title: Denny McLain

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<mask> (born March 29, 1944) is an American former professional baseball player. He was a pitcher in Major League Baseball for ten seasons, most notably for the Detroit Tigers. In 1968, McLain became the most recent Major League Baseball pitcher to win 30 or more games during a season (with a record of 31–6) — a feat accomplished by only 11 players in the 20th century. As a player, McLain was brash and outspoken, sometimes creating controversy by criticizing teammates and fans with little provocation. His stellar performance at the beginning of his major league career included two Cy Young awards and an American League MVP award. His success in baseball stood in marked contrast to his personal life; he associated with organized crime and was eventually convicted on charges of embezzlement, for which he served time in prison. Professional playing career

The rise to stardom
<mask> was born in Markham, Illinois, and attended Mt.Carmel High School in Chicago, where he played on the baseball team as a shortstop and pitcher. As a teenager he met his future wife, Sharyn Boudreau, the daughter of major league player Lou Boudreau. <mask> was also musically talented, learning to play the organ from his father. Upon his graduation from high school in June 1962, McLain was signed by the Chicago White Sox as an amateur free agent, and was assigned to play with the Harlan Smokies of the Appalachian League. <mask> had a spectacular performance in his minor league professional baseball debut, throwing a no-hitter and striking out 16 batters in a game against the Salem Rebels on June 28. After just two games with the Smokies, he was promoted to the Clinton C-Sox of the Midwest League, where he posted a record of four wins and seven losses. At the time, players with one year of service in the minor leagues were subject to a draft if they were not called up to the major leagues.The White Sox left <mask> in the minor leagues, and he was selected off waivers by the Detroit Tigers on April 8, 1963. He progressed swiftly through the Tigers' minor league system, jumping from Class A Duluth-Superior to Class AA Knoxville during the summer. The Tigers saw enough promise that they decided to advance him all the way from Class AA to the majors, and he made his major league debut on September 21, 1963 at the age of 19. His debut against the Chicago White Sox was almost as impressive as his minor-league debut, holding the White Sox to one earned run on seven hits. He also picked off two baserunners and hit a home run, which was the only home run of his major-league career. <mask> is one of only six teenaged pitchers to hit a major-league home run since 1920, a list that includes Hall-of-Famers Don Drysdale and Jim Palmer. <mask> began the 1964 season with the Syracuse Chiefs of the International League, but was called back to the major leagues in early June and ended the season with a won-loss record of 4–5.He then played for the Mayagüez Indians in the Puerto Rico Baseball League, where he posted a 13–2 record and helped the Indians win the league championship. He was called back to the majors in 1965 and continued to pitch well for the Tigers. On June 15, <mask> set a major-league record for relief pitchers, when he struck out the first seven batters he faced after entering the game in the first inning to relieve starting pitcher Dave Wickersham. He ended the season with a 16–6 record, a 2.61 earned run average, and 192 strikeouts, the third-highest strikeout total in the American League behind Sam McDowell and teammate Mickey Lolich. Although he had a curveball and a changeup, he relied mostly on his fastball to get batters out. In 1966, <mask> had a 13–4 mid-season record and earned the role of American League starting pitcher in the 1966 All-Star Game, where he threw just 28 pitches to retire all nine batters that he faced. He finished the season with a 20–14 record with a 3.92 earned run average.In 1967, the Tigers hired former major-league pitcher Johnny Sain as their pitching coach. Sain helped develop <mask>'s pitching skills and taught him the psychology of pitching. The 1967 season was memorable due to the tight four-way pennant race between the Tigers, the Boston Red Sox, the Minnesota Twins, and the Chicago White Sox. <mask> finished with a 17–16 record and a 3.79 earned run average but was winless after August 29. On September 18, <mask> reported that he had severely injured two toes on his left foot, saying that he had stubbed them after his foot had fallen asleep. Going into the final game of the season against the California Angels, the Tigers needed a victory to force a one-game playoff with the Red Sox for the American League pennant. <mask> pitched ineffectively in the final game and the Tigers lost to finish the season one game behind the Red Sox.The year of the pitcher
Ten games into the 1968 season, the Tigers were in first place, having won nine consecutive games after losing the opener. <mask> made controversial statements in early May by criticizing Detroit fans for being "the biggest front-running fans in the world." He continued to win games at a remarkable pace, registering his 29th victory on September 10. On September 13, he appeared on the cover of Time. On September 14 at Tiger Stadium, <mask> pitched the Tigers to a 5–4 victory over the Oakland Athletics in front of a nationally televised audience to become Major League Baseball's first 30-game winner since 1934. Dizzy Dean, the previous 30-game winner, was on hand to congratulate him. After the Tigers had clinched the 1968 American League pennant, <mask> added to his penchant for notoriety while pitching his 31st and final regular season victory in a game against the Yankees on September 19.<mask> had grown up idolizing New York Yankee center fielder Mickey Mantle, who entered the game tied with Jimmie Foxx for third place in the major-league career home runs list. When Mantle—who was nine days away from his last major league appearance—came to bat in the eighth inning with the Tigers leading 6–1, <mask> intentionally threw a soft pitch directly over home plate. Other accounts said that he called catcher Jim Price to the mound and had him tell Mantle that he would be throwing only fastballs. Mantle hit the pitch for his 535th career home run (the penultimate home run Mantle would hit in his career), putting him in sole possession of third place on the all-time home run list, behind only Babe Ruth and Willie Mays. As Mantle ran around the bases, <mask> stood on the pitcher's mound and applauded. Mantle tipped his hat to <mask> as he rounded the bases. The next batter, Joe Pepitone, waved his bat over the plate, as if asking for an easy pitch of his own.<mask> responded by throwing the next pitch over Pepitone's head. After the game, <mask> smilingly denied that he had served up an easy pitch for Mantle to hit; however, he was later reprimanded by Major League Baseball Commissioner William Eckert. <mask> completed a 31–6 record along with a 1.96 earned run average, as the Tigers won the American League pennant by 12 games. He had 280 strikeouts and 63 walks, giving him a 4.44 K:BB ratio, a Tigers season record that stood until 2016, when it was eclipsed by Justin Verlander. <mask> also earned his second All-Star berth and won the 1968 American League Cy Young Award, as well as the American League Most Valuable Player Award, the first by an American League pitcher since Bobby Shantz in 1952 and the first by a Tiger since fellow pitcher Hal Newhouser's back-to-back honors in 1944 and 1945. He was the first pitcher in American League history to win the Most Valuable Player Award and the Cy Young Award in the same season. St. Louis Cardinal Bob Gibson won the National League's Most Valuable Player Award that same year, making 1968 the only season to date in which a pitcher won the MVP Award in both leagues.<mask>'s performance in the Tigers' 1968 World Series triumph over the Cardinals was not as impressive as his regular season. Having already pitched 336 innings and 28 complete games during the regular season, a sore-armed <mask> lost twice to Gibson (including a still-standing World Series record 17-strikeout performance in the opener) to help put the Tigers down three games to one. Trailing three games to two, <mask> won the crucial Game 6 on just two days' rest, aided by a grand slam home run from Jim Northrup. Teammate Mickey Lolich won three games during the series, including a complete-game triumph in Game 7 against Gibson, and won the World Series MVP award. After the season, when <mask> was asked about Lolich's performance in the World Series, he responded controversially by saying: "I wouldn't trade one Bob Gibson for 12 Mickey Loliches." The season became known as the "Year of the Pitcher", with batting averages and run production dropping in both leagues. After the record home-run year by Roger Maris in 1961, the major leagues increased the size of the strike zone from the top of the batter's shoulders to the bottom of the knees.Pitchers such as <mask> and Gibson among others dominated hitters, producing 339 shutouts in 1968. Carl Yastrzemski was the only American League hitter to finish the season with a batting average higher than .300. In the National League, Gibson posted a 1.12 earned run average, the lowest in 54 years, while Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Don Drysdale threw a record  consecutive scoreless innings during the 1968 season. As a result of the dropping offensive statistics, Major League Baseball took steps to reduce the advantage held by pitchers by lowering the height of the pitcher's mound from 15 inches to 10, and by reducing the size of the strike zone for the 1969 season. Since then, no pitcher has won more than 27 games in a season. Later career

In January 1969, <mask> was selected as the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year. He created more disruption when he was named as the starting pitcher for the American League in the 1969 All-Star Game in Washington, D.C., but missed the start of the game because of a dental appointment in Detroit.The appointment was scheduled for Wednesday the 23rd, the day after the All-Star game, but because of a rainout on the scheduled date, the game was played on the 23rd. <mask> was a nonconformist and liked to play by his own rules. He had learned to fly and purchased an airplane. Having kept his dental appointment, he then flew himself to Washington, arriving at the game during the second inning. He pitched in the fourth inning, but by then the National League had already built a 9–2 lead. <mask> created more dissension when he clashed with Tigers' manager Mayo Smith over the latter's role in the firing of Johnny Sain as the team's pitching coach. Despite the troubles, <mask> had another productive season in 1969, winning 24 games and a second consecutive Cy Young Award, tying with Baltimore's Mike Cuellar, marking the first time two players had shared the award.It was the last award of his major league career. The downfall
In February 1970, Sports Illustrated and Penthouse both published articles about <mask>'s involvement in bookmaking activities. Sports Illustrated cited sources who alleged that the foot injury suffered by McLain late in 1967 was caused by an organized crime figure who stomped on McLain's foot as punishment for failing to pay off on a lost bet. Early in his career, McLain's interest in betting on horses was piqued by Chuck Dressen, one of his first managers. <mask>'s descent into his gambling obsession was further precipitated by an offhand remark made during an interview: that he drank about a case of Pepsi a day. (When he pitched, he was known to drink a Pepsi between innings.) A representative from Pepsi then offered McLain a contract with the company, just for

