title: Corey Burton

texts:
<mask> (born August 3, 1955), better known as <mask>, is an American voice actor. He currently voices Captain Hook, Ludwig Von Drake, Dale, and others for The Walt Disney Company; Shockwave on The Transformers; Brainiac in the DC Animated Universe; Zeus in the God of War series; Count Dooku and Cad Bane in Star Wars; and Hugo Strange in Batman: Arkham City. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in the Granada Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles on August 3, 1955. Career

Early career
<mask> began his career at age 17 under the stage name <mask>, with an imitation performance of voice actor Hans Conried for Disney. He studied radio acting with Daws Butler for four years and went on to work with nearly all of the original Hollywood radio actors in classic-style radio dramas. He was unsure at first about pursuing voice-work, due to his shy demeanor and Asperger syndrome, but credits the diverse world and character design of Disney's The Haunted Mansion attraction as his inspiration to move forward. He voiced 169 different characters across 124 episodes of Adventures in Odyssey, a series by the Evangelical Christian organization Focus on the Family.<mask> has done extensive voice-work for Disney, including animated features and theme park attractions at the Disneyland Resort, Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney Resort. He provides the "Feature Presentation" voice on direct-to-video video releases and can be heard as the narration voice at Disneyland. He provided the voice of Captain Hook in Disney's Return to Never Land and dubbed the voice of Deems Taylor in Fantasia for the film's 2000 and 2010 re-releases. <mask> has voiced sound-alikes and original characters for over 50 Disney Storyteller records. His roles include:
 Ludwig Von Drake in DuckTales and its 2017 reboot. Dale and Zipper in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers. The White Rabbit and Mad Hatter in Disney's House of Mouse.Gruffi Gummi and Toadwart in Disney's Adventures of the Gummi Bears (Following the death of Bill Scott). Zeus in Disney's Hercules: The Animated Series (replacing Rip Torn). Quint and Speedy the Snail in Timon & Pumbaa. Gaëtan "Mole" Molière in Atlantis: The Lost Empire and Atlantis: Milo's Return. Ansem the Wise  in the Kingdom Hearts series. Professor Owl in the Disney Sing-Along Songs series. King Stefan in Disney Princess Enchanted Tales: Follow Your Dreams.Buzz Lightyear in the Disney on Ice adaptation of Toy Story 3. Yen Sid and Captain Hook in Epic Mickey. Doc Hudson in various Cars media and Radiator Springs Racers (replacing Paul Newman). General Knowledge from the former Cranium Command attraction at Epcot. Dale, Bruno Biggs and Moe Whiplash from Walt Disney World Quest: Magical Racing Tour. Paul Frees
<mask> is perhaps best known to Disney fans for his imitation of the late voice actor Paul Frees as the Ghost Host in Disneyland's Haunted Mansion Holiday attraction. He also recited the classic line "Welcome, foolish mortals" in the opening of the film version of The Haunted Mansion.<mask> was approached to record a new safety spiel for the intro to the original Haunted Mansion ride. He declined and the spiel was instead recorded by voice actor Joe Leahy. <mask> provides many others Paul Frees-like voices for Disneyland Park, including several newer pirates in the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction (like the "Pooped Pirate" and the pirate voice that guides you on and off the boat), Grumpy on the Seven Dwarfs Mine Train attraction and several voices in Mr. Toad's Wild Ride. <mask> performed another Frees imitation for comedian Stan Freberg's album Stan Freberg Presents The United States of America, Volume Two. <mask> performed a Frees imitation as the voice of the announcer in the 1999 film Dudley Do-Right, and did likewise as the voices of the alien foreheads in Larry Blamire's 2008 satire Trail of the Screaming Forehead. Fantasia
In the 60th Anniversary Edition and the 2010 special edition of Disney's Fantasia, <mask> re-recorded all of Deems Taylor's commentaries. <mask> appeared as Shockwave, Sunstreaker, Brawn, and Spike Witwicky in the original Transformers animated series by Sunbow Productions and Marvel Productions.He would later voice Megatron, Ratchet, Ironhide, Brawn, Cyrus "The Colossus" Rhodes, Spike Witwicky and Longarm Prime / Shockwave in Transformers: Animated by Cartoon Network. <mask> stated in an interview that Shockwave was by far his favorite character to perform in the original series. Despite this, he turned down the offer to reprise the role in Transformers: Dark of the Moon, as he felt he had voiced the character enough times. Consequently, the part was given to Frank Welker, the voice of Megatron / Galvatron. Star Wars
For Star Wars, <mask> voiced Count Dooku, Cad Bane and Ziro, the Hutt in Star Wars: The Clone Wars and has continued to voice Cad Bane in Star Wars: The Bad Batch and The Book of Boba Fett. He has also voiced several characters in video games. Kingdom Hearts
For the Kingdom Hearts series, <mask> voiced Ansem the Wise in Chain of Memories, Birth by Sleep and Dream Drop Distance due to Christopher Lee's health problems.For the cinematic version of Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days, he re-dubbed Lee's lines for the Nintendo DS version. He reprised his role as Ansem the Wise for Kingdom Hearts III. Brainiac
<mask> has portrayed the supervillain Brainiac in the DC animated universe. He appeared as the character in Superman: The Animated Series, Justice League, Static Shock and Justice League Unlimited. Although not set within the DCAU, he also reprised his role in Legion of Super Heroes, DC Universe Online and Lego DC Super-Villains. Film and television highlights
 Narrated the 1992 Discovery Channel documentary Great White!. Scarecrow, Ronald Marshall and Yuri Dimitrov in Batman: Gotham Knight.V.V. Argost and Leonidas Van Rook in The Secret Saturdays. The titular character in James Bond Jr.. The Pupununu in Tak and the Power of Juju. Invisibo in Freakazoid!. Old Queeks in Mike, Lu & Og. Captain Marvel in Superman/Batman: Public Enemies.Red Tornado, Silver Cyclone, Doctor Mid-Nite, Will Magnus, Joker (Scooby-Doo version), Mercury and Thomas Wayne in Batman: The Brave and the Bold. Count Dooku, Cad Bane and Ziro the Hutt in Star Wars: The Clone Wars. Tomax in G.I. Joe. Goon, Kanawk and Tauron in Robotix. Law in G.I. Joe: Renegades.Brain, Dudley H. Dudley, Hamilton Hill, James Gordon and Wizard in Young Justice. Dash Whippet for  Pound Puppies. Brainstorm, Malware and Mr. Baumann in Ben 10: Omniverse. Dracula in Avengers Assemble and Ultimate Spider-Man. Ranger Smith in Boo Boo Runs Wild and A Day in the Life of Ranger Smith. Other work
 Played Jerry Lyden in the radio series Alien Worlds. Has done work for the Universal Studios theme parks.Does voice-overs for Old Navy commercials and a promo for Final Fantasy XII. Provided voice-overs for WWE's WrestleMania XXV recap segments. Various characters in the 1980 cult classic Closet Cases of the Nerd Kind. The titular creatures in the Critters film series. Narrator for the video game Brütal Legend. Tromell Guado and Maester Kelk Ronso in the video game Final Fantasy X.
 Volteer the Electric Guardian Dragon, Exhumor and Mason in The Legend of Spyro trilogy. Zeus in the God of War series.Numerous supporting roles on Focus on the Family's radio drama Adventures in Odyssey. In the Crash Bandicoot series, he currently provides the voices of Doctor N. Gin and Nitros Oxide, he formerly voiced Doctor Nefarious Tropy - (JP Karliak replaced <mask> as N. Tropy as of 2020). Jack in the theme park attraction The House at Haunted Hill. Narrator of the film The A-Team. Hugo Strange in Batman: Arkham City and Lego DC Super-Villains. John Grey (Jean Grey's father) for Wolverine and the X-Men. Provided voice samples for the song "Machete" by DJ Hazard and the album Universus by ShockOne.Game Narrator for Disney Coaster. Announcer for the Bounty Law promo in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood. Announcer for the El Rey Network. Played the Narrator and the Guest in Flying Logos. Still heard on the safety info for the parking lot trams for Disneyland and Magic Kingdom (as of 2011). Filmography

Film

Television

Anime

Animation

Video games

Theme parks
 Alice in Wonderland – White Rabbit, Playing Cards
 Cranium Command – General Knowledge, Chicken
 Dudley Do-Right's Ripsaw Falls – Snidley Whiplash, Narrator
 Fantasmic! – Chernabog, Captain Hook (1992 Disneyland version), Pirates, Magic Mirror (2017 Disneyland version)
 Haunted Mansion Holiday – Ghost Host
 Horizons – Futureport "Brava Centauri" Announcer
 Journey Into Your Imagination – Figment
 Mr. Toad's Wild Ride – Judge, Cop, Farmer
 Peter Pan's Flight – Captain Hook, Mr. Smee
 Pirates of the Caribbean – Stuffed Pirate/Safety Spiel
 Radiator Springs Racers – Doc Hudson
 Seven Dwarfs Mine Train – Grumpy
 The Cat in the Hat – Fish
 Wonders of Life – Narrator
 Tapestry of Nations - Sage of Time
 Trams - Spiel (Magic Kingdom/Disneyland Resort)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> @ BehindTheVoiceActors

