title: Conor Hayes

texts:
<mask> (born 11 May 1958) is an Irish former hurler who played as a full-back for the Galway senior team. Born in Kiltormer, County Galway, <mask> first played competitive hurling in his youth. He made his first impression on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty he joined the Galway under-21 team. He made his senior debut during the 1979 championship. <mask> went on to play a key role for Galway for over a decade, and won three All-Ireland medals and two National Hurling League medals. A two-time All-Ireland-winning captain, <mask> was an All-Ireland runner-up on three occasions. As a member of the Connacht inter-provincial team for almost a decade, <mask> won four Railway Cup medal.At club level he is a one-time All-Ireland medallist with Kiltormer. In addition to this he also won two Connacht medals and three championship medals. <mask> also lined out with Glen Rovers. Throughout his career <mask> made 23 championship appearances for Galway. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1990 championship. <mask> is widely regarded as one of Galway's greatest-ever club and inter-county hurlers. He has often been voted onto teams made up of the sport's greats, including at full-back on the Galway Hurling Team of the Millennium and on the All-Ireland Club Hurling Silver Jubilee Team.In retirement from playing, <mask> became involved in team management and coaching. During a four-year term as manager of the Galway senior hurlers, he guided the team to an All-Ireland final appearance. Playing career
He won a Fitzgibbon Cup with University College Galway in 1977. Club
<mask> joined the Kiltormer senior team as a non-playing sub in 1976, before making his championship debut the following year. He won his first championship medal that year following a 3–10 to 3–8 defeat of Athenry. In 1982 <mask> missed out on Kiltormer's next championship success, as he spent the year playing with Glen Rovers in Cork. <mask> was back with Kiltormer by 1990 when the club reached the club decider once again.An 0–18 to 2–7 defeat of Turloughmore gave him his second championship medal. He later won his first Connacht medal following a 5–11 to 0–6 trouncing of Oran. Kiltormer retained their Galway title in 1991, with <mask> winning a third and final championship medal following a 3–9 to 0–15 defeat of Athenry. He later added a second Connacht medal to his collection following a 2–9 to 1–6 defeat of Four Roads. On 29 March 1992 <mask> lined out with Kiltormer against Birr in the All-Ireland final. A 0–15 to 1–8 victory gave him an All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship medal. Inter-county
<mask> first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Galway under-21 hurling team that reached the All-Ireland decider in 1978.Tipperary provided the opposition on that occasion, however, the game ended in a draw. At the second time of asking Galway emerged victorious by 3–15 to 2–8 and <mask> collected an All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship medal. In 1979 <mask> was appointed captain of the Galway under-21 team. That year his side qualified for the All-Ireland final once again and, for the second consecutive year, Tipperary were the opponents. On this occasion Tipperary made no mistake and defeated <mask>'s team by 2–12 to 1–9. <mask> made his senior championship debut with Galway on 1 July 1979 in a 1–23 to 3–10 defeat of Laois. Galway later shocked four-in-a-row hopefuls Cork in the All-Ireland semi-final and qualified for an All-Ireland final showdown with Kilkenny.In one of the worst All-Ireland finals of the decade, Galway goalkeeper Séamus Shinnors had an absolute nightmare of a game. A 70-yards free by Liam "Chunky" O'Brien after just four minutes dipped, hit off Shinnors and ended up in the Galway net. Galway fought back and went two points up twelve minutes into the second half, however, they failed to score for the rest of the game. Four minutes before the end of the game another long-range free for Kilkenny ended up in the net behind Shinnors. It was a score which summed up the day for <mask>'s side as Kilkenny went on to win by 2–12 to 1–8. In 1980 Galway defeated Kildare and Offaly to reach a second consecutive All-Ireland final. Munster champions Limerick provided the opposition on this occasion and an exciting championship decider followed.Bernie Forde and P. J. Molloy goals for Galway meant that the men from the west led by 2–7 to 1–5 at half-time. Éamonn Cregan single-handedly launched the Limerick counter-attack in the second-half. Over the course of the game he scored 2–7, including an overhead goal and a point in which he showed the ball to <mask> and nonchalantly drove the ball over the bar. It was not enough to stem the tide and Galway went on to win the game by 2–15 to 3–9. It was Galway's first All-Ireland title since 1923, with <mask> picking up a winners' medal and the celebrations surpassed anything ever seen in Croke Park. After missing the 1981 All-Ireland final, <mask> was restored to his usual full-back position by the time Galway reached the decider once again in 1985. Offaly provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final and another tense game ensued.Once again it was Offaly's goal-scoring ability that proved crucial. Pat Cleary scored the first of the day after twenty-five minutes of play and got his second less than half a minute after the restart. Joe Dooley had a goal disallowed halfway through the second-half while a long Joe Cooney effort, which seemed to cross the goal line, was not given. P. J. Molloy was Galway's goal scorer, however, the day belonged to Offaly. A 2–11 to 1–12 score line resulted in defeat for Galway. Galway reached a second successive All-Ireland decider again in 1986. The men from the west were the red-hot favourites against an ageing Cork team, however, on the day a different story unfolded.Four Cork goals, one from John Fenton, two from Tomás Mulcahy and one from Kevin Hennessy, stymied the Galway attack and helped "the Rebels" to a 4–13 to 2–15 victory. In spite of the defeat <mask> was later presented with a first All-Star award. In 1987 <mask> was appointed captain of the Galway team. The year began well when he led the team to their first National Hurling League title in over a decade following a 3–12 to 3–10 defeat of Clare. Later that summer Galway qualified for a third All-Ireland final in-a-row. The prospect of becoming the first team to lose three consecutive championship deciders weighed heavily on the Galway team as Kilkenny provided the opposition. The game was not a classic by any standard and Noel Lane got a key goal for Galway nine minutes before the end.A 1–12 to 0–9 victory gave <mask> a second All-Ireland medal while he also had the honour of accepting the Liam MacCarthy Cup. A second All-Star award quickly followed. In 1988 <mask> was captain of the team for a second year. That year Galway reached a fourth successive All-Ireland final. After more than a decade-and-a-half in the wilderness Tipperary were back providing the opposition in the championship decider. Galway defeated Tipp in the semi-final the previous year, however, with an extra year's experience it was expected that Tipperary might shade the victory. Galway used this to motivate themselves.Noel Lane again scored the crucial goal for Galway while Nicky English sent a late penalty over the bar for a point. A 1–15 to 0–14 score line resulted in victory for Galway and a third All-Ireland medal for <mask>. Another solid performance at full-back resulted in a third successive All-Star award for the Galway captain. In 1989 <mask> was once again captain of the team as Galway went in search of a third All-Ireland title in-a-row. For the third time in as many years Tipperary faced Galway in the All-Ireland series, however, on this occasion the men from the West were controversially without their star player Tony Keady. The game turned out to be a tense and unsavory affair as Tipp finally triumphed over Galway. A 1–17 to 2–11 victory for the Munster men meant that Galway's three-in-a-row dream was over.<mask> played his last game for Galway in an All-Ireland quarter-final defeat of London in 1990. He was listed as a substitute for the subsequent All-Ireland decider against Cork. Shortly after half-time the westerners were up by seven points and were cruising to victory. Cork were a changed team in the second half and secured a 5–15 to 2–21 victory. This defeat brought the curtain down on <mask>'s inter-county career. Inter-provincial
<mask> also lined out with Connacht in the inter-provincial series of games and enjoyed much success. In 1979 <mask> was at centre-back as Connacht reached the inter-provincial decider.A 1–13 to 1–9 defeat by Leinster was the result on that occasion. <mask> was moved to full-back in 1980 as Connacht faced Railway Cup specialists Munster in the decider. A low-scoring game followed, however, a 1–5 to 0–7 victory gave Connacht their first Railway Cup title since 1947. It was <mask>'s first winners' medal in the competition. Connacht reached the Railway Cup final again in 1983. A 0–10 to 1–5 victory gave <mask> his second Railway Cup medal, while the province retained the title for the first time in their history. After defeat to Munster in 1985, both sides renewed their rivalry in the inter-provincial decider again in 1986.A comprehensive 3–11 to 0–11 victory gave <mask> a third Railway Cup medal. In 1987 <mask> was captain of the Connacht team that faced Leinster in the final. A narrow 2–14 to 1–14 victory to Connacht. It was a fourth and final Railway Cup medal for <mask>, while he also had the honour of lifting the cup. Managerial career

Galway
On 11 December 2002, <mask> defeated incumbent Noel Lane, Brendan Lynskey and Gerry Fahy in a vote to become manager of the Galway senior hurling team. His first season in charge in 2003 was fruitless as Galway were out of contention very early for the National League exited the championship without reaching Croke Park. In 2004 <mask> secured his first silverware as manager.A 2–15 to 1–13 defeat of Waterford gave Galway the National Hurling League title. The subsequent championship campaign was once again unkind to Galway, who exited at an early stage. <mask>'s two-year tenure as manager effectively ended following this defeat. A seven-man sub-committee of the Galway County Board later recommended Mattie Murphy for the job, however, Murphy withdrew his candidacy when club delegates voted 27–20 against his ratification as manager. Another candidate failed to emerge and <mask> was re-appointed for another year as manager. Following his reappointment as manager <mask> was under pressure to deliver. An unconvincing league campaign resulted in many expecting little of Galway in the subsequent championship campaign.A surprise 2–20 to 2–18 defeat of Tipperary in the All-Ireland quarter-final set up an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Kilkenny. "The Cats" got off to a great start, however, the young Galway team fought back and exposed a poor defence to produce one of the games of the decade. A 5–18 to 4–18 victory gave Galway a place in the All-Ireland final against Cork. It was their first meeting at this stage of the championship since <mask> was an unused substitute in 1990. Cork's Ben O'Connor scored a goal in the sixteenth minute that gave his team a comfortable lead. <mask> fought back with a Galway goal in the fiftieth minute, reducing Cork's lead to a point. Galway fell flat and didn't score in the last ten minutes as Cork won by 1–21 to 1–16.<mask> was persuaded to stay on as manager for another year, in the hope that his Galway team could go one better and claim the All-Ireland crown. After little success in the National League, <mask>'s side exited the championship following a 2–22 to 3–14 defeat by Kilkenny in the All-Ireland quarter-final. Honours

