title: Mykola Leontovych

texts:
 was highly critical of himself. According to his first biographer Oles' Chapkivskyi, a contemporary of the composer, Leontovych would sometimes work on one choral setting without letting anyone else see it for up to four years. After the publication of his Second Compilation of Songs from Podolia, he changed his mind and was not fully satisfied with it, and as a result he bought all 300 copies and had them destroyed. Chapkivskyi also described Leontоvych as having a shy personality, saying "He abstained from fame, feared attention and advertisement." On the other hand, Chapkivskyi claimed that Leontovych's jealousy, fear of competition, and fear of non-acceptance from the established musical society, caused the music of Leontovych to be little known.Zynoviy Yaropud of the Kamianets-Podilskyi State Pedagogical University writes that "all of [Leontovych's] contemporaries called him a quiet, gentle person. He was not an active leader of the national-revolutionary movement, which revealed in the years of 1917–1921 a whole handful of prominent fighters for the Ukrainian republic," revealing that the composer was politically quiet, but not indifferent. <mask>'s friend, O. Buzhanskiy, recalls that the composer was "always full of humour; spoke so that everyone was laughing to tears, but he remained serious and stayed calm." Stetsenko also described Leontovych to be a "witty storyteller" and that his students at the Church Educator's School in Tulchyn were "in love with him" because of his storytelling. Religious views

<mask> <mask> grew up in a highly religious environment. He was a member of the Eastern Orthodox Church, descended from a line of village priests. He was also a graduate of the Podollia Theological Seminary in Kamianets-Podilskyi, which, for the most part, trained Orthodox Christian clergy.As a person with a professional theological education, <mask> kept up with the movement of the establishment and recognition of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, which was reestablished in 1918. The composer's output during this period became rich in new sacred music, following the examples of Kyrylo Stetsenko (a close friend of <mask>'s, also an orthodox priest and composer) and Alexander Koshetz. <mask>'s works form this time included  (On the Resurrection of Christ),  (Praise ye the Name of the Lord), and  (Oh Quiet Light), among others. A milestone in the development of Ukrainian spiritual music was the composition of his liturgy, which was first performed in the St. Nicholas Military Cathedral at the Kyiv, Pechersk on 22 May 1919. Commemoration

On 1 February 1921, nine days after <mask>'s death, a large number of artists, professors, and students of the Mykola Lysenko Institute of Music and Drama in Kyiv gathered to commemorate him, as is expected according to Christian tradition. They established the Committee for the Memory of Mykola Leontovych, which later became the All-Ukrainian Mykola Leontovych Music Society, and promoted Ukrainian music until 1928. Ukrainian writer and politician of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Pavlo Tychyna, was an admirer of Leontovych and wrote about the composer's death in prose.Poets Maksym Rylskyi and <mask> Bazhan also dedicated poetry to him. The name of Leontovych is carried by musical groups, such as the Leontovych Bandurist Capella, and by educational institutions such as the Vinnytsia College of Arts and Culture. Streets in Kyiv and other cities have been named after him. There is a memorial museum dedicated to him in the city of Tulchyn, and another was established in 1977 in the village of Markivka where he was buried. In 2002, to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the composer's birth, the city of Kamianets-Podilskyi held an all-Ukrainian scientific conference entitled "Mykola Leontovych and Modern Education and Science," with guests from the Ukrainian ministry of education and science, the Ukrainian composers' Union, and many local authorities. During this event, the city held a ceremonial opening of a memorial plaque to the composer, placed next to the old building formerly used by the Podollia Theological Seminary. Music
<mask> <mask> specialised in a cappella choral music.He is remembered today mostly through the musical works he left behind, which include over 150 choral compositions. These range from artistic arrangements of folk songs, religious works (including his liturgy), cantatas, and choral compositions set to the words of various Ukrainian poets. His two most famous works are the choral miniatures Schedryk and Dudaryk. <mask> also commenced work on an opera (Na rusalchyn velykden’ – On the Water Nymph's Easter) based on Ukrainian myths and the works of Borys Hrinchenko. By the end of 1920, he had finished the first of three acts. However, <mask> was murdered before he could complete the opera. Attempts to complete and edit the opera were made by Ukrainian composer Mykhailo Verykivsky.Composer Myroslav Skoryk and poet Diodor Bobyr used the musical material of the unfinished opera to make a one-act operetta; this premiered in 1977 at the Kyiv State Opera and Ballet Theatre, one hundred years after <mask>'s birth. The North American premiere took place in Toronto on 11 April 2003. One of the largest influences in <mask> <mask>'s music is that of <mask> Lysenko, who is considered "the father of Ukrainian classical music". <mask> admired Lysenko's music ever since he was a student at the Kamianets-Podilskyi Theological Seminary, when he had the seminary's choir perform the composer's music. Since then, he would perform Lysenko's music in concerts wherever he worked. Shchedryk/Carol of the Bells

<mask> <mask>'s Shchedryk is his most well-known piece. In its English version as a Christmas carol, it is known as the holiday favourite Carol of the Bells.It is famous for its four-note ostinato motif and has been arranged over 150 times since 2004. The original Ukrainian text of Shchedryk used hemiola, a shifting of accents within each measure between 6/8 and 3/4, which is lost in the English versions. The most popular English adaptation was composed in 1936 by Peter J Wilhousky who was influenced by the culture of his Eastern European parents and the traditional Christian story of carols ringing out at the birth of Jesus, although other English adaptations of the song were also made in 1947 by M. L. Holman, 1957, and 1972. The song has been used many times in the soundtracks for films and television. For example, it was used in the box office hits The Santa Clause and Home Alone, Will Vinton's award-winning A Claymation Christmas Celebration, and as a parody called Carol of the Meows in The O.C. 's episode "The Chrismukkah That Almost Wasn't". A modernised version of Carol of the Bells was played in The Office.It has also been arranged and performed by many groups, regardless of singing style or genre, ranging from classical (Vienna Boys Choir), to traditional music groups (Celtic Woman), to pop singers and groups (Jessica Simpson and Destiny's Child). Musical style
Leontovych had an original style. Many of his works have "deft use of imitative counterpoint and impressionistic harmony." He had a strong desire for his music to arouse the senses, especially sight, saying, "I'm interested in which colours you used for high tones, and which for the low ones. I myself often think about that, to combine sound and colour." His choral compositions feature rich harmony, vocal polyphony, and imitation. His earlier choral arrangements of folk songs were primarily strophic arrangements of the melody.As the composer gained more experience, the structure of his choral compositions and arrangements of folk songs became more frequently intertwined with text. <mask> arranged many Ukrainian folk songs, creating artistically independent choral compositions based on their melodies and lyrics. He followed the traditions of improvisation of Ukrainian kobzars, who would interpret every new strophe differently. He also employed humming and the variability in timbre of singers' voices as techniques in reaching a desired emotional or sensual effect. A central topic of <mask>'s work is choral music about everyday life. His music frequently reflect actual actions and events. An example of this is his shchedrivka Ой там за горою (Oh there behind the Mountain) in which a tenor initially starts the song with a solo and the rest of the voices of the choir gradually come in, reflecting carolling when new groups of singers join in.Then, a switching of parts begins between different groups of the choir, recreating the clamorous atmosphere of the New Year's Eve. Reception and popularity
For most of his career, <mask> kept his music to himself, only performing it during his own concerts. This was because of the composer's highly self-critical and shy personality. <mask>'s first critic was his friend and fellow priest and composer Kyrylo Stetsenko, who described him to be "a great expert of both choral singing and theoretical studies". He also convinced <mask> to publish his music and have it performed by the Kyiv University. The successful debut of "Shchedryk" earnt Leontovych popularity among specialists and fans of choral music in Kyiv. <mask>'s mentor-turned-coworker at the Kyiv Conservatory, Boleslav Yavorsky, also positively evaluated his newly written works.During another concert, <mask>'s Lehenda, set to a poem by <mask> Voronyi, gained great popularity. After reviewing <mask>'s Second Compilation of Songs from Podolia, Lysenko wrote: "<mask> has an original, illustrious gift. In his arrangements I found separate passages, movement of voices, which later developed in an ingeniously weaved musical network." The increase in popularity of <mask>'s music was aided by the head of the Ukrainian National Republic, Symon Petliura, who created and sponsored two choirs that would promote the awareness of and the culture of Ukraine. One choir headed by Kyrylo Stetsenko toured across Ukraine, while the Ukrainian Republic Capella headed by Alexander Koshetz toured Europe and the Americas. Performances by the Ukrainian Republic Capella made Leontovych known throughout the western world. In France, Leontovych earned the nickname, "Ukrainian Bach".On 5 October 1921, the Capella performed Shchedryk in the Carnegie Hall in New York City. In 1936, ethnically Ukrainian Peter J. Wilhousky, who worked for Radio NBC, wrote his own lyrics for the song, which became known as the Carol of the Bells. Apart from Shchedryk, or the Carol of the Bells, <mask>'s music is currently performed mostly in Ukraine and few recordings are dedicated exclusively to him. The Ukrainian diaspora remember him and perform his works. For example, the Olexander Koshetz Choir based in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, performs music of Ukrainian composers including <mask> and have made a recording of his music. See also
 List of Ukrainian composers – see other Ukrainian composers of the same period
 Musical nationalism