1955 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male radio actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Jewish descent
Annie Award winners
Audiobook narrators
Male actors from California
People from Granada Hills, Los Angeles
People with Asperger syndrome

masks:
Corey Weinberg
Corey Burton
Burton
Corey Gregg Weinberg
Burton
Corey Weinman
Disney Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Transformers Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Burton
Corey Burton


title: Alex Lithgow

type: original

texts:
<mask> (1 December 1870 in Glasgow – 12 July 1929 in Launceston, Tasmania) was a Scottish-born, New Zealand and Australian based composer and bandleader known as the "Sousa of the Antipodes". His name is pronounced "Alek" by his family. Youth
In 1876, the Lithgows emigrated to Invercargill, New Zealand. Aged 6, <mask> went to Invercargill Grammar School (now Invercargill Middle School). He attended Invercargill's Presbyterian Church, First Church. He liked Ice Hockey, the Circus and Rugby. His family was musical, performing as the six-member Lithgow Concert Company around Southland.1881 At the age of 11 having had lessons on the cornet initially by his father, <mask> joined the local brass band the Invercargill Garrison Band. <mask> also learnt the violin to a very high standard. 1886 At the age of 16 he advanced to be the band's solo and principal cornetist. However, despite often being stated, he never was this Band's conductor. 1887 At the age of 17 his first composition, 'Wairoa', was published. This was named after a ship at the band was playing on at the Invercargill estuary. Early adulthood
<mask> played for the Star Rugby football club in Invercargill.<mask> played with the Theatre Royal orchestra as first violin. He won national solo cornet titles for the next few years. 1893 At the age of 23 he toured New Zealand as a professional soloist. Move to Australia
1894 Aged 24 he left New Zealand and moved to Australia where became conductor of the St Joseph's Total Abstinence Society Band in Launceston Tasmania. He earned his living as a compositor at The Examiner and the Daily Telegraph. 1900 <mask> aged 30 married Elizabeth Hill Telfer at a Presbyterian church at Launceston on 6 June. 1901 He came back briefly to New Zealand to conduct the Woolston Band at Christchurch where at a charity concert the band performed an entire concert of his compositions.1903 He went back to Launceston St Joseph's Band. 1904 At the age 34 he started the Australian Army's 12th Battalion Launceston Regiment Band. 1909 He spent his time conducting and being a spontaneous composer for the silent film orchestra at the Lyceum and Princess Theatres. Later life
1922 He returned to the St Joseph's band for the last time. 1923 He founded and conducted the Launceston Concert Orchestra where he presented many of his compositions plus symphonic jazz. There were more charity all-Lithgow compositions concerts. 1927 at the age of 57 he retired from work and the Band due to ill health.His marches were published throughout the world and the Americans acclaimed him as 'the Sousa of the Antipodes'. Lithgow produced approximately two hundred marches, as well as numerous pieces for band, orchestra, piano and voice. He acquired no copyrights and many of his pieces, in his immaculate notation, were lost or unpublished. Music dominated his existence, but time for composing was scarce when after a long day's work he cycled home to change for an evening performance or a musical gathering. He died on June 12, 1929 at the age of 59 a few months short of his 60th birthday Lithgow died of a Stroke at Launceston. At his funeral massed bands played The 'Invercargill'. He is buried in Carr Villa cemetery.He was survived by his wife, son and two daughters. One of the granddaughters Pat Ward wrote a book on him. In 1953 a memorial plaque was unveiled at Paterson Street Barracks and a Band Rotunda built in City Park, Launceston. Still today in Tasmania they continue with Lithgow-only concerts. Tasmanians regard him as theirs but to Kiwis he is from Invercargill. Lithgow wrote the 'Galvini March' in tribute to his patron B. Galvin, an Australian construction and manufacturing magnate who was a pallbearer at his funeral. A statue was made of him in 2019 and sits in the heart of Invercargill next to the theater.Worksl
Apollo House
Artillery
Australia
Canberra
Lithgow
Middlington
National Guard, The
New South Wales
New Zealand
Queen of the North
Rauparaha
Royal Australian Navy
Ryanda
Sons of Australia
Southlanders, The
Stars and Cross
Sunshine
Australian Girls – A march
Gallipoli – March – See [ANZAC] day, a national holiday
Hathaway – for Brass Band
Honour the Brave – Slow March
The Courier – for Brass Band
The Vikings – for Brass Band
The skipper – for Brass Band
Brigade of the Guards – For Brass Band
Australian Wedding March
Australia March (tape stored at National Film and Sound Archive, Australia)
The Aboriginal Concert March
New South Wales March
Southstralia
Westralia March
Westbury March
Gippsland
Wallabies March (National Film & Sound Archive, Australia)
The boomerang
Sons of Australia
Sons of New Zealand
Kia Ora March
Rauparaha March
New Zealand March
City of Ballarat (National Film & Sound Archive, Australia)
Fighting Mac. Ryanda. Stars and cross. Tasma. Sons of Australia. Victoria March. Middlington.Canberra. Artillery. Evandale
Cuckoos. 1887 Wairoa, for brass band
1894 The Cataract, for brass band – named for Cataract Gorge, Launceston
1900 Australis, for cornet
1901 Invercargill March, for brass band, also arranged for piano
1901 Le Cirque – Fantasia
1911 Gippsland, for brass band
1916 March of the [ANZAC] (Australian & New Zealand Armed Corps)
1917 Land of Moa, for brass band
1917 Sons of Australia march
1917 The Wallabies – named after a recruitment march by volunteers through queensland and new south wales, re-formed as a military unit. Also arranged for pianolla roll (?Author)
1917 Vera – a waltz
1918 Pozieres – A major battle of the great war
1920 Sons of New Zealand
1922 Scotch Collegians
1925 Queen of the South – March
1926 Australia to-day – depicting the triumphal march of industry
1926 Evandale, for brass band
1928 Haeremai, for brass band
1928 Home Vale, for brass band
1928 Osborne, for brass band
1929 Hathaway, for brass band
1929 Toowoomba, for brass band
Galvini March – arranged for piano. Dedicated to Mr & Mrs B.J.Galvin, who was later pallbearer at his funeral. A comprehensive list of works in German language

Bibliography
Australian Dictionary of Biography
Lloyd Esler Historian Southland Times
International Military Music Society NZ Branch
Gavin Marriott researcher who gave the tribute to Lithgow at the centenary to The 'Invercargill' March.Rodney Sutton current Patron of Invercargill Garrison Band & Lithgow historian
St Joe's Big Band Launceston
Ward, Pat, <mask> Lithgow 1870–1929: March Music King (Armadale, W.A. : P. Ward, (c) 1990). wind repertory Project

1870 births
1929 deaths
Australian male composers
Australian composers
New Zealand composers
Male composers
Australian military musicians

masks:
Alexander Frame Lithgow
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex F


title: Roger Glover

texts:
<mask> (born 30 November 1945) is a British bassist, songwriter, and record producer. He is best known as the bassist for hard rock bands Deep Purple and Rainbow. As a member of Deep Purple, <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2016. Early career
Born near Brecon, Wales, <mask> moved with his family to the South Kensington area of London at the age of nine. Around that time his interests started to shift towards rock music, and by the time he was thirteen <mask> began playing guitar. He later moved to the North London district of Pinner, and while at Harrow County School for Boys he formed his first band, Madisons, with a group of friends; in time this merged with a rival band to become Episode Six, a band which later featured <mask>'s future Deep Purple bandmate, vocalist Ian Gillan. The two left Episode Six in 1969 to join Deep Purple.Deep Purple and solo
<mask> spent four years (1969–1973) with Deep Purple, during which the band saw their most successful releases in the albums in Rock, Fireball, Machine Head, Who Do We Think We Are and the live album Made in Japan. He is credited with developing the title for the band's iconic "Smoke on the Water" song, thus inspiring the song's lyrics which were written by Ian Gillan. <mask> says the title came to him when he awoke from a dream two days after the famous fire over Lake Geneva. While he liked the title, he was reluctant to have the band use it because he initially thought it sounded like a drug song. <mask>  also developed the guitar riff to "Maybe I'm a Leo", stating, "I wrote the riff to 'Maybe I'm a Leo' after hearing John Lennon's 'How Do You Sleep?'." <mask> contributed bass on Jon Lord's first solo album, 'Gemini Suite' (1971), and was the featured soloist in the bass movement. <mask> departed Deep Purple, along with Gillan, after the band's second tour of Japan in the summer of 1973.Throughout the 1970s <mask> Priest, Nazareth, Elf, Status Quo, the Ian Gillan Band and David Coverdale. In 1974 <mask> released his first solo album, The Butterfly Ball and the Grasshopper's Feast, which generated the single "Love Is All", featuring lead vocals by Ronnie James Dio. The single did little in the U.K., but became an unexpected number one-hit song in the Netherlands and Belgium. The song came with an animated music video starring a guitar-playing frog. In 1978 <mask>'s second album followed: Elements. From 1979 to 1984 he was the bassist, lyricist and producer for Ritchie Blackmore’s band, Rainbow, working on four of the group's studio albums. In 1983 he recorded his third solo album, Mask, released the next year.When Deep Purple reformed in April 1984, <mask> returned to his old band where he has remained for the last three decades. In 1988 <mask>, along with fellow Deep Purple member Ian Gillan, recorded the side-project album Accidentally on Purpose. Almost two decades later <mask> played with Gillan during Gillan's brief solo tour in 2006. In 2002 <mask> released his fourth post-DP album, entitled Snapshot, under the name <mask> and the Guilty Party. The album featured performances from Randall Bramblett (who shared co-writing credits on several tracks) as well as <mask>'s daughter, Gillian. In 2011 he released his second Guilty Party album, If Life Was Easy, which featured guest appearances by Nazareth's Dan McCafferty and Pete Agnew as well as Walther Gallay and Daniel "Sahaj" Ticotin. Notable collaborations and performances

In 2001 <mask> was among a host of bass players who contributed to Gov't Mule's double album The Deep End, recorded as a tribute to the late Allen Woody, Mule's original bassist.<mask> played on Deep Purple's "Maybe I'm a Leo", which was one of Woody's favourite songs. On 3 May 2003, in New Orleans, <mask> also took part in a special concert performed by Gov't Mule featuring appearances from all bass players who had contributed to The Deep End album. On 7 October 2007 <mask> joined his former bandmate Jon Lord to perform Concerto for Group and Orchestra at the Royal & Derngate in Northampton. The concert also featured the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Paul Mann. In 2008 <mask> played bass on a charity single called "Lucy's Song", written and produced by David Domminney of Rogue Studios in London and available at iTunes. Income from the sale went to The Linda McCartney Cancer Centre (specifically to promote their Field of Women event which took place at Liverpool Cricket Club on 6 July 2008). On 21 March 2012 Ian Paice was playing a gig with the Deep Purple tribute band Purpendicular in Pratteln, Switzerland.The band received a surprise reinforcement as <mask> "happened to be in the neighbourhood" and joined them on stage. Personal life

