title: Porta (rapper)

texts:
Christian Jiménez Bundo (born 2 July 1988 in Barcelona), known professionally as <mask>, is a Spanish rapper. He achieved his initial popularity primarily over the Internet, distributing his music directly to fans on social media networks rather than relying on traditional record labels. His 2006 demo No es Cuestión de Edades ("It's not a matter of age") followed by No Hay Truco ("There is no Trick [to it]") in 2007 quickly became underground hits with record-breaking downloads. <mask> rose to mainstream popularity with his first studio album En Boca de Tantos ("Talked About by So Many"), released in 2008 by Universal Music Group. Trastorno Bipolar ("Bipolar Disorder") was released in 2009 but failed to match the success of En Boca de Tantos. <mask> separated himself from UMG in August 2011 after mounting disagreements. He released Reset on 7 May 2012 after signing with PIAS Spain.The album was a widespread success with positive public reception. Algo ha Cambiado ("Something's Changed") was released on 10 June 2014 in physical format in Spain and digitally worldwide. No Hay Truco remains <mask>'s most downloaded album. Musical career

2006-2008: Beginnings and popularity
When he joined Lebuqe. On March 2006 Porta launch their first LP under the name is not a matter of age produced and recorded at Soma Studios Lebuqe.5 This model was published in April under Creative Commons license on multiple pages web of free downloads, including MySpace.4 is 6 Recording harvest in few days a lot of downloads, 3 reaching the number 1 position in HHGroups7 to get five million downloads and gained fame throughout Spain. There was much controversy for many of his lyrics. In the song "Las niñas de hoy en día son todas unas..." Porta describes women as "easy" generating much controversy.With "Cosas de la vida" Porta a new era begins trying to ingest love rap, which was criticized by those who like only Rap Hardcore but was greeted positively by good words and feelings it conveys. Porta also belonged to a rap group called "Rap Comando" which had as members a Porta, DJ Datz, h0lynaight, and Bazzel Chus. <mask> participated in the Ready to give the blow that never came to light that year although some issues of this EP, songs like "Sobran las presentaciones" and "Mas que un sentimiento" out model. No hay truco was launched in January 2007, and quickly gained more than 5 million downloads thus removing the first position to its first LP called "No es cuestión de edades". Just a few months later, his Myspace profile becomes the second space themed musical that most visited portal on Spain.5 Its two LP have received more than 13 million downloads and profile has been viewed more than 20 million times. Until today "No Hay Truco" is the most downloaded LP in the history of rap . With the great success of their second LP, the controversy surrounding Porta grew even more, especially when I was called no catch as best model of the year.Although <mask> always said he did not have to be taken very seriously his lyrics about women, he was not a macho man, who only made the song because it was something that was happening at the time, but still was attacked by the National Institute Women . In the eighth song from the album, "Las chicas unas guarras, pero los tíos unos cerdos" strikes again women by treating of "easy " . This topic was the support of the rapper "May" on the contrary said that men were " perverts " . Aside from all the success they had achieved <mask> generated considerable success to exceed 20 million views with his song "Hay Siempre Un Sentimiento Muerto En Un Corazon Roto" Another song that also generated a great success in the model and announced a world called Porta Dragon Ball Rap, this song was based on the series and how important it was for him. The video quickly became the third most watched video in the history of Spain in YouTube with over 50 million views. . Its popularity in the network opens new opportunities and is worth a record deal with Universal Music, who signed in November 2007.5 Universal Music is known as the home of some of the best rappers such as Eminem and Jay Z. 2008-2009: En boca de tantos
In February 2008, <mask> was again embroiled in controversy when the rumor that <mask> had died of an overdose had spread across the network. In response to that an angry <mask> launched as the opening theme song of her album "Resurrección" , which says that the more famous older were acquired envy and criticism when the music was still the same .That same year would have some clashes with some rappers especially against Aloy, who later face . Their first album, En boca de tantos, was released on 19 February 2008 . He was received by critics positively and scored notable commercial success. It reached its second week the first position in the list of album sales in Spain and certified gold record (more than one million copies sold), having several singles that brought fame and success to the album, as "En boca de tantos", "Aprecia lo que tienes", "Sin ti" among others. Also includes the song all against me, in which he makes derogatory comments against rappers like Cadierno, Genioh, Cíniko, Heartbeat Catalan, Black -G, Raphael, Boby.PRO, Aloy, Versatile, El Kapo, Shotta, Santé and The Poet, among others. The video of the song that gives title track won the Sun Music Award for best music video at the Festival de Málaga, earning 10 million views.11 . Porta has achieved notable success with their models but this time it has been shown that is always going to beat himself getting more than 20 million Plays with her song "Sin ti" and more than 5 million to "Aprecia lo que tienes" .But not on this CD lacked the controversy ; <mask> released a song with the name "El Fin del Mundo" generating much controversy but still got over 6 million views, thus obtaining a deserved Gold Record.Between March and May 2008, published a series of MySpace a series of 10 chapters devoted to <mask>, this is the first series of Spanish production that appears in this network social.12 13 Getting a surprising success fulfilling the objective was to know more <mask>. As a result, he gained new fans, achieving promotion PlayStation and Universal for the series . Later part of MTV's Europe Music Award which was held that year in England in the city of Liverpool being among the 5 finalists . <mask> acted in concert "MTV Day" at the Palais des Sports stadium in Madrid in front of 30 000 people. That same day shared the stage with one of the best rock bands called Maroon 5. A biography of rapper Barcelona is edited with the title in June of that year, "Bounce" by Perez Sabia, Alba and Antunez, Juan Manuel in "Ediciones Martínez Roca". It was a limited edition that came out in 2008 alone, and all copies were sold in one week.2009-2010: Trastorno bipolar
The second job Carrier saw fame with a theme created 6 October 2009 and was titled Trastorno Bipolar where talking about the infighting between his Porta and Christian and the problems that people had where I was very successful on all for his topic "La bella y la bestia" with over 50 million views on YouTube for his song "Espejismos" with nearly 8 million views on YouTube with his song " Trastorno Bipolar " that had 4 million views but also had controversial by his song " Confesiones" which criticizes implying that God is an atheist. The 24 August 2011, announced on his Facebook page that he had received the letter of freedom of Universal. Under his new record label, PIAS Spain. Since that year he starred campaign Energy Sistem . 2012: Reset
On 7 May 2012 he released his third full-length album, entitled "Reset" achieving win the award for best rap album, hip- hop and urban music. The music disc frame shows the word "reboot ", which speaks of his artistic life and the" mistakes " he has committed, and start to fix them, before putting an end to his career rather restart. In MC Dj joaking collaborate, Skiller Zone, Soma, Jack, ZPU, David Trotsky, Shinoflow, Abram, h0lynaight, Isusko, Samo, SBRV, Fado, Chus, Gema, Dan, Eude, Aid, Genioh, Eneyser, Yesh, Xenon, Mr Currice, Mowlihawk, RM Endecah & Easter.It features 17 tracks, all these recorded, mixed and mastered at Studio Lebuqe. 2014: Algo ha cambiado
On 11 June 2014 he released his fourth studio LP album titled "Algo ha cambiado" where he says he has changed his personality. This record has the collaborations of MC Gema, Eude, Isusko, Belen Alarcon, Holynigth and Eddie MV. It includes 13 tracks, all of them recorded, mixed and mastered in Lebuque Studios

Demo tapes
Sin prisa pero sin pausa (Slowly but surely) (Never published)
Dispuesto a dar el golpe (Ready to give the coup) (Never published)
No es cuestión de edades (It's not a matter of age) (2006)
No hay truco (There's no trick) (2007)

Studio albums
En boca de tantos (In the Mouth of Many) (2008) Universal
Trastorno bipolar (Bipolar disorder) (2009) Universal
Reset (2012, PIAS España) RR
Algo ha cambiado (2014, PIAS España) RR
Equilibrio (2016, Sin Anestesia)

Videography
"Yo soy Porta" (I am Porta) 2008. "En boca de tantos" (On the mouth of many) 2008. "Sobre el famoso tema" (About the famous theme) (with the apparition h0lyanight/Naiara) 2008. "Dragon Ball Rap" 2008."Sé tú mismo" (Be yourself) 2009. "Espejismos" (Mirages) 2009. "Segundos fuera" (Seconds out (feat. Santaflow, Norykko, Eneyser and Curri C) (2009). "Trastorno bipolar" (Bipolar disorder) feat. Christian, 2009. "Nota de suicidio" (Suicide note) feat.Soma, 2009. "La bella y la bestia" (The beauty and the beast) feat. Norykko, 2009. "Voces en mi interior" feat. Santaflow 2009. "Palabras mudas" (Mute words) feat. Gema, 2012."Etiquetas" (Tags) 2012. "Tras el cristal" (2014)
"Equilibrio" (2016)
"Segundos fuera" (Seconds out (feat. Santaflow, Norykko, Eneyser and Curri C). "Bruce Wayne" (2017)

