title: Ernest Lawson

texts:
<mask> (March 22, 1873 – December 18, 1939) was a Canadian-American painter and exhibited his work at the Canadian Art Club and was a member of the American group The Eight, artists who formed a loose association in 1908 to protest the narrowness of taste and restrictive exhibition policies of the conservative, powerful National Academy of Design. Though <mask> was primarily a landscape painter, he also painted a small number of realistic urban scenes. His painting style is heavily influenced by the art of John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, and Alfred Sisley. Though considered a Canadian-American Impressionist, <mask> falls stylistically between Impressionism and realism. Youth

<mask> was born in 1873 in Halifax, Nova Scotia to a prominent family, and arrived in the United States in 1888 and settled in Kansas City. In 1891, he went to live in New York and enrolled in classes at the Art Students League, studying under John Twachtman, who introduced him to Impressionism and was the central influence of his formative years. He later continued to study with Twachtman and with J. Alden Weir at their Cos Cob, Connecticut summer art school in the 1890s."To some degree," one art historian has noted, "<mask> was a product of the art colony movement." <mask> visited France in 1893 and studied at the Académie Julian with Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant and Jean-Paul Laurens. He practiced plein air painting in southern France and at Moret-sur-Loing, where he met the English Impressionist Alfred Sisley. In 1894, <mask> exhibited two paintings in the Salon. <mask> shared a Paris studio that year with W. Somerset Maugham, who is believed to have used <mask> as the inspiration for the character "<mask>" in his 1915 novel Of Human Bondage  Back in the United States, he married his former art teacher, Ella Holman. Maturity

Upon his return to the United States in 1896, <mask> began developing his own aesthetic. He was further encouraged by Robert Henri, William Glackens, and the other independent artists with whom he began to associate around 1903.<mask> moved to Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan in 1898, and his work for the next two decades focused on subjects—Fort Tryon Park, the Harlem River, Spuyten Duyvil, the fields, bridges, docked boats, tree-covered hills, and rocky inclines at the edge of a city on the move—from that still-unpopulated part of the metropolis. His paintings form a "procession of lonely vistas devoid of people," but are filled with an almost tactile sense of paint and an understated chromatic brilliance. (Art critic James Gibbons Huneker, a great admirer of <mask>, referred to his friend's skill as originating in a "palette of crushed jewels.") Like other realists, he worked on-site and traveled with some frequency in search of interesting new subjects; his search for the picturesque took him to Spain, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, Kansas, Colorado, Tennessee, New Mexico, Connecticut, and Florida. <mask> had his first solo exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1907 and won a prize in the Academy's Annual for a winter landscape, the theme of which became his single most identifiable subject. The following year, he joined the rebellious group that would become known as "The Eight," whose members included Robert Henri, William Glackens, John Sloan, George Luks, Everett Shinn, Arthur B. Davies and Maurice Prendergast. The Eight
In many ways, <mask> was an unlikely rebel.A soft-spoken, gracious, and undramatic man, he had no flair for self-promotion and little inclination to paint the rougher aspects of modern city life, which was a hallmark of five of the most significant members of the Eight. (Henri, Glackens, Sloan, Luks, and Shinn were all founding members of what became known as the Ashcan school of American art.) Unlike Henri, Sloan, and Luks, who were teachers as well, he had no worshipful student-following nor was he well-placed in art-political circles in New York, like Arthur B. Davies. He had his devoted fans—the Manhattan restaurateur James Moore (the central figure in William Glackens's famous painting, Chez Mouquin) owned a much-loved collection of Lawsons—but no one thought of him as a radical in any way. If anything, he had more in common with the eighth member of the group, Maurice Prendergast, in his steady reserve and quiet professionalism. But he did share the concerns voiced by Henri and others of the group that the exhibition system in New York, a closed system that led to wider press coverage and lucrative sales for those who worked in an approved manner, was too much a "private club" enterprise and needed shaking up. The exhibition that the Eight staged at the prestigious Macbeth Galleries in New York in 1908 did just that.The exhibition of The Eight was the "succès de scandale" its organizers hoped for. If sales did not quite measure up to their expectations, the painters nonetheless became centers of media attention for some time. Conservative tastes were affronted, and young artists flocked to the Macbeth Galleries to see a startling range of modern representational art. The show later traveled to Chicago and Boston, where it occasioned more press coverage and public discussion of the direction American art should take. <mask> and his friends had played a role in an important cultural event and in initiating debate about a needed diversity of style and subject matter in American art. At the same time, though, it was possible for some people to wonder to what extent <mask> was an outsider at all. Later that year, he was named an associate member of the National Academy of Design, and he was made a full academician in 1917.He exhibited as a member of the Canadian Art Club from 1911 to 1915. He benefited from regular gallery representation, won many prizes throughout his career, and was highly regarded by his peers. In fact, William Merritt Chase considered him America's greatest landscape painter, an endorsement that carried a healthy cachet with it. None of this translated into wealth or fame in the long run, however. <mask> had financial problems all his life and suffered from poor health in his later years. <mask> was invited to contribute three paintings to the landmark Armory Show of 1913. Like many American artists at the time, he was not prepared to abandon representational art for the new paths suggested by Cubism, Fauvism, and Futurism, but he was open to learning more about Post-Impressionism (which he had first been exposed to in Europe), and in New York the opportunities to see the Post-Impressionists increased considerably after the Armory Show."Acquaintance with Cézanne's painting convinced [<mask>] that Impressionism had lost contact with form in its insistence upon surface light, and in his later works he made an obvious attempt to recapture solidity. Although he never completely assimilated Cézanne's structural methods, <mask> managed to introduce a measure of form into his art and some resemblance to the Aix master...as he dropped the coloristic haze and the pastel prettiness inherited from Twachtman." Later years
Though his work was sought after by important collectors in the 1910s and 1920s, such as John Quinn, Duncan Phillips, Albert C. Barnes, and Ferdinand Howald, who single-handedly built the modern collection of the Columbus Museum of Art, <mask> did not maintain a high profile in the American art world as Precisionism, the artists of the Alfred Stieglitz circle (e.g., Georgia O'Keeffe, John Marin, Charles Demuth), and other adventurous movements and individuals took center stage. Eventually, he left New York. <mask> visited Florida when he befriended Katherine and Royce Powell, his close friends and patrons who lived there. He first stayed with them in Coral Gables in 1931, and he returned there often, moving permanently to Florida in 1936. In his last years, he completed a post office mural in Short Hills, New Jersey (no longer extant), but he focused primarily on painting the Florida landscape.Depressed and in declining health, he drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1939, apparently while swimming on Miami Beach. Friends wondered if <mask>'s death had been a suicide. <mask>'s work is little-known today compared to that of many of his friends and associates, but his best paintings can be found in the collections of many North American art museums. Robert Henri insisted that, among landscape artists, he was "the biggest we have had since Winslow Homer." Duncan Phillips referred to him as a "great romanticist." Aside from their qualities as well-made landscapes, <mask>'s works have an interesting secondary life today as a record of the twilight of pastoral Manhattan. The Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, in <mask>'s 1903 painting of that title, is being erected in the midst of a woodland not far from the campus of Columbia University and the roar of the El.His Washington Heights of springtime foliage and glens and rowboats is today a thriving Dominican neighborhood, robustly urban, packed with people and buildings, subject of the Broadway musical In the Heights. <mask>'s paintings remind viewers of a world that vanished entirely in the space of a few decades. Notes

Sources
Berry-Hill, Henry and <mask> <mask>: American Impressionist 1873-1939. Leigh-on-Sea, 1968. Brown, Milton. American Painting from the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955.Karpiscak, Adeline Lee. <mask>, 1873-1939, A retrospective Exhibition. Tucson: University of Arizona Museum of Art, 1979. Leeds, Valerie Ann. From Prose to Poetry: The Landscapes of <mask>, Fine Art Connoisseur, 3 (September/October 2006). Leeds, Valerie Ann. <mask>.New York: Gerald Peters Gallery, 2000. Perlman, Bennard B. Painters of the Ashcan School: The Immortal Eight. New York: Dover, 1979. Wierich, Jochen, "<mask>: Nostalgia for Landscape" in Elizabeth Kennedy, The Eight and American Modernisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. External links

Image of <mask> <mask> artworks on Art Stack
<mask> artwork examples on AskART

1873 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Canadian painters
19th-century American painters
Artists from Nova Scotia
Canadian Impressionist painters
American Impressionist painters
American male painters
Canadian male painters
20th-century American painters
20th-century Canadian painters
Modern painters
Canadian landscape painters
American landscape painters
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Art Students League of New York alumni
Alumni of the Académie Julian
People from Coral Gables, Florida
People from Halifax, Nova Scotia
1939 suicides
Deaths by drowning
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Unsolved deaths

