficit to 2–1 with a 122–103 win. In Game 4, <mask> recorded 27 points and 14 assists in a 106–98 win, helping the Wizards tie the series at 2–2. The Wizards went on to lose the series in six games despite <mask>'s 23 points and eight assists in a 102–92 loss in Game 6. 2018–19 season
On November 26, 2018, in a 135–131 overtime win over the Houston Rockets, <mask> passed Wes Unseld for third place on the franchise career scoring list. On December 16, he recorded 40 points and 14 assists in a 128–110 win over the Los Angeles Lakers.On December 29, he was ruled out for the rest of the season with a left heel injury. After initially undergoing season-ending surgery on his left heel in January 2019, <mask> developed an infection in the incision from that surgery, then suffered a ruptured left Achilles tendon when he slipped and fell in his home. He was subsequently ruled out for 12 months. 2019–20 season
On March 11, 2020, the 2019–20 NBA season was suspended as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the season resuming in July at the NBA Bubble in Orlando, Florida, which exceeded <mask>'s 12-month timetable of recovery, he did not travel with the Wizards, officially ending his season. Houston Rockets (2020–present)
On December 2, 2020, <mask>, along with a 2023 lottery-protected first-round pick, were traded to the Houston Rockets for Russell Westbrook. On March 22, 2021, <mask> logged his eighth career triple-double with 19 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 117–99 win over the Toronto Raptors, ending the team's 20-game losing streak.It was his first triple-double since 2016. On April 26, <mask> was ruled out for the remainder of the season after suffering a grade 2 hamstring strain. National team career
In July 2014, <mask> was selected as a member of the United States camp roster to compete for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup team. Due to off-season knee surgery, <mask> withdrew his name from consideration for USA Basketball's 2016 Rio Olympics team. Player profile

<mask> is known for being one of the NBA's fastest players. His results at the draft combine of 10.84 seconds in the lane agility drill (combine best that year) and 3.14 seconds in the 3/4 court sprint (second-best that year), demonstrating horizontal and vertical quickness. Despite only being a point guard-average  listed height in shoes and  barefoot, <mask> has a  wingspan, slightly larger than the average for a point guard.Relying on his speed, <mask> focuses on driving to the basket and sparking fast transition play. He is also a skilled passer, averaging over 10 assists a game for the 2014 through 2017 seasons, and 9.2 overall for his career. In the earlier stages of his time in the NBA, <mask> was criticized for the amount of turnovers he committed, being dubbed "very turnover prone". While increasing his assist to turnover ratio in later years, <mask>'s TOPG has increased to 4.1, his mark at the conclusion of the 2017 season. Despite <mask>'s shooting percentages hovering slightly below league average except for free throw shooting (League average is .458/.364/.765 while <mask> shoots .433/.321/.790), he has seen his shooting largely improve throughout his NBA career. Personal life

In 2013, after signing a five-year contract with the Wizards, <mask> purchased a home in Potomac for $4.9 million. The two-acre property, which has eight bedrooms, six garages, and 17,980 square feet, was selected to accommodate <mask>'s mother, siblings, and guests.In 2016, <mask> received the Stewart B. McKinney Award for his work to end homelessness after he donated $400,000 to Bright Beginnings. <mask> signed a five-year endorsement deal worth $25 million with Reebok in 2010, then moved to Reebok's parent company Adidas in 2013. He signed another five-year deal with Adidas in 2018. In May 2017, <mask> signed on as a brand ambassador for New Era caps. <mask> and his wife have one son. <mask> said in 2018 that he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in business administration. <mask>'s mother, Frances Pulley, died of breast cancer on December

