title: Mike Campbell (musician)

texts:
<mask> (born February 1, 1950) is an American guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. <mask> was a member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and co-wrote many of the band's hits with Petty, including "Refugee", "Here Comes My Girl", "You Got Lucky", and "Runnin' Down a Dream". Outside of The Heartbreakers, he has worked as a session guitarist and songwriter with a number of other acts, including composing and playing on the Don Henley hit "The Boys of Summer", as well as working on most of Stevie Nicks's solo albums. <mask>, along with Neil Finn, joined Fleetwood Mac to replace lead guitarist Lindsey Buckingham on their world tour in 2018–2019. On November 11, 2011, Rolling Stone magazine named <mask> to their top 100 guitarists coming in at number 79. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002 as a member of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers. Early years
<mask> was born in Panama City, Florida.He grew up there and in Jacksonville, Florida, where he graduated from Jean Ribault High School in 1968. At the age of 16, his mother bought him his first guitar, a Harmony acoustic model which he later described as "unplayable", from a pawnshop. His first electric guitar was a $60 Guyatone, but playing a friend's Gibson SG (a model <mask> would not own himself for many years) was a transformative experience. Like Tom Petty, <mask> drew his strongest influences from The Byrds and Bob Dylan, with additional inspiration coming from guitarists such as Scotty Moore, Luther Perkins, George Harrison, Carl Wilson, Jerry Garcia, Roger McGuinn, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Jimmy Page, Mick Taylor, and Neil Young. The first song he learned to play was "Baby Let Me Follow You Down," a song which appeared on Dylan's eponymous debut album. He formed a band named Dead or Alive which quickly disbanded. <mask> met Tom Petty through drummer Randall Marsh.Marsh was auditioning to be in Petty's band Mudcrutch and learned that Mudcrutch had recently lost their guitarist. He suggested that Petty try <mask>, who was his roommate and had actually been listening to the conversation in the next room. <mask> impressed Petty with his version of Johnny B. Goode and was offered a spot in the band. Mudcrutch became a very popular act around Gainesville and north Florida in the early 1970s. They relocated to Los Angeles in 1974 and signed a record deal with Shelter Records, but released only one poor-selling single and broke up soon after. Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers

In 1976, <mask> rejoined Petty to found Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers with former Mudcrutch member Benmont Tench (keyboards) along with Ron Blair (bass guitar) and Stan Lynch (drums). Like the other players in the Heartbreakers, <mask> avoids the virtuoso approach to playing, preferring to have his work serve the needs of each song.<mask> co-produced the Heartbreakers albums Southern Accents, Pack Up the Plantation: Live!, Let Me Up (I've Had Enough), Into the Great Wide Open, Songs and Music from "She's the One", Echo, The Last DJ, The Live Anthology and Mojo, as well as the Petty solo albums Full Moon Fever, Wildflowers, and Highway Companion. <mask> collaborated, recorded, and toured with Tom Petty for almost 50 years. His last live performance with the Heartbreakers was on September 25, 2017, at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles. Tom Petty died unexpectedly about one week later, on October 2. Other projects

Outside the Heartbreakers, <mask> has co-written and performed on songs including "The Boys of Summer" and "Heart of the Matter" with Don Henley. Other songwriting and performance credits include songs for the Blue Stingrays, Johnny Cash, Fleetwood Mac, Lone Justice, Roger McGuinn, Tracy Chapman, Warren Zevon, George Harrison, Stevie Nicks, John Prine, Bob Dylan, Restless Sleeper, Patti Scialfa, Brian Setzer, J. D. Souther, Jackson Browne, The Williams Brothers and Robin Zander. He produced four songs on Roy Orbison's Mystery Girl album and played guitar on The Wallflowers' "6th Avenue Heartache," as well as "My Sweet Passion", theme of Amy Rose from Sonic Adventure.In 2004, he recorded the guitar solo for the song "Los Angeles Is Burning" from the punk rock band Bad Religion's The Empire Strikes First album. In 2010 he recorded the solo for the song "Cyanide" on their 2010 album The Dissent of Man. In 2007, he joined a reformed Mudcrutch with Petty, Tench, Tom Leadon and Randall Marsh. In 2008, he played banjo on the track "Love Song" from the album ...Earth to the Dandy Warhols... by The Dandy Warhols. He played guitar and mandolin on Bob Dylan's 2009 album Together Through Life. On April 9, 2018, Fleetwood Mac announced that <mask> would be joining the band along with Neil Finn to replace lead guitarist Lindsey Buckingham for their coming world tour. The Dirty Knobs
While in the Heartbreakers, <mask> was lead singer and guitarist with a side band, the Dirty Knobs, with guitarist Jason Sinay, drummer Matt Laug and bassist Lance Morrison."It's rougher-edged [than Petty's material]," <mask> says of the group. "It's slightly over-driven, less polished, lots of Sixties influence: The Kinks, Led Zeppelin, The Animals. It's something I probably should have done a long time ago, but I didn't 'cause I was wrapped up in the Heartbreakers." They released a single, "Feelin' High", in 2010. The band released the title track from its debut album, Wreckless Abandon, in January 2020, followed by the album itself in March of that year. The album was produced by <mask> and George Drakoulias, who, with Tom Petty, produced Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers’ The Last D.J. The cover art was by Klaus Voormann, who created the cover of The Beatles Revolver.In the summer of 2021 the band released a new single, a cover of J.J. Cale's "Humdinger". (Arista Records, 1985)

With Jackson Browne
 I'm Alive (Elektra Records, 1993)
 Looking East (Elektra Records, 1996)

With Jennifer Holliday
 I'm on Your Side (Arista Records, 1991)

With Bob Seger
 The Fire Inside (Capitol Records, 1991)

With Tom Petty
 Full Moon Fever (MCA Records, 1989)
 Wildflowers (Warner Bros. Records, 1994)
 Highway Companion (Warner Bros. Records, 2006)

With John Prine
 The Missing Years (Oh Boy Records, 1991)

With Neil Diamond
 12 Songs (Columbia Records, 2005)
 Home Before Dark (Columbia Records, 2008)
 Dreams (Columbia Records, 2010)

With Dixie Chicks
 Taking the Long Way (Columbia Nashville, 2006)

References

External links
The Dirty Knobs - <mask>'s side-band. DMC TV <mask> - <mask>'s custom Duesenberg guitar. "Rig Rundown - Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers’ <mask>," by Jason Shadrick for Premier Guitar, January 27, 2013. Long-form interview with <mask> on the Myth vs. Craft podcast. 1950 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Lead guitarists
Record producers from Florida
People from Panama City, Florida
People from Jacksonville, Florida
Guitarists from Florida
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers members
Mudcrutch members
Fleetwood Mac members
20th-century American guitarists

masks:
Michael Wayne Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Mike Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Mike Campbell
Mike Campbell
Campbell
Mike Campbell
Mike Campbell


title: Penelope Peterson

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> is an American educational psychologist and academic administrator. <mask> was named Dean of Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy in September 1997 and previously served as University Distinguished Professor of Education at Michigan State University and Sears-Bascom Professor of Education at University of Wisconsin–Madison. She also served as president of the American Education Research Association (1996–1997). <mask> was one of the first females to receive her bachelor's degree in psychology and philosophy from Iowa State University in 1971, and she received a Ph.D. in psychological studies in education from the Stanford Graduate School of Education in 1976. She remains Eleanor R. Baldwin Professor of Education. <mask>'s books include Restructuring in the Classroom: Teaching, Learning, and School Organization (with Richard Elmore and Sarah McCarthey) and Learning from Our Lives: Women, Research, and Autobiography in Education (with Anna Neumann). <mask>'s areas of expertise include (1) learning and teaching in schools and classrooms, particularly in literacy and mathematics; (2) student and teacher learning in reform contexts; and (3) relations among educational research, policy and practice.Academic awards and positions
In 1986, the American Educational Research Association (AERA) gave <mask> its Raymond B. Cattell Early Award, citing her research into effective teaching and learning. From 1996-1997, <mask> served as AERA President. As president, she led an effort to make educational research more accessible to teachers, administrators, and policy makers. In [years needed], <mask> participated in the United States National Academy of Sciences Study Panel on the "Science of Learning." The panel's work culminated in production of "How People Learn," a monograph that integrated research on cognition, cognitive neuroscience, learning, and the design of effective educational environments. In addition, <mask> is a fellow of the American Psychological Association and the American Psychological Society. International initiatives
From May 13–16, 2009, <mask> traveled to Beijing, China with Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley, as part of a cultural and business exchange between the Chinese capital and the Second City.The trip included a meeting with China's Minister of Education and visits to a technical junior high school and high school. According to <mask>, the trip led her to consider expanding SESP's international initiatives because of the importance for Northwestern students of connecting with their counterparts abroad, in particular with China. In February 2009, <mask> presented research at “The Internationalization of Education Research: How Will It Affect Teacher Education Programs?”, an AERA-sponsored forum. Her participation in the forum reflects the trend toward international studies of teacher preparation and student learning. In particular, the forum will focus on developing a new research organization with an international bent: the World Education Research Association (WERA). The WERA would help globalize education research into important aspects of learning and teaching, including assessment, accountability, studies of memory, and professional development. Works

