title: Yoo Byung-eun

texts:
 No. 6 "Ahae" and Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" was announced; both have been cancelled. French newspaper La Croix in a comment to the sinking of the MV Sewol wrote:

France Info commented:

Gallery

The sinking of the Sewol

The ferry Sewol capsized and sank on 16 April 2014.It was carrying 476 people, mostly secondary school students from Danwon High School who were travelling from Incheon towards Jeju. The sinking resulted in 304 deaths, and is the worst ferry disaster in South Korea since 14 December 1970, when the sinking of the ferry Namyoung cost 326 people out of 338 their lives. Sewol was operated by the company Chonghaejin Marine. Ownership
Before his death, <mask> had widely been described as "the owner of" or "the de facto owner of" the sunken ferry Sewol, and was former chairman of Chonghaejin Marine. Son Byong-ki, Yoo's lawyer, stated on 25 April that Yoo "has no financial ties to Chonghaejin or its subsidiaries." A press release from Yoo's U.S. publicist, Ahae Press Inc., stated that "[Mr. Yoo] does not own any shares, direct or indirect, of Chonghaejin." Financial filings confirmed that Yoo had no stake in the shipping company.<mask> was the head of the family who partially own Chonghaejin Marine, and is believed to have exercised influence through a web of company cross-shareholdings. His two sons, <mask> Dae-kyun (; born ), and second son <mask> Hyuk-kee, are controlling the shipping firm through a majority stake in the investment vehicle I-One-I Holdings as well as 13 unlisted affiliates which through a tangled web of ownership structure own each other, a structure prosecutors describe as pyramid-like, and ultimately is controlled by individuals― <mask>'s two sons and seven of his friends. Chung Sun-seop, editor of Chaebul.com, a website that analyses South Korea's chaebol business groups, said that "This kind of shadow management through his children or close aides is not uncommon among chaebol companies." On 23 April investigators of the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office raided the head office of Chonghaejin Marine, and some 20 offices of its affiliates, as well as the office of the Evangelical Baptist Church in Yongsan, central Seoul. Prosecutors suspected that funds from members of the religious group had been used in business operations of Chonghaejin Marine and Yoo Byung-eun. The prosecution found more than 100 bogus companies, many of them set up and operated by followers of a Yoo's religious group, had paid <mask> and his two sons at least  billion (~ million) for their "consulting services," and had purchased photos taken by <mask>. <mask>'s religious group denied cross-border transactions with affiliates of the ferry operator.The Prosecution secured video footage of a lecture Yoo delivered to the sect's believers in April 2010, in which <mask> admitted to have registered properties under the names of other persons. A lawyer representing <mask> Dae-kyun and <mask> Hyuk-kee said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims." Leadership
Michael Ham, managing director of Ahae Press and co-director of Evangelical Media Group, in a press release 25 April 2014 said: "Mr. Yoo does not have any involvement in the management or day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine Co. ... I know that he has been spending every single day of the past four to five years focusing on his photography work." <mask>'s lawyer stated that <mask> had not been involved in corporate management since Semo went bankrupt in 1997. Investigators obtained evidence indicating <mask> as the de facto leader of the company. One piece of evidence was a detailed list of all the company's staff prepared on 15 April 2014, a day before the sinking of the MV Sewol, which named <mask> as chairman of Chonghaejin Marine with employee number A99001, or employee No.1 at the company, which was established in 1999. They also discovered a pay stub that records a payment of  million (~) monthly over more than a year. They have also obtained testimony from others that <mask> was directly involved in managing the ferry operator. Sewol was remodeled between October 2012 and February 2013 to increase the number of passenger cabins and add a fifth floor, mainly used as an exhibition hall for photographs by <mask> (Ahae). The employee of Chonghaejin who was in charge of the refitting testified that he carried out the expansion under the direction of <mask>. Investigators found that <mask> has glossed over critical problems with the stability of the refurbished vessel. According to the prosecution, the regular captain of the Sewol testified that he had warned Chonghaejin Marine of serious stability problems with the vessel, and Kim Han-shik, the chief of Chonghaejin Marine notified Yoo of the risks of overloading it with freight in January 2014.Kim reportedly pointed out the ferry's weakened ability to recover left-and-right balance when tilted due to the extension in the number of cabins, and advised Yoo to sell off the ferry. <mask> allegedly told them to keep running Sewol as usual and put up for sale both the sister ship Ohamana and Sewol in March. On 20 May it was confirmed that the overloading and remodeling of the ship compromised its ability to maintain stability at the time of the accident. Allegations and charges
Based on the evidence, prosecutors concluded that Yoo was the one who directed operation and execution of business, and planned to hold Yoo vicariously liable for the acts of the operator's crew members. Accordingly, the prosecution was poised to cite "negligent homicide" in its application of criminal law against Yoo. Yoo was charged with embezzlement, breach of trust and tax evasion. He is suspected of embezzling  billion (~ million) from his companies, including  billion (~ million) transferred overseas illegally, as part of a scheme to sell his nature photographs to his companies for tens of millions of won.He also owes an estimated  billion (~ million) in taxes for the photos sold. Prosecutors also found evidence that <mask>'s family set up several paper companies with no consultants, which then collected some  billion (~ million) in consulting fees from companies related to Semo Group over the last few years. They are also looking into circumstantial evidence that <mask>'s family has claimed commission fees of tens of billions of won from the related companies for the use of trademark rights for names like Sewol. On 30 June, the prosecution announced its intention to indict <mask>, irrespective of whether or not he was apprehended, citing "homicide by negligence" in the charges. Investigation
Yoo made no known public appearances since the Sewol sank. Within the first week of investigation the Ministry of Justice banned <mask>, his eldest son <mask> Dae-kyun, and more than 60 other employees in various companies owned by <mask> or his sons from leaving South Korea. Son Byeong-gi, a lawyer representing both Yoo, Chonghaejin Marine, and I-One-I Holdings, said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims."The Park Geun-hye administration pledged to exercise the right to indemnity against <mask> and Chonghaejin Marine as soon as the state compensates victims' families. The combined damages from the sinking of the Sewol are estimated to reach  trillion (~ billion). The accumulated value of the assets owned by <mask> and his family is estimated at over  billion (~ million). It includes an estimated  billion (~ million) held by <mask> himself,  billion (~ million) by eldest daughter <mask> Som-na,  billion (~ million) by eldest son Yoo Dae-kyun, and  billion (~ million) by the second son <mask> Hyuk-kee. Son Byeong-gi representing <mask> told the Chosun Ilbo on 24 April that reports that Yoo's assets total  billion were not true, but that Yoo had "voiced his willingness to donate his entire  billion (~ million) estate due to his deep sorrow for those who lost their lives aboard the Sewol." A prosecution official investigating Yoo's holdings said there was a "huge gap" between what the former chairman claimed he was worth and what investigators had found out so far. Son claimed on 25 April that he had been misunderstood and by  billion had meant "tens of billions" of won, and that Yoo was willing to donate his "entire" assets, whatever their size.Son later resigned as lawyer for the family on 15 May. A financier of the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea was summoned for questioning on 24 April to trace deals between the sect and companies run by <mask> and his two sons. Transcripts of land registers showed that four days later <mask> and his family signed over some 24 properties worth around  billion (~ million) to the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea on 28 and 29 April. On 13 May, the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office summoned <mask> to appear for questioning by 16 May, but he failed to heed the call, and was presumed hiding in the church compound Geumsuwon south of Seoul. All of <mask>'s children and a number of key suspects had ignored the summons. Yoo failed to appear at a court hearing on 20 May. On 22 May the Incheon District Court issued an arrest warrant and Korean authorities offered a  million () reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo.On 25 May the reward was raised tenfold to  million (). Prosecutors warned on 24 May that anyone who helps <mask> in hiding faces up to three years in prison. Four members of Yoo's religious group were arrested 25 May for assisting <mask> to escape detection by the police. On 26 May Yoo's religious group, in an apparent move to confuse investigators, said that <mask> might have returned early in the morning to Geumsuwon, the church commune in Anseong, Gyeonggi Province. Geumsuwon is known as the main residence of <mask>. A spokesperson for the sect later announced that Yoo had not returned, further saying, "We hope Yoo doesn't get arrested. A 100,000 followers will protect Yoo.Even if the entire congregation of 100,000 believers is arrested, we won't hand him over." Lee Jae-ok, another member of Yoo's religious group, chairman of Yoo's Hemato-Centric Life Foundation, and one of <mask>'s close aides, was arrested on 26 May on charges of planning Yoo's life as a fugitive and helping him evade detection for weeks. President Park Geun-hye during a Cabinet meeting on 27 May ordered a quick arrest of the fugitive Yoo saying he and his family "is ridiculing the law and causing indignation among the people." Beginning 27 May, police doubled the number of officers deployed for the search for <mask> from 24,000 to almost 50,000. Yoo Som-na
Yoo's eldest daughter, <mask> Som-na (; born 1966), was summoned for questioning multiple times by the prosecution, but evaded the office's investigation. She headed the interior design and consulting firm Moreal Design with offices on New York's Park Avenue and in Seoul, which has done design work for many of Semo's affiliates, Debauve & Gallais, Hemato-Centric Life Institute, and NaeClear, and has sponsored Yoo's photographic exhibitions. On 9 May 2014, police raided the firm's office in southern Seoul on suspicion it had been involved in forming the family's slush funds and managing them in overseas accounts.On 11 May, the authorities issued an arrest warrant for Som-na after she failed to appear for questioning. Som-na had been staying in France since February 2013 on a temporary residence visa. She is accused of embezzling  billion ( million) from her affiliates including Dapanda since 2003, while working as the head of Moreal Design in Seoul. On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered Som-na to surrender her passport, while the Ministry of Justice dispatched local investigators to France to discuss potential extradition. French law enforcement authorities arrested Som-na under the international arrest warrant on 27 May in her Paris apartment, reportedly worth  billion (US$2.44 million), near Champs-Élysées. The Ministry of Justice said that it would repatriate Som-na following a repatriation trial in France. She appeared before a judge on 28 May, who decided against releasing her on bail.Through her French lawyer, Patrick Maisonneuve, Som-na said she wss innocent of the charges brought against her. An appeals court on 11 June rejected Som-na's request for bail, citing flight risk. A renewed request to be released pending the extradition decision 17 September was rejected by a Paris judge on 9 July. She was held at the Fresnes Prison and was projected to bring her extradition case to the French Supreme Court, or even to judicial authorities of the European Union, which could have delayed her repatriation up to one year. On 2 June 2017 the appeal on the extradition order for <mask> Som-na was rejected by the highest administrative court in France, and on 7 June 2017 she was arrested by South-Korean officials at the Charles de Gaulle airport, aboard a plane from Korean Airlines bound for Korea. Eight aides
During the month of May, numerous persons were questioned and arrested, among them eight people who held top positions at subsidiary companies in Yoo's sphere of influence. Song Kook-bin (; born ) was summoned for questioning on 30 April.He is CEO of Chonghaejin affiliate Dapanda, a direct-sales company distributing health supplements and cosmetics, and previously served as CEO of I-One-I Holdings. <mask>'s first son, Dae-kyun, is the biggest shareholders of Dapanda. Dapanda holds a 16.2 percent stake in Chonhaeji, the largest shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine, the operator of the ferry Sewol. Song was subsequently arrested, detained, and on 21 May indicted on charges of embezzling company funds and channeling the money to <mask> and his family, including suspicions of purchasing photographs taken by <mask> for as much as  million (~) each, dealing significant damage to the company. Lee Jae-young (; born ), Ahae Corp CEO, was arrested on 9 May, on charges of breach of trust and facilitating financial irregularities by buying millions of dollars worth of Yoo's photos at prices far higher than market value, thus funding his photography career. Lee Gang-se (; born ), former Ahae Corp CEO, was

