title: Iris ter Schiphorst

texts:
 guitar, piano, and two percussionists. 2010s

 Dislokationen II (2010; premiered Munich, 2010), for violin, viola, cello, piano, and sampler.Passion 13: Melodram (2010; premiered Leipzig, 2010), for female singer and orchestra. Klangrätsel (2010; premiered Dresden, 2011), for youth string orchestra. Dead Wire (2010; premiered Stuttgart, 2012), for piano and electronics. Aung (2011; premiered Copenhagen, 2011), for singer/performer, percussion, harp, piano, live electronics, and strings; text by Helga Utz. Grüffelo (2011; premiered Berlin, 2011), theatre music, for clarinet, horn, piano, violin, cello, and double bass; text after Julia Donaldson's story for children The Gruffalo (1999). Miniaturen für Streichquartett und Klarinette (2011; premiered Chemnitz, 2011). Studien zu Figuren (2009-2011; premiered Donaueschingen, 2011), for seven amplified voices and sampler.Breaking (2011; premiered Berlin, 2012), for ensemble; after Lars van Trier's film Breaking the Waves (1996). Vergiss Salome (2012; premiered Hamburg, 2012), scene for coloratura soprano and tape. S.O.S. Odysseus (with Uros Rojko) (2012–2013; premiered Köln, 2013), for children's choir ("300 second-graders"), two actors, and orchestra; libretto by Helga Utz. Klang-Erzählungen (2013; premiered Braunschweig, 2013), for ensemble. Aus Liebe... (2013; premiered Rotterdam, 2014), for string quartet. ... meine-keine lieder / die aufgabe von musik (2014; premiered Stuttgart, 2015), for voice and ensemble.Welcome to the pleasures: TISA VISA WiTiO ZETA NAFTA TiTiAiPi (2014; premiered Berlin, 2015), for voice and ensemble. The Fall of the House of Usher (2014; premiered Zurich, 2014), musik for the silent film by James Sibley Watson and Melville Webber (1928), for ensemble. An den Stränden der Ruhe... (2015; premiered Leipzig, 2015), for voices and chamber orchestra. ZEICHENKASKADEN (2015), for singer (Bass) with drum and two doublebass clarinets. La tristesse durera... (2015; premiered Cottbus, 2015), for chamber orchestra and sampler. Sometimes (2015; premiered Cottbus, 2015), for orchestra, sampler and solo piano. Aus Liebe... II (2015; premiered Cottbus, 2015), for violin and string orchestra.Dr. Faustus Lights the Lights (2016; premiered Bamberg, 2016), music for the play by Gertrude Stein. Gravitational Waves (2016; premiered Snape, 2016), for orchestra and electronics. Undated

 Marriage Proposal, for mixed ensemble (at least two instruments). Collaborations with Helmut Oehring

 Polaroids: Melodram (1996; premiered Donaueschingen, 1996), for female deaf soloist, male soprano/counter-tenor, twelve instruments, and live electronics. Live: aus Androgyn (1997; premiered Witten, 1997), eighteen songs, for voice, violin, cello, prepared piano, sampler, and live electronics; text after Anne Sexton's poem "Live" from Live or Die (1966). Live: aus Androgyn (1997/2007; premiered Kaiserslautern, 2007), eighteen songs, version for counter-tenor, violin, cello, prepared piano, sampler, and live electronics. Silence Moves (1997; premiered Dresden, 1997), soundtrack for an imaginary film, for voice, violin, cello, electric bass, prepared piano, sampler, live electronics, prerecorded performance CD, and video installation.Silence Moves II (1997; premiered Rome, 1997), for voice, violin, prepared piano, sampler, electric guitar, bass guitar, percussion, live electronics, and tapes. Prae-Senz (Ballet Blanc II) (1997; premiered Berlin, 1997), for violin, cello and prepared piano, and sampler. Im Vormonat (1997/1998; premiered Saarbrücken, 1998), for oboe, bass clarinet, bassoon, percussion, piano, violin, cello, and double bass. A.N. (evita-che guevara-madonna) (1998; premiered Liège, 1998), for two voices, eight instruments, and live electronics. Requiem (1998; premiered Paris 1998), for three counter-tenors, twelve instruments, and live electronics; text after Anne Sexton's psalm sequence "O Ye Tongues" from The Death Notebooks (1974). Mischwesen (la tristessa durera) (1998; premiered Ghent, 1998), for female deaf soloist, three trumpets, and keyboard sampler; text after Anne Sexton's poem "The Silence" from The Book of Folly (1972), with additional words by Oehring and ter Schiphorst; visuals by Daniel Kötter.Mischwesen (la tristessa durera) (1998/1999, premiered Bremen, 1999), version for female deaf soloist, oboe, flute, bassoon, and keyboard. Mischwesen (la tristessa durera) (1998/2002, premiered Kassel, 2002), version for female deaf soloist, flute, clarinet, bassoon, and keyboard. Mischwesen (la tristessa durera) (1998/2002, premiered Berlin, 2002), version for female deaf soloist, trumpet, trombone, tuba, and keyboard. Mischwesen (la tristessa durera) (1998/2007, premiered Kaiserslautern, 2007), version for female deaf soloist, trumpet, bass clarinet, cello, and keyboard. Bernada Albas Haus (1999; premiered Basel 1999), dance-theatre music, for female deaf soloist, male soprano/counter-tenor, seven dancers, electric guitar, double bass, and live electronics; after Federico García Lorca's play La casa de Bernarda Alba (1936; first performed 1945). Der Ort ist nicht der Ort (2000; premiered Hannover, 2000), music-theatre action, for female deaf soloist, soprano, male soprano/counter-tenor, ensemble, live electronics, light, and graphics; libretto by ter Schiphorst and Oehring; graphics by Hagen Klennert. Als ob: Suite (2000; premiered Dresden 2000), music and dance project, for dancer, sub-bass recorder, bass clarinet, electric guitar, piano/keyboard, accordion, and two percussionists.Effi Briest (2000; premiered Bonn, 2001), music theatre psychogram in four acts, for female deaf soloist, voice, male soprano/counter-tenor, female speaker, ensemble, and live electronics; libretto by Oehring and ter Schiphorst after Theodor Fontane's novel Effi Briest (1894). Etius (2000; premiered Oldenburg, 2001), ensemble version of Als ob: Suite, for sub-bass recorder, bass clarinet, electric guitar, piano, sampler, accordion, and two percussionists. Rumgammeln und warten (2001; premiered Basel, 2001), for solo voice, female deaf soloist, ensemble, and prerecorded performance CD; text by Oehring and ter Schiphorst. Berlin: Sinfonie einer Großstadt (2001; premiered Berlin, 2002), music for the film by Thomas Schadt (2002), for large orchestra. Discography
ter Schiphorst's independent compositions are poorly documented on record. Her collaborations with Helmut Oehring are slightly better served. Many of these recordings are out of print.Works by ter Schiphorst

 Ballade für einen Bulldozer (1990), Ergo sum-pf-maschinerie (1990), Drowned (1990), and Liebesgeschwüre (1991) appear on Liebesgeschwüre im Schneckenhaus: Electroacoustic Compositions, performed by Ensemble Intrors (Susanne Schulz, Gisburg Smialek, Iris ter Schiphorst) (ITS, 1992). Anna's Wake (1992) appears on Silence Moves und Anna's Wake, performed by Ensemble Intrors (ITS, 1999). La Coquille et le Clergyman (2004) appears on Germaine Dulac: Drei Filme der französischen Stummfilm-Pionierin 1922-1928 (DVD), performed by the Asko Ensemble and <mask>del (Absolut Medien, 2007). Hi Bill (2005) appears on Bass Clarinet, performed by Volker Hemken (Profil – Edition Günter Hänssler, 2006). Zerstören (2005/2006) appears on Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik 2006, performed by the Asko Ensemble and Hans Leenders (Kulturforum Witten, 2006). No Sir (2007) appears on Neue Flötentöne Live, performed by Dörte Nienstedt and Anne Horstmann (AO / NRW Vertrieb, 2008). Studien zu Figuren (2011) appears on Donaueschinger Musiktage 2011, performed by Neue Vocalsolisten Stuttgart (NEOS, 2011).Works by ter Schiphorst and Oehring

 Polaroids: Melodram (1996) appears on Donaueschinger Musiktage 1996, performed by Christina Schönfeld, Arno Raunig, Ensemble Modern, and Jürg Wyttenbach (Col Legno, 1996); an excerpt from the same performance appears on Musik in Deutschland 1950-2000: Musiktheater > Experimentelles Musiktheater > Visible Music (Sony / Deutscher Musikrat, 2004). Silence Moves (1997) appears on Silence Moves und Anna's Wake, performed by Ensemble Intrors (ITS, 1999). Prae-Senz (Ballet Blanc II) (1997) appears on Chamber Music, performed by Ensemble Ictus (Cyprès, 2000). Live: aus Androgyn (1997) appears on Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik 1997, performed by Salome Kammer, Kammerensemble Neue Musik Berlin, and Roland Kluttig (Kulturforum Witten, 1997). Live: aus Androgyn (1997) and Im Vormonat (1997/1998) appear on Kammermusik, performed by Salome Kammer and Ensemble Aventure (Ars Musici / Freiburger Musik Forum, 2000). Requiem (1998) appears on Donaueschinger Musiktage 1998, performed by Arno Raunig, David Newman, Jean Nirouët, Helmut Oehring, Ensemble Ictus, and Georges Octors (Col Legno, 1998). Bernada Albas Haus (1999) (excerpt) appears on Musik in Deutschland 1950–2000: Musiktheater > Tanztheater > Motive der Weltliteratur, performed by Arno Raunig, Christina Schönfeld, Jörg Wilkendorf, <mask>wald, Markus Reschtnewki, and Torsten Ottersberg (RCA / Deutscher Musikrat, 2005).Berlin: Sinfonie einer Großstadt (2001) appears on Berlin: Sinfonie einer Großstadt (DVD), performed by the Staatsoper Unter den Linden, Sinfonieorchester des Südwestrundfunks, and Roland Kluttig (Arthaus Musik / Monarda, 2009). Texts

