title: John H. Ritter

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<mask><mask> (born October 31, 1951, San Pedro, California) is an American novelist, short story writer, teacher, and lecturer. He has written six novels and numerous short stories spanning the historical, sports, and sociopolitical genres in the young adult field of literature. His first novel, Choosing Up Sides, published in 1998, won the 1999 International Reading Association Children's Book Award for Older Readers and was designated an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults. Kirkus Reviews praised Choosing Up Sides, which attacked the once-prevalent views of religious fundamentalists toward left-handed children, as, "No ordinary baseball book, this is a rare first novel." In 2004 <mask> received the Paterson Prize for Books for Young People for his third novel, The Boy Who Saved Baseball. <mask>'s novels have tackled subjects as diverse as the Vietnam War, the war in Iraq, the complexities of exurban land development, jazz fusion, Billy the Kid, the originations of the racial ban against African Americans in Major League Baseball, and the ascension prophecies of 2012. According to Vicki Sherbert, writing in The ALAN Review for the National Council of Teachers of English, <mask> "uses the game of baseball, the glory of music, and the power of the written word to illustrate how young people can overcome everyday, and not-so-everyday, challenges.Each book goes beyond the story of the game, beyond the story of the problem, right to the heart of <mask>'s message: What is really valuable in life?" Early life
Born in San Pedro, California, on October 31, 1951, novelist <mask><mask> grew up in the rural hills of eastern San Diego County. His father, Carl W<mask>, was a sports writer, and later financial editor, for The San Diego Union newspaper. <mask>'s mother, Clara, died of breast cancer, when he was four years old. <mask> recalls, "One thing I remember about my mom is that she sang to us constantly, making up a song for each of her four children that fit our personalities perfectly. So from her, I got a sense of how to capture a person's spirit in a lyrical phrase." Writing in Dear Author: Letters of Hope, edited by Joan F. Kaywell, <mask> had this to say about his childhood."When I was very young, my mother died. And my father, who deeply loved her, fell into a deep depression and began to drink heavily. After being left with four young children, my dad feared he would not be able to cope. I learned quite early that when a man drinks, he morphs into someone else. I didn’t like that drinking man. I hated the late-night arguments that filled our house, the screaming, the breaking of furniture, and the many sleepless nights I would lie in bed praying for peace, praying that my father could see the pain he was causing, how he was harming his children with his tirades, and driving the housekeepers away. In the morning, sober again, my dad would return to being the gentle, loving soul I knew him to be.And sometimes it would last all day. But never all week. Before long, I’d see his car roll up the driveway, see him climb out drunk and belligerent, and I would disappear. "As time went on, my dad did coach our ball teams, and we did have some great times. He even remarried. But he never stopped drinking. Eventually, his second wife divorced him.His children grew up and moved away. And my dad retired into a dark and lonely house." In an essay which appeared in the 2003 book Making The Match: The Right Book for the Right Reader at the Right Time for all yawl, <mask> again writes about his childhood. "It was right around that time [1967] when a certain black book fell from heaven into my hands and changed my life. An amazing book—full of crazy characters, of sadness and love, of desperation and revolution, of insight and morality. It was political and poetical, religious and surreptitious. It was a biography of the world and it was pure fiction.I was captivated by it, motivated by it, undressed, unblest, and depressed by it. All that summer, I’d been teaching myself primitive piano, had fancied myself a bluesy, outraged rock star or an actor maybe, or anyone with an audience, anyone with a voice. Then on this one particular hot, dry October afternoon, my older brother left for college and left behind his Bob Dylan Songbook. "It was long, lean, shiny, and black, a paperback, over a hundred pages full of musical notes and chords and the most surprising poetry I’d ever read. All of a sudden I had a new dream. I tore the baffle off my electric organ, cranked up the tiny Sears and Roebuck mail order amp, and sang that raggedy book from cover to cover, memorizing beat street lyrics, adopting the wail of a moaning man of constant sorrow, a tambourine man, a weather man, only a pawn, only a hobo, but one more is gone, leaving nobody to sing his sad song, and on and on. And I knew what I wanted to be.I would be the storyteller, the historian, the biographer of mixed up, dreamed up characters like these, ‘who push fake morals, insult, and stare, whose money doesn’t talk, it swears.’ Or those who ‘sing in the rat race choir, bent out of shape by society's pliers.’ Characters with eyes, with guts. "<ref>Making the Match: The Right Book for the Right Reader at the Right Time, Grades 4-12 (Portland, Maine: Stenhouse, 2003) 5-7.</ref>

Dylan's poems led <mask> to Jack Kerouac's On the Road, then to <mask>'s The Grapes of Wrath, "and back again somehow—with different eyes—to Mark Twain's Roughing It. All journey books, all road poems, all the manic panic of romance and motion that a country boy needs." After high school, <mask> attended the University of California at San Diego. There he played baseball and met his wife, Cheryl, who later became an elementary school teacher in San Diego, where <mask> worked for 25 years as a painting contractor while trying to establish himself as a writer. Writing career

Choosing Up Sides

In 1994, <mask> received the Judy Blume Award and a cash grant from the Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators (SCBWI) for a novel in progress. In 1996, he submitted his first novel, Choosing Up Sides, through Curtis Brown (literary agents), to Philomel Books, then a division of Penguin Putnam in New York, where the novel became the first acquisition of junior editor, Michael Green.Since then, Green has risen to become Editorial Director and Publisher of Philomel Books and has edited all six of <mask>'s novels.Choosing Up Sides is set in southern Ohio in the 1920s. The novel's protagonist, 13-year-old Luke Bledsoe, is the oldest child of a preacher. Born left-handed, Luke is, in the eyes of his fundamentalist father, Ezekiel, a heathen and potential follower of Satan, for he believes the left hand is the hand of the devil. The authoritarian Ezekiel tries to "cure" Luke of his left-handedness, but with little luck. When Ezekiel becomes minister of the Holy River of John the Baptist Church in Crown Falls, Ohio, Luke inadvertently becomes involved with the local baseball team, which won the county championship the previous year and hopes to repeat their success. Unfortunately, in addition to viewing left-handedness as a conscious choice, "Pure backwards of what's right and good," Ezekiel also views baseball as a temptation that needs to be resisted, so Luke must practice pitching in secret, by throwing rocks and may apples in the woods. Early on, while Luke is watching a forbidden game, a ball lands at his feet.Throwing it back with his left hand, he amazes the crowd with both distance and placement. The ballplayers and his uncle, Micah, a sports editor for a northern Ohio newspaper, set about convincing Luke that wasting a talent such as his is the actual sin. When Luke decides to pitch for the team, a confrontation with his father ends in a violent beating, which later leads directly to the death of the father, when a crippled Luke is unable to save the man from drowning. Reviewing Choosing Up Sides, Elizabeth Bush described it in the Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books as a novel that "pits fire and brimstone Fundamentalism against a rival religion—Baseball—and treats both with cathartic understanding." Patricia K. Ladd wrote in The ALAN Review that <mask> "addresses themes of autonomy and independence common to young adult readers and portrays plot through authentic dialect and well-developed characters", and his uses of dialogue, similes, metaphors, and imagery "add dimensions to the plot that leave readers pondering the book's messages long after turning the final page." Dr. Stefani Koorey in her Voice of Youth Advocates review maintained, "Unlike many sports novels, Choosing Up Sides does more than offer a mere glimpse of the grand old game of baseball—it takes a deeper look at faith, truth, and individuality", going on to dub the tale a "well-designed study of personal choice." For many years, <mask> painted the story the same way book critics did.The IRA Award-winning novel did indeed take a deeper look at faith. As <mask> revealed, nearly ten years later, Choosing Up Sides was actually inspired by a law passed by Colorado voters in 1992 known as Amendment 2 to the Colorado State Constitution, which prohibited enactment or enforcement of anti-discrimination protections for gay, lesbian and bisexual Coloradans. Though later declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court, the law's enactment inspired <mask> to search for a metaphorical children's story paralleling the discriminatory amendment and the religious-based beliefs behind it. Responding to a question in a November 17, 2003, interview by <mask> for the St. Petersburg Times, <mask> hints at the book's meaning:

Atkins: "In ‘A Note from the Author’ at the end of Choosing Up Sides you write about where the idea for this novel originated. So although on one level this is a novel about a left-handed future baseball star, it's really about the larger issue of discrimination?" <mask>: "Yes—and religious-based discrimination, to be specific. That's the hardest prejudice to defeat, since it is delivered bearing a religious righteousness.I remember, as a boy, hearing segregation and racism being justified from the pulpit and I could not comprehend this glaring hypocrisy, totally contrary to what Jesus taught. Only later did I realize that the Bible often gets interpreted and reinterpreted in such a way as to reinforce one's own bigotry and social bias. I think it's important for children to recognize this practice as soon as possible and apply their critical thinking skills to it, since it certainly continues today." Around the year 2007, <mask> began to sense a cultural shift toward tolerance, even in the most conservative states where his books are most popular, and began testing the waters toward a public disclosure of his true inspiration. In a January 2007 interview in a newsletter published online by Brodart Books, he was asked, "Do you ever feel that the self-given title of ‘baseball novelist’ is inhibiting, that it corners you into one genre?" <mask> responded, "This might be hard to understand, but being called a baseball novelist actually gives me a certain unique freedom among writers. I slip under the radar of an awful lot of people because of that title, and it allows me to reach an audience who would most likely never pick up a book about religious based bigotry [Choosing Up Sides] or the cowardice of war [Over the Wall] or one that demonizes anti-environmental developers [The Boy Who Saved Baseball], and so on, if I didn’t write under the cover of baseball."At this point, <mask> began to openly acknowledge and discuss the metaphorical underpinnings of Choosing Up Sides in schools and conferences across the country. Over the Wall

