title: Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini

texts:
<mask> (3 April 1876 – 17 October 1958) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and the founder of the Disciples of the Lord who served as the Apostolic Chancellor from 1954 until his death. He became a cardinal in 1953. He is best known for his work in China. Costantini dedicated himself to improving the work of missionaries and believed that evangelization in China belonged to the Chinese people. His time there heralded countless successes and he was careful never to involve himself in the complex politics between the Church and the state. His cause for sainthood commenced on 24 June 2016 under Pope Francis and he has been titled as a Servant of God. Early years
<mask> was born on 3 April 1876 in Castions di Zoppola as the second of ten children to <mask> (a building contractor) and Maddalena Altan.His brother Giovanni (1880-1956) became the Bishop of La Spezia. He followed his father's trade as a mason and worked since 1887 in that trade before deciding to undergo ecclesial studies. He studied first from 1892 until 1897 at Portogruaro and then attended as a part-time student at the Academica di San Tommaso in Rome from 1897 until 1899. It was there that he obtained his doctorates in philosophical and theological studies in 1899. He was ordained to the priesthood in Portogruaro on 26 December 1899 and then did pastoral work until 1914 in Concordia where he was also elected as capitular vicar and as a chaplain for the Portogruaro hospital. In 1915 he founded the illustrated journal "Arte Cristiana" and served as its director until 1924. During World War I he served as a chaplain in the Italian Armed Forces since 12 December 1917.He served as the Concordia diocese's vicar general from 5 November 1918 to 30 April 1920 when he was made apostolic administrator for Fiume until a replacement bishop for that diocese could be found. Costantini was also friends with Agostino Gemelli and over time expressed his support for the convocation of a new ecumenical council though this would not happen until after his death. He also was close with Alcide De Gasperi and the two housed together at some stage in 1944. China
He became the Titular Bishop of Hierapolis in 1921 and he received his episcopal consecration a month after from Cardinal Pietro La Fontaine with Angelo Bartolomasi and <mask> serving as the co-consecrators. Pope Pius XI appointed Costantini as the first Apostolic Delegate to China on 12 August 1922 and also made him Titular Archbishop of Theodosiopolis in Arcadia the following month. He met with Pius XI before his departure and with Cardinal Willem Marinus van Rossum who advised Costantini to implement all dimensions of Maximum illud, Pope Benedict XV's 1919 apostolic letter on the work of missionaries. Costantini arrived in Hong Kong on 8 November 1922.He later met the Foreign Minister Gu Weijun when he visited Beijing for the first time in mid-1923. He called the first episcopal conference in Shanghai in mid-1924 and made constitutions for the missions in China. He also helped found the Fu Jen Catholic college. He identified six indigenous Chinese candidates for episcopal ordination and established several regional major seminaries. He founded the Disciples of the Lord in 1927 and he became the apostolic administrator for Harbin in 1931 though returned to his homeland at that time and then to the United States to recover from several health issues. On 28 October 1926 he was present in the Sistine Chapel when Pius XI consecrated the first six Chinese bishops after he and the bishops-elect left from Shanghai on the previous 10 September. Curial service
The archbishop left China in 1933 and entered the service of the Roman Curia where he was appointed to the Congregation for Propagation of Faith first as a consulter on 3 December 1933 and then to its leadership on 20 December 1935 as its second-in-command.He was the second-highest official of that department under Cardinal Pietro Fumasoni Biondi. In 1936 he was made an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne. Pope Pius XII created him Cardinal-Priest of Santi Nereo e Achilleo on 12 January 1953. Costantini was made a member of some of the curial departments including Oriental Churches and the Congregation for Rites. Several months later he was named as the Apostolic Chancellor and opted for the cardinalitial title of San Lorenzo in Damaso on 9 June 1958. Death
He died of heart failure in Rome on 17 October 1958, three weeks after surgery, at the Villa Margherita Clinic in Via Massimo. His death followed that of Pope Pius XII and preceded the start of the conclave to choose his successor.Before his death, he told Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, soon to be elected pope, that he supported the candidacy of Gregorio Pietro Agagianian. He was buried next to his brother Bishop Giovanni Constantini in Zoppola. In 1959 his brother's remains were relocated to La Spezia. Beatification process
The beatification process received support on 30 September 2016 from the Trivenetian Episcopal Conference who endorsed the cause which had opened some months prior. It opened under Pope Francis on 24 June 2016 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints titled him as a Servant of God and transferred the forum of investigation from Rome to Concordia. The diocesan process was inaugurated on 17 October 2017 and is ongoing. The current postulator for this cause is Father Ader Nasr and the vice-postulator is Father Simon ee-Kim chong.It is predicted that the cause's progress will be slow due to the divergent China-Vatican relations. References

Further reading
 Bruno Fabio Pighin (ed.) (2014), The Secrets of a Vatican Cardinal: <mask> Constantini's Wartime Diaries, 1938-1947. McGill-Queen's University Press. External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Celso Costantini's Contribution to the Localization and Inculturation of the Church in China
 Archbishop <mask> and The First Plenary Council of Shanghai (1924)
 Cardinal <mask> <mask> and the Chinese Catholic Church

1876 births
1958 deaths
20th-century venerated Christians
Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII
Diplomats of the Holy See
Fu Jen Catholic University faculty
20th-century Italian cardinals
Italian diarists
Italian military chaplains
Italian Servants of God
People from the Province of Pordenone
Royal Italian Army chaplains
World War I chaplains
Italian expatriates in China
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

masks:
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
Celso Benigno Luigi Costantini
Costante Costantini
Luigi Paulini
Celso
Costantini
Celso
Costantini


title: Valery Tsepkalo

type: original

texts:
<mask> () or <mask> (; Doctor of Law, born 22 February 1965) is a Belarusian politician, diplomat, executive, and entrepreneur. After graduating from the Moscow State Institute of Foreign Affairs and serving in the Embassy of the Soviet Union in Finland <mask> joined the staff of the Belarus Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He later became an Advisor on foreign political and economic relations to the Chairman of the Belarus Parliament Stanislav Shushkevich and then a Senior Advisor to the Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Independent States. At the age of 29 <mask> led Alexander Lukashenko's presidency campaign of 1994 and later took the post of First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. From 1997 to 2002 <mask> served as Belarus Ambassador in the USA and Mexico. <mask> is the architect of the country’s only significant economic success. In 2005 he initiated and started the Belarus High Technologies Park (HTP), and led it until 2017 creating the largest IT cluster in Central and Eastern Europe.In May 2020 <mask> joined the presidential race. He was considered to be a major challenger to Belarus president Alexander Lukashenko, who had decided to invalidate the majority of his signatures on false grounds to bar him from running for president. On 24 July 2020, <mask> <mask> fled to Russia with his children after receiving a tip that his arrest was imminent and the authorities were prepared to strip him of parental rights. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Grodno on 22 February 1965. He was the only child in the family of chemical engineers William and Nina Tsapkalo, who came to Grodno to build a nitrogen plant, where they worked all their lives. His father graduated from Odessa Polytechnic Institute, and mother graduated from Kharkov Engineering-Economic Institute. <mask> graduated from Grodno Secondary school No.14 with an advanced study of the English language.Education and career
In 1982 he entered the Belarusian State Technological University in Minsk, but in 1984 he was drafted into the army and served in the Strategic Missile Forces for two years. Due to the Soviet–Afghan War, the deferment for university students at the time was lifted. After the military service, he entered the Moscow State Institute of International Relations of the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs and graduated with honors in 1991. He pursued a postgraduate program there, graduated with honors as well, lectured at MGIMO, and got his Ph.D. degree in International Law. Diplomatic career
<mask> <mask> started his diplomatic career in 1991 as a member of the Soviet Embassy in Finland. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, he returned to Belarus and in 1992 took the position of the second secretary in the MFA. In 1993—1994 he was a foreign policy adviser to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Stanislav Shushkevich.After the resignation of Stanislav Shushkevich from the post of the Chairman of the Supreme Council of Belarus, <mask> moved to work in the CIS Secretariat as an advisor to the Executive Secretary. Shushkevich recalled Tsepkalo as a "skillful psychologist and professional" who was always "on a verge of the right and wrong", and appreciated his help in times when Shushkevich was in disfavour. In August 1994 <mask> was appointed First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus. From 1997 to 2002 he served as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Belarus to the United States and the United Mexican States. After the diplomatic service in the USA, he became the presidential adviser on science and technologies. During this period of time he worked as an Alternate Governor of Belarus to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and from February to October 2005 he was a representative in the National Assembly of Belarus. In 2005 <mask> became the Governmental Expert for UN Secretary-General on communication and information technologies and data security.In 2009 he also joined the Global Alliance for Information and Communication Technologies and Development. Creation of High Tech Park