Articles
<mask>, P. (1998, April 1).Why Do Educational Research? Rethinking Our Roles and Identities, Our Texts and Contexts. Educational Researcher, 27(3), 4-10. <mask>, P. (1993, September 1). Toward an Understanding of What We Know about School Learning. Review of Educational Research, 63(3), 319-26. <mask>, P., & Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, E. (1991, August 1).Revising Their Thinking: Keisha Coleman and Her Third-Grade Mathematics Class. Elementary Subjects Center Series, No. 49. <mask>, P. (1990, September 1). Doing More in the Same Amount of Time: Cathy Swift. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 12(3), 277-96. <mask>, P. (1990, September 1).The California Study of Elementary Mathematics. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 12(3), 257-61. Articles: co-authored
Neumann, A., Pallas, A., & <mask>, P. (2008, January 1). Exploring the Investment: Four Universities' Experiences with the Spencer Foundation's Research Training Grant Program—A Retrospective. Teachers College Record, 110(7), 1477-1503. Wilson, S., <mask>, P., & National Education Association, W. (2006, July 1). Theories of Learning and Teaching: What Do They Mean for Educators?Working Paper. National Education Association Research Department. Grant, S., <mask>, P., & Shojgreen-Downer, A. (1996, June 1). Learning To Teach Mathematics in the Context of Systemic Reform. American Educational Research Journal, 33(2), 509-41. <mask>, P., & Others, A.(1996, March 1). Learning from School Restructuring. American Educational Research Journal, 33(1), 119-53. <mask>, P., & Barnes, C. (1996, March 1). Learning Together: The Challenge of Mathematics, Equity, and Leadership. Phi Delta Kappan, 77(7), 485-91. Knapp, N., & <mask>, P. (1995, January 1).Teachers' Interpretations of CGI after Four Years: Meanings and Practices. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 26(1), 40-65. <mask>, P., Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, E., & Others, A. (1993, March 1). Elementary Teachers' Reports of Their Goals and Instructional Practices in Six School Subjects. Elementary Subjects Center Series No. 103.Knapp, N., Peterson, P., & Michigan State Univ., E. (1993, March 1). Understanding Learners' Understandings. Elementary Subjects Center Series No. 97. Knapp, N., Peterson, P., & Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, E. (1991, August 1). What Does CGI Mean to You? Teachers' Ideas of a Research-Based Intervention Four Years Later.Elementary Subjects Center Series, No. 48. <mask>, P., Fennema, E., & Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, E. (1991, July 1). Mathematics Teaching and Learning: Researching in Well-Defined Mathematical Domains. Proceedings from Michigan State University Conference (East Lansing, Michigan, October 4–8, 1989). Elementary Subjects Center Series, No. 40.<mask>, P., Center for the Learning and Teaching of Elementary Subjects, E., & Others, A. (1991, June 1). Profiles of Practice: Elementary School Teachers' Views of Their Mathematics Teaching. Elementary Subjects Center Series, No. 39. <mask>, P., & Others, A. (1991, March 1).Using Children's Mathematical Knowledge. <mask>, P., & Comeaux, M. (1990, March 1). Evaluating the Systems: Teachers' Perspectives on Teacher Evaluation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 12(1), 3-24. Books
<mask>, P. (1983, November). Social Context of Instruction: Group Organization and Group Processes. <mask>, P. ed.Review of Educational Research (Volume 55. Number 4. Winter 1985). Books: co-authored
Neumann, A., & <mask>, P. (1997, January 1). Learning from Our Lives: Women, Research, and Autobiography in Education. Elmore, R., <mask>, P., & McCarthey, S. (1996, January 1). Restructuring in the Classroom: Teaching, Learning, and School Organization.References

External links
 Northwestern University profile

Northwestern University faculty
Stanford University alumni
Iowa State University alumni
Living people
Stanford Graduate School of Education alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Penelope L
. Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson


title: Charlotte Casiraghi

texts:
<mask> (born 3 August 1986) is a Monégasque model, socialite, writer, editor, equestrian, journalist, film producer, and humanitarian. She is the second child and only daughter of Caroline, Princess of Hanover, and <mask>, an Italian industrialist. She is eleventh in line to the throne of Monaco. Her maternal grandparents were Rainier III, Prince of Monaco, and American actress Grace Kelly. She is named after her maternal great-grandmother, Princess <mask>, Duchess of Valentinois. Early life
<mask> was born in Princess Grace Hospital Centre in La Colle, Monaco on 3 August 1986 to Caroline, Princess of Hanover and <mask>. She was christened on 20 September 1986.Her godparents are Albina du Boisrouvray and <mask>'s brother-in-law, Massimo Bianchi. She has two brothers: Andrea (b. 1984) and Pierre (b. 1987). When she was four years old, her father was killed in a boating accident. After his death, Princess Caroline moved the family to the Midi village of Saint-Rémy-de-Provence  in France, with the intention of minimising their exposure to the press. In January 1999, <mask> gained a stepfather and two stepbrothers, (Prince Ernst of Hanover and Prince Christian of Hanover), when her mother married Ernst August, Prince of Hanover.Six months later, Casiraghi's half-sister, Princess Alexandra of Hanover, was born at a clinic in Vöcklabruck, Austria. Casiraghi is one of the godmothers to her sister. The family then moved to the Parisian suburb of Fontainebleau. From 2001 through 2004, as a member of Marcel Rozier's Team Marionnaud, Casiraghi participated in a number of Junior and Amateur class show jumping competitions. She was trained by his son Thierry Rozier. Education
From the ages of two to six, Casiraghi attended Les Dames de Saint Maur, which is part of the Catholic schools of François d'Assise Nicolas Barré in Monaco. At the age of six, she moved on to the École de la République (state school system) in Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.From 2000 to 2004 she attended the Lycée François-Couperin, Fontainebleau. She obtained an "excellent" (in French: très bien, the highest possible) mark on her baccalaureate exam in July 2004. After passing her bac, she enrolled in the hypokhâgne and khâgne course at the Lycée Fénelon, in St-Germain-des-Près, Paris, in the hope of entering the École normale supérieure (Paris). She took the written entrance exam for ENS in June 2006, but failed to make the list of candidates eligible to proceed to the oral exam. In 2007, Casiraghi earned a License of Philosophy (B.A.) from the University of Paris IV: Paris-Sorbonne; Casiraghi completed two internships, firstly with the publishing house of Robert Laffont in Paris, and then later from October 2007 with the Sunday magazine supplement of The Independent newspaper of London. In 2018, Casiraghi told Clara Le Fort of Billionaire magazine: "I continued studying philosophy while at the Sciences Po Doctoral School."Career

Fashion and modelling
In 2010, Casiraghi became the official ambassador for the equestrian collections of Gucci. In 2014, she became the face of Gucci Cosmetics. Casiraghi modelled for Yves Saint Laurent's campaign for its Fall 2018 collection, giving it the hashtag #YSL15. Casiraghi was photographed by David Sims to be the face of the campaign. Casiraghi modeled for the lens of Collier Schorr in the eighth issue of System magazine. In a gender fluid framework, Casiraghi modeled clothing from the Gucci menswear line. On 22 December 2020, Casiraghi became the brand ambassador of Chanel.She was the global face for Chanel's Spring/Summer 2021 campaign. In 2018, Casiraghi collaborated with Montblanc on a line of jewellery called Les Aimants and inspired by Nancy Cunard. Philosophy
In 2015, Casiraghi founded Les Rencontres Philosophiques de Monaco (literally, "Philosophical Encounters"). Her co-founders include her former teacher in Fontainebleau, the philosopher Robert Maggiori. The others founders are Joseph Cohen and Raphael Zagury-Orly. Her mother is among the many honorary members of the group, which is really a think tank on philosophy. They discuss contemporary issues and new publications in the field of philosophy.The writings and the life of Anne Dufourmantelle made a strong impact on <mask>, who wrote in particular about Dufourmantelle's book Défense du Secret in an article for Libération. <mask> and Dufourmantelle, who died in 2017, were friends, sharing, by the admission of Casiraghi herself, a passion for not only philosophy but for horses. Casiraghi wrote the preface for a book published in 2017 by the psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva. The two women also published their letters to each other, reflecting on philosophy. In March 2018, <mask> and Maggiori published their Kindle book, through Éditions du Seuil. The title is Archipel des Passions (Archipelago of the Passions). It is a series of dialogues between the professor and the student about the various passions (i.e.arrogance, joy, cruelty, love) and their affects. It is also "an essay on the passion of thought." The book is dedicated to her father and the passions explored amount to about forty. It "reads like a treatise of the passions." Equestrianism
In June 2009, Casiraghi, accompanied by her uncle Albert II, Prince of Monaco, appeared on the French television programme Stade 2 to speak about her recent enrollment in the Global Champions Tour. Since returning to the show jumping sport in April 2009 (after a four-year hiatus), she continues to train with Thierry Rozier. Casiraghi and the bay gelding named GI Joe (owner: Jan Tops), participated in the 2009 Global Champions Tour in Valencia, Spain, Monte Carlo, Cannes, Estoril, Rio de Janeiro, and Valkenswaard.Casiraghi continued participation in the Global Champions Tour throughout 2010. For the most part, she rode horses Troy (a chestnut stallion) and Tintero (a grey gelding). The GCT "Pro-Am Cup" (Professional-Amateur) relay was her original concept. It is a staple of the GCT Monaco event to this day. In 2010, she assumed the role of honorary president of the Global Champions Tour (now the Longines Global Champions Tour) in Monaco; her mother had been honorary president of the event as it existed prior to its inclusion in the Global Champions Tour. Since 2015, Casiraghi never participated in multiple phases of the Longines Global Champions Tour. After that year, she reduced her participation to the Monaco phase only.Journalism
<mask> is a published writer and magazine editor. Her credits include work for AnOther Magazine (its issue for January 2008) and the Sunday supplement to the British The Independent newspaper in the late months of 2007. She was the editor-at-large for Above magazine in 2009. With two friends, she left that role in order to focus on the founding of the ecological/fashion-related Ever Manifesto. Through her work as the editor-at-large for Above magazine, Casiraghi befriended Stella McCartney, whom she interviewed for the magazine's first issue. McCartney enlightened Casiraghi and readers as to the many ways the fashion industry can harm the ecosystem. Also for Above, <mask> was reported in Women's Wear Daily as being  "instrumental in securing an interview with Gomorrah author Roberto Saviano (which took place in hiding thanks to Saviano's dissection of the Mafia)."On 21 September 2009, <mask> announced plans to publish 3,000 copies of Ever Manifesto, a free publication on what she considers the fashion industry's harmful impact on the global environment and to promote sustainability in fashion. Casiraghi revealed that her collaborators with the Loro Piana-funded project are the socialite Alexia Niedzielski and advertising executive Elizabeth von Guttman. She also revealed that the environmentally conscious designer Stella McCartney, as well as her own uncle Prince Albert II, greatly enlightened and influenced her. Specifically, she said: "It's only recently that I've questioned the way that I've been consuming. I haven't been as conscious as I should have been." The debut issue of Ever Manifesto was distributed free at the 10 Corso Como boutique during Milan Fashion Week and again at Colette in Paris during Paris Fashion Week. Casiraghi explained that the magazine will not have a predetermined publication schedule."We want to publish when we have something to say or people to support," she said. "It will be short and meaningful so that people will read it." The day after the publication of her La Stampa interview, 22 September, Casiraghi joined her partners, Niedzielski and Guttman, at the gallery of Michelangelo Pistoletto, in the town of Biella, in the Italian region of Piedmont. Along with the artist and the Vogue Italia editor-in-chief Franca Sozzani, Casiraghi unveiled plans for Ever Manifesto and the Città dell'arte Fashion: Bio Ethical Sustainable Trend. In October 2009, Casiraghi was a guest at the Stella McCartney show in Paris. Sitting in the front row with Dasha Zhukova, Paul McCartney and Gwyneth Paltrow, she told Women's Wear Daily about Ever Manifesto. Copies of the magazine's first issue were left on the seats before the show."We will announce [succeeding issues] on the website soon," she said. Casiraghi contributed to the October 2009 issue of 20, the free newspaper of Alex Dellal's gallery, 20 Hoxton Square Projects. Film
<mask> founded Swoon Productions in 2012 that focused on equestrian films. In 2014, Casiraghi bought the rights to the book Our Lady of the Nile, which was released as a feature film in 2020, in which she was one of the producers. Philanthropy
Casiraghi is a private citizen, but occasionally attends official functions in Monaco, such as a fundraising gala for AMADE Mondiale and Nelson Mandela's foundation in September 2007. In 2006, she made her debut appearance at Monaco's Rose Ball (in French: Bal de la Rose), which also raises money for the Princess Grace Foundation. In 2015, she joined the board of directors of FXB France, an organization founded by her godmother Albina du Boisrouvray in 1989 to combat AIDS and poverty.As a child, she was Monegasque delegate to the Club des Habits Rouges. At the same time, her grandfather Rainier III, Prince of Monaco designated her patron of the Public Safety Division in Monaco. Personal life
At the age of 16, Casiraghi was named number ten on a list of the world's most eligible young women. Vanity Fair selected Casiraghi as one of the International Best Dressed List of 2006. Casiraghi is often photographed at fashion shows, art exhibits, and equestrian events. In December 2011, Casiraghi started dating stand-up comedian and actor Gad Elmaleh. Their son, Raphaël, was born on Tuesday, 17 December 2013.As Raphaël's parents were not married, he is not included in the line of succession to the Monegasque throne. The couple split in June 2015. In March 2018, several credible media sources reported her engagement to Dimitri Rassam, the son of French actress Carole Bouquet, and it was widely noted that she wore a diamond ring at Monaco's Rose Ball on 24 March. Casiraghi was visibly pregnant by the summer and the couple chose to postpone a wedding until after the birth of their child. On 23 October 2018, Casiraghi gave birth to a second child, a son named Balthazar. The couple married civilly at the Prince's Palace of Monaco on 1 June 2019. They celebrated in a reception at nearby hotel Villa La Vigie.On 29 June 2019, they married religiously at the Abbey of Sainte-Marie de Pierredon, outside Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. Publications
Archipel des Passions (H.C. ESSAIS). By <mask> and Robert Maggiori. Published by Éditions du Seuil, 1 March 2018. Everlution. Ever Manifesto. First Issue.October 2009. Ever Bamboo. Ever Manifesto. Second Issue. June 2011. See also
 Ever Manifesto
 Global Champions Tour