Notes

References

External links

 Leontovych <mask>, Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
 Museum-Apartment of M.D.Leontovych in Tulchyn

1877 births
1921 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century male musicians
Classical composers of church music
Deaths by firearm in Ukraine
Kyiv Conservatory faculty
Male classical composers
Male conductors (music)
People from Bratslavsky Uyezd
People from Nemyriv Raion
People murdered in Ukraine
Ukrainian classical composers
Ukrainian conductors (music)
Ukrainian murder victims
Ukrainian music

masks: Leontovych Mykola Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Mykola Mykola Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Mykola Leontovych Mykola Leontovych Mykola Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Mykola Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Leontovych Mykola


title: Charles d'Autremont

type: original

texts:
<mask>. d'Autremont, Jr. (June 2, 1855 – July 25, 1919) was a mayor of Duluth, Minnesota. He was an attorney by profession, active in the Democratic Party, and pursued the exploitation of copper and iron mineral resources. Early life and education
d'Autremont was born in Angelica, New York, where his father, <mask>., Sr., was a banker and in the mercantile trade. d'Autremont continued in his father's trade. The family was part of the movement of French refugees into New York's southern tier, a movement which included some of the Du Pont family as well. Among the family wares were grindstones, shipped to Geneva, New York for sale, as well as the processing of wolf pelts as a part of the New York State bounty on the predator. He also traded stocks in New York City and invested in western real estate.In 1848, <mask>., Sr., traveled the Continent – notably the Republic of France – arriving in Paris during the Revolutions of that year. Sarah (Collins) d'Autremont, spouse to <mask>., Sr., was an abolitionist. She was the daughter of Judge John Collins, Jr., who also served as an officer in the New York militia in the War of 1812. <mask>. d'Autremont, Jr., prepared at the Angelica Academy, matriculated at Cornell University (1868) for Academic Years 1868–69, 1869–70 and 1870–71. He took ill and moved to Lausanne, Switzerland  to study in a place more favorable to his recovery than Ithaca, New York. In 1872, d'Autremont returned to the United States to study law. He first read the law with his uncle, John G. Collins, at Angelica, N.Y.He then attended Columbia Law School, from which he received his LL.B. (1875). d'Autremont then spent the summer of 1875 travelling in Europe; and he returned in 1879. During the fall of 1875, he decided to settle in Elmira, New York, where he practiced law as an associate attorney in his future father-in-law's firm, Hart & McGuire. He was elected to Chemung County Board of Supervisors. In 1878, he returned to the family's homestead and hung his shingle to practice law at Angelica. During the professional years on New York's southern tier (1875–1882), d'Autremont campaigned actively for Horace Greeley in 1872, Samuel Tilden in 1876, and Winfield Scott Hancock  in 1880.He was president of Elmira's Tilden and Hancock Clubs and gave stump speeches throughout  New York and Pennsylvania. He moved to Duluth, Minnesota, in 1882. The Minnesota years
The removal to Duluth was happenstance. d'Autremont travelled east from a hunting trip on the Little Missouri River and missed the eastbound steamer at Duluth. Waiting several days for the next boat, he decided Duluth had opportunities lacking at home. Reaching Angelica, he packed up his belongings and returned with his family. d'Autremont was elected Saint Louis County attorney in 1884 and ran for Attorney General of the State of Minnesota in 1888.He was defeated. d'Autremont's western law practice focused on federal land grant law, with several notable appeals being decided by the U.S. Supreme Court. He also championed state laws against gambling and banning the sale of liquor on Sunday. In 1892 he was elected Mayor of Duluth. One of his most pressing concerns as mayor was relieving the effects of the Panic of 1893, which laid off hundreds of mine workers who, having no work, then moved into Duluth. In 1896 and 1902, d'Autremont served as Democratic elector for the State of Minnesota. After 1902, he served on the Democratic State Central Committee and its Executive Committee.His financial contribution to the campaign of William Jennings Bryan was double the party member's average for the 1908 presidential campaign. In 1892, d'Autremont surveyed the historic Mesaba range for iron ore. He and James Sheridan staked claims that became the great Sheridan, d'Autremont and Foster mines. In 1900, d'Autremont moved into copper ore exploitation. He organized, in part, the Lake Superior and Western Development Company, later the subject of a takeover by the Arizona and Calumet Mining Company. Having focused on the copper and iron mining industries, he was eventually president of the Angelica Mining Company, of Wicks, Montana, and a director of the Calumet and Arizona Mining Company. At their peak, his mining interests stretched from British Columbia through the United States and into the Republic of Mexico.Family life
d'Autremont's spouse was Harriet "Hattie" Hart, dau. of Erastus Parmalee Hart of Elmira, New York. They were married in Elmira on April 21, 1880. <mask> and Hattie had five children:  Antoinette (b. July 10, 1881 Angelica, N.Y. – d. 1958) spouse to Oliver S. Andresen of Duluth, Minn.; Louis Paul (b. Aug. 23, 1883, Duluth, Minn.); <mask> (b. Aug. 6, 1887 Tucson, AZ – d. Dec. 6, 1964 California) married Alice and had no children; Hubert Hart (b. Feb. 19, 1889, Duluth, Minn. – d. Apr. 15, 1947) married Helen Clara Congdon and had 4 children; and Marie Genevieve (b. March 9, 1892, Duluth, Minn. – d. Jun. 8, 1990), spouse to Alexander Le Roy Gerry of Hibbling, Minn., and had 3 children.Death
d'Autremont returned from the West to the family homeplace at Angelica, N.Y. and convalesced in Cuba, New York, near Angelica. From 1917 to 1919, his health declined and he died in Angelica, N.Y. Associations
d'Autremont was a member of Duluth's Commercial Club, the Kitchi Gammi Club, The Boat Club, The Yacht Club, The Curling Club, and the Northland Country Club. He initiated into both the Phi Kappa Psi and Psi Upsilon fraternities at Cornell University, when the local chapter of the former was changing affiliations between national organizations. At Phi Kappa Psi, he was a member along with, among others, federal Judge Franklin Ferriss and U.S. Senator Carl Schurz (R-Wis.). He was also a member of the Irving Literary Society.When living in Elmira, New York, he was a member of St. Omar's Commandery and the Century Club. <mask>' sons Hubert Hart and <mask> d'Autremont were Cornell graduates and members of Phi Kappa Psi and the Irving Literary Society, both joining with professor and Progressive Alfred Hayes, Jr.

References

1855 births
1919 deaths
Columbia Law School alumni
Cornell University alumni
People from Angelica, New York
Mayors of Duluth, Minnesota
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
Charles E
Charles E
Charles E
Charles E
Charles E
Charles
Charles Maurice
Charles
Charles Maurice


