title: Derek Meddings

texts:
<mask> (15 January 1931 – 10 September 1995) was a British film and television special effects designer. He was initially noted for his work on the "Supermarionation" TV puppet series produced by Gerry Anderson, and later for the 1970s and 1980s James Bond and Superman film series. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in St Pancras, London, England. Both Meddings' parents had worked in the British film industry: his father as a carpenter at Denham Studios and his mother as producer Alex Korda's secretary and actress Merle Oberon's stand-in. Meddings went to art school and, in the late 1940s, also found work at Denham Studios, lettering credit titles. It was there that he met effects designer Les Bowie and joined his matte painting department. During the 1950s, Meddings' work with Bowie included the creation of Transylvanian landscapes for Hammer Films and a "string and cardboard" invention that proved useful when Meddings was hired for Gerry Anderson's earliest TV puppet series.In 1953, he married Anne S. Dodge (born 1935). In 1972, Meddings married Alexe Anne Inglis (born 18 May 1954). Gerry Anderson productions
Meddings' first work with Anderson was as an uncredited art assistant on Anderson's second puppet series, Torchy the Battery Boy, produced in 1957. In 1960, he painted cut-out backgrounds of ranch houses and picket fences for Four Feather Falls. He was credited with the special effects in Anderson's 1960 and 1962 series Supercar and Fireball XL5, being elevated to special effects director for Stingray (1964) for which he and Reg Hill designed the main models. Meddings became special effects supervisor for Thunderbirds (1965–66), during which time he was responsible for the design of the Thunderbird machines themselves. He was visual effects supervisor for all the Anderson puppet series of the late 1960s (Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons, Joe 90 and The Secret Service) and also Anderson's first live-action series, UFO, at the start of the 1970s.He performed the same role on Anderson's three 1960s feature films, Thunderbirds Are Go (1966), Thunderbird 6 (1968) and the live-action Doppelgänger (1969; also known as Journey to the Far Side of the Sun). During his time working on these series, Meddings and his team developed a number of innovations in the filming of miniature models and landscapes which have since become standard in the industry. James Bond films
In the 1970s Meddings furthered his career by working on the special effects for the James Bond films. He first impressed producer Cubby Broccoli with some miniature effects that he had created for Live and Let Die (1973). Once Broccoli realised the economic advantages of building detailed models instead of expensive full-sized constructions, Meddings was encouraged to come up with design concepts for the next film in the series, The Man with the Golden Gun (1974). After this, he was contacted by Pink Floyd, and <mask> handled all the pyrotechnics on the Pink Floyd shows in 1975. He returned to the James Bond films in 1977 with The Spy Who Loved Me.Among other tasks, Meddings spent four months on location in the Bahamas, where he supervised the construction of a "miniature" supertanker more than  long and three "miniature" nuclear submarines for exterior sequences filmed at sea. He also designed and built the Lotus Esprit car which converted into a submersible, cleverly intercutting full-sized body shells with one-quarter-scale miniatures. For Moonraker (1979), Meddings created and photographed miniatures of Drax's space shuttles and space station and also realised the final space battle. Due to the film's tight schedule, Meddings was unable to use optical compositing (which is a lengthy process due to the extensive film processing involved) to combine the different elements for the space sequences. Instead, they were combined in-camera using multiple passes of the same piece of film. Film would sometimes be exposed as many as 90 times to capture the dozens of separately photographed elements. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Visual Effects.Meddings was Visual Effects Supervisor on For Your Eyes Only (1981). The ship's explosion was done with a miniature at Pinewood Studios in the tank on the 007 Stage. For GoldenEye (1995), Meddings again created miniatures. This includes a train crash and a jet fighter crash. The climatic destruction of a gigantic satellite dish used a model built by Meddings' team, intercut with scenes shot with stuntmen in Britain. Other work
In 1975, Meddings created cost-effective model monsters which could be photographed in the same frame as the actors in the prehistoric adventure film The Land That Time Forgot. On Superman (1978), his work included building a  miniature of the Golden Gate Bridge to be destroyed in an earthquake, complete with a colliding scale school bus and cars, while Superman (suspended on wires) flew in to the rescue.He also built and photographed the Krypton miniatures in addition to a large-scale model of the Hoover Dam. Due to the film's schedule overruns and Meddings' own commitments to the James Bond series, he was unable to complete the dam flooding sequence and the production hired a California-based company to complete the sequence – resulting in some visibly inferior miniature work in the latter part of the film. Meddings believed that he was asked to supervise the effects for Batman (1989) because director Tim Burton was a fan of his work on Thunderbirds. Meddings set up his own visual effects company, The Magic Camera Company, based at Lee International Studios in Shepperton. For The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter (1990), he established another company in Germany. He appeared once as an actor, in the role of Dr Stinson in Spies Like Us (1985). Death
At the time of his death from colorectal cancer in 1995, Meddings was engaged in post-production on the latest James Bond film, GoldenEye, on which his sons Mark and Elliott James (born May 1973) also worked.A dedication in the credits of the completed films reads "To the memory of <mask>s". Meddings is known to have had two other sons: Nicholas Alexander (born July 1980) and Noah Luscombe (born August 1978). He also had at least one daughter: Chloe Loveday (born 1982). Awards
In 1979, for his work on Superman (1978), Meddings was awarded a shared Special Achievement Award for special effects by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, and shared the Michael Balcon Award of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). He was also nominated for the 1980 Academy Award for Best Visual Effects for his work on Moonraker (1979), for the 1990 BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects for Batman (1989), and posthumously for a 1996 BAFTA Award for Best Achievement (in special effects) for GoldenEye (1995). Filmography

Visual Effects

Fireball XL5 (1962)
Stingray (1963)
Thunderbirds (1965)
Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons (1967)
Joe 90 (1968)
The Secret Service (1969)
UFO (1970)
Thunderbirds Are Go (1966)
Thunderbird 6 (1968)
Doppelgänger (aka Journey to the Far Side of the Sun; 1969)
Z.P.G. (1972)
Fear Is the Key (1972)
Live and Let Die (1973)
The Man with the Golden Gun (1974)
The Land That Time Forgot (1975)
Shout at the Devil (1976)
Aces High (1976)
The Spy Who Loved Me (1977)
Superman: The Movie (1978)
Moonraker (1979)
Superman II (1980)
For Your Eyes Only (1981)
Krull (1983)
Banzaï (1983)
Superman III (1983)
Supergirl  (1984)
Spies Like Us (1985)
Santa Claus: The Movie (1985)
Mio min Mio (1987)
High Spirits (1988)
Apprentice to Murder (1988)
Batman (1989)
The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter (1991)
Hudson Hawk (1991)
Cape Fear (1991)
The NeverEnding Story III (1994)
GoldenEye (1995)

Actor
Spies Like Us (1985) - Dr. Stinson

References

External links

Derek Meddings: 21st-Century Visions – 1995 biography with emphasis on Meddings' work on the Supermarionation TV series

1931 births
1995 deaths
Special Achievement Academy Award winners
BAFTA winners (people)
British film designers
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Miniature model-makers
People from Cookham
Businesspeople from London
Special effects people
20th-century English businesspeople

masks:
Derek Meddings
Derek Meddings
Meddings
Derek Medding


title: Timothy M. Kennedy (politician)

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> (born October 20, 1976) is an American politician from New York. He is currently a Democratic member of the New York State Senate, representing the 63rd District since January 2013. He previously represented the 58th District from 2011 to 2013. Early life and education
<mask> was raised in South Buffalo, one of five children of <mask>. and <mask>. His father worked as Buffalo's commissioner of assessment and taxation, and his mother is a retired nurse who teaches nursing at D'Youville College. He received his early education at St. Martin's Elementary School, and attended the St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute. He earned a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in occupational therapy from D'Youville College.Career

Erie County Legislature

In late 2004, at the age of 28, <mask> was appointed to the Erie County Legislature, representing the 2nd District, after <mask>. F. Schroeder was elected to the State Assembly. In 2005, <mask> defeated Democratic primary opponent Paul Sullivan by a vote of 65% to 35%. He won 72% of the vote in the general election against his Republican opponent, Julieanne <mask>. In 2007, <mask> ran unopposed for a second full term to the Erie County Legislature. New York State Senate