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title: Yoo Byung-eun

type: original

texts:
 questioned in early May over suspicions of aiding <mask> in the establishment of slush funds. Lee admitted that his former company, Ahae Corp, had paid bogus consultation fees to a shell company operated by <mask>, but said these actions were company custom and had taken place before he became CEO.Lee allegedly received orders to invest Ahae Corp money in the firm Ahae Press France, a company established to publish <mask>'s photographs. Lee was arrested on 23 May and charged with extracting more than  billion (~ million) from Ahae Corp through an illegal lending scheme. Park Seung-il (; born ), auditor of I-One-I Holdings and <mask>'s close aid was indicted on 23 May on charges of embezzling  billion (~ million) in company money. Byeon Ki-choon (; born 1972), CEO of both Semo's shipbuilding unit Chonhaiji and of I-One-I Holdings, and Go Chang-hwan (; born ), the CEO of Semo, were in early May suspected of causing tens of billions of won (tens of millions of dollars) in losses to their companies by paying large sums of company funds to purchase photographs by Yoo at excessively high prices and for consulting services from a paper company owned by <mask>'s family. They were indicted on 28 May on charges of inflicting  billion (~ million) worth of losses on their firms to help <mask>'s family create slush funds. Kim Dong-hwan (; born ), auditor of Dapanda and senior executive at I-One-I Holdings, was arrested in mid May, and indicted on embezzlement charges on 29 May. Oh Kyung-seok (; born ), CEO of Hemato-Centric Life Institute and in charge of selling <mask>'s photography works, was indicted on embezzlement charges on 31 May.The criminal trial of the eight defendants started at Incheon District Court on 16 June, the eight being accused of embezzlement, breach of fiduciary duty and other instances of corruption, with prosecutors alleging that the defendants inflicted between  billion (~ million) and  billion (~ million) worth of losses on their firms to help <mask>'s family create slush funds. Three of the defendants denied their charges, the others admitted to irregular intragroup trading, saying that they acted on the orders of <mask>'s eldest son, Dae-kyun, and Yoo's close aide Kim Phil-bae, who both reportedly fled to the United States. Kwon Oh-kyun
Yoo's brother-in-law, Kwon Oh-kyun (; born ), the younger brother to <mask>'s wife, Kwon Yun-ja, was arrested at his home in southern Seoul on charges of negligence on 6 June. Kwon, a key leader of the Salvation Sect, is CEO of the construction firm Trigon Korea, a core affiliate of Chonghaejin Marine, and suspected of embezzling company funds to illicitly transfer to <mask> and <mask>'s children. On 8 June, a court warrant was issued to detain Kwon, inhibiting he fled the country or destroyed evidence. Kwon became the first relative of <mask> to be indicted on 24 June. He is accused of funneling funds of nearly  billion (~ million) into his business after taking out loans with assets of the Evangelical Baptist Church as collateral in 2010, according to prosecutors.<mask> Byung-il
<mask>'s older brother, <mask> Byung-il (; born ), was the first member of <mask>'s family who, on 11 May, appeared for questioning. Byung-il was the managing director of the religious facility called Geumsuwon. Prosecutors said they believed that Byung-il had received consultation fees of  million (~) from Chonghaejin Marine each month, and that they had testimonies that he had illegally intervened in the company's management. Byung-il was arrested one month later on 13 June, near Geumsuwon. The prosecution team requested and was granted a pretrial detention warrant for Byung-il on 16 June. On 2 July Byung-il was indicted on embezzlement charges suspected of having received a combined  million (~) from Chonghaejin Marine as consulting fees between June 2010 and April 2014. Shin Myung-hee
Shin Myung-hee (; born ), a member of the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Mother Shin" by devotees of the sect, had been wanted by law enforcement authorities under suspicion of masterminding <mask>'s escape, and on 13 June turned herself in to authorities in Suwon, Gyeonggi.Shin was detained and in July indicted on charges of playing a major role in helping Yoo evade capture. Oh Gabriel
An unnamed person acting for <mask> contacted the Embassy of France in Seoul in late May and asked about the possibility of Yoo seeking political asylum. The embassy declined the request due to <mask>'s status as a criminal suspect. Local media outlets said Yoo's middleman also made asylum enquiries at the embassies of the Philippines, the Czech Republic, and Canada. <mask>'s eldest brother-in-law, Oh Gabriel (; born ), married to <mask>'s younger sister, <mask> Gyeong-hee (; born ), was arrested with his wife on 19 June, allegedly for aiding <mask>'s escape. The arrest came following testimony provided by two key adherents of the Evangelical Baptist Church that were arrested earlier in June, saying Oh drove Yoo out of the religious group's commune, Geumsuwon, on 23 April after police surrounded the compound. Oh, who served as the Korean ambassador to the Czech Republic from January 2010 through June 2013, reportedly played a significant role in garnering support for <mask>'s photo exhibitions in France.Oh is currently under review by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs's disciplinary committee for allegations that he abused his authority to help Yoo hold a photo exhibition in France and other European countries. The Prosecution suspect that Oh contacted the French Embassy on behalf of <mask>. When questioned, Oh testified that <mask>'s family and followers funded and gave him information about the authorities' movements. Oh and his wife were released on 26 June reportedly with the expressed willingness to actively cooperate with the investigation and mediate the surrender of <mask>, and because under Korean criminal law family members to a fugitive cannot be punished for hiding or aiding the suspect. Kwon Yun-ja
Yoo's wife, Kwon Yun-ja (; born ), was put on the nation's most wanted list in June. She has been the CEO of a door-to-door sales company, Dalgubeol (), in the southern city of Daegu. Kwon was detained in an apartment in Bundang, Gyeonggi Province on 21 June and taken in for questioning on charges of embezzling funds from the Evangelical Baptist Church and her company, reportedly amounting to more than  billion () that had been handed over to her husband and her son to expand their business.To keep her in custody, the prosecution asked on 23 June the Incheon District Court to issue an arrest warrant, which was granted on 24 June. On 14 July prosecutors filed embezzlement charges against Kwon. <mask> Byung-ho
Yoo's younger brother, <mask> Byung-ho (; born ), father-in-law of singer Park Jin-young, was arrested at his residence in Daegu on 22 June. The Court issued a custody warrant on 24 June. Byung-ho is suspected of embezzlement, totaling at least  billion (~ million), from Chonghaejin Marine's sister firms, and to have borrowed  billion (~ million) from one of the family affiliates, and allegedly made members of the religious group pay back  billion (~ million) on his behalf while the affiliate suffered losses of  billion (~ million). Lee Seok-hwan
On 25 June Lee Seok-hwan (; born ), considered <mask>'s "right-hand man," was arrested in a parking lot in Suwon, south of Seoul, after avoiding a manhunt for weeks. An influential member of the Evangelical Baptist Church, Lee is suspected of helping Yoo avoid arrest.A court-issued warrant on Lee was sought on 27 June. Ongoing investigation
In mid June 2014, Chonhaiji Co. Ltd., a ship block maker controlled by <mask>'s sons, and the major shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine Company with 39.4%, lodged its application for receivership at the Changwon District Court. Chonhaiji had  billion (~ million) in outstanding debt to main creditor Korea Development Bank. On 27 June the Government of South Korea had calculated the costs in connection with the sinking of the ferry Sewol to  billion (~ million), and lodged a claim to any properties held directly or by proxy by <mask> and Chonghaejin Marine at the Seoul Central District Court to cover compensation payments for the victims. The Court on 4 July ordered the sequestration of assets owned by <mask> Byung-eun, four officials of Chonghaejin Marine, and eight crew members aboard Sewol. <mask> while on the run purchased around  of land near a property in South Jeolla Province where he sought refuge in May, according to prosecutors. He paid  million (~) and registered it under the names of the married couple, members of his religious group, who run a rest stop and restaurant near Suncheon and are suspected of aiding <mask>'s escape from the law.The Incheon District Court on 2 July ordered in its third decision to temporarily seize an additional  billion (~ million) worth of assets owned by <mask> and his family, including the newly acquired property as well as 10 stores in Gangnam District, Seoul, valued at  billion (~ million), an apartment owned by <mask>'s son Hyuk-kee valued at  billion (~ million), and cameras confiscated from a restaurant run by his other son Dae-kyun valued at  million (~). <mask> Dae-kyun
<mask>'s first son, <mask> Dae-kyun, was involved in the day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine. He was the biggest shareholder of four affiliates of the family businesses, including the holding company of the operator of Sewol, I-One-I Holdings. Prosecutors found evidence proving that Dae-kyun received monthly wages from affiliates that he did not own shares of. He is suspected of collecting billions of won in "consulting fees" from the firms and creating a slush fund. Dae-gyun also registered the name "Ohamana" for a sister ferry of the Sewol. Dae-gyun was wanted on a string of corruption charges and irregularities that are believed to have contributed to the sinking of the Sewol.Dae-kyun bought an airplane ticket to France and was reportedly spotted at Incheon International Airport on 19 April, but didn't board the plane. He was supposed to appear for questioning at the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office, but failed to show up. Prosecutors obtained an arrest warrant for Dae-kyun on 13 May, but investigators were unable to find him. He was placed on the most-wanted list amid fears that he would flee the country. The Court approved on 20 May a proposal by the Prosecution and the National Tax Service to place real estate assets worth  billion (~ million) under confiscation. Among the properties was land in the Seocho District and Gangnam District of southern Seoul and two business offices in Gangnam-gu. All properties had been registered in the name of <mask> Dae-kyun.On 22 May the Korean authorities labeled <mask> Byung-eun and <mask> Dae-kyun as fugitives, and initially offered a  million (~) reward for Yoo and a  million (~) reward for Dae-kyun for information leading to their arrest. On 25 May the rewards were raised to  million (~) for the older <mask> and to  million (~) for the son, the largest amount ever offered by an investigative authority as a reward in South Korea. <mask> Hyuk-kee
<mask>'s second son, <mask> Hyuk-kee, reportedly was involved in the day-to-day managing of Chonghaejin Marine. Hyuk-kee, apart from his stake in I-One-I Holdings, owned some 10 percent stake in Ahae Corp., a paint manufacturing company, and a stake in Ahae Press Corp. As CEO of Ahae Press Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, he built up his fathers image as a talented photographer, and curated his exhibitions. Hyuk-kee had been summoned for questioning by 8 May, but ignored the summonses. On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued. He is suspected of helping his father establish a slush fund through paper companies.Hyuk-kee, who is known outside Korea as Keith H<mask>, was based in the U.S. and, according to sources, either had permanent residence status or held a U.S. citizenship. He left South Korea for the U.S. shortly after the sinking of the Sewol on 16 April, and attempted to make his way to France but didn't get on his booked flight. Hyuk-kee and his wife allegedly owned at least three apartments in Manhattan and near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, then estimated to be worth around  million (~ billion). The prosecutors asked the United States Department of Homeland Security's Investigations Directorate to track down real estate and deposits under the names of the siblings or affiliates of the family business. Personal life
Yoo was known, due to his reclusiveness, as "the millionaire with no face." He married Kwon Yun-ja (; born ), the daughter of Kwon Shin-chan, in 1966. He had four children with her: daughter <mask> Sum-na (; born 1966), also known as Ennette Yoo, daughter <mask> Sang-na (; born ), son <mask> Dae-kyun (; born ), and second son <mask> Hyuk-kee (; born 1972), also known as Keith H. <mask>.Death
South Korean authorities initially offered a  million (~) reward for information leading to the arrest of <mask>. On 25 May 2014, the reward was raised tenfold to  million (~). In June 2014, South Korean police discovered <mask>'s heavily decomposed body in a plum field in Suncheon, a city about  south of Seoul. Yoo was wearing an "expensive Italian jacket", and surrounding his body was "a copy of a book he had written, an empty bottle of a shark liver oil health tonic manufactured by a Yoo family company and several empty bottles of alcohol". Initially, the police believed that the body belonged to a homeless man, but further investigation in July 2014 based on analysis of DNA, dental, and fingerprint evidence confirmed that the body was <mask>'s. An investigation into Yoo's cause of death was inconclusive because the body was too decomposed. According to Lee Han-Young, the head of the Central Legal Medical Center, no evidence of alcohol, poison, or external force was found.Bibliography