External links

 Philo Monaco website
 Palais Princier de Monaco (official)
 Lycée François Couperin
 Hello! Profile: <mask>hi

References

1986 births
House of Grimaldi
Living people
University of Paris alumni
Monegasque people of Irish descent
Monegasque people of Italian descent
Monegasque people of American descent
Monegasque female equestrians
Monegasque show jumping riders
Kelly family
Monegasque writers
Magazine writers
Magazine editors
Royalty and nobility models

masks:
Charlotte Marie Pomeline Casiraghi
Stefano Casiraghi
Charlotte
Charlotte Casiraghi
Stefano Casiraghi
Stefano Casiraghi
Charlotte
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Casiraghi
Charlotte Casiraghi
Charlotte Casirag


title: Willie Taggart

texts:
<mask> (born August 27, 1976) is an American football college coach who is the head coach at Florida Atlantic University (FAU). <mask> had most recently previously served as the head coach at Florida State University. He has held the head coach position at four other NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision programs:  Western Kentucky (2009 to 2012 seasons);  South Florida (2013 to 2016 seasons);  Oregon (2017 season);  and Florida State (2018 season and part of the 2019 season—through November 3, 2019). At all four schools, he was the first African-American to be hired as the head coach. Playing career

High school career
<mask> was a prep standout at Manatee High School in Bradenton, Florida, where he was a first team all-state and all-conference selection as a senior after guiding the Hurricanes to the state 5A Championship game. He helped lead the football team to the state title his junior season and helped the school post a 26–4 record during that two-year span, while recording more than 3,000 yards passing and 975 yards on the ground. College career
After high school, <mask> became a star quarterback for the Western Kentucky University (WKU) Hilltoppers from 1995 through 1998, being one of only three WKU players in the previous 50 years to be a four-year starter at the position and one of only four Hilltoppers players to have his jersey retired.In each of his last two collegiate seasons, he was a finalist for the prestigious Walter Payton Award, which is an honor given annually to the top offensive player in I-AA football. <mask> finished fourth in the balloting in 1997 and seventh as a senior the following year. An All-American as a senior, he was also the 1998 I-AA Independents’ Offensive Player of the Year. <mask> was recruited to WKU by Jim Harbaugh to play for his father, Jack Harbaugh. Coaching career

Early coaching years
After graduating from WKU in 1998, <mask> stayed on at the school as an assistant through 2006, serving as co-offensive coordinator under Jack Harbaugh on the Hilltoppers' 2002 Division I-AA national champions. He also worked alongside Harbaugh's son Jim, who had been an unpaid certified assistant coach under his father in the final years of his NFL career. When Jim Harbaugh was named head coach of the Stanford Cardinal football team following the 2006 season, he hired <mask> as his running backs coach.<mask> served in that role for the next two seasons, developing Doak Walker Award winner and Heisman runner-up Toby Gerhart into a star during that time. The younger Harbaugh also gave <mask> responsibility for recruiting in <mask>'s home state of Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, and Riverside County, California. Western Kentucky (2010–2012)
In 2010, <mask> left his position at Stanford as the running backs coach in order to become the head football coach of his alma-mater, Western Kentucky. In their first year under <mask>, the Hilltoppers broke a 26-game losing streak while finishing the season with a record of 2–10. In 2011, <mask> led WKU to a 7–5 season, where the Hilltoppers lost the first 4 games of the season, but then won 7 of their last 8 games. Although having a winning record, they were not invited to a bowl game that year. In 2012, <mask> led WKU once again to a bowl-eligible record of 7–5.The Hilltoppers accepted an invitation to play Central Michigan in the Little Caesars Bowl on December 26, 2012, on ESPN. However, <mask> did not coach in this bowl game having already accepted the head coaching position of the South Florida Bulls on December 7, 2012. South Florida (2013–2016)

On December 7, 2012, <mask> took over as head coach at the University of South Florida in his native Tampa Bay area. In his first season, <mask> led the Bulls to a 2–10 season. The following season, <mask>'s team doubled the number of wins and finished with a 4–8 record. During the off-season, <mask> made several personnel changes, including replacing the offensive and defensive coordinators. The change of schemes as well as the development of his first two recruiting classes provided the team with much needed energy and depth of positions.In 2015, led by conference leaders quarterback Quinton Flowers and running back Marlon Mack, the Bulls started the season 1–3 before finishing the regular season with a record of 8–5 and earning bowl eligibility for the first time in five years. The Bulls lost to WKU in the Miami Beach Bowl. In 2016, the Bulls went 10–2 and won a share of the AAC East division. This was the Bulls first double digit win season in school history. Oregon (2017)

On December 7, 2016, the University of Oregon announced <mask> as the Ducks' new head coach, replacing the fired Mark Helfrich. In January 2017, three Oregon football players were hospitalized after grueling military-style workouts. Multiple sources described the workouts to the Oregonian as "akin to military basic training, with one said to include up to an hour of continuous push-ups and up-downs."<mask> personally visited the ill and hospitalized players to wish them a speedy recovery. "I have visited with the three young men involved in the incidents in the past few days and I have been in constant contact with their families, offering my sincere apologies,” <mask> said in the statement. “As the head football coach, I hold myself responsible for all of our football-related activities and the safety of our students must come first. I have addressed the issue with our strength and conditioning staff, and I fully support the actions taken today by the university. I want to thank our medical staff and doctors for caring for all of our young men, and I want to apologize to the university, our students, alumni and fans.”