The idea to establish a Belarusian Silicon Valley first appeared when <mask> <mask> was visiting Silicon Valley during his diplomatic service in the USA. Tsepkalo was impressed by the effectiveness of the ecosystem, which stimulated the development of technology companies. According to Tsepkalo, it took him a year and a half to persuade the Belarusian authorities to establish infrastructure and a centre of attraction for Belarusian IT companies. On the backdrop of the Dot-com bubble burst, the establishment was very skeptical about the IT industry. The work on popularization of the high technologies among the public officials was later described in <mask>'s book Belarus Hi-Tech Park: 10 Years of Development. }}</ref> In July 2004 head of the Presidential Administration Ural Latypov and Tsepkalo gave an online press-conference where they described the future par's concept.The organization was established on 22 September 2005, and on 7 October 2005 <mask> received the director's post. He saw HTP as a tool to stop the IT-experts drain and an enabling environment for Belarusian start-ups. In 2009 he called the Park the "Belarusian Silicon Valley". In 2005 the authorities provided 50 hectares of land near Uručča district in Minsk. In ten years the campus grew into a scientific-research centre with offices, conference centres, apartments, hotels, shopping malls, etc. The government guaranteed a 1-year $300,000 loan with a 17% interest rate to help get it up and running, the HTP paid it back in two years. The export performance was expected to reach $300–350 mln up to 2015.A special preferential tax regime was introduced to make HTP, as Tsepkalo said, an oasis of the new economy. By 2014 138 companies were registered in the Park, its total production reached $650 mln. In the software export capacity per person, Belarus surpassed the US and India. The public image of programmist careers raised rapidly, some public schools initiated additional education courses in it. According to Tsepkalo, IT industry growth in Belarus surpassed the world average several times and the HTP net export exceeded the total of the national industrial plants. In 2015 a conflict erupted between the government and the HTP administration when the authorities announced a 1% tax raise and triple its contribution to the Social Security Fund. Tsepkalo warned the authorities of the brain drain danger and referred to data that even with reduced taxes a programmer from HTP pays three times the size of an average citizen.The tax rates were locked until 2020 based on the agreement that the companies from HTP would benefit not only the IT industry but the Belarusian economics in general. Apart from the active defence of HTP residents and employees' interests, <mask> on multiple occasions supported the detained IT entrepreneurs. In 2016 he voted for the exclusion of "illegal business practices" criminal rule from the Criminal Code of Belarus, except for "medical, associated with people's lives, and financial, associated with the production of counterfeit money, the construction of various financial pyramids". According to Tsepkalo, the rule was "a relic of the Soviet-era" that undermined Belarusian developers' position on foreign markets. In his opinion, for Apple it would be much more difficult to develop if Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were born in Belarus. Aliaksandr Kaniuk, who was the Prosecutor General then, declared that he was obliged to follow the letter of the law. On 2 March 2017, <mask> was dismissed from the director's post at the HTP by presidential decree.The news came out of the blue for HTP employees. According to <mask>, his dismissal was in fact provoked by his active social position and a conflict with security officials. By early 2017 the software development industry annual turnover in Belarus reached $1 bln, such companies as Wargaming.net, Maps.me, Viber were among the HTP members. The industry growth in Belarus didn't yield to any other countries of Eastern Europe. In comparison to Ukraine's outsource industry, the Belarusian market was growing 9% faster, while the tax burden was three times higher. The total share of Belarus on the global market reached several basis points. According to media, <mask>'s dismissal had been grounded on his unwillingness to redirect the HTP companies towards the development of other Belarusian industries.Noting <mask>'s merits in the creation and development of the HTP, analysts paid attention to its weaknesses: selectivity of the HTP residents, prevalence of outsourcing developers, excessive bureaucratization, and officialism. After <mask> left the HTP leadership, his successors tried to belittle his achievements, and sometimes to blacken the former director. In particular, new HTP director Vsevolod Yanchevski told in a media interview that <mask> could have gone to prison even during his leadership of the HTP: charges of tax violations affected one of the companies, they were compensated and the case was closed. After the HTP Tsepkalo continued his career in international consulting on innovative enterprises. He consulted governments of the former USSR countries on the establishment of strong IT clusters and took part in a large IT project in Saudi Arabia. He contributed to the development of the Mirzo Ulugbek Innovation Center (ICSU) in Uzbekistan. In 2018 he founded Prabook.com, an online biographical library.His first active comeback to the Belarusian media was in 2018 when he commented on the intended growth of the HTP members number. According to Tsepkalo, such a step would significantly damage the quality of provided services. Only in 2018, HTP got 15 thousand new employees. Political career

1994 presidential campaign
During the 1994 presidential campaign <mask> <mask> joined the team of Alexander Lukashenko, who was the youngest candidate then. <mask> was in charge of international affairs. He organized Lukashenko's visit to Moscow, where he visited the State Duma and met with senior officials of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, the Agrarian Party of Russia, and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation. The trip was intended to disavow Kebich team's statements that Lukashenka was going to break off relations with Russia.After Lukashenko's victory, <mask> continued his diplomatic career. 2020 presidential campaign

<mask> <mask> announced his run for the Belarusian presidency on 8 May 2020, on his Facebook page. He called the existing regime "a dysfunctional system when the whole nation daily monitors the mood of one person". ‘Belhard’ director Igor Mamonenko considered him to be a compromise candidate from the establishment. Some analysts from the IT industry believed that <mask> was a decoy candidate, approved by the Presidential Administration. <mask> affirmed his candidacy on 12 May, he made a statement that the society demanded reforms and the decades of Lukashenko’s presidency led the country into stagnation, common apathy, and indifference. In the meantime, HTP used a phone tree among the employees to emphasize Lukashenko's contribution to the enterprise's success.The nomination of two liberal candidates (<mask> and Viktar Babaryka) demonstrated the growing social discontent of the urban middle class. Both candidates offered programs of mild reforms and economic liberalization. <mask> reiterated the need to modernize the economy, end the state assistance to inefficient enterprises, and increase investments in education and health

masks:
Valery Tsepkalo
Valery Tsapkala
Valery Tsepkalo
Valery Tsepkalo
Valery Tsepkalo
Valery Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Valery
Tsepkalo
Valery
Tsepkalo
Valery
Valery
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Valery
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Valery
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Valery
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo
Tsepkalo


title: Valery Tsepkalo

texts:
 industries. He offered to use the experience of Scandinavia and modernize Belarusian Thermal power stations instead of building a nuclear power plant. He promoted Court and  Parliament independence, offered to reject the presidential system, and introduce a two-term limit for presidents. He claimed his intentions to establish a proper environment for education and life. He stated that "Lukasneko was detached from society and unaware of people's needs and expectations".<mask> explained that the "battles for harvests" were useless and the most harm to economics was made by ineffective and outdated management. He refused an oppositionist reputation and worked on a public image of a technocrat, who intends to bring his experience in the IT industry into the government. He offered to implement a transparent decision-making mechanism as a way to root out the corruption in the government. At the first press conference, he stated that he would pursue a multifaceted foreign policy with a priority in friendly terms with all countries. He supported the Union State initiative in case some parts of the agreement would be altered. He intended to develop better relations with both the USA and the EU. He emphasized that he saw no stereotypical difference between Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians, and wanted to keep the high status of the Russian language in case of victory in the elections.In May 2020 Lukashenko announced that he had incriminating materials on Tsepkalo, meaning the reasons for his dismissal from the director’s post at HTP. However, Lukashenko refused to reveal them. In one of the interviews, Lukashenko compared Tsepkalo to a hog, alluding to his wife Veronika Tsepkalo’s use of IVF treatment. <mask> responded by saying that his dismissal was linked to his protest against businessmen detentions and consecutive conflicts with the General Prosecutor and
Investigating Committee. Insulting comments of Lukashenko Tsepkalo called "an ordinary practice in the current political system" and explained them as an awkward try to raise his ratings. The candidate announced that he wanted to "reintroduce respect, return respect to everyone". He also commented that Lukashenko's security should be guaranteed after his resignation.On 20 May 2020, 884 activists were registered by the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Belarus and initiated a campaign to collect signatures in <mask>'s support. By early July they collected about 220 thousand signatures, 160 thousand were chosen and provided to the Election Commission. The Commission said only 75,000 were valid — less than the 100,000 needed. Hundreds of Belarusians protested the exclusions in the center of Minsk. The European Union called the decision to deny Babariko and Tsepkalo spots on the ballot “seemingly arbitrary.” EU foreign policy chief Josep Borell said in a statement that it “limits the possibility for the Belarusian people to express their will and already undermines the overall integrity and democratic nature of the elections.”
The Commission also revealed the discrepancy between the actual and declared income of Veronika Tsepkalo. According to the political analyst Pavel Usov, the authorities decided to put <mask> out of the play first to disorient people and create an illusion that Babaryka may succeed. <mask>’s office disputed the Committee decision and challenged it in the High Court, but without success.The Committee acknowledged violations only in Babruysk, the results in the rest of the regions were called "not having any grounds to be doubted". When the voters applied for a reexamination of the collected signatures and documents, the Committee refused on the pretext that there were no such procedures. The candidate then could not make a public appearance because he was in isolation after COVID-19 exposure. Meanwhile, Veronika <mask> explained the difference between her actual and declared incomes. Received the inheritance after the death of her mother she "forgot about the existence of shares... For all of 2019 she accrued 32 rubles 99 kopecks (about 13.5 USD) in dividends". On 14 July the incumbent High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell called the situation in Belarus an intended resistance to let Belarusians vote free. In Minsk, Pruzhany, Gomel, and Brest people went on the streets to manifest their support of Babaryka and <mask>, the massive detentions followed.On 16 June three opposition forces teamed up under the lead of Maria Kalesnikava, Veronika <mask> and Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, who entered the run for the presidency after the detention of her husband, candidate Sergei Tikhanovsky. The united opposition called upon the people to vote and announced the intention to fight for honest, open re-election of the president. Political activities
On 11 August 2020 <mask> announced the establishment of the ‘National Salvation Committee’ to mobilize people against Lukashenko’s violent capture of the power. On 6 January 2021 <mask> announced the creation of the Belarusian Democratic Forum that will be held online in response to the decision to convene the All Belarusian People's Assembly. Prosecution related to election campaign
To finance the election campaign <mask> sold his 418.3 m2 house on leaseback terms but did not stop using the premises. On 24 June 2020, a Belarusian businessman of Turkish origin Sedat Igdegji turned to the General Prosecutor's office with a sue against <mask>. According to Igdegji, when <mask> was the director of HTP, he accepted a $200 thousand bribe in the form of building the mansion and $1 mln in cash and secured Igdegji a win of a construction contract for HTP.When Igdegji refused to pay additional money, Tsepkalo allegedly facilitated the annulment of the company’s license. Igdegji claimed that he had $15 mln losses. Igdegji witnessed that Tsepkalo in private mentioned his offshores in Cyprus. Answering these accusations, Tsepkalo stated that Igdegji’s company failed to uphold the tasks and was suspended by Prime Minister Mikhail Myasnikovich. Both sides accused each other of perjury and offense. In the letter to the General Prosecutor Igdegji claimed that his family members and he had received threats, though allegedly the sue had no connection to Tsepkalo’s political activity. Igdegji confirmed that he reported the bribery with a few years delay and tried to prevent Tsepkalo from using the money on his election campaign.<mask> believed the sue was a deliberate provocation. No Tsepkalo’s representatives visited the first court session. On 15 August 2020, a criminal case was brought against <mask>, in Russia and Belarus a warrant was issued for his arrest. Tsepkalo called the case against him politically motivated and not supported by evidence. Forced emigration
On 24 July 2020, <mask> left for Moscow, fearing that he would be jailed and the children would be taken away from the family. <mask> explained that the prosecutors visited his kids’ school and initiated the procedures to deprive Veronika of her maternity rights. The authorities rejected these accusations.Knowing that the children could be used as a crackdown tool, Tsepkalo took them away from the country. During the investigations, the security forces detained and questioned Veronika and <mask>’s sister-in-law. The latter was detained at a parking lot by plain-clothes officers and for some time the relatives could not find or contact her. Tsepkalo believed there were no reasons to extradite him from Russia but assured the readiness to come back to Belarus if the political situation heats up. For some time he made it a priority to give press conferences exposing the events in Belarus. He also wrote an open letter to more than 30 world leaders with a plea to help Belarus conduct honest elections. On 2 August 2020, <mask> moved to Kyiv, in a week followed by his wife.Her departure was urged by the detaining of Maria Kolesnikova, who was taken by mistake instead of <mask>. His wife, Veronika <mask>, continued her political activity, she recorded a video statement with a claim to acknowledge Svetlana Tikhanovskaya an elected president and to stop ‘the mayhem of violence’. Veronika <mask> was detained by border guards on her way to Kyiv, the situation was perceived as a political crackdown. Soon <mask> announced his plans to move to Poland and meet some influential politicians. The reunited family came to Warsaw on 18 August. In October 2020, <mask> and his family moved to Riga, Latvia. Prabook
In November 2018 <mask> <mask> introduced Prabook.com, a biographical library that was created to secure ‘digital immortality’.At launch, the project had the world’s largest biographical database. The developers claimed that the machine-generated library is based on open-source texts and images. The project faced a controversial reception for its potential identity hazard because data were aggregated without permissions of affected people. As disclosed later, <mask> used his director position to make HTP employees work on Prabook. Criticism

