title: LiQin Tan

texts:
<mask> (谭力勤 born 1957) is a Chinese-born American digital artist, animator, researcher and educator who has taught in China, Canada, Singapore and the United States. Biography

<mask> is a full professor and co-director of art program at Rutgers University-Camden. He has served as a board member of the Digital Art Committee, SIGGRAPH and as a juror for the digital art gallery at SIGGRAPH. He was also one of the activists during the ’85 art trend of China. In addition, he has previously worked as an art director, animator, graphic designer and executive art editor in local and board industries. Since transferring to the field of digital art, he has pioneered the "Digital-Primitive” and “Digital Nature” concepts, which has won great acclaim and a number of awards from both American and international art scenes. His artwork has been exhibited nationally and internationally in both solo and group shows.Such as SIGGRAPH (‘02-’07), Electronics Alive IV, iDMAa04-08, the National Art Museum of China, Moscow Int’l Festival of Animation & Media Art, the Beijing World Art Museum, the Vancouver Art Gallery, the Shanghai DuoLun Museum of Modern Art, the National Centre for Computer Animation in UK, the Centre D’Art Contemporaine in Montreal, the Singapore Art Museum, the LaSalle Univ. Art Museum, the Noyes Museum of Art, the Jiangsu Art Gallery, Beijing Song Zhuang Art Museum and the Guang Dong Art Museum, amongst others.,

<mask>'s art research since 2000 has focused mainly on the merging of conceptual animation, animation installation, interactive animation, and digital prints on rigid materials. His resulting work was awarded first place from the 5th Digital Art and Computer Animation Competition by the Beecher Center for Art and Technology, the "Best of Show" at iDEAa. He has also been awarded first place, as well as the excellence prize from the China Academy Awards., the Award of Excellence by the International Digital IV, the Award of Excellence at the Global Media Competition from gallery international etc. In recent years, he has concentrated on exploring the relationship between technological singularity and art, and how this interface will change the creative force and provide a blueprint for future art expansion, which has conducted experiments with major art advances in technology such as strong AI-art, interactive art, bio-art, nanoart, VR-art, 4D printing and any other new technological art forms combined. His publications include a number of articles regarding technological singularity art, contemporary art, art criticism, art education, and animation. In addition to these articles are his books and catalogues, such as Singularity Art: How Technological Singularity Will Impact Art, Singularity: Subversive BioArt,Digital Natural Art, Digital Artwork Collection II, Character Animation & Rigging, and Tan On Art/Art On <mask>.His in-progress books are: Singularity: Invisible Art and Singularity: Strong A.I. Art. Early life
1957: Born in Hengshan County, Hunan, China into an educators’ family. Father: high school principal, Mother: elementary school teacher. 1966-1968: Joined the “Little Red Guards” during the Cultural Revolution and learned Chinese through writing "3-Character Classic” posters. School often closed, with teachers’ families tucked into a sealed library to read - his favorites were comics and popular science books. 1969-1970: Moved from the city to father's old farm-house in the countryside.1971-1972: Enrolled at the Hengdong 5th High School and won several math competition awards with the guidance of Math teacher Xie. 1973-1975: Was An instructor at Dapu Town Elemental School and participated in country art activities. 1975-1976: Well-known artists Zhong Zhengya and Mr. Liao Xianwu became his masters; Drawings, sketches, watercolors were on his training curriculum, and transportation stations, ferry docks, and flea markets were the best sites for his sketch practicing. 1976-1977: Hired as the design-artist at the Headquarter of the Hengdong Yangtong Hydra Station; Responsibilities included large posters, giant propaganda paintings, giant banners and endless rostrum design for more audiences in the tens of thousands. The boiling popular site was the best materials for his art and his first large site sketch was published by Hengyang Daily. 1977-1978: Hired as design-artist at Hengdong Radio Equipment Factory. 1978-1981: Admitted to fine arts department of the Hengyang Normal University and won provincial and city art awards.By "Talent Study" impacts, drilled into a cold research on "art education and psychology" with encouragement from famous aesthetician Hong Yiran, read books on aesthetics, education and psychology, and the first article was published in the Hengyang Teachers' College Magazine. 1981-1982: Stayed on school as a faculty to taught Chinese figure painting, human anatomy; Studied at School of Fine Arts at Hunan Normal University. Education Research published two art education articles, and participated in Hunan Minorities Art Exhibition and Hunan ‘81 Art Exhibition with 2nd place award. 1982-1984: Studied at the Art History Department of the Central Academy of Fine Arts and Learned Chinese and Western art history thoroughly. The concepts of contemporary Western art changed his way of thinking completely and won 2nd place from Student Art Competition at Central Academy of Fine Arts. 1984: Married Ms. Dong in the summer, in Changsha City; She was a high school Chinese teacher at the time. Returned to Hengyang Normal University as faculty and taught Chinese art history and Chinese figure painting.Works were entered into the 6th National Art Exhibition and Hunan award-winner exhibition; Won a number of awards. Participated in a number of theoretical seminars for 6th National Art Exhibition in Nanjing and raised a few strong concepts sharply against the prevailing conservative viewpoint. Attended National Aesthetic Seminar at Zhangjiajie, Hunan. 1985-1987: As an art editor at Hunan Fine Arts Publishing House, founded an avant-garde art magazine Painter with others. Actively participated in the ‘85 Art Trend, such as seminars, exhibitions and group activities, and first spotted and strongly recommended Gu Wenda’s art with large layout publications; Later recommendations include: Huang Yongping, Wang Guangyi, Shu Qun, Tian Liming, Zhang Jianjun, Li Shan, Wang Chuan, Cao Li, Cha Li, etc. ; Middle-aged artist included Liu Kuo-Sung, Xiao Qin, Li Shinan, Shi Hu, etc. Participated twice at the Hubei Art Critic Seminars; Worked as a contributing editor for Art Trend; Met many famous art critics.Invited by Wang Guangyi, participated in Zhuhai Seminar and worked as a juror for ‘85 Slides Art Tour Exhibition. When slide show tour arrived in Changsha, Dao Minglu, Zhu Qingsheng, Wang Xiaojiang and he swam across the Xiangjiang river. Participated in the HunanYoung Artists Art Exhibition in National Art Museum and other art exhibitions, and completed “Retrieved to Original" installation series, and "Lady and Square" futuristic Chinese painting and won a number of art awards. Proposed a "Future Leads Today” and "Reversed Returning" concepts; Article "The Future Vision of Chinese Art Concepts" was published by Art Trend (first issue) and won an award of excellence. Received strong response letters from young artists nationally and welcomed visitors around country soon after. Painter published his articles "Bud of the North" (recommended North group such as Wang Guanyi and Shu Qun), "On Shi Hu’s Art Works: Running with Bound Foot” and “On Wood Carving: A Multi-Level, Dynamic Contextual Dimension"; Art Trend published "Gender Harmony & Yin-Yang Perfection"; Modern Photography published "Generation Gap & Generation Symbiosis." Modern Art Theory book collected his two articles: "Art Criticism Approaches: A Scattered Senses Theory" and "Black and White - I, Huang Yong Ping and Huang Yong Ping's work."Art reviewed his "Retrieved to Original" work on the December 1986 issue by famous art critic Su Xiaohua (Shu Qun), Zhou Yan etc. Youth has a special report "Tan LiQin’s World," author Xie Yong in the June 1987 issue. Art Work

Primitive Level-Signals ( 2012 )
Digital Prints Installation w/ Signal Devices
Applies spirit levels as a signal to describe a natural phenomenon in humans, where human brain development is an equalized procedure. The competing concepts of the brain—whether the battle of the brain's size versus its intellectual capacity, or of its technological versus its spiritual side—are always kept in equilibrium. Refractive Brain Therapy Series ( 2010 )
Animation Installation w/ Digital Prints, Water & Glass

The project consists of a few large digital-brain prints on metal, which are placed into later, water-filled vats. This series shows a unique understanding of refractivity in both natural phenomena and social truth. These prints are placed alongside other animation installations and LCD monitors.Agricultural Implements Series  ( 2008 )
Interactive Animation w/ Agricultural Implements

This large animation installation emphasizes “cultural-revelation” and “great-leap-forward” content, and the conflict between industrialization and agriculture. It does so interactively, through ancient Chinese agricultural implements, such as a normal winnower, a middle-sized grindstone, and a Chinese scale. Digitally Bloodless Series  ( 2008 )
Installation in Kind w/ Digital Prints

This series explores the paradox of state that humans inhabit—physically passionate, yet technologically bloodless; though technologically advanced, we still operate off our primitive urges—an obvious and ongoing contradiction of state. Rusty Faces Series ( 2006-2007 )

Animation Installation w/ Digital Prints & LCD TVs

This series consists of three, large digital prints on copper, and four rust animations displayed on seven LCD TVs. Our work ethic and life attitude determine the degree to which we rust. With digital animation technology, "Rusty-Faces" presents a contemporary artistic interpretation of the deterioration of mind, body, and spirit by harmful and self-destructive human behaviors. BurlHair Series and LavaBody Series  ( 2005-2006 )
Animation Installation w/ Digital Rock Prints, Mirrors & LCD TVs

3D lava body/hair images are printed on a rock surface, a procedure that involves using printing technology on exotic materials.Each of my rock prints is the result of extensive research in terms of color consistency and material experimentation. The Matrox multi-display system allows the synchronized flow of animation among the six displays. The convex index, image shape, and dimension of the mirror generate an accurate virtual reflection of the lava animation. The convex index determines the size of the reflected lava animation, while the image shape determines the distance. Burl + 4 Series  ( 2004-2005 )
Animation Installation w/ Digital Wood-prints & LCD TVs