<mask>'s hiring at Oregon drew attention to the low number of African American head coaches in major college football (14 out of 128 schools). The hiring came several years after Oregon’s passing of House Bill 3118, which requires state-funded schools to interview qualified minority candidates for top coaching and athletic administration positions. Oregon went 7-5 overall and 4-5 in the Pac-12 in 2017 with <mask> at the reins.The Ducks beat Nebraska, Arizona and rival Oregon State. They were bested by UCLA, Stanford, Washington State, and suffered a 38-3 blowout loss to rival Washington. Additionally, the Ducks lost The Las Vegas Bowl to Boise State on December 16 with Mario Cristobal at the helm after <mask> accepted the position at Florida State. Florida State (2018–2019)
On December 5, 2017, <mask> accepted the head coaching job at Florida State, replacing Jimbo Fisher. In his first season, the Seminoles finished 5-7, their first losing season on the field since 1976, Bobby Bowden's first year. They were not invited to a bowl for the first time since the end of the 1981 season, breaking the longest active bowl appearance streak in FBS. Florida State fans were not used to staying home for bowl season, and there were numerous calls for <mask>'s firing.However, school president John Thrasher and athletic director Dave Coburn voiced confidence in <mask>. According to a story in Bleacher Report, Florida State had bottomed out in 2018 due in part to cultural problems dating from Fisher's tenure. In particular, <mask> was stunned at the football team's casual approach to academics. When he arrived, Florida State had the worst Academic Progress Rate in FBS, and was on the brink of an automatic bowl ban, which further complicated his efforts to rebuild the program. Following a 4-5 start to the 2019 season, <mask> was fired during mid-season in November 2019. For the removal of <mask>, Florida State had to pay over $20M in buyouts, including about $18M to <mask> after the firing and over $4M paid to Oregon at his hiring ($3M to end <mask>'s contract with Oregon and additional $1.3M Oregon still owe South Florida for hiring <mask> away). Florida Atlantic (2020–present)
On December 11, 2019, two days after Lane Kiffin resigned from FAU and accepted the head coach position at Ole Miss, FAU announced the hiring of <mask> as the school's next head coach.The 5-year contract would pay <mask> $750,000 annually with a $3M buyout if <mask> leaves before December 1, 2022. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Taneshia, have two sons, <mask>. and Jackson, and one daughter, Morgan. Head coaching record

* <small>Departed Western Kentucky for South Florida before bowl game <small>

* <small>Departed South Florida for Oregon before bowl game <small>

* <small>Departed Oregon for Florida State before bowl game <small>

Notes

References

External links
 Florida Atlantic profile
 Florida State profile

1976 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Florida Atlantic Owls football coaches
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
South Florida Bulls football coaches
Oregon Ducks football coaches
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football players
Sportspeople from Bradenton, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople

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Willie Author Taggart
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Willie Jr


title: Henry Savile (Bible translator)

texts:
<mask> (30 November 154919 February 1622) was an English scholar and mathematician, Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and Provost of Eton. He endowed the Savilian chairs of Astronomy and of Geometry at Oxford University, and was one of the scholars who translated the New Testament from Greek into English. He was a Member of the Parliament of England for Bossiney in Cornwall in 1589, and Dunwich in Suffolk in 1593. Life

He was the son of <mask> of Over Bradley, Stainland, near Halifax, West Yorkshire, England, a member of an old county family, the Saviles of Methley, and of his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Ramsden. He was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1561. He then became a Fellow of Merton College in 1565. He established a reputation as a Greek scholar and mathematician by voluntary lectures on Ptolemy's Almagest, and in 1575 became Junior Proctor of the university.In 1578 he travelled on the continent of Europe, where he collected manuscripts, and is said to have been employed by Queen Elizabeth as her resident in the Low Countries. On his return he was named Greek tutor to the Queen. In 1583, Lord Burghley appointed Savile, with John Chamber and Thomas Digges, to sit on a commission to consider whether England should adopt the Gregorian calendar, as proposed by John Dee. In 1585 he was established as Warden of Merton by a vigorous exercise of the interest of Burghley and Secretary Walsingham. He proved a successful and autocratic head of house, generally unpopular with Fellows and undergraduates, but under him the college flourished. His translation of four books of the Histories of Tacitus, with the learned Commentary on Roman Warfare (1591), enhanced his reputation. He also sat in Parliament as one of the two members for Bossiney in 1589 and for Dunwich (both were notorious rotten boroughs) in 1593.On 26 May 1596 he obtained the provostship of Eton College, the reward of persistent begging. He was not qualified for the post under the statutes of the college, for he was not in holy orders, and the Queen was reluctant to name him. Savile insisted with considerable ingenuity that the Queen had a right to dispense with statutes, and at last he got his way. In February 1601 he was put under arrest on suspicion of having been concerned in the rebellion of the Earl of Essex. He was soon released, and his friendship with the faction of Essex went far to gain him the favour of James I. So no doubt did the views he had maintained in regard to the statutes of Eton. It may have been to his advantage that his elder brother, Sir John Savile (1545–1607), was a high prerogative lawyer and one of the barons of the exchequer, who in 1606 affirmed the right of the King to impose import and export duties on his own authority.On 30 September 1604 Savile was knighted, and in that year he was named one of the body of scholars appointed to prepare the Authorised Version of the Bible. He was entrusted with parts of the Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles and the Book of Revelation. In 1619 he founded and endowed a chair in astronomy and a chair in geometry at Oxford, both bearing his name. He died at Eton on 19 February 1622, and is buried there. A fine mural monument to him in Merton College Chapel offers views of contemporary Merton and Eton and references to his literary achievements (notably Chrysostom). Sir <mask> has sometimes been confounded with another <mask>, called Long Harry (1570–1617), who gave currency to the forged addition to the Chronicle of Asser which contains the story that King Alfred founded the University of Oxford. Works

In 1596 Savile produced the first printed edition of the first four books of the Gesta Pontificum Anglorum – an ecclesiastical history of England written by William of Malmesbury in the early 12th century.Savile used Cambridge University Library MS Ff.1.25.1 as his source for this, which was a copy of a copy of the original manuscript. His edition of the works of St. John Chrysostom in eight folio volumes was published in 1610–1613. It was printed by the king's printer on a private press erected at the expense of Sir <mask>, who imported the type. The Chrysostom cost him £8000 and did not sell well. However, it was the most considerable work of pure learning undertaken in England, as it involved consulting French Chrysostomians and the despatching of young researchers to the Imperial Library in Vienna and the Patriarchal Library at Heybeliada or Halki, (then under the Ottoman Empire) and other leading monasteries and/or collections in his time. At the same press he published an edition of the Cyropaedia in 1618. Savile was keen to impart his understanding of mathematics to his students at Oxford, and in founding the Geometry chair he gave thirteen preparatory lectures on the original books of Euclid's Elements in 1620.These were published in 1621 as his Praelectiones tresdecim in principium elementorum Euclidis, Oxonii habitae MCDXX. Oxonii: Excudebant Iohannes Lichfield, & Iacobus Short, 1621. ('Thirteen introductory lectures on the beginning of the Elements of Euclid, held at Oxford in 1620'.) It was Savile who first traced the hand of Theon of Alexandria as a commentator on Euclid. The edition published in England, until then the only one containing all the extant works attributed to Euclid, was that of Dr David Gregory, published at Oxford in 1703, with the title, Εὐκλείδου τὰ σωζόμενα, Euclidis quae supersunt omnia. The parallel Greek text is that of the 1533 Basel edition by Simon Grynäus, corrected from Savile's 13th century Greek MSS. which Savile bequeathed to the Savilian Library, and from Savile's annotations in his own copy.The Latin translation, which accompanies the Greek on the same page, is for the most part that of Commandino. Collections

In 1619, after founding two lectureships in geometry and astronomy, Savile donated a library to the university. It was a collection of mathematical works, including the related subjects of optics, harmonics, mechanics, cosmography, the applied sciences of surveying, navigation, and fortification, and a quantity of fine printed books, primarily from the 16th century. Nearly all of the seventeenth-century Savilian professors added to the library. Dr. Peter Turner (Geometry Chair, 1631-48) bequeathed Greek manuscripts, John Greaves (Astronomy Chair, 1643-9) added some of his own papers. Part of the Savilian library might also have come from Dr. Seth Ward (Astronomy Chair, 1649-61) sometime after 1682. It was Sir Christopher Wren (Astronomy, 1661-1673), however, who gave the first extensive contribution to the library, leaving his astronomy and geometry books to it when he retired from the Chair.A catalogue of the Savile library appeared in Dr. Edward Bernard's (Astronomy chair, 1673-91) Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum Angliae and Hiberniae. Dr. John Wallis (Savilian professor, 1649-1704) gave the Savilian library 'the largest of its accretions', and many more were provided after his death in 1703. In the eighteenth century, not much more was added to Savile's collection, but later Stephen Rigaud (Geometry Chair, 1810-27; Astronomy, 1827-39) catalogued and contributed to it further. Rigaud died in 1839, and in 1874 his sons presented his scientific notebooks to the Savile library. In 1835 Savile's library was moved to the south-east corner of the Bodleian quadrangle, where it remained until 1884, when the Savilian professors agreed to hand over its administration to the Bodleian Library. Family
In 1592 he married Margaret, daughter of George Dacre, of Chesham. In 1604 their only son died, and Savile is thought to have been induced by this loss to devote the bulk of his fortune to the promotion of learning.His surviving child Elizabeth married Sir John Sedley and was mother of Sir Charles Sedley. His brother, <mask> (died 1593), was also a member of Merton College and had some reputation as a scholar. References