References

External links

, Advancing the teachings and beliefs of the Korean Evangelical Baptist Church

1941 births
2014 deaths
South Korean photographers
Landscape photographers
South Korean artists
South Korean inventors
People from Kyoto
South Korean religious leaders
South Korean businesspeople
MV Sewol
South Korean people convicted of tax crimes
People convicted of

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title: José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones

texts:
<mask>-<mask> (Salamanca, 27 November 1898 – Madrid, 13 September 1980) was a Spanish politician, leader of the CEDA and a prominent figure in the period leading up to the Spanish Civil War. He served as Minister of War from May to December 1935. In the 1936 elections the CEDA was defeated, and support for Gil-Robles and his party evaporated. As Civil War approached, Gil-Robles was unwilling to struggle with Francisco Franco for power and in April 1937 he announced the dissolution of CEDA, and went into exile. Abroad, he negotiated with Spanish monarchists to try to arrive at a common strategy for taking power in Spain. In 1968 he was named a professor of the University of Oviedo and published his book No fue posible la paz ('Peace Was Not Possible'). He was a member of the International Tribunal at the Hague.After the death of Franco and the end of his regime, Gil-Robles became one of the leaders of the "Spanish Christian Democracy" party, which however failed to win support in the Spanish general elections in 1977. Biography

Early life
<mask> Gil-Robles was born in Salamanca on 27 November 1898. He was the son of Enrique Gil Robles, a conservative Spanish law scholar and a Carlist theorist, whose ancestors were hidalgos from León. Carlism was a traditionalist political movement in Spain whose goal was to establishing an alternative branch of the Bourbon dynasty. <mask> Gil-Robles received his master's degree in 1919 and in 1922 he gained by examination the chair of political law in the University of La Laguna (Tenerife). Politics
During the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera he was secretary of the Catholic-Agrarian National Confederation and member of the Writing Council of El Debate. After the declaration of the Second Spanish Republic, he participated in and led the Acción Nacional (National Action) party, later renamed Acción Popular (Popular Action).In the elections of 1931 he was chosen as a deputy in the Cortes for Salamanca. During the period of the Republic, he maintained the posture of "accidentalism": whether Spain was a monarchy or republic was less important than the law's compatibility with religious principles. Leader of CEDA

Gil-Robles formed the Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (CEDA), a conservative Catholic party, the political heir to Ángel Herrera Oria's Acción Popular and fought for the "affirmation and defence of the principles of Christian civilization". The CEDA won the largest number of seats in elections of November 1933, and  Gil-Robles was thus the head of the largest party in the Cortes. However, to avoid conflicts with leftist parties, President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora invested Alejandro Lerroux, leader of the Radical Republican Party, as prime minister instead of Gil-Robles. The appointment of three CEDA ministers to the cabinet in 1934 triggered the leftist Asturian miners' strike that rose, ultimately unsuccessfully, against the government of the Republic. Gil-Robles served as Minister of War under Lerroux from May to December 1935.1936 elections, defeat and uprising
During the February 1936 Spanish general election, the CEDA formed the largest part of the National Front coalition, which also included Alfonsine monarchists and Carlists. Gil-Robles campaigned under the slogan Todo el poder para el Jefe ("All the power to the Chief [i.e., Gil Robles]"), and while he himself was reelected to the Cortes, the conservative National Front narrowly lost the election, with power swinging to the left. The CEDA itself lost ground, winning 88 seats, fewer than the 115 they had won in 1933. Following the narrow victory of the leftist Popular Front and the defeat  of the CEDA, support for Gil-Robles and his party declined, losing both votes and membership to the Falange party, founded in 1934, whose share of the vote had been very small in the 1936 elections. Bitterly disillusioned with the failure of their jefe to win the election, the CEDA's youth group Juventudes de Acción Popular went over en masse to the Falange. In the following months and in the volatile situation that arose, Gil-Robles was well aware that a coup was being prepared against the government. Despite his later insistence that he had no part in the destruction of the Republic, the CEDA leader was kept informed of each stage of the plot; members of his party played important liaison roles, facilitating contact between military and civilian plotters.Gil-Robles himself authorized the transfer of 500,000 pesetas of CEDA electoral funds to General Emilio Mola's military insurgents. Civil War

With the beginning of the Spanish Civil War, following the uprising on 17 July 1936, Gil-Robles found himself unwilling or unable to struggle with Francisco Franco for power. Franco himself was determined not to have competing right-wing parties in Spain, and in April 1937 Gil-Robles announced the dissolution of CEDA. After the Civil War, Gil-Robles went into exile. Abroad, he negotiated with Spanish monarchists to try to arrive at a common strategy for taking power in Spain. Later life
In 1968 he was named a professor of the University of Oviedo and published his book No fue posible la paz ('Peace Was Not Possible'). He was a member of the International Tribunal at the Hague.After the death of Franco and the end of his regime, Gil-Robles became one of the leaders of the Spanish Christian Democracy party, which won little support in the Spanish general elections in 1977. Family

Gil-Robles' son, <mask> Gil-Robles, was born on 17 June 1935 in Madrid. Like his father, he entered politics, serving as a member of the European Parliament in the European People's Party group, and as President of the European Parliament from 1997 to 1999. <mask>-Robles is a unique and controversial figure in the history of Spanish politics. The nature of his political beliefs during the Second Republic either greatly fluctuated or were tailored to his audience, as he is recorded as making many statements that appear contradictory. This is certainly reflected in the nature of his party, the CEDA, which attracted support from both moderate Catholic republicans  and avowed right-wing monarchists. Judgment of historians
The controversy surrounding him has been best articulated by the historians Paul Preston and Richard Robinson:
Preston believes that Gil-Robles was essentially a legalist fascist, whose policy of accidentalism would give way to legislating for a fascist dictatorship when he was confident that the populace was controllable.His evidence references Gil Robles' speeches, which were often filled with "anti-democratic and anti-Semitic innuendo", the oppressive, anti-reformist nature of his government partnership with Alejandro Lerroux's Radicals, and the frank admiration offered to foreign fascist regimes by both his propaganda and by his press organ, El Debate. Burnett Bolloten argues Robles was aware of the planned coup and July 1936, he turned over half a million peseta's from CEDA's funds to the generals. However, Bolloten does observe that his support was given in a rather reluctant manner, conditional upon the knowledge that CEDA was disintegrating by this time and he refused to go along with General Mola's request that Spanish right-wing parliamentarians convene at Burgos on 17 July to denounce the government as unlawful. Robinson, however, rejects any claim that Gil-Robles was anything but a consummate politician struggling to keep the unstable right under control and within the law. The CEDA was not a mere front for fascist aspirations but a party that was based on Catholic values, including a desire to pursue social Catholicism. Gil Robles himself certainly expressed pro-republican views; in an interview with the American journalist <mask> he said, "I am the only friend of the Republic" and was recorded as declaring that "a new dictatorship would produce, after a period of tranquillity, social revolution." Manuel Tardio and Ramon Arango argues that Gil Robles, despite possessing some authoritarian tendencies, did not advocate a dictatorship and neither he nor CEDA stepped beyond the limits of the constitution.Burnett Bolloten observes that Robles refused to seize power with the help of the military and monarchists after becoming war minister in May 1935, something for which they would never forgive him. After the Spanish Right's victory in the November 1933 elections, he maintained support for non-violence and wanted to use evolutionary rather than dictatorial means for achieving his vision of a corporative Spain, despite criticism from monarchists and his own party's youth section. References

