title: Kommissar Hjuler

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 1967) works as a sound recordist in the field of Noise and Post-industrial music, visual artist, film maker and police officer at Flensburg, a town on the German border with Denmark. He often works together with his wife Mama Baer as Kommissar <mask> und Frau. As self-taught artist he began making music in 1999 and visual art in 2006. He is considered to work in the field of neo dada, whereas his output also contains elements of fluxus, art brut. Work

Music releases are available at independent labels like Intransitive Recordings, and Nihilist Records. Kommissar <mask> und Frau performed at several festivals like Colour out of Space Festival at Brighton, Zappanale, UND #6/ART Karlsruhe, Festival Bruit de la Neige at Annecy, Avantgarde Festival Schiphorst, Blurred Edges Hamburg, Incubate Festival Tilburg, Rapid Ear Movement Festival by Projektgruppe Neue Musik e. V. Bremen, Brise°3 festival Flensburg, and at artists' venues like Morden Tower, Cafe Oto, Z33 Kunstencentrum, MS Stubnitz, Weserburg, iLLUSEUM Amsterdam, Gängeviertel Hamburg, Upper Church Gallery Edinburgh, Centre For Contemporary Art Warsaw/Ujazdów Castle, Museum of Modern Fine Art on Dmitrovskaya (Rostov on Don), KM Music Conservatory, Boekie Woekie Amsterdam, Lokaal01 Breda, Grambacht Mechelen, Extrapool, Künstlerhaus Sootbörn, or Mary Bauermeister's performance space. His visual art has been exhibited in solo and groups shows at locations like the Institute of Contemporary Arts, Schloss Liedberg (Korschenbroich), Museum Obere Saline (Bad Kissing), Neues Museum Weserburg, Haus der Kleinen Künste (München), Kunstverein Harburger Bahnhof (Hamburg), Hamburger Bahnhof (Berlin), Atelierhaus & Galerie A24 (Bergisch-Gladbach), Jan van Eyck Academie, Sallis Benny Theatre (Brighton), VAC Gallery (Northwich), Museum Huelsmann Bielefeld, Museum of Contemporary Art Australia, Museum Brasileiro da Escultura (São Paulo) and at several galleries like Kunstraum Winterthur, Galerie Cross Art (Berlin), Itami City Gallery (Japan), fzkke Euskichen, kunsTTempel (Kassel), The Box (Düsseldorf), ARTpool (St. Petersburg), Fabbrica Immagine (Rome), Flux Factory (Long Island City), Chicago Cultural Center, 6028 Gallery (Chicago), Eyedrum.Selected art works are part of collections like Artpool Art Research Center, Avant Writing Collection by the Ohio State University, Fondazione Bonotto, the VAC Archive Northwich, the Jan van Eyck Academie, the Wolf Vostell Archive, and the ZKM Karlsruhe. Short films by Kommissar <mask> have been presented at European festivals like 12. Internationales Kurzfilmfestival Muenchen 2010, Vienna Independent Shorts 2011, Leeds International Film Festival 2011, and at Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago. Since November 9, 2009 he has been a member of the NO!art movement, founded by Boris Lurie, Stanley Fisher and Sam Goodman at March gallery New York in 1960. The German novelist Peter Rathke, who works under the pseudonym FOLTERGAUL, represented Kommissar <mask> as a character at his novel Im Knast mit Kommissar Hjuler und Mama Baer. Kommissar Hjuler und Frau performed with artists like PAAK/Peter Kastner, Jan van Wissen, Caracho, Uwe Möllhusen, Bernd Brecht, Ludo Mich, Jan van den Dobbelsteen, Eugene Chadbourne, Kenzo Kusuda, Clive Graham, Dead Labour Process, Hundred Foot Road & Sukanyan Sunthareswaran, Closedunruh, Ninni Morgia & Silvia Kastel, Heather Leigh Murray, John Wiese and others. For an art project called FLUXPORN he collaborated with several pornographic actresses like Lena Nitro, Violet Storm, Texas Patti, Annika Bond, Elly Darnell, Samira Summer, Medea Fox, Kiara Kane, Taya Lamai, Kitty Blair, Leonie Lingua and the Playboy photographer Marco Pallotti from Santa Monica.Prizes

International artists' prize by Kleine Zeitung and Innovationskongress Austria, October 2010

References and notes

External links
 Artist's website
 No!art website
 Gallery
 What happened to the happening? Discogs list of Kommissar Hjuler
 Discogs list of Kommissar Hjuler und Frau

German contemporary artists
German experimental musicians
German experimental filmmakers
German industrial musicians
German installation artists
Language poets
German multimedia artists
Place of birth missing (living people)
Neo-Dada
Noise musicians
Outsider artists
German performance artists
German sound artists
German video artists
1967 births
Living people
People from Flensburg
Film people from Schleswig-Holstein

masks:
Kor Hjuler
Detlev Hjuler
Hjuler
Hjuler
Hjuler
Hjuler


title: John Collins (footballer, born 1968)

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 31 January 1968) is a Scottish professional football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He played for Hibernian, Celtic, AS Monaco, Everton and Fulham in a 19-year career. <mask> also represented Scotland 58 times, scoring in the opening match of the 1998 FIFA World Cup against Brazil. He started his coaching career as manager of Hibernian, winning the 2007 Scottish League Cup Final, but resigned later that year. He then had a brief spell as manager of Charleroi in 2009. <mask> was appointed director of football at Livingston in February 2012, but resigned a year later. He then assisted Ronny Deila at Celtic for two years.<mask> has also worked in media coverage of football. Playing career

Hibernian
As a youngster, <mask> played both rugby union and football before turning his attention entirely to football. At youth level, he played for Hutchison Vale between 1980 and 1984, captaining the side for four years, before signing as a professional with Hibernian. <mask> played with the Hibees for six seasons, making his debut in 1985 aged 17, appearing 195 times and scoring 21 goals. During his spell at Easter Road, he was named the PFA Scotland Young Player of the Year for 1988. Celtic
Collins signed for Celtic in 1990, becoming their first million pound player. He generally played on the left side of midfield, scoring 55 goals in 273 appearances.In April 1994, he became the first professional footballer using Adidas Predator boots to score a goal in a top-level match: he scored the opening goal of a 1–1 draw at Ibrox against Rangers, direct from a free-kick on the edge of the penalty box. He repeated that feat from almost the same position in the next Old Firm meeting at the same venue in August of the same year. During his time at Celtic he won only one trophy; the Scottish Cup in 1995. Monaco
<mask> moved to AS Monaco in the summer of 1996 on a free transfer under the Bosman ruling; Under the direction of Fergus McCann, Celtic attempted to obtain compensation for the loss of <mask>, arguing that the Bosman ruling did not apply to this case because AS Monaco were based in the principality of Monaco and outside of European Union jurisdiction. The compensation claim was not successful. <mask> won the French championship in 1997 with Monaco, who then reached the semi-final of the 1997–98 UEFA Champions League, defeating Manchester United in the quarter-final before losing to Juventus. Later career
<mask> moved to Everton in the summer of 1998 for £2 million.He captained Everton before submitting a transfer request in 2000. He then joined Fulham, where he linked up with Jean Tigana, who had been his manager at Monaco. <mask> helped Fulham gain promotion to the Premier League in 2001. He retired in 2003, having not played regularly during the 2002–03 season. Coventry City offered to sign <mask> on loan, but this offer was refused by Fulham because it did not cover his wages fully. In February 2014, <mask> registered as a player with Gala Fairydean Rovers, a club who he had been ambassador for. International
<mask> won 58 caps and scored 12 goals for Scotland.He played for his country at Euro 1996 and the 1998 World Cup. He scored a goal in the opening match of that World Cup, with a penalty kick against Brazil. He retired from international football after the aggregate defeat in the UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying play-offs by England in November 1999. Coaching career
After retiring from club football in 2003, <mask> spent time in Monaco with his family, while also obtaining coaching qualifications including the UEFA Pro Licence. On 31 October 2006, <mask> was appointed as manager of Hibernian. <mask> led Hibernian to their first national trophy in over 15 years, when they defeated Kilmarnock 5–1 in the 2007 Scottish League Cup Final. Despite the League Cup victory, <mask> had a major dispute with his players just weeks later.A delegation of players met chairman Rod Petrie, where they complained about his training methods and match tactics. The players soon backed down and captain Rob Jones offered a public apology to <mask> on their behalf. On 20 December 2007, <mask> resigned from Hibernian with immediate effect, citing a disagreement with the Hibs board about the budget to bring in new players. His decision was taken just one day after the club opened new training facilities. <mask> had also said in October 2007 that he had "no intention" of breaking his contract with Hibs, after turning down a possibility of becoming Queens Park Rangers manager. Lawrie Sanchez was sacked by Fulham the next day, which led to reports that <mask> might move there. <mask> distanced himself from this speculation, and Roy Hodgson was appointed by Fulham a week later.<mask> was interviewed by West Ham United in September 2008. On 15 December 2008, <mask> was appointed as the manager of Belgian club Charleroi. <mask> was reunited with former Hibs striker Abdessalam Benjelloun, but Benjelloun was almost immediately returned to Hibs before being loaned to another Belgian club, Roeselare. <mask> announced his departure from Charleroi after the club secured their First Division status near the end of the season. <mask> was appointed director of football by Livingston in February 2012. He agreed to play for his old amateur club Gala Rovers in a friendly against a Livingston XI on 25 July 2012. He left the club on 28 February 2013, after <mask> disagreed with a decision to remove Gareth Evans from first team coaching.In June 2014, <mask> was appointed to the position of assistant manager at Celtic. He left the club at the end of the 2015–16 season, at the same time as Deila. Media work
<mask> has appeared on the Sky Sports coverage of the UEFA Champions League and Sportscene's coverage of Scotland games. He worked for CBC Sports during their coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Career statistics

International

Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Managerial record

Honours

Player
Celtic
Scottish Cup: 1995

Monaco
Ligue 1: 1997

Fulham
Football League Championship: 2000–01
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2002

