title: Jonny Venters

texts:
<mask> (born March 20, 1985) is an American former professional baseball relief pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Atlanta Braves, Tampa Bay Rays and Washington Nationals. Career

Minor leagues
<mask> was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 30th round of the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft out of Lake Brantley High School. He began his professional career with the Rookie League GCL Braves in 2004. During the 2004 season, <mask> started 8 games and made 11 appearances total, going 1-6 with a 5.74 ERA and 3 saves. In 2005, <mask> was promoted to the Class-A Rome Braves. In 23 games (12 starts), Venters had an 8-6 record and a 3.93 ERA.After undergoing Tommy John surgery in late 2005, <mask> missed the entire 2006 season. In 2007, <mask> was promoted to the Class-A Advanced Myrtle Beach Pelicans. He appeared in 17 games (12 starts), going 3-3 with a 3.39 ERA and 1 save. <mask> was demoted all the way down to the Rookie League level to begin the 2008 season where he posted a 4.70 ERA in 4 starts. He was promoted to Class-A Advanced, where he went 1-2 with a 4.08 ERA in 5 games (3 starts). He was then promoted to the Double-A Mississippi Braves, where he finished the season by going 1-0 with a 1.00 ERA in 3 games (2 starts). All together in the 2008 campaign, <mask> posted a 3.41 ERA, 1 save, and a 2-2 record in 12 total games combined with the three affiliate levels.<mask> started the 2009 season in Double-A, posting a 4-4 record in 12 starts with a 2.76 ERA. He was promoted to the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves, where he finished 4-7 with a 5.62 ERA in 17 starts. Combined with both Minor League levels in 2009, Venters went 8-11 in 29 total starts with a 4.42 combined ERA. After the 2009 season, the Braves added Venters to their 40-man roster with an invitation to spring training. After spring training, <mask> started the 2010 season in Triple-A. After 2 games (1 start), <mask> went 1-0 with a 1.35 ERA until being called up to the Majors. Atlanta Braves
The Braves promoted Venters the major leagues for the first time on April 17, 2010.He made his debut that day against the Colorado Rockies, allowing one hit and no runs over three innings. On July 17, 2010, in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers, <mask> was deemed to have intentionally thrown at Brewers first baseman Prince Fielder. He was ejected from the game along with Braves manager Bobby Cox and later suspended four games, a decision which <mask> later appealed. <mask>' suspension was subsequently overturned. <mask> finished the season with a 1.95 ERA, and ranked sixth in the National League, with 79 games pitched. He was named a relief pitcher on Baseball America's 2010 All-Rookie Team. He tied for 8th in the voting for NL Rookie of the Year, behind Ike Davis of the New York Mets.<mask> became a key part of the Braves bullpen during the 2011 season, serving primarily as the set up man for Craig Kimbrel. Along with Kimbrel and Eric O'Flaherty, the three pitchers became known as O'Ventbrel for their dominance over the last three innings of a ballgame. <mask> was voted a National League All-Star in 2011, striking out Jacoby Ellsbury as part of a successful two-out effort in the top of the eighth inning. <mask> recorded a career-low 1.84 ERA in 2011 and led all pitchers with 85 games played. <mask> struggled throughout the first half of the 2012 season. During a game against the New York Yankees on June 12, 2012, he allowed Alex Rodriguez's 23rd career grand slam. He was placed on the disabled list on July 5, 2012, due to a sore left elbow.He returned to the bullpen on July 22, 2012, where he pitched two scoreless innings versus the Washington Nationals. <mask> finished the 2012 season with a 5-4 record and a 3.32 ERA. <mask> opened the 2013 season on the disabled list with left elbow discomfort. Trying to avoid surgery, he was injected with platelet-rich plasma, but he still was not expected to return until at least late May. However, the procedure was unsuccessful, and on May 16, 2013, <mask> underwent Tommy John surgery for the second time of his career. This naturally eliminated the remainder of his 2013 season. <mask> was placed on the 60-day disabled list on July 4, 2013, to free up a spot on the Braves' 40-man roster as Joey Terdoslavich was promoted from AAA Gwinnett to replace Jordan Schafer on the active roster.After the season, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Braves for the 2014 season, thereby avoiding arbitration. <mask> began the 2014 season on the 60-day disabled list while recovering from surgery, enduring many setbacks in the process. On August 28, 2014, <mask> learned he had torn his ulnar collateral ligament again and would need a third Tommy John surgery to continue his baseball career. The third procedure was performed in September 2014, and prevented Venters from pitching in 2015. On November 19, 2014, the Braves designated <mask> for assignment. He was released two days later. Tampa Bay Rays
On March 11, 2015, <mask> signed a two-year minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays.He did not make an appearance in 2015 as he was still recovering from his third Tommy John surgery. On July 2, 2016, <mask> tore his ulnar collateral ligament once again, but due to the way it was torn, he went through a ligament reattachment instead of going through what would have been his fourth Tommy John surgery. <mask> signed a minor league deal on March 30, 2017. He once again began the season on the 60-day disabled list and did not make any appearances in the Majors in 2017. He elected free agency on November 6, 2017. In December 2017, <mask> rejoined the Rays and was invited to spring training in 2018. On April 25, 2018, the Rays recalled <mask> from Triple-A Durham, approximately 2,027 days since his last big league appearance.The same day, <mask> finally made his way back into the Majors, pitching against the Baltimore Orioles and getting Chris Davis to ground out on four pitches. Return to Atlanta
On July 26, the Rays traded <mask> to the Atlanta Braves for an international signing bonus slot. <mask> finished the 2018 season with a 5-2 record, a 3.67 ERA, and three saves in fifty games pitched all season. At the end of the 2018 season, <mask> received the National League Comeback Player of the Year Award. He agreed to a one-year contract worth $2.25 million for the 2019 season. He was released on May 18, 2019. Washington Nationals
On May 29, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals.His contract was selected on June 25, 2019, and he was called up to the major leagues. Venters made 3 appearances for the Nationals, complying with a 0-1 record and a 5.40 ERA. On August 30, 2019, <mask> underwent left shoulder surgery to repair a torn capsule, therefore ending his season. Overall in 2019, combined with both teams he played for, his ERA was 12.38 with 12 relief appearances. At the time of his absence, the Nationals finished the year with a 93-69 record, clinching a wild card spot, and eventually winning the 2019 World Series over the Astros. Personal life
<mask> married Viviana, whom he began dating in high school, in 2008. The couple has three children.Pitching style
Venters primarily throws a sinker, which he throws with exceptional velocity (93–96 mph). He used that sinker to achieve a near-70% ground ball rate in 2010, leading all qualified MLB pitchers. His superb knuckle curveball is thrown at 85–88 mph. In 2011, it resulted in an extraordinary whiff rate of 71% (the highest for any pitch by any relief pitcher) and was put in play less than 6% of the time. He also has a four-seam fastball in the mid 90s and a changeup in the upper 80s that he began throwing somewhat frequently in 2012 against right-handed hitters. References

External links

1985 births
Living people
People from Pikeville, Kentucky
Baseball players from Kentucky
Lake Brantley High School alumni
Major League Baseball pitchers
National League All-Stars
Atlanta Braves players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Washington Nationals players
Indian River State Pioneers baseball players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Honolulu Sharks players
Rome Braves players
Myrtle Beach Pelicans players
Mississippi Braves players
Gwinnett Braves players
Charlotte Stone Crabs players
Gulf Coast Rays players
Montgomery Biscuits players
Durham Bulls players

masks:
Jonathan William Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
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Venters
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Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
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Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters
Venters


title: Larry Centers

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born June 1, 1968) is a former American football fullback in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons, mostly for his first team, the Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1990–1998). <mask> then played for the Washington Redskins (1999–2000), Buffalo Bills (2001–2002), and finally was a member of the New England Patriots for their second Super Bowl win, in 2003. One of the most prolific pass catching running backs in NFL history, <mask> topped 100 receptions in 1995 and had 99 receptions in 1996. He owns the NFL record for most passes caught by a running back during a career. He was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1995, 1996, and 2001. Early life
<mask> was born in Tyler, Texas and grew up in  Longview. He began playing little league football for the Bramlette Bears as a running back and quarterback during his elementary school years and went on to play in middle school for the Forest Park Eagles and high school for the Longview Lobos until his junior year.He played on both sides of the ball as a defensive back and runnningback and wide receiver. <mask> did not play football at all his junior year of high school. After his family moved to nearby Tatum, where his mother was an administrator in education, <mask> decided to play football again after being urged to do so by his elder brother. After a solid season in Tatum, he earned a scholarship to nearby Stephen F. Austin State University. He was also recruited by Baylor, Texas Tech, and several junior colleges. His brother, Donnie, played for the University of Arkansas and coach Lou Holtz as a wide receiver. College career
After being recruited as a running back, wide receiver, and a defensive back, <mask> began his college football career with the Division I-AA Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks as a wide receiver.As a freshman, he broke his pinky finger on his left hand and was then assigned to play scout team running back and special teams. In his sophomore season against Nevada, an injury to the team's starting running back allowed <mask> a chance to play. In the win, <mask> rushed nine times for 96 yards and finished the season with 100-plus rushing yards in each of the remaining six games. He also led the Lumberjacks in receptions, rushing yards and yards from scrimmage during his junior and senior years. <mask> was a two-time all-Southland Conference pick and set a school record for rushing yards in his senior season. In 1989, with <mask> as their starting running back, the Lumberjacks advanced to the 1989 NCAA Division I-AA Football Championship Game where they lost by a field goal to the Georgia Southern Eagles. Professional career

Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals
After graduating from Stephen F. Austin State University, <mask> was drafted by the Phoenix Cardinals in the fifth round of the 1990 NFL Draft.He saw limited playing time in his first two seasons, as head coach Joe Bugel had doubts on his ability to carry the ball and thought of him as a third-down running back. According to his coaches, <mask> particularly needed work on his pass protection skills and he spent an entire off-season mastering the capability. His playing time started to increase and by 1992, <mask> rushed for 139 yards and caught 50 passes for 417 yards. On October 4, 1992, <mask> scored the winning touchdown against the Washington Redskins with less than a minute remaining to break an 11-game Cardinals losing streak. The game-winning touchdown was the first of <mask>' NFL career. The role of the fullback as a ball carrier was starting to diminish as the NFL game evolved during the 1990s. Yet, <mask>'s offensive numbers only increased as the years went by, especially his receptions and his leadership ability.He caught 66 passes in his fourth NFL season. In 1994, Bugel was fired and replaced by Buddy Ryan. Ryan allowed <mask> more opportunity to run with the ball, carrying the ball a career-high 115 times while catching 77 receptions. In 1995, <mask> had one of the greatest seasons ever of any modern day fullback, recording 101 receptions for 962 yards. He became the first runningback to record 100 receptions. He held the record for most receptions by a running back with 101 until this record was broken by Matt Forte in 2014 with 102. He also rushed for 254 yards, scored four touchdowns, and was selected to the Pro Bowl for the first time.Unfortunately, his team was not successful despite his contributions; they finished the 1995 season with a 4-12 record and Ryan was fired at the end of the year and replaced by Vince Tobin. In 1996, <mask> recorded 99 receptions for 766 yards and seven touchdowns, while also gaining a career-high 425 yards on 116 carries, and he scored two touchdowns on the ground. He was selected to the Pro Bowl for the second year in a row, but once again his team had a disappointing season, finishing with a 7-9 record. <mask> became a free agent after the season. Both the Washington Redskins and the New York Giants were interested in his services, but ultimately he signed a three-year, $7.5 million contract to stay with the Cardinals after switching agents, becoming the fifth highest paid running back in the league. After previously leading the team in receptions the last four seasons, the Cardinals started to try <mask> in different offensive formations at wide receiver. <mask> continued to be a major contributor to the Cardinals, recording 123 receptions and 386 rushing yards over the next two seasons.In his final year with Arizona (1998), the team recorded a 9-7 record and made the playoffs as a wild card. The Cardinals made it all the way to the divisional playoffs before being eliminated in a 41-21 loss to the Minnesota Vikings. <mask> finished his Cardinals career as the team's all-time leading pass catcher. Washington Redskins
Citing durability and salary cap concerns, the Cardinals released <mask> on June 19, 1999. At the time of his release, <mask> was considered "the heart and soul" of the Cardinals offense. He signed with the Washington Redskins and quickly became a team leader, recording 69 receptions in his first season with the team. During a crucial game against the 49ers, <mask> caught a 33-yard touchdown pass in overtime, which made the Redskins the NFC Eastern division champs for the first time since 1991 and gave the team a playoff berth.The Redskins finished the regular season with a 10-6 record but were eliminated in the divisional playoffs by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, 14-13. The following year, he caught 81 passes for 600 yards, rushed for 103 yards, and used his blocking to help running back Stephen Davis achieve star numbers, 1,318 rushing yards and 11 touchdowns. He passed Keith Byars for most receptions by a running back. However, the Redskins recorded only an 8-8 record that year and did not make the playoffs. Buffalo Bills
In 2001, <mask> signed with the Buffalo Bills and made it to his third Pro Bowl appearance, catching 80 passes, this time for a total of 620 yards, with 160 yards rushing and four touchdowns. In the fourth quarter of a 23-20 loss against the Seattle Seahawks, he surpassed Ronnie Harmon's record for most receiving yards by an NFL running back with a two-yard reception. He also surpassed Hall of Famers Charlie Joiner and Michael Irvin to reach the top ten in all-time receptions by a player.New England Patriots
After spending another year with Buffalo, <mask> joined the Patriots in 2003. By this time, 35-year-old <mask>' role as a receiver (along with ball carrier) had diminished. He was released after the sixth game of the season due to a knee injury, before re-signing with the Patriots in December. He recorded 19 receptions for 106 yards and rushed for 82 yards. Still, his blocking contributions as part of the Patriots offense allowed him to earn a Super Bowl ring; New England finished the season with a 14-2 record and went on to defeat the Carolina Panthers 32-29 in Super Bowl XXXVIII. <mask> retired from professional football before the beginning of the 2004 season. Career achievements
In his 14 NFL seasons, <mask> rushed for 2,188 yards, caught 827 passes for 6,797 yards, returned five punts for 30 yards, returned 33 kickoffs for 617 yards and scored 42 touchdowns (14 rushing/28 receiving).<mask>'s 827 receptions are currently the most by any running back and were the most by any non-wide receiver in NFL history, until tight end Tony Gonzalez surpassed this mark in 2008. He caught passes in 128 consecutive games, at one point the third longest streak in the NFL. When <mask> retired, he was 7th in passes caught in league history. Because NFL fullbacks are now almost exclusively used as blockers, <mask> is widely recognized as one of the greatest pass receiving fullbacks ever. References

1968 births
Living people
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football fullbacks
Arizona Cardinals players
Buffalo Bills players
New England Patriots players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Sportspeople from Tyler, Texas
Phoenix Cardinals players
Stephen F. Austin Lumberjacks football players
Washington Redskins players
People from Tatum, Texas
Players of American football from Texas

masks:
Larry Eugene Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
Centers
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Centers
Centers


title: Enamul Karim Nirjhar

texts:
<mask> (born 29 November 1962) is a Bangladeshi architect and filmmaker. <mask> is the founder and principal architect of System Architects. As one of the most prominent architectural studio practicing contemporary architecture of various residential, mixed use, commercial, institutional, industrial, hospitality, community development, and other projects. His eye opening interior design initiative mostly with restaurants during 90s created strong influence on Dhaka city. By that time, he designed different conceptual restaurants in Dhaka, Chittagong and UK like Bukhara, Santoor, Bonanza, White Castle, Asparagus, WE etc. His another idea for horror themed family entertainment restaurant Voot made a huge craze. Later he made his team much more wider for standard architecture practice.Which they called Total Architecture. Some of the notable projects includes British American Tobacco Dhaka headquarters, nina Kabbo, Fera

Very recently <mask> initiated a new collaboration with Indian entrepreneurs and architects and started System Architects India. Furthermore, <mask> is one of the most prominent filmmakers of Bangladesh. His filmography includes two full-length feature films Aha! (2007), Nomuna (2009)

<mask>'s journey as an architect along with film making and song making is culminating towards creating a collaborative platform, EK Nijhar Collaborations which will be aimed towards the creative and intellectual empowerment of a young creative. The first step towards that, EK Nirjaharer Gaan, the collaborative music initiative with artists from West Bengal and Bangladesh is currently going on from the music platform Gaanshala. It hopes to become the biggest music community in south-east Asia.Early life and education
<mask> was born to Muhammad Afsar Ali and Momtaz Begum in Rajshahi. In the mid-1970s, he was admitted to Rajshahi Cadet College. He studied architecture From Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET). Career

Architecture
In 1995 Ek <mask> formed System Architects. From the very beginning he was involved in the process of designing every little detail of all the projects. From mid 90s to 2005 he designed a number of popular restaurants. In 2000 he designed the first ever theatre restaurant in Bangladesh called Asparagus where fine dining combined with live performances was quite a new experience for the food lovers of the city.In 2005 he designed the first horror themed restaurant named Voot ('Ghost' in English) in Dhaka with his regular collaborators. Other restaurants he designed includes White Castle, Bukhara, Santoor, Hotel Agrabad, We in Dhaka, Chittagong and UK where he tried to put his social observations in the form of profiling and performance. Integration of our culture and heritage, empowerment of the craftsmen along with combining other art forms with the design was a key aspect in his design to give a combined thematic restaurant experience. After this period, <mask> designed quite a few residential buildings. He also started a trend of naming and engraving meaningful Bangla words like names of the lost rivers of Bengal, beautiful phrases on the facades of buildings. Some wonderful examples of this can be found in his residential designs like Jethay, Hochhe Hobe and Fera. In 2003, <mask> designed the Head Office Complex of British American Tobacco Dhaka.For which he was awarded with the AYA JK cement Architect of the Year award in 2005. In 2013 he designed conceptual commercial neighborhood titled 'nina Kabbo' where the poems of 12 prominent poets of Bangla literature was used on different faced of the building for the first time in Bangladesh. He was awarded a Berger Award of Excellence in Architecture for the design of the building. Film

<mask> started his film career directing short documentary films on social issues including The Shadow Gap (2003), Tini (The Architect) (2005), and Manush, Koyta, Asche (2006). He released two feature films - Aha! (2007) and Nomuna (2009). The film Aha!won Bangladesh National Film Awards in four categories. It was Bangladesh's submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 2007, but was not nominated. <mask>'s second film, Nomuna (2009), was a dystopian social satire about political turmoil. Apart from directing, he also wrote the story, script, and songs for the film. The eight-song soundtrack was released in September 2009, but the Bangladesh Film Censor Board refused to issue the film a censor certificate. As the founder of 9 STEPS currently he is trying to develop a self-dependent group of creative, technical, commercial professionals who will contribute to future film and media industry with a collective vision. In the process he is proceeding with multiple film projects with a young generation of film enthusiasts.Photography and writing

From an early period, <mask> was very much involved in photography as another of his passions. He participated in several exhibitions with his photography works. Bornodhara (2001), a book of his photography and poetry, was a tribute to the Bangla alphabet and language. <mask> joined the popular humor magazine Unmad and in the mid-1980s became a contributor to the weekly Sachitra Shandhani. He was the initiator of an experimental magazine on cinema named Kino Eye and literary magazine Potito Shubash. He has also written three books of stories: Kanush (2010), Jaa (2012), and Oboshesh Ongshobishesh. Album Ek Nirjharer Gaan is a compilation of 101 Bangla songs written and composed by <mask> and released on label Gaanshala.Song making

Nirjhar is working on a musical project called EK Nirjaharer Gaan. It is the first project in series of projects from EK Nijhar Collaborations that hopes to create a platform for creative and intellectual empowerment for the dedicated people working in the creative industries. With Nirjhar's lyric and tune the first compilation of 101 songs have been published in all major digital platforms. Currently the later versions of the project are going on. All updates of this project can be found on Gaanshala. The first of its kind music platform hopes to become the biggest community of musicians in south-east Asia. Filmography
 Tarona (2001)
 The Shadow Gap (2003)
 Kheyal (2003)
 Kohen (2004)
 Tokhon (2004)
 Ebong Porobashi (2004)
 Tini (The Architect) (2005)
 Manush, Koyta, Ashchhe (2006)

Awards
Architecture
 AYA (2007)
 Excellence in Architecture (2013)
Film
 Bangladesh National Film Awards in 4 categories (2007)
Photography
 National Winner of Kodak Fiap Photography Competition (1992)