Includes various 3D images of different species, including human bodies and plants that are textured and formed by burl. These images are printed on various natural wood surfaces. The “Burl+4” series includes “BurlNuts+4,” “BurlBody+4,” “BurlFlower+4,” “BurlStampArm+4,” and “BurlHead + 4,” each of which is a group of pieces.Natural wood shapes, human bodies, and primitive, folk, and contemporary art inspired the innovation of these 3D images. Related animation is screened alongside the prints on four LCD TVs. “Digital Nature” is the main theme in this art exploration. Rawhide Series  ( 2000-2004 )

Digital Rawhide Prints & Animation Projection
3D animation/modeling tribal-images are printed onto a rawhide surface using a digital inkjet printer. The rawhides are, in turn, stretched out by aluminum clamps and cotton strings, which are fastened to a naturally textured cedar wood frame. Various rawhides sizes and irregular shapes can be stretched using different lengths of strings at various angles. All frames are made from 4” x 4” cedar wood, and stand at 60” wide and 72” high.By incorporating the LCD TVs, the 3D animations associated with the 3D images play in synchronization beside or above the rawhide prints. Animation through Rawhide Projections
3D animation is projected onto both sides of the rawhides simultaneously. Due to the rawhides’ semi-transparency and roughly textured surface, the effects on the rawhides are spectacular, with both sides illuminated and in motion. This projection creates an illusion that the animation is permeating through the rawhides. The audience has the ability to admire the work from any angle. References

External links
 <mask>'s website
 LiQin <mask>, "Digital-Primitive Art Research: Animation Permeates Centuries-old Rawhides", IV, 2004, Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, Proceedings.Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation 2004, pp. 959–962, doi:10.1109/IV.2004.1320257

People from Hengshan County
American digital artists
Rutgers University faculty
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Chinese art educators
1957 births
Living people

masks:
LiQin Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan
Tan


title: Frederick Yeates Hurlstone

type: original

texts:
<mask>  (1800 – 10 June 1869) was an English portrait and historical painter. <mask> was born in London in 1800, the eldest son by his second marriage of Thomas Y<mask>, one of the proprietors of The Morning Chronicle (his great-uncle, Richard Hurleston, was a student of Joseph Wright of Derby). He began life in the office of his father's journal, but, while still very young, became a pupil of Sir William Beechey, afterwards studying under Sir Thomas Lawrence, and Benjamin Haydon. His first paid work was an altar-piece, painted in 1816, for which he received 20 pounds. In 1820 he was admitted as a student of the Royal Academy, where in 1822 he gained the silver medal for the best copy made in the school of painting, and in 1823 the gold medal for historical painting, the subject being The Contention between the Archangel Michael and Satan for the Body of Moses. He first exhibited in 1821, sending to the Royal Academy Le Malade Imaginaire and to the British Institution a View near Windsor. These were followed at the Academy in 1822 by The Return of the Prodigal Son and a portrait, in 1823 by five portraits, and in 1824 by his Archangel Michael and some more portraits.One of his best early works was A Venetian Page with a Parrot, exhibited at the British Institution in 1824. In 1824 also he contributed The Bandit Chief to the first exhibition of the Society of British Artists. He continued to send portraits to the Royal Academy until 1830, but in 1831 he was elected a member of the Society of British Artists, after which he seldom exhibited elsewhere. He was chosen president in 1835, and again in 1840, retaining the office until his death. He contributed to the society's exhibitions upwards of three hundred portraits and other works, among them being The Enchantress Armida, exhibited in 1831; Haidee aroused from her Trance by the sound of Music, 1834; Eros, 1836; Italian Boys playing at the National Game of Mora and the Prisoner of Chillon, 1837; The Scene in St. Peter's, Rome, from Byron's Deformed Transformed, 1839; The Convent of St. Isidore: the Monks giving away provisions, 1841; and a Scene in a Spanish Posada in Andalusia, 1843. In 1844 and, for the last time, in 1845 he again sent portraits to the Academy. His subsequent works at the Society of British Artists included The Sons of Jacob bringing the blood-stained garment of Joseph to their Father, 1844; Salute, Signore, 1845; A Girl of Sorrento at a Well, 1847; Inhabitants of the Palace of the Cæsars—Rome in the Nineteenth Century, 1850; Columbus asking Alms at the Convent of La Rabida, 1853; The Last Sigh of the Moor (or Boabdil el Chico, mourning over the Fall of Granada, reproached by his Mother), 1854; and Margaret of Anjou and Edward, Prince of Wales, in the wood on their flight after the Battle of Hexham, 1860.Besides these may be noted The Eve of the Land which is still Paradise and Constance and Prince Arthur. His later works, consisted mainly of Spanish and Italian rustic subjects, the outcome of several visits to Italy, Spain, and Morocco, made between 1835 and 1854. "His best pictures date from this period." "In the year 1836, in consequence of visiting Italy, Mr. Hurlstone in a great measure discontinued a style which had been attended with great success, and took to painting works in what Spaniards call the 'picaresco' style – a style which includes beggar-boys and vagabonds of Murillo and Velasquez. In his groups of Italian boys and girls, Mr. Hurlstone has given representations of an uncluttered life; often of that beauty which is united with wilderness, and this without the vulgarity with which such subjects are too often treated. In 1841, and again in 1852, he somewhat varied his subjects, by drawing his resources from Spain, which country he visited those years; but his style of treatment remained essentially the same. In the year 1854 the painter visited Morocco, and while in that semi-bararous locality, he painted several pictures, of which the principle on was a subject from the History of the Moors in Spain, entitled, Bobadil el Chico (the last king) Mourning over the Fall of Grenada, reproached by his Mother, which, together with his Italian Boys Playing the National Game of Mora, and his Constance and Arthur formed Mr. <mask>'s contributions to the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1855, when he received from the Emperor a gold medal of honour."Eleven of his best works were re-exhibited at the Society of British Artists in 1870. <mask> was also a successful portrait painter, one of his best heads being that of Richard, seventh earl of Cavan, exhibited at the Society of British Artists in 1833, and again, together with that of General Sir John MacLeod, at the National Portrait Exhibition of 1868. He was always much opposed to the constitution and management of the Royal Academy, and gave evidence before at the Parliamentary enquiry into the constitution of the Royal Academy in 1835 and again in 1836 to the select committee of the House of Commons. <mask> never became a member of the Royal Academy. He was elected president of the Royal Society of British Artists in 1835 and held the office until his death sending 326 works to their exhibitions. <mask> died at 9 Chester Street, Belgravia, London, on 10 June 1869, in his sixty-ninth year, and was buried in Norwood cemetery. Family and descendants

In 1836 Hurlstone married fellow artist Jane Coral who exhibited some watercolour drawings and portraits at the Royal Academy and the Society of British Artists between 1846 and 1850, but from 1850 to 1856 she contributed to the latter exhibition only fancy subjects in oil-colours.She died on 2 Oct. 1858, leaving issue two sons, one of whom was also an artist. <mask>'s grandson, William Martin <mask> <mask>, became a moderately well-known composer. Some representative Works

A Venetian Page (1824)
The Enchantress Armida (1831)
Eros (1836)
Prisoner of Chillon (1837)
The Peasant Girl of Sorrento (1847)
A Boy of Venice (1853)
Boabdil (1854)
Portrait of the 7th Earl of Cavan (1833)

Notes

References
Attribution

External links
Hurlstone online (ArtCyclopedia)
Sancho Panza Attended by his State Physician from the Tate Gallery
Self Portrait at the National Portrait Gallery, London

1800 births
1869 deaths
19th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century painters of historical subjects
English portrait painters
Members of the Royal Society of British Artists

masks:
Frederick Yeates Hurlstone
Life Hurlstone
. Hurlstone
Hurlstone
Hurlstone
Hurlstone
Hurlstone
Hurlstone
Yeates
Hurlstone


title: Cachorro López

texts:
<mask> (born 3 March 1956), known professionally as <mask>, is an Argentine record producer, musician and songwriter. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, he enrolled in various musical ensembles, including Zas and Los Abuelos de la Nada. <mask> has worked with several artists producing their albums, including Caifanes, Stephanie Salas, Andrés Calamaro, Paulina Rubio, Diego Torres and Miranda!. <mask> also was the executive producer of the tribute album for the English band Queen in 1997. His work has been recognized with two Latin Grammy Awards for Producer of the Year in 2006 and 2009, out of four consecutive nominations, and a Grammy Award for producing Limón y Sal by Julieta Venegas. Early life and career beginnings
<mask> attended Belgrano Day School and played rugby on his youth. During one training someone gave him the nickname "Cachorro" because of his height and clumsiness.<mask> lived in London during the 1970s, where he was part of the reggae band Jah Warrior, "Ibiza was the mecca, but not as a center of Raves and disco, but more pleasant," <mask> said. In 1979, <mask> returned to Argentina to renew his passport and after notice an interesting rock movement, he joined the new lineup of the rock band Los Abuelos de la Nada playing bass guitar. "There I met Miguel Abuelo, then there was a hitch and he took me to dinner at his girlfriend home and we were playing all night long. After that I went away with a reggae band on Bristol." He also played with the Bristol band Lola, featuring noted guitarist Steve Warrilow and legendary session drummer, Bill "Bilbo" Birks <mask> began his career as a record producer, when Los Abuelos de la Nada traveled to Ibiza to record Himno de Mi Corazón with English producer Robin Black, and the band manager, Daniel Grinbank, asked the band to behave and that one member should work as a liaison between them and the producer, the band decided that <mask> should do it, since he and Andrés Calamaro were already working as producers for Los Abuelos de la Nada on the past albums. At the same time he was devoted to the artistic production of musicians such as Divina Gloria and David Lebon. <mask> produced Gloria since he thought she was "a very interesting character" and he wanted to work with a woman.In 1982, <mask> was invited by Charly García for the live performance Yendo de la Cama al Living and in 1986 joined Miguel Mateos on the band Zas. Production work

