title: John Forbes (sailor)

texts:
<mask> (born 29 January 1970) is an Australian sailor and has competed at three Olympic Games, winning a bronze at Barcelona 1992 and silver in 2000 at the Sydney Games. <mask> has won seven World Championships, four European Championships, and ten Australian Championships. He was voted Australian Sailor of the Year four times (91/92, 01/02, 02/03 & 03/04) and an Australian Institute of Sport scholarship holder. Biography
<mask> was introduced to catamaran sailing on an international level at the age of 12. He and his father Bob went to the USA to compete in the 1982 Nacra 5.2 North American Championships, where they placed fourth. The following year, <mask> and Bob attended the inaugural Nacra 5.2 World Championship, where they came second. <mask> then traveled to Monterey Bay, where, with fellow Australian David Renouf, they finished 4th place in the Nacra 5.8 North American Championship.After this "deep-end dunking" as a crew, <mask> took over the helm of various types of catamarans and with brother Rod on a Nacra 5.2 won the 1985 Australian Combined High Schools Championship outright, winning a couple of the races in the series on handicap/yardstick as well as outright. With Rod as crew, <mask> also came 3rd in the 1985 Nacra NSW State Championship, 1st in the 1986 Nacra NSW State Championship, 2nd in the Prindle 18 National Championship, and 4th in the Nacra Australian Championship. <mask>'s first introduction to the International Tornado Class was at the 1986/87 Australian Championship in Perth, where, whilst only 16, he helmed his first Tornado catamaran and placed 10th amongst a star-studded fleet including Multi Olympic Gold Medallist Poul Elvstrom, "the Great Dane." His youthful success and versatility, together with his accumulated competitive experience on different sized catamarans, resulted in him being approached by 1984 Olympic Bronze Medallist Chris Cairns, who asked <mask> to sail with him. Together they won the 1987 Kiel Week Regatta followed by a second place in the 1987 Tornado Class World Championship. In 1989 <mask> Waterhouse to win the Australian Tornado Championship with a perfect score, winning all 8 heats. Rod Waterhouse's inability to travel overseas in 1989 led <mask> to join up with longtime sailing rival Mitch Booth, and together they won the 1989 World Championship (Houston, Texas) by an astounding 36 points ahead of Giorgio Zuccoli from Italy.They also won the 1990 and 1991 Australian Tornado Championships. A role reversal in 1991 saw <mask> again taking over the helm to win the inaugural Nacra 5.8 World Championship (Harvey Bay, Queensland). Mitch and <mask>'s credits also include winning the `92, `93 & `94 Tornado Australian Championships and in 1992 they won their second Tornado World Championship (Perth, Australia). Gold and Silver medals were also won in the 1990 and 1991 Barcelona Pre-Olympic Games respectively, and the pair were rewarded when they won a bronze medal at the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. As a result, they were jointly awarded the prestigious New South Wales Yachtsman of the Year trophy in November 1991 and again in 1992. As a final toast they were honoured, again jointly, with the distinguished award - as 1992 Ampol Australian Yachtsman of the Year. A creditable second place was scored at the 1993 Tornado World Championship (Long Beach, USA) and was followed up by a third place at the 1994 World Championship (Bastard, Sweden).A twelve-year relationship with the Tornado Class has also seen <mask> give back an enormous amount of personal time and effort to both the Australian International Tornado Association (AITA) and the International Tornado Association (ITA). He was elected President of the AITA in 1994 taking over the reins from Dr Peter Blaxland who had been President for the past 20 years. <mask>'s significant contributions to the Class both nationally and internationally led him to be re-elected again in 1996. At the ITA AGM in Canada in August, 1995 <mask> was also elected as President of the ITA in charge of International and Olympic affairs and was also responsible for the election of the new younger and pro¬active Technical Committee of the ITA. January 1995 saw a major change to <mask>'s Olympic Tornado Campaign with the much publicised break-up with partner Mitch Booth. <mask> teamed up with his main competitor and longtime catamaran sailor Darren Bundock who had impressed <mask> during his 1992 Olympic Games Campaign. Together they established a successful two-boat training campaign as part of their lead-up to the 1996 Selection Regattas.Their successes stream-rolled by winning both the Sail Sydney Regatta and the NSW State Titles. An outstanding result at the Pre-Olympic Regatta in Atlanta saw the pair place 4th. One week later they followed up at the 1995 Worlds in Kingston, Canada with a final placing of 14th (8th Nation). Not bad considering on the second day of racing they were cut in half by an Austrian Team and were forced to miss both heats 2 & 3 of the series as their hull was beyond repair. January 1996 saw <mask> and Bundock win the Australian Championship by a clear 10 points from a star-studded International fleet in preparation for the 1996 World Championships. At the 1996 World Championship (Mooloolaba, Australia), <mask> and Bundock finished a brilliant third overall. With the Olympic Selections up for grabs these two sailors believed they had proven beyond doubt that they were at the elite level required to bring home a Gold Medal from Atlanta.However, as a result of the Australian Yachting Federation changing the AOC endorsed Olympic Selection Criteria after the first of the two Olympic Selection Regattas had been completed, <mask> and Darren were denied selection to the Australian Olympic Team and forced to set their sights on Sydney 2000. Determined by the disappointment of denial of Olympic Selection, <mask> and Darren kept the momentum of their Olympic campaign with training partner Andrew Macpherson. <mask> and Darren dominated the Australian Tornado Regatta circuit and won the 1996 NSW and QLD State Championships. 1997 saw <mask> and Darren top the Australian Yachting circuit by defending their National title crown in Perth, winning the International Sail Melbourne, Go for Gold regatta and placing second in the Sail Sydney regatta. <mask> and Darren placed best Australian in both the 1997 NSW State Titles (3rd overall) and the Australian International Regatta, Sydney (2nd overall), a 5th place (3rd Nation) at the 1997 World Championship in Bermuda and then topped off the year by winning the 1997 Sydney International Regatta. 1998 started off with <mask> and Darren winning their third Australian Championship in a row. In May and June they went off to Europe to place third at both the European Championships in Greece and the Kiel Week event in Germany as well as winning the Danish Spring Cup and placing the best Australian in the Dutch Spa Regatta.In September, <mask> and Darren sailed away with the GOLD at the Sydney Harbour Regatta, organized by SOCOG as the first ever Sydney 2000 Olympic Test event. In November <mask> and Darren achieved their greatest feat to date winning both the South American Championship and the 1998 World Championship (Buzios, Brazil). They never looked back, winning the World Championship by an incredible 18 points from longtime training partners Roland Gaebler and Rene Schwall (Germany). This win made <mask> the first ever Tornado sailor to win three world championships. Since 1967 there were eight sailors who had previously won two world championships but 31 years after the inaugural event <mask> became the first person to make it three wins. <mask> and Darren started off 1999 the way they left 1998 by winning Sail Melbourne which was represented by six nations. February saw the pair cross the Tasman to dominate the Sail Auckland regatta.By the end of 1999 they had finished a four-month European campaign and captured the Number 1 spot on the prestigious ISAF O’Neill World Rankings after winning the Princess Sofia Trophy (Spain), the European Championship (Spain), Kiel Week (Germany) and placing 3rd in Hyeres and 4th at the World Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark. By the end of January 2000 they were selected into the Olympic Team to represent Australia in their hometown Sydney 2000 Olympic Games where they won the silver medal. The gold medal was won by Roman Hagara and Hans Peter Steinacher from Austria with it being Austria's first-ever gold medal at the summer Olympics. Their achievements after Sydney 2000 continued with Bundock and <mask> clean streaking the 2001 Tornado regatta program by winning the World Championship in Richards Bay, South Africa in February and their second European Championship in Silvaplana, Switzerland in August. They also won the 2001/02 Australian Championship for the fourth time together (<mask>’ 10th time) and the 2002 NSW State Titles. Awards and rewards
On 11 December 2001 Darren and <mask> were one of five finalists for the NSW Institute of Sports “Athlete of the Year”. Other finalists included (first ever female) World Rowing Champions Vicky Roberts and Julia Wilson, Triathlete Peter Robertson, Louise Savage from wheelchair track and road and swimmer (and winner) Ian Thorpe.On 17 December 2001 <mask> was inducted into the Sydney Northern Beaches Hall of Fame alongside other famous sporting personalities including surfing’s Tom Carrol, Netball’s Anne Sargeant and Swimming’s <mask>. On 27 February 2002 Darren and <mask> were awarded the Australian Institute of Sport top “Athlete/Team of the Year”. This was then followed by Darren and <mask> being awarded the “2001/02 BEA Australian Sailor of the Year” award at Darling Harbour on 8 June 2002. Darren & <mask> were ecstatic with this announcement having previously been finalist in 1999 and 2000 and it being ten years since <mask> previously won the award after his 1992 World Championship and 1992 Barcelona Bronze Medal haul. Darren and <mask> continued their success in 2003 winning the three biggest and most important Tornado Regattas of the year being the 2003 European Championship (Gran Canaries), the 2003 Athens Test Event (Pre-Olympics) and the 2003 World Championship (Cadiz, Spain - 72 boats from 26 nations). The win for Darren and <mask> put them again in the record books as it was <mask>’s incredible sixth Tornado World Championship Title (1989,92,98,01,02,03) and Darren’s fourth (98,01,02,03). <mask> equalled that of Brazilian sailor Robert Schiedt who had recently won six Laser dinghy class World Titles.Combine all of that with winning the 2003 Sail Melbourne regatta in January and the pair were selected to represent Australia at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games and were earmarked by many as being the Gold medal favourites. As a result of the successes both in 2002 and 2003 Darren and <mask> also received the following accolades:
Australian Institute of Sport – Team of the Year. Australian Yachting Federation – Male Sailors of the Year. NSW Yachting Association – Male Sailors of the Year. NSW Institute of Sport – Team Athletes of the Year. International Sailing Federation – Rolex World Sailor of the Year - finalist. Whilst the Greek wind Gods didn't show up on time for the Tornado event in Athens, <mask> and Darren still finished a credible 6th place overall and, after three Olympic Games and 18 years at World and Olympic level sailing, <mask> announced his retirement from the sport due to family commitments with his wife Caroline and two daughters Teigan and Bronte.Darren Bundock continued sailing Tornado catamarans and, with Glenn Ashby as <mask>' replacement, they went on to win a further world championship and the silver medal at the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Both Darren and Glenn then joined the highly spectacular and successful 2013 America's Cup teams. References