On 8 May 2020, <mask> announced his run for presidency. Soon he gave an interview to Dev.by, a Belarusian IT-media. As stated by the editors office, later <mask> called off the text of the interview and sent with a courier a censored version with only 8 answers to the journalist’s question, instead of 30.He also enclosed a written prohibition to publish the original version. On 12 May, Dev.by accused <mask> Tsepkalo of pressure on the edition. According to Dev.by, in 2016 Tsepkalo was displeased with its publications and urged HTP companies to cease collaboration. The edition also stated that Tsepkalo tried to intimidate TUT.by editors office and personally the editor-in-chief Yuri Zisser. Tsepkalo denied all accusations and explained that as the director of HTP he was unhappy with articles on Dev.by which persuaded the programmers to emigrate. A lot of readers reacted to the controversial articles and commented on subjectivity and timing of the publications. There were attempts to edit Tsepkalo’s page on Russian Wikipedia in May 2020, cutting off the criticism, Prabook project info, news on leasing on the house, and connections to Lukashenko.Research and publications
<mask> published three books:
 ‘By the Road of Dragon’, a book on economic development of newly industrialized nations of South-East Asia;
 ‘Man Everlasting’, a book dedicated to mysteries of death and resurrection;
 ‘Hi-Tech Park: 10 Years of Development’. Tsepkalo published 80 articles on religion, world economy, and foreign policy, 20 articles on e-government, information technology, and intellectual property, including publications in Foreign Affairs. He holds a patent on the method of searching people based on collateral features, that is used in Prabook project. Family
Married to Veronika <mask>. Veronika is from Mogilev, she graduated from the Faculty of International Relations (Belarusian State University), then studied at the Higher school of management and business of Belarus State Economic University. She studied business management in India and worked for a major international company for the past 10 years. The couple has two children.References

External links
 <mask> — <mask> <mask> at Livejournal. 1965 births
Living people
Belarusian diplomats
Ambassadors of Belarus to the United States
People from Grodno
Ambassadors of Belarus to Mexico
Moscow State Institute of International Relations alumni
Moscow State Institute of International Relations faculty
Exiled

masks: Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Valery Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Valery Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Tsepkalo Valery Tsepkalo


title: Hillel Furstenberg

texts:
<mask>Harry<mask> () (born September 29, 1935) is a German-born American-Israeli mathematician and professor emeritus at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and U.S. National Academy of Sciences and a laureate of the Abel Prize and the Wolf Prize in Mathematics. He is known for his application of probability theory and ergodic theory methods to other areas of mathematics, including number theory and Lie groups. Biography
<mask> was born to German Jews in Nazi Germany, in 1935 (originally named "Fürstenberg"). In 1939, Shortly after Kristallnacht, his family escaped to the United States and settled in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City, escaping the Holocaust. He attended Marsha Stern Talmudical Academy and then Yeshiva University, where he concluded his BA and MSc studies at the age of 20 in 1955. <mask> published several papers as an undergraduate, including  "Note on one type of indeterminate form" (1953) and "On the infinitude of primes" (1955).Both appeared in the "American Mathematical Monthly, the latter provided a topological proof of Euclid's famous theorem that there are infinitely many primes. Academic career
<mask> pursued his doctorate at Princeton University under the supervision of Salomon Bochner. In 1958 he received his PhD for his thesis, Prediction Theory. From 1959–1960, <mask> served as the C. L. E. Moore instructor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <mask> got his first job as an assistant professor in 1961 at the University of Minnesota. <mask> was promoted to full professor at Minnesota but moved to Israel in 1965 to join at Hebrew University's Einstein Institute of Mathematics. He retired from Hebrew University in 2003.<mask> serves as an Advisory Committee member of The Center for Advanced Studies in Mathematics at Ben Gurion University of the Negev. In 2003, Hebrew University and Ben-Gurion University held a joint conference to celebrate <mask>'s retirement. The four-day Conference on Probability in Mathematics was subtitled Furstenfest 2003 and included four days of lectures. In 1993, <mask> won the Israel Prize and in 2007, the Wolf Prize in mathematics. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (elected 1974), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (international honorary member since 1995), and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (elected 1989). Fustenberg has taught generations of students, including Alexander Lubotzky, Yuval Peres, Tamar Ziegler, Shahar Mozes, and Vitaly Bergelson. Research accomplishments

<mask> gained attention at an early stage in his career for producing an innovative topological proof of the infinitude of prime numbers in 1955.In a series of articles beginning in 1963 with A Poisson Formula for Semi-Simple Lie Groups, he continued to establish himself as a ground-breaking thinker. His work showing that the behavior of random walks on a group is intricately related to the structure of the group - which led to what is now called the Furstenberg boundary – has been hugely influential in the study of lattices and Lie groups. In his 1967 paper, Disjointness in ergodic theory, minimal sets, and a problem in Diophantine approximation, Furstenberg introduced the notion of ‘disjointness,’ a notion in ergodic systems that is analogous to coprimality for integers. The notion turned out to have applications in areas such as number theory, fractals, signal processing and electrical engineering. In his 1977 paper, Ergodic behavior of diagonal measures and a theorem of Szemerédi on arithmetic progressions, <mask> used methods from ergodic theory to prove a celebrated result by Endre Szemerédi, which states that any subset of integers with positive upper density contains arbitrarily large arithmetic progressions. His insights led to important results, such as the proof by Ben Green and Terence Tao that the sequence of prime numbers includes arbitrary large arithmetic progressions. He proved unique ergodicity of horocycle flows on compact hyperbolic Riemann surfaces in the early 1970s.In 1977, he gave an ergodic theory reformulation, and subsequently proof, of Szemerédi's theorem. The Furstenberg boundary and Furstenberg compactification of a locally symmetric space are named after him, as is the Furstenberg–Sárközy theorem in additive number theory. Personal life
In 1958, <mask> married Rochelle (née) Cohen, a journalist and literary critic. Together they have five children and sixteen grandchildren. Awards
 1977 - Rothschild Prize in Mathematics. 1993 – Furstenberg received the Israel Prize, for exact sciences. 1993 – Furstenberg received the Harvey Prize from Technion.2006/7 – He received the Wolf Prize in Mathematics. 2006  He delivered the Paul Turán Memorial Lectures. 2020 - He received the Abel Prize with Gregory Margulis "for pioneering the use of methods from probability and dynamics in group theory, number theory and combinatorics". Selected publications
Furstenberg, Harry, Stationary processes and prediction theory, Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press, 1960. <mask>, Harry, Recurrence in ergodic theory and combinatorial number theory, Princeton, N.J., Princeton Univ. Press, 1981. See also
List of Israel Prize recipients

References

External links

Mathematics Genealogy page
Press release
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Hebrew)

1935 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
People from Washington Heights, Manhattan
Living people
Abel Prize laureates
Israel Prize in exact science recipients
Israel Prize in exact science recipients who were mathematicians
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
Members of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
Israeli mathematicians
Princeton University alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Wolf Prize in Mathematics laureates
Yeshiva University alumni
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty

masks:
Hillel (
) Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg
Furstenberg


title: Eduardo Barcesat

texts:
<mask> ( Córdoba, January 21, 1940) is a lawyer constitutionalist of Argentina, defender of Human Rights. Biography
He studied law in Buenos Aires. Between 1960 and 1962 he was assistant in the Chair of Philosophy of Law in charge of Dr. Lucas A. Gioja. The lawyer <mask> denounced the Minister of Security for the alleged crimes of "violation of public official duties, secrecy and privacy." He helped those who were at risk of "high degree of insecurity." <mask>, who work for ambitious website, still expects to be supported by the federal prosecutor in his role. <mask>'s was also active in the case of mothers of Mayo Argentina to find their missing children.In April 2011 he was appointed director of the career of Advocacy at that university of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo. Career
In May 1962 – at the age of 22 – he graduated as a lawyer, at the Law School of the University of Buenos Aires. In the same faculty, in 1967 he obtained a doctorate in Law and Social Sciences. In 1965 he entered the teaching career as a second assistant in the Chair of Introduction to Law and Social Sciences, under the direction of Dr. Moisés Nilve. In 1966 – after the Nightmares and fears, in which the Onganía dictatorship intervened and repressed the Argentine universities – resigned the teaching career. In 1973 and 1974 – with the return of democracy after a string of military dictatorships – he was appointed assistant professor of Introduction to Law and Social Sciences, in the chair of Dr. Jorge L. Rébori, at the Faculty of Law of the University from Buenos Aires. In 1974 he was assistant professor of Philosophy of Law.That year he was separated from the teaching function by another intervention – the "Ivanissevich mission" – against the University of Buenos Aires. In 1984 – with the return of democracy after the Argentine civic-military dictatorship (1976–1983) – he was appointed Associate Professor of General Theory and Philosophy of Law (at the Faculty of Law of the University of Buenos Aires)