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title: Denny McLain

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texts:
 doing a few endorsements.<mask> soon realized that he and the Pepsi representative shared an affinity for gambling; when the two realized how much money they were losing, and that they could earn so much more by "taking the action" on bets, they attempted to set up a bookmaking operation as hands-off, silent partners. <mask> was suspended indefinitely by Baseball Commissioner Bowie Kuhn; the suspension was then set for the first three months of the 1970 season. He returned in mid-season, but struggled to pitch well. In September, the Tigers suspended him for seven days after he doused sportswriters Jim Hawkins of the Detroit Free Press and Watson Spoelstra of the Detroit News with buckets of water. Just as the seven-day suspension was about to end, he was suspended for at least the remainder of the season by Kuhn for carrying a gun on a team flight. <mask>'s 1970 season ended with a won-loss record of only 3–5. Later that year, he was forced into bankruptcy despite being the first $100,000 player in Tigers history.Meanwhile, <mask> and his friend Jim Northrup co-schemed to make more money; they were back in Detroit furthering a plan that they shared to generate a nude baseball model calendar. These efforts eventually fell short. On October 9, 1970, the Tigers traded <mask>, Elliott Maddox, Norm McRae, and Don Wert to the Washington Senators for Joe Coleman, Eddie Brinkman, Jim Hannan, and Aurelio Rodríguez. Kuhn actually had to clear the trade because <mask> was still under suspension, and suspended players cannot be traded without the commissioner's permission. Kuhn later wrote in his autobiography, Hardball: The Education of a Baseball Commissioner, that he was shocked at what he called a "foolish gamble" by the Senators, and predicted that the trade would turn out to be a Tiger heist. The <mask> trade was made over the strenuous objections of Senators manager Ted Williams, who had little patience for <mask>'s high living. The feeling was mutual; early in the 1971 season, <mask> became a charter member of the "Underminers' Club", a group of five players dedicated to getting Williams fired.They spent much of the season feuding over Williams' use of a then-unusual five-man rotation for his starters. Senators broadcaster Shelby Whitfield later told Rob Neyer that when Williams yanked <mask> early from a July 5 game against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> threatened to call Senators owner Bob Short and have him get rid of Williams. By this time, McLain had serious arm trouble, inadvertently made worse by numerous cortisone shots he took for his sore arm. As a result, he essentially stopped throwing fastballs midway through the 1971 season. Due to his arm troubles and his inability to get along with Williams, McLain went 10–22. He thus earned the dubious distinction of going from leading his league in wins (tied with Mike Cuellar with 24 wins in 1969) to two years later leading his league in losses. <mask>'s 22 defeats (a mark later tied by three pitchers, all in 1974) remains the most in a major-league season since Jack Fisher of the Mets lost 24 in 1965.After the 1971 season, <mask> was traded to the Oakland Athletics for journeyman pitcher Jim Panther and prospect Don Stanhouse (who went on to have a few good years as the Baltimore Orioles' closer in the late 1970s). After only five starts, one win, and a 6.04 ERA, the Athletics sent him to the minor leagues on May 15. The Associated Press said the reasons for the demotion were "pitches which lacked steam and a medical problem." On June 29, Oakland traded him to the Atlanta Braves for Orlando Cepeda; he went only 3–5 for Atlanta, and his overall totals for 1972 were 4–7 with a 6.37 ERA. His final major league appearance came on September 12 against the Cincinnati Reds; he came into a tied game in the ninth and promptly gave up three runs without retiring a batter, taking the loss. (Coincidentally, the last batter McLain ever faced in the major leagues was Pete Rose, who also was involved in a gambling scandal years later.) The Braves released <mask> during spring training, on March 26, 1973.After short stints with minor-league clubs in Des Moines and Shreveport, <mask> retired. Three years after winning 31 games and two years after winning his second consecutive Cy Young, he was out of baseball at the age of 29. Music career
<mask>'s success on the playing field led to endorsement opportunities from the Hammond Organ Company; he also made musical appearances in Las Vegas. He was invited to appear with his musical quartet on The Ed Sullivan Show along with his World Series opponent (and guitarist) Bob Gibson. <mask> also made appearances on The Steve Allen Show and The Joey Bishop Show. He also released two albums on Capitol Records, <mask> at the Organ (1968) and <mask> in Las Vegas (1969). Career statistics
In a 10-year major-league career, <mask> won 131 games against 91 losses.His career earned run average was 3.39 and he recorded 1,282 strikeouts in 1,886 innings pitched. <mask> was a three-time All-Star and won the Cy Young Award twice in his career. Because he relied so much on his fastball, he also surrendered numerous home runs, leading the American League in home runs allowed in three consecutive years (1966–1968). Since McLain's 31-win season, only two other pitchers have approached the 30-game milestone (Steve Carlton won 27 games in 1972 and Bob Welch also with 27 victories in 1990). With Major League Baseball moving from the four-man pitching rotation of McLain's era to five-man rotations, and with the increased reliance on relief pitchers, some observers believe that another 30-game winner may not occur because of the way the game is played today. Post-major league career

In 1974, <mask> played a season for the London Majors of the Intercounty Baseball League at Labatt Memorial Park in London, Ontario. Because of his arm problems, McLain pitched only nine innings for the Majors, but played in 14 games at shortstop, first base, or catcher, and batted .380, including hitting two homers in one game in London.<mask> continued to earn side money playing the organ at clubs, including a club in suburban Detroit where former heavyweight boxing champion Leon Spinks worked as a bartender. <mask> also earned quite a bit of money hustling golf, easily attracting "marks" due to his past baseball fame. Additionally, he reportedly once accepted over $160,000 to fly a wanted felon out of the country. <mask>'s weight ballooned to  during his post-baseball career. He was imprisoned for drug trafficking (cocaine), embezzlement, and racketeering. Tampa attorneys Arnold Levine and Stevan Northcutt, who later became a Florida state appellate judge, represented <mask> before the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Atlanta. His conviction was reversed under the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act  in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida in Tampa.Between his stints in prison and rehabilitation in the mid-1980s to the early-1990s, <mask> could be found on various talk radio sports shows and occasionally on panel-format sports shows on network television in the Detroit area; he also modeled Hanes underwear. He could also be found signing autographs at a metro Detroit 7-Eleven store at the corner of Mound Road and Metro Parkway in Sterling Heights, Michigan, where he was employed on work-release. After his release, he also hosted a popular daily talk radio show for a few years on Detroit talk station WXYT. <mask>'s oldest daughter, Kristin, 26, was killed on March 20, 1992, in a drunk driving accident. She had been living in Florida and was moving back home to Michigan when she was killed just a few miles from her parents' home. In part to escape his grief, <mask> and several partners bought the Peet Packing Company (Farmer Peet's) located in the small town of Chesaning, Michigan, in 1994. McLain was also a partner in the Michigan Radio Network.Both companies went bankrupt two years later. In 1996, he was convicted on charges of embezzlement, mail fraud, and conspiracy in connection with the theft of $2.5 million from the Peet employees' pension fund. <mask> spent six years in prison; to this day, he insists he knew nothing about the shady financial deals alleged by the government. <mask> claims he paid restitution for this incident. During the Detroit Tigers 2006 playoff run, <mask> was the baseball analyst for Drew and Mike on WRIF radio in Detroit. In 2007, <mask> released his autobiography I Told You I Wasn't Perfect, co-authored by longtime Detroit sportscaster and author Eli Zaret. Prior to that, <mask> and Zaret hosted a sports television show together in Detroit.<mask> currently resides in Pinckney, Michigan, with his wife, Sharyn. Sharyn had divorced <mask> during his most recent incarceration but remarried him upon his release. <mask> writes a monthly editorial column and blogs regularly for In Play! Magazine, a Detroit sports magazine. Kevin Costner's character in the 2005 film The Upside of Anger was partly based on <mask> (and also partly on Kirk Gibson, another Tiger of World Series note). On April 11, 2008, <mask> was arrested without incident after deputies discovered an outstanding warrant against him for failing to appear for a January 16 court hearing. On September 22, 2011, <mask> was arrested in Port Huron, Michigan, at the Canada–US border after officials discovered an outstanding warrant against him from St. Charles Parish, Louisiana.Because of construction detours, <mask> had inadvertently taken an exit off I-94 sending him directly across the Bluewater Bridge and into Canada. He immediately returned to the U.S., where he was obligated to go through a U.S. Customs and Border Protection inspection booth. The outstanding warrant was then discovered, for which <mask> was jailed in Port Huron, Michigan. In less than a week, the warrant was cleared and <mask> was released. From 2017 to 2018, <mask> hosted a Sunday radio show about life and politics on WFDF (AM). In January 2019 <mask> and former local sportscasters Eli Zaret and Bob Page launched a podcast called No Filter Sports. In October 2020 McLain had an estate sale hosted by Aaron's Estate Sales.This event was covered nationally by outlets such as ESPN and the Associated Press. See also

 1968 Detroit Tigers season
 1968 World Series
 1968 in baseball
 Associated Press Athlete of the Year
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 List of Detroit Tigers team records