While in Mexico working with Mateos, <mask> produced the first album for Mexican rock band Caifanes and also worked on their second album, El diablito, along Gustavo Santaolalla. <mask> produced in 1993 Ave María for Mexican singer Stephanie Salas. The album earned a Gold certification in Mexico. In 1997, Lopez was the executive producer for the album Tributo a Queen, a tribute disc to British band Queen, that featured Spanish-language versions of songs such as "We Are the Champions", "Save Me", "Some Day One Day" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives", performed by Soda Stereo, Fito Páez and Illya Kuryaki and the Valderramas. The project became highly successful in Latin America. About the album, <mask> said: "The 'Tribute' was very interesting because it put me in contact with a vast diversity of musicians from different countries and styles."The album included his favorite work as a producer: Molotov's "Bohemian Rhapsody/Rap, Soda y Bohemia". In 1998, along with artists such as Molotov, Cafe Tacuba, Julieta Venegas, Moenia, Beto Cuevas, and Aleks Syntek, he worked in another tribute, this time to José José in the successful album Un Tributo. In Argentina, <mask> worked with Argentinean singer songwriter Diego Torres. Their first collaboration, Tratar de Estar Mejor (1994), sold 700,000 units worldwide. <mask> also produced Tal Cual Es (1999) and Un Mundo Diferente (2001) for Torres, the latter included the song "Color Esperanza", written by Torres, Coti Sorokin and <mask>, which became an anthem of hope in Argentina, since it was released in the midst of the political and economical crisis in the country. The track was performed by children at most elementary schools back to back with the national anthem. Un Mundo Diferente became the best-selling album of 2002 in Argentina, selling 160,000 units and earned a Grammy Award nomination.<mask> produced Sí for Mexican singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. The album became very successful and Venegas managed to combine commercial success with the critical acclaim that had always adorned her solo career. The album received the Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album in 2004. In 2006, <mask> and Venegas worked together again for Limón y Sal, an album of "well-crafted pop songs that demand adoration." The album was awarded the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album and the Latin Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album. <mask> earned the Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year for his work on the albums Limón y Sal, Días Felices by Cristian Castro, the self-titled debut of Vanessa Colaiutta, and Belanova's, Dulce Beat. According to the Allmusic review of the album Dulce Beat, <mask> brought a "key sense of vibrancy to these songs".<mask> and Belanova worked together again in 2008 for Fantasía Pop. The album received the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album, Duo or Group and peaked at number-one in Mexico. In 2008, <mask> produced La Lengua Popular for his longtime friend Andrés Calamaro and received four Latin Grammy Award nominations, winning for Best Rock Solo Vocal Album. <mask> received his second award as Producer of the Year at the 10th Latin Grammy Awards for his work with Alex Ubago, Los Pericos, Los Amigos Invisibles, Miranda!, Reik, Manuel Carrasco and Paulina Rubio. <mask> produced Ananda (2006) and Gran City Pop (2009) for Paulina Rubio, and received Latin Grammy nominations for songs included on both albums. He has recently worked with singer Debi Nova on her second studio album Soy and produced Hasta la Raíz by Natalia Lafourcade in 2015, which earned him Latin Grammy Award nominations for Album of the Year and Record of the Year. Musical style
<mask> defines his musical style as eclectic."Los Abuelos were an eclectic group... I feel totally responsible for the musical direction of an album, but sometimes I have to write songs, play bass, arrange songs, so I don't have problems working with very different artists." He has two different approaches when writing his music, "many times I collaborate with the artists who I am producing. When we are choosing songs to include on the discs, I sometimes sit with them, as happened with Julieta, Andres Calamaro and Belanova." Also recognizes that when writing a song, "I don't write lyrics, I just write the music, I start with a riff or a simple melodic structure and build from that," changing his system according to the musical style he is working on. About the "Cachorro <mask> sound", he stated that he works on every album as something individual, trying not to repeat the formula on different artist, in order to avoid being boring and repetitive. References

1956 births
Living people
Argentine record producers
Argentine people of German descent
Argentine people of Spanish descent
Latin Grammy Award for Producer of the Year
Grammy Award winners
Argentine multi-instrumentalists
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin music record producers
Latin music songwriters

masks:
Gerardo Horacio López von Linden
Cachorro López
López
López
Gerardo López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López
López


title: Ye Ting

texts:
<mask> () (September 10, 1896 – April 8, 1946), born in Huiyang, Guangdong, was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the Northern Expedition to reunify China after the 1911 Revolution. After serving with the Kuomintang, <mask> later joined the Communist Party of China (CPC). Early life
<mask> was born on April 10, 1896 (August 4 of Guangxu 22nd year in Qing Dynasty) at Zhoutian village, Danshui town, in Guishan county, located in the Guangdong province. <mask>'s ancestors migrated from Ye county in Henan to the south, through Meizhou and Hingning, eventually settling in Guangdong. <mask>'s grandfather was <mask>, who had experience in medicine. <mask>'s father was <mask>, who travelled to Malaysia in his early life to work on a plantation, learning how to plant tropical fruits. After returning to his hometown, <mask>'s father rented 11 mus' of farmland and planted fruit trees to make a living.<mask>'s mother's last name is Wu and he is the eighth child in the family. <mask> was energetic and helped his father with farming when he was young. He was sent to the nearby Tengyun school to study. <mask> also studied at the Sericultural School of Huizhou in 1911. Before he left the school, his teacher Chen Jingru suggested that he change his name to <mask>g. Under the influence of the Second Guangzhou Uprising, <mask> led his schoolmates to cut their queue hairstyles and was expelled by his school. After this experience, <mask> entered Huizhou middle school.After the Xinhai revolution, <mask>'s father made <mask> marry Huang Chun, who was 2 years older, in an attempt to encourage his son to settle down. <mask> entered into Guangzhou Landforce Primary School in 1912. <mask> graduated from the school in December 1914 and traveled north to Hubei, studying military knowledge in Hubei Army Second Preparatory School. At the end of 1916 after earning a place on the Dean's list, <mask> was recommended for admission to Baoding Landforce Military Academy. During his studies at the military academy, <mask> gained access to a number of new ideas through reading New Youth and other journals and books. <mask> wrote to New Youth journal and raised the idea that "the root of morality" is at consciousness", and expressed his ideal of "reviving the dirty world and helped the weaks and the drowns". In 1918, he graduated from Baoding Landforce Military Academy.He planned to study abroad in Europe but failed due to lack of money. At this time, the old Guangxi clique leader Lu Rongting wanted <mask> to be the county magistrate of Huiyang, but <mask> refused. <mask> followed Sun Yat-sen to participate in the revolution of 1919 introduced by He Ziyuan, the general headquarter senate of Sun's Guangdong Army and one of the founding members of  the Xinhai revolution. <mask> then joined the Guangdong Army in Changchow of Fukien, eventually joining the Kuomintang. Military career
<mask> joined the Kuomintang when Sun Yat-sen founded it in 1919, becoming a battalion commander in the National Revolutionary Army in 1921. In 1920, Sun had ordered the Guangdong Army to attack Mo Rongxin of the Old Guangxi clique. <mask>'s reputation had spread after the Huangpijing battle when his troops defeated an enemy who had four times as many troops as his own army.In October 1920, <mask> took office as Deputy Battalion Commander of the Sapper Battalion. In 1921, he was transferred to the position of Battalion Commander of the guard regiment's second battalion of Sun's Marshall House of Land and Naval Forces. In June 1922, troops from the commander-in-chief of the Guangdong army bombarded the Marshall House. <mask> was ordered to guard the forecourt of the Marshall House and helped Sun's wife, Soong Ching-ling, to escape danger. In 1924, <mask> went to study at Communist University of the Toilers of the East in the Soviet Union. During this time, <mask> joined the Communist Youth League of China and accepted Marxism. In December 1924, Lvmo branch of the Communist Party of China, who accepted <mask> as a candidate Party member, having been introduced by Wang Ruofei and Wang Yifei.<mask> transferred to the Institute of Red Professors February 1925 for training in military tactics and history. In 1925, <mask> returned to China to serve first as a staff officer, then as an independent regiment commander in the Fourth Army of the National Revolutionary Army. In January 1926, <mask> joined the attack on Hainan Island. Due to Fourth Army commander Li Jishen's orders in May, the 12th Division joined the Northern Expedition and ordered Zhang Fakui to send <mask>'s 34th regiment ahead. In May 1926, he led an advance detachment in the Northern Expedition, with several victories in August. In September, <mask> besieged Wuchang, breaking through the defenses on October 10. He had led the entire effort to blast through the city walls.In 1927, he served as Deputy Division Commander of the 15th Division, Division Commander of the 24th Division of the 11th Army, and Deputy Commander of the 11th Army. <mask> formulated an officer and recruit training plan, and strictly applied a “4 exercises” and "3 lessons" rules to the army. <mask> paid a lot of attention towards political education and held several anti-violence and anti-corruption activities. In the middle of January 1926, <mask> followed the National Revolutionary Army in an attack on Hainan Island. The Fourth army then reorganized the 34th regiment to be an independent regiment of the Fourth Army, ordering it to travel to Hunan. In May 1926, <mask> led his troops as an advanced force in the Northern Expedition. He left Zhaoqing and Xinhui, then proceeded to the frontline in Hunan to attack Wu Peifu.After a two-day battle started on June 5, the independent regiment attacked and occupied You County in Hunan. On July 3, the 12th division of the Fourth Army came back from Hainan, met with the 35th and 36th regiments, then reformed as the complete 12th division in You County; they later attacked and occupied Liuyang on July 20. In August, the 12th division attacked the Tingsi Bridge in Xianning, Hubei. During this battle, <mask>'s independent regiment was used as the reserve team of the division. When the direct attack on Tingsi Bridge was not successful, <mask> investigated a small path towards the back of Tingsi Bridge. After the Deputy Commander of the Fourth Army, Chen Keyu, ordered <mask> to take a surprising attack on the back of Wu's army, the army achieved a complete win. After this battle, the independent regiment attacked and occupied several territories, including Taolinpu and Yindoushan.On August 30, the Fourth and Seventh Army of the National Revolutionary Army started to battle with Wu's Army. <mask> was the first one to attack the position of Wu's army, with other troops following in an attempt to improve the outcome of the battle, eventually taking Hesheng Bridge. <mask> led his troops to hemming in the opposing forces in Wuchang. During the battle in Wuchang, <mask> attacked the city wall, blowing it up. On October 10, <mask> led his troops to attack the city itself. <mask> was known as one of the “famous generals" in the North Expedition. The Fourth Army itself was called the “Iron Army” under their commander, Zhang Fakui.During the attack in Wuchang, <mask>'s independent regiment lost dramatically: the battalion commander of the first battalion died, while the second division of the northern expedition army, led by Liu Chi, assist in the attack. After Wuchang was attacked and occupied, the second division entered the city faster than <mask>'s, and Liu Chi was then ordered to be the Wuhan garrison commander. <mask> was angry about this order and left the army. He went back to Shanghai and saw his relatives, and was punished by being closely supervised by the Party for six months. The Kuomintang government moved from Guangzhou to Wuhan in January 1927. The National Revolutionary Army was expanded and <mask> was appointed as the Deputy Division Commander of the 25th Division, and Division Commander of the 24th Division of the 11th Army. In May 1927, the Nanjing-Wuhan Split occurred.On May 13, the commander of the Independent 14th Division, Xia Douyin, announced through a phone call a crusade in the communist party against the KMT and attacked Wuhan, which was controlled by the left-wing KMT. In the meantime, the Wuhan government was expanded north to attack Henan. <mask> led to counter the attack and he soon defeated Xia. In June, <mask> was appointed as Deputy Army Commander of the 11th Army. On August 1, 1927, with Chen Yi, Zhou Enlai, He Long, Zhu De, <mask>, Lin Biao, Liu Bocheng and Guo Moruo, he participated in the failed Nanchang Uprising, when the People's Liberation Army was founded. After Nanchang, he went to Hong Kong, and on December 11 of that year, he led the Canton Uprising. After this uprising failed, <mask> was persecuted as a scapegoat and as a result, he was exiled to Europe.When he returned to Asia, <mask> went into hiding in Macau. New Fourth Army and death
In 1937, <mask> served as commander of the New Fourth Army. During the New Fourth Army Incident, <mask>, wanting to save his men, went to Shangguan Yunxiang's headquarters on January 13, 1941 to negotiate terms. Upon arrival, <mask> was detained by the 52nd division of the 156th regiment. Chiang Kai-shek ordered the New Fourth Army disbanded on January 17 and sent <mask> to a military tribunal. <mask> was then jailed for five years, until 1946. On April 8, 1946, after he was released, <mask> died in a plane crash en route from Chongqing to Yan'an.Among the victims were his wife Li Xiuwen, daughter <mask>, son, <mask>, and the nanny for his children, Gao Qiong, as well as several senior CPC leaders such as Bo Gu, Deng Fa, and Wang Ruofei. There are rumors that Chiang Kai-shek arranged the crash. On April 17,  held a public memorial at the Lan County airport. <mask> had a total of nine children including aircraft designer Lt. Gen. <mask>. One of his granddaughters, <mask> (叶小燕), through <mask>'s second son <mask> (叶正明), is married to Li Xiaoyong (李小勇), son of former Chinese premier Li Peng. Further reading
 Chen Jiongming Revolt Event
 Fourth Army (National Revolutionary Army)
 Chinese Civil WarReferences