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title: Al Rosen

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<mask> (February 29, 1924 – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer", was an American baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s. After serving for four years in the U.S. Navy during World War II, <mask> played his entire ten-year career (–) with the Cleveland Indians in the American League (AL). A stand-out on both offense and defense, he drove in 100 or more runs five consecutive years, was a four-time All-Star, twice led the league in home runs and twice in runs batted in (RBIs), and was an AL Most Valuable Player. <mask> was a .285 career hitter, with 192 home runs and 717 RBIs in 1,044 games. He was selected for the All-Star Game from 1952 to 1955. <mask> appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1955. Following two decades as a stockbroker upon retirement from baseball, <mask> returned to the game as a top front office executive in the late 1970s, serving the New York Yankees, Houston Astros, and San Francisco Giants variously as president, CEO, and general manager.Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only former MVP to also earn baseball's Executive of the Year award. Early life
<mask> was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina to Louis and Rose (née Levin) <mask>. His father left the family shortly thereafter, and <mask>'s mother and grandmother moved the family to Miami, Florida, when he was 18 months old. <mask> suffered from asthma as a child, which prompted his family to move further south. While growing up, his two favorite baseball players were Lou Gehrig and Hank Greenberg. He attended Riverside Elementary School, Ada Merritt Junior High School, and then Miami Senior High School for a year before attending Florida Military Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida, on a boxing scholarship. After graduating from Florida Military Academy, <mask> enrolled in the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.He left the university after a semester to play minor league baseball in North Carolina. <mask> enlisted in 1942, and spent four years in the U.S. Navy fighting in the Pacific during World War II, delaying his professional baseball career. He navigated an assault boat in the initial landing on Okinawa in the bitter battle for the island. In 1946, he left the Navy as a lieutenant and returned to his emerging baseball career. Minor league career
<mask> played for the  Pittsfield Electrics, where he was initially given a back-up role. Upon leading the Canadian–American League in home runs (16) and RBIs (86), while batting .323, however, he was bestowed his idol Hank Greenberg's nickname, the "Hebrew Hammer". <mask> played for the Oklahoma City Indians of the Texas League in , and had one of the finest individual seasons in league history.He led all hitters in average (.349), hits (186), doubles (47), extra-base hits (83), RBIs (141), total bases (330), slugging percentage (.619), and on-base percentage (.437). He won the Texas League Player of the Year Award. <mask> played for the New York Yankees' Kansas City Blues farm team in 1948. He was loaned to the Blues for the duration of the team's American Association season as part of a deal that sent reliever Charley Wensloff from the Yankees to the Indians. <mask> was named Rookie of the Year in the American Association for his play with the Blues. Major League Baseball career
<mask> made his first appearance in the major leagues in  at the age of 23. In 1948, <mask> played most of the year in minor leagues with the Kansas City Blues, before joining the Indians in September.He played in the 1948 World Series as a reserve behind regular third baseman Ken Keltner despite only playing five games during the season after the Indians requested his inclusion on the World Series roster. When Keltner was traded in , <mask> took over as the Indians' third baseman, leading the American League in home runs with 37, hitting more than any previous American League rookie. It stood as the AL rookie record until Mark McGwire surpassed it in 1987. He homered in four straight games in June, a feat unmatched by an Indians rookie until Jason Kipnis in 2011. <mask> averaged a league-best homer every 15.0 at bats, and led the league as well in HBP (10). He batted .287 and had 116 runs batted in, while finishing fifth in the league with 100 walks and a .543 slugging percentage. His 100 walks remained a team rookie record for a right-handed batter, through 2014.He also remained the most recent AL rookie to record at least 100 walks until Aaron Judge in 2017. Despite his home run title, he finished 17th in the American League MVP Award voting. In  <mask> led the league in games played, and was fifth in the league in RBIs (102), extra-base hits (55), and walks (85). He batted .265, with 24 home runs. <mask> hit four grand slams, a team season record that was not broken until Travis Hafner hit five in 2006. <mask> led the American League with 105 RBIs and 297 total bases in . He also was third in the league in runs (101) and slugging percentage (.524), fifth in hits (171) and doubles (32), sixth in home runs (28), and seventh in batting average (.302).On April 29, he matched the then team record of three home runs in one game, which was surpassed only when Rocky Colavito tied the Major League single-game record with four home runs on June 10, 1959. <mask> came in tenth in the American League MVP Award voting. In , <mask> led the American League in home runs (43), runs batted in (145), runs (115), slugging percentage (.613), and total bases (367). He also came in second in OBP, and third in hits (201), and tied for eighth in stolen bases. He also had a 20-game hitting streak. Defensively, he had the best range factor of all third basemen in the league (3.32), and led it in assists (338) and double plays (38). His RBI total is still the most for an Indians third baseman, through 2017, and is fourth most for any Indian in a season.He batted .336, and missed winning the batting title – and with it the Triple Crown – on the last day of the season, by just over one percentage point. He was elected American League MVP by a unanimous