title: Dennis Levine

texts:
<mask><mask> (born August 5, 1952) is a corporate consultant and former investment banker. He was a managing director at the iconic Wall Street investment banking firm Drexel Burnham Lambert, where he was a major player in the merger and acquisition business in the 1980s. His career on Wall Street came to an abrupt end when he was prosecuted  by then U.S. Attorney, Rudy Giuliani, for insider trading. <mask> was one of the first of several high-profile insider trading defendants in the Wall Street insider trading investigations of the mid-1980s. As a result of the investigation and subsequent proceedings, <mask> pleaded guilty to various charges related to insider trading. Early life
<mask> grew up in a middle-class Jewish family in Bayside in eastern Queens. He graduated from CUNY's Baruch College, obtaining an MBA from the same college in 1976.Career
After being hired away from his career at Citibank in 1978, he joined Smith Barney's corporate finance department and worked in its Paris office specializing in mergers and acquisitions. He moved to Lehman Brothers in 1981. Shortly after Lehman was bought by American Express in 1985, <mask> moved to Drexel as a managing director. <mask> spent most of his career as a specialist in mergers and acquisitions. It was very common to see him on a telephone with an extra-long cord while hunched over a Quotron, checking out signs of possible deals. He participated in many transactions throughout his career, three of which were among the more notable hostile takeovers of the 1980s — James Goldsmith's takeover of Crown Zellerbach, Coastal Corporation's takeover of American Natural Resources, and Ron Perelman's takeover of Revlon. After his return to the business world, <mask> re-entered to the finance world as president of ADASAR Group, a financial consulting firm.Over the last 30+ years, <mask> has worked as a global strategist for innovative technology trends, focusing on controlled environment agriculture and sustainability, including food, water and energy systems. He also lectures at universities and organizations on a host of contemporary issues from business ethics to emerging technology developments. Insider trading
Over the years, <mask> built a network of professionals at various Wall Street firms. Participants exchanged and traded on information that they obtained through their work. <mask> placed his trades through an account maintained under an assumed name at Bahamian subsidiaries of Swiss banks, using pay phones to prevent his calls from being traced. After briefly doing business with Pictet & Cie, he moved his business to Bank Leu in May 1980, eventually earning $10.6 million in profits. Like most Swiss banks, Bank Leu had a long tradition of secrecy.Additionally, the Bahamas had some of the strictest bank secrecy laws in the world; with few exceptions, Bahamian banks were barred from disclosing any information about a customer's banking relationship to a third party. Some Bank Leu officials soon began to copy, or "piggyback", <mask>'s trades for their own accounts. In the process, they too profited from <mask>'s trades. To cover the trail, they broke up <mask>'s trades among several brokers. Unfortunately for <mask>, they steered a large number of his trades through a broker at Merrill Lynch, who also began piggybacking the trades for himself. In May 1985, Merrill Lynch detected suspicious activity in that and two other brokers' personal trading accounts. An internal investigation led to Bank Leu.Unable to pierce the veil of secrecy, Merrill Lynch forwarded the affair to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Bank officials suggested that <mask> come up with reasons to justify the trades. However, they also forged or destroyed many documents related to <mask>'s activity — thus opening themselves to charges of obstruction of justice. Their story fell apart when the noted attorney Harvey Pitt, whom the bank had retained, noticed a huge gap between the actual statements of the bank's managed accounts and the omnibus records. At that point, the bank decided to co-operate with the SEC. The Bahamian Attorney General, Paul Adderly, issued an opinion that stock trading was separate from banking. Therefore, since Bank Leu did not have a "banking relationship" with <mask>, any disclosure about him would not violate Bahamian banking law.The bank was thus free to reveal <mask>'s name and he was arrested soon afterward. At the same time, he was sued by the SEC. On June 5, 1986, <mask> was forced to plead guilty to securities fraud, tax evasion and perjury. Like all of the defendants charged, he agreed to co-operate with the government investigation to expose the other members of his group. <mask> also settled the SEC's charges, agreeing to disgorge $11.5 million—at the time, the largest such penalty in SEC history. He also agreed to a lifetime ban from the securities industry. <mask> also agreed to pay $2 million in back taxes out of the amount he disgorged to the SEC.Subsequently, <mask> directly implicated powerful arbitrageur Ivan Boesky, and information from the Boesky case also implicated another prominent player in the mergers and acquisitions circle, Martin Siegel. Both Boesky and Siegel subsequently pleaded guilty. Due in part to this co-operation, federal judge Gerald Goettel imposed a lenient sentence of two years in prison and a $362,000 fine. However, since <mask> had been stripped of nearly all of his liquid assets by the SEC and IRS, Goettel did not "commit" the fines, meaning that he would not be held in contempt of court if he left prison without paying them. At sentencing, Goettel said that <mask> had helped expose "a nest of vipers on Wall Street". <mask> said that after his arrest, he seriously considered fighting the charges, claiming that the government circumvented Bahamian law in order to obtain most of the evidence against him, including records of his phone calls. However, he said, the possibility of additional charges in a superseding indictment—possibly including the powerful Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act — and concern about the effects on his family - led him to conclude that this was a battle he could not win.<mask> recalled that his lawyer, Arthur Liman, told him that if he went to trial, he faced up to 20 years in prison and the loss of everything he owned. The SEC and the US Attorney's office conducted investigations that soon extended well beyond <mask>'s trading group. There seemed to be an entire web of relationships among Wall Street professionals exchanging information and other favors, including the parking of stock, the accumulation of stock to pressure a firm's management and stock price, all unrelated to <mask>. Well known market participants were soon caught up in the investigations, including Siegel, Boesky and the Goldman Sachs senior partner and arbitrageur Robert Freeman. The investigations also indirectly led to Michael Milken who was highly influential in the junk bond market at the time. In 1991, <mask> wrote the book Inside Out—an Insiders Account of Wall Street. He accepted responsibility and claimed the vast majority of professionals on Wall Street followed the rules.In lectures to students since then, he acknowledges his mistakes, stresses the importance of ethical standards to young professionals through his real-life experiences. See also
Mike Milken
Ivan Boesky
Chip Skowron, hedge fund portfolio manager convicted of insider trading

References

External links
ADASAR website
<mask>'s inside story
Seoul Digital Forum

Stock and commodity market managers
People convicted of obstruction of justice
American perjurers
American people convicted of tax crimes
20th-century American Jews
American white-collar criminals
People from Bayside, Queens
People from Queens, New York
American businesspeople
1952 births
Living people
Baruch College alumni
Drexel Burnham Lambert
American people convicted of fraud
1986 crimes in the United States
People convicted of insider trading
American businesspeople convicted of crimes
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Dennis B
. Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Dennis Levine


title: Donald Hodgen

texts:
<mask> (born 25 May 1963) is a Northern Irish loyalist and a former member of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA). He was best known as the commander and chief enforcer of West Belfast Brigade leader Johnny Adair's notorious C Company which operated on the Shankill Road. Early years
Born into a Protestant family in Belfast, Northern Ireland in May 1963, Hodgen grew up on Albertville Drive in the loyalist Lower Oldpark area, which is close to the Lower Shankill. In the early 1980s he joined a racist skinhead gang based in the Lower Shankill and Lower Oldpark areas which included Johnny Adair, Sam McCrory, "Fat" Jackie Thompson, James and Herbie Millar amongst its membership. <mask>, Adair, McCrory and Thompson were all classmates at the Somerdale School on the Crumlin Road. and, although the gang still officially attended the school, they would frequently skip school, catch a public bus into the near-countryside and consume large quantities of cider. This was always procured by Hodgen, who was much taller than the rest of the gang and so appeared older than he actually was.Hodgen formed a close friendship with Adair during their time together in the skinhead gang. The gang began to gather outside the Buffs Club on the corner of the Crumlin Road and Century Street, where their numbers were swollen by other young men from in and around the Shankill. The imposing Hodgen, who for a time had a red-white-and-blue mohican and had tattoos on his head of the Union Flag and the legend "Oi! Skins", became the most recognised face of the gang. The gang became involved in petty crime, progressing steadily into more violent activities and even formed a Rock Against Communism-styled band called "Offensive Weapon". Although Hodgen did not play with the group he and another skinhead called Marty, who was English-based and more usually worked for Skrewdriver, were the band's road crew for their gigs. Part of the Offensive Weapon's performance would see Hodgen and Marty invade the stage at the end of the band's set and attack the band members, to the delight of the audience.The gang, which was part of a wider group in loyalist north and west Belfast known as the "NF Skinz" because of their vague support for the National Front, gained widespread notoriety on 14 January 1981 when "Seig Heiling" members launched a brutal attack on anti-racist fans of The Specials and The Beat when the two bands played a concert at the Ulster Hall. Hodgen was present at this event as well as the August 1983 "Gluesniffers March", when 200 skinheads descended on Belfast City Hall determined to riot with Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament members, who were themselves holding a rally. The march took its name from the prevalence of solvent abuse among the skinheads. The gang was not sanctioned by the UDA leadership, and their activities led to South Belfast brigadier John McMichael declaring that he wanted the gang members "run out of town". Ulster Defence Association C Company
In 1984 Hodgen and the rest of the Century Street gang, whose low-level criminal and anti-social activity had inspired complaints by some locals to the UDA, were recruited into that organisation after being effectively told that if they did not join they would face the wrath of the local brigade. Along with Adair, McCrory and Thompson, Hodgen was assigned to C8, an active unit that formed part of the West Belfast Brigade's C Company, which covered the lower Shankill. The young members early duties mostly consisted of rioting, along with occasional gun attacks on heavily armoured police vehicles or arson attacks on local businesses felt to be employing "too many" Catholics.The unit however was eager to become more active and from an early stage plotted to kill solicitor Pat Finucane, although the plan was initially vetoed by the brigade leadership. Things changed however in 1990 when Tommy Lyttle was removed as West Belfast brigadier and, under new leadership, Adair and C8 began to emerge as the leading unit in the brigade. Adair formed a so-called "Dream Team" of active gunmen with Hodgen a charter member of this group. Hodgen, who had a reputation for being taciturn in contrast to the vocal Adair, regularly accompanied Adair on most of his activities, acting as his unofficial bodyguard. The pair were together on 6 March 1993 when Adair's Vauxhall Cavalier was shot up by a Provisional IRA gunman as it sat on a Shankill back street. Hodgen was shot in the shoulder and Adair in the leg but both men survived the attack despite the car being riddled with bullets. According to Adair's sometime girlfriend Jackie "Legs" Robinson, Hodgen was also present at the killing of Noel Cardwell, a glass collector in C Company's favourite bar the "Diamond Jubilee", whom the group accused of being an informer.Cardwell, who suffered from learning difficulties, had been hospitalised after having his drink spiked with ecstasy by a C Company member and had named the members to police who visited him in hospital, not realising the Omertà-style code that C Company operated under. Cardwell was taken to a house used for interrogations and knifed on the evening of 12 December 1993, his body being discovered the next morning. In 1993 Adair took over as West Belfast Brigadier following the arrest of incumbent Jim Spence. Adair had been commander of C Company at that point and so he promoted Hodgen to that role, with Winkie Dodds serving as Hodgen's second in command. Under Hodgen's command C Company continued to be a highly active outlet for sectarian killings and he became known as Adair's chief enforcer. Hodgen's command came to an end on 16 May 1994 when he was arrested as part of a Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) operation in which around twenty leading members of the West Belfast Brigade were arrested on terrorism charges. It was standard practice in the UDA that an office-holder vacated their position whenever they were taken into custody.Whilst some members, including Adair, were imprisoned as part of this operation Hodgen was released soon after his arrest. Activity in west Belfast diminished somewhat due to Adair's imprisonment and the Combined Loyalist Military Command (CLMC) ceasefire. However this began to change in 1999 when a released Adair began to expand into the drugs trade and also looked to rearm C Company for future activities. In November 1999 Adair and his wife Gina moved into a house on Boundary Way in the "Beirut" area of the lower Shankill, with Hodgen among a number of leading C Company figures who became Adair's neighbours as a consequence. A loyalist feud with the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) soon ensued, although this was ended by Adair's return to prison in 2000. Hodgen remained loyal to Adair's leadership until the end, attacking Winkie Dodds' brother in late 2002. The attack followed a falling out between Dodds and Adair over a debt owed by Dodds' brother-in-law to C Company.Hodgen did however have some private reservations about Adair's increasingly erratic behaviour at this period and in early 2003 when he learned that Adair intended to kill another C Company member Mo Courtney – due to suspicions that he was an informer – Hodgen tipped Courtney off about the plan, allowing him to escape before any hit could take place. By this point however Hodgen had effectively retired from the UDA and when Adair was returned to prison in January 2003 the two old friends had no further contact. He dropped out of the public eye altogether and as such was not part of the group of C Company die-hards forced out of the Shankill Road by the mainstream UDA that same year. Hodgen's lack of involvement in this incident led to Adair condemning him and Jackie Thompson, who fled the Shankill before the arrival of around 100 UDA members after hearing about the plan in advance, as "the cowards at the top". Following the purge of Adair supporters Hodgen was said to be living in Portavogie with the sister of fellow C Company veteran Tommy Potts. Bibliography
Lister, David & Jordan, Hugh (2004). Mad Dog: The Rise and Fall of Johnny Adair and C Company.Edinburgh: Mainstream. McDonald, Henry & Cusack, Jim (2004). UDA – Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror. Dublin: Penguin Ireland
Wood, Ian S. (2006). Crimes of Loyalty: A History of the UDA. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. References