Essays

 "Texte ohne Spuren? Vom Verhältnis von Stimme und Frau", Frauen Musik Büro Rundbrief (Frankfurt am Main), No. 26, October–December 1994 (Part 1), and No. 27, January–March 1995 (Part 2). "Helmut Oehring: Dokumentaroper (aus: Irrenoffensive) (1994-1995)", text for the CD booklet (Mainz: Wergo, 1997). "Ohrsinn / Unsinn / Eigensinn: eine kurze Abhandlung über Schrift", Ästhetik & Kommunikation (Berlin), No.101, June 1998. "Berühren", Positionen: Texte zur aktuellen Musik (Mühlenbeck), No. 44, August 2000. "Mutterpartituren", Positionen: Texte zur aktuellen Musik (Mühlenbeck), No. 58, February 2004. "Komponieren heute? Einige Anmerkungen zum Verhältnis von Schrift und Musik, Moderne/Postmoderne, Neue (Massen-) Medien", Parergon: Tidsskrift for Samtidsmusikk (Oslo), No.25/26, 2004 (Old Series). "Schönheit? Antworten von jungen Komponistinnen und Komponisten", Positionen: Texte zur aktuellen Musik (Mühlenbeck), No. 64, August 2005. Lectures

 "Vom Ohrsinn und Unsinn / Der Blick in der Musik", West-Berliner Akademie der Künste, Berlin, 1994. "Musikwissenschaft als Geisterwissenschaft, oder: Das Ver-Sprechen von Sound", Female Music Rush-Hour: Ninth International Congress on Women in Music, Vienna, 1995. "Einige Anmerkungen zum Verhältnis von Stimme und Schrift", Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, 1997."Die stillschweigende Verschaltung von Stimme und Schrift", Galerie Waszkowiak, Berlin, 2000. "Warum ein Stipendium für Künstlerinnen?" Künstlerinnenhof Die Höge, Bassum, 2004. Program notes

 "Expert in the In-between – Ballade für Orchester: Hundert Komma Null", Musica Viva, February 2000. "Zerstören", Wittener Tage für neue Kammermusik, May 2006. "Vergeben: Bruchstücke zu Edgar Varèse", Festivals Musik der Zeit, November 2007. Interviews

 "Gespräch mit Iris ter Schiphorst", in Karl-Heinz Blomann and Frank Sielecki (eds), Hören: eine vernachlässigte Kunst (Hofheim am Taunus: Wolke Verlag, 1997)."Gesamtkunstwerk aus Musik und Bildern: <mask> ter Schiphorst und Helmut Oehring feilen an einer Filmmusik, Gespräch mit dem Musikwissenschaftler Lasse Ole Hempel", Neue Musikzeitung (Regensburg), No. 10, 2001. "Dimensionen des Handwerks heute: ein Gespräch", Positionen: Texte zur aktuellen Musik (Mühlenbeck), No. 53, November 2002. "Interview mit <mask> ter Schiphorst (2002)", in Susanne Binas, Erfolgreiche Künstlerinnen: Arbeiten zwischen Eigensinn und Kulturbetrieb (Essen: Klartext Verlag, 2003); in association with the Kulturforum der Sozialdemokratie. "Eurydike, oder der Topos des Verschwindens, die Komponistin Iris ter Schiphorst im Gespräch mit Frank Kämpfer", Neue Zeitschrift für Musik (Mainz), No. 5, 2003.Notes

20th-century German composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
German women classical composers
Members of the Academy of Arts, Berlin
Living people
1956 births
21st-century German composers
German classical composers
Women classical composers
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers
20th-century German women
21st-century German

masks:
Peter Run
Peter Ko
Iris
Iris


title: John Ruddy

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 24 October 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  club Wolverhampton Wanderers. Ruddy began his career at Cambridge United, before signing for Everton as a 19-year-old. He spent five years with Everton, but made just one appearance, while playing on loan at nine different clubs. Ruddy was signed by Paul Lambert to play for Norwich City in 2010 and, in his first season, was part of the team that finished second in the Championship, gaining promotion to the Premier League. The following year, Norwich finished twelfth in the Premier League, and Ruddy was selected by new England manager Roy Hodgson for the squad for Euro 2012. However, on 25 May 2012, he was ruled out after breaking his finger during training. He made his debut in a 2–1 win against Italy in August 2012.He suffered a long term thigh injury in November 2012, but returned to help Norwich to an 11th-place finish at the end of the 2012–13 Premier League season. After 243 appearances for Norwich, he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2017. Club career

Cambridge United
Born in St Ives, Cambridgeshire, Ruddy grew up as a fan of Manchester United. He began his career at Cambridge United and made his professional debut in the final match of the 2003–04 season at Leyton Orient's Brisbane Road stadium on 8 May 2004, keeping a clean sheet and saving a penalty. Ruddy earned his place as Cambridge's first-choice keeper in the 2004–05 season, making 38 appearances in a season that saw the U's relegated from League Two after finishing bottom with 30 points. This was despite Ruddy's efforts, which included keeping nine clean sheets and conceding just 45 goals. Everton
Ruddy had two trials at Manchester United in November 2004, before moving to Everton in the summer of 2005 for a fee of around £250,000 that would rise depending on appearances.He was called into the England Under-19 squad in 2005 after being scouted by England goalkeeping coach Ray Clemence and was touted by his manager David Moyes as a future England goalkeeper. In September 2005, Ruddy signed for Walsall on loan, making four appearances in League One before returning to Everton. Loan spells with Rushden & Diamonds and Chester City followed. <mask> made his first and only appearance for Everton in February 2006 in unusual circumstances. Nine minutes into the match against Blackburn Rovers, Iain Turner was sent off for handling outside the area. Since Turner was substituting for injured first- and second-choice keepers Nigel Martyn and Richard Wright, it meant that Ruddy was the only keeper left who could play. Ruddy went on to keep a clean sheet in a 1–0 victory.In September 2006, Ruddy went on loan again. A one-month deal was agreed with Stockport County, which was extended to three months after some impressive performances. He then agreed a one-month loan with Wrexham in February 2007, but failed to establish a place in the team during his time at the Racecourse Ground and the Red Dragons decided against extending the loan beyond the initial month. On 21 April 2007, Ruddy completed an emergency one-week loan to League One club Bristol City, and helped them move closer to promotion, by playing one match – a 3–1 win over Carlisle United, and later joked he would ask if he were eligible for a runners-up medal as City finished second and won promotion. In January 2009, he went out on loan until the end of the 2008–09 season to Crewe Alexandra. Motherwell (Loan)
On 24 July 2009, Ruddy joined Scottish Premier League club Motherwell on a six-month loan deal, to vie with Michael Fraser and Sebastian Kosiorowski for a place in goal. Ruddy kept clean sheets during a 0–0 home draw against Rangers on 12 September 2009 and a 0–0 away draw against Celtic on 17 October 2009.He also saved a Barry Robson penalty in a 3–2 loss to Celtic on 12 December 2009. When the original loan deal expired in January 2010, the Fir Park club decided that they wanted to keep Ruddy for longer and an extension of a month was agreed with Everton. On 27 January 2010, it was announced that both Ruddy and Everton teammate Lukas Jutkiewicz were to extend their stay at the Scottish Premier League club until May 2010. Ruddy finished the Scottish Premier League season with 15 clean sheets from 34 appearances. Norwich City

On 5 July 2010, Ruddy signed for Championship club Norwich City for an undisclosed fee, which Ruddy revealed in 2017 to have been £250,000. In 2012, Paul Lambert revealed that on two earlier occasions he had considered signing Ruddy for clubs he'd previously managed: "It is funny but ... [I] ... went to watch him for Crewe at MK Dons ... but he had an absolute stinker. We also saw him when he was at Stockport and ...I decided against him at that time, but when Fraser went and it was clear we wouldn't be able to get him back again I knew <mask> had had a really good season at Motherwell. There was that clamour to sign Fraser, but with the finances we just couldn't do that. I wanted somebody with the same stature, a big goalkeeper, and <mask> had that." <mask> made his debut for City against Watford in the opening fixture of the 2010–11 season which Norwich lost 3–2 at Carrow Road. He kept his first clean sheet of the season in a 1–0 away win against Scunthorpe United on 14 August 2010, following this up with another clean sheet against Swansea on 21 August 2010 which included a penalty save that atoned for his error that led to it. In Ruddy's first season for Norwich, he played 45 out of the 46 league matches, helping City to the Premier League, keeping a clean sheet during the 1–0 away win against Portsmouth on 2 May 2011 which sealed promotion for the Canaries. Ruddy started the 2011–12 season as the first choice keeper again for Norwich, starting the 1–1 draw at the DW Stadium against Wigan Athletic.He followed this up by making numerous good saves during Norwich's first home premier league match in seven years in a 1–1 draw against Stoke, including a penalty stop against Jon Walters and a save denying Matthew Etherington from a direct free kick. During the next match, he received his only red card of the season in the match against Chelsea after a foul on Ramires that led to a penalty. However, <mask>'s fortunes were reversed during the return fixture against Chelsea on 21 January 2012 when he kept his first clean sheet of the season during a 0–0 draw at Carrow Road, making several impressive stops from Fernando Torres. Ruddy was voted Player's Player of the Season following Norwich's 12th-place finish, this was a testament to Ruddy's performances for a highly attacking Norwich team, leading to suggestions that he should be called up for Roy Hodgson's England Euro 2012 squad. Ruddy's claim for a squad place was only strengthened by his excellent performance during the 2–0 home win against Aston Villa on the final day of the season. For the 2012–13 season Ruddy found himself first choice again ahead of Declan Rudd, Jed Steer and new goalie Mark Bunn. Once again, he saved a penalty during Norwich's first home Premier League fixture of the season during a 1–1 draw with Queens Park Rangers, although Bobby Zamora scored the rebound.He kept memorable clean sheets against Arsenal and Manchester United as Norwich won 1–0 on both occasions, both occurring during an outstanding run of form that saw him keep four clean sheets and concede just two goals in six matches. Unfortunately this great run of form came to an end during a 1–1 draw against his former club Everton when he suffered a thigh injury. He later underwent surgery, ruling him out for three months. However, <mask>'s injury later worsened, with the expectation that he would not be fit again until April. <mask> returned to action on 7 May 2013 in Norwich's 4–0 Premier League win over West Bromwich Albion, which confirmed mathematical safety from relegation. He also played in Norwich's final match of the season on 19 May 2013, a 3–2 away win against Manchester City. Despite the previous long-term injury, Ruddy started the 2013–14 season as Norwich's first choice keeper in the 2–2 draw with Everton at Carrow Road on 17 August 2013.Ruddy had a tough start to the season which included mistake riddled performances against Spurs, Chelsea and Manchester City. However, since the 5–1 away thrashing at Liverpool Ruddy has been in fine form keeping four clean sheets in nine matches, conceding just seven goals. During this spell Ruddy produced some outstanding performances, including the 2–0 away win against West Bromwich Albion on 7 December 2013 where he saved eight shots, including a brilliant tip around the post from a close range Shane Long header. In May 2017, it was announced that Ruddy would be released when his contract expired. All the players who were being released were given the option of whether or not they chose to be available for selection in the one remaining match of the season. In the end, Ruddy was the only one of the seven who played in the match, being made team captain for the day (he had previously captained the side for one match in the 2013–14 season when Sébastien Bassong and Russell Martin were both absent) and saw out his time with the club by keeping a clean sheet in a 4–0 win over Queens Park Rangers. Wolverhampton Wanderers
On 10 July 2017, Ruddy signed a two-year contract with Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers.His signing came days after the club's previous number one Carl Ikeme was diagnosed with acute leukaemia. On 6 April 2018, Ruddy saved an injury time penalty from Gary Madine away at Cardiff City in a 1–0 win, in a victory that took Wolves nine points clear of Cardiff. Ruddy became the team's main goalkeeper and was part of the team that won promotion to the Premier League as champions. He was named in the division's PFA Team of the Year and was awarded the EFL's Golden Glove Award for the most clean sheets with 24. In August 2018 he extended his contract with Wolves, signing a deal due to last until summer 2020, despite having fallen behind new addition Rui Patrício as the club's first-choice goalkeeper. On 18 May 2020, Wolverhampton Wanderers announced that they had triggered an option in Ruddy's existing contract to keep him for a further season in 2020–21. On 15 March 2021, Ruddy came on as a concussion substitute for Patrício against Liverpool in the 100th minute of the game in added time after the Portuguese goalkeeper was taken off the pitch on a stretcher after 15 minutes from colliding with Wolves captain Conor Coady and played the remaining few minutes of the game.On 24 June 2021, <mask> would sign a new one year deal with Wolves for the 2021–22 season. International career
On 16 May 2012, <mask> received his first senior international call-up when Roy Hodgson selected him as a member of the England squad for UEFA Euro 2012. However, a broken finger ruled him out of the tournament, and Jack Butland was called up to replace him. <mask> was called up for the friendly against Italy in Bern, Switzerland, on 10 August 2012, along with Butland and Joe Hart. He came on for Butland at half-time to make his senior England debut, and made some key saves as England won the match 2–1, keeping a clean sheet in his first England appearance after Butland conceded in the first half. <mask> was not included in Hodgson's 2014 World Cup squad, with Joe Hart, Fraser Forster and Ben Foster selected instead. However, he was named on the seven-man standby list.Personal life
Ruddy married his wife Laura on 2 June 2012. Prior to the Euro 2012 tournament, he jokingly cited breaking his finger as the reason he was able to have his wedding on that date. He is nicknamed "The Iceman". Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Norwich City
Football League Championship runner-up: 2010–11
Football League Championship play-offs: 2015