In April 2000, <mask> published his second novel, Over the Wall. Inspired by his sense of outrage at the circumstances surrounding the U.S. Gulf War in the early 1990s and the U.S. bombing of Iraq in 1998, <mask> once again adopted an historical setting in a story about a boy's attempt to reconnect with his father and discover who he is in the process, this time using the "festering wound" of the Vietnam War. "There are many 'walls' in 13-year-old Tyler's life: the literal wall of the baseball field he wants to clear with a mighty slam; the Vietnam Memorial Wall bearing his grandfather's name; and the invisible wall Tyler's dad has built around himself since causing the death of Tyler's sister nine years earlier." "Beginning with the lines, 'People say time heals all wounds. I used to think so. Now I know better.Time won’t heal anything. Time is nothing but a stack of yesterdays,' Over the Wall is a study not only of one family's case of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but the collective case of PTSD which <mask> believes the entire nation has suffered ever since the end of the Vietnam War. When young Tyler Waltern is invited to spend the summer in New York City with his cousin, he launches a book-length journey to find out what, if anything, truly will heal his family's wounds. Tyler is determined to make it onto the roster of an all-star baseball team. However, his explosive temper gets in the way of his obvious talent. With the help of his pretty cousin and with the sage advice of his coach, a Vietnam vet who also suffers from PTSD, the young man manages to navigate the risky waters of this passage. In this novel, <mask> parallels the parable of the Good Samaritan to show how, step by daunting step, Tyler's crippling anger dissolves into compassion for the "battered man" who was once his enemy.""By the end", noted Todd Morning in a review for School Library Journal, "Tyler has gained a level of self-awareness by unraveling some of the tangled stories in his family's past and understanding the intricacies lying beneath the surface of life." A Publishers Weekly reviewer wrote that <mask> "tackles tough subjects relating to violence in sports, religious hypocrisy, and the Vietnam War while creating layers of metaphors which neatly unfold..." and described the novel as a "powerful lesson in compassion." Writing in The ALAN Review, Patricia K. Ladd noted "Readers are left questioning societal mores and values, rules and politics, and their own moral

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 development," and Roger Leslie commented in Booklist that Over the Wall is a "fully fleshed-out story about compassion and absolution." After publishing two completely different books in time and place, <mask> began to be noticed for his ability to switch writing style and voice at will. His editor at Philomel, Michael Green, told writer Kelly Milner <mask>s, in an interview on authorial voice for the 2002 Edition of Children's Writer's and Illustrator's Market, that when it comes to voice, "<mask> is a true chameleon." In the wake of Over the Wall, with its strong anti-war theme, <mask> viewed America's response to the 9/11/2001 events with increasing dismay. Writing in the September 2002 volume of the California English Journal, <mask> stated, "The strain of this past year has been tough on me.After witnessing for days the grand, immediate outpouring of selflessness, generosity, and sacrifice in lower Manhattan—the ‘small friendly town of New York City’ that I celebrated in my recent novel, Over the Wall—I now sit in a blue funk, disappointed in our nation's response and the public outcry for further military retaliation. Discouraged might be a better word. I mean, why do I even bother to write books about empathy and reaching out to others, why do our teachers bother to offer lessons on the same thing, when in crisis, we hunker in survivor mode under a blanket of ethnocentrism, fear, and nationalistic fervor? Seems to me that these were the precise sentiments that drove the hijackers." The Boy Who Saved Baseball

<mask> finally met with widespread recognition in 2003 with his third novel, The Boy Who Saved Baseball. In an admitted attempt to lift his spirits, <mask> took on the U.S. Invasion of Iraq by disguising it as an environmental issue and using a lighter and more humorous vein in a work based loosely on Gabriel García Márquez's One Hundred Years of Solitude.Cited in People Magazine as a book to read, "Now that the youngsters have read Harry Potter...", the story centers on Doc Altenheimer, the eccentric octogenarian owner of an apple orchard in Dillontown, California, who is preparing to sell his acres of land—including the town's century-old baseball field—to wealthy outside developers including a banker from Texas in cahoots with a comical and dishonest mayor. After talking with twelve-year-old Tom Gallagher, however, Doc decides to let the fate of his land rest on the outcome of a single baseball game pitting a team of local ballplayers against an all-star squad from a neighboring community. "Do or die," Doc tells the townsfolk. "If our team wins… the town stays the way it is. If they lose, bring on the bulldozers." With the help of a mysterious newcomer, Cruz de la Cruz, Tom convinces a disgraced former major leaguer and social recluse, Dante Del Gato, to whip the Dillontown team into shape. Del Gato's character, <mask> reveals in an interview for the Baker & Taylor book distributor's newsletter, "was partially based on the real life tragic hero, Ken Caminiti, who was a big league MVP and batting champ in the '90s, but struggled with addictions, leaving the game under a cloud, and was dead by age 41."Once again heralding <mask>'s authorial voice, a starred review in Publishers Weekly said the book's prose was "Enthralling...at times stunning," and that, "<mask> delivers a baseball tale of legendary dimension, featuring several larger-than-life characters." Writing in the Summer 2003 edition of The ALAN Review, editor Pamela Sissi Carroll noted, "This uplifting novel is a joy to read and to carry in the mind. Like <mask>'s previous novels...[he] addresses the realities that trouble today's teens and the forces that shape and reshape local and national cultures. Yet <mask><mask>'s game is unfailingly hopeful and encouragingly positive." Blair Christolon observed in School Library Journal that the work "is peppered with both optimism and dilemmas; it has plenty of play-by-play action, lots of humor, and a triumphant ending." "Baseball in Iraq"

Despite the reception and commercial success of The Boy Who Saved Baseball, <mask> could not shake the ever-increasing depression he felt over the suffering caused by the U.S.-led wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and subsequent loss of civil liberties at home. He began to use writing invitations to rail against the violent turn the nation had taken.In an essay published in the Summer 2004 volume of The ALAN Review, he wrote, "The idealistic hopes and dreams for a better America, for a more balanced and peaceful world which guided so many of us in the ‘60s and ‘70s has, in the last three years, evaporated into thunderclouds of arrogance, self-indulgence, anger, and fear." He used the invitation from editors M. Jerry and <mask>, to contribute a short story to their fantasy anthology, Dreams and Vision, which examines the morality of going to war versus terrorism. The story, "Baseball in Iraq," is a somber depiction of a newly dead American soldier facing a life review by a six-foot-tall rooster and a sympathetic Oklahoma City bomber, Timothy McVeigh. Writing in The Washington Post, longtime Book World reviewer Paul di Filippo states, "Overall, the Weisses exhibit fine taste and editorial restraint, although...their selection of the [clichéd] opening piece is puzzling...But then a challenging story such as <mask><mask>'s ‘Baseball in Iraq (Being the True Story of the Ghost of Gunnery Sergeant T. J. McVeigh)’ comes along and dispels all cant and cliché with its elegant portrayal of the reviled terrorist working out his karma." Under the Baseball Moon

In a further bid to battle overwhelming personal despair, <mask> chose a somewhat autobiographical skateboarder from a musical family as the focus of his fourth novel, Under the Baseball Moon, to examine the true definition of happiness and success for an artist in the midst of a Faustian bargain: professional good fortune paid for by an overwhelming loss of spirit and joy. Reviewers reacted positively. According to a starred review in Kirkus, Under the Baseball Moon was "…a work that is far beyond the ordinary.It's about music and softball, dreams and passion, courage and loyalty and mysticism. The characters are eccentric and dynamic... Even the language is multi-layered, mixing music, sport and street talk with soaring imagery." In a starred review in Booklist, writer Bill Ott noted that "<mask> pulls out all the stops in his myth-heavy plot, but what really makes the book soar is his sense of place: the laid-back, hippie-influenced, communal spirit of OB permeates every scene, offering stark contrast to the coldly commercial world toward which Andy aspires. As in his earlier work, <mask> melds style to content beautifully, telling his story in a hip, street-smart argot that perfectly matches Andy's trumpet improvisations. Teen friendly, lots of fun, never preachy, but with plenty of thematic pizzazz," and a Publishers Weekly contributor noted that "<mask>'s dialogue crackles with the rhythms of the funky California setting, and Andy's passion and ambition give the novel its heartbeat." In the novel, Andy Ramos, a skilled trumpeter who hopes to revolutionize the music scene with his band's fusion of Latin jazz, rock, and hip-hop, finds himself strangely drawn to Glory Martinez, a childhood rival and talented softball pitcher who has returned to the neighborhood.Andy and Glory soon discover that their talents peak when they perform together, but when a mysterious benefactor promises to launch Andy's musical career, he agrees to walk away from his budding romance. Asked whether there were any autobiographical characterizations in his work, <mask> said, "Andy Ramos, the main character in Under the Baseball Moon, is fairly autobiographical. I wrote tons of songs and dreamed of making it big in the rock world from age 15 to 22. His father, though, is closer to who I am today in his approach to life and his view of the entertainment industry's customary habit of reining in and ‘branding the maverick’ of talented, rising stars whom they deem as being too far out creatively." Questioning the uniqueness of the characters in the novel, the interviewer commented to <mask> that in Under the Baseball Moon, "Glory Martinez is a handful. It seems like she stepped out of a Joyce Carol Oates novel. Can you elaborate on why she had such a tough upbringing and still comes across with charm and drive?She is one of the more intriguing characters I’ve come across in recent YA literature." <mask> replied that he sees her charm "as being hard-won through a conscious decision she made a few years before the book begins...I know from personal experience how hard it is to grow up happy and somewhat normal in a single parent home when that parent is an alcoholic. As you get older, though, you have a choice, and it can go one of two ways. Either you become your antagonistic, anti-social parent and repeat his mistakes or, by watching and suffering through his failures, you become the opposite. Of those two choices, Glory made the healthy one, which, as you say, is quite unusual in YA literature. But kids in Glory's situation do occasionally develop a desire to dream big, coupled with the drive to succeed, and I find this rare character far more fun and interesting to write about than the typical." During the 2006 Florida Council of Teachers of English Convention in Orlando, Florida, FCTE President, Dr. Virginia White, presented <mask> with the President's Award for "significant contribution to the teaching of English in the state of Florida" citing the literary value of his books and the positive impact they had on the teaching of literature in Florida schools.>

The Desperado Who Stole Baseball

<mask>'s fifth novel, The Desperado Who Stole Baseball, set in the Wild West of the 1880s and written in the manner of a tall tale mixed with Mexican style magical realism, is a prequel to The Boy Who Saved Baseball and Book One of the Dillontown Trilogy. On his way from St. Louis to Dillontown to find his long-lost uncle, the playing-manager of a championship baseball team, twelve-year-old Jack Dillon meets Billy the Kid, who is looking for a fresh start in California. Upon his arrival, Jack learns that the Dillontown Nine have scheduled a game against the powerful Chicago White Stockings, with the town's fortune hanging in the balance. Again, <mask>'s voice caused critics to react. In the Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books, Elizabeth Bush described <mask>'s authorial voice as having "all the charm of a well-spun tall tale with plenty of Twainian malarkey." Marilyn Taniguchi asserted in School Library Journal that "<mask> writes in an idiom-laden, mock-epic style full of bombast and bravado...Reminiscent of Sid Fleischman." Of significance is the Author's Note included in the paperback edition (Puffin 2010) revealing <mask>'s inspiration.The "Desperado" of the title is not Billy the Kid, but a Major League Baseball owner, <mask>, who along with Albert Spalding and Cap Anson, added impetus to the movement to "steal" baseball from African American players, a little known fact in baseball lore, yet one <mask> believed showed a character even more nefarious: "Others would also tend to downplay baseball's racial divide, as personified by the management of these Chicago White Stockings (later to become the Chicago Cubs). I was not about to do that, having worked on the manuscript from early 2007 to June 2008, paralleling the launch and quixotic presidential quest of a mixed-race U.S. Senator and dedicated Chicago White Sox fan. And yes, as I note, Long <mask> did stand up once and say, "For the first time in my life, I am proud to be a part of this land. "—a sentiment I heard echoed across this beautiful nation repeatedly as I penned this tome. And in those moments I found hope and grace." Among critics, the book received virtually no comments alluding to the novel's racial thrust.Only Ian Chipman, reviewing the work in Booklist, noted that The Desperado Who Stole Baseball provided "a good child's eye introduction to baseball's segregated past." Fenway Fever