Manager
Hibernian
Scottish League Cup: 2007

Individual
Scotland national football team roll of honour : 1998

References

External links

1968 births
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
AS Monaco FC players
Association football midfielders
Celtic F.C. non-playing staff
Celtic F.C.players
Everton F.C. players
Expatriate football managers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Monaco
Fulham F.C. players
Gala Fairydean Rovers F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. managers
Hibernian F.C. players
Ligue 1 players
Living people
Livingston F.C. non-playing staff
People educated at Galashiels Academy
People from Galashiels
Premier League players
R. Charleroi S.C. managers
Scotland international footballers
Scotland under-21 international footballers
Scottish expatriate footballers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in France
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
Scottish Football League players
Scottish football managers
Scottish expatriate football managers
Scottish footballers
Scottish Premier League managers
Sportspeople from the Scottish Borders
English Football League players
UEFA Euro 1996 players
Lothian Thistle Hutchison Vale F.C.players

masks:
John Angus Paul Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


title: Tian Lingzi

texts:
<mask> (田令孜) (died 893), courtesy name Zhongze (仲則), formally the Duke of Jin (晉公), was a powerful eunuch during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang. During most of Emperor Xizong's reign, he had a stranglehold on power due to his close personal relationship with Emperor Xizong as well as his control over the eunuch-commanded Shence Armies, even throughout Emperor Xizong's flight to Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan) in the face of Huang Chao's agrarian rebellion. Late in Emperor Xizong's reign, he was forced to give up his powerful position after his dispute with the warlord Wang Chongrong led to multiple rebellions that rendered the Tang court virtually powerless over the warlords, and he was given refuge by his brother Chen Jingxuan, the military governor of Xichuan. In 891, however, Chen was defeated by Wang Jian and forced to surrender Xichuan to Wang. In 893, Wang put Chen and <mask> to death. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born. He was originally surnamed Chen and had at least two brothers, Chen Jingxuan and Chen Jingxun (陳敬珣).The historical accounts were inconsistent as to whether he was from the Shu (蜀, i.e., modern Sichuan) region (as per his biography in the New Book of Tang) or from Xu Prefecture (許州, in modern Xuchang, Henan) (as per the Zizhi Tongjian when describing Chen Jingxuan's origins)  It was said that he entered the palace as an eunuch under his adoptive father, presumably a eunuch named <mask>, during the middle of Emperor Yizong's Xiantong era (860–874). It was said that he was literate, read much, and was capable of strategies. During Emperor Yizong's reign, he served as a eunuch who oversaw the imperial stables, and he became close to Emperor Yizong's son Li Yan the Prince of Pu. During Emperor Xizong's reign

Before Huang Chao's attack on Chang'an
Emperor Yizong died in 873, and Li Yan, with the support of the eunuchs Liu Xingshen (劉行深) and Han Wenyue (韓文約), who were then the commanders of the Shence Armies, was made emperor (as Emperor Xizong). Soon after Emperor Xizong became emperor, he made <mask> Lingzi one of the directors of palace communications (Shumishi), and in 875 further made <mask> the commander of the Right Shence Army. It was said that because Emperor Xizong, who was then 13, liked to spend his time in games, he entrusted the matters of state to Tian, and went as far as referring to <mask> as "Father." Whenever <mask> met with Emperor Xizong, he would prepare two plates of snacks, and they would drink and snack together.At Tian's suggestion, much of the wealth of the Chang'an merchants were seized and placed in the palace storage. Anyone who dared to complain was battered to death, and the imperial officials did not dare to intercede. As of 880, the Tang realm was being overrun by agrarian rebels, the strongest of which was Huang Chao. As the imperial armies were having difficulty containing the rebellions, Tian began considering the contingency plan, in case Chang'an were attacked, of taking the emperor to the Shu region. He thus recommended his brother Chen Jingxuan, who was then a general of the imperial guards, as well as several generals he trusted, Yang Shili, Niu Xu (牛勗), and Luo Yuangao (羅元杲), as potential military governors for the region, also known as the Sanchuan (三川) — i.e., the three circuits of Xichuan, Dongchuan (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan), and Shannan West (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi). Emperor Xizong had the four of them play a ballgame to determine the order they would be commissioned. Chen won the game, and was made the military governor of Xichuan, while Yang was given Dongchuan and Niu Shannan West.During this period, <mask> governed in association with the chancellor Lu Xi. By winter 880, Huang was approaching Tong Pass. <mask> and the chancellor Cui Hang suggested that Emperor Xizong carry out the contingency plan to flee to the Sanchuan region. Emperor Xizong initially refused and ordered Tian to have the imperial guards try to defend Tong Pass. The soldiers that <mask> was able to gather, however, were new and inexperienced, and they were unable to aid the imperial forces already gathered at Tong Pass in time. <mask> blamed Lu for the defeats, and Lu committed suicide. He then took Emperor Xizong, along with four imperial princes and a few imperial consorts, and fled Chang'an, heading toward Xichuan's capital Chengdu.Huang took Chang'an and, after initially living at <mask>'s mansion and then moving into the palace, declared himself the emperor of a new state of Qi. During Emperor Xizong's first flight from Chang'an
Emperor Xizong's train first fled to Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), where the former chancellor <mask> was military governor. After authorizing Zheng to oversee the resistance operation against Huang Chao, Emperor Xizong further fled to Shannan West, and then, at Chen Jingxuan's invitation, to Xichuan. (It was on this flight from Chang'an that <mask> Lingzi would offend Emperor Xizong's brother Li Jie the Prince of Shou — the future Emperor Zhaozong, as during the flight, there was a time when Li Jie, then 13, became exhausted as the imperial train was going through rugged terrain on foot. He requested that <mask> give him a horse, and Tian responded, "We are in high mountains. Where can we find horses?" Tian then hit the prince with a whip and ordered him to continue, causing Li Jie to bear a deep grudge against him.)Once the imperial train arrived at Xichuan's capital Chengdu, however, <mask>an troops by giving great rewards to the imperial guard soldiers that followed Emperor Xizong to Chengdu, while not sharing those rewards with Xichuan troops. After the officer Guo Qi (郭琪) complained, <mask> tried to poison Guo to death, but failed. Guo responded by starting a mutiny, but his mutiny was quickly defeated. When the advisory official Meng Zhaotu (孟昭圖) submitted a petition that urged Emperor Xizong to not just consult with <mask> and Chen on the affairs of state but to listen to advice from the chancellors, <mask> suppressed Meng's petition, exiled Meng, and had Meng killed in exile, to stifle criticism. Subsequently, when the lead chancellor Wang Duo was put in charge of the overall operations against Huang but was initially unsuccessful until Wang adopted the suggestion by the eunuch monitor Yang Fuguang to enlist the aid of the Shatuo chieftain Li Keyong, <mask> used this as excuse, in spring 883, after the imperial forces defeated Huang and caused Huang to abandon Chang'an, to remove Wang as the commander of the operations against Huang. Further, he persuaded the chancellors and the regional governors to submit petitions to Emperor Xizong praising <mask> himself of his contributions, and therefore Emperor Xizong made <mask> the commander of all imperial guards. Later in the year, after Yang Fuguang died, <mask> used the opportunity to remove Yang Fuguang's cousin Yang Fugong from his post as director of palace communications.Meanwhile, <mask>, who by this point was at Chengdu and serving as chancellor, was not willing to simply agree with <mask>'s and Chen's requests, and <mask> reacted by encouraging Li Changyan (a subordinate of Zheng's who had expelled Zheng from Fengxiang in 881) to threaten not to allow Zheng through Fengxiang when Emperor Xizong would be returning to Chang'an. Zheng was forced to resign and retire to Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern Chengdu). Meanwhile, <mask> and Chen had also alienated Yang Shili by promising to make another general, Gao Renhou, the military governor of Dongchuan. <mask> tried to preempt any actions Yang might take by summoning Yang to Chengdu in spring 884. Yang reacted by openly declaring a campaign against <mask> and Chen. Gao subsequently waged a campaign against Yang, putting Dongchuan's capital Zi Prefecture (梓州) under siege. Yang's subordinate Zheng Junxiong (鄭君雄) then killed Yang and surrendered.By this point, one of the former subordinates of Yang Fuguang's, Lu Yanhong, had seized Shannan West Circuit. Tian enticed Lu's subordinates Wang Jian, Han Jian, Zhang Zao (張造), Jin Hui (晉暉), and Li Shitai (李師泰) to abandon Lu and flee to him. <mask> then adopted the five of them as sons, and put them directly under his command without incorporating them into the imperial guard command structure. He then attacked Lu, and Lu abandoned Shannan West and fled. Subsequently, in spring 885, with <mask> escorting him, Emperor Xizong finally returned to Chang'an, yet <mask> continued to be in control of the governance. During and after Emperor Xizong's second flight from Chang'an
Once the imperial train returned to Chang'an, however, the imperial government was caught in a major financial crunch — as, in the aftermaths

masks:
Tian Lingzi
Tian
Tian Lingzi
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Zheng Tian
Tian
Tian
Tianchu
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Zheng Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian
Tian