Wolverhampton Wanderers
EFL Championship: 2017–18

Individual
Norwich City Players' Player of the Season: 2011–12
EFL Championship Team of the Season: 2017–18
PFA Team of the Year: 2017–18 Championship
EFL Championship Golden Glove: 2017-18

References

External links

Profile at the Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. website

1986 births
Living people
People from St Ives, Cambridgeshire
Sportspeople from Cambridgeshire
English footballers
England international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Cambridge United F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Walsall F.C.players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Motherwell F.C.players
Norwich City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Scottish Premier League players

masks:
John Thomas Gordon Ruddy
Ruddy
John
John
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy
Ruddy


title: Tanja Börzel

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 5 July 1970) is a German Political scientist. Her research and teaching focus on the fields of European Integration, Governance, and Diffusion. She is professor of Political Science at the Otto-Suhr-Institute of Political Science of Freie Universität Berlin, director of the Center for European Integration, and holder of the Jean Monnet Chair for European Integration from 2006 until 2009. Currently, she is department chair of the Otto-Suhr-Institute of Political Science. Education

From 1989 to 1995, Börzel studied Political Science and Public Administration at the University of Konstanz. Subsequently, she obtained her PhD in Political and Social Sciences from the European University Institute in Florence. Her dissertation (“with distinction”), supervised by Adrienne Héritier, was on “The Domestic Impact of Europe.Institutional Adaption in Germany and Spain”. Career

From 1999 to 2001, Börzel worked as coordinator for Environmental Studies at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies of the European University Institute in Florence. Beginning in 1999 she was senior researcher for two years at the Max-Planck-Institute for Common Goods in Bonn. From 2002 to 2003 <mask> directed the junior research group on compliance with European law in member states funded by the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation (DFG) at the Humboldt University. In 2003, she accepted the position as professor of International Politics and European Integration at the Department of Political Science of the University of Heidelberg, but soon joined the Otto-Suhr-Institute of Political Science of Freie Universität Berlin in December 2004. From 2006 to 2007, Börzel was visiting professor at the Department of Government at Harvard University. From 2008 until 2016, she directed the DFG funded Research College “The Transformative Power of Europe”, together with Thomas Risse.<mask> <mask> is also director of the Berlin Center for European Studies, which hosted the Jean Monnet Center of Excellence „Europe and its Citizens“. Between 2006 and 2012, she conducted several research projects in the Collaborative Research Center at the Sonderforschungsbereich 700 „Governance in Räumen begrenzter Staatlichkeit: Neue Formen des Regierens?“ (Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood: New Modes of Governance. From 2013 and 2021, she coordinated three research consortia funded by the EU, MAXCAP, EUSTRAT and EULISTCO. Since 2018, she is director of the Cluster of Excellence „Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)“, together with Michael Zürn. SCRIPTS investigates why liberal ideas and institutions are increasingly contested, why, how, and to what effect. She was advisor and evaluator of the dissertation of Governing Mayor of Berlin Franziska Giffey, that was found to be a plagiarism by the FU Berlin, with the degree being revoked in 2021. Research

Börzel's research focus and teaching experience lie in the field of European Integration, Governance, and Diffusion research.She concentrates on questions of institutional change as a result of Europeanization as well as on the diffusion of European ideas and policies within and outside the EU. She studies how and under what conditions the EU promotes institutions and policy programs in and outside of Europe, and what mechanisms of diffusion are applied. She researches global processes of diffusion and resulting transformational changes inside the EU and its member states. She writes about institutional effects of political, economic, and cultural processes of diffusion and the factors which promote or constrain processes of diffusion in the EU. In her recent research, she investigates the contestation of liberal norms, such as academic freedom, within democratic societies. Selected publications

<mask> A<mask> has published a range of books, edited volumes, and articles including:

Monographs
 2021. Effective Governance under Anarchy.Institutions, Legitimacy, and Social Trust in Areas of Limited Statehood, with Thomas Risse, Cambridge University Press. 2021. Why Noncompliance. The Politics of Law in the European Union. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 2003. Environmental Leaders and Laggards in Europe.Why There is (not) a Southern Problem. Aldershot, Burlington, Singapore, Sydney: Ashgate. 2002. States and Regions in the European Union. Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Edited volumes
 In prep.From Democracy Promotion to Resilience-Building in the EU’s Neighborhood. Special Issue of Democratization, co-edited with Thomas Risse and Eric Stollenwerk (accepted). 2021. The European Union and the Eastern Partnership Ten Years On. Special Issue of East European Politics, co-edited with Antoaneta Dimitrova and Dimiter Toshkov. 2021. Governance and Business-Society Relations in Areas of Limited Statehood.Special issue of Business & Society, co-edited with Sameer Azizi and Hans Krause Hansen. 2019. Peripheries in Competition? The Politics and Political Economy of Convergence and Divergence in the European Union. Special Issue of West European Politics 42(5), co-edited with Martin Rhodes and Rachel Epstein. 2019. European Integration Theory, 3rd ed., co-edited with Antje Wiener and Thomas Risse.Oxford University Press. 2018. The Oxford Handbook of Governance and Limited Statehood, co-edited with Thomas Risse and Anke Draude. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2017. European Union Enlargement and Integration Capacity. Special Issue of Journal of European Public Policy 24 (2), co-edited with Antoaneta Dimitrova and Frank Schimmelfennig.2017. Environmental Governance in South East Europe and the Western Balkans: Reassessing the Transformative Power of Europe. Special Issue of Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 33 (5), co-edited with Adam Fagan. 2016. The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism, co-edited with Thomas Risse. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2015.Governance Transfer by Regional Organizations, co-edited with Vera van Hüllen. Houndsmill: Palgrave. 2015. Responses to the Arab Spring – The EU in Comparative Perspective. Special Issue of the Journal of European Integration 37 (1), co-edited with Assem Dandashly and Thomas Risse. 2014. The Politics of International and Regional Diffusion.Presidential Issue of International Studies Review 16 (2), co-edited with Etel Solingen. 2013. Convergence without Accession? Explaining Policy Change in the EU’s Eastern Neighbourhood, Special Issue of Europe-Asia Studies 65 (4), co-edited with Julia Langbein, also published with Routledge, London: 2014. 2012. Business and Governance in South Africa, co-edited with Christian Thauer, Houndmills: Palgrave. 2012. Convergence without Accession?Explaining Policy Change in the EU's Eastern Neighbourhood, Special Issue of Europe-Asia Studies, co-edited with Julia Langbein. 2012. From Europeanization to Diffusion/, Special Issue of West European Politics, co-edited with Thomas Risse. 2012. Roads to Regionalism. Genesis, Design, and Effects of Regional Organizations, co-edited with Lukas Goltermann, Mathis Lohaus and Kai Striebinger. Aldershot: Ashgate.2011. Wozu Staat? Governance in Räumen begrenzter und konsolidierter Staatlichkeit, co-edited with Marianne Beisheim, Philipp Genschel and Bernhard Zangl. Nomos: Baden-Baden. 2010. Civil Society on the Rise? EU Enlargement and Societal Mobilization in Central and Eastern Europe.Special Issue of Acta Politica. 2009. Coping with Accession to the European Union. New Modes of Environmental Governance. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. The Disparity of European Integration.Revisiting Neofunctionalism in Honor of Ernst Haas. London: Routledge. 2003. Environmental Leaders and Laggards in Europe. Why There is (not) a Southern Problem. Aldershot, Burlington, Singapore, Sydney: Ashgate. 2002.States and Regions in the European Union. Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Journal articles (selection)
 2021. Contestations of the Liberal International Order. From Liberal Multilateralism to Postnational Liberalism, co-authored with Michael Zürn. International Organizations, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000570.2021. EU democracy projection: Does the EU practice what it preaches? Mediterranean Politics, https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2021.1915738. 2021. Towards Open Access Social Orders in Eastern Europe, co-authored with Dimiter Toshkov and Antoaneta Dimitrova. East European Politics, https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2021.1879793. 2020.Multilevel Governance or Multilevel Government? British Journal of Politics and International Relations, https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1369148120939872. 2020. Identity Politics, Core State Powers, and Regional Integration: Europe and Beyond, co-authored with Thomas Risse. Journal of Common Market Studies 58(1): 21-40. 2019. Grand Theories of Integration and the Challenges of Comparative Regionalism, co-authored with Thomas Risse.Journal of European Public Policy 26(8): 1231–1252. 2019. Varieties of Limited Access Orders: The Nexus Between Politics and Economics in Hybrid Regimes, co-authored with Esther Ademmer and Julia Langbein. Governance 33(1): 191–208. 2019. Core-periphery Disparities in Europe: Is There a Link Between Political and Economic Divergence?, co-authored with Julia Langbein. West European Politics 42(5): 941–964.2019. Compliance with EU Environmental Law. The Iceberg is Melting, co-authored with Aron Buzogany. Environmental Politics 28(2): 315–341. 2018. Researching the EU (Studies) Into Demise? Journal of European Public Policy 25(3): 475–485.2018. From the Euro to the Schengen Crises: European Integration Theories, Politicization, and Identity Politics, co-authored with Thomas Risse, Journal of European Public Policy 25(1): 83–108. 2017. Building Good (Enough) Governance in Post-conflict Societies and Areas of Limited Statehood: The European Union and the Western Balkans, co-authored with Sonja Grimm, Daedalus 141(1): 116–127. 2017. Coming Together or Drifting Apart? The EU's Political Integration Capacity in New Members, Accession Candidates, and Eastern Neighbourhood Countries, co-authored with Frank Schimmelfennig, Journal of European Public Policy 24 (2), 278–296.2017. Larger and more Law-abiding? The Impact of Enlargement on Compliance in the European Union, co-authored with Ulrich Sedelmeier, Journal of European Public Policy 24 (2), 197–217. 2017. European Union Enlargement and Integration Capacity: Concepts, Findings, and Policy Implications, co-authored with Antoaneta Dimitrova and Frank Schimmelfennig, Journal of European Public Policy 24 (2), 157–176. 2017. Environmental governance in South East Europe/Western Balkans: Reassessing the Transformative Power of Europe, co-authored with Adam Fagan.In Environmental Policy and Planning C 33 (5), 885–900. 2017. The Transformative Power of Europe Beyond Enlargement: The EU's Performance in Promoting Democracy in Its Neighborhood, co-authored with Bidzina Lebandize, East European Politics 33 (1), 17–35. 2016. From EU Governance of Crisis to Crisis in EU Governance. Regulatory Failure, Redistributive Conflict, and Eurosceptic Publics, Journal of Common Market Studies. The JCMS Annual Review of the European Union in 201554 (S1), 8-23.2016. Dysfunctional Institutions, Trust and Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood, co-authored with Thomas Risse. In Regulation and Governance 10 (2), 149–160. 2016. Theorizing Regionalism: Cooperation, Integration, and Governance. In Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism, edited by <mask> A<mask> and Thomas Risse. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 41–63.References