See also
 Spanish hip hop

References

External links

1988 births
Spanish male rappers
Living people

masks: Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta Porta


title: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

type: original

texts:
<mask> ( ; born 15 September 1977) is a Nigerian writer whose works include novels, short stories and nonfiction. She was described in The Times Literary Supplement as "the most prominent" of a "procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors [which] is succeeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature", particularly in her second home, the United States. Adichie, a feminist, has written the novels Purple Hibiscus (2003), Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), and Americanah (2013), the short story collection The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), and the book-length essay We Should All Be Feminists (2014). Her most recent books are Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions (2017), Zikora (2020) and Notes on Grief (2021). In 2008, she was awarded a MacArthur Genius Grant. Early life, family, and education
Adichie was born in the city of Enugu in Nigeria, the fifth of six children in an Igbo family. She was raised in the university town of Nsukka in Enugu State.While she was growing up, her father, James Nwoye <mask> (1932–2020), worked as a professor of statistics at the University of Nigeria. Her mother, Grace Ifeoma (1942–2021), was the university's first female registrar. The family lost almost everything during the Nigerian Civil War, including both maternal and paternal grandfathers. Her family's ancestral village is in Abba in Anambra State. Adichie completed her secondary education at the University of Nigeria Secondary School, Nsukka, where she received several academic prizes. She studied medicine and pharmacy at the University of Nigeria for a year and a half. During this period, she edited The Compass, a magazine run by the university's Catholic medical students.At the age of 19, Adichie left Nigeria for the United States to study communications and political science at Drexel University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She transferred to Eastern Connecticut State University (ECSU) to be near her sister Uche, who had a medical practice in Coventry, Connecticut. She received a bachelor's degree from ECSU, summa cum laude, in 2001. In 2003, she completed a master's degree in creative writing at Johns Hopkins University. In 2008, she received a master of arts degree in African studies from Yale University. Adichie was a Hodder fellow at Princeton University during the 2005–2006 academic year. In 2008, she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.She was awarded a 2011–2012 fellowship by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University. Views

Religion
Adichie is a Catholic and was raised Catholic as a child, though she considers her views, especially those on feminism, to sometimes conflict with her religion. At a 2017 event at Georgetown University, she stated that religion "is not a women-friendly institution" and "has been used to justify oppressions that are based on the idea that women are not equal human beings." She has called for Christian and Muslim leaders in Nigeria to preach messages of peace and togetherness. Having previously identified as agnostic while raising her daughter Catholic, she has also identified as culturally Catholic, but as a guest in a recent Humboldt Forum she stated that she had returned to her Catholic faith. Race
As a youth in Nigeria, Adichie was not accustomed to being identified by the colour of her skin, which only began to happen when she arrived in the United States for college. As a black African in America, Adichie was confronted with what it meant to be a person of colour in the United States.Race as an idea became something that she had to navigate and learn. She writes about this in her 2013 novel Americanah. LGBT issues
Adichie supports LGBT rights in Africa; in 2014, when Nigeria passed an anti-homosexuality bill, she was among the Nigerian writers who objected to the law, calling it unconstitutional and "a strange priority to a country with so many real problems," stating that a crime is a crime for a reason because a crime has victims, and that since consensual homosexual conduct between adults does not constitute a crime, the law is unjust. Adichie was also close friends with Kenyan openly gay writer Binyavanga Wainaina, and when he died on 21 May 2019 after suffering a stroke in Nairobi, Adichie said in her tribute that she was struggling to stop crying. In 2017, Adichie was criticized by some as transphobic, initially for saying that "my feeling is trans women are trans women." Adichie later further clarified her statement, writing "Perhaps I should have said trans women are trans women and cis women are cis women and all are women. Except that 'cis' is not an organic part of my vocabulary.And would probably not be understood by a majority of people. Because saying ‘trans’ and ‘cis’ acknowledges that there is a distinction between women born female and women who transition, without elevating one or the other, which was my point. I have and will continue to stand up for the rights of transgender people." In 2020, Adichie weighed into "all the noise" sparked by J. K. Rowling's article on sex and gender, and called Rowling's essay "perfectly reasonable." Adichie again faced accusations of transphobia, some of which came from Nigerian author Akwaeke Emezi, who had graduated from Adichie's writing workshop. In response to the backlash, Adichie criticised cancel culture, saying: "There's a sense in which you aren't allowed to learn and grow. Also forgiveness is out of the question.I find it so lacking in compassion." In a June 2021 essay titled "It Is Obscene", Adichie again criticised cancel culture, discussing her experiences with two unnamed writers who attended her writing workshop and later lambasted her on social media for her comments on transgender people. She described their "passionate performance of virtue that is well executed in the public space of Twitter but not in the intimate space of friendship" as "obscene". Writing career
<mask> Adichie's original and initial inspiration came from Chinua Achebe, after reading his 1958 novel Things Fall Apart, at the age of 10; Adichie was inspired by seeing her own life represented in the pages. She has also named Buchi Emecheta as a Nigerian literary precursor, on whose death Adichie said: "Buchi Emecheta. We are able to speak because you first spoke. Thank you for your courage.Thank you for your art. Nodu na ndokwa." Adichie published a collection of poems in 1997 (Decisions) and a play (For Love of Biafra) in 1998, using the name Amanda N. Adichie. Her short story "My Mother, the Crazy African", dating from when Adichie was a college senior living in Connecticut, discusses the problems that arise when a person is facing two cultures that are complete opposites from each other. On one hand, there is a traditional Nigerian culture with clear gender roles, while in America there is more freedom in how genders act, and less restrictions on younger people. Ralindu, the protagonist, faces this challenge with her parents as she grew up in Philadelphia, while they grew up in Nigeria. Adichie dives deep into gender roles and traditions and what problems can occur because of this.In 2002, she was shortlisted for the Caine Prize for African Writing for her short story "You in America", and her story "That Harmattan Morning" was selected as a joint winner of the 2002 BBC World Service Short Story Awards. In 2003, she won the David T. Wong International Short Story Prize 2002/2003 (PEN Center Award). Her stories were also published in Zoetrope: All-Story, and Topic Magazine. Her first novel, Purple Hibiscus (2003), received wide critical acclaim; it was shortlisted for the Orange Prize for Fiction (2004) and was awarded the Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best First Book (2005). Purple Hibiscus starts with an extended quote from Things Fall Apart. Her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun (2006), named after the flag of the short-lived nation of Biafra, is set before and during the Nigerian Civil War. Adichie has said of Buchi Emecheta's Destination Biafra (1982): " [It] was very important for my research when I was writing Half of a Yellow Sun."Half of a Yellow Sun received the 2007 Orange Prize for Fiction and the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award. Half of a Yellow Sun was adapted into a film of the same title directed by Biyi Bandele, starring BAFTA award-winner and Academy Award nominee Chiwetel Ejiofor and BAFTA winner Thandiwe Newton, and was released in 2014. Adichie's third book, The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), is a collection of 12 stories that explore the relationships between men and women, parents and children, Africa and the United States. In 2010 she was listed among the authors of The New Yorkers "20 Under 40" Fiction Issue. Adichie's story "Ceiling" was included in the 2011 edition of The Best American Short Stories. Her third novel Americanah (2013), an exploration of a young Nigerian encountering race in America was selected by The New York Times as one of "The 10 Best Books of 2013". In April 2014, she was named as one of 39 writers aged under 40 in the Hay Festival and Rainbow Book Club project Africa39, celebrating Port Harcourt UNESCO World Book Capital 2014.In a 2014 interview, Adichie said on feminism and

masks:
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
Adichie
Ngozi


title: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

texts:
 writing: "I think of myself as a storyteller but I would not mind at all if someone were to think of me as a feminist writer... I'm very feminist in the way I look at the world, and that world view must somehow be part of my work." In 2015, she was co-curator of the PEN World Voices Festival. In March 2017, Americanah was picked as the winner for the "One Book, One New York" program, part of a community reading initiative encouraging all city residents to read the same book. Her next book, Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions, published in March 2017, had its origins in a letter Adichie wrote to a friend who had asked for advice about how to raise her daughter as a feminist. In April 2017, it was announced that Adichie had been elected into the 237th class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, one of the highest honours for intellectuals in the United States, as one of 228 new members to be inducted on 7 October 2017. In 2020, Adichie published Zikora, a stand-alone short story about sexism and single motherhood.In November 2020, Half of a Yellow Sun was voted by the public to be the best book to have won the Women's Prize for Fiction in its 25-year history. In May 2021, Adichie released a memoir based on her father's death titled Notes on Grief, based on an essay of the same title published in The New Yorker in September 2020. As described by the reviewer for The Independent, "Her words put a welcome, authentic voice to this most universal of emotions, which is also one of the most universally avoided." Lectures
Adichie spoke on "The Danger of a Single Story" for TED in 2009. It has become one of the most-viewed TED Talks of all time with over 27 million views. On 15 March 2012, she delivered the "Connecting Cultures" Commonwealth Lecture 2012 at the Guildhall, London. Adichie also spoke on being a feminist for TEDxEuston in December 2012, with her speech "We should all be feminists".It initiated a worldwide conversation on feminism and was published as a book in 2014, which has reportedly sold 750,000 copies in the U.S. alone. It was sampled for the 2013 song "***Flawless" by American performer Beyoncé, where it attracted further attention. "The Danger of a Single Story"
Adichie spoke in a TED talk entitled "The Danger of a Single Story", posted in July 2009, in which she expressed her concern for under-representation of various cultures. She explained that as a young child, she had often read American and British stories where the characters were primarily of Caucasian origin. At the lecture, she said that the under-representation of cultural differences could be dangerous. Adichie concluded the lecture by noting the significance of different stories in various cultures and the representation that they deserve. She advocated for a greater understanding of stories because people are complex, saying that by understanding only a single story, one misinterprets people, their backgrounds and their histories.The talk has become one of the most-viewed TED Talks of all time with over 27 million views. Since 2009, she revisited the topic when speaking to audiences such as the Hilton Humanitarian Symposium of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation in 2019. "We should all be feminists"
In 2012, Adichie gave a TEDx talk entitled: "We should all be feminists", delivered at TedXEuston in London, which has been viewed more than five million times. She shared her experiences of being an African feminist, and her views on gender construction and sexuality. Adichie said that the problem with gender is that it shapes who we are. She also said: "I am angry. Gender as it functions today is a grave injustice.We should all be angry. Anger has a long history of bringing about positive change, but in addition to being angry, I'm also hopeful because I believe deeply in the ability of human beings to make and remake themselves for the better." "Flawless" song
Parts of Adichie's TEDx talk were sampled in Beyoncé's song "Flawless" in December 2013. Fourth Estate published an essay based on the speech as a stand-alone volume, We Should All Be Feminists, in 2014. Adichie later said in an NPR interview that "anything that gets young people talking about feminism is a very good thing". She later qualified the statement in an interview with the Dutch newspaper De Volkskrant: "Another thing I hated was that I read everywhere: now people finally know her, thanks to Beyoncé, or: she must be very grateful. I found that disappointing.I thought: I am a writer and I have been for some time and I refuse to perform in this charade that is now apparently expected of me: 'Thanks to Beyoncé, my life will never be the same again.' That's why I didn't speak about it much." Adichie has clarified that her particular feminism differs from Beyoncé's, particularly in their disagreements about the role occupied by men in women's lives, saying: "Her style is not my style but I do find it interesting that she takes a stand in political and social issues since a few years. She portrays a woman who is in charge of her own destiny, who does her own thing, and she has girl power. I am very taken with that." Nevertheless, Adichie has been outspoken against critics who question the singer's credentials as a feminist, and has said: "Whoever says they're feminist is bloody feminist." Personal life
In 2009, Adichie married Ivara Esege, a Nigerian doctor.In a July 2016 interview, she revealed that she had recently given birth to a daughter. Adichie divides her time between the United States and Nigeria, where she teaches writing workshops. Awards and nominations
In 2016, she was conferred an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane letters, honoris causa, by Johns Hopkins University. In 2017, she was conferred honorary degrees, Doctor of Humane letters, honoris causa, by Haverford College and The University of Edinburgh. In 2018, she received an honorary degree, Doctor of Humane Letters, from Amherst College. She received an honorary degree, doctor honoris causa, from the Université de Fribourg, Switzerland, in 2019. On 20 May 2019, <mask> Adichie received an honorary degree from Yale University.A Shortlisted
B Runner-up
C Joint win
D Longlisted