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title: Juan Rivera (wrongful conviction)

type: original

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<mask><mask>. (born October 31, 1972) is an American man who was wrongfully convicted three times for the 1992 rape and murder of 11-year-old Holly Staker in Waukegan, Illinois. He was convicted twice on the basis of a confession that he said was coerced. No physical evidence linked him to the crime scene. In 2015 he received a $20 million settlement from Lake County, Illinois for wrongful conviction, formerly the largest settlement of its kind in United States history. DNA testing done in 2004 on semen taken from the crime scene ruled out <mask> as the source. However, the prosecution argued that Staker had been sexually active and the semen sample came from her previous consensual sex with another man. <mask> was convicted a third time.His conviction was overturned by the appellate court. Because the court ruled that there had been insufficient evidence adduced at trial to sustain a conviction, the Double Jeopardy Clause barred prosecutors from retrying <mask>. He was released from prison after serving 20 years. After his release, <mask>'s attorneys asked the courts to order genetic testing on <mask>'s shoes. The prosecution had tried to enter these into evidence in 1993. The shoes had Staker's blood on them, but the prosecution withdrew the evidence prior to <mask>'s first trial when they learned that the shoes had not been available for sale anywhere in the United States until after the murder. DNA testing conducted on the shoes in 2014 indicated that the blood belonged to Staker, but it also contained another genetic sample.The DNA in this matched the semen sample from Staker. <mask>'s defense team insists that this is proof not only that the blood was planted, but that the real killer's DNA was inadvertently planted as well. The DNA has yet to be matched to an individual, but it has been linked to DNA from the scene of a home invasion and murder in 2000 in Chicago by three men. Only one man of the three has been identified; he was convicted of that crime and is in prison. He claims to have been wrongfully convicted. Following his exoneration, <mask> sued the city of Waukegan and Lake County; he was awarded $20 million, at its time, the largest wrongful conviction settlement in United States history. This amount included $2 million from John E. Reid & Associates.<mask> was given two polygraph examinations by a Reid employee. He was reported as exhibiting general deception during the examination and subsequently admitted that he did lie to the test question about his alibi, but continued to deny any involvement in the death of Holly Staker. Over the next several days he was interrogated by law enforcement. Murder of Holly Staker
On August 17, 1992, police received a call from a woman in Waukegan, Illinois, who reported that the babysitter for her two children, 11-year-old Holly Staker, was missing and the back door to the apartment had been kicked in. Staker's partially clothed body was found on the floor of the children's bedroom. She had been raped, stabbed 27 times, and strangled. Vaginal and anal swabs tested positive for semen.Evidence technicians took fingerprints and blood samples found in the bedroom and near the kitchen sink, where it appeared someone had washed blood off their hands. Investigation
On September 29, 1992, police received a tip from a prison inmate that another inmate, Puerto Rican-born <mask>, believed he knew who killed Staker. According to the informant, <mask> told him he was at a party that night near the crime scene and saw a man acting suspiciously. <mask> was described by the police as friendly and cooperative when he was interviewed and agreed to provide samples of his blood and hair. He told police he was at a party near the crime scene, when another man, whom he identified as Robert Hurley, left the party more than once before later returning sweaty, out of breath, and with a fresh scratch. Further investigation revealed there was no party at the residence on August 17, leading to greater suspicion of <mask>. <mask> was questioned for many hours over the course of several days and eventually admitted to killing Staker.Following the confession, jail personnel saw <mask>, who had a history of mental illness, beating his head against the wall of his cell. A prison nurse determined that <mask> was in an acute psychotic state and was "not in touch with the reality of what was going on around him". Several hours later, detectives entered the room <mask> was in and had him sign the summary account taken by detectives. Detectives reviewed the statement and agreed that many details given by <mask> were inconsistent with the known facts of the crime; it was decided that two other members of the Task Force would re-interview <mask> to try to clear up these "inconsistencies". <mask>'s mental state had not improved by the time the next interview was to take place, so he was placed in heavy restraints and a prison psychiatrist prescribed Haldol, Cogentin, and Ativan. <mask> signed a rights waiver and the interrogation resumed. A detective told <mask> that "there were a lot of questions concerning facts" in his previous statement and that "he wanted to give Mr. <mask> an opportunity to tell the truth on some of those issues".During this interview, detectives suggested details such as, "She had a multi-colored shirt on, right, <mask>?" He had previously misidentified her clothing. The confession that was eventually settled on was closer to the known facts about the crime, but still contained a number of inconsistencies with the crime scene. No physical evidence was found linking him to the crime, and the fingerprints taken from the crime scene did not match <mask>. At the time of the crime, <mask> was wearing an electronic monitor from a previous conviction. Electronic monitoring system records showed that <mask> did not leave his home on August 17, 1992. Phone records also showed a call from <mask>'s home to a relative in Puerto Rico that evening.Trials
<mask> was charged with first-degree murder on the basis of his confession. He was convicted in November 1993. <mask>'s first conviction was overturned and he was retried in 1998. Taylor Arena, the child whom Staker had been babysitting, testified at this trial. Arena, who was 2 years old at the time of Staker's murder and 8 at the time of the retrial, testified that she remembered the events of the evening and identified <mask> as the man who had attacked Staker. After four days of deliberation, the jury acquitted him of the first-degree murder charge, but convicted him on three other murder counts. He was sentenced to life without parole.DNA testing
In 2004, <mask> filed a motion to test the DNA from the vaginal swabs taken from the crime scene. The motion was granted and DNA testing excluded <mask> as the source of the semen sample. <mask>'s conviction was vacated a second time. Despite the DNA evidence, prosecutors made the controversial decision to retry the case. They argued that Staker may have been sexually active or that lab technicians mishandled the DNA. Defense experts noted that if Staker had intercourse prior to the fatal attack, semen would have been found on her underwear. Tests on her undergarments were negative for sperm.Her twin sister denied that Holly was sexually active. On April 13, 2009, <mask>'s third jury trial began. On May 8, the jury found <mask> guilty and he was sentenced to life in prison for the third time. Conviction overturned
In December 2011, <mask>'s conviction was overturned a third and final time. The appellate court criticized the confession, noting the complete absence of any information that was not previously known to members of the investigation team. Each time <mask> gave information that was not already known, the information proved to be false. For example, <mask> claimed to have burned his clothing in a specific dumpster; there was no evidence of a previous fire in that dumpster.He also told investigators that there was another child at the a when there was only a 2-year-old girl. The only details <mask> was able to give investigators that could be corroborated were details that were already known to them. The appellate court criticized the prosecution for dismissing the DNA evidence. The prosecution presented two possible theories as to how the DNA could eliminate <mask>: contamination and previous sex with another man. Regarding the contamination theory, where the prosecution speculated that no sperm was recovered from the autopsy, but someone else's sperm came in contact with the swab sometime later, the courts dismissed it as "highly improbable". The courts similarly dismissed the theory that the victim was sexually active. The evidence presented by the prosecution to support Staker's being sexually active was evidence concerning an incident when she was molested at the age of 8 and an incident of masturbation, and extensive testimony about a pair of red lace panties that she owned.The defense argued that this evidence should never have been introduced because it violated the rape shield law. Typically, this law is invoked by prosecutors to limit the argument by the defense that the victim is the "type of person" who is more likely to engage in sexual activity; however, the law also bars prosecutors from presenting the same type of evidence. Regarding the State's theories on why the DNA did not match, the court wrote:

The State's theories distort to an absurd degree the real and undisputed testimony that the sperm was deposited shortly before the victim died. Simply put, the State's rationalizations of how the DNA from "Unidentified Male #1" came to be found in the victim's body and why none of the defendant's DNA appeared in or around the victim or anywhere at the crime scene cannot save a conviction obtained on a theory of a violent sexual assault and murder. The State did not present any evidence that the victim was in a relationship with anyone. The most reasonable explanation, therefore, of who murdered the victim is not the defendant but rather someone who, unfortunately, has not yet been identified. The trial judge was also criticized for precluding the defense from presenting multiple pieces of exculpatory evidence, including testimony from experts regarding false confessions.Several risk factors were present in this case, including a history of mental illness, his mental state during the interrogation, and multiple interrogation techniques that are known to increase the likelihood of a false confession. The jury was also led to believe that <mask> failed a polygraph test. The defense was precluded from telling the jury the actual results, which were inconclusive. Following the reversal, the appellate court took the extraordinary step of barring prosecutors from retrying the defendant. Knife
In 2014, former Waukegan police chief Dan Greathouse, who is handling the re-investigation of the Staker case, told <mask>'s attorneys that a knife was found a decade before near the crime scene. In 1994, a neighbor uprooted a bush between his house and the murder scene and found a serrated knife. <mask>'s attorneys were not notified about the existence of the weapon, and the police destroyed it without any testing.In the original investigation, police found a broken, straight-edged knife in a nearby yard. No physical evidence connected the weapon to the crime, but prosecutors argued that it was the murder weapon. <mask> confessed that he had broken the knife during the crime and then discarded it. According to Russell Ainsworth, one of <mask>'s lawyers:
The knife is hugely important. It's the potential murder weapon in the case. It could have had the real killer's DNA on it, and it could exclude without any doubt the notion that <mask> had anything to do with this case. To destroy evidence without giving the defense the chance to test it goes against any sense of fairness and justice.<mask>'s lawyers said that a forensic expert they consulted ruled that Staker's wounds point to a knife with a serrated blade rather than a straight edge. Shoes
After <mask>'s conviction was overturned, his attorney sought to conduct further genetic testing on a piece of evidence that prosecutors attempted to introduce at his trial in 1993: a pair of shoes owned by <mask> that were found to have Staker's blood on them. The police collected the shoes a few weeks after <mask>'s arrest from a fellow inmate; <mask> had traded his shoes to the man in exchange for a television set. Prosecutors announced that they would introduce this critical piece of the only physical evidence linking <mask> to the crime. An investigation by the defense revealed that the Voit sneakers, made in Hong Kong, were not available for purchase in the United States until sometime after the murder. The defense took the further step of contacting the Walmart store where the shoes had been purchased and obtained proof that <mask>'s purchase took place after the murder. Prosecutors withdrew the evidence.In 2015, a federal judge ordered DNA testing to investigate the allegations of evidence tampering. The results showed that the blood on the shoes belonged to Staker, and that it contained a second genetic one that matched the semen sample taken from the crime scene. "The only realistic inference from the foregoing evidence is that someone endeavored to plant Holly Staker's blood on Mr. <mask>'s Voit shoes and in doing so inadvertently planted both her blood there and the blood of the as-yet unidentified killer", said <mask>'s attorney. Murder of Delwin Foxworth
In 2014 when DNA testing was conducted on evidence from the Staker crime scene, a match was found with DNA taken from evidence in the murder in 2000 of a North Chicago, Illinois man. Thirty-nine-year-old Delwin Foxworth was reportedly attacked by three burglars in his North Chicago home in January 2000. He was held at gunpoint and tied up before being beaten with a board, doused with gasoline, and set on fire. He was able to extinguish the flames and seek help, but he later died in August 2002 as a result of his injuries.Foxworth's girlfriend, who had witnessed the attack, identified Marvin Tyrone Williford as the killer. Williford was tried largely on that eyewitness testimony; he never confessed and no physical evidence linked him to the crime. Williford was convicted of the murder of Foxworth and is serving an 80-year sentence. His DNA was excluded from that found in a blood sample on the board used in the Foxworth attack. Williford's attorneys insist that the DNA from the Staker crime scene, which matches that in blood from the board used to beat Foxworth, proves that Williford is innocent of the latter attack. The two other suspects in the Foxworth case have not been identified. "While Mr. <mask> fought to clear his name and officials fought to keep him in prison, the man who really committed the crime was free to commit this additional crime", said Steven Art, one of <mask>'s attorneys."It's the antithesis of good policing in our society. The community suffers as well". The DNA profile has been entered into criminal databases, but has not yet been identified. Settlement
After serving 20 years in prison, <mask> filed a federal civil rights case against officials of the city of Waukegan and Lake County for wrongful conviction. He received a US$20 million settlement, at the time the largest-ever settlement for a wrongful conviction in U.S. history. City attorney Steve Martin told the city council that the city's portion, $7.5 million, was
the best economic decision the city could make in this case. We all agreed that this was an excellent settlement for the city of Waukegan.I understand it's a lot of money, but considering the downside that could have occurred in a courtroom with the case, it was felt economically, it would be extremely beneficial to the city to pay out that amount of money. The settlement included a payment of $2 million from John E. Reid & Associates, who are known for the Reid technique. <mask> was taken to Reid headquarters in Chicago twice for polygraph tests; the results form the first test were inconclusive, but on the second test <mask> was reported as exhibiting general deception and subsequently admitted that he did lie to the test question about his alibi, but continued to deny any involvement in the death of Holly Staker. Over the next several days he was interrogated by law enforcement. See also
List of wrongful convictions in the United States
Innocence Project

References

People wrongfully convicted of murder
People from Illinois
Overturned convictions in the United States
Evidence tampering
People from Waukegan, Illinois
1972 births
Crime in Illinois
Living people
20th-century Puerto Rican people

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title: Alberto Aquilani

texts:
<mask> (; born 7 July 1984) is an Italian football manager and former player. Mainly a central midfielder, he usually operated as a deep-lying playmaker, but was also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder. He is the head coach of Fiorentina Primavera. <mask> began his career with Italian side Roma and, after a brief loan spell at Triestina, returned to the Serie A club where he became a regular in the Roma side during the 2005–06 season, earning the nickname "Il Principino" (The Little Prince), due to his resemblance to former Roma legend Giuseppe Giannini, both in terms of appearance and playing style, who was known as "Il Principe" (The Prince). During the following season, he suffered a thigh injury and was ruled out for several months. In 2007 and 2008 he won consecutive Coppa Italia titles with Roma, as well as the 2007 Supercoppa Italiana. He moved to English club Liverpool for the start of the 2009–10 season but in August 2010, having received only limited playing time at Anfield due to injury, he returned to Italy and joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season.Aquilani returned to Liverpool at the end of the season as Juventus did not take up their purchase option. He went on loan again in 2011, playing for Italian club Milan for the 2011–12 season, and was subsequently sold to Fiorentina in 2012, where he remained until his transfer to Portuguese club Sporting CP in 2015; he returned to Italy in 2016, joining Pescara, and was later loaned to Sassuolo for the second half the season. In 2017, he joined Spanish club Las Palmas, but was released by the club at the end of the season. After a year without a club, he announced his retirement in 2019. Internationally, <mask> has represented Italy at various youth levels, while at senior level, he made his full international début in November 2006 in a 1–1 draw against Turkey. In total, he made 38 appearances for Italy between 2006 and 2014, scoring 5 goals, and also took part at Euro 2008, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup (winning a bronze medal in the tournament), and the 2014 FIFA World Cup with the Italian senior team. Club career