1963 births
Living people
Paramilitaries from Belfast
Ulster Defence Association members
UDA C Company members

masks:
Donald Hodgen
Hodgen


title: Jonathan Sumption, Lord Sumption

texts:
<mask>, <mask>ion,  (born 9 December 1948), is a British author, medieval historian and former senior judge who sat on the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom between 2012 and 2018. Sumption was sworn in as a Justice of the Supreme Court on 11 January 2012, succeeding Lawrence Collins, Baron Collins of Mapesbury. Exceptionally, he was appointed to the Supreme Court directly from the practising Bar, without having been a full-time judge. He retired from the Supreme Court on 9 December 2018 upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70. Sumption is well known for his role as a barrister in many legal cases. They include appearances in the Hutton Inquiry on HM Government's behalf, in the Three Rivers case, his representation of former Cabinet Minister Stephen Byers and the Department for Transport in the Railtrack private shareholders' action against the British Government in 2005, for defending HM Government in an appeal hearing brought by Binyam Mohamed, and for successfully defending Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich in a private lawsuit brought by Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky. A former academic, Sumption was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2003 New Year Honours and is also known for writing a substantial narrative history of the Hundred Years' War, so far in four volumes.Sumption has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS) and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (FSA). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Sumption criticised lockdowns and associated British government policies. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 9 December 1948. He is the eldest of the four children of <mask>, a decorated naval officer and barrister, and Hilda Hedigan; their marriage was dissolved in 1979. He was educated at Eton College, where at 15 he was at the bottom of his class. He read Medieval History at Magdalen College, Oxford, from 1967 to 1970, graduating with a first. He was elected a fellow of Magdalen College, teaching and writing books on medieval history from 1971 to 1975 before leaving to pursue a career in law.Called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1975, he then pursued a successful legal practice in commercial law. In the 1970s, Sumption served as an adviser to the Conservative MP and Cabinet Minister Keith Joseph. In 1974 Joseph and Margaret Thatcher together founded the Centre for Policy Studies to act as a think tank for the Conservative Party, and Sumption became one of its earliest employees, working as a speechwriter for Joseph. Sumption and Joseph co-wrote a 1979 book, Equality, seeking to show that "no convincing arguments for an equal society have ever been advanced" and that "no such society has ever been successfully created". In the late 1970s Sumption was a regular contributor to The Sunday Telegraph. Legal career

Sumption was appointed Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1986 at the relatively young age of 38, and elected a Bencher of the Inner Temple in 1991. He has served as a Deputy High Court Judge in the Chancery Division, and a Judge of the Court of Appeal of Jersey and the Guernsey Court of Appeal.He was a member of the Judicial Appointments Commission, until his appointment to the Supreme Court. Sumption was joint head of Brick Court Chambers. On 30 November 2007, when a practising barrister, Sumption successfully represented himself before Mr Justice Collins in a judicial review application in the Administrative Court concerning proposed development near his home at Greenwich. Earnings as a barrister
The Guardian once described him as being a member of the "million-a-year club", the elite group of barristers earning over a million pounds a year. In a letter to The Guardian in 2001, he compared his "puny £1.6 million a year" to the vastly larger amounts that comparable individuals in business, sports and entertainment are paid. For a four-week trial (and all the preparatory work) in the UK in 2005 he charged £800,000 to represent HM Government in the largest class action in the UK, brought by 49,500 private shareholders of the collapsed national railway infrastructure company Railtrack. The Government had money and reputation at stake, the case examining some of the actions of HM Government, especially of former Transport Secretary Stephen Byers.Byers became the only former Cabinet Minister to be cross-examined in the High Court in relation to his actions in modern times: the British Government won the case. Sumption earned £7.8 million for his defence of Roman Abramovich in the 2012 case Berezovsky v Abramovich. This is believed to be the highest fee ever earned in British legal history. Judicial career
On 4 May 2011 <mask>'s appointment as a Justice of the Supreme Court was announced. Upon his subsequent swearing-in on 11 January 2012, he assumed the title of Lord Sumption pursuant to a Royal Warrant (by which all members of the Supreme Court, even if they do not hold a peerage title, are accorded the style of "Lord" for life). Sumption was sworn of the Privy Council on 14 December 2011 in advance of his joining the Court, whose Justices also serve as members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. He retired from the Supreme Court on 9 December 2018.Sumption is the first lawyer appointed to the Supreme Court without previously serving as a full-time judge since its inception in 2009. There were only five such appointments as Law Lords to the Court's predecessor, the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords. Two were Scots lawyers: Lord Macmillan in 1930 and Lord Reid in 1948; the others were: Lord Macnaghten (1887), Lord Carson (1921) and <mask> (1949). After his retirement, Sumption sat on the Supplementary Panel of the Supreme Court from 13 December 2018 to 30 January 2021. He voluntarily retired in 2021 because he considered it inappropriate to serve on the panel in view of his public criticisms of the government. On 13 December 2019 Sumption was appointed as a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong by Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam. After making his pledge of allegiance to the Hong Kong SAR of the People's Republic of China as part of the judicial oath, Lord Sumption officially commenced his office as a Hong Kong judge on 18 December 2019.He had previously appeared as counsel in the Court of Final Appeal in a number of cases. Historian