In the eighties he was a professor of Constitutional Law at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Lomas de Zamora. He has worked as an expert on Human Rights of the UNESCO. He was a professor of Constitutional Law, in the Faculty of Law, of the National University of Lomas de Zamora (UNLZ). He was a founding member and first secretary general of the American Association of Jurists. In 1994 he was a conventional national constituent and participated in the reform of the National Constitution. In 1997 he was appointed regular professor of General Theory and Philosophy of Law at the University of Buenos Aires.In March 2008 he was appointed titular professor of Constitutional Law in the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo. In April 2011, he was appointed director of the career of Advocacy at that university. He is a full professor in the Department of General Theory and Philosophy of Law. Professor of Human Rights and Constitutional Guarantees. School of Law, University of Buenos Aires. On February 1, 2016, <mask> denounced the president Mauricio Macri and several ministers for the crimes of "violation of the duties of a public official" and "abuse of authority". Research work done
 1966: "Legal analysis of the institutional change operated on June 28, 1966", article in the magazine  Cuadernos del Centro de Estudiantes de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, No.1. 1967: "The concept of responsibility in the Code of Military Justice", article in Critical Review of legislation and jurisprudence. # 1; year 1967. 1968: "Considerations on the validity of the mandates called" Laws of the Nation ", article in Revista  Critique of legislation and jurisprudence , nº 5, year 1968. 1970: "Law and Social Change; article in the magazine  Critique of legislation and jurisprudence , nº 7, Year 1970. 1970: "The causal relationship"; in  Illegality and compensation . Buenos Aires: Jorge Álvarez, 1970.1971: «The legitimacy of the National liberation processes»; article in the magazine  Cuadernos de Cultura , number 38, 1971. 1972: "analysis of the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation on matters of Constitutional Rights and Guarantees"; article in the magazine  Critique of legislation and jurisprudence; No. 8, 1972. 1972: "The jurisdictional control of the so-called political issues", article in  Proceedings of the Second Franco-Latin American Days of Comparative Law . Buenos Aires, 1972. 1972: «The Peace Concept and the Movements of National Liberation», in the magazine  Review of Contemporary Law A.I.J.D. . Brussels (Belgium). 1973: «Power and Law»; article in the  Revista del Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional (CEREN) ; Santiago de Chile, 1973.1973: «Summary of the fundamental concepts of the Pure Theory of Law of Hans Kelsen», article in the Publications Department of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, file 00514, year 1973. 1973: «Critical analysis of fundamental legal concepts». Department of Publications of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, file number 00523; year 1973. 1973: «Methodology and legal typology». Publications Department of the Faculty of Law and Social Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires, file number 0052; year 1973. 1974: «Legal Ideology and Social Transition»; in Publications of the First Inter-American Congress on Legal Aspects of Economic Independence. Lima (Peru), 1974.1975: «Proposals for the formulation of a juridical-political instance at the service of the process of national and social liberation of the Latin American peoples». Proceedings of the Second Inter-American Congress on Legal Aspects of Economic Independence ", Panama, Year 1975. "The legal doctrine of individual liberty", in the magazine  El Derecho, 82-865. "The jurisdictional control of the so-called political questions", in "The Right", 84-785. 1978: «The structures of dependence and legal ideology»; in  Magazine of the Faculty of Law of the University of Cuzco , nº 15; year 1978. 1978: Prologue to the book:  Marxism and law, by Jorge L. Rébori. Bogotá (Colombia): Editorial of the Third World, 1978.1979: «Proposals for a materialistic conception of legal relations». Minutes of the Seminar 'Law and Society' of CLACSO. Buenos Aires, year 1979. 1981: "A portrait of the lawyer Teresa Alicia Israel"; in  New Era , nº 8, year 1981. 1981: "Proposal of the International Convention on Guarantees of the Right to Life, to Freedom and to the Physical and Psychic Integrity of the Human Being". Publication of the  International Colloquium on the policy of forced disappearance of people . Paris (France), 1981.1982: "The legal idea of freedom -in view of the state of siege-, in the magazine  Comments , No. 12, year 1982. 1982: "From the ideology of guilt and punishment to the normative presuppositions of a non-sanctioning right"; in  Communications , number 2 of the Institute of Legal Culture of the National University of La Plata, year 1982. 1982: "Be national, national security and institutional exceptionalism"; in «The ideology of national security». Buenos Aires: El Cid, 1982. 1983: Prologue to the book  Prisionero político , by Carlos M. Zamorano. Buenos Aires: Center of Studies, 1983.1984: "Recent reforms to the Code of Military Justice", in "The Observer," No. 19, 1984. 1984: «Some reflections and theses on the role of the legal profession and the legal ideology in the Rule of Law», in  Proceedings of the VI Congress of the Ibero-American Union of Lawyers and Bar Associations  (UIBA), 1984. 1985: "Contributions to a theory of the transition from institutional exceptionality to the rule of law. Proposals for a juridico-political model of state and law for countries in process towards national and social liberation "(essay formulated with regard to the rupture of the ideology of" national security "); in «Insecurity and denationalization», ed. Human rights; Buenos Aires, year 1985. 1985: "Process to State Terrorism", article of May 7, 1985 in the newspaper "Qué Pasa".1985: "Marxism and Human Rights." Cuadernos de Cultura , new era, nº 2, year 1985. 1985: "Concerning the" order "of Human Rights"; in the magazine  El Derecho , September 15, 1985. 1986: «Methodology of political praxis»; in the magazine  Nueva Era , December 1986. 1986: "The prescription of criminal action in the crimes of terrorism", article in the newspaper  Río Negro , October 15, 86. 1986: «Legal defense of the rights to life and personal freedom in the Argentine military regime» (pp. 141–163); in CESOC, Academy of Christian Humanism.Santiago de Chile, 1986. 1987: "The official story of the" end point "and the" due obedience"», in "Military crisis, a country in due obedience". Buenos Aires: Antarco, 1987. 1987: "Problems of fundamental human rights in developing countries"; in the  Second International Congress of the International Association of Constitutional Law . Freiburg (Federal Republic of Germany): University of Freiburg, year 1987. 1987: «Misery of the Alfonsinist constitutional reform». Buenos Aires: Committee of Propaganda of the Communist Party, 1987.1987: "The difficult" invention "of due obedience"; in  End of Century , number 1, year 1987. 1987: prologue to the work  The disappeared lawyers . Buenos Aires: Commission of  Relatives of Detained and Disappeared for Political Reasons, 1987. 1988: «Human Rights» (4 trials); in  End of Century , year 1988. 1988: «The mythological ghost of political issues not justiciable», in the newspaper "Page / 12" (Buenos Aires), year 1988. 1988: «The persecuted Chilean politicians and the renewed doctrine of the« two demons »; in  New SUR, year 1988. 1989: «The crime of Kidnapping of Identity and the Natural Family»; in Magazine of the Commission of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared for Political Reasons, year 1989.1989: "The two battles", "New SUR", year 1989. 1989: «La Tablada; repression and judicial battle »;  New SUR , year 1989
 1989: «The judicial process of La Tablada as a global essay of a future repression»; in  New SUR; year 1989. 1989: «The presidential pardon; last section of the general project of impunity »; New SUR, year 1989. 1989: "State of Siege and Law of Defense of the Nation";  New SUR, year 1989. 1989: "Examination of the convenience, opportunity and necessity of the announced Constitutional Reform", Magazine of the Commission of Relatives of the Detained and Disappeared for Political Reasons; year 1989. 1989: «The other program» (2 essays), New SUR ; year 1989. 1990: "The new Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation; one step more in the increase of institutional exceptionality"; weekly  Proposal , year 1990.1990: «The rotten apple of the Upper Valley of the Black River»;  New SUR ; year 1990. 1990: «And we; where we are? Critical examination on the situation of socialism »; Bulletins of the Committee, Central of the Communist Party; year 1990. 1990: «Violence and Revenge; a social disease »;  New SUR , year 1990. 1990: "Examination of the impossibility of the Rule of Law in Argentina";  New SUR ; year 1990. 1990: «Human Rights and Socialism. Conjunction for the alternative proposal »;  New SUR , year 1990.1990: "Proposal, front and PC"; Weekly PROPOSAL, year 1990. 1990: "The future of Human Rights and Socialism";  New SUR , year 1990. 1990: "Legal repugnance to presidential pardon";  New SUR , year 1990. 1991: "Critical examination of the judicial process against the" descamisados "; in the magazine  Análisis , Paraná (province of Entre Ríos), 1991. 1991: «Reflections on war and peace, about the Middle East and the Persian Gulf»;  Magazine of the Armenian Community in Argentina ; year 1991.