<mask>'s sixth novel, Fenway Fever, a book his publisher describes as "another magical novel that celebrates teamwork—and the innate power to heal that even the least among us is born with," is scheduled to be released on April 12, 2012, to coincide with the 100 year anniversary of Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts. <mask> is currently working on a utopian novel, 2020 Vision, premised on the changes American society must go through after a floodgate of top-secret disclosures occur upon the release of undisputed evidence of U.S. Government participation in the events of September 11, 2001. Bibliography

NovelsChoosing Up Sides (2000)Over the Wall (2000)The Boy Who Saved Baseball (2003)Under the Baseball Moon (2006)The Desperado Who Stole Baseball (2009)Fenway Fever (2012)

Contributions to Anthologies

"Old School/Fu-Char Skool" in Big City Cool: Short Stories about Urban Youth, edited by M. Jerry Weiss and <mask>. Weiss, Persea Books, 2002. "My Life as a Reader in a Stolen Moment Talkin’ Blues" in Making the Match: The Right Book for the Right Reader at the Right Time, edited by Teri S. Lesesne, Stenhouse Publishers, 2003. "Baseball in Iraq" in Dreams and Visions: Fourteen Flights of Fancy, edited by M. Jerry Weiss and <mask>. Weiss, Starscape, 2006. "Dear Mr. <mask>. <mask>" in Dear Author: Letters of Hope, edited by Joan F. Kaywell, Philomel Books, 2007."Baseball Crazy" in Baseball Crazy: Ten Short Stories that Cover All the Bases, edited by Nancy E. Mercado, Dial Books, 2008. "Tunnel Vision" in This Family Is Driving Me Crazy: Ten Stories about Surviving Your Family'' edited by M. Jerry Weiss and <mask>. Weiss, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 2009. References

External links
<mask><mask>'s official website
The Novels of <mask><mask>: A Reader's Guide, prepared by Patty Campbell

1951 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American male novelists
People from San Pedro, Los Angeles
University of California, San Diego alumni
Writers from California
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male

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title: Colby Cameron

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<mask> (born April 5, 1990) is an American football quarterback who played for the Fujitsu Frontiers of the X-League. He played college football at Louisiana Tech University. Early years
<mask> was born in Newbury Park, California, to Stan and <mask>. His brother Jordan played tight end for the Miami Dolphins. His sister Brynn played basketball at USC. His cousin is former Denver Broncos' and Washington Football Team' safety Su'a Cravens. <mask> played high school football at Newbury Park High School.In his final two seasons he passed for nearly 5,000 yards and 47 touchdowns. In his senior season, <mask> led the Newbury Park Panthers to the Co-Marmonte League Title with the Westlake Warriors and the California Division II High School semifinals. Collegiate career
<mask> redshirted in his freshman year at Louisiana Tech and played on the scout team. He played sparingly in his second season at Louisiana Tech. He played in five games throughout the season passing for 142 yards on 14 completions. He also ran the ball 5 times for 20 yards. <mask> started in 3 games in his sophomore season while splitting time with fellow quarterback Tarik Hakmi.During the 2010 season, <mask> completed 54 of 91 passes for 461 yards and a touchdown. He also had an onside kick recovery against San Jose State. Prior to his junior season in 2011, his head coach, Sonny Dykes said that, "<mask> is not only light years ahead of where he was a year ago, but also ahead of any of Tech's quarterbacks from the 2010 spring." In 2012, <mask> set the NCAA record for most consecutive pass attempts in a single season without an interception. On November 10, 2012, <mask> broke Russell Wilson's NCAA record of 379 consecutive pass attempts in a career without an interception against Texas State with his 6th pass attempt of the night. Following his senior season in 2012, <mask> was awarded the Sammy Baugh Trophy as the nation's top passer. Professional career

Carolina Panthers
<mask> went undrafted in the 2013 NFL Draft.He was signed shortly after the draft by the Carolina Panthers on April 29, 2013. On August 24, 2013, he was waived by the Panthers. Fujitsu Frontiers

2014
<mask> worked in human resources for Fujitsu Ltd. in Japan while playing for the company's team, the Fujitsu Frontiers of the X-League. Wearing jersey number 3, <mask> started his first game completing 12 of 14 for 179 yards and 3 touchdowns, leading the team to rout the Hurricanes 93–0 on Sunday, May 4, 2014, in the preliminary round of the Pearl Bowl preseason tournament at Kawasaki Fujimi Stadium. During the second round, <mask> completed 20 out of 27 passes including 2 fourth quarter touchdowns that helped secure a 48–7 victory over the Asahi Beer Silver Star to clinch a place in the semifinals of the Pearl Bowl tournament. Despite wet and sloppy playing conditions, <mask> passed for 247 yards and 3 touchdowns, while rushing for another touchdown, leading the Frontiers to a 45-28 win over the defending Pearl Bowl champion LIXIL Deers. The Frontiers advanced to the championship game against the Obic Seagulls on June 23 in the Tokyo Dome.In the Pearl Bowl final, <mask> struggled against the Obic Seagulls defense led by American defensive ends Kevin Jackson and BJ Beatty Jr. He completed 17 out of 32 for 172 yards with 1 touchdown and 1 interception. He was also sacked twice as the Obic Seagulls executed a comeback drive during the last 2:03 of regulation which ended with a 19-yard touchdown pass from Obic QB Shun Sugawara to RB Takuya Furutani on the final play of the game to tie the score at 28–28. After missing the PAT, the game went into overtime with both teams scoring field goals on their possessions. During the second overtime period, Fujitsu failed to get a first down and settled for a field goal. Obic moved to the 8-yard line in three plays, then Sugawara took it in himself on a quarterback draw, diving at the goal line to lift the Seagulls to a 37–34 2-overtime victory over the Fujitsu Frontiers. During the 1st Stage, <mask> was second in the league behind IBM Big Blue's Kevin Craft for passing yards throwing for 1,108 yards with a 66.1 completion percentage, 18 touchdowns and 2 interceptions.He also rushed for 194 yards and 4 touchdowns leading the team to a 5–0 regular-season record and a 1st-place finish in the Eastern Division going into the 2nd stage. On November 16, 2014 <mask> and the Frontiers went against the Panasonic Impulse, the Western Division runner-up in their second 2nd stage game. <mask> threw for an X-League career-high 445 yards with 4 touchdowns and 1 interception to lead the Frontiers to a 48-28 victory. The victory alongside the Frontier's previous win over the Central Division 3rd-place Asahi Beer Silver Star assured them a spot in the Final Stage with their next opponent standing in their way before the Japan X Bowl being the Obic Seagulls. Fujitsu beat the Obic Seagulls 27-14 ending the Seagulls' four-year championship run. <mask> completed 28 of 40 passes for 280 yards and two touchdowns while scoring another rushing to guide his team to its first win over the Seagulls in the fall season since 2007. The Frontiers advanced to the Japan X Bowl for the first time in franchise history to take on IBM Big Blue in the Tokyo Dome on December 15 with both teams competing for their first league title.<mask> started for the Frontiers during the Japan X Bowl against the IBM Big Blue. He completed 13 out of 21 passes for 115 yards during the first half before an injury forced him to sit out the remainder of the game. Second-string quarterback Keiya Hiramoto filled in <mask>'s spot in the 2nd half as the Frontiers routed the Big Blue 44-10 for their first X League title in franchise history. <mask> sat out during the Rice bowl national championship game on January 3, 2015, that resulted in a comeback 33–24 victory by the Frontiers over the collegiate champion Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters. <mask> finished the 2014 season for the Frontiers accumulating 3,045 passing yards with a 67.1 completion percentage rate, 33 touchdowns and 6 interceptions. He also had 331 rushing yards along with 6 touchdowns. For his efforts, <mask> was awarded the 2014 X League Rookie of the Year award and was selected to the 2014 All X League Class alongside teammates RB Gino Gordon, LG Shun Mochizuki, LT Yutaro Kobayashi, WR Clark Nakamura, LB Shoichiro Suzuki, CB Alriwan Adeyami, S Shinya Miki and P/K Tsuyoshi Nishimura.2015
On October 3, 2015, <mask> completed 26 of 39 passes for 294 yards and two touchdowns while the Fujitsu defense limited Nojima Sagamihara's new import Quarterback Benjamin Anderson to just 144 yards total offense en route to a 37-10 victory at Fujitsu Stadium Kawasaki. This would bring the Frontiers to overall record to 4-0 and a match up against rival team the Obic Seagulls for the Eastern Division title. 2016
<mask> would lead the Frontiers to a 1st-place finish in the Eastern division. They eventually made it to the Japan X Bowl where they defeated the Obic Seagulls 16-3 to claim the 2nd X-League Championship in Fujitsu's history as a franchise. <mask> would lead the team into the 70th Rice Bowl national championship game against the Japanese College champion the Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters. <mask> finished the game completing 20 out of 27 passes for 311 yards as he led the Frontiers to a solid 30-13 victory. For his efforts, <mask> was named the MVP of the game and was presented with the Paul Rusch Cup given to the best American football player in Japan.He was also named the league MVP for the 2016 season. Statistics

Regular season

Post season

References

External links
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs bio
Rivals.com profile
ESPN.com profile
Carolina Panthers bio