title: Tian Lingzi

texts:
 of Huang Chao's rebellion, the circuits became far more independent from the imperial government than ever, and were not submitting their tax revenues to the imperial government, which was only receiving such remittance from Chang'an and the surrounding regions. As <mask> Lingzi greatly expanded the Shence Armies during the time Emperor Xizong was in Xichuan, the imperial government was unable to pay for all of the soldiers' and officials' salaries.<mask> tried to remedy the situation by ordering the control of the salt pools in Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) be returned to the imperial government so that the revenues could be restored. The military governor of Hezhong, Wang Chongrong, did not want to give up the salt pools, and submitted repeated petitions opposing the order. The situation was further exacerbated when <mask> sent his adoptive son <mask> Kuangyou (田匡祐) to Hezhong as an emissary, as, while Wang initially received <mask> Kuangyou with respect, <mask> Kuangyou's arrogance offended the Hezhong soldiers. Wang thereafter publicly denounced <mask> Kuangyou and <mask> <mask>, and it was only at the intercession of the Hezhong eunuch monitor that Wang allowed <mask> Kuangyou to leave Hezhong. When <mask> Kuangyou returned to Chang'an, he urged <mask> <mask> to take action against Wang. In summer 885, <mask> had Emperor Xizong issue an edict transferring Wang to Taining Circuit (泰寧, headquartered in modern Jining, Shandong), Taining's military governor Qi Kerang to Yiwu Circuit (義武, headquartered in modern Baoding, Hebei), and Yiwu's military governor Wang Chucun to Hezhong. Wang Chongrong, incensed, refused to report to Taining and aligned himself with Li Keyong, who had then become the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi).He also submitted a petition denouncing <mask> <mask> for 10 crimes. (Wang Chucun also tried to intercede on Wang Chongrong's behalf, but <mask> did not relent.) <mask>, in turn, aligned himself with Li Changyan's brother Li Changfu (who had succeeded Li Changyan as the military governor of Fengxiang after Li Changyan's death in 884) and Zhu Mei the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi). The Shence Army soldiers rendezvoused with the Jingnan and Fengxiang soldiers, and they attacked Hezhong. Wang Chongrong and Li Keyong then joined forces and engaged the Shence/Jingnan/Fengxiang armies at Shayuan (沙苑, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi) in winter 885. The Hezhong/Hedong forces prevailed, and after the defeat, Zhu and Li Changfu fled back to their own circuits. Li Keyong headed toward Chang'an.<mask> escorted Emperor Xizong and fled to Fengxiang. <mask> then, against Emperor Xizong's wishes, forced Emperor Xizong to further flee to Shannan West's capital Xingyuan (興元). It was said that, by this point, the people of the realm were thoroughly disgusted with <mask>, and Zhu and Li Changfu, ashamed of aligning with him, also turned against him, and sent soldiers to chase after Emperor Xizong. They were not successful, however, and the imperial guards subsequently took control of Xingyuan, forcing Zhu's ally Shi Junshe (石君涉) to flee. Meanwhile, Zhu captured Emperor Xizong's distant relative Li Yun the Prince of Xiang and had Li Yun declared emperor at Chang'an. Facing universal condemnation, <mask> recommended Yang Fugong to succeed him and commissioned himself as the eunuch monitor of the Xichuan army, and subsequently left for Xichuan. By 887, Zhu had been killed by his own subordinate Wang Xingyu, and Wang Chongrong killed Li Yun.Emperor Xizong was thus able to return to Chang'an. He issued an edict stripping <mask> of all of his titles and exiling Tian to Duan Prefecture (端州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong). However, as <mask> was then under Chen Jingxuan's protection, the exile order was never carried out. Meanwhile, <mask>'s former subordinate and adoptive son Wang Jian had taken his soldiers and made them into a band of roving raiders, loosely aligned with Gu Yanlang the military governor of Dongchuan. Chen feared that Wang and Gu would join their forces and attack Xichuan. <mask> suggested that he try to summon Wang to join the Xichuan army, and Chen agreed. <mask> did so in winter 887, but subsequently, as Wang was marching toward Xichuan in response to <mask>'s summons, Chen's subordinate Li Ai (李乂) persuaded him that Wang would be dangerous to have in his realm.Chen thereafter tried to stop Wang from further advancing. Wang, in anger, defeated soldiers that Chen sent to try to stop him, and marched all the way to Chengdu. When <mask> went onto the city walls to try to resolve the situation, Wang bowed to him but stated that since the situation left him with nowhere to go, he would be truly a rebel from this point on. Wang put Chengdu under siege, but was unable to immediately capture it. Emperor Xizong sent emissaries to try to mediate the situation, but neither Chen nor Wang accepted the mediation. During Emperor Zhaozong's reign
Emperor Xizong died in spring 888, and Li Jie, with Yang Fugong's support, became emperor (as Emperor Zhaozong). Meanwhile, Wang Jian submitted a petition to the new emperor condemning Chen Jingxuan and offering to serve as an assistant to any general that the imperial government might commission to replace Chen.Gu Yanlang also submitted a petition requesting that Chen be transferred. Emperor Zhaozong, who still bore a grudge against <mask>, decided to accept Wang and Gu's proposal. He commissioned the chancellor Wei Zhaodu as the military governor of Xichuan to replace Chen and summoned Chen back to Chang'an to serve as a general of the imperial guards. When Chen refused, he declared Chen a renegade and ordered Wei, Wang, and Gu to attack. The imperial campaign against Chen, however, stalled, despite the joint forces' putting Chengdu under siege. By 891 Emperor Zhaozong's officials had become convinced that it would not succeed. Emperor Zhaozong therefore issued an edict restoring Chen's titles and ordering Gu and Wang (whom Emperor Zhaozong had given the title of military governor of a newly carved out Yongping Circuit (永平, headquartered in modern Chengdu at nearby Qiong Prefecture) to return to their own posts.Wang, believing that success was imminent, instead intimidated Wei into surrendering his army to Wang and returning to Chang'an. Wang took control of the army and continued the intense attacks on Chengdu, while sending parts of the army to capture the other cities of Xichuan. Wang also cut off supplies that Yang Sheng (楊晟) was sending from Peng Prefecture (彭州, in modern Chengdu) to Chengdu. In fall 888, desperate, <mask> conversed with Wang from the top of the city walls. Wang promised that he would continue to treat Tian as a father if Chen surrendered. That night, <mask> went to Wang's camp and formally surrendered Chen's seals. Wang accepted, and apologized to Tian, asking that the father-son relationship be restored.Wang took control of Xichuan. He commissioned Chen's son Chen Tao (陳陶) as the prefect of Ya Prefecture (雅州, in modern Ya'an, Sichuan) and had Chen Jingxuan accompany his son to Ya Prefecture. Meanwhile, he kept <mask> under house arrest in Chengdu. Despite Wang's declaration that he would honor <mask> again as father, he was repeatedly submitting petitions to the imperial government to order the executions of Chen Jingxuan and <mask>. The imperial government never did so, however, and in summer 893 Wang decided to take things into his own hands. Accusing Chen of plotting a rebellion, he put Chen to death. He also accused <mask> of communicating with Fengxiang's then-military governor Li Maozhen (whom <mask> had treated well before while Li Maozhen served at the Shence Armies and who had tried to intercede on <mask>'s behalf) and put Tian to death.As he was facing death, <mask> tore apart linen strips and stated to the executioner, "I had previously overseen the 10 armies [(i.e., the imperial guards)]. You need to kill me properly." He then showed the executioner how he could be strangled with the linen, and the executioner did so. Later, during the middle of Emperor Zhaozong's Qianning era (894–898), for reasons unclear, <mask>'s titles were posthumously restored. Modern references
Hong Kong actor Kent Tong portrayed <mask> <mask> in the 2014 Chinese television series The Great Southern Migration. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 184.New Book of Tang, vol. 208. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259. 9th-century births
893 deaths
Tang dynasty eunuchs
Tang dynasty generals
People executed by strangulation
Executed Tang dynasty people
People executed by the Tang dynasty
9th-century executions
9th-century Chinese

masks: Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Lingzi Tian Tian Tian Lingzi Tian Tian Lingzi Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Tian Lingzi


title: Amy Levy

texts:
<mask> (10 November 186110 September 1889) was a British essayist, poet, and novelist best remembered for her literary gifts; her experience as the first Jewish woman at Cambridge University and as a pioneering woman student at Newnham College, Cambridge; her feminist positions; her friendships with others living what came later to be called a "New Woman" life, some of whom were lesbians; and her relationships with both women and men in literary and politically activist circles in London during the 1880s. Biography
<mask> was born in Clapham, an affluent district of London, on 10 November 1861, to Lewis and <mask>. She was the second of seven children born into a Jewish family with a "casual attitude toward religious observance" who sometimes attended a Reform synagogue in Upper Berkeley Street. As an adult, <mask> continued to identify herself as Jewish and wrote for The Jewish Chronicle. <mask> showed an interest in literature from an early age. At 13, she wrote a criticism of Elizabeth Barrett Browning's feminist work Aurora Leigh; at 14, <mask>'s first poem, "Ida Grey: A Story of Woman's Sacrifice", was published in the journal Pelican. Her family was supportive of women's education and encouraged <mask>'s literary interests; in 1876, she was sent to Brighton and Hove High School and later studied at Newnham College, Cambridge.<mask> was the first Jewish student at Newnham when she arrived in 1879 but left before her final year without taking her degree. Her circle of friends included Clementina Black, Ellen Wordsworth Darwin, Dollie Radford, Eleanor Marx (daughter of Karl Marx), and Olive Schreiner. While travelling in Florence in 1886, <mask> met Vernon Lee, a fiction writer and literary theorist six years her senior, and fell in love with her. Both women went on to explore the themes of sapphic love in their works. Lee inspired <mask>'s poem "To Vernon Lee". Literary career
The Romance of a Shop (1888), <mask>'s first novel, is regarded as an early "New Woman" novel and depicts four sisters who experience the difficulties and opportunities afforded to women running a business in 1880s London, <mask> wrote her second novel, Reuben Sachs (1888), to fill the literary need for "serious treatment ... of the complex problem of Jewish life and Jewish character", which she identified and discussed in a 1886 article "The Jew in Fiction." <mask> wrote stories, essays, and poems for popular or literary periodicals; the stories "Cohen of Trinity" and "Wise in Their Generation", both published in Oscar Wilde's magazine The Woman's World, are among her most notable.In 1886, <mask> began writing a series of essays on Jewish culture and literature for The Jewish Chronicle, including The Ghetto at Florence, The Jew in Fiction, Jewish Humour, and Jewish Children. <mask>'s works of poetry, including the daring A Ballad of Religion and Marriage, reveal her feminist concerns. Xantippe and Other Verses (1881) includes "Xantippe", a poem in the voice of Socrates's wife; the volume A Minor Poet and Other Verse (1884) includes more dramatic monologues as well as lyric poems. Her final book of poems, A London Plane-Tree (1889), contains lyrics that are among the first to show the influence of French symbolism. Lesbian speculations
<mask> remains a topic of discussion amongst scholars in terms of whether or not she is to be considered a Victorian Lesbian writer. She had sent several poems to her friend Violet Paget, also known as Vernon Lee, confessing her love. These poems include her famous works "To Vernon Lee" and "New Love, New Life."Both of these pieces express messages of unrequited love to another woman. Scholars continue to debate if these gestures were that of friendship or intense passion. Suicide
<mask> suffered from episodes of major depression from an early age. In her later years, her depression worsened in connection to her distress surrounding her romantic relationships and her awareness of her growing deafness. Two months away from her 28th birthday, she died by suicide "at the residence of her parents ... [at] Endsleigh Gardens" by inhaling carbon monoxide. Oscar Wilde wrote an obituary for her in Women's World in which he praised her gifts. The first Jewish woman to be cremated in England, her ashes were buried at Balls Pond Road Cemetery in London.Selected works
 Xantippe and Other Verse (1881)
 A Minor Poet and Other Verse (1884)
 The Romance of a Shop (1888) novel (republished in 2005 by Black Apollo Press)
 Reuben Sachs: A Sketch (1888) (republished in 2001 by Persephone Books)
 A London Plane-Tree and Other Verse (1889)
 Miss Meredith (1889; a novel)
 The Complete Novels and Selected Writings of <mask>: 1861–1889

References

Sources
 Linda Hunt Beckman, <mask>:  Her Life and Letters. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2000. .
 Iveta Jusová, The New Woman and the Empire. Columbus : Ohio State University Press, 2005. .
 Judith Flanders. Inside the Victorian Home: a Portrait of Domestic Life in Victorian England. New York: W. W. Norton, 2006. Susan Bernstein, ed., Reuben Sachs [with introduction and other readings by <mask> and others]. Broadview Press, 2006.Susan Bernstein, ed., The Romance of a Shop [with introduction and other readings by <mask> and others]. Broadview Press, 2006. External links