masks:
Eduardo Salvador Barcesat
Eduardo Barcesat
Barcesat
Eduardo
Eduardo Barcesat


title: Eduardo Barcesat

texts:
 1991: «The" sacred "property right of the Ford»; weekly  Proposal ; 1991
 1991: «Human Rights; a retrospective of 25 years »; in weekly  Accion , edition of the 25 years; year 1991. 1991: "Why not?Constitutional Reform and Human Rights ", in the magazine  Margen Izquierdo ; May 1991. 1992: "Constitutional Reform or Institutional Trap? ", In "Cuadernos de Marxismo", No. 1, year 1992. 1993: "Critical examination of the proposals contained in the" end of history ", from the political and social philosophy of Human Rights", in "'Notebooks of Marxism' ', special supplement, January 1993. 1993:  Right to the right; democracy and liberation. Buenos Aires:  End of Century , September 1993.1993: "Socialism and Human Rights", article in the magazine  Against Legem  (Buenos Aires), year 1, number 2, October 1993. 1993: «How the National Constitution is reformed», article in the magazine  Acción . # 101; Oct. 1993. 1993: "Plebiscite and Constitutional Reform", article in the magazine  Action , number 104, Nov. 1993. 1994: «Socialism; thinking and perspective »; compilation of the seminar. Rosario: Actuel Marx, July 1994. 1994: «Beauty and the Beast», article in the magazine  Accion , September 1994.1994: «Socialism and Human Rights. A joint construction ", Rosario: Homo Sapiens, 1994. 1995:  Balance of the constitutional reform . Buenos Aires: Publications of the Institute of Studies on Constitutional Law of the University of Belgrano, year 1995. «Debate on the Constitutional Reform»; in  Magazine of the Bar Association of La Plata ; year XXXIV, number 55. 1995: «On the future of Law», in the magazine "Derecho y Revés"; Year 1, number 0, Buenos Aires, 1995. 1995: "A year of the Constitutional Reform", in the "Magazine of the National Congress"; year 1995.1995: «On the autonomy of the City of Buenos Aires», in the magazine "El Derecho", November 8, 1995. 1996: "The external history of the truth and the judicial process", in "Periodico de las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo"; Year XIV, No. 130, May 1996, p. 12
 1996: "May God protect us", in the newspaper  Accion . May 16, 1996, p. 6
 1996: «Judicial pronouncement», in magazine "Plenary"; AABA, May 1996, p. eleven. 1996: «On the autonomy of the city of Buenos Aires»; opinion column in the newspaper  Ámbito Financiero , 8-8-96. 1996: «The third senator for the city of Buenos Aires». Bulletin of the Argentine League for the Rights of Man; August 1996.1996: «Transfer of 600 Courts». Plenary Magazine, Publication of the Association of Lawyers of Buenos Aires; December 1996. 1997: «Review of the autonomy of the City of Buenos Aires». Magazine of the Municipal Law Institute of the San Isidro Bar Association, February 1997. «The universe of art. 19 of the National Constitution »; article in the magazine  El Derecho ; 170-1223;
 1997: "State of fact". La Vuelta Magazine, number 0, March 1997.1997: «Interpretation of art. 19 of the National Constitution »; article in the magazine  El Derecho , ed. May 16, 1997, p. 5. 1997: «The Left and Elections». Right and Wrong Magazine. Year II no. 3; September 1997.1997: «The message of the remains of« Che »Guevara»; in «The Bulletin» of the Argentine League for the Rights of Man; October 1997, p. 13
 1997: "Jurisdictional protection of Human Rights"; article in the magazine  Liber / Pueblo ; December 1997. 1998: «The Law is not born of force»;  La Nación , 4-2-98, p. 13
 1998: «The Police is slave labor of the model»; Report published in  Fifth Power ; page. 3; October / November 1998. 1998: «Lawyers and Judicial Power»; in the magazine  Third Instance , November 1998. 1998: «The Universal Jurisdiction»; in Judicial News; November 3, 1998. 1999: "Rule of Law"; in the I Seminar of Critical Analysis of the Argentine Reality, 1984–1999; in the newspaper  Página / 12  (Buenos Aires); December 10, 1999. 2000: "Unreason in Justice"; in the newspaper  Página / 12  (Buenos Aires); April 21, 2000
 2000: "The inapplicability of the laws of final point and due obedience"; Weekly «EL SOL», province of Mendoza; ed.11-5-00. 2000: "Exegesis of the ruling of Chamber II of the Federal Chamber on the laws of final point and due obedience"; article in the magazine of the American Association of Jurists; July 2000
 2001: «Reconciliation? Magazine of the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo; Buenos Aires; July 2000
 2001: «Ethics and politics»; supplement of the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, in the newspaper  Page / 12  (Buenos Aires), March 2, 2001. 2001: «Ethics and politics»; supplement of the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, in the newspaper  Página / 12  (Buenos Aires), February 9, 2001
 2001: "Justice, Power and Privileges"; in the magazine  Locas, Cultura y Utopía ; Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo; # 3, June / July 2001; p. 32. 2001: «Talking seriously about Human Rights», in the supplement of the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, in the newspaper  Page / 12  (Buenos Aires), September 21, 2001, . 2001: "Semblanza de Enrique E. Marí"; in the magazine  Locas, Cultura y Utopía , from the Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo; # August 4 / October 2001; P. 34/35. 2001: «Justice of the Misery and Misery of Justice».Magazine of the Buenos Aires Judicial Federation; September / October 2001; P. 17
 2001: Chapter: Speak the protagonists, in «Media and Constitutional Reform in Argentina», of Mr. <mask>ik, presentation of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation.- December 13, 2001. 2003: "On the laws of the" end point "and the" due obedience "; article in the legal magazine  La Ley ; ed. April 14, 2003. 2030: «The Problem of Truth in the Judicial Process». Delivered for publication to the legal magazine  La Ley , July 2003. 2003: «The concept of emergency. Contributions from a critical theory ».Delivered for publication to the  La Ley  publishing house (July 2003). 2003: «Nullity of the laws of due obedience and end point»; Interview with Drs. <mask>. <mask> and Daniel Sabsay. Rev. The Law , ed. September 16, 2003. 2003: «The problem of truth in the judicial process»; Law 2003.- D, 1331.2003: «The concept of emergency in law. Contributions from a critical theory »; in Supplement Economic Emergency and Theory of Law; August 2003; The Law 2003– E, 1078. 2003: «On the laws of« End point »and« Due obedience »; The Law 2003– c; 1486
 2004: «First reflections on the ruling of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation regarding legitimization of pesification»; Note to failure, The Law on line. 2004: «Critical review of the judicial process and failure of the AMIA»; in the magazine  Convergencia ; August–September 2004; year 4, No. 15; P. 12
 2005: «Reflections on external debt, Human Rights and Emergency, in collaboration with Roberto J. Boico, La Ley 2005-C; 329
 2005: «Reflections on the language and validity of the law»; The Law 2005-B, 940. 2005: «Critical examination of law 25,990»; The Law 2005– B, 1002. 2005: «The problem of Human Rights in the XXI Century; The challenges of the New World Order »; Rev.Plenario, Association of Lawyers of Buenos Aires, New Series, Year II, Nº 2 2005. 2005: "An exemplary ruling" Note to ruling, Constitutional supplement to the Law October 25, 2005, p. 51
 2006: Bibliographic note on the book "Critical Manual of Human Rights", by Juan Carlos Wlasik, Ed. La Ley; Buenos Aires, 2006. Law March 8, 2006, p. 3. 2006: «Thirty years after the coup», in Lawyers; article in the magazine of the Bar Association No. 89; February / March 2006; P. 18
 2006: "An unnecessary and harmful law" in "The Law"; June 14, 2006: _
 2006: «Reform of the Military Justice Code system», article in the magazine  La Ley , October 12, 2006. 2007: «The nullity of the pardons regarding perpetrators and participants in crimes against humanity»; Note to failure: The Law; July 20, 2007.2007: «The metamorphosis of politics», www.espacioconvergencia.com.ar; October 20, 2007, Internet. 2007: «Condemned to failure»; in Siglo XXIII magazine; in ed. November 9, 2007. 2009: «State and Law in the crisis»; in the magazine  Cultural Bitácora , number 25, June 2009; p. 11 / 12. 2009: «The subject of Law: The human being or heritage?»;  The Law , ed. July 2, 2009, Supplement Actuality, p. one. 2009: «Tenure for drug consumption»; The Law, Special Supplement, "Arriola, Sebastián and others"; August 25, 2009, p. 7/9.2009: «The new international financial architecture. The international law of human rights. The economic principle of self-sufficiency and the right to self-determination ";  The Law , supplement Actualidad. Ed. December 10, 2009, p. 1/3
 2010: Notes to judgments (patriotic background of the Bicentennial and Redrado); the law ed. February 1, 10; P. 2 and 3. 2010: «The words of the Constitution» (About the average null penalty – of reform of law 26.180 of tax on the check);  The Law , ed.April 22, 10
 2010: "Supreme Court, its role and doctrine"; article in the magazine Convergencia; May–June 2010, p. 12/14. 2010: Prologue to the book of Dr. Raúl Zaffaroni, "Crimes of mass". Buenos Aires: Popular University of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, August 2010. 2010: Note to ruling: "Judicial protection of the rights to life and health against the persecutory power of crimes by the National State; Supplement "Judicial Doctrine", Newspaper "The Law"; Nº: 38, October 22, 10. p. 2577. 2010: Column of opinion with reference to the case «Sosa», Supplement Actuality Daily Law; ed. October 12, 10
 2010: Note to ruling: "The reasonable period in the precautionary measures; Diario La Ley, Ed. October 20, 10.2010: "The full judiciability of the Economic Social and Cultural Rights," The book of the Bicentennial of the May Revolution. Ed. Faculty of Law, University of Buenos Aires, year 2010; P. 11 and ss. 2011: «Examination of the DNU No. 441/11», in "The Law", ed. Apr 26, 2011, p. 1 and s.s.
 2011: «The provisions on currency settlement»; in  The Law , 'Opinion Column'; ed. 9-9-11, pags 1 and s.s.
 2012: «YPF.Examination of legality of the expropriatory measure, Reflections on the BITs and the ICSID under the notion of "legal security"; in  La Ley , supplement «Actualidad», ed. May 10, 12, pages. 1–4; in collaboration with Roberto J. Boico. 2012: «Press Paper, Democratization and Citizenship Act», by <mask><mask> and Roberto J. Boico,  Public Law Magazine , number 1; P. 3 and 5, Buenos Aires, 2012. 2012: «A response to Lorenzetti», article of August 10, 2012 in the newspaper  Página / 12  (Buenos Aires). 2012: "On arbitration and private international law", editorial of August 24, 2012 in the newspaper  Page 12 . Private life
He is married, and has Jewish ancestors.In several places it is mentioned that <mask> is Jewish:
 "The meeting of Argentines of Jewish origin adds adhesions: "A reaction from the community" », article of February 16, 2015 on the website Iton Gadol (the Jewish world in Spanish). of February of 16.html "A reaction of the community", article of February 16, 2015 in the newspaper  Page / 12  (Buenos Aires). «Jorge Elbaum:" There are other Argentines of Jewish origin who express something very plural and progressive "», article of February 2015 in the Jewish News Agency website. "Argentines of Jewish origin facing the DAIA call a plenary", article of February 2015 on the website Agencia El Vigía (Buenos Aires). todos.html «Members of the Jewish community of Argentina do not want" that DAIA speak for everyone "», article of April 17, 2015 on the website of the agency Télam (Buenos Aires). References