Elections
In 2010, <mask> challenged incumbent William Stachowski for the Democratic nomination for the 58th District in the New York State Senate. <mask> also earned the endorsement of the Conservative Party, which had previously supported Stachowski. Stachowski was one of eight Democratic state senators who had voted against a bill allowing same-sex marriage in New York, while <mask> supported it, earning him the backing of gay rights organizations in the primary.<mask> ultimately defeated Stachowski by a margin of 63%-26%. amid a wave of anti-incumbent voter sentiment. Stachowski remained on the ballot on the Independence Party and Working Families Party lines. In the 2010 general election, <mask> defeated Republican Assemblyman Jack Quinn III, gaining 47% of the vote to Quinn's 45%. The remaining votes went to Stachowski. Seeking reelection in 2012, <mask> won a primary challenge from Democrat Betty Jean Grant, prevailing by 139 votes. The closeness of the election prompted a protracted court battle heard by Justice Joseph R. Glownia of the State Supreme Court.<mask> ran uncontested in the November 2012 general election and was re-elected. In 2014, <mask> defeated Grant in a Democratic primary rematch, receiving 16,660 votes (60.2%) to Grant's 10,997 votes (39.8%). The race received much attention, with campaign spending by the candidates and outside groups surpassing $1 million. <mask> received the backing of the New York State United Teachers and realtors, while Grant received the Erie County Democratic Committee endorsement and help from the Independent Democratic Conference, a breakaway group of state Senate Democrats who sided with Republicans in the Senate. <mask>'s base of support was South Buffalo, Lackawanna, and Cheektowaga, while Grant's base of support was Buffalo's East Side. In the November 2014 general election, <mask> (who ran on the Democratic, Working Families, and Independence ballot lines) defeated Ricky T. Donovan, Sr. (who ran on the Republican and Conservative ballot lines). Out of 59,094 total votes, <mask> received 42,278 (71.5%), while Donovan received 11,973 (20.3%).In the 2016 general election, <mask> ran unopposed on the Democratic, Working Families, Independence, and Women's Equality ballot lines and received 89,650 votes. In 2018, <mask> defeated Shaqurah Zachery in a Democratic primary, winning 23,640 (76.6%) of the vote. He ran unopposed in the general election. Tenure
In 2011, <mask> voted in favor of the Marriage Equality Act, which legalized same-sex marriage in New York. <mask> lost the support of the Conservative Party in 2012 following his vote on the marriage issue. Also in 2011, <mask> authored Jay-J's Law, which sought to stiffen penalties for repeat child abusers by increasing the look back period in which someone can be charged with aggravated assault. The bill was named after Jay-J Bolvin, a young boy who suffered 11 fractured bones, a severe seizure disorder and developmental delays as a result of a severe beating from his father, who had previously been convicted of assaulting one of his other sons.The bill was passed by the legislature and later signed into law by Governor Andrew Cuomo in July 2013. In 2012, <mask> introduced a package of four bills to combat the opioid epidemic in New York. One of the bills would create a prescription-monitoring system for physicians and pharmacists to track the prescription of narcotic painkillers. This proposal was made by New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman. <mask> was known as a "solid pro-life vote" during his early political career. In 2013, <mask> cast a procedural vote for the tenth point of Gov. Andrew Cuomo's Women's Equality Act, which would have expanded abortion rights in New York.In February 2014, <mask> acknowledged that his position on abortion had "evolved" and that he supported the tenth point of the Women's Equality Act; he added, "'I believe at the end of the day that a woman has to be able to make a decision upon her health, her life and her family that is in her best interests and their best interests'". Pro-choice groups praised his shift on the issue, while Bishop <mask> of the Buffalo diocese of the Roman Catholic Church criticized him for it. In 2019, <mask> voted in favor of the Reproductive Health Act, which was described by The Buffalo News as "the most sweeping set of protections to the state’s abortion laws in 49 years". In 2013, <mask> co-sponsored legislation to increase the state minimum wage to $9 an hour, and automatically adjust the minimum wage to account for cost-of-living increases. In May 2013, <mask> introduced a Jackie's Law into the Senate, which was prompted by the death of West Seneca woman Jackie Wisniewski, who was killed after being stalked by a former boyfriend using a GPS tracking device on her car. <mask>'s bill updated New York's stalking statutes by allowing police to pursue criminal charges against those who use electronic tracking devices to stalk victims. Assemblywoman Crystal Peoples-Stokes sponsored companion legislation in the Assembly.Governor Andrew Cuomo signed the bill into law in July 2014. In 2014, <mask> introduced legislation that would limit the state's legal immunity for claims for damages. The legislation would specifically amend Section 58 of the State Highway Law, which immunizes the state from "liability for damages arising from defects in its highways" during cold-weather months. The bill proposed by <mask> "would allow motorists to seek damages from the state for 'egregious or unreasonable' defects year-round or when it was given prior notice of a defect." State Assemblyman Thomas J. Abinanti filed companion legislation in the State Assembly. <mask> was a supporter of the legalization of mixed martial arts (MMA) in New York, which at the time was the only U.S. state to bar MMA events. <mask> argued that MMA could economically benefit Western New York, with events at First Niagara Center in Buffalo benefiting local businesses.The legal status of MMA had been a state political issue for years; the state Senate passed legalization legislation seven times over six years, but the bills were not taken up by the State Assembly. <mask> expressed disappointment at the failure to pass the legislation in 2015, and welcomed passage of MMA legislation in 2016. In 2017, <mask> supported legalizing vehicle for hire companies in all areas of New York State. When the Democratic Party won the majority in the State Senate in 2018, <mask> was appointed chair of the New York State Senate Transportation, Infrastructure, and Capital Investment Committee. He also serves on the Finance, Rules, Energy & Telecommunications, Insurance, Banks, and Social Services Committees. In his first year chairing of the Senate Transportation Committee, <mask> secured $100 million for the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) Buffalo Metro Rail System. <mask> was one of the main players in getting a new Amtrak Buffalo–Exchange Street station built.2020 presidential election
In the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary, <mask> received the most votes (43,127) as a delegate for Joe Biden to the 2020 Democratic National Convention for the 26th Congressional District. References

1976 births
Living people
New York (state) Democrats
Politicians from Buffalo, New York
New York (state) state senators
D'Youville College alumni
21st-century American politicians
St. Joseph's Collegiate Institute alumni

masks:
Timothy M
. Kennedy
Kennedy
Martin F
Mary Kennedy
Kennedy
Mark J
Kennedy
Mazurkwicz
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
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Kennedy
Richard Malone
Kennedy
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Kennedy


title: Sam Savitt

texts:
<mask> (March 22, 1917 – December 25, 2000) was an equine artist, author, and teacher, as well as an illustrator of over 130 books, in addition to his own. He was designated the official illustrator of the United States Equestrian Team, and was a founding member of the American Academy of Equine Art. He created several horse charts that are considered authoritative works and have been used by the Smithsonian Institution. Early life
<mask> was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania in 1917. He graduated from Pratt Institute in 1939, and was a veteran of the Second World War, where he held the rank of First Lieutenant. He was further educated at the New School, in sculpting, as well as the Art Students League of New York in visual arts. Savitt was also an active equestrian, and relocated to North Salem, New York in 1956.Career
The New York Times said of his 1956 book Step-a-Bit: The Story of a Foal, that Savitt's drawings had "great charm and spontaneity". That year Savitt was named the official artist of the United States Equestrian Team. Then his book Midnight, Champion Bucking Horse won the Boys Club of America junior book award in 1958. In 1950, he illustrated the seminal book on English equestrianism, Learning to Ride, Hunt, and Show by Gordon Wright. His paintings have been used in the posters for races like the Kentucky Derby and the National Horse Show. His work went to galleries and commercial accounts, and he painted portraits of people such as William Randolph Hearst Jr. and Raymond Firestone. It was at times considered a mark of greatness for a race horse to have been illustrated and published by Savitt.He has also created paintings of horses participating in competitive polo. In addition, his subjects included fox hunting, rodeo, steeple-chasing and show jumping. His 1981 book Draw Horses with <mask>tt is considered to be a seminal book in equine portraiture. As a writer he wrote sixteen books and co-authored two. In addition, he illustrated more than 130 books by other authors. He worked as a cover artist for Dell Books. His comic book work included stories written about Gene Autry, Roy Rogers, The Lone Ranger, The Cisco Kid, and Ben-Hur.His work appeared in magazines that included Equus, The Chronicle of the Horse, Equine Images, Arizona Highways, Boys’ Life, and Sports Illustrated. In 1998 Savitt was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the North American Horseman’s Association. The association had previously awarded him the title of Equine Artist of Distinction. Equus Magazine included him in their list of the world’s most influential horsemen of the 20th century. Savitt is the cofounder of the American Academy of Equine Art, with Henry Koehler, Marilyn Newmark, and June Harrah. With his wife, Bette, he opened Black Horse Press in 1963, which sold his charts and reproductions of his pieces. His works have been used as the illustrative basis of home furnishings and décor by various companies.Later life and death
Savitt died at the age of 83, in 2000. Braun, ed. (1965)
 Big Jump for Robin by Suzanne Wilding (1965)
 Christy finds a rider by Elizabeth Harrover Johnson (1965)
 Dave and his dog, Mulligan by Jim Kjelgaard (1966)
 About Horses by Luther Dexter (1968)
 The golden book of horses by George McMillan (1968)
 Ride, gaucho by Bruce Grant (1969)
 Sky rocket; the story of a little bay horse by Margaret Cabell Self (1970)
 Wild animal rescue! by Bryan O'Donoghue (1971)
 How to bring up your pet dog; choosing, understanding, training, protecting, enjoying by Kurt Unkelbach (1972)
 Hundred Horse Farm by Blanche Chenery Perrin (1973)
 Summer Pony by Jean Slaughter Doty (1973)
 A boy and a pig, but mostly horses by Sherman Kent (1974)
 The Gallant Gray Trotter by John T. Foster (1974)
 Backyard pony: selecting and owning a horse by Frederick L. Devereux (1975)
 How to take care of your horse until the vet comes: a horse health and first aid guide by Herb Marlin (1975)
 Horse tales by Suzanne Wilding, ed. (1976)
 The tale of the horse by Walter L. Field (1977)
 Pluto: brave Lipizzaner stallion by Anne Colver (1978)
 Springfellow by Robert Kraus (1978)
 How to teach an old dog new tricks: retraining the secondhand dog by Kurt Unkelbach (1979)
 My Mane Catches the Wind, poems about horses (1979)
 Hiboy: Young Devil Horse by Justin F. Denzel (1980)