1970 births
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Sailors from Sydney
Australian male sailors (sport)
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Sailors at the 1992 Summer Olympics – Tornado
Sailors at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Tornado
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Tornado
Olympic sailors of Australia
Olympic medalists in sailing
Australian Institute of Sport sailors
Living people
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Tornado class world champions
World champions in sailing for Australia

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JohnRod
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John Devitt
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title: John Russell (knight)

type: original

texts:
Sir <mask> (died c. 1224) of Kingston Russell in Dorset, England, was a household knight of King <mask> (1199–1216), and of the young King Henry III (1216–1272), to whom he also acted as steward. He served in this capacity as custodian of the royal castles of Corfe (1221 and 1224) and Sherborne (1224) in Dorset and of the castles of Peveril and Bolsover in Derbyshire. He served as Sheriff of Somerset in 1223-1224. He was granted the royal manor of Kingston Russell in Dorset under a feudal land tenure of grand serjeanty. Between 1212 and about 1215 he acquired a moiety of the feudal barony of Newmarch, (shared with <mask>ttrel/Bottreaux) the caput of which was at North Cadbury, Somerset, in respect of which he received a summons for the military service of one knight in 1218. Debt to Jews
<mask> had obtained a loan from Aaron the Jew of Lincoln (died 1186), the greatest of the Jewish financiers licensed to trade in England, and on the seizure of Jewish assets by King Henry II (1154–1189) in 1186 his debt became due to the crown. It appears the Treasury was content for a while to leave these debts uncollected, but the position changed following King <mask>'s peace treaty with King Philip II of France (1180–1223) signed in May 1200, which required the English king to pay Philip the sum of 20,000 marks.Thereupon <mask> levied a carucage tax on the kingdom and adopted a more active policy towards collection of Aaron's debts, then dealt with on account of their magnitude by a separate specially formed Exchequer of the Jews. In 1200 <mask> rendered his account for his debt to Aaron of £12 14s 8d and paid into the Exchequer on account the sum of 20s (i.e., £1). For the balance he was given respite by royal writ until 1207/8 when he rendered his account for £5 12s 8d and paid 6 marks into the Treasury. He obtained the king's writ for quittance of the remainder. Marriage
At some time before 1201 he married Rohesia (or Rose) Bardolf, widow of Henry II de la Pomeroy, feudal baron of Berry Pomeroy in Devon  and sister of Doun Bardolf (1177–1205), lord of a moiety of the feudal barony of Shelford, Nottinghamshire, inherited from his mother Rose de Hanselin, who had married Thomas Bardolf (died between 1188 and 1194). The de la Pomeroy family came from La Pommeraye, Calvados, near Falaise, Normandy. The English barony of Berry Pomeroy was a large one, its 1166 Cartae Baronum return having reported 32 knight's fees.As the widow of a tenant-in-chief, Rohesia's marriage became the property of the crown to dispose of, and in 1201/2 <mask> agreed to pay 50 marks to the royal treasury for the hand of his bride. He paid the sum over a period of time, having made a payment on account of 8 ½ marks in 1207/8, which still left a balance of 5 marks due. Rohesia brought to <mask> as well as her person a life interest in her dower lands, which would have comprised by custom 1/3rd of the lands of her former husband. The division of the latter's lands gave rise to a dispute with Rohesia's son Henry de la Pomeroy jnr., and the matter came before the royal court in 1200, a year before the formal obtaining of the marriage licence, when <mask> and Rohesia, already termed his wife, sued Henry regarding certain lands in Devon and Cornwall. The resulting agreement was that <mask> and Rose should retain Ayscombe and Stockleigh Pomeroy whilst Henry should have Upottery There arose later a dispute with the Abbot of St Mary du Val in Bayeux who claimed that the advowson of Stockleigh had been given to his abbey amongst the gifts by charter of Josceline (Goslin) de Pomeroy (died post 1123) and Henry I (died 1165) his son, Constable of Normandy which gifts had been confirmed by a charter of Bartholomew, Bishop of Exeter (1161–1184) and later by Henry III (died 1222), Rose's son. <mask> claimed in their defence that his wife had confirmed her own title to the Advowson because she herself had exercised her right of presenting a new priest, which appointment had been accepted. The outcome of the dispute is not recorded.The following two charters of the Augustinian Abbey of St Mary du Val, Bayeux, were published in 1899 by J. Horace Round in his Calendar of Documents Preserved in France: 918-1206
(No.1455) Charter of Goslin de Pomeria, giving, with consent of Emma his wife, and Henry, Roger, Philip, Goslin, and Ralph his sons, by the hand of Richard (1107–1133) Bishop of Bayeux, to the church of St. Mary du Val (que dicitur “Valle”) to the canons there serving God, according to the rule of St. Augustine, in cloistered community, with all that follows: 60 acres in the parish of St. Omer, etc. … and half his swine and those of his heirs, when killed (occisionem porcorum) in Normandy, and the tithe of his mares in Normandy and England and 40 shillings sterling (de Esterlins) from the rents (gablo) of Berry-Pomeroy (Bercium) every year on August 1, and the church and tithe of Berry, etc. and in England (sic) the tithe of his swine and of his mills of Berry etc. … and in England a manor called (Canon) Teign (Tigneam), and his chaplainry in England, namely, the tithe of wool, and cheese, and porkers, and lambs at Ottery (Otrevum), and all belonging to his chaplainry (capellarie ) in England etc. … (Other gifts in Normandy by William son of Payn and Richard his son, a canon of the abbey, by Roger Capra, with consent of his wife Petronilla and son William, etc.) Testibus istis: ("with these witnesses:") Goslino de Pomeria cum filiis suis, Henrico, Rogerio, Philippo, Goslino; et Willelmo filio Pagani, cum filiis suis; et Hugone de Rosello, et Christino de Olleyo; Willelmo filio Ricardi; Waltero de Petra ficta; Willelmo de Rosello; Willelmo de Braio; Goslino de Braio; Roberto Buzone; Roberto de Curcell(is). Gift by Goslin de Pomeria to St. Mary of the fee of Robert son of Maheld of Tot [14 acres of land].Gift of William, son of Payn, by consent of his son Richard and permission of his wife, etc. …
Anno Dominice incarnationis MoCoXXVo … confirmata est hec carta a Goslino de Pomeria, Emmaque uxore sua etc. … annuente Ricardo de Tornebuto in cujus feodo ecclesia fundata est. (1167)

(No.1456): Charter of Henry (1163–1205) Bishop of Bayeux, notifying that Henry de Pomeria the younger has confirmed in his presence all the gifts of Goslin de Pomeria and Henry his son to St. Mary du Val, in advowsons and other possessions both in Normandy and England. And moreover, so far as lies in his power, he has granted, before him, to St. Mary du Val and the canons there all his right of advowson and presentation, both in Normandy and England, which grant the bishop confirms so far as he is concerned. His testibus: magistro Ranville (sic) cancellario; domino Nicholao priore de Plessecio; Henrico de Somagvillo (sic); Hugone de Herouvilla; Willelmo Bubarel, et pluribus aliis. Hec autem donatio facta est anno ab incarnatione Domini MoCoLXVIIo, sicut charta eis testatur.It will be remarked that by pure coincidence here is mentioned as one of the witnesses the "Hugo de Rosell" seized upon by Wiffen as the ancestor of <mask>. It was thus perhaps as a result of his investigations into the background of <mask>'s wife that Wiffen fortuitously fell upon the name of "Rossel". The Hugo in question was probably lord of the Normandy manor of Rosel, 35 kilometres north of La Pommeraye, and was thus within the same social and geographic sphere as the de la Pommeraye family. The <mask>s of Kingston Russell were never referred to in ancient records with a French particulier "de", which might have connected them with a manor called Rosel etc. somewhere in France, but gained the name more likely from the ruddy (Latin: rossellus) hair or complexion of some distant ancestor. After <mask>'s death in 1224 his widow Rohesia obtained royal licence of the king, at the suit of Ralph de Blundeville, Earl of Chester and Lincoln (1172–1232), to marry whomsoever she pleased, so long as he should be a faithful subject of the crown. This was perhaps merely a formality to give her freedom from "troublesome solicitations of the king's courtiers" and no records survive of any subsequent marriage having occurred.Awarded <mask>
The manor of Kingston in Dorset was held by <mask> in-chief from the king by grand serjeanty, the particular service due to the king was originally to be Marshal of the Buttery (i.e.store of wine barrels), as the entry in the Book of Fees dated 1211 records for the Hundred of "Alvredesberge" (since dissolved), Dorset:

Johannes Russel tenet Kingeston pro dimidia hyda terre de domino rege ex tempore Willelmi Bastard quondam Rege Anglie per serjanciam essendi marescallus buteilerie domini regis ad Natale Domini et ad Pentecosten. ("<mask> holds Kingston for half a hide of land from the Lord King from the time of William the Bastard sometime King of England through the serjeanty of being marshall of the king's buttery at Christmas and at Pentecost")