1940 births
Argentine lawyers
University of Buenos Aires faculty
People from Córdoba, Argentina
Argentine communists
Jewish Argentine politicians
Argentine human rights activists
Living

masks:
Eduardo Zukern
Eduardo s
Barcesat
Eduardo S
. Barcesat
Eduardo Barcesat


title: Diana Jones (singer-songwriter)

texts:
<mask> is an American singer-songwriter based in Nashville, Tennessee. <mask>'s career gained wider critical acclaim in 2006 with the release of her album, My Remembrance of You. The album made a number of critics end-of-the-year "best of" lists. The Chicago Tribune rated the album as the "best country recording of 2006" and described <mask> as "an Americana gem", whose sound rides "an old-timey vibe that never sounds fussy, ... in a voice subtly shaded by the high lonesome sound." <mask> has also won a number of songwriting competitions including the venerable "New Folk" competition at the 2006 Kerrville Folk Festival. Her song "Pony" was nominated as "Song of the Year" by the North American Folk Alliance, and <mask> herself was nominated as "Emerging Artist of the Year" for 2006. Biography
<mask> was adopted as an infant and raised in New York City.She was first drawn to country music in the early 1980s while attending high school on Long Island. While her peers were listening to Michael Jackson, Kenny Loggins and Prince she began to seek out recordings by Johnny Cash and Patsy Cline. She was also drawn to contemporary acts like Dolly Parton and Emmylou Harris. After graduating from college <mask> was reunited with her birth family in eastern Tennessee. It was there that she also gained a sense of her musical heritage when she discovered her grandfather, Robert Lee Maranville, was a talented singer and had been in a Knoxville band with Chet Atkins. "I found my first Smithsonian Folkways recording of Southern ballads up at Cades Cove in the Smokies on a drive with him", <mask> explained to the Columbus Dispatch. "I put it in the CD player, and he started singing along and tapping his finger on his leg.He knew all those songs...I felt like I had discovered the source of what I had been trying to find musically." In the 1990s <mask> continued to develop as a writer and performer in the music scene around Austin, Texas She released two albums, signed a deal with Hamstein Publishing, and began to develop a grass roots following. It was the death of Maranville in 2000 that caused her to move back to the northeastern United States and enter a period of personal reflection: "I wrote this last project [My Remembrance of You] in a cabin in the woods, trying to recover my balance after the loss of my grandfather. I was writing songs because I had to, for myself." Career
Although widely recognized as an "emerging artist" in 2006, <mask>'s recording and songwriting career began a decade earlier. Her 1997 debut, Imagine Me, has been described as a combination of "the traditional American folk genre with a cutting edge on modern female folk music." Two years later, <mask> followed-up with The One That Got Away.<mask> really caught the attention of folk music fans when she re-emerged with My Remembrance of You. The album was released March 12, 2006. It was dedicated to her late grandfather while also paying tribute to producer and archivist Alan Lomax. The recording almost immediately received high praise from critics. The collection of eleven original songs have been described as "understated and beautifully crafted" and sounding as though they could have been written in 1935 rather than 2005. In addition to vocals, <mask> is featured on guitar, mandolin and fiddle. Other musicians include Duke Levine on strings, Bob Dick on bass, Lorne Entress on percussion, and Jay Ungar on fiddle.Perhaps the most noted track in the collection is "Pony", a song told from the viewpoint of a young Native American girl in the 1920s who is forced to assimilate to a life and culture that is not her own:

"Pony" features Ferron on backing vocals. In addition to being nominated for a "Song of the Year" award by the North American Folk Alliance, the song finished the year at number 15 in the 2006 year-end Folk Radio Airplay Chart. In 2007 <mask> produced an album of songs written and performed with North Carolina-based songwriter Jonathan Byrd. Radio Soul  is a stripped down recording featuring the voices and guitars of the two songwriters with little added instrumentation. In September 2008, Joan Baez released a recording of <mask>'s "Henry Russell's Last Words" on her album Day After Tomorrow. Baez' album has since been nominated for a Grammy. In 2009, <mask> released "Better Times Will Come" on Proper Records which included "Henry Russell's Last Words," "Cracked and Broken," and "The Day I Die."Nanci Griffith sang back up on the title track. High Atmosphere (Proper) was released in 2011. Museum of Appalachia Recordings was recorded at Peters Homestead Cabin, Museum of Appalachia, in Clinton, Tennessee in December 2012, and released in November 2013. Recorded live with two session musicians, the record was inspired by the love of old-time Appalachian music <mask>'s grandfather passed on to her. <mask> is frequently compared to other distinct voices in Americana music such as Gillian Welch, Iris DeMent, and Alison Krauss. <mask> states that she is flattered by the comparisons and if asked to add a name to the list suggests "Ginny Hawker would be the name I would add. She has one of the truest voices I have heard.I love everything about the way she sings a song." <mask> has shared the stage with many artists, including Janis Ian, Steve Earle, Martina McBride, Nanci Griffith, Richard Thompson, John Gorka, Mary Gauthier, Old Crow Medicine Show, Guy Clark, and many others. Discography
 Imagine Me (1997, New Shoes Records)
 The One That Got Away (<mask> album)|The One That Got Away (1998, New Shoes Records)
 My Remembrance of You (2006, NewSong Recordings)
 Radio Soul, with Jonathan Byrd (May 2007)
 Better Times Will Come (February 2009, Proper Records [UK]/ April 2009 [US])
 High Atmosphere (April 5, 2011, USA)
 Museum Of Appalachia Recordings (July 8, 2013 Proper Records [UK]/ November 5, 2013 Goldmine Records USA)
 Song to a Refugee (September 25, 2020, Proper Records)

External links
 <mask>, official web site
  <mask> at MySpace

Notes and references

American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American women singer-songwriters
American folk singers
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Proper Records artists
Country musicians from Tennessee
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee

masks:
Diana Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Diana Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Diana Jones
Diana Jones
Diana Jones


title: Dale Earnhardt

texts:
<mask>. (; April 29, 1951 – February 18, 2001) was an American professional stock car driver and team owner, who raced from 1975 to 2001 in the former NASCAR Winston Cup Series (now called the NASCAR Cup Series), most notably driving the No. 3 Chevrolet for Richard Childress Racing. The third child of racing driver <mask> and <mask>, he began his career in 1975 in the World 600. <mask> won a total of 76 Winston Cup races over the course of his 26-year career, including four Winston 500s (1990, 1994, 1999, and 2000) and the 1998 Daytona 500. He is the only driver in NASCAR history to score at least one win in 4 different and consecutive decades (scoring his first career win in 1979, 38 wins in the 1980s, 35 wins in the 1990s, & scoring his final two career wins in 2000). He also earned seven Winston Cup championships, a record held with Richard Petty and Jimmie Johnson. Although he is tied for most championships, he is the only driver in NASCAR history to win seven championships under one single points system, and he is also the only driver in NASCAR history to finish either 1st or 2nd in the standings ten times under one single points system.His aggressive driving style earned him the nicknames "The Intimidator", "The Man in Black", and "Ironhead". He is regarded as one of the greatest drivers, and by many NASCAR fans, the greatest driver, in NASCAR history. On February 18, 2001, <mask> died in a sudden last-lap crash during the Daytona 500 due to a basilar skull fracture, an event that is regarded in the racing industry as being a crucial moment in improving safety in all aspects of car racing, especially NASCAR. <mask> has been inducted into numerous halls of fame, including the NASCAR Hall of Fame inaugural class in 2010. Biography

Early and personal life
Of German ancestry, <mask> was born on April 29, 1951, in the Charlotte suburb of Kannapolis, North Carolina, as the third child of Martha ( Coleman, 1930–2021) and <mask>. <mask>'s father was one of the best short-track drivers in North Carolina at the time and won his first and only NASCAR Sportsman Championship in 1956 at Greenville Pickens Speedway in Greenville, South Carolina. In 1963 at the age of 12, <mask> secretly drove his father’s car in one of his races and had a near victory against one of his father's closest competitors.In 1972, he raced his father at Metrolina Speedway in a race with cars from semi mod and sportsman divisions. Although Ralph did not want his son to pursue a career as a race car driver, <mask> dropped out of school to pursue his dreams. Ralph was a hard teacher for <mask>, and after Ralph died of a heart attack at his home in 1973 at age 45, it took many years before <mask> felt as though he had finally "proven" himself to his father. Earnhardt had four siblings: two brothers, Danny (died 2021) and Randy (died 2013); and two sisters, Cathy and Kaye. In 1968, at the age of 17, Earnhardt married his first wife, Latane Brown. With her, Earnhardt fathered his first son, Kerry, a year later. <mask> and Brown divorced in 1970.In 1971, <mask> married his second wife, Brenda Gee, the daughter of NASCAR car builder Robert Gee. In his marriage with Gee, <mask> had two more children: a daughter, Kelley King <mask>, in 1972, and a son, <mask> Jr., in 1974. Not long after <mask>. was born, <mask> and Gee divorced. <mask> then married his third wife, Teresa Houston, in 1982. She gave birth to their daughter, Taylor Nicole <mask>, in 1988. Taylor and her husband, Brandon Putnam, are professional rodeo performers. NASCAR career