References

External links

1917 births
2000 deaths
American children's book illustrators
American children's writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
People from North Salem, New York
Pratt Institute alumni
The New School alumni
Art Students League of New York alumni
20th-century American painters

masks:
Sam Savitt
Sam Savitt
Sam Savi


title: Beatrice Medicine

texts:
<mask> (August 1, 1923 - December 19, 2005) (Sihasapa and Minneconjou Lakota) (Lakota name Hinsha Waste Agli Win – "Returns Victorious with a Red Horse Woman") was a scholar, anthropologist, and educator known for her work in the fields of Indigenous languages, cultures, and history. <mask> spent much of her life researching, teaching, and serving Native communities, primarily in the fields of bilingual education, addiction and recovery, mental health, tribal identity, and women's, children's, and LGBT community issues. Early life
<mask> was born on the Standing Rock Reservation in Wakpala, South Dakota on the 1st of August, 1923. Education
Medicine received her BA in anthropology at South Dakota State University in 1945, and her MA in both Sociology and Anthropology from Michigan State University in 1954. She completed her Ph.D in 1983 at the University of Wisconsin. Career
Medicine studied the human behaviors involved in racism and linguistic discrimination, in both academia and social anthropology. Much of her work focused on the resurgence, survivance, and expansion of Indigenous languages and culture.<mask> was known internationally for her work with students and faculty, and over her 50 year career at campuses including Santo Domingo Pueblo Agency School, Flandreau Indian School, the University of British Columbia, Stanford University, Dartmouth College, Mount Royal College (now Mount Royal University), San Francisco State University, the University of Washington, the University of Montana and the University of South Dakota. She retired as Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at California State University, Northridge. In her book, Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining Native, <mask> playfully attributed her multi-institutional career as a result of embracing the traditional roots of the Lakota: "as far as moving so often is concerned, I jokingly refer to the former nomadism of my people". Her lifelong commitment as a scholar and educator resulted in numerous publications, speeches, lectures, and studies, for many which <mask> received honourable accolades and awards recognizing her pursuits for equity in human rights. <mask> was actively involved in civil rights struggles in the Indigenous communities of Seattle, Vancouver, and Calgary. In 1974 <mask> testified alongside Vine Deloria Jr. as an expert witness in the federal case brought against those involved in the Wounded Knee incident. In 1984, <mask> was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board, a nonprofit organization built with the intent on "holding power accountable".In 1993-94 <mask> took a stand for her beliefs and respect for the role of women in Indigenous cultures by accepting a position in the Women's Branch of Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, seeing this as acting as a voice for the people to fight for the legal rights of Indigenous families. <mask>'s commitment to social action did not end when she retired from her career as a teacher and scholar in the early 1990s. Upon returning to her home on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation in South Dakota she assisted in the efforts to build a new public school for the community. She also sat on the Pardon Board and the Wakpala-Smee School District School board. Death
<mask> died during an emergency surgery on 19 December 2005, in Bismarck, North Dakota. In accordance with her wishes there was no funeral service. Her family requested that, rather than collect flowers for a gravesite, friends and family instead donate to the American Indian College Fund in Denver, Colorado.<mask> is survived by her sister Grace V Yardley, her son Ted Sitting Crow Garner, and her adopted daughter JoAllyn Archambault who is also an anthropologist. Legacy
In 2006 AltaMira Press published Drinking and Sobriety Among the Lakota Sioux, a work they had been producing with Medicine in the days prior to her passing. This work examines the role of harmful Stereotypes of indigenous peoples of Canada and the United States in relation to alcoholism which <mask> originally presented in her 1969 article "The Changing Dakota Family and the Stresses Therein," in The Pine Ridge Research Journal. In honour of <mask> and her lifelong dedication to education,  The Society for Applied Anthropology (SfAA) created the Bea Medicine Award, a scholarship travel grant of $500, awarded to up to four students who are either completing their undergraduate or graduate studies, to assist in attending the Annual Meeting of the SfAA. Her papers are archived in the National Anthropological Archives at the Smithsonian Institution. Awards
 (1991) Distinguished Service Award from the American Anthropological Association. (1996) Bronislaw Malinowski Award from the Society for Applied Anthropology.(2005) George and Louise Spindler Award for Education in Anthropology from the American Anthropological Association. Ohana Award from the American Counseling Association]. Outstanding Woman of Color Award from the National Institute of Women of Color. Honoring Our Allies Award from the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. Published work

Collaborative works
 (1973). "The Native American" in Don Speigel and Patricia Keith-Speigel eds. The Outsiders.New York: Rinehart and Winston Holt. (1976) "The Schooling Process: Some Lakota (Sioux) Views" in Craig J. Calhoun and Francis A. Janni eds. The Anthropological Study of Education. The Hague: Mouton. (1983). "Warrior Women." The Hidden Half: Studies of Plains Indian Women.Patricia C. Alberts, ed.  .
 (1987). "My Elders Tell Me" in J.Barman, Y. Hebert and D.McCaskill eds. Indian Education in Canada, vol 2. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. (1987). "Indian Women and the Renaissance of Traditional Religion" in Raymond J. DeMallie and Douglas R. Parks eds. pp.159–171. Sioux Indian Religion, Tradition and Innovation. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. (1987). "The Role of American Indian Women in Cultural Continuity and Transition" in J. Penfield ed. Women and Language in Transition. Albany: SUNY Press.(1988). "Ella Cara Deloria" in Ute Gacs, Aisha Khan, Jerry McIntyre and Ruth Weinberg eds. pp. 45–50. Women Anthropologists: a Biographical Dictionary. New York: Greenwood Press. (1997)."Changing Native American Roles in an Urban Context and Changing Native American Sex Roles in an Urban Context" in Sue-Ellen Jacobs, Wesley Thomas and Sabine Lang eds. Two-Spirit People: Native American Gender Identity, Sexuality, and Spirituality. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (1997). "Lakota Star Quilts: Commodity, Ceremony and Economic Development" in Marsha L. MacDowell and C. Kurt Dedwhurst eds. To Honor and Comfort: Native American Quilting Traditions. Museum of New Mexico Press and Michigan State University Museum.(1999). "Ella Cara Deloria: Early Lakota Ethnologist (Newly Discovered Novelist)" in R. Darnell and L. Valentine eds. The Americanist Tradition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Articles and journals

 (1969) "The Changing Dakota Family and the Stresses Therein." Pine Ridge Research Bulletin, No. 9, pp.13–23. (1971). "The Anthropologist and American Indian Studies Programs." Indian Historian, No. 4, pp. 15–18. (1971)."Anthropology as the Indian's Image Maker." Indian Historian, Vol. 4, No.3, pp. 27–29. (1973). "Finders Keepers?" Museum News, No.51, pp. 20–26. (1975). "Self-Direction in Sioux Education." Integrateducation, No. 78, pp. 15–17.(1976). "Oral History as Truth: Validity in recent Court Cases Involving Native Americans." Folklore Forum, Bibliographic and Special Series, Vol. 9, No. 15, pp. 1–5. (1978)."Higher Education: a New Arena for Native Americans." Thresholds in Education, No. 4, pp. 22–25. (1980). "Ella Cara Deloria, the Emic Voice." Melus (Multi-Ethnic Literature in the U.S.), Vol.7, No. 4, pp. 23–30. (1980). "American Indian Women: Mental Health Issues which Relate to Drug Abuse." Wíčazo Ša Review: a Journal of Native American Studies, No. 9, pp.85–89. (1980). "American Indian Women: Spirituality and Status." Bread and Roses, No. 2, pp. 15–18. (1981)."American Indian Family Cultural Change and Adaptive Strategies." Journal of Ethnic Studies, No. 8, pp. 13–23. (1981). "'Speaking Indian': Parameters of Language Use among American Indians." Focus: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education, No.6, pp. 3–10. (1981). "The Interaction of Culture and Sex Roles in Schools." Integrateducation, Special Issue: American Indian Education, No. 19, pp. 28–37.(1981). "Native American Resistance to Integration: Contemporary Confrontations and Religious Revitalization." Plains Anthropologist, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 277–86. (1982)."New Roads to Coping: Siouan Sobriety" in S.M. Manson ed. New Directions in Prevention among American Indian and Alaska Native Communities. Portland: Oregon Health Sciences University. (1983). "Indian Women: Tribal Identity as Status Quo." Women's Nature: Rationalizations of Inequality.New York: Teachers College Press. (1986). "Contemporary Cultural Revisitation: Bilingual and Bicultural Education." Wíčazo Ša Review: a Journal of Native American Studies, No. 2, pp. 31–35. (1988)."Native American (Indian) Women: A Call for Research." Anthropology and Education Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 86–92. (1990). "'Carrying the Culture: American Indian and Alaska Native Women Workers' Wider Opportunity for Women Inc." Risks and Challenges: Women, Work and the Future, pp.53–60. (1993). "North American Indigenous Women and Cultural Domination." American Indian Culture and Research Journal, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 121–30.(1998). "Alcohol and Aborigines: the North American Perspective." Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Journal, No. 8, pp. 7–11. (1998). "American Indians and Anthropologists: Issues of History, Empowerment, and Application."Human Organization, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 253–57. Films

 (1999). Seeking the Spirit: Plains Indians in Russia. Liucija Baskauskas, dir.Documentary Educational Resources. References

External links
 "SFAA Bea Medicine Award", Society for Applied Anthropology. "Beatrice Medicine", Webster.edu. "Rights advocate Medicine dies" at the Wayback Machine (archived October 15, 2008), Rapid City Journal. "Beatrice Medicine Dead at 82", Savage Minds. "Beatrice Medicine", Native American Authors. "Learning to Be an Anthropologist and Remaining 'Native'", University of Illinois Press."Franz Boas Award", American Anthropological Association. 1923 births
2005 deaths
20th-century American scientists
20th-century American women scientists
20th-century Native Americans
American women anthropologists
California State University, Northridge faculty
Lakota people
Michigan State University alumni
Miniconjou people
Native American anthropologists
Native American women academics
American women academics
Native American academics
Place of birth missing
Sihasapa
20th-century Native American women
21st-century American women

masks:
Beatrice Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Beatrice Medicine
Medicine
Medicine
Medicine


title: Sarah Lancashire

texts:
<mask>  (born 10 October 1964) is an English actress from Oldham, England. She graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1986 and began her career in local theatre, whilst teaching drama classes at the University of Salford. Lancashire found popular success in television programmes including Coronation Street (1991–1996, 2000), Where the Heart Is (1997–1999), Clocking Off (2000) and Seeing Red (2000) and earned widespread recognition. In July 2000, Lancashire signed a two-year golden handcuffs contract with the ITV network which made her the UK's highest paid television actress. Subsequent television roles include the costume dramas Oliver Twist (2007), Lark Rise to Candleford (2008–2011) and The Paradise (2012), and the fact based dramas Cherished (2005) and Five Daughters (2010). Since 2012, <mask> has earned extensive critical acclaim for her roles in the contemporary drama series Last Tango in Halifax (2012–2020) and Happy Valley (2014–present). <mask> has also appeared in the feature films And When Did You Last See Your Father?(2007) and Dad's Army (2016), and West End theatre productions including Blood Brothers in 1990, Guys and Dolls from 2005 to 2006 and Betty Blue Eyes in 2011. Her combined acting credits have earned Lancashire a number of awards and nominations over a career spanning four decades, including two British Academy Television Award wins out of five nominations. She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to drama. Life and career