<mask> has been married twice and has three daughters. The eldest, musician <mask> (born 1976), is from his first marriage. He currently lives in Switzerland with his partner and their two daughters. In 2004 ITV Wales aired a TV special about <mask>, entitled <mask> – Made in Wales (produced by Craig Hooper) which featured interviews from fellow musicians Ian Gillan and Ian Paice, as well as <mask>'s mother, Brenda, and his then-wife. Gear
<mask> played Fender Precision, Fender Mustang and Rickenbacker 4001 basses during his early years with Deep Purple. In late 1970s, he used a Gibson Thunderbird.In the mid-1980s <mask> used Peavey Foundation with neck from Peavey Fury Bass. Since the mid-1990s, he has used Vigier Bass Guitars, SWR heads and cabinets, and Picato and Ernie Ball strings. Painting and photography
On 22 October 2010 <mask>'s artwork exhibition called Happy Silence opened at the K-8 e.V. Galerie in Cologne. Previously <mask> has let many of his pictures be auctioned in other galleries for charitable purposes, but this was the first large-scale presentation of his work. (1978)
Rainbow – Down to Earth (1979)
Young & Moody – Devil Went Down To Georgia/You Can't Catch Me (single) (1979)
Young & Moody – All The Good Friends/Playing Your Game (single) (1980)
Michael Schenker Group – The Michael Schenker Group (1980)
Rainbow – Difficult to Cure (1981)
Rainbow – Straight Between the Eyes (1982)
Rainbow – Bent Out of Shape (1983)
Deep Purple – Perfect Strangers (1984, with Deep Purple)
Rainbow – Finyl Vinyl (1986)
Deep Purple – The House of Blue Light (1987, with Deep Purple)
Pretty Maids – Jump the Gun (1990)
Deep Purple – Slaves and Masters (1990)
Deep Purple – The Battle Rages On... (1993, with Thom Panunzio)
Deep Purple – Purpendicular (1996)
Deep Purple – Abandon (1998)
Dream Theater – Made in Japan (2006)
<mask> – Red Handed (2007, additional production)
Café Bertrand – L'Art délicat du Rock & Roll (2008, mixing)
Young & Moody – Back for the Last Time Again (2011, archive recordings)

Film and TV appearances
1976 The Butterfly Ball (feature film)
1991 Deep Purple – Heavy Metal Pioneers (Warner, interviewee)
1995 Rock Family Trees, ep. Deep Purple (TV, interviewee)
1996 In a Metal Mood
2000 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock (TV, interviewee)
2002 Gov't Mule – Rising Low (feature)
2002 Classic Albums, ep.Deep Purple – Machine Head (Granada, interviewee)
2004 <mask> – Made in Wales (ITV, interviewee)
2006 Memo – Ivan Pedersen's 40 års karriere (feature, interviewee)
2007 Ian Gillan – Highway Star: A Journey in Rock (feature, interviewee)
2011 Metal Evolution, ep. Early Metal, Part 2: UK Division (VH1, interviewee)
2013 Behind The Music Remastered, ep. Deep Purple (VH1, interviewee)

References

External links

<mask>–the official website
The Sam Buxton Sunflower Jam Healing Trust
Bass <mask> signature Excess Custom
Bass <mask> signature Excess Original

1945 births
Deep Purple members
Welsh rock bass guitarists
British heavy metal bass guitarists
Alumni of Middlesex University
Welsh record producers
Living people
People educated at Harrow High School
Rainbow (rock band) members
People from Brecon
British expatriates in France
British expatriates in Switzerland
Welsh expatriates in the United States
Welsh songwriters
Episode Six members
Blues rock musicians

masks:
Roger David Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Gloverdas
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Roger Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Glover
Roger Glover
Glover
Gillian Glover
Glover
Roger Glover
Glover
Roger Glover
Roger
Roger Glover
Glover
Gillian Glover
Roger Glover
Roger Glover
Roger Glover
Roger Glover


title: Margaret Lee (English actress)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 4 August 1943) is a British actress who was a popular leading lady in Italian films in the 1960s and 1970s. She is the mother of production manager/producer Roberto Malerba (from her marriage to Gino Malerba) and production coordinator Damian Anderson. Early career
<mask> was born in Wolverhampton, England and educated at the Italia Conti Theatre School in London; graduating in 1960. She moved to Rome shortly afterwards to pursue a career in films. Her film debut came in the sword and sandal adventure Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules (1962), where she played the female lead alongside Reg Lewis, but it was a string of popular comedies that initially made <mask> a star in Italy. With a blonde, fluffy look modelled after Marilyn Monroe, <mask> spent the first half of the 1960s appearing in numerous Italian comedies and parodies – several of which starred the popular comedic duo Franco Franchi and Ciccio Ingrassia. Few of these films received much, if any, distribution in English-speaking territories but they were highly successful in Italy, and made <mask> a well-known film actress.Eurospy films
Around the mid 1960s, <mask> moved away from comedies and started appearing in a long line of Eurospy films, where she was frequently cast as sexy femme fatales. Her appearance also changed as she dropped the blonde Marilyn Monroe-inspired look and became a brunette instead. Some of the most famous Eurospy films <mask> starred in were Our Agent Tiger (1965) by Claude Chabrol, Agent 077: From the Orient with Fury (1965) by Sergio Grieco and Kiss the Girls and Make Them Die (1966) by Henry Levin. International career
<mask>'s beauty and talent also caught the eye of international film producer Harry Alan Towers, who gave <mask> wider international recognition by casting her in prominent roles in several of his all-star cast productions; starting with the British thriller Circus of Fear (1966), directed by John Llewellyn Moxey. Towers also cast <mask> in the spy-comedy Our Man in Marrakesh (1966), directed by Don Sharp; the action film Five Golden Dragons (1967), directed by Jeremy Summers; the thrillers Venus in Furs (1969) and The Bloody Judge (1970), both directed by Jesús Franco; and finally in Dorian Gray (1970), directed by Massimo Dallamano. <mask>'s co-star in Circus of Fear, Five Golden Dragons, Coplan Saves His Skin and Venus in Furs was the renowned German actor Klaus Kinski (who was also a regular in Harry Alan Towers productions). The pairing of <mask> and Kinski would prove to be very popular among cinema-goers – especially in Italy – so they would continue to act together until the early 1970s; appearing in a total of 12 films together.Outside of her work for Towers, <mask> didn't appear in any further international films but in 1972 she guest starred in the British TV series The Protectors, in the episode "The Numbers Game". Television

<mask> was also popular on Italian television in the 1960s; appearing as a showgirl alongside the famous singer Johnny Dorelli. <mask> also starred with Dorelli in his film debut Arriva Dorellik, also known as How to Kill 400 Duponts (1967). <mask> also starred as Cinderella in the Italian TV special Il Cenerentola in 1969. Later career
By the early 1970s, <mask>'s movie career had descended further and further into exploitation; culminating in Fernando Di Leo's extremely sleazy and violent thriller Slaughter Hotel (1971). She would eventually disappear from the Italian movie scene in 1974, and return to England. <mask> returned to Italy in 1981, however, and made a minor movie comeback in Dino Risi's comedy Sesso e volentieri (1982), which reunited her with her old co-star Johnny Dorelli.But <mask>'s comeback was to be a short one as she only appeared in one further film, the very obscure crime-comedy Neapolitan Sting (1983), before retiring from movies altogether. Filmography

 Maciste contro i mostri ( Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules, 1962)
 I tre nemici (1962)
 Due samurai per cento geishe (1962)
 Totò di notte n. 1 (1962)
 Cleopatra (1963) – uncredited bit part role
 Avventura al motel (1963)
 La ballata dei mariti (1963)
 Gli imbroglioni ( The Swindlers, 1963) dir. by Lucio Fulci
 Sansone contro i pirati ( Samson Against the Pirates, 1963)
 Siamo tutti pomicioni (1963)
 I quattro tassisti (1963)
 Vino whisky e acqua salata ( Wine, Whiskey and Salt Water, 1963)
 Via Veneto (1963)
 Adolescenti al sole (1964)
 Due mattacchioni al Moulin Rouge (1964)
 I due pericoli pubblici ( Two Public Enemies, 1964)
 In ginocchio da te (1964)
 I maniaci ( The Maniacs, 1964) dir. or Mafia Mob, 1969)
 5 per l'inferno ( Five for Hell, 1969)
 A doppia faccia ( Double Face, 1969) starring Klaus Kinski
 Il Cenerentola (1969) – TV special
 House of Pleasure (1969)
 Sai cosa faceva Stalin alle donne? ( What Did Stalin Do to Women?, 1969)
 Un sudario a la medida ( A Candidate for a Killing, 1969)
 Venus in Furs (1969)
 Appuntamento col disonore ( Rendezvous with Dishonour, 1970)
 Dorian Gray (1970)
 The Bloody Judge (1970)
 Bano de sangre ( Blood Bath) – unreleased
 Le belve (1971)
 La bestia uccide a sangue freddo ( Slaughter Hotel, 1971)
 Nokaut ( The Rogue, 1971)
 Papesatan, papesatan aleppe (1973)
 Gli assassini sono nostri ospiti ( The Killers Are Our Guests, 1974)
 La sensualità è un attimo di vita (1974)
 Sesso e volentieri (1982)
 Stangata napoletana ( Neapolitan Sting, 1983)