Roma

In 2001, when Aquilani was 17, Chelsea and Arsenal offered him contracts, but he declined the offers to continue playing for his youth club Roma.He made his debut in Serie A at the age of 18 on 10 May 2002 under then manager Fabio Capello against Torino. Roma won that game 3–1. He was loaned to Serie B club Triestina for the 2003–04 season to gain first team experience. Returning to Roma in the 2004–05 season, he broke into the starting XI. On 31 March 2005 Aquilani signed a new 5-year contract with Roma, which worth €1.1M, €1.25M, €1.48M, €1.61M and €1.79M respectively from 2005–10 in gross annually. In the 2005–06 season, he scored the second goal in the derby victory on 26 February 2006, a victory in which Roma broke the record for the most consecutive wins in Serie A, a record later broken by Internazionale in the 2006–07 season. In the following season, Aquilani was expected to be one of Roma's best players.He was given the number 8 shirt previously worn by Matteo Ferrari. Unfortunately, an injury forced him out of the game for several months. Aquilani returned to the field in May 2007 and featured in three games towards the end of the season, including the last two. He scored two long range goals in the first two matches of the 2007–08 season against Palermo and Siena. Although he was injured in October 2007, he returned to the squad in January 2008. <mask> was injured again on 22 October 2008 against Chelsea. He returned to action on 11 January 2009 against Milan but picked up another injury in February.Although he played against Arsenal as a last minute substitute on 11 March 2009, he did not play any part for the rest of the season. On 26 May 2009, Aquilani signed a new contract with Roma until 2013, adding three more years to previous deal. He was offered an annual gross salary of €3.2 million for 2008–09 season; €3.6 million in 2009–10 season; €3.9 million in 2010–11 season and ultimately €4.2 million in the last two-year of the contract. Liverpool
On 5 August 2009, Liverpool announced that they had agreed a deal with Roma for the transfer of Aquilani, subject to a medical test. The club subsequently announced that the player had passed the medical test and signed a five-year contract on 7 August 2009. Roma revealed that the fee was €20 million (£17 million) plus sporting bonus. <mask> was handed the number 4 shirt, last worn by Sami Hyypiä, who joined Bayer Leverkusen at the end of the 2008–09 season.<mask> made his Liverpool reserves debut with a 15-minute substitute appearance in a 2–0 win against Sunderland reserves on 21 October 2009. His first game for Liverpool was a 2–1 4th round League Cup defeat to Arsenal, coming on in the 77th minute for Damien Plessis. He made his Premier League debut on 9 November, as a late substitute against Birmingham City in a 2–2 draw. <mask> made his first start against Fiorentina in a Champions League match on 9 December 2009, where Liverpool lost 2–1. <mask> made his first Premier League start against Wolves on 26 December 2009 and received a standing ovation from the Kop when he was substituted in the 84th minute for Daniel Pacheco. <mask> next started for Liverpool in their 2–0 win over Bolton Wanderers, where he got his second assist for Liverpool, again setting up Dirk Kuyt. He scored his first goal for Liverpool on 15 March 2010 against Portsmouth and he also assisted Fernando Torres for the fourth Liverpool goal.He was voted man of the match by the fans on Liverpool's official website. Aquilani also gained the man of the match award in his next Liverpool league start, against Fulham in a goalless draw at Anfield. In his next start for Liverpool he finished the match with three assists during a 4–0 away win against Burnley On 29 April 2010 he scored a goal against Atlético Madrid in the Europa League, cancelling out Atlético's first leg goal from Diego Forlán by scoring moments before half-time. Despite a great performance from Aquilani on the night, Liverpool eventually went out of the semi-finals on the away goal rule after Yossi Benayoun had put Liverpool 2–0 up, as Forlán scored his second of the tie in exta-time to take the aggregate score to 2–2. Aquilani won the LFC Man of the Match award again after his performance. Aquilani also played in Liverpool's last 2 games of the season, a 2–0 defeat at the hands of Chelsea at Anfield and a goalless draw away to Hull City at the KC Stadium. In total, Aquilani played 26 times in his debut season for the reds, scoring twice but rarely playing the full 90 minutes.With the departure of Rafael Benítez in June 2010, new manager Roy Hodgson played him in the pre-season, but stated publicly in mid-August that Aquilani may go back to his native Italy on loan for a full season, where he could gain match fitness through regular appearances. Juventus (loan)
On 21 August 2010, a deal between Liverpool and Juventus was agreed, to allow Aquilani to go on a one-season loan deal to Juventus with an option of a permanent move. He made his debut for the Bianconeri on 12 September in a 3–3 draw with Sampdoria from coming on as a substitute for Simone Pepe. He came on as a sub again on 23 September in a 3–1 home defeat to Sicilian club Palermo. His first start for the club came on 26 September in a 4–2 win against Cagliari. After that Aquilani played 80 minutes against reigning champions Internazionale in a goalless draw before he scored his first goal for the club on 17 October in a 4–0 home win against Lecce two weeks later. He played his first full 90 minutes away to Bologna in another 0–0 draw.On 5 February, he played the full 90 minutes in a 3–1 away win over Cagliari with his next match being against Inter in a 1–0 win. On 21 April, Kenny Dalglish claimed Aquilani still had a future at Liverpool, despite claims that he wanted to remain in Italy. Aquilani returned to Liverpool after Juventus decided against making his transfer permanent. Milan (loan)
On 4 July 2011, Aquilani started pre-season training with Liverpool, though his agent later confirmed that his wish was to stay at Juventus in Serie A. He was included in the squad's pre-season tour of Asia and marked his return to the team in a friendly against Guangdong Sunray Cave on 13 July. He subsequently impressed against a Malaysian XI on 16 July 2011. On 25 August 2011, Aquilani joined Milan on loan for the 2011–12 season with Milan having an option to make the move permanent at the end of the season, despite pulling a string of impressive performances during the pre-season tour in Asia.Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish paid tribute to Aquilani on his departure, stating that the only reason for the loan was an inability to fit the player into the team's preferred formation. Damien Comolli, Liverpool director of football, said, "I want to pay tribute to the way <mask> has conducted himself during these discussions. Throughout the entire process, his only desire has been to play football and he has put this ahead of any other considerations and at personal cost to himself." Aquilani made his debut for the Rossoneri in the opening game of the 2011–12 season against Lazio, and had an immediate impact by being involved in the build-up for Milan's first goal with a neat pass to Antonio Cassano, and assisting the second goal himself from a corner-kick. On 13 September 2011, he made his European debut for Milan in the UEFA Champions League against FC Barcelona at the Camp Nou, coming off the bench to help Milan secure a 2–2 draw. On 18 September 2011, <mask> scored his first goal for Milan in his second Serie A match for the club, heading home a cross from Cassano to open the scoring against Napoli at the San Paolo in Naples. Fiorentina
Aquilani returned to Liverpool for pre-season training in preparation for their 2012–13 season.He was included in the squad for Liverpool's pre-season tour of North America and played 45 minutes in the opening match against Toronto FC. The club accepted an undisclosed fee for the midfielder from Fiorentina in Italy, and his transfer was completed on 3 August 2012. Following the transfer, Aquilani averred that only an excessive price that Liverpool had placed on him had prevented him completing permanent moves to Milan and Juventus following his successful loan spells. Fiorentina revealed that Aquilani had only cost the club €790,000 as other cost. Liverpool allowed Aquilani to leave the club for free thus Roma also received nothing from the bonus clause. On 26 January 2014 in a match against Genoa Aquilani scored his first career hat-trick in a thrilling 3–3 draw. Aquilani reached the 2014 Coppa Italia Final with Fiorentina that season, where they were defeated by Napoli.The following season, Fiorentina finished the league in fourth place for a third consecutive season, while also reaching the semi-finals of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. Sporting CP
Following the conclusion of the 2014–15 season with Fiorentina, Aquilani became a free agent after his contract was not renewed. In August 2015, he signed with Portuguese club Sporting CP on a three-year contract, reportedly worth €1 million per season. Pescara
On 26 August 2016, Aquilani signed with Pescara. Sassuolo (loan)
On 3 January 2017, Aquilani signed with Sassuolo on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season. Las Palmas
On 25 August 2017 and following his departure from Pescara, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Spanish La Liga side Las Palmas. In July 2018, following the club's relegation, Aquilani was released from his contract.On 28 June 2019, after one season without a club, <mask> announced his retirement. International career
At youth level, <mask> was capped for Italy at 2001 UEFA European Under-16 Championship qualifying. He won 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship with Italy and scored one goal, later being named the tournament's best player. He was then promoted to the U21 team and took part in 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying, but missed out on the final tournament due to injury. <mask> made his senior debut on 15 November 2006 in a 1–1 friendly against Turkey. He played as a regular during the 2007 U-21 Championship held in the Netherlands, scoring two goals, and being named in the "UEFA Team of the Tournament". Italy finished 5th and qualified for the 2008 Olympics.He was named to the 23-man roster for Euro 2008, his first major international tournament. He came on as a sub in Italy's third game of the tournament, which was a 2–0 victory over France. He started Italy's quarter-final match against Spain due to the suspensions of Andrea Pirlo and Gennaro Gattuso. Italy lost 4–2 in a penalty shootout after a goalless draw after extra time. <mask> scored his first goal for Italy during the 2010 World Cup qualification match against Montenegro on 15 October 2008, a tally he doubled later in the same match. In spite of this, the national team manager Marcello Lippi opted not to include him in the 23-man Italian squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign, <mask> played his first game in a 1–0 away win against Slovenia on 25 March 2011, playing for the full 90 minutes.He also started in Italy's next match at home against Estonia on 3 June, but came off in the first half of the 3–0 win due to a head injury. On 10 August 2011, he scored his third international goal with the late winner in a friendly against defending world champions Spain. Aquilani took part at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup under manager Cesare Prandelli, where Italy managed a third-place finish; in the victorious bronze medal match against Uruguay, he converted a penalty in the resulting shoot-out. On 11 October 2013, Aquilani scored the late equalizing goal in Italy's 2–2 away draw against Denmark during the team's 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign; this was his fifth goal for Italy. He was an unused member of Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, as the Italians suffered a group-stage elimination. Style of play
<mask> was a modern, hard-working and versatile playmaker who was capable of functioning in a number of midfield roles, from a holding role as a deep-lying playmaker, to a more advanced trequartista or attacking midfielder. His favoured position was that of an offensive-minded central midfielder or box-to-box midfielder, a position known as the "mezz'ala" role, in Italy, which enabled him to make late attacking runs from behind into the penalty area or create space for team-mates with his movement, despite his lack of notable pace or physicality; he was also used on the wing, or even as a wing-back on occasion.With the Italy national team, he was also deployed in a different role, as a false-attacking midfielder on occasion, under manager Cesare Prandelli. Throughout his career, Aquilani drew praise for his vision, creativity, technique, quick incisive passing, which enabled him to dictate the tempo of his team's plays in midfield, and was also noted for his energy and long-range shooting ability with either foot. Due to his eye for goal, height, and heading accuracy, he was also effective in the air, and was also accurate from set-pieces, which enabled him to contribute to his team's offensive play with additional goals from midfield. Despite his talent in his youth, he was often injury prone throughout his career, which limited his playing time and affected his fitness and consistency, and as a result, he has been accused by some in the sport of not living up to his initial potential. Managerial career
On 11 July 2019, <mask> was announced as the head coach of Fiorentina's under-18 team, remaining in that position until December, when he joined the first team staff as an assistant to Giuseppe Iachini. On 19 July 2020, he was appointed as head coach of the Primavera squad. On 26 August 2020, the side successfully defended the Coppa Italia Primavera title, beating Hellas Verona 1–0 in the final.Personal life
Aquilani married Michela Quattrociocche on 4 July 2012. Together, they have two daughters: Aurora (b. 18 April 2011) and Diamante (b. 3 November 2014). On 11 May 2020, it was announced that the two had separated. Career statistics

Club

1Europe includes UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League
2Other includes Supercoppa Italiana, Football League Cup, Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, and Taça da Liga

International
Updated to games played 18 November 2014.