Early life and career beginnings (1964–1990)
<mask> <mask> was born on 10 October 1964 in Oldham, Lancashire. Her father, <mask> (1933–2004), was a television scriptwriter noted for his work on the soap opera Coronation Street and situation comedies such as The Cuckoo Waltz. Her mother, Hilda, worked as Geoffrey's personal assistant. She has three brothers, one her elder, one younger and a twin.Lancashire was educated at Oldham Hulme Grammar School between 1976 and 1981. At the age of 17, she started to suffer clinical depression. Lancashire has stated she was never driven by the ideas of fame and status. Her background had inspired an initial interest in working behind the scenes in television. She did not give serious thought to the performing arts until the age of 18. After winning a place at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, Lancashire realised that she enjoyed acting. She graduated in 1986, describing her time as a student there as "tremendous" but "seriously hard work and quite intimidating".After rejection from several repertory theatre companies, Lancashire was given her first acting role by Howard Lloyd-Lewis, artistic director of the Manchester Library Theatre Company, which provided her with an Equity Card. Lancashire performed two plays with the company, Pacific Overtures and The Beauty Game, which she states formed "the start of my career as an actor". She found her first professional acting experience "terrifying" as a result of the live audiences, recalling that, "because I wore a bathing costume in some of the scenes, I got heckled!" She also realised that taking risks or underperforming could have had consequences for her acting career. Her role as Denise in The Beauty Game earned her a nomination for Best Supporting Actress at the Manchester Evening News Theatre Awards. At the age of 22, Lancashire married her first serious boyfriend, Gary Hargreaves, a music lecturer 11 years her senior, whom she had met four years earlier. Recalling the circumstances of her first marriage in 2001, Lancashire stated she only married because she became pregnant and possessed both a traditional outlook and a fear of the stigma of having a child out of wedlock.Thomas, her first child with Hargreaves, was born in 1987; a second son, Matthew, was born in 1989. During her early career, Lancashire found herself with large breaks between theatre appearances. To support herself financially, she worked as a drama tutor for five years at Salford University alongside her acting work. Discussing Lancashire's time as a visiting lecturer in Acting and Characterisation, Professor Ron Cook, Head of the University's School of Media, Music and Performance, noted that Lancashire made a "significant impact" in the formative stages of the drama department at the University and had also directed student productions. In 1987, Lancashire made a brief appearance in Coronation Street as Wendy Farmer, a prospective lodger of series regular Jack Duckworth (Bill Tarmey). In the late 1980s, she also appeared in an episode of the children's anthology series Dramarama, and a single episode of the ITV sitcom Watching. In 1990, Lancashire received her "big break" – the role of Linda in a production of Willy Russell's Blood Brothers at the Albery Theatre.Although she thoroughly enjoyed performing in London's West End, she found it difficult to reconcile the experience with raising two young children in Manchester. Breakthrough and popular success (1991–2000)

Two weeks after finishing her run in Blood Brothers, Lancashire auditioned for the role of new Coronation Street character Raquel Wolstenhulme, a colleague of supermarket employee Curly Watts (Kevin Kennedy). Lancashire joined on a three-month contract, continuing to teach at Salford University for another year. Raquel first appeared on 25 January 1991 and departed on 10 May; having moved to London to try to launch a modelling career. Lancashire had initially been reserved about Raquel's characterisation, noting that her "acidic side" could have rendered her the "street bitch" had it been embellished. She took care to highlight Raquel's potential, playing against what had been written to make her more comic, evoking audience sympathy. Between 26 September and 19 October 1991, Lancashire played the title role in an adaption of Educating Rita at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch.Following Raquel's reintroduction on 30 December 1991, <mask> committed herself to Coronation Street full-time. She would remain in the series until 1996, earning a reported annual salary of £90,000. Two years into the role, she experienced a 14-month nervous breakdown but did not confide in anyone besides her close family or take any time off work, which in retrospect she deemed "the worst thing [she] could have done. During the worst part of her experience Lancashire described herself as "hysterical at the thought of getting out of bed". Her mother Hilda forced her to seek medical assistance for her condition, which <mask> states "gave me my life back", her twenties having been "a write-off". <mask> felt her first marriage had also contributed to her unhappiness; in 2001, she stated that though her marriage lasted ten years, it "was 10 years longer than it should have done". In 1995 she separated from Hargreaves; the pair would ultimately later divorce.She described leaving her marriage as a "cleansing experience" and a "renaissance"; one that enabled her to rediscover her sense of identity. Other steps that <mask> took to combat her depression included remaining single for five years, attending therapy sessions, and taking prescriptions of the anti-depressant drug Paroxetine. In December 1995 <mask> starred in the spin-off straight-to-video film Coronation Street – The Cruise, a 75-minute special detailing Raquel and Curly's honeymoon. The special was advertised as being exclusive to video, and 750,000 copies were sold, to the value of £10 million. <mask> departed Coronation Street in 1996 due to her heavy work schedule and desire to pursue other projects. She had also tired of the fame the role brought her, shying away from personal appearances and interviews with television magazines. Her final scenes attracted 20 million viewers.Lancashire's performance in the role saw her nominated in the Most Popular Actress category at the 2nd National Television Awards in October 1996. Lancashire's next role was district nurse Ruth Goddard in the ITV drama series Where the Heart Is, which began airing in 1997. Also in 1997 she filmed a situation comedy for the BBC, Bloomin' Marvellous, in which she played Liz, one half of an argumentative married couple trying for a baby. However, due to poor viewing figures and a damning critical response the sitcom was not renewed. Regarding the negative reception to the series, her co-star Clive Mantle sarcastically remarked "I've seen murderers and rapists get a better press than we did". Lancashire continued to star as Ruth Goddard in Where the Heart Is for its second and third series in 1998 and 1999. In 1998 she was nominated for her second National Television Award for Most Popular Actress.In February 1999 she made a guest appearance in the British dark comedy anthology series Murder Most Horrid alongside comedian Dawn French. The pair played two yachtswoman whose journey ends with fatal repercussions. In April it was announced that Lancashire would be quitting Where the Heart Is, despite an offered pay rise. At the time, Where the Heart is was the third most popular drama on British Television, regularly attracting 12 million viewers. Lancashire's decision was reportedly influenced by the series filming away from home, and a fear that remaining in the series long term would harm her career. In January 2000 she expanded on her decision, stating that Ruth "was too chocolate-boxy, no longer a challenge". On 1 January 2000, Lancashire returned to Coronation Street for one episode in which Raquel asks Curly for a divorce.Lancashire felt it was an apt time to return, as she was now a more confident actress and wanted to portray Raquel again before she aged significantly. The series' producer at the time, Jane Macnaught, deemed Raquel one of Coronation Street most popular ever characters and her return an opportunity for her "millions of fans" to learn what had become of her. Lancashire and Kennedy were the sole actors in the episode, the first to feature just two characters. From late January, Lancashire appeared as factory employee Yvonne Kolakowski, a widow with a dysfunctional personal life, in the BBC One drama series Clocking Off. Lancashire used her own experiences as a single mother in her characterisation. In March, she played actress Coral Atkins in the television film Seeing Red. Lancashire found shooting the drama, which detailed Atkins' decision to quit her acting career in order to set up a care home for abused children, "mentally draining".Lancashire then spent eight weeks filming the BBC One legal sitcom Chambers in which she played "ambitious" and "bigoted" barrister Ruth Quirke. The series was aired from June 2000. Lancashire's final role in 2000 was in the two-part drama thriller My Fragile Heart. Lancashire's output in 2000 earned her several awards. She was voted best actress at the TV Quick Awards in September 2000 for her roles in Clocking Off and Seeing Red, and in October was voted Most Popular Actress at the 6th National Television Awards for Seeing Red. In March 2001 she was named Drama Performer of the Year by the Television and Radio Industries Club, with mention of her work in Clocking Off and Seeing Red. "Golden Handcuffs" contract