The Hundred Years' War
Sumption's narrative history of the Hundred Years' War between England and France (of which four volumes have so far been published, between 1990 and 2015) has been widely praised as "earning a place alongside Steven Runciman's A History of the Crusades" according to Frederic Raphael, and as a work that "deploys an enormous variety of documentary material ... and interprets it with imaginative and intelligent sympathy" and is "elegantly written" (Rosamond McKitterick, Evening Standard); for Allan Massie it is "An enterprise on a truly Victorian scale ... What is most impressive about this work, apart from the author's mastery of his material and his deployment of it, is his political intelligence". Five volumes are planned. Volume I (covering the years from the funeral of Charles IV of France in 1329 to the Surrender of Calais in 1347) was first published in 1990. Volume II (covering the years from 1347 to 1369) was published in 1999. Volume III (covering the years from 1369 to 1399) appeared in 2009. Volume IV (covering the years from 1399 to 1422) appeared in 2015, the 600th anniversary of the Battle of Agincourt.Sumption has been praised for a clipped and polished prose style, which he credits to his unwillingness to employ cliché. He admires Gibbon but points out "if anybody wrote like him today they’d be dismissed as a pompous fart". Political views
Sumption has been described as "conservative neo-liberal and libertarian." In 1974, he worked with Conservative MP Keith Joseph at the Centre for Policy Studies, a Conservative Party think-tank. However, he was a Labour supporter at the time and later voted for Tony Blair. He has said that an attempt to rapidly achieve gender equality in the Supreme Court through quotas or positive discrimination could end up discouraging the best applicants, as they would no longer believe that the process would select on merit, and "have appalling consequences for justice". He has criticised the judicial appointments process in the United States, where politicians quiz judicial appointees on their views, as "discreditable" and described former Attorney General for England and Wales Geoffrey Cox's proposal for a similar system as, "one of the most ill-thought-out ideas ever to emerge from a resentful government frustrated by its inability to do whatever it likes".He has criticised the historical curriculum in English schools as "appallingly narrow", warning that by forcing English schoolchildren to study 1918–1945 in isolation they "are being taught about Germany and Europe during its most aberrant period". He believes that history should not be apologised for once perpetrators of injustices are no longer alive, describing apologies for events such as the Irish Famine and the Armenian Genocide as "morally worthless", although saying that, "we have a duty to understand why things happened as they did" and there are "lessons to be learned". In the wake of the Black Lives Matter protests following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 in Minneapolis, the United States, Sumption criticised the removal of monuments, arguing that people of the past did not share the values of the present and calling it "an irrational and absurd thing to do". Brexit
He voted to remain in the European Union in the 2016 referendum, describing the decision to leave as, "a serious mistake that will do lasting damage to our economy" and that, "Britain will be dominated by the European Union whether we belong to it or not". Nevertheless, he believed there were strong arguments for Brexit on the grounds of national sovereignty and identity. He said that leavers, "were not mad. They are not irrational, not naive and have not been deceived".He wrote that, "All of these patronising explanations of their decision seems to me to be mere attempts to evade unpalatable truths." Judicial interference in politics
Sumption has written in detail about his concerns regarding the relationship between the judiciary and politics in several lectures and books, most notably his books Trials of the State: Law and the Decline of Politics (2019) and Law in a Time of Crisis (2021). He argues that since the 1960s, but particularly in recent years, the courts have undermined the political processes and institutions of parliament by judging issues that should be decided by elected politicians and ministers. He specifically critiques the expansion of judicial review, saying that, "It has tended to intrude into areas that belong to parliament and ministers answerable to parliament", and has criticised the interpretative powers conferred by the Human Rights Act 1998. He argues that political figures are more democratically accountable to the public for decisions they make, unlike judges who are unelected and difficult to remove from office. He has criticised the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which interprets and adjudicates on the European Convention on Human Rights. He has compared the values of the ECHR and those of the post-war dictatorships of eastern Europe, stating that "they both employ the concept of democracy as a generalised term of approval for a set of political values".He describes the text of the Convention as "wholly admirable" but argues that the Strasburg court has interpreted and developed the rights very broadly to go beyond their original meaning and to the extent that the rights cover issues which are properly the remit of elected legislatures. He has criticised the "living instrument" doctrine, particularly regarding Article 8 of the Convention, which he describes as, "the most striking example of this kind of mission creep." He has said that if there was no significant change in the approach of the Strasburg court then he would support withdrawing from the Convention. COVID-19 pandemic
Sumption has been highly critical of the British government's lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic on civil libertarian grounds, seeing them as a slippery slope, while also criticising the legal basis for their enactment and the enforceability of COVID-19 control measures. He has also questioned whether the virus is serious enough to justify restrictive measures, while also arguing that the effects of lockdowns may be worse than the effects of the actual virus, attracting controversy and debate in British media outlets. On 17 January 2021, Sumption appeared on The Big Questions to discuss the question of whether the lockdown was "punishing too many for the greater good", and said (with reference to the medical concept of quality-adjusted life years) that "I don’t accept that all lives are of equal value. My children’s and my grandchildren’s life is worth much more than mine because they’ve got a lot more of it ahead".When a cancer patient taking part in the debate said that he was saying that her life was "not valuable", Sumption interrupted her, saying: "I didn’t say your life was not valuable, I said it was less valuable." Health experts have criticised his views, stating that the concept of "quality adjusted life years" is primarily useful for debates on the allocation of scarce healthcare resources, and may not be useful for discussion of a nationwide lockdown. In July 2021, Full Fact concluded in a fact-checking article that Sumption had "made several mistakes with Covid-19 data when talking about the disease" on BBC Radio 4's Today programme. This included incorrect statements that many recorded COVID-19 deaths were people who had the virus but had died of unrelated causes, that people who had died of COVID-19 "would probably have died within a year after" (on average, British COVID-19 victims lost around a decade of life), and that only "hundreds" of people without pre-existing medical conditions in the UK had died of COVID-19 (the true figure is 15,883 in England alone). Professor of Health and Law John Coggon critiqued Sumption's philosophical and legal arguments against COVID-19 restrictions in the Journal of Medical Ethics; he also contrasted Sumption's libertarian arguments against such restrictions with arguments he himself had made against the right to die when involved in R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice, when he argued that the moral principle of sanctity of life should be protected in law. Personal life
Sumption met Teresa Whelan at his sixth birthday party and they later married shortly after he graduated from Oxford. They have two daughters, one son, and five grandchildren.He lives in Greenwich and has a second home, a chateau in the village of Berbiguières in the south of France. Sumption speaks French and Italian fluently, and reads Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, Catalan and Latin. He "rarely learned them using guides, instead I preferred to muddle on through a text with a dictionary by my side". An opera lover, he serves as a director of the English National Opera and as a governor of the Royal Academy of Music. Full style
 The Rt Hon Lord <mask>, OBE, FRHistS, FSA. Stone & Rolls v Moore Stephens [2009] UKHL 39, won, representing the accountants

As judge
Two books are dedicated to Sumption's contribution to private and public law respectively. The following cases are an excerpt of his contribution to the law:
 Kelly v Fraser [2012] UKPC 25 [15], [2013] 1 AC 450 - on apparent authority based on an agent's misrepresentation that the principal had approved the transaction
 Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd & Ors [2013] UKSC 34, [2013] 2 AC 415 - on piercing the corporate veil
 Bank Mellat v Her Majesty's Treasury (No.

masks:
Jonathan Philip Chadwick Sumption
Lord Sumpt
Jonathan Sumption
Anthony Sumption
Sumption
Lord Radcliffe
Sumption


title: Sean Manaea

texts:
<mask> ( ; born February 1, 1992) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Oakland Athletics of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball at Indiana State University. While attending Indiana State, <mask> was named the best prospect in the Cape Cod Baseball League in 2012. The Kansas City Royals selected <mask> with the 34th pick in the 2013 MLB draft, and traded him to the Athletics during the 2015 season. He debuted in MLB in 2016 and pitched a no-hitter on April 21, 2018. Amateur career
<mask> was raised in Wanatah, Indiana. He attended South Central Junior-Senior High School in Union Mills, Indiana for his first three years of high school.After his junior year, he competed in the first All-Indiana Crossroads Showcase Series. Manaea transferred to Andrean High School in Merrillville, Indiana. Playing for the baseball team at Andrean, Manaea was part of the state champions in 2010, his senior year. He threw a fastball between . Not selected in the Major League Baseball draft out of high school, Manaea enrolled at Indiana State University, where he played college baseball for the Indiana State Sycamores baseball team, competing in the Missouri Valley Conference of NCAA's Division I. The summer after his freshman year at ISU, Manaea played for the Dubois County Bombers in Huntingburg, IN, then in the Prospect League. With the Bombers, he was awarded the Prospect League's MVP Award for 2011.Manaea recorded 115 strikeouts in 105 innings pitched as a sophomore. Following his sophomore year at Indiana State, he competed for the Hyannis Harbor Hawks in the Cape Cod Baseball League, where he went 5–1 with a 1.22 ERA and 85 strikeouts in  innings pitched, and won the league's Outstanding Prospect Award. In 2013, <mask> was named a Preseason All-American and added to the National Pitcher of the Year Watch List. He compiled a 5–4 record, a 1.47 ERA, and 93 strikeouts in  innings, ranking fourth in the nation in strikeouts per 9 innings pitched. By the end of his collegiate career, his fastball reached as high as . Professional career
Considered a top prospect in the 2013 Major League Baseball draft, <mask> was scouted by the Houston Astros, who had the first overall pick. Kansas City Royals
However, he had a hip injury and was not selected until the Kansas City Royals took him with the 34th pick of the draft.The Royals signed <mask> to a $3.55 million signing bonus, above the recommended value for the 34th pick of $1,623,000. He had surgery to repair a torn acetabular labrum and missed the remainder of the 2013 season. Healthy in time for spring training in 2014, the Royals assigned <mask> to the Wilmington Blue Rocks of the Class A-Advanced Carolina League, with the plan to limit him to 150 innings pitched for the 2014 season. <mask> had a 7–8 record with a 3.11 ERA in 25 games started, leading the Carolina League with 146 strikeouts. He missed the beginning of the 2015 season with abdominal and groin injuries. After making four starts for Wilmington, <mask> received a promotion to the Northwest Arkansas Naturals of the Class AA Texas League in July. Oakland Athletics
The Royals traded <mask> and Aaron Brooks to the Oakland Athletics on July 28, 2015, in exchange for Ben Zobrist.The Athletics assigned him to the Midland RockHounds of the Texas League. With Midland, Manaea made seven starts, and had a 1.90 ERA with 51 strikeouts in  innings pitched. He began the 2016 season with the Nashville Sounds of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. After he made three starts for Nashville, the Athletics promoted <mask> to the major leagues to make his debut on April 29. In his rookie season, Manaea pitched to a 7–9 win–loss record and a 3.86 ERA. <mask> was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to a left shoulder strain on April 30, 2017. Manaea completed his 16th consecutive outing in which he pitched at least two innings allowing no more than five hits on June 5.<mask> surpassed Tom Gordon's streak of 15 games (June 24–September 2, 1992), becoming the longest such streak by an American League (AL) pitcher since 1913. In 16 starts prior to the All-Star break, Manaea had a 3.76 ERA. He struggled with weight loss during the season due to changing dosage of an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication he was prescribed in the spring, going from  to . He ended the year with a 12–10 record and a 4.37 ERA. On April 21, 2018, Manaea no-hit the Boston Red Sox 3-0 at Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, becoming the first Athletics pitcher to throw a no-hitter since Dallas Braden's perfect game in 2010. He struck out 10 and walked two. With a .894 winning percentage, the Red Sox had the best record, at the time, of any team to be no-hit in baseball history.<mask> and Manny Machado were named the AL's Co-Players of the Week for the week ending April 22. In his next start against the Houston Astros on April 27, 2018, <mask> pitched seven scoreless innings and struck out seven as the A's won 8–1. On September 11, 2018, he was ruled out for the season and for the 2019 season as well due to shoulder surgery. He ended the 2018 season with a 12–9 record in 27 starts. He tied for the major league lead in bunt hits given up, with six. <mask> spent the majority of the 2019 season rehabbing his shoulder, making his season debut in September. In 5 starts, he was 4-0 with 30 strikeouts in  innings, and earning the start in the 2019 AL Wild Card Game against the Tampa Bay Rays.Unfortunately, he did not fare nearly as well, giving up four runs on four hits, including three home runs, despite striking out five, leading to his exit after two-plus innings in an eventual 5-1 Oakland loss. In 2020, <mask> finished the shortened season with a record of 4-3 and an ERA of 4.50 in 11 starts. As Oakland advanced in the playoffs, Manaea pitched against the Houston Astros. He took the loss as he allowed 4 runs in  innings. Personal life
<mask>'s father, Faaloloi, moved from American Samoa to Hawaii, served in the Vietnam War, and was then stationed in Indiana, where he ultimately settled. Faaloloi worked for the Inland Steel Company following his military service. His mother, Opal, is a factory worker.Manaea has two older brothers—a half-brother from his father's first marriage and a full brother. See also