Notes

References
 Nobody's Perfect by <mask> with Dave Diles (The Dial Press, New York, 1975). Strikeout: The Story of <mask> by <mask> and Mike Nahrstedt (Sporting News, 1988). I Told You I Wasn't Perfect by <mask> and Eli Zaret (Triumph Books, 2007). Thirty-one and six: The story of <mask> by Robert B. Jackson (H. Z. Walck, 1969). External links
, or Retrosheet
The Baseball Biography Project: <mask>
 ESPN Classic: From the big time to the big house
 The downfall of former pitcher <mask>
 Denny <mask>'s Tigers Report

1944 births
Living people
American drug traffickers
American extortionists
American League All-Stars
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
American League wins champions
American people convicted of fraud
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Chicago
Birmingham A's players
Capitol Records artists
Clinton C-Sox players
Cy Young Award winners
Detroit Tigers players
Duluth-Superior Dukes players
Harlan Smokies players
Indios de Mayagüez players
Iowa Oaks players
Knoxville Smokies players
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title: Jonathan Albaladejo

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<mask> ( ; born October 30, 1982) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Washington Nationals, New York Yankees and Arizona Diamondbacks in Major League Baseball (MLB), as well as the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). He managed the Tupper Lake Riverpigs of the independent Empire League in the covid-shortened 2020 season and again in 2021. Career

Pittsburgh Pirates
<mask> was selected by the San Francisco Giants in the 34th round (1,021st overall) of the 2000 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign. In the following year he was selected by the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 19th round (564th overall), and signed on June 6, 2001. He spent a number of years in the minors in the Pirates system as a starting pitcher, and in 2005 was converted to a reliever. The Pirates released him on April 25, 2007.Washington Nationals

On May 3, 2007, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals, and played most of the season for the Class-AA Harrisburg Senators, compiling a 4.17 earned run average in 21 appearances. He moved up to the Class-AAA Columbus Clippers and finished the season extremely well, posting an ERA of 0.78 in 14 appearances. When rosters expanded in September, the Nationals, then leading the league in innings pitched by relievers, brought him up. On September 5, 2007, <mask> made his Major League debut. In the top of the third inning, in a game against the Florida Marlins, Tim Redding was injured by a batted ball and needed to be replaced. Albaladejo entered the game with two men on and one out, and allowed a ground ball (where an inherited runner scored) and a pop up. In the fourth inning, Albaladejo struck out the side, and then was relieved.New York Yankees
On December 4, 2007, he was traded to the New York Yankees for relief pitcher Tyler Clippard. The deal is regarded, years later, as one of the worst in Brian Cashman's tenure as Yankees General Manager. He made the Yankees' Opening Day roster in 2008, but only pitched in seven games while recording a 3.95 ERA. He suffered an elbow injury on May 9, 2008, and was ruled out for the season in June. Albaladejo again made the Yankees' major league roster to start the 2009 season. After posting an ERA of 6.00 in 18 appearances through May 22, he was optioned to Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre to make room on the roster for pitcher Chien-Ming Wang. In 17 innings at Triple-A, he compiled a 1.59 ERA and 0.65 WHIP, earning a promotion back to the majors when Wang was placed on the disabled list on July 5, 2009.<mask> was sent back down to Scranton on July 10, 2009, to make room for Mark Melancon. Though he did not make the postseason roster, he got his first World Series ring when the Yankees won their 27th franchise World Series title by beating the Phillies. <mask> began the 2010 season with Scranton/Wilkes-Barre. After a poor spring training, Albaladejo transitioned from his two-seam fastball to his four-seam fastball, which allowed him more control. He was named International League Pitcher of the Week from July 5–12, and from July 12–18, and pitched in the Triple-A All-Star Game. After saving 31 games in 32 chances with a 0.96 ERA, he was called up to the Yankees on July 20. However, he was optioned back to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre on July 24 to make room for Sergio Mitre.<mask> set an International League single-season record for saves in 2010 with 43 (the previous record was 38). He was named to the International League Postseason All-Star team. He was called up by the Yankees when the rosters expanded at the start of September and pitched  innings for the team during the 2010 season, recording a 3.97 ERA. During the offseason, Albaladejo asked the Yankees to release him so he could pursue a career in Japan. Yomiuri Giants
Albaladejo signed a one-year contract with the Yomiuri Giants of Japan's Central League. In 46 games in Japan, he was 2–2 with a 2.45 ERA. Arizona Diamondbacks
The Arizona Diamondbacks signed <mask> on December 13, 2011.In 49 games with the club's AAA affiliate in Reno, Albaladejo recorded 25 saves and struck out 60 in  innings of work. He was called up by the Diamondbacks at the end of the minor league season, posting an ERA of 9.00 in three games. Miami Marlins
On December 16, 2012, Albaladejo signed a minor league deal with the Miami Marlins. He spent the entirety of the 2013 season with their AAA club, the New Orleans Zephyrs, recording a 3.80 ERA and 72 strikeouts in  innings. He was granted free agency after the season. Broncos de Reynosa
On April 1, 2016, <mask> signed with the Broncos de Reynosa of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on April 9, 2016.Bridgeport Bluefish
On April 19, 2016, <mask> signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. New York Mets
On July 25, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. Lancaster Barnstormers
On November 1, 2017, <mask> was drafted by the Lancaster Barnstormers in the Bridgeport Bluefish dispersal draft. On February 26, 2018, he signed with the team for the 2018 season. <mask> re-signed for the 2019 season as a player-coach. He retired as an active player following the season and was later hired as bullpen coach for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League.See also

 List of Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Altoona Curve players
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Bridgeport Bluefish players
Columbus Clippers players
Diablos Rojos del México players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
Harrisburg Senators players
Hickory Crawdads players
Indios de Mayagüez players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Las Vegas 51s players
Lynchburg Hillcats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Mexican League baseball pitchers
Miami Dade Sharks baseball players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
New York Yankees players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Japan
Reno Aces players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Sportspeople from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Staten Island Yankees players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Washington Nationals players
Yomiuri Giants players

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title: Amrish Puri

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<mask> (22 June 1932 – 12 January 2005) was an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema. He is remembered for playing iconic villainous roles in Punjabi, Hindi cinema as well as other Indian and international film industries. To Indian audiences he is the most remembered for his role as Mogambo in Shekhar Kapur's Hindi film Mr. India (1987), and to Western audiences he is best known as Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984). While he predominantly worked in Hindi-language films, he had also appeared in Punjabi, Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Marathi language films. <mask> won three Filmfare Awards for Best Supporting Actor. His grandson, <mask> (aged  as of ), is also an actor in Indian Cinema, having written and starred in a film produced by a production house named after Puri, Amrish Puri Films. Early life

<mask> was born in Nawanshahr, Punjab, to Lala Nihal Chand and Ved Kaur.He had four siblings, elder brothers Chaman <mask> and Madan <mask> (both of whom were also actors), elder sister Chandrakanta, and a younger brother, Harish <mask>. He was the first cousin of the actor and singer K. L. Saigal. Career
<mask> acted in more than 450 films between 1967 and 2005, and was one of the most successful  villains in Bollywood. Most of them were hits. <mask> first came to Bombay in the early 1950s following the footsteps of his elder brothers - Madan <mask> and Chaman <mask>, who were already established actors known for playing villainous roles. He failed his first screen test, and instead found a job with the Employees' State Insurance Corporation Ministry of Labour and Employment (ESIC). At the same time, he started performing at the Prithvi Theatre in plays written by Satyadev Dubey.He eventually became well known as a stage actor and won the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1979. This theatre recognition soon led to work in television ads and eventually to films at the relatively late age of 40. <mask> went on to work in Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Hollywood, Punjabi, Malayalam, Telugu and Tamil films. Though he was successful in many regional films, he is best known for his work in Bollywood cinema. Through the 1970s, <mask> often worked in supporting roles, usually as the henchman of the main villain. He was noticed in the 1980 super-hit movie Hum Paanch in which he played the main villain. After that, he started getting cast as the main villain in other movies.In 1982, <mask> played the main villain, Jagavar Choudhary in the Subhash Ghai super-hit film Vidhaata. That year, he again played the main villain, JK in the movie Shakti co-starring Dilip Kumar and Amitabh Bachchan. Next, in 1983, Ghai again cast him as the main villain, Pasha in the hit movie Hero. <mask> regularly featured in subsequent Ghai films. <mask> reigned supreme in villainous roles in the 1980s and 1990s. His dominating screen presence and baritone voice made him stand out amongst the other villains of the day. He is known to international audiences for his roles as Khan in Richard Attenborough's Gandhi (1982) and as the main antagonist Mola Ram in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984).He shaved his head for the role, and it created such an impression that he kept his head shaved. His bald look gave him the flexibility to experiment with different looks as a villain in subsequent movies. <mask> and Spielberg shared a great rapport and Spielberg often said in interviews: "Amrish is my favorite villain. The best the world has ever produced and ever will!" In villainous roles, <mask> is best remembered as "Mogambo" in Mr. India, "Jagavar" in Vidhaata, "Thakral" in Meri Jung, "Bhujang" in Tridev, "Balwant Rai" in Ghayal, Barrister Chadda in Damini and "Thakur Durjan Singh" in Karan Arjun. His comic role in Chachi 420, that he acted alongside Kamal Haasan was highly appreciated. From the 1990s until his death in 2005, <mask> also featured in positive supporting roles in many movies.Some of his notable positive roles are Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge, Phool Aur Kaante, Gardish, Pardes, Virasat, Ghatak, Mujhe Kucch Kehna Hai, China Gate. He received the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor award for Meri Jung and Virasat. Death and legacy
<mask> was suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome, a rare kind of blood cancer, and had undergone brain surgery for his condition after he was admitted to the Hinduja hospital on 27 December 2004. His condition required frequent removal of the blood accumulated in the cerebral region of the brain and after some time he slipped into a coma shortly before his death around 7:30 a.m on 12 January 2005. His body was brought to his residence for people to pay their last respects, and his funeral was on 13 January 2005 at Shivaji Park crematorium. On 22 June 2019, <mask> was honoured with a Google Doodle. Commemorating his 87th birthday, Google carried his picture and the accompanying text read as, "If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again—and you might end up like Indian film actor <mask> <mask>, who overcame an early setback on the way to fulfilling his big screen dreams."