vote, the first to be elected unanimously since the original "Hebrew Hammer", Hank Greenberg. In Bill James' New Historical Baseball Abstract, <mask>'s 1953 season is called the greatest ever by a third baseman. It is ranked 164th overall, and 48th best by a position player by Baseball-Reference.com as of <mask>'s passing. In  he hit an even .300, led the league in sacrifice flies with 11, was fourth in SLG (.506), and fifth in home runs (24), RBI (102), and OBP (.404). He also hit consecutive home runs in the All-Star game despite a broken finger, earning him the game MVP. His five RBI in the game matched the record set by Ted Williams five years earlier, which still stood through the 2011 season.Hall of Fame manager Casey Stengel said of him: "That young feller, that feller's a ball player. He'll give you the works every time. Gets all the hits, gives you the hard tag in the field. That feller's a real competitor, you bet your sweet curse life." Cleveland won the pennant, but lost the World Series. In spite of <mask>'s 5th straight year with 100 or more RBIs Cleveland cut his $42,500 ($ today) salary to $37,500 ($ today) for 1955. In  <mask> finished in the top ten in the league in at-bats per home run, walks, and sacrifice flies.By 1956, back problems and leg injuries caught up with <mask> and he retired at age 32 at the end of the season. Stockbroker
After retiring in  <mask> became a stockbroker, an occupation he pursued for the next 22 years. Baseball executive
In 1978 <mask> became President/CEO of the Yankees. They won the 1978 World Series, but <mask> quit in July 1979. Tommy John thought he left because owner George Steinbrenner had replaced Bob Lemon, a friend of <mask>'s, with Billy Martin as the team manager a month before. <mask> then served as President/CEO of the Astros (1980–85), then president and general manager of the Giants (1985–92). His maneuvering brought San Francisco from last place in  to the NL West title in  and the NL pennant in , earning him the National League Executive of the Year honors.Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only MVP in history to also earn the top executive award. In 1979, <mask> appeared with Spec Richardson (general manager of the San Francisco Giants in a television commercial entitled "Baseball Executives" for Miller Lite, as one of the commercials in the legendary "Great Taste, Less Filling" advertising campaign. The idea was two major league high-level baseball executives are discussing a big trade in a formal, stuffy members only club, only to reveal that they are actually trading baseball cards much like a couple of children, ending on a throw-down of a bunch of baseball cards on the polished wooden table. The commercial ran heavily during the summer of 1979 along with every game of the World Series that year. Personal life
<mask>'s wife of 19 years, the former Teresa Ann Blumberg, died on May 3, 1971. He remarried, to second wife, Rita (née Kallman), several years later. He had three sons, and a stepson and stepdaughter.<mask> occasionally consulted for baseball teams, including a stint with the Yankees as special assistant to the general manager in 2001 and 2002. He was featured in the 2010 movie narrated by Dustin Hoffman, Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story. <mask> died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California. Jewish heritage
<mask> was Jewish. He was tough, an amateur boxer, and had a reputation for standing up to anyone who dared insult his ancestry. While some reports have him commenting that, as a minor leaguer, he wished his name were something less obviously Jewish, he is later known to have remarked that he wished it were more Jewish—something like <mask>. When Ed Sullivan, himself a Catholic with a Jewish wife, suggested that <mask> might be Catholic, pointing to his habit of drawing a "cross" in the dirt with his bat, <mask> said the mark was an "x" and told Sullivan he wished his name were more Jewish so he wouldn't be mistaken for Catholic.Once a White Sox opponent called him a "Jew bastard". Sox pitcher Saul Rogovin, also Jewish, remembered an angry <mask> striding belligerently to the dugout and challenging the "son of a bitch" to a fight. The player backed down. <mask> challenged another opposing player who had "slurred [his] religion" to fight him under the stands. And during a game, when Red Sox bench player Matt Batts taunted <mask> with anti-Semitic names, <mask> called time and left his position on the field to confront Batts. Hank Greenberg recalled that <mask> "want[ed] to go into the stands and murder" fans who hurled anti-Semitic insults at him. A 2010 documentary, Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story, highlighted <mask>, who in it is frank about how he dealt with anti-Semitism: "There's a time that you let it be known that enough is enough. . . .  You flatten [them]."During his career, <mask> refused to play on the High Holy Days, as would baseball Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, arguably the most famous American Jewish baseball player. In a 1976 Esquire magazine article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. <mask> was the third baseman on Stein's Jewish team. Through 2014, he was fifth in career home runs (behind Sid Gordon), seventh in RBIs (behind Ryan Braun), and tenth in hits (behind Mike Lieberthal) among all-time Jewish major league baseball players. Quotes
"The greatest thrill in the world is to end the game with a home run and watch everybody else walk off the field while you're running the bases on air." "Oh no, <mask> hits a home run and I gotta miss it!" — Bob Hope (for many years a minority owner of the Cleveland Indians) on I Love Lucy, aired October 1, 1956
"People think Mickey Mantle is the toughest hitter in the league, but I can usually get him out if I don't make a mistake.The real toughest clutch hitter is Berra. As you change speeds and move around, Berra moves right with you. <mask> does the same thing, but fortunately he's playing third behind me so I don't have to pitch to him. Believe me, the two best clutch hitters in the game are Berra and <mask>. Most of us pitchers wish to hell they'd switch to golf." — Early Wynn, speaking with Roger Kahn