Following Lancashire's success in connecting with a television audience, ITV sought to secure her exclusively to their network in a two-year golden handcuffs deal, which was finalised in July 2000.Lancashire became the first actress to be given such a contract with ITV. The deal, worth £1.3 million, made Lancashire the highest-paid actress in British Television. Discussing the exclusive signing ITV controller of drama Nick Elliott identified Lancashire as being someone with "a great range [who] creates a tremendous empathy with an audience". He also admitted that heavy interest in Lancashire from the BBC had been a factor in giving her the contract, and blocking her from working with other networks. Her last role on BBC One during this period was comedy drama Gentleman's Relish, an adaptation of the Miles Gibson novel Kingdom Swann. The television film, which aired on New Year's Day 2001, was Lancashire's first in the costume drama genre; she played a housekeeper harbouring romantic feelings for her employer (Billy Connolly). Her first role under her new contract with ITV was the six-part drama The Glass opposite John Thaw.The series, which aired between May and June 2001 saw Lancashire star as a saleswoman for a double-glazing company who ends up caught in a love triangle with her boss and his nephew. In August 2001, Lancashire married television executive Peter Salmon,  in a low-key ceremony held at Langar Hall, Nottinghamshire. Salmon had proposed to Lancashire in New York during a holiday at Easter time 2001. The two began a romantic relationship in the summer of 2000, though they had first met several years earlier whilst she was portraying Raquel on Coronation Street and he was employed by Granada Studios, which produces the soap opera. In October Lancashire starred in an adaptation of the Michelle Magorian novel Back Home as Peggy Dickinson, a woman adjusting to life in post-war Britain after having been separated from her family during the war. In March 2002 Lancashire received an Honorary Master of Arts degree from Salford University. In April, she starred in two-part psychological thriller The Cry, which she described as her "most naked role yet".She played a social worker grieving her second still-born child who is determined to protect a baby she perceives to be at risk of abuse. Lancashire drew on her own experiences of clinical depression in her depiction of her character's

masks:
Sarah Jane Abigail Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Sarah Jane
Abigail Lancashire
Geoffrey Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire


title: Sarah Lancashire

texts:
 mentality. Her performance saw her awarded with a Golden Nymph award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Mini-Series at the Monte-Carlo Television Festival. In April it was reported that Lancashire had been lined up to play the lead role in comedy drama Life Begins, which creator Mike Bullen had written with Lancashire in mind. However, by June, Lancashire had exited the drama, unwilling to commit to a potentially long running series. Later that month BBC News and newspaper The Guardian reported that Lancashire had exited her exclusive deal with ITV, which would not be renewed after it expired in the autumn. The decision was reportedly influenced by Lancashire's desire to reduce her workload and to have the freedom to take on other roles.In September 2002 she appeared in a two-part crime drama pilot, Rose and Maloney, as legal investigator Rose Linden. On 22 December she appeared in the television movie Birthday Girl as Rachel Jones, who plans a party to celebrate being in remission from a serious illness, only to discover that the disease has returned. Lancashire's final role under her ITV contract was Gertrude Morel in an adaptation of D.H. Lawrence's 1913 novel Sons and Lovers, airing in January 2003. The portrayal –her first of a mother with adult children– followed Gertrude's transformation from a young bride into a fifty-something woman ravaged by her life experiences of poverty and domestic abuse. Lancashire re-read the novel several times prior to filming, and identified with the themes of filial and marital relationships she had been unable to appreciate as a GCSE student. The miniseries gave her a sense of conviction in her career path, stating ahead of the broadcast in 2002: "whatever the reason I do what I do, I felt I had come to a point where I could stop searching after this". Reviewing the serial Paul Hoggart of The Times wrote that Lancashire "steals the show" with a "performance of immense subtlety and quiet strength, proof, if we still needed it, that she has matured into a terrific actress."Conversely Andrew Billen, writing in New Statesman, wrote that "<mask> was no revelation at all", purely because she had "long since proved herself a formidable actress". Subsequent projects (2004–2012)

While pregnant with her third child, <mask> began an 18-month career break, the longest of her working life. In March 2003, <mask> gave birth to her third son, Joseph. <mask>'s first job after returning to work was her directorial debut on an episode of the BBC One anthology series The Afternoon Play. For "Viva Las Blackpool" she was given the Best Newcomer Award (sponsored by BBC Birmingham) at the Birmingham Screen Festival and the Best New Talent Award at the Royal Television Society (Midlands) awards in 2004. The venture also earned her first British Academy Television Awards nomination in 2005 for Best new Director of Fiction. <mask> next filmed three two-part stories for Rose and Maloney, following on from the pilot episode in 2002.The delay between shooting for the pilot and its follow-up was a result of Lancashire's career break and problems reconciling her availability with that of co-star Phil Davis. In 2005 Lancashire starred in The Rotters' Club as a housewife in 1970s Birmingham. Also in 2005 she appeared in the BBC television film Cherished as Angela Cannings, a British woman who was wrongfully convicted of killing her two baby sons. Lancashire was proud to be involved with the project, having greatly admired Cannings strength of character during her ordeal, and being able to relate to her sense of anguish as a parent. In December 2005, Lancashire returned to West End theatre, taking on the role of Miss Adelaide in the Donmar Warehouse production of Guys and Dolls at the Piccadilly Theatre. Lancashire was due to stay with the production until March 2006, but due to a severe chest infection made her last appearance on 4 January. In 2006 Lancashire accepted an invitation to write a short autobiographical entry in Who's Who.Lancashire's only television acting role in 2006 was as house-wife and cake-maker Elaine in the BBC comedy drama Angel Cake. In November she presented an episode of the Five documentary series Disappearing Britain in which she interviewed people with memories of Wakes Week holidays in Blackpool during the early 20th century. In February 2007 she made an appearance in the E4 teen drama series Skins. This was followed by a leading role in the BBC Two television drama Sex, the City and Me as solicitor Ruth Gilbert. In October, Lancashire appeared in her first feature film, David Nicholls' And When Did You Last See Your Father? in which she played aunt Beaty. In December, she played the supporting role of Mrs Corney in the BBC's 2007 adaption of Charles Dickens' 1838 novel Oliver Twist.Whilst ambivalent about the serial as a whole, The Daily Mirrors Jane Simon singled Lancashire out for praise stating that she "really sets the tone for the cold, unfeeling world into which orphaned Oliver is born." Between 2008 and 2011 Lancashire narrated the BBC One series Lark Rise to Candleford, a costume drama based on Flora Thompson's memoir of her Oxfordshire childhood in the 1880s. In April, she appeared in the opening episode of the 2008 series  of Doctor Who, as "an enigmatic and powerful businesswoman" who Lancashire described as a "warped Mary Poppins". She was amongst a number of high-profile actors the series' executive producer Russell T Davies secured for the fourth series of the science-fiction drama as part of his intention to make it "bigger and blowsier". In 2009, Lancashire starred in the BBC One musical drama series All the Small Things. She played Esther Caddick, a full-time mother who starts a choir after her husband leaves her for a more glamorous woman. In July that year the actress was made an honorary Doctor of Letters by the University of Huddersfield.Following this, she reunited with director Coky Giedroyc, who had directed her in Oliver Twist, for a 2009 television adaptation of Emily Brontë's 1847 novel Wuthering Heights in which she played housekeeper Nelly Dean. In 2010 Lancashire portrayed Rosemary Nicholls, mother of a murder victim, in the three-part BBC drama Five Daughters; a depiction of the Ipswich serial murders from the perspective of the victims and their families. Though the pair never met, Lancashire felt it important to receive Nicholls consent before filming, and was later "humbled" and "relieved" to receive a feedback letter thanking her for her portrayal. Also in 2010 she guest-starred in the police drama series Inspector George Gently. In March 2011 Lancashire began starring in a new Cameron Mackintosh musical, Betty Blue Eyes, at the Novello Theatre. In the production, a loose adaptation of the 1984 film A Private Function, she starred as Joyce Chilvers, an aspirational housewife who Lancashire describes as "brittle" and "capricious". Despite positive reviews the musical closed in London on 24 September 2011, after a run of just six months.For her performance Lancashire was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. In 2012 she appeared as lady's maid Miss Whisset in the penultimate episode of the 2010 revival of Upstairs Downstairs. In September 2012 Lancashire began appearing as Head of Ladieswear Miss Audrey in the six-part series The Paradise set in a department store in Northern England in the late 19th century. Lancashire described her character as "a true archetypal spinster" who has long denied herself a romantic life and who begins to feel undermined by a younger colleague. Last Tango in Halifax and Happy Valley
Between November 2012 and December 2016 Lancashire appeared opposite Anne Reid and Derek Jacobi in the BBC drama series Last Tango in Halifax. In the series she plays Caroline, an Oxford-educated headmistress who feels that her mother's second marriage gives her "permission" to be herself. Caroline's same-sex relationship with a fellow teacher resulted in Lancashire receiving more fan mail than for any other role, largely from women telling her that the series had helped them to come out.Due to the under-representation of gay characters in television, Lancashire felt it particularly important that Caroline's experience would not be depicted inaccurately. In her portrayal she opted to focus on the "humanity" of the character, rather than her sexuality. Filming of the second series clashed with filming of the second series of The Paradise, which necessitated Lancashire leaving The Paradise partway through its second series. For her role as Caroline she was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in both 2013 and 2014, winning in 2014. At the 2015 Hay Festival Lancashire stated that of all the roles she has taken on in her career Caroline is the one she is most proud of, citing the "extraordinary impact" of the character. After airing three full series, Last Tango in Halifax returned for a fourth series in December 2016, consisting of two episodes which were promoted as "Christmas Specials", and also for a fifth series in 2020. In 2014, Lancashire re-united with Last Tango in Halifax writer Sally Wainwright on the crime drama Happy Valley.Wainwright was keen to write another role for Lancashire after being "blown away" by her performances in Last Tango in Halifax. Lancashire portrays single-grandparent Catherine Cawood, a police sergeant still dealing with the aftermath of her daughter's rape, and subsequent suicide, eight years earlier. Mark Lawson of The Guardian identified the performance as a career best for Lancashire, stating that she perfectly conveyed "the script's demandingly contradictory notes of tragedy, comedy, love, guilt, weakness and courage". For this role she earned the TV Choice Award for Best Actress in 2014, and the Royal Television Programme Award for Best Actress in 2015. In September 2014 the Radio Times listed her as one of the thirty most powerful women in British television and radio. In April 2015 she received her fourth BAFTA television nomination, her first in the Best Actress category. In June 2015 she was named Best Actress in a Drama Series at the Monte Carlo Television Festival.Despite Lancashire's concerns regarding the decision to extend the story told in Happy Valley, Wainwright's "genuine" storytelling and "integrity" convinced her to return for a second series, which aired in 2016. Lancashire stated that she found the second series as "emotionally brutal" as the first; disclosing to The Independent that she inhabited Catherine's emotional pain for the entirety of the shoot. Whilst promoting the second series, Lancashire also refuted criticism about the level of violence towards women in the series, stating she "would never condone anything which [she] thought was salacious, titillating, or gratuitous" and that Catherine's experience represented an "absolutely honest portrayal of what a female police officer can be subjected to". For her role in the second series of Happy Valley, Lancashire won the 2017 National Television Award for Best Dramatic Performance, and the BAFTA TV award for Best Actress. 2015–present
In March 2015 Lancashire began filming a television adaptation of Ronald Harwoods 1980 play The Dresser. In the teleplay, which aired in October 2015, Lancashire portrayed stage manager Madge, whose unrequited love for 'Sir' (Anthony Hopkins), the head of a repertory theatre company, pits her at odds with his dresser and confidant, Norman (Ian McKellen). Lancashire described The Dresser as "the greatest piece ever written about actors" and found both working with and observing McKellen and Hopkins – "two of the greatest actors ever" – an extraordinary experience.Following an airing on the American premium cable channel Starz in 2016, Lancashire was nominated for the 2016 Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Movie or Miniseries Lancashire played Mrs Pike in the 2016 feature film Dad's Army, based on the situation comedy series of the same name. In early 2017, she began voicing the character of "Headmonstress" Mrs Twirlyhorn in the animated pre-school series School of Roars, which airs on Cbeebies. Lancashire was due to appear opposite Martin Freeman in Labour of Love, a political comedy by James Graham, at the Noël Coward Theatre in late 2017 but pulled out on 1 September "on doctor's advice" and was replaced by Tamsin Greig. In 2018 she starred as Miriam – billed as an "experienced, no-nonsense social worker" – in Kiri, a four-part drama series written by Jack Thorne, co-produced by Channel 4 and the American on-demand service Hulu. The miniseries centres on a black girl living with a white foster couple who is murdered on a visit to her family, putting Miriam and the social services under scrutiny. Filmography