International goals
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first. Honours

Club
Roma
 Coppa Italia: 2006–07, 2007–08
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2007

International
Italy
 FIFA Confederations Cup: Third place 2013

Italy U-19
 UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2003

Individual
 UEFA European Under-19 Championship Player of the Tournament: 2003
 UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2007

References

External links

 LFChistory.net player profile

 FIGC National Team Archive

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Rome
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
Italy international footballers
Italian expatriate footballers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Association football midfielders
A.S. Roma players
U.S. Triestina Calcio 1918 players
Liverpool F.C.players
Juventus F.C. players
A.C. Milan players
ACF Fiorentina players
Sporting CP footballers
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
U.S. Sassuolo Calcio players
UD Las Palmas players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Premier League players
Primeira Liga players
La Liga players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
UEFA Euro 2008 players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Italian football managers

masks:
Alberto Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Alberto
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani


title: Ruthild Hahne

texts:
<mask> (19 December 1910 - 1 September 2001) was a German sculptor. Her most productive phase coincided with the early years of the  German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Life

Provenance and early years
<mask> was born in Berlin. Her father is variously described as a businessman and as a factory owner. Elsewhere her parents are described as distant and domineering. She grew up in a prosperous household in a substantial family home in Berlin's Schmöckwitz quarter. The household included a housekeeper, a gardener and a chauffeur.She attended the single-sex secondary school in the city's Neukölln quarter. While she was there someone lent her a book by Karl Marx which she took home and read. Uncomprehending but captivated, this in due course triggered Hahne's enduring commitment to socialist values which was at variance with her parents' middle-class conservatism. Career choices
On leaving school she trained as an gymnastics-orthopedics teacher, and for several years worked as a gymnastics teacher, pursuing this career till 1936. Despite her background she had already made contact with elements of the labour movement and Communist Party. In 1930 she first met Jean Weidt, and in the early 1930s was a member of Weidt's expressionist "Red Dancers" company. Between 1931 and 1933 she took part in performances at Communist Party events.In 1933 she even took part in the first Theatre Olympiad Review in Moscow. However, 1933 was also the year in which, in January, the political backdrop was transformed when the Nazi Party took power and converted Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Jean Weidt himself fled abroad in May 1933, and <mask> <mask>'s parallel career as a member of a communist expressionist dance company came to an end. A couple of years later she quit her teaching job, and between 1936 and 1940 studied sculpture at the Berlin Arts Academy. Here she eventually became a "master student" of . Another of her teachers was Arno Breker, who was by now becoming a high-profile government supporter. In 1940/41 she received a bursary to study at the Villa Massimo art institute in Rome.This period saw her produce her classically formed small sculptures and portraits of children. Resistance
Wilhelm Gerstel's other master students included Fritz Cremer and . After the coming to power of the Nazis it was through these fellow students that Huhne came into contact with  with whom she fell in love. In 1941 they moved in together. Since 1938 <mask> <mask> had been identified by the Gestapo as a member of the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle"), a classification used by the authorities that included those believed to be involved in political activism or espionage activities on behalf of the Soviet Union. In the case of the Berlin Arts Academy there was indeed a resistance group among the arts students and Ruthild <mask>, reflecting her socialist beliefs, participated in it. Her apartment at Nachodstraße 20 in the Berlin quarter of Wilmersdorf became a meeting point for resistance members and appears to have been one of the places where she worked with comrades on production of "Die innere Front" ("The Home Front"), an illegal anti-government news-sheet.In Autumn 1942 the resistance cell was uncovered and its members were arrested on 21 October 1942. They faced the special "people's court" on 21 August 1943 and were convicted of performing illegal actions. <mask>'s partner, Wolfgang Thiess, was sentenced to death and executed on 9 September 1943. <mask> Hahne received a prison sentence of slightly less than five years. By this time, however, the world war had turned against Germany and the Soviet army had started a long advance from the east that would culminate in the capture of Berlin. In February 1945 <mask> was able to escape from the women's prison in Cottbus where she was being held:  she now joined up with the Red army. War ended in May 1945 and in June 1945 <mask> Hahne returned to Berlin, penniless but free.She now lost no time in joining the Communist Party of Germany and when, in April 1946, within what would later become East Germany the party was controversially merged to form the new Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED), she was among the thousands who lost no time in signing their membership across to what quickly evolved to become the ruling party for a new kind of German dictatorship. Sculptor
With Berlin now surrounded by the Soviet occupation zone, and the eastern part of the city administered as part of it, Hahne acquired an apartment in what was becoming the Breitenbach Square (Breitenbachplatz) artists' quarter. Between 1946 and 1950 she worked as a teacher at the Applied Arts Academy (later better known as the Weißensee Arts Academy), of which some sources identify her as a co-founder. In her first major exhibition, held in the Arsenal Museum (Zeughaus) she included a Head of Lenin which, according to her son, created a stir. It showed not merely the familiar power and energy of the man, but also a less familiar warmth and  approachability. This opened the way to a career as a portrait sculptor, with busts of national heroes such as Karl Liebknecht (1950) and political leaders such as Wilhelm Pieck (1960) and even Walter Ulbricht (1963) that were displayed in schools and ministries. In October 1949 the Soviet occupation zone was relaunched as  the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), and Hahne's political portrait-busts were and also presented as gifts to leaders of the new country's "socialist brother nations".Along with her more directly political portraiture, Hahne also produced more portrait-busts of children. In 1953 Ruthild Hahne beat 182 rivals in a competition to provide a vast memorial to the former Communist leader Ernst Thälmann, to be placed what became, till 1986, Thälmann Square (Thälmannplatz). The work in some ways represented a career highlight, but was never completed. A succession of practical challenges delayed the project which then received its deathblow in 1961 with the erection of the Berlin Wall directly adjacent to its intended location. By this time, too, tastes had changed, and even in East Germany the imposing scale of the proposed memorial led to its characterisation in one official report as a "vulgar superficially illustrative realist construct" ("vulgäre, äußerlich illustrative Realismusauffassung"). There was also personal criticism of Hahne's "sinecure" based life style. Hahne was finally obliged to end work on the project in 1965:  in the end, it was not till 1986 that a new national leader, Erich Honecker sanctioned Berlin's official public memorial to Thälmann , but it was placed in a different location and produced by a different artist, comrade Lev Kerbel.After the long-running saga of the Thälmann Square memorial, Hahne's public profile was somewhat diminished. She nevertheless continued to produce portrait busts, notably of the writers Bruno Apitz (1966) and Kurt Stern (1968). In 1971, which coincidentally or not was the year in which Walter Ulbricht lost power, Ruthild <mask> was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver. It was only in 1985 that she was able to hold her first personal exhibition. Legacy
Ruthild <mask>'s legacy has been nurtured by her adopted son, Dr. <mask>. Between 09.00 and 15.00 he works as an Egyptologist, studying hieroglyphs. The second part of the afternoon he devotes to his mother's former studio, where he still lives and curates what has become a private museum where in 2008 it was reported that visitors could sometimes take the opportunity study Ruthild <mask>'s work.Parts of the Thälmann memorial to which she devoted so many years were destroyed after 1965. Others, including notably a half sized image of Thälmann and a group of "workers and peasants" positioned behind him, can still be seen at the studio-museum curated by her son at house number 201/1 in Berlin-Niederschönhausen. The Berlin Märkische Museum also houses two quarter-sized sections of Huhne's frieze design for the memorial. References