It is not recorded when the <mask>s obtained Kingston, yet the lack of any sure record of the family before the time of <mask> suggests he was the first to come to prominence and the first to hold it, probably as a reward from King <mask>. Acquires Little Bedwyn
In 1211 <mask> acquired the manor of Little Bedwyn, newly subinfeudated from the royal manor of Bedwyn, Wiltshire, which had been held by the crown from the 8th century. <mask> held it by the feudal land tenure of grand serjeanty of providing 2 bushels of wine for the king

Advowson of Puleham Church
In 1213 a certain "<mask>" was awarded by King <mask> what Wiffen termed "the advowson" of Puleham Church in Dorset. This had belonged to Cirencester Abbey from whom it had lapsed to the crown demesne. J. Horace Round was dubious as to whether this <mask> was the same person as the king's knight, and ascertained that the record in fact quite obviously related to a clerical appointment, not an advowson which it was usual for lay persons to hold. Here was another example, concluded Horace Round, of Wiffen's deliberate fabrication of a long pedigree for the family of Russell.Awarded wardship of co-heiress of Barony of Newmarch
James de Newmarch, feudal baron of North Cadbury died in 1216 leaving 2 daughters as his co-heiresses. The wardship of Isabel the eldest was granted to <mask> by King <mask>. This was a very valuable grant as the barony comprised several manors, amounting to some 17 fees, and it is unclear whether it was a grant by way of royal reward to <mask> or whether he purchased it. The land tax assessment of 1200 shows that he possessed some wealth prior to this grant, yet possibly not of sufficient amount to make the purchase of the wardship of a moiety of a barony comprising several manors. The marriage of the younger daughter Hawise was awarded to <mask> Boterell, and the two new holders of the barony split it into moieties, dividing the constituent manors between themselves. De Boterell died in 1230 without having produced any issue and was replaced as the husband of Hawise by Nicholas de Moels, whose descendants held his moiety until the 16th century. <mask> married off, as was his right, his ward Isabel to his eldest son <mask> (died c. 1250), who thus became a feudal baron.However before Ralph was of sufficient age to appear himself for the military service demanded from the barony, <mask> as his father was summoned in his place. Summoned for military service
Due to his holding of a moiety of the barony of Newmarch, <mask> became liable to provide one knight to the royal army for a fixed number of days per annum. Even before this grant it appears <mask> held other lands by military tenure as in a Chancery document he is recorded as proffering knight service in 1213-14, but the size of his contingent is not legible. He received such a summons in 1218, as one of seven others in Somerset and Devon, one of 115 England-wide, to attend the royal army at Stamford on St John the Baptist's Day (15 July) in the third week of Henry III (1218). The army was to be used for the siege of Newark Castle, which was held against the king by Robert de Gaugy, a Flemish lieutenant of Philip Marc. The scutage roll states: Johannes Russel mittat unum militem pro terra qui fuit Jacobi de Novomercato (<mask> sent one knight in respect of the land which was of James de Newmarch (Latinised to "New-Market")). Below this entry is the record of a summons to <mask> Bottrel, who held the other moiety of the barony of North Cadbury: Johannes de Botereauls veniat pro eadem terra (<mask> Bottrel came in

masks:
John Russell
John
John de Bo
Russell
John
John
John Russell
John Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
John Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Kingston Russell
John Russell
John Russell
Russell
John Russell
John
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John Russell
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John Russell
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John de


title: John Russell (knight)

texts:
 respect of the same land).Appointed steward of Henry III
The following royal order to the Sheriff of London is recorded: "To give <mask> our steward, for the king's use, 300 lbs of wax, a hanaper of almonds and 2 frails of figs"

Appointed King's Knight of Henry III
At Christmas 1217 Henry III gave robes to his military knights, which then numbered just 7, greatly reduced due to his lack of finance from the number in excess of 50 retained by his father King <mask>. The supposition that <mask> was probably one of them is confirmed by the similar order of the next year 1218 by King Henry III to his chamberlain, recorded in the Close Rolls, commands to be given to 5 of the king's knights, including <mask>, "5 robes of green or burnet, namely a tunic and mantle with supertunics of fine linen"

Recovers Princess Joan
Hugh X de Lusignan (died 1249), a magnate of Poitou then nominally but tenuously ruled by King <mask> as the inheritance from his mother Eleanor of Aquitaine, had been betrothed to <mask>'s daughter Princess Joan (1210–1238), by his second wife Isabella of Angouleme. The reasons for this betrothal were twofold. Firstly, to create a dynastic alliance to persuade Hugh to use his great influence in Poitou to the benefit of the English crown. The other reason is more complex: in 1200 King <mask> had stolen away for his own second wife the great heiress Isabella of Angouleme (1188–1246), betrothed shortly before in the same year to Hugh's father Hugh IX de Lusignan. Isabelle was one of the greatest beauties of her age, and <mask> appears to have formed a strong attachment to her person, although then aged only 12, as well as to her inheritance. To assuage the anger of Hugh IX it was agreed that his son Hugh X should marry a daughter resulting from the marriage of <mask> and Isabelle.This daughter was Princess Joan, born in 1210, who as an infant was duly betrothed to Hugh X, at least 15 years her senior. The infant Joan was sent to live at the court of Hugh X until she was old enough to enter into matrimony as agreed. Hugh X was also given possession of his betrothed's maritagium (marriage portion) of Saintes, the Saintonge and the Isle of Oleron. However, when she was aged just 6, in 1216, King <mask> her father died, leaving the still young and attractive Isabelle of Angouleme a widow. Hugh X thereupon decided, before 22 May 1216, to the great surprise of the English royal court and without royal licence, to marry Isabella in place of her daughter Joan, which action would have entitled him to a life interest in her dowry as Queen of England, had he obtained the required royal licence to marry a king's widow. King Henry sent him a formal congratulatory letter dated 22 May 1216, which included the request for his sister Joan to be returned to England. Yet in order to obtain his new wife's dowry, Hugh held the Princess Joan as hostage in Poitou and refused to return her to England.Isabella demanded of the regency council of her young son King Henry III the seizin of her dowry lands of Niort in Poitou, Exeter Castle and Rockingham Castle. The position thus appeared at a stalemate. In 1220 Hugh was invited by the king to come to England to attend the great ceremony of the translation of Thomas Becket due to occur in Canterbury Cathedral on 7 July 1220, and was assured that all outstanding issues would then be resolved. Hugh did not accept the invitation, but rather sent to Canterbury his messengers and started to oppress towns in Poitou, in an attempt to persuade Henry to concede to him both Isabella's dower and Joan's maritagium. A letter from Pope Honorius dated 25 September 1220 threatened Hugh with spiritual penalties if he did not surrender both the princess and her maritagium. Since King <mask> had made himself a vassal of the papacy, which gave it the ultimate ownership of his kingdom, the pope had taken a great interest in the preservation of English royal possessions. In an attempt to break the deadlock, the regency council decided on 5 October 1220 to release Isabelle's English dower to Hugh, which included Berkhampstead Castle and probably also Rockingham Castle In compensation for her dower lands in Normandy however, she was granted the Stannaries in Devon and the revenue of Aylesbury for a period of 4 years, with £3,000 paid for arrears in her pension In return for these concessions the following stern royal order dated 6th.October 1220 was issued by Henry to Hugh, nominally his subject as ruler of Poitou, recorded in the Patent Rolls:
”Mandatum est H. de Lezinan quod veniat ad dominum regem in Angliam et adducat secum sororem domini regis et si eam secum ducere non poterit tunc liberet eam in villa Rupelle Johanni Russel, Radulfo Gernun et Godefrido de Craucumb, vel duobus ex illis, si ipsi tres simulm esse non possunt. Teste ut supra”. (It is commanded of Hugh de Lusignan that he should come to the Lord King in England and that he should bring with him the sister of the Lord King and if he is unable to bring her with him then he should release her in the town of La Rochelle to <mask>, Ralph Gernun and Godfrey de Craucumb, or to two of those if the same three are not present at the same time. Witnessed as above (i.e. in the previous royal order of that day)). These three persons were household knights of Henry III. They were received cordially by Hugh, who delivered Joan into their custody, whilst excusing himself on account of illness from coming in person to England.The agreement excluded the delivery of Isabella's dower in Niort by Henry and the surrender by Hugh of Joan's maritagium of Oleron, which provided seeds of future conflict. Commissioner for marriage of King Alexander
The main reason why Henry III wished to recover the custody of his sister Joan from Poitou was that he had promised her in marriage to King Alexander II of Scotland. As part of a peace treaty signed by the two kings at York on 15 June 1220, Henry committed himself to give Joan in marriage to Alexander "if we are able to recover her", and if not he promised Alexander his second sister Isabelle. He promised furthermore to find husbands from the English nobility for Alexander's own sisters Margaret and Isabelle, all matches to be effected within a tightly defined time scale. The agreement was signed by several of King Henry's entourage, including <mask>, who promised that they would ensure the agreement was put into effect. The text is as follows:
De rege Scocie. Rex archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, comitibus, baronibus, militibus et libere tenentibus, et omnibus fidelibus suis ad quos presens scriptum pervenerit, salutem.Ad universitatis vestre volumus noticiam pervenire quod nos dabimus dilecto et fideli nostro A. illustri regi Scottorum Johannam primogenitam sororem nostram in uxorem ad festum Sancti Michaelis, ab anno Incarnatione Domini M ducentesimo vicesimo, si eam habere poterimus, et nos et consilium nostrum fideliter laborabimus ad eam habendam. Et si forte eam habere non poterimus dabimus ei in uxorem Ysabellam juniorem sororem nostram, imfra quindecim dies proximos sequentes post predictum terminum. Maritabimus etiam Margaretam et Ysabellam sorores ipsius A. regisScottorum a festo Sancti Dionisii anno ab Incarnatione Domini M ducentesimo XX in unum annum in terra nostra ad honorem nostrum et ipsius regis Scottorum vel si eas non maritaverimus infra predictum terminum reddemus eas dicto A. regi Scottorum salvo et libere in terram suam infra mensem proximum post terminum predictum. Dominus W. autem Eboracensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis, R. Dunolmensis et cancellarius noster, H. Carleolensis, episcopi, et S. abbas Reding, promiserunt in verbo veritatis quod bona fide laborabunt quod omnia predicta compleantur et quod compellent contradictores singuli, scilicet, in parochiis suis per censuram ecclesiasticam quod predicta observentur et super hoc cartas suas dederunt eidem A. regi Scottorum. H. etiam de Burgo, justicarius noster Anglie, W. comes Warennie, W. comes Albemarle, Robertus de Ros, Falkesius de Breaute, Willelmus de Cantilupo, Willelmus de Lancastria, Galfridus de Nevill, Radulfus de Trublevill, Robertus de Vallibus, Philippus de Albiniaco, Hugo de Bolebec, Rogerus Bertram, Osbertus Giffard, Johannes Russel juraverunt se observaturos bona fide hoc idem quod archiepiscopus et episcopi promiserunt in verbo veritatis, et inde similiter dicto A. regi Scottorum, cartas suas fecerunt. Et nos ad majorem rei huius securitatem hanc cartam eidem A. regi Scottorum fieri fecimus sigillo nostro sigillatam. Acta apud Eboracum in presencia domini Pandulfi Norwicensis electi, domini pape camerarii et apostolice sedis legati, XV die Junii anno regni nostro quarto.Translation:

“Concerning the King of Scotland: The King to his archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, soldiers and freeholders and to all his faithful men to whom the present writing may come, greetings. To all and sundry we wish notice to reach that we have given to our beloved and faithful (cousin) the illustrious Alexander King of the Scots Joan our first-born sister in marriage for the feast of Saint Michael in the one thousandth two hundredth and twentieth year from the Incarnation of Our Lord, if we are able to recover her, and we and our council will labour faithfully towards obtaining her. And if by chance we are not able to obtain her we will give to him as wife Isabelle our younger sister within the next fifteen days following the foresaid date. Moreover we will marry Margaret and Isabelle the sisters of the King of the Scots himself, within one year from the feast of Saint Dionysius in the year from the Incarnation of Our Lord 1220, within our kingdom to the honour of ourself and the King of Scotland himself, evenso if we do not marry them within the foresaid time, we will return them to the said King of the Scots safe and free into his kingdom within the month following the said date. Moreover Lord W. Archbishop of Canterbury, P. of Winton, R. of Durham and our chancellor, H. of Carleon, bishops, and S. abbot of Reading, have promised in a word of truth that they will strive in good faith that all the foresaid things shall come to pass and that they will severally compell those obstructing, that is to say in their own parishes through ecclesiastical censure, that the foregoing should be enacted, and on this (promise) they have given their charters to the same Alexander King of the Scots. Moreover, Hubert de Burgh, our justiciar in England, William de Warenne, William Earl of Albemarle, Robert de Ros, Falkes de Breauté, William I de Cantilupe, William II de Lancaster, Geoffrey de Nevill, Ralph de Trublevill, Robert de Vaux, Osbert Giffard, <mask> have sworn themselves to enforce in good faith this same matter which the archbishop and bishops have promised in a word of truth, and thereupon similarly they have given their charters to the said King of Scots. Ane we for the greater security of this matter have caused this charter to be drawn up for the same Alexander King of Scots sealed with our seal.Enacted at York in the opresence of the Lord Pandulf Bishop of Norwich Bishop elect of Norwich legate of the chamber of the Lord Pope and Apostolic See, the 15th day of June in the fourth year of our reign”. Custodian of Corfe and Sherborne Castles
In 1224 <mask> was appointed custodian of Corfe Castle and of Sherborne Castle together with the forests and sheriffdom of Somerset and Dorset, in place of Peter de Mauley, who had rebelled against the king's order to surrender them at the king's pleasure. The town of Corsham in Wiltshire and its revenues were granted to him to support him in these duties. He retained these offices until his death later in the same year of 1224. Sources
Wiffen, J. H.,  Historical Memoirs of the House of Russell from the Time of the Norman Conquest, (2 Vols.) Vol.1, London, 1833. Carpenter, David.The Minority of Henry III. Sanders, I.J. English Baronies; A Study of Their Origin and Descent 1086-1327. Oxford, 1960
Sanders, I.J. Feudal Military Service in England; A Study of the Constitutional and Military Powers of the Barones in Medieval England. Oxford, 1956
Gorges, Raymond. The Story of a Family Through Eleven Centuries Illustrated by Portraits and Pedigrees; Being a History of the Family of Gorges.Boston, USA, 1944
Church, S.D. The Household Knights of King John, Cambridge University Press, 1999

References

High Sheriffs of Somerset
Medieval English knights
John
1224 deaths
Year of birth

masks:
John Russell
John
John Russell
John Russell
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title: Noam Gonick

texts:
<mask>,  (born March 20, 1973) is a Canadian filmmaker and artist. His films include Hey, Happy!, Stryker, Guy Maddin: Waiting for Twilight and To Russia with Love. His work frequently deals with themes of homosexuality, social exclusion, dystopia and utopia. Background

<mask> was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1970. His father, <mask>, is a reputed Marxist economist and former member of the Manitoba Legislature. As a youth, <mask> showed a strong interest in theatre. While in elementary school, he started a small theatre company composed of other children from his neighborhood.At 16, he lived briefly in Berlin, Germany, where he worked as an actor in an experimental theatre troupe. After returning to Canada, he met and began working with filmmaker Guy Maddin, who would have a seminal influence upon his early work. <mask> attended and graduated from Ryerson University in Toronto, earning a BFA with a major in Film. He edited Ride, Queer, Ride (1997) a collection of writings on and by filmmaker Bruce LaBruce, who would prove to be another important influence on <mask>'s filmmaking. In 2007, he was made the youngest inductee to the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. He is currently president of the board of directors at the Plug-In Institute of the Contemporary Arts. Film and television

<mask>'s first film was the 1997 short 1919, a historically revisionist depiction of the Winnipeg General Strike, as seen through the window of a gay oriental barbershop and bathhouse.MoMA selected the film as one of the best gay and lesbian films from the last fifteen years. His next film was the documentary Guy Maddin: Waiting for Twilight, narrated by Tom Waits and featuring Shelley Duvall. The film captures Maddin as he begins production on Twilight of the Ice Nymphs (1997). The documentary received acclaim on the festival circuit and went on to a successful life on television. <mask> would follow up with the experimental short Tinkertown in 1999, while also writing and developing his first feature, Hey, Happy! (2001). The cult-styled film, set in the Winnipeg rave scene on the eve of an apocalyptic flood, was distributed in North America and Europe, and was listed in Artforum's selection of best movies of the year.In the early 2000s, <mask> directed a number of episodes of Canadian documentary television series KinK, before returning to film with Stryker (2004), a feature he co-wrote with David McIntosh. Stryker strikes a comic-tragic tone in its colourful depiction of the bleak realities of Aboriginal youth and working-class transsexuals. The film was photographed by Ed Lachman, and featured a cast of mostly amateur actors. It premiered at the Venice International Film Festival. In 2007, <mask> wrote and directed Retail, a comedy TV pilot. <mask>'s early interest in theatre was given renewed outlet in his creation of two short documentaries about important Canadian theatre figures: Hirsch (2010), on Hungarian-Canadian director and co-founder of the Manitoba Theatre Centre John Hirsch, and What If? (2011), on Leslee Silverman, celebrated artistic director of Manitoba Theatre for Young People.Some of <mask>'s recent installation art has included elements of live performance. <mask> directed the documentary To Russia with Love, featuring LGBT athletes competing in and responding to the Sochi Olympics. The film was nominated for a GLAAD Award and was streamed worldwide on Netflix. In 2016 <mask> began directing the series Taken for APTN about murdered and missing Indigenous women. Installation

<mask>'s work in installation art began in 2006 with a collaboration with Rebecca Belmore that was shown at the Venice Biennale. Since that time, he produced several installation works incorporating film and video elements. Wildflowers of Manitoba (2007) is a performance piece and film installation created in collaboration with Luis Jacob.Housed in a geodesic dome furnished as a teenaged bedroom, the frame swells with projected images of homoeroticism in the Canadian Shield, evoking a "romantic vision of bliss, sensuality and sexual return to the land." It premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival, and has been exhibited worldwide. Precious Blood (2007), commissioned by the Ontario College of Art and Design, consists of a scale model of the Provincial Remand Centre, a Winnipeg detention centre. Video of interviews with girlfriends and friends of inmates is displayed on the façade of the model, as these young men and women harbour outside the centre in hopes of catching glimpses of their incarcerated loved ones inside. The piece's title derives from the name of the modernist church designed by Etienne Gaboury, who was also architect of the Remand Centre. Commerce Court (2008) is a satirical commentary on the corruption and greed of the financial industry. Projected originally onto a six-story building in Commerce Court, the world headquarters of the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, it features Roman Danylo in the role a banker on the verge of nervous breakdown.The installation premiered at Toronto's Nuit Blanche on October 2, the eve of the passing of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the first bailout of the U.S. financial system. No Safe Words (2009) is a multi-channel video installation that uses sports broadcast recaps and scorecards as a point of departure for examining athletic stadiums as sites of violence, from varsity hazing to political torture, while exploring the possible homoerotic undertones of such violence. The piece, broadcast originally on JumboTron screen during Toronto's 2008 Pride March, has also been interpreted as a commentary on the deradicalization of the gay pride movement. References