External links

 Official site (including Curriculum Vitae and List of Publications)
 Center for European Integration
 <mask> <mask> at the Cluster of Excellence „Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)“
 BEST – Berlin Center for European Studies
 Kolleg-Forschergruppe "The Transformative Power of Europe"
 SFB 700 “Governance in Areas of Limited Statehood”
 Publications of <mask> Börzel in the German National Library

1970 births
Living people
German political scientists
Free University of Berlin faculty
University of Konstanz alumni
European University Institute alumni
Women political scientists

masks:
Tanja A
. Börzel
Börzel
Tanja
Börzel
Tanja
. Börzel
Tanja
. Börzel
Tanja
Börzel
Tanja


title: Igor Svyatoslavich

texts:
Prince <mask> the Brave (Old East Slavic: Игорь Святъславичь, Igorĭ Svjatŭslavičĭ; , <mask>; , Ihor Svyatoslavych; Old Norse: Ingvar Sveinaldsson) (Novhorod-Siverskyi, April 3/10, 1151 – the spring of 1201/December 29, 1202) was a Rus’ prince (a member of the Rurik dynasty). His baptismal name was Yury. <mask> was prince of Putivl (1164–1180), of Novgorod-Seversk (1180–1198), and of Chernigov (1198–1201/1202). Chronicle evidence reveals that he had an enviably successful military career; he led many campaigns against the Cumans from among which the chronicles report only one defeat. But it was his defeat at the river Kayala (the exact location of which has never been definitively established) that has become immortalized through its literary rendering in “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign”, the most celebrated epic of Rus’. During his reign Novgorod Severskiy (today Novhorod-Siverskyi in Ukraine) enjoyed the status of the second most powerful town in the Chernigov land. Basing their observations on archaeological evidence, a number of investigators proposed that <mask> built the Cathedral of the Holy Savior in the Monastery of the Transfiguration outside of the town.It has also been suggested that he founded the stone church in Putivl. To judge from circumstantial evidence, <mask>'s reign in Chernigov (now Chernihiv in modern Ukraine) was uneventful. He continued the family chronicle that his father and brother had commissioned. His early life
<mask> was the elder son of Svyatoslav Olgovich, by his second wife, the Novgorodian Catherine. By giving the child the baptismal name of Yury, Svyatoslav Olgovich acknowledged his friendship with prince Yury Vladimirovich of Suzdal. In choosing <mask> for the boy's princely name, he testified to the close bond that had existed between him and his deceased brother. When Svyatoslav died on February 15, 1164, <mask>'s older half-brother, Oleg <mask>, took over the control of Novgorod Severskiy and probably gave Putivl to <mask>.Before 1170, <mask> married a daughter of prince Yaroslav Volodymyrkovych Osmomysl of Halych. Around June 1171, the Cumans renewed their raids along the Ros River and they attacked towns belonging to the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov). <mask> led a campaign against the invaders on June 29. After crossing the river Vorskla, he learnt that Khans Kobyak and Konchak were devastating districts around Pereyaslavl (now Pereiaslav in Ukraine); he crossed back over the river and rode to confront the raiders. On July 20, his druzhina killed many of the nomads and took others captive. While returning from his victory, <mask> visited the shrine of SS. Boris and Gleb in Vyshgorod (today Vyshhorod in Ukraine) to celebrate their feast.There he met with Roman I Rostislavich of Kiev (his brother-in-law) and his brothers on July 25. Their meeting was political in nature in that <mask> would have pledged allegiance to the new ruler of Kiev. Prince of Novgorod-Seversk

His half-brother, Oleg Svyatoslavich died on January 16, 1180; thus <mask> left Putivl to succeed him in Novgorod Severskiy. Soon after Oleg <mask>'s death, grand prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich of Kiev summoned <mask> and <mask>'s brother Vsevolod <mask> to Lyubech and concluded an agreement. Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's main objective in assembling the senior generation of Olgovichi was to secure <mask>'s allegiance. On September 8, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich ordered <mask> and prince Vsevolod III Yuryevich of Vladimir to lead the junior Olgovichi and Monomashichi against Vyshgorod that he was besieging; the nine-week siege of the town became a failure. At the beginning of 1181, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich launched an expedition against Vsevolod Yuryevich in order to free from captivity his son Gleb <mask> (Prince of Chernigov).Before setting out, the grand prince commanded his son Yaroslav <mask> and <mask> to remain behind and defend Chernigov against the Rostislavichi (the members of the ruling dynasty of Smolensk). Later, Yaroslav <mask> and <mask> waged war on the Principality of Drutsk whose prince Gleb Rogvoldovich formed a pact with prince David Rostislavich of Smolensk. Although David Rostislavich came to assist the prince of Drutsk, but Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, who had expanded his authority over Novgorod, made David Rostislavich flee from the field of battle and forced Gleb Rogvoldovich to capitulate. From Drutsk, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich traveled south to evict grand prince Rurik Rostislavich from the Kievan land. Meanwhile, <mask> and Kobyak, was waiting for him near Vyshgorod. After Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich occupied the capital, the Cumans asked him to let <mask> accompany them to the Lake Dolobsk. When Ryurik Rostislavich learnt that <mask> and the nomads were encamped on the other side of the Dnieper River, he sent troops to attack them.His troops defeated the Cumans; <mask> and Khan Konchak, however, escaped by boat to Chernigov. It is likely that <mask> and Khan Konchak formed a marriage alliance and arranged their children's engagement. When Khan Konchak with his Donets Cumans pillaged the Pereyaslavl lands in February 1184, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sent his sons and his troops to <mask> ordering him to pursue the tribesmen. Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's co-ruler, Rurik Rostislavich, for his part, sent his troops under the command of prince Vladimir Glebovich of Pereyaslavl. <mask> was appointed to command all the troops of the Olgovichi, and he refused Vladimir Glebovich permission to spearhead the attack, because the vanguard contingent would get the first chance to grab the booty. Shortly afterwards, Vladimir Glebovich pillaged the Seversk towns of the Olgovichi and rode off in a huff; <mask> also sent the Kievan troops home. Consequently, <mask> went in pursuit of the Cumans with a greatly diminished force, including some Black Hats.<mask> pursued the raiders, found them at the river Khiriya (a tributary of the Vorskla), and took many captive. On his way home, he probably attacked Vladimir Glebovich's town of Glebov (on the right bank of the Trubizh River). In the summer, grand prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich launched a major campaign against the Cumans; <mask> proposed that Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich take the route across the Pereyaslavl lands and he would meet him at the river Sula. But Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich rejected his proposal, and therefore <mask> boycotted the expedition. However, on learning that Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's troops had departed, he also summoned his relatives; his aim was to plunder Cuman camps while the nomads were preoccupied fighting Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's forces. Anticipating no opposition, <mask> was surprised to chance upon a Cuman raiding party of 400 strong around the river Merla (south of the Khiriya) which gave his men an opportunity to win glory in the battle. In 1184, <mask> harbored Vladimir Yaroslavich (his brother-in-law) who had been driven out of Halych by his own father.When Khan Konchak attacked again Rus’ with a large force in 1185, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich and Ryurik Rostislavich quickly assembled a force. The chronicler claims that <mask> was also eager to attack him even against the advice of his druzhinniki and adverse weather conditions prevented his departure. His campaign and its aftermath