References

External links

Living people
1962 births
Bangladeshi architects
Bangladeshi film directors
Best Director National Film Award (Bangladesh) winners
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology alumni

masks:
Enamul Karim Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar
Nirjhar


title: Rocky Johnson

texts:
<mask> (born Wayde Douglas Bowles; August 24, 1944 – January 15, 2020) was a Canadian professional wrestler. Among many National Wrestling Alliance titles, he was the first Black Georgia Heavyweight Champion as well as the NWA Television Champion (2 times). He won the World Tag Team Championship in 1983, along with his partner Tony Atlas, to become the first Black champions in WWE history. He is the father of actor and former WWE wrestler Dwayne "The Rock<mask>. Early life

<mask> was born Wayde Douglas Bowles in Amherst, Nova Scotia, where he was raised, the fourth of five sons of Lillian (; 1919–1996) and James Henry Bowles (1888–1957). A Black Nova Scotian, he was descended from Black Loyalists who immigrated to Nova Scotia after escaping from a southern plantation in the United States after the American Revolutionary War, and also had part-Irish ancestry. At the age of 16, <mask> moved to Toronto, where he began wrestling and worked as a truck driver.Initially, he trained to be a boxer and eventually sparred with greats such as Muhammad Ali and George Foreman, but was always fascinated by wrestling. Professional wrestling career

National Wrestling Alliance (1964–1982)
<mask> began his career as a professional wrestler in 1964 in Southern Ontario; soon after his debut, he legally changed his name to his moniker. He chose the name <mask> as a tribute to two of his favorite boxing greats: <mask> and <mask>, the latter being the first black heavyweight boxing champion. In the late 1960s to mid 1970s, he was a major star in California. In Los Angeles he took on Freddie Blassie, The Destroyer and John Tolos. He was a top contender in the National Wrestling Alliance in the 1970s, receiving title matches against then-World Champions Terry Funk and Harley Race. He was well-suited for tag team wrestling, winning several regional tag team championships in the NWA.<mask> wrestled off and on in the Memphis promotion, often feuding with Jerry Lawler, winning Lawler's crown at one point. He also wrestled under a mask as "Sweet Ebony Diamond" in the Mid-Atlantic area. World Wrestling Federation (1982–1985)
In 1982, <mask>  feuded with Don Muraco, Greg Valentine, Mike Sharpe, Buddy Rose, and Adrian Adonis. He was then paired with Tony Atlas as a tag team. They defeated the Wild Samoans (Afa and Sika) for the Tag Team Championship on the December 10, 1983 episode of Championship Wrestling (taped November 15). They were the first black men to hold a WWF championship. Together, they were billed as "The Soul Patrol".Later career (1985–1991)
After leaving WWF in June 1985, <mask> went to Central States, Tennessee, Hawaii, Portland, Puerto Rico and the independent circuit. In Hawaii, he teamed with his brother <mask>. Retirement

After retiring in 1991, <mask>, along with Pat Patterson, trained his son Dwayne to wrestle. While he initially resisted his son's entry into what he knew to be an extremely difficult business, <mask> agreed to train him on the condition that he would not go easy on him. <mask> was instrumental in getting Dwayne (later dubbed "<mask>" after both <mask>'s and Peter Maivia's ring names) signed to a WWF developmental deal. Initially, <mask> had an on-camera presence at his son's matches, and jumped into the ring on his behalf after he was attacked by The Sultan and The Iron Sheik at WrestleMania 13. <mask> was not seen on-camera again after the <mask> character flopped, and soon Dwayne achieved crossover popularity as a cocky heel, The Rock.In early 2003, <mask> was hired as a trainer for the WWE developmental territory, Ohio Valley Wrestling, but was let go in May. He made a return to the ring, and defeated Mabel in a boxing match at Memphis Wrestling on November 29, 2003. On February 25, 2008, <mask> was announced as an inductee into the WWE Hall of Fame along with his father-in-law, "High Chief" Peter Maivia. Both <mask> and his father-in-law were inducted into the Hall of Fame on March 29, 2008 by his son, The Rock. On December 20, 2019, <mask> joined the Board of Directors of the International Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame. Personal life
<mask> recounted in his autobiography Soulman that he met his first wife, Una Sparks, at a dance while he was training to become a boxer. Una was from Cherrybrook, Nova Scotia and a devout Jehovah's Witness.They had two children, Curtis and Wanda, whom he thanked at his 2008 WWE Hall of Fame induction. While married to Una, he became romantically involved with Ata Fitisemanu Maivia, daughter of wrestling legend "High Chief" Peter Maivia. Ata met <mask> after Maivia and <mask> were tag team partners in a match on the independent circuit. Peter Maivia disapproved of their relationship because <mask> was a wrestler. Their son Dwayne was born May 2, 1972. <mask> stated that, in order to provide for his two families, he adopted a frugal lifestyle on the road; he subsisted on beer, sliced cheese, and bologna, and was not a "partier". He did not reveal if Una knew about Ata and Dwayne, but stated that she gave him an ultimatum to quit wrestling, or they would have to separate as Jehovah's Witnesses "didn't believe in blood sport".He stated that he and Una parted amicably and remained good friends. He obtained a divorce in Texas, then filed for a marriage license in Florida on December 21, 1978 to marry Ata. By marrying her, he became a member of the famous Samoan Anoa'i family. They divorced in 2003. During his wrestling years, <mask> was known for his extra-marital affairs. <mask> was married to Sheila Northern, a speech pathologist, at the time of his death. In 2019, <mask> co-wrote an autobiography alongside Scott Teal, Soulman: The <mask> Story, released October 15 of that year.The book was recalled by the publisher shortly after release, due to payment disputes between <mask> and the co-author. Legal issues
In 1987, <mask> was arrested and charged for rape of a 19 Year-Old Tennessee woman. He claimed he was "set up" by rival wrestlers. the charges had him blacklisted from wrestling, leading him to alcoholism and a strained relationship with his son until several years later when he became sober. In 2000, while working at the Pine Island Community Center in Davie, Florida, <mask> was investigated for several cases of misconduct, including unwanted groping of female coworkers. He later faced charges of battery and theft after he allegedly took home a piece of athletic equipment, as well as allegedly inappropriately grabbing a female coworker. The Broward State Attorney's Office, while noting there was "sufficient evidence" that <mask> had groped his coworker, declined to prosecute because the woman feared the publicity it would bring her.Death

On January 15, 2020, at the age of 75, <mask> died of a pulmonary embolism at the home his son bought for him in Lutz, Florida; the embolism was caused by a blood clot that traveled from a deep vein thrombosis in his leg. B. Brian Blair told the Associated Press that <mask> "thought he had the flu or something" but refused to see a doctor. His son paid tribute, stating, "I'm in pain. You lived a very full, very hard, barrier breaking life and left it all in the ring. I love you dad and I'll always be your proud and grateful son." Hulk Hogan tweeted condolences, describing <mask> as "a great man, great friend" and "one of only a few that was kind and helpful when I first broke in". In popular culture
In his first television acting job, his son Dwayne, known at the time by his ring name The Rock, portrayed his father in a season 1 (1999) episode of That '70s Show titled "That Wrestling Show".He is portrayed by Joseph Lee Anderson in the show Young Rock, based on his son's life. 211 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
St. Louis Wrestling Hall of Fame
(Class of 2008)
World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment
WWF Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tony Atlas
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2008)

References

Further reading

External links

1944 births
2020 deaths
Anoa'i family
Black Canadian sportspeople
Black Nova Scotians
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian expatriate professional wrestlers in the United States
Canadian male professional wrestlers
Canadian people of African-American descent
Canadian people of Irish descent
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
NWA/WCW World Television Champions
People from Amherst, Nova Scotia
People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
People from Davie, Florida
People from Lutz, Florida
People with acquired American citizenship
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Professional wrestlers from Nova Scotia
Professional wrestlers from Toronto
Professional wrestling trainers
Stampede Wrestling alumni
WWE Hall of Fame inductees

masks:
Rocky Johnson
" Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Rocky Johnson
Rocky Marciano
Jack Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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title: Sevinj Osmanqizi