 国民政府军事委员会铨叙厅，忠收第296号通报，1937-09-28

 为顾全大局挽救危亡 朱彭叶项复何应钦白崇禧佳电.1940-11-09

 叶超：《悲壮的史诗——回忆皖南事变的经过》，载《皖南事变回忆录》

 Dittmer 1974, p. 17 citing Tetsuya Kataoka, Resistance and Revolution in China: The Communists and the Second United Front, 1974 pre-publication. "U.S. Army Plane Missing With China Red Leaders", New York Times'', April 10, 1946, p8

External links

1896 births
1946 deaths
People of the Northern Expedition
Chinese military personnel of World War II
Chinese Communist Party politicians from Guangdong
Hakka generals
National Revolutionary Army generals from Guangdong
People from Huiyang
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in China
New Fourth Army generals
Politicians from Huizhou

masks:
Ye Ting
Ye
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Ye Hanchu
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Ye Jianying
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Ye Yangmei
Ye Ajiu
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Ye Zhengda
Ye Xiaoyan
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Ye Zhengming


title: Brett Peter Cowan

texts:
<mask> (born 18 September 1969) is an Australian murderer and child rapist. He was convicted of the murder of Daniel Morcombe, a 13-year old boy who disappeared from the Sunshine Coast on 7 December 2003. His abduction led to an eight-year investigation involving various suspects, until an undercover police sting in August 2011 revealed <mask> as the perpetrator. He was charged with the murder that same month and Morcombe's remains were discovered days later on 17 August. <mask> was sentenced to life imprisonment, (being eligible for parole in 2031) on 13 March 2014 in a trial that attracted worldwide attention. Cowan had two previous convictions for sexually abusing children, the earliest dating back to 1987. The investigation into Morcombe's disappearance became Queensland's highest profile crime case in the state's history.Early life and background

Cowan was born on 18 September 1969 in Bunbury, Western Australia, to Marlene, a homemaker and RSL worker, and <mask>, an Australian Army Major and Vietnam veteran. He was the third of four boys. The <mask>s led a strict household and gave their children a Catholic upbringing, and were, by many accounts, a "good family". Further, Cowan's father was often absent due to his Army responsibilities, and suffered from PTSD. In the early 1970s, the family relocated to Brisbane, Queensland, eventually settling in the suburb of Everton Park. <mask> and his three brothers attended Marcellin College, now known as Mt Maria College, an independent Catholic high school in Mitchelton in northside Brisbane. Cowan's year nine English teacher claimed Cowan was somewhat of a "bully" who taunted other students, would proudly parade around his erections and was "despised by his peers".Conversely, other students at his school reflected on him as being an "ordinary guy" with few hobbies or social interests who "seemed alright". <mask> was also bullied in school and dropped out in year ten and began working odd jobs throughout his late teens, never holding down employment in one position for longer than a few months. Cowan also struggled to come to terms with his bisexuality. He also proved difficult for his mother: he was a "handful" as a child and progressed into a difficult teenager, occasionally stealing from her. His problems escalated as he became involved in petty crime and his first criminal conviction came at the age of 17. By that time he regularly used LSD, cocaine and methamphetamines. He later stated of his drug use: "They do fuck your inhibitions up … you know, your boundaries."Criminal history

Early convictions
<mask>'s theft and drug offences with the law had resulted in him performing community service duties at a public park in Brisbane. On 5 December 1987, during one of these community service sessions, an 18-year-old Cowan took a 7-year-old child from the park into a toilet cubicle and raped him. Cowan's demeanour subsequent to the attack was casual, as he proceeded to watch television inside the childcare centre where he was performing maintenance duties. <mask> had been sentenced to two years jail in 1989, but only served half of that sentence. In September 1993, while living at a Darwin caravan park with his then 18-year-old girlfriend Tracey Haneveld, Cowan lured a 6-year-old boy into an abandoned car yard and raped him. The boy was left in an abandoned car in the bush, with a punctured lung due to the force of the act and several cuts. He stumbled into a petrol station, dazed and distraught, and the police were called immediately—they initially assumed the boy had been hit by a car because of the extent of his injuries.<mask> initially denied his involvement, even going to considerable length to portray his innocence by stating to the police, "I hope you catch the bastard". However, the officers quickly discovered that <mask> was the only man in the caravan park not to offer up a DNA sample after semen was found on the boy's discarded underwear. A background check conducted by the officers also revealed his former molestation conviction in 1987. Police contacted him once again with the evidence, and he quickly confessed to the rape. <mask> was sentenced in 1994 in the Northern Territory Supreme Court to serve seven years in jail for various charges: grievous harm, deprivation of liberty and gross indecency; however, more severe charges, such as attempted murder, were dropped prior to the trial. He was then only required to serve 3.5 years. Psychological assessments followed, and Cowan was deemed as a pathological liar who lived a "parasitic existence", relying mostly on his parents to support his living.The psychologist also discovered a gross lack of awareness on behalf of <mask>, who believed that his victim "would not report the case" because he "probably enjoyed" the experience. Haneveld confronted <mask> in prison and asked if he was involved. He did not respond, and as his guilt became clear to her, she left the prison distraught. This was her last contact with <mask>. In March 2014, prior to his sentencing in the Morcombe case, Haneveld spoke to 60 Minutes about her relationship with him, which she claimed was full of infidelity on his behalf. During the trial, <mask> stated to the sentencing judge that "years of heavy poly drug use" was an explanation for his assault history. "<mask>'s behaviour began to deteriorate at home [with his uncle and aunt], particularly after he had his own vehicle.While still on parole, he was staying out late and going out at unusual times of night, using the excuse of catching up with mates or going fishing. "'After addressing him over some personal issues that were of great concern to us, including lying, our relationship began to become strained and eventually he moved out to his own flat and the rest is history.'" –<mask>'s uncle, who provided him rehabilitation and a home for a period of time in 1998