 Hurst, Isobel (17 March 2021). <mask>: A London Poet, Rimbaud and Verlaine Foundation
 "<mask>: A Tragic Late Victorian Anglo-Jewish Poet and Novelist" at The Victorian Web. <mask> Chronology at The Victorian Web. <mask> at the Jewish Women's Archive. Some <mask> poems on Cordula's Web.Poems by <mask>. MP3 recording of <mask>'s novel Reuben Sachs: A Sketch from Librivox.org. Critical analysis of <mask>s's work at Enotes. 1861 births
1889 deaths
19th-century English women writers
English women poets
English women novelists
English feminists
English Jews
Jewish poets
British Jewish writers
Victorian women writers
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning
People educated at Brighton and Hove High School
Deaf poets
19th-century English poets
19th-century English novelists
Deaf people from England
Burials at Balls Pond Road Cemetery
1880s suicides

masks:
Amy Judith Levy
Levy
Isl Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Amy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Amy Levy
Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Levy
Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Amy Levy
Levy
Levy


title: Besarion Jughashvili

texts:
<mask>, commonly known as Beso, ( – 25 August 1909) was the father of Joseph Stalin. Born into a peasant family of serfs in Didi Lilo in Georgia, he moved to Tbilisi at a young age to be a shoemaker, working in a factory. He was invited to set up his own shop in Gori, where he met and married Ekaterine Geladze, with whom he had three sons; only the youngest, Ioseb, lived. Once known as a "clever and proud" man, <mask>'s shop failed and he developed a serious drinking problem, wherefore he left his family and moved back to Tbilisi in 1884, working in a factory again. He had little contact with either his wife or son after that point, and little is known of his life from then on, except that he died in 1909 of cirrhosis. Family background and early life
Little is known of the family of <mask>. His grandfather, <mask> (born ), was involved in the 1804 Mtiuleti rebellion against the Russian Empire, which had only annexed eastern Georgia (Kartli-Kakheti) in 1801.Zaza was possibly of Ossetian background, with historian Simon Sebag Montefiore suggesting he came from the village of Geri, near modern South Ossetia, though this claim can not be proven. Zaza escaped the uprising and moved to Didi Lilo, a village about  away from the capital, Tiflis (now Tbilisi). He worked as a serf for Prince Badur Machabeli, tending to his vineyards. There he had a son, Vano, who in turn had two sons: Giorgi, and <mask>, who was likely born around 1850. Vano died young, likely before he turned 50, while Giorgi worked as an innkeeper until he was killed by bandits. With no family left <mask> moved to Tiflis and worked in the G.G. Adelkhanov shoe factory.Already literate, it is likely in Tiflis that he learned Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Russian, in addition to his native Georgian. Around 1870 he was invited to move to Gori, about  from Tiflis, and make shoes for the Russian soldiers garrisoned there. Gori was a small town at the time, with roughly 7000 residents; the majority were Armenian, with a large number of Georgians, as well as small numbers of Russians, Abkhaz, and Ossetians. It grew in importance in 1871 when a branch of the Transcaucasus Railway connected the town to Tiflis and Poti, a major port for oil export. Life in Gori

<mask> set up a shop in the Russian Quarter of Gori, close to the barracks. In 1872 or 1874 he married Ekaterine (Keke) Geladze, a peasant girl who was probably 16. Keke, "an attractive freckled girl with auburn hair," was from the village of Gambareuli near Gori, and had moved to the town at a young age after her father died.They had three children, all boys, though the first two, Mikheil (born 14 February 1875) and Giorgi (born 24 December 1876), died aged two months and six months, respectively. Their third and final son, Ioseb, was born on 6 December 1878. Montefiore writes that after the death of Mikheil, <mask> started to drink heavily, and that the marriage began to deteriorate. Kotkin has also suggested that rumours of infidelity by Keke took a toll on him, especially after the birth of Ioseb, with several men suggested as his possible father. However, Kotkin concedes that "whether Keke was flirtatious, let alone promiscuous, is unclear," and that "reliable evidence about the possible liaisons of the future Stalin's mother is lacking," and argues that <mask> was probably the father. <mask>'s shop was initially quite successful, employing up to ten people as well as apprentices, and the family initially enjoyed a rather high standard of living; a former apprentice would later note that he frequently saw butter in their home, which was an expensive delicacy for most Georgians (however Kotkin writes that the family lived more modestly, eating more traditional foods like lobio, lavash, and badrijani nigvzit). However <mask>'s drinking, exacerbated by a Georgian custom that business paid in part with wine rather than money, had adverse effects on his business and home life.Isaac Deutscher felt that <mask>'s inability to lift his status, "to be his own master," likely contributed to his drinking and frustrations. This idea is echoed by Robert Service, who noted that <mask> did not adapt to make European-style shoes that were popular at the time, and instead kept producing traditional Georgian styles, and suggests that the rumours about Keke were also a major influence on his drinking. Frequently drunk, Jughashvili became violent and routinely would beat Keke (who often hit back) and Iosef, and frequently fought in public, earning the nickname "Crazy Beso." Later life and death

In 1884 <mask> left the family and moved to Tiflis. He returned to his old job at the Adelkhanov factory. He sent some money to Keke, as well as offers to reconcile, but all efforts to do so failed. <mask> was upset when he learned that Keke had enrolled Ioseb in school, instead hoping his son would follow his path and become a cobbler.This led to a major incident in January 1890. Ioseb had been struck by a phaeton, severely injuring him. <mask> returned to Gori and brought his son to a Tiflis hospital, and after Ioseb healed he was apprenticed to the Adelkhanov factory. Keke was adamantly opposed to the idea and used her connections with the church to bring Ioseb back to Gori, where he would continue his studies to become a priest. This marked the last real contact Jughasvhili had with his wife or son, as he cut off contact and financial support when Ioseb left Tiflis. Soon after Ioseb left Tiflis, <mask> seems to have left the Adelkhanov factory. He briefly made shoes in a stall at the Armenian bazaar in Tiflis, and his actions after that are uncertain.He did keep in contact with Ioseb, occasionally sending him hand-made shoes. <mask> also had one final role in Ioseb's life: in January 1900 Ioseb was arrested for the first time, on account of Jughashvili. When <mask> left Didi Lilo he was not removed from the village roles, and still owed taxes as a peasant from the region. It is not clear why Ioseb was arrested instead of his father, who still lived in Tiflis, but Kotkin suggests it was a police tactic to send a message to Ioseb, who had begun his revolutionary activities. In August 1909 <mask> went to the Mikhailovsky Hospital in Tiflis, suffering from tuberculosis, colitis and chronic pneumonia. He died on 12 August 1909, with the cause of death listed as cirrhosis of the liver. Only one person, a fellow cobbler, attended his funeral, and he was buried in an unmarked grave in Telavi.The location of his grave was unknown until 1972, when Kandid Charkviani, the former First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party, led efforts to find it and mark it, though it was not confirmed if <mask>'s remains were still there. Charkviani had previously looked for photos of <mask>, at one point bringing several to Stalin to confirm their authenticity; after looking at them Stalin was unable to confirm if any were his father. There is only one photo purportedly of Jughasvhili, though its authenticity has never been confirmed. Notes

References

Bibliography

1850s births
1909 deaths
People from Kvemo Kartli
People from Tiflis Governorate
Shoemakers
Stalin family
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Disease-related deaths in Georgia (country)
Deaths from cirrhosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Georgia (country)
Deaths from pneumonia in Georgia (country)

masks:
Besarion Ivanes dze Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Besarion Jughashvili
Zaza Jughashvili
Besarion
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili
Jughashvili


title: Robert Quillen

texts:
<mask> (March 25, 1887 – December 9, 1948) was an American  journalist and humorist who for more than a quarter century was "one of the leading purveyors of village nostalgia" from his home in Fountain Inn, South Carolina. In 2012, his office and library was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Youth and early career
Quillen was born in Syracuse, Kansas, near the Colorado border, and was reared in Overbrook, Kansas, a hamlet south of Topeka, where his father, J. D<mask>, published the local newspaper. <mask> early learned to set type and as a teenager sold pen-and-ink drawings and published a monthly magazine. In 1904, shortly before his seventeenth birthday, Quillen joined the U.S. Army under an assumed name (swearing he was 21), but by mid-1905, he had been released from military service. He then spent a few months working for newspapers in the northeastern United States where he had been discharged. In 1906, he answered an ad seeking an editor for a weekly that a publisher hoped to establish in Fountain Inn, South Carolina.Although after his first encounter he remained in Fountain Inn only three months, Quillen there met and married Donnie Cox, a milliner, five years his senior. He moved on to Americus, Georgia, and then took his new bride to Washington state, where Quillen joined forces with his father and worked at publishing newspapers and magazines in Winlock, Anacortes, and Port Orchard. Quillen later wrote that he had gone "busted" in the West. Fountain Inn Tribune

In 1910, when his brother-in-law in Fountain Inn offered to sell him a weekly advertising sheet called News and Notions, Quillen bought it and borrowed money to purchase his own press and type. In the following year Quillen began editing and publishing the newly christened Fountain Inn Tribune, "a well-organized publication overflowing with news of Fountain Inn and outlying communities." At first, as Quillen confessed two decades later, "the natives were a little hot under the collar" at what he called his "hypothetical cases"—thinly veiled descriptions of the locals—but most soon warmed to him like an eccentric aunt. One Fountain Inn man warned a new preacher, "Don't get mad at anything Mr. Quillen says.We're used to him and just overlook his queerness." Among other oddities, Quillen regularly wore a "cowboy-type Stetson," raised a memorial to "Eve, the First Woman," published his father's obituary before he died, used a column to advertise his interest in adopting a baby boy ("must be between three and twelve months of age"), and built himself a faux Greek temple as a work space—which he never used. Facile with words, Quillen took inconsistent political, economic, and racial positions; but he was "not afraid to bare his soul, express personal views, and even vent scorn and anger." For instance, he hated patent medicine, people who put on airs, late night noises (both human and natural), and the cats and jays that killed his beloved song birds. Although a shy man who refused to speak in public, he became something of a "one-man welfare and relief agency for the poor and needy of Fountain Inn." Meanwhile, Quillen engaged in a "never ending struggle" to make the Fountain Inn Tribune pay its own way. With fewer than a thousand subscribers, the newspaper itself was probably never profitable, but Quillen used the ideas generated in Fountain Inn as the basis for pieces that appeared in scores of leading national magazines and newspapers.Twice, frustrated with the time it took to run the weekly, he sold the paper (notoriously in 1926 for one dollar) and twice bought it back. In 1929, Quillen called the Tribune "my hobby—my substitute for golf." Syndicated journalist
By 1932 his work, which included editorials, paragraphs, cartoons, and one-liners, was regularly appearing in four hundred newspapers in the United States, Canada, England, and the Far East. Quillen wrote for such major periodicals such as the Baltimore Sun, the Saturday Evening Post, and The American Magazine, and he "took the greatest pride" in one-liners picked up by Literary Digest. According to a biographer, he was known as the best "paragrapher" of his day. With the assistance of Chicago newspaper executive Eugene P. Conley (co-founder of the Publishers Syndicate), Quillen also syndicated two single-panel cartoons (drawn by John H. Striebel), Aunt Het and Willie Willis — the latter of which was translated into Dutch as Pimmie Pimmel. As early as 1924, Quillen's income from syndicated material alone was probably more than $25,000 — easily ten times that amount in early 21st-century dollars.Well into his forties, <mask> hoped to become a great novelist. Macmillan published his two novels, One Man's Religion (1923) and The Path Wharton Found (1924). The first was "little more than a loose collection of pieces first published in the Saturday Evening Post," the second, a book which one reviewer called a "good enough conventional story, hampered by neither originality nor brilliancy." A decade later Quillen referred to these books as "fortunately out of print." In 1934 Hollywood screen writer Lamar Trotti and producer George Marshall visited Quillen to use him as a prototype for a Will Rogers film, Life Begins at 40, in which Rogers played a small-town newspaper editor. The film credits mentioned Quillen for "contributing dialogue." Personal life