References

External links

1943 births
Living people
Actors from Wolverhampton
English film actresses
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts

masks:
Margaret Lee
Margaret Gwendolyn Box
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Margaret Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee


title: Michelle Smith

texts:
<mask> (born 16 December 1969 in Rathcoole) is an Irish lawyer and retired Olympic swimmer. She won three gold medals at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, for the 400 m individual medley, 400 m freestyle and 200 m individual medley, and also won the bronze medal for the 200 m butterfly event. <mask>'s wins in Atlanta were marked by allegations of doping, which were never proven. <mask> became a barrister after her swimming career ended, practising under her married name of <mask>. Swimming career

<mask>'s father taught his daughters how to swim, and <mask> was first spotted by a lifeguard in Tallaght swimming pool at age nine. He suggested that <mask>'s father enroll his daughter in a swimming club. <mask> joined Terenure Swimming Club and trained under the tutelage of Larry Williamson.<mask> won the Dublin and All-Ireland Community Games at aged 9. She won ten gold medals at a novice competition. She enrolled in the King's Hospital Swimming Club in 1980. At aged 14, <mask> won ten medals at the Irish National Swimming Championships. At 14, she became National Junior and Senior Champion and dominated Irish women's swimming until her retirement in 1998. <mask> first appeared on the world scene as an 18-year-old at the Seoul Olympics and narrowly missed the B-final in the 200 m backstroke (top 16). <mask>'s second major championship was at the 1991 World Championships in Perth, Australia, where she finished 13th in the 400 m individual medley.She competed at the 1991 European Championships and qualified for the 1992 Olympic Games. She competed in the 200 m medley and backstroke and 400 m medley in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, despite suffering an injury in the months leading up to the Games. She finished fifth in the 200 m butterfly at the 1994 World Championships. In that same year, she suffered from glandular fever, which affected her training prior to the World Championships. In 1995, <mask> set Irish records in 50 m, 100 m, 400 m and 800 m freestyle, 100 m backstroke, 100 m and 200 m butterfly, and 200 m and 400 m medley events. She was ranked number 1 in 200 m butterfly, sixth in 100 m butterfly and seventh in 200 m medley; she made sporting history by becoming the first Irishwoman to win a European title in 200 m butterfly and the individual 400 m medley in the same year. 1996 Olympics
<mask> won three gold medals and a bronze medal in Atlanta.There was controversy at the Games due to <mask> qualifying for the 400m freestyle event at the expense of the then-world record holder Janet Evans, who had finished ninth in the preliminary swims with only the top eight advancing. <mask> did not submit her qualifying time for the 400m freestyle event before the 5 July deadline but did so two days later with the Irish Olympic officials insisting they had been given permission to submit the qualifying time after the deadline. <mask> applied for the event after she had arrived in Atlanta. After <mask> qualified at the expense of Evans, the US Swimming Federation, supported by the German and Netherlands swimming teams, challenged a decision to allow <mask> to compete but were unsuccessful. At a later conference, Evans highlighted that accusations of <mask> doping had been heard by her poolside. <mask> later received an apology from Evans. Sample tampering ban
Two years after the 1996 Summer Olympics, FINA banned <mask> for four years for tampering with her urine sample using alcohol.She appealed the decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). Her case was heard by a panel of three sport lawyers, including Michael Beloff QC. Unusually for a CAS hearing, <mask>'s case was heard in public, at her own lawyer's request. FINA submitted evidence from Jordi Segura, head of the IOC-accredited laboratory in Barcelona, that said she took androstenedione, a metabolic precursor of testosterone, in the previous 10-to-12 hours before being tested. <mask> denied this and androstenedione was not a banned substance. It should be noted The International Olympic Committee banned androstenedione and placed it under the category of androgenic-anabolic steroids in 1997.The CAS upheld the ban. She was 28 at the time, and the ban effectively ended her competitive swimming career.<mask> was not stripped of her Olympic medals, as she had never tested positive for any banned substances. Her coach and husband, Erik De Bruin, previously served a four-year ban for using illegal drugs during his career as a discus thrower. Legal career
During <mask>'s experience at CAS, she developed an interest in the law. After officially announcing her retirement from swimming in 1999, she returned to university, graduating from University College Dublin with a degree in law. In July 2005 she was conferred with the degree of Barrister at Law of King's Inns, Dublin. While a student at the King's Inns she won the internal Brian Walsh Moot Court competition. Her book, Transnational Litigation: Jurisdiction and Procedure was published in 2008 by Thomson Round Hall.<mask> is an expert in private international law, the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, EU law and the law applicable to disputes following Brexit. In 2007, <mask> appeared on Celebrities Go Wild, an RTÉ reality television show in which eight celebrities had to fend for themselves in the wilds of rural Connemara. <mask> has always denied using illegal performance-enhancing drugs. In 1996, she released her autobiography, Gold, co-written with Cathal Dervan. Personal life
In 1993 <mask> began training with Dutch discus thrower Erik de Bruin, whom she had met in Barcelona. They married in 1996. <mask> lives in Kells, County Kilkenny with de Bruin and their two children.<mask> remains Ireland's most successful Olympian, male or female. She holds Irish records for the 200m and 400m freestyle, 200m butterfly and 400m individual medley (long course). She also holds the Irish record in the 400m individual medley (short course). Katie Taylor's gold medal in boxing in 2012 was Ireland's first gold since <mask>'s three in 1996. See also
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
List of sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences

References

External links
Irish Law Library profile
Transnational Litigation: Jurisdiction and Procedure (<mask>in's book)

1969 births
Living people
Female butterfly swimmers
Irish female freestyle swimmers
Female medley swimmers
Doping cases in swimming
Irish sportspeople in doping cases
Olympic bronze medalists for Ireland
Olympic gold medalists for Ireland
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
Olympic swimmers of Ireland
Participants in Irish reality television series
Sportspeople from County Dublin
Swimmers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Irish female swimmers
Olympic gold medalists in swimming
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year winners
Irish barristers
Alumni of King's Inns
People from Rathcoole, County Dublin

masks:
Michelle Smith de Bruin
Smith
Smith
Michelle de Bruin
Michelle Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
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Smith
Smith
Smith
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Smith
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Legacy Smith
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Smith deBru


title: Colin Slade

texts:
<mask> (born 10 October 1987) is a New Zealand rugby union footballer who plays for Pau, and previously represented the Crusaders in the Super Rugby competition and Canterbury in the ITM Cup, playing primarily at first five-eighth, as well as all other backline positions on occasions. He was first selected for the All Blacks in 2009. He was a key member of the 2011 Rugby World Cup winning team. He was also included in the 2015 Rugby World Cup, but played in only one match against Namibia. He thus became one of only 20 players who have won the Rugby World Cup on multiple occasions. Playing career

School boy rugby
While at Christchurch Boys' High School, <mask> played two years for the 1st XV, winning two National titles in both years playing alongside fellow All Blacks Matt Todd and Owen Franks as well as former Crusaders players Nasi Manu and Tim Bateman. Provincial Rugby

<mask> made his debut for Canterbury playing first five in the 2008 Air New Zealand Cup, and scored 86 points for his side as Canterbury won the competition.His performances improved substantially as the season progressed and with Dan Carter unavailable and Stephen Brett injured, <mask> became the first choice 10 for the Canterbury side. In the 2009 Air New Zealand Cup, <mask> shifted to fullback as Stephen Brett was again healthy and reclaimed the number 10 jersey. Despite the shift in position, <mask> didn't miss a beat as he started 14 games as one of the leading fullbacks in the competition, scoring 4 tries over the course of the season (including two outstanding tries in the final) as Canterbury again emerged champions. For the 2010 ITM Cup, <mask> reclaimed the starting first five position for Canterbury – along with first-choice goal-kicking duties – and emerged as one of the most dominant players in the competition. Despite missing games while with the All Blacks, <mask> scored 152 points in just 11 starts to finish 2nd in the competition to Lachie Munro. He also led Canterbury to their third consecutive title, sealing victory in the final against Waikato with a fine individual try. Super Rugby

Slade's performance in the 2008 Air New Zealand Cup caught the eye of Crusaders coach Todd Blackadder who included <mask> into the squad for the 2009 season.Playing mainly out of position on the wing, he emerged as a regular member of the squad, making 11 starts as well as a substitute appearance in the semi-final against the Bulls. For the 2010 Super 14 season, <mask> was shifted to fullback, as he had been in the previous Air New Zealand Cup. His season was highlighted by a 21-point performance against the Lions on 20 March and his first Super Rugby try against the Stormers on 20 April. In an effort to get more playing time at his favoured position of first five-eighth, <mask> transferred to the Highlanders for the 2011 Super Rugby season. However, his season would be blighted by injury, beginning with a broken jaw suffered in a preseason game that ruled him out of the first 5 matches of the competition. After three solid performances in Highlander victories, he suffered a second broken jaw in his third game back, ruling him out for the rest of the season. <mask>'s terrible luck with injuries continued into 2012 as his season was again cut short after suffering a broken leg in March against the Brumbies in Canberra.After the unsuccessful Highlanders 2013 season, <mask> decided to return to the Crusaders for 2014. With Carter away for much of the season, <mask> took claim of the no.10 jersey for the season and showed great form throughout the competition. His goal kicking was particularly strong kicking at 82% and totalling 198 points for the season. Despite Carter's return, <mask>'s form was such that he managed to retain the number 10 jersey with Carter playing in the no.12 jersey. The Crusaders would later, however, lose the final to the Waratahs in Sydney. The 2015 super rugby season was another strong season for <mask> managing again to establish himself as the number 10 for the Crusaders. However, the Crusaders' season would not go to plan, failing to make the playoffs.International Rugby