Living people
1990 births
Players of American football from California
People from Newbury Park, California
American football quarterbacks
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football players
Carolina Panthers players
American expatriate sportspeople in Japan
American expatriate players of American football
American football in Japan
American sportspeople of Samoan descent
Sportspeople from Ventura County, California

masks:
Colby Cameron
Cameron
Cathy Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron


title: Charlotte Bunch

texts:
<mask> (born October 13, 1944) is an American feminist author and organizer in women's rights and human rights movements. <mask> is currently the founding director and senior scholar at the Center for Women's Global Leadership at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She is also a distinguished professor in the Department of Women's and Gender Studies at Rutgers. Biography
<mask>, one of four children to <mask> and Marjorie Adelaide (King<mask>, was born in West Jefferson, North Carolina. That same year, her family moved to Artesia, New Mexico. She attended public schools in Artesia before enrolling at Duke University in 1962. She was a history major at Duke and graduated magna cum laude in 1966, and was involved with many groups such as the Young Women's Christian Association and the Methodist Student Movement.<mask> has said that she participated in "pray-ins" organized by the Methodist Student Movement at Duke University, but later took a "break" from Christianity because of the homophobia within the religion. She has been extremely active in political movements for decades and is openly lesbian. She found inspiration for being a women's and human rights activist through her family's dedication to "activism as good works." Career
Shortly after graduating from Duke University, <mask> became a youth delegate to the World Council of Churches Conference on Church and Society in Geneva, Switzerland. That same year she became president of the University Christian Movement in Washington D.C. for one year. Following this position, <mask> became a fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington D.C., and she founded the Washington D.C. publications, Women's Liberation and Quest: A Feminist Quarterly. Through inspiration from Black Nationalism, <mask> took part in founding The Furies Collective, a group that published its first newspaper, The Furies, in January 1972.The goal was to give a voice to lesbian separatism. While the collective only survived for about one year, the home of the Furies Collective later was named the first lesbian-related historic landmark in Washington D.C., and became the first lesbian site on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1977, <mask> became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media. She participated in or facilitated numerous international workshops and conferences, and from 1979 to 1980 she was a consultant to the secretariat for the World Conference for the United Nations Decade on Women which was hosted by WIFP. In 1989, she founded the Center for Women's Global Leadership at Douglass College, Rutgers University, of which she remains the founding director and senior scholar.She was succeeded as executive director by Radhika Balakrishnan in September 2009. The Center for Women's Global Leadership (CWGL) lobbied the United Nations and the international community to view women's rights as a human rights issue. CWGL is a component of the Gender Equality Architecture Reform (GEAR) Campaign, working towards the establishment of a new United Nations Gender Entity that works for equality for all of the world's women. <mask> has been a major voice for this campaign. The gender entity was finally created after four years of advocacy on July 2, 2010, and deemed UN Women. At its 20th-anniversary symposium on March 6, 2010, following panel discussions on body, economy, and movement, CWGL organized a tribute to its founder, <mask>, who transitioned on September 1, 2009 from her role as executive director to working with CWGL in her new capacity as founding director and senior scholar. Attendees watched a short preview of the then-upcoming documentary film Passionate Politics: The Life & Work of <mask> (2011), directed by Tami Gold, which chronicles <mask>'s lifelong personal and political commitment to women's human rights.The Center for Women's Global Leadership launched the Charlotte Bunch Women's Human Rights Strategic Opportunities Fund in recognition of her contributions to the global women's human rights movement. She has served on the boards of numerous organizations and is currently a member of the Advisory Committee for the Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Division, and on the boards of the Global Fund for Women and the International Council on Human Rights Policy. She has been a consultant to many United Nations bodies and recently served on the Advisory Committee for the Secretary General's 2006 Report to the General Assembly on Violence against Women. She has also voiced her support for the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reform in the United Nations. Awards and recognition

In October 1996, <mask> was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. In December 1999 she was selected by United States President Bill Clinton as a recipient of the Eleanor Roosevelt Award for Human Rights. She received the "Women Who Make a Difference Award" from the National Council for Research on Women in 2000, and was honored as one of the "21 Leaders for the 21st Century" by Women's eNews in 2002, and also received the "Board of Trustees Awards for Excellence in Research" in 2006 at Rutgers University.The papers of <mask> can be found at the Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger Library on the History of Women in America, Radcliffe Institute. <mask>'s papers, 1950–1988 (7 linear feet) are housed in the Schlesinger Library of Radcliffe College. Books
Partial lislt of published titles:

International Feminism: Networking Against Female Sexual Slavery. Report on Global Feminist Workshop Against Traffic in Women, edited with Barry and Castley. NY: International Women's Tribune Centre, 1984. (Also published in French by Nouvelles Questions Feministes, Paris, 1985; and in Spanish by CIPAF, Santo Domingo, 1985.) Articles
Select list of more than 250 published articles:
 “Feminism, Peace, Human Rights, and Human Security,” Canadian Women's Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme, York University, Canada, special issue on “Women and Peace-Building,” Vol, 22, No.2, 2003. “Women’s Human Rights and Security in the Age of Terror,” Nothing Sacred: Women Respond to Religious Fundamentalism and Terror, Betsy Reed (ed. ), New York: Nation Books, 2002. (Shorter version published as “Whose Security,” The Nation, Vol. 275, Number 9, September 23, 2002.) “Human Rights at the Intersection of Race and Gender,” Women at the Intersection: Indivisible Rights, Identities, and Oppressions, Rita Raj with <mask> and elmira Nazombe (eds. ), NJ: Center for Women's Global Leadership, 2002.“Women’s Leadership: Why Should You Care?” Power for What: National Dialogue on Educating Women for Leadership, NJ: Institute for Women's Leadership, No. 2, May, 2002. “Human Rights as the Foundation for a Compassionate Society,” Toward a Compassionate Society, Mahnaz Afkhami (ed. ), Washington, DC: Women's Learning Partnership, 2002. “International Networking for Women’s Human Rights,” Global Citizen Action, Michael Edwards and John Gaventa (eds. ), CO: Westview, 2001. “Women’s Rights are Human Rights Post 9/11,” English/ Spanish in Lola Press: International Feminist Magazine, No.16 November 2001; (Also published in German in Leben Heist Frei Sein Dokumentation Internationaler Kongress, Berlin: Terre Des Femmes and Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, October, 2001). References

Further reading

External links
 Full list of Charlotte Bunch's publications
Watkins, M. <mask> (1944–), 1999
Listen Up: UN Must Hear Women on Violence, an article published in On The Issues Magazine, Spring 2009
Charlotte Bunch's Biographical Information from Rutgers University
Charlotte Bunch's Publications
Articles, Statements, and Videos by Charlotte Bunch
IPS News Article with Quotes by Charlotte Bunch
Papers of Charlotte Bunch, 1967–1985. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Additional Papers of <mask> Bunch, 1944-2010. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. with Charlotte Bunch by Stephen McKiernan, Binghamton University Libraries Center for the Study of the 1960s, January 10, 2015

1944 births
Living people
American feminist writers
Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Radical feminists
American lesbian writers
LGBT rights activists from the United States
LGBT people from North Carolina
LGBT people from New Mexico
American women's rights activists
People from Ashe County, North Carolina
People from Artesia, New Mexico
Lesbian academics
21st-century LGBT people
21st-century American women

masks:
Charlotte Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Charles Pardue Bunch
) Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Charlotte Bunch
Charlotte Bunch
Bunch
Bunch
Charlotte Bunch
Bunch
Charlotte Bunch
Charlotte Bunch
Charlotte


title: Yanic Wildschut

texts:
<mask> (; born 1 November 1991) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a winger for CSKA Sofia. Club career