Later, on April 13, 1185, <mask>, with some other junior princes, undertook a daring raid against the nomads with the object of reaching the Lower Don area. After the princes joined forces at the Oskol River, a band of Cumans spotted them and sent horsemen to warn the neighboring camps. When <mask> arrived at the river Salnitsa, his scouts informed him that they had spotted the enemy in battle array. They advised him either to attack quickly before the Cuman band received reinforcements or to withdraw. <mask> and his relatives refused to return home, because, they argued, their peers would mock them for fearing to face death and heap shame upon them.As <mask>'s forces came to the river Syuurliy, the enemy archers shot a volley of arrows at them and withdrew. <mask> and his brother prince Vsevolod <mask> of Trubetsk advanced in formation at a steady pace, but his nephew Svyatoslav Olgovich of Rylsk and his son <mask> set off in pursuit and defeated the nomads. After all the contingents had reassembled, <mask> advised that they withdraw under the cover of darkness because they had seen how great a force the Cumans had already mustered. But Svyatoslav Olgovich pointed out that he had pursued the Cumans over a great distance and that his horses were too exhausted to set off immediately; therefore <mask> ordered his troops to rest for the night. Alarmed at the audacity of the princes to come to their very lairs, the Donets Cumans sounded a general alarm; for three days enemy archers shot arrows at them without engaging them in battle. The princes’ only hope lay in reaching the river Donets; if they fled, however, it meant deserting the common soldiers, and therefore they rode against the enemy. The raid ended in catastrophe: the Cumans surrounded <mask>'s forces like an unyielding wall so that only fifteen of the Rus’ men escaped.<mask> was seized by a Cuman called Chilbuk but later Khan Konchak assumed responsibility for his svat (his son-in-law's father) <mask> who had been wounded. After learning of <mask>'s defeat Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich sent his two sons Vladimir  and Oleg to the Poseme region (along the Seym River) to serve as interim defenders of the Seversk towns. According to the chronicler, the Cumans assembled their entire nation to march against Rus’. But the khans argued: Koza suggested that they should raid the towns of the defeated princes along the river Seym; Konchak proposed attacking the princes on the Kievan side. Because the khans obstinately stuck to their views, they split their horde into two. Koza attacked Putivl but failed to take it; nevertheless, he set fire to its outer town, pillaged the district, and razed surrounding villages. Meanwhile, <mask> was spending his captivity in Konchak's camp.Although twenty Cumans were appointed to guard him, he was free to ride wherever he chose and to hunt with hawks. We are told that a Cuman offered to help him to escape; one day at dusk, he raised the tent flap and crawled out while the guards were entertaining themselves with games. After crossing over to the other side of the river Tor, <mask> rode away. He traveled eleven days to the town Donets; from there he went to Novgorod Severskiy. We are not told when <mask> escaped, but he could not have been in captivity for more than a few months; he probably fled in the late summer at the latest. After arriving in Novgorod Severskiy, <mask> visited Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich (his cousin) in Chernigov and asked for military aid. Next, he went to Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in Kiev, and he undoubtedly asked him to assist in collecting the ransoms for the three captive princes.After leaving Svyatoslav, he visited Ryurik Rostislavich. Archaeological evidence suggests that after returning to Novgorod Severskiy, <mask> reinforced the fortifications and founded new ones in the vicinity of Vyr. Marriage alliances
In 1187, <mask> reconciled his brother-in-law (Vladimir Yaroslavich) and father-in-law (prince Yaroslav Volodymyrkovych of Halych), and dispatched his son Svyatoslav <mask> to escort Vladimir Yaroslavich home. In the autumn of 1188, his son <mask> returned home from captivity with Khan Konchak's daughter. On September 26, 1188, <mask> and his family attended the festivities organized by Rurik Rostislavich to celebrate his son's wedding. During the same week, Rurik Rostislavich gave away his daughter to <mask>'s son Svyatoslav. In 1190, grand prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich married his grandson David Olgovich to <mask>'s daughter.Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich died during the last week of July 1194, and his death changed the order of seniority among the Olgovichi: his only brother, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich became the new senior prince of the dynasty, and <mask> became the second in seniority in the family. Prince of Chernigov
On an unspecified date in 1198, prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich died, and <mask> succeeded him on the throne of Chernigov. One of his first tasks was to renew the alliances that Yaroslav Vsevolodovich had concluded with Roman Mstislavich of Vladimir-in-Volhynia; he also endorsed the alliances Yaroslav Vsevolodovich had made with Vsevolod III Yuryevich of Vladimir and the Rostislavichi. The same year, his brother-in-law, prince Vladimir Yaroslavich of Halych died, and his death created a political vacuum. Although, the Olgovichi could argue that their marriage ties with his dynasty gave them the right to rule Halych, however, Roman Mstislavich was the quickest off the mark and he captured Halych. When he died, as the prince of Chernigov, <mask> merited burial in the Cathedral of Holy Saviour. In the arts
On his campaign against the Cumans, a heroic poem was written which is the peak of Russian Bylinas.As a matter of fact, scholars still argue as to whether the Lay of <mask>’s Campaign is written in verse or in rhythmic prose; in either case, it is poetry at its height and its language is racy and powerful. Besides rhythm, the poetic elements of the Lay comprise an extremely rich imagery constructed primarily on parallels with nature, symbolism, poetic address, and lyric lamentation. In 1869, Vladimir Stasov, a major literary figure of 19th-century Russia, suggested to Alexander Borodin that an opera might be written on the subject of the Lay of <mask>’s Campaign. Borodin began to write his Prince <mask> but he left the opera unfinished at the time of his death nearly twenty years later. It fell to Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov to finish the orchestration and prepare Prince <mask> for publication and performance in 1890. Marriage and children
#before 1170: Unnamed (Evfrosinia) Yaroslavna, the second daughter of prince Yaroslav Volodymyrkovych of Halych by his first wife Olga Yuryevna of Kiev
Prince <mask> of Halych (October 8, 1170 – 1211 or after)
Unnamed <mask>evna (1171/1173 – after 1196), wife of David Olegovich
Oleg <mask> (end of 1174 – after 1183) died at an early age
Prince Svyatoslav <mask> of Vladimir-in-Volhynia (1176 – September, 1211)
Prince Roman II <mask> of Halych (1177/1179 – September, 1211)

Ancestors

See also
Prince <mask>uman people
Battle of Kalka River
Solar eclipse of 1 May 1185
The Lay of <mask>'s Campaign

Footnotes

Sources
Dimnik, Martin: The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246; Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge; . Jellinek, George: History through the Opera Glass: From the Rise of Caesar to the Fall of Napoleon; Proscenium Publishers Inc., 2000, New York; .Vernadsky, George: Kievan Russia; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; . Zenkovsky, Serge A.: Medieval Russia’s Epics, Chronicles and Tales; Penguin Group, 1974; . Dimnik, Martin. Battle of Kayala River (1185).The Encyclopedia of War 2011
Anatoly Vorony. In Search of the River Kayala. Day, Kiev. 12 December, 2000
Alexander IlYIN.SECRET OF THE BATTLE ON THE KAYALA RIVER. «VREMYA», Tuesday March 13 2001

1151 births
1200s deaths
Olgovichi family
Princes of Novgorod-Seversk
Princes of Chernigov
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
The Tale of <mask>'s Campaign

masks:
Igor Svyatoslavich
Igor Svyatoslavich
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Svyatoslavich
Igor
Igor
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Igor
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Svyatoslavich
Vladimir Igorevich
Igor
Igor
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Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igor
Igorevich
Vladimir Igorevich
Igor
Igor
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Igor
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Vladimir Igorevich
Igor
Igorevich
III Igorevich
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Igor C
Igor
Igor


title: Yelena Mizulina

texts:
<mask> (, born December 9, 1954) is a Russian politician. She served as a member of the State Duma between 1995 and 2003 and again between 2007 and 2015, and has been a member of the Federation Council since 2015. <mask> came to prominence in 2012 over the drafting of controversial laws concerning the rights of the LGBT community in Russia and the adoption of Russian orphan children by foreigners. She was Chair of the Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs between 2011 and 2015. She has changed her political affiliation several times, having served public office on behalf of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the liberal Yabloko and Union of Right Forces parties and went on to represent the region of Omsk in the Duma as a member of the social democratic A Just Russia party. She holds a doctoral degree in law. She has received distinctions in Russia for her work as a lawyer including the Honoured Lawyer of Russia title.Due to the Crimean crisis, she was sanctioned by Canada and the United States on March 17, 2014. Biography

Yaroslavl
<mask> Borisovna <mask> was born on December 9, 1954, in the city of Buy in Kostroma Oblast, Soviet Union. In 1972 she began studying at the Faculty of Law and History of the Yaroslavl State University where she first met her future husband Mikhail Mizulin. They were married after their fourth year as undergraduates at university. She graduated in 1977 with a law degree and worked as a research assistant of the same university. Between 1977 and 1984, she worked as a consultant, and then from 1984, as head consultant in the Yaroslavl regional court. In parallel she obtained a Candidate of Sciences degree via distance learning from the Kazan State University.In 1983 she successfully defended a dissertation entitled "The nature of supervisory review in the criminal process (based on the material provided by the Yaroslavl Regional Court)". In 1985, she became Senior Research Associate to Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky. Her husband later confessed that he had taken advantage of his job as the head of the ideology in the Yaroslavl Oblast to obtain the job for <mask>. In 1987, Muzilina obtained the status of head of department of Russian history, heading the faculty until 1990. She remained a member of the Communist Party until 1991. In 1992, she obtained a Doctor of Science in Law degree (see Education in Russia) entitled Criminal code: the concept of self-limiting country at the Institute of State and Law.In regard to this dissertation <mask> <mask> has publicly declared the following: "It seemed that what I wrote was unique, and that I was indeed a learned person of God" (in Russian "казалось, что то, что я написала — уникально, что я, действительно, учёный от Бога"). Between 1992 and 1995, she was a docent and subsequently a professor at Yaroslavl State University. Member of Yabloko
In 1993, she joined the Russian legislature from the political union "The Russian Choice" and was elected to the Federal Council (upper house of parliament in the Russian Federation), where she became the Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Constitutional Legislation and Judicial and Legal Matters, a member of the Committee on Regulation of Parliamentary Procedures. In 1995, she joined the opposition pro-democratic political party Yabloko and the group "Reformi – the new direction" (in Russian "Реформы — новый курс"). From 1995 and on, she was the head of the Yaroslavl regional and public organisation Ravnovsie (in Russian "Равновесие" he Federation Council). In December 1995, Muzilina was elected a member of parliament Duma from the Kirov region representing the political party Yabloko. As a result, she resigned her position in the Federation Council in January 1996.As a parliament member of the Duma, she held the position of the Deputy Chairman of Committee on Legislation and Judicial-legal Reforms and Deputy of the Subcommittee on Matters of State building and Constitutional Rights of Citizens. Muzilina was also involved in the legal implementation of the failed attempt to carry out the impeachment of Boris Yeltsin. In December 1999, she was elected member of Russian parliament, the Duma, from the Yabloko party. In July 2000, she became the head of the 'Yaroslavl Union of Democratic Forces' (in Russian "Ярославский союз демократических сил"), which was composed of members of the Yabloko party and the Union of Right Forces. Member in Union of Right Forces

