title: Steven Kleinman

texts:
<mask> is a career military intelligence officer and a recognized expert in the fields of human intelligence, strategic interrogation, special operations, and special survival training. He has been widely recognized as one of the most effective and prolific interrogators in the Department of Defense. Kleinman served as an interrogator, the chief of a joint interrogation team, and as a senior advisor on interrogation to a special operations task force during Operations Just Cause, Desert Shield/Storm, and Iraqi Freedom, respectively. He was formerly the Director of the Air Force Combat Interrogation Course. Kleinman also served as the Director of Intelligence at the Personnel Recovery Academy, a unit of the Joint Personnel Recovery Agency that serves as Department of Defense agency responsible for overseeing Survival, Evasion, Resistance, and Escape (SERE) training for U.S. military personnel. In 2003, he was chosen to lead a contingent of interrogation and resistance to interrogation advisors to assist a task force involved in the questioning of Iraqi insurgents. What he did not know until his arrival in country was that he would be witnessing the systematic employment of a coercive interrogation strategy that formerly had only been used in the SERE program to train U.S. military personnel to resist interrogation.These methods had been routinely used by Soviet and Chinese interrogators during the Cold War to compel prisoners to produce propaganda. A Senate Armed Services report released in 2008 cited then Lieutenant Colonel <mask> as the only officer who took action to stop the use of these techniques. <mask> was one of the first experienced interrogators, and the first military officer, to offer a strong public case against the use of coercive interrogation practices. Carefully avoiding the politics surrounding this issue, he offered a systematic argument—based on moral, legal, and operational considerations—that torture had no place in American intelligence doctrine. The colonel has worked continuously to change American interrogation protocols for more than a decade. During his deployment to Iraq in 2003, when the Iraqi insurgency was growing and the Pentagon demanded better intelligence, he witnessed firsthand how the system began to promote "brutal and humiliating measures." <mask> has argued that a central reason for the push beyond previous legal and moral boundaries stems from the critical shortcomings in the Army Field Manual on interrogation.Many of the methods set forth in the manual, he contends, lack any measure of objective evidence to substantiate their effectiveness in eliciting reliable information. While the Bush Administration moved to update the manual in 2006—and added new restrictions on abusive treatment of detainees—there was, Kleinman maintains, "no effort to objectively test the efficacy of the approaches.” Colonel Kleinman testified before Congress in 2007 in an effort to call attention to this enduring problem and insisted that the interrogation manual be replaced. His proposals, however, were largely ignored. Kleinman testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee of the United States Senate about the use of interrogation techniques which exceeded those allowed by law. He specifically cited the employment of harsh interrogation methods that were previously reserved for use in programs designed to train U.S. military personnel to resist interrogation if held by countries that were not signatories to the Geneva Convention. Those techniques, to include forced nudity, sleep deprivation, and painful shackling, were being used on Iraqi detainees. "It had morphed into a form of punishment for those who wouldn't cooperate," he told the Senate panel.Discovering the use of such measures in Iraq in 2003 prompted him to order a stop to such interrogations and to warn his superiors that these interrogation practices were abusive and, in his opinion, illegal. <mask> was a senior advisor for a major study into interrogation commissioned by the Intelligence Science Board, a research entity under the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and wrote two of the chapters that appeared in the study's final report. The findings set forth in this report described the harsh interrogation techniques used again detainees since 9/11 as "outmoded, amateurish, and unreliable. Colonel Kleinman has observed that while the U.S. Government has spent billions on spy satellites, very little has been invested in a formal study of the art and science of interrogation. This, he has noted, is in spite of the fact that there is a broad consensus that interrogation might be the best source of information on an elusive, low-tech, stateless foe like Al Qaeda. On November 8, 2007 <mask> testified before the Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties of the US House of Representatives:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|
"[M]any Americans, understandably angry and seeking some manner of revenge after the vicious attacks of 9/11, have fallen prey to the proposition that excessive physical, psychological, and emotional pressures are necessary to compel terrorists or insurgents to answer an interrogator's questions. Further, this form of interrogation is too often viewed as an inevitable and appropriate means of punishment the detainees deserve for their malicious acts.Such beliefs are equally untrue... [C]oercion is decidedly ineffective. Coercive interrogation methods are wholly counterproductive in winning the hearts and minds of detainees and, I might add, the populations from which they emerge. Instead, coercive methods are almost certain to create what is perhaps the most callous form of degradation one human can inflict upon another: humiliation. Humiliation is an inevitable product of any form of torture". |}
In July 2013, Colonel <mask> was awarded the 2013 "Practitioner Excellence" award by the International Investigative Interviewing Research Group (iIIRG) during that organization's conference held in Maastricht, the Netherlands. This award recognized both his "outstanding achievements to the area of ethical investigative interviewing" and his emphatic public stance against torture and coercion. Since 2003, Colonel Kleinman has worked continuously to change the American interrogation protocol to one that is evidence-based, operationally sound, and human rights compliant.To achieve that objective, he has called for a complete review and revision of the Army Field Manual on interrogation. While the latest version published in 2006 placed restrictions on abuse, he asserts "there was no effort to objectively test the efficacy of the approaches [interrogaton strategies]." He supported passage of the McCain-Feinstein amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act in June 2015, which includes provisions that require a complete review of the Army Field Manual on interrogation and ensures representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross have access to all detainees in U.S. custody, because ″passing strongly worded legislation that would stand as a bulwark against torture is the single most important step we must take.″. In 2014, Colonel <mask> was named one of "Nine Heroes Who Stood Up Against Torture" by Human Rights First. References

United States Air Force officers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Steven Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman
Kleinman


title: William Gambel

type: original

texts:
<mask> (June 1823 – December 13, 1849) was an American naturalist, ornithologist, and botanist from Philadelphia. As a young man he worked closely with the renowned naturalist Thomas Nuttall. At the age of eighteen he traveled overland to California, becoming the first botanist to collect specimens in Santa Fe, New Mexico and parts of California. Biography
<mask> was born <mask>. in Philadelphia in June 1823. His father, <mask>., had immigrated from Northern Ireland and served in the War of 1812. After the death of his first wife, Gamble Sr. moved to Philadelphia where he married Elizabeth Gamble in August 1822. They had three children, <mask> and two daughters.Gamble Sr. died of pneumonia in 1