Zwolle
Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, Wildschut played for various youth teams, including Volendam and Almere City, before moving to Ajax, where he became a product of the famous academy. Despite having a good year, <mask> was released when they decided against renewing his contract and joined FC Zwolle in June 2010. <mask> made his debut for Zwolle in an Eerste Divisie league match against MVV. The match ended in a goalless draw. It wasn't until on 29 October 2010 when he scored his first goal for the club, in a 4–0 win over Almere City. A week later, he scored again in the fourth round of the KNVB Cup to help the club equalise, though Zwolle would eventually lose in the penalty shootout.As the 2010–11 season progressed, Wildshut scored three more goals against Sparta Rotterdam, Cambuur, which he also scored in another meeting. In his first season at Zwolle, Wildschut finished the season, making thirty–eight appearances and scoring five times in all competition. VVV-Venlo
After one season with Zwolle, Wildschut signed a three-year deal with VVV-Venlo on 29 June 2011. Wildschut made his VVV-Venlo debut, where he made his first start and played for 68 minutes, in a 0–0 draw against Utrecht in the opening game of the season. It wasn't until on 22 October 2011 when he scored his first VVV-Venlo goal, in a 4–1 win over RKC Waalwijk. His second goal then came on 20 November 2011, in a 2–1 loss against Groningen. As the 2011–12 season progressed, Wildschut went on to score five more goals against Excelsior, Groningen, Heracles Almelo, Vitesse and Twente, as he helped the club stay in top–fight football for another season.In his first season at VVV-Venlo, Wildschut finished the 2011–12 season, making thirty–three appearances and scoring four times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2012–13 season, Wildschut attracted interests from clubs like AZ Alkmaar and Salzburg. Wildschut, himself, said that he would like to leave the club to step up the challenge to a higher level. Despite this, Wildschut stayed at the club and became a first team regular, making thirty–five appearances and scoring once in all competition against Utrecht. However, the club were relegated in the league after finishing seventeenth place. Heerenveen
On 24 June 2013, Wildschut signed a three-year deal with SC Heerenveen. He was previously linked with a move to the club before last season and almost joined the club, but the move collapsed.Wildschut made his Heerenveen debut, in the opening game of the season, where he made his first start and played for 66 minutes before being substituted, in a 4–2 loss against AZ. He scored his first goal for the club on 15 September 2013, in a 4–2 win over Groningen. After suffering from an injury, he scored on his return from injury, in a 1–1 draw against PSV Eindhoven on 23 November 2013. By the time he spent six months at Heerenveen before joining ADO Den Haag, he made eighteen appearances and scoring two times. ADO Den Haag (loan)
On 31 January 2014, Wildschut was sent on loan to ADO Den Haag until the end of the season. After injuries delayed his debut, his debut finally came on 15 February 2014, where he made his first start and played for 81 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–0 win over Roda JC. Despite suffering from another injury, he went on to make seven appearances for the club.Following his loan spell at ADO Den Haag came to an end, Wildschut made four appearances at the start of the 2014–15 season, including setting up two times in two matches against Excelsior and Utrecht. Middlesbrough
On 1 September 2014, Wildschut joined English side Middlesbrough of the Championship on a two-year contract with the option of a further year. After appearing on the substitute bench unused for the first three matches since joining the club, Wildschut finally made his Middlesbrough debut, when he came on as a substitute in the League Cup against Liverpool on 23 September 2014. The match went to penalties and Wildschut converted his penalty but Middlesbrough ultimately lost the shootout. His league debut followed, again as a substitute, in a 0–0 draw against Charlton Athletic on 27 September 2014. He scored his first goal for Middlesbrough in a 3–0 win against Rotherham United on 1 November 2014, and then three days later scored his second goal in a 4–0 win over Norwich City. However, Wildschut struggled to regain his first team place at Middlesbrough and was restricted to thirteen appearances in his first season.As a result, he spent the rest of the 2014–15 season, playing in the club's reserve in order to regain his match fitness. Ahead of the 2015–16 season, Wildschut switched number shirt from thirty-three to thirty for the new season Wildschut then scored his first goal of the season in the first round of the League Cup against Oldham Athletic. A week later on 22 August 2015, he made his first league appearance of the season, where he played for 45 minutes, in a 1–0 loss against Bristol City. Unable to dispatch in the first team, Wildschut was told by Manager Aitor Karanka that he can leave the club on loan in order to get first team football. Wigan Athletic (loan)
On 2 October 2015, Wildschut was sent on loan to Wigan Athletic for three-months until January 2016. Wildschut made his Wigan Athletic debut, where he came on as a substitute in the second half, in a 0–0 draw against Walsall on 3 October 2015. After making his debut, Wildschut became a fan favorite at Wigan Athletic and even got a chant from Wigan Athletic supporters 'sign him on'.Three days later, on 6 October 2015, he scored his first goal for Wigan; the winner as they beat Crewe Alexandra 3–2 in the Football League Trophy. Wildschut scored his first league goal for the club on 20 October 2015 in a 3–2 win against Peterborough United. By the end of 2015, Wilschut scored three more goals against Blackpool and Barnsley before signing for Wigan Athletic on a permanent basis after a successful loan spell on 9 January 2016, with Gazette Live reported the sale fee was worth £1 million. Wigan Athletic
Wildschut's first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came on 12 January 2016, where he came on as a substitute in the second half, in a 3–3 draw against Sheffield United. As the 2015–16 season progressed towards the end of the season, Wildschut went on to score five more goals against Walsall, Colchester United, Shrewsbury Town and Blackpool (twice). After finishing the season, making thirty-eight appearances and scoring nine times in all competitions and helping them reach promotion to Championship, Wildschut was named in League One's PFA Team of the Year for his performances in the 2015–16 season, alongside teammates Craig Morgan, Reece Wabara and Will Grigg. In the 2016–17 season, Wildschut provided an assist for Alex Gilbey to score the club's first goal on their return to the Championship, in a 2–1 loss against Bristol City in the opening game of the season.Wildschut continued to be a first team regular until he dropped for one game, due to personal reasons. But he did made a return to the first team against Cardiff City on 29 October 2016, where he started, in a 1–0 win. He started in the 2–1 away win against Huddersfield Town on 28 November 2016, where he set up the opening goal for Reece Burke before scoring Wigan's second goal in a man of the match performance. Norwich City
On 31 January 2017, Wildschut joined Norwich City for a fee in the region of £7 million. Wildschut scored his first goal for Norwich in a 1–1 draw with Bristol City on 7 March 2017. On 12 January 2018, Wildschut joined Cardiff City on loan for the remainder of the 2017–18 season. He was released by Norwich at the end of the 2018–19 season.Bolton Wanderers (loan)
On 19 July 2018, Wildschut joined Bolton Wanderers on a season long loan. He made his debut on the opening day of the season, August 4, coming on as a substitute for Will Buckley against newly relegated West Bromwich Albion and scored in the 89th minute to make it 2-1, winning Bolton the game. Numerous injuries caused him to only play 18 matches. Maccabi Haifa
On 5 July 2019, Wildschut signed the Israeli Premier League club Maccabi Haifa. CSKA Sofia
On 26 June 2021, Wildschut signed with Bulgarian A PFG club CSKA Sofia. On 9 December 2021, he scored his first goal for the team in the last minute of the 2:3 home loss against Roma in a  UEFA Conference League group stage match. Personal life
Born in the Netherlands, Wildschut is of Surinamese descent.Wildschut is married and in late October 2016, he became a father when his wife gave birth to a son. Career statistics
Statistics accurate as of 1 March 2022. Honours
Wigan Athletic
EFL League One: 2015-16
Cardiff City
EFL Championship runner-up: 2017–18

Maccabi Haifa
 Israeli Premier League: 2020–21

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2015–16 League One

References

External links
Voetbal International profile
Holland stats at OnsOranje

1991 births
Living people
Dutch footballers
Footballers from Amsterdam
PEC Zwolle players
VVV-Venlo players
SC Heerenveen players
ADO Den Haag players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C.players
Maccabi Haifa F.C. players
Dutch people of Surinamese descent
Dutch expatriate footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in England
Association football wingers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Wales
Expatriate footballers in Wales
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Israel
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
FC Volendam players
Almere City FC players
PFC CSKA Sofia players

masks:
Yanic Sonny Wildschut
Wildschut
Wildschut


title: Dominic Raiola

texts:
<mask> (; born December 30, 1978) is a former American football center. He was a second-round pick of the Detroit Lions in the 2001 NFL Draft, and played his entire 14-year career for the Lions of the National Football League (NFL). Prior to that he played college football for the University of Nebraska and earned All-American. In June 2016, <mask> was hired by the Detroit Lions as a strength and conditioning assistant coach. Early years
<mask> was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. He attended Saint Louis School in Honolulu, and played for the Saint Louis Crusaders high school football team. One of his teammates was Olin Kreutz, two years his senior.The Crusaders were undefeated in his last three years at the school; in 1996, his senior year, the team won its 11th straight Prep Bowl. That same year, St. Louis High was nationally ranked as the 15th-best team in the United States. College career
<mask> attended the University of Nebraska at Lincoln, where he played for the Nebraska Cornhuskers football team from 1998 to 2000. In his first year, he became the first freshman offensive lineman to start a game for the Cornhuskers since 1991. In 1999, he became the first sophomore center for the team since Dave Rimington to participate in postseason play, and set a school record for knockdowns, which he bettered in 2000. Following his junior season in 2000, he won the Rimington Trophy as the best center in college football, and was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Professional career

2001 NFL Draft
<mask> was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 2001 NFL Draft in the second round.He was the highest selected Nebraska offensive lineman since Zach Wiegert in the 1995 NFL Draft, and the highest selected center since Dave Rimington in 1983. He was also the first center drafted by the Lions since Jeff Hartings in 1996. Detroit Lions
Raiola started to get game time as a replacement center in the latter half of the season in a game against the San Francisco 49ers in November; it was his first game in that position. He was selected as a member of Pro Football Weekly's All-Rookie squad during that season. In 2002, <mask> started all 16 games of the season, winning the Chuck Hughes Most Improved Player award. He was a key member of the offensive line which allowed only 20 quarterback sacks for the season, the lowest in the NFL and then a franchise record. <mask> protected both quarterback Joey Harrington and running back James Stewart.In 2003, <mask> was a 16-game starter and a key part of the offensive line. During that season, the offensive line allowed just 11 sacks, a new record for the franchise. He also played more special teams, and became the long snapper when Bradford Banta broke his clavicle against the San Diego Chargers. In 2004, <mask> started at center in all 16 games. The Lions' offensive line helped the team's rushing attack to be ranked second for the seven last games of the season. He again became responsible for long snapping after Jody Littleton incurred a hamstring injury against the Washington Redskins in the middle of November. His reliability and strong performance led to the Lions offering him a five-year contract extension in March 2005.On December 9, 2008, he was fined $7,500 by the Lions organization after he made an obscene gesture towards heckling Lions fans after Detroit fell to 0–13 with a 20–16 loss to the Minnesota Vikings at Ford Field. The money will be donated to a local charity. <mask> started 12 games in 2008 for the 0-16 Lions, dubbed by NFL Network "the Worst Team of All Time," eclipsing the 0-14 1976 Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the 12 straight losses of the 1977 Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On June 26, 2009, the Lions signed <mask> to a four-year, $20 million extension through 2013. The deal includes $9 million in guarantees. On November 1, 2009, he had another small run-in with fans who were heckling rookie quarterback Matthew Stafford. <mask> had a few choice words to some fans in the stands as he defended Stafford from their jeers.Following the 2009 season, <mask> was named the recipient of the Detroit Lions/Detroit Sports Broadcasters Association/Pro Football Writers Association's Media-Friendly "Good Guy" Award. The Good Guy Award is given yearly to the Detroit Lions player who shows consideration to, and cooperation with the media at all times during the course of the season. Following a game against the New England Patriots on November 23, 2014, the Detroit Free Press reported that <mask> admitted to taking a cheap shot at Patriots defensive tackle Zach Moore on last play of the game. The Patriots ran for a late touchdown when they could have taken three kneel-downs and ended the game with a 27–9 win over the Lions, and that decision rankled <mask>. <mask> said after the game that he tried to cut-block Moore on the Lions' final offensive snap as retaliation for the score, which resulted in an even more lopsided 34–9 loss for Detroit. "I cut him," <mask> said. "We took a knee, so I cut the nose (tackle).They went for six. They went for a touchdown at two minutes. They could have took three knees and the game could have been over. It's football. He wants to keep playing football, let's play football. Not a big deal. It's football."Patriots coach Bill Belichick responded during a press conference the following day, saying, "Sure there was a lot of frustration there with <mask>. He's never beaten us. Tough day for him." NFL spokesman Michael Signora said the following Wednesday that <mask> was fined $10,000 for unnecessary roughness, but not for his cut block on Zach Moore on the game's final play. Instead, it was for a play against Moore earlier in the drive, when Moore beat him and <mask> appeared to try to club him from behind. In the 2014 Thanksgiving Day game, <mask> became the first player in Detroit Lions history to start 200 games. In December 2014, <mask> stepped on the ankle of the Chicago Bears' Ego Ferguson.The NFL suspended <mask> for one game without pay, and said that it was <mask>'s sixth "safety-related rules violation since 2010". Personal life
<mask> was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Tony and <mask>. He has a younger sister, Nicole, and a younger brother, Donovan, who played center for the Washington Redskins in 2011. His father, a native of Hawaii, was a defensive lineman for the University of Miami in the mid-1970s, but saw his career cut short due to a shoulder injury in 1977. <mask> fathered an out-of-wedlock son with his former paramour Andrea Yee in 2007. In December 2012, he allegedly stopped making about $195,000 in annual support and care payments, and was sued by Yee. After on-the-field warm-ups at the October 6, 2013, game at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, several members of the University of Wisconsin Marching Band accused <mask> of making verbal assaults including homophobic slurs and comments about the band members' weight.The Detroit Lions subsequently issued an apology to the band and reported the behavior was against team policy, but added <mask> would not be disciplined by the team. Many fans of the NFL commented that the reported apology was articulate and professional in nature and therefore was not written by <mask> but instead was written by a member of the Lions public relations staff. <mask> stated to the media that he has more important things to worry about, like wins and losses. References

External links
 Detroit Lions Raiola biography
 NFL Raiola player page
 NFL Players Raiola biography