In February 2001, she announced that she would discontinue her membership in the Yabloko party and in June of the same year she joined the Union of Right Forces party. She explained her decision to leave Yabloko by the fact that she was "ashamed to be in a party that had obtained only 5% during elections. This had become a moral problem".Her former colleagues from Yabloko and Union of Right Forces Sergey Mitrokhin and Leonid Gozman have accused <mask> <mask> of changing her political affiliation to keep up with political trends. After the Union of Right Forces lost the 2003 legislative elections, <mask>, no longer an elected parliament member, was appointed to the Constitutional Court of Russia as the representative of the Duma. In this position, she was a proponent of local governors being no longer elected but rather directly nominated by the president of the Russian Federation. As a member of the Constitutional Court, she also worked as the Deputy Head of the Legal Department of the Duma and she graduated from the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration in 2005. Membership in A Just Russia

In 2007, she was elected to the Duma as a member of A Just Russia party. In January 2008, she became the chairman of the Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs. Originally A Just Russia put forward another candidate, Svetlana Goryacheva, for this position, which was not well accepted by the United Russia party, and <mask>'s candidature was offered as a compromise.In 2010, <mask> received a medal from the World Congress of Families. In 2011, she was re-elected to the Duma as a member of the A Just Russia party. In December 2011 she became the Chairman of the Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs. On March 17, 2014, the next day after the Crimean status referendum, <mask> became one of the first seven persons who were put by President Obama under executive sanctions. The sanctions freeze her assets in the US and ban her from entering the United States. On January 23, 2017, she announced her intention to quit A Just Russia. Legislative work

<mask> <mask> is among the lead authors of a set of controversial legislative projects including:
2010 bill on On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development
2012 Internet Restriction Bill.Future amendment to the bill On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development that would block all websites containing swearing and the usage of mat. Opponents to the Internet Restriction Bill stressed that under the pretext of protecting children, this bill provides overwhelming tools for a broad scale Internet censorship and a limitation of freedom of speech in Russia. This protest has leading to public outcry such as the Russian-language Wikipedia strike. On June 10, 2012, she incriminated foreign intervention in these protests and therefore, she announced that she would issue an inquiry to the ministry of justice of the US. She also claimed that the Internet protests were organized by a "pedophile lobby". 2013 Anti-Magnitsky bill denying Americans the right to adopt Russian children. Following this proposal, US authorities have responded by proposing to include Y<mask>, along with Vitaly Milonov within the Magnitsky list of banned Russian personalities.2014 bill preventing women from entering higher education before giving birth. 2017 bill to decriminalise domestic violence "first assaults which cause less serious injuries" to an administrative offence. On November 14, 2012, <mask> Muzilina declared that the 'prophylactic goals' of Internet Restriction Bill of ' acquiring a safe information space on the web without making use of punitive measures' had been accomplished. She also disclosed a possible future legislative project that would prevent access to sites previously included in the Russian Internet blacklist. Among such portals are expected to fall rublacklist.net belonging to Pirate Party of Russia. Views on marriage, family and sexual relations
<mask> <mask> in recent times became concerned with birth rates, in her role as Chair of the Duma Committee on Family, Women and Children Affairs. In an interview with Vladimir Posner she has expressed the following views: "Analyzing all the circumstances, and the particularity of territorial Russia and her survival ...I came to the conclusion that if today we want to resolve the demographic crisis, we need to, excuse me, tighten the belt on certain moral values and information, so that giving birth and raising children become fully valued". Position on abortion
<mask> Muzilina believes in limiting women's right to abortion. She has proposed to let abortions remain free of charge only for medical reasons and in cases of rape. In all other cases, she believes abortions should be billed to the abortion-seeking woman. She has also publicly spoken out against abortions being carried out in private medical institutions, and in favor of a ban on selling products that result in abortions without a prescription from a physician. She believes in obtaining the consent of the husband by all married women before carrying out an abortion, and in the case of underaged women – the consent of their parents. In July 2013, <mask> <mask> was part of a group of members of parliament that proposed legislation affecting the Offences Code of Russia that would result in a fine of 1 million rubles on doctors and medical institutions that carried out abortions on women without providing them a 'waiting period' to reflect on their decision to abort.It was also proposed to fine the pregnant women that did not respect this "quiet time" up to 3,000–5,000 rubles. Position on family and marriage
<mask> <mask> has

masks:
Yelena Borisovna Mizulina
Mizulina
Yelena
Mizulina
Yelena
Yelena
Mizulina
Yelena
Mizulina
Mizulina
Mizulina
Mizulina
Mizulina
Yelena
Mizulina
. Mizulina
Yelena
Yelena
Mizulina
Yelena
Yelena
Mizulina
Yelena
Mizulina


title: Yelena Mizulina

texts:
 expressed strong views concerning the adoption of Russian children by US citizens: "This is just mean, not to say despicable. Russia has never defended its interest at the expense of children". Two month later, she voted for the Anti-Magnitsky bill, a law that bans United States citizens from adopting Russian children. In June 2012, the Duma Committee on matters of Family that Mizulina presides, rendered public a project entitled "The State Concept of Family Policy until 2025", which proposes amongst other things, several controversial elements including the following:
introduce a tax on divorce
condemns the birth of a child out of wedlock
proposes new restrictions on abortion
strongly condemns homosexuality
proposes to strengthen the role of the church in passing legislation relative to family matters
to increase the number of multi-generational families (families where grandparents, parents and grandchildren live together). recommends to actively advocate multiple births
determines that minimum sum of child support, and proposes it be implemented independently of whether the parent has an income or not. Opposition journalists including Alexander Nikonov have speculated that the divorce of Vladimir Putin that took place two days after the publication of the legislative project was precipitated by the proposed fine on divorce.After the publication of the "Concept", it was pointed out that some of the positions described in it had been plagiarized verbatim from a school report published in a free access on the Internet, which itself was plagiarized from a curriculum on family studies in the Tomsk Polytechnic University. In this context, she has also called for the removal from Russian airwaves of the satirical cartoon South Park. <mask> <mask> believes in raising the age of consent in sexual relations in Russia from 16 to 18 years. Contrary to the clause 30 of Citizen's health protection Law of Russia, she proposed to ban surrogate motherhood pointing out that the latter threatens not just for Russia to survive but also to the survival of entire humanity and is an analogy to the banning of nuclear weapons. Position on LGBT issues
<mask> <mask> is the author of several legislative projects directed against "propaganda of homosexuality" including the infamous Russian LGBT propaganda law. She believes that the phrase "gays are people too" should be considered potentially extremist by the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. <mask> <mask> is also in favor of confiscating children from gay parents, including biological parents.In July 2013, <mask> and , her deputy in the Duma Committee, filed a complaint at the Institution of Criminal Proceedings against the LGBT rights activist Nikolay Alexeyev. According to <mask>, Alexeyev is the "leader" of the LGBT community and has launched a campaign to discredit her, "to the detriment of Russia as a whole". Mizulina intends to ask for Alexeyev's punishment to be "in the form of compulsory work in a place where he can not proceed with propaganda, for example, driving a hearse". Representatives of the LGBT community have also appealed to the prosecutor's office with a complaint against <mask> for inciting hatred against homosexuals and for infringing on the LGBT rights in Russia. Accusation of political opponents of belonging to a "pedophile lobby"
<mask> <mask> has accused several of her political opponents of belonging to a so-called "pedophile lobby" She first suggested that "in the depths of the United Russia party there was a "pedophile lobby" that was against toughening the law on sexual offenses against minors in 2011 during the evaluation of the Criminal Code of Russia. Those opposing the law on On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development were also accused by <mask> <mask> of being part of a "pedophile lobby". In 2012, in regard to the Russian-language Wikipedia protest against the Duma's reading of the bill On Protecting Children from Information Harmful to Their Health and Development, <mask> said:

This is a coverup.Wikipedia itself is not threatened. I too use Wikipedia. Notice, how only the Russian-language version was closed down. Therefore [I believe that ..] this is an attempt to blackmail the Russian parliament. Behind this there stands a lobby, and suspicions are high that it is "pedophile lobby". In June 2013, the writer and former Russian Vice Prime Minister Alfred Koch published an article concerning <mask>'s son that lives in Belgium and works for the large international law firm called Mayer Brown that sponsors pro-gay associations and organizations and is among the hundreds on pro-LGBT rights organizations in Belgium, whilst his mother is waging war on homosexuality in Russia. In response to this, <mask> accused Koch of being a member of a "pedophile lobby".The journalist Andrei Malgin wrote a piece in his blog entitled "Great: anyone that <mask> doesn't like is a "pedophile lobby". Decriminalisation of domestic violence
In July 2016, The Moscow Times reported that Senator <mask> had proposed amendments to present legislation to downgrade spousal and child abuse from a criminal offense to an administrative misdemeanor offense. Mizulina publicly stated her opinion that the present laws against domestic violence, in which the convicted are subject to fines and a two-year prison sentence, are "absurd" suggesting that such a punishment is excessive for "just a slap." On 11 January 2017, during the first reading of the law, 368 Russian lawmakers voted in favour of the law, one deputy voted against and another abstained. Investigation of alleged defamation of Mizulina