Awards
 Member of the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame (). Member of the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (1980).Member of the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Member of the Texas League Hall of Fame (). See also

Cleveland Indians all-time roster
List of Florida Gators baseball players
List of New York Yankees owners and executives
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise

References

Further reading
  This chapter in Ruttman's history, based on a January 14, 2009 interview with <mask> conducted for the book, discusses <mask>'s American, Jewish, baseball, and life experiences from youth to the present. External links

1924 births
2015 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League home run champions
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
American League RBI champions
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Jewish American military personnel
United States Navy officers
American stockbrokers
Baseball players from Miami
Baseball players from South Carolina
Cleveland Indians players
Houston Astros executives
Jewish American baseball managers
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Major League Baseball general managers
Major League Baseball team presidents
Major League Baseball third basemen
New York Yankees executives
Oklahoma City Indians players
Pittsfield Electrics players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
San Francisco Giants executives
Sports coaches from Miami
Sportspeople from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Thomasville Tommies players
Miami Senior High School alumni
21st-century American Jews

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title: Elaine Szymoniak

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<mask> (May 24, 1920 – May 20, 2009) was a State Senator from the U.S. state of Iowa, a former City Council Member representing the city of Des Moines, Iowa and a retired hearing and speech specialist, counselor, and administrator for the Iowa Department of Vocational Rehabilitation. Szymoniak, an elected Democrat, served in the Iowa State Senate from 1988 to 2000 (when she chose to retire and did not seek re-election) representing the northwest area of Greater Des Moines, Iowa (serving both 42nd and 36th Districts during her tenure). Her main areas of concern while serving in public office were in health, education, and human resources. She earned degrees from both the University of Wisconsin and Iowa State University. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 24, 1920 to Hugo and Pauline Eisfelder in Boscobel, Wisconsin. Both her mother and father were deaf and this led to her interest in the science of audiology and later to pursue a career in speech therapy and in speech and hearing rehabilitation. She had two older brothers.One of these brothers was challenged with cerebral palsy and the other brother died during military service in World War II. In 1941, Szymoniak earned a bachelor's degree in education and speech pathology from the University of Wisconsin. She married Casimir (Chuck) D<mask> on December 7, 1943. Together they were to raise five children. Career
She worked in public school systems in the states of Wisconsin, New York and Kansas before moving to Iowa in the 1950s after her husband's military service came to an end. She also put her skills to use in the medical field, at one point working at Army Hospital Aural Rehabilitation Center in Oklahoma. <mask> was a speech and hearing specialist, counselor, and administrator for the Iowa Department of Vocational Rehabilitation from 1957 to 1988 and she was dedicated to working for the benefit of those with disabilities.She actively worked with the deaf community and at one time was the state's sole rehab counselor for the deaf. In 1977, <mask> earned her master's degree in family environment from Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Purportedly, an avid outdoor enthusiast, <mask> canoed and whitewater rafted throughout the West with a group of women called the River Spirits. She loved sleeping outside under the stars, walking in the woods, and learned to pilot a whitewater raft when she was 77. Political life
She served on the Des Moines City Council from 1977 to 1988 representing the First Ward. Szymoniak won a seat on her first attempt by defeating a twelve-year incumbent. She was the second woman to ever serve on the City Council and the only woman serving during her time on the council.As a member of the Des Moines City Council she worked to meet the needs of her constituents with a special emphasis in economic development, equality, and justice. She unsuccessfully campaigned to become the mayor of Des Moines in 1979 and again in 1987. Following eleven consecutive years on the Des Moines City Council, Szymoniak set her goals on a different political office and started campaigning for the State Senate. In the Iowa State Senate from 1988 to 2000, Szymoniak has represented both the forty-second and thirty-sixth districts. Szymoniak’s main areas of concern while serving in public office were in health, education and human resources. This is reflected in the committees she served on in the Senate: Appropriations Committee on Human Services (vice-chair), Education, Human Resources (chair), Judiciary, Local Government and the Ways and Means Committee Many of the bills that she authored and sponsored concerned education, family welfare, or care of the elderly and disabled. Szymoniak played a key role in revamping Iowa's Welfare System in the early 1990s.Reported on the Iowa State University website is the following information:

"One of her more significant events as a State Senator was to shepherd through the Senate Iowa's Welfare Reform efforts of 1993. In her typical fashion, she read about an idea and decided Iowa was the place to attempt such a reform. She organized a process to design a program based upon the needs and expectations of Iowans. She played an active role in keeping all parties at the table and in finally passing the Iowa Human Investment Act with no dissenting votes in the Senate." <mask> was known for her significant public service including crafting the legislation that funded and brought the World Food Prize to Iowa. She served on many nonprofit boards of directors or was a member of The Chrysalis Foundation, Iowa Council for International Understanding, United Way, Girl Scouts, the Nexus Executive Women's Alliance, and the Task Force for Iowa's Responsible Fathers program. She received numerous honors including the YWCA Woman of Achievement and she was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1999.While acknowledging anguish on the issue, Szymoniak, a devout Roman Catholic, believed that abortion was a matter that should be left up to the conscience of the individual woman. A parental notification bill on abortion passed in the Iowa House of Representatives in 1994 and Szymoniak kept the bill in committee once it reached the Senate. A few lauded her for political savvy, but most criticized the move as an attempt of three committee members to forestall legislation by denying the Senate an opportunity to vote for or against the bill. At the end of her legislative term in 2000, Szymoniak did not seek re-election. Additional information

A 1992 Des Moines Register editorial endorsing her re-election summed up Szymoniak's political service: "Szymoniak has been an extremely hardworking, dedicated and conscientious lawmaker who is regarded at the Statehouse as one of the more effective legislators." "She is a woman who has done it all — she has been a wonderful, successful mother; has had a career; has been a dedicated volunteer and public servant; and has been a mentor and a role model. She is a woman who has truly made a difference."—Connie Wimer, 1991

Recreational interests: Travel, Camping, Canoeing, Whitewater rafting, Reading. Former/Recent Organizations and Affiliations: The Chrysalis Foundation, Iowa Council of International Understanding, The United Way Foundation, Girl Scouts of the USA, Nexus Executive Women's Alliance, and the Task Force for Iowa's Responsible Fathers Program, Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Des Moines), YWCA Board, House of Mercy, Coalition for the Homeless, Planned Parenthood, National Organization of Women

References

External links
 The Iowa Legislature

1920 births
2009 deaths
Iowa city council members
Iowa state senators
Women state legislators in Iowa
Iowa Democrats
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
People from Boscobel, Wisconsin
Iowa State University alumni
Educators from Iowa
American women educators
20th-century American politicians
Women city councillors in Iowa
20th-century American women politicians
University of Wisconsin–Madison School of Education alumni
21st-century American women

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