Awards and nominations

Lancashire was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to drama. References

External links

1964 births
Living people
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from Lancashire
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners
Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners
English film actresses
English musical theatre actresses
English soap opera actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
English television directors
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Hulme Grammar School
Actresses from Oldham
Twin people from England
WFTV Award winners
Women television

masks:
Sarah Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire


title: Fred Dunkel

texts:
Friedrich Otto (<mask><mask> (31 March 1891 – 16 May 1948) was a journalist, businessman, and filmmaker in Germany and one of the pioneers of the film making industry in Palestine before the establishment of Israel. Biography
<mask>, a Protestant Christian, was born in Erfurt, Germany. After a period of studies in Zurich and Milan, he began to produce films in Berlin in 1913. During World War I he was recruited into the German army as a driver and eventually was sent to Palestine to serve. On this first encounter with the Middle East he became enchanted with the region. After the war he returned to Berlin to resume work in film. During his frequent visits to a chocolate shop he met and married the daughter of the owner Cyla Anderman, a Jew.He also adopted her daughter Rosa. They lived in Berlin where <mask> established a film studio and laboratory. In 1932 he documented Hitler's election campaign. With the rise to power of the Nazis and the laws governing Aryan purity, <mask> was being forced to divorce his wife because of her Jewish ancestry. Instead he decided to move his family out of Germany. He withdrew a large amount of funds from his bank account and awaited the inevitable visit from the Gestapo. Laws in Germany at that time forbid the transfer of funds out of the country.He told representatives of the Gestapo that he had used the money to pay personal debts and buy new furniture. The Gestapo believed that he had transferred the funds to a Swiss account. <mask> admitted to having a small account in Switzerland and invited the Gestapo to accompany him to Zurich to confirm his story. His invitation was accepted and the family left Germany, with their money hidden away, escorted over the border by Gestapo agents. Once in Switzerland, the Dunkels were free to leave for Eretz Israel, with their money, while the duped Gestapo agents continued to investigate a bank account that was almost empty. Arriving in Palestine the family took up residence on 9 Gordon St. in Tel Aviv. <mask> opened a film production company which he called Hafilm Ha’Eretz Israeli which was the identical name chosen by Chaim Halachmi, the producer of the first sound film in Palestine.Dunkel established a laboratory dealing with 16 mm, 9.5mm and 8mm stock. He produced, developed and distributed films, as well as renting out equipment and teaching cinematography. He did not learn Hebrew but was registered by the mandatory authorities as a Jew despite the fact that he did not convert to Judaism. He associated with other German speaking immigrants, mostly from the world of arts. He knew Helmar Lerski, director of the films Avodah and Adamah and was friends with filmmaker Yerushalayim Segal and photographer Zoltan Kluger. While undergoing surgery <mask>’s wife Cyla died in the early 1940s. <mask> remarried in 1943 to Marthe Hirshman, a Czech refugee who was saved when the illegal immigrant ship Patria was blown up in the port of Haifa.In early 1948 they had a daughter Ruth. <mask> was very concerned with the family’s safety and economic security. Two days after the declaration of the state, on May 16, 1948 Egyptian planes attacked Tel Aviv. Two bombs fell very close to the Dunkel home while <mask> was on the roof viewing the action. He ran to where the baby Ruthie was located, fearing for her life and died of a heart attack next to her cradle. As he was not Jewish the authorities would not bury him in a Jewish cemetery. In the end he was buried in the Catholic cemetery “Terra Sancta” in Jaffa while it was under fire.Professional Career in Palestine
<mask>’s laboratory was the first in the country to work with 16mm film. <mask> promoted the use of this film stock finding it to be the most convenient and least expensive to use. From 1939-1944 he worked in cooperation with the Jewish National Fund (JNF) producing films for them. <mask> was the only filmmaker in the country who had 16mm stock and the equipment to develop color film in his laboratory. He used his unique position to promote himself as the only professional able to deliver the goods in a short period of time. He refused to sell stock to other professionals and would only develop footage for amateurs. Eventually the complaints of other filmmakers forced JNF to sever their ties to him.In his last years he filmed only home movies. Selection of his Films
 Tel Aviv – A short film among the first produced in Palestine to appear in color. The film shows the first Hebrew city and its many sites: boats in the port, street scenes, the central synagogue, Dizengoff square, boating on the Yarkon, and camels walking through the sands. Yehuda Nadivi, the secretary of the city after touring the far east with the film wrote: “I would like to note that the film made a big impression on the viewers, both Jews and non-Jews. Especially in the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Rangoon and Singapore. The film presented the beauty and color of Tel Aviv in a manner that created a desire to come and visit Tel Aviv and Eretz Israel.”
 Springtime in Galilee – A study on the settlements in the upper Galilee as filmed by Dunkel during spring 1940. The film shows views of the area and different locations in the north.The antiquities at Kfar Nahum (Capernaum), fishermen of the Sea of Galilee, the city of Safad, Rosh Pina, Machanayim, Kibbutz Ein Gev, and Kibbutz Amir. The latter was established a few months earlier during the “Tower and Stockade” operation. Aviation, Saraphend – Two film excerpts shot during the 2nd World War depicting the beginnings of the formation a Jewish military fighting unit. The first shows aircraft pilot training in a company called “Aviron” while the second shows the recruitment of Jewish volunteers, born in Eretz Israel, to the British armed forces and their training in Sarafand (now Tzrifin). They Find a Home – A film on the hardships encountered by Jewish refugees fleeing from Nazi Germany including their deportation from Germany, their clandestine transport by fragile boats and their absorption into Eretz Israel. The film produced with Keren Hayesod and photographed by <mask> exposes the cruelty of the Nazi regime. Scenes of harassment of German Jews both authentic and staged appear in the film.The People Serve - A film showing the work of Jewish farmers in Eretz Israel working the land while having to defend it. Among pastoral landscapes of working the fields, shepherds and fruitful orchards, there are also rare excerpts depicting the training of the special night squads formed by the Haganah and under the command of the legendary British officer Orde Wingate. These include, probably the only shot in existence of Moshe Dayan with both of his eyes intact. The collection of <mask>’s films, deposited in the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive by his daughter Ruth Gazit, includes films documenting the Maccabiah Games, the “illegals” ship “Patria” sinking at Haifa port, Dead Sea works in Kalya and shots of the port in Tel Aviv. In addition there are many home movies photographed by Dunkel in the last months of his life. Most of these star his baby daughter Ruth. External links
A selection of Dunkel films from the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive internet site.1891 births
1948 deaths
Film people from Thuringia
German male journalists
Businesspeople from Thuringia
German male writers
Mass media people from Erfurt
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine

masks:
Fred
) Dunkel
Friedrich Dunkel
Dunkel
Dunkel
Dunkel
Fred
Dunkel
Dunkel
Dunkel
Fred
Fred Dunkel
Dunkel
Dunkel
Fred Dunkel
Fred Dunkel