1978 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football centers
Detroit Lions players
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
Native Hawaiian people
Players of American football from Honolulu

masks:
Dominic Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Wendy Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola
Raiola


title: Lyubov Sova

texts:
Ljubov Zinovjevna <mask> (Russian: Любовь Зиновьевна Сова) (Aksenova since 1979) is a Russian philologist notable for contributions in the field of linguistics and orientalistics. Her main fields of professional interest include linguistics, African philology, semiotics, typology, Slavic languages and journalism. Education

<mask> was born in 1937 in Kharkov in what was then Soviet Ukraine. She recvied her BA in English language from the Kharkov State Courses for Foreign Languages (1958). She received her MA in philology (Russian language and literature) from the Karazin Kharkiv National University (1960). MA in mathematics from the Saint Petersburg State University (1969). PhD in philological science (structural linguistics and African languages) from the Higher Attestation Commission of the USSR (1965); where her thesis was entitled Verb Classes in the Zulu Language.She received her D. Habilitatus and D.Phil. from the Higher Attestation Commission of the USSR (1977) with a thesis entitled Analytical Linguistics

She received academic honors from the Higher Attestation Commission of the USSR and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in recognition of achievements in comparative and historic linguistics and typology (1984). Career
<mask> has worked progressively as an assistant professor, full professor and leading full professor at the Leningrad Branch of the Linguistic Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR from 1964 to 1990. Since 1990, she has worked as a writer and journalist, and has been editor of the Berlin journal Good Evening! since 1997. She has also continued to work in academia as a visiting professor at various colleges and universities in Berlin. Research
<mask>'s main areas of experience and expertise include analytical linguistics, African philology, Russian language and literature, Slavic languages, semiotics, general, historical, typologic and computational linguistics, syntax, semantics, philosophy and journalism.<mask> was among the first researchers to apply computer analysis to the area of philology, and in her D. Habil. thesis, created a theory that she termed "Analytical Linguistics" to apply techniques of constructive mathematics to linguistic materials. Her work has been described as "extending the aims of the generative grammars, [to] set its aim to describe the apparatus of extracted axioms"  and was a key factor in the reconstruction of the Proto-Bantu language and the description of the evolution of the Bantu languages. Publications
<mask> is the author of 200 published and unpublished works, two novels and thirteen scientific monographs, including:

Scientific monographs
Analytical Linguistics (In English). St. Petersburg. 2012. 370 p.
Africanistics and Evolutional Linguistics (In Russian).St. Petersburg. 2008. 397 p.
Studies in Zulu (In Russian). St. Petersburg. 2008. 226 p.
Analytical Linguistics and Typology (In Russian). St. Petersburg.2007. 378 p.
Linguistics of Synthesis (In Russian). St. Petersburg. 2007. 420 p.
At the Dawn of Language and Thinking. The Origin of African Languages (In Russian). St. Petersburg.1996. 384 p.
Comparative Grammar of the Bantu Languages (The System of Noun Classes) (In Russian). 480 p. (In manuscript). Morphology of the Zulu Language (In Russian). 400 p. (In manuscript). Referential Classification of the Russian Nouns (In Russian). 600 p. (In manuscript).Bantu Grammatical Structure Evolution (in Russian). Leningrad. 1987. 360 p.
Analytical Linguistics (In Russian). Moscow. 1970. 255 p.
Zulu Configurational Syntax.In 2 parts (in Russian). Leningrad. Part 1. 1968. 209 p.; Part 2. 1969. 299 p.
The Verb Classes in the Zulu Language (In Russian).Leningrad: Nauka, 1965, 15 p. (Doctoral dissertation abstract). Unpublished doctoral dissertation (In Russian) in two volumes: V. 1. 521 p. V. 2. 497 p.

Novels and stories (selected)
Our People in Berlin (In Russian). St. Petersburg. 2004. 188 p.
Eurofall (In Russian) (together with E. Vertel).1st ed. Journal "Neva". N 11. 2003. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg. 2004.178 p. 3rd ed. RJ. Ich, Albert Eistein... (In German) //Neue Literatur. Anthologie im Herbst 2004. Frankfurt A/M. 2004. S. 11-18.Berlin Stories. 1997–1999 (In Russian). Berlin. 2001. 56 p.
In the Next World. (In Russian). 1st ed.in: Guten Abend! N. 1-6. Berlin, 1996–1999. 2nd ed. St. Petersburg. Publishing House "Neva". 2000.340 p. 3rd ed. Altaspera Publishing & Literary Agency. Huntsville, Ontario, Canada. 2012, 242 p.
The Sounds and Letters. A Book for Children. 24 p. (In manuscript). Scientific articles (selected)

"The Synchrony and Diachrony of Speech Activity in Analytical Linguistics"(In Russian).Varietas Delectans. The Collection of Articles Devoted to the 70th Years since the Birth of N. L. Sukhachov. St. Petersburg. 2012. P. 457–501. The Specifics of Language Processes in the Bantu Languages (In Russian) // Albanic Philology, Balcanistics, Problems of Linguistics. The Materials of Conference, Devoted to the 100th Years since the Birth of A. V. Desnickaya, 27-30.09. 2012. St.-Petersburg, p. 87–89. "The Evolution of Grammatical Structure in the Languages of Different Types"(In Russian) // Structural and Applied Linguistics 9. St. Petersburg. 2010. p. 46–59. The Theory by V. G. Admoni about the Ways of the Language Development (In Russian) // Scientific Legacy of V. G. Admoni and Contemporary Linguistics.The Materials of Conference, Devoted to the 100th Years since the Birth of V. G. Admoni (9-13.11.2009). St.-Petersburg, 2009, p. 20–21. "The Parts of Speech and Parts of a Sentence in Analytical Linguistics"(In Russian) // The Structural and Applied Linguistics 8. St. Petersburg. 2008. p. 32–49. "Evolution of Nominal Categories in the Languages of Different Structures" // Indoiranian Linguistics and Typology of Language Situations. The Collection of Articles Devoted to the 75th Years since the Birth of A. L. Grunberg (In Russian).St-Petersburg, 2006, p. 421–430. "Problems in the 21st Century" (In Russian) // Structural and Applied Linguistics 6, St. Petersburg, 2004, p. 19–38. "The Orthographic Reform in BDR" (In Russian) // The Materials of Conference, Devoted to the 90th Years since the Birth of A. V. Desnickaya. St. Petersburg, 2002, p. 203–209. "Approaches to the Model of Verbal Thinking (In English)" // Abhandlungen der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft bei der ZWST und Jüdischen Gemeinde zu Berlin. Band 2. Berlin, 1999, p. 112-115."The Reform of Orthography in Germany" (In Russian) // «Russkij Berlin - Russkaja Germanija», 179/47, 1999, Appendix «Chto i Kak», p. 7, 11. "In the Deep of «Tikhij Don» of M. A. Sholokhov" (In Russian) // Guten Abend! (DV), 4(2), 1998, p. 28-44. "The Authorship of the «Quiet Don»" (together with Je. Vertel) // «Spiegel der Geheimnisse» (In Russian: «Zerkalo Zagadok»), 6, Berlin, 1997, p. 42-44. «Concerning Scandinavian Version of the «Quiet Don»" (together with Je. Vertel) (In Russian) // The Miracles and Mysteries of «Quiet Don», t. 1.Samara, 1996, p. 183-194. "The Cosmogonical Lexics of the Peoples of Tropical Africa (In Russian) // «Ethnolinguistical Researches. Ethnic Contacts and Language Changes». St. Petersburg, 1995, p. 203-232. "Zur Autorschaft des «Stillen Don»"(together with Je. Vertel) (In German) // Zeitschrift für Slawistik, 37, 1992, 4, p. 552-572. "Concerning the Authorship of the "Quiet Don""(together with Je.Vertel) (In Russian) // Voprosy literatury (Problems of literature), N 2, Moscow, 1991, p. 68-81. "The Synchrony and Diachrony of the Bantu Languages" (In Russian) // Actual Problems of Comparative Linguistics. Leningrad: Nauka,1989, p. 203-238. "The Analysis and Synthesis of the Grammatical Categories by a Computer" (In Russian) // Language and Logical Theory. Moscow, 1987, p. 62-73. «The Computerizing Fund of Russian and Personal Computers» (together with Je. Vertel) (In Russian) // Summaries of the 2nd Conference on Computerizing Fund of Russian.Moscow, 1986, p. 37-39. «The Principles of the Selection of Texts for Illustrative Fund of Russian» (together with Je. Vertel) (In Russian) // Summaries of the 2nd Conference of Computerizing Fund of Russian. Moscow, 1986, p. 3. «The Antinomies in Constructing the Computerizing Fund of Russian» (In Russian) // Computerizing Fund of Russian. Ideas and opinions. Moscow: Nauka, 1986, p. 217-220.A Review on "Le dictionnaire comorien-français et français-comorien du R. P. Sacleux" by M. A. Chamanga and N. - J. Gueunier (SELAF, Paris, 1979) (together with D. Olderogge) (In Russian) // Problems of Linguistics, 1982, 1, p. 139-141. «Micro- and Macro-structural Analysis in Morphology and Syntax» (In Russian) // Archív Orientální, 1980, 48, no. 3, p. 217-240. «Linguistics as a Branch of Semiotics" (In English) // A semiotic landscape. Ed. by S. Chatman, U. Eco, J. - M. Klinkenberg.Approaches to Semiotics 29. The Hague: Mouton, 1979, p. 407-411. «The Methods of Language Description» (In Russian) // Romance and German Linguistics, issue 1. Minsk, 1978, p. 106-110. «The Limits and Possibilities of Typology» (In Russian) // Studies of Linguistic Typology. Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Philologica 5.Linguistica generalia. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 1977, p. 67-82. «Some Theoretical Problems of Computational Linguistics» (In English) // Computational and Mathematical Linguistics. Pisa, 1977, p. 695-703. «The Functional Model of Linguistic Intuition» (In Russian) // Modeling of Informational Processes of Purposeful Behavior. The Summaries of Symposium. Tbilisi,