A former member of New Zealand U-19 and U-21 sides, <mask> was selected for the Junior All Blacks side for the 2009 IRB Pacific Nations Cup scoring 30 points including a try against Japan. On the back of that solid performance, he was selected into the All Blacks training squad for the third leg of the Tri Nations Series although he didn't see any game action. In 2010, <mask> was called up again as a replacement for injured fly-half Dan Carter for the All Blacks final match in the 2010 Tri-Nations against the Wallabies on 11 September. He made his All Black debut off the bench in the 60th minute coming on as a replacement for Aaron Cruden. <mask> then made a mark in New Zealand's friendly against Fiji in July 2011. He scored a try, two penalties and four conversions for the All Blacks. He then played in New Zealand's opening Tri-Nations game against South Africa and scored New Zealand's sixth try of the match, resulting in victory by 40–7.He came on as a substitute in New Zealand's next match against Australia. He got his first Tri-Nations start against South Africa in the All Blacks penultimate game. He was selected for the 2011 Rugby World Cup and came on as a substitute in the opening match where he scored a conversion after Ma'a Nonu's try. After Dan Carter injured his groin and was forced out of the 2011 Rugby World Cup it was announced that <mask> would become the All Blacks starting fly-half for the remainder of the World Cup. After having a 'horror' Tri-Nations game against the Springboks and an 'ordinary' first World Cup game, the public of New Zealand initially doubted the ability of <mask> to perform in Carters absence. However, Coach Graham Henry voiced his trust in <mask>, urging the New Zealand supporters to give him their full support. <mask> then aggravated a groin tear injury during the Argentina game and was ruled out of the rest of the Cup.During the 2014 game against the Springboks at Ellis Park <mask> played in the unfamiliar position of halfback due to injury to the replacement halfback Tawera Kerr-Barlow. He also kicked a last minute conversion in the All Blacks final Bledisloe Cup match against Australia in Brisbane. <mask> was also called into the End of Year Tour and started a test match on the right wing and also made a strong appearance from bench in the All Blacks final game against Wales in Cardiff. In 2015 <mask> was named in the 2015 World Cup All Black squad only playing against Namibia on the road to winning the title. Club Rugby

On 14 April 2015, it was announced <mask> had signed a two-year deal with French Pro D2 side Pau as the team was promoted to Top 14. Pld = Games Played, W = Games Won, D = Games Drawn, L = Games Lost, Tri = Tries Scored, Con = Conversions, Pen = Penalties, DG = Drop Goals, Pts = Points Scored

References

External links
 Canterbury player profile
 Crusaders player profile
 All Blacks player profile

1987 births
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Canterbury rugby union players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union wings
Rugby union fullbacks
New Zealand international rugby union players
Rugby union players from Christchurch
People educated at Christchurch Boys' High School
Barbarian F.C. players
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Section Paloise players
Mitsubishi Sagamihara DynaBoars players

masks:
Colin Richard Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
Slade
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Slade


title: Chris Bell (American musician)

texts:
<mask> (January 12, 1951December 27, 1978) was an American musician, guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Along with Alex Chilton, he led the power pop band Big Star through its first album #1 Record (1972). He also pursued a solo career throughout the mid-1970s, resulting in the posthumous I Am the Cosmos LP. AllMusic Guide praised <mask> as "one of the unsung heroes of American pop music" and noted his lasting impression, saying: "Despite a life marked by tragedy and a career crippled by commercial indifference, the singer/songwriter's slim body of recorded work proved massively influential on the generations of indie rockers who emerged in his wake." <mask>'s catalog of proto-alternative rock has inspired the likes of Beck, R.E.M., Teenage Fanclub, Pixies, Primal Scream, Afghan Whigs, Pete Yorn, Wilco, The Posies, and The Replacements, all of whom have covered his music or expressed their admiration for Big Star in the press. His life was documented in the acclaimed documentary Big Star: Nothing Can Hurt Me, released in 2013 by Magnolia Pictures. <mask>'s life, and the career of Big Star, was documented in the 2018 book There Was a Light: The Cosmic History of <mask> and the Rise of Big Star.The 400-page oral-history style bio contains rare interviews with <mask>, his bandmates, friends, family and notable fans. Early career
Before his more famous work in the 1970s with Alex Chilton, <mask> played in a number of Memphis garage bands beginning in the 1960s. He had started playing music at age 12, influenced heavily by The Beatles and other British Invasion groups like The Yardbirds and The Who. One of <mask>'s early groups included Memphis natives Richard Rosebrough and Terry Manning, with whom he continued to work for the rest of his music career. In 1964 and 1965, <mask> played lead guitar in a British Invasion-influenced group called the Jynx (the name being a pun on The Kinks) with local musicians, including lead vocalist Mike Harris, rhythm guitarist David Hoback, drummer DeWitt Shy, and bassist Bill Cunningham, and later, bassist Leo Goff. Other lead vocalists at some of the group's shows and rehearsals (though not present on their recordings) included local teens Ames Yates, Vance Alexander, and Alex Chilton. Chilton, who attended many Jynx shows and sang lead vocals at a couple of gigs, soon joined the Box Tops with Cunningham, as the Jynx split up in 1966.<mask> continued to perform and record in Memphis throughout the rest of the decade, including a stint in the heavier psych-rock band Christmas Future with Terry Manning and Steve Rhea. By the late 1960s, after attending UT in Knoxville, he had turned his focus toward writing original songs, and Manning brought <mask> into the studio for his first professional recordings as a session guitarist. Big Star
The group later known as Big Star stemmed from two <mask> band projects that began in the late 1960s while he recorded and performed live in groups named Icewater and Rock City. These groups featured a revolving set of musicians including Jody Stephens, Terry Manning, Tom Eubanks, Andy Hummel, Richard Rosebrough, Vance Alexander, and Steve Rhea. Recordings by these groups appear on the various artists collection Rockin' Memphis 1960's–1970's Vol. 1, Rock City (2003), and Looking Forward: The Roots of Big Star (2017). <mask> asked Chilton to join several months after the group had started performing.Eventually, during a period of recording demos and tracks for their first album, the group settled on the name 'Big Star'. The lineup for Big Star's first album was composed of <mask> (guitars/vocals), Chilton (guitars, vocals), Hummel (bass, vocals), and Stephens (drums, vocals). <mask> and Chilton wrote most of the group's songs, with occasional writing contributions from Hummel and Stephens. Manning played the keyboards and several session horn players were employed. <mask> was even more influenced by the music of the British Invasion than Chilton, and he steadfastly retained his Beatles-oriented pop influences throughout his career. Along with Ardent Studios founder John Fry and engineer Terry Manning, <mask> is credited with much of the mixing and engineering work done on the first Big Star album #1 Record. After this album failed to achieve commercial success (partially due to confusion by its soul-oriented distributor Stax in marketing the album), <mask> left the band in 1972.He struggled with depression for the rest of his life. He also had problems  with alcohol and other drugs while also becoming immersed in Christianity. According to his brother David, <mask> may have left Big Star due to a belief that he was overshadowed by the more famous Chilton. Solo work
<mask> concentrated on solo work after leaving Big Star, recording demos at Ardent Studios and Shoe Recording in Memphis with old friends including Rosebrough, Manning, Cunningham, Ken Woodley, and occasionally Chilton and Jim Dickinson. One of <mask>'s better known solo songs from this period is "You and Your Sister", featuring <mask>'s guitar work and vocals, Chilton's backing vocal, and Cunningham's string arrangements and bass work. From 1975 to 1976, <mask> co-produced recording sessions for the power pop group Prix, and contributed guitar and backing vocals. <mask> also played in groups with local songwriter Keith Sykes, as well as the Baker Street Regulars with Van Duren and Jody Stephens in 1976.During the late 1970s, a few of <mask>'s pop song lyrics began to reflect the influence of his interest in Christian spirituality. Although he released "I Am the Cosmos" backed with "You and Your Sister" as a single in 1978 on <mask>'s Car Records label, none of his solo material was released on a full-length album during his lifetime. At this time, <mask> worked at his father's restaurant and continued to grapple with clinical depression. Almost 14 years after his death, the songs from his Car Records single and several of his other 1970s recordings were released on 1992's I Am the Cosmos full-length CD on Rykodisc. As with his work with Big Star, the album received highly favorable critical reviews. Giving the album an "A-", <mask> wrote that it was "clear from <mask>'s very posthumous solo album . . . that Big Star was his idea."In 2009, I Am the Cosmos was re-released in as a deluxe two-CD version by Rhino Handmade with lengthy liner notes, alternate versions, and additional tracks. <mask> died on December 27, 1978, when he lost control of his Triumph TR7 sports car, sometime after 1:00a.m. He was on his way home from a band rehearsal. The car struck a wooden light pole on the side of the road. The pole fell and killed him instantly. He was 27. His funeral was held the next day, December 28, the birthday of former bandmate Alex Chilton.Influence
<mask>'s music and that of Big Star became popular with alternative rock musicians in the 1980s through word of mouth. Eventually, well-known artists including R.E.M., Ian Moore, Teenage Fanclub, and The Replacements began touting the recordings of Big Star as significant works. This Mortal Coil, which had earlier recorded versions of post-<mask> Big Star songs, recorded versions of "I Am the Cosmos" and "You and Your Sister" on their 1991 album Blood. In 1992, The Posies released a 7" single featuring "Feel"/"I Am the Cosmos" on Pop Llama. Big Star's pop song "In the Street", which had featured the tight harmonies of <mask> and Chilton, was chosen as a representative song of the 1970s decade by the producers of the television show That '70s Show in 1998; though the Big Star recording of the song was never featured, two different covers of the song were used over the series' run as the theme song to the opening credits. The second, recorded by Cheap Trick in 1999, with revised lyrics, was also included on That '70s Show Presents That '70s Album: Rockin'. Later, <mask>'s song "Speed of Sound" appeared on the Flaming Lips album Late Night Tales: The Flaming Lips.<mask>'s version of "Speed of Sound" is heard over the opening credits to the film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist. Beck covers "I Am the Cosmos" in concert. Discography
The Jynx EPs
 Greatest Hits! – (Norton Records, 10-inch vinyl EP, 2000) TED-1003

Icewater and Rock City LPs
Rock City – (Lucky Seven Records CD, 2003) CD 9209
Looking Forward: The Roots of Big Star – (Omnivore Recordings, 2017)