title: Tito Lara

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<mask> (December 23, 1932 – June 23, 1987), was considered by many to be Puerto Rico's first television singing idol. Early years
<mask> (birth name: <mask> was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. <mask> was raised by his maternal grandmother and received primary education in Santurce. During his spare time, he taught himself to play the guitar. In 1942, when was only 10 years old, his grandmother realized that her grandson had musical talent and took him to WNEL, the local radio station, where he made his debut. In 1946, <mask> enrolled at the Free School of Music in San Juan, where he continued his guitar studies and learned to play the trumpet. Trío Los Lirios
In 1948, <mask> and eleven fellow students created an ensemble with <mask> as lead singer.In 1949, <mask> formed a trio called Trío Los Lirios which became a regular guest on the WKAQ radio station. They were paid 2 American dollars per appearance. Recording debut
<mask> enrolled at the University of Puerto Rico to study Liberal Arts and joined the university's choir. In 1950, the owner of Mardí Records heard and was impressed by <mask>'s singing and asked him to form a quartet including a female voice. <mask> did so, was signed by Mardí Records and dropped out of college in 1953 to travel with the quartet to New York City. <mask> also went solo in 1953 and scored a hit with a recording of the bolero Sollozo ('Crying'), which he followed up with Orquídeas, a Spanish version of Orchids in the Moonlight by Vincent Youmans. That same year he met and married Nilda María Canino with whom he was to have three children, Agustin Jr., María and José Rafael.He returned to New York and performed at the Paramount Theater where Myrta Silva introduced him as "El Pollo que Canta" ('The Handsome Singer'). Los Hispanos
In 1955, <mask> joined one of Puerto Rico's renowned quartets Los Hispanos and made his television début with them and singers, Ida Claudio, and Sonia Noemí on "El Show Ford", broadcast by Telemundo, the television station owned and operated by Ángel Ramos. His extraordinary vocal range allowed him to replace any of the members of Los Hispanos when one of them was unable to perform. On January 11, 1965, the group began a seven-year participation in the televised part of the Festival Sultana, a show produced by Paquito Cordero. <mask> and Los Hispanos travelled and performed in the United States, the Dominican Republic, Panamá, Perú, Venezuela and Chile. <mask> enrolled in the Music Conservatory of Puerto Rico and in 1970 earned his bachelor's degree, specializing in trumpet-playing. He formed a duo with María Esther Ortiz called Los Dos and also founded the Allegro 72 group, which, among others, included Luis Antonio Cosme.<mask> performed with Allegro 72 at Carnegie Hall, New York, and at various television stations. Some members of Allegro 72 who went on to gain fame were Lunna, Ángel "Cucco" Peña, Dagmar Rivera and Alyce Gracia. Later years
<mask> began to have problems with his health in 1978, suffering a stroke which was complicated by his diabetes. In 1979, he underwent an open-heart surgery procedure from which he recuperated and shortly after returned to Puerto Rico. There he underwent conversion to Christianity and joined a Protestant church. After his conversion, he continued singing sacred music almost exclusively, collaborating with singers such as the magnificent mezzo-soprano Maribel Soto, recording with her a Spanish adaptation of Sandi Patty's "More than Wonderful" ("Maravilloso es"); singing in a choir put together by Wisón Torres, Jr. and Leyda E. Colón, founders and directors of the Puerto Rican Christian music group Peregrinos y Extranjeros, for the CD "Buscando aquella ciudad" ("Looking for that city") (Pilgrim Music), and recording two beautiful projects as a soloist. The first one was titled "Él" ("He"); the second one: "Señor Amigo" ("My Lord, my friend").Most of the lyrics of his sacred songs talked about grace, eternal live, hope, and love for his Lord, Jesus Christ. When visiting churches to sing live or presenting concerts, he always said: "I sing happily because I believe in the words I sing". His version in Spanish of the Frankie Laine hit I Believe, titled "Tengo Fe", became his signature song. He also participated in "Noche de Gala", a musical variety show hosted by T.V. personality Eddie Miró, for the celebration of Easter, singing the famous duet with Maribel Soto. In 1985, <mask> participated in the Concierto de Navidad (Christmas Concert) held at the "Luis A. Ferré Center for the Performing Arts" in San Juan. In 1986, he held concerts in the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts and at the Hostos Center of Culture in the Bronx.That year he also recorded his last album, Los Cuatro Ases (The Four Aces). Personal life

<mask> was married to Nilda Maria Canino from 1953 to his death. In addition to his wife, he was survived by his three children. He died on June 23, 1987, aged 54, and was laid to rest in Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan. See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links
Popular Culture

1932 births
1987 deaths
Burials at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
Puerto Rican Protestants
People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
20th-century Puerto Rican male singers
Converts to Protestantism from Roman Catholicism

masks:
Tito Lara
Lara
Agustín Enrique Lara Olivencia
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara


title: Wang Yanxi

texts:
<mask> () (died April 8, 944), known as <mask> () during his reign, formally Emperor Jingzong of Min (), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He became Min's ruler after a coup that overthrew his nephew <mask> (<mask>, Emperor Kangzong) in 939. With his reign being a cruel one, the imperial guard officers Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu (who were instrumental in the coup that brought him to power) assassinated him and slaughtered the imperial <mask> clan. Zhu thereafter claimed the title of Emperor of Min. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was the 28th son of <mask>, commonly regarded as Min's first ruler and later posthumously honored as Emperor Taizu (although formally, <mask> remained a vassal of Tang and Later Liang). Historical accounts did not indicate who his mother was. Historical accounts also did not discuss most of <mask>'s activities during the next three rulers of Min—<mask>'s older brothers <mask> and <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Huizong), and nephew (<mask>'s son) <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Kangzong).Based on the timing of subsequent events, it appeared likely (although not conclusively so) that at some point while still being a subject, he married the daughter of the official Li Zhen () as his wife. (It is possible that he married her after he became emperor.) It is known, however, that there was a time when an emissary of Silla offered a sword to <mask>g as a gift at a feast. When <mask>g showed it to the chancellor <mask> () and asked <mask>, "What can I use it for?" and <mask> responded, "You can use it to behead unfaithful subjects," <mask>, who happened to be at the feast as well and who was already secretly having designs on the throne, was so shocked that his expressions changed. At one point, <mask> apparently received the titles of Zuo Pushe () and chancellor (同中書門下平章事, Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi), but fearing that <mask>g would suspect him, he pretended to be crazy and dumb. <mask>g thereafter gave him Taoist monk's robes, and placed him in the Wuyi Mountains, but later recalled him to the capital Changle (長樂, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) and put him under house arrest.By 939, <mask>g had alienated two elite corps that his father <mask> established, the Gongchen () and the Anhe (), by establishing his own elite corps, the Chenwei (). The commanders of the Gongchen and Anhe corps, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu, feared death, and therefore decided to mutiny. They rose and defeated <mask>g's Chenwei corps, and then went to <mask>'s mansion, offering the throne to him. <mask>g fled, but was later captured and executed. <mask> took the throne. Reign