masks:
Amrish Puri
Puri
Vardhan Puri
Amrish Lal Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Puri
Amrish
Puri


title: Alexandre Ferreira (fighter)

texts:
<mask> (born 25 January 1979 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a retired professional mixed martial artist. A professional from 1998 until 2010, he fought in the UFC, Jungle Fight, RINGS, and the IFL. Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut against Vladimir Matyushenko on November 13, 2010 at UFC 122, losing via first round TKO. <mask> was expected to face Rousimar Palhares on March 3, 2011 at UFC Live: Sanchez vs. Kampmann. However, on January 18, <mask> was dismissed from Chute Boxe, his home training camp, for a "lack of commitment." Less than an hour later, it was reported that the fight had been cancelled due to <mask> losing family and friends in the Brazilian floods, resulting in him being in "no condition to train or fight." Palhares faced David Branch.Ferreira/Palhares was expected to take place on August 27, 2011 at UFC 134. However, <mask> was released from the organization and replaced by Dan Miller. Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Loss
| align=center| 18–6
| Vladimir Matyushenko
| TKO (punches and elbows)
| UFC 122
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:20
| Oberhausen, Germany
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–5
| Walter Mazurkievicz
| Submission (kimura)
| Jungle Fight 15
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:10
| Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–5
| Vagner Curio
| Submission (achilles lock)
| Jungle Fight 14: Ceará
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:16
| São Paulo, Brazil
|Light Heavyweight debut. |-
| Win
| align=center| 4–1
| Jimmy Westfall
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:56
| Aruba
|WVC 9 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |-
| Win
| align=center| 3–1
| Heath Herring
| Decision (split)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 30:00
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Final. |-
| Win
| align=center| 2–1
| Rodney Glunder
| TKO (submission to punches)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:59
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. |-
| Win
| align=center| 1–1
| Astravroslakis Astravroslakis
| TKO (submission to punches)
| World Vale Tudo Championship 8
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:00
| Aruba
|WVC 8 Heavyweight Tournament Quarterfinal.

masks:
Alexandre Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira


title: Wadih el-Hage

texts:
<mask>-Hage (, Wadī‘ al-Ḥāj) (born July 25, 1960) is Lebanese, and naturalized American citizen, who is serving life imprisonment in the United States based on conspiracy charges for the 1998 United States embassy bombings. Born to a Maronite Catholic family, El-Hage converted to Islam while still in Lebanon in the 1970s. He emigrated to the United States, where he developed an interest in militant interpretations of Islamic theology while attending the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. During the Soviet–Afghan War el-Hage traveled to Pakistan to work for a Saudi charity, returning to the US in 1985. He married 18 year old April Ray, an American citizen who had recently converted to Islam, gaining American citizenship in 1989. Struggling financially, he decided to move his family to Quetta, Pakistan, but returned to run the Al Kifah Refugee Center in Brooklyn after the death of Mustafa Shalabi. While running the al-Kifah Refugee Center he met some of the extremists involved in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.At the time of their trial, he was in Sudan working as a secretary for Osama Bin Laden. In 1996 and 1997, after Bin Laden left Sudan for Afghanistan, el Hage worked in Nairobi, Kenya. Under the pretense of doing charity work, he organized the al-Qaeda network that planned the carried out the embassy bombing in Nairobi. El-Hage was indicted and arrested in 1998, and convicted on all counts and sentenced to life without parole in 2001. His sentence was overturned in 2008 because it was based on federal mandatory sentencing guidelines invalidated by the US Supreme Court in 2005. He was re-sentenced to life without parole in 2013. El-Hage and his co-defendants are currently in the supermax prison known as ADX Florence.Aliases or 'Kunya'
<mask> el-Hage is also known as "Abd'al Sabur" or "Abdel Saboor", both different transliterations of Abdus Sabur. 'Kunya' is a way of saying 'nickname' in the Arabic language. Life
El-Hage was born in a Maronite Christian family on 25 July 1960 in Sidon, Lebanon, but grew up in Kuwait, where he converted to Islam. His family was so angered by his conversion that he was forced to leave home and was taken in by a Kuwaiti sheikh who paid for his education, including college. He traveled to the United States for college. From 1978, he studied urban planning at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, then-named the University of Southwestern Louisiana. El-Hage interrupted his schooling to travel to Afghanistan via Pakistan, although his lifelong physical disability prevented any direct participation in the fighting against the USSR, he instead worked for a Saudi charity called the Muslim World League.He was reportedly under Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, an important figure in the early history of al-Qaeda. El-Hage returned to his university in January 1985, graduating in 1986. He married an 18-year-old American Muslim named April and relocated to Arizona. There he held several low-wage jobs, including city custodian. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1989. Over the next few years, the el-Hage family traveled repeatedly to Pakistan, initially taking
along his mother-in-law and her husband. In an interview with PBS Frontline, el-Hage's mother-in-law said, "I was the matron surgical nurse at an Afghan surgical hospital.Wadih did not actually fight, but acted as an educator. My husband went with Wadih to deliver textbooks and Qur'ans to the young people. It was a Jihad, a fight for Islam." Background
At an Islamic conference in Oklahoma in December 1989, el-Hage met Mahmud Abouhalima, who was later convicted for his part in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. El-Hage's prosecutors say that Abouhalima told el-Hage to buy a .38 caliber revolver. El Sayyid Nosair used that revolver to kill Rabbi Meir Kahane. At some later point, el-Hage moved with his family to Arlington, Texas.He was called to the Brooklyn charity Alkifah Refugee Center, by the group's office in Tucson, via el-Hage's mosque in Arlington. Family members acknowledge that he was in contact with the Alkifah group, and say that he was called in to mediate a dispute. A week later, the group's leader, Mustafa Shalabi, was found stabbed to death in an apartment that he shared with Abouhalima. This murder is unsolved. El-Hage's family said that he cried when he heard that Shalabi was dead. In January 1992, el-Hage was arrested for writing false checks. In the car with him was Marwan Salama, whose phone records show his contact with the conspirators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.Shortly thereafter, el-Hage moved his family to Sudan and worked as a secretary for Osama bin Laden, who operated a network of businesses and charities, some of them fronts, in East Africa at the time. El-Hage often travelled to Europe in this capacity. Prosecutors believe that el-Hage became a key aide to Bin Laden. In 1994, his wife April convinced el-Hage to leave Sudan and stop working for Bin Laden's organization there. As his mother in law said, "April would have none of that. She is Muslim, but she is also American, and she wouldn't stand for it." However, prosecutors believe that el-Hage continued to work for bin Laden's organisation in Nairobi, Kenya.In Kenya, he became the director of Help Africa People, a Muslim charity organization, which Kenyan documents say helped control malaria. El-Hage also made money in the jewelry business. Prosecutors say that el-Hage was in contact in Kenya with Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri, who was al-Qaeda's #2 member until his death in 1996. The badly wanted al-Qaeda suspect Fazul Abdullah Mohammed moved in and worked at the house as a secretary. A letter, Mohammed Saddiq Odeh, admitted knowing el-Hage in Nairobi and said that el-Hage attended his wedding. Arrest

The Nairobi house was raided on August 21, 1998.  el-Hage himself was questioned two days later upon his return to Nairobi from Afghanistan. el-Hage's family says that he was told to leave Kenya.In September 1997, he returned to Arlington with his family; several accounts say that he sold all of his possessions to fund the trip. However, upon arriving in the United States, he was arrested on September 15, 1998. Before a grand jury, el-Hage denied knowing bin Laden and others accused of the embassy bombings. On 20 September, he was arrested for perjury, and has not been free since. The indictment for the bombings themselves was read on 7 October of that year. Incarceration
Hage, Bureau of Prisons number 42393-054, is in Florence ADMAX USP. References

1960 births
Living people
Lebanese al-Qaeda members
American al-Qaeda members
Lebanese emigrants to the United States
Converts to Sunni Islam from Catholicism
Inmates of ADX Florence
Lebanese people imprisoned abroad
Lebanese Salafis
American Sunni Muslims
Former Maronite Christians
American former Christians
People convicted on terrorism charges
Lebanese emigrants to Kuwait

masks:
Wadih Elias el
Wadih


title: Lorna Cordeiro

texts:
<mask>, aka <mask>, is a Konkani language singer from the coastal state of Goa, India, and is popularly known as the "Nightingale of Goa". Early life
<mask> was born in Bombay on 9 August 1944 to Cecelia and <mask> who hailed from Saligao in Goa, the third of six children. Her family belonged to the Goan Catholic community; Fr. Nascimento Mascarenhas. <mask>'s father encouraged his children in music and to speak Konkani at home; their immediate neighbour in Goa, recalls being very impressed by the family's singing of Konkani hymns. <mask> recalled how as a young girl another Parsi neighbour in Mumbai would clap and gift her four Indian annas whenever he heard her sing along with the radio. Goa, which sits on the Arabian Sea in southwest India and is the nation's smallest state, was a territory of Portugal from 1510 to 1961.While its official language is the Konkani language, until 1961, most Goans were educated in Portuguese. Today, many Goans are Catholic, speak Portuguese and have Portuguese names. Between the Portuguese colonization and the 19th century influx of the British and other westerners, Goa was the most westernized area of India. It is where western music took root and, until recently, most of India's jazz musicians came from Goa. Romance with Chris Perry
Lorna admittingly was in an affair with an older married Goan musician, Chris Perry, while they were both working together. However, following their breakup on her 27th birthday in 1973, she was unable to perform for nearly 23 years. This was because Perry would threaten and even strike anyone who would approach her to sing professionally again.She remained unmarried because Perry also threatened possible suitors. She began working as a compounder in a dentist's clinic, and was a victim of alcoholism before Ronnie Monserrate convinced her to start singing again in 1995. She now lives in Dhobitalao, Mumbai. Career