Player
Kiltormer
All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship (1): 1992
Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship (2): 1990, 1991
Galway Senior Club Hurling Championship (3): 1977, 1990, 1991

Galway
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (3): 1980, 1987 (c), 1988 (c)
National Hurling League (2): 1986–87 (c), 1988–89 (c)

Connacht
Railway Cup (4): 1980, 1983, 1986, 1987 (c)

Manager
Galway
National Hurling League (1): 2004

Individual
Awards
All-Star (3): 1986, 1987, 1988

References

1958 births
Living people
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Connacht inter-provincial hurlers
Galway inter-county hurlers
Glen Rovers hurlers
Hurling managers
Kiltormer hurlers
NUI Galway hurlers

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title: Kurt Koffka

type: original

texts:
<mask> (March 12, 1886 – November 22, 1941) was a German psychologist and professor. He was born and educated in Berlin, Germany; he died in Northampton, Massachusetts from coronary thrombosis. He was influenced by his maternal uncle, a biologist, to pursue science. He had many interests including visual perception, brain damage, sound localization, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology. He worked alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler to develop Gestalt psychology. <mask> had several publications including "The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology" (1924) and "The Principles of Gestalt Psychology" (1935) which elaborated on his research. Personal life
<mask>, born March 18, 1886 in Berlin, Germany, was raised by Luis Levy and <mask>.His mother listed herself as Protestant despite having a Jewish heritage. His father was a lawyer and his younger brother, <mask>, went on to become a judge. In spite of the prevalence of law in his family, <mask> decided to pursue science as he was motivated by his maternal uncle who was a biologist. <mask> married Mira Klein, a participant in his experimental research, in 1909, but they later divorced. In 1923, he married Elisabeth Ahlgrimm who completed her PhD at Giessen, but they divorced in 1926. He remarried Mira until their second divorce in 1928 when he remarried Elisabeth whom he remained married to until his death. <mask> was forced to alter his lifestyle after developing a heart condition called Coronary thrombosis.However, his condition did not hamper his work ethic as his lecturing and scientific projects occupied his time until he died. <mask> died on November 22, 1941, in Northampton, Massachusetts and left many of his projects unfinished. Education
<mask>'s academic career began at the school of Wilhelmsgymnasium where he attended from 1892 to 1903. In 1903, <mask> traveled to Scotland to study at the University of Edinburgh for a year. His time at the University of Edinburgh was crucial as he developed a greater understanding of the English language which was a valuable tool for spreading his message in the future. In 1904, he returned to Berlin where he attended the University of Berlin for three years. He chose to pursue psychology as he believed the subject matter of psychology was best suited towards his interests.While studying at the University of Berlin, <mask> examined his personal colour vision in Willibald Nagel’s physiological laboratory. He was interested in visual perception due to his own red-green blindness, which led him to study color vision and after-images. This work culminated in <mask>'s first publication in 1908 called Untersuchungen an einem protanomalen System. This paper analyzed different properties of colour including contrast as well as the effect of brightness and wavelengths on colour. The figure ground phenomenon was also studied. <mask> completed his dissertation called Experimental-Untersuchungen zur Lehre von Rhythmus securing him his Doctor of Philosophy in 1908. He worked with Carl Stumpf during the pursuit of his doctorate.Career
After receiving his doctorate in 1908, <mask> worked at the University of Würzburg as an assistant to Oswald Külpe who greatly influenced his work. After Kulpe left, <mask> continued to work as an assistant to Karl Marbe. In 1910, <mask> became an assistant to Friedrich Schumann at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt on Main to study the perception of motion, alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler. <mask> considered this period in his life significant to his scientific development. <mask> later became a professor at the University of Giessen. The University of Giessen assigned <mask> the Privatdozent title in 1911 and the ausserordentlicher while working with August Messer. Eighteen articles and six experimental works were completed over the twelve years that <mask> spent at Giessen.<mask> spent time at Professor Sommer's Psychiatric Clinic located in Giessen in the midst of World War I. They focused on subjects diagnosed with brain trauma, but focused on aphasia cases. He also studied the localization of sounds to be of aid to the army and navy. In 1924, <mask> moved to the United States of America and retained a research professor position at Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, beginning in 1927. His priority during this time was work regarding visual perception. In 1932, Uzbekistan was undergoing significant socioeconomic and political changes. It was at this time that <mask> traveled to Uzbekistan to join others in researching the impact of these changes on affected individuals cognition.His work did not result in any publications. However, while in Uzbekistan, an illness, diagnosed as relapsing fever, rendered <mask> very ill but, in spite of his condition, he began to work on his book, "The Principles of Gestalt Psychology", which was published in 1935. Once this book was completed, <mask>'s previous self-limitations were eased as he allowed himself to delve into areas he previously felt were inappropriate for his specialty. This broadened scope was evidenced by his incorporation of psychology in other fields of interest including the arts and ethics. He spent the year 1939-1940 visiting Sir Hugh Cairns at the Nuffield Institute in Oxford. Contributions to psychology

Learning

<mask> believed that most of early learning is what he referred to as, "sensorimotor learning," which is a type of learning which occurs after a consequence. For example, a child who touches a hot stove will learn not to touch it again.<mask> also believed that a lot of learning occurs by imitation, though he argued that it is not necessary to understand how imitation works, but rather to acknowledge that it is a natural occurrence. According to <mask>, the highest type of learning is ideational learning, which makes use of language. <mask> notes that a crucial time in children's development is when they understand that objects have names. Gestalt psychology
<mask> gained his initial interest in Gestalt psychology after participating in Wertheimer's phi phenomenon study. In 1910, <mask> worked alongside Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler at the Psychological Institute in Frankfurt. They focused their research on sensory information and memory, and later became the founding fathers of Gestalt psychology. Max Wertheimer is often credited with developing the idea of Gestalt psychology, but they were influenced by Christian von Ehrenfel's idea that a holistic melody is more than a simple combination of various sounds.This later becomes essential to theories of Gestalt psychology which convey that complete perception is more meaningful than its individual parts put together. The Gestalt Principles were developed to delve into how the human eye perceives visual elements. The principles help to provide ways to understand how complex visual elements can be broken down into simpler parts. The principles also try to demonstrate how the human eye perceives shapes as a single “object” instead of splitting the object into simplified components of the object being seen. Some of the most commonly used principles were proximity, similarity, and continuation. Gestalt principle of proximity discussed that visual elements close to one another will be perceived as a whole. Gestalt principle of similarity establishes that people tend to categorize objects that share the same traits into a group.Gestalt principle of continuity reveals how people perceive lines or curves as a whole if they “touch” one another. <mask> needed to provide empirical evidence for the new theory. To accomplish this, <mask> formulated a three-stage proposition that revolutionized existing assumptions of psychology:

 Perceiving sensory experiences as a combination of individual parts does not align with the actual experience of perception. The school of Gestalt suggests that human sensory experience be viewed as a whole since wholes are more meaningful than the sum of its parts. It is a mistake to correlate a stimulus with sensation because functionality of a stimulus must be paired with factual information. Stimuli should be correlated to factual content of the perceptive field. The previous two premises hold that the relationship between the psyche and physical needs to be reconsidered.In 1922, <mask> published an article called "Perception: An Introduction to the Gestalt-Theorie" in the Psychological Bulletin to introduce Gestalt psychology to the American academics. The article focused on describing how Gestalt psychology studies various perceptual phenomena using different theories from existing ones. After its publication, it led to the criticisms of Gestalt psychology that it was overly focused on perception, and lacked contribution to overall themes of psychology. Aesthetic Gestalt (1940)

In 1940, Kurf <mask> traveled to Philadelphia and attended a conference at Bryn Mawr which brought together many different well-known figures from different fields of study to approach art from different perspectives. At the time, many subjects such as culture, ecology, evolution, emotion, psychology, knowledge, physiology had been treated as their own independent fields with no connection to one another. <mask> attempted to make a multidisciplinary theory of art known as Aesthetic of Gestalt. <mask>'s presentation at the conference advanced the scientific theory of art, but it is a neglected theory that has mostly been forgotten after its publication.The main focus in Aesthetic theory is the appreciation of beauty in art pieces. There are 3 components in the relationship: the self (the spectator), the extraordinary art piece, and the connection between the two. Aesthetic of Gestalt illustrates that the self (the individual) sees that there is an important message when observing the art piece. Koffka Identifies three problems with the aesthetic experience. The first is contingency. While behaviourists believe that art naturally evokes an emotional response, Koffka argued that the previous associations must exist to understand that redness for example means passion. This previous association is a rational and intelligible interaction that draws on a look-up table, not blindly resorting to the look-up table.The second problem is with the empathy-based art theories about aesthetic and how the fact that people put their own emotions onto the art piece is paradoxical. In order for an art piece to be appreciated the self must first recognize the emotion they must attribute to the piece. The third problem is that empathy logic implies that emotions projected by the self onto the art piece are to be felt by others. However, just because the person perceives that red is passionate does not mean they are feeling the same passion themselves. Honours
In 2006, members of the Department of Psychology of Justus Liebig University Giessen founded the <mask>ffka medal to honour scientists who have made extraordinary advances to the fields of perception or developmental psychology. Publications