1898 births
1980 deaths
People from Salamanca
Spanish Agrarian Party politicians
Popular Action (Spain) politicians
CEDA politicians
Government ministers during the Second Spanish Republic
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Politicians from Castile and León
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War (National faction)
University of Oviedo faculty
University of Salamanca alumni
Defence ministers of Spain

masks:
José María Gil
Robles y Quiñones de León
José Maria
José María
José María
Legacy Gil
Mallory Browne


title: Jose Fernandez (basketball)

texts:
<mask> (born November 18, 1971) is the head coach of the University of South Florida women's basketball team, starting in 2000. <mask> was officially named head coach on Nov. 14, 2000, just seven months after arriving at USF as an assistant coach. He has led the Bulls to the six trips to the NCAA Tournament and nine WNIT appearances, which includes the 2009 WNIT title and a semifinal appearance in 2014. The Bulls have also advanced to the American Athletic Conference (AAC) Tournament championship game in four of the past six seasons and have made at least the semifinal round during every season in the AAC. Named the 2018 and 2021 American Athletic Conference Coach of the Year, head coach <mask> has, over 20 seasons, coached the Bulls to grow into a perennial Top 25 program. Under his guidance, USF has transformed from a program with only five winning seasons to a regular in the NCAA Tournament. Season by season results
2019-20 * (Postseason cancelled due to the COVID-19 Pandemic)

In a basketball season unlike one that anyone has ever seen in collegiate athletics – one that will have an asterisk next to it moving forward – USF was still on the cusp of recording its seventh 20-win season in the last eight years, and advancing to its seventh-straight postseason tournament, before the COVID-19 Pandemic led to the cancellation of the remainder of the NCAA basketball season.In addition, the Bulls had to endure a second-consecutive year of season-ending and significant injuries, however, still recorded a 19-13 record and advanced to the semifinals of the American Athletic Conference Tournament for the seventh-consecutive year. After starting the season getting votes in both the Associated Press and USA Today/WBCA Coaches Poll, ultimately getting as high as No. 21 in the AP and No. 20 in the Coaches poll, USF posted signature non-conference wins over No. 15 Texas, 64-57, and VCU, 77-55, and trailed No. 2 Baylor by three with three minutes left before falling in the end. In addition, the Bulls had their fans on the edge of their seats, yet again, at home against No.5 UConn, leading the Huskies at the half and trailing by just five entering the fourth quarter before UConn pulled away in its final AAC appearance at the Yuengling Center. Elena Tsineke, the team’s leading scorer, was tabbed The American Freshman of the Year, in addition to being named to the All-Freshmen Team and Third Team All-Conference. Elisa Pinzan, the league leader in assists per game, was named Third Team All-Conference. 2018-19 (WNIT)

Decimated by season-ending injuries, USF still battled through its traditional daunting schedule and made its way back to the American Athletic Conference Tournament semifinals for the sixth-straight season. The Bulls, who entered the season ranked No. 22 in the nation, also extended their postseason appearance streak to eight as they advanced to the WNIT second round. The Green and Gold posted marquee nonconference wins over Ohio State, 71-47, on the road, Oklahoma, 87-70, UCLA, 60-56, and George Washington, 63-30, en route to a 9-2 start before the injuries took effect.The Bulls also nearly stunned No. 2 UConn, at the Yuengling Center on Senior Night, trailing the Huskies by one with just over six minutes to play, before UConn ended the game on a 9-0 run. Enna Pehadzic was tabbed a Second Team AAC All-Conference selection while Sydni Harvey was named to the All-Freshman Team. 2017-18 (NCAA Tournament)

USF reached its fourth straight American Athletic Conference Tournament championship game and made the Bulls’ fourth straight NCAA Tournament appearance as <mask> was named The American’s Coach of the Year. Led by seniors Laia Flores and Maria Jespersen, who earned AP honorable-mention All-America honors, and junior guard Kitija Laksa, who joined Jespersen as a first-team all-conference selection. USF once again was ranked in the top 25 polls and completed the season with a 26-8 record. Among those wins was a trouncing of No.13 Ohio State, 84-65, in front of a raucous Yuengling Center crowd. 2016-17 (NCAA Tournament)

The Bulls entered 2016 ranked in the AP Poll for 22-consecutive weeks. USF reached 20-wins faster than any other team in program history. The team, made up of 10 underclassmen tied the most successful nonconference record prior to the start of The American action. For the second straight year, <mask> coached the league’s Freshman of the Year (Tamara Henshaw) and a unanimous conference first team selection (Kitija Laksa). On January 17, 2017, the all-time winningest coach in USF basketball history reached his 300th career win in front of a home crowd at the Yuengling Center. The Bulls returned to the American Athletic Conference championship game for the third straight season.2015-16 (NCAA Tournament)

The Bulls had a season to remember, returning to the NCAA Tournament for the third time in four years. USF ended the season in the top-25 for the second straight season. Along with coaching the program’s first All-American, <mask> lifted the team to new heights in 2015-16 and achieved the highest ranking in program history, No. 15 in both the AP and USA Today Coaches’ polls. USF made its 12th postseason run in 13 seasons and its fourth NCAA Tournament appearance in program history. The graduating senior class left Tampa Bay as the first class to make three NCAA appearances, reach the postseason four times, and back-to-back trips to the American Athletic Conference Championship. <mask> coached the program’s first WBCA All-American, Courtney Williams, and the second-highest drafted Bull in USF Athletics history.Williams was selected No. 8 in the WNBA Draft by the Phoenix Mercury. <mask> also guided Kitija Laksa to the program’s second conference Freshman of the Year honor. Laksa was named the American Athletic Conference Freshman of the Year after an amazing debut with the Bulls. 2014-15 (NCAA Tournament)

<mask> posted his and the program’s sixth 20-win season (and third consecutive). <mask> and the Bulls made history with two Top 25 rankings in the AP Poll en route to the best record in school history, 27-8. <mask> and the Bulls reached a conference championship for the first time in school history, grabbed the best NCAA Tournament seed in school history as a six seed, and hosted the first and second rounds for the first time in school history.<mask> coached an All-Region player for the third time in three years, and coached Courtney Williams to become one of the 12 Wade Trophy Finalists in the nation. 2013-14 (WNIT)

USF just missed the NCAA Tournament, losing to only Louisville and UConn in January, February and March before making a deep run in the WNIT Tournament. <mask> came one game shy of playing for his second WNIT Championship as the Bulls fell to Rutgers at home April 2 on the heels of an in-game injury to the Bulls’ point guard. The 23-13 season went down as a major success, setting the stage for the 2014-15 run. 2012-13 (NCAA Tournament)

The season helped USF turn a corner in the eyes of the nation. The Bulls made just their second NCAA Tournament appearance, earning a berth with 21 regular-season wins, including back-to-back wins over No. 12 Louisville on the road and No.21 Syracuse at home. The Bulls traveled to Texas Tech in the first round and defeated the Red Raiders 71-70 for their first ever NCAA Tournament victory, then lost to eventual Final Four team California in overtime, after a thrilling second-half comeback. <mask> was the only coach in the nation to play all four Final Four teams in 2012-13, defeating Louisville, losing to Notre Dame and California in overtime, and facing UConn in the regular season. Earlier in the year, <mask> picked up win No. 200 of his career when USF defeated Detroit, 74-60. Following the 2012-13 season, Andrea Smith was drafted by the Connecticut Sun, adding to the trail of post-college success <mask>’ players have enjoyed. 2011-12 (WNIT)

USF just missed the NCAA Tournament, as <mask> guided USF to 19 wins despite having no true home games as the Sun Dome underwent renovations.<mask>’ team advanced to the third round of the WNIT Tournament before falling to James Madison. 2010-11

USF finished the 2010-11 regular season with a 12-19 overall record and a 3-13 slate in conference play following its big 60-55 win over No. 17/19 Georgetown in Tampa. After the season concluded, USF broke ground on its state of the art practice facility, the Pam and Les Muma Basketball Center. 2009-10 (WNIT)

The Bulls advanced to their seventh consecutive postseason and posted a 15-16 record. 2008-09 (WNIT Champions)

The season was a season that would make people sit up and take notice, as <mask> guided the Bulls to their most successful campaign in its history. USF would register a school-record 27 wins while also finishing at least .500 (8-8) for the third time in the program’s four years in the BIG EAST Conference.The Bulls logged plenty of regular season highlights, including a second-place finish in the Paradise Jam in St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. with wins over Iowa, in overtime, and Texas Tech. The only loss during the event would come at the hands of No. 3 ranked California. USF also defeated Rutgers on the road for the first time ever, and handed DePaul a crucial setback at the end of the season. After advancing to its sixth-consecutive postseason tournament, the Bulls would make school history going 5-0 in the WNIT en route to the title. After defeating Florida Gulf Coast in overtime and Southeastern Conference foe Mississippi at home, USF would embark on a three-game, 10-day road odyssey that would begin in western New York with an 80-66 win at St. Bonaventure, then an 82-65 victory at Boston College.The Bulls would then head west to the nation’s heartland where they would hand Kansas a 75-71 loss in the WNIT finals in front of a record crowd of 16,113 at historic Phog Allen Fieldhouse, capping the best season in the program’s history. 2007-08 (WNIT)

During the campaign, the Bulls posted a 16-16 record and advanced to their fifth consecutive postseason event facing Florida Gulf Coast in the WNIT. The year didn’t go without its share of thrilling nights as the “Green and Gold” knocked off No. 25 DePaul, 78-73, and defeated Syracuse in the BIG EAST Tournament first round, 68-67 in overtime, in what was looked at as one of the event’s most exciting games. The Orange had just dropped out of the Top 25 prior to its loss to the Bulls. 2006-07 (WNIT)

<mask> once again recorded several milestones in his and the program’s history. On Dec. 28, 2006 with a 77-62 win over Vermont in the first round of the Saint Joseph’s University Hawk Classic, <mask> became the women’s basketball team’s career leader in wins surpassing former Bulls’ head coach and former Charlotte Sting leader Trudi Lacey.Later in the year, he would reach a mark that had been a long time coming when he recorded his 100th career win in the Bulls’ final win of the season, a 66-49 win over Coppin State on March 19, 2007 in the second round of the WNIT. In addition, that appearance in the WNIT was the program’s fourth straight for USF, a first for either basketball program at the school. 2005-06 (NCAA Tournament)

The 2005-06 season was the season that the Miami native etched his and his program’s name in the history books at USF. Although they fell just short of the win total of the previous year, the Bulls recorded a memorable season that was capped off by the team advancing to its first-ever NCAA Tournament. USF was seeded ninth in the Bridgeport Region and faced No. 8 seed Southern Cal at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA.