texts:
<mask> () (born 22 June 1969) is a journalist, media personality, author and evening TV show host best known for her serious interviews with various political figures. She is one of the most critical and courageous voices of dissent in broadcasting about Azerbaijan. She is known for her forthright interviewing style, particularly when interrogating politicians. She currently produces and hosts a daily news program on YouTube called: OSMANQIZI TV. <mask> was ANS TV network's Chief Editor and News Director, Founding Chairwoman of WMW. She is the first Azerbaijani woman appointed to a diplomatic post, a CNN World View contributor, and host of the weekly debate programme Open Talk. Biography
She was born <mask>a in Baku, Azerbaijan to a known journalist Osman Mirzayev and his wife, newspaper editor Solmaz Mirzayeva.After the country regained its independence in 1991, her father rose to the position of Senior Advisor to the President of Azerbaijan Republic. <mask>'s father was killed at 53 on the board of MI-8 military helicopter, carrying an international peacekeeping mission team to Nagorno-Karabakh. Her father's tragic death have greatly affected her. After graduating from university, she worked as TV reporter and became popular for her news reports from the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. In 1990's she was one of the first news presenters introducing independent from government reporting, contributing a newer, outspoken quality to Azerbaijani television. In 1992, <mask> demonstrated her distinctive line of questioning in interview with British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. She has regularly made headlines with interviewees such as James Baker, Benazir Bhutto and others.In 1994, <mask> became the first Azerbaijani woman appointed to a diplomatic post when she was named Deputy Spokeswoman of the Foreign Ministry. However her diplomatic career was brief; Later in 1994 she moved to UK to work for BBC World Service. Upon return to Azerbaijan, <mask> became Chief Editor of ANS Independent Broadcast Company. From 2008 to 2011 she hosted the weekly programme Friday with <mask> <mask> and from 2011, the weekly debate show Open Talk. Political Debate Moderator
In 2011, <mask> introduced political special Open Talk, a televised debate between political leaders and public figures. The debates addressed issues of political dialogue, corruption, fair elections, crackdown on political opponents, prisoners of conscience. It was originally intended to have only a short run, but the program became very popular and was duly extended.Political leaders labeled as “radical opposition” and blacklisted for over a decade, appeared in the debate. Media experts characterized the debates as the rare exception in the Azerbaijani media offering pluralism of views. Investigating her father's death
She was 22 when her father, Osman Mirzayev, died. He was an important part of the administration – head of the press bureau and unofficial spokesman for then President Ayaz Mutallibov. She was working at the national television news centre as an intern, and heard the news being announced that a helicopter had crashed in Nagorno Karabakh. No alarm bells rang, because she thought her father was in Ganja. Then the announcer read out the names of the casualties, and suddenly she heard her father's name.The Russian media initially said it was a tragic accident – then later that it had been shot down. The following day, November 21, the chairman of the crash investigation committee announced on TV that the helicopter was shot at by large caliber weapons. Meanwhile, investigators didn't get there till the next day, and were hampered in their inspection of the scene by Russian soldiers. The Russians had recovered the black box from the wreckage and sent it to Russia, but it was soon announced that it had been too badly damaged by fire to provide any information. An official investigation by the Azeri government failed to come to any conclusion, and closed after a few years 'as the area of the crash site was still under occupation'. Eventually, frustrated with the lack of progress in the official investigation, <mask> undertook her own. She traveled to the crash scene, interviewed dozens of eyewitnesses, tracked down the people in charge at the time, former investigators etc.She put together the hundreds of little pieces of evidence she was able to gather, and in 2011, on the 20th anniversary of the crash, the first part of her documentary "Mission of Peace" came out. It showed that the delegation of peacekeepers from Azerbaijan, Russia and Kazakhstan was killed only two days before the planned signing of a peace agreement. Their deaths were a fatal blow to peace talks and plunged Azerbaijan and Armenia into war over Nagorno Karabakh that took over 20,000 lives. Threats, harassment and persecution
Threats, intimidation and violence have been used against Sevinc Osmanqizi to influence her journalism, including death threats and legal persecution. In early January 2015 the Azerbaijani government targeted Sevinc <mask> in its latest attempt to stifle press freedom. While <mask>’s inquisitive, balanced, hard-hitting reporting had long garnered criticism from government officials who prefer to feed citizens propaganda, recent unsubstantiated allegations of libel – a criminal offense in Azerbaijan  – caught her by surprise. In launching libel charges against Osmanqizi over the holidays, the Azerbaijani government was able to expedite the criminal case before she had the opportunity to challenge the allegations.Rights activists described the case as "trumped up charges after being critical of the government." With more than 25 years of professional journalism experience, <mask> is well versed in the language the Azerbaijani government likes to employ against free thinkers – especially those in the media spotlight. She says that, despite her best efforts to honor media ethics – accuracy, objectivity, transparency – she has long been flagged as a “traitor” and a “spy,” false accusations of espionage that come with harsh consequences. The fact that her journalistic talents allowed her to freelance for international news outlets like the BBC and CNN simply fueled government campaigns framing her as a threat to local government. The judge excluded journalists and foreign observers from attending <mask>'s trial. <mask> is no stranger to the dangers of practicing quality journalism in Azerbaijan. She comes from a family of journalists, including her father, Osman Mirzayev, who died on the job.His death ingrained an even deeper passion for truth-seeking and truth-telling in <mask>, who began broadcast reporting at the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and went on to becoming the chief editor of ANS TV and host of a weekly debate program called Open Talk. She also taught journalism at the US-Azerbaijan Journalism Academy. Sadly, she says that if she were still teaching today, she’d advise students to prioritize their safety above all else because the best journalists are thrown in jail, not recognized for their contributions to the nation’s co-called democracy. Since fleeing Azerbaijan for the U.S., she has been active in promoting democracy through her online news channel on YouTube. She has been one of the most popular and critical voices of dissent. She is regularly targeted for her courageous and independent voice. Her online news program OSMANQIZI TV has attracted more than 100,000 subscribers on YouTube.Quotes

Documentaries
 "Black January, Red Carnations" (ANS TV, 2012)
 "Mission of Peace" ( ANS TV, 2011)
 "Mission of Peace-2" (ANS TV, 2012)
 "Civilizations" (BBC World Service, 1999)

References

External links
 Who is Osmanqizi? ANS TV introduces a political special, “Open Talk,” a televised debate between political parties." IREX MSI Index
 My father's helicopter was shut down BBC, Outlook  http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0253ht1
 1news.az interview http://1news.az/interview/148/20131226093015504.html

1969 births
Journalists from Baku
Living people
Azerbaijani television news anchors
Azerbaijani television personalities

masks:
Sevinj Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Sevinj Mirzayev
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Sevinj
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
Osmanqizi
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Osmanqizi


title: David Malet Armstrong

texts:
<mask> (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), often D. M<mask>, was an Australian philosopher. He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008. Keith Campbell said that <mask>'s contributions to metaphysics and epistemology "helped to shape philosophy's agenda and terms of debate", and that <mask>'s work "always concerned to elaborate and defend a philosophy which is ontically economical, synoptic, and compatibly continuous with established results in the natural sciences". Life and career
After studying at the University of Sydney, <mask> undertook a B.Phil. at the University of Oxford and a Ph.D. at the University of Melbourne. He taught at Birkbeck College in 1954–55, then at the University of Melbourne from 1956 to 1963.In 1964, he became Challis Professor of Philosophy at the University of Sydney, where he stayed until his retirement in 1991. During his career, he was a visiting lecturer at a number of institutions including Yale, Stanford, the University of Notre Dame, the University of Texas at Austin and Franklin and Marshall College. In 1974, when the University of Sydney's Philosophy department split into two departments—the Department for General Philosophy and the Department for Traditional and Modern Philosophy—<mask> joined the latter along with <mask> and Keith Campbell, while the former department pursued more radical politics and taught courses on Marxism and feminism. The two departments were reunified in 2000. <mask> married Jennifer Mary de Bohun Clark in 1982 and had step children. He previously married Madeleine Annette Haydon in 1950. He also served in the Royal Australian Navy, in which his father had been a commodore.In 1950, <mask> formed an Anti-Conscription Committee with <mask> and Eric Dowling, all three former students of John Anderson, the Australian philosopher, who then began to support conscription and also believed that anti-conscription opinions ought to be suppressed. To mark the 50th anniversary in 2014 of <mask>'s appointment to the Challis Chair of Philosophy at Sydney University, Quadrant magazine published a tribute to him (originally written in 1991) by <mask> and an overview of <mask>'s work by Andrew Irvine. Philosophy
<mask>'s philosophy is broadly naturalistic. In Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, <mask> states that his philosophical system rests upon "the assumption that all that exists is the space time world, the physical world as we say". He justifies this by saying that the physical world "seems obviously to exist" while other things "seem much more hypothetical". From this fundamental assumption flows a rejection of abstract objects including Platonic forms. <mask>'s development as a philosopher was influenced heavily by John Anderson, <mask>, and J. J. C. Smart, as well as by Ullin Place, Herbert Feigl, Gilbert Ryle and G. E. Moore.<mask> collaborated with C. B. Martin on a collection of critical essays on John Locke and George Berkeley. <mask>'s philosophy, while systematic, does not spend any time on social or ethical matters, and also does not attempt to build a philosophy of language. He once described his slogan as 'Put semantics last' and, in Universals & Scientific Realism, he rebuts an arguments in favour of Plato's theory of forms that rely on semantics by describing "a long but, I think, on the whole discreditable tradition which tries to settle ontological questions on the basis of semantic considerations". Metaphysics