Following his release from jail in 1997, Cowan protested his desire for rehabilitation and recognised that his sexual deviancy was a problem. He was ordered to attend a sexual offenders treatment program and moved in with his pastor aunt and uncle, Jenny and Keith Philbrook, on the Sunshine Coast, becoming a reformed Christian. In 1998, 29-year-old Cowan moved into the suburb of Beerwah with Tracey Lee Moncrieff, another churchgoer. The two were married the following year and had two children. Cowan regularly attended church services and no criminal convictions were reported from this time up until 2003.During that year <mask> also stopped attending church and the couple divorced in 2004. <mask> had signed up to a number of gay dating websites, including Gaydar and Manhunt. He was using one of these profiles from Perth just before his arrest under fake names. The Sunday Mail discovered the profile, under a variation of the name "Shaddo N’unyah Hunter". Cowan sought out a long list of extreme sex acts and said he was open to meeting anyone up to the age of around mid-50s. Disappearance of Daniel Morcombe

On 7 December 2003, 13-year-old schoolboy Daniel Morcombe left his home and planned to catch the 1:35 pm bus to the Sunshine Plaza Shopping Centre for a haircut and to buy Christmas presents for his family, but he failed to return. A bus had broken down on the side of the road and a replacement bus was later sent to pick up the passengers of the broken down bus.However, this replacement bus drove past Daniel and shortly after, in just a three-minute time span, <mask> is believed to have abducted him. <mask> was living in the town of Beerwah around the time of Morcombe's disappearance. He was approached by police because of his criminal history and his proximity to the area in which Morcombe was last seen. Just days after the disappearance, however, he denied his involvement. A former police officer involved believed Cowan to be involved from just one encounter: he stated that "Look, if he's not good for that, he's good for something. I left with the distinct impression of guilt." A police interview with <mask> was conducted in July 2005 in the Gold Coast.Detective Tracey Barnes, who handled the interview, asked <mask> if he would admit to being involved and he responded with "probably not". Over the following years, the case shifted from <mask> to convicted sex offender Douglas Jackway. Witnesses reported seeing a blue vehicle near the location of Morcombe's disappearance and Jackway had a vehicle that very closely matched witness descriptions. <mask> was brought before the Daniel Morcombe coronial inquest six years later, where he was referred to as P7. <mask> stated he had driven along the road where Morcombe was last seen, but he was only travelling along there to pick up a mulcher. He also provided this as an alibi for the missing time, and said he had visited his cannabis dealer during the time Daniel was supposedly taken. Further police investigation revealed that Cowan's dealers were not home during the time Morcombe disappeared, meaning that Cowan could not have been with them.However, despite an unreliable alibi, police had no real forensic evidence to charge <mask> with the abduction and murder of the teenager. During this time, Cowan changed his name to Shaddo N-unyah Hunter, possibly to evade police. He later remarked that 'Shaddo' was his dog's name and 'N-unyah' a euphemism which translates to the idiom "none of your business". Moncrieff, <mask>'s wife at the time, later admitted in court that she lied about her husband's whereabouts on the day of Morcombe's disappearance because she was "blinded by love". After their divorce, she revealed in court that he was gone for up to five hours that day. Police sting

A covert police operation that was used in Canada drew the attention of an investigator involved in Morcombe's case. The procedure, known as Mr. Big, involves police officers who pose as members of a corrupt criminal gang to gain the confidence of the alleged suspect, enlisting the suspect's participation in an escalating series of often elaborate fictional crimes, particularly theft, prostitution and the drug trade.Once the suspect's trust has been gained, the police persuade the suspect to confess to the earlier, real crime. An undercover police officer, posing as a crime boss known as "Paul Fitzsimmons" or "Fitzy", befriended <mask> on a flight to Perth in April 2011. Fitzsimmons gained the trust of <mask> and the two became friends. Due to the absence of any physical evidence, a confession of <mask> was needed. Over the following months, <mask>'s gang of friends initiated him through an array of fake criminal scenarios, unknown to Cowan. The gang offered Cowan a subpoena for his alibi in Morcombe's case; however, he denied any involvement. In August 2011, at an interview at the Perth Hyatt Hotel, an undercover officer gained Cowan's trust, and apprised that he "only wanted to help <mask>", re-instating that Cowan could trust him with anything.He subsequently disclosed his involvement in Morcombe's abduction and the confession was captured on video. Over the next few days, <mask> led the undercover police officers to the site of Morcombe's remains. At the site, several undercover police officers arrested <mask>. On 13 August 2011, <mask> was taken into custody and charged with Morcombe's murder and other offences, including child stealing, deprivation of liberty, indecent treatment of a child under 16, and interfering with a corpse. In 2006, <mask> had admitted to police that he travelled the road from which Morcombe disappeared on the same day of his disappearance, on his way to purchase marijuana from a drug dealer. Around this time, a white Mitsubishi Pajero was seized from a property on Russell Island. The vehicle was believed to have been involved in Morcombe's abduction after a witness at the coronial inquest in April 2011 reported seeing a vehicle of similar description parked  north of the site where Morcombe was last seen.Trial

On 7 February 2013, <mask> was ordered to stand trial. He was charged with murder, indecently dealing with a child under the age of 16 and improperly dealing with a corpse. The trial, at the Supreme Court of Queensland in the state's capital Brisbane, began on 10 February 2014 under Justice Roslyn Atkinson. <mask> stated he only confessed because of the lucrative money deal that was offered to him. Moreover, the undercover policeman posing as 'Arnold' agreed that the fake crime gang had "dangled a carrot in the form of big money in front of <mask>". The prosecution closed its case on 7 March. 116 witnesses gave evidence and over 200 exhibits were tendered in evidence.<mask> pleaded not guilty and declined to give evidence. Bruce and Denise Morcombe, as well as Daniel's brothers, gave lengthy victim impact statements. <mask> reportedly stated he had no remorse. On 13 March 2014, <mask> was found guilty of all charges. On 14 March 2014, <mask> was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 20 years. He was also sentenced to three-and-a-half years' imprisonment for indecently dealing with Morcombe and two years for interfering with his corpse, those sentences to be served concurrently. Judge Roslyn Atkinson said "I don't think you should be released in 20 years time" which could affect Cowan's prison term.Pathology
<mask> has undergone multiple psychiatric examinations since his first offences in the late 1980s and early 90s. The psychologist who had assessed him after his second molestation conviction in 1993 claimed he was a pathological liar with low level psychopathic features or mild psychopathy indicating a severe lack of empathy. Despite this, a concrete psychiatric diagnosis on him has been elusive and inconclusive. Acquaintances of Cowan, particularly his ex-girlfriends, had described him as seeming "charming", "confident" and "handsome" initially, which made it easy for him to gain the trust of his victims. The judge of the trial remarked to Cowan that he "did not look like a monster or a pedophile, he looked like an ordinary person". Furthermore, she remarked that he was a "convincing and adaptable liar". In a psychologist's report compiled in 2007, Cowan stated: "I always worry, if things got bad, I could offend again.I could never do this against my own flesh and blood." He has also expressed his belief that years of habitual drug use motivated or contributed to his attacks. <mask>'s reputation as a charismatic, "every day" individual was of particular focus in the media during the investigations and arrest. See also
 List of Australian criminals

References

1969 births
Australian murderers of children
Australian people convicted of child sexual abuse
Australian rapists
Bisexual men
Criminals from Western Australia
People from Bunbury, Western Australia
People convicted of murder by Queensland
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Queensland
21st-century Australian criminals
Living people
People with antisocial personality disorder
2000s murders in Australia
2003 crimes in Australia
2003 murders in Oceania
Australian people convicted of murder
Crime in Oceania
Sexual violence in Oceania

masks:
Brett Peter Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Peter Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
Cowan
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Cowan


title: Gary Holton

texts:
<mask> (22 September 1953 – 25 October 1985) was an English singer-songwriter, musician and actor from London. He was the frontman of the band Heavy Metal Kids (1972–77), worked with Casino Steel (1981–84), and played the part of Wayne (Aka London) in the UK television comedy Auf Wiedersehen, Pet (1983–85). Holton died from an overdose of morphine combined with alcohol in 1985. Early life
<mask> was born in Clapham, south London, the first child of Ernie and <mask>, and grew up in Kennington. Whilst musically talented, and a member of a rock band as a schoolboy at Beaufoy School, Lambeth, his real ambition was to act. Early on in his life, Holton began working in the theatre world with the Sadler's Wells Opera Company, debuting in opera appearances aged eleven, and was with them for three years. In 1966 he had a part in Congreve's Love For Love with Laurence Olivier, and at fourteen played the title role in Menotti's Amahl and the Night Visitors.Soon after leaving education at Westminster School, he joined the Old Vic Theatre Company, and from there he went on to work with the Royal Shakespeare Company at Stratford. At seventeen, he joined the touring company of Hair, and remained with them for two years. When he left the company, his musical talents led him to front the rock band Heavy Metal Kids as vocalist. Acting career

Early roles
<mask> made his screen acting debut in 1979, when he played the character of Eddie Hairstyle in the television movie The Knowledge with Michael Elphick and Kim Taylforth. <mask> did not receive much credit for this role, nor for his role as an uncredited character in the film Quadrophenia, released the same year. However, after appearing in the television series Shoestring, Holton played the lead part of Ken in the 1979 film Bloody Kids. In 1980, he played the character of Keith in an episode of television series Play for Today, and as a minor character in the film Breaking Glass.He appeared as a  minor character in the 1981 television film Tiny Revolutions, and guest-starred as Rick Sloan in the television series The Gentle Touch. <mask> also sang the theme tune to 1980s British children's drama, Murphy's Mob, which was produced by Central Television. Auf Wiedersehen, Pet