Unable to find the adoptive son for whom he had advertised, Quillen and his wife adopted a baby girl, Louise, to whom Quillen later wrote a noted series of public epistles, "Letters from a Bald-Headed Dad to His Red-Headed Daughter."Shortly after the adoption, his wife died following routine surgery. In 1922, Quillen married another woman from Fountain Inn, Marcelle Babb. Despite years of ill health, Quillen continued to smoke and avoid doctors. He died at a nursing home in Asheville, North Carolina in 1948 and was buried in Fountain Inn. Not surprisingly, he had written and published his own obituary sixteen years earlier, which read in part, "He was a writer of paragraphs and short editorials. He always hoped to write something of permanent value, but the business of making a living took most of his time and he never got around to it. In his youth he felt an urge to reform the world, but during the latter years of his life he decided that he would be doing rather well if he kept himself out of jail."Notes

External links
Historical Marker Database, "Monument to Eve." 1887 births
1948 deaths
Writers from Greenville, South Carolina
People from Osage County, Kansas
Writers from Kansas
American male journalists
American humorists
United States Army soldiers
Burials in South Carolina
People from Hamilton County, Kansas
People from Fountain Inn, South Carolina

masks:
Verni Robert Quillen
. Quillen
Robert
Quillen


title: Craig Packer

texts:
<mask> (born 1950, Fort Worth, Texas) is an American biologist, zoologist, and ecologist chiefly known for his research on lions in Serengeti National Park. He is the founder and director of both the Lion Research Center and Whole Village Project, as well as the co-founder of Savannahs Forever Tanzania. In addition, <mask> has been a professor in the University of Minnesota's department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior since 1983. Since his graduation from Stanford University in 1972, <mask> has become an active researcher and scientist, having published over 100 scientific articles and authored two books. For one of these books - Into Africa - <mask> was awarded the John Burroughs Medal in 1995. He has received various honors and awards in recognition of his work as a biologist. <mask> has been ordained with a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1990, a Distinguished McKnight University Professorship in 1997, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2003.He is a regular contributor to National Geographic and the IUCN. Early years
<mask> was born in Fort Worth, Texas in 1950. He attended his local Eastern Hills High School in 1964 and graduated in 1968. Growing up, Packer was originally interested in being a doctor or an engineer, and originally sought medical school after graduating from high school. However, these fields did not support his desire to work out in the field and to travel to exotic places. Furthermore, Packer was fascinated by evolution and animal ethology. He ultimately abandoned his place in Stanford University’s School of Medicine to work as a field assistant for Jane Goodall in Gombe National Park, Tanzania to study olive baboons.He graduated Stanford in 1972 with a bachelor’s degree in Human Biology. He later attended the University of Sussex to complete his doctoral research on baboons, graduating with a Ph.D. in Behavioral Ecology in 1977. After a subsequent study on Japanese macaques in Hakusan National Park, Packer returned to Tanzania in 1978 as the head of the Serengeti Lion Project. His interest in lions derives from their unique behavior as social carnivorans, and it is a passion he continues to exercise as director of the Lion Research Center. Research

Baboons
While studying at Stanford, Packer was sent to Tanzania to study baboons at the Gombe Stream Research Center with Jane Goodall. During this study, Packer was one of the first ecologists to study complex hypotheses about the adaptive significance of behavior in his studies of coalition formation in baboons and the reasons why male baboons dispersed from their troop of birth to new troops. Packer attended the University of Sussex to complete his baboon research.Serengeti Lion Project
In 1978 <mask> began the Serengeti Lion Project to study various historical questions about lions. One of his biggest contributions to the Serengeti Lion Project was the discovery that successive outbreaks of canine distemper virus had different impacts depending on the rainfall patterns from the previous year. Packer studied how severe droughts led to co-infections of canine distemper virus by a tick-borne parasite, babesia. The co-infection mixed with high levels of babesia showed to be far more fatal than the distemper virus itself. Packer also studied the effects of a full moon and its correlation to the number of lion attacks. Along with his colleagues, he discovered that the risks of man-eating attacks are highest during the first week after the full moon, which may help explain why there are so many myths about the full moon. They also discovered that people in southern Tanzania are most at risk from man-eating lions in areas where they have to sleep in their fields to protect their crops from nocturnal crop-pests such as bush pigs.The lions stumble upon a novel prey species when they follow the pigs into people's fields. Current Work
Packer works at the University of Minnesota. <mask> is married to Susan James and has two children: Jonathan (1987), who is a pulmonologist in Shreveport, Louisiana and Catherine (1984), who holds an MPH from Johns Hopkins. He has two grandchildren, Sienna and Felix. Works
Packer, C. & Pusey, A. (producers) & Matthews, R. (director). (1989).Queen of Beasts [documentary]. Tanzania National Park, East Africa: Alan Root Productions. Packer, C. 1994. Into Africa. University of Chicago Press. Craft, ME., Vols, E., Packer, C., Meyers, LA. 2011.Disease transmission in territorial populations: the small-world network of Serengeti Lions. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 8(59) 776-786. <mask>, C., Swanson, A., Ikanda D., Kushnir, H. 2011. Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22285. <mask>, C. A Bit of Texas in Florida. 2010.Science 24, 329(5999) 1606-1607. <mask>, C., Kosmala, M., Cooley, H.S., Brink, H., Pintea, L., Garshelis, D., Purchase, G.,

Strauss, M., Swanson, A., Balme, G., Hunter, L., & K. Nowell. 2009. Sport hunting, predator control and conservation of large carnivores. PLoS ONE 4(6): e5941. Mosser, A. & C. Packer.2009. Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo. Animal Behaviour. Welburn, S., K. Picozzi, P. Coleman & C. Packer. 2008. Patterns in age-seroprevalence consistent with acquired immunity against Trypanosoma brucei in Serengeti lions. PLoS-Neglected Tropical Diseases 2(12): e347.Munson, L., K.A. Terio, R. Kock, T. Mlengeya, M.E. Roelke, E. Dubovi, B. Summers, A.R.E. Sinclair & C. Packer. 2008. Climate extremes and co-infections determine mortality during epidemics in African lions. PLoS-One 3, e2545.Ikanda, D. & C. <mask>. 2008. Ritual vs. retaliatory killing of African lions in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Endangered Species Research 6, 67-74. Fryxell, J., A. Mosser, A.R.E. Sinclair & C. Packer. 2007.Group formation stabilizes predator-prey dynamics. Nature 449, 1041-1044. Citations
<mask>, C. (2010) A Bit of Texas in Florida Science 24, 329(5999) 1606-1607.Retrieved on October 15 from the Science Magazine website: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/329/5999/1606.summary

Public Broadcasting Service. (2011) Nature: Elsa’s Legacy, the Born Free Story. Retrieved October 15, 2011 from the PBS website: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/elsas-legacy-the-born-free-story/interview-lion-expert-craig-packer/6143/

University of Minnesota. (2011) College of Biologigical Sciences: Faculty and Staff. Retrieved on October 15, 2011 from the University of Minnesota website: https://web.archive.org/web/20111018174543/http://www.cbs.umn.edu/eeb/contacts/craig-packer

See also
 Dr Packer on the issue of competition between Asiatic lions and tigers

References

American ecologists
Living people
1950 births

masks:
Craig Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Family Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer
Packer


title: Droz (wrestler)

texts:
<mask> (born April 7, 1969), professionally known as <mask>, is an American essayist, former football player and former professional wrestler who competed in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from 1998 to 1999 under the ring names Puke and <mask>. <mask>v is quadriplegic due to a neck injury sustained from a botched wrestling maneuver, but has regained most of the use of his upper body and arms. <mask>v was born in the Mays Landing section of Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey. Football career

<mask>v, as a 6'3", 245 lb quarterback in high school, threw a 72-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Lou Rothman to win the last game of the 1985 regular season to finish the season with a perfect 10–0 record. <mask>v set an Atlantic County, New Jersey record in track & field in the shot put event. He was All-State in football at Oakcrest High School in South Jersey. After a stint at Fork Union Military Academy, <mask>v attended the University of Maryland and was a defensive tackle for the Terrapins.He culminated his collegiate career by graduating with a B.S. in Criminal justice. Before his wrestling career, <mask>v was a professional American football player for three seasons with the National Football League (NFL)'s New York Jets, Philadelphia Eagles and Denver Broncos. He garnered a measure of notoriety (and the nickname "Puke") when he vomited on television during a Monday Night Football game directly onto the football before the center could snap it. A 1993 Sports Illustrated article stated that he had vomited at nearly every game that season and would reportedly see a psychiatrist for a "chronic vomiting" problem. Professional wrestling career
<mask> originally competed on the independent wrestling circuit under the ring names of <mask> King Lake, Darren "Ripping Yarns" Laxingham and DD Da Death Dude. He appeared with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1997 to 1998, where he formed a stable of "invaders" from the WWF with Lance Wright, Brakkus, Doug Furnas and Phil LaFon.World Wrestling Federation (1998–1999)

<mask> made his World Wrestling Federation (WWF) debut in 1998. He claimed the natural ability to regurgitate on command, and WWF management decided to use this as his gimmick. In the documentary Beyond the Mat, his meeting with Vince McMahon is shown, with McMahon requesting <mask>v to vomit into a trashcan in his office. He first wrestled in dark matches and on WWF Shotgun Saturday Night. He debuted on Raw is War on the May 25, 1998 episode as an associate of the Legion of Doom. Dubbed Puke, he was the unofficial third member of the group. In late 1998, he competed in the WWF Brawl for All tournament, making it to the semifinals before losing to Bradshaw.<mask> was involved in a confrontation involving L.O.D. member Hawk's alcoholism. In this confrontation, Hawk was seen by his partner Animal as unfit to wrestle and <mask> was tapped to take Hawk's place in the tag team. The situation ended with accusations that he had been the "enabler" of Hawk's problems and had dosed the L.O.D. member to take his place in the team. During this segment, Hawk was shown to have been pushed off the TitanTron by <mask>. The feud culminated at the UK pay-per-view WWF Capital Carnage when the L.O.D.team of <mask> and Animal took on The Headbangers. During the match, <mask> entered the ring to defend Animal who was on the receiving end of an illegal double-team by The Headbangers. While the referee was occupied ushering Thrasher out of the ring, Mosh rolled up <mask>v, and the referee turned around and made the three count. Animal, enraged that Puke got involved, began to brawl with him before walking away from the ring in disgust, effectively ending <mask>v's run with L.O.D. After <mask>v's stint with the L.O.D., efforts were made to rebrand his persona, including one involving a series of skits called Droz's World, where he would tell stories about his life as a professional wrestler. He started to come into his own after turning heel. <mask>v started to build a stable of wrestlers who shared his bizarre lifestyle.He added Prince Albert to his faction as his personal "body piercing artist" and Key, alleged to be <mask>'s dealer. Pro Wrestling Illustrated ranked <mask>v #142 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999. Career ending injury
<mask>'s active wrestling career ended suddenly when he suffered a severe neck injury during a match with D'Lo Brown during a WWF SmackDown! taping on October 5, 1999 at the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island. <mask> has stated that he was wearing a loose shirt during the match. When Brown attempted his signature running powerbomb, he was not able to gain a proper grip on <mask> and Droz was unable to execute a proper jump to aid in the lifting into the powerbomb position. <mask>v landed on his head and fractured two vertebrae in his neck.He was immediately rushed to Nassau County Medical Center, where he underwent hours of surgery to reduce and stabilize the pressure on his injured neck. Because the match was pre-taped, it was not aired to fans during the October 7 broadcast and has never been shown to the public. However, the footage of him being taken out on a stretcher has been seen in WWE's "Don't Try This at Home" public service announcements. Even with intensive medical care, his injury initially left him a quadriplegic with essentially no movement below the neck. Droz has since regained movement in his upper body and arms. <mask> has repeatedly stated that the incident was an accident and that he holds no animosity towards Brown for his injury, while Brown has said there is no blame on either side for the accident. Post-injury