External links
 http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/36/noam_gonick/
 Lucy Parsons & The Chicago Anarchists film project boards
 Pulse Berlin Interview

1973 births
Living people
Artists from Winnipeg
Canadian screenwriters
Film directors from Winnipeg
Writers from Winnipeg
LGBT film directors
Jewish Canadian artists
Jewish Canadian writers
LGBT Jews
LGBT screenwriters
Canadian gay writers
Canadian Film Centre alumni
LGBT artists from Canada
Gay artists
21st-century Canadian artists
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Canadian installation artists
Jewish Canadian filmmakers

masks:
Noam Gonick
Gonick
Cy Gonick
Noam
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
Gonick
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Gonick


title: Hamdi Ulukaya

texts:
<mask> (born 26 October 1972, Iliç) is a Turkish businessman, activist, and philanthropist of Kurdish ethnicity based in the United States. <mask> is the owner, founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Chobani, the #1-selling strained yogurt brand in the US. He established production facilities first in upstate New York, and since then has expanded. According to Forbes, his net worth as of June 2019 is US$2.0 billion. On 26 April 2016, <mask> announced to his employees that he would be giving them 10% of the shares in Chobani. In an interview with CNN Money, <mask> said that he was very serious about Kurdish rights and left Turkey due to the Turkish state's oppression of its Kurdish minority group. In 2002, he started a modest feta-cheese factory on the advice of his father.His larger success came after <mask> purchased a large, defunct yogurt factory in upstate New York in 2005, in a region that had been the center of a dairy and cheese industry since the mid-nineteenth century. Chobani achieved over $1 billion in annual sales in less than five years after launch, becoming the leading yogurt brand in the U.S. by 2011. Ernst & Young named <mask> as the Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur Of The Year in 2013, and Inc. magazine named him one of the most important entrepreneurs of the past decade in 2019. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born to a dairy-farming Kurdish family in 1972 in İliç, a small village in Turkey's Erzincan Province. He had six siblings and his family owned and operated a sheep, goat, and dairy farm near the Euphrates River in İliç, Erzincan Province, where they made cheese and yogurt. The family often led a seasonally semi-nomadic existence tending and herding their flocks. <mask> is uncertain of his exact birth date because he was born during one of the family's mountain treks, although he uses October 26 as his birthday.After studying political science at Ankara University, in 1994 <mask> moved to the United States to study English at Adelphi University on Long Island, New York. In 1997 he moved upstate and transferred to the University at Albany, State University of New York where he enrolled in a few business courses. He ended up taking a job on an upstate farm. During a visit, his father persuaded Ulukaya to import the family's feta cheese from Turkey, after tasting the inferior cheese available locally. When the imported cheese proved popular, <mask> opened a small wholesale feta cheese plant of his own, called Euphrates, in Johnstown, New York in 2002. The venture was modestly successful but by the two-year mark it had just barely broken even. <mask> later recalled, "It was two years of the most challenging days of my life."Chobani

Inception and development
In the spring of 2005, <mask> noticed a piece of junk mail advertising a fully equipped yogurt factory for sale in South Edmeston, New York,  west of his feta cheese factory. The 84-year-old factory had been closed by Kraft Foods. Although he initially threw the flier away, <mask> toured the plant the following day and decided to buy it, against the advice of his attorney and business advisor. <mask> financed the purchase within five months with a loan from the Small Business Administration, plus local business-incentive grants. He initially named his new company Agro Farma, and hired a handful of the former Kraft employees. <mask> decided to make an alternative to American-style yogurt. He preferred the yogurt, with which he grew up with in Turkey.He brought over a yogurt master from Turkey, Mustafa Dogan, with whom he spent nearly two years developing and perfecting his own yogurt recipe. Using different bacterial cultures at differing temperatures and fermentation durations, they tested hundreds of recipes to come up with a yogurt with the desired taste, texture, and natural shelf life. Strained yogurt is thicker, creamier, and tangier, with a higher protein content, as the whey is strained out. To manufacture strained yogurt, <mask> needed a million-dollar commercial machine called a milk separator, which the American-style Kraft factory did not have. He found a used one in Wisconsin and negotiated to buy it for $50,000. On his trip to pick up the separator, the name "Chobani"  – a variation on çoban, the Turkish word for shepherd – popped into his head. Ulukaya made Chobani yogurt without preservatives.Since he could not afford advertising, he invested time and money on the product's packaging, using a distinctive new bowl-style shape to differentiate the brand. Launch

In October 2007, he shipped his first order of Chobani, a few hundred cases, to a grocer on Long Island. The store repeated the order the following week. <mask>'s early business approach included strategies the larger companies did not use. Rather than pay stores a slotting fee, which his start-up company could not afford, he paid stores in yogurt rather than in cash to stock his wares. He also negotiated to pay off the slotting fees over time as the yogurt sold. He also implemented in-store samples so customers could taste the product and purchase it immediately.Lacking the budget for traditional marketing, after hearing customers phoning in to say that they loved Chobani, <mask> had his small team reach out to bloggers, Facebook, and Twitter to have constant and direct communication with consumers. In 2010 he also created a sampling truck, the  CHOmobile, which handed out free cups of Chobani yogurt at festivals, parades, and other family-friendly events all over the U.S. In its first year, the sample truck gave away 150,000 full-size containers of Chobani. In 2009, the chain stores Stop & Shop and ShopRite began carrying Chobani, and by the middle of 2009, Chobani was selling 200,000 cases a week. Later that same year, a major breakthrough came when the warehouse club stores BJ's Wholesale Club and Costco began carrying the brand. <mask> began adding new product lines to his brand in 2010. Expansion
After BJ's and Costco began carrying Chobani in 2009, the company doubled its sales every year through 2013.With an eye on Australian and Asian markets, in 2011 <mask> acquired Melbourne dairy producer Bead Foods, and began manufacturing and selling Chobani in Australia. In mid 2012, he initiated an $88.5 million expansion for the company, acquiring 100 acres next to its upstate New York facility and building an 80,000-square-foot addition. The expansion was partially funded by $1.5 million in New York State grants for economic development. Since strained or Greek yogurt uses three times the amount of milk per cup that unstrained yogurt does, to keep up with Chobani's ever-increasing market, in December 2012 the company opened the world's largest yogurt factory in Twin Falls, Idaho, a $450 million investment. In 2012 Chobani had more than $1 billion in annual sales, and in 2012 it became the world's leading yogurt brand. Ulukaya joined the world's billionaires in the early 2010s. In March 2016, Chobani announced that it will be incrementally investing almost $100 million into the Greek yogurt plants it has in Twin Falls, Idaho.In 2015 the Twin Falls plant employed more than 1,000 people, almost 100 of whom were hired in the last half of 2015. Chobani planned to add a global research and development facility for the Twin Falls scientific team, plus office expansions and an employee cafeteria. In the summer of 2016, they planned to start production of a yogurt-based dip and drinkable yogurt in the Twin Falls factory. In November 2019, Chobani began offering new oat-based products and natural dairy creamers. La Colombe Coffee Roasters

In mid-2015 Ulukaya became the majority investor in La Colombe Coffee Roasters. Business philosophy

Ulukaya has stated that higher wages for employees leads to greater corporate success. In an interview with Ernst and Young Global chairman & CEO Mark A. Weinberger, Ulukaya said that businessmen should promote a sense of purpose in their corporate culture to create a climate of positive change in business and the world.He stated that companies should focus on humanity and not just on their bottom lines. When <mask> opened his second yogurt manufacturing plant in Twin Falls, Idaho, he created a job training program together with the College of Southern Idaho and the Chobani Foundation (formerly known as Shepherd's Gift Foundation.) He has also worked to improve the community in Twin Falls by supporting the Southern Idaho Children's Learning Center, Twin Falls Rapids Soccer Club, and other community programs. In March 2017 the New York Times reported <mask>'s efforts to work with Idaho colleges to offer technical training for workers to solve the area's labor shortage. The Chobani yogurt plant in Twin Falls is the largest in the world and pays its workers in the area on average twice minimum wage. Additionally, he raised the starting wage to $15 per hour as of spring 2021. In the fall of 2017, Chobani announced a brand evolution that featured new packaging and positioned the company as a “food-focused wellness company.”