On their season-long road to “The Big Dance,” the Bulls defeated nationally ranked DePaul (79-77 OT) and Notre Dame (68-64 OT). When all the dust settled, USF boasted a 19-12 record and a 9-7 slate, which was good enough for a share of sixth place in its first year in the BIG EAST Conference.The team’s 2005-06 slate proved to be the toughest in school history. The Bulls faced eventual Final Four participants No. 7/8 North Carolina, No. 13/15 Michigan State, and No. 3/3 LSU all prior to their conference schedule, their first in the BIG EAST. 2004-05 (WNIT)

During the 2004-05 campaign, <mask> guided his program to heights never seen before at USF - at least for the time being. The Bulls recorded their best record in school history at the time (21-11) and set a new school mark for wins in a season and wins in conference play (9-5).The team also advanced to its second-consecutive postseason WNIT, which included the program’s first-ever victory with a win at home over Florida. 2003-04 (WNIT)

The Bulls recorded what was, then, the most successful season of his coaching career. The 33rd ranked class included freshmen Jessica Dickson, Nalini Miller and Rachael Sheats, along with junior college transfer Anedra Gilmore. That class also proved to pay dividends, and paid them quickly. Along with this core group of newcomers and veteran returnees, <mask> helped the Bulls advance to the postseason for the first time in school history when they faced Richmond in the first round of the Women’s National Invitation Tournament (WNIT). 2002-03

<mask> followed his original recruiting class with a group that was tabbed 40th in America as it entered the 2002-03 campaign. 2001-02

<mask>’s first Division I recruiting class - the 2001-02 class - was ranked No.36 in America by the All Star Girls Report, the highest ranked class in the history of the women’s basketball program. That class provided instant dividends for USF as the Bulls would open the 01-02 campaign 7-0 en route to their first winning season in four years (14-13) after posting a meager 4-24 ledger the previous year. In that seven-game stretch, the Bulls defeated in-state rival and then BIG EAST Conference member Miami before falling to Florida for their first loss of the year. 2000-01

<mask> was named head coach of the Bulls on Nov. 14, 2000, and despite a tough first season, <mask> began to lay the foundation for what would be the success of the current USF women’s basketball program. Prior to USF

<mask> got his start in coaching while working on his associate’s degree at Miami-Dade CC Kendall - where he earned his degree in 1991. <mask> served as a student assistant coach for the men’s basketball team and was immediately thrown into the fray with on-floor coaching, scouting, and most importantly, overseeing recruiting correspondence and getting his name out in front of coaches around the state. It was at Miami-Dade that <mask> met Cesar Odio, who not only saw his tremendous potential and hired him as a student assistant, but then promoted him to a full-time assistant coach upon his graduation in 1991.He would stay at Miami-Dade for one season (1991–92) before becoming the assistant boys’ basketball coach at Miami’s Sunset High School (1992–94). Following his two seasons at Sunset, <mask> and Odio would renew acquaintances when Odio was tabbed head men’s basketball coach at Barry University in Miami Shores, Fla. (1994–96). <mask> came along as Odio’s top assistant and immediately established himself as a coach that had a sharp eye for talent and potential. During his brief two-year stay at Barry, <mask> helped the Buccaneers to consecutive winning seasons, after the program only produced just two in the first 10 years, and a combined 34-21 record. <mask> entered the world of girls’ basketball in 1996, when he secured his first head coaching job at Miami’s Lourdes Academy. During his three seasons at Lourdes, <mask> led the Bobcats to a stellar 83-16 (.838) record and a trip to the state 5A championship game in 1998 where they finished as the runner-up. In addition to his coaching responsibilities at Lourdes, <mask> established valuable roots among Florida and high school coaches from around the nation as director and founder of the successful Miami Suns AAU program.<mask> would then break into collegiate women’s basketball when he returned to Barry for his second of two tours of duty at the school. In his second stint, he served one year (1999-00) as the top assistant coach for the Buccaneers. Although it was just one season, <mask> helped Barry record the second-most wins in the program’s history as the Buccaneers posted a 22-8 record and the program’s second-best slate ever in the Sunshine State Conference at 10-4. The team’s 22 wins that season is still just one of three 20-wins campaigns for Barry since the women’s basketball team started competing during the 1988-89 season. After graduating from Miami-Dade Kendall, <mask> earned his bachelor’s degree in physical education in 1994 from Florida International University. Along with his coaching duties at the beginning of his professional career, <mask> also taught physical education at Miami’s Coral Reef Senior High School, Southwest Senior High School and Hialeah Middle School. <mask> and his wife, Tonya, live in Tampa with their daughters, Sydnie, Alex, Taylor, Brianna and Brooke.Head Coaching Record

References

External links
 Official bio

1971 births
Living people
American women's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Florida
Florida International University alumni
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
South Florida Bulls women's basketball coaches
University of South Florida faculty

masks:
Jose Luis Fernandez
Fernandez
Jose Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Coach Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez
Fernandez


title: Rory McLeod (snooker player)