"Perception: An Introduction to the Gestalt-theorie" (1922)
In 1922, <mask> published an article called "Perception: An Introduction to the Gestalt-Theorie" in the Psychological Bulletin to introduce Gestalt psychology to the American academics. The article focused on how Gestalt psychology describes three main points which are sensation, association and attention with a different scope than other existing theories.Sensation puts forward the idea of the "bundle-hypothesis" which means that the world is made up of elements that come together to create stimuli in our world. The second listed concept of association is acknowledged by <mask> as the primary factor that decides what is coming and going in regards to our ideas. It is association that puts one idea forward over another idea in our train of thought and ties all those separate elemental ideas together. The final point of attention is described as a "scapegoat" by <mask>. If one's attention fails to notice a stimuli then the correlated response to that stimuli will not happen, even though the stimuli is present. After its publication, <mask>'s article led to the criticisms that gestalt psychology it was overly focused on perception, and lacked contribution to overall themes of psychology. The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology (1924)
One of <mask>'s most notable contributions to psychology was his book entitled, “The Growth of the Mind: An Introduction to Child Psychology".The English translation of this book was done by Robert M. Ogden. <mask> had two main goals in writing this book. His first goal was to utilize Gestalt principles to present an innovative view of childhood phenomenon. His second goal was to provide educators with an up to date resource in order to facilitate effective teaching. In this book, <mask> focused on mind development in children and outlined four ways in which development occurs. Firstly, he stated physical movements must become more advanced and precise as children grow older. As infants, we begin with rudimentary motor skills and with development we can engage in more complex physical activities.Secondly, he believed infants must develop their sensory integration skills and learn to become effective perceivers of their environment. Thirdly, <mask> stated that children must utilize their motor and sensory systems as they are dependent on each other to create a coherent whole which is utilized to facilitate appropriate behaviour. Lastly, <mask> thought children must learn to rely on their cognition when acting as opposed to their impulses. The Principles of Gestalt Psychology (1935)
This book addressed applied psychology but mainly focused on the research concerning perception, memory, and learning. <mask> published this book in 1935 and it changed the basic ideas within research involving perception. Veridical perception states that objects people see in the environment will have relatively consistent characteristics such as size, and color. Before this book was published, researchers had assumed that there was no need to explain the features of veridical perception.<mask> rejected the idea that researchers should only focus on illusions within people's perception, because he thought it was always necessary to understand why people perceive objects the way that they do. This book approaches the topic of veridical perception in a phenomenological and holistic manner that supported the Gestalt Principles as well as other research that supported the Gestalt orientation. This work also explored the notion of behavioural environments. A person's behaviour can result from one's own behavioural environment or another person's behavioural environment. This means that someone can see and understand their actions one way and another person could see the same actions and understand them completely differently. Psychologists need to be mindful to view an individual's behaviour from the other individual's behavioural environment rather than their own. References

External links

 Gestalt psychology website of the international Society for Gestalt Theory and its Applications - GTA
 Website on Gestalt psychology with biographies of Wertheimer et al.Confounds Gestalt psychology, Applies Gestalt principles to child development
 <mask>, <mask>. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 1968. 1886 births
1941 deaths
People educated at the Wilhelmsgymnasium (Munich)
German people of Jewish descent
German psychologists
Gestalt psychologists
Cornell University staff
University of Wisconsin–Madison staff
Smith College faculty
20th-century psychologists
German emigrants to the United States

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title: Matt Diskin

texts:
<mask> (27 January 1982) an English professional rugby league coach was the head coach of Oldham in the Betfred Championship, and a former professional rugby league footballer who played as a  in the 2000s and 2010s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for the Leeds Rhinos and Bradford Bulls and coached at club level for the Bradford Bulls and Batley Bulldogs. <mask> played for the Leeds Rhinos for 10-years, and won four Super League championships with the club in 2004 (Super League IX), 2007 (Super League XII), 2008 (Super League XIII), and 2009 (Super League XIV), before moving to Bradford Bulls for the 2011 season, he remained with the Bradford Bulls until the end of his playing career in 2014.the head coach of the Batley Bulldogs in the Betfred Championship

Background
<mask> was born in Dewsbury, West Yorkshire, England. Playing career
<mask> is a product of amateur rugby league club Dewsbury Moor ARLFC and growing up he attended St. John Fisher High School in Dewsbury, as did Francis Cummins and Ryan Sheridan. Leeds Rhinos
<mask> made his début first-team appearance for Leeds Rhinos in 2001 against Castleford Tigers. He played for the Leeds Rhinos at  and scored a try in their 2004 Super League Grand Final victory against the Bradford Bulls, and was man of the match. He was selected to represent Great Britain in the 2004 Tri-nations tournament.<mask> played for Leeds in the 2005 Challenge Cup Final at  in their loss against Hull FC. He played for the Leeds Rhinos from the interchange bench in their 2005 Super League Grand Final loss against Bradford Bulls. He played in the 2008 Super League Grand Final victory over St. Helens. He played in the 2009 Super League Grand Final victory over St. Helens at Old Trafford, scoring a try in the record-breaking third consecutive Grand Final victory over St Helens. 2010 saw <mask> celebrate his testimonial year at Leeds after 10 years of service to the most successful club of recent years. <mask> had been instrumental in all of Leeds' championship winning campaigns. He played in the 2010 Challenge Cup Final defeat by the Warrington Wolves at Wembley Stadium.On 19 October 2010, it was announced that <mask> had agreed a move to Bradford Bulls on a three-year contract, and is expected to push for the starting  position in the Bradford Bulls line-up. Bradford Bulls
<mask> appeared in two of 2011's four pre-season games. He played against Dewsbury Rams and Wakefield Trinity Wildcats. <mask> featured in 23 consecutive games from Round 1 (Leeds Rhinos) to Round 23 (Warrington Wolves). He also appeared in the Challenge Cup game against Wigan Warriors. He scored against Leeds Rhinos, Crusaders and Harlequins RL. A shoulder injury kept him out for the rest of the season.<mask> and Heath L'Estrange were appointed joint captains for the 2012 season. <mask> featured in two of the four pre-season games. He played against Dewsbury Rams and Hull FC. <mask> featured in 15 consecutive games from Round 1 (Catalans Dragons) to Round 15 (Leeds Rhinos). <mask> missed Rounds 16–23 due to injury. <mask> returned for Round 24 (Hull Kingston Rovers) to Round 27 (Catalans Dragons). He also featured in the Challenge Cup against Doncaster and Warrington Wolves.<mask> scored tries against Warrington Wolves (1 try), Hull Kingston Rovers (1 try), Doncaster (2 tries), Leeds Rhinos (1 try) and Huddersfield Giants (1 try). <mask> featured in 2013's pre-season friendlies against Dewsbury Rams and Leeds Rhinos. He scored against Dewsbury Rams (1 try). He featured in four consecutive games from Round 1 (Wakefield Trinity Wildcats) to Round 4 (St. Helens). He missed Round 5 due to injury. He returned for Round 6 (Widnes Vikings) but was ill for Round 7. <mask> returned for Round 8 (Catalans Dragons) to Round 9 (Leeds Rhinos).He missed Round 10 due to an injury. <mask> featured in Round 11 (London Broncos) to Round 16 (Huddersfield Giants). He returned to the team for Round 18 (St. Helens) to Round 27 (Huddersfield Giants). <mask> also appeared in the Challenge Cup against London Broncos. <mask> scored against Widnes Vikings (1 try), Salford City Reds (1 try) and Hull F.C. (1 try). <mask> signed a 1 Year Extension to his contract midway through the season.<mask> missed the pre-season friendlies against Hull FC and Dewsbury Rams due to injury. However he did feature in the friendly against Castleford Tigers. He featured in Round 1 (Castleford Tigers) to Round 6 (Hull Kingston Rovers). <mask> next featured in Round 8 (Salford Red Devils) then in Round 11 (Warrington Wolves) to Round 13 (Huddersfield Giants). He also played in Round 15 (Wakefield Trinity Wildcats) to Round 19 (Catalans Dragons). <mask> featured in Round 5 (Catalans Dragons) to the quarter-final (Warrington Wolves) in the Challenge Cup. He scored against Hull F.C.(1 try). Coaching career

Bradford Bulls
<mask> was put in temporary charge of the Bradford Bulls on 16 June 2014 as a player coach. It was the day following the sacking of head coach Francis Cummins, and assistant Lee St Hilaire. <mask> took charge of Bulls home match against Hull Kingston Rovers where they lost 44–18 the Tuesday after James Lowes was announced as the Bradford Bulls new head coach. At the end of the 2014 season, <mask> announced his retirement. Batley Bulldogs
In April 2016 it was announced <mask> was to take over at Batley Bulldogs from 2017 after John Kear announced he would be joining Wakefield Trinity Wildcats as director of rugby in 2017. Oldham
On 10 October 2019 <mask> was appointed as Head Coach

On 29 Jun 2021, Oldham sacked him after 9 defeats in the last 10 games with assistant-coach Brendan Sheridan taking over training.Stats
(For 2014 Super League season highlights, stats and results click on 2014 Super League season results)