Notes

Citations

Sources

External links
 The Savilian Professorships, 1619, including image of <mask>'s funerary monument, from The Cabinet. 1549 births
1622 deaths
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Wardens of Merton College, Oxford
Translators of the King James Version
Provosts of Eton College
16th-century English translators
17th-century English people
English MPs 1589
English MPs 1593
Knights Bachelor
17th-century Anglican theologians
16th-century Anglican theologians

masks:
Sir Henry Savile
Henry Savile
Henry Sae
Henry Savile
Henry
Thomas Savile
Henry Savile


title: Richard P. Mills (general)

texts:
Lieutenant General <mask><mask> is a retired United States Marine Corps officer, who served as commander of the Marine Forces Reserve from 2013 to 2015 and Marine Forces North, headquartered at the Marine Corps Support Facility New Orleans. Previously he was Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration and Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command in Quantico, Virginia, and, prior to that assignment, was commander of the I Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward)/Regional Command Southwest in Afghanistan. Biography
A native of Huntington, New York, <mask> graduated from Franklin and Marshall College with a BA in political science and a minor in history and was commissioned in 1975 as a Second Lieutenant via Officer Candidate School. He reported to 1st Battalion, 5th Marines, 1st Marine Division at Camp Pendleton where he served until 1978. Following that he was assigned for a year to the 3rd Marine Division on Okinawa, Japan. From 1979 to 1982 he was part of the 2nd Recruit Training Battalion at Parris Island, South Carolina. Upon his promotion to Captain he assumed command of Company D, Recruit Training Regiment.Captain <mask> studied at the Amphibious Warfare School in Quantico, Virginia, then moved to the 6th Marines, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He was promoted to Major in 1986 and assigned to Marine Corps Headquarters in Washington, DC, from 1986 to 1989. He later attended the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, then spent a year as a Military Observer with the United Nations in Palestine. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and served as the Operations Officer of the 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) from 1993 to 1995. Following that he was assigned to the staff of the Commander of the United States Sixth Fleet in Gaeta, Italy. He returned to the 2nd Marine Division in 1997 when he assumed command of 3rd Battalion, 6th Marines. Lieutenant Colonel <mask> studied at the UK Royal College of Defence Studies in London in 1999. before returning to II Marine Expeditionary Force.He was selected to command the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit (Special Operations Capable) in 2000 and promoted to Colonel. Under his command the 24th MEU (SOC) deployed in Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo, Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan, and combat operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom as part of Task Force Tarawa. In June 2003 Colonel <mask> reported to Headquarters, United States European Command in Stuttgart, Germany as the Assistant Chief of Staff. Upon his promotion to Brigadier General in May 2004 he became the Deputy Director of Operations at EUCOM. In 2006 he was assigned to the Headquarters of the Marine Corps as Director, Manpower Management Division. In May 2007 Brigadier General <mask> became commander of the 1st Marine Division and spent most of the next two years in Iraq. He was promoted to Major General in late 2007 and from October 2007 to January 2009 served in a dual role as Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division and Commander, Ground Combat Element, Multi-national Forces – West in Al Anbar Province, Iraq.Upon his return from Iraq, Major General <mask> continued as Assistant Division Commander until July 2009 when he resumed command of the 1st Marine Division. In December 2009 Major General <mask> was selected to command the I Marine Expeditionary Force (Forward), deployed to Afghanistan in April 2010, and assumed command of all Marine combat units in the country. As part of a restructuring of the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan, Regional Command South (commanded by British Major General Nick Carter) was split into two commands. Carter remained in charge of Kandahar and <mask> became the commander of the newly formed Regional Command Southwest and took under command 8,000 of the 9,500 British troops in Afghanistan, as well as 20,000 U.S. Marines in Helmand Province. In Afghanistan, He made clear that his objective involved more than just victory on the battlefield. On the importance of training Afghan forces to succeed, he has been quoted as saying "We will be here with them as we develop the Afghan security forces to eventually take over our role, so we can leave," On the importance of not leaving Afghanistan until the country is ready, he has also been reported as saying the Afghans "have been very, very concerned we may leave them prematurely." After his return from Afghanistan, <mask> was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General in July 2011 and replaced Lieutenant General George Flynn as Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration and Commanding General, Marine Corps Combat Development Command in Quantico, VA.In August 2013, LtGen <mask> assumed command of Marine Forces Reserve and Marine Forces North, and served in this capacity until his retirement on October 1, 2015, after 40 years of active service. He currently serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of the Marine Corps University Foundation. Lieutenant General <mask> has a reputation for having a good sense of humor and being open to subordinates, officers have told reporters. Junior officers are "not afraid to approach him". Lt.<mask> is an avid fan of the New York Giants football team. Awards and decorations

Notes

References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the United States Marine Corps. External links

 Lieutenant General <mask><mask> Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration at USMC Manpower & Reserve Affairs website
 US Marine Commander Major-General <mask> tough but approachable at The Sunday Times Online (UK)
 British Troops in Afghanistan to get U.S.Commander at Thomson Reuters Foundation Alertnet
 Flag ceremony marks new command and control structure in southern Afghanistan
 Afghan Effort Fruitful but Fragile, Commander Says at Signon San Diego News
 Mills takes over helm of MCCDC

1950 births
Living people
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Iraq War
United States Marine Corps personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
People from Huntington, New York
United States Marine Corps generals
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Franklin & Marshall College alumni

masks:
Richard P
. Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
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Mills
Mills
Gen Mills
Richard P
. Mills
Richard Mills


title: Nile Kinnick

texts:
<mask>. (July 9, 1918 – June 2, 1943) was an American naval aviator, law student, and college football player at the University of Iowa. He won the 1939 Heisman Trophy and was a consensus All-American. He died during a training flight while serving as a United States Navy aviator in World War II. <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1951, and the University of Iowa renamed its football stadium Kinnick Stadium in his honor in 1972. Background
<mask>. was the son of <mask>. and Frances Clarke. He had two younger brothers, Ben and George. His maternal grandfather, George W. Clarke, graduated from the University of Iowa in 1878 and served two two-year terms as the Governor of Iowa from 1913 to 1917.<mask>'s parents were devoted to the teachings of Christian Science and helped <mask> develop values of discipline, hard work, and strong morals. <mask> was reportedly constantly thinking about self-improvement and working on turning personal weaknesses into strengths. <mask> was also a devout Christian Scientist, and regularly attended the Christian Science branch church in Iowa City, while he was a student at the university. Kinnick began showing athletic aptitude at a young age as well. As a youth, he played on a Junior Legion baseball team with the future major leaguer Bob Feller. At Adel High School, Kinnick led the football team to an undefeated season, and then he scored 485 points for the basketball team, leading them to the district finals. After his junior year of high school, the Kinnick family moved when <mask> Sr. took a job in Omaha, Nebraska.<mask> was a first-team all-state selection in both football and basketball as a senior, as he started for one year with his brother Ben at the Benson High School in Omaha. He led Benson to a third-place finish in the state basketball and to the city baseball championship. College career

Undergraduate years

Kinnick had always been an excellent student as well as an athletic leader, and he could have graduated in 1935, but his parents held him back a year to become thoroughly prepared for the university. He considered the University of Minnesota – how seriously is not clear – but he chose the University of Iowa. The struggles of the Iowa Hawkeyes football team might have attracted him. Verle Davis, Kinnick's football coach at Adel, recalled that "Kinnick was determined to go to some school that was down ... He didn't want to go to Minnesota, because they were on top ...He finally went to Iowa as he figured they were at their lowest ebb." The account is persuasive, because it was typical of Kinnick. To start from nothing and test himself against his own weakness as well as outside resistance were challenges Kinnick always pursued if they were available. He was recruited to Iowa by Coach Ossie Solem in 1936. Kinnick was named the co-captain of the freshman team. He also played baseball and basketball his freshman year. After the 1936 season, Solem left Iowa to go to Syracuse University, and the University of Iowa hired Irl Tubbs to replace him.As a sophomore, Kinnick was terrific, but the Hawkeyes just could not win. Iowa battled Washington, the eventual Pacific Coast Conference champions, to the wire in a 14–0 defeat and then scored an early victory over Bradley University. It was Iowa's only win of the year. But opponents raved about Kinnick. After scoring Iowa's only touchdown in a 13–6 loss to Wisconsin, Solem wrote the Des Moines Register sportswriter Sec Taylor from Syracuse, "I was sure that Kinnick was destined to be the greatest back in all Iowa history, and I am more convinced than ever that he will be." Iowa lost all five Big Ten Conference games in 1937. The "heartbreaking" loss was a 7–6 defeat at the hands of Michigan, despite Kinnick's 74-yard punt return for a touchdown.Sportswriter Bert McGrane wrote, "I can't recall a single break that favored Iowa ... You'd think Iowa would win the toss by accident once in a while." Iowa had not won the coin toss in 13 games. <mask>, the lone bright spot of the 1937 season, led the nation in punting and was named first team All-Big Ten and a third team All-American. <mask> played basketball, too, and he was Iowa's second leading scorer and the 15th leading scorer in the Big Ten his sophomore year in 1937–38. After a brief stint in baseball that summer, <mask> dropped the third sport. In 1938, he hurt his ankle in preseason football practice and was not at full strength for his entire junior year. Kinnick played through the pain, but it hampered his effectiveness.His Christian Science beliefs limited the amount of medical assistance that Kinnick allowed himself to receive from the team doctors, believing that his injury could be overcome by his reliance on prayer for healing. Kinnick was an honorable mention All-Big Ten selection his junior year in 1938. (It was later revealed that he had probably played the 1938 season with a broken ankle. Most contemporaries say that because of Christian Science religion he would not allow himself to be examined by a doctor. In fact, the Christian Science religion does not prohibit medical help, and leaves the choice whether to seek medical attention up to the individual. However, a teammate says that he did not go to a doctor because he had learned a different style of wrapping his ankle and did not want anyone else messing with it. He "went to a doctor when something was wrong with him.")He also declared that he would not participate in basketball in the upcoming year, citing personal concerns over his school work. After a 1–6–1 season, Irl Tubbs was fired at Iowa, and the doctor, Eddie Anderson, was now the head coach. <mask> was also a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at the University of Iowa during his undergraduate years. 1939 season