texts:
<mask> (born 26 March 1971) is a Jamaican professional snooker player. After three separate spells as a professional in the 1990s, interspersed with stints playing on the secondary Challenge Tour, <mask> spent 18 years on the main tour between 2001 and 2019, reaching his highest ranking, 32nd, in August 2011. He has reached the last 16 in ten ranking tournaments, and his most notable achievement came in 2015, when he won the minor-ranking Ruhr Open, beating Tian Pengfei 4–2 in the final. Having suffered relegation from the main tour at the end of the 2018-2019 season, <mask> spent the 2019-20 season playing on the World Seniors Tour and Challenge Tour; he regained his professional status in August 2020 at Q School. Career
After ten years on the Challenge Tour he reached the Main Tour professional ranks for the 2001/2002 season. <mask> has reached the last 16 of eight ranking tournaments. The first of these was the 2005 Grand Prix although this victory against a noticeably ill Paul Hunter was bittersweet.His best results of 2004/2005 were 2 last-48 runs, the Welsh Open run including a victory over Shaun Murphy. He narrowly missed out on a place in the last 16 of the 2007 Grand Prix, losing on frame difference in his group to Barry Hawkins. He qualified for the 2008 UK Championship by beating Jimmy White and Dave Harold where he played Ronnie O'Sullivan. He slipped 6–0 down before launching an impressive comeback by winning five consecutive frames (including three successive centuries), but ultimately lost 9–6. Later in the season he defeated Ian McCulloch to qualify for the World Championship for the first time in 2009, becoming the first black player to have done so. He faced Mark King in the first round but despite putting in a resilient performance lost 10–6. However, his performances throughout the season saw him rise to his highest ranking yet of 39.In 2009 he won the Masters Qualifying Event, beating Andrew Higginson 6–1 in the final, to earn a place at the final stages of the 2010 Masters where he lost 6–2 to Mark Williams. He followed this up by qualifying for the UK Championship, being knocked out in the first round by Neil Robertson. <mask> qualified for the World Snooker Championship for the second time in 2011, and was drawn against seeded player Ricky Walden in the first round. In a minor upset, <mask> won the match 10–6 to set up a second-round match with world No. 1 John Higgins. After the match, Walden criticised <mask>'s slow style of play, though McLeod was playing only marginally slower than Walden. <mask> responded to the criticism by arguing that Walden was more responsible for the pace of the match.<mask> was ultimately defeated by the eventual champion John Higgins 13–7 in the second round. On 1 July 2011, respected Dutch referee Jan Verhaas stated on his Twitter page that <mask> had refused to shake the hand of female snooker referee Ivy Zhu after his victory over Robert Milkins in a qualifier for the Australian Goldfields Open. Verhaas' comment read: "<mask> refused to shake female ref Ivy Zhu's hand this morning because of his muslim beliefs. You may think what you like about it...". On 22 November 2014, after losing 4–0 to Judd Trump at the Ruhr Open, <mask> again refused to shake the hand of the female referee. 2011/2012 season
<mask> qualified for the 2011 Australian Goldfields Open, and beat Peter Ebdon in the first round 5 frames to 3, before going out to Shaun Murphy in the second round. <mask> qualified for the 2011 UK Championship by beating Barry Hawkins 6–2.He was drawn against three-time UK winner John Higgins and led 4–2 before the scoreline became 5–5. In the deciding frame Higgins "" two balls, one when escaping  and <mask> would ultimately lose the match 6–5. <mask> also reached the China Open where he played Higgins in the first round again and lost 1–5. He finished the season ranked world number 38. 2012/2013 season
<mask> qualified for the Australian Goldfields Open and the China Open during the 2012–13 season. In Australia he lost 4–5 in the first round to Stephen Lee and in China he had his best run of the season, beating Hu Hao 5–1 in the wildcard round, Matthew Stevens 5–2 in the first round, before losing 3–5 to Shaun Murphy in the last 16. <mask> played in all 10 of the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship events, with his best finish coming at the fifth European Tour Event, where he was whitewashed 0–4 by John Higgins in the quarter-finals.He finished 36th on the PTC Order of Merit, outside of the top 26 who qualified for the Finals. <mask> ended the season by losing 9–10 to Sam Baird in the third round of World Championship Qualifying, to be placed at number 45 in the world rankings. 2013/2014 season
<mask> lost 5–3 to Mark King in the first round of the 2013 Wuxi Classic and 5–2 to Robert Milkins in the second round of the Australian Goldfields Open to start the 2013–14 season. He qualified for three other Chinese ranking events during the year, losing in the first round of the International Championship and China Open. At the World Open, <mask> came through a wildcard round match against Zhao Xintong and then narrowly beat Tom Ford 5–4, before world number one Neil Robertson knocked him out 5–1. 2014/2015 season
<mask> was beaten 5–4 by Michael Holt after having been 4–2 ahead in the first round of the 2014 Wuxi Classic. He defeated Lee Walker, Andrew Pagett and Ken Doherty on his way to qualifying for the Australian Goldfields Open and lost 5–2 to Judd Trump in the opening round.<mask> failed to qualify for the next two ranking events, before knocking out Ian Burns 6–2 and Zhang Anda 6–5 at the UK Championship. His second last 32 match of the season went into the early hours and it was Matthew Selt who ended <mask>'s tournament with a 6–4 win. <mask> met Ronnie O'Sullivan in the second round of the Welsh Open after seeing off Andrew Pagett 4–2. He led 2–0, before O'Sullivan won four unanswered frames. The final ranking event <mask> could qualify for this year was the Indian Open where he lost 4–1 to Ricky Walden in the first round. <mask> kept a hold of his tour place at the end of the season as he was the world number 62, just inside the top 64 who remain. There was some controversy during the Welsh Open due to his Isis Business Solutions sponsorship badge.The logo worn by <mask> consisted of the word `ISIS' in large letters and a small-print URL underneath. Some viewers thought he was sponsored by, or demonstrating support for, the Islamic State. 2015/2016 season
<mask> began 2015–16 by playing in the Australian Goldfields Open, where he beat Nigel Bond 5–2 before losing 5–4 to Jack Lisowski in the last 64. He progressed to the last 16 at the next event, the Riga Open, overcoming German amateur Roman Dietzel 4–1, Irishman Fergal O'Brien 4–0 and Hammad Miah 4–2, but lost at this stage 4–2 to eventual finalist Tom Ford. He reached the last 48 at the Shanghai Masters, losing to Alan McManus, and was eliminated in the first round of the International Championship, 6–1 by Daniel Wells. However, at the Ruhr Open, <mask> defeated Craig Steadman, Jamie Jones, Mark King, Ben Woollaston, Mark Davis and the resurgent Mike Dunn to reach the final of an event carrying ranking points for the first time in his career, 24 years after making his professional debut. There, he faced China's Tian Pengfei, whom he defeated 4–2 to win his second professional title.The €25,000 winner's prize is the highest amount he has earned from a single tournament in his career. It also gained him entry to the Champion of Champions for the first time, but he was thrashed 4–0 by Neil Robertson in the opening round. After <mask> lost 6–5 to Jamie Cope in the UK Championship first round he said that he had not felt like the same person since his tournament win. Another first round deciding frame defeat came in the German Masters to Kyren Wilson and <mask> also lost in the second round of the Welsh Open 4–1 to Judd Trump. His debut appearance at the PTC Finals ended at the first hurdle as Dunn beat him 4–1. <mask> did reach the third round of the China Open by knocking out Mitchell Mann 5–0 and Dunn 5–2, but lost 5–1 to Alfie Burden. 2016/2017 season
<mask> lost in the last 32 of the Riga Masters and Indian Open 4–1 to Anthony McGill and 4–2 to Barry Hawkins.It took until the penultimate ranking event of the season to reach the same stage again when he beat Liang Wenbo 5–2 and Mike Dunn 5–3 at the China Open. He was defeated 5–3 by Hossein Vafaei in the last 16. A pair of 10–7 victories over Darryl Hill and Sydney Wilson moved <mask> one win away from qualifying for the World Championship and he took the first seven frames against Hammad Miah. Miah then rallied to be 7–6 down, but <mask> would win 10–7. At the Crucible he drew Judd Trump, a man who went into the tournament proclaiming that "I honestly believe I can play to a standard which is very rare nowadays," and that he was "the best" in the world. He won the first four frames, but <mask>, at 46 the oldest player in the event, responded brilliantly to take a 5–4 lead. <mask> went on to claim a famous 10–8 victory against a player ranked 52 places above him in the rankings and said it was the biggest win of his career.He lost 13–3 to Stephen Maguire in the second round with a session to spare and said the hype from his win over Trump had distracted him. 2018/2019 season
At the UK Championship in December 2018, an impressive stun shot won <mask> the BBC Shot of the Championship. After being on tour for 18 consecutive years, he dropped off the tour after failing to qualify through Q-School. 2020/2021 season
In August 2020 he returned to the pro tour after qualifying through Q-School. Personal life
<mask> is of Jamaican parentage. He was born in Wellingborough, Northamptonshire, where he attended Victoria Junior School, Westfield Boys School and Sir Christopher Hatton School. He first played snooker seriously at the Embassy Club, Wellingborough, in his early teens, but was also a talented schoolboy footballer.Outside of snooker he has worked as a pub landlord and a barber. <mask>, who became Muslim in 2003, lives in Leicester. He also spent time living in Qatar, where he coached their national snooker team. Performance and rankings timeline

Career finals

Minor-ranking finals: 1 (1 title)

Non-ranking finals: 2 (1 title)

Pro-am finals: 1 (1 title)

Amateur finals: 1

References

External links
<mask> at worldsnooker.com

English snooker players
English people of Jamaican descent
Living people
People from Wellingborough
Black British sportspeople
1971 births
Converts to Islam
English Muslims

masks:
Rory McLeod
McLeod
McLeod
McLeod
McLeod
McLeod
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McLeod
Rory McLeod
McLeod
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Rory McLeod


title: Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (December 10, 1872 – June 22, 1955, birth name <mask>) was a pioneering American technology engineer, inventor and entrepreneur. His early innovations in large-capacity electrical switches, including the 1000lb. 287Kv disconnecting switch, were important in the  spread of electrification on the West Coast of the United States during the 1910s-1920s, and became essential to the New Deal's mass-scale rural electrification efforts in the 1930s. <mask> was an 1896 graduate of the engineering program at MIT in Boston, the region of the United States was the center of innovation in and promulgation of electrification, which was primarily oriented towards centralized urban office/industrial use. <mask>, however, was born and bred in the San Francisco bay area of California, and his mass electrification innovations were put into use in that geographically spread out region first, allowing for the building of an  electrical grid that would spawn a decentralized regional culture of technological innovation; a region eventually recognized as Silicon Valley. <mask> leveraged his many patents in business as the founder of San Francisco's Bowie Switch Company, located in the waterfront Dogpatch district. The Bowie Switch Company would directly supply and implement his large-capacity switches for the San Francisco metro area, Hoover Dam, and Grand Coulee Dam, among many others; and during World War II the company expanded in order to produce switches for the U.S. war effort.More a businessman and inventor than an academic, <mask>'s relative paucity of published writing outside electrical engineering journals (and his extensive legacy of patents) kept him largely unheralded outside electrical engineering circles following his death in 1955, despite his pivotal role in mass-scale electrification of the western United States and the bay area/Silicon Valley in particular. Early life and Family

<mask> <mask> was born in San Francisco, California, and generally referred to himself as <mask> <mask>. He was the grandson of Dr. <mask> <mask> (Oct. 23, 1815 – July 6, 1887),  a descendant of the  revolutionary period Scottish loyalist and Maryland plantation owner <mask>. Dr. <mask> came to San Francisco  in April 1849, lured by the booming economy of the California Gold Rush. An experienced orthopedic surgeon with the U.S. Navy as early as 1837, he set up a private practice in downtown San Francisco in 1851 and soon occupied a prominent place among San Francisco's arriviste elite. Named first surgeon at St. Mary's hospital in 1861 then Chair of Surgery in the Medical Department of the University of the Pacific in 1863, he was named to the then-new board of UC Regents in 1876. However, like his grandson <mask> III, Dr. <mask>'s lack of an academic publishing record kept him relatively under-recognized in historic terms.<mask> <mask> III's father, <mask> <mask> (1845–1917) was Dr. <mask>'s son, and was known as <mask> <mask>. (as his own son would be later). In 1863, <mask> <mask> II received the first Bachelor of Arts degree to be awarded by San Francisco's St. Ignatius College, then went to Europe, receovog  received a doctorate in engineering at Heidelberg University He returned to San Francisco with his German fiancée, Eliza Friedlander, and married her there in 1870. An experienced and widely published geologist, hydrologist, and mining engineer, <mask> wrote treatises on mining in the Sierra and irrigation in the Central Valley that are still found in print, including the seminal ''A Practical Treatise on Hydraulic Mining in California'' (pub. 1885, i online at internet archive). <mask> II and Eliza Friedlander's's eldest son was <mask> <mask> (born in San Francisco in 1872),. Education

Like his father, <mask> <mask> III studied at Saint Ignatius College (now the University of San Francisco), following which he went east and entered Harvard College, graduating with honors and an A.B. in Mathematics in 1893.<mask>'s coming of age and intellectual interests coincided with the biggest technological shift of the early 20th century – electrification. The locus of innovation in and promulgation of electrification in the United States was in the northeast, where the major players of this tech revolution were Joseph Swan, Thomas A. Edison, Nikola Tesla, and numerous others. After Harvard, <mask> developed a strong interest in electrification and  stayed in the Northeast,  to pursue an S.B. in Electrical and Mechanical Engineering MIT. in 1896 he got. In his ensuing engineering and business career, <mask> would generally identify himself by the same title as his father, <mask> <mask>. This was the name under which he would also patent his  inventions and eventually establish his business.Early Career and Patents

At some point following his graduation from MIT in 1896, A.J<mask> III returned to California and took up residence in Sacramento, where he found work as an engineer with the Sacramento Electric, Gas and Railroad Company. <mask> was back in San Francisco by early 1906, where he filed his first patent application: a sophisticated electrical switch that would cleanly create a break in an electrical circuit, dramatically reducing the risk of damage to the electrical apparatus and/or the potential electrocution of the user. Only rudimentary means for such technology had existed up until this time. Between this start in 1906 and the 1920s, <mask> was busy inventing and patenting products that helped lay the groundwork for this wider-scale electrification, the majority of which were new designs that vastly improved the safety, efficiency, and capacity of electrical current transmission. Among the most important of these patents are:

US 1110374 A: Filed 23 Jan. 1906, pub. 15 Sept. 1914, Electrical Switch.US 982789 A: Filed 18 Apr. 1907, pub. 31 Jan. 1911, Electromagnetic Power Transmitting Mechanism. Power transmission mechanism comprising a positively driven primary element mounted on a rotatable main shaft, and a sec ondary element mounted on a rotatable counter-shaft, out of alignment with the main shaft and driven therefrom, said primary and secondary elements forming an electromagnetic inductive system involving a magnet having an air gap, and an energizing coil for said magnet, and an electric conductor interposed in said air gap. --Journal of Electricity, Power, and Gas, Jan-June 1911

US 1230372 A: Filed 9 Dec. 1909, pub. 19 Jun. 1917, Electric Switch.US 1168595 A: Filed 26 Feb. 1910, pub. 18 Jan 1916, Lightning-Arrester. US 1287851 A: Filed 12 Mar. 1914, pub. 17 Dec 1918, Electric-energy converter and meter. Bowie Switch Company and Electrification

While George Roe's California Electric Light Company had commenced electrification operations in San Francisco in 1879, with a capacity to light 21 lights, San Francisco did not realize a significant, widely available electrical capacity until over four decades later; partially as a result of the infrastructural devastation wrought by the earthquake of 1906. Demand for electricity, however, continued to grow exponentially.In 1920, the California Electric Light Company hosted hundreds of people (who were lined up around the block) in a showcase of the first all-electric model home, replete with dozens of new appliances that required electricity to function – electricity that was still not available in many parts of California, particularly rural areas and outlying suburbs. With the patents he created in the first two decades of the twentieth century, <mask> III was poised to leverage the market potential of demand for electricity as electrification took full force. His eponymously named Bowie Switch Company had been successfully marketing his inventions since at least 1913 and operated a facility at 18th and Folsom Streets in San Francisco, and in 1926 the company moved to a newly built factory at 815 Tennessee Street in the Dogpatch neighborhood of San Francisco. The Bowie Switch Company building, a brick-faced classic revival style structure in the utilitarian tradition, was designed by noted Swedish architect August J. Nordin, designer of the historic landmark Swedish American Hall on upper Market Street. Built to integrate production with the newly emergent long-haul trucking industry, the Bowie Switch Company building was well-positioned to distribute its products to locales both local and national, including in rural areas that were not serviced by existing rail transport networks. This broad distributive capacity, combined with rapidly increasing demand for electrification, would prove to be instrumental in positioning the Bowie Switch Company squarely in the center of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration's efforts in the Rural Electrification Act and related major public works in the American West during the 1930s, including designing switches for the unprecedented amount of hydropower being generated by the newly built Boulder and Grand Coulee Dams

WPA Hydropower Projects (Boulder and Grand Coulee dams)

Electrification in the United States' urban centers became standard during the 1920s and early 1930s, while rural and suburban electrification remained largely unrealized. This was in part due to U.S. political dynamics that discouraged the use of public funds for major infrastructure projects in favor of private development, and as rural electrification was yet to be proven a profitable endeavor private enterprise ventures were unconvinced of its viability.However, while the Great Depression was in full swing, the early 1930s saw the initiation of new, publicly funded programs under President Franklin D. Roosevelt to support electrification in rural America where there was both great need and great poverty. This activity culminated in a new WPA program, the Rural Electrification Act of 1935, which extended the electrification wave beyond urban centers and across the continental United States. The major infrastructural expansion of electrical capacity from these programs increased demand for <mask>'s products, and placed his company into an important position as a government contractor. As the 1930s began, low-voltage (2300 volt) electrical distribution systems were the standard, and they could only carry electricity about four miles before voltage drop rendered the remaining current useless for standard domestic applications. To increase the viability of high-voltage current carriage to rural and suburban areas (including outlying regions of Bowie's Bay Area home such as San Jose, Gilroy, Mountain View, Martinez, etc. ), innovative (and often expensive) higher-voltage systems were needed to handle capacity for lines that would carry power over 40 miles from a station. For these new high-voltage systems, as well as centralized hydropower projects that generated unprecedented amounts of electrical current, the potential for injuries, explosions, and destruction of equipment was very high, so new high-capacity switches were required to be able to manage the power effectively and safely – the Bowie Switch Company was a locus for innovation and implementation of these switches, and the company kept very busy during the 1930s.One of Bowie's greatest achievements during this period were the innovative 287,000 volt (287kv) disconnecting switches, which at the time and for many years thereafter were by far the world's largest (in mass and capacity) and weighed over 1000 pounds each. These switches were designed for the enormous quantity of power generated by Hoover Dam and Grand Coulee Dam, and were the only way to safely regulate the flow of electricity from the harsh environmental surroundings of their generation sites through power lines that had the capacity to carry electricity over 250 miles to urban, rural, and newly developing suburban areas. World War II and Post-War

When the U.S. entered into World War II in 1941, the war effort further increased the demand for Bowie's products in both military and civilian capacities, particularly for the high voltage and safety controls (disconnecting switches) needed in the industrial-scale production of military goods, vehicles, weapons, and ships. In 1942 the Bowie Switch Co. added an assembly facility to the east, increasing the company's ability to manufacture goods at the scale and speed required by the military. On August 19, 1944, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9466, which directed the Secretary of the Navy "to take possession of and operate the plants and facilities of certain machine shop companies" in San Francisco, one of the 99 temporarily nationalized industries was the Bowie Switch Company of San Francisco. While the managerial structure and employees of the Bowie Switch Company remained intact during this time, the company exclusively produced products to aid the war effort. Soon after the war's conclusion in 1945, the Bowie Switch Company (along with other temporarily nationalized industries) was brought back to full private control under A.J.<mask> (A.J. Bowie III). However, by the end of the year Bowie sold Bowie Switch Company to the A.B. Chance Company of Moberly, Missouri; a sale which had been pending since 1941. At the time of sale in December 1945, the Bowie Switch Company employed approximately 70–100 people, and after the sale Bowie was kept on as a consulting engineer. World War II turned out to have been the apogee of the Bowie Switch Company, but under the ownership of A.B. Chance, it continued to produce electrical products until 1960 before ceasing operations.Legacy
<mask> <mask>. (AKA <mask> <mask>) was one of the San Francisco Bay Area's earliest technology pioneers, and his invention, marketing, and production of groundbreaking disconnecting switch technology was a key component in the spread of electrification outside city centers on the American west coast. The early development of this capacity would prove to have a lasting impact in the rural areas of the state and the sprawling, decentralized DIY technology laboratory of the bay area suburbs that would eventually become known as Silicon Valley – a metaphorically appropriate outcome, given that the binary code underlying all digital technology is based on a series of switches. As noted earlier, <mask> was highly regarded and very influential in electrical engineering circles and was sought-after by planners as a top-flight engineer, but he was much more a businessman than an academic and was little-known outside his profession due to a relative lack of published materials (besides several articles in electrical engineering journals and his numerous patents). In 1913, <mask> married his close friend Esther Donnelly (who already had a six-year-old child); however, the couple had no children of their own and divorced in 1918. <mask> Jr. (III) never remarried, and died on June 22, 1955, in Children's Hospital San Francisco at the age of 82. He is buried in Colma, California. References

1872 births
1955 deaths
Silicon Valley people
Businesspeople from San Francisco
American electrical engineers
19th-century American inventors
University of San Francisco alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Harvard College alumni
Engineers from California

masks:
Augustus Jesse Bowie Jr
Augustus Jesse Bowie III
Bowie
Bowie
Bowie
Bowie
Augustus Jesse
Bowie III
Augustus Jesse
Bowie Jr
Augustus Jesse
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John Bowie
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AJ Bowie
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Augustus Jesse
Bowie II
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Augustus Jesse
Bowie Jr
Augustus Jesse
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Bowie II
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Augustus Jesse
Bowie III
Augustus Jesse
Bowie
Bowie
Bowie III
Bowie III
Augustus Jesse
Bowie Jr
. Bowie
Bowie
Bowie
AJ Bowie
Bowie III
Bowie Jr
Augustus Jesse
Bowie Jr
Augustus Jesse
Bowie III
Bowie
Bowie
AJ Bowie