Universals
In metaphysics, <mask> defends the view that universals exist (although Platonic uninstantiated universals do not exist). Those universals match up with the fundamental particles that science tells us about. <mask> describes his philosophy as a form of scientific realism. <mask>'s universals are "sparse": not every predicate will have an accompanying property, but only those which are deemed basic by scientific investigation.The ultimate ontology of universals would only be realised with the completion of physical science. Mass would thus be a universal (subject to mass not being discarded by future physicists). <mask> realises that we will need to refer to and use properties that are not considered universals in his sparse ontology—for instance, being able to refer to something being a game (to use the example from Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations). <mask> then suggests that a supervenience relation exists between these second order properties and the ontologically authentic universals given to us by physics. <mask>'s theory of universals treats relations as having no particular ontological difficulty, they can be treated in the same way non-relational properties are. How <mask>'s theory of universals deals with relations with varying adicities has been raised as an issue by Fraser MacBride. MacBride argues that there can be relations where the number of terms in the relation varies across instances.<mask>'s response is to affirm a theory he describes as the Principle of Instantial Invariance, wherein the adicity of properties are essential and invariant. According to <mask>, complex relations which seem to challenge the principle are not ontologically real but are second-order properties that can be reduced to more basic properties that subscribe to the Principle of Instantial Invariance. <mask> rejects nominalist accounts of properties that attempt to align properties simply with classes. Coextension is a problem they face: if properties are simply classes, in a world where all blue things are also wet, and all wet things are also blue, class nominalists are unable to draw a distinction between the property of being blue and being wet. He provides an analogy to the argument in Euthyphro: to say that electrons are electrons because they are part of the class of electrons puts the cart before the horse. They are part of the class of electrons because they are electrons. In <mask>'s view, nominalisms can also be criticised for producing a blob theory of reality.Objects have structure: they have parts, those parts are made of molecules, which are in turn made up of atoms standing in relation to one another, which are in turn made up of subatomic particles and so on. Blobbiness also threatens Platonic universals: a particular instantiating a universal in a world of Platonic universals becomes a matter of the blob-particular having a relation to a universal elsewhere (in the Platonic heaven, say), rather than having an internal relation in the way that a chemical element does to a constituent atom. <mask> further rejects nominalisms that deny that properties and relations exist in reality because he suggests that these sorts of nominalisms, specifically referring to what he calls class nominalism, and resemblance nominalism, postulate primitives of either class membership or resemblance. This primitive results in a vicious regress for both kinds of nominalisms, <mask> suggests, thus motivating his states-of-affairs based system that unites properties by postulating a primitive tie of instantiation  based on a fact-ontology, called states of affairs. In terms of the origin of <mask>'s view of universals, <mask> says his view of universals is "relatively unexplored territory" but points to Hilary Putnam's 1970 paper 'On Properties' as a possible forerunner. He also says that "Plato in his later works, Aristotle and the Scholastic Realists were ahead of contemporary philosophy in this matter, although handicapped by the relative backwardness of the science and the scientific methodology of their day". States of affairs
Central to <mask>'s philosophy is the idea of states of affairs ("facts" in Russell's terminology): in Sketch for a Systematic Metaphysics, <mask> claims that states of affairs are "the fundamental structures in reality".A state of affairs roughly put is an instantiation of a particular and a universal: a state of affairs might be that a particular atom exists, instantiating a universal (say, that it is of a particular element, if chemical elements are ultimately accepted as part of <mask>'s universals). The particulars in <mask>'s ontology must have at least one universal—just as he rejects uninstantiated universals, he also rejects "unpropertied particulars". <mask> argues that states of affairs are distinct things in ontology because they are more than the sum of their parts. If some particular a has a non-symmetric relation R to another particular b, then R (a, b) differs from R (b, a). It may be the case that R (a, b) obtains in the world but R (b, a) does not. Without states of affairs instantiating the particulars and universals (including relations), we cannot account for the truth of the one case and the falsity of the other. Laws of nature
<mask>'s theory of universals gives him the basis for an understanding of laws of nature as being relations between universals, a non-Humean account of laws of nature proposed independently by <mask>, Michael Tooley, and Fred Dretske.This account posits that the relations between universals are truthmakers for the statements about physical laws, and it is realist as it accepts that laws of nature are a feature of the world rather than just a way we talk about the world. <mask> identifies the laws as holding between universals rather than particulars as an account of laws involving just particulars rather than universals would not adequately explain how laws of nature operate in the case of counterfactuals. To illustrate the theory, Stephen Mumford gives the example of all ravens are black. Under the theory of <mask>, Tooley and Dretske, there is a relation of necessity between the universals ravenhood and blackness, rather than there being a relationship with every single raven. This allows the explanation of laws of nature that have not been instantiated. Mumford cites the frequently-used example of the moa bird: "It is supposed that every bird of this now-extinct species died at a young age, though not because of anything in its genetic makeup. Rather, it died mainly because of some virus that just happened to sweep through the population.One bird could have escaped the virus only to be eaten by a predator on the day before its fiftieth birthday." Under the theory of <mask>, Tooley and Dretske, such a coincidence would not be a law of nature. Dispositions
<mask> rejects dispositionalism, the idea that dispositional properties (or powers as they are sometimes referred to) are ontologically significant and have an important role in explaining laws of nature. <mask> believes that the challenge that dispositionalism presents for his account of laws of nature is not in the case of manifested dispositions (say, a glass dropping on the ground and breaking) but unmanifested dispositions (the fact that counter factually if one were to drop the glass on the ground, it would break). <mask> simply states that the disposition is simply in the nature of the instantiated properties of the thing which is supposed to have the disposition. Truth and truthmakers
Regarding truth, <mask> holds to what he describes as a "maximalist version" of truthmaker theory: he believes that every truth has a truthmaker, although there doesn't necessarily exist a one-to-one mapping between truth and truthmaker. The possibility of one to many relations between truths and truthmakers is a feature that <mask> believes allows truthmaker theory to answer some of the criticisms levelled at older correspondence theories of truth (of which he believes truthmaker theory to be an improved version).Negative truths have truthmakers in <mask>'s account: he gives the example of a wall that is painted green. The wall being painted green is a truth for the proposition that it is not painted white and the proposition that it is not painted red and so on. The difficulty in providing an adequate account of truthmakers for events in the past is one reason <mask> gives for rejecting presentism—the view that only the present exists (another reason being the incompatibility of such a view with special relativity). Presentists, <mask> argues, must either deny that truthmakers are needed for statements about the past, or account for them "by postulating rather strange truthmakers". Mind
<mask> holds to a physicalist, functionalist theory of the mind. He initially was attracted to Gilbert Ryle's The Concept of Mind and the rejection of Cartesian dualism. <mask> did not accept behaviourism and instead defended a theory he referred to as the "central-state theory" which identifies mental states with the state of the central nervous system.In A Materialist Theory of Mind, he accepted that mental states such as consciousness exist, but stated that they can be explained as physical phenomena. <mask> attributes his adoption of the central-state theory to the work of J. J. C. Smart—specifically the paper 'Sensations and Brain Processes'—and traces the lineage from there to Ullin Place's 1956 paper 'Is Consciousness a Brain Process?' Stephen Mumford said that <mask>'s A Materialist Theory of Mind "represents an authoritative statement of Australian materialism and was, and still is, a seminal piece of philosophy". Epistemology
<mask>'s view of knowledge is that the conditions of knowledge are satisfied when you have a justified true belief that you arrived at through a reliable process: that is, the belief was caused by some factor in the external world (hence the label of externalism). <mask> uses the analogy of a thermometer: as a thermometer changes to reflect the temperature of the environment it is in, so must one's beliefs if they are reliably formed. The connection between knowledge and the external world, for <mask>, is a nomological relationship (that is, a law of nature relationship). Here, <mask>'s view is broadly similar to that of Alvin Goldman and Robert Nozick.The intuitions that lead to this kind of externalism led Alvin Plantinga towards an account of knowledge that added the requirement for 'properly-functioning' cognitive systems operating according to a design plan. Belief
On the question of the relationship between beliefs and knowledge, <mask> defends a "weak acceptance" of the belief condition, namely that if a person can be said to know some thing p, he or she believes p. In a paper for the Aristotelian Society, <mask> rejects a series of linguistic arguments for a rejection of the belief condition which argue that one can have knowledge without having belief because a common usage of the word 'belief' is to imply lack of knowledge—<mask> gives the example of if you asked a man on a railway station whether the train has just left and he said "I believe it has", you would take from this that he does not know that it has. <mask> also argues that contradictory beliefs show that there is a connection between beliefs and knowledge. He gives the example of a woman who has learned her husband is dead but cannot bring herself to believe her husband is dead. She both believes and disbelieves her husband is dead: it just happens that one of her two beliefs is justified, true and satisfies some knowledge conditions. <mask> presents a response to Colin Radford's modified version of the "unconfident examinee" example. A student is asked when Queen Elizabeth I died, and he hesitatingly answers "1603" and exhibits no confidence in his answer.He has forgotten that at some point previously, he studied English history. Radford presents this as an example of knowledge without belief. But <mask> differs on this: the unconfident examinee has a belief that Queen Elizabeth I died in 1603, he knows that she died in 1603, but he does not know that he knows. <mask> rejects the KK Principle—that to know some thing p, one must know that one knows p. <mask>'s rejection of the KK Principle is consistent with his wider externalist project. Bibliography

Books

Selected articles

Miscellaneous

See also
 Moderate realism
 "The Nature of Mind"

References

Further reading

External links
 Guide to the Papers of <mask>
 <mask>'s Curriculum Vitae
 P. Forrest, '<mask>, D.M.' in A Companion to Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand (archived)
 <mask> (1926-2014), Sydney philosopher (video)
 <mask>'s Pufendorf Lectures 2004
 <mask> speaks about his teacher John Anderson

1926 births
2014 deaths
20th-century Australian philosophers
21st-century Australian philosophers
Analytic philosophers
People from Melbourne
Epistemologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Metaphysicians
Philosophers of mind
University of Sydney alumni
University of Sydney faculty

masks:
David Malet Armstrong
. Armstrong
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David Stove
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David Stove
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David Stove
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David Armstrong
David Armstrong
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David Armstrong
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Armstrong


title: Yajaira Sierra-Sastre

texts:
Dr. <mask> is a Puerto Rican materials scientist, educator, and aspiring astronaut. She was part of a six-person crew, and the only Hispanic, selected to participate in a four-month-long, Mars analog mission funded by NASA. Sierra-Sastre aspires to become the first Puerto Rican woman to travel to outer space. Early years
Sierra-Sastre was born in Guayama, Puerto Rico, and raised in the town of Arroyo where she received her secondary education. Throughout her childhood, she dreamed of becoming an astronaut. After graduating from Carmen Bozello de Huyke High School, she attended the Mayagüez Campus of the University of Puerto Rico where she earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry. After teaching to middle and high school students for a year and a half, Sierra-Sastre participated in a summer research experience program for teachers at Stanford University, where she was first introduced to nanotechnology research.During that time, she was trained in the self-assembly of mono-molecular films. Upon returning to Puerto Rico, she enrolled in graduate Environmental Health courses at the School of Public Health at the University of Puerto Rico Medical Science Campus and graduate Chemistry courses at the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras. Sierra-Sastre then attended Cornell University, where she earned a Ph.D. in 2009 in Nanomaterials Chemistry and specialized in the bionanofabrication of semiconductor nanowires. As part of her doctoral studies, Sierra-Sastre researched at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Among the scientific works which she has co-authored is the 2008 article "Vertical Growth of Ge Nanowires from Biotemplated Au Nanoparticle Catalysts," published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, volume 130, issue 10488. After completing her PhD, Sierra-Sastre worked as a senior research scientist and microscopist at two nanotechnology start-up companies in Ithaca, New York where she designed, developed and characterized nanostructured coatings for medical devices/diagnostics, lithium ion batteries, and the textile sector. Sierra-Sastre also served as a research scientist and project manager at the U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing's (BEP's) Office of Technology Development until April 2020.She now serves as a Project Manager at NASA supporting the Mars Sample Return  and lunar VIPER (Volatile Investigating Polar Exploration Rover) missions. NASA's Mars simulation project
One of the biggest food challenges astronauts face is menu fatigue. If the overall food intake declines, astronauts are at risk of nutritional deficiency, loss of bone and muscle mass, and lethargy. In 2013, the NASA Human Research Program funded a project called "HI-SEAS," an acronym for “Hawaii Space Exploration Analog and Simulation,” to determine the best way to keep astronauts well nourished during multiple-year missions to Mars or the moon. A planetary module was built on the Hawaiian island of Mauna Loa, which simulates the living conditions for astronauts at a future base on Mars. It is believed that the saddle area side of the island resembles a Martian environment. After receiving more than 700 applications for positions as crew members of the simulated Mars mission, NASA and researchers from Cornell University and the University of Hawaii at Mānoa chose six astronaut-like individuals.Sierra-Sastre was part of the selected crew with qualifications similar to those required by NASA for their astronaut applicants. The other five are Dr. Oleg Abramov, Simon Engler, Kate Greene, Dr. Sian Proctor and Dr. Angelo Vermeulen. Three additional individuals made up the reserve crew. Prior to the four-month mission, which began in March 2013, the crew participated in a two-week training session. Once the mission began the crew was not allowed to have any communication with the outside world, except for limited e-mail, and simulated space suits were required if they stepped outside the module. During the mission they tested new forms of food and food preparation strategies for deep-space travel. Sierra-Sastre also researched pre-market anti-microbial fabrics and how long they lasted, which is important given the limited water availability on a space mission.Members of the crew were given items such as shirts, bedsheets, and socks, and were asked to fill out surveys rating qualitative factors like odor, comfort, and appearance. Samples were also taken from the fabrics after use to measure the microbial growth. Research teams from Johnson Space Center also provided exercise and sleep clothing for testing during the mission, in preparation for an International Space Station technology demonstration in 2014. Sierra-Sastre and her colleagues emerged from the space habitat on August 13, ending the four-month simulated mission. Astronaut applicant
Sierra-Sastre has been a highly qualified applicant for the NASA Astronaut Candidate Program and aspires to become the first Puerto Rican woman to fly to space. Informal Science Education and Public Outreach
A teacher-turned scientist, Yajaira is extremely passionate about STEM education and has collaborated with numerous organizations for the execution of citizen-science initiatives in the Americas. In 2016 she assembled a team of students, educators, scientists, engineers, and makers who designed a CubeSat payload that flew onboard Project Perlan's glider during a high-altitude flight in Calafate, Argentina.Sierra-Sastre has also collaborated in the development of educational science videos about the contributions of Puerto Rican scientists in the field of space exploration. <mask> is the former Chair of the PoSSUM 13, a talented group of thirteen women professionals from Project PoSSUM who serve as global ambassadors for STEM and space. The smallest National Anthem ever written
Sierra-Sastre also collaborated in a variety of STEM education and public outreach projects with the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network and the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, including writing the smallest anthem ever written La Borinqueña Más Pequeña (the Puerto Rican national anthem). See also