As King of Min
While <mask> took on much of the imperial trappings—including commissioning officials for his imperial administration, issuing a general pardon, and changing era name—he nevertheless only assumed the title of King of Min at the moment and submitted a petition to Shi Jingtang, the emperor of Later Jin, which then controlled the Central Plains, to be Later Jin's vassal. He changed his name to <mask>.Publicly, in announcing <mask>peng's death, he blamed it on a mutiny by the Chenwei Corps. He commissioned (presumably by this point) his father-in-law Li Zhen as chancellor. A number of sorcerers who had misled <mask>g were executed. However, <mask>, once his power was affirmed, turned out to be arrogant, licentious, and cruel, and he was suspicious of other members of the <mask> imperial clan. His younger brother <mask>g the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) often wrote him to try to correct his behavior, but that led him to be angry. He sent his close associates Ye Qiao () to serve as monitor of <mask>g's army, and Du Hanchong () to serve as monitor of the army at Nanzhen Base (南鎮軍, near Jian). Both Ye and Du frequently submitted reports of their suspicions about <mask>g, adding to the friction.In 940, after an argument between <mask>g and Ye, <mask>g tried to arrest Ye, but Ye was able to flee. <mask>g then rose in full rebellion against <mask>'s administration, and he quickly defeated the imperial generals in Jian's vicinity. When <mask> then sent the generals Pan Shikui () and Wu Xingzhen () to attack Jian, <mask>g sought aid from Min's northern neighbor Wuyue. Wuyue's king Qian Yuanguan sent a detachment commanded by Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong () to aid <mask>g, but <mask>g defeated Pan and Wu before the Wuyue army's arrival. He then tried to send the Wuyue army away, but Yang and Xue refused to leave Jian's vicinity. <mask>g then turned around and sought aid from <mask>, who sent their nephew <mask> () to head toward Jian and cut off the supply routes of Yang and Xue's army. <mask>g then defeated them, forcing them to retreat.Subsequently, Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang's emperor Li Bian sent emissaries to <mask> and <mask>g, trying to quell their dispute. Under Li Bian's moderation, <mask>g sent servants to Changle, and his servants subsequently swore an oath, on his behalf, with <mask>, at their father <mask>zhi's tomb, formally entering a peace between the brothers, but privately, they remained suspicious of each other. <mask> subsequently build up Changle's defenses to defend a possible attack, and the conscription, as well as <mask>'s encouragement for people to become Buddhist monks, led to some 11,000 men becoming monks. Meanwhile, Shi, who had previously cut off relations with Min due to the arrogance of <mask>peng (who wanted the two states to be treated equally, angering Shi), received <mask>'s petition, and thereafter created him the King of Min and gave him the titles of military governor (Jiedushi) of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered at Changle)—a tradition title held by Min's rulers when in subordination to the central Chinese regimes—and honorary chancellor title of Zhongshu Ling (). In 941, when <mask>g requested the title of military governor of Weiwu, <mask> declined to give him the title (citing the longstanding tradition of Weiwu being seated at Changle), but commissioned him as the military governor of a new Zhen'an Circuit (), to be headquartered at Jian. (<mask>g, though, did not like the name of Zhen'an, and therefore referred to himself as military governor of Zhenwu ()  Also in 941, <mask> commissioned his son <mask> as chancellor and the commander of the imperial guards. Later that year, suspecting an alliance between <mask> Yanzheng and <mask> Jiye (who was then serving as the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian)), he summoned <mask> Jiye back from Quan and forced <mask> Jiye to commit suicide.As Emperor of Min
In fall 941, <mask> claimed the title of emperor—although only the Huang () component, not the full Huangdi () title, and continued to also claim the title of military governor of Weiwu, apparently trying to maintain some resemblance of a vassal relationship to Later Jin. Meanwhile, even though he created <mask>g the Prince of Fusha, the military hostilities between him and <mask>g resumed, such that it was said that the side of roads between Changle and Jian were overlaid with bones from dead soldiers. Meanwhile, fearing that <mask>'s successor at Quan, <mask> () (a son of <mask>'s, and therefore also a nephew) was becoming popular with the people, he recalled <mask> and then poisoned <mask> to death. Shortly after, he created <mask>, who then carried the title of Prince of Langye, the Prince of Changle and made <mask> the military governor of Weiwu. In winter 941, <mask> assumed the full title of Huangdi. In spring 942, he created Li Zhen's daughter—who, based on the sequence of events, he was likely to have married while still being a subject, as she was described to be the mother of <mask>—empress. It was said that she liked drinking and had a strong personality, such that <mask> both favored and feared her.Shortly after, he created <mask> the Prince of Min. Meanwhile, the battles with <mask>g continued. In fall 942, <mask> sent emissaries carrying his personally written edicts, gold, money, and official commissions (to allow <mask>g to commission his subordinates as officials) to <mask>g, seeking peace, but <mask>g rejected the overture. Meanwhile, when another nephew, <mask>rou (), was unable to drink at a feast and secretly reduced the wine served him, <mask> became angry and put him to death, as well as the officer serving the wine to him. In 942, there was a time when <mask> commissioned the chancellor Yu Tingying to be the prefect of Quan. Yu engaged in corruption upon arriving there, including taking women for himself while claiming that he was doing so under <mask>'s orders, for the women to serve as consorts in <mask>'s palace. When <mask> received reports of this, he sent imperial censors to investigate.In fear, Yu returned to Changle, trying to defend himself. <mask> was set to have him arrested, when Yu offered a large tribute of money. <mask> was pleased, and, after extracting a second tribute (on Empress Li's behalf), allowed Yu to return to Quan. Indeed, after this incident, the officials began to directly offer tributes to the empress. Subsequently, he even recalled Yu and made Yu a chancellor again. Around the same time, he also made his nephew Li Renyu () (the son of one of his sisters and the chancellor Li Min (), and brother to <mask>peng's first wife) and Li Guangzhun () chancellors—in Li Renyu's case, because Li Renyu, who was described to be young and handsome, gained his favor by apparently having sexual relations with him. In spring 943, <mask>g formally declared himself emperor of a breakaway state of Yin.Meanwhile, <mask> took the daughter of the general Shang Baoyin () and became infatuated with her due to her beauty. It was said that if he were drunk, he would do whatever Consort Shang asked him to do, whether it comes to killing people or sparing people. Around the same time, there was a time when someone offered a sword to him. This caused him to remember the incident involving <mask> during <mask>peng's reign, and he opened up <mask>'s grave and cut <mask>'s body into pieces. In winter 943, there was a time when <mask> was giving one of his daughters away in marriage. When he realized that 12 of his imperial officials did not congratulate her, he had them caned. As the deputy chief imperial censor Liu Zan () did not, until that occurred, indict them, he wanted to cane Liu as well.The official Zheng Yuanbi () tried to intercede on Liu's behalf, and when <mask> stated, "Are you, lord, trying to be Wei Zheng?" Zheng responded, "I, your subject, treat Your Imperial Majesty as Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that is why I am trying to be Wei Zheng." Only then was <mask>'s anger soothed somewhat, and he released Liu, but Liu later died due to anxiety from this incident. Early in 944, Li Bian's son and successor Li Jing wrote to both <mask> and <mask>g to rebuke them for their intrafamily family war. <mask>'s return letter to Li Jing cited the examples of the Duke of Zhou's executions of his brothers the Lords of Guan and Cai and Emperor Taizong's killing of his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. <mask>g's return letter to Li Jing, however, was more confrontational, rebuking Li Jing's father Li Bian for usurping the throne of Southern Tang's predecessor state Wu. In anger, Li Jing cut off relations with Yin.Meanwhile, over the years, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu had continued to be concerned that they would be killed on account of having killed <mask>peng. They became increasingly fearful after <mask>, while drunk, killed their associate Wei Conglang (), and after <mask> recited in their presence, in one occasion, Bai Juyi's poem, which stated, "When it comes to matching people's hearts, one cannot have any expectations even when they were physically close." Meanwhile, Empress Li was jealous of the favor that Consort Shang had gained, and wanted to have <mask> killed so that her son <mask> could become emperor. She therefore sent information to Zhu and Lian that <mask> was suspicious of them. In spring 944, there was a time when Empress Li's father Li Zhen had fallen ill, and <mask> went to visit him. As <mask> rode a horse to Li Zhen's mansion, Zhu and Lian had the officer Qian Da () assassinate <mask> even as he was on the horse. They publicly declared that, given the cruel reigns that several straight <mask> emperors had demonstrated, it was time for someone else—and Lian then declared Zhu the new emperor.They slaughtered the members of the <mask> clan at Changle, including Empress Li and <mask>, although they still buried <mask> with ceremony due an emperor. Notes and references

 Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 134. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 68. Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 92.Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 282, 283, 284. |-

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944 deaths
Generals from Fujian
Min Kingdom rulers
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms emperors
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Later Jin (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Weiwu Circuit
Min Kingdom chancellors
Min Kingdom Taoists
Min Kingdom Buddhists
Year of birth unknown
10th-century births
Politicians from Fuzhou
Murdered Chinese emperors
Chinese Buddhist monarchs

masks:
Wang Yanxi
Wang Xi
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang
Wang Yanxi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanhan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Lin
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Jipen
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Jiye
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Shen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Jiye
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jiyan
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Tan
Wang Ji
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


title: Alice Shields

texts:
<mask> (born <mask><mask>, Manhattan, New York, February 18, 1943) is an American classical composer. She is a respected electronic composer particularly known for her cross-cultural work in opera. As a performer, <mask> has been a professional opera singer, performing both traditional and modern roles with the New York City Opera, Metropolitan Opera At-The-Forum, Washington National Opera, Clarion Music Society, Wolf Trap Opera, the Lake George Opera Festival and other opera companies. During the 1990s she intensively studied and performed South Indian Bharata Natyam dance-drama as a vocalist, performing nattuvangam, a form of South Indian rhythmic recitation with the Swati Bhise Bharata Natyam Dance Company, at venues including the United Nations, Asia Society and Wesleyan University. All <mask>' compositions since 2000 reflect her immersion in Indian classical music and drama. Since 2016 <mask> has been involved in the study of Noh theater. <mask> earned three degrees from Columbia University including the Doctor of Musical Arts in music composition, studying with Vladimir Ussachevsky, Jack Beeson, Otto Luening and Chou Wen-Chung.She served as Associate Director of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center and Director for Development of the Columbia University Computer Music Center. She has taught the psychology of Music as Professor of Psychology at New York University and lectures on the psychology of music at institutions including the Santa Fe Opera, CUNY Center for Developmental Neuroscience, International Society for Research on Emotion, American Psychological Association and the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. <mask>' 2018 environmental opera "ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World" for soprano, baritone and seven instruments was performed in concert in November, 2018 by the Association for the Promotion of New Music at the Baruch Performing Arts Center in New York City. In this opera, to end environmental destruction and create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront a character called The Emperor. <mask>' 2010 feminist opera Criseyde is a radical re-write of Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, and is sung in Middle English. It was performed in concert at the New York City Opera VOX Festival in May 2008. <mask>' work is published by the American Composers Alliance: , and is recorded on Koch International Classics, New World, CRI, American Composers Alliance Recordings, Tellus, Opus One and Albany Records.ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World   (2018) - opera in 1 act for soprano, baritone & 7 instruments; libretto by the composer, inspired by ancient Chinese poetry & plays: to stop environmental destruction & create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront the Emperor, the modern ruler of the world. Instrument and Electronics
 Azure  (2003) for flute, violin, viola, cello & fixed audio media, in Todi raga
 Mioritza — Requiem for Rachel Corrie  (2004) for solo trombone & fixed audio media, with poem by <mask>
 Kyrielle  (2005) for solo violin and fixed audio media, based on Gregorian chants associated with the Virgin Mary. Line of Apogee, New World Records #80389, composed assisting Vladimir Ussachevsky - 1991
 El's Aria, Opus One records #90, aria for soprano, flute and fixed audio media from the opera SHAMAN - ? Apocalypse - An Electronic Opera New World Records #NWCR647, with Michael Willson, baritone; <mask>, mezzo-soprano & Jim Matus, electric guitar - 1993
 Study for Voice and Tape, Dance Piece No.3, New World Records #80521, sung by <mask> - 1997
 Komachi at Sekidera, Koch International Classics #3-7503-2111  - ? The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #80644 (digital re-issue from 1970)- 2006
 Organ Screaming & Dawn Wind, New World Records #NWCR670, from the opera Apocalypse, sung by <mask> - 2007
 Shenandoah - Three Electronic Works Albany Records #TROY699 - 2004
 The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #NWCRL268 - 2010
 Kyrelle, Albany Records #TROY1305, for violin & fixed audio media, with Airi Yoshioka, violin
 White Heron Dance, ACA Recordings #USA-ACA193428351646; based on the Japanese Sa-gi Mai ritual: a human being experiences a moment of union with the sounds of nature - 2018

Filmography

 Cycle of Apples (2019), a collaboration between Shields and Maha Al-Saati. The film includes the opera pieces Agnus Dei (1992), Criseyde's Dream (2008), Quartet for Piano and Percussion (2016), The River of Memory for trombone & electronics (2016). References

External links
Alice Shields official site
Alice Shields page from American Music Center site
Video Archive
"Women in Sound Art: Seven Musical Micro-Portraits"
"Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States: Crossing the Line " by Elizabeth Hinkle-Turner
"The Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center"
"Women and music technology: pioneers, precedents and issues in the United States"

1943 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century American composers
21st-century classical composers
American classical composers
American women classical composers
American electronic musicians
American opera composers
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
Living people
Women in classical music
American women in electronic music
Women opera composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American composers
21st-century American women musicians
20th-century women composers
21st-century women composers

masks:
Alice Shields
Alice F
. Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Alice Shields
Shields
Shields