Big Star LPs ft. <mask>
#1 Record – (Ardent Records LP, 1972) ADS-2803

Big Star singles ft. <mask>
"Don't Lie to Me" / "Watch the Sunrise" (Ardent, 1972) ADA-2904
"Thirteen" / "Watch The Sunrise" (Ardent, 1972) (Promo, mislabeled: reads "Don't Lie to Me" but plays "Thirteen".) : Come Out and Play - American Power Pop (1975-78) - "I Am the Cosmos" – (Rhino Records CD, 1993)
Oxford American: 2003 Southern Music CD No. 6 – "You and Your Sister" – (Oxford American promo CD, 2003)
Rockin' Memphis: 1960s–1970s, Volume 1 – (Lucky Seven Records CD, 2003)
Garage Beat '66, Vol. 2: Chicks Are for Kids!– (Sundazed Music CD, 2004)
Thank You Friends: The Ardent Records Story – (Big Beat CD, April 2008)
Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist: Music from the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack – (Atlantic, 2008)

 Appears on
Freaks of Nature (film) - "My Life is Right" (Big Star) featured in film – (Columbia Pictures, 2015)

<mask> guest spots as guitarist
Terry Manning Home Sweet Home (Enterprise, 1970)
Tommy Hoehn Blow Yourself Up / Love You All Day single (Power Play, 1977)

Filmography
Big Star: Nothing Can Hurt Me (2013, Magnolia Pictures)

Bibliography
There Was a Light: The Cosmic History of <mask> and the Rise of Big Star (Winter 2017, HoZac Books)
Big Star: The Story of Rock's Forgotten Band (2005/2013 updated, Chicago Review Press/Harper Collins UK)

See also

27 Club

References

Notes

Sources
 Ankeny, Jason. [ "Big Star Biography".] AllMusic.com Accessed April 28, 2005. <mask>, David (1992). "Liner notes". <mask>: I am the Cosmos. Salem, Massachusetts: Rykodisc Records.Boldman, Gina. [ That '70s Show Presents That '70s Album: Rockin' review".] AllMusic.com. Accessed June 20, 2005. "Box Tops Biographies". Box Tops official website. Accessed June 19, 2005.Clark, Rick (1992). "Liner notes". Big Star: #1 Record/Radio City double CD. Memphis: Ardent Records. Cost, Bud (2000). "Liner notes". The Letter/Neon Rainbow CD.Coxsackie, New York: Sundazed Music. Gordon, Robert (1995). It Came from Memphis. New York: Pocket Books. . Gross, Jason (July 2001). "Big Star — Andy Hummel". Perfect Sound Forever.Accessed June 19, 2005. "The Jokers". Box Tops official website. Accessed June 19, 2005. Jovanovic, Rob (2004). Big Star: The Story of Rock's Forgotten Band. London: Fourth Estate. .
 "The Jynx".Box Tops official website. Accessed June 19, 2005. Manning, Terry. "Liner notes". Rock City. Nassau: Lucky Seven Records. "Rock City and Rockin' Memphis album descriptions".Lucky Seven Records website. Accessed June 30, 2005. Rosen, Craig (August 16, 1999). "Cheap Trick Does Big Star for 'That '70s Show.'" Cheap Trick News on Yahoo! Music. Accessed May 12, 2005.Stern, Theresa (December 22, 1996). "Interview: Jody Stephens". Perfect Sound Forever. Accessed June 19, 2005. Mehr, Bob Richard Rosebrough obituary

External links
Big Star Page at Harmonē
The Unofficial Big Star Homepage
Judith Beeman's Back of a Car Big Star zine site
 Jeff the Joker's Alex Chilton, Big Star & the Box Tops: Interviews & Reviews
Photos of <mask> performing in the Jynx
Norton Records listing for Greatest Hits! 4-song EP by the Jynx
Big Star (Rykodisc site)

1951 births
1978 deaths
American people of English descent
American child singers
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
Big Star members
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Road incident deaths in Tennessee
People from Germantown, Tennessee
20th-century American singers
Power pop musicians
Guitarists from Tennessee
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male singers
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee

masks:
Christopher Branford Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Chris Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Chris Stamey
Bell
Robert Christgau
Bell
Death Bell
Bell
Chris Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Chris Bell
Chris Bell
Chris Bell
Chris Bell
Bell
Chris Bell
Chris Bell


title: Aaron Martin (footballer, born 1989)

texts:
<mask> (born 29 September 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for  club Port Vale. He began his career with non-League club Eastleigh, before turning professional with Southampton in November 2009. He spent time on loan at Conference Premier club Salisbury City towards the end of the 2009–10 campaign, and then played 18 league games across the course of two successive promotions that took Southampton from League One into the Premier League. He spent the 2012–13 season on loan at Crystal Palace and Coventry City and after missing the first half of the 2013–14 season through injury, his Southampton contract was ended by mutual consent in January 2014. He signed with Birmingham City and played eight Championship games, before joining Yeovil Town in June 2014. He rejoined Coventry City on loan in October 2014 and signed permanently with the club three months later. Released by Coventry, he signed with Oxford United in June 2016, where he would remain for two years before moving on to Exeter City.He played for Exeter in the 2020 League Two play-off final, which ended in defeat. He signed with Hamilton Academical of the Scottish Premiership in November 2020 and returned to England at the end of the 2020–21 campaign to sign for Port Vale. Early life
<mask> was born in Newport, Isle of Wight, and attended Heathfield School and Itchen College in Southampton, Hampshire. He represented the English Schools' under-18 football team on several occasions. He had two unsuccessful trials with Southampton at under-12 level. Career

Eastleigh
<mask> began his career with Conference South club Eastleigh as a 14-year-old, having been tracked by the management team of Ian Baird and Mark Dennis. He had a trial with AFC Bournemouth at the age of 19.He scored his first career goal on 27 January 2009, in a 2–0 win over Bath City at Ten Acres. He scored again four days later, in a 4–0 victory at Dorchester Town, and agreed a new contract with the club. He ended the 2008–09 season with three goals in 27 appearances, and played both legs of the club's play-off semi-final defeat to Hayes & Yeading United. He signed a new two-year contract in September 2009 and featured alongside Tom Jordan another 14 times in the early stages of the 2009–10 campaign, scoring one goal in a 6–1 win over Bromley. Southampton
Following a trial spell he joined League One club Southampton on 4 November 2009 for "an undisclosed five-figure sum, plus appearance and sell-on increments", and signed an 18-month contract; he was recommended to the club by Eastleigh manager Ian Baird, a former striker for the Saints. The club were looking for a partner for established centre-back Radhi Jaïdi, and would also sign José Fonte and <mask> two months later. After playing in Southampton's reserve team, <mask> signed on loan for Conference Premier side Salisbury City in March 2010.The loan was extended to the end of the 2009–10 season, and <mask> made 15 appearances and scored once for Tommy Widdrington's Whites, in a 3–1 win against Ebbsfleet United on 2 April, before returning to Southampton in late April. On 1 May, <mask> made his debut first-team appearance for the Saints, starting alongside Fonte in the centre of defence against Gillingham in the penultimate game of the season. Southampton manager Alan Pardew said he thought <mask> was his team's best player in the game, adding that "he passed it well and looked comfortable in the shirt". He also started the final game of the season, against Southend United, playing alongside Jaïdi. <mask> started just four league games in the 2010–11 campaign, as new manager Nigel Adkins preferred to partner Fonte and Jaïdi, with Seaborne as back-up. Southampton went on to win promotion into the Championship as runners-up of League One. He committed to a new three-year deal with Southampton ahead of the 2011–12 season.Again partnering Fonte, he played the whole of Southampton's first game of the new season, against Leeds United. His first goal in the Football League proved to be the matchwinner in a 2–1 victory over Coventry City in the third round of the FA Cup on 7 January, and in February, he came on as a half-time substitute against Derby County to score his first league goal, Southampton's second in a 4–0 win. He made seven league starts and 17 appearances across all competitions as Southampton were promoted to the Premier League in second-place. After Japan international Maya Yoshida was signed, <mask> then moved out to Championship club Crystal Palace on loan for the 2012–13 season. Manager Dougie Freedman said that he had watched <mask> since his time at Eastleigh and saw him "playing a major role in our continued progress". He played five matches in his first month at Selhurst Park, but then played only once more after Ian Holloway replaced Freedman as the Crystal Palace manager, and the loan was cancelled by mutual agreement in January 2013. The following month <mask> was again loaned out, this time to League One side Coventry City, where he played regularly until the end of the season.He impressed Coventry boss Steven Pressley, who named him as a top transfer target for the summer once the transfer embargo placed on the Ricoh Arena club was lifted. The signing of another centre-back, Dejan Lovren, pushed <mask> down to fifth-choice centre-back at St Mary's and an injury sustained in pre-season kept <mask> out of action until January 2014. His contract with Southampton was ended by mutual consent on 28 January as he was not part of manager Mauricio Pochettino's first-team plans. Birmingham City
Two days after his release, he joined Championship club Birmingham City on a short-term deal until the end of the 2013–14 season, after manager Lee Clark had Dan Burn and Kyle Bartley recalled from their loan spells. He made his debut at St Andrew's on 1 February, coming off the bench after 14 minutes to replace the injured Tom Thorpe, in a 3–3 draw with Derby County. He played infrequently, making the last of his eight appearances on 29 March, and was released when his contract expired. Yeovil Town
Following his release from Birmingham, <mask> signed for League One side Yeovil Town on a two-year contract on 4 June 2014.He made his debut in the Glovers 3–0 opening-day defeat to Doncaster Rovers at Huish Park. He scored a brace on 6 September, in a 3–1 win at Bradford City. <mask> commented after the game that manager Gary Johnson had ordered him to be more aggressive at set pieces and the advice had paid off. Coventry City
On 29 October 2014, <mask> joined fellow League One side Coventry City on loan until 5 January, in a deal which saw Jordan Clarke move in the other direction. <mask> was released from his Yeovil contract and signed for Coventry permanently on an 18-month contract on 9 January. He ended the 2014–15 season with 28 appearances for Coventry, in addition to his 14 appearances for Yeovil. He recovered from an ankle injury to play 32 games in the 2015–16 campaign, scoring two goals, as Coventry finished two places outside of the play-off places.In May 2016, manager Tony Mowbray opted to release <mask> at the end of his contract due to his lack of aggression, citing it as his most difficult decision of the summer. Oxford United
On 25 June 2016, <mask> joined League One club Oxford United on a two-year contract, citing manager Michael Appleton's style of play as a factor in his move to the Kassam Stadium. On 8 November, he took part in the longest penalty shoot-out in English professional football history, as Oxford were beaten 13–12 by Chelsea U23's in the Football League Trophy; <mask> missed his penalty when the scores were level at 7–7. He struggled with minor injuries and was limited to 11 appearances in the first half of the 2016–17 campaign, before a ruptured Achilles tendon in December ruled him out for the remainder of the season. New manager Pep Clotet had stated that <mask> would be one of four centre-backs in the 2017–18 season, along with Mike Williamson, Curtis Nelson and Charlie Raglan. However John Mousinho was signed at the end of August. <mask> was limited to ten league starts and nine other appearances and was released by new manager Karl Robinson.Exeter City
On 25 June 2018, <mask> joined League Two club Exeter City on a free transfer, although his contract length was undisclosed. Manager Matt Taylor cited <mask>'s character and experience as important factors in bringing him to St James Park. He played 27 matches in the 2018–19 season, scoring three goals, as the Grecians finished one point outside the play-offs. He made 45 appearances in the 2019–20 campaign, scoring three goals, including a goal in the club's 3–2 aggregate play-off semi-final victory over Colchester United. He played at Wembley Stadium in the final, which ended in a 4–0 defeat to Northampton Town, with one of the goals deflecting off his heel into the net. <mask> was released by Exeter at the end of his contract in July 2020. Hamilton Academical
Martin signed for Scottish Premiership club Hamilton Academical on 7 November 2020.Speaking three months later, manager Brian Rice said that he was a "magnificent signing" and had "been everything and much more than I expected" following Gary Warren's recommendation, and praised <mask> for not exercising a clause in his contract to end his contract early in January to return to his family home in Southampton. Despite it being a good season for <mask> in terms of personal performances as part of a back three, the Accies were relegated in last place in 2020–21. He left New Douglas Park upon the expiry of his contract. Port Vale
On 9 June 2021, <mask> signed an agreement to join English League Two club Port Vale and was described as a "model professional" by manager Darrell Clarke, who cited the player's previous work with assistant manager Andy Crosby at Southampton. He picked up a back injury early in the 2021–22 season, but scored his first goal for the "Valiants" in a 3–0 win over Colchester United at Vale Park on 23 October. Style of play
<mask> is a  centre-back. A laid-back individual, he has admitted that he needs to add more aggression to his game and be more dominant in the air.He is a vocal player with good organisational and leadership skills, and is comfortable in possession. Career statistics