Playing the part of Wayne Winston Norris in the popular comedy drama Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, <mask> played a Cockney carpenter, nicknamed "London" by Oz. The character Norris liked his women, music and drink, which was similar to his off-screen personality. He landed the part, the first of the seven main characters to be cast, after he was introduced to Ian La Frenais at a party. La Frenais and his writing partner Dick Clement had been drafting storylines and working on an idea given to them by Franc Roddam, who was the director of Quadrophenia. The first series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet ran between 1983 and 1984.In February 1985, filming began on the second series. The final episode of the second series, broadcast after Holton's death, was dedicated to his memory. The show was revived in 2002 with the original writers and all of the surviving cast members. The gap in the line-up left by Holton was filled by Wyman, Wayne's illegitimate son, played by Noel Clarke. Other roles
While acting on Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, <mask> had only two other roles. He appeared in the TV series Minder, in which he played villain Barry, in 1984. He also played an uncredited extra in the television series Bulman the following year.He also appeared in an episode of "Shoestring" filmed in Bristol. <mask> was offered the role of villain 'Nasty' Nick Cotton in the television soap opera EastEnders, but he turned down the role and it was instead given to Holton's friend John Altman, who bore a strong resemblance to him, and would go on to succeed him as the lead singer of the Heavy Metal Kids. Musical career

Solo
His musical endeavours were confined to strict one-offs for a while: in December 1978, <mask> stood in for The Damned vocalist Dave Vanian on a short Scottish tour; and he also recorded a solo single (which became a number one hit in Norway), a punk-country version of Kenny Rogers's "Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town" with the Boys' keyboardist Casino Steel, with whom he would later write a song simply titled "Auf Wiedersehen Pet" about his experiences in the show. <mask> and Steel recorded three albums together, all of them doing well in Norway. But even the opportunity to replace the late Bon Scott in AC/DC could not lure him back to full-time rock & roll. He made an appearance on the TV programme The Tube in 1984 with a band named as The Actors, which included fellow Quadrophenia star <mask>l on bass guitar, and they performed a song entitled "Long-Legged Blue-Eyed Blonde". In 1985 he was also briefly in a band he formed with Glen Matlock and James Stevenson called The Gang Show.The Heavy Metal Kids

<mask> was the front-man for the band, which formed in 1972. With his cockney accent, he became a popular glam rock singer. The band were discovered by former Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick & Tich front-man Dave Dee, who signed them to Atlantic Records. Their eponymous debut album was well received by the press, but had achieved limited sales. They later played many gigs with punk rock band the Adverts. On their first American tour in 1975, they shortened their name to "The Kids". In December 1975, the Kids signed with producer Mickie Most's RAK label, but before work could begin on their next album, Holton was sacked amid a storm of drink- and drug-related headlines.Plans for the remaining members to continue on without him came to naught. In late 1977, <mask> rejoined the band for a handful of live shows and the long-delayed third album, Kitsch. But, by mid-1978, he had departed once again, and the band broke up. Whilst the band was popular in Sweden, they had little commercial success in Britain although in 1976 their single "She's No Angel" was regularly played on BBC Radio 1, a favourite of DJ John Peel, and this led to an appearance on Top of the Pops. The lack of commercial success led to the breakup of the band, and <mask> returned to acting. Holton/Steel
In 1980/81, Holton hooked up with Casino Steel, a musician from Norway and in the following years released a couple of (in Norway) bestselling albums. The duo's musical style was country rock with strong punk influences, their first hit being a cover of Kenny Rogers' "Ruby".<mask>'s Norwegian musical career went largely unnoticed in his homeland. Personal life

Relationships
Holton had a string of relationships in the early to mid 1970s. In 1977, he dated singer Stella Palmer, with whom he performed his cover version of "Somethin' Stupid" in 1973. <mask> and Palmer got engaged on 12 March 1977, but on 2 May the same year, Palmer called off the engagement, stating their relationship was not going quite as planned. From 1979 he was married to model Donna Campbell. They were amicably separated from 1981 and remained friends, though they were still not divorced at the time of his death. After Donna, Holton had a relationship with model Susan Harrison who gave birth to his son Red, in 1983.At the time of his death, <mask> had long separated from Harrison and was engaged to hairdresser Jahnet Mclllewan. Death
<mask> was found dead by his fiancée Jahner McIllwain in his bed on 25 October 1985. He had died from an overdose of alcohol and morphine, with traces of diazepam and cannabis in his system. Pathologist Rufus Crompton said during his inquest at Hornsey, North London, that he would have been drinking less than half an hour before his death, and that the morphine would have made him unconscious within a matter of minutes. Holton had a blood alcohol level of 199 mg and a morphine level of 0.8 mg per litre (0.5 mg per litre is considered invariably fatal). He had been a drug user for several years after experiences through the music scene and was addicted to heroin, a habit he had quit some time after the first series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet had been broadcast. He was considering setting up a clinic to help others with their addictions.Holton had considerable debts and had two bankruptcy orders totalling £61,000 over him. These debts were partly due to his not having paid tax since 1979, and also having a mortgage of £48,500 on his flat in Maida Vale, London. He died midway through the second series of Auf Wiedersehen, Pet, but the producers used body doubles and editing of dialogue already recorded to allow the series to be completed. They eventually rescripted the series, such that in every indoor scene that originally included Holton, excuses were made for his absence. Just before his death, he had released the single "Catch A Falling Star". He had been due to star in the pantomime Peter Pan that upcoming Christmas. He was survived by his son, Red, with model Susan Harrison.Funeral
<mask>'s funeral took place on 22 November 1985, with a 15-minute service at Golders Green Crematorium in London. His Auf Wiedersehen, Pet co-stars attended.

masks:
Gary Frederick Holton
Gary Holton
Joan Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Gary Shai
Gary
Holton
Holton
Gary Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton
Holton


title: Wagner Prado

texts:
<mask> (born December 30, 1987) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in the light heavyweight division of Absolute Championship Akhmat (ACA). A professional competitor since 2009, he has formerly competed for the UFC and KSW. Biography

Early life and MMA career
<mask> started practicing Muay Thai at 19 years old and made his professional MMA debut in October 2009. At the same year he participated in the Brazilian television program Caldeirão do Huck of Rede Globo where he restored his Ford Maverick 1975 and earned his nickname. After his TV appearance, he joined Team Nogueira and achieved an undefeated record of 8-0, with 7 of his wins coming by way of knockout. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut against Phil Davis on August 4, 2012 at UFC on FOX 4, replacing an injured Chad Griggs. An eye poke by Davis rendered <mask> unable to continue at 1:28 of round 1 and the official result was a No Contest.The rematch with Davis, briefly linked to UFC on FX 5, took place on October 13, 2012 at UFC 153. <mask> received the first loss of his professional career to Davis in the second round via submission due to an anaconda choke. <mask> was expected to face Roger Hollett on January 19, 2013 at UFC on FX 7. However, Hollett was forced out of the bout with a torn bicep and was replaced by promotional newcomer Ildemar Alcântara. <mask> lost via submission (kneebar) in the second round, and was subsequently released from the promotion. Absolute Championship Berkut
After going 8–3–1  since his UFC release, including a 2-0 stint in KSW, <mask> signed with ACA, debuting against Elkhan Musaev at ACA 133 on December 4, 2021. He lost the bout via unanimous decision.|-->
|-
|Win
|align=center|14–3 (1)
| Chris Fields
| TKO (punches)
| KSW 44: The Game
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| align=center|2
| align=center|2:17
| Gdańsk, Poland
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|-
|Win
|align=center|13–3 (1)
| Armando Sixel
|KO (knee)
|Katana Fight: Birthday Edition
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|3:52
|Colombo, Paraná, Brazil
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|12–3 (1)
| Magomed Ankalaev
|KO (punches)
|WFCA 38: Grozny Battle
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:33
|Grozny, Russia
|For the AFC Light Heavyweight Championship. |-
|Win
|align=center|12–2 (1)
| Aldo Silva
|TKO (punches)
|Max Fight 16
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:19
|São Paulo, Brazil
|Defended the Max Fight Light Heavyweight Championship. |-
|Win
|align=center|11–2 (1)
| Cesar Fabiano Rodrigues
|TKO (punches)
|Max Fight 14
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:08
|São Paulo, Brazil
|Won the vacant Max Fight Light Heavyweight Championship.

masks:
Wagner Prado
Prado
Prado
Prado
Prado
Prado
Prado
Prado


title: Clive Caldwell

texts:
<mask>,  (28 July 1911 – 5 August 1994) was the leading Australian air ace of World War II. He is officially credited with shooting down 28.5 enemy aircraft in over 300 operational sorties, including an ace in a day. In addition to his official score, he has been ascribed six probables and 15 damaged. <mask> flew Curtiss P-40 Tomahawks and Kittyhawks in the North African Campaign and Supermarine Spitfires in the South West Pacific Theatre. He was the highest-scoring P-40 pilot from any air force and the highest-scoring Allied pilot in North Africa. <mask> also commanded a Royal Air Force (RAF) squadron and two Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) wings. His military service ended in controversy, when he resigned in protest at the misuse of Australian First Tactical Air Force's fighter units and was later court martialed and convicted for trading liquor.Early life
<mask> was born in the Sydney suburb of Lewisham, and educated at Albion Park School, Sydney Grammar School and Trinity Grammar School. He was at Sydney Grammar School from June 1924 until May 1927, but did not complete his Leaving Certificate there (he rowed in the 4th IV and was a member of the Games Committee). He learned to fly in 1938 with the Royal Aero Club of New South Wales. He was employed as a commission agent when World War II broke out, and he joined the Citizen Air Force division of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) on 27 May 1940, with the intention of becoming a fighter pilot. As he was over the age limit for fighter training, <mask> persuaded a pharmacist friend to alter the details on his birth certificate to July 1912. He was accepted by the RAAF and joined the Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS; also known as the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan and similar names). World War II