Initial career (1960–1973)
<mask>'s singing career began by singing at weddings as part of a band called 'Bajaj and his Dance Band'. She was recognized by musician, drummer and compère Raymond Albuquerque, who first heard her sing "Where The Boys Are" on Marvé Beach. He then invited her to sing "Under the Mango Tree" from Dr. No with his band at the Bandra fair. This performance impressed Chris Perry, who was in the audience and had been looking for a crooner.After an audition, she began singing for Perry's band at the age of 15 and continued with them until she turned 26. He thus helped her launch her career and she regards him as her guru. She was a popular jazz singer in nightclubs and star hotels in Mumbai, Calcutta, Madras, Delhi and Bangalore. Later, she sang songs composed / arranged by Chris Perry. <mask>'s first song was "Bebdo" (), which she performed on Miramar Beach, Goa, shocking the crowd with a song of this type in Konkani. She soon became well-known for her other songs, such as "Nachomia Kumpasar", "Pisso", "Red Rose", "Lisboa", "Adeus", "Tuzo Mog", "Noxibak Roddttam", "Abghat", "Calangute", "Aik Re Khobrankara", "Sorga Rajeant", "Pavsachea Tempar", "Amerikak Pavxi", "Sorg Tujea Dolleamni", "Tum Ani Hanv", "Ugddas" and "Mhoji Mai". She became so popular that the public started demanding just her solo performances from Perry, who bound her by contract to not perform with anyone else for twenty years.She subsequently left music for a period of 23 years after a disagreement with him when she was 26 years old. Comeback and other projects (1995–present)
In 1995, music director Ronnie Monseratte, who had been a part of Perry's band, managed to convince her to sing again. After a year of hesitation, she agreed to perform in a concert titled 'Hello Lorna', which was directed by Monseratte. However, on the day of the first show at Miramar Beach, on 1 December 1995, Perry came to the venue and showed the media the contract that she had signed to not sing with anyone else and threatened legal proceedings. After hiring new musicians, the concert began with <mask> performing "Aikat Mazo Tavlo" (). The concert's songs were released in a 1996 album of the same name. In her illustrious career, <mask> has sung for many great Bollywood music directors such as Bappi Lahiri, Kalyanji-Anandji, Laxmikant–Pyarelal and Rajesh Roshan.She has even sung alongside Mohammed Rafi ("Maria") and Sudesh Bhosle. After her comeback, she has performed in countries of the Middle East like Dubai, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain and even in parts of Europe like London. She is seen performing in the 2004 Konkani film Aleesha, and the 2019 Konkani musical film, Kantaar, features <mask> singing some jazz songs. Films & Ad Films

Films
 Bombay Velvet, the Bollywood film, is set in the 1960s and <mask>'s voice was inspirational to Bollywood actress Anushka Sharma. Anurag Kashyap says that Anushka's character is a tribute to <mask>. Nachom-ia Kumpasar (), is a Konkani film. It is based on the lives of jazz musicians Chris Perry and <mask>.The film takes its title from the name of a song by the two artists. The story is told through over 20 popular Konkani songs from the 1960s and 1970s that have been re-recorded for this film. It is set in the 1960s and is a tribute to the 'unsung' Konkani musicians of that era. Advertisements
An international ad campaign by Nike for its cricket equipment featured a Konkani song "Rav Patrao Rav", sung by Ella Castellino, based on the song "Bebdo" as the theme music. The lyrics to the new song were written by Agnello Dias (who worked in the JWT advertising agency that made the ad) and it was recomposed by Ram Sampath. <mask> is a Brand Ambassador and also inaugurated "The Goan Sip" packaged drinking water. She appears in the advertisement campaign video singing in the tune of "Tuzo Mog".Awards and accolades
 In 1997, she was awarded the title of Best Female Singer in Mumbai, alongside Alfred Rose, who won the title of Best Male Singer
 In 2015, <mask> was presented with a Lifetime Achievement award at the "Film, Food, Fashion Festival", by Vishnu Wagh, then MLA and Vice-Chairman of Entertainment Society of Goa (ESG). In 2018, she was awarded the Krutadnyata Puraskar (Lifetime Achievement Award) at the 11th Goa Marathi Film Festival, held at Kala Academy.

masks:
Lorna Cordeiro
Lorna
Lorna
Theophilus Cordeiro
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna
Lorna


title: David Kahn (writer)

texts:
<mask> (b. February 7, 1930) is an American historian, journalist, and writer. He has written extensively on the history of cryptography and military intelligence. <mask>'s first published book, The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing (1967), has been widely considered to be a definitive account of the history of cryptography. Biography
<mask> was born in New York City to <mask>, a glass manufacturer, and <mask>, a lawyer. <mask> has said he traces his interest in cryptography to reading Fletcher Pratt's Secret and Urgent as a boy. <mask> is a founding editor of the Cryptologia journal. In 1969, <mask> married Susanne Fiedler; they are now divorced.They have two sons, Oliver and Michael. He attended Bucknell University. After graduation, he worked as a reporter at Newsday. He also served as an editor at the International Herald Tribune in Paris in the 1960s. It was during this period that he wrote an article for the New York Times Magazine about two defectors from the National Security Agency. It was the origin of his monumental book, The Codebreakers. The Codebreakers

The Codebreakers comprehensively chronicles the history of cryptography from ancient Egypt to the time of its writing.It is widely regarded as the best account of the history of cryptography up to its publication. Most of the editing, German translating, and insider contributions were from American World War II cryptographer Bradford Hardie III. William Crowell, the former deputy director of the National Security Agency, was quoted in Newsday as saying "Before he (<mask>) came along, the best you could do was buy an explanatory book that usually was too technical and terribly dull." <mask>, then a newspaper journalist, was contracted to write a book on cryptography in 1961. He began writing it part-time, at one point quitting his regular job to work on it full-time. The book was to include information on the National Security Agency (NSA), and according to author James Bamford writing in 1982, the agency attempted to stop its publication and considered publishing a negative review of <mask>'s work in the press to discredit him. A committee of the United States Intelligence Board concluded that the book was "a possibly valuable support to foreign COMSEC [communications security] authorities" and recommended "further low-key actions as possible, but short of legal action, to discourage Mr. <mask> or his prospective publishers."<mask>'s publisher, the Macmillan company, handed over the manuscript to the federal government for review without <mask>'s permission on March 4, 1966. <mask> and Macmillan eventually agreed to remove some material from the manuscript, particularly concerning the relationship between the NSA and its British counterpart, the GCHQ, because <mask> felt pressured by the intelligence community. The Codebreakers did not cover most of the history concerning the breaking of the German Enigma machine (which became public knowledge only in the 1970s). Nor did it cover the advent of strong cryptography in the public domain, beginning with the invention of public key cryptography and the specification of the Data Encryption Standard in the mid-1970s. An updated edition in 1996 included an additional chapter covering events since the original publication. The Codebreakers was a finalist for the non-fiction Pulitzer Prize in 1968. Later career

<mask> was awarded a doctorate (D.Phil) from Oxford University in 1974, in modern German history under the supervision of the then Regius professor of modern history, Hugh Trevor-Roper.<mask> continued his work as a reporter and op-ed editor for Newsday until 1998 and served as a journalism professor at New York University. Despite past differences between <mask> and the National Security Agency over the information in The Codebreakers, <mask> was selected in 1995 to become NSA's scholar-in-residence. On October 26, 2010, <mask> attended a ceremony at NSA's National Cryptologic Museum (NCM) to commemorate his donation of his lifetime collection of cryptologic books, memorabilia, and artifacts to the museum and its library. The collection is housed at the NCM library and is non-circulating (that is, items cannot be checked out or loaned out), but photocopying and photography of items in the collection are allowed. <mask> lives (as of 2012) in New York City. He has lived in Washington, D.C.; Paris, France; Freiburg, Germany; Oxford, England; and Great Neck, New York. Publications
 Plaintext in the new unabridged: An examination of the definitions on cryptology in Webster's Third New International Dictionary (Crypto Press 1963)
 The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing () (1967)
 Hitler's Spies: German Military Intelligence in World War II (Macmillan 1978) ()
 The Codebreakers – The Story of Secret Writing Revised edition () (1996)
 Cryptology goes Public (Council on Foreign Relations 1979)
 Notes & correspondence on the origin of polyalphabetic substitution (1980)
 Codebreaking in World Wars I and II: The major successes and failures, their causes and their effects (Cambridge University Press 1980)
 <mask> on Codes: Secrets of the New Cryptology (Macmillan 1984) ()
 Cryptology: Machines, History and Methods by Cipher Deavours and <mask> (Artech House 1989) ()
 Seizing the Enigma: The Race to Break the German U-Boats Codes, 1939–1943 (Houghton Mifflin 1991) ()
 The Reader of Gentlemen's Mail: Herbert O. Yardley and the Birth of American Codebreaking (Yale University Press 2004) ()
 How I Discovered World War II's Greatest Spy and Other Stories of Intelligence and Code, Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.References