List of Major League Baseball no-hitters

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Samoan descent
Baseball players from Indiana
Hyannis Harbor Hawks players
Indiana State Sycamores baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Midland RockHounds players
Nashville Sounds players
Northwest Arkansas Naturals players
Oakland Athletics players
People from LaPorte County, Indiana
People from Merrillville, Indiana
Stockton Ports players
Wilmington Blue Rocks players

masks:
Sean Anthony Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea
Manaea


title: Wade Barber

texts:
<mask> is a lawyer, retired judge, and former prosecutor currently practicing law in Pittsboro, North Carolina. <mask> served as Senior Resident Superior Court Judge for North Carolina Judicial District 15B from 1998-2006. He returned to private practice in June 2007, and his daughter, <mask>, joined the practice in March 2010. The two now practice as Barber & Barber, PLLC. Education

Judge <mask> graduated from Pittsboro High School in 1962. He received a B.A. in Economics from Davidson College in 1967 and received a J.D.from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1970, where he served as president of his class and vice president of the Student Bar Association. Over the course of his career, <mask> has expanded his legal education by attending numerous conferences and seminars, including intensive programs with the National College of District Attorneys, Cornell University, Duke University School of Law, the University of North Carolina School of Business, the Arizona Supreme Court, and the National Judicial College. Career

Judge <mask> began his career with the Mecklenburg Legal Aid Society. In 1971 he joined the general practice law firm Barber, Holmes, and Barber in Pittsboro. In 1977, <mask> left private practice to serve as the District Attorney of Orange and Chatham counties, a position he held until 1984. While District Attorney, <mask> was active in the North Carolina District Attorneys Association, serving as President of that body from 1981-1982. As District Attorney, he was particularly helpful in organizing support from the legal community (http://files.constantcontact.com/958a4709001/b54c8a39-cf45-435a-a443-d375948cda7d.doc) for the establishment of the Dispute Settlement Center of Orange County, the first community-based mediation program in North Carolina.He resigned public office in 1985 to practice law and founded the firm Barber, Bradshaw & Vernon in Pittsboro. In 1998, he began his tenure as Senior Resident Superior Court Judge for District 15B, serving Chatham and Orange Counties. <mask> retired from the bench in 2006 and returned to private practice the following year in Pittsboro. In 2010, his daughter, Elizabeth, joined the practice. Public service

Judge <mask> has been dedicated to community leadership and public service throughout his career, and he has helped lead many organizations around North Carolina. He currently serves on the Board of Directors of the Golden LEAF Foundation and the North Carolina Environmental Defense Fund. <mask> has long held an interest in environmental issues in North Carolina and he accepted a nomination to join the EDF board in 2006.In 1984, <mask> was named Chairman of the North Carolina Task Force on Dispute Resolution. Under his leadership, that group recommended the establishment of court mediation, court-based arbitration, and community-based dispute settlement center programs that revolutionized dispute resolution in North Carolina. From 1985-1988, <mask> served on the Board of Governors of the North Carolina Bar Association. Also with the Bar Association, <mask> served as Co-Chair of the Centennial Committee (1997–1999) and the Judicial Independence Committee (2006–2010), worked on the Quality of Life Task Force (1989–1991), the Nominating Committee (1994–1995) and the Commission on Public Trust and the Legal Profession (1992–1994). <mask> served as Chairman of the North Carolina Criminal Justice Education and Training Standards Commission from 1981-1985. With his direction, the commission initiated a comprehensive study of the activities of law enforcement, which led to the redesign of the basic law enforcement training course and a doubling of the number of hours required for certification. Twice, from 1981–1984 and again from 1993–1998, <mask> served on the North Carolina Courts Commission.During his second term, he served as Chairman of the Committee on the Structure of the Courts. His leadership led to legislation directing the North Carolina Supreme Court to develop a Case Flow Management Plan in 1995. The committee also initiated studies of the jury process. He has also served on the North Carolina Criminal Code Commission (1979–1981), as President of the District 15B Bar Association (1989–1990), as Councilor (1995–1998) and as a member of the Ethics Committee (1995–1999, 2006–2007) for the North Carolina State Bar, as Chairman of the State Board of Continuing Legal Education (1990–1992), as a Committee Chairman on the Governor’s Task Force on Drunk Driving (1982–1983), on the Commission on Alternatives to Incarceration (1980–1983), on the Chief Justice’s Advisory Committee on Court Personnel (1981), on the North Carolina News Media/Administration of Justice Council (1980–1982), as President of the North Carolina District Attorney’s Association (1981–1982), on the Alumni Association Board of Directors at the University of North Carolina School of Law (1996–2002), and as an Advisor to the North Carolina Commission on the Future of the Courts (1995–1997). <mask> has also held leadership positions in the Chatham County Democratic Party (Chairman, 1975–1977; Precinct Chairman, 1973–1975), the 4th Congressional District Democratic Party (Chairman, 1976–1977), and the Pittsboro Presbyterian Church (Deacon, 1979–1982; Elder, 1982–1984). From 1968-1976, <mask> served in the United States Army Reserve, where he obtained the rank of Lieutenant. Awards

Judge <mask> was one of the first to receive the North Carolina State Bar Distinguished Service Award.This award honors members of the North Carolina State Bar who have demonstrated exemplary service to the legal profession. Over his career, he has been awarded the Chatham County Smart Start Distinguished Service Award, the North Carolina Civil Liberties Union Award, the North Carolina Mediation Network Service Award, and the North Carolina Bar Association’s Dispute Resolution Section Service Award. Family

Judge <mask> and his wife Marina currently reside in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Marina was a professor in speech at Peace College in Raleigh. They have two daughters: Claire graduated from Loyola School of Law in Los Angeles and is raising three children, and Elizabeth graduated from the University of North Carolina School of Law and now practices law with <mask> at Barber & Barber, PLLC. <mask>'s son-in-law and Claire's husband is Rabbi Joshua Fenton, Director of Jewish Life & Learning at the Addison-Penzak Jewish Community Center in San Jose, California. References

 http://www.wadebarber.com/attorneys.html
 http://lawyers.law.cornell.edu/lawyer/wade-barber-jr-876482

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Davidson College alumni
University of North Carolina School of Law alumni
North Carolina lawyers