1910 births
2001 deaths
Artists from Berlin
20th-century German sculptors
Communists in the German Resistance
People condemned by Nazi courts
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
People from East Berlin

masks:
Ruthild Hahne
Ruthd Hahne
Ruthild
Hahne
Ruthild
Hahne
Hahne
Hahne
Ruthild
Hahne
Ruthilde
Hahne
Hahne
Stefan Hahne
Hahne


title: Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper

texts:
<mask> (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced salvage officer. Her major salvage projects include de-stranding the tanker Exxon Houston off the coast of Barbers Point, on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and developing the plan for the Peruvian Navy salvage of the Peruvian submarine . Stefanyshyn-Piper has received numerous honors and awards, such as the Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Commendation Medals, and two Navy Achievement Medals. She has flown on two Space Shuttle missions, STS-115 and STS-126, during which she completed five spacewalks totaling 33 hours and 42 minutes. As of , she ranks 39th on the all-time list of space walkers by duration.Early life and education
Stefanyshyn-Piper was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, of Ukrainian-American heritage. Her father, Michael (Mykhailo) Stefanyshyn, now deceased, was born in Polish-governed Halychyna (today in Ukraine), and sent to work in Germany during World War II. After the end of the war, he married a German woman and they both immigrated to the U.S. Stefanyshyn-Piper's mother, Adelheid Stefanyshyn, lived in St. Paul until her death in 2018. Stefanyshyn-Piper was raised in the Ukrainian cultural community of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, is a member of Plast – a Ukrainian scouting organization, and speaks Ukrainian. Stefanyshyn-Piper graduated in 1980 from what was then the all-girls Derham Hall High School in St. Paul, and holds Bachelor of Science (1984) and Master of Science (1985) degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a licensed ham radio operator with Technician License KD5TVR. Stefanyshyn-Piper married Glenn A. Piper, and they have one son, Michael, named after Piper's grandfather.Stefanyshyn-Piper hyphenated her surname after marriage to serve as a reminder of her family roots. Military career
Stefanyshyn-Piper received her commission from the Naval ROTC Program at MIT in June 1985. She completed training at the Naval Diving and Salvage Training Center in Panama City, Florida as a Navy Basic Diving Officer and Salvage Officer. During her Salvage tour, she participated in the de-stranding of the tanker Exxon Houston off the coast of Barbers Point in Hawaii. As of July 2009, Stefanyshyn-Piper was a Captain in the United States Navy. During her military career, she was awarded: the Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit medals, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Commendation Medals, two Navy Achievement Medals, and other service medals. NASA career
Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in April 1996, Stefanyshyn-Piper reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1996.After two years of training and evaluation, she qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist. Initially assigned to astronaut support duties for launch and landing, she has also served as lead Astronaut Office Representative for Payloads and in the Astronaut Office EVA branch. STS-115 - Atlantis (September 9–21, 2006)

Stefanyshyn-Piper flew her first mission on STS-115, aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis (launched September 9, 2006, and returned September 21), as a Mission Specialist and became only the 8th woman to perform a spacewalk (out of 180 total spacewalkers). Stefanyshyn-Piper's participation in two of the mission's three EVAs for a total of 12 hours, 8 minutes made her the second most experienced female spacewalker. She also became the first Minnesota woman to go into space. EVA One (Duration 5 hours, 26 minutes) — With astronaut Joe Tanner, Stefanyshyn-Piper conducted initial installation of the P3/P4 truss onto the space station. Connected power cables on the truss, released the launch restraints on the solar array blanket box, the Beta Gimbal Assembly, and the solar array wings.Configured the Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and removed two circuit interrupt devices to prepare for STS-116. Stefanyshyn-Piper became the seventh American woman to conduct a spacewalk. EVA Three (Duration 6 hours, 42 minutes) — With astronaut Joe Tanner, Stefanyshyn-Piper installed a radiator onto the P3/4 truss, powered up a cooling radiator for the new solar arrays, replaced an S-Band radio antenna, and installed insulation for another antenna. Tanner took photos of the shuttle's wings using an infrared camera to test the camera's ability to detect damage. During her pre-flight interview, she described her philosophy about human exploration of space:

Piper fainted twice during the STS-115 welcome home ceremony. The NASA flight surgeon who assisted her noted that "for a returning astronaut, the symptoms she experienced are very normal for what can occur during re-adaptation". NEEMO 12 (May 7–18, 2007)

Stefanyshyn-Piper was commander of the 12th expedition of NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO), a NASA program for studying human survival in the Aquarius underwater laboratory in preparation for future space exploration.STS-126 - Endeavour (November 14–30, 2008)

Stefanyshyn-Piper flew as a Mission Specialist on STS-126, aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour (launched November 14, 2008, and returned November 30), during which she participated in and was Lead Spacewalker on three of four spacewalks. The mission ended when Endeavour landed successfully at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Following Stefanyshyn-Piper's third spacewalk during STS-126, her fifth overall, her total time in EVA became 33 hours, 42 minutes, putting her in twenty-fifth place for total time in EVA. EVA One (Duration 6 hours, 52 minutes) — With astronaut Stephen G. Bowen, Stefanyshyn-Piper transferred an empty nitrogen tank assembly from ESP3 to the shuttle's cargo bay, transferred a new flex hose rotary coupler to ESP3 for future use, removed an insulation cover on the Kibo External Facility berthing mechanism, began cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ, and replacement of its 11 trundle bearing assemblies. EVA Two (Duration 6 hours, 45 minutes) — With astronaut Robert S. Kimbrough, Stefanyshyn-Piper relocated the two Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) carts from the starboard side of the Mobile Transporter to the port side, lubricated the station robotic arm's latching end effector A snare bearings, continued cleaning and lubrication of the starboard SARJ. EVA was conducted on the station's tenth anniversary. EVA Three (Duration 6 hours, 57 minutes) -- With astronaut Stephen G. Bowen, Stefanyshyn-Piper completed cleaning and lubrication of all but one of the trundle bearing assemblies (TBA) on the starboard SARJ.The final TBA was replaced during EVA 4. Lost tool bag during spacewalk

During the first EVA of STS-126 on November 18, 2008, as Stefanyshyn-Piper was preparing to begin work on the Solar Alpha Rotary Joint, she noticed a significant amount of grease in her tool bag. "I think we had a grease gun explode in the large bag, because there's grease in the bag," Stefanyshyn-Piper reported to Kimbrough, who was working inside the shuttle to help coordinate the EVA. Mission Control managers instructed Stefanyshyn-Piper to clean up the grease using a dry wipe, and while she was doing the cleanup, she accidentally pushed aside the bag. "I guess one of my crew lock bags was not transferred and it's loose," Stefanyshyn-Piper told Kimbrough. The bag floated aft and starboard of the station, and did not pose a risk to the station or orbiter. The bag and its contents entered Low Earth Orbit as space debris, where it eventually burned-up as it entered the Earth's atmosphere west of Mexico on August 3, 2009.When in orbit, it was visible from the ground using a telescope. After taking an inventory of the items inside the lost bag, managers on the ground determined that Bowen had all those items in his bag, and the two could share equipment. While it extended the EVA duration slightly, the major objectives were not changed. The estimated value of the equipment lost is US$100,000. During the Mission Status Briefing, lead International Space Station Flight Director Ginger Kerrick said that there was no way to know what caused the bag to come loose. "We don't know that this incident occurred because they forgot to tether something. We don't know if perhaps the hook just came loose inside the bag," Kerrick said."You've got to remember, we are working with humans here and we are prone to human error. We do the best we can, and we learn from our mistakes." Said Stefanyshyn-Piper of the incident, "that definitely was not the high point of the EVA. It was very disheartening to watch it float away." Retirement from NASA
In July 2009, Stefanyshyn-Piper retired from NASA's Astronaut Corps to return to her Navy duties. Fellow astronaut Steven Lindsey, Chief of the Astronaut Office at the Johnson Space Center in Houston, stated on her retirement: "Heide has been an outstanding astronaut, contributing significantly to the Space Shuttle and Space Station programs. In particular, her superb leadership as lead spacewalker during the STS-126 mission resulted in restoring full power generation capability to the International Space Station.We wish her the best of luck back in the Navy – she will be missed." She was awarded two NASA Space Flight Medals, and the NASA Exceptional Service Medal. In August 2009, Stefanyshyn-Piper reported to the Naval Sea Systems Command as the Chief Technology Officer. Further Navy career
On May 20, 2011 Captain Stefanyshyn-Piper became commander of the Carderock Division of the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Maryland. References

External links

Spacefacts.de biography of <mask> Stefanyshyn-Piper
 Heavens Above Orbit Information
 NASA biography July 2009

1963 births
Living people
Aquanauts
Women astronauts
United States Navy astronauts
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
American people of Ukrainian descent
American people of German descent
MIT School of Engineering alumni
United States Navy captains
American women engineers
Female United States Navy officers
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal
Amateur radio people
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Engineers from Minnesota
Spacewalkers
21st-century American women
Military personnel from Minnesota

masks:
Heidemarie Martha Stefanyshyn Piper
Heidemarie


title: Brinolfo Algotsson

texts:
<mask> ( – 6 February 1317) was a Swedish Catholic prelate and theologian who served as the Bishop of Skara from 1278 until his death. He was descended from nobles and studied for almost two decades in Paris at the college there before returning to his homeland as a dean and canon prior to his episcopal nomination. He was diligent in his work in reforming the education of schools and the overall reorganization of his episcopal see. He was forced into a brief exile (with his father and some brothers imprisoned or killed in that time) but was able to continue his work upon his return. Upon his death he was known to be hailed as a saint with dozens of miracles reported both during and after his life with some reported at the site of his tomb in the diocesan cathedral. There were several processes and commissions set up to collect testimonies and documents to support his cause for canonization with an appeal made to the Council of Constance to declare him as such; canonization did not occur during the council, but Pope Martin V encouraged and endorsed the cause. Pope Innocent VIII approved for his relics to be translated which occurred during the pontificate of his successor Pope Alexander VI on 16 August 1492 which acted as a "de facto" canonization despite the fact no formal canonization was celebrated despite attempts to convince the pontiff to do so.<mask> <mask> was born in the 1240s or 1230s - but no later than 1248 - in Västergötland as the second of eight sons born to the nobleman Algot Brinolfsson (1220-1302) and Margareta Petersdotter (b. 1235). His siblings were:
 Magnus (1259-1309)
 Karl (d. 1289)
 Folke ( 1263–1310)
 Bengt (d. 1308)
 Rörik
 Peter
 Nils