References

1989 births
Living people
People from Newport, Isle of Wight
Footballers from the Isle of Wight
English footballers
England schools international footballers
Association football defenders
Eastleigh F.C. players
Southampton F.C. players
Salisbury City F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C.players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players

masks:
Aaron Martin
Martin
Martin
Danny Seaborne
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin


title: Jamie Clapham

texts:
<mask> was born in Lincoln, Lincolnshire. His career started at Tottenham Hotspur with Clapham playing for the Spurs' first XI in the 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup. Subsequently, he made one first-team league appearance for Spurs, a 2–1 defeat to Coventry City on 11 May 1997.<mask> had loan spells at Leyton Orient (six games between 29 January and 22 February 1997) and Bristol Rovers (five games between 27 March and 26 April the same year). Ipswich Town
The next season saw him loaned to Ipswich Town for two months between 9 January and 12 March 1998, the move then becoming permanent for a fee of £300,000. He made a total of 175 full and 20 substitute appearances in the league for Ipswich and scored eight goals, the most notable coming from his left-footed free kicks. In 1999, he was voted Ipswich Town's Player of the Year. He also tasted European action with the club, playing 12 games in the UEFA Cup in two successive campaigns, 2001–02 and 2002–03. Ipswich Town's relegation in 2002 led to the club going into administration and created a need to sell players. <mask> was one such player as he was sold.Birmingham City
He joined Premier League club Birmingham City for £1.3 million in 2003 after four years at Portman Road. He settled into the team and was a virtual ever-present until a hamstring injury forced him out in December 2003. His recovery was hampered when he suffered shingles during February 2004, and he was unable to return until April. In the following two seasons, he remained a squad player with competition for his slot from a number of players, such as Stan Lazaridis and Julian Gray, limiting his appearances. In May 2006, he was released by the club as they slipped from the top flight. In all, he played 84 league games over three seasons and scored once, against Manchester United in December 2005. Wolverhampton Wanderers
In July 2006, <mask> had a trial with Sheffield United and played 75 minutes of a pre-season clash with Rotherham United.He also received interest from Ipswich Town before choosing to sign for Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers in August 2006 on a two-year deal. He played in just 26 league games during the 2006–07 season, without scoring, and was put on the transfer list at the end of it. However, there were no takers for the defender in the close season and he began the 2007–08 campaign still at Molineux. Leeds United (loan)
He was loaned out to League One Leeds United in August 2007 and remained at Elland Road for three months, becoming Leeds first choice left back, the club was given a 15-point deduction at the start of that season and <mask> was instrumental at playing a part in Leeds' impressive early season form. Leicester City
He failed to break back into Wolves' first team after his return and was released to join Leicester City on 31 January 2008. <mask> was released in May 2008. Notts County
After a period in July training with West Bromwich Albion, managed by former Ipswich teammate Tony Mowbray, he joined Southend United on trial but was not offered a contract.After two weeks' training with Notts County, he signed a short-term deal with the League Two club in September 2008, then in January 2009, he signed an 18-month contract extension to keep him at the club until May 2010. He and seven other players were released at the end of the 2009–10 season. Lincoln City
He signed a one-year contract with League Two club Lincoln City in July 2010. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win over Macclesfield Town on 9 October, and scored again in an FA Cup defeat to Hereford United. He was not offered a new contract after a mass clearout of players after Lincoln's relegation from the Football League. Kettering Town
In August 2011 he signed for Kettering Town after a trial. A month later, after manager Morell Maison was replaced by Mark Stimson, <mask> left the club.Coaching career
Tony Mowbray appointed <mask> to a coaching role in Championship club Middlesbrough's academy after Steve Agnew left for Hull City in 2012. <mask> managed the club's under-21 team, and assisted new manager Aitor Karanka with the first team from November 2013 to March 2014. In June 2015, he rejoined Mowbray on the coaching staff at Coventry City. In September 2016, Barnsley manager Paul Heckingbottom brought <mask> into the club as first-team coach on a short-term deal. A few weeks later, his tenure was extended to the end of the season, and extended again in July 2017. Heckingbottom was appointed head coach of Leeds United on 6 February 2018, and took <mask> with him as his assistant. When Heckingbottom was dismissed at the end of the season, <mask> also left the club.Personal life
<mask>'s father, <mask>, and grandfather, Bert Wilkinson, were also professional footballers. Career statistics

Honours
Ipswich Town
Football League First Division play-offs: 2000

Notts County
Football League Two: 2009–10

Individual
Ipswich Town F.C. Player of the Year: 1998–99

References

External links

1975 births
Sportspeople from Lincoln, England
Living people
Association football fullbacks
English footballers
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C.players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Middlesbrough F.C.non-playing staff
Coventry City F.C. non-playing staff
Barnsley F.C. non-playing staff
Leeds United F.C. non-playing staff

masks:
James Richard Claphamlapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Clapham
Graham Clapham