American judges
District attorneys in North Carolina

masks:
Wade Barber
Judge Barber
Elizabeth Barber
Barber
Judge Barber
Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber
Barber
Barber
Judge Barber
Judge Barber


title: Martin Bladen

texts:
Colonel <mask> (1680–1746) was a British politician who sat in the Irish House of Commons from 1713 to 1727 and in the British House of Commons from 1715 to 1746. He was a Commissioner of the Board of Trade and Plantations, a Privy Councillor in Ireland and Comptroller of the Mint. Family
<mask> was born in 1680 in Yorkshire and was the son of <mask> and Isabella Fairfax. His father was an attorney and Steward to Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds (Lord Danby), his mother was the daughter of Sir William Fairfax (soldier) of Steeton and was related to Lord Fairfax. <mask>'s older brother <mask> was Attorney-General in Maryland and briefly Secretary of that Province and his nephew Thomas Bladen was Governor of Maryland in the 1740s. <mask>'s sister Elizabeth was the mother of Admiral Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke. <mask> acted as guardian to Admiral Hawke and supported his career advancement in the navy.Military career
After initial education in Yorkshire, <mask> attended Westminster School where he was a Queen's Scholar at St Peter's College and then attended St John's College in Cambridge. He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1698 but did not pursue a legal career. He joined the military in December 1697 as Ensign to Captain Jos. Fletcher in Brigadier-General Thomas Fairfax's Regiment of Foot, Fairfax being his uncle. After an initial posting to Ireland, his regiment was deployed in Spain, Gibraltar and Portugal in Marlborough's service. When the Earl of Galway, Henri de Massue de Ruvigny arrived as the new Generalissimo of the British Army, he took Bladen as his aide-de-camp. Bladen was appointed Colonel in 1709 though within the year he had sold his colonelcy and retired from the military.Political career
He commenced his career in politics by winning seats in 1713. He was elected as a Member of Parliament for Kinsale in Cork, Ireland that year, though was defeated as MP for Saltash in Cornwall. In 1715 he won another Irish seat for Bandon but again lost a renewed attempt at Saltash, though succeeded in getting a seat in Stockbridge in Hampshire. He was MP for Maldon in Essex in 1734 and Portsmouth in 1741. In 1714 he secured a position as Comptroller of the Royal Mint and, throughout his time at the Mint, Isaac Newton was the head of that organisation. <mask> only left the Mint after the death of Newton many years later. This post was not full-time and allowed <mask> to pursue other appointments, and in 1715 (after declining Sir Robert Walpole's offer to be Envoy to Switzerland) he accepted a position in Ireland as Chief Secretary to his old military commander the Earl of Galway and Charles Fitzroy, 2nd Duke of Grafton who held joint Governorship.Bladen shared his role there with Charles Delafaye. In 1715 he was made a Privy Councillor in Ireland. In 1717 he was offered an appointment as Envoy Extraordinary to Spain to replace Mr Brett but declined it. Instead he was offered, and accepted, a post at the Board of Trade and Plantations and attended his first meeting on 19 July 1717 as Commissioner. <mask> was a Whig politician who consistently supported Robert Walpole throughout his tenure in office. In 1719 <mask>, along with Daniel Pulteney, was appointed by the Lord Justices to attend the Court of France to negotiate miscellaneous items outstanding from the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, such as limits of plantations in America and losses of the Hudson's Bay Company. Whilst there he met with the 9-year-old Louis XV, his regent Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Victor Marie d'Estrées, Duke of Estrées and Cardinal-Statesman Guillaume Dubois, when news came in that the French had captured the island of St Lucia.Bladen immediately raised the issue with his hosts who seemed initially unaware of the news. In 1721 Bladen produced a lengthy report on the status of the colonies in America which was along the lines of William Blathwayt's report of 1701 which sought revocation of proprietary charters, though he offered up the suggestion of the colonies being unified under a single military figurehead, a Captain-General, and suggested New York as a suitable geographical base – an idea first suggested by William Penn in his 1697 'Plan of Union'. Bladen was convinced that Britain’s power and ability to trade favourably with other countries was greatly enhanced by the income from her colonies and, for economic reasons, it was vital for the colonies to serve the mother country and the appearance of a unified Britain with her colonies would deter other European colonial powers from attempting encroachment. A final report on British Colonies in America was produced in 1739 "Reasons for Appointing a Captain General for the Continent of North America" which was more conciliatory in tone than previous ones where preservation of trade with the American colonies was considered more important than their 'subjection'. Bladen’s influence at the Board of Trade continued to grow through the 1730s and he attended a Conference at Antwerp to negotiate on tariffs. He also, in 1730, was present at the Board of Trade meeting when seven Indian Chiefs of the Cherokee Nation attended to ratify the 1730 British Cherokee Friendship Treaty. He was also instrumental in getting his nephew <mask>, later Governor of Maryland, into Parliament and the two consistently voted the same way on issues.Marriage and children
<mask> married Mary Gibbs c1699. She was the daughter of Colonel John Gibbs, one time Governor of North Carolina and her mother was Elizabeth Pride, who was a descendant and heiress of George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle. <mask> and <mask> had one daughter, Isabella, who married John Tinker. Tinker and Isabella had two sons. <mask> was brother-in-law to Nathaniel Rice, who was Secretary of the Royal Council of North Carolina and Acting Governor on two occasions. After Mary's death in 1724 <mask> married in 1727/8 to Frances Foche/Jory, heiress of Colonel Joseph Jory, Agent for Nevis, and owner of a plantation and several properties. Frances inherited Aldborough Hatch in Barking in Essex, upon which Bladen built a new house where the couple lived.Frances had several children from her previous marriage to John Foche but all died within her lifetime. In later life, <mask> was a Justice of the Peace and was largely responsible for driving highwayman Dick Turpin of the Gregory Gang out of Barking in Essex. <mask>'s town residence was a Georgian building at the south end of Hanover Square. He also owned the Barmoor Estate in Northumberland and leased the Prebendary Manor of Ketton in Rutland. His will made reference to a Porter family, who mostly predeceased him and may have been blood related, but their line died out by the 1750s. <mask> died in February 1746. Poetry, writings, and translations
Bladen translated from Latin in 1704 ‘C.Julius Caesar’s Commentaries of his Wars in Gaul, and Civil War with Pompey. To which is added Aulus Hirtius or Oppius’s Supplement of the Alexandrian, African and Spanish Wars With the Author’s Life.’  He dedicated this work to the Duke of Marlborough. He also wrote 'The History of the Last War in Spain: From 1702 to 1710. Wherein the Conduct of the British Ministry, the Allies, and the Generals in that Service are Fully Defended'. He also produced other works of poetry. References

Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Whig (British political party) MPs
1680 births
1746 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
Chief Secretaries for Ireland
Members of Parliament for Maldon
Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England

masks:
Martin Bladen
Martin
Nathaniel Bladen
Martin
William Bladen
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Bladen
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Thomas Bladen
Martin
Martin
Mary Bladen
Martin
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Martin
Martin
Martin


title: Michelle Cliff

texts:
<mask> (2 November 1946 – 12 June 2016) was a Jamaican-American author whose notable works included Abeng  (1985), No Telephone to Heaven (1987), and Free Enterprise (2004). In addition to novels, <mask> also wrote short stories, prose poems and works of literary criticism. Her works explore the various complex identity problems that stem from the experience of post-colonialism, as well as the difficulty of establishing an authentic individual identity in the face of race and gender constructs. A historical revisionist, many of <mask>'s works seek to advance an alternative view of history against established mainstream narratives. She often referenced her writing as an act of defiance—a way to reclaim a voice and build a narrative in order to speak out against the unspeakable by tackling issues of sex and race. Identifying as biracial and bisexual, <mask>, who had both Jamaican and American citizenship, used her voice to create a body of work filled with prose poetry, novels, and short stories. Her writings were enriched by the power, privilege and pain of her multi-locatedness to creatively reimagine Caribbean identity.Biography
<mask> was born in Kingston, Jamaica, in 1946 and moved with her family to New York City three years later. She moved back to Jamaica in 1956 and attended St Andrew High School for Girls, where she kept a diary and began writing, before returning to New York City in 1960. She was educated at Wagner College (New York) where she graduated with a B.A. in European History and the Warburg Institute at the University of London where she did post graduate work in Renaissance studies, focusing specifically on the Italian Renaissance. She has held academic positions at several colleges including Trinity College and Emory University. From 1999, <mask> lived in Santa Cruz, California, with her partner, the American poet Adrienne Rich. The two had been partners since 1976; Rich died in 2012.<mask> died of liver failure on 12 June 2016. Career and works
Her first published work came in the form of the book Claiming an Identity They Taught Me to Despise, which covered the many ways <mask> herself experienced racism and prejudice. Having found fellowship and community with African American and Latina feminists, <mask>'s work thrived and contributed to enabling other voices to be heard. <mask> was a contributor to the 1983 Black feminist anthology Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology. In 1984, <mask> published Abeng, a semi autobiographical novel that explores topics of female sexual subjectivity and Jamaican identity. Next came The Land of Look Behind: Prose and Poetry (1985), which uses the Jamaican folk world, its landscape and culture to examine identity. <mask>'s second novel, No Telephone to Heaven, was published in 1987.At the heart of this novel, which continues the story of Clare Savage from her first novel, Abeng, she explores the need to reclaim a suppressed African past. Her works were also anthologized in a collection edited by Barbara Smith and Gloria Anzaldúa for Making Face, Making Soul: Creative and Critical Writing by Feminists of Color (1990). From 1990 on, <mask>'s work is seen as having taken a more global focus, especially with her first collection of short stories, Bodies of Water. In 1993 she published her third novel, Free Enterprise, and in 1998 she published another collection of short stories, The Store of a Million Items. Both works continue her pursuit of readdressing historical injustices. She continued to work throughout the 2000s, releasing several collections of essays and short stories including If I Could Write This Fire (2008) and Everything Is Now: New and Collected Short Stories (2009). Her final novel, Into The Interior, was published in 2010.By 2015, <mask> took part in many literary projects, including translating into English the works of several writers, poets and creatives such as Argentinean poet Alfonsina Stonri; Spanish poet and dramatist, Federico García Lorca and Italian poet, film director and philosopher Pier Paolo Pasolini. Fiction
 2010: Into the Interior (University of Minnesota Press). Novel
 2009: Everything is Now: New and Collected Stories (University of Minnesota Press). Short stories
 2004: Free Enterprise: A Novel of Mary Ellen Pleasant (City Lights Publishers). Novel
 1998: The Store of a Million Items (New York: Houghton Mifflin Company). Short stories
 1993: Free Enterprise: A Novel of Mary Ellen Pleasant (New York: Dutton). Novel
 1990: Bodies of Water (New York: Dutton).Short stories
 1987: No Telephone to Heaven (New York: Dutton). Novel (sequel to Abeng)
 1984: Abeng (New York: Penguin). Novel