Before the 1939 season, Kinnick wrote, "For three years, nay for fifteen years, I have been preparing for this last year of football. I anticipate becoming the roughest, toughest all-around back yet to hit this conference." He also wrote, "I'm looking forward to showing Anderson what a real football player looks like – so hold your hats." Coach Anderson liked Kinnick immediately.He referred to all of his players by their last names, except <mask>, who was always "<mask>". Anderson favored student-athletes, because he felt that scholars made better players over the long run. He believed the 1939 team could be a good one, but only if the starters played significant minutes. Before the first game, the Des Moines Register had a small note stating that "a set of iron men may be developed to play football for Iowa." The 1939 Hawkeyes, nicknamed the "Ironmen", would become one of the greatest teams in school history. Many of Anderson's players played complete games during that season for the Hawkeyes. In 1939, Iowa finished the year ranked ninth in the AP Poll with a 6–1–1 record.<mask> threw for 638 yards and 11 touchdowns on only 31 passes and ran for 374 yards. He was involved in 16 of the 19 touchdowns (11 passing, 5 rushing) that Iowa scored and was involved in 107 of the 130 points that Iowa scored that year. He played 402 of a possible 420 minutes that season. All told, Kinnick set 14 school records, six of which still stand over 65 years later. At the end of the season, <mask> won virtually every major award in the country. He was a consensus First-Team All-American, and he appeared on every first team ballot to become the only unanimous selection in the AP voting. He won the Big Ten MVP award by the largest margin in history.He also won the Maxwell Award and the Walter Camp Memorial Trophy. <mask> even won the Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year, beating out such notables as Joe DiMaggio, Byron Nelson, and Joe Louis. He was the first college football player to win that award. On November 28, 1939, <mask> won the Heisman Trophy, becoming to date the only Iowa Hawkeye to win college football's most prestigious award. Heisman Trophy speech
Upon receiving the Heisman at the Downtown Athletic Club in New York City, Kinnick made the following statement during his acceptance speech:

Bill Cunningham of the Boston Post wrote in response, "This country's okay as long as it produces <mask>. The football part is incidental." AP reporter Whitney Martin wrote, "You realized the ovation (after his Heisman speech) wasn't alone for <mask>, the outstanding college football player of the year.It was also for <mask>, typifying everything admirable in American youth." Another observer said that <mask>'s remarks "tackled Demosthenes and threw Cicero for a 15-yard loss." The University of Iowa recently began playing an excerpt from the speech on the Kinnick Stadium scoreboard before "The Star-Spangled Banner" at every Hawkeye home game. Inconclusive claims

Minnesota tryout
<mask>'s college choice came down to Iowa and the University of Minnesota. Minnesota was one of the dominant college football programs in the nation, while Iowa was a struggling program. Some sources state that Kinnick traveled to Minneapolis for a tryout with the Gophers, but that the Gophers rejected him. Some even suggest that Minnesota's legendary coach, Bernie Bierman, stated himself that Kinnick was "too small and too slow" to play for Minnesota.Whether or not this tryout actually took place is unclear. Even as a high school student, Kinnick wrote many letters and kept meticulous journal entries, yet this alleged tryout with Minnesota is never referenced. Nor does <mask> ever mention the tryout during any of his journal entries or letters when he discusses one of his many games with Iowa against Minnesota. Also, by early 1937, Bierman called Kinnick "one of the finest young backs I have ever seen." That would represent a significant change of opinion on Bierman's part in a very short period of time. One author wrote, "When it was time for college, there was no doubt that <mask> would go to Iowa." The Universities of Iowa and Minnesota have been fierce rivals for a long time, and it is possible that the story of Kinnick's interest in Minnesota was embellished at some point, by fans of either school.Kinnick considered enrolling at Minnesota, but how seriously and whether he actually attended a football tryout is uncertain. Michigan confession
Another enduring story involves a game between Iowa and Michigan in the late 1930s for the Big Ten Conference title and/or a Rose Bowl berth. Iowa trailed by a few points and threatened to score the winning touchdown on the final play of the game. On the final play, Kinnick was stopped right at the goal line. The officials conferred to discuss if Kinnick had scored, and Kinnick approached the officials to inform them that he had been, in fact, stopped short of the goal, and Michigan went on to win the game. There are several inconsistencies with this story. First of all, Kinnick's Iowa teams only met Michigan twice, in 1937 and 1939, and at that time, the Big Ten did not send their champion to the Rose Bowl.The Big Ten title was not at stake during the 1937 game for either team, and Michigan did not win the Big Ten title in 1939, even with the victory over Iowa. In retrospect, Iowa could have won the 1939 Big Ten title with a win over Michigan, but Iowa lost the game 27–7, too large a margin for any last-minute Kinnick heroics. Iowa did lose the 1937 game at Michigan by a 7–6 score, but no written account of the game includes this controversial score. Apocryphal claims about <mask>'s "Michigan confession" likely are rooted in the 1940 Cornell - Dartmouth game. 1939 Notre Dame game
Iowa defeated Notre Dame in 1939, 7–6, in a game that many consider to be Kinnick's signature performance. Iowa's only touchdown was scored when <mask> switched to right halfback for the first time all season from his usual left halfback spot, and the Notre Dame defense was caught unprepared by the switch. Bill Reichardt, a terrific Iowa fullback who would later be named the Big Ten MVP in 1951, claimed that Al Couppee, Iowa's quarterback, was not in the game on that touchdown play.Reichardt describes the touchdown this way. "They originally called right halfback Buzz Dean's play in the huddle. But Dean said, 'I can't take it. I've got a separated shoulder.' Then they turned to Kinnick and said, 'Can you take it, <mask>?' Kinnick responded, 'I think I've got a couple of broken ribs on my right side, so let's run the play to the left

masks:
Nile Clarke Kinnick Jr
Kinnick
Nile Clarke Kinnick Jr
Nile Clarke Kinnick Sr
Nile
Nile
Nile
Nile
Nile Kinnick
Nile
Kinnick
Kinnick
Nile
Kinnick
Kinnick
Nile
Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Nile Kinnicks
Nile Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Kinnick
Nile
Kinnick
Nile Kinnick
Nile


title: Nile Kinnick

texts:
 side.'" This story regarding Kinnick's statement about broken ribs and with Kinnick, not Couppee, coming up with the idea for the switch to right halfback is particularly enduring.It is unlikely that Reichardt's story is true. His story is refuted by almost everyone on the 1939 Iowa team. Couppee states in his autobiography that he was indeed in the game for <mask>'s touchdown. Couppee called a rare huddle, in which Couppee called the play shifting Kinnick to the right halfback position. Teammates Erwin Prasse and George "Red" Frye substantiate Couppee's version, but neither of them refute that Kinnick was injured on a previous play. Life after 1939

Plans
<mask> was elected student body president his senior year at Iowa. A member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity at Iowa, Kinnick also maintained a 3.4 GPA.As he neared graduation with a degree in economics, he was one of thirty students selected to the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and the university president informed him that he would graduate "with distinction", Iowa's equivalent to graduating cum laude. He gave the commencement speech for the University of Iowa's graduating class in 1940. <mask> was the leading vote-getter in the nation for the College All-Star Game, while his coach, Eddie Anderson, was voted in to coach the team against Iowa alum Joe Laws and the NFL champion Green Bay Packers. The Packers defeated the College All-Stars, 45–28. Kinnick scored two touchdowns and kicked four extra points. It was noted that the All-Stars scored four touchdowns while Kinnick was in the game; when he sat on the bench, they mustered just one first down. Kinnick rejected several lucrative offers to play professional football.He was drafted by the Brooklyn Dodgers, and the team owner offered to pay him a $10,000 annual salary or on a game-by-game basis for $1,000 a game. Instead of going into professional football, he entered the University of Iowa College of Law. After one year of law school, Kinnick ranked third in his class academically. He also had an interest in politics. <mask>, himself the grandson of a Governor, spoke before the Young Republicans and introduced 1940 presidential candidate Wendell Willkie at a campaign rally. Kinnick said, "When the members of any nation have come to regard their country as nothing more than the plot of ground on which they reside, and their government as a mere organization for providing police or contracting treaties; when they have ceased to entertain any warmer feelings for one another than those which interest or personal friendship or a mere general philanthropy may produce, the moral dissolution of that nation is at hand." The Marion Sentinel proposed in an article to endorse a presidential run for Kinnick in 1956, the first year in which he would be eligible.While at the University of Iowa he met sculptress Dora Eaton Mason and agreed to pose for a bust. <mask> had seen a bust of his grandfather in the state house and stated he hoped that some day he would merit the honor to be like his grandfather. While Kinnick took a year of law school in 1940, he also served as an assistant football coach for the Hawkeyes, aiding the freshman team and scouting upcoming opponents. He accompanied the team to South Bend to see Iowa upset the Irish for the second straight season. According to The Daily Iowans account, "<mask>ick, cool, calm, and collected while he's on a football team, pranced up and down the dressing room almost jabbering in his excitement." He was also an assistant football coach at Iowa in 1941. Naval service
Kinnick left law school after one year and enlisted in the Naval Air Reserve.After completing a speaking tour of Iowa communities and visiting his parents in Omaha, he reported for induction three days before the attack on Pearl Harbor. He wrote, "There is no reason in the world why we shouldn't fight for the preservation of a chance to live freely, no reason why we shouldn't suffer to uphold that which we want to endure. May God give me the courage to do my duty and not falter." Later, he added, "Every man whom I've admired in history has willingly and courageously served in his country's armed forces in times of danger. It is not only a duty but an honor to follow their example the best I know how. May God give me the courage and ability to so conduct myself in every situation that my country, my family, and my friends will be proud of me." Kinnick was able to return to Iowa one last time in 1942.He visited Adel and saw his father one final time. He then went to Iowa City and watched Iowa's football game against Washington University from the press box. When the Iowa crowd heard of his presence, they began a loud "We want Kinnick!" chant until he leaned out of the press box with an appreciative wave. Kinnick was training to be a fighter pilot. "The task which lies ahead is adventure as well as duty," <mask> wrote in his final letter to his parents before deploying with the  in late May 1943, "and I am anxious to get at it. I feel better in mind and body than I have for ten years and am quite certain I can meet the foe confident and unafraid.'I have set the Lord always before me, because He is at my right hand. I shall not be moved.' Truly, we have shared to the full life, love, and laughter. Comforted in the knowledge that your thought and prayer go with us every minute, and sure that your faith and courage will never falter, no matter the outcome, I bid you au revoir." Death
On June 2, 1943, Ensign <mask> was on a routine training flight from the aircraft carrier , which was off the coast of Venezuela in the Gulf of Paria. Kinnick had been flying for over an hour when his Grumman F4F Wildcat developed an oil leak so serious that he could neither reach land nor the Lexington, whose flight deck was in any case crowded with planes preparing for launch. Kinnick followed standard military procedure and executed an emergency landing in the water, but died in the process.Rescue boats arrived on the scene a mere eight minutes later, but they found only an oil slick. His body was never recovered. <mask> was the first Heisman Trophy winner to die; he was a month and seven days away from his 25th birthday. Iowa sportscaster Tait Cummins said, "Kinnick proved one thing, that college athletics could be beautiful. Everything that can be said that is good about college athletics he was. He didn't represent it ... he was it." In a letter to <mask>'s parents, Kinnick's lieutenant commander, Paul Buie, wrote, "Having lost all oil the engine, without lubrication, failed, forcing <mask> to land in the water."Kinnick's squadron mate, Bill Reiter, also confirmed that the oil leak was so bad that Kinnick was forced to land four miles before he could reach the Lexington. This varies slightly from the often-repeated legend that Kinnick could have made it back to the ship but instead chose to land in the water to spare the ship's crew from danger. While Kinnick gave his life for his country, the decision to land his plane in the water was standard military procedure, and a landing on the Lexington, given his situation, was an impossibility, not a deliberately bypassed option. There is also some uncertainty about exactly how Kinnick died. Reiter was the only person who claimed to have seen Kinnick clear of the plane and motionless in the water. Reiter died three months later. Since Kinnick's body was never found, it is possible that Kinnick was still tethered to the plane.Dick Tosaw, whose brother played high school football with Kinnick, has repeatedly pursued the idea of finding and salvaging Kinnick's plane, and making a monument at Kinnick Stadium or at Kinnick's high school alma mater, now known as Adel–De Soto–Minburn High School. But the possibility, however remote, that Kinnick's body is still with the plane led to overwhelming opposition to Tosaw's efforts. <mask> Sr. opposed the idea, saying that it would be like digging up his son's grave. Kinnick's teammates were also unanimously opposed to the idea. Such strong opposition from Kinnick's teammates, relatives, and fans scuttled Tosaw's plans. Legacy