List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program
Puerto Rican scientists and inventors
History of women in Puerto Rico

Notes

References

1977 births
Living people
Scientists from Ithaca, New York
People from Arroyo, Puerto Rico
People from Guayama, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican scientists
Cornell University alumni
University of Puerto Rico alumni
HI-SEAS
21st-century Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican women scientists
21st-century American women

masks:
Yajaira Sierra Sastre
Yajaira


title: David "Fathead" Newman

texts:
<mask> "Fathead" <mask> (February 24, 1933 – January 20, 2009) was an American jazz and rhythm-and-blues saxophonist, who made numerous recordings as a session musician and leader, but is best known for his work as a sideman on seminal 1950s and early 1960s recordings by Ray Charles. The AllMusic Guide to Jazz wrote that "there have not been many saxophonists and flutists more naturally soulful than <mask> 'Fathead' <mask>." <mask> was a leading exponent of the "Texas Tenor" saxophone style, a big-toned, bluesy approach popularized by jazz tenor players from that state. Early life
<mask> was born in Corsicana, Texas, United States, on February 24, 1933, but grew up in Dallas, where he studied first the piano and then the saxophone. According to one account, he got his nickname "Fathead" in school when "an outraged music instructor used it as an epithet after catching Mr. <mask> playing a Sousa march from memory rather than from reading the sheet music, which rested upside down on the stand." Inspired by the jump blues bandleader Louis Jordan, <mask> took up the alto saxophone in the seventh grade, and was mentored by former Count Basie saxophonist Buster Smith. He went off to Jarvis Christian College on a music and theology scholarship but quit school after three years and began playing professionally.Career
<mask> began his career playing mostly jazz and blues, with a number of musicians that included Buster Smith, pianist Lloyd Glenn, and guitarist bandleaders Lowell Fulson and T-Bone Walker. Sideman and soloist with Ray Charles
<mask> met and befriended Ray Charles in early 1951 when Charles was playing piano and singing with the Lowell Fulson band. <mask> joined Charles' band in 1954 as a baritone saxophone player, but later switched to tenor and became Charles' principal saxophone soloist after tenor saxophonist Don Wilkerson left the band. Many of Charles' seminal recordings during the 1950s and early 1960s feature a saxophone solo by <mask>. These include hits such as "Lonely Avenue", "Swanee River Rock", "Ain't That Love", "The Right Time" (with <mask> on alto sax), and "Unchain My Heart". Although his solos were short in duration, they became, as the New York Times later noted, "crucial to the Ray Charles sound". Atlantic Records' producer Jerry Wexler, who signed Charles to the label ( Jerry Wexler started at Atlantic in 1953, Ray Charles's contract was bought by Ahmet Ertegun for 2500 dollars in 1952 from Swingtime Records, therefore Jerry Wexler did not signed Ray Charles ), called <mask>' "alter ego on tenor".Charles said that <mask> "could make his sax sing the song like no one else". As <mask> himself put it, "I became famous for playing 8-bar and 12-bar solos!" In 1959, <mask> released his debut album as a leader, Fathead: Ray Charles Presents <mask>, with Charles playing piano. He stayed with Charles' band until 1964, and rejoined the group in 1970–1971. Later work
After leaving Charles' band, <mask> worked with Herbie Mann's band in 1970-71, and recorded albums for Atlantic, Warner Bros., Prestige and Muse. <mask> did session work with a variety of artists, including Aretha Franklin, B.B. King, Joe Cocker, Gregg Allman, Dr. John, and Natalie Cole on her Unforgettable album.He also worked as a sideman with Jimmy Scott, B.B. King, and Lou Rawls. He also scored films and performed in the Robert Altman film Kansas City and did a national tour with the band from that 1996 film for Verve records. In 1990 he was nominated for a Grammy Award for recordings with Art Blakey and Dr. John. Over the years up to 2008, <mask> recorded over thirty-eight albums under his own name, including his first, Fathead, Ray Charles Presents <mask>Fathead' <mask>, recorded in 1958, but not released until 1960, and the second, The Sound of the Wide Open Spaces!!! !, with James Clay, produced by Cannonball Adderley. He also played R&B and blues, appearing on recordings with Jimmy Scott, Stanley Turrentine, Aretha Franklin, B.B. King, the Average White Band, Jimmy McGriff, Eric Clapton, John Stein, Natalie Cole, Hank Crawford, Aaron Neville, Queen Latifah, Richard Tee, Dr. John, Cheryl Bentyne of the Manhattan Transfer, and country-rock/tex-mex artist Doug Sahm. The late Roy Hargrove, trumpeter, band leader and composer (1969-2018) credits hearing Mr. <mask> play while Hargrove was still a high school student and being enthralled by his jazz improvisation. Mr. <mask> performed with Hargrove and recorded several tunes on Hargrove's 1995 album entitled Family. Personal life
<mask> was portrayed by Bokeem Woodbine in the 2004 Ray Charles biopic Ray starring Jamie Foxx. While praising Foxx's performance as Ray Charles, <mask> disputed the accuracy of the film's depiction of himself, in particular its portrayal of him as having introduced Charles to hard drugs. <mask> died in Kingston, New York, on January 20, 2009, at the age of 75 of pancreatic cancer.Discography

As leader/co-leader
 Fathead: Ray Charles Presents <mask> 'Fathead' <mask> (Atlantic, recorded 1958)
 The Sound of the Wide Open Spaces!!! !, with James Clay (Riverside, 1960)
 Straight Ahead (Atlantic, 1961)
 Fathead Comes On (Atlantic, 1962)
 House of David (Atlantic, 1967)
 Double Barrelled Soul (Atlantic, 1968) with Jack McDuff
 Bigger & Better (Atlantic, 1968)
 The Many Facets of <mask> (Atlantic, 1968)
 Captain Buckles (Cotillion, 1971)
 Lonely Avenue (Atlantic, 1972)
 The Weapon (Atlantic, 1973)
 Newmanism (Atlantic, 1974)
 Mr. Fathead (Warner Bros., 1976)
 Front Money (Warner Bros., 1977)
 Concrete Jungle (Prestige, 1978)
 Keep the Dream Alive (Prestige, 1978)
 Scratch My Back (Prestige, 1979)
 Resurgence! (Muse, 1981)
 Still Hard Times (Muse, 1982)
 Heads Up (Atlantic, 1987)
 Fire! Live at the Village Vanguard (Atlantic, 1989) with Hank Crawford, Stanley Turrentine
 Blue Head (Candid, 1989)  with Clifford Jordan
 Blue Greens & Beans (Timeless, 1990) with Marchel Ivery & the Rein de Graaff Trio
 Return to the Wide Open Spaces (Amazing, 1990) with Ellis Marsalis Jr. and Cornell Dupree
 Bluesiana Triangle (Windham Hill, 1990) with Bluesiana Triangle
 Bluesiana II (Windham Hill, 1991) with Bluesiana Triangle
 Mr. Gentle Mr. Cool (Kokopelli, 1994)
 Under a Woodstock Moon (Kokopelli, 1996)
 Chillin' (HighNote, 1999)
 Keep the Spirits Singing (HighNote, 2001)
 Davey Blue (HighNote, 2001)
 The Gift (HighNote, 2003)
 Song for the New Man (HighNote, 2004)
 I Remember Brother Ray (HighNote, 2005)
 Cityscape (HighNote, 2006)
 Life (HighNote, 2007)
 Diamondhead (HighNote, 2008)
 The Blessing (HighNote, 2009)

As sideman
With Laverne Butler
 A Foolish Thing to Do (Maxjazz, 2000)

With Ray Charles
 The Great Ray Charles (Atlantic, 1957)
 Yes Indeed! (Atlantic, 1958)
 Ray Charles at Newport (Atlantic, 1958)
 What'd I Say (Atlantic, 1959)
 The Genius of Ray Charles (Atlantic, 1959)
 Ray Charles in Person (Atlantic, 1960)
 The Genius Hits the Road (ABC-Paramount, 1960)
 The Genius After Hours (Atlantic, 1961)
 Sweet & Sour Tears (ABC-Paramount, 1964)
 Jazz at the Philharmonic: Ray Charles - Berlin, 1962 (Pablo, 1996)

With Hank Crawford
 The Soul Clinic (Atlantic, 1962)
 From the Heart (Atlantic, 1962)
 Double Cross (Atlantic, 1968)
 Mr. Blues Plays Lady Soul (Atlantic, 1969)
Night Beat (Milestone, 1989)
Tight (Milestone, 1996)

With Cornell Dupree
 Teasin'  (Atlantic, 1974)

With Eddie Harris
 The Electrifying Eddie Harris (Atlantic, 1967)
With Randy Johnston
Detour Ahead (HighNote, 1998 [2001])
With JW-Jones
 Kissing in 29 Days (NorthernBlues, 2006)

With B.B.King
 There Must Be a Better World Somewhere (MCA, 1981)
 Let the Good Times Roll (MCA, 1999)

With Charles Kynard
 The Soul Brotherhood (Prestige, 1969)

With Junior Mance
 I Believe to My Soul (Atlantic, 1968)
 Live at the Top (Atlantic, 1968)
 Truckin' and Trakin' (Bee Hive, 1983)