Middle East and North Africa

<mask>'s first, brief combat posting was a British Hurricane unit, No.73 Squadron, Royal Air Force, in the early stages of the North African campaign. He had gained only a few operational hours when he was transferred to No. 250 Squadron RAF as it converted to the new P-40 Tomahawk, one of the first units in the world to operate P-40s. According to some accounts, on 6 June 1941, <mask> as Flying Officer Jack Hamlyn's wingman, was involved in the P-40's first ever kill, of an Italian CANT Z.1007 bomber, over Egypt. However, the claim was not officially recognised. (Hamlyn and Sergeant Tom Paxton scored the first official kill two days later, another CANT.) Soon afterwards, <mask> served with the squadron over Syria and Lebanon.After struggling to acquire the skill of gunnery deflection, <mask> developed a training technique, known as "shadow shooting", in which he fired at the shadow of his own aircraft on the desert surface. This was later widely adopted by the Desert Air Force. The squadron returned to North Africa. On 26 June 1941, while escorting bombers attacking Gazala, Libya, <mask> destroyed an aircraft in air-to-air combat for the first time, during his 30th sortie. He downed a German Messerschmitt Bf 109E, piloted by Leutnant Heinz Schmidt of I gruppe, Jagdgeschwader 27 (JG 27—Fighter Wing 27), over Capuzzo, he followed this claim with a 'half share' of a Bf 110 on III./ZG 26 and 2 Ju 87s of II./Sturzkampfgeschwader 2 (StG 2—Dive Bomber Wing 2) on 30 June. On 4 July 1941, <mask> saw a German pilot shoot and kill a close friend, Pilot Officer Donald Munro, who was descending to the ground in a parachute. This was a controversial practice, but was nevertheless common among German and Allied pilots.One biographer, Kristin Alexander, suggests that it may have caused <mask>'s attitude to harden significantly. Months later, press officers and journalists popularised <mask>'s nickname of "Killer", which he disliked. One reason for the nickname was that he too shot enemy airmen after they parachuted out of aircraft. <mask> commented many years later: "... there was no blood lust or anything about it like that. It was just a matter of not wanting them back to have another go at us. I never shot any who landed where they could be taken prisoner." (In later life, <mask> said that his thoughts often turned to one Japanese airman or passenger, who survived <mask>'s last aerial victory but could not be rescued.)A more commonly cited reason for the nickname was his habit of using up ammunition left over at the end of sorties, to shoot up enemy troop convoys and vehicles. During his war service, <mask> wrote in a notebook: "it's your life or theirs. This is war." While flying to his base alone, over northwest Egypt on 29 August 1941, <mask> was attacked by two Bf 109s, in a simultaneous approach at right angles. His attackers included one of Germany's most famous aces, Leutnant Werner Schröer, also of JG 27, in a Bf 109E-7. <mask> sustained three separate wounds from ammunition fragments and or shrapnel. His Tomahawk was hit by more than 100 7.92 mm bullets and five 20 mm cannon shells, but he shot down Schröer's wingman, and heavily damaged Schröer's "Black 8", causing Schröer to disengage.On 23 November, <mask> shot down an Experte, Hauptmann Wolfgang Lippert, Gruppenkommandeur (Group Commander) of II./JG 27, who bailed out. Lippert had struck the stabiliser and following capture had his legs amputated but 10 days later, a gangrene infection set in and he died on 3 December. For this action, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross. <mask> claimed five Junkers Ju 87 (Stuka) dive bombers in a matter of minutes on 5 December. For this he was awarded a Bar to his DFC. His report of that action reads:

The citations for both the original DFC and the Bar were published in the same issue of the London Gazette, a supplement to that of 23 December 1941, dated 26 December 1941. The first citation described <mask> as continuing to "take his toll of enemy aircraft" and that "he personally shot down 5 of the enemy's aircraft bringing his total victories to 12."The second that he "has performed splendid work in the Middle East operations", "shown dogged determination and high devotion to duty which have proved an inspiration to his fellow pilots", and that after receiving "wounds on his face, arms and legs...he courageously returned to the attack and shot down one of the hostile aircraft." On 24 December 1941, <mask> was involved in an engagement which mortally wounded another Luftwaffe ace, Hpt. Erbo Graf von Kageneck (credited with 69 air victories) of III./JG 27. <mask> only claimed a "damaged" at the time, but postwar sources have attributed him with the kill. In January 1942, <mask> was promoted to squadron leader and given command of No. 112 Squadron RAF, becoming the first EATS graduate to command a British squadron. 112 Sqn at that time included several Polish aviators, and this was why <mask> was later awarded the Polish Krzyż Walecznych (KW; "Cross of Valour").<mask> scored another striking victory in February 1942, while leading a formation of 11 Kittyhawks from 112 Sqn and 3 Sqn. Over Gazala, he sighted a schwarm of Bf 109Fs flying some 2,000 ft higher. <mask> immediately nosed into a shallow dive, applied maximum power and boost, then pulled his Kittyhawk up into a vertical climb. With his P-40 "hanging from its propeller," he fired a burst at a Bf 109 flown by Leutnant Hans-Arnold Stahlschmidt of I./JG 27, who was lagging behind the others. Stahlschmidt's fighter "shuddered like a carpet being whacked with a beater" before spinning out of control. Although the Kittyhawk pilots thought that the Bf 109 had crashed inside Allied lines, Stahlschmidt was able to crash-land in friendly territory. When <mask> left the theatre later that year, the commander of air operations in North Africa and the Middle East, Air Vice Marshal Arthur Tedder described him as: "[a]n excellent leader and a first class shot".<mask> claimed 22 victories while in North Africa flying P-40s, including ten Bf 109s and two Macchi C.202s. He had flown some 550 hours in over 300 operational sorties. While on a tour of the United States, <mask> visited Curtiss-Wright in Buffalo, New York. On 6 August 1942, he was invited to come on an acceptance re-flight of a Curtiss C-46 Commando, the latest transport aircraft destined for overseas use. The aircraft was also loaded with Curtiss executives, and flown by Chief Production Test Pilot Herbert O. Fisher. The landing gear became stuck in a three-quarters down position, and after an extended eight-hour attempt to release the gear, Fisher calmly belly-landed the C-46. With the weight of the aircraft gently pushing the gear back into the wheel wells, a minimum of damage resulted.<mask> had taken over as the co-pilot on the eight hours of circling over Buffalo, receiving certification that he was checked out on the C-46, under the tutelage of Fisher. Finishing his tour at Curtiss-Wright, <mask> went on to visit the North American Aviation factory and was able to personally evaluate their new P-51 fighter, then in development. South West Pacific

During 1942, Australia came under increasing pressure from Japanese forces, and <mask> was recalled by the RAAF, to serve as the wing leader of No. 1 (Fighter) Wing, comprising No. 54 Squadron RAF, No. 452 Squadron RAAF and No. 457 Squadron RAAF.The wing was equipped with the Supermarine Spitfire and in early 1943 was posted to Darwin, to defend it against Japanese air raids. <mask> claimed two kills in his first interception sortie over Darwin, a Mitsubishi A6M Zero (also known by the Allied codename "Zeke") fighter and a Nakajima B5N "Kate" light bomber. The Spitfire pilots found Japanese fighter pilots reluctant to engage Allied fighters over Australia, due to the distance from their bases in the Dutch East Indies. The wing initially suffered high losses, due to the inexperience of many of its pilots, and teething mechanical problems with their newly "tropicalised" Mark VC Spitfires. This was viewed with concern by high commanders, to such extent that the Allied air commander in the South West Pacific, Major General George Kenney, considered sending the wing to the New Guinea campaign, and returning US Fifth Air Force fighter units to Darwin. <mask> scored what was to be his last aerial victory, a Mitsubishi Ki-46 "Dinah" of the 202nd Sentai, over the Arafura Sea on 17 August 1943. He claimed a total of 6.5 Japanese aircraft shot down.Later in 1943, <mask> was posted to Mildura, to command No. 2 Operational Training Unit (2OTU). He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in November 1943. By 1944, with the Japanese forces retreating north, <mask> was again posted to Darwin, this time commanding No. 80 (Fighter) Wing, equipped with the Spitfire Mark VIII. In April 1945, while serving at Morotai in the Dutch East Indies with the Australian First Tactical Air Force, as Officer Commanding No. 80 Wing, <mask> played a leading part in the "Morotai Mutiny", in which several senior flyers resigned in protest at what they saw as the relegation of RAAF fighter squadrons to dangerous and strategically worthless ground attack missions.An investigation resulted in three senior officers being relieved of their commands, with <mask> and the other "mutineers" cleared. Prior to the "mutiny", <mask> had been charged over his involvement in an alcohol racket on Morotai, where liquor was flown in by RAAF aircraft and then sold to the sizeable US forces contingent in the locality. He was court martialled in January 1946 and reduced to the rank of Flight Lieutenant. <mask> left the service in February. Personal life
On 13 April 1940 <mask> married Jean McIver Main, whom he had known twelve years, a daughter of George and Mary Main of "Retreat" station, Illabo, New South Wales. George was well known as chairman of the Australian Jockey Club. A pre-wedding reception was held at Cootamundra and the service at the tiny chapel at Dirnaseer, adjacent "Retreat".On his return to Australia, the couple lived in Illabo until at least 1947. Later years
After the war, <mask> was involved as a purchasing agent obtaining surplus aircraft and other military equipment from the US Foreign Liquidation Commission in the Philippines. The aircraft and equipment were exported to Australia in 1946. After the successful conclusion of this venture, <mask> joined a cloth import/export company in Sydney and shortly after became its managing director. He became a partner in 1953 and later served as chairman of the board. The firm, Clive Caldwell (Sales) Pty Ltd, achieved considerable success under <mask>'s direction and expanded through subsidiaries worldwide. Although in later life <mask> "spoke modestly" about his wartime service, upon his death in Sydney on 5 August 1994, many Australians "mourned the passing of a true national hero".Honours and awards