In June 2013, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation opened a criminal investigation concerning the alleged defamation of <mask> Kostyuchenko
gay-rights activist Nikolay Alexeyev
journalist-socialite Kseniya Sobchak
economist, writer former Russian Vice-Prime Minister Alfred Koch

According to <mask> Mizulina bloggers disseminated false information concerning her alleged intention to ban oral sex in Russia. Ksenia Sobchak has communicated to the press that she was interrogated by an investigator on the topic of oral sex. Similarly, Alfred Koch claims that he was interrogated for three hours concerning the "gay-oral phobia of <mask>" and his position concerning the latter.Criticism
The Russian political scientist Mark Urnov has described the laws instigated by <mask> <mask> as "diverse, but having a single common quality – their capacity to spread intolerance. They are simply a legal expression of the intolerance and the suppression of everything that corresponds to one's personal views in regard to what is right and wrong". The writer Dmitri Bykov believes that <mask> <mask> is "constantly providing a legislative form for things that should remain a question of personal choice, which is far more dangerous than any gay pride parade". In April 2019 <mask> was widely quoted for her statement in defense of Russian Internet censorship laws, which were characterized as Orwellian by many journalists:

Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married and has two adult children. Her husband Mikhail Muzilin holds a PhD in Philosophy and is a docent at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. He was the head of the Yabloko party headquarters in Yaroslavl. He has also formerly served as dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Yaroslavl State University.Her son Nikolay Mizulin lives in Brussels with his wife and two children where he works as a lawyer in the firm Mayer Brown. This family connection caused a controversy when former Russian Vice Prime Minister Alfred Koch alleged that Nikolay's employer (allegedly gay-friendly) might be in breach of the anti-gay laws instigated by Russian government and spearheaded by Nikolay's mother. After the publication, Alfred Koch was interrogated by Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation for three hours, based on accusations by <mask> <mask>. Also, <mask> was quoted as saying that Alfred Koch is a part of "paedophile lobby", trying to hinder the Russian government's campaign against sexual criminals. <mask>'s daughter Ekaterina is the head of the Moscow Fund of Social-Legal Initiatives "The Rights Capital" (in Russian "Правовая столица"), a firm that acts as a financial intermediary, publishing and advertising, which was reported to belong in fact to <mask> <mask>. In the law proposed by <mask> Mizulina entitled "Concept of the State Family Policy until 2025." (in Russian "Концепции государственной семейной политики до 2025 года"), she has defined the 'ideal family' as marriage with the goal of commonly bringing up three or more children'.In this law she also proposes several generations of Russian parents, children and grandchildren should inhabit the same place. In a recent interview with the opposition radio station Echo of Moscow, <mask> when asked why she herself had not conformed with the 'ideal family' she responded the following way: "I wanted three children, Misha [Mikhail – her husband] also wanted three. But things happen as they did. Fate has given us two". In 1994, a polemic broke out when she requested a larger state-provided flat in the goal of exotic cat breeding. References

1954 births
Living people
People from Buy, Kostroma Oblast
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Yabloko politicians
Union of Right Forces politicians
A Just Russia politicians
Russian television personalities
Internet censorship in Russia
People of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
20th-century Russian politicians
21st-century Russian politicians
Conservatism in Russia
Female critics of feminism
20th-century Russian women politicians
21st-century Russian women politicians
Russian conspiracy theorists
Second convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Third convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Fifth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Sixth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
Members of the Federation Council of Russia (1994–1996)
Members of the Federation Council of Russia (after

masks: Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Mizulinalena Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Mizulina Mizulina Yelena Mizulina Yelena Mizulina


title: Clyde Beatty

texts:
<mask> (June 10, 1903 – July 19, 1965) was a famed animal trainer, zoo owner, and circus mogul. He joined Howe's Great London Circus in 1921 as a cage boy and spent the next four decades rising to fame as one of the most famous circus performers and animal trainers in the world. Through his career, the circus impresario owned several circuses, including his own Clyde Beatty Circus from 1945 to 1956. Biography

<mask> was born on June 10, 1903, in Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio, the eldest of nine children. He graduated from nearby Chillicothe High School, but had already succumbed to the world of the circus. On August 16, 1921, at dawn, he and Howard Smith clambered into a boxcar on the DT&I Railroad, bound for Washington Court House, Ohio, and joined Howe's Great London and Van Amburgh's Wild Animal Circus. His first and certainly influential boss was the legendary wild animal trainer Louis Roth.Next, he came under the tutelage of another great trainer, John "Chubby" Guilfoyle. By 1923 <mask> was working small mixed groups of big cats to start 42 uninterrupted seasons in the steel arena. Beatty became famous for his "fighting act", in which he entered a cage with wild animals with a whip and a pistol strapped to his side. The act was designed to showcase his courage and mastery of wild beasts. Through his career Beatty trained hippos, polar bears, brown bears, lions, tigers, cougars, and hyenas; sometimes, many brought together all at once in a single cage in a potentially lethal combination. At the height of his fame, the act featured as many as 43 lions and tigers of both sexes, for which Beatty still holds a world record for. and Beatty had his own rail car in the 35-car circus train.Young <mask>'s self-confidence and unabashed theatrics swiftly catapulted him to circus fame. Within merely a decade, the name <mask> became synonymous with the best and most exciting wild animal training ever seen under the Big Top! There have been suggestions that Beatty was the first lion tamer to use a chair in his act, but in an autobiographical book he disclaimed credit for this practice: "It was in use when I was a cage boy and had been used long before." <mask>'s fame was such that he appeared in films from the 1930s to the 1950s and on television until the 1960s. He was also the star of his own syndicated radio series, The Clyde Beatty Show, from 1950 to 1952. The weekly programs featured adventures loosely based on his real-life exploits. The stories were no doubt more fictitious than real, and Beatty actually appeared in name only; Vic Perrin (not identified as such to the radio audience) impersonated him on the show.<mask>'s "fighting act" made him the paradigm of a lion tamer for more than a generation. He was once mauled by a lion named Nero and was in the hospital for ten weeks as a result of the attack. However, he remained undaunted and faced down Nero in a cage for the 1933 film The Big Cage. At the height of <mask>'s fame, a caricature of <mask>, drawn by Alex Gard, was displayed at Sardi's restaurant in New York City and is now part of the Billy Rose Theatre Collection at the New York Public Library. In 1957, <mask> performed his act on The Ed Sullivan Show; he had complained during rehearsal that the stage was too small and unsafe for his act, but Sullivan convinced him to perform anyway. During the act, <mask> lost control of the act. To prevent the home audience from realizing the live performance had gone awry, Sullivan went into the audience to introduce some of the celebrity attendees.Luckily, <mask> was able to subdue the lions by firing blank cartridges, without injury to himself or the lions. A clip of the performance is included in a DVD of the best of the Sullivan show. <mask> married Harriett Evans (her name is often printed as "Harriet"), an aerialist, on September 16, 1933. The marriage lasted until her death in 1950 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, reportedly from a heart ailment. Their union seems to have been founded on a great deal of team spirit, and after a year or so she insisted on being trained as an animal trainer herself, which was highly unusual for a woman in those days. Beatty let her have an act in 1935, and she did well, proving to be popular with the public and the press. Her daughter Albina (born 1931), having learned animal training skills from her step father and mother, followed in their footsteps as a lion trainer.She stated that Beatty's teaching gift to her was understanding his instincts regarding the animals and how best to control them. <mask> died of cancer in 1965, at age 62, in Ventura, California, and was interred in the Forest Lawn–Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles. A museum has been opened in <mask>'s hometown of Bainbridge, Ohio celebrating the life and times of the circus mogul. Marriages

 Beatrice Ernestine Pegg - Married January 26, 1926. Divorced November 1st, 1932. 1 Child: <mask> Ferguson
 Harriett Evans - Married September 13, 1933. Harriett died on October 15, 1950 from a heart condition.1 Child: Albina Diana Davila <mask>
 Jane Lorraine Abel  - Married July 31, 1951. <mask> died on July 19, 1965 from esophageal cancer. 1 Child: <mask>ty Jr. Circus career

 1921 Howe's Great London, joined 16 August, Washington Court House, Ohio
 1922 Gollmar Bros (same show as above) until on 1 November when Beatty was picked up by the Hagenbeck-Wallace train on the way to Peru, Indiana along with hippo Victor to appear on the corporation's winter show 1923 John Robinson's-for the most part the
 1922 Gollmar show-frequently billed as "100th Anniversary"
 1924 John Robinson's
 1925-1934 Hagenbeck-Wallace (sometimes Carl Hagenbeck-Wallace)
 1931-1934 Played dates at Madison Square Garden & Boston Garden with Ringling Bros and Barnum & Bailey, then back to Hagenbeck-Wallace each year for road tours
 1935-1938 Cole Bros (sometimes Cole Bros-Clyde Beatty; Cole closed early on 15 August 1938)
 1938 Robbins Bros Beatty (same owners as Cole), Beatty joined 15 August for remainder of season
 1939 Million Dollar Pier, Atlantic City
 1940 Hamid-Morton- This show while under tents was the leased Wallace Bros Circus repainted. shows which are too numerous to list. Bibliography

1933 The Big Cage (co-author Edward Anthony)
1941 Jungle Performers (co-author Earl Wilson)
1965 Facing The Big Cats: My World of Lions and Tigers (co-author Edward Anthony)

Filmography

Cultural references

 In the 1997 film Fast, Cheap & Out of Control, the lion tamer Dave Hoover cites Beatty as a major influence on his career. The director, Errol Morris, used several clips from Beatty's films in his interviews with Hoover.In the 1981 television pilot of The Greatest American Hero, Ralph Hinkley is told by a fellow teacher that the "<mask>ty technique" is one way to use a chair to keep his unruly students "at bay". In the 1961 adventure film Hatari! John Wayne's character refers to the use of a chair in controlling a cheetah as a "<mask>ty routine"

See also

 Tiger versus lion

References

Sources
 Ohmart, Ben (2002). It's That Time Again. Albany: BearManor Media. . External links
The Clyde Beatty Exhibit

Clyde Beatty Show - OTR - Old Time Radio (11 episodes)

Clyde Beatty and Cole Bros. Circus records, 1959, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
 A Pictorial History of the Clyde Beatty Cole Bros.Circus