masks: Sova Sova Sova Sova Sova Sova


title: Lyubov Sova

texts:
 1976, p. 533-535.«Static and Dynamic Approaches to the Problem of the Linguistic Universalia» (In Russian) // Abstracts of Papers for the Conference in Syntactic Semantics. Moscow, 1976, p. 237-238. «Linguistics and Computers» (together with W. Morosenko) (In Russian) // The Herald of Higher Educational Institutions, 4, p. 25-28. «Referential Classification of Russian Nouns» (together with T. Zujewa) (In Russian) // Linguistic Papers of the Leningrad Branch of the Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1976, issue 3, p. 126-140. «Linguistics as a Branch of Semiotics» (In Russian) // Automatic Analysis of the Texts. Minsk, 1976, p. 6-13. «The Automatic Recognition of Semantic Connections in Russian» (In Russian) // The Methods of the Analysis of the Texts.Minsk, 1975, p. 128-139. «Aspects of Deep Structure» (In English) // Proceedings of the 11th International Congress of Linguists, t. 2. Bologna - Florence, Aug. 28 – Sept. 2, 1972. Ed. By Luigi Heilmann: Societa editrice il Mulino Bologna, 1975, p. 507-510. «Aspects of Deep Structure» (In Russian) // The Theoretical Problems of the Syntax of the Indo-European Languages. Leningrad: Nauka, 1975, p. 56-60.«The Notion of the Syntactic Structure in the Contemporary Linguistics» (In Russian) // The Materials of the Seminar on the Theoretical Problems of Syntax. Perm, 1975, p. 60-63. «The Category of Case in the Zulu Language» (In Russian) // The Actual Problems of the Development of the Languages and the Literatures of Africa. Leningrad, 1975, p. 34. «The Localization of the Events in Time and Space of the Zulu Tales» (In Russian) // The Actual Problems of the Development of the Languages and the Literatures of Africa. Leningrad, 1975, p. 35-36. «The Hierarchy of the Grammatical Categories under the Constructing the Theory of Voice» (In Russian) // The Peoples of Asia and Africa.Moscow, 1975, p. 81-85. «Linguistics and Modeling of the Process of Cognition» (In Russian) // Romance and German Linguistics, 5. Minsk, 1975, p. 181-185. «The Mathematical Methods in the Theory of Cognition» (In Russian) // The Problems of General and Applied Linguistics. Moscow, 1975, p. 8-27. «The Epistemological and Methodological Problems of Structural Linguistics» (In Russian) // The structure of the Sentence and the Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German Languages, 3. Kalinin, 1974, p. 5-21.«The Method á priori and á posteriori for Constructing the Linguistic Definitions» (In Russian) // The Structure of the Sentence and the Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German Languages, 3. Kalinin, 1974, p. 185-189. «The Text as the Result of the Verbal Reflection of the Reality» (In Russian) // The Linguistics of Text. The Materials of the Scientific Conference, part 2. Moscow, 1974, p. 66-72. «A Structural-syntagmatic Invariant» (In English) // Linguistics, 1974, 125, p. 73-89. «The Formalization of Semantics» (In Russian) // The Linguistic Security of the Automatic Systems of Governing and Automatic Retrieval of Information.Makhachkala, 1974, p. 110-114. «The Unification of the Thesaurus of Different Branches by a Computer» (together with V. Motyljow, R. Piotrowskij, W. Shabes) (In Russian) // The Linguistic Security of the Automatic Systems of Governing and Automatic Retrieval of Information. Makhachkala, 1974, p. 10-12. «The Automatic Recognition of the Semantic Phenomena in Syntax» (In Russian) // Statistics of Language and Automatic Analysis of Text 1974. Leningrad: Nauka, 1974, p. 66-93. «The Mechanism Generating the Syntactic Conceptions» (In Russian) // Statistics of Language and Automatic Analysis of Text 1974. Leningrad: Nauka, 1974, p. 401-404.«The Deep Structure and the Invariant of Translation» (In Russian) // The Structure of Sentence and Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German Languages, issue 2, Kalinin, 1974, p. 301-303. «The Correlation of Form and Meaning in Syntagmatics» (In Russian) // The Structure of Sentence and Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German Languages, issue 2, Kalinin, 1974, p. 19-33. "The Principles of Linguistic Constructivism" (In Russian) // The Linguistic Statistics and Automatic Analysis of Texts. Minsk, 1974, p. 20-40. "Some Theoretical Problems of Computational Linguistics" (In English) // Computational and Mathematical Linguistics. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Piza: Leo S.OIschki Editore-Firenze-MCMLXXVII, 1974, p. 695-703."The Ideophones in the Zulu Language" (In Russian) // The Main Problems of African Philology. Moscow: Nauka, 1973, p. 372-378. "Induction and Deduction in Constructing of the Linguistic Theory (In Russian) // The theory of Language and Computational Linguistics. Leningrad, 1973, p. 121-133. "The Formal Connections in Russian (the Definitions)" (In Russian) // The Problems of Structural Linguistics. Moscow: Nauka, 1973, p. 527-542. Chronicle Notes (together with A. Liberman) (In Russian) // Problems of Linguistics, 1972, 3, p. 156-159."The Connection between Subject and Predicate in the Zulu Language" (In Russian) // Africana IX. Leningrad: Nauka 1972, p. 160-180. "Dualism of Syntactic Structure" (In Russian) // The Structure of Sentence and Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German languages, 1. Kalinin, 1972, p. 9-28. "Some Antinomies Connecting to the Problem Language - Speech"(In Russian) // The Structure of Sentence and Classes of the Words in the Romanian and German languages, 1. Kalinin, 1971, p. 224-230. "The Functions of the Suffix -isa in the Zulu Language" (In Russian) // Africana VII.Leningrad: Nauka, 1971 p. 127-150. "The Structural-and-syntagmatic Invariant" (In English) // Acta Linguistica, 1971, XXI, 3-4, p. 267-281. "Typology and Semiotics"(In English) // Actes du X-e Congrés International des Linguistes, Bucarest, 28 Aout - 2 Septembre 1967, v. 3. Bucarest: Editions de l’Académie de la République socialista de Roumanie, 1970, p. 557-563. "ls a Set of Typological Definitions a System?" (In English) // Theoretical Problems of Typology and the Northern Eurasian Languages. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, p. 93-94.«Versuch einer Klassifikation der Sprachen auf der Grundlage von Typen binärer Wortverbindungen» (In German) // Linguistics, 1969, 53, Haage, p. 93-99. "The Valence and Transitivity from the Point of View of the Linguistic Dualism"(In Russian) // The Language Universalia and the Linguistic Typology. Moscow: Nauka, 1969, p. 244-250. "Typology and Semiotics (In English) // Resumes des communications (X-eme Congrés International des Linguistes). Bucarest: Comité d’Organisation, 1967, p. 345. "Semiology and Linguistics (In Russian) // The Language as the Sign System of Special Type. Moscow, 1967, p. 69-72."The Dualism of Linguistic Signs"(In Russian) // The Peoples of Asia and Africa, 6, Moscow, 1966. "Semiotics and Typology"(In Russian) // The Conference on Problems of Universal and Areal Characteristics of Languages. Abstracts. Moscow, 1966, p. 69-74. "The Language Intuition and the Form - Meaning"(In Russian) // Important Problems of Language Evolution. Samarkand, 1966, p. 186-190. "The Defective Verbs in the Zulu Language" (In Russian) // The Peoples of Asia and Africa, 1966, 4, p. 184-194."The Correlation of the Language Subsystems to the Speech ones"(In Russian) // The Languages of Africa. Moscow: Nauka, 1966, p. 205-218. "The Correlation of the Linguistic Subsystems” (together with V. Khrakovskij) (In Russian) // The Linguistic Typology and the Oriental Languages. Moscow: Nauka, 1965 p. 235-238. "The Approaches to the Classification of the Languages on the basis of the Types of Binary Word-Clusters" (In Russian) // The Linguistic Typology and the Oriental Languages. Moscow: Nauka, 1965, p. 229-234. "The Causative Transformation as the Tool for Typologic Classification of the Languages" (In Russian) // The Conference on Typology of the Oriental Languages.Moscow, 1963, p. 82. "The Syntactic Synonyms in the Machine Translation" (In Russian) // The Papers of the Conference in the Automatic Treatment of Information. Moscow, 1961, p. 1-16. References

External links
    iling.spb.ru/pdf/liudi/sova/aksenova.html - L. Z<mask> in the Institute of the Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
    unicat.nlb.by/opac/pls/dict.dic_tst_first? ...

http://libros.am/.../modelorovanie-r...myslitelnykx-aktov
www.tmnlib.ru.82/ ... /irbis32r/cgiirbis_32.exe?.. iling.spb.ru/comparativ/persona/sova/al_translation.pdf - L. Z. Sova.Analytical Linguistics. St.Petersburg. 2012.
rutracker.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=3565994 - L. Z. Sova. Analytical Linguistics and Typology. In Russian. St.Petersburg. 2007.
unicat.nlb.by/opac/pls/!search.http_keyword?... - L. Z<mask>. African and Evolutional Linguistics. In Russian. St.Petersburg. 2008.
www.twirpx.com/file/875353 - L. Z<mask>. Linguistics of Synthesis. In Russian.St.Petersburg. 2007.
www.alib.ru/5_sova_l_z_u_isto ... f4aa56ae3d32f.html - L. Z. Sova. At the Down of Language and Thinking. Genesis of African Languages. In Russian. St.Petersburg. 1996.
www.biblus.ru/Default.aspx?book=4q3887e8 - L. Z. Sova.The Evolution of Grammatical Structure of the Bantu Languages. In Russian. Leningrad. 1987.
www.alib.ru/bs.php4?. - L. Z. Sova. The Configurational Syntax of the Zulu Language. In Russian.Leningrad. 1968–1969. 1937 births
Living people
Linguists from Russia
Russian orientalists
Russian Africanists
People from Saint Petersburg
National University of Kharkiv alumni
Women

masks:
. Sova
. Sova
. Sova


title: Charlotta Bass

texts:
<mask> (February 14, 1874 – April 12, 1969) was an American educator, newspaper publisher-editor, and civil rights activist. She also focused on various other issues such as housing rights, voting rights, and labor rights, as well as police brutality and harassment. <mask> is believed to be the first African-American woman to own and operate a newspaper in the United States; she published the California Eagle from 1912 until 1951. In 1952, <mask> became the first African-American woman nominated for Vice President, as a candidate of the Progressive Party. Due to her activities, <mask> was repeatedly accused of being part of the Communist Party, for which there was no evidence and which <mask> herself repeatedly denied. She was monitored by the FBI, who continued to view her as a potential security threat up until she was in her nineties. Background

<mask> was born on February 14, 1874, to Hiram and Kate Spears.Some sources give her birthplace as in Sumter, South Carolina, while other sources suggest she was born in Little Compton, Rhode Island. She was the sixth child of eleven. She received an education from public schools and one semester at Pembroke College in Brown University. When she was twenty years old, she moved to live with her brother Ellis in Providence, Rhode Island, where she worked selling subscriptions for the Providence Watchman, a local Black newspaper. Spears worked for the Providence Watchman for about ten years. She moved to California at age 36 for her health and ended up working at the California Eagle. Her first job at the California Eagle consisted of selling subscriptions.When its founder John Neimore died, she assumed the role of editor for the paper. She later became the owner of the California Eagle after purchasing it in auction for fifty dollars. At this time she took courses at Columbia University and University of California. In 1912, a new editor, <mask> joined the Eagle. <mask> had been one of the founders of the Topeka Plaindealer. He shared his concern with Spears about the injustice and racial discrimination in society. Marriage and family