References

External links
(archived by web.archive.org) Leeds Rhinos profile

1982 births
Living people
Batley Bulldogs coaches
Bradford Bulls captains
Bradford Bulls coaches
Bradford Bulls players
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Leeds Rhinos players
Oldham R.L.F.C. coaches
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Dewsbury
Yorkshire rugby league team players

masks:
Matt Diskin
Diskin
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Diskin
Diskin
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Diskin
Matt
Matt
Diskin
Matt
Diskin
Diskin
Diskin
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Diskin
Matt
Diskin
Diskin
Diskin
Matt
Matt Diskin
Diskin
Diskin
Diskin
Diskin


title: Lisa Warrington

texts:
<mask> (born 1952) is a New Zealand theatre studies academic, director, actor and author. She has directed more than 130 productions, and established the Theatre Aotearoa database. In 2014 she was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award in the Dunedin Theatre Awards, and was three times winner of a New Zealand Listener Best Director award, including one for Tom Scott's The Daylight Atheist. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1952, and spent much of her early life in England, Nigeria, and Australia. She is of English and Polish descent, her parents Jozef and Patricia (née McLean) having changed their surname to <mask> from Wawrzynczak. Her sister is Australian actress, songwriter and author <mask> (b. 1957); her brother Jan was a Multicultural Arts Officer and lighting designer based in Canberra (d. 2008).<mask> obtained a BA (Hons) from the University of Tasmania in 1973, with a thesis titled Dunbar, the concise artist: a study of aspects of language, structure and imagery in his poetry. In 1981 she followed this with an MA, also at the University of Tasmania, titled Allan Wilkie in Australia: the work of a Shakespearean actor-manager. Career
<mask> taught at the University of Tasmania before being appointed as the William Evans Lecturer at the University of Otago in 1981. She initially had 30 students and was the University's only drama lecturer, with only three others in the entire country. In 1990, she led the introduction of a directing programme to the University of Otago's Theatre Studies programme. From 2011 she was appointed as Associate Professor there. <mask> is also responsible for the front door of the Allen Hall Theatre being painted red.Many of Warrington's academic publications deal with indigenous theatre in Aotearoa New Zealand, particularly Māori as well as Pasifika practitioners and productions. With David O'Donnell, <mask> wrote Floating Islanders: Pasifika Theatre in Aotearoa, a book based on interviews with practitioners over the course of seven years that, among other things, catalogues Pasifika theatre from 1984 to 2014. The book's title comes from an interview with Samoan playwright and filmmaker Makerita Urale. <mask>, a co-founder of Wow! Productions, directed more than 35 productions at Dunedin's Fortune Theatre, and was Acting Artistic Director of the Fortune for the latter part of 1985. She was then Associate Director of the Fortune from 1985 to 1991. She has directed more than 130 productions in total, including many for Wow!Productions. <mask> retired from the University of Otago on 30 June 2018, after 37 years of teaching, although she continues to work freelance and to maintain the Theatre Aotearoa database. <mask> began the database in 2004, and as of July 2021 it contained details on 17,156 New Zealand theatre productions in New Zealand and overseas. Her goal for the database is for it to cover all theatre productions in New Zealand from 1840 onwards. Selected productions

 Directions, directed by <mask> and Rawiri Paratene, written by Paratene, Fortune Theatre, 1981. This was the Fortune Theatre's inaugural Youth Theatre Workshop. The Cherry Orchard, directed by <mask>, with a cast consisting of Toi Whakaari: New Zealand Drama School students, including Cliff Curtis and Michael Galvin.When I was a girl, I used to scream and shout, by Sharman Macdonald, directed by <mask>. Circa Theatre, Wellington, 20 January 1989
Nga Puke, by John Broughton, directed by <mask>, part of Te Rakau Hua o te Wao Tapu: Contemporary Māori performing arts, at Depot Theatre, Wellington, Feb–April 1990
Kaz: A Working Girl by Leah Poulter (Premiere. Fortune Theatre, Theatre Corporate Auckland and National Library Wellington, 1990). Starring Miranda Harcourt. Arcadia by Tom Stoppard, at the Dunedin Public Art Gallery in 1998
Bruised, by Richard Huber, directed by <mask>, presented by GetON Productions and Allen Hall Theatre. Acted by Edwin Wright. BATS Theatre, Wellington, 3–14 April; Silo Theatre, Auckland, 19–27 April 2001
Lines of Fire by Gary Henderson, script commissioned by Wow!Productions, performed at the Dunedin Railway Station in 2006. <mask> later wrote about the staging of the play. Four Flat Whites in Italy, by Roger Hall, at the Fortune Theatre, 2009. As You Like It, directed by <mask>, by Toi Whakaari: NZ Drama School third year students, at Basement Theatre, Te Whaea, Wellington, June 2014
Farley's Arcade (2015), a site specific historical promenade theatre event, at the Athenaeum, co-created with Richard Huber, Rua McCallum, Gareth McMillan, Martyn Roberts, and co-directed, Wow! Productions. The End of the Golden Weather by Bruce Mason, featuring Matt Wilson, at Macandrew Bay Hall, Port Chalmers Library, Pioneer Women’s Hall, Oamaru Grainstore Gallery, and other locations in Mosgiel, Waitati and Dunedin, 2020. Reviewer Terry MacTavish said "One of the country’s leading directors, <mask>, shows her customary finesse... ...[a] luminous, compassionate production."Selected publications

 (Second edition, updated, published in 2012)

Awards

<mask> was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Dunedin Theatre Awards in 2014. The same year she was awarded a New Zealand Theatre Services honour medal. <mask> has been created a Life Member of the Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama and Performance Studies. She received a New Zealand Listener Best Director award three times:

 2007 for The Road To Mecca
 2005 for Auntie and Me
 2004 for The Daylight Atheist and Cherish
2018 Rob Jordan Book Prize, awarded by the Australasian Association for Theatre, Drama and Performance Studies, for Floating Islanders (joint award with David O'Donnell). See also

References

External links

  Warrington's Google Scholar profile
  Theatre Aotearoa database

University of Tasmania alumni
University of Otago faculty
New Zealand theatre directors
Living people
New Zealand women academics
1952 births
New Zealand people of Polish descent
New Zealand people of English descent
Shakespearean scholars

masks:
Lisa Jadwiga Valentina Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Carmen Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Lisa Warrington
Lisa Warrington
Lisa Warrington
Lisa Warrington
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Lisa Warrington
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title: Ian Hislop

texts:
<mask> (born 13 July 1960) is a British journalist, satirist, writer, broadcaster, and editor of the magazine Private Eye. He has appeared on many radio and television programmes and has been a team captain on the BBC quiz show Have I Got News for You since the programme's inception in 1990. Family and personal life

<mask> was born on 13 July 1960 in Mumbles, Swansea, to a Scottish father, <mask>, from Ayrshire, and a Channel Islander mother born in Jersey, <mask> (née Beddows), who left for Wales in her late teens. Hislop did not know his grandparents. His paternal grandfather, <mask>, died just before he was born. His maternal grandfather, William Beddows, was originally from Lancashire. When he was five months old, <mask>'s family began to travel around the world because of his father's job as a civil engineer.During his infant years, <mask> lived in Nigeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Hong Kong. While in Saudi Arabia, <mask> has said he potentially went to school with Osama Bin Laden. When <mask> was 12 years old his father died; his mother died when he was 32. On his return to Britain he was educated at Ardingly College, an independent boarding school, where he became head boy, and began his satirical career directing and appearing in revues alongside Nick Newman. <mask>'s and Newman's association continued when they attended Oxford University together; later they worked together at Private Eye and on a number of comedy scriptwriting jobs. Hislop applied to read philosophy, politics and economics at Oxford, but changed to English literature before arriving at Magdalen College. His Oxford tutors included Bernard O'Donoghue, John Fuller and David Norbrook.While at university, <mask> was actively involved in student journalism; he relaunched and edited the satirical magazine Passing Wind. He graduated with a 2:1 in 1981. <mask> is married to Victoria; they have two children, Emily and Will. They live in Sissinghurst in Kent. <mask>'s wife has a career as an author, and in 2010 <mask> played a small role in the Greek television series The Island, which was based on his wife's bestselling novel. The series premiered on 11 October 2010 on Greece's Mega television channel. His son, <mask>, is an actor, writer and stand-up comedian.Career

Private Eye
At Oxford, <mask> revived and edited the magazine Passing Wind, for which he interviewed Richard Ingrams, who was then editor of Private Eye, and Peter Cook, then the majority shareholder. <mask>'s first article appeared in 1980 before he sat his university finals. A parody of The Observer magazine's "Room of My Own" feature, it described an IRA prisoner on the dirty protest decorating his cell in "fetching brown". <mask> joined the publication immediately after leaving Oxford, and became editor in 1986 following Ingrams's departure. This met opposition from Eye journalists Peter McKay and Nigel Dempster, who attempted a revolt against <mask> with the former taking Peter Cook out for lunch in an attempt to dissuade him from appointing <mask>. Cook, reportedly drunk after the lunch, instead announced <mask> was "welcome aboard". The new editor, dismissive of society gossip, sacked both McKay and Dempster from the magazine without hesitation.As editor of Private Eye, <mask> is reputedly the most sued man in English legal history, although he is not involved in as many libel actions as he once was. A libel case was brought against Private Eye and Hislop in 1986 by the publisher Robert Maxwell after the magazine accused him of funding Labour leader Neil Kinnock's travel expenses as a means of gaining a peerage. After the case <mask> quipped: "I've just given a fat cheque to a fat Czech". After his death in 1991, Maxwell was revealed to be an extensive fraudster, illegally drawing on his companies' pension funds; his last writ for libel against the Eye and Hislop was about this "malicious" and "mendacious" claim. Another libel case in May 1989 threatened the magazine's existence when it was ordered to pay £600,000 in damages following an action for libel by Sonia Sutcliffe, wife of the Yorkshire Ripper, Peter Sutcliffe. <mask> told reporters waiting outside the High Court: "If that's justice, then I'm a banana." The award was dropped to £60,000 on appeal.In an interview with Third Way Magazine in 1995 he explained his intentions in his work: "Satire is the bringing to ridicule of vice, folly and humbug. All the negatives imply a set of positives. Certainly in this country, you only go round saying, 'That's wrong, that's corrupt' if you have some feeling that it should be better than that. People say, 'You satirists attack everything.' Well, we don't, actually. That's the whole point." In April 2017, <mask> won the London Press Club's print journalist of the year award; in his acceptance speech he said that Private Eye obtaining its best ABC sales figures since the magazine's launch 55 years earlier proved that "journalism is A, worth doing, and B, worth paying for both in terms of paying journalists and the public paying up for it".In January 2022, <mask> alongside fellow Eye journalists  Richard Brooks and Solomon Hughes presented evidence on MPs' conduct to the House of Commons' Standards Committee. Bibliography