Other recognition
2010 Listed among The New Yorkers "20 Under 40"
2013 Listed among The New York Times "Ten Best Books of 2013", for Americanah
2013 Listed among the BBC's "Top Ten Books of 2013", for Americanah
2013 Foreign Policy magazine "Top Global Thinkers of 2013"
2013 Listed among the New Africans "100 Most Influential Africans 2013"
2014 Listed among Africa39 project of 39 writers aged under 40
2015 Listed among Time Magazines "The 100 Most Influential People"
 2015 Commencement Speaker at Wellesley College
 2017 Commencement Speaker at Williams College
2018 Class Day Speaker for Harvard University. 2019 Class Day Speaker for Yale University. Adichie was one of 15 women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of British Vogue, guest-edited by Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. Adichie was cited as one of the Top 100 most influential Africans by New African magazine in 2019. Chimamanda was also elected in March 2017 into the American Academy of Arts and Letters. This made her the second Nigerian to be given such an honour, after Prof. Wole Soyinka. She was listed among the 40 Honorary members from 19 different countries.Bibliography

Books

Short fiction

Discography
Guest appearances
 "Flawless" (Beyoncé featuring <mask> Ngozi Adichie)

See also

List of Nigerian women writers
Postcolonial feminist literature

Notes

References

Further reading
 Ernest N. Emenyonu (ed. ), A Companion to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, James Currey/Boydell and Brewer, 2017,
 Ojo, Akinleye Ayinuola. Discursive Construction of Sexuality and Sexual Orientations in <mask> Adichie's Americanah. Ibadan Journal of English Studies 7 (2018): 543-560-224. External links

 Adichie on Twitter
 Adichie on Facebook
 Britannica about Adichie
 Unofficial website via Daria Tunca, English Department, University of Liège.

 . 16 March 2012. 1977 births
Living people
21st-century American women writers
21st-century essayists
21st-century Nigerian educators
21st-century Nigerian novelists
21st-century Nigerian women writers
21st-century short story writers
21st-century women educators
American short story writers
American women academics
American women dramatists and playwrights
American women short story writers
American writers of African descent
Drexel University alumni
Eastern Connecticut State University alumni
English-language poets
Feminism and transgender
Feminist writers
Igbo academics
Igbo activists
Igbo dramatists and playwrights
Igbo educators
Igbo novelists
Igbo poets
Igbo short story writers
Igbo women writers
Johns Hopkins University alumni
MacArthur Fellows
Nigerian dramatists and playwrights
Nigerian expatriate academics in the United States
Nigerian feminists
Nigerian Roman Catholics
Nigerian short story writers
Nigerian women academics
Nigerian women educators
Nigerian women novelists
Nigerian women poets
Nigerian women short story writers
The New Yorker people
Wesleyan University faculty
Women essayists
Writers from Enugu
Yale University 2000s(Decade)

masks: Ngozi Chimamanda Chimamanda


title: M. R. C. Greenwood

texts:
<mask>  (born April 11, 1943) is a nationally recognized leader in higher education, nutrition, and health sciences. Additionally, her research has been extensively published, internationally recognized, and has earned awards. <mask> had served as president of the University of Hawaii and chancellor of the University of California, Santa Cruz. She had held leadership positions in several academic and profession societies and had served in several scientific organizations within the United States government. She currently holds an appointment as a Distinguished Professor Emerita of Nutrition and Internal Medicine at the University of California, Davis. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1943 in Gainesville, Florida. <mask> earned the A.B.degree in Biology, Summa cum laude, from Vassar College in 1968. She received her Ph.D. in Physiology, Developmental Biology, and Neurosciences from Rockefeller University in 1973, and she completed a postdoctoral study in Human Nutrition at Columbia University in 1974. Career
She is best known for her position as the Associate Director for Science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy  (confirmed by the US Senate) during the <mask> Administration. She also served as President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1999. In addition, she has been President of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity (NAASO)—now the Obesity Society; and also President of the American Society of Clinical Nutrition. Formerly an Adjunct Professor of Public Health and Nutrition at the University of California, Berkeley, she currently holds an appointment as a Distinguished Professor Emerita of Nutrition and Internal Medicine at the University of California, Davis. She held various positions in the University of California (UC) system: as Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs, UC Office of the President; Chancellor of UC Santa Cruz; and Dean of Graduate Studies and Vice Provost at UC Davis.During her time at UC as chancellor, she oversaw the opening of the UC system’s first new residential college in 30 years. Her tenure oversaw the hiring of 250 new faculty members and academic programs were expanded by 52 percent. In 2005, the University of California found that Dr. <mask> had violated its conflict of interest rules related to a management position created for a colleague with whom she co-owned a rental property. The university found no evidence of improper conduct in a second allegation that she influenced a position held by her son at UC Merced, concluding no pattern of impropriety or ethics violations in regard to both matters that were thoroughly investigated. The university accepted Dr. <mask>’s resignation from the position and affirmed her return to the tenured professorship she formerly held at the University of California, Davis. <mask> became the President of the University of Hawai'i in 2009 and was the first woman to hold the position. During her tenure, she oversaw several major projects including the UH Cancer Center, the new UH West Oahu campus, the UH Hilo Hawaiian Language and Culture building, the Windward Community College Learning Center, the Maui Community College Science and Technology Center, the Kaua‘i Community College Campus Center project, the UH Mānoa Campus Center and a new Information Technology Building.On May 6, 2013, <mask> announced her retirement from the University of Hawaiʻi as President. She is a member of the Institute of Medicine in the National Academy of Sciences, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Executive compensation at UC: MRC Greenwood and the $871 million dollar secret
 <mask> announces retirement

Living people
1943 births
University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health faculty
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Vassar College alumni
Columbia University alumni
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Rockefeller University alumni
University of California, Davis faculty
Chancellors of the University of California, Santa Cruz
Presidents of the University of Hawaii System

masks:
Mary Rita Cooke Greenwood
Greenwood
Greenwood
Greenwood
Clinton
Greenwood
Greenwood
Greenwood
Greenwood
Greenwood


title: Ellen Langer

texts:
<mask> (; born March 25, 1947) is an American professor of psychology at Harvard University;  in 1981, she became the first woman ever to be tenured in psychology at Harvard. Langer studies the illusion of control, decision-making, aging, and mindfulness theory. Her most influential work is Counterclockwise, published in 2009, which answers the questions of aging from her extensive research, and increased interest in the particulars of aging across the nation. You can find out more about it on her self titled web site. Early life and education
Langer was born in The Bronx, New York. She received her bachelor's degree in Psychology from New York University, and her PhD in Social and Clinical Psychology from Yale University in 1974. Career

Langer has had a significant influence on the positive psychology movement.Along with being known as the mother of positive psychology, her contributions to the study of mindfulness have earned her the moniker of the "mother of mindfulness." Together her work has ushered in the movement of mind/body medicine which has been regarded by many scientist to be an important intellectual movement and one that now has "considerable evidence that an array of mind-body therapies can be used as effective adjuncts to conventional medical treatment." She has published over 200 articles and academic texts, was published in The New York Times, and discussed her works on Good Morning America. Additionally, in many introductory psychology courses at universities across the United States, her studies are required reading. Aging