1903 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American circus performers
American male film actors
Animal trainers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Circus owners
Deaths from cancer in California
Elephant trainers
Lion tamers
Male actors from Ohio
People from Bainbridge, Ross County, Ohio

masks:
Clyde Beatty
Clyde Raymond Beatty
Clyde
Clyde
Clyde Beatty
Beatty
Beatty
Beatty
Clyde
Beatty
Beatty
Beatty
Beatty
Beatty
Clyde
Joyce Beatty
Beatty
Clyde
Clyde Beat
Clyde Beat
Clyde Beat


title: Edward Lawson, 4th Baron Burnham

texts:
Major-General <mask>, 4th <mask>, CB, DSO, MC, TD (16 June 1890 – 4 July 1963), was a British newspaper executive and Territorial Army officer who served with distinction in both World Wars. Early life and family
Lawson was born on 16 June 1890, the eldest son of Colonel William Levy-Lawson (1864–1943) and his wife Sibyl Mary Marshall, eldest daughter of Lt-Gen Sir Frederick Marshall. His father was the younger son of <mask>, 1st Baron <mask>, proprietor of The Daily Telegraph and had served in the Scots Guards and then in the part-time Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry (Royal Bucks Hussars), with which he had won a Distinguished Service Order (DSO) during the 2nd Boer War. His first  cousin  was the  Hon. Mrs  Dorothy Coke (née  Levy-Lawson, died 1937),  wife of Major the Hon. Sir John Coke (died 1957). His  daughter Lucia wrote a  book  about Hall Barn, her home  from  age 11  and the  seat of the <mask>ham family.<mask> was educated at Eton College and Balliol College, Oxford, where he obtained a third-class degree in modern history in 1913 and played Polo for the university. In 1910 he was commissioned into the Royal Bucks Hussars, of which his father became Honorary Colonel in 1913. On leaving Oxford, Lawson joined the family newspaper, the Daily Telegraph, as a reporter, first in Paris and then in New York. On the outbreak of war in 1914 he returned to the UK to serve with the Royal Bucks Hussars. World War I
The Royal Bucks Hussars was embodied on the outbreak of war and went to its war station near Bury St Edmunds, later joining a concentration of mounted troops around Churn on the Berkshire Downs. In November the 2nd Mounted Division, of which the Royal Bucks formed part, was sent to guard the East Coast in Norfolk. In April 1915 the division was shipped to Egypt, where it was reorganised as a small dismounted division and sent to Gallipoli.2nd Mounted Division landed at Suvla Bay on the night of 17/18 August, with Lawson acting as landing officer. Three days later it was sent into action at the Battle of Scimitar Hill, when it was intended to push through to the second objective after the main Turkish positions had been captured. The Yeomanry moved up at 17.00, marching from their bivouacs across the plain of the Salt Lake, where they 'presented such a target as artillerymen dream of'. On reaching Chocolate Hill they paused to reorganise before moving on towards Scimitar Hill through blinding dust and smoke, with little idea of what they were supposed to do and suffering heavy casualties. Most of the division halted at Green Hill, but Brigadier-General Lord Longford led his 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade (including the Royal Bucks Hussars) in a charge over Green Hill and up to the summit of Scimitar Hill. Longford was killed, and his men were finally driven from the summit. The casualties at Scimitar Hill had been so severe, and manpower wastage through the summer was so heavy, that the 2nd South Midland Mounted Brigade had to be temporarily reorganised as a single regiment, and was evacuated to Egypt in November for rest and recuperation, where it was reunited with its horses.After service in the Senussi Campaign with the Western Frontier Force, the Royal Bucks Hussars went to Palestine to join the Imperial Mounted Division, with which it served in the First and Second Battles of Gaza. The regiment then transferred to the Yeomanry Mounted Division and fought with it in the Third Battle of Gaza and at the Battle of Mughar Ridge, where it participated in a notable mounted charge. It was involved in Allenby's entry into Jerusalem. In April 1918 the Royal Bucks Hussars went to France to serve on the Western Front, but Lawson was not with them: he had been appointed at age 26 acting Lieutenant-Colonel to command the 1st County of London (Middlesex) Yeomanry, which continued to serve with the Desert Mounted Corps in Palestine for the rest of the war, including the Battle of Megiddo. During the final pursuit towards Damascus, Lawson's regiment was lent to T. E. Lawrence, under whose orders it charged the enemy rear and drove them into a trap, completing the destruction of the Turkish Fourth Army. During the war Lawson was awarded a DSO, MC and three mentions in despatches. Newspaperman
After the war, Lawson returned to the Daily Telegraph, where he was known as 'The Colonel', and served as effective second-in-command to his uncle Harry Levy-Lawson, 2nd Baron Burnham, who had inherited the newspaper and been created Viscount Burnham.On 28 January 1920 he married Marie Enid Robson, only daughter of Hugh Scott Robson. The Daily Telegraph was losing circulation, and to Lawson's disappointment his uncle decided to sell it to the Berry Brothers in 1927. Sir William Berry (soon to be created Lord Camrose) was impressed by Lawson's ability and made him general manager of the business. Lawson joked that this was because he was the only person capable of finding his way around the labyrinthine Telegraph offices. Lawson was a moderniser and skilful negotiator, supervising the installation of new printing plant, the takeover of The Morning Post in 1937, and chairing the labour committee of the Newspaper Publishers' Association for 25 years. After his father succeeded as 3rd Baron Burnham in 1933, he was styled the Hon. <mask>.Territorial officer
Lawson maintained his links to the Territorial Army between the wars, helping the Royal Bucks Hussars to convert to Royal Artillery and then to merge with the Berkshire Yeomanry to form the 99th (Buckinghamshire and Berkshire Yeomanry) Field Brigade, Royal Artillery, which he commanded from 1929 until 1933 (his uncle, Viscount <mask>, was also the regiment's Honorary Colonel). Unusually for a Territorial officer, he was appointed Commander, Royal Artillery, (CRA) of 48th (South Midland) Division in 1938, with the rank of Brigadier. World War II
On the outbreak of war, 48th Division was mobilised, and it landed in France as part of the British Expeditionary Force in January 1940. When the Germans invaded France and the Low Countries in May, the BEF moved forward to occupy pre-planned positions in Belgium, but the rapid German breakthrough into France caused it to retreat towards Dunkirk. On 23 May, 48th Division was pulled out to form a new defence line along the canal between Saint-Omer and the coast. Lawson was sent with 'X Force' of artillery, machine guns and infantry ahead of the division to occupy the chosen positions. However, the unexpected surrender of Belgian forces on 27 May 1940 led to a gap appearing between 48th Division in action around Saint-Omer and the coast at Nieuwpoort.Until II Corps could arrive to plug this gap, Lawson was responsible for what the Official History calls 'the most dangerously exposed part of the bridgehead'. He was ordered by the commander of the Dunkirk perimeter, Lt-Gen Ronald Adam to improvise a defence line along the canal and prevent the Germans breaking through to the vital beaches east of Dunkirk where much of the BEF was waiting to be evacuated. At 11.00 on 28 May, advanced German troops reached the canal line, but Lawson seized on the Territorial gunners of 53rd (London) Medium Regiment, RA who were marching towards Dunkirk having fired off all their ammunition and destroyed their guns. Together with detachments of Regular gunners from 2nd Medium Regiment and 1st Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, and sappers from 7th Field Company Royal Engineers, they fought as infantry to hold the line. They came under heavy mortar and machine-gun fire, and the Germans seized a bridgehead at Nieuwpoort, but all subsequent attacks that day were repulsed. Lawson's scratch force was relieved next day and then evacuated to Britain. Lawson was awarded a CB for distinguished service in this campaign.In February 1941 he was promoted to Major-General and appointed General Officer Commanding the new Yorkshire County Division, responsible for three Independent Infantry Brigades that had been organised for Home Defence from newly raised battalions. On the death of his father on 14 June 1943, <mask> succeeded as 4th Baron Burnham of Hall Barn, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, and as the 4th Baronet. With his newspaper background, Lawson became Senior Military Adviser to the Ministry of Information and was Director of Public Relations at the War Office from 1943 to 1945. Postwar
Lord <mask> returned to the Daily Telegraph as managing director in 1945, remaining in the post until his retirement in 1961. He died in the Middlesex Hospital on 4 July 1963, and was succeeded as 5th Baron by his eldest son. Family
Lord and Lady Burnham had three children:
 <mask> Harley Lawson, 5th Baron Burnham, (1920–1993)
 Hon Lucia Edith Lawson (1922–2011), married Roger Marquis, 2nd Earl of Woolton, divorced 1953. Hugh John Frederick Lawson, 6th Baron Burnham, (1931–2005)

Publications
 Peterborough Court: The Story of the Daily Telegraph, 1955.Awards
 Companion of the Bath
 Distinguished Service Order
 Military Cross
 Territorial Decoration
 Three Mentions in despatches

Notes

References
 C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, History of the Great War: Military Operations Gallipoli, May 1915 to the Evacuation, London: Heinemann, 1932/Imperial War Museum & Battery Press, 1992, ISBN, 0-89839-175-X. Maj A. F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56), London: HM Stationery Office, 1935/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, . Sir Arthur Bryant, The Turn of the Tide, 1939–1943, London: Collins, 1957. David L. Bullock, Allenby's War: The Palestine-Arabian Campaigns 1916–1918, London: Blandford Press, 1988, . Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 100th Edn, London, 1953. Lt-Col Ewan Butler and Maj J.S. Bradford, The Story of Dunkirk, London: Hutchinson/Arrow, nd.Major L. F. Ellis, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940, London: HM Stationery Office, 1954. (Online at .) T. E. Lawrence, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, London: Jonathan Cape, 1935/Penguin Classics, 1962, ..
 Norman E. H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, . John North, Gallipoli: The Fading Vision, London: Faber & Faber, 1936. F. W. Perry, Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A. The Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and those in East Africa, Newport: Ray Westlake Military Books, 1992, . F. W. Perry, History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 5b: Indian Army Divisions, Newport: Ray Westlake, 1993, .Huw Richards, 'Lawson, <mask>, fourth Baron Burnham (1890–1963)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: University Press, 2004–15. External sources
 53rd London Medium Regiment website
 Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth (Regiments.org)

|-

People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
The Daily Telegraph people
Edward 4
Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry officers
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the Military Cross
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Artillery officers
British Army generals of World War II
Eldest sons of British hereditary barons
1890 births
1963 deaths
20th-century English businesspeople

masks:
Edward Frederick Lawson
Baron Burnham
Edward Levy Lawson
Burnham
Baron Burn
Edward Lawson
Edward Lawson
Burnham
Edward Lawson
Burnham
William Edward
Edward Frederick