Distinguished Service Order (DSO) – awarded 14 October 1943
Distinguished Flying Cross and Bar (DFC*) – both awarded 26 December 1941
1939–1945 Star – campaign medal
Air Crew Europe Star – campaign medal
Africa Star with "North Africa 1942–43" Clasp – campaign medal
Pacific Star
Defence Medal
War Medal 1939–1945 – campaign medal
Australia Service Medal 1939–45 – campaign medal
Polish Cross of Valour (Krzyż Walecznych)  – permission to wear granted 2 August 1942

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Alexander, Kristen. "Cleaning the augean stables". The Morotai Mutiny? Sabretache (Military Historical Society of Australia), 2004. Alexander, Kristen. <mask>: Air Ace. Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2006. .
 Brown, Russell.Desert Warriors: Australian P-40 Pilots at War in the Middle East and North Africa, 1941–1943. Maryborough, Queensland, Australia: Banner Books, 2000. .
 Musciano, Walter. "<mask>: Australia's Ace of Aces." Air Progress  Volume 19, No. 3, September 1966. Odgers, George. The Royal Australian Air Force: An Illustrated History.Brookvale, Australia: Child & Henry, 1984. .
 Pentland, Geoffrey. The P-40 Kittyhawk in Service. Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Kookaburra Technical Publications Pty. Ltd., 1974. .
 RAAF Historical Section, "RAAF Base Darwin", in Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Concise History. Volume 1: Introduction, Bases, Supporting Organisations. Canberra, Australia: Australian Government Public Service, 1995. .
 Shores, Christopher. Aces High – Volume 2: A Further Tribute to the Most Notable Fighter Aces of the British and Commonwealth Air Forces in World War II.London: Grub Street, 1999. .
 Shores, Christopher and <mask>. Aces High. London: Grub Street, 1994. .
 Stephens, Alan. The Royal Australian Air Force: A History. London: Oxford University Press, 2006. .
 Watson, Jeffrey. <mask>. Sydney, Australia: Hodder, 2005. .
 Weal, John.Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika'. London: Osprey Publishing, 2003. .

Further reading

External links

<mask> at acesofww2.com
Australian War Memorial: Who’s Who in Australian Military History
<mask> <mask>: Record of Service – Airmen  National Archives of Australia
Record of Court Martial proceedings against Squadron Leader (acting Group Captain) <mask> <mask> , National Archives of Australia

1911 births
1994 deaths
Australian aviators
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian World War II flying aces
Businesspeople from Sydney
People educated at Trinity Grammar School (New South Wales)
People educated at Sydney Grammar School
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Australian Air Force officers
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
Wing leaders

masks:
Clive Robertson Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Caldwell
Clive Caldwell
Killer Caldwell
Clive Williams
Killer Caldwell
Clive Caldwell
Clive Robertson
Caldwell
Clive Robertson
Caldwell


title: Baek Ye-rin

texts:
<mask>-rin (Korean:백예린; born June 26, 1997), also credited as <mask>, is a South Korean singer-songwriter. A former member of duo 15&, she debuted as a solo artist with the mini album Frank, in 2015. Known for her delicate and sweet vocals, since 2015, she has had eight singles peak in the top ten on Gaon Digital Chart. A singer-songwriter, <mask> is credited with composing and writing the lyrics for the majority of her songs, often touching on personal topics and writing from real-life experiences. In addition to her solo career, she is also the front person for Korean rock band The Volunteers and has been performing with them from 2018 onwards. Biography
<mask> was born on June 26, 1997, in Jung District, Daejeon. While a trainee under JYP Entertainment, she spent two years living in New York where her family now lives.She graduated from Hanlim Multi Art School in February 2016 alongside 15& member Park Ji-min and Kim Yu-gyeom of Got7. Career

2007–2012: Career beginnings
In a 2007 episode of the SBS variety show Amazing Contest Star King, <mask> performed "Listen" by Beyoncé and was labeled a "contemporary R&B genius". <mask> Ye-rin, who appeared on the stage as a "10-year-old ballad genius", surprised the cast and viewers. After her Star King appearance, Baek decided to audition for JYP Entertainment. She performed "Listen" on the audition day, and later won the second place, behind only 2PM's Jang Woo-young. She spent five years (2007–2012) training in South Korea and the United States, and was called a "genius girl" for her vocal talent, skills in using the piano and fluency in the English language. On September 27, 2012, JYP revealed <mask> would debut as part of a duo along with Park Ji-min called 15&.On October 7, the duo debuted with their first single, "I Dream", on SBS Inkigayo. The duo began a four-year hiatus in February 2015 and disbanded following Park's departure from JYP Entertainment. 2015–2016: Solo debut and EPs releases
In 2015, she planned a solo album for the music style she pursued and met Cloud, a producer of CHEEZE. At the first meeting, <mask> Yerin did not know Cloud, but he said that he was a fan of <mask> Yerin, and later he was able to meet her with the introduction of his agency. In November 2015, Baek debuted as a solo artist with her first extended play, Frank, with the lead single titled "Across the Universe". The lead song's lyrics were inspired by the film The Martian. Baek released her first digital single titled Bye Bye My Blue on June 20, 2016.Her follow-up digital single titled Love You on Christmas was released on December 7. 2018–2019: Solo success and departure from JYP

As Baek continued to feature on songs by popular artists, she also began performing covers and her own unreleased songs at festivals. In 2018, she formed The Volunteers with members of the independent rock band Bye Bye Badman, and released their first EP, the post-grunge rock "Vanity & People". The Seoul-based rock band consists of vocalist and guitarist <mask>, bassist Hyungseok Koh, guitarist Jonny, and drummer Chiheon Kim. Like the majority of <mask>'s post-JYP solo work, The Volunteer's lyrics are written entirely in English. Baek released her second mini-album, Our Love Is Great, on March 18, 2019. The following day, her title track "Maybe It's Not Our Fault" went to the top of all eight domestic music sites' realtime charts.Our Love is Great and lead track "Maybe It's Not Our Fault" won Album of the Year, Best Pop Album, and Best Pop Song respectively at the 2020 Korean Music Awards. Baek also contributed to the soundtrack of the popular 2019 K-drama Crash Landing on You, with an original ballad, "Here I am Again." The song peaked at #6 on Billboard's K-pop Hot 100 chart, her highest position on the chart yet. On September 13, 2019, Baek announced her contract with JYP Entertainment had finished, and that she was leaving to create her own independent record label, Blue Vinyl. 2019–present: Founding of label Blue Vinyl, Every letter I sent you, Tellusboutyourself and Love, Yerin
Baek officially launched her own label, Blue Vinyl, on November 6, and on November 22 she released her first single through the label, "Popo (How Deep Is Your Love)". In the build up to Baek's new album, it was revealed that songs which had previously been released on her SoundCloud would feature on the new release, as well as new, never-heard-before tracks. On December 10, 2019, Baek released the first studio album and first double album Every letter I sent you.with 17 out of the 18 songs being written in English. Her next single "Square (2017)" also made <mask> the first South Korean artist to top charts with a song in English. The track went on to score an 'all kill', where an artist tops the daily and realtime charts of Melon, Genie, Bugs, and Soribada; and the realtime charts of Flo and iChart. As well as "Square (2017)" finding success, the album also topped charts in South Korea. <mask> was awarded Top 10 artist and Best R&B/Soul for her track "Square (2017)" at the 12th Melon Music Awards in 2020, as well as Best Pop Album for Every letter I sent you. at the 2021 Korean Music Awards. In February 2020, her first solo concert, "Turn on that Blue Vinyl", was a success.As tickets for about 4,400 seats were sold out in 30 seconds, it is an example of how <mask> Yerin's reputation is clearly different from before. On December 10, 2020, exactly one year after her previous album, <mask> Yerin released her second studio album tellusboutyourself, consisting of 14 tracks. The first single "0415" also came with a music video on the same day. Overall 5 music videos ("0415", "Hate You", "I'll be your family! ", "I'm in love", and "You're so lonely now, so you need me back by your side again") were released along with the album. The album features a both a wider range of musical genres and lyrical themes than her previous work. On February 16, 2021, Baek released tellusboutyourself (remixes), a digital EP featuring 6 remixed tracks.Her band The Volunteers launched their self-titled debut album under Blue Vinyl on May 27, 2021 after previously making their music solely available through SoundCloud and YouTube. The album draws influence from rock acts such as Oasis, Red Hot Chili Peppers and the Beatles, while sonically channelling "a sense of rebellion". On September 10, 2021, <mask> released the cover album Love, Yerin, featuring 6 remake tracks. Artistry and Reception
<mask> has cited Amy Winehouse, Oasis, Avril Lavigne, Rage Against the Machine, as well as Korean artists BoA, Light & Salt, and Yoo Jae Ha among her many varied influences. She named her first album as a solo artist, Frank, as a tribute to Amy Winehouse, whose debut album shared the same name. On her decision to write most of her recent songs in English, Baek explains her intentions as wanting to make her music accessible to international fans, plans for an international tour, and the influence English-language artists have had on her style and music. In a 2021 interview she mentioned that it is her dream to perform in the home countries of the many western artists that inspired her.Whether in English or Korean, <mask> is known for her candid and straightforward lyrics. On her lyrical inspiration for her most recent album, Baek cites the poetic metaphors of Blossom Dearie and the straightforward style of Amy Winehouse as influences. Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Other charted songs

Soundtrack appearances

Songwriting credits

Music videos

Concert

Headlining concert

"Turn on that Blue Vinyl"

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
21st-century South Korean singers
Hanlim Multi Art School alumni
JYP Entertainment artists
People from Daejeon
Melon Music Award winners
Korean Music Award winners
South Korean female idols
South Korean women pop singers
South Korean rhythm and blues singers
South Korean singer-songwriters
21st-century South Korean women singers
South Korean women singer-songwriters
South Korean contemporary R&B singers

masks:
Baek Ye
Yerin Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek
Baek