<mask> continued to work for the WWE as a writer and columnist following his accident and wrote articles and essays for website and magazine content.He also became a recurring guest on the WWE Byte This! internet show, commenting on his opinions regarding talents or upcoming matches. For several years, he also wrote articles with his predictions for each WWE pay-per-view. <mask> made an appearance on the Life and Death of the Road Warriors DVD in 2005, discussing his run with the group in 1998. In September 2007, <mask> was named honorary captain for a Maryland Terrapins football game against Villanova University. <mask>v was also interviewed for the Brawl for All episode of Dark Side of the Ring in 2020. Personal life
<mask>v continues to reside in South Jersey with his sister and her family.<mask>v requires 24-hour in-home care and is required to take multiple medications daily in addition to needing to lie flat for long periods of time. With the assistance of his medical staff, and continued support from WWE, he is able to sustain a degree of independence. <mask>v married WWE seamstress Julie Youngberg in 1999, days after his accident. He later stated that the one thing he would like to do would be to walk Julie down the aisle. The two divorced in late 2005. <mask>v uses a customized, tank-like wheelchair that was designed and financed by his college friend, Under Armour founder Kevin Plank. References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1969 births
American football defensive tackles
American male professional wrestlers
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football defensive linemen
Denver Broncos players
Living people
Maryland Terrapins football players
Montreal Alouettes players
Oakcrest High School alumni
People from Hamilton Township, Atlantic County, New Jersey
People with tetraplegia
Players of American football from New Jersey
Professional wrestlers from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Atlantic County, New Jersey
The Road Warriors members

masks:
Darren Adrian Drozdov
Droz
Droz
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdov
Drozzy
Drozdov
Drozdo
Droz
Droz
Droz
Droz
Drozdov
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Droz
Drozdo
Drozdov
Droz
Droz
Drozdo
Drozdov
Droz
Drozdov
Droz
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo
Drozdo


title: Giles Firman Phillips

texts:
<mask> (1780–1867) was an English artist and author. He painted landscapes and river scenes, primarily of the river Thames. His paintings were exhibited, among other venues, at the Royal Academy from 1836 - 1858. He is the author of several books on painting and lithography. Biography
<mask> was born in 1780, the youngest child of John and <mask> (sometimes spelled Philips). Nothing is known about <mask>’ childhood and adolescence. He was not taught at the Royal Academy Schools.However, he was apprenticed by his father to James Harrison (later Harrison & Co.,) of Paternoster Row, Printer, on 1st April 1794, which was registered with the Stationers Company on 30th March. Harrison published engravings, lithographs and magazines, and <mask> must have learned to draw by copying and engraving plates. He published a book on Lithography or 'drawing on stone' in 1828. Ref: [Britain, County Apprentices 1710-1808.Original Record at Stationers Company Archives, London.] The first record of his artistic inclination is his engraving of Lady Eliza Wrixon-Becher, a celebrated actress of the time, which was published by A. Beugo in 1815 when <mask> was 35 years old. Another engraving, this time of Sarah Siddons, was published, also by A. Beugo, in 1825. During the latter years <mask> was moving fairly frequently.There are records of his insurance policies, taken out with the Sun Fire Office in the early 1820s which show him living at 4, Craven Street, City Road in 1822 and 35, Tavistock Street, Covent Garden by 1825, and described as an engraver. By 1827 he was living at 16 Brownlow Street, off High Holborn, and he is described as a “Drawing Master” in the directories of the time. His son John was also living with the family at the time. He was a founder member of the New Watercolour Society (founded 1831, and renamed "The Institute of Painters in Watercolours" in 1863.) He joined in 1832 soon after its foundation, and was on the committee of Management in 1833, for a year. He was also a professional subscriber in 1834, but according to the catalogues was neither a member nor exhibitor after 1835. He was described as an eccentric old watercolour painter, well known in his day.<mask> married Lydia Arnold on 11 June 1800. They are the parents of author/illustrator <mask>. <mask> was also the great uncle of illustrator, author and playwright <mask>. According to his death certificate, <mask> died on 31 March 1867 in Islington. He was buried at the Holy Trinity Church, East Finchley. Published books
<mask> wrote five books, one on Lithography, and four on the Techniques of Painting, which were published between 1828 and 1840. The Art of Drawing on Stone in which is fully explained the process of chalk drawing, of pen and ink drawing, and of the dabbing system, together with the preparation of ink and chalks.By G.F. <mask>. Lith. London; printed for R.H. Laurie, Map, Chart and Print Seller, 53, Fleet Street, 1828. J. Rider, Printer, Little Britain. Principles of Effect and Colour as Applicable to Landscape Painting Illustrated by examples for the amateur and professional student in Art Darton & Clark, Holborn Hill, 1834.
Review in "The Athaneum" No. 321, Saturday 21 December 1833, page 870. "It is impossible to describe this work: the prose instructions are illustrated by examples from the pencil and both seem judicious.All who desire to understand landscape as well as those who wish to paint should consult this work. We have not Burnet's* work at hand, otherwise we might have been tempted to compare the opinions and directions of the two artists. <mask> is clear and simple: Burnet, as far as we recollect, is equally clear and simple but more scientific." The Theory and Practice of Painting in Watercolours, as connected with the study of Landscape, by G.F<mask>, author of 'Principles of Effect and Colour.......'
Published by Charles Tilt, 86, Fleet Street, 1838. (The introduction gives his address as Park Street, Greenwich.) This is the 3rd Edition. First edition.34pp + advert leaf. 4 hand coloured and 10 sepia aquatint plates. Abbey Life 165. Advertised in "The Athanaeum" March 1838

A Practical Treatise on Drawing, and on Painting in Watercolours, with illustrative examples in pencil in sepia, and in watercolours Published by A.H. Baily & Co. 1839. The Art of Painting and Drawing simplified in a series of examples of Parts of the Human Figure with the most approved method of Miniature Painting to which is annexed the Art of Flower Painting. A.H. Baily & Co. Cornhill, 1840. Pictures and drawings in public collections
Victoria & Albert Museum
 A Coast Scene, Sunset 3 x 6.25 inches.Ref: 104-1892
 A River Scene 4.375 x 8.375 inches. Ref: 105-1892
 Landscape, undulating country, cattle in the foreground, the sea in the distance signed G.F. <mask>: 9.375 x 16 inches. Ref. 1362-1925. Gift of A.W. Wallington. Yale Centre for British Art

 Fish Market on the Beach.Watercolour. * 5.5 x 8.275 inches. Ref B 1977.14.5828
 A Storm over a Coast Watercolour. 6 x 9.5 inches B 1975.3.906

Anglesey Abbey
Cambridgeshire. Fairhaven Collection. Windsor from the Northwest Watercolour. 5 x 7.5 inches.British Museum

 Portrait of Sarah Siddons, originally a miniature, stipple engraving 3.75 x 3.25 inches. Portrait of Lady Eliza Wrixon-Becher, (formerly the actress Eliza O'Neill,) 1791-1872. shown in an octagonal frame with a medallion of Shakespeare above. An original stipple engraving by <mask> <mask>, published by A. Beugo, 1815. Guildhall Library
 Fore Street, Lambeth Litho. 10"/8.625" x 6.25"/6.125". [Ref Pr L1/ALB] Printed by C. Motte. Published by J. Kendrick, 54 Leicester Square, (circa 1830)
 Old Buildings at Lambeth Litho.Image 7" x 6.125". [Ref Pr1 L1/ALB] Printed at C. Motte's Lithog. (circa 1840) [Also at the GLC Printroom.] The Knight's Bridge at Knightsbridge Coloured Litho. Printed by C. Motte, 23 Leicester Square. (circa 1825) 6" x 8.5". National Portrait Gallery
Leslie Grove Jones by <mask> <mask>, after Abraham Wivell; Stipple engraving 1832; 6 1/2 in.x 4 1/8 in. (164 mm x 106 mm); Archive Collection

University of Liverpool Collection
Near Whalley, Lancashire. Oil on Panel. 49 x 70 cm

Book Illustrations
Two of his pictures, one of Barnes and one of Kew Gardens, were engraved by R. Winkles and used as illustrations for 'A New and Complete History of the Counties of Surrey and Sussex' by Thomas Allen. Exhibitions
Society of British Artists Phillips exhibited 50 works there between 1831 and 1848, which is confirmed by the surviving catalogues. The Society had been founded in 1824, and its exhibitions were held at 6, Suffolk Street, ( a gallery built by John Nash in 1823.) Shakespeare Gallery, 52, Pall Mall, founded 1806 and exhibitions held there until 1866.The British Institution held 2 exhibitions each year, the 'Winter' exhibition being devoted to British Artists. Between 1808 and 1842 'Premiums' or prizes were awarded to exhibitors. <mask> exhibited there from 1830 - 1846. 1830 - Stacking Hay

 1836 - Coast Scene Sunset, Fishermen on the lookout

 1837 - Coast Scene with Fishing Boats, Hard blowing Weather

 1838 - Sea Piece

 1841 - Coast Scene with Fishing Boats, The Tide Coming in with a Heavy Swell

 1843 - View on the Thames with Fishing Boats (oil), The Isle of Sheppey in the Distance

 1845 - Heath Scene with Cattle (oil), Showery Weather

 1846 - Erith Reach, Morning

 1847 - Coast Scene, Morning

The Royal Academy of Arts, Burlington House, Piccadilly. <mask> exhibited 16 pictures between 1831 and 1858. 1831 - View near Kits Coty House, Aylesford, Kent; Knights Bridge at Knightsbridge

 1834 - Fishing Boats

 1835 - View on the Thames, Evening

 1837 - Part of Blackwall Reach, Bleak Blowing Weather; View of Greenwich Hospital

 1839 - Stirling Castle; River Scene, Evening

 1845 View on The Thames Near Purfleet

 1846 - View on the Thames near Erith; The Thames from Hungerford Bridge, Evening; The Harbour of Shoreham on the River Adur, with the Town in the Distance, Evening