Sources

External links

 <mask>'s Remarks to the NSA at its 50th Anniversary Celebration
 James Madison Project profile
 New York Review of Books profile
 <mask>: Historian of Secret Codes by Arnold Abrams, in Newsday 2004-09-19 (via History News Network)
 The Intelligence Failure of Pearl Harbor by <mask>, from Foreign Affairs (Winter 1991/92)
 Codebreaking and the Battle of the Atlantic by <mask>. USAFA Harmon Memorial Lecture No. 36 (1994-04-04)
 Decoding the NSA A 1996 interview with <mask>, while he was a visiting historian at the NSA
 The Hebern Code Machine
 The Enigma Machine

1930 births
American science writers
American male journalists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Living people
American historians of espionage
20th-century American historians
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
International Association for Cryptologic Research fellows
American military historians
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
David Kahn
Kahn
David Kahn
Florence Abraham Kahn
Jesse Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
Kahn
David Kahn
Kahn
David Kahn
David Kahn
David Kahn
Kahn


title: A. J. DeLaGarza

texts:
<mask> (born November 4, 1987) is a professional soccer player who plays for the New England Revolution of Major League Soccer. He was a constant fixture in the LA Galaxy teams of the early 2010s that won three MLS Cups and two Supporters' Shields. A United States international in 2012, <mask> switched allegiances and represented his ancestral Guam from 2013 until 2019. Early life
<mask> was born in Bryans Road, Maryland to a Mexican-Chamorro father and a Native American mother. Club career

Youth career
At the age of 12, <mask> played for the DC United U-12 at the Danone Cup in France, under coach Dave Sarachan. He also played for Baltimore Casa Mia's Bays, where he won two USYSA National Championships. In high school, <mask> played at Henry E. Lackey High School for head coach Gary Lesko in Indian Head, Maryland.<mask> enjoyed a distinguished high school career, being named all-state twice, all-county four times and all-conference four times. <mask> played college soccer at the University of Maryland, College Park. He was named College Soccer News Second Team All-Freshman after helping Maryland win the National Championship in 2005. He started the title game and helped the Terps keep a clean sheet in a 1–0 victory over New Mexico. <mask> had a successful senior season being named to the College Cup All-Tournament Team, Second Team All-ACC selection, and was his team's Co-Most Valuable Defensive Player as he helped lead Maryland to the 2008 National Championship and 2008 ACC Championship. Los Angeles Galaxy
<mask> was drafted in the second round (19th overall) of the 2009 MLS SuperDraft by LA Galaxy. He made his professional debut on March 22, 2009, in Galaxy's first game of the 2009 MLS season against D.C. United, playing the whole 90 minutes at left back in a 2–2 draw.Following Sean Franklin's mid-season hamstring injury, <mask> played many games at the right side of Galaxy's defense, starting 16 consecutive games at right back before missing a game due to injury. He would ultimately clock 1,754 minutes in his rookie season. <mask> picked up his first career assist on July 11, sending in a cross that Edson Buddle headed past the Chivas USA keeper to give the Galaxy a 1–0 win. <mask> scored his first goal for LA in a 6–3 loss against FC Dallas on September 12, 2009. He helped the Galaxy defense concede 31 fewer goals than in 2008 and set a club record for clean sheets in a season with 12. The strengthened defense helped LA finish first in the Western Conference. <mask> would make two appearances in the playoffs as the Galaxy would go onto reach MLS Cup, where they lost to Real Salt Lake.On May 1, 2010, <mask> scored the then fourth fastest goal in club history when he rushed to the back post to tap in a pass from Buddle after 51 seconds. LA would go on to defeat the Philadelphia Union 3–1. He made his debut in the CONCACAF Champions League on July 27, a 4–1 loss to the Puerto Rico Islanders. He and the Galaxy had a strong season in 2010 as they lifted the Supporters' Shield. <mask>'s versatility was on display throughout the year, as he featured as a left back, center back, and as a right back. In eight of his 17 league appearances on the year, LA kept a clean sheet. He played every minute of their playoff run at center back, filling in for the injured Gregg Berhalter.However, they would fail to return to MLS Cup after losing to Dallas in the Western Conference Finals. In 2011, <mask> featured mainly as a center back. He established himself as a key player for the Galaxy, playing in 30 of the 34 regular season matches and his 2,627 regular season were the second most on the team to Todd Dunivant. He also played every minute in both US Open Cup fixtures, every minute in all six CCL games, and played every minute of the Galaxy's playoff run. <mask> also only picked up two yellow cards all season. The Galaxy would once again win the Supporters' Shield, but had more success in the playoffs this year, defeating the Houston Dynamo 1–0 in the MLS Cup final, becoming the sixth club to win both in the same season. 2012 saw <mask> start all 30 of his league games at center back.Once Omar Gonzalez returned from injury in July, he and <mask> formed one of the better center back pairs in MLS. On October 1, 2012, in a match against the Colorado Rapids, <mask> went down with a serious injury in the 31st minute. The Galaxy managed to hold off Colorado in a 1–1 draw, but <mask> would be out for the rest of the regular season as well as the playoffs. Despite missing <mask>, the Galaxy managed to return to MLS Cup once again and defeated the Dynamo for the second straight year, this time by a score of 3–1. <mask> was rewarded for his strong performances throughout the year as he was named the Galaxy Defensive Player of the Year for 2012. <mask> remained a key piece of LA's defense in 2013. He scored his first goal since 2010 and his first in the Champions League on April 3 in a 1–2 loss to CF Monterrey in the first leg of the semi-final tie.The Galaxy would go onto to lose 3–1 on aggregate. <mask> started the season shifting between right back and center back before settling in at center back in April, where he would remain until August, when he once again moved to right back. On September 14, he suffered a dislocated elbow in a 2–2 draw with D.C. United that forced him to miss the rest of the regular season. <mask> returned to action on October 24 in a 4–0 loss to Isidro Metapán in a CONCACAF Champions League group stage match. He also came off the bench in both of the Galaxy's quarter final games with Real Salt Lake in the playoffs; however, LA lost 2–1 extra time. 2014 was one of the most successful seasons of <mask>'s career. He played primarily as a center back, but also played as a left back and right back throughout the year.<mask> anchored the backline that allowed a MLS low 35 goals in 34 games. He was named as the Galaxy Defensive player of the year for the second time in his career. Although he only had two assists in the regular season, he matched that total in his four playoff appearances. The first of his playoff assists came on November 9 in the second leg of the Western Conference semi-final match up with Real Salt Lake. <mask> sent in a cross that Landon Donovan headed past Nick Rimando in the 10th minute to open up the scoring. The Galaxy would go onto win the match 5–0 and advance. The second came in the first leg of the Western Conference Final matchup against the Seattle Sounders.<mask> set up Marcelo Sarvas who sent the ball into the net. Los Angeles would win the first leg 1–0 and would advance on away goals after losing the second leg 2–1. The Galaxy would face the New England Revolution in the final win 2–1 in extra time with <mask> playing for the whole 120 minutes. <mask> missed three games in September after the death of his son Luca, who suffered from a rare heart defect. The 2015 season was a disappointing season for the Galaxy and for <mask>. He made 24 appearances in the league to help LA reach the playoffs for the seventh straight season. However, they would be eliminated in the knockout round after losing 3–2 to Seattle.<mask> also missed time and played injured throughout the season while dealing with a groin injury that he suffered during pre-season. 2016 saw <mask> once again lead one of the league's best defenses, making 24 MLS appearances for the defense that allowed the second fewest goals in the league. On September 4, <mask> became just the fifth Galaxy players to make at least 200 MLS regular season appearances for the club, joining Landon Donovan, Cobi <mask>, Kevin Hartman and Mauricio Cienfuegos. His versatility was crucial for head coach <mask>, who could count on <mask> to give a strong performance at right back and center back throughout the year. The Galaxy returned for the playoffs for the eighth straight year in 2016. However, they would fail to make a deep run, losing to the Rapids on penalties in the Conference semi-finals. <mask> did not appear in any of the three playoff matches.After eight seasons with LA Galaxy, <mask> was traded to the Houston Dynamo on January 13, 2017, in exchange for $125,000 of general allocation money and $50,000 of targeted allocation money. Houston Dynamo
Dynamo head coach Wílmer Cabrera made it clear that he intended to use <mask> solely as a right back. <mask> made his Dynamo debut in the season opener on March 4, a 2–1 win over Seattle. He got his first assist as a Dynamo on May 6 in a 4–0 win over Orlando City, sending the ball forward to <mask> Elis who was able to put the ball in the net for the second goal of the game. He started all but four games at right back for Houston, missing three in April with a quad injury and one due to yellow card accumulation. <mask> helped the Dynamo reach the playoffs for the first time in three seasons. His three assists were also a single season career high.However, in the final game of the regular season, <mask> suffered a torn ACL, which forced him to miss the playoffs and most of 2018. On January 9, 2018, <mask> signed a new contract to remain in Houston. The Dynamo had declined the option on his previous deal, opting to negotiate a lower salary as a result of his significant injury. <mask> returned from injury on August 11 the Dynamo's USL affiliate, Rio Grande Valley FC in a 2–1 defeat to Sacramento Republic. He would make four appearances with the Toros before rejoining to the Dynamo. On September 26, <mask> was on the Dynamo bench for the first time of the season for the 2018 US Open Cup Final, a 3–0 win over the Philadelphia Union, although <mask> did not feature in the match. The result saw the Dynamo qualify for the CONCACAF Champions League the following season.He made his first appearance with the Dynamo of the year on September 29, a 3–2 win against the San Jose Earthquakes. He would start fou of the final five games of the season, including a 3–2 win over the Galaxy on the last day of the season to deny LA a spot in the playoffs, with <mask> winning a penalty that Mauro Manotas converted to level the score at two. His return was unable to save the Dynamo's season as they would miss the playoffs in 2018, the first time <mask>'s team had failed to qualify in his career. Now back to full health, <mask> returned to his role as the primary right back for Houston in 2019. He would make his first appearance of 2019 in the Dynamo's opening match of their CONCACAF Champions League campaign, a 1–0 win at Guastatoya on February 19. <mask> appeared in all four of the CCL matches as they reached the quarterfinals before falling to Tigres. After not appearing in the season opener due to being rested for the Champions League, <mask> made 14 straight starts at right back in MLS matches, picking up one assist in that stretch.After appearing in his 23rd out of a possible 28 league games for the Dynamo, <mask>'s season came to an end on August 31 when he suffered a broken foot in a 1–0 loss to Sporting Kansas City. It was another disappointing season for Houston as a team, missing out on the playoffs for the second straight season. <mask>'s contract expired at the end of the 2019 season, making him a free agent. Inter Miami
On December 2, 2019, <mask> joined MLS expansion side Inter Miami CF ahead of their inaugural 2020 season. He made his debut for Miami on October 3, 2020 in a 3–2 loss to New York City FC. In a shortened season due to the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> played in 5 of a possible 23 games during the regular season. In their first game of the playoffs, <mask> got to start at centerback, however they would lose to fellow expansion side Nashville SC 3–0.His contract expired after the 2020 season, making him a free agent. New England Revolution
As a free agent, <mask> signed with the New England Revolution on January 7, 2021.