Honors

Numerous honors for <mask> have been created since his death. When the United States occupied Japan, it renamed the site intended for the 1940 Summer Olympics "Nile Kinnick Stadium."A high school in Yokosuka, Japan, for dependents of military personnel is named <mask> C. Kinnick High School. The coin flipped at the start of every Big Ten football game bears his image, and each captain of a Big Ten team receives one such coin at the end of the year. Shortly after his death, a memorial fund was established at the University of Iowa in his honor. The <mask> Memorial Scholarship Fund is awarded annually to outstanding student-athletes at Iowa. His number #24 has been retired, one of only two Iowa football numbers so recognized (Cal Jones' #62 is the other). He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in the Hall's inaugural year in 1951, one of only two Hawkeye players so honored (Duke Slater was the other). In 1989, Iowa fans selected an all-time University of Iowa football team during the 100th anniversary celebration of Iowa football.<mask> was not only selected to the team as a halfback, he was voted the team's MVP, or the most valuable player in the first century of Iowa football. <mask> was one of just five football players inducted into the Iowa Sports Hall of Fame in the Hall's inaugural year in 1951, joining Duke Slater, Aubrey Devine, Jay Berwanger, and Elmer Layden. In 1999, Sports Illustrated selected <mask> as the third greatest sports figure in the history of the state of Iowa, behind only Dan Gable and Kinnick's youth baseball teammate, Bob Feller. College Football News ranked <mask> as the ninth greatest college football player of all-time. An Iowa City theater produced a play based on Kinnick's life. Four books have been written about <mask> and the 1939 Hawkeyes. Sports Illustrated chose Kinnick as a starting defensive cornerback on its all-20th century college football team (players in Kinnick's time played both offense and defense, and sometimes special teams as well).Deion Sanders was the other starting cornerback. The reserve cornerbacks were Rod Woodson, Charles Woodson, Jim Thorpe, and John Lattner. Renaming Iowa Stadium
In the spring of 1972, the Iowa Athletic Board voted to rename the stadium in honor of the school's only Heisman Trophy winner. The Hawkeyes' first home game that year was with Oregon State, and a pre-game ceremony on September 23 made it official: Iowa Stadium became known as Kinnick Stadium. Kinnick's father took part in the ceremony and seemed genuinely pleased. Kinnick Stadium is the only college football stadium named for a Heisman Trophy winner. In 2006, Iowa finished renovations on Kinnick Stadium.As part of those renovations, the school dedicated a  bronze statue of Kinnick in front of the stadium on September 1, the day before the opening game. Included in the ceremonies was a speech by head coach Kirk Ferentz, as well as a fly-over of a replication of the plane Kinnick flew in World War II. Iowa also placed a  bronze relief on the wall of the stadium, depicting Kinnick's 1939 game-winning touchdown run against Notre Dame. See also
 List of NCAA major college yearly punt and kickoff return leaders
 <mask> C. Kinnick High School in Japan

Notes

References

External links

 <mask>. <mask> Scholarship
 University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame profile
 The <mask><mask> Papers are housed at the University of Iowa Special Collections & University Archives. 1918 births
1943 deaths
All-American college football players
American Christian Scientists
American football halfbacks
American men's basketball players
United States Navy personnel killed in World War II
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Heisman Trophy winners
Iowa Hawkeyes football coaches
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players
Maxwell Award winners
Military personnel from Iowa
People from Adel, Iowa
Players of American football from Iowa
Players of American football from Nebraska
Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
United States Navy pilots of World War II
University of Iowa College of Law alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1943
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Venezuela
United States Navy

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title: Buth Diu

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<mask> (d. c. 1972) was a politician who was one of the leaders of the Liberal Party in Sudan in the years before and after independence in 1956. His party represented the interests of the southerners. Although in favor of a federal system under which the south would have its own laws and administration, <mask> was not in favor of southern secession. As positions hardened during the drawn-out First Sudanese Civil War (1955–1972) his compromise position was increasingly discredited. Early years

<mask> belonged to the Nuer people. He was born in Fangak in Southern Sudan. <mask> did not attend school, but managed to obtain a job as a houseboy of the British District Commissioner.He taught himself English and learned to read and write and type. With these skills, he became interpreter for the District Commissioner, an influential post. By 1947 he was a local government official. Southern representative

After the Second World War the mood in Britain was to give the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan independence of both Britain and Egypt. <mask> <mask> was one of the southern leaders who attended a conference held at Juba on 12–13 June 1947 to discuss the recommendations of an earlier conference held in Khartoum at which it had been decided that the south and north of Sudan should be united in one country. Southerners were (and are) very different ethnically and culturally from the people of northern Sudan, but the rationale was that Sudan was huge but poor, and if divided both parts would be extremely weak. No southerners had attended the Khartoum conference.At the Juba conference, <mask> <mask> said that although northerners claimed they did not want to dominate the South, there must be safeguards. Northerners should not be allowed to settle on land in the south without permission, should not interfere in local government in the south and should not be allowed in law to call a southerner a slave. However, <mask> was not in favor of separation. He said the government should select representatives from the south who would go to the North to study and to participate in legislation, finance, and administration. He said that Arabic should be introduced into southern schools without delay so they could catch up to the north. <mask> <mask> formed an "Upper Nile Political Association" in Upper Nile province. The Governor-General of Sudan announced the formation of the Constitution Amendment Commission in March 1951.<mask> <mask> was the sole southerner of the commission, which had 16 northerners and three British officials including the chairman. When the commission started work on 26 March 1951, <mask> <mask> called for a federal constitution. His proposals were persistently rejected by the northern members of the commission, and he resigned in disgust. The commission continued without southern representation. However, the British members of the commission did insist on some safeguards in the draft constitution to protect southern interests, including a special Minister for the southern provinces and an Advisory Board for southern affairs. The northerners managed to later remove this provision. Party leader

The Southern Sudanese Political Movement was founded in 1951 by Stanislaus Paysama, Abdel Rahman Sule and <mask> <mask>.As the Secretary General of the party, <mask> <mask> protested to the United Nations against the agreement that had been reached by the Constitution Amendment Commission. In 1952 the party changed its name to the Southern Party. As of 1953 the party leaders were Benjamin Lwoki, Chairman, Stanslaus Paysama, Vice Chairman, <mask> <mask>, Secretary General and Abdel Rahman Sule, Patron of the party. The objectives were to work for complete independence of Sudan, with special treatment for the south. The party was officially registered in 1953. At first it had widespread support from the southern intelligentsia and from the bulk of the people in the south of Sudan. In 1954 the party was renamed the Liberal Party to avoid any suspicion that it was working for independence of the south, but no northerners joined.<mask> <mask> toured the south in August 1954 at the expense of Sayyid 'Abd al-Rahman, patron of the Ummah Party, and in his speeches quoted the National Unionist Party (NUP) campaign promises. (The NUP had won the previous elections). Prime minister Ismael Azhari described this as seditious talk and threatened to use force to prevent secession. Ismael Azhari eliminated <mask> <mask> and Bullen Alier from his cabinet for their criticism of the policy of his government on Southern Sudan. The Sudanese parliament was dissolved in November 1958 after a military coup by General Ibrahim Abboud. Later years