In 2017, Chobani started offering six weeks of paid leave to new parents as a result of <mask>'s own experience when his son was born in 2015.The policy ensures that Chobani employees have the needed time to bond with their newborns, and it covers adoption, foster care and same-sex couples as well. In the spring of 2018, <mask> appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Good Morning America to announce that the company was celebrating its 10th anniversary as a national brand by giving a Chobani yogurt to every person in America. In March 2017, <mask> was featured on the cover of Fast Company magazine. The cover story was titled "How Chobani's <mask> Ulukaya Is Winning America's Culture War." Later that spring, <mask> was featured by CBSNews' 60 Minutes on 9 April 2017 in a segment called "Chief of Chobani" that focused on his approach to business and philanthropy. In April 2019, <mask> gave a TED Talk on the TED conference main stage in Vancouver, entitled "The anti-CEO playbook." In June 2019, <mask> launched Milk Matters, a program to support the future of dairy farming in America.Part of the program includes a new collaboration with Fair Trade USA to explore developing the first standard and certification program of the dairy industry. Philanthropy

In 2014 <mask> pledged to donate $2 million to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He has also donated to many Muslim charities associated with Iraq and Syria and has explored philanthropic avenues for helping refugees around the world. He signed up for The Giving Pledge, a philanthropic initiative by Warren Buffett and Bill Gates

<mask> visited the Greek island of Lesbos in September 2015 to see first-hand the situation of the mostly Syrian refugees there. In 2015 he launched the Tent Foundation to help refugees. At Chobani's plants in Upstate New York and Idaho, <mask> has long hired refugees from around the world from regions across Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In 2015, <mask> attended the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and launched several new initiatives to help refugees while also encouraging world and business leaders to do more.In 2016, <mask> was invited to join the Special Olympics International Board of Directors. He is part of the volunteer Board of Directors which determines international policy along with other business leaders, sport leaders, professional athletes, educators and others. In July 2017, <mask> launched the Hamdi Ulukaya Initiative (HUG) to train Turkish entrepreneurs who are running existing startups or planning on starting a new venture. HUG has a $5 million budget over five years. In May 2019, it was reported that the Warwick school district in Rhode Island would be instituting a policy whereby students who had outstanding school lunch debt would only be served sunflower seed butter and jelly sandwiches, causing an uproar that they were essentially "school lunch shaming" students who had delinquent accounts, aside from denying them nutritionally balanced lunches. Many of these families were struggling and this was harmful to the students on many levels. <mask> stepped in and paid the US$77,000 to cover all the students' outstanding school lunch debt.Influence and adviserships

<mask> has been noted both for his entrepreneurial skills and also his commitment to making affordable and nutritious foods using only natural ingredients. In addition to receiving awards for entrepreneurship, in April 2014 he was named by President Barack Obama as an inaugural member of the Presidential Ambassadors for Global Entrepreneurship (PAGE) initiative – 11 selected business leaders who will encourage entrepreneurship in the U.S. and abroad. <mask> was a member of the Upstate Regional Advisory Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and previously served as vice chair of the corporate fund board of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. He is on the board of the Pathfinder Village (Community for Down Syndrome) Foundation in Edmeston, New York. From establishing Chobani, <mask> has given 10% of his company's net profits to charitable causes. In 2010 he established the company's charitable arm, the Chobani Shepherd's Gift Foundation, now called the Chobani Foundation, to manage this philanthropy. Donations have included major grants to support famine relief efforts in Somalia, and to underwrite the New York City Pianos project launched by Sing for Hope.<mask> <mask> pledged to donate most of his wealth, at the time of the pledge at least 700 million dollars, to help the Kurdish refugees, as well as refugees from all around the world. Honors
<mask>'s success and entrepreneurship has garnered him numerous awards, honors. These include:

Fulton County Economic Development Corp.'s Outstanding Business Award 2008
The Business Reviews 40 Under Forty Award of 2009
American Advertising Federation's Advertising Hall of Achievement (inducted 2011)
Small Business Administration's 2012 Entrepreneurial Success of the Year Award
Ernst & Young U.S. Entrepreneur of the Year 2012
Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Awards (2013)
Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur of the Year 2013
Brand Genius Award from Adweek in 2013, in the Consumer Packaged Goods category
Sing for Hope honoree at 2013 Art for All Gala
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from Colgate University (2013)
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from the Sage Colleges (2013)
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from the University at Albany (2014)
Culinary Institute of America Leadership Award for Health and Wellness (2014)
Presidential Ambassador for Global Entrepreneurship (2014)
 2015 UN Global Leadership Award
In November 2015, <mask> was honored by the Children's Aid Society with their Corporate Leadership Award. In October, 2015, <mask> was honored with a humanitarian award by the American Turkish Society (ATS) for his personal work in helping to relieve the suffering of Syrian refugees. 2016 Eminent Advocate honor from the UNHCR
 2016 Women's Refugee Committee Voices of Courage Corporate Leadership Award
2016, Disruptor Awards' Christensen Prize. He was a 2013 honoree for the same award.Personal life
<mask> lives in New Berlin, New York, near Chobani's South Edmeston factory and headquarters. He was briefly married in the late 1990s to New York City doctor Ayşe Giray. In 2012, <mask> <mask>'s Turkish ex-wife Dr. Ayse Giray sued him for a 53 percent stake in the company claiming her family lent him $500,000 for the business. The suit was settled for an undisclosed amount. Other claims that emerged from the divorce proceedings included her accusations that <mask> stole the recipe for his yogurts. These accusations were proven unfounded and dropped. In 2015, he had a son, Aga, with Alida Boer.In January 2018, Ulukaya married Louise Vongerichten, co-founder and president of Food Dreams Foundation, founder of sustainable's kids clothing line Mon Coeur and daughter of famous French-American chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten. The couple has two children, Miran and Leyla. Ulukaya has additional offices in Manhattan and Twin Falls, Idaho. References

External links
2014 Keynote speech (interview) at Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur of the Year ceremony (53 minutes)

1972 births
Living people
21st-century Turkish businesspeople
American drink industry businesspeople
American food company founders
American food industry business executives
American investors
American people of Kurdish descent
Ankara University alumni
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Giving Pledgers
People from İliç
Turkish billionaires
Turkish emigrants to the United States
Turkish Kurdish people
Turkish people of Kurdish descent
Turkish philanthropists
University at Albany, SUNY alumni

masks:
Hamdi Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Hamdi
Ulukaya
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Ulukaya
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Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Ulukaya
Hamdi
Ulukaya
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Ulukaya
Ulukaya
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Hamdi


title: Dennis Erickson

texts:
<mask> (born March 24, 1947) is an American football coach who most recently served as the head coach for the Salt Lake Stallions of the Alliance of American Football league. He was also the head coach at the University of Idaho (1982–1985, 2006), the University of Wyoming (1986), Washington State University (1987–1988), the University of Miami (1989–1994), Oregon State University (1999–2002), and Arizona State University (2007–2011). During his tenure at Miami, <mask>'s teams won two national championships, in 1989 and 1991. His record as a college football head coach is

Erickson was also the head coach of two teams in the NFL, the Seattle Seahawks  and the San Francisco 49ers  and tallied a mark of

Erickson retired on December 30, 2016, after 47 years in coaching. In 2018, the AAF named Erickson as the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, bringing him out of retirement. Early life
Erickson was raised in Ferndale, Washington,  north of Seattle, and in Everett,  north of Seattle. Robert "Pinky<mask>, was the head football coach at Ferndale High School and later at Cascade High School   Erickson played quarterback at the rival Everett High, coached by next-door neighbor, Bill Dunn.This "made for some quiet dinners on game day." As a junior, <mask> was the starting quarterback, beating out the former starter, senior Mike Price, another future college

Price, the son of the head coach of Everett Junior College, was moved to defense as a safety. When Erickson left Washington State for Miami in 1989, he recommended Mike Price (who got the job) as his replacement, and Price rented Erickson's Pullman home. Erickson had beaten out Price for the Washington State job in 1987. Six years earlier in 1981, Price had beaten Erickson out for the job at Weber State College  in Ogden, Utah. While at Idaho, Erickson  in conference play against Price's Weber teams, and at Oregon State, he  against Price's Washington State teams. Erickson graduated from EHS in 1965 and accepted a football scholarship to Montana State in Bozeman to play for head coach  and was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.He was an effective undersized quarterback from 1966 to 1968, earning all-conference honors in the Big Sky. Immediately after his senior season, <mask> began his coaching career as a graduate assistant for the Bobcats in 1969. In 1970 at age 23, he was the head coach at Billings Central Catholic High School, staying for just a single season. Assistant coaching

From 1971 to 1981 Erickson was a college assistant coach, working with the offense. Beginning at his alma mater, Montana State University, in 1971 under Sonny Holland, he became an offensive coordinator in 1974 at the University of Idaho under newly promoted head coach, Ed Troxel, and stayed for two seasons. <mask>'s college coach, Jim Sweeney, resigned from neighboring Washington State after the 1975 season, soon moved to Fresno State, and Erickson joined him as offensive coordinator for 1976. After two years, Sweeney left to become an assistant with the NFL's Oakland Raiders under John Madden, and Erickson continued at Fresno in 1978 under new head coach Bob Padilla.When Jack Elway, a former Sweeney assistant at WSU, was hired at San Jose State in 1979, <mask> joined him for three seasons, again as the offensive coordinator. They instituted the spread offense, which Elway had picked up from his son John's high school head coach, Jack Neumeier. Erickson was a finalist for the Weber State job after the 1980 season, but lost out to high school teammate and friend Mike Price; he finally got his head coaching chance following the 1981 season. Head coaching