title: Murray Moten

texts:
Brigadier <mask>,  (3 July 1899 – 14 September 1953) was a senior officer in the Australian Army during World War II who commanded the 2/27th Battalion during the Syria-Lebanon campaign in 1941, and the 17th Brigade during the Salamaua–Lae campaign in 1943 and the Aitape–Wewak campaign in 1944–1945. Early life and World War I enlistment
<mask> was born on 3 July 1899 at Hawker, South Australia, the eldest son of <mask> and Maude Mary Sophia,  <mask>. Moten's father was an Australian-born railway porter and his mother was a nurse, originally from Ireland. <mask> attended primary schools at Port Augusta, the state capital Adelaide, and in the far north town of Mingary, then Mount Gambier District High School in the south-east of the state. In 1913 he joined the junior cadets. He started as a messenger boy at the Mount Gambier post office in January 1915. Within six months he was working as a clerk in the town's branch of the Savings Bank of South Australia.In August 1916, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the senior cadets. In August 1917 <mask> enlisted for overseas service in the Australian Imperial Force, not long after he turned 18, by which time his mother had died. <mask> was sent on leaveapparently suffering from flat feetbut was discharged as medically unfit due to heart problems and poor physique in January 1918. <mask> returned to civilian life and was transferred to the head office of the Savings Bank of South Australia in Adelaide. Between the wars
Having resigned from the senior cadets, <mask> was appointed as a provisional lieutenant in the part-time 48th Battalion, Citizens Forces, in July 1923. He undertook further studies, studying accountancy at the University of Adelaide in 1924. On 6 January 1926, Moten was promoted to captain.Ten days later he married Kathleen Meegan, a 28-year-old musician, at St Mary's Catholic Church, Port Adelaide. On 29 May 1929 <mask> was promoted to major. In 1930, with austerity measures from the Great Depression biting and the election of the Scullin Labor government, universal service was suspended, and due to falling volunteer numbers, the 48th Battalion was amalgamated with the 43rd Battalion to form the 43rd/48th Battalion. At the same time, the Citizens Forces were renamed the Militia. <mask> was elected the President of the Bank Officials' Association of South Australia in 1934. On 17 December 1936, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel and took command of the 43rd/48th Battalion. By October 1938, <mask> was working as a sales clerk in the mortgage department of the Savings Bank of South Australia.World War II
Two months after the outbreak of World War II, the 43rd/48th Battalion was delinked to again form separate battalions. <mask> took command of the 48th Battalion, which was not immediately mobilised and remained on part-time service. On 29 February 1940, <mask> was awarded the Efficiency Decoration, which was issued to part-time officers for 20 years of efficient commissioned service. On 26 April, <mask> joined the all-volunteer Second Australian Imperial Force (Second AIF), and was appointed as the commanding officer of the 2/27th Battalion at the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel. He was accepted despite having reduced vision in one eye. The battalion was raised at Woodside, South Australia on 7 May, where it began basic training. Along with the 2/14th and 2/16th Battalions, the 2/27th was attached to the 21st Brigade, which formed part of the 7th Division, the second infantry division raised as part of the 2nd AIF.With an authorised strength of 910 men of all ranks, it was organised into: four rifle companies designated "A" to "D"; a battalion headquarters; regimental aid post; and a headquarters company consisting of specialist signals, anti-aircraft, mortar, carrier, pioneer and administrative platoons. In August <mask> attended a tactical exercise without troops at Puckapunyal in central Victoria, went on a week's pre-embarkation leave at the end of September. Palestine and Egypt
The 2/27th Battalion entrained for Melbourne on 19 October and embarked there two days later aboard the Mauretania. Sailing via British India, the 2/27th briefly made camp at Deolali outside of Bombay for a week before embarking on the Takliwa for the rest of the voyage to the Middle East. The battalion arrived in Egypt on 24 November, disembarking at Kantara on the Suez Canal then moving to Julius Camp in Palestine for further training. After completing its training, the unit moved with the rest of the 7th Division to the Western Desert fortresses at Mersa Matruh and nearby Maaten Bagush in April 1941. Their role was to bolster the Libyan-Egyptian border defences against an anticipated German attack.The battalion did not experience direct ground combat during this period, but came under frequent air attack from Axis aircraft, improved their physical fitness, and gained useful experience in a war zone. On 22 May, the battalion began moving back to Palestine in preparation for the invasion of Syria and Lebanon. The main body of the unit crossed the Suez Canal at Kantara on 26 May, and reached its assembly area at Kfar Yehezkel in northern Palestine two days later. Syria-Lebanon campaign

Brigadier Jack Stevens's 21st Brigade was given the task of advancing north up the -wide coastal route, and was split into two columns. <mask>'s column, consisting of the 2/27th Battalion and some light tanks, supported by artillery and engineers and with naval gunfire support, was given the task of clearing the coastal road after the 2/14th Battalion had captured the border posts, while a similar column based on the 2/16th Battalion advanced up the more difficult inland road. A subsidiary column formed by the British Cheshire Yeomanry horsed cavalry regiment would provide eastern flank protection to <mask>'s column and assist if his column was held up at the Litani River. Initial operations and capture of Innsariye

The invasion began in the early hours of 8 June but Stevens decided not to push Moten's fully-motorised column through the 2/14th Battalion, but instead kept that unit moving forward to establish if the French had cratered the road or demolished bridges that would stop the 2/27th from advancing.By the end of the first day, the 2/14th Battalion had occupied the town of Tyre. The 2/27th began moving forward on 9 June once a large crater in the road at Iskandaroun had been filled by engineers. In heavy fighting, the 2/16th crossed the Litani by boat on 9 June, and that evening, supported by a company of the 2/27th Battalion, they began clearing the opposite bank. During this fighting, the detached company of 2/27th captured an entire company of Algerian colonial troops. That night the river was bridged by the engineers using pontoons, and the rest of the 2/27th began crossing in their vehicles on the morning of 10 June. On 10 June the 2/27th advanced along the coast road led by a squadron of cavalry mounted in carriers, while the 2/16th cleared the high ground to the east. The cavalry pushed on through sporadic resistance past Kafr Badda, but both infantry battalions met opposition among the hills east of the road, and suffered casualties.Stevens, seeking to keep the French off-balance, ordered <mask> to attack the French positions at Innsariye at midnight, which he did after a 30 minute artillery barrage with two companies leading. These met heavy resistance, and were also delayed while some enemy tanks were dispersed by the artillery, so a third company swung around the leading companies on the right flank and pushed towards the battalion's final objective. <mask>, who was forward with the third company, saw an opportunity to encircle the French still resisting the leading companies, and ordered the third company to take up a position on high ground overlooking a road running east from the French positions towards Es Sakiye, and with his headquarters and the pioneer platoon deployed onto high ground above the coastal road to block that line of withdrawal for the French. The French surrendered at dawn on 11 June. The 2/14th Battalion then led the advance until the following day, when the 2/27th again took up the role. At this stage the advance was held up by the French north of Khan Saada, where they had established defensive positions in the Wadi Zaharani, which dominated the intersection with the road running east towards Merdjayoun. A frontal attack by the 2/14th aimed at cutting this road had been unsuccessful.<mask> reconnoitered to the east of the French position, guided by the adjutant of the 2/14th. He then sent two companies forward, and their successful attack secured the bridge across the Zahrani River and captured about 200 French prisoners. The 2/27th continued to push forward along the coast road, with lead elements reaching the village of Rhaziye where they were stopped by heavy artillery fire. Two companies of the battalion managed to advance to the village of Darb es Sim near Ghazieh during the night of 12/13 June. Capture of Sidon

The task of capturing the key city of Sidon was initially given to the 2/16th Battalion, with the 2/27th companies at Darb es Sim to guard the approaches to Sidon from the east, although the orders to do so had not reached them. On 12 June, Moten had made an assessment that the best way to capture Sidon was not to attack frontally as the 2/16th was ordered to do by Stevens, but to push through the hills to the village of Miye ou Miye  east of Sidon, then attack Sidon from the flank. By the morning of 13 June, <mask>'s forward companies were on the southern bank of the Sataniq River, but he was unable to communicate with them in the rough terrain.He sent a patrol to locate them, and Stevens then ordered the rest of the 2/27th to join them and attack Sidon in accordance with <mask>'s appreciation of the best way to capture the city. All members of the battalion were very weary after five days of constant advancing and fighting, and when the trailing companies reached the lead ones before dawn on 14 June, they relieved them so they could prepare for the attack. After a gruelling cross-country march to the start line, the attack was met with significant resistance. On the same day the 2/14th was counter-attacked by a strong French force supported by tanks, but this was stopped with the assistance of the artillery. Acting on information from his advanced companies that Miye ou Miye had been abandoned, on the morning of 15 June <mask> pushed his troops forward to the village and met no opposition. The 2/27th advanced to the outskirts of Sidon and a patrol was sent into the town which discovered that the French had withdrawn. <mask> and his headquarters entered the city shortly afterwards, then Moten commandeered a taxi to report to Stevens who entered the city at 16:00.French counter-attacks
Initially successful French counter-attacks on the inland column around Merdjayoun resulted in Stevens being ordered on 17 June to hold any further advance and send the 2/14th Battalion to reinforce Australian troops at Jezzine. Stevens requested a replacement, and was allocated a British unit, the 2nd Battalion, King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster), transferred from the British 16th Infantry Brigade. Despite the halt until the situation at Merdjayoun was resolved, the 21st Brigade pushed forward strong cavalry patrols and on 19 June the 2/16th captured the village of Jadra north of the Wadi Zeini. The 2/27th followed up and took up positions in the El Ouardaniye—Sebline-Kafr Maya area that afternoon. On 21 June Moten sent patrols to Sebline and Kafr Maya, and for the next few days the battalion picqueted the lateral roads and tracks further south protecting the eastern flank of the coastal column. On 25 June, Stevens sent the 2/27th and 2/16th forward to the El Haram ridgeline, and ordered Moten, who was to hold the right-hand position on the ridge, to send patrols towards Er Rezaniy. In the meantime, the 2/25th Battalion, supported by two companies of the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, was tasked to clear the French from the area between the two columns.At dawn on 26 June, the 2/27th and 2/16th secured the ridge against minimal French resistance. On 28 June, the 7th Division, reinforced by the Australian 17th Brigade, was concentrated on the zones along the coast and north of Jezzine, leaving operations further east to the British 6th Division. This meant that Stevens' command was again reduced to two battalions, the 2/27th and 2/16th. he requested an additional battalion to sustain operations against the town of Damour on the road to Beirut, but this was not immediately forthcoming. He kept his units back from the Damour River to limit casualties from French artillery, but ordered his two battalions to patrol forward aggressively. On 29 June, <mask> took his intelligence sergeant on a long reconnaissance of his right flank and identified a French position on a height known as Hill 394 which overlooked the Damour River. He tasked his nearest company commander to send a strong fighting patrol to the feature that night, and it was captured after brief resistance.A platoon-strength defensive position and observation post was established on the heights. Despite heavy French shelling over four hours, the platoon stayed in position. Stevens wanted to avoid another frontal attack, so <mask> sent patrols forward to reconnoitre French positions and river crossing points on the right flank. Once these had been located, and similar reconnaissance of the crossings and French positions had been conducted by the 2/16th on the left, Stevens was allocated the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion, but it only had two companies at this point. On 1 July, the 2/14th Battalion returned to the 21st Brigade from fighting around Jezzine as part of the 25th Brigade. All three infantry battalions were significantly under-strength due to casualties. Capture of Damour and armistice
For the capture of Damour, the 2/27th was to conduct a single company preliminary operation to destroy French positions on a spur west of the village of El Mourhira, then after that company was relieved by two companies of the 2/14th Battalion, the 2/27th would cross the Damour River to El Boum and Four-à-Chaux and turn the French flank.Significant artillery support was to be provided for the brigade attack. The lead company of the 2/27th moved off from El Haram at dusk on 5 June, and marched cross-country to El Batal where they rested for three hours. A little

masks:
Murray John Moten
Murray John Moten
John Moten
Murray
Murray
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten
Moten