 1849 - View on The Thames, Boats Beating to Windward; Chelsea Reach, Evening

 1850 - View on the Thames from East Greenwich, with Woolwich in the Distance (oil)

 1852 - View on the Wye, South Wales, with the Severn and English Coast in the Distance, taken from the Wynd Cliff

 1853 - In Windsor Great Park, Twilight

 1858 - Kensington Gardens, Evening

Institute for the Free Exhibition of Modern Art. Portland Gallery, Hyde Park Corner.Organiser was E.J. Neimann. <mask> exhibited 8 pictures, watercolours and oils in 1848-9. Prices exist showing he made between 5 and 10 guineas for a watercolour and between 25 guineas and £40.00 for an oil painting. 1848 - Heath Scene, Sunset; Heath Scene with Cattle, Showery Weather (oil); Sunset

 1849 - View on the Thames, near Vauxhall Bridge; River Scene, Twilight; Park Scenery, Sunset after Rain; The Wreckers; Muswell Hill, Evening

Dudley Gallery

 1866 - Hampstead Heath, Twilight

Royal Manchester Institution. He exhibited 6 pictures at Manchester between 1839 and 1846. 1839 - View on the Forth near Stirling

 1842 - Coast Scene, Evening

 1843 - View in Mousley Park, Surrey, the Seat of J Todd Esq; View on the Thames with Fishing Boats, The Isle of Sheppey in the Distance (oil)

 1843 - Coast Scene - Evening, after Stormy weather

 1846 - View on the Thames - Erith Reach

New Watercolour Society

1832 - Old Buildings at Deptford, Twilight; View at Millbank, Morning; View on the Thames, Evening; Twilight; Tower Stairs, Twilight; View from Greenwich, Sunset; Twilight Composition; Canal Scene, Morning; Windsor Castle from Brocas Meadow; Lane at Streatley, Beds; Coast Scene, Sunset; Rochester Castle

1834 - View from Mill Hill, Gravesend; View of the Thames from Gravesend; Coast Scene, Morning

Pictures sold at auction
Art Prices Current Vol 1 1907-8

1908 - Rosherville on Thames - Sold by Executors of Richard Mills, 34 Queens Gate Place, London Drawing: G F Phillips, 9.5 x 12.5 inches, (Huggins) £3.13.6

1908 - A Landscape - Sold from collection of pictures and drawings of Sir Jas.Knowles deceased. Drawings in folio: £18/-

1912 - Fishing Boat off a Port" and "View on the Thames, Sunset - Christies Sale of Drawings£15/-. 1914 - View on the Thames" and "Cottage with Figures and Donkeys - Christies Sale of Drawings£15/-

1968 - A View on the Thames from East Greenwich, with Woolwich in the Distance. - Christies Lot 129 signed, oil on canvas, 15.5 x 39.5 inches. Exhibition, Royal Academy 1850, no: 434. £200. 1988 - On the Thames - Christies, King Street, St James, London.Sale ref: MR4798 Lot 87, watercolour 9 x 13.5 inches, signed and inscribed on verso. £420

1993 - On the Thames (same as above.) Christies, South Kensington, Lot 84, (Sale DRG 4893, Stock No: FN415,) Sold to Swan Gallery, Sherborne, Dorset for £190

1990 - A View from the Thames from Blackheath - Bonhams, Sale of 19th Century Watercolours. Lot 45 watercolour, signed, 8 x 13 inches. £120

1990  A Lighthiouse above an Estuary Christie's-South-Kensington. Lot 234.22.9 x 35.6 cm - ( 9 x 14 in)  Sold for £54

1995 - Phillips, Cornubia Hall, Par, Cornwall Lot 690. A Pair of Estuary Scenes, one with steam tugs and barges, the other with horse and cart unloading a beached barge.One signed. Watercolours, 9.5 x 13.75 inches approx. 1996 - Beached Fishing Boats," and "Estuary with ditto - Western Road Auction Rooms, Angmering, Sussex Lot 401. "Two early 20th century watercolours, one signed G F <mask>, 4.5 x 6.1 inches [2 halves of a single painting, now restored and mounted as such, 14 x 5 inches]

1996 - Elegant Figures Promenading in Syon Park - Christies Sale of British and Continental Pictures, South Kensington, London, Lot 185. inscribed "Sion House the Seat/ of the Duke of Northumberland /By G F <mask>" on a label on the reverse. Oil on board. 12 x 18 inches £420

1997 - Custom House Quay and Billingsgate, with Old London Bridge - Phillips, New Bond Street, London Lot 18A.. Watercolour 9 x 13.5 inches, signed and inscribed in pencil on verso. Est.£800-1200. 1998 - Cattle Beside the River Thames, a Country House Amidst Trees - Phillips at Higham House, Canterbury, watercolour 8.25 x 16.25 inches. Est £300-500

1998 - Extensive River Landscape with Shipping and Dwellings - Phillips, Chester Lot 719, Watercolour with scratching out, signed G<mask>, 15 x 25 cm (5.75 x 9.75 inches,) Est. £160-240 £400

2001 - Grounds of Sion House, the seat of the Duke of Northumberland - Bonhams and Brooks, London, Lot 47 Oil on board, signed and inscribed on label on verso, 30.7 x 46.5 cm sold for £220

2002 - The Road from Tintern to Chepstow - Jacobs & Hunt, Petersfield, Hants, watercolour, signed 26 x 37 cm (10 x 14.5 inches) £380

References

Further reading
 A Chronological History of the Old English Landscape Painters. Col M.H. Grant. F. Lewis, Leigh-on-Sea.1948-52
 Checklist of British Artists in the Witt Library. Courtauld Institute of Art 1991
 A Dictionary of Victorian Painters. Christopher Wood. ACC 1989
 Allgemeines Lexicon der Bildenden Kunstler. Thieme & Becker. E.A. Seemann, Leipzig 1932.The Royal Society of British Artists 1824-93 etc. Jane Johnson. ACC 1982. The Royal Academy of Arts. A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and their Work from Its Foundation. 1769-1904. A. Graves.Geo Bell 1905
 Kunstler-Lexicon. Nagler 1841. A Dictionary of Watercolour Painters, 1750-1900. Stanley W. Fisher. Foulsham, 1972. Dictionary of National Biography. British 19th Century Marine Painters.Denys Brook-Hart, ACC
 Dictionary of Artists who have exhibited works in the Principal London Exhibitions 1760-1893. Algernon Graves
 The Dictionary of British Watercolur Artists up to 1920, H.L.Mallalieu, 2 Vols ACC 1995
 Life in England in Aquatint and Lithograph, 1770-1860. J.R. Abbey (1953)
 Dictionary of the Artists of the British School. Redgrave, 1878
 British Watercolours in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Lionel Lambourne & Jean Hamilton. Sotheby, Parke-Bernet. 1980.The British Institution 1806-1867- A Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work. Algernon Graves, Bell, 1908. 1780 births
1867 deaths
19th-century English painters
English male painters
English watercolourists

masks:
Giles Firmin Phillips
Phillips
Dorothy Phillips
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Phillips
John Phillips
Giles Phillips
Watts Phillips
Phillips
Giles Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
. Phillips
Phillips
Giles Firman
Phillips
Giles Firmin
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
Phillips
. Phillips


title: Jerry B. Jenkins

texts:
<mask> (born September 23, 1949) is an American writer. He is best known for the Left Behind series, written for Tim LaHaye. <mask> has written more than 200 books, in multiple genres, such as biography, self-help, romance, mystery, and young adult fiction. Nineteen of his 130+ novels have explored eschatological themes and settings. In 2016, <mask> was described as a dispensationalist Christian by The Washington Post. Early life
<mask> was born September 23, 1949 to <mask> and <mask> of Kalamazoo, Michigan. In a 2008 interview with The Modesto Bee, <mask> said his Christian faith was inspired by a Warner Sallman painting, guided by his mother.After graduating from Forest View High School, <mask> attended Moody Bible Institute from 1967 to 1968, and Harper College from 1968 to 1970. Career
After suffering an injury playing sports, <mask> began work as a sports reporter while he was still in high school. Before he could drive, <mask> covered high school sports for local newspapers. He was paid  per inch. While attending Moody Bible Institute, <mask> served as night news editor for the institute's flagship radio station, WMBI-FM. He served as Vice President of the Moody's publishing division from 1985 to 1988, and a writer-in-residence from 1988 onward. He was the managing editor of Moody Monthly from 1974 to 1979 and publisher from 1979-1981.<mask> served as a member of Moody Bible Institute's Board of Trustees from 2001 to 2018.

, <mask> has written more than 200 books, including twenty-one New York Times bestsellers. His work has appeared in Time, Reader's Digest, Parade, and Guideposts. More than one hundred titles by <mask> are young adult fiction, written in eleven series, including the forty-volume Left Behind: The Kids (1998–2003) series. From 2011 to 2017, <mask> owned the Christian Writers Institute's Christian Market Writer's Guide. As co-writer
<mask> has written twenty as-told-to biographies and memoirs of prominent athletes and religious leaders, such as Hank Aaron, <mask>, Walter Payton, Joe Gibbs, Mike Singletary, and Sammy Tippit. <mask> called those titles his "sports personality" books. His credit as writer is given via an "as told to", "as told by", or "with <mask>. <mask>" attribution.In an interview with Joanna Penn of The Creative Penn podcast, <mask> explained he doesn't co-write, saying "if my name is on [the book] … I wrote every word." For works credited with Chris Fabry, such as The Wormlings (2007–08) series, <mask> functioned as the editor, and Fabry was the sole writer. <mask> said co-writing a book "is a nightmare," but can be successful if the roles among the credited writers are settled before hand. His collaboration with <mask> resulted in In His Own Words (2018), published by Tyndale House, for which <mask> received sole writing credit. Gil Thorp
The Dallas O'Neil and The Baker Street Sports Club (1986) series, and its follow up, the Dallas O'Neil Mysteries (1988–89), prompted Gil Thorp creator <mask> to open discussions with <mask> on creating a line of young adult books Gil Thorp and the athletes at the fictional Milford High School. The Gil Thorp series was never realized, but following <mask>'s death in 1996, <mask> was recruited by Tribune to continue to comic strip as its writer, with Rod Whigham as artist. During his tenure as writer, <mask> introduced a number of controversial storylines, including a young shomer Shabbat joining the Milford football team, and a teen pregnancy story criticized as anti-abortion.<mask>'s sons, Chad and Dallas, contributed to Gil Thorp by developing scenarios for their father to write. According to the Chicago Reader, <mask> wrote the strip from 2001 to 2004 without credit, which both <mask> and his son say is not true. Chad served as a story consultant. Christian Writers Guild
In 1965, Norman Rohrer established the Christian Writers Guild (CWG). Rohrer offered a 48-part correspondence course intended to teach the craft of writing, as well as history and theology Rohrer believed were necessary to improve the quality of fiction and non-fiction writing intended for the Christian market. In 2001, <mask> purchased the CWG, and Rohrer remained on staff as "Dean of Instruction". CWG transitioned from mail-based delivery, to an online platform.<mask> recruited many of his friends and fellow writers to function as mentors to CWG members, and to expand the guild's offerings. In 2013, <mask> developed the Christian Writers Guild Press intended to publish original works by CWG members. <mask>'s was criticized for creating a "vanity press", despite lambasting such publishing schemes in the past and closed the operation before contracting with any writers. According to literary agent Chip MacGregor, of MacGregor & Luedeke, <mask> "was ready to return to his primary occupation and calling, that of full-time writing" by early-2014. <mask> dissolved CWG in late-2014, which resulted in heavy criticism of both <mask> and the CWG. Dennis E. Hensley told Christianity Today that <mask> and the CWG had offered a "great service to developing writers." CWG's staff and mission were absorbed into a new organization called BelieversTrust, which operated until 2016.Since 2016, <mask> has taught an online writing course via his own platform, <mask> Writers Guild. Left Behind