He was educated in the cathedral school in Skara before being sent to pursue ecclesial studies in Paris at the college there for almost two decades where he heard the Dominican friar Thomas Aquinas give lectures. He became noted for his extensive learning as well as his background in canon law and overall theological studies. He also underwent philosophical studies and science while at the college. Upon his return to his homeland he was ordained to the priesthood and appointed as the dean for the Linköping chapter and the canon for Skara prior to being appointed as the Bishop of Skara in 1278 which Pope Nicholas III confirmed; he later received his episcopal consecration as a bishop around that time. He was enthroned in his episcopal see in the spring of 1279 and began his mission to renew his diocese.In 1281 he issued a charter which governed various tithes in addition to fining fellow prelates for various crimes committed should guilt be determined. The bishop became active in the nation's political life and worked hard to ensure that the needs and the teachings of the Church became an integral focus of all public policies put forth. He also supported the work of the missionaries who had come to his diocese and the nation in general. <mask>  wrote various and extensive theological works in addition to poems for particular liturgical feasts. He created a special house in Paris for students from Skara. But his work soon ran afoul of the absolutist King Magnus Ladulas in 1288 which prompted him to flee into a brief exile to escape the monarch's retribution. His exile saw his father imprisoned and some brothers of his either killed or imprisoned.But the persecution of his house came in 1289 when he and the king were reconciled which allowed for <mask> to return to Skara to continue his work uninterrupted. In 1304 he oversaw a thorn from Jesus Christ's Crown of Thorns brought to the Skara diocese from Lödöse due to close ties he shared with Norwegian prelates. This had been cultivated since the 1280s after he helped in the financing of the reconstruction of the Stavanger Cathedral which had been devastated in a fire. On 2 September 1304 he greeted a Norwegian ship holding 2000 people and was presented with the thorn which was carried in solemn procession to the diocesan cathedral. This made his diocese a pilgrim destination that also generated revenue which <mask> hoped to use to renovate the diocesan cathedral. He made 2 September the feast for the relic's reception and later wrote the "Historia de Spinea Corona" in order to describe how the thorn was gifted to his diocese. The bishop became noted in life for having performed several miracles such as that it was said he turned water into wine on several occasions, much like Jesus Christ had done at the wedding in Cana.He died in 1317 and his remains were interred in the Skara Cathedral. Bridget of Sweden visited his tomb on 2 February 1349 and there received a vision that revealed to her the holiness of the late bishop. In her vision she saw the Blessed Mother and Jesus Christ who also pointed out <mask>'s holiness to her, for she also saw bishop Brynolf in her vision. Sainthood
King Erik of Pomerania appointed a commission in Skara in 1417 to collect documentation and testimonies (over 50 in total) needed for the late bishop with the cause being entrusted at some later point to Swedish monks who did additional research on the bishop's life and miracles; permission had been granted on 27 April 1416 for the process to be held which took place from 12 April 1417 until that 28 April. In 1414 the Archbishop of Uppsala Johannes Haquini and three other bishops (in addition to the Bishop of Lund Peder Kruse and the Bishop of Nidaros Eskil) wrote an application to the Council of Constance asking that he be canonized. Pope Martin V confirmed the cause would continue and provided his encouragement as to the cause's continuation. There were 34 miracles recorded between 1404 and 1417 either in Skara or Lödöse as the process determined.In 1492 additional documentation was collected for submission to Pope Innocent VIII with the intention of having <mask> canonized in 1498. But Innocent VIII's death in 1492 hindered this to a significant degree. But Innocent VIII had given permission not long before his death for <mask>'s relics to be translated and a liturgical feast in his name affixed to that date. This took place during the pontificate of his successor Pope Alexander VI on 16 August 1492 (who had just been elected a week prior) which acted as a sort of "de facto" canonization even though no formal sanctification was celebrated and no official papal bull subscribed. Hemming Gadd - on the behalf of Sten Sture the Elder - spoke to Pope Alexander VI on the subject of the canonization of the bishop and told the pontiff that it would be good for the Swedish church for four Swedish Blesseds such as Hemming of Turku to be canonized. This request was repeated in 1499 since no progress had been made and on 16 March 1499 the pope granted permission for a second translation of relics. This never occurred.References

External links
 Geni

1317 deaths
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Sweden
13th-century Roman Catholic theologians
13th-century venerated Christians
14th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Sweden
14th-century Roman Catholic theologians
14th-century venerated Christians
Bishops of Skara
Medieval Swedish saints
Swedish Roman Catholic saints
University of Paris alumni
Year of birth unknown
Swedish expatriates in France

masks:
Brinolfo Algotsson
Life Brinolfo
Algotsson
Algotsson
Algotsson
Algotsson
Algotsson
Algotsson
Algotsson


title: Işın Karaca

texts:
<mask> (born 7 March 1973), better known as Işın <mask> (), is a British-born Turkish Cypriot pop singer. Personal life
Işın Funda Büyükkaraca was born into a Turkish Cypriot family which had emigrated to the United Kingdom. Her mother Şeniz Büyükkaraca is a restaurant owner in Cyprus and her father Ali Büyükkaraca (died 2011) was a real estate agent originally from Afyon, Turkey. She graduated from the London IV King Edward School with a theatre major. <mask> has a son (Erda Kıvanç, born 1993) from her first husband, whom she later divorced. She had an affair for 12 years with arranger-composer Erdem Yörük. <mask> married director and motocross racer Sedat Doğan on 30 May 2011.She gave birth to her daughter Sasha Mia in 2011. The couple divorced 2 years later in November 2013. On 29 December 2016, she married Tuğrul Odabaş. In 2017 and 2019, her ex-husband Sedat Doğan was arrested in Brazil after being caught for stealing. In April 2019, it was revealed that <mask> was paying a 1 million debt left by Sedat Doğan. Earlier, she had changed her daughter's family name from Doğan to Büyükkaraca via a court decision. On 6 November 2019, <mask> and her third husband Tuğrul Odabaş divorced.In December 2019, she started dating musician Can Yapıcıoğlu. Music career

Backing vocalist and rise to fame (1997–2004)

Işın began her musical career as vocalist for Sezen Aksu. In 1997, she performed songs in the Turkish translation of Disney's Hercules' Soundtrack. She also performed the Turkish translations of this album. In 1999 she became the lead vocalist of the musical group "Panic Attack", but the group separated before releasing any albums. In 2000 she competed for Turkey on Eurovision Song Contest's pre-eliminations with "Bir Kırık Sevda". She didn't pass pre-eliminations for Eurovision but she represented Turkey in the OGAE Second Chance Contest and became 7th with 104 points.One year later she tried again with "Kaderimsin", but again she wasn't selected to represent Turkey for Eurovision. In OGAE Second Chance Contest, "Kaderimsin" became 14th with 52 points. She also appeared in Sezen Aksu's music videos "Oh oh" and "Allahın Varsa". In 2000, she was featured in "Geçmişe Yolculuk" from Fresh B's "Gerçek Kal" album. Until 2001 she continued working as back vocalist of Sezen Aksu. She also modeled for the XL fashion company "Sumak"'s Fall-Winter catalog in 2004–2005. She and her brother Akın Büyükkaraca own a musical production company: Akış Production.In November 2009, she modeled for Adil Işık's 2009–2010 Fall-Winter catalogue "Love My Body" collection. The photoshoot was shot by famous Turkish photographer Serkan Şedele. As she got her fame by working with Sezen Aksu as her backing vocalist, she released her debut album, Anadilim Aşk (My Native Language is Love), with help of her. The album is released in 2001 under "Power Records" label. All of the songs on this album were written by Sezen Aksu, except two of them have lyrics written by Ali İlyas. She made a great success with this album, becoming popular all over Turkey. Her first single Tutunamadım and second single Başka Bahar became hits.The video for the third single "Aramıza Yollar" was shot by Waleed Nassif. This video was the first High Definition video in Turkey. Famous Turkish actor Toprak Sergen also appears in this video. There's a video shot for "Doğum Günün Kutlu Olsun Oğlum", but this video was never aired due to conflicts with her music company. First release of this album sold-out quickly and they re-released with an addition of "Tutunamadım (remix)" in 2001. This version also sold-out quickly, and in 2006 it was re-released with "Seyhan Müzik" label. After the first album was released, she contributed to several albums like Selmi Andak's "Uluslararası Ödüllü Selmi Andak Şarkıları", Hakkı Yalçın's "O Şarkılar", Alpay's "Sessiz Kalma" and collection of "Yeni Türkiye Coşku Dolu".She performed a song in soundtrack album of Ezel Akay's movie Where's Firuze?. She also starred in this movie as guest star. In 2004 she formed a group named "Masalcılar [Storytellers]" with Erdem Yörük, Eda Özülkü and Metin Özülkü. They made their first album called "Masalcılar I" in which they tell stories to children. The group intended to make a series of albums like this and they credited this inside the cover of the album, but they never released another project. In 2004, she released her second album, İçinde Aşk Var (There's Love Inside). She worked with different writers like Aysel Gürel, Suat Suna, Ümit Sayın.She also wrote a song in this album. This album has only one song written by Sezen Aksu. First video Yetinmeyi Bilir misin? becomes a hit. Second video "Bekleyelim de Görelim" also made a great success. The last video came to a Sezen Aksu cover "Hoşgörü". In 2006 she contributed in Mehmet Tokat's poetry album İnadına Seveceğim.Then she performed "Ben Sana Vurgunum" for Ali Kocatepe's tribute album 41 Kere Maşallah which was a celebration of Ali Kocatepe's 41st year as an artist. She performed "Eski Bir Resim" in rap-singer Ogeday's album Mecburi İstikamet. She also contributed in charity album Yaşasın Okulumuz which aims to make schools or improve the conditions of them, mostly in sub-urban areas. Başka, Uyanış and Arabesque albums (2006–11)
In 2006 she released her third solo album, 33/3 Başka (Different). She worked with Alper Narman and Fettah Can on this album. She wrote a song for this album too. There are no Sezen Aksu songs in this album.First video Mandalinalar became a hit. Second video came out for "Kalp Tanrıya Emanet". The third video became "Bırakma". In 2007 she performed "The Final Countdown" in Dolapdere Big Gang's Just Feel. This was the first song performed in English by <mask> <mask> in an official recording. In 2008 she was featured in Ogeday's Maxi Single. They performed "Eski Bir Resim" in RnB, electribe, house, Reggaeton and electronic style.In June 2008, she performed a cover of Esmeray's hit "Unutama Beni" for the theme song of ATV's "Elif" TV series. <mask> <mask>'s fourth studio album, Uyanış, was released on 29 May 2009. She worked with Sibel Alaş, Erdem Yörük, Erol Temizel and Zeki Güner on the album. She is also a songwriter for several songs in the album. In April 2010, she released her first arabesque album: Arabesque, which included covers of famous arabesque songs. The album was released when Arabesque music gained popularity among Turkish pop music singers. The album has sold more than 100,000 copies, which is more than her pop albums.This lead her to release the sequel album in June 2011: Arabesque II. The sequel album also become successful, which has sold more than 50.000 copies. Return to pop music and Classical Turkish music project (2013–present)
In 2012, she announced the title of her pop album Her Şey Aşktan (English: Everything is because of love) from her Twitter account. The album was released on 8 May 2013. In 2013, she performed "Geceyi Sana Yazdım" in "Onurlu Yıllar" album, which is a tribute album for Onur Akın in his 25th anniversary in music industry. On 18 March 2013, she and 16 other singers sang "Çanakkale Türküsü", a special song for 98th anniversary of Gallipoli Memorial Day. In May 2014, she performed "Vestiyer" in Ahmet Selçuk İlkan's duets album Söz.On 30 January 2015, she has released her first Turkish classical music album, "Ey Aşkın Güzel Kızı" (English: Beautiful daughter of love). The first video was "Bir Garip Yolcu (Yalan Dünya)" released on 13 February 2015. In February 2015, she took part in Deniz Seki's "Hayat 2 Bilet" (English: Life is two tickets) video, which was shot with Seki's friends while she was imprisoned. In May 2015, she sang "Hasret Yarası" in Musa Eroğlu's tribute album "Gelenekten Geleceğe Musa Eroğlu ile Bir Asır". In June 2015, she sang "Kolay mı" in Eda-Metin Özülkü's "Bizim Şarkılar" album. In 2017, she released her sixth pop music album Eyvallah, which was released in December 2017. First single from the album, "Güzelim", was released on 10 June 2016.Other fields

Acting career
She had a leading role in a movie called "Sen Ne Dilersen" (International English title:Whatever You Wish) directed by Cem Başeskioglu. The movie has very talented actors like Işık Yenersu, Zeynep Eronat, Yıldız Kenter, Fikret Kuşkan, etc. She made a great performance with her role "Marika" although it's her first career movie. She was to act in "Herşeyin Bittiği Yerden" directed by Turkish film director and actor Ezel Akay, where she co-starred with Okan Bayülgen. The movie is about 1999 İzmit earthquake. The film was scheduled to be released in January 2009, however it was cancelled due to financial problems. Television
In 2005 she hosted a musical program called "Işın Show" in channel ATV.In the show she hosted several popular Turkish singers and actors every week. The program ended on 19 August 2005. She appeared in Turkish TV series Haziran Gecesi as a guest singer. In 2007 she and Vatan Şaşmaz hosted "Kadın Her Yaşta Güzeldir" which was a beauty contest between mothers. In 2007 she also became the musical coach of Vatan Şaşmaz in first season of "Şarkı Söylemek Lazım", in which popular non-singer celebrities sing songs for the show. They became very successful that they come 4th out of 12 contestants. In mid-2007 she hosted a musical show "Haydi Söyle" in channel Turkmax.In 2009, she appeared as a guest actress in Turkish adaption of The Golden Girls, Altın Kızlar, with her role Nurse Binnaz. On 18 September 2012, she started hosting "Başucu Şarkıları" in TRT Müzik channel. Authorship
As of 2 March 2005 she was writing a blog named "Kaleminden" (From her pen) on her official website, that is mainly about news of her works but occasionally contains her point of view on daily events. The articles sometimes concern about global awarenesses or national problems with a wide range of interests from politics to music industry. She currently had written 66 articles. In 2005 she announced that she was writing a book. Later she told that it is a diet book named "Büyümek İçin Küçülmek Lazım" (Need to get smaller to grow) and will be published when she is 36 in size.The book is about her memories while losing weight, and there will be also tips about diet recipes. In 2008 she became columnist of 2kadin.com website and has been writing since 18 June 2008. Her columns are about relationships, and her target audience is women. Fashion design
In May 2016, she announced her "2016 Fall-Winter" fashion catalog to be released in September 2016. She said, she had designed clothes mainly aimed at plus-sized people. Philanthropy
In 2005, she rebuilt the library of "Gölcük Kız Meslek High School" which was damaged in 1999 İzmit earthquake. On 3 July 2005 she gave a charity concert and donated the income to the school.On 19 April 2006 she opened the library, which was named after her. In 2006 she contributed in Yaşasın Okulumuz project, which aims to make schools or improve the conditions of them, mostly in sub-urban areas. She sang the theme song with other artists and gave one of her songs "Sen" to be included in the album made for the project. She also joined the charity night aired on Show TV, where she and other voluntary artists answered calls for donations. In April 2008, she contributed in charity album "Gel Sende Katıl Umudun Şarkısına" (Come, join the song of hope), a song made for "KACUV" (Foundation of Hope for Kids with Cancer). This project aims to build hygienic houses to be used for treatment of kids who had cancer. In 2009, she and Sedat Doğan started a project named "Doğudan Doğan Işık" (The light that sets from east).It is an exhibition, which aims renewal of village schools in Turkey. They started their first photoshoot in Mardin. Discography

Albums
Anadilim Aşk [My Native Language is Love] (28 November 2001)
İçinde Aşk Var [There's Love Inside] (16 December 2004)
Başka 33/3 [Different] (19 June 2006)
Uyanış [Awakening] (29 May 2009)
 Arabesque: Geçmiş, Geçmemiş Hiç... [Arabesque: Past, has never passed...] (22 April 2010)
 Arabesque II: Geçmiş Bize Yakışıyor [Arabesque II: Past suits us] (June 2011)
Her Şey Aşktan [Everything is because of love] (8 May 2013)
Ey Aşkın Güzel Kızı [Beautiful daughter of love] (30 January 2015)
 Eyvallah (1 December 2017)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

See also
 Music of Turkey
 Turkish pop music

References

External links

Living people
1973 births
21st-century Cypriot women singers
Cypriot pop singers
Singers from London
Turkish-language singers
Turkish Cypriot singers
British people of Turkish Cypriot descent
Cypriot composers

masks:
Işın Funda Büyükkaraca
Karaca
Karaca
Karaca
Karaca
Karaca
Işın
Karaca
Işın
Karaca