In November 1964, General Ibrahim Abboud returned control to an interim civilian government. In 1965 a northern-dominated government was elected led by Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub.This government paid lip service to a peaceful solution to the southern problem, while waging an increasingly brutal war against the Anyanya rebels. The Southern Front withdrew its candidates for the Supreme Council and the Cabinet, saying that the government had violated its agreement that the Southern Front would be the sole representative of the south. The Sudan African National Union (SANU) had two members appointed to the cabinet, Alfred Wol Akoc and Andrew Wieu, and <mask> <mask> was appointed to the third seat reserved for a southerner in the cabinet. He was given the position of Minister of Animal Resources. The two SANU ministers resigned in protest after the Juba and Wau massacres. <mask> <mask> and Philimon Majok were now the only representatives of Southern Sudan in the government, both supporters of a unified Sudan. <mask> <mask> died soon after the 1972 Peace Accord was signed in Addis Ababa, ending the First Sudanese Civil War.He had tried to bridge the huge gap between the south and the realities of northern politics, and often failed to satisfy either camp. <mask> <mask> once said that Sudan was like an eagle with a broken wing, dragging itself along the ground, becoming weaker each day, longing to return to the freedom of the skies. References

Sources

1972 deaths
Year of birth missing
Liberal Party (Sudan) politicians

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title: Farhan Akhtar

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<mask> (born 9 January 1974) is an Indian actor, director, screenwriter, playback singer, producer, and television host who works in Hindi films. Born in Mumbai to screenwriters <mask> and Honey Irani, he grew up under the influence of the Hindi film industry. <mask>, after establishing a production company named Excel Entertainment along with Ritesh Sidhwani in 1999, made his directorial debut with Dil Chahta Hai (2001) and received critical acclaim for portraying modern youth in the film, which won the National Award for Best Hindi Film. Following this, he directed the cult war film Lakshya (2004) and had his Hollywood debut through the soundtrack of Bride and Prejudice (2004), for which he and sister <mask> served as lyricists. Next came the commercially successful Don (2006), his third directorial venture, post which he directed a short film titled Positive (2007) to spread awareness on HIV-AIDS. Although he initiated his acting career with a delayed release in the drama The Fakir of Venice, <mask>'s official screen debut came with the musical drama Rock On!! (2008) for which he won a second National Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi as producer, he wrote the dialogues and produced for the critical and commercial success Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2011) which won him the Best Supporting Actor; the same year, he directed a sequel to Don titled Don 2 (2011), which remains his highest-grossing film till date.<mask> then played Milkha Singh in the biopic Bhaag Milkha Bhaag, earning him the Filmfare Award for Best Actor. Later, he received praise for starring in the ensemble comedy-drama Dil Dhadakne Do (2015) and the crime thriller Wazir (2016). He has since headlined the prison drama Lucknow Central (2017), The Sky Is Pink (2019) and Toofaan (2021). Early and personal life
<mask> <mask> was born in Mumbai, the second child of screenwriters Javed <mask> and Honey Irani. He has one elder sister, the writer–director Zoya <mask>. He was very young when his parents divorced; his father married actress Shabana Azmi in 1984. His mother retained the family home in Bandra bandstand and raised her children there.<mask> studied at Maneckji Cooper school in Mumbai and then pursued a law degree at HR College, also in Mumbai. <mask>'s father, a Muslim by birth, is a socialist and an atheist by belief; <mask>'s mother, born into an Irani Zoroastrian family, is indifferent to religion, and was content let her children grow up with no religion. <mask> has stated that he is an atheist. <mask>'s family hails from Khairabad in the Avadh region of present-day Uttar Pradesh, and he comes from a long lineage of Urdu poets. He is the grandson of Urdu poet Jan Nisar <mask> and great-grandson of urdu poet Muztar Khairabadi. On his mother's side, <mask> is the nephew of the child actress Daisy Irani and the first cousin of choreographer Farah Khan and Sajid Khan. <mask> married Adhuna Bhabani in 2000, after being in a relationship with her for 3 years.They first met during the filming of his directorial debut Dil Chahta Hai, which also marked Bhabani's debut as a Bollywood hairstylist. The couple have two daughters named Shakya and Akira. On 21 January 2016, they announced their separation after 16 years of marriage. Their divorce was finalized on 24 April 2017, with Bhabani having custody of their children. <mask> started dating VJ Shibani Dandekar in 2018. On 19 February 2022, they got married in a non-religious ceremony at his Khandala farmhouse. Career
<mask> worked as an apprentice in film distribution and direction for Yash Chopra's Lamhe (1991) when he was 17 years old and later moved to an advertisement production house named "Script Shop" to spend an approximate 3 years there.He also assisted Pankaj Parashar as a director in Himalay Putra (1997) before launching himself into direction and writing. Directing, writing and producing
<mask> made his writing and directorial debut with the critically acclaimed film Dil Chahta Hai (2001), produced by Excel Entertainment, a production company he established along with Ritesh Sidhwani in 1999. It was shot over a period of three months in Sydney, Goa and Mumbai. Due to its acclaim, he called it a "turning point" in his career. The film dealt with the lives of westernised urban youth in Mumbai. <mask> had written the script based on his trips to Goa and New York, as well as a narration of a story outline by a friend of his. It received international critical acclaim and attained an iconic status, with <mask> receiving credit for starting a "new wave" in Indian cinema.Critic Ziya Us Salam praised <mask>'s direction and commented for The Hindu: "In his maiden venture, Javed <mask>’s son shows enough glimpses of his pedigree to indicate that promise will attain fulfilment sooner than later." Various award shows conferred accolades on the film and nominated it for several categories. The year's National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi for 2002 was won by the film. It was also screened at the International Film Festival of India, the Palm Springs International Film Festival, and the Austin Film Festival. In the same year, he and his sister Zoya <mask> assisted their father in writing the English lyrics of a song in Lagaan, for which the soundtrack was scored by A. R. Rahman. <mask>'s next project was Lakshya (2004), a film about an aimless youngster finally setting a goal for himself, starring Hrithik Roshan and Preity Zinta. It was shot in Ladakh, Dehra Dun and Mumbai, and marked the beginning of the collaborations between <mask> and Hrithik.He had to research the army before writing the script and directing the venture. The theme of the film, as stated by <mask>, was about "finding oneself". He also believed that if the same characters and situation were set elsewhere, the main core of the story would remain the same as the film was not about war, as it had been reported. Post-release, the film failed to make a mark at the box office and became a commercial failure. Parul Gupta of The Times of India gave it a negative review and explained that "It's hard to reconcile to such triviality when it comes from <mask> <mask>, considered the ultimate symbol of cool in Hindi filmdom." On the contrary, Manish Gajjar from BBC wrote, in his positive review: "Young <mask> <mask>, proves yet again that he is one of the finest directors Bollywood has to date. He has paid full attention to the script and the technical aspects, giving rise to a polished product".Meanwhile, <mask> wrote the English lyrics of Gurinder Chadha's Hollywood film Bride and Prejudice (2004), along with his sister, Zoya <mask>, after being recommended by his father. The music for the film was composed by Anu Malik and consisted of a mixture of Hindi songs, West side story, Fiddler on the Roof and Grease. In 2006, <mask> directed, produced and wrote the screenplay of Don starring Shah Rukh Khan in the title role, a remake of 1978 film Don, starring Amitabh Bachchan. It marked his first project holding the status of a remake. The character of Don became iconic and popular. Despite this, he noted that he did not mean to be a "torchbearer of the remake brigade" and did not feel comfortable with being credited for the trend of remakes in the film industry. The film released on 20 October 2006 and was declared a "hit" at the box office, grossing around  worldwide.It became widely known for its script lines. However, critics predominantly condemned <mask>'s direction and screenplay. Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama said <mask> had "climbed the ladder as far as craftsmanship is concerned [every frame is well decorated and makes a spellbinding impact] but despite a readymade classic at his disposal, the storyteller just doesn't get it right this time." In 2007, <mask> produced the film Honeymoon Travels Pvt. Ltd., directed by debutant Reema Kagti and starring Abhay Deol, Minissha Lamba, Shabana Azmi and Boman Irani. The music for the film was composed by Vishal–Shekhar, marking their first collaboration with him. <mask> was supposed to make his acting debut with the project, but he had to be replaced by Abhay Deol as he was involved with Don.The film was financed and funded by Exim Bank. This was the first time Excel Entertainment collaborated with a different director as all their previous projects had been involving <mask> as a director. The story of the film revolved around six couples who went to Goa on a honeymoon. The film opened up on 23 February and received mixed reviews from critics, and ended up with an "average" box office result. In the same year, <mask> directed Positive, a film produced by Shernaz Italia and Frenzy Kodaiji, starring Boman Irani and Shabana Azmi. It was a short film running for 12 minutes. Dealing with a family's attitude towards a person suffering from HIV-AIDS, the film was shot in Mumbai and aimed at creating awareness about the problem.It also introduced Arjun Mathur in the film industry. Speaking about the purpose of the project, <mask> stated that "Just as a social stigma, many people believe that an HIV patient should be isolated. They also have certain misconceptions about dealing with the disease. And since India has a lot of joint families, it becomes very important for them to understand the value of support to the person who has acquired this disease. This is exactly what Positive talks about." The film had its background score composed by Ram Sampath but had no soundtrack. It was a part of the "AIDS JaaGo" ("AIDS Awake"), a series of four short films, directed by Mira Nair, Santosh Sivan, Vishal Bhardwaj and himself, in a joint initiative of Mira Nair's Mirabai Films, voluntary organisations Avahan and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.<mask>'s first project in 2011 was the drama thriller Game, directed by Abhinay Deo. The lead cast consisted of Abhishek Bachchan, Kangana Ranaut, Boman Irani and Jimmy Shergill. He wrote the script and produced the venture. The film received highly negative reviews after release, with critics panning almost all the aspects of it. At the box office, it had a poor opening, and later resulted in giving losses for the distributors, due to a heavily negative word-of-mouth. It was described as a "washout" by trade analysts. Later that year, <mask> wrote, produced and directed Don 2, a sequel to his 2006 Don.It marked his return to direction after a gap of nearly 5 years. His decision of making a sequel was explained by him in an interview: "I am wary of sequels having to be made. With Don 2 I could finally make an action thriller the way I wanted to. Good story, classic action and simple plot which has

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