Early Winston Cup career (1975–1978)
<mask> began his professional career in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series in 1975, making his points race debut at Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina in the longest race on the Cup circuit—the 1975 World 600.He had made his Grand National debut in 1974 in an unofficial invitational exhibition race at Metrolina Speedway, where with eight laps to go he got under Richard Childress and spun out when battling for third. He drove the No. 8 Ed Negre Dodge Charger and finished 22nd in that race, just one spot ahead of his future car owner, Richard Childress. <mask> competed in eight more races until 1979. Rod Osterlund Racing (1979–1980)
When he joined car owner Rod Osterlund Racing in a season that included a rookie class of future stars including <mask>, Harry Gant, and Terry Labonte in his rookie season, <mask> won one race at Bristol, captured four poles, scored eleven Top 5s and seventeen Top 10s, and finished seventh in the points standings despite missing four races due to a broken collarbone, winning Rookie of the Year honors. During his sophomore season, <mask>, now with 20-year-old Doug Richert as his crew chief, began the season winning the Busch Clash. With wins at Atlanta, Bristol, Nashville, Martinsville, and Charlotte, <mask> won his first Winston Cup points championship.He is the only driver in NASCAR Winston Cup history to follow a Rookie of the Year title with a NASCAR Winston Cup Championship the next season. He was also the third driver in NASCAR history to win both the Rookie of the Year and Winston Cup Series championship, following David Pearson (1960, 1966) and Richard Petty (1959, 1964). Ten drivers have since joined this exclusive club: Rusty Wallace (1984, 1989), Alan Kulwicki (1986, 1992), Jeff Gordon (1993, 1995), Tony Stewart (1999, 2002), Matt Kenseth (2000, 2003), Kevin Harvick (2001, 2014), Kyle Busch (2005, 2015), Joey Logano (2009, 2018), Chase Elliott (2016, 2020), and Kyle Larson (2014, 2021). Rod Osterlund Racing, Stacy Racing, and Richard Childress Racing (1981)
1981 would prove to be tumultuous for the defending Winston Cup champion. Sixteen races into the season, Rod Osterlund suddenly sold his team to Jim Stacy, an entrepreneur from Kentucky who entered NASCAR in 1977. After just four races, <mask> fell out with Stacy and left the team. <mask> finished out the year driving Pontiacs for Richard Childress Racing and managed to place seventh in the final points standings.<mask> departed RCR at the end of the season, citing a lack of chemistry. <mask> was also a color commentator for the Busch Clash, as David Hobbs was a pit reporter on that weekend. Bud Moore Engineering (1982–1983)

The following year, at Childress's suggestion, <mask> joined car owner Bud Moore for the 1982 and 1983 seasons driving the No. 15 Wrangler Jeans-sponsored Ford Thunderbird (the only full-time Ford ride in his career). During the 1982 season, <mask> struggled. Although he won at Darlington, he failed to finish 18 of the 30 races and ended the season 12th in points, the worst of his career. He also suffered a broken kneecap at Pocono Raceway when he flipped after contact with Tim Richmond.In 1983, <mask> rebounded and won his first of 12 Twin 125 Daytona 500 qualifying races. He won at Nashville and at Talladega, finishing 8th in the points standings, despite failing to finish 13 of the 30 races. Return to Richard Childress Racing (1984–2001)

1984–1985
After the 1983 season, <mask> returned to Richard Childress Racing, replacing Ricky Rudd in the No. 3. Rudd went to Bud Moore's No. 15, replacing <mask>. Wrangler sponsored both drivers at their respective teams.During the 1984 and 1985 seasons, <mask> went to victory lane six times, at Talladega, Atlanta, Richmond, Bristol (twice), and Martinsville, where he finished fourth and eighth in the season standings respectively. 1986–1987
The 1986 season saw <mask> win his second career Winston Cup Championship and the first owner's championship for Richard Childress Racing. He won five races and had 16 top-fives and 23 top-10s. <mask> successfully defended his championship the following year, going to victory lane 11 times and winning the championship by 489 points over Bill Elliott. In the process, <mask> set a NASCAR modern-era record of four consecutive wins and won five of the first seven races. In the 1987 season, he earned the nickname "The Intimidator", due in part to the 1987 Winston All-Star Race. During this race, <mask> was briefly forced into the infield grass but kept control of his car and returned to the track without giving up his lead.The maneuver is now referred to as the "Pass in the Grass", even though <mask> did not pass anyone while he was off the track. After The Winston, an angry fan sent Bill France Jr. a letter threatening to kill <mask> at Pocono, Watkins Glen, or Dover, prompting the FBI to provide security for <mask> on the three tracks. The investigation was closed after the races at the three tracks finished without incident. 1988–1989
The 1988 season saw <mask> racing with a new sponsor, GM Goodwrench, after Wrangler Jeans dropped its sponsorship in 1987. During this season, he changed the color of his paint scheme from blue and yellow to the signature black in which the No. 3 car was painted for the rest of his life. He won three races in 1988, finishing third in the points standings behind Bill Elliott in first and Rusty Wallace in second.The following year, <mask> won five races, but a late spin out at North Wilkesboro arguably cost him the 1989 championship, as Rusty Wallace edged him out for it by 12 points (<mask> won the final race, but Wallace finished 15th when needing to finish at least 18th to win). It was his first season for the GM Goodwrench Chevrolet Lumina. 1990–1995
The 1990 season started for <mask> with victories in the Busch Clash and his heat of the Gatorade Twin 125's. Near the end of the Daytona 500, he had a dominant forty-second lead when the final caution flag came out with a handful of laps to go. When the green flag waved, <mask> was leading Derrike Cope. On the final lap, Earnhardt ran over a piece of metal, which was later revealed as a bell housing, in turn 3, cutting down a tire. Cope, in an upset, won the race while <mask> finished fifth after leading 155 of the 200 laps.The No. 3 Goodwrench-sponsored Chevy team took the flat tire that cost them the win and hung it on the shop wall as a reminder of how close they had come to winning the Daytona 500. <mask> won nine races that season and won his fourth Winston Cup title, beating Mark Martin by 26 points. He also became the first multiple winner of the annual all-star race, The Winston. The 1991 season saw <mask> win his fifth Winston Cup championship. This season, he scored four wins and won the championship by 195 points over Ricky Rudd. One of his wins came at North Wilkesboro, in a race where Harry Gant had a chance to set a single-season record by winning his fifth consecutive race, breaking a record held by <mask>.Late in the race, Gant lost his brakes, which gave <mask> the chance he needed to make the pass for the win and maintain his record. <mask>'s only win of the 1992 season came at Charlotte, in the Coca-Cola 600, ending a 13-race win streak by Ford teams. <mask> finished a career-low 12th in the points for the second time in his career, with three last place finishes (Daytona and Talladega in July and Martinsville in September), and the only time he had finished that low since joining Richard Childress Racing. He still made the trip to the annual Awards Banquet with Rusty Wallace but did not have the best seat in the house. Wallace stated he and <mask> had to sit on the backs of their chairs to see, and <mask> said, "This sucks, I should have gone hunting." At the end of the year, longtime crew chief Kirk Shelmerdine left to become a driver. Andy Petree took over as crew chief.Hiring Petree turned out to be beneficial, as <mask> returned to the front in 1993. He once again came close to a win at the Daytona 500 and dominated Speedweeks before finishing second to <mask> on a last-lap pass. <mask> scored six wins en route to his sixth Winston Cup title, including wins in the first prime-time Coca-Cola 600 and The Winston, both at Charlotte, and the Pepsi 400 at Daytona. He beat Rusty Wallace for the championship by 80 points. On November 14, 1993, after the season-ending Hooters 500 at Atlanta, the race winner Wallace and 1993 series champion <mask> ran a dual Polish Victory Lap together while carrying #28 and #7 flags commemorating 1992 Daytona 500 winner Davey Allison and 1992 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion Alan Kulwicki respectively, who both had died in separate plane accidents during the season. In 1994, <mask> achieved a feat that he himself had believed to be impossible—he scored his seventh Winston Cup championship, tying Richard Petty. He was very consistent, scoring four wins, and after Ernie Irvan was sidelined due to a near-deadly crash at Michigan (the two were neck-and-neck at the top of the points up until the crash), won the title by over 400 points over Mark Martin.<mask> sealed the deal at Rockingham by winning the race over Rick Mast. It was his final NASCAR championship and his final season for the GM Goodwrench Chevrolet Lumina. <mask> started off the 1995 season by finishing second in the Daytona 500 to Sterling Marlin. He won five races in

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title: Dale Earnhardt

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 1995, including his first road course victory at Sears Point. He also won the Brickyard 400 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway, a win he called the biggest of his career. But in the end, <mask> lost the championship to Jeff Gordon by 34 points. The GM Goodwrench racing team changed to Chevrolet Monte Carlos.1996–1999