With Herbie Mann
 The Inspiration I Feel (Atlantic, 1968)
 Mississippi Gambler (Atlantic, 1972)
 Hold On, I'm Comin' (Atlantic, 1973)
 First Light (Atlantic, 1974)
 Waterbed (Atlantic, 1975)
 Surprises (Atlantic, 1976)
 Reggae II (Atlantic, 1976)

With Arif Mardin
 Journey (Atlantic, 1974)
With Jimmy McGriff
The Starting Five (Milestone, 1987)
The Dream Team (Milestone, 1997)
Straight Up (Milestone, 1998)
Feelin' It (Milestone, 2001)
With Meeco
 Amargo Mel (Connector, 2009)

With Jane Monheit
 Never Never Land (N-Coded, 2000)
With Buddy Montgomery
Ties of Love (Landmark, 1987)
So Why Not? (Landmark, 1988)
With Lee Morgan
 Sonic Boom (Blue Note, 1967)

With Don Patterson
 Mellow Soul (Prestige, 1967)

With Jimmy Scott
 All the Way (Sire, 1992)

With Shirley Scott
 Shirley Scott & the Soul Saxes (Atlantic, 1969)

With Lonnie Smith
 Think! (Blue Note, 1968)
 Boogaloo to Beck: A Tribute (Scufflin' Records, 2003)

With John Stein
 Green Street (Challenge, 1999)

Other appearances
 The Atlantic Family Live at Montreux (Atlantic, 1977)

References

External links
 Starpulse.com
 <mask> "Fathead" <mask> page at Artist Direct. Worcester Radio Interview with <mask>
 [ <mask> Newman discography at AllMusic.com]
 <mask> "Fathead" Newman discography at Jazzlists

<mask> "Fathead" Newman interview on In Black America, January 8, 1985 at the American Archive of Public Broadcasting

1933 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century saxophonists
African-American saxophonists
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Hard bop saxophonists
Jazz-blues saxophonists
Mainstream jazz saxophonists
Musicians from Dallas
People from Corsicana, Texas
Soul-jazz saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Texas
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
HighNote Records artists
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American people

masks:
David
Newman
David
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman Charles
Newman
Newman
Newman
David Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
David '
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
David
Newman
David Newman
David
Newman
David Newman
David
David
David


title: Henri Julien (motor sports)

texts:
<mask> (18 September 1927 – 13 July 2013) was a French racing car driver and motor sports team founder. He founded and managed the Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (AGS) racing team, which participated in the European Formula Two Championship and Formula 1 in the 1970s and 1980s. Biography

<mask>'s father ran a petrol station with an affiliated car garage in the Provençale village Gonfaron with the name Garage de l'Avenir ("Garage of the Future"). After his apprenticeship, which he conducted partly in Toulon, he managed the company since 1947. During the 1946 Grand Prix season, <mask> visited the Grand Prix at Nice, one of the earliest competitions after World War II, and developed an interest in motor sports. Racing driver
In 1950, <mask> designed his first single seater racing car based on Simca components for junior teams up to 500 cc and drove this competitively. A second car was built in 1952, which had a BMW engine.In 1957, he built his JH3, also known as the Julien-Panhard. This car had an 850 cc two-cylinder Panhard engine and front wheel drive as well as several Panhard production components. At the end of the 1950s, <mask> focussed on the recently established Formula Junior. He modified his cars according to the rules of this class, but participated personally only in a few races in southern France. <mask> participated in 1959 with his <mask>hard at the Grand Prix of Monaco Junior in Formula Junior. He qualified and finished in 19th place, after being lapped 4 times by the winner, Michael May, in a Stanguellini. <mask> entered once again in Monte Carlo in 1960 with the slightly modified JH4 version of this car with a smaller radiator face, but he did not participate in the race for unknown reasons.Some sources say that he had not qualified, others state that he did not try at all. In 1959, <mask> ceased trying to build his own race cars. In the 1960s, he occasionally drove cars of other manufacturers in lesser classes including Formula 3. In 1964, he registered a Lotus 22 with a Ford engine for a Formula 3 race in southern France. He participated in the Coupe de Vitesse at Pau but retired after 13 laps with a faulty brake system. He didn't qualify for the Formula 3 Grand Prix of Monaco, where he wanted to start for the Team Écurie Méditerranée. In 1965, <mask> started once again in Formula 3.He registered an Alpine 270 with a Renault engine for the Coupe de Vitesse in Pau but didn't qualify. Shortly after, at the age of 38, he retired from competing in races. However, it was reported that he continued training French drivers within the French Formula 3. Motorsports team owner

<mask> founded the company Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives (AGS) (Sportscars from Gonfaron), which was located in his Garage de l'Avenir. Together with his mechanic Christian Vanderpleyn, who took an apprenticeship with <mask> in 1959 and 1960, he started the production of his own racing cars. AGS initially served the smaller classes such as Formule France, Formula Renault and Formula 3, but from 1978 he participated in Formula 2 and from 1986 to 1991 in Formula 1. AGS always maintained a works team, and participated in all series under the AGS brand.<mask> was team owner and coach of the racing team until 1989. Under <mask>'s management, the AGS team achieved three victories in seven years in Formula 2: Richard Dallest won twice in the 1980 season, and Philippe Streiff won in the 1984 season. He entered the motor sports history as the winner of the last race of Formula 2. During the 1986 Formula One season, <mask> took the opportunity to get involved in Formula 1. The French Formula 1 team Renault F1 retired at the end of the 1985 Formula One season and sold essential parts of its equipment to <mask>. <mask> and Christian Vanderpleyn used these parts for their first Formula 1 car, the AGS JH21C which was powered by a 1.5-litre turbocharged engine by Motori Moderni. Financial backing came from Jolly Club of Italy.The team showed up first at the 1986 Italian Grand Prix. The only driver was Ivan Capelli. AGS was the smallest Formula 1 team of the 1980s with only 6 employees including the driver, while the more established teams had more than 100 employees at that time. In Monza, the team managed to qualify, as well as in Portugal a few weeks later, but it failed to see the chequered flag. The following year, AGS scored its first championship point when Roberto Moreno finished sixth in Australia. Two years later, Gabriele Tarquini came home sixth in Mexico. These were the only points AGS ever scored in Formula 1.Following financial problems, <mask> sold his team in late 1988 to Cyril de Rouvre, a French businessman who ran the team for two more years. AGS closed in September 1991. <mask>'s management style was described as goodhearted, and he was quoted as follows: "It's good to compete with others, as long as you don't forget to eat and drink well afterwards – Se battre oui, mais ne pas oublier après de bien manger et bien boire". After selling and closing AGS, the company was restructured and reopened in 1991 Formula One season as a service provider. It offers private people the opportunity to drive a Formula One racing car on the company-owned track in Le Luc. <mask> was the Honorary President of this company. In the 1990s, <mask> and Bernard Boyer together developed a 500 cc racing car which achieved an average speed of 222.557 km/h at the Circuit Automobile Mortefontaine in 1997.This broke a 44-year-old track record for cars of this class. <mask> lived in the flat above the Garage de l'Avenir until he was taken ill and died in a hospital in Hyères. Racing cars

The following cars were designed and built by <mask>'s team including Christian Vanderpleyn and named after the team owner:

References

External links
 <mask>'s biography at Grandprix.com
 <mask>'s biography at The 500 Owners Association

1927 births
FIA European Formula 3 Championship drivers
Formula One team owners
French Formula Three Championship drivers
French racing drivers
2013 deaths

masks:
Henri Julien
Henri Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien Pan
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Henri Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Henri Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien
Julien


title: Shaun Graf

texts:
<mask> (born 19 May 1957) is a former Australian first-class cricketer who played 11 One Day Internationals (ODIs) for Australia in the early 1980s as an all-rounder. He represented Western Australia as well as his native Victoria in the Sheffield Shield and also played county cricket for Hampshire. He was part of Sheffield Shield-winning sides in 1979–80 (Victoria) and 1983–84 (Western Australia). Biography
<mask> was born in 1957 in Somerville, Victoria, Australia. Educated at St Bede's College, <mask> made his grade debut at the age of 19 for St Kilda Cricket Club in the 1976–77 season as an all-rounder, bowling right-arm medium fast and batting left-handed with an emphasis on driving. <mask> travelled to England during 1979 and played for Wilshire in the Minor Counties competition. Highlights include 51 against Oxfordshire, 7–73 against Dorset and 79 and four wickets against Berkshire.He took 6–27 playing for the Gloucestershire Second XI. 1979–80 First Class Debut
<mask> made his first-class debut in 1979–80 for Victoria. He turned in a number of notable performances that season, including 3–24 against WA, 58 not out against WA, and seven wickets against South Australia. <mask> also had some good games in the McDonald's Cup. In his debut he took 1–44 and 19 not out against SA, helping Victoria win by three wickets. In the final he took 2–34, helping Victoria win the game and the championship. Victoria also won the Sheffield Shield that season.In grade cricket, <mask> took 4–54 and scored 93 helping St Kilda beat Melbourne. He took five wickets in the final but Footscray won the match. 1980 – Hampshire
<mask> received an offer to play over the 1980 English summer with the Hampshire County Cricket Club. He performed disappointingly, scoring 214 runs at 19 and only exceeding 50 in a first-class game once, and taking only 16 first-class wickets at an average of 48 with best figures of 2–24. Highlights included 44 against Oxford, Hampshire came last that season. and 57 not out against Essex in his final county game. His form was slightly better in one day games, taking 3–44 against Derbyshire, 2–12 against Somerset, 3–26 against Lancashire, and 2–24 against Essex.He also had some good games for the Hampshire 2nd XI, taking five wickets and scoring 51 in one game. 1980–81 – International Player
<mask>'s first-class form was better in the Australian 1980–81 season. In his first Shield game, against WA, he scored 34 and 64 and took four wickets. He leapt into international consideration in another game against WA, scoring 100 not out and taking 3–24. In one day games he took 2–6 against Queensland. Australia was looking for an all rounder and these efforts saw <mask> named in the Test team for the second Test against the touring New Zealand. <mask> wound up as 12th man though and did not play.He was however selected to make his ODI debut in November 1980 against New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval. "If we have a deficiency at the moment, it is possibly that we lack a true all-rounder", said Australian captain Greg Chappell at the time. "<mask> is an up-and-comer in this area and he is possibly what Australia needs – not only in one day cricket but in Test matches as well". <mask> made a duck and took 1/40 in the match. He was kept on in the side for the next game, against New Zealand, taking 2–40. Against India he took 0–30 and scored 5. He took 0–15 against New Zealand and 2–23 against India.<mask> was dropped from the Australian Test team for the third Test against New Zealand due to a back injury, which saw him miss a Shield game; he was replaced by Trevor Chappell, who played as 12th man. <mask> passed a fitness test and replaced Chappell for the first Test against India; however <mask> was made 12th man again. He was replaced in the next test by Bruce Yardley. In one day cricket <mask> took 0–31 against India, 2–40 and 7 in a thrilling one run loss to New Zealand, scored 2 and took 1–36 against India and scored 2 against New Zealand. <mask> played in nine of Australia's ten group matches in that season's triangular ODI tournament, but was omitted from the team for the finals series after scoring just 16 runs at an average of 3.20 with a top score of 7 despite being picked as an all-rounder batting at number seven or eight. He did manage to take eight wickets at 31.88 in the series, with three two-wicket hauls. Towards the end of the summer he was dropped in favour of Graeme Beard.Towards the end of the season, <mask> took six wickets and scored 51 in a game against Queensland and 3–40 in a McDonald's Cup game. However his form was not particularly strong in other matches and he was overlooked for selection on the 1981 tour of England (Graeme Beard and Trevor Chappell went instead). 1981–82
The following season <mask>'s highlights include five wickets in a Shield game against Queensland and scores of 55 and 39 against NSW