Prose poetry
 1985: The Land of Look Behind and Claiming (Firebrand Books). 1980: Claiming an Identity They Taught Me to Despise (Persephone Press). Editor
 1982: Lillian Smith, The Winner Names the Age: A Collection of Writings (New York: Norton). Other
 2008: If I Could Write This in Fire. University of Minnesota Press.Non-fiction collection. 1982: "If I Could Write This in Fire I Would Write This in Fire", in Barbara Smith (ed. ), Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology (New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press). 1994: "History as Fiction, Fiction as History", Ploughshares, Fall 1994; 20(2–3): 196–202. 1990: "Object into Subject: Some Thoughts on the Work of Black Women's Artists," in Gloria Anzaldúa (ed. ), Making Face, Making Soul/Haciendo Caras: Creative and Critical Perspectives by Women of Color (San Francisco: Aunt Lute), pp. 271–290.Feminism
In 1981, <mask> became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press. Further reading
 Curry, Ginette. "Toubab La! ": Literary Representations of Mixed-race Characters in the African Diaspora. Newcastle, England: Cambridge Scholars Pub., 2007. Cartelli, Thomas (1995), "After the Tempest: Shakespeare, Postcoloniality, and <mask>'s New, New World Miranda," Contemporary Literature 36(1): 82–102. Edmondson, Belinda (1993), "Race, Writing, and the Politics of (Re)Writing History: An Analysis of the Novels of <mask>," Callaloo 16(1): 180–191.Lima, Maria Helena (1993), "Revolutionary Developments: <mask>'s No Telephone to Heaven and Merle Collins's Angel," Ariel 24(1): 35–56. Lionnet, Francoise (1992), "Of Mangoes and Maroons: Language, History, and the Multicultural Subject of <mask>'s Abeng," in Sidonie Smith and Julia Watson (eds), De/Colonizing the Subject: The Politics of Gender in Women's Autobiography, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 321–345.
.
Raiskin, Judith (1994), "Inverts and Hybrids: Lesbian Rewritings of Sexual and Racial Identities," in Laura Doan, ed. The Lesbian Postmodern, New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 156–172. Raiskin, Judith (1993), "The Art of History: An Interview with <mask>," Kenyon Review 15(1): 57–71. Schwartz, Meryl F. (1993), "An Interview with <mask>," Contemporary Literature 34(4): 595–619.References

External links
 Bio at Emory University

1946 births
2016 deaths
20th-century American novelists
Lesbian feminists
American lesbian writers
Jamaican feminists
Jamaican women novelists
LGBT writers from Jamaica
African-American feminists
American feminists
Wagner College alumni
Alumni of the Warburg Institute
Trinity College (Connecticut) faculty
Emory University faculty
Jamaican emigrants to the United States
American women short story writers
American women novelists
American LGBT novelists
African-American women writers
20th-century American women writers
African-American short story writers
Deaths from liver failure
20th-century American short story writers
African-American novelists
20th-century Jamaican novelists
21st-century Jamaican novelists
Novelists from Connecticut
Novelists from Georgia (U.S. state)
21st-century American women writers
American women academics
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American writers

masks:
Michelle Carla Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
Cliff
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Cliff
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Michelle Cliff
Michelle Cliff
Michelle Cliff
Michelle Cliff
Michelle Cliff
Michelle Cliff


title: Lee Chatfield

texts:
<mask> (born May 25, 1988) is an American politician and a Republican former member of the Michigan House of Representatives. He was first elected from the 107th House district in 2015. He was speaker pro tempore from 2017 to 2019, and speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives from 2019 to 2021. Education and career before politics
<mask> received a bachelor's degree from Northland International University, a Baptist college in Wisconsin, and a master's degree from Liberty University in Virginia. Before his election to the state House in 2014, he worked at a Christian school in northern Michigan operated by his father, a minister. <mask> was a teacher, coach and athletic director at the school. Michigan House of Representatives

<mask> was first elected to the Michigan House of Representatives in 2014, after defeating a Republican incumbent, Frank Foster, in the primary election.<mask> criticized Foster for supporting Medicaid expansion and for supporting an extension of Michigan's Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act to prohibit discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in housing and employment. <mask> took office in 2015. He was re-elected to the state Legislature in 2016 with 67 percent of the vote, and in 2018, with over 58 percent of the vote. Speakership
<mask> was speaker of the state House from 2019 to 2020. Elected at age 30; he was believed to be the youngest House speaker in recent memory. During <mask>'s tenure as speaker of the House, Michigan had divided government, with both chambers of the legislature controlled by Republicans, but with a Democratic governor (Gretchen Whitmer). <mask> and the Senate Majority Leader Mike Shirkey both repeatedly clashed with Whitmer over issues such as the state budget, road funding, auto insurance legislation, and criminal justice legislation.As speaker, <mask> presided over the passage of a bipartisan auto insurance bill that allowed motorists to chose their level of personal injury protection coverage. However, proposed road infrastructure improvements became mired in deadlock, with <mask> rejecting a proposal by Whitmer to fund road repairs by raising the gas tax by 45 cents. Negotiations for long-term road funding broke down, and Legislature passed a bill without support from Whitmer's administration. Whitmer signed the bill, but with 147 line-item vetoes plus several administrative transfers. <mask> and Shirkey both opposed Whitmer's actions to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, although some compromises were reached between the legislature and the Whitmer administration. Controversies

Firearms security violation
In 2018, <mask> attempted to bring a loaded, unregistered handgun onto a commercial flight at Pellston Regional Airport. He was fined $250 for failure to register his handgun, which he had purchased in December 2015.He also paid a $1,960 fine from the Transportation Security Administration. Chatfield had previously introduced a bill in the Michigan House of Representatives to make handgun registration voluntary. Role in 2020 presidential election
Chatfield was a strong supporter of President Donald Trump. <mask>, along with Michigan Senate Majority Leader Mike Shirkey, met with Trump on November 20, 2020, as Trump and his campaign attempted to overturn the results of the presidential election, in which Trump was defeated by Joe Biden (both nationally and in Michigan). Paul Mitchell, the U.S. representative for Michigan's 10th congressional district, said that the purpose of the meeting may have been to discuss the appointment of pro-Trump electors to the U.S. Electoral College. Despite pressure from Trump, Chatfield ultimately declined to support passage of a Michigan Legislation to pass a resolution purporting to retroactively change Michigan's slate of electors for Trump, saying that such a move "would bring mutually assured destruction for every future election in regards to the Electoral College" and "we would lose our country forever."Allegations of sexual assault
On January 6, 2022, The Detroit News reported Michigan State Police were investigating <mask> over allegations that he sexually abused a girl who would later become his sister in law for 12 years, beginning in 2009 when she was between 14 and 15 years old and continuing until 2021. The sexual abuse is alleged to have begun when she was attending Chatfield's church, Northern Michigan Baptist Bible Church, and continued while she was a student at the school associated with the church. In February 2022, state police raided the home of Chatfield's former top staff members. <mask>'s successor, House Speaker Jason Wentworth, has ordered all members to preserve records dealing with the conduct of <mask>. Post legislative career
Due to term limits, <mask> was ineligible to run for another term in the Michigan House of Representatives. In mid-February 2021, after leaving office, <mask> was appointed as the new CEO of Southwest Michigan First, a privately funded economic development organization covering the seven counties of southwest Michigan (Berrien, Branch, Calhoun, Cass, Kalamazoo, St. Joseph and Van Buren). <mask>'s hiring caused a backlash due to Chatfield's past stances in opposition to LGBTQ rights.Various groups including the City of Kalamazoo and the Kalamazoo Promise, pulled support from Southwest Michigan First. Following the backlash from his hiring, Southwest Michigan First and Chatfield stated that they would support expanding the state's civil rights act (the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act) to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, a stance that the Southwest Michigan First board had voted in 2017 to support. During his tenure in the Michigan House, Chatfield had opposed such an expansion, which he viewed as an infringement on religious freedom. A few days after beginning his new job, Chatfield resigned, citing the controversy. Personal life
<mask> married his high school sweetheart, Stephanie (Zondervan), and they have four sons and one daughter. References

External links
  (Michigan House Republicans)

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1988 births
21st-century American politicians
Liberty University alumni
Living people
Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Michigan Republicans
People from Emmet County, Michigan
Speakers of the Michigan House of Representatives

masks:
Lee Roberson Chatfield
Chatfield
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Lee