College

Idaho
<mask>'s head coaching career began at age 34 at the University of Idaho. He was hired on December 11, 1981, to succeed Jerry Davitch, who had been fired nine days prior to his final game (a one-point home loss against rival Boise State). A pre-season playoff pick, Idaho finished the disappointing 1981 season with six consecutive losses, and were winless in seven games in the Big Sky. Erickson was hired by UI athletic director Bill Belknap and accepted a one-year contract at $38,001.Building on his reputation as an offensive innovator, <mask> became Idaho's all-time winningest head coach in just four seasons with the Vandals (1982–85), taking them to the I-AA playoffs in his first and fourth seasons. In his first season of 1982, Erickson took an underachieving (and injured) 3–8 team in 1981 and immediately turned it into an 8–3 playoff team, led by decathlete quarterback Ken Hobart. <mask>'s overall record with the Vandals was 32–15 (.680), 31–13 (.704) in the regular season and 1–2 in post season. He went 4–0 in the rivalry game with Boise State, a team which had dominated the series by winning the previous five games. (The winning streak against the Broncos reached 12 games; it was broken in 1994 when BSU advanced to the I-AA finals.) His most notable recruits at Idaho were his quarterbacks - future NFL head coach Scott Linehan, who had future Oakland Raiders head coach Tom Cable blocking for him, and future College Football Hall of Famer John Friesz, who had Mark Schlereth blocking for him. Erickson revived Vandal football and quickly turned it into a top I-AA program, whose success was continued for another decade by former assistants Keith Gilbertson (1986–88) and John L. Smith (1989–94).Before 1982, the Vandals had posted only four winning seasons in over four decades, and had not had consecutive winning seasons since 1938. Idaho had three consecutive winning seasons only once (1903–05), and never had four. With <mask>'s arrival as head coach, the program embarked on 15 consecutive winning seasons (1982–96), and 11 trips to the Division I-AA playoffs in 14 seasons. <mask>'s compensation for his fourth and final year at Idaho was $47,940. Wyoming
<mask> was introduced as the head coach of the Division I-A Wyoming Cowboys on December 2, 1985. His four-year contract included a base annual salary of $60,000 plus $20,000 from radio and television, and the rent-free use of a home in Laramie. The Cowboys had just concluded 3–8 season in 1985, tied for seventh in the nine-team WAC.He installed his "Air Express" form of the spread offense and led the Cowboys to 3–1 start in September, with road wins at Air Force and Wisconsin. Wyoming finished at 6–6 season in 1986, tied for fourth in the WAC with a 4–4 record. He left Wyoming without notice after accepting the head coaching job at Washington State in early January. Washington State
When <mask> was introduced as the head coach of the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-10 on January 7, 1987, he stated that it was his lifelong goal to be the head coach   at WSU in 1987 was a five-year deal at an annual base salary of $70,000, with up to $30,000 from radio, television, and speaking   to the Palouse after just 13 months in Wyoming, then led the Cougars to  in his first year, the same record the Cougars had the year before under Jim Walden. Erickson turned around the Washington State program quickly, going  in 1988 with a post-season victory in the Aloha Bowl, WSU's first bowl win since the 1916 Rose Bowl. Erickson's continued success led to his hiring by the University of Miami  although a week before he stated he was not leaving WSU. Miami
Expectations were very high at Miami, as Erickson replaced the successful Jimmy Johnson, who had led the Hurricanes to ten or more wins each the previous four seasons and a national championship in 1987 before departing for the NFL's Dallas Cowboys.<mask> led Miami for six seasons (1989–1994), winning national championships in 1989 and 1991. That gave <mask> more national championships than any other Miami coach. <mask>'s 0.875 winning percentage (63–9) at Miami remains the highest in the history of the program. However, his 1993 team went 9–3, the first season with fewer than ten wins for Miami since 1985. That team was drubbed 29–0 by Arizona in the 1994 Fiesta Bowl, still Miami's worst bowl loss ever. In September 1994, the Hurricanes lost, 38–20, to Washington at the Orange Bowl, snapping the Canes' NCAA record 58-game home win streak. Moreover, in 1991 Miami self-reported rampant violations of NCAA rules dating back to 1985, Johnson's second year.However, when it emerged that an academic adviser had helped players fraudulently obtain Pell Grants, the federal government asked Miami to stop its probe so the Department of Education could conduct an investigation of its own. Ultimately, Miami was placed on three years' probation not long after Erickson left the school, banned from postseason play in 1995 and docked 31 scholarships over three years. Erickson himself was not implicated in wrongdoing. Erickson was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009, on ESPN. NFL

Seattle
After turning down offers from both the Denver Broncos and Philadelphia Eagles, Erickson accepted an offer to coach the Seattle Seahawks in January 1995 for about $1 million per year, compared to the estimated $700,000 in his final year at Miami. In his first season, he switched starting quarterbacks from the #2 overall pick in the 1993 NFL Draft, Rick Mirer, and went to John Friesz, whom he recruited to Idaho in 1985. Friesz guided the Seahawks to their second  biggest comeback win ever in a game, rallying from 20–0 down at the half after Mirer had started, and took the Seahawks to the final week of the season with an 8–7 record after starting 2–6 and a playoff berth on the line only to lose to Kansas City and finish 8–8.In 1996, the Seahawks finished 7–9, <mask>'s worst record with the team. 1997 saw an ownership change in Seattle, in which Microsoft co-founder Paul G. Allen purchased the team from then owner Ken Behring and helped pass a referendum for a new stadium to be built; that season, the Seahawks had one of the best passing offenses in the league, only to finish 8–8 after an 0–2 start in which they were outscored 76–17 in two home losses. After the season, <mask>, who had been told by new owner Paul Allen that he would return in 1998, had to fire longtime friend and assistant the special teams coach Dave Arnold and replace him with Pete Rodriguez. With a revamped lineup led by 1997 passing leader Warren Moon, the Hawks flew out of the gate in 1998 with a three-game winning streak (including a Kickoff Weekend shutout of the Eagles at Veterans Stadium), but stumbled and lost their next three games. Later in the year, with the team playing at .500, he turned to Jon Kitna to lead the offense, and they responded with a close win at home against

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 the Tennessee Oilers before going on the road to New York to play the Jets. In a hotly contested game that many viewed as the best combined offensive performances of 1998, the game came down to a blown call on a short touchdown run by Jets quarterback Vinny Testaverde (where he was ruled to have scored despite replay evidence clearly showing his forward progress had been stopped short of the goal line), which cost Seattle the game and Erickson his job. This game would be cited as one of the main reasons the NFL restored its instant replay review system following the season.The final year of <mask>'s NFL contract for 1999 was valued at $1.3 million. Return to the college ranks

Oregon State
In January 1999, <mask> returned to the college ranks when he was hired at Oregon State University in Corvallis, with a five-year contract at $300,000 per year. The OSU Beavers had become one of three perennial "cellar dwellers" in the Pacific-10 Conference; expectations were so low that <mask>'s predecessor, Mike Riley, was promoted to an NFL head coaching position with the San Diego Chargers after leading the Beavers to a 5–6 record in 1998. In his first season, Erickson directed the Beavers to a 7–5 record, the program's first winning season in 29 years. They secured an invitation to the Oahu Bowl—their first bowl appearance in 35 years, and Erickson received an improved contract. The following year, Oregon State went 11–1, snapped a 33-year losing streak to the USC Trojans, and earned a share of the Pac-10 conference championship for the first time since the conference expanded to ten teams in 1978. It was the first time the Beavers won at least a share of a conference championship since 1964.Oregon State began to develop a national reputation for its high-powered offense and a swarming defense. In fact, the team barely missed an invitation to play in the national BCS title game due to a late-in-the-game missed field goal against Washington. The win over USC did, however, help <mask>'s crew clinch a spot in the Fiesta Bowl against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish—the Beavers' first major-bowl appearance since the 1965 Rose Bowl. Oregon State won 41–9, in what is generally considered to be one of <mask>'s crowning career achievements. At the close of the 2000 season's bowl games, the Beavers were ranked fourth nationally in the AP Poll, their highest final ranking ever. Some media outlets suggested Oregon State would have been a favorite to win the BCS Championship at the Orange Bowl had they been selected. Before the 2001 season, Sports Illustrated ranked Oregon State as the number one team in the nation.However, a lack of returning talent from the 2000 team took its toll, and the Beavers went 5–6. Among the players who hail from Erickson's high-octane 2000 team are NFL stars Chad Johnson and T. J. Houshmandzadeh; both were selected in the 2001 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati Bengals. Erickson was named Sporting News National Coach of the Year in 2000, and his name came up for several high-profile college football positions. In late 2000, <mask> was a primary choice to fill the vacant position at USC, however he spurned a $7.2 million, five-year contract to remain with the Beavers, and the position eventually went to Pete Carroll. Erickson remained coach at Oregon State for four seasons (1999–2002) before accepting another coaching position in the NFL. His early departure left some OSU fans angry with him for not finishing-out his contract, but he is still credited with playing a leading role in reviving the Beavers football program. Mike Riley returned to Corvallis to succeed Erickson as head coach in 2003.Return to the NFL

San Francisco
Erickson returned to the NFL in February 2003 with the San Francisco 49ers, and received a five-year contract at $2.5 million per year. The 49ers had serious salary cap problems, and Erickson lasted just two seasons before being fired, along with general manager Terry Donahue, after a 2–14 season in 2004. The hiring of Erickson was very surprising and highly criticized by the fans and the media after a longer-than-usual coaching search to replace the fired coach Steve Mariucci. This move was the first strong indicator that the fans believed that John York was not cut out to be the owner of the team after taking over the franchise from his brother-in-law Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. in 2000. The search began without much direction and several candidates in the coaching search withdrew from consideration. When the 49ers had reportedly named their finalists, three defensive coordinators were named. But the offensive-minded Erickson ended up being hired and due to the timing of the hiring, Erickson did not have the time to properly assemble his coaching staff.The 49ers' offense had mostly players who specialized in the West Coast Offense that Mariucci ran. But the aggressive style of offense that <mask> is known for deviated greatly from that scheme and the hybrid scheme that Erickson tried to employ in order to maintain parts of the West Coast Offense and ease the transition to his offense never worked out. After two seasons, Erickson was fired with three years remaining on his contract; he did not coach during the 2005 season. Second return to college ranks