<mask> returned to the Australian one day side in the second and third matches of the ODI series, replacing an injured Dennis Lillee. He made his top score of eight against Pakistan at the Melbourne Cricket Ground, but after failing to take a wicket in that match, he conceded an expensive 56 runs in nine overs without success against the West Indies in the following match, and was dropped. He took 3–28 in a state one day game. 1982–83
<mask> was unable to force his way back into the Australian one day side the following summer. He had his best first-class bowling returns to date against WA, taking 4–53 and 5–95.and played excellently in the McDonald's Cup semi final against WA, scoring 29 and taking 4–15. The majority of the rest of his performances were disappointing, however. <mask> returned to England for the 1983 English summer, playing for Cornwall in the Minor Counties Championship. Highlights include 7 wickets against Devon, 46 against Buckinghamshire, 62 and 56 against Cheshire, 60 against Shropshire, and 4–19 against Dorset. 1983–84 Move to WA
In 1983–84 he moved to Western Australia for one year, and was part of the winning Sheffield Shield team. Highlights included 3–55 against WA, 54 and four wickets against Pakistan, scores of 34 and 73 plus three wickets in a narrow victory over Victoria, 74 and 31 not out against Queensland, and five wickets against Tasmania. In the final against Queensland, <mask> took 3–111 and 3–34 and scored 14 and 17 not out; he was at the crease when WA won by four wickets.In the McDonald's Cup final, <mask>'s late innings knock of 37 off 33 balls brought WA within eight runs of victory. <mask> returned to Victoria the following season, playing one Shield game (scoring 49 and taking four wickets against Queensland) before retiring. In all, he played 55 matches, scoring 1,559 runs at an average of 25.14 with one century, and claimed 124 wickets at an average of 33.91 with a best bowling of 5/95. In limited overs matches, he averaged 25.22 with the bat and 25 with the ball. Later career
He became a Victorian selector in 1990–91 and became the cricket operations manager of the Victorian Cricket Association in 1995. <mask> played grade cricket for St Kilda until the 1999–2000 season. St Kilda won the competition in 1984–85 and 1985–86 (<mask> scored 58 in the final).They reached the final in 1989–90 after a semi final where <mask> scored 53 and took 6–39; they lost the final despite <mask> taking two wickets and scoring 102. They won the competition in 1991–92 with <mask> taking 2–41 – Shane Warne was in the St Kilda team. References

1957 births
Living people
Australia One Day International cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Western Australia cricketers
Wiltshire cricketers
Cornwall cricketers
Australian cricketers
Cricketers from Melbourne

masks:
Shaun Francis Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Shaun Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf
Graf


title: Mohammed Mamdani

texts:
<mask> (born 8 February 1983) is a British social entrepreneur and activist, who is currently the Director of Kijana Kwanza. He is known for his extensive work in founding charitable organisations; including Muslim Youth Helpline, Al-Mizan and Sufra. Mamdami is an advocate on youth issues, particularly those affecting young people from minority communities and has stated he combines his experience from everything he's done to challenge cultural taboos around social issues and empower young people to play an active role in their communities. Career

2001-2004: Muslim Youth Helpline
Mohammed began his career in the voluntary sector at the age of 18 years whilst studying for his A-levels, when he founded the award-winning charity Muslim Youth Helpline in February 2001 with his friend Mustafa Suleyman. This is today considered the Muslim community's premier youth counselling service in the UK. It was at college that <mask> first realised the extent of isolation that today's young Muslims experience; while problems such as drug misuse, depression and sexuality are issues common among many young people, he believed that young Muslims often need advice that takes into account broader religious and social contexts, which is why he created the helpline. After helping to secure its financial base, Mamadani retired as a trustee of MYH to take up fresh challenges: he became a trustee of the Foundation for Social Entrepreneurs, a charity that promotes social entrepreneurship by offering financial awards and support packages to individuals with creative ideas for achieving social objectives.2005-2010: Ansar Youth Project and Queen's Crescent Community Association
Four years after Muslim Youth Helpline, Mamdani set up Ansar Youth Project, a community-based model in faith and culturally sensitive youth work as a response to the 7/7 London bombings. He had been the Head of Operations of Ansar Youth Project until 2009. Also, between 2005-2007 <mask> was appointed to the Board of Trustees for UnLtd, the Foundation of Social Entrepreneurs. During January 2010, <mask> was employed as a building manager and Head of Youth Services at Queen's Crescent Community Association. Mamdani joined QCCA in an effort to increase his experience and knowledge on how to run charitable organisations, primarily those who support disadvantaged people. He wanted to set up organisations which tackle homelessness, food poverty in the United Kingdom, debt amongst other communal problems. Mamdani used his knowledge from QCCA to set up the initial charitable trust; Al-Mizan during the summer of 2011.<mask> left QCCA in October 2011 to work closely with his newly found charity. 2011-2012: Al-Mizan Charitable Trust

<mask> <mask>, founded Al-Mizan Charitable Trust in October 2011. This became the UK's first Muslim grant-funder that supports individuals living in poverty, regardless of their faith or cultural background. Every month, the Trust receives more than 40 applications for financial support, of which only half of eligible applications can be supported with a grant or interest-free loan of up to £500. Although the Trust prioritises applications which provide long-term benefit, rising poverty and unemployment has forced the charity to consider funding more and more applications for basic household and subsistence costs. The fundraising appeals are run in partnership with grassroots organisations, so that the packs reach the people who need them the most. 2013–2018: Sufra
Sufra was in talks by Mamdani back in 2011, however it wasn't pushed into establishment until late 2012, until eventually it was officially founded in April 2013.Sufra is an Arabic term meaning "Come to the table". The aim of the charity was to provide local people with food and even basic necessities and toiletries. Sufra was marketed as a Community Food Bank & Kitchen, which aims to support disadvantaged families suffering from food poverty in the local area. Sufra quickly became noted for being the first Muslim run charities that supports all backgrounds and ethnicities in the UK. Sufra began to run Food Academies in 2014, also becoming a local community centre aiming to bring the community together by running food academies and teaching people to cook. The main aim was to train young people between the ages of 16–25 years in basic cookery skills. Over 5 weeks and 10 intensive sessions it hopes to teach people to cook 10 home-cooked meals, understand nutrition and how to maintain a healthy diet.In addition to this, they run a master-chef competition and learn to manage weekly budgets with an accredited qualification, which can be used to apply for an apprenticeship or employment in the catering industry. Brent Council approved the growing garden project growing garden in 2016. The garden project was located just a minute walk away from Sufra's main office and was named St. Raphael’s Edible Garden. On 15 January 2019, <mask> resigned from Sufra as the director. After five years of developing the charity into a vibrant Community Hub, <mask> has moved on to his next project based in rural Tanzania, a country with which he has a deep personal connection. 2019-present: Kijana Kwanza

In January 2019, <mask> launched the Kijana Kwanza project. Kijana Kwana, which means Young People First in swahili, is a youth organisation based in Moshi, Tanzania that promotes education, employment and enterprise skills amongst young people.It is his first commercial work outside of the UK. The charity was noted by Tanzania Daily News for donating 2000 litres of hand-sanitiser amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Tanzania. As of 2021, Mamdani has grown Kijana Kwanza to support disadvantaged young people in Tanzania, in particular orphans, street children and victims of child labour, with access to education and vocational and life skills training. Education
<mask>'s enrolled for Richmond upon Thames College in September 1999, located in South London from where he proceeded to Oxford to study Arabic and Persian with Islamic Studies. He took a year out from his undergraduate studies at Oxford University to pilot the Muslim Youth Helpline service. <mask> graduated from St. John's College, Oxford in 2009. He studied towards a Master's in Arabic and Islamic Studies from SOAS, University of London a year after.Awards
His awards include Volunteer of the Year from BT & the Telephone Helplines Association (2003), Whitbread Youth Achievers Award (2004) and CSV Year of the Volunteer Medal for Innovation (2005). His citation for the Whitbread award noted, "<mask> is an inspirational example of what young volunteers can do in their communities, through determination and commitment. This is a project that is making a real difference to hundreds of lives." Mamdani was added to The Independents "Good List" of 50 people in 2006, where Paul Vallely was involved in the selection process. In January 2015, <mask> was one of 67 who had been awarded the Halifax Giving Extra Award. As well as receiving this reward, Sufra was entitled to receive £300 in bonus bond vouchers. Organisations
 Muslim Youth Helpline
 Ansar Youth Project
 Al-Mizan Charitable Trust
 Sufra
 Kijana Kwanza

References

Sources

External links

 <mask>i on LinkedIn

1983 births
British activists
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
British Muslims
Kenyan people of Indian descent
Living people
People from the London Borough of Brent
British philanthropists
Social entrepreneurs

masks:
Mohammed Sadiq Mamdani
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mamdani
Mamdani
Mohammed Sadiq
Mamdani
Mamdani
Mohammed
Mamdani
Mamdani
Mohammed
Mohammed
Mamdani
Mohammed Mamdan