International career

United States
On December 21, 2010, United States men's national soccer team head coach Bob Bradley called in <mask> along with 23 other players into the United States' January 2011 training camp. The end of the training camp culminated in a match against the Chile national football team. On January 22, 2011, <mask> was selected to the 18 member game day roster. However, <mask> failed to make an appearance in the 1–1 draw against Chile. On January 21, 2012, <mask> made his début for the senior side of the United States in a friendly match against the Venezuela national football team. <mask> started the match and played all 90 minutes in the 1–0 win over the Venezuela.Four days later, <mask>, again started and played the full 90 minutes in the United States' victory against Panama. Guam
<mask> was still eligible to play for the Guam national team because he was not officially cap-tied with the United States. On August 27, 2013, he made the commitment to switch and play for the Guam national team. On November 16, 2013, <mask> made his first appearance for the Matao in a 1–1 draw in a friendly with Laos. He appeared in his first competitive match for Guam on November 13, 2014, a 2–1 win over Taiwan in the East Asian Cup. On June 11, 2015, <mask> started and played all 90 minutes in Guam's first-ever World Cup Qualifier win beating Turkmenistan 1–0. Just a few days later <mask> started and played all 90 minutes, against India, in Guam's second ever World Cup Qualifier win.<mask> announced his international retirement on April 19, 2020. Career statistics

Club

International

Honors
LA Galaxy
 MLS Cup: 2011, 2012, 2014
 Supporters' Shield: 2010, 2011

Houston Dynamo
 US Open Cup: 2018

New England Revolution
 Supporters' Shield: 2021

Individual
 LA Galaxy Defensive Player of the Year: 2012, 2014
 MLS Humanitarian of the Year Award: 2014

Personal life
<mask>'s son Luca died on September 4, 2014, only a week after being born. Luca suffered from Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, a rare heart defect. In his son's memory <mask> and his family started the Luca Knows Heart foundation to help other people who have the condition. <mask> was named the 2014 MLS Humanitarian of the Year as a result of his work with the Luca Knows Heart foundation as well his work with other organizations. <mask> is married to Megan, his high school sweetheart, and the couple have another child, a daughter named Noelle born in October 2015. <mask> is close friends with Omar Gonzalez, who was his teammate at Maryland from 2006 to 2008 and with the Galaxy from 2009 to 2015.He is of Native-American heritage through his mother and Mexican and Chamorro through his father. Although he represented the US and Guam at international levels, he was also eligible to represent Mexico. He has a sister named Tabatha. <mask> modeled his game off of Barcelona and Spain legend Carles Puyol, who, like <mask>, was undersized for a center back and had long hair, which DeLaGarza had as a child. References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Guamanian footballers
Guam international footballers
American soccer players
United States men's international soccer players

American people of Native American descent
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
Maryland Terrapins men's soccer players
LA Galaxy players
LA Galaxy II players
Houston Dynamo FC players
Rio Grande Valley FC Toros players
Inter Miami CF players
New England Revolution players
Soccer players from Maryland
LA Galaxy draft picks
Major League Soccer players
USL Championship players
Dual internationalists (football)
Association football defenders

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Adolph Joseph DeLaGarza
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title: Travis Henry

texts:
<mask> (born October 29, 1978) is a former American football running back who played seven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Tennessee. He was drafted by the Bills in the second round of the 2001 NFL Draft, and also played for the Tennessee Titans and Denver Broncos. He was a Pro Bowl selection in 2002. Early years
<mask> was a Parade All-American and "Mr. Florida Football" as a running back at Frostproof Middle-Senior High School. As a senior for the Bulldogs football team, he rushed for 4,087 yards and 42 touchdowns in 14 games. His team was state runner-up that year, to the Union County Tigers.In addition to football, <mask> played basketball and ran track. College career
<mask> attended the University of Tennessee from 1997 to 2000. While at Tennessee, he played college football under head coach Phillip Fulmer. 1997 season
<mask> did not play much in his freshman season due to a very crowded and talented backfield, which contained future NFL running backs Jamal Lewis and Shawn Bryson. He recorded two rushes for four yards on the season. 1998 season

In his sophomore season, <mask> was a member of the 1998 National Championship team. In the National Championship, which was the Fiesta Bowl, <mask> had 19 rushes for 28 yards and one reception for nine yards.His contributions did expand in his sophomore year. On the season, he had 176 rushing attempts for 970 yards and four touchdowns in regular season play. In addition, he had four receptions for 31 yards in regular season play. 1999 season
In the 1999 season, <mask> continued to share the backfield with fellow running back Jamal Lewis and collected 916 yards and eight touchdowns. 2000 season
In <mask>'s senior season, in which he rushed for 1,314 yards and 11 touchdowns, he was named first-team All-SEC by the Associated Press and the Sporting News. <mask> holds the school records for yards rushing (3,078), rushing attempts (556), and 100-yard performances (15). He was nicknamed "Cheese" by his strength & conditioning coach for being as tough and strong as a block of government cheese.Professional career

2001 NFL Draft
<mask> was drafted in the second round with the 58th overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills. He scored a 9 on the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test. Buffalo Bills
With the Buffalo Bills, <mask> became the fourth-leading rusher in franchise history, with 3,849 yards and 27 touchdowns with a 4.0 yards per carry average. Over time, he was passed up by Fred Jackson. He earned a Pro Bowl nomination in 2002 after he collected 1,438 yards and 13 touchdowns. In 2004, <mask> was injured for part of the year and lost his starting job to the Bills' 2003 first round pick, Willis McGahee. <mask> refused to accept becoming McGahee's backup and demanded a trade.Buffalo conceded to his demand and traded him to the Tennessee Titans. <mask> then became the backup to Chris Brown. Tennessee Titans
In July 2005, <mask> was dealt to the Tennessee Titans for a third round draft pick in 2006. <mask> was suspended four games during the 2005 season for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. After playing backup to Chris Brown for his first season with the Titans, <mask> secured the role of starter, and, in 2006, achieved his first 1,000 yard season since 2003. On December 3, 2006, <mask> became the 100th running back in NFL history to rush for more than 5,000 career yards. On Christmas Eve in 2006, <mask> broke the 1,000 yard mark for the 2006 NFL season against his former team, the Buffalo Bills.<mask> played a significant role in the Titans' win as he rushed for 135 yards total. This put <mask> at 1,103 rushing yards for the season, with 1 game still remaining, despite being inactive for two games. He finished the 2006 NFL season with 1,211 yards rushing at 4.5 yards per carry. He got into the end zone seven times while only fumbling three times. In addition, he caught 22 passes for 179 yards, at an average of 8.1 yards per reception, giving him 1,282 all-purpose yards. Nevertheless, the Titans released him, which was seen as a cost-cutting move. Denver Broncos