title: Matthew Whitaker

texts:
<mask> (born October 29, 1969) is an American lawyer, lobbyist and politician who served as the acting United States Attorney General from November 7, 2018, to February 14, 2019. He was appointed to that position by President Donald Trump after Jeff Sessions resigned at Trump's request. Whitaker had previously served as Chief of Staff to Sessions from October 2017 to November 2018. While attending the University of Iowa, Whitaker played tight end for the University of Iowa Hawkeyes football team, including in the 1991 Rose Bowl. In 2002, <mask> was the candidate of the Republican Party for Treasurer of Iowa. From 2004 to 2009, he served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, where he was known for aggressively prosecuting drug traffickers. <mask> ran in the 2014 Iowa Republican primary for the United States Senate.He later wrote opinion pieces and appeared on talk-radio shows and cable news as the executive director of the Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust (FACT), a conservative advocacy group. On December 7, 2018, Trump nominated William Barr for Attorney General. The legality of <mask>'s appointment as acting U.S. Attorney General was challenged in multiple lawsuits, and questioned by legal scholars, commentators, and politicians. On February 15, 2019, after Barr was sworn in on the previous day, <mask> became a senior counselor in the Office of the Associate Attorney General; he resigned from the Justice Department on March 2, 2019. After leaving the Justice Department, <mask> became a guest on news and analysis shows, and was affiliated with the law firm of Graves Garrett. In August 2019, he became a managing director at Axiom Strategies and Clout Public Affairs. Early life, education, and college football career
<mask> <mask> was born in Des Moines, Iowa, on October 29, 1969.He graduated from Ankeny High School, where he was a football star. He was inducted into the Iowa High School Football Hall of Fame in 2009. <mask> attended the University of Iowa, receiving a bachelor's degree in communications in 1991 and Master of Business Administration and Juris Doctor degrees in 1995. As an undergraduate between 1990 and 1992, <mask> was the backup tight end for the University of Iowa Hawkeyes football team under coach Hayden Fry, including the 1991 Rose Bowl the Hawkeyes lost to the Washington Huskies. Whitaker played in 33 games, including two bowl games, and made 21 receptions for a total of 203 yards, scoring two touchdowns. In 1993, he received the Big Ten Medal of Honor for proficiency in scholarship and athletics awarded each year to one male and one female student-athlete at each Big Ten Conference school. Whitaker graduated from college in three-and-a-half years, and played his last season of football while attending law school.Throughout his career, <mask> had stated that he was an Academic All-American in college. A December 2018 investigation by the Wall Street Journal found that he was not. He was sponsor GTE's 1992 GTE District VII Academic All-District selection; an Iowa football guide erroneously referred to the honor as GTE District VII Academic All-American. A spokeswoman for College Sports Information Directors of America (CoSIDA) said CoSIDA was less formally organized in the 1990s and "We know that people over time use terms interchangeably and innocently." Career
After graduating from law school, <mask> lived in Minneapolis, Minnesota from 1995 to 2001, before moving back to Iowa. Private practice and business and political activities (1995–2004)
<mask> worked for a number of regional law firms, including Briggs & Morgan (Minneapolis) and Finley Alt Smith (Des Moines), and he was corporate counsel for national grocery store chain SuperValu in Minneapolis. He also owned or co-owned a trailer manufacturing company from 2002 to 2005 and a day-care center from 2003 to 2015.In 2003, <mask> and a partner co-founded Buy the Yard Concrete, based at <mask>'s home in Urbandale, Iowa. In 2005, the company and Whitaker were sued in Nevada for $12,000 in unpaid rental fees for supplies and equipment related to a concrete project in Las Vegas. The lawsuit was settled out of court. <mask> ran as a Republican for Treasurer of Iowa in 2002, losing to incumbent Democrat Michael Fitzgerald by 55% to 43%. United States Attorney

Iowa Senator Chuck Grassley recommended <mask> as one of three attorneys suggested to President George W. Bush for the position of United States Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa. In February 2004, Bush nominated <mask> to the position,  despite assertions that Whitaker lacked relevant legal experience. Senate Democrats objecting to Bush nominees held up the nomination for four months before <mask> was confirmed on June 15, 2004.In his first year in office, <mask> issued a record 500 indictments, more than half of which were drug prosecutions, mainly related to trafficking of methamphetamine. In July 2005, <mask> joined neighboring U.S. Attorneys Michael Heavican and Charles Larson Sr. in issuing a warning that persons crossing state lines to obtain pseudoephedrine, a methamphetamine ingredient, could be prosecuted in federal court. As U.S. Attorney, Whitaker sought stringent sentences for individuals charged with drug crimes. One case involved a woman who had two prior nonviolent drug convictions and was informed by <mask>'s office that, as a third-time offender, her sentence could be enhanced to a mandatory life sentence unless she agreed to a plea deal of 21 to 27 years in prison. She agreed to the plea bargain. Federal Judge Robert W. Pratt said in 2016 that the prosecutors in the case had misused their authority, forcing him to impose a sentence "'disproportionate' to her crime," and urged President Obama to grant clemency.Obama commuted her sentence, after she had served 11 years in prison. Whitaker also served on the regional anti-terrorism task force, which examined both international and domestic threats, and focused on prosecuting child pornography and violent crimes against children. From 2005 to 2007, <mask>'s office, together with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, investigated and unsuccessfully prosecuted Iowa State Sen. Matt McCoy on charges of attempting to extort $2,000 in envelopes of cash. A columnist for The Des Moines Register said that the case "... was based on the word of a man former associates depicted as a drug user, a deadbeat and an abuser of women; a man so shady even his Alcoholics Anonymous sponsors called him 'a pathological liar.'" The jury reached a verdict of "not guilty" within two hours. In 2007, <mask> also led the investigation of four executives of the Central Iowa Employment and Training Consortium (CIETC), a Des Moines-based job training agency, who were accused of collectively stealing more than two million dollars from the agency over a three-year period. The alleged ringleader, CIETC CEO Ramona Cunningham, plead guilty on June 30, 2008.<mask> resigned in November 2009 following the Senate confirmation of his replacement, Nicholas A. Klinefeldt, who was nominated by President Obama. Private practice and business and political activities (2009–2017)
From 2009 to 2017, <mask>ker Hagenow & Gustoff LLP (later Hagenow & Gustoff LLP) in Des Moines, Iowa. In 2011, <mask> applied for an appointment to the Iowa Supreme Court but was not among the finalists whose names were submitted to the governor for selection for one of the three open seats. In 2011, he co-founded Whitaker Strategy Group, a lobbying and consulting firm. In 2012, <mask> and two partners invested, under a venture named MEM Investment, in the purchase and development of an affordable-housing apartment building in Des Moines. In 2014, <mask>'s partners left this partnership, and by spring of 2016, the company was unable to complete the renovations on time, and the city terminated the loan agreement. The building was then sold and completed by another contractor.<mask> was a candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2014 United States Senate election in Iowa. He came in fourth in the Republican primary, with 11,909 votes (7.54%). <mask> then chaired the campaign of Sam Clovis, another unsuccessful primary candidate who had been selected to run for Iowa State Treasurer. Clovis lost in the November 2014 general election. World Patent Marketing

From 2014 to 2017, <mask> served on the advisory board of World Patent Marketing (WPM), a Florida-based company billed as an invention promotion firm. According to an FBI investigation, the advisory board members never met. In a 2014 statement <mask> publicly vouched for WPM, claiming they went "beyond making statements about doing business 'ethically' and translate[d] those words into action".The company contributed to <mask>'s 2014 U.S. Senate campaign, and over the three-year period from 2014 and 2017 paid <mask> less than $17,000 for work performed. Some customers accused the company of using <mask>'s background as a U.S. Attorney to threaten them. In one 2015 email mentioning his background as a former federal prosecutor, <mask> told a customer that filing a complaint with the Better Business Bureau or "smearing" the company online could result in "serious civil and criminal consequences". The owner of Ripoff Report told The Wall Street Journal that <mask> had called him in 2015 demanding his website take down negative reports about WPM, alleging, "He threatened to ruin my business if I didn't remove the reports. He [said he] would have the government shut me down under some homeland security law". The company was later determined to have engaged in deceptive practices. In 2017, FTC investigators examined whether <mask> had played any role in making threats of legal action to silence the company's critics.<mask> rebuffed an FTC subpoena for records in October 2017, shortly after he had joined the Department of Justice. After <mask>'s appointment in the Department of Justice in September 2017, White House and senior Justice Department officials were reportedly surprised to learn of <mask>'s connection to the company. A spokesperson for <mask> said that he was not aware of the company's fraud, and the court receiver in the case, Jonathan Perlman, stated he had "no reason to believe that [<mask>] knew of any of the wrongdoing." Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust
From October 2014 to September 2017, <mask> was the executive director of the Foundation for Accountability and Civic Trust (FACT); he was the organization's only full-time employee in 2015 and 2016. FACT, founded in late 2014, is a conservative nonprofit organization specializing in legal and ethical issues related to politics. The group was backed by $1 million in seed money from conservative donors, whom Whitaker declined to identify to the media. According to the organization's first tax return, its funding — $600,000 in 2014 — came from a conservative donor-advised fund called Donors Trust, a pass-through vehicle that allows donors to remain anonymous.From its creation in 2014 through 2018, FACT reported contributions of $3.5 million on its tax filings; as a 501(c)(3) organization, it did not disclose its donors. The group's largest single expense was <mask>'s salary; <mask> collected $1.2 million from the group over four years, making it the overwhelming source of his income from 2016 onward. While <mask> was the head of FACT, the organization had a special focus on the Hillary Clinton email controversy and perceived favoritism in the business dealings of Clinton. Despite claiming to be nonpartisan, the organization called for ethics investigations into or filed complaints for more than 40 different Democratic politicians, officials, and organizations, compared to only a few Republicans. FACT was characterized by CNN reporter Drew Griffin as using "the legal system as a political weapon", and it was reported that an unnamed source described as a "GOP operative" had characterized the organization as a "chop shop of fake ethics complaints". During his time at FACT, <mask> wrote opinion pieces that appeared in USA Today and the Washington Examiner, and he appeared regularly on conservative talk-radio shows and cable news. CNN contributor
For four months, from June to September 2017, <mask> was a CNN contributor.One month prior to joining the Justice Department, he wrote an opinion column for CNN titled "Mueller's Investigation of Trump is Going Too Far". He retweeted a link to an article that stated that Mueller's investigation was a "lynch mob", that it should be limited, and that it should not probe into Trump's finances. Trump administration

Department of Justice Chief of Staff
On September 22, 2017, a Justice Department official announced that Sessions was appointing <mask> to replace Jody Hunt as his chief of staff. George J. Terwilliger III, a former U.S. attorney and deputy attorney general, said in his role as chief of staff, Whitaker would have dealt daily with making "substantive choices about what is important to bring to the AG". As Chief of Staff, <mask> discussed with and transmitted to U.S. Attorney for Utah John W. Huber a letter from Sessions regarding investigating former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton at Trump's request. While the Justice Department denied the letter existed in response to a FOIA request filed by watchdog group American Oversight, it later retracted the denial and made public an email from Whitaker to Huber about the investigation and attaching Sessions' letter. Acting Attorney General
With the resignation of Sessions on November 7, 2018, <mask> was appointed to serve as Acting Attorney General under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998.In that position, he directly supervised Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation, which had previously been supervised by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein in his role as Acting Attorney General, due to the recusal of Attorney General Jeff Sessions. In January 2019, <mask> along with Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross, and FBI Director Christopher A. Wray announced 23 criminal charges against Chinese technology giant Huawei and its CFO Meng Wanzhou, including financial fraud, money laundering, conspiracy to defraud the United States, theft of trade secret technology, providing bonuses to workers who stole confidential information from companies around the world, wire fraud, obstruction of justice and sanctions violations. In late 2018, he rejected a request from U.S. Attorney Geoffrey Berman to file criminal charges against Halkbank, the largest state-owned bank

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Matthew George Whitaker
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Matthew George
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