<mask> is credited as the author of the recent Private Eye annuals. The Wipers Times (2016) a play based on the WWI newspaper by <mask> and Nick Newman. A Bunch of Amateurs (2017) by <mask> and Nick Newman. I object: <mask>'s search for dissent (2018) by <mask> and Tom Hockenhull. Trial by Laughter (2018) a play on the trials of William Hone by <mask> and Nick Newman, originally broadcast in 2017 on BBC Radio 4. Television and radio work
<mask>'s television debut was on the short-lived Channel 4 chat show Loose Talk in 1983, an experience he disliked so much that he included it on his list of most hated items when he first appeared on the BBC show Room 101.<mask>, usually in partnership with Nick Newman, was a scriptwriter on the 1980s political satire series Spitting Image, in which puppets were used to depict well-known figures, mostly politicians. He even had a puppet of himself, which sometimes appeared as a background character in sketches. <mask> has been a team captain on Have I Got News for You since it began airing in 1990. He is the only person to have appeared in every episode of its run, even filming an episode in the seventh series in spite of suffering from appendicitis (he had discharged himself from hospital immediately before the show). With regular writing partner Nick Newman, <mask> wrote the BBC Radio 4 series Gush, a satire based on the first Gulf War, in the style of Jeffrey Archer. With Newman he also wrote the family-friendly satirical sitcom My Dad's the Prime Minister and in the early nineties for the Dawn French vehicle Murder Most Horrid. <mask> and Newman wrote the Radio 4 series The News at Bedtime, a satire on fairy tales which aired over the 2009 Christmas season.The series starred Jack Dee as 'John Tweedledum' and Peter Capaldi as 'Jim Tweedledee'; the two present the "news of the day" in the world of fairy tales, while arguing with each other as did their namesakes. <mask> has presented serious television programmes. These include School Rules, a three-part Channel 4 study on the history of British education; an edition of the BBC's Who Do You Think You Are?, in which he attempted to trace his ancestry, and Not Forgotten, a four-part series on Channel 4 detailing the impact on British society of the First World War. A further programme, Not Forgotten: Shot at Dawn, was broadcast in January 2007, and a sixth episode, Not Forgotten: The Men Who Wouldn't Fight, featuring the stories of conscientious objectors such as Ronald Skirth, was aired on 10 November 2008. He also presented one episode of the BBC's Great Railway Journeys, in which he travelled in India ("India East to West" from Calcutta to Rajasthan). In May 2007 he presented a programme on BBC Four, <mask>'s Scouting for Boys, celebrating Robert Baden-Powell's book which inspired the Scout movement. (He is also an Ambassador for The Scout Association.)He has also written and presented factual programmes for Radio 4 about such subjects as tax rebellions, female hymn composers, scouting and patron saints of Britain and Ireland. In 2007 he became the only person to make a second guest appearance on Room 101. He has also been a screenwriter for comedian Harry Enfield. Hislop has presented several programmes for BBC 4, dealing with topics such as the Beeching Axe and the role of the Poet Laureate. The former, <mask> Goes off the Rails, about the Beeching Report and its impact on the British railway network, was first aired on 2 October 2008, and achieved the second-highest audience to date for any BBC Four programme (and the highest for a documentary) with 1.3 million viewers. The latter, <mask>'s Changing of the Bard, launched the May 2009 BBC 4 Poetry season, and <mask> recounted the history of the post from the first official holder, John Dryden, to the then recently announced first female, first Scot and first openly bisexual laureate, Carol Ann Duffy. His series on Victorian social reformers, <mask>'s Age of the Do-Gooders, aired on BBC Two beginning on 29 November 2010.His programme on the history of banks, When Bankers were Good, first aired on BBC Two in November 2011, and dealt with famous bankers from history, such as the Rothschilds, the Gurneys and the Lloyds, as well as 19th-century philanthropists and reformers such as Charles Dickens and Elizabeth Fry. He has also appeared on Question Time. In one edition he made an open attack on Jeffrey Archer, who had been imprisoned for perjury, when his wife, Mary Archer, was a fellow panellist. She was noticeably angry that the matter had been raised. In 2003 he was listed in The Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy. In 2004, Question Time'''s 25th anniversary celebrations included a vote in which viewers chose the confrontation as the best moment in the programme's history; it won 51% of the votes, double the number for the second-placed entry. In another episode he criticised the premise of capital punishment, something which had been advocated by a Conservative panel member Priti Patel, and more recently has discussed Britain's vote to leave the European Union.<mask>'s Stiff Upper Lip - An Emotional History of Britain, about how a meme for repression of emotions spread through British culture, began on 2 October 2012 and ran for three episodes on BBC Two.Beginning on 9 April 2014, <mask> presented a three-part BBC Two series <mask>'s Olden Days. In 2016, he presented The Secret of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, the personal and creative story behind the symphony. Later in the same year, <mask> gave the prestigious George Orwell Lecture at London's UCL. <mask> has also curated an exhibition for the British Museum, called I Object: <mask>'s Search for Dissent, which was presented from 6 September 2018 to 20 January 2019. As the editor of Private Eye, <mask> has received an award for Outstanding Contribution to British Media at the Campaign British Media Awards 2019. <mask> has also been recognised for his broadcasting career, having produced TV and radio documentaries on immigration and the First World War. Religious views
In Caroline Chartres's book Why I Am Still an Anglican, <mask> opens his chapter by saying "I've tried atheism and I can't stick at it: I keep having doubts.That probably sums up my position." In 1996, <mask> presented an award-winning documentary series for Channel 4 about the history of the Church of England, called Canterbury Tales. His other works include the four-part BBC Radio 4 series The Real Patron Saints. On 4 September 2009, <mask> appeared at "The Gathering", organised by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams, at Canterbury Cathedral to discuss religion, society and journalism, among other issues, in front of an audience of about 1,000. Political views
<mask> has been highly critical of all major British political parties for over 20 years. Appearing on Question Time on 18 September 2008, he praised Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesman Vince Cable for his analysis of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, and apparently expressed support for the Liberal Democrats, jocularly stating "I'm standing for them." In a 2009 "Five minutes with" interview with Matthew Stadlen for BBC News, <mask> stated that if he were required, "at the point of a gun", to stand in an election for any British political party, he would stand for the fictional "Vince Cable for Treasurer Party".After the formation of the coalition government in 2010, <mask> remarked in an interview, "I like the idea of this coalition neutralising the loonies on both sides". He has also been highly critical of the leadership of the European Union, calling for a referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe in a 2003 recording of Have I Got News for You. However, referring to Britain's vote to leave the European Union, <mask> said on Question Time that "after an election or a referendum, even if you lose the vote, you are entitled to go on making the argument". A joke on the front of Private Eye titled "BREXIT LATEST" mocking the reaction to Brexit received "fifty or so" letters of complaint in the next issue. <mask> mocked this, saying that "There was one [letter] from a vicar, too, who told me that it was time to accept the victory of the majority of the people and to stop complaining. ... I wrote back and told him that this argument was a bit much, coming from a church that had begun with a minority of 12".He has expressed dismay over the level of public debate in the aftermath of Britain's vote to leave the EU and the election of Donald Trump, describing it as Orwellian in nature, saying that "one is unsure whether to feel relieved at the sense of déjà vu or worried about the possibility of history repeating itself, not as farce, but as tragedy again." In 2019, an outtake from Have I Got News for You went viral, featuring <mask> saying that he would like to see Boris Johnson "have a fair trial, with a desirable result of him being in prison forever". The comment was made in response of the High Court's ruling that Johnson would not have to face a criminal prosecution for claims he made during the EU referendum. References

External links

 Debrett's People of Today
 <mask> at the British Film Institute

 <mask> interview (Evening Standard, archived using the Wayback Machine)
 "There's no place like Gnome". Profile by Nick Greenslade. The Observer. 22 October 2006.<mask> interviewed by Ciar Byrne for The Independent, celebrating his 20th year as editor of Private Eye. "<mask>: satirist in chief". Stephen Moss. The Guardian''. 23 September 2011. Hislop/<mask>cci : Trump, Blair, Stalin and post-truth satire published by the British Museum