Not long after his release from the Titans, <mask> signed with the Denver Broncos.<mask> led the NFL in rushing after the first four games of the 2007 season before injuries would keep him in and out of the lineup throughout the remainder of the season. According to an article written by MyFOX Colorado, it was reported that <mask> faced the possibility of being suspended for the remainder of the 2007 season for a positive marijuana test. At the time of the incident, both the Denver Broncos and the NFL refused to comment on the situation. <mask> appealed the suspension and his case was taken to Federal courts, allowing him to play until a decision was made. Following the breaking news of <mask>'s reported positive failure, Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan publicly supported <mask>. This led to Shanahan being fined $25,000 by the NFL. <mask> won his appeal on December 4, 2007.<mask> remained in the substance abuse program, but was not suspended. <mask> stated the positive test result was due to second-hand smoke. <mask> is reported as passing a lie detector test, as well as a hair follicle test regarding whether or not he smoked marijuana. On February 21, 2008, <mask> restructured his contract with the Broncos prior to his scheduled $6 million bonus to stay with the team. <mask> had previously stated, "I want to make it right to the Broncos, the fans and myself," he said. "I want to be a Bronco and make it all right. I don't want to be anywhere else.I owe those people something for all that happened last year. I want to clear my name there. I'm so hungry to do right there." On June 2, 2008, <mask> was released from the Denver Broncos just one year into his five-year, $22.5 million deal. "We did not feel his commitment to the Broncos was enough to warrant a spot on this football team," said head coach Mike Shanahan in a prepared statement. "He's just too inconsistent as a person. I'm not going to get into details what he did do or didn't do.If you don't do the little things, obviously you can't count on somebody. So that's why he's released." At the time <mask> was reported to be out of the country and had not yet participated in any Broncos off-season workouts. On July 12, 2008, it was revealed that <mask> had once again tested positive for marijuana and would be suspended for one year. The failed test was reportedly dated in May 2008, showing that he used marijuana five months after winning his appeal. The Broncos stated that the team was not aware of <mask>'s test results at the time he was released. Suspension
On August 31, 2008, <mask> was suspended for at least one year by the NFL for violating the league's substance abuse policy.He was reinstated by the NFL following his release from prison in August 2012. Personal life
<mask> was married once, at age 19, to a woman six years his senior; the marriage was later annulled. He was engaged in 2009, but no marriage has been reported as of January 2016. <mask> has fathered at least 11 children by 10 different women. <mask> has had on-going problems making his child support payments to the mothers of nine of his children. He was arrested in Polk County, Florida in March 2009 and charged with failing to pay $16,600 in child support. His lawyer estimates that he is obligated to pay at least $170,001 per year in child support payments.Drug trafficking arrest
On September 30, 2008, <mask> was arrested by the DEA after allegedly being involved in a multi-kilogram cocaine transaction that occurred in Centennial, Colorado. <mask>, portrayed by court documents "as the ruthless 'money guy' in a cocaine trafficking ring", faces ten years to life on federal drug trafficking charges. On March 31, 2009, <mask> and prosecutors reached a plea agreement; however the filing does not state the charges that <mask> intended to admit guilt. A change-of-plea hearing was scheduled for April 16 by the judge. The plea deal consisted of <mask> accepting a charge of conspiracy to possess cocaine with intent to distribute. Aside from serving ten years to life in prison, <mask> will have to pay $4 million in fines. On July 15, 2009, <mask> was sentenced to three years in federal prison for financing a cocaine trafficking operation.References

External links
Denver Broncos bio
Trafficking Arrest Warrant

1978 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American drug traffickers
American football running backs
American people convicted of drug offenses
American sportspeople convicted of crimes
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Sportspeople from Polk County, Florida
Tennessee Titans players
Tennessee Volunteers football players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople

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title: Herb Kohl

texts:
<mask><mask> (born February 7, 1935) is an American businessman and politician. Alongside his brother and father, the <mask> family created the Kohl's department stores chain and <mask> went on to be president and CEO of Kohl's. <mask> is a former United States Senator from Wisconsin and a member of the Democratic Party. <mask> is also the former owner of the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association. He chose not to seek re-election in 2012 and was succeeded by fellow Democrat Tammy Baldwin. Early life, education, and career
<mask> was born and raised in Milwaukee, the son of Mary (née Hiken) and <mask>. His father was a Polish Jewish immigrant and his mother was a Russian Jewish immigrant.He attended Washington High School. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Wisconsin in 1956 and a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School in 1958. While an undergraduate, he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. He was also a roommate of Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig. Between 1958 and 1964, <mask> was a member of the United States Army Reserve. After finishing graduate school, <mask> worked as an investor in real estate and the stock market, eventually spinning off his own company, Kohl Investments, to manage these assets. He and his brother became heir to a family-owned chain that included 50 grocery stores and several department stores, pharmacies and liquor stores.In 1970, <mask> was named president of Kohl's and served until the corporation was sold to BATUS Inc. (formerly British American Tobacco). <mask> purchased the Milwaukee Bucks from Jim Fitzgerald in 1985 for $18 million to ensure the team remained in Milwaukee. In 2003, he considered an offer to sell the team to former NBA superstar Michael Jordan, but decided to retain ownership. On April 16, 2014, <mask> agreed to sell the Bucks for $550 million to New York-based billionaires Wesley Edens and Marc Lasry. <mask> was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007. On July 22, 2021, <mask> was the key figure of the lead car in the Milwaukee Bucks NBA Championship parade. On the event, he said “This is one of the big days of my life.” <mask> attended the Bucks' 2021-22 season opener at Fiserv Forum and was presented with a Bucks championship ring for his efforts in keeping the Bucks in Milwaukee.Early political career
<mask> served as Chairman of the Wisconsin Democratic Party between 1975 and 1977. U.S. Senate

Committee assignments
 Committee on Appropriations
 Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Defense
 Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies
 Committee on Banking, Housing, Urban Affairs
 Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development
 Subcommittee on Financial Institutions
 Subcommittee on Security and International Trade and Finance
 Committee on the Judiciary (Vice Chairman)
Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Crime and Drugs
 Subcommittee on Terrorism, Technology and Homeland Security
 Special Committee on Aging (Chairman)

Political positions
<mask> has been described as a populist-leaning liberal. <mask> supported President Barack Obama's health reform legislation; he voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in December 2009, and he voted for the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. Fiscal policy
He has voted in favor of most lawsuit reform measures as well as for rules tightening personal bankruptcy. He has long supported amending the U.S. Constitution to require a balanced budget. He was one of the few Democrats to vote for the tax cut passed in 2001, and he also supported the elimination of the "marriage penalty." Despite these views, he has been seen as generally supportive of progressive taxation.Like many moderate Democrats, he voted in favor of the welfare reform measures in the mid-1990s. He is also not opposed to the creation of individual, private savings accounts to supplement Social Security. <mask> has generally had a pro-environmental record and has been an outspoken proponent of American energy independence. He supports increased production of hydrogen cars, establishing a federal goal for reducing oil consumption by 40 percent, and disallowing oil speculation in protected areas. However, he has voted against Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards. <mask> has been rated highly by groups that desire universal health care. He has voted in favor of expanding Medicare and SCHIP and has desired that prescription drugs be included under federal health coverage.During his 2006 re-election campaign, <mask> advocated that HMOs be placed under more scrutiny in order to determine if they're effectively delivering care. Social policy
<mask> is strongly pro-choice and opposes the death penalty. He is highly in favor of affirmative action and supports setting aside funds for women and minorities. Although he voted in favor of the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act, <mask> rejected the proposal to amend the U.S. Constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman and has supported measures that ban discrimination based on sexual orientation. <mask> has consistently voted against the flag desecration amendment and in recent years has voted against restrictions on travel to Cuba and funding for TV Martí. In 2005, he secured a victory for one of his main causes: requiring handguns to be sold with child safety locks. The amendment was attached to the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act, with every Democrat and many Republicans voting in favor of the amendment.Earlier in his career, he helped push the Gun-Free Schools Act which the U.S. Supreme Court overturned in 1995 and has submitted many amendments to that effect. He is a strong supporter of public education and has rejected school vouchers. <mask> has voted in favor of allowing for the establishment of educational savings accounts. Foreign policy
<mask> has voted against many free trade agreements including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and more recently the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) and voted against the Freedom to Farm Act in 1996. However, he has also supported fast-tracking trade normalization with China and establishing free trade with some smaller countries of the developing world. He voted against authorizing the Gulf War in 1990; however, he voted in 2002 to authorize military force in Iraq. <mask> has voted on a number of occasions with more liberal Democrats to reduce military spending, voting against 1996 defense appropriations increases and supporting a veto of funding new military projects.Despite having been among the 98 U.S. Senators who voted for the PATRIOT Act, <mask> subsequently opposed this legislation and has voted to require warrants for wiretapping or the detention of prisoners. Political campaigns
<mask> won election to the U.S. Senate in 1988 with his trademark catchphrase "Nobody's Senator But Yours". He was re-elected in 1994, 2000 and 2006. He did not seek re-election in 2012. Electoral history

Personal life
<mask> is the wealthiest resident of Milwaukee, the richest Jewish American from Wisconsin, and was one of the wealthiest U.S. Senators.In 2016, Forbes estimated <mask>'s net worth to be around $630 million to $1.5 billion. On May 13, 2011, <mask> announced he would not run for re-election in 2012, saying, "The office doesn't belong to me. It belongs to the people of Wisconsin, and there is something to be said for not staying in office too long." On July 22, 2021, <mask> was the key figure of the lead car in the Milwaukee Bucks NBA Championship parade. On the event, he said “This is one of the big days of my life.”

Philanthropy
<mask> donated $25 million to the University of Wisconsin–Madison for construction of its new sports arena, which was named the Kohl Center. In 1990, <mask> established the <mask> Kohl Educational Foundation Achievement Award Program, which provides annual grants totaling $400,000 to 200 graduating seniors, 100 teachers and 100 schools throughout Wisconsin. In 2016, he gave $1.5 million to the La Follette School of Public Affairs to create the Herb Kohl Public Service Research Competition, promoting public policy research.See also
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
List of richest American politicians

References

External links
 Herb Kohl Educational Foundation

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1935 births
Living people
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American businesspeople in retailing
American philanthropists
American Ashkenazi Jews
Businesspeople from Milwaukee
Democratic Party of Wisconsin chairs
Democratic Party United States senators
Harvard Business School alumni
Jewish American people in Wisconsin politics
Jewish American philanthropists
Jewish United States senators
Milwaukee Bucks executives
National Basketball Association owners
Politicians from Milwaukee
United States Army reservists
United States senators from Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Wisconsin Democrats
21st-century American Jews

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