<mask> Spears married <mask>, and they ran the Eagle together.She had no children. California Eagle

The Eagle developed a large black readership. By 1925, the Eagle employed a staff of twelve and published twenty pages a week. The Eagles circulation of 60,000 made it the largest African-American newspaper on the West Coast. It is credited as pioneering multiethnic politics, advocating Asian-American and Mexican-American civil rights in the 1940s, during which time the California Eagle, along with other African-American presses, were under investigation by the Office of the Secretary of War, who viewed it as a threat to national security. The Department of Justice interrogated <mask> in 1942 over claims that the paper was funded by Japan and Germany. When the editor John J. Neimore became ill, he turned the operations of the Eagle over to Spears.After Neimore's death, "it turned out, this Black-founded newspaper was owned by a white man, who offered his support only if [Spears] would become his 'sweetheart.' 'Get out, you dirty dog!' she told him. She borrowed $50 from a local store owner to purchase the deed." She renamed the newspaper company to the California Eagle due to increasing social and political issues. Her purpose for the California Eagle was to write about the wrongs of society. The newspaper served as a source of both information and inspiration for the black community, which was often ignored or negatively portrayed by the predominant white press.As publisher, <mask> was committed to producing a quality periodical. In her weekly column "On the Sidewalk", begun in 1927, she drew attention to unjust social and political conditions for all Los Angeles minority communities and campaigned vigorously for reform. <mask> published the California Eagle from 1912 until 1951. <mask> and her husband combated such issues as the derogatory images in D. W. Griffith's film, The Birth of a Nation; Los Angeles' discriminatory hiring practices; the revival of the Ku Klux Klan; police brutality; and restrictive housing covenants. In her pursuit against the Ku Klux Klan <mask> received threatening phone calls and at one point was confronted by eight men robed in white, who she scared off after displaying a firearm. She was also unsuccessfully sued for libel by Klan leader G.W. Price after <mask> published a letter from the clan which detailed plans to exterminate black leaders.The <mask>es championed the black soldiers of the Twenty-Fourth Infantry who were unjustly sentenced in the 1917 Houston race riot. They also covered the case and supported the "Scottsboro Boys," nine young men who were framed and convicted of rape in Scottsboro, Alabama, in 1931. In 1934, <mask> died and <mask> <mask> assumed control of the paper. During this time period the California Eagle, along with other African-American presses, were under investigation by the Office of the Secretary of War, who viewed it as a threat to national security. The Department of Justice interrogated <mask> in 1942 over claims that the paper was funded by Japan and Germany. The FBI continued to monitor <mask>, as they deemed her actions as advocating the Communist Party despite a lack of evidence and <mask> herself denying any assertions of the kind. In 1943, the Department of Justice was asked by the Post Office Department to revoke her mailing permit.The Post Office Department argued that the newspaper could not be mailed due to sensitive and illegal material within the paper. <mask> again won the case, and the Department of Justice said her mailing permit would not be revoked. <mask> continued to use the paper as a way of raising awareness of various issues facing African-Americans and other minorities such as restrictive covenants in housing, which the United States Supreme Court found to be unconstitutional in 1948. <mask> continued to run the California Eagle on her own until selling it in 1951 and moving to New York City, where she focused on politics. Her activism and political activities would result in continued belief that she was a communist, which she continued to deny. Political activities

During the 1920s, <mask> became co-president of the Los Angeles chapter of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, founded by Marcus Garvey. <mask> formed the Home Protective Association to defeat housing covenants in all-white neighborhoods.She helped found the Industrial Business Council, which fought discrimination in employment practices and encouraged black people to go into business. As editor and publisher of the California Eagle, the oldest black newspaper on the West Coast, <mask> <mask> fought against restrictive covenants in housing and segregated schools in Los Angeles. She campaigned to end job discrimination at the Los Angeles General Hospital, the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Company, the Southern Telephone Company, and the Boulder Canyon Project. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, she continued to encourage black businesses with the campaign known as "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work". A longtime Republican, she voted for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat, in 1936. As a leader of both the NAACP and the UNIA, <mask> spanned the divide between integrationist and separatist black politics. She was the director of the Youth Movement of the NAACP.It had 200 members, including some actors and actresses, such as Lena Horne, Hattie McDaniel, and Louise Beavers. In 1940, the Republican Party chose <mask> as western regional director for Wendell Willkie's presidential campaign. Three years later, she became the first African-American grand jury member for the Los Angeles County Court. Also in 1943, <mask> led a group of black leaders to the office of the Mayor of Los Angeles, Fletcher Bowron's office. They demanded an expansion of the Mayor's Committee on American Unity, more public mass meetings to promote interracial unity, and an end to the discriminatory hiring practices of the privately owned Los Angeles Railway Company. The mayor listened, but agreed to do no more than to expand his committee. Then later in the 1940s, <mask> left the Republican Party and joined the Progressive Party because she believed neither of the major parties was committed to civil rights.<mask> also ran for the Los Angeles City Council in the 1940s using the song-title slogan “Don’t Fence Me In” to highlight her condemnation of housing discrimination. <mask> served in 1952 as the National Chairman of the Sojourners for Truth and Justice, an organization of black women set up to protest racial violence in the South. That year, she was nominated for vice president of the United States by the Progressive Party. She was the running mate of lawyer Vincent Hallinan. <mask> became the first African-American woman to run for vice president of the United States. Her platform called for civil rights, women's rights, an end to the Korean War, and peace with the Soviet Union. <mask>'s slogan during the vice presidential campaign was, "Win or lose, we win by raising the issues."She was endorsed by Paul Robeson, W.E.B. DuBois and Ada B. Jackson in campaign material during her run. She began the campaign on her own as Hallinan served out a six-month contempt of court sentence arising from his legal defense of union leader Harry Bridges. <mask> worked on issues that also attracted Luisa Moreno, who was active in Afro-Chicano politics in Los Angeles during the 1930s-1950. No record shows that the two women ever met, but in 1943 both served on the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, a multiracial group that fought for the release of several Chicanos convicted of murder by an all-white jury making <mask> and Moreno part of the same "constellation" of struggle. <mask> wrote her last column for the California Eagle on April 26, 1951, and sold the paper soon after. Considering the sum of her career as she was completing her autobiography, Forty Years (1960), <mask> wrote:

In 1966, <mask> had a stroke and afterwards retired to a Los Angeles nursing home.In 1967, at age ninety-one the FBI still classified <mask> <mask> as a potential security threat. During her years of retirement, she maintained a library in her garage for the young people in her neighborhood. It was a continuation of her long fight to give all people opportunities and education. She died in Los Angeles on April 12, 1969 from a cerebral hemorrhage. She is buried alongside her husband in Evergreen Cemetery, Boyle Heights, East Los Angeles, California. The grave marker only names her husband. Inter-racial political activities
Gaye Johnson's essay, Constellations of Struggle (2008) examines <mask> <mask> and Luisa Moreno's significance on political activism and how it relates to the history of struggle communities of color have faced.Both <mask> <mask> and Luisa Moreno shared a "mutual struggle" and were active in fighting for civil rights through organizations together and through their own pursuits. <mask> <mask> primarily focused on the African American community and Luisa Moreno on the Chicano community but both supported a variety of civil rights. Both women were active in the Sleepy Lagoon Defense Committee, labor rights, and civil rights throughout their lives. Both women also used a technique of influencing one community at a time, employing antiracist activism, and bringing awareness. Through the California Eagle <mask> <mask> was able to have readers recognize the struggles of communities of color. Even when <mask> <mask> was faced with her own struggles with United States officials she used it as opportunities to further the influence of her paper. This can be seen after her detainment by United States officials caused her to miss her flight to China for a conference, where afterwards she continued to work on the next issue of the paper.<mask> <mask> was able to strengthen the community by pointing out the issues in Los Angeles, bringing the African American community together. With the strategy of one community at a time she was able to publicize the unequal treatment in a majority of issues from housing to police brutality. Through the newspaper she was able reverse the long used tactic of blaming people of color to shift the blame onto white officials who were responsible for the unequal treatment continued to be perpetuated in various areas such as housing and police brutality. Gaye Johnson's book, Spaces of Conflict, Sounds of Solidarity (2013) furthers this concept of "constellations of struggle" by looking at the "history of resistance" where communities have fought back and how they have reclaimed space. The work of <mask> <mask> and Luisa Moreno represents an interracial struggle and moments of solidarity. These moments of solidarity between African Americans and Mexicans was a way of reclaiming space through not only political means but through leisure spaces like music. When communities of color were violently attacked by whites it brought these communities together to further resist by unifying their forces together.The California Eagle was utilized as a tool to change the communities ideology by challenging the police even comparing their tactics to Hitler's tactics, challenging the assumption criminal behavior was biological in people of color, and linked fascism to racism. The California Eagle was a way of reaching global attention to the issues of people of color. <mask> <mask> was able to promote the creation of "spatial entitlement" by bringing communities together through her work with organizations and the newspaper. Legacy
<mask> <mask> is known for her work as owner and editor of the California Eagle from the 1912 to 1951. The California Eagle was used as a platform for publicizing the issues of the African American community and later included the issues of a variety of civil rights. She worked to improve the conditions of people of color through a multitude of civil rights such as housing rights, labor rights, voting rights, and police brutality. She was the first African American woman to be a jury member in the Los Angeles County Court and to run for Vice President of the United States.See also
 List of Los Angeles municipal election returns, 1945, for the results of her bid for City Council

Notes

References

Further reading
John M. Findlay. Power and Place in the North American West by Richard White. University of Washington Press, 1999. Obituary: Los Angeles Sentinel, 17 April 1969

External links

 <mask> <mask> and the California Eagle, Southern California Library for Social Studies & Research
 "Charlotta A. <mask> Collection, 1924-77", Southern California Library for Social Studies & Research
 Charlotta <mask> / California Eagle Photograph Collection, 1870-1960 at the University of Southern California Libraries
 <mask> A<mask>, Black Past

 <mask> <mask> at the California Museum

1874 births
1969 deaths
African-American candidates for Vice President of the United States
American civil rights activists
Women civil rights activists
American newspaper publishers (people)
People from Sumter, South Carolina
Progressive Party (United States, 1948) politicians
1952 United States vice-presidential candidates
Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League members
Women in California politics
Female candidates for Vice President of the United States
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
Writers from California
Writers from South Carolina
Activists from California
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians

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