Langer and colleagues have conducted multiple forms of research to promote the flexibility of aging. Some of her most impactful work has been her pioneering research on her famous Counterclockwise Study (1979). This study was originally published by Oxford University Press and later described in her best seller, Mindfulness.It is the basis of what is now called Reminiscence Therapy. The study was replicated in England, South Korea and the Netherlands and was the basis of a British Academy of Film and Television Awards nominated BBC series, The Young Ones. The study has also been mentioned in other media such as The Simpsons episode Havana Wild Weekend. Other important work has shown that rewarding behaviors and following completion of memory tasks improves memory. Another study showed that simply taking care of a plant improves mental and physical health, as well as life expectancy. These studies were the primitive steps to creating the Langer Mindfulness Scale. Her research provided for improved methods in nursing homes and assisted living facilities.Additionally, in one of her most famous studies, Langer demonstrated the drastic benefits of mind/body unity theory. By having chambermaids call their everyday activity “exercise” rather than “labor,” Langer found that the chambermaids experienced a myriad of health benefits including: "a decrease in their systolic blood pressure, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio — and a 10 percent drop in blood pressure." Mindfulness
Langer is well known for her contributions to the study of mindfulness and of mindless behaviour, with these contributions having provided the basis for many studies focused on individual differences in unconscious behavior and decision making processes in humans. In 1989, she published Mindfulness, her first book, and some have referred to her as the "mother of mindfulness". In an interview with Krista Tippett on the National Public Radio program "On Being," broadcast on Sept. 13, 2015, Langer defined mindfulness as "the simple act of noticing new things." The Langer Mindfulness Scale is still used in modern research. Awards
In 1980, she was the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship.Other honors include the Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest of the American Psychological Association, the Liberty Science Center Genius Award, the Distinguished Contributions of Basic Science to Applied Psychology award from the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology, the James McKeen Cattel Award, and the Gordon Allport Intergroup Relations Prize. Criticism
Her finding that taking care of a plant significantly improved health outcomes in nursing home patients was shown to be the result of a statistical error. In one of her famous "counterclockwise" studies, Langer claimed that when elderly men were temporarily placed in a setting that recreated their past, their health improved, and they even looked younger. However, this study was never published in a peer-reviewed journal. The only publication of this finding is in a chapter of a book edited by Langer. In a 2014 New York Times Magazine profile, Langer described the week-long paid adult counterclockwise retreats she was creating in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico, aimed towards replicating the effects found in her New Hampshire study. According to the article, "Langer makes no apologies for the paid retreats, nor for what will be their steep price."Langer was defiant when pressed on the ethics of her study:

"To my question of whether such a nakedly commercial venture will undermine her academic credibility, Langer rolled her eyes a bit. 'Look, I’m not 40 years old. I’ve paid my dues, and there’s nothing wrong with making this more widely available to people, since I deeply believe it.'" Bibliography (selection)

References

External links

 Personal site
 Mind Changers, Series 4: Arden House BBC Radio programme which interviews Langer about one of her experiments. The Young Ones <mask>'s Counter Clockwise study was the basis for this BBC documentary series. The Great Lesson The Great Lesson: A New Film About Mind and Body: Featuring Dr. <mask>r

American psychologists
American women psychologists
Social psychologists
Harvard University faculty
Yale University alumni
Mindfulness (psychology)
1947 births
Living people
American women academics
21st-century American women

masks:
Ellen Jane Langer
Ellen Langer
Ellen Lange


title: Binnya U

texts:
<mask> (, , ; also known as Hsinbyushin; 1323–1384) was king of Martaban–Hanthawaddy from 1348 to 1384. His reign was marked by several internal rebellions and external conflicts. He survived the initial rebellions and an invasion by Lan Na by 1353. But from 1364 onwards, his effective rule covered only the Pegu province, albeit the most strategic and powerful of the kingdom's three provinces. Constantly plagued by poor health, <mask> increasingly relied on his sister Maha Dewi to govern. He formally handed her all his powers in 1383 while facing an open rebellion by his eldest son <mask>, who succeeded him as King Razadarit. King <mask> is best remembered in Burmese history as the father of King Razadarit.One enduring legacy of his reign was Pegu's (Bago's) emergence as the new power center in Lower Burma. The city would remain the capital of the Mon-speaking kingdom until the mid-16th century. Early life

Born  late 1323, <mask> <mask> () was the only son of Queen Sanda Min Hla and King Saw Zein (r. 1323–1330) of Martaban. He was a grandnephew of the founder of the dynasty King Wareru. He had two elder sisters Mwei Ne and Mwei Na although the eldest sister Ne died young. He also had two younger half-siblings: Mi Ma-Hsan and Min Linka. As the eldest son, <mask> was the heir-presumptive until his father was assassinated in 1330.But he remained an important prince as his mother remained a powerful, feared kingmaker in the following years. After eliminating the usurper and the next successor in the following eight weeks, the queen placed her half-brother <mask> E Law on the throne, and made herself the chief queen. Probably in deference to the queen's sensitivities, E Law did not name an heir-apparent. The rivalry between E Law's son <mask> E Laung and <mask> escalated in the 1340s when E Law's health declined. The half-cousins ended up fighting an elephant-back duel in which <mask> defeated E Laung. The king was furious, and had <mask> arrested. But Sanda Min Hla intervened, and E Law released <mask>.At any rate, E Laung died from smallpox soon after, and <mask> emerged as the heir-presumptive. E Law himself died in 1348, and the 25-year-old prince succeeded. He ascended the throne with the title of Hsinbyushin (ဆင်ဖြူရှင်, "Lord of the White Elephant") because he possessed a white elephant, a propitious symbol of Burmese monarchs. Early reign

Initial consolidation
The new king's hold on power was tenuous at best. He would spend the next five years consolidating power, overcoming external and internal threats. He bought the allegiance of the court through a series of marriage alliances. He himself married three daughters of Minister Than-Bon, and married off his sister Maha Dewi to Bon-Lan (later known by his title Byat ), son of Minister Than-Daw, and his half-brother Min Linka to the youngest daughter of Than-Bon.Lan Na invasion (1351–1352)
His attempts to gain control of the vassal regions were not as successful. Although he was able to appoint Linka to the key governorship at Pegu (Bago), other key vassal rulers remained unimpressed. In 1351, the ruler of Donwun, about 100 km north of Martaban, openly revolted, and invited Lan Na forces to attack Martaban. In the dry season of 1351–52, an 8000-strong army from Lan Na (or a northern Tai-Shan state) invaded. The invasion force quickly overran the northern Martaban (present-day northern Mon State), and reached the outskirts of Martaban and Moulmein (Mawlamyaing). But the invasion force could not overcome the defenses of Martaban. After the attackers had become a spent force, <mask> <mask> himself led the counterattack atop his favorite white elephant, a highly propitious symbol of Burmese sovereigns, and successfully drove back the invasion force.<mask> was so pleased by the victory and attributed the victory to the good fortune brought by his white elephant. He actually built a Buddhist pagoda, housing a holy relic he had received from Ceylon, at the hilltop where he atop his elephant began the counterattack. Pegu rebellion (1352–1353)
<mask>'s job was not finished. His half-brother Gov. Min Linka of Pegu never sent any help during the invasion. In 1352–53, he sent his army to retake Pegu. The mission was successful.Linka was brought back to Martaban, and subsequently executed. Linka's wife, Mwei Daw, became a queen of U. He was now the undisputed ruler of the Mon-speaking kingdom. Golden years (1353–1363)
The decade between 1353 and 1363 were the golden years for Binnya <mask>. The country was at peace, and prosperity returned at least to the capital Martaban. He governed the kingdom with the help of his Chief Minister Pun So, and his brother-in-law Gov. Byat  of Dagon.His regime was able to steer the kingdom out of the troubles that were enveloping his northern and eastern neighbors. Martaban's former overlord Sukhothai had been eclipsed by the emerging Ayutthaya Kingdom. The northern Pinya had no effective control over its southern vassals at Prome and Toungoo. <mask> established direct relations with Toungoo's restive governor Theingaba. When Theingaba formally revolted against Pinya in 1358, he stayed on good terms with the rebel governor but did not want Toungoo to become too strong either. <mask> readily gave shelter to
Theingaba's son Pyanchi in Pegu when Pyanchi sought refuge. By the early 1360s, both Pinya and Sagaing kingdoms had been under repeated raids by the northern Shan state of Maw.Martaban was an island of stability. In 1362, the king raised the height of the Shwedagon Pagoda in Dagon to 20 meters (~66 feet). Middle reign

Coup
The end to Martaban's tranquil years came not from the widespread instabilities that surrounded the kingdom but from within. According to the chronicle Razadarit Ayedawbon, the main cause was the king's penchant for months-long elephant hunting trips away from the capital. <mask> had been trying to find another "propitious" white elephant since the death of his first white elephant in 1354/55, believing that the late elephant was the reason he defeated the 1351–52 Lan Na invasion. In the dry season of 1363–64, he with over 2000 troops went on a hunting trip. Four months into the trip,  February 1364, he received news that a coup led by princes Byattaba and his brother Laukpya had taken place at the capital.He rushed back to the capital, and ordered two separate missions to retake Martaban. But he did not have enough manpower, and both missions failed. In the Irrawaddy delta too, Laukpya's forces reigned supreme. Donwun years (1364–1369)
<mask> now set up camp at the dynasty's ancestral home Donwun. His realm had suddenly been reduced to the Pegu province and the northern tip of the Martaban province. His hold over the Pegu province was helped by the effective rule of his elder sister, Maha Dewi, whom he appointed governor of Dagon in 1364. Lan Na continued to loom large in the politics of Lower Burma.When he heard that Byattaba was seeking Lan Na's help, <mask> tried to repair relations with the Tai kingdom by sending his eldest daughter Tala Mi Thiri to Chiang Mai in a marriage of state. It apparently did the job as Lan Na did not interfere. (Queen Thiri would have a terrible time at Chiang Mai, and constantly urged her father to bring her back. <mask> would bring her back  1371.) What followed was a stalemate for the next five plus years. <mask> did not try to regain the rebellious regions but neither did the rebel brothers try to dislodge <mask> from Donwun. <mask> heavily relied on his chief minister Pun-So, who kept the remaining territories intact.Then in 1369, Pun-So died. Taking advantage of the ensuing commotion, Byattba sent 700 warriors disguised as mourners, who managed to get inside Donwun, and seize <mask>'s palace. The king barely escaped to the nearby woods, and fled to Pegu, about 120 km northwest of Donwun, across the Bay of Martaban. Byattaba now controlled the entire Martaban province. Laukpya also raided Dala several times although U loyalists held the line. Reign at Pegu

Emergence of Pegu
U's realm was now reduced to just the Pegu (Bago) province (present-day southern Bago Region and Yangon Region). It turned out to be a fortuitous move for him.Not only was Pegu strategically located between the other two provinces but the province was also the most populous. Then ongoing sedimentation and silting since 1300 had increased the once swampy province's "agricultural and demographic potential". On the other hand, Martaban was located on the upper Tenasserim coast, and too close to the Tai kingdoms to the east. By 1370, Pegu was "ready to supplant Martaban as regional leader". Indeed, all subsequent monarchs of the Wareru dynasty would remain at the more strategic Pegu even after Martaban returned to the fold. The kingdom would be known as the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, after Pegu's classical name Hanthawaddy—the academic and popular name by which the dynasty which lasted from 1287 to 1539, inclusive of the Martaban years, is known. Peace treaty with <mask>'s first actions at Pegu was to stabilize his reduced realm.In 1370–71, he quickly signed a peace treaty with King Swa Saw Ke of the emerging Ava Kingdom in the north. Both monarchs wanted a quiet border: U was dealing with his ongoing rebellions; Swa was focused on securing his northern border against the Maw Shans. Swa wanted U to acknowledge Toungoo (Taungoo) as part of Ava's sphere of influence. The Ava king did not trust his nominal vassal Gov. Pyanchi I of Toungoo, who was educated and lived in Pegu for several years. The two kings met in 1370/71 at the frontier, and signed a treaty demarcating the border. History shows that the treaty was an act of political expediency.The two kingdoms would fight a proxy war over Toungoo in 1375–76. Treaty with the rebels
The treaty with Ava allowed <mask> to focus on his defense of his remaining territory. He successfully fended off Laukpya's attempts to seize southern Pegu province, and his forces even retook Donwun, restoring the pre-1369 borders. But he paused when Byattaba and Laukpya again appealed to Lan Na. Though he was technically allied with King Kue Na of Lan Na through a marriage of state, his daughter Thiri had not gotten along with Kue Na, and wanted a divorce. Concerned by Chiang Mai's potential interference, <mask> agreed to a truce with the brothers. The agreement called for <mask> to pay the brothers 10 viss (16.33 kg) of gold and ten elephants in exchange for the brothers recognizing <mask> as their sovereign as well as to broker an agreement with Kue Na to send Queen Thiri back.As the Razadarit Ayedawbon recounts, <mask> realized the absurdity of the overlord paying tribute to the vassals but he ultimately decided to swallow his pride, and agreed to the terms. On the other hand, Byattaba and Laukpya realized that they needed Lan Na's support in order to neutralize U's stronger position at Pegu. The brothers sent 15 viss (24.49 kg) of gold in total to retain Chiang Mai's support. The king of Lan Na also sent back Tala Mi Thiri back. Proxy war with Ava
The arrangement with the brothers lasted for the rest of U's reign. Byattaba and Laukpya ruled their provinces like sovereigns but left U alone while U had to be satisfied with their nominal allegiance. However, the treaty with Ava did not last.The cause was Toungoo. In 1375, Ava, coming off a decisive victory over the northern Shan state of Mohnyin, sought to impose tighter control over Toungoo. The ruler of Toungoo, Pyanchi I, sought Pegu's help. Despite the 1370/71 treaty with Ava, <mask> ultimately decided to side with Pyanchi. Pegu sent a sizable army that included cavalry and elephant units led Commander Ma Sein. What followed was a proxy war between Ava and Pegu in the dry season of 1375–76. Backed by the Pegu army, Toungoo held out for three months.According to a contemporary inscription, by the time the dust had settled, Ava had sent three expeditions against Toungoo, and caused widespread starvation in the region. Fortunately for Pegu, Ava would have its hands full with Toungoo for the next seven years, and leave Pegu alone until after <mask>'s death. For his part, <mask> essentially stayed out of Toungoo for the rest of his reign. The Toungoo Yazawin chronicle reports a single embassy (by Gov. Phaungga of Toungoo in 1383) to Pegu between 1376 and 1384. Late reign
After the Toungoo war, the king's health markedly deteriorated. He gradually withdrew from administration, and handed increasing responsibilities to his sister Maha Dewi, culminating in her appointment as regent in 1383, and his eldest son <mask> Nwe's rebellion.Rise of Maha Dewi
<mask> <mask> had relied on his elder sister for advice at least since 1369. She had proven herself as an able governor of the key town of Dagon since 1364. When his health, in poor state at least since 1364, deteriorated further in the 1370s, he began asking her to take on administrative duties. However, a powerful faction of the court, led by Chief Minister Zeik-Bye, secretly opposed her. Her enemies tried to undermine her by making public her alleged affair with a much younger married Smim Maru, who was also her nephew-in-law and <mask>'s son-in-law. But the king continued to trust his sister. By the early 1380s, she had emerged as the de facto ruler.The main opposition to her rule would come from her nephew and adopted son <mask> Nwe in 1383. <mask> Nwe's rebellion
According to the chronicle Razadarit Ayedawbon, the king and his eldest son were never close. Prince Nwe, whose mother died at childbirth, had been raised by his aunt Maha Dewi since his birth. Nwe was never his father's favorite. The king deemed him "ruthless", and once told his sister that Nwe was not to ascend the throne. <mask> had chosen the younger son Baw Ngan-Mohn as heir-apparent. Nwe responded in kind.In 1382, he eloped with his half-sister Tala Mi Daw. <mask> was aghast. When the young couple was soon caught, the king had Nwe imprisoned. Maha Dewi had to repeatedly plead with her brother to free Nwe, and allow the young couple to be married. <mask> finally relented; she wedded the young couple. Maha Dewi's best intentions would not go unpunished. On 5 May 1383, Nwe, with 30 followers, fled to Dagon, and seized the governor's residence there.Furious, <mask> asked his sister to fix the situation. Advised by Zeik-Bye, Maha Dewi did not make much of the "rebellion". She believed her adopted son's conciliatory letter, saying he would soon return by August. It was only at the end of August that she decided to use force, after learning that Nwe had sent missions to enlist help from Martaban and Myaungmya. Maha Dewi's regency
Meanwhile, <mask>'s health took a turn for the worse. He could not even attend meetings with the court anymore. In October, he officially handed power to his sister, giving her the right to raise the white umbrella, a symbol of Burmese sovereigns.The act formalized what had been the reality for sometime. She was now referred to as Min Maha Dewi ("Queen Maha Dewi"). However, she continued to refer to her brother as the sovereign in her official edicts. At any rate, she never won the court's support. With <mask> on his deathbed, Zeik-Bye not so secretly undermined Maha Dewi's plans. Zeik-Bye was in secretly in league with Nwe, and provided the necessary intelligence. Undermined by Zeik-Bye, the Pegu army was driven back by Nwe's small army on 19 November 1383.Indeed, by December, neither Maha Dewi nor <mask> had any authority. When Nwe and his small army appeared outside Pegu's walls on 10 December 1383, she could do nothing other than hunker down inside the city walls. The stalemate ended with <mask> <mask>'s death on 2 January 1384. Maru tried to rally the court but found no support. When he and his wife tried to flee, they were captured. On 4 January 1384, the Zeik-Bye-led court handed the power to Nwe. The new king, known by the title of Razadarit, decided not to punish his adoptive mother, and reappointed her to her old post at Dagon but strictly in a ceremonial role.Family
The following a list of family members as reported in the Razadarit Ayedawbon. Ancestry

Notes

References

Bibliography

Burmese monarchs
Hanthawaddy dynasty
1323 births
1384 deaths
Burmese people of Mon descent
14th-century Burmese monarchs

masks:
Binnya U
U
Binnya Nwe
Binnya U
Binnya
U
U
Binnya
Binnya
U
U
U
U
U
Binnya
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Ava U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Binnya
Binnya
U
U
Binnya
Binnya
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
Binnya
U


title: Troy Percival

texts:
<mask> (born August 9, 1969) is an American baseball coach and former professional baseball pitcher. He gained fame as a closer. During a 14-year baseball career spanning from 1995 to 2009, he pitched for four Major League Baseball(MLB) teams, primarily with the California/Anaheim Angels. He was an integral part of that franchise's 2002 World Series championship team. He was the head baseball coach of the UC Riverside Highlanders (2015–2020)

Early career
He started playing baseball at Moreno Valley Youth Federation (MVYF). Percival played on the Moreno Valley High School baseball team, before attending the University of California, Riverside, where he played college baseball for the Highlanders from 1987–1990. He was then drafted by the California Angels in the 6th round of the 1990 amateur draft as a catcher.He batted .203 in his only season as a catcher with the Boise Hawks and was converted to a pitcher when coaches noticed that his return throws to the mound were actually faster than the pitches he caught. He made his Major League debut as a reliever in , and was mostly used as a setup man for Lee Smith. He was coached by his father <mask> for all of his childhood years. Closer career
In , he became the regular closer for the Angels and had 36 saves with 100 strikeouts in 74 innings. He is one of only six pitchers in the Angels' 44-year history to strike out at least 100 batters in a season without starting a game. The others are Mark Clear (105, ), DeWayne Buice (109, ), Bryan Harvey (101, ) Scot Shields (109, ) and Francisco Rodríguez (123, 2004). He had a career-high 42 saves in , and enjoyed his best season in  with a 4–1 record, 40 saves, 68 strikeouts, and a 1.92 ERA.That year en route to winning the World Series he was 7 for 7 in save opportunities, tying John Wetteland for most saves in one postseason (since tied by Brad Lidge, Koji Uehara and Greg Holland; Robb Nen was also 7 for 7 but blew one on the 8th opportunity). A four-time All-Star, <mask> compiled a 29–38 record with a 2.99 ERA in 586.2 innings for the Angels. His 355 saves grant him inclusion in the 300 save club. However, his strikeouts per nine innings went down considerably after his years as an elite closer. In , his K/9 rate was 11.08. In 2002, 10.86. In , 8.76.And in 2004, it dropped all the way to 5.98. His fastball, once clocked consistently at 96 -100 MPH, was down to about 92 - 93 MPH in 2004, due to a degenerative hip condition that first appeared in 2003, which forced him to alter his pitching delivery. <mask>'s contract with the Angels expired in 2004 and he became a free agent at the end of that season. Rather than bring Percival back, the Angels decided to turn to young phenom Francisco Rodríguez to close, motivated largely by Rodriguez's much lower price tag and concerns about Percival's age and health. The Angels offered to negotiate a reduced role (at a correspondingly reduced salary) for Percival to return as a setup man, but Percival decided to seek opportunities elsewhere that would allow him to remain a closer. Later career and retirement
Percival signed with the Detroit Tigers as a free agent for the  season. However, after a mediocre start to his career at Comerica Park, during which he converted 8 saves from 11 opportunities and posted an ERA of 5.76, Percival suffered a serious injury to his right forearm in early July.The severity of the injury ended his season, as well put the rest of his career in doubt. After attempting to recuperate, Percival reported to spring training for the Tigers in . However, on his first outing he again suffered significant pain and left the team. After spending the entire 2006 season on the Tigers' disabled list and working for the team as an advance scout, <mask>'s contract with the Tigers expired at the end of the 2006 season. Though he didn't pitch a game during the Tigers' run to the American League Championship, the team voted Percival a ring and a full playoff share. Appreciative of this gesture, he used the money to buy a suite at Comerica Park for his teammate's wives. In November and December 2006, during his time off from baseball, Percival funded and himself built a new clubhouse at the Riverside Sports Complex, the home venue of his college baseball program, UC Riverside.Comeback and second retirement

On January 19, , the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim hired <mask> as a special assignment pitching instructor. However, believing his arm to have finally healed, he requested his release from his minor league coaching contract to pursue a comeback. Percival signed a contract with the St. Louis Cardinals and joined the big league team on June 26, 2007. <mask> was the fourth member of the 2002 championship Angels team to play for the 2007 Cardinals, joining David Eckstein, Scott Spiezio, and Adam Kennedy, as well as former Angels teammate Jim Edmonds. <mask> made his first appearance in the Majors since 2005 on June 29, 2007, against the Cincinnati Reds. He struck out the first batter he faced, David Ross, and was also credited with the win. On November 29, 2007, he signed a two-year, $8 million contract with the Tampa Bay Rays.The contract contained up to $4 million in performance-based incentives. <mask> was the team's primary closer in . On May 22, 2009, a day after allowing 2 runs in 1/3 of an inning against the Oakland Athletics, <mask> was placed on Tampa Bay's disabled list, and has not pitched since. On August 11, 2009 he announced that he was likely to retire, and would cease his attempts at coming back from his current injury. Coaching career
From 2010 to 2012, <mask> was a volunteer pitching coach at Riverside Polytechnic High School. On September 24, 2012, <mask> was hired as head varsity baseball coach at his alma mater,  Moreno Valley High School. On July 26, 2014, he was named head coach of the UC Riverside baseball team.On November 11, 2020, <mask> resigned as head coach of the Highlanders, citing the desire to help his son through the professional ranks as his reason for resignation. Head coaching record

Notes

External links

1969 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American League All-Stars
Anaheim Angels players
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Riverside, California
Boise Hawks players
California Angels players
Detroit Tigers players
High school baseball coaches in the United States
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Memphis Redbirds players
Midland Angels players
Palm Springs Angels players
People from Moreno Valley, California
Sportspeople from Riverside, California
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tampa Bay Rays players
UC Riverside Highlanders baseball coaches
UC Riverside Highlanders baseball players
Vancouver Canadians players

masks:
Troy Eugene Percival
Richard Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival
Percival


title: Maurice Murphy (director)

texts:
<mask> (born 1939 in Sydney) is an Australian film and television director, producer, writer and actor. He is best known for his influential work as a director of TV comedy programs for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation – most notably The Aunty Jack Show – and for his 1980 feature film adaptation of the Australian comic strip Fatty Finn. After a month as a Melbourne University student, <mask> realised that his true calling was in the entertainment world. For the next three years, he financed his theatrical pursuits at The Little Theatre in South Yarra, by working at the Victorian Railways. In 1960, <mask> joined the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) where he worked his way up to being a director: 'The ABC was a great training institute at that time, and a place which allowed me much creative freedom. I learned a great deal there'. His first big break was in 1967 with the big budget 20-episode variety series, I'm Alright Now, with Reg Livermore.In 1973, <mask> became Head of Entertainment at the ABC. Influences
<mask>'s show biz enthusiasm was well-developed long before his ABC years. As a young child he was enthralled by the physical comedy of the clowns at Wirth's Circus. Later at boarding school he discovered Abbott & Costello films, delighting in their vaudevillian routines. The cinema became an integral part of <mask>'s school holidays with musicals, Bob Hope and Bing Crosby 'Road' movies and comedies his favourite genres and ones that would influence his future work. Throughout his school years <mask> would regularly escape into the wonders of radio hit parades, spending countless hours analysing pop song structures and writing down lyrics. He applied these skills to television comedies.'I worked out how the shows were structured. I wrote down the scenes. Sketched the sets. Analysed the placement of dialogue and the positions for its delivery. I noticed the similarity in patterning and timing between various shows. I really got to understand how TV comedy was staged', says <mask>. British comedy
<mask> spent 1968–1971 in England working at the BBC and London Weekend Television.He was mentored by Frank Muir and worked with many British comedy stars including Ronnie Barker, Tommy Cooper, Harry Corbett and Wendy Craig. He directed Doctor in the House, starring Robin Nedwell, which was the first non-American comedy series to be bought by US television. In 1968 <mask> directed the 6-episode series of Complete and Utter History of Britain starring Michael Palin and Terry Jones. It was a highly original look at medieval history using television techniques to satirise the events. For instance, the Battle of Hastings was broadcast as a soccer match. The series is regarded as the precursor to Monty Python's Flying Circus and until 2004 it was believed that no copies of the series had survived. Australian comedy
On his return to Australia in 1972, <mask> helped to create the ground-breaking anarchistic comedy, The Aunty Jack Show, starring Grahame Bond, Rory O'Donoghue, John Derum and Sandra McGregor.He used some unorthodox methods to get the show to air. After the first episode was screened, the ABC received more than 1000 complaints and <mask> knew he had a winner. A spin-off from The Aunty Jack Show was The Norman Gunston Show, a comic satire featuring an unsophisticated reporter from Wollongong. The Gunston character was devised by Wendy Skelcher and played by Garry McDonald. The series achieved considerable success and inspired several contemporary comedians. Norman Gunston has the distinction of being the only television character, as opposed to an actor known for playing a character, to win a Gold Logie, the premier Australian television accolade. In 1975, the first colour television to appear on Australian screens was a brilliant sketch devised by <mask> and Grahame Bond, in which a black and white Aunty Jack tried in vain to stop colour slowly seeping into the scene.<mask> believes that comedy has a very important social role to play, and is also important for us individually. One of his recurrent themes is that the children within us are able to overcome the adult world with absurdist humour. Films
<mask> has written, directed or produced a number of independent feature films. His first films were ones for children, Fatty Finn and Doctors and Nurses, stories in which children were at odds with the adult world. Then a young adult satirical comedy with the emphasis on fun, Exchange Lifeguards (aka  Wet and Wild Summer! starring Julian McMahon, Christopher Atkins and Elliott Gould. More serious was his family tale of love in wartime, 15 Amore starring Lisa Hensley and Steve Bastoni.15 Amore was voted the Audience Favourite Feature at the Aspen Filmfest in 1998 and was awarded the Crystal Palm Award at the Marco Island Film Festival in 2000. More recently, the ethereal singing of the students of New Zealand's Toi Whakaari inspired <mask> to create a musical feature film, Zenolith, as a vehicle for their talents. He co-wrote the song lyrics with Lee Hatherly and secured the collaboration of New Zealand composer, Gareth Farr, and the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra. In 2014, he wrote and directed a feature-length historical documentary about Queen Elizabeth II, When the Queen Came to Town. Ethos
<mask> has always enjoyed having fun with technology and pushing it to the limits, often with budgetary constraints. He believes such limitations inspire innovation. In 1965 he invented a way of reversing video tape to enable images to be run backwards.In 1990, <mask> made Let's Do Lunch, the first television series in the world to be filmed on Handicam. <mask>'s work is characterised by variety and diversity. He continues to challenge himself with new adventures and projects. He has recently written, produced and starred in several one-man stage shows. In 2016 he was the consultant editor for The Mathematics Book, a coffee table book by Helen Prochazka created to make mathematics accessible for adults who would like to know more about the subject. <mask> and Prochazka have co-written the lyrics for a cycle of 14 mathematics songs that complements the book. The pop song poetry project  was presented at the 2014 Bridges Organization conference in Seoul.The album was released in 2016, the music written and performed by Nic Courto and Craig M Wood. Currently <mask> is also developing an opera about Sir Edmund Hillary and an animation feature film, Marsupia. <mask> has always sought out and encouraged new talent and continues to work with emerging film makers and entertainers. Director

Television shows
 The Whole Show (2000) TV special
 Let's Do Lunch (1990) TV series (6 episodes)
 News Free Zone (1985) TV series (50 episodes)
 The Tea Ladies (1978) TV series (9 episodes)
 Freddy Starr Special (1978) TV special
 The Little Big Show (1978) TV special
 The Off Show (1977) TV series aka The Of Show (Australia) (9 episodes)
 Alvin Purple (1976) TV series (13 episodes)
 Flash Nick from Jindavick (1974–75) TV series (6 episodes)
 The Very Best of The Aunty Jack Show (1973) TV special
 Aunty Jack Rox On (1972) TV special
 Doctor in Charge (1972) TV series (6 episodes)
 A Nice Day at the Office (1972) (6 episodes)
 The Aunty Jack Show (1971–72) TV series (13 episodes)
 The Comedy Game (1971–73) TV series (14 episodes)
 Not Only… But Also (1971) TV special
 The Dudley Moore Trio (1971) TV special
 Six Dates with Barker (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
 Hark at Barker (1970) TV series (6 episodes)
 Doctor in the House (1969) TV series (9 episodes)
 Complete and Utter History of Britain (1969) TV series (6 episodes)
 I'm Alright Now (1967) TV series (20 episodes)

Feature films
 When the Queen Came to Town (documentary) (2014)
 Zenolith (2008)
 15 Amore (1998)
 Wet and Wild Summer! (1992) aka "Exchange Lifeguards" (Australia)
 Doctors & Nurses (1981)
 Fatty Finn (1980)

Stage shows
 My Imaginary Family (2011)
 Maurice (2007)
 Aunty Jack Show and Tell (2006)
 Good Story (2003)
 Screenplay (2003)
 Razzle Dazzle (1975)
 Hamlet on Ice (1974)
 Aunty Jack and the Gong in Bloody Concert (1973)

Producer

Television shows
 The Whole Show (2000) TV special
 I Do! I Do!

masks:
Maurice Brendan Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy


title: Martin Ferris

texts:
<mask> (born 28 March 1952) is a former Irish Sinn Féin politician and former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteer who served as a Teachta Dála (TD) from 2002 to 2020. Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Strand Street in Tralee, County Kerry, in 1952. His father was a farmer who was also a caretaker for Barrow House, which was at that time owned by an aunt. He was educated locally at Barrow National School, before going on to St Mary's CBS (The Green) and Tralee Technical School. He left school early, working on his family's farm and as a fisherman. His father died from a stroke in 1970. <mask> met his wife, Máire (née Hoare), after his release from Portlaoise Prison in 1977.They married in January 1978 and have six children. A daughter, Toiréasa, is a former Cathaoirleach (chairperson) of Kerry County Council and Kerry County Councillor for the Tralee electoral area. Gaelic football career
<mask> played in the Cotter Cup at the under-14 age group as a back. He played as centre forward for Churchill GAA. He began his inter-county career in 1972 playing Under-21 football for Kerry. He lined out as a forward, beating Cork at the Munster final, although the team was beaten by Galway at the All Ireland Final. Despite being on the run, he was selected in 1973.He won an All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship medal with Kerry, beating Mayo 2–12 to 0–13. His career was interrupted by his imprisonment later that year. After being released he resumed playing for Churchill and was selected by Mick O'Dwyer to play for the Seniors in 1978. <mask> left the Kerry training panel after the Munster final that year (in which he was unable to play), owing to poor health and Garda Special Branch surveillance. IRA activity
<mask> joined the Provisional IRA shortly after the death of his father on 29 May 1970. Aged 18, he was sworn in by Paddy Kelly and Liam Cotter, a former vice-chairman of the Kerry County Board of the GAA. The IRA in Kerry was under the direction of the IRA's Southern Command, whose main responsibility was to support IRA activity in Northern Ireland.From September 1974 to February 1975, <mask> was on the run. He was suspected of having taken part in a robbery at the Tralee post office, which resulted in £74,000 being stolen, and a robbery at the Chase Manhattan Bank in Shannon, County Clare in December 1974 which led to the theft of £159,000. He was arrested by Gardaí in Youghal, County Cork, on 14 February 1975, along with two other IRA members, viz., Danny O'Sullivan and Robert McNamara. The Gardaí had been on the alert after a robbery at Central Dairies in Dungarvan, County Waterford. They were later tried by the Special Criminal Court where O'Sullivan was sentenced to six and eight years concurrently. <mask> was not convicted of robbery but was remanded to Portlaoise Prison pending further charges of membership in the IRA as a proscribed organisation. He was sentenced to 12 months in Portlaoise.He was released after nine months in November 1975. He was arrested again in February 1976 at a Garda roadblock in Ballinrobe, County Mayo after attending the funeral of Frank Stagg. On 16 February, he was charged with IRA membership at the Special Criminal Court in Dublin, and sentenced to 18 months in prison. In March 1977, <mask> took part in a hunger strike along with 20 other prisoners, demanding a public inquiry into conditions in the prison. After 32 days he was transferred to Curragh Military Hospital. The hunger strike ended after 47 days. A guarantee had been given to the prisoners by Bishop James Kavanagh that the government would work to improve prison conditions.Although conditions improved somewhat, Tim Pat Coogan—a nationalist historian and former editor of The Irish Press—noted that after a visit in 1977 tensions still remained, and mentioned reports of visitors being denied visits after long distances and that strip searching was still carried out. <mask> was released two months later in June 1977. In September 1984, <mask> attempted to import seven tons of explosives, firearms and ammunition, as well as medications, training manuals, and communications equipment, using the fishing vessel Marita Ann, which was piloted by Mike Browne, another IRA member. The plan involved rendezvousing with the trawler Valhalla, captained by Bob Anderson, which sailed from Boston, Massachusetts, transferring arms and ammunition to the Marita Ann and sailing to the south coast of County Kerry, where a number of cars were on standby to deliver the weapons to various Provisional IRA arms dumps. The Marita Ann was intercepted by the Irish Navy vessels the LÉ Emer and the LÉ Aisling off the south coast of Kerry with the weapons and ammunition on board. The crew were arrested. On 11 December 1984, <mask> and two other members of the Marita Ann crew, including Browne and a United States citizen, John Crawley, were sentenced to ten years imprisonment at Portlaoise Prison.Gavin Mortimer and John McCarthy both received suspended sentences. He was released on 11 September 1994. In February 2005, the Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Michael McDowell, using parliamentary privilege, named <mask>—as well as Gerry Adams and <mask>—as a member of the IRA Army Council, an allegation that has been denied by <mask> and the Sinn Féin leadership. In July of that year, the Irish Independent reported that <mask>, along with Adams and McGuinness, had stepped down from the Army Council in the lead-up to an IRA statement on its future. <mask> has courted controversy by his refusal to condemn the murder of Detective Garda Jerry McCabe during a botched Post Office raid by the Provisional IRA in 1996. <mask> had also greeted Pearse McAuley and Kevin Walsh, the men charged with the manslaughter of Garda McCabe, upon their release from prison as part of the Good Friday Agreement. Political career

Kerry County Council
Following his release from prison he began focusing on community activism, particularly against drug dealing in Kerry.He was appointed to the Sinn Féin Árd Chomhairle in 1995. He ran for election to the Dáil at the 1997 general election in the Kerry North constituency, polling 5,691 first-preference votes, but was not elected. At the 1999 local elections he was elected to Kerry County Council and Tralee town council, though he failed to be elected to the European Parliament in an election held on the same day. Dáil Éireann
<mask> was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 2002 general election for Kerry North, topping the poll and unseating former Tánaiste Dick Spring. During the election campaign <mask> was arrested but later released. He later claimed that he had been verbally and physically assaulted while in Garda custody. His biographer J.J. Barrett described the Garda surveillance of <mask> as "unhealthy", writing that "it was to backfire seriously".He was re-elected in Kerry North at the 2007 general election, moving successfully to Kerry North–West Limerick for the 2011 general election and in 2016 to the Kerry constituency, again successfully. In the 31st Dáil he was the Sinn Féin spokesperson on Agriculture and Rural Development, and also on the Marine and Natural Resources. At the 2017 Sinn Féin Ard Fheis, Gerry Adams confirmed neither himself nor <mask> would be standing at the 2020 Irish general election. References

Sources
Barrett, J.J.; "<mask>: Man of Kerry", ,

External links
<mask>'s page on the Sinn Féin website
An Phoblacht Interview: <mask> – a life in struggle

1952 births
Living people
Churchill Gaelic footballers
Irish republicans
Irish sportsperson-politicians
Kerry inter-county Gaelic footballers
Local councillors in County Kerry
Members of the 29th Dáil
Members of the 30th Dáil
Members of the 31st Dáil
Members of the 32nd Dáil
People convicted of arms trafficking
Politicians from County Kerry
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Republicans imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
Sinn Féin TDs (post-1923)

masks:
Martin Ferris
Ferris
Martin
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Martin McGuinness
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Ferris
Martin Ferris
Martin Ferris
Martin Ferris


title: Erel Margalit

texts:
<mask> (; born 1 January 1961) is an Israeli high-tech and social entrepreneur. He is the founder and Executive Chairman of the Jerusalem-based venture capital firm Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP) and the founder of two non-profit organizations “Bakehila” and “Israel Initiative 2020” establishing seven regions of excellence that combine technology and education. He served as a member of the Knesset on behalf of the Labor Party, from election in January 2013 until resigning in October 2017. Under <mask>'s leadership, JVP has raised over $1.4 billion across nine funds, spanning all stages of venture capital, and has orchestrated some of the largest exits out of Israel. Forbes international business magazine selected Margalit as the top-ranking non-American venture capitalist on its prestigious "Midas (The Golden Touch) List.” The Marker Magazine named him the best venture capitalist in Israel. Early life
<mask> was born in kibbutz Na'an, the eldest of three siblings. His father, <mask>, was an officer in the IDF Armored Corps and one of the founders of moshav Kfar Haim, and his mother, Mickey, was a founding member of moshav Avihayil.On his mother's side, he is descended from Jews who immigrated to what was then Ottoman Palestine from Bulgaria in the 19th century, prior to the beginning of the First Aliyah. He is a descendant of Shmuel Tagir, one of the founders of Tel Aviv. In 1969, when <mask> was eight years old, the family was sent on a mission to Detroit, Michigan where his father was head of a local Hebrew school. While in high school in Michigan, <mask> became a point-guard on a local basketball team. After returning to Israel in 1971, the family settled in Karmiel before moving to Jerusalem. He attended Rene Cassin High School and continued to play basketball there. Recognition of his talent led to an offer to join the Israeli youth team, but he declined in favor of serving in an IDF combat unit.He served in the Golani Brigade's "Orev" unit as an operations officer, reaching the rank of sergeant major. As a reservist in 1982, he fought in the First Lebanon War with the IDF's airborne anti-tank division. Margalit studied philosophy and English literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he met his future wife. In 1985 Margalit moved to New York to attend Columbia University where he continued towards a doctorate in philosophy and logic. During his studies he was exposed to Michael Porter's "The Competitive Advantage of Nations," which influenced his doctoral dissertation on the subject, "The Entrepreneur as a Leader in the Historical Process." which he completed in 2007. In response to the First Intifada and the anti-Israel activities on American campuses, Margalit organized a dialogue group between Israeli and Arab students.Together with other Israeli doctoral students, among them Yossi Dahan and Yossi Bachar, he established groups on eight leading campuses. Margalit is married to Debbie and has three daughters: Tair, Eden, and Maya. Business career

Jerusalem Development Authority
Returning to Israel in 1990, Margalit began to work at the Jerusalem Development Authority under Uzi Wexler, promoting business development and technological entrepreneurship in Jerusalem. During this time, he worked closely with Teddy Kollek. He also worked in cooperation with American governors, among them Mario Cuomo of New York, Pete Wilson of California, James Florio of New Jersey and Rodney Wallace of Massachusetts. Margalit helped to attract  dozens of technology companies to Jerusalem with the aim of turning the city into a high-tech capital for Israel. In three years, he succeeded in bringing in 70 large technology companies, including Digital and IBM.In June 1994,  Margalit left the JDA and embarked on an independent career. Jerusalem Venture Partners (JVP)

In 1993, <mask> Margalit founded the JVP venture capital fund. In October 2018, the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC) named JVP among its partners on a new cybersecurity initiative, alongside academic institutions including New York University (NYU) and Columbia University. Called Cyber NYC, JVP will operate the initiative's investment arm, Hub.NYC, which will focus on growth-stage startups and will also offer access to clients and business support. Board Positions

Nanit – Board Member
 ControlUp – Board Member
 Earnix – Board Member
 Anyclip- Co-founder & Chairman 2018; Initial investment was in early 2007
 CyberArk (NASDAQ: CYBR) - Chairman – Initial investment 2002, $540M IPO in 2014, sold position for $1.7B between 2014-2016
 QlikTech (NASDAQ:QLIK)- Board Member – Initial investment in 2004, $770M IPO in 2010, sold position in 2012 for $2.5B
 Chromatis- Board Member – Initial investment 1998, Sold to Lucent in 2000 for $4.9B
 Netro- Investor – Initial Investment 1994, $351M IPO  in 1999, sold position for $5.5B
 Cogent Communications (NASDAQ: CCOI)- Board Member – Initial investment 2000, $260M IPO in 2007, valued today at $2B
 Cyoptics- Chairman – Initial investment 1999, Sold to Avago in 2013, $440M
 Precise- Board Member – Initial investment 1996, IPO 2000 sold position for $770M
 Scorpio- Investor – Initial investment 1995, Sold to US Robotics in 1996
 Fundtech- Investor – Initial investment 1995, IPO March 1998
 Paradigm Geophysical- board member – Initial investment in 1995, IPO 1998

The Media Quarter

In 2006, Erel Margalit formed and developed the new Media Quarter in and around the historical train station compound in Jerusalem. With over 200 dynamic entrepreneurs in the Business, Social and Cultural enterprises, the JVP Media Quarter houses start-ups, VC fund JVP, early stage initiative- JVP Play, Our Crowd incubator- Labs/02, the performing arts hub – "Zappa Jerusalem in The Lab," the social profit organization – “In the Community” (Bakehila), as well as a restaurant and a nightclub. Social entrepreneurship

In the Community (Bakehila)
In 2002, Marglit founded the social organization Bakehila (בקהילה "In the Community" in Hebrew) as a means of reducing the socio-economic gap affecting disadvantaged children in Jerusalem.Bakehila runs educational programs in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods of Jerusalem with the goal of raising the students' academic achievements, and promoting the children's personal and interpersonal growth. Thousands of students from Jerusalem have attended the program during its first eight years. In 2012, Bakehila opened an educational enrichment center in the Arab neighborhood of Beit Safafa. In 2018, Bakehila began working in underprivileged neighborhoods in Kiryat Shmona. The Lab (Hama'abada)
Following the events of the Second Intifada and the massive departure of young artists from Jerusalem, <mask> <mask> created The Lab (Hama'abada) to keep and attract young artists in Israel's capital. The Lab provides support and assistance to these artists, providing venues for young Israelis to create, perform, and receive feedback on their work. Today, The Lab is the Jerusalem music club and restaurant, Zappa.Political career

2005 elections
During the 2005 election campaign, <mask> was one of the first businessmen to support Amir Peretz in the general elections. He joined the Labor Party and expressed his support of Peretz's social agenda. Margalit promoted his vision of economic growth whereby the ultra-Orthodox and Arab populations would be integrated in the labor market in Israel, thus taking them out of poverty and alleviating pressure on the middle classes. In addition, Margalit presented a plan for bringing the communities of Israel's geographic periphery closer to the center of the country, both economically and socially. Avoda Now Movement
Since his initial support of the Labor Party, Margalit grew disillusioned with the direction of the party and its leadership. On January 17, 2011, the Chairman of the Labor Party, Ehud Barak, announced his resignation from the Labor Party and the establishment of a new party – "Atzmaut" (Independence Party). Two days after this announcement Margalit helped to found the "Avoda Now" movement together with prominent members of Israel's business, technology, and cultural community, calling for a revival of the Labor Party.The movement launched a public campaign calling the people to join the Labor party lines; with the aim of renewing its institutions, restoring its social values, and choosing a new, dynamic leadership. On April 27, 2011, saying he could "no longer watch from the sidelines as the political situation in Israel deteriorates", <mask> announced his intention to run for the chairmanship of Israel's Labor Party. In the Knesset
On 5 February 2013 <mask> became a Member of the Israeli Knesset and currently serves as a member of the prestigious Finance Committee and the Science and Technology Committee. He has been called the richest member of the Knesset. <mask> was especially active in the 2013 budget discussions criticizing its lack of economic growth engines (See ), and called to cancel the bi-yearly budget. He also led the Opposition on the discussions of the "HARIKUZIUT" bill, aimed to target the over-concentration and centralization in the Israeli economy. <mask> chairs the Parliamentary Task Forces for Economic Development in the North and the Negev, Civilian Cyber Protection and Combating Living Costs in Israel, and co-chairs the Parliamentary Task Force for Small and Medium Businesses, Integrating the Ultra-Orthodox in the High-Tech Sector, Employment for the Arab-Israeli Sector, 40+ Employment , and the Task Force for the City of Jerusalem where he often criticizes the Israeli Government's policy of worrying about Jerusalem's borders but ignoring its content and neglecting its poor economic status.In the 2013 Labor Party leadership election <mask> announced his support for the candidacy of MK Isaac Herzog for chairman. <mask> was re-elected to the Knesset in the 2015 elections. In 2017 he contested the Labor Party leadership election, but was knocked out in the first round of voting. He subsequently resigned from the Knesset in October 2017 and was replaced by Leah Fadida. References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Venture capitalists
Israeli businesspeople
Israeli Sephardi Jews
Columbia University alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli Labor Party politicians
Zionist Union politicians
Members of the 19th Knesset (2013–2015)
Members of the 20th Knesset (2015–2019)
Israeli people of Bulgarian-Jewish descent

masks:
Erel Margalit
Margalit
Erel Margalit
Itzik Margalit
Margalit
Erel
Erel
Erel
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit
Margalit