1960 births
Living people
People educated at Ardingly College
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
British comedy writers
British critics
British magazine editors
British male journalists
British satirists
British Anglicans
British people of Scottish descent
People from Sissinghurst
People from Swansea
Private Eye contributors
British people of Jersey descent

masks:
Ian David Hislop
Hislop
David Hislop
Helen Rosemarie Hislop
David Murdoch Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Will Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Ian Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Ian Hislop
Hislop
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Hislop
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Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
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Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
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Ian Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Ian Hislop
Hislop
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Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
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Hislop
Hislop
Hislop
Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
Ian Hislop
Iannu


title: Ian Allen (gridiron football)

texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1978) is a former American football offensive lineman. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants, the Philadelphia Eagles, the Arizona Cardinals, the Atlanta Falcons, and the Kansas City Chiefs. He also played in NFL Europe with the Scottish Claymores and in the Canadian Football League (CFL) with the Montreal Alouettes. He attended college at Purdue University, where he earned a communications degree and played for the Purdue Boilermakers. After his professional football career ended, <mask> started careers in music, broadcasting, and business. He started Nova 53 Records, a recording company, under which he released the album "Nova's Lounge". He appeared as a game-day football analyst on several television stations.After earning a Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree, <mask> worked for a variety of companies in business roles. Early career

<mask> played high school football at Westlake High School in Atlanta, Georgia as both an offensive and defensive lineman. As a junior in 1994, <mask> was selected to the All-South Fulton team for his role as the "best blocker" on the offensive line of Westlake. He earned an honorable mention for the All-State team as a defensive lineman the following year. <mask> was recruited by Georgia and Georgia Tech, but he declined both offers in favor of "play[ing] for an underdog". After offering a verbal commitment to play for the Vanderbilt Commodores as a defensive lineman, <mask> instead signed with Purdue, where he played as a right guard. Playing under head coach Joe Tiller and blocking for quarterback Drew Brees, <mask> was a member of the 2000 team that won a Big Ten Conference championship and competed in the Rose Bowl against the Washington Huskies.He played in 47 games for the Boilermakers, including four starts. Professional career

Kansas City Chiefs

<mask> was eligible for the 2001 NFL Draft but went undrafted. He was later signed as a free agent to the Kansas City Chiefs, who released him prior to the start of the 2001 regular season. After being waived by the Chiefs, <mask> intended to leave football behind, but he accepted a spot on the practice squad of the Atlanta Falcons in January 2002. Later that month, the Chiefs signed <mask> to a three-year contract. During the offseason, <mask> was sent to play for the Scottish Claymores of NFL Europe to gain experience. After his father had a stroke, <mask> was forced to leave the Claymores and return to the United States.He participated in training camp and the preseason with the Chiefs but was waived shortly before the start of the regular season. New York Giants

Shortly after <mask> was released by the Chiefs, the New York Giants signed <mask> to their practice squad. The Giants signed <mask> to the active roster in early October 2002 following a series of injuries to their offensive linemen. <mask> was active as a backup offensive lineman for the remainder of the regular season, but he never played a down on the offensive line. In a mid-October game against the Atlanta Falcons, <mask> was forced into action as a defensive lineman on goal-line plays when multiple starting linemen were injured. Speaking about the situation, defensive line coach Denny Marcin stated "I told <mask>, 'You line up on the right side and go straight ahead.' I just needed a body."<mask> was active for the Giants' loss to the San Francisco 49ers in the wild card playoff round. Before the 2003 season, both Jason Whittle and Mike Rosenthal left the Giants via free agency, leaving two starting positions open on the offensive line. By the start of the Giants' pre-season minicamp, <mask> was considered the favorite to start at right tackle, but he remained in competition with four other players for the two starting roles. The newly constructed right side of the offensive line played poorly in the first preseason game against the New England Patriots, but <mask> showed enough improvement the following week against the Carolina Panthers to be named the starter going into the regular season. In a Sports Illustrated article published before the start of the regular season, NFL scouts sharply criticized <mask>'s play, with one anonymous scout calling him "awful" and another saying "I can't believe he might start." Both head coach Jim Fassel and offensive line coach Jim McNally were critical of <mask>'s play in the season opener, where a missed block led to a forced fumble from quarterback Kerry Collins. Center Chris Bober started in place of <mask> at right tackle the following week.Following a season-ending injury to left guard Rich Seubert, Bober was moved back to center and <mask> returned as the starting right tackle. In his second stint as a starter, <mask>'s performance was praised by coaches and the media, including after a game against the New York Jets which saw NFL sack leader Shaun Ellis held to half a sack. The offensive line's performance was "far from overwhelming" in the second half of the season, but they benefited from more consistency in their lineup as <mask> continued to start at right tackle. The Giants ended their season with a 4–12 record and did not make the playoffs. <mask> started in 11 games at right tackle in 2003. <mask> played as the starter at right tackle in each of the Giants' three minicamps prior to the 2004 preseason, but incoming head coach Tom Coughlin moved right guard David Diehl to the right tackle position before the first preseason game. <mask> was originally designated the primary backup at left and right tackle going into the 2004 season, but he was released after the Giants signed Marques Sullivan off waivers.Late career

In the week after being released by the New York Giants, <mask> was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles for the 2004 season. He acted as a backup throughout the season, playing in only four games. The Eagles lost to the New England Patriots 21–24 in Super Bowl XXXIX, where <mask> was among the inactive players. In April 2005, <mask> was signed by the Arizona Cardinals. He participated in training camp and remained on the team through the preseason. <mask> was released in early September before the beginning of the regular season but later returned to the team. The Cardinals placed <mask> on injured reserve in mid-October.<mask> signed with the Kansas City Chiefs for the third time in 2006, but he again didn't make their final roster. <mask> was signed to the developmental roster of the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League in July 2006, and he played six games with them that season. Following his debut game, <mask> was fined $300 due to an incident that involved BC Lions linebacker Carl Kidd punching <mask> twice in the face. In May 2007, <mask> announced his retirement to pursue his music career. Music career

As a freshman in high school, <mask> played the tenor saxophone in the marching band before joining the football team. He also plays the drums and keyboard. He continued to pursue music on the side throughout his football career, maintaining a "mini-studio" in his home even while starting at right tackle for the New York Giants.After being cut by the Kansas City Chiefs for the final time, <mask> contacted Alouettes head coach and general manager Jim Popp about playing for the Alouettes due to the presence of a large music scene in Montreal. During his year with the Alouettes, <mask> worked on a jazz album titled "Nova's Lounge" with his company Nova 53 Records. The album was released on November 24, 2006 in Canada, with <mask> credited as producer and composer. <mask> retired before the 2007 CFL season to pursue his music career. Post-retirement

Broadcasting

<mask> worked for the NFL Network, Sky Sports NFL, and the Big Ten Network as a game-day analyst in the years following his retirement from football. He also co-hosted the radio broadcast Inside the Trenches with former NFL defensive linemen R-Kal Truluck and Lance Legree. Inside the Trenches aimed to provide the perspective of offensive and defensive linemen while discussing professional football.Ipswich Cardinals

In March 2008, <mask> completed a deal to co-own the Ipswich Cardinals of the BAFA National Leagues in the United Kingdom. <mask> did not invest money into the club to receive an ownership stake, but he became involved in promotion and advertising. Business career

<mask> attended an entrepreneurship program at Northwestern University which prompted him to continue his schooling at the Krannert School of Management at Purdue. He enrolled in an MBA program and graduated in 2012. He later worked for General Motors and Xerox. As of February 2017, <mask> works for Target in Minneapolis. References

1978 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Canadian football offensive linemen
Kansas City Chiefs players
Atlanta Falcons players
Arizona Cardinals players
Montreal Alouettes players
New York Giants players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Scottish Claymores players
Players of American football from Atlanta
Players of Canadian football from Atlanta
Players of American football from Newark, New Jersey

masks:
Ian Ramon Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Ian
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen


title: ZaSu Pitts

texts:
<mask> (; January 3, 1894 – June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas, including Erich von Stroheim's epic 1924 silent film Greed, and comedies, transitioning successfully to mostly comedy films with the advent of sound films. She also appeared on numerous radio shows. Her career as an entertainer spanned nearly 50 years, and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Early life
<mask> was born in Parsons, Kansas, to Rulandus and Nelly (née Shay) <mask>; she was the third of four children. Her father, who had lost a leg while serving in the 76th New York Infantry in the Civil War, had settled the family in Kansas by the time ZaSu was born. The names of her father's sisters, Eliza and Susan, were purportedly the basis for the name "ZaSu", i.e., to satisfy competing family interests. It has been (incorrectly) spelled as Zazu Pitts in some film credits and news articles.Although the name is commonly mispronounced   or  , or  , in her 1963 book Candy Hits (pg. 15), published the year of her death, the actress gave the correct pronunciation as "Say Zoo" , recounting that Mary Pickford had predicted "many will mispronounce it", and adding, "How right she was." However, when introducing herself on the September 4, 1952 episode of I've Got a Secret, she herself pronounced it as Zay-zoo. In 1903, when Pitts was nine years old, her family moved to Santa Cruz, California, to seek a warmer climate and better job opportunities. Her childhood home at 208 Lincoln Street still stands. She attended Santa Cruz High School, where she participated in school theatricals. Career