<mask> and co-author LaHaye of the Left Behind series were profiled in a May 24, 2004 cover story in Newsweek magazine entitled "The New Prophets of Revelation". LaHaye who conceived the series, handled the theological underpinnings of his end-of-the-world series, while <mask> handled the writing. The Left Behind series includes 16 books which have sold over 63 million copies worldwide. In 2018, Left Behind series was ranked  77 in The Great American Read poll sponsored by PBS. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Dianna (née Whiteford), whom he married in 1971, reside in Black Forest, Colorado. He is the father of <mask>, creator of The Chosen web television series; <mask>, the Sports Information Director at MidAmerica Nazarene University; and <mask> <mask>.When asked about his Christian denomination, <mask> has often answered "Jesus Christ". Alissa Wilkinson, of Christian Today, described <mask> as a dispensationalist Christian in an editorial for The Washington Post. Bibliography

Non-fiction

Co-written works
<mask> wrote the following memoirs and autobiographical works in which he received an "as told by" or "with <mask>. <mask>" attribution. Fiction

Margo Mystery (1979–1984)
A Margo Mystery series was published by Moody. The first novel, Margo (1979), was published by Jeremy Books, but later reprinted by Moody. Jennifer Grey Mystery (1983–1985)
A Jennifer Grey Mystery series was published by Victor Books. The Soon Trilogy (2003–2005)
The Soon Trilogy was published by Tyndale House.Jesus Chronicles (2007–2010)
The Jesus Chronicles series, written for Tim LaHaye, is a narrative retelling of the four canonical gospels. Published by Penguin's Putnam Adult imprint. Reprints from Center Point assigned numbers to the novels. Precinct 11 (2011–12)
The Precinct 11 novels were published by Tyndale House. Dead Sea Chronicles (2018–2020)
The Dead Sea Chronicles series is based on and inspired by the work of Craig A. Evans. Published by Worthy. Young adult fiction

Tara Chadwick (1984)
The Tara Chadwick Series was published by Moody in 1984.Reprinted in 1992, including new cover art and formatting. Bradford Family (1984–1986)
The Bradford Family Adventures series was originally published by Stanford Publishing, in 1984. Reprinted by Moody in 1990. Dallas O'Neil (1986)
The Dallas O'Neil and the Baker Street Sports Club series was published by Moody in 1986. Dallas O'Neil Mysteries (1988–89)
The Dallas O'Neil Mysteries series is a sequel to the Dallas O'Neil and the Baker Street Sports Club (1986) series. Also published by Moody. Toby Andrews (1996)
The Toby Andrews and the Junior Deputies series was published by Moody.Global Air Troubleshooters (1996)

The Global Air Troubleshooters series was published by Multnomah Books in 1996. Reprinted as AirQuest Adventures by Zondervan in 2006. Red Rock Mysteries (2005–06)
The Red Rock Mysteries series was written by Chris Fabry and edited by <mask>. Published by Tyndale House. The series was reprinted in 2020, including new cover art and formatting. Renegade Spirit (2006–2008)
The Renegade Spirit series was written by John Perrodin and edited by <mask>. Published by Thomas Nelson's Integrity imprint.The premise is similar to The Soon Trilogy (2003–2005), written by <mask>. The Wormlings (2007–08)
The Wormlings series was written by Chris Fabry and edited by <mask>. Published by Tyndale House. Thirteen (2016–17)
The Thirteen science fantasy series was written by Trisha White Priebe and edited by <mask>. Published by <mask>bour. Left Behind (1995–2007)

The Left Behind series, created and developed by Tim LaHaye, was published by Tyndale House. Thorndike Press, Turtleback Books, and others, offered reprints in various formats.Graphic novel adaptations of the series were published by Tyndale from 2001 to 2002. Tyndale also published devotional calendars for 2002 and 2003 which featured text from the novels. Prior to the release of Soul Harvest (1998), the novels were not numbered. Not all printings include a number stamp. Prequel series (2005–06)
Marketed as Before They Were Left Behind, the series is a prequel to Left Behind (1995). The novels introduced events which were resolved in Kingdom Come (2007), the final installment of the main sequence. Kids (1998–2003)

Left Behind: The Kids is a retelling of events from the main sequence of novels from the point of view of four young survivors.The novellas were bound-up as the Young Trib Force (2003–2005) series. Non-fiction companions (1999–2005)
<mask> co-wrote three companions with Tim LaHaye. Are We Living in the End Times? (1999) was not marketed as a Left Behind title; however, the book explored themes and settings depicted in the novels. These Will Not Be Left Behind (2003) is a retrospective of reader's experiences with the series, and how they "came to faith." Young Trib Force (2003–2005)
Left Behind: The Young Trib Force bind-ups of The Kids (1998–2003) series, three or four novellas per volume. Chris Fabry wrote new material to link the novellas to the main sequence of novels.Several bind-ups included significant revisions to the original text, including reordering of events and character changes. Notes

References

External links

 <mask><mask> at Tyndale House

1949 births
Living people
20th-century American biographers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century apocalypticists
21st-century American biographers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century apocalypticists
American male novelists
Baptists from Colorado
Christian novelists
Critics of the Catholic Church
American male biographers
Novelists from Michigan
Baptists from Michigan

masks:
Jerry Bruce Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Harry Philip Jenkins
Bonita Grace Thompson
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Bill Gaither
Jenkins
Jerry B
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Billy Graham
Jenkins
Jack Berrill
Jenkins
Berrill
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Chad Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jerry Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Dallas Jenkins
Chad Jenkins
Michael Bruce
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jerry B
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Jenkins
Bar
Jenkins
Jerry B
. Jenkins


title: Varujan Boghosian

texts:
<mask> (1926 New Britain, Connecticut -  September 21, 2020) was an American artist, best known for his sculptures and assemblages. Since 1958 he had held teaching positions at the University of Florida, Cooper Union, Pratt Institute, Yale University, Brown University and Dartmouth College. At Dartmouth, <mask> was a member of the art faculty from 1968 to 1995. He was awarded an endowed position as the George Frederick Jewett Professor of Art in 1982. <mask> retired from Dartmouth in 1995 and had since continued his work as a practicing artist up until his death. Early life
The son of Armenian immigrants, <mask> was born and raised in New Britain, Connecticut. His father was a cobbler who later worked for Stanley Tools (now Stanley Black & Decker).<mask>'s early schooling was traditional although he benefited from classes taught by the poet Constance Carrier, who introduced him to the world of literature. <mask> served in the U.S. Navy, during World War II. Returning to the U.S in 1946 he was able to attend college on the G.I. Bill. <mask> was then invited by Josef Albers to attend Yale University (1956–59), along with Irving Petlin, <mask> had already received a number of accolades as well as a Fulbright Grant for Painting in Italy (1953) and in 1966, he was artist in residence at the American Academy in Rome. He was a 1985 Guggenheim fellow. He has taught at The Cooper Union (1959–64), Yale University (1962–64), Brown and Dartmouth College (1968–96).Art and influences

Boghosian showed with the legendary Stable Gallery, founded by Eleanor Ward, consistently between 1963 and 1966. At this time, the Stable Gallery showcased various young and emerging artists including: Joseph Cornell, Alex Katz, Marisol Escobar, Joan Mitchell, Isamu Noguchi, Cy Twombly, Robert Rauschenberg, and Larry Rivers as well as Andy Warhol's first one-man show. The unorthodox and experimental spirit of this time has remained with Boghosian and informed his developing relationship with the appropriation of everyday objects and their subsequent plastic manipulations. In 1968, <mask> began to exhibit with the historic Cordier & Ekstrom Gallery, Duchamp's dealer in America. It was an ideal fit for Boghosian, as Arne Ekstrom's distinctive style favored the union of art and literature. Cordier & Ekstrom put on far-reaching shows that gave the same attention to world-renowned artists as it did to those who were just emerging. Morris Louis and Isamu Noguchi were some of the artists who frequented the gallery and it was where Romare Bearden honed his style.The gallery's circulating exhibition roster included such prominent names as Dubuffet, Matisse, Saul Steinberg, and Magritte. <mask> developed a long-standing relationship with Arne Ekstrom and exhibited with the gallery well into the late 1980s. <mask> and Eurydice, for instance, have been a central and continuous theme throughout his career. Closely linked to this fascination with classical myth is <mask>'s recurring use of symbols such as swans and serpents, both of which are rooted in a strong tradition of cross-cultural mythology. Building upon the traditions of Surrealism and Dada <mask>'s assemblages and collages playfully contemplate the boundaries between dream and reality.In creating his art, <mask> draws heavily on his extensive personal archive of found objects, gathered together in his home and studio. The images and objects that he utilizes often bear the mark of time and his creations frequently juxtapose groups of seemingly unrelated objects together. In describing his artistic process, <mask> is quoted as saying "I don't make anything. I find everything.”

Career development and recognition

<mask>'s work began to be included in the thematic exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Art Institute of Chicago as early as 1954. He has also received numerous grants including a Fulbright, a Guggenheim Fellowship (1985), and residency at the American Academy in Rome with Philip Guston, and he has been an active member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters since 1968, and a National Academician of The National Academy of Design. Beginning with the Swetzoff Gallery, Boston (1950–65), <mask> has been actively exhibiting with over 75 one-man exhibitions including the Arts Club of Chicago (1970), The American Academy in Rome (1986), the Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art (1988), the Norton Gallery of Art (1992), the Hood Art Museum, Dartmouth (1989), the Toledo Museum of Art (2013), and the Philadelphia Museum of Art (2018). His work is in the public collections of Brooklyn Museum; University Art Museum of the University of California Berkeley; Indianapolis Museum of Art; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Modern Art; New York Public Library; Whitney Museum of American Art; and the Provincetown Art Association and Museum, among many others.Notable retrospectives include a 1989 exhibition at the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College and a 2013 exhibition at the Toledo Museum of Art. His papers are held at the Archives of American Art.

masks:
Varujan Yegan Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosian
Boghosianus
Boghosian
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Boghosian