1996 for <mask> started just like it had done in 1993—he dominated Speedweeks, only to finish second in the Daytona 500 to <mask> for the second time. He won early in the year, scoring consecutive victories at Rockingham and Atlanta. On July 28 in the DieHard 500 at Talladega, he was second in points and looking for his eighth season title, despite the departure of crew chief Andy Petree. Late in the race, Ernie Irvan lost control of his No. 28 Havoline-sponsored Ford Thunderbird, made contact with the No. 4 Kodak-sponsored Chevy Monte Carlo of Sterling Marlin, and ignited a crash that saw <mask>'s No. 3 Chevrolet hit the tri-oval wall nearly head-on at almost 200 mph.After hitting the wall, <mask>'s car flipped and slid across the track, in front of race traffic. His car was hit in the roof and windshield. This accident, as well as a similar accident that led to the death of Russell Phillips at Charlotte, led NASCAR to mandate the "Earnhardt Bar", a metal brace located in the center of the windshield that reinforces the roof in case of a similar crash. This bar is also required in NASCAR-owned United SportsCar Racing and its predecessors for road racing. Rain delays had canceled the live telecast of the race, and most fans first learned of the accident during the night's sports newscasts. Video of the crash showed what appeared to be a fatal incident, but once medical workers arrived at the car, <mask> climbed out and waved to the crowd, refusing to be loaded onto a stretcher despite a broken collarbone, sternum, and shoulder blade. Although the incident looked like it would end his season early, <mask> refused to stay out of the car.The next week at Indianapolis, he started the race but exited the car on the first pit stop, allowing Mike Skinner to take the wheel. When asked, <mask> said that vacating the No. 3 car was the hardest thing he had ever done. The following weekend at Watkins Glen, he drove the No. 3 Goodwrench Chevrolet to the fastest time in qualifying, earning the "True Grit" pole. T-shirts emblazoned with <mask>'s face were quickly printed up, brandishing the caption, "It Hurt So Good". <mask> led for most of the race and looked to have victory in hand, but fatigue took its toll and he ended up sixth behind race winner Geoff Bodine.<mask> did not win again in 1996 but still finished fourth in the standings behind Terry Labonte, Jeff Gordon, and <mask>, with 2 wins, 13 top fives, 17 top tens, and his last 2 career poles, with an average finish of 10.6. David Smith departed as crew chief of the No. 3 team and RCR at the end of the year for personal reasons, and he was replaced by Larry McReynolds. In 1997, <mask> went winless for only the second time in his career. The only (non-points) win came during Speedweeks at Daytona in the Twin 125-mile qualifying race, his record eighth-straight win in the event. Once again in the hunt for the Daytona 500 with 10 laps to go, <mask> was taken out of contention by a late crash which sent his car upside down on the backstretch. He hit the low point of his year when he blacked out early in the Mountain Dew Southern 500 at Darlington in September, causing him to hit the wall.Afterward, he was disoriented, and it took several laps before he could find his pit stall. When asked, <mask> complained of double vision which made it difficult to pit. Mike Dillon (Richard Childress's son-in-law) was brought in to relieve <mask> for the remainder of the race. <mask> was evaluated at a local hospital and cleared to race the next week, but the cause of the blackout and double vision was never determined. Despite no wins, <mask> finished the season fifth in the final standings with 7 top fives and 16 top tens, with an average finish of 12.1. On February 15, 1998, <mask> finally won the Daytona 500 in his 20th attempt after failing to win in his previous 19 attempts. He began the season by winning his Twin 125-mile qualifier race for the ninth straight year, and the week before was the first to drive around the track under the newly installed lights, for coincidentally 20 laps.On race day, he showed himself to be a contender early. Halfway through the race, however, it seemed that Jeff Gordon had the upper hand. But by lap 138, <mask> had taken the lead and thanks to a push by teammate Mike Skinner, he maintained it. <mask> made it to the caution-checkered flag before Bobby Labonte. Afterwards, there was a large show of respect for <mask>, in which every crew member of every team lined pit road to shake his hand as he made his way to victory lane. <mask> then drove his No. 3 into the infield grass, starting a trend of post-race celebrations.He spun the car twice, throwing grass and leaving tire tracks in the shape of a No. 3 in the grass. He then spoke about the victory, saying, "I have had a lot of great fans and people behind me all through the years and I just can't thank them enough. The Daytona 500 is ours. We won it, we won it, we won it!" The rest of the season did not go as well, and the Daytona 500 was his only victory that year. Despite that, he did almost pull off a Daytona sweep, where he was one of the contenders for the win in the first nighttime Pepsi 400, but a pit stop late in the race in which a rogue tire cost him the race win.He slipped to 12th in the point standings halfway through the season, and Richard Childress decided to make a crew chief change, taking Mike Skinner's crew chief Kevin Hamlin and putting him with <mask> while giving Skinner Larry McReynolds (Earnhardt's crew chief). <mask> finished the 1998 season eighth in the final points standings, with 1 win, 5 top fives, and 13 top tens, with an average finish of 16.2. Before the 1999 season, fans began discussing <mask>'s age and speculating that with his son, <mask>., making his Winston Cup debut, <mask> might be contemplating retirement. <mask> swept both races for the year at Talladega, leading some to conclude that his talent had become limited to the restrictor plate tracks, which require a unique skill set and an exceptionally powerful racecar to win. But halfway through the year, <mask> began to show some of the old spark. In the August race at Michigan, he led laps late in the race and nearly pulled off his first win on a non-restrictor-plate track since 1996. One week later, he provided NASCAR with one of its most controversial moments.At the Bristol night race, <mask> found himself in contention to win his first short track race since Martinsville in 1995. When a caution came out with 15 laps to go, leader Terry Labonte got hit from behind by the lapped car of Darrell Waltrip. His spin put <mask> in the lead with five cars between him and Labonte with five laps to go. Labonte had four fresh tires, and <mask> was driving on old tires, which made <mask>'s car considerably slower. Labonte caught <mask> and passed him coming to the white flag, but <mask> drove hard into turn two, bumping Labonte and spinning him around. <mask> collected the win while spectators booed and made obscene gestures. "I didn't mean to turn him around, I just wanted to rattle his cage," <mask> said of the incident.He finished seventh in the standings that year, with 3 wins, 7 top fives, and 21 top tens, with an average finish of 12.0. 2000

In the 2000 season, <mask> had a resurgence, which was commonly attributed to neck surgery he underwent to correct a lingering injury from his 1996 Talladega crash. He scored what were considered the two most exciting wins of the year—winning by 0.010 seconds over Bobby Labonte at Atlanta, then gaining seventeen positions in the final four laps to win at Talladega, claiming his only No Bull million-dollar bonus along with his record 10th win at the track. <mask> also had second-place runs at Richmond and Martinsville, tracks where he had struggled through the late 1990s. On the strength of those performances, <mask> got to second in the standings. However, poor performances at the road course of Watkins Glen, where he wrecked coming out of the chicane, a wreck with Kenny Irwin Jr. while leading the spring race at Bristol, and mid-pack runs at intermediate tracks like Charlotte and Dover in a season dominated by the Ford Taurus in those tracks from Roush, Yates, and Penske, coupled with Bobby Labonte's extreme consistency, denied <mask> an eighth championship title. <mask> finished 2000 with two wins, 13 top fives, 24 top tens, an average finish of 9.4, and was the only driver besides Labonte to finish the season with zero DNF's.Death

During the Daytona 500 at Daytona International Speedway on February 18, 2001, <mask> was killed in a three-car crash on the final lap of the race. He collided with Ken Schrader after making small contact with Sterling Marlin and hit the outside wall head-on. He had been blocking Schrader on the outside and Marlin on the inside at the time of the crash. <mask>'s and Schrader's cars both slid off the track's asphalt banking into the infield grass just inside of turn 4. Seconds later, his driver Michael Waltrip won the race, with his teammate and son <mask> Jr. finishing second. <mask>'s death was officially pronounced at the Halifax Medical Center at 5:16 PM Eastern Standard Time (22:16 UTC); he was 49 years old. NASCAR president Mike Helton confirmed <mask>'s death in a statement to the press.An autopsy conducted on February 19, 2001, concluded that <mask> sustained a fatal basilar skull fracture. Days later, on February 22, public funeral services were held at the Calvary Church in Charlotte, North Carolina. Aftermath
After <mask>'s death, two investigations led by the police and NASCAR commenced; nearly every detail of the crash was made public. The allegations of seatbelt failure resulted in Bill Simpson's resignation from the company bearing his name, which manufactured the seatbelts used in <mask>'s car and nearly every other NASCAR driver's car. NASCAR implemented rigorous safety improvements, such as mandating the HANS device, which <mask> refused to wear after finding it restrictive and uncomfortable. Several press conferences were held in the days following <mask>'s death. After driver Sterling Marlin and his relatives received hate mail and death threats from angry fans, Waltrip and <mask> Jr. absolved him of any responsibility.Richard Childress made a public pledge that the number 3 would never again adorn the side of a black race car with a GM Goodwrench sponsorship. The number returned for the 2014 season, this time not sponsored by GM Goodwrench (which was rebranded GM Certified Service in 2011), driven by Childress's grandson Austin Dillon. At this time, his team was re-christened as the No. 29 team. Childress' second-year Busch Series driver Kevin Harvick was named as <mask>'s replacement, beginning with the 2001 Dura Lube 400 at North Carolina Speedway. Special pennants bearing the No. 3 were distributed to everyone at the track to honor <mask>, and the Childress team wore blank uniforms out of respect, something which disappeared quickly and was soon replaced by the previous GM Goodwrench Service Plus uniforms.Harvick's car always displayed the Earnhardt stylized number 3 on the "B" posts (metal portion on each side of the car to the rear of the front windows) above the number 29 until the end of 2013, when he departed for Stewart-Haas Racing. Fans began honoring <mask> by holding three fingers aloft on the third lap of every race, a black screen of No. 3 in the beginning of NASCAR Thunder 2002 before the EA Sports logo, and the television coverage of NASCAR on Fox and NASCAR on NBC went silent for each third lap from Rockingham to the following year's race there in honor of <mask>, unless on-track incidents brought out the caution flag on the third lap. Three weeks after <mask>'s death, Harvick, driving a car that had been prepared for Earnhardt, scored his first career Cup win at Atlanta. On the final lap of the 2001 Cracker Barrel Old Country Store 500, he beat Jeff Gordon by .006 seconds (the margin being 0.004 of a second closer than <mask> had won over Bobby Labonte at the same race a year ago) in an identical photo finish, and the images of <mask>'s longtime gas man Danny "Chocolate" Myers crying after the victory, Harvick's tire-smoking burnout on the frontstretch with three fingers held aloft outside the driver's window. The win was also considered cathartic for a sport whose epicenter had been ripped away. Harvick would win another race at the inaugural event at Chicagoland en route to a ninth-place finish in the final points, and won Rookie of the Year honors along with the 2001 NASCAR Busch Series Championship.Dale Earnhardt, Inc. won five races in the 2001 season, beginning

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