Pitts made her stage debut in 1914–15 doing school and local community theater in Santa Cruz.Going to Los Angeles in 1916, at the age of 22, she spent many months seeking work as a film extra. Finally, she was discovered for substantive roles in films by screenwriter Frances Marion, who cast Pitts as an orphaned slavey (child of work) in the silent film A Little Princess (1917), starring Pickford. Pitts's popularity grew following a series of Universal one-reeler comedies, and earned her first feature-length lead in King Vidor's Better Times (1919). The following year she married her first husband, Tom Gallery, with whom she was paired in several films, including Heart of Twenty (1920), Bright Eyes, Patsy (both 1921) and A Daughter of Luxury (1922). Pitts enjoyed her greatest fame in the early 1930s, often starring in B movies and comedy short films, teamed with Thelma Todd. She played secondary parts in many films. Her stock persona (a fretful, flustered, worried spinster) made her instantly recognizable and was often imitated in cartoons and other films.She starred in a number of Hal Roach short films and features, often in partnership with Thelma Todd as two trouble-prone working girls. At Universal she co-starred in a series of feature-length comedies with Slim Summerville. Switching between comedy short films and features, by the advent of sound, she became a specialist in comedy roles. Dramatic potential
<mask> <mask> had hidden talents as a dramatic actress. She was given the greatest tragic role of her career in Erich von Stroheim's -hour epic Greed (1924). The surprise casting initially shocked Hollywood, but showed that Pitts could draw tears with her doleful demeanor, as well as laughs. Having been extensively edited prior to release — the final theatrical cut ran just over two hours — the movie failed initially at the box office, but has since been restored to over four hours and is considered one of the greatest films ever made.Based on her performance, von Stroheim labeled <mask> <mask> "the greatest dramatic actress." He also featured her in his films The Honeymoon (1928), The Wedding March (1928), and Walking Down Broadway. <mask>'s performance in Walking Down Broadway was dramatic, with her character showing a repressed romantic interest in her girlfriend; the studio reshot these scenes with Pitts, now playing the girl's companion for laughs, and von Stroheim's directorial credit was removed from the film. The film was finally released in 1933, much changed, as Hello, Sister!. <mask> <mask> was so recognizable in comedies that the public didn't take her dramatic efforts seriously. In the classic war drama All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), <mask> was cast as the distraught mother of young soldier Lew Ayres, but at preview screenings her intense performance drew unintentional laughs. Her scenes were refilmed with Beryl Mercer.In 1936 RKO needed a replacement actress for its Hildegarde Withers series of murder mysteries; Edna May Oliver had left the studio and Helen Broderick succeeded Oliver in the role. Pitts was chosen to succeed Broderick. In theory, it was a good idea: Pitts seemed to fit the role of a prim, spinster schoolmistress. However, mystery fans couldn't accept the fluttery Pitts as a brainy sleuth who matched wits with the police, and after her two Withers films the series was abandoned. Radio and stage
Beginning in the 1930s, Pitts found work in radio. She appeared several times in the earliest Fibber McGee and Molly shows, playing a dizzy dame constantly looking for a husband. When Marian Jordan temporarily withdrew from Fibber McGee and Molly due to illness, Pitts made guest appearances opposite Jim Jordan as Fibber.<mask> also guested on variety shows, trading banter with Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, W.C. Fields, and Rudy Vallee, among others. She played Miss Mamie Wayne in the soap opera Big Sister., and was heard as <mask> on The New Lum and Abner Show. In 1944, <mask> tackled Broadway, making her debut in the mystery Ramshackle Inn. The play, written expressly for her, did well, and she took the show on the road in later years. She was also a familiar attraction in summer-stock theaters, playing annually in the Norma Mitchell play Post Road. Postwar movies and television
Postwar films continued to give her the chance to play comic snoops and flighty relatives in such fare as Life with Father (1947), but in the 1950s, she started focusing on television. This culminated in her best-known series role, playing second banana to Gale Storm in CBS's The Gale Storm Show (1956) (also known as Oh, Susanna), in the role of Elvira Nugent ("Nugie"), the shipboard beautician.In 1961, <mask> was cast opposite Earle Hodgins in the episode "Lonesome's Gal" of the ABC sitcom Guestward, Ho!, set on a dude ranch in New Mexico. In 1962, she appeared in an episode of CBS's Perry Mason, "The Case of the Absent Artist". Her final role was as Gertie, the switchboard operator in the Stanley Kramer comedy epic It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). Personal life

<mask> was married to actor Thomas Sarsfield Gallery from 1920 until their 1933 divorce. Gallery became a Los Angeles boxing promoter and later a TV executive. The couple had two children:
ZaSu Ann Gallery
Donald Michael "Sonny" Gallery (born Marvin Carville La Marr), whom they adopted and renamed after the 1926 death of Donald's biological mother (and Pitts's friend), actress Barbara La Marr. In 1933, Pitts married John Edward "Eddie" Woodall, with whom she remained until her death.She was a Republican, and became active in the party. Declining health dominated Pitts's later years, particularly after she was diagnosed with cancer in the mid-1950s. She continued to work, appearing on TV and making brief appearances in The Thrill of It All (1963) and It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World. She died in Hollywood on June 7, 1963, aged 69, and was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Pitts wrote a book of candy recipes, Candy Hits by <mask> Pitts, which was published posthumously in 1963. Legacy

ZaSu <mask> was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960 for her contribution to motion pictures. Her star is on the south side of the 6500 block of Hollywood Boulevard.In 1994, she was honored with her image on a United States postage stamp along with fellow actors Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow and Charlie Chaplin as part of The Silent Screen Stars stamp set, designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld. Her birthplace of Parsons, Kansas, has a star tile at the entrance to the Parsons Theatre to commemorate her. In the film Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941), W.C. Fields asks his niece, played by Gloria Jean, "Don't you want to go to school? You want to grow up and be dumb like ZaSu Pitts?" Gloria Jean replied "She only acts like that in pictures. I like her." Actress Mae Questel, who performed character voices in Max Fleischer's Popeye and Betty Boop cartoons, reportedly based the fluttering utterances of Olive Oyl on Pitts.Filmography

Television credits

See also
 Pitts and Todd

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Photographs and literature

1894 births
1963 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Kansas
Actresses from Santa Cruz, California
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
California Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Hal Roach Studios actors
Kansas Republicans
People from Parsons, Kansas
Universal Pictures contract players
Vaudeville performers
Writers from California
Writers from Kansas
Santa Cruz High School alumni

masks:
ZaSu Pitts
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title: Dudley Stamp

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Sir (Laurence<mask>, CBE, DSc, D. Litt, LLD, Ekon D, DSc Nat ( – ), was professor of geography at Rangoon and London, and one of the internationally best known British geographers of the 20th century. Educated at King's College London, he specialised in the study of geology and geography and taught at the universities of Rangoon (1923–26) and London (1926–45). From 1936 to 1944 he directed the compilation and publication of the report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain. He worked on many official enquiries into the use of land and planning. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Catford, London, in 1898, the seventh child of a shopkeeper; his elder brother Josiah became the banker <mask> of Shortlands. He attended University School, Rochester (1910–13), where he joined the Rochester and District Natural History Society. He then studied for a BSc at King's College London, graduating with first-class honours in 1917.Following military service he returned to King's as a demonstrator. His friendship with a student, his future wife Elsa Rea, led to an interest in geography. They both sat for the BA in 1921, <mask> again taking a first. He was awarded a DSc in the same year. World War I
<mask> served in the British Army during World War I in France and Belgium from 1917 to 1919. Whilst away his research paper on the Silurian of Clun Forest was read on his behalf to the Geological Society of London. Professional and academic career
<mask> spent the early 1920s as a petroleum geologist in the then British Empire colony of Burma, marrying and becoming professor of geology and geography in the new University of Rangoon in 1923.In 1926 he returned to the UK, becoming Reader in Economic geography at the London School of Economics (LSE). In the 1930s <mask> formed the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain, a major project to survey of the whole country using volunteers including colleagues, students, school teachers and pupils, on a scale of 6 inches to a mile. Publication of maps and reports began in 1933 and was completed in 1948, after interruption by World War II. <mask> reported on the reaction of a farmer who came across a school class doing land-use survey on his land. Angry at first, the farmer was pacified by the explanation of the schoolmaster, and then later wrote approvingly to his local newspaper that this approach was valuable both to the pupils and the community. <mask> went on to act as a consultant to many national governments and prepared a general scheme for a world land use survey which was adopted by the International Geographical Union. <mask> became professor of Economic geography in 1945 and moved to the chair of Social geography in 1948.Whilst at LSE <mask> held senior posts at many organisations, including presidency of section E of the British Association (1949), the Geographical Association (1950), the International Geographical Union (1952–56) and the Institute of British Geographers (1956), and vice-presidency of the Royal Society of Arts (1954–56). He also acted as a government advisor – as vice-chairman of the Scott committee on land utilisation in rural areas (1941–42), as chief adviser on rural land utilisation in the Ministry of Agriculture (1942–55), developed the idea of land classification which was officially adopted for planning purposes and was a member of the Royal Commission on Common Land (1955–58). He retired in 1958. Retirement
Besides DIY work at home in Bude, Cornwall, <mask> acted as a director of the family grocery firm Cave Austin and Company Ltd and was president of the Institute of Grocers (1960–63). His work as a geographer and government advisor however was far from over. He was a member of the Nature Conservancy from 1958, chairman of the British National Committee for Geography (1961–66) and president of the Royal Geographical Society (1963–66). <mask>'s wife Elsa died in 1962.In 1964 he chaired the organising committee of the Twentieth International Geographical Union Congress in London; a keen philatelist, he successfully argued for a set of commemorative stamps. In 1965 he chaired the National Resources Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources. <mask> died of heart failure in 1966 at a conference in Mexico City; he is reputed to have just completed a quest to visit every country in the world. He was buried in Bude. Legacy
Much of the development of government policy for land-use control in Britain may be traced back to <mask>'s land utilisation survey and analysis of land-use changes. Second Land-use survey
A second land utilisation survey was initiated by Alice Coleman (later professor of geography at Stamp's alma mater King's College London) in 1960, following Stamp's approach of the use of volunteers. Although around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work, only a limited amount was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems.Land-Use UK
In 1996 the Geographical Association organized a further survey with the participation of around 50,000 school pupils. Dudley Stamp Memorial Fund
The Royal Geographical Society's Dudley Stamp Memorial Fund provides small grants for geographers to assist them in postgraduate research or study travel likely to lead to the advancement of geography and to international co-operation in the study of the subject. Stamp Papers
The Stamp Papers, held at the department of geography, University of Sussex, contain much information on his organisation of the Land Use Survey, together with personal and professional papers which illustrate his life and career. Selected published works
 <mask>, L.D. (1919), The highest Silurian rocks of the Clun-Forest District (Shropshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society LXXIV-3 (295); pp. 221–246.<mask>, L.D. (1925), The Vegetation of Burma from an Ecological Standpoint. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co. Stamp, L.D. (1927), Wandlungen in Welthandelsverkehr: Atlantischer oder Stiller Ozean? (Changes in World Trade Flows: Atlantic or Pacific Ocean? ), Zeitschrift für Geopolitik, 4 (12), 1927, pp.64–66. (in German, English translation by Rolf Meyer to be published 2009). <mask>, L.D. (1929), The World: a general geography, London: Longmans, Green & Co. Stamp, L.D. (1930? to 1932) The New Age Geographies Junior Series (with his wife Elsa C<mask>) and the New Age Geographies Senior Series for schools
 <mask>, L.D.(ed) (1933), Slovene Studies: Being Studies Carried Out by Members of the Le Play Society in the Alpine Valleys of Slovenia (Yugoslavia). <mask>, L.D. (ed) (1937), The Land of Britain. The Report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain. <mask>, L.D. (1940), The Southern Margin of the Sahara: Comments on Some Recent Studies on the Question of Desiccation in West Africa, Geographical Review, Vol. 30, No.2, pp. 297–300. <mask>, L.D. (1946), Britain's Structure And Scenery, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. Stamp, L.D. (1946), Physical Geography and Geology, London: Longmans Green and Co. Stamp, L.D.(1948), The Land of Britain: Its Use and Misuse. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Stamp, L.D. & Kimble G.H.T. (1949), An Introduction to Economic Geography, Toronto, New York and London: Longmans, Green and Co. Stamp, L.D. & Wooldridge S.W., eds (1951) London Essays in Geography.London: (Longmans, Green & Co., for London School of Economics). <mask>, L.D. (1952), Land for Tomorrow: the Underdeveloped World, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
 Stamp, L.D. (1955), Man and the Land, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. <mask>, L.D. (1957), India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma, London: Metheun & Co. Ltd. <mask>, L.D.(1959), A Regional Geography, Part I: The Americas. (9th ed 1959), Longman. <mask>, L.D. (1960), Applied Geography. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1961), A Glossary of Geographical Terms, London: Longmans,
 <mask>, L.D.(ed) (1961), A History of Land Use in Arid Regions, UNESCO Arid Zone Research Publication XVII, Paris: UNESCO. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1962), The Land of Britain: Its use and misuse. 3rd enlarged ed. <mask>, L.D. (1962), Britain's Structure And Scenery, Fontana
 Hoskins, W.G. & <mask>, L.D., (1963), The Common Lands of England and Wales, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins.<mask>, L.D. (1969), Nature Conservation in Britain, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1969), Our Developing World, London: Faber and Faber, . Awards
<mask> was appointed CBE in 1946 and knighted in 1965. He received the Daniel Pidgeon award of the Geological Society (1920) and the gold medal of the Mining and Geological Institute of India (1922). Later he received the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society (1949), the American Geographical Society's Charles P. Daly Medal (1950), the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography's Vega medal (1954), the Tokyo Geographical Society's medal (1957) and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Scottish Geographical Medal (1964).The Town Planning Institute elected him to honorary membership in 1944. Honorary degrees included LLD from Edinburgh (1963) and DSc from Exeter (1965). References

1898 births
1966 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
British geographers
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of University of London Worldwide
Alumni of the University of London
Presidents of the International Geographical Union
Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
Academics of the London School of Economics
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
New Naturalist writers
University of Yangon faculty
20th-century geographers

masks:
) Dudley Stamp
Stamp
Lord Stamp
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Stamp
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title: John Danvers

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Sir <mask> (c. 1585–buried 28 April 1655) was an English courtier and politician who was one of the signatories of the death warrant of Charles I. Life

<mask> was the third and youngest son of Sir <mask> of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, by Elizabeth Neville. In his youth, he travelled through France and Italy, developing sophisticated tastes in gardening and architecture, which in later life he indulged at his house in Chelsea. In 1597 he entered the University of Padua as a student, prior to returning to England where he carried on his education at Winchester College (entered 1598), Brasenose College, Oxford (entered 1601) and Lincoln's Inn where he was a law student in 1612. <mask> was knighted by James I of England on 3 March 1609; and under Charles I became a gentleman of the privy chamber. He sat as a member of parliament for Arundel in 1610, Montgomery Boroughs in the Addled Parliament of 1614, Oxford University in 1621, Newport (Isle of Wight) in 1624 and again for Oxford University from 1625 to 1629. <mask> was engaged in mercantile transactions, and in 1624 he learned that the government were contemplating a seizure of the papers of the Virginia Company.With the aid of Edward Collingwood, the secretary, he had the whole of the records copied out and entrusted them to the care of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, a family friend, who deposited them at his house at Titchfield, Hampshire. <mask> fell into debt, and from 1630 to 1640 was apparently struggling with creditors. About 1640 he began an active political career in opposition to the king. He refused to contribute to the expenses of the king's expedition to Scotland in 1639, and was returned to the Short parliament of 1640 by Oxford University. In 1642 he took up arms for the parliament, and was granted a colonel's commission which he held in command of the Wiltshire foot militia until 1650, but he did not play a prominent part in military affairs. He gives an account of the opening incidents of the war in letters written to friends from Chelsea in July and August 1642. <mask> was ordered by the parliament to receive the Dutch ambassadors late in 1644, and on 10 October 1645 was returned to the house as member for Malmesbury in the place of Anthony Hungerford, disabled to sit.He took little part in the proceedings of the house, but was appointed a member of the commission nominated to try the king in January 1649. He was only twice absent from the meetings of the commission, and signed the death-warrant. In February of the same year <mask> was given a seat on the council of state, which he retained till the council's dissolution in 1653. He died at his house at Chelsea in April 1655, and was buried at Dauntsey. His name was in the Act of Attainder passed at the Restoration. Gardener
At a young age <mask> acquired a fine garden and house at Chelsea: the latter he furnished sumptuously and curiously, and the former he laid out after the Italian manner. ' 'Twas Sir <mask> of Chelsey,' <mask> writes, 'who first taught us the way of Italian gardens.'His house, called Danvers House, adjoined the mansion, once the home of Sir Thomas More, which was known in the seventeenth century as Buckingham and also as Beaufort House. Danvers House was pulled down in 1696 to make room for Danvers Street, therefore named after him. Through his second marriage he came into possession of the estate of Lavington, Wiltshire, where he elaborately laid out gardens. Marriages and family

In about March 1609 he married Magdalen Herbert (née Newport), widow of Richard Herbert, and mother of ten children, including George Herbert the poet, and Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. She died in 1627. On 10 July 1628, a year after the death of his first wife, <mask>, then reportedly aged 40, married Elizabeth, daughter of the late Ambrose Dauntsey, and granddaughter of Sir <mask>. His second wife died on 9 July 1636.His children by his second wife consisted of Henry (b. 5 December 1633), who inherited much of his uncle Henry's property, and died before his father in November 1654, when Thomas Fuller is stated to have preached the funeral sermon; Charles, who died in infancy; Elizabeth (b. 1 May 1629), who married <mask>, self-styled Viscount Purbeck; and Mary, who died in infancy. <mask> married a third time at Chelsea, on 6 January 1649, his wife being Grace Hewes, daughter of Thomas Hewes of Kemerton, Gloucestershire, and he had by her a son, <mask> (b. 10 August 1650). Grace survived her husband and died in 1678. <mask>' elder brothers were <mask> and <mask>.His brother Henry, who became Lord Danby, was a royalist, and died early in 1644; he left his property to his sister Lady Catherine Gargrave, wife of Sir Richard Gargrave, High Sheriff of Yorkshire. Still in pecuniary difficulties, <mask> resisted this disposition of his brother's property, and his influence with the parliamentary majority led the House of Commons to pass a resolution declaring that he had been deprived of his brother's estate 'for his affection and adhering to the parliament' (14 June 1644), and that <mask>'s eldest son Henry was entitled to the property. The son Henry bequeathed the estate in his power to his sister Ann, who married Sir Henry Lee 3rd Baronet of the Lee Baronets of Ditchley in 1655, and had a daughter, Eleanor, who became the wife of James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon. Lord Abingdon thus ultimately came into possession of the property at Chelsea. Notes

References
Attribution

Further reading
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
David Plant, Sir <mask>,  Regicide, 1588–1655, the British Civil Wars and Commonwealth website

1588 births
1655 deaths
Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of England for the University of Oxford
Regicides of Charles I
<mask> from Wiltshire
English knights
English MPs 1614
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1625
English MPs 1626
English MPs 1628–1629
Members of Parliament for the Isle of Wight

masks:
John Danvers
Danvers
John Danvers
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John Aubrey
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John Dauntsey
Robert Danvers
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John People