Return to Idaho
On February 8, 2006, the University of Idaho announced the re-hiring of <mask> as its head football coach. <mask> had won 32 games in his first four seasons as a head coach (1982–85) to establish Idaho as a top I-AA program in the Big Sky Conference. The Vandals moved up to Division I-A in 1996 but had not had a winning season since 1999. Idaho had just completed its first season in the WAC in 2005 when previous head coach Nick Holt resigned in early February, after just two seasons.He left to take a higher paying assistant's job in the NFL, as the defensive line coach for the St. Louis Rams under new head coach Scott Linehan, a former Vandal quarterback and offensive coordinator. After a few days, Holt reconsidered and accepted another job back at USC, as defensive coordinator under Pete Carroll for even more money, more than double his salary at Idaho. When asked at his introductory press conference if Idaho was indeed a long-term arrangement, Erickson responded, "You want to look at the age on my driver's license?...This, hopefully, is going to be my last job." <mask>'s rejuvenated 2006 Vandals broke to a 4–3 record and were and 3–0 in the WAC, then lost the final five conference games to finish at 4–8 overall and sixth in the WAC. Erickson was paid $215,000 by Idaho and nearly $2.3 million by the 49ers for the fourth year of his NFL contract. Arizona State
After just ten months back at Idaho, Erickson left again for the opportunity to lead his fourth BCS program. Arizona State athletic director Lisa Love hired him on December 9 to replace recently fired Dirk Koetter, who had finished the 2006 regular season at 7–5.Arizona State was <mask>'s third head coaching stint in the Pac-10, after Washington State and Oregon State. Arizona State paid $2.8 million to Koetter and a $150,000 buyout to Idaho to complete the hiring of <mask> to a five-year contract. He immediately paid dividends at ASU, leading the Sun Devils to a 10–2 regular season record in 2007, a share of the Pac-10 title,  and a berth in the Holiday Bowl. <mask> was named the Pac-10 Coach of the Year; the first to ever win the award at three different Pac-10 schools. He also coached another major award winner; placekicker Thomas Weber was named the Lou Groza Award winner. Erickson worked for the relatively low salary of $500,000 from ASU in his first season, with another $2 million paid by the 49ers for the last year of his NFL contract. The remaining four years of the original ASU contract paid $1.275 million per year.In 2008 the Arizona Board of Regents had approved a contract extension to keep Erickson at Arizona State through June 2012. <mask>'s early success at ASU was not sustained, as the Sun Devils failed to have another winning season and lost three of four Territorial Cup rivalry games against Arizona. In his final four seasons, Erickson was 21–28 overall and 14–22 in conference. After opening the 2011 season with a promising 6–2 record, Arizona State suffered four straight Pac-12 defeats in November to end the regular season, and Erickson was fired on November 28. He was allowed to coach in their bowl game on December 22, but ASU was soundly beaten 56–24 by Boise State in the Maaco Bowl in Las Vegas for their fifth consecutive loss. Third return to college ranks
In February 2013, Erickson came out of retirement to join the staff at the University of Utah as the co-offensive coordinator with Brian Johnson under head coach Kyle Whittingham. In announcing the hire, Erickson is quoted "Being around football players and coaches has been my life and that's why I am coming out of retirement, I will do whatever I can to help the players and coaches at Utah be successful and I am excited to get back out on the football field."<mask> retired on December 30, 2016 after 47 years of coaching. Alliance of American Football
In 2018, <mask> was named the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, a team part of the Alliance of American Football, set to play in 2019. On April 2, 2019 the AAF suspended operations, and went bankrupt on April 17. <mask> and his wife, Marilyn, have two sons: Bryce and Ryan. Erickson hired Bryce to the Arizona State staff, as a graduate assistant for his first two seasons. In 2012, Bryce became the head coach at South Albany High School in Albany, Oregon. Later that year, he was hired as an assistant coach for Idaho.Head coaching record

College

NFL

AAF

See also
 List of college football head coaches with non-consecutive tenure

References

Further reading
"Out of Everett," The Seattle Times' Pacific Magazine, Sunday, August 13, 1995, p. 12-17. External links
 Utah profile

1947 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Arizona State Sun Devils football coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs football coaches
Idaho Vandals football coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
Montana State Bobcats football coaches
Montana State Bobcats football players
Oregon State Beavers football coaches
Salt Lake Stallions coaches
San Francisco 49ers head coaches
San Jose State Spartans football coaches
Seattle Seahawks head coaches
Utah Utes football coaches
Washington State Cougars football coaches
Wyoming Cowboys football coaches
High school football coaches in Montana
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Everett, Washington
People from Ferndale, Washington
Players of American football from Washington

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title: Mimi Smith (artist)

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<mask> (born May 13, 1942) is an American visual artist. She is a pioneer in early feminist and conceptual art focusing on clothing sculpture and drawing installation. She lives and works in New York City. Early life and education
Born in Brookline Massachusetts, <mask> spent her early years in Boston. In 1949, her family moved to Milton, Massachusetts where she grew up. She attended the Massachusetts College of Art and graduated with a BFA degree in 1963. In May of the same year, she moved to New York City.<mask> enrolled in Rutgers University and received a MFA degree in 1966. Artwork

Clothes sculptures
During her graduate studies at Rutgers, <mask> began making sculpture that utilized clothing as both content and form. <mask>’s early works were prescient of feminist and clothing art and predicted the feminist artists fascination with clothing as an extension of the body. Using the autobiographical as a point of departure, her work often parallels everyday moments. In 1965, she produced Recycle Coat, Model Dress and Bikini. These works were made of plastic, an important material for <mask>. In 1966, she produced a room-size installation called The Wedding for her thesis show at Rutgers University.Designed as a plastic box that viewers were not permitted to enter, it contained a plastic wedding gown with a thirty-foot train. Within the next year she was to create her signature piece Steel Wool Peignoir. About the piece <mask> said, “Growing up in the 1950s, I associated peignoirs [with] storybook romance… steel wool, however, was the stuff of everyday life… I felt that [the materials] combined the reality of my life with the romance of what I thought it would be”. That same year she made Maternity Dress and Girdle. These pieces were also prescient in their acknowledgment that fashion is part of what helps to construct women’s individual and social identities. In 1968 <mask> made a conceptual piece about her own pregnancy that played on the idea of knitting baby clothes. Knit Baby was conceived as a knit-your-own-baby kit, with instructions to enable any woman, or man, to knit themselves a baby.Knotted thread and tapemeasure drawings

<mask> moved with her husband and two children from New York City to Cleveland, Ohio in the early 1970s. During this time, <mask> created a series of wall drawings that replicated furniture, architectural features, and rooms in her home using knotted thread and tape measures to mark their precise dimensions. With this series, <mask> used the fundamental parameters of conceptual art to tell her own story. When exhibited, the individual works are arranged on gallery walls in a ghostly reproduction of the domestic sphere. In a review of <mask>’s solo show at Kustera Tilton Gallery in 1999, art critic <mask> wrote “These wall drawings combine elements of high conceptualism with instant accessibility and a feminist viewpoint”. Installation art and artist books

<mask> and her family moved back to New York City in the mid 1970s. At this time, <mask>’s work began to focus on installations and drawings about television news, the environment and nuclear threat.Installations ranged in size and included individual drawings hung directly on the wall to ten-foot tall paper houses suspended from the ceiling. These works often included audio of the artist reciting the daily news accompanied by her own phrases. Simultaneously, she began making artists books and in 1983 she published This is a Test with Visual Studies Workshop. This is a Test was produced in an edition of 700 and deals with nuclear disaster told through television news. Recent clothes and drawings

From the 1990s to the present, <mask> has returned to clothing sculpture producing pieces that comment on the lives of women in the workplace and the military (Slave Ready Corporate, 1993, To Die For, 1991, and Camouflage Maternity Dress, 2004) as well as illness, the environment and aging (Protectors Against Illness, and Coverings for an Environmental Catastrophe). Continuing with her drawing practice, <mask>’s ongoing series, Timelines tracks the aging process of a woman through her clothes. Consisting of individual drawings displayed in a line, each Timeline depicts a specific article of clothing viewed from birth to seventy-nine, the average life expectancy of a woman.Exhibitions, grants, writings

<mask> has exhibited extensively throughout the United States and internationally. Her many exhibits include a retrospective ‘Steel Wool Politics’ at the ICA Philadelphia, a survey show at Ramapo College, NJ, and solo shows at Anna Kustera Gallery, NYC; Group shows ‘WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution’ at LA MOCA, ‘Building Blocks’ at RISD Museum, ‘Artwear’ at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,  ‘Addressing the Century, 100 Years of Art and Fashion’ at the Haywood Gallery, London, Committed to Print at MoMA, NYC, and at many other museums. She has been the recipient of grants from the National Endowment of the Arts, the New York Foundation on the Arts and the Joan Mitchell Foundation. Among the many publications that have written about her work are Artforum, Art in America, Art News, Frieze, and Time Out magazines, as well as The New York Times, Dallas Morning News, and several books. 159–179 photos
Art Journal, Spring 1995, Women’s Work: A lineage 1966-94, Nina Felshin, <mask>, p.72
Art in America, Nancy Princenthal, Reviews, Philadelphia, “<mask> at the Institute for Contemporary Art”, November, 1994, p. 135-6 photo
The New Art Examiner, Jude Schwendenwein, Reviews, Pennsylvania, “<mask>, Institute of Contemporary Art”, October, 1994, p. 38
Woman’s Art Journal, Robin Rice, Review, “<mask>: Steel Wool Politics,” Spring/Summer 1996, pp. 58–59
Bound and Unbound, “<mask>, Books and Small Objects”, catalogue essay “A Sense of Time” by Barbara Moore, 1990
The Dallas Morning News, Janet Kutner, “Art Alert-This is TV-Tune Out-Your Minds”, Nov.28, 1980, p. 1C,
Catalogue: “<mask> Smith: Television Drawings”, 1980, essay by Paul Rogers Harris, Director, The Art Center, Waco, TX
"This is A Test", Mimi Smith, 1983, published by Visual Studies Workshop, Rochester, NY, offset book, 42p, edition of 700,
Mimi Smith, Brooklyn Museum Feminist Art Base, Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art
Ana Kustera Gallery "Mimi Smith"\
National Museum of Women in the Arts "Mimi Smith"

Living people
1942 births
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Sculptors from Massachusetts
People from Milton, Massachusetts
Massachusetts College of Art and Design alumni
Rutgers University alumni
American women sculptors
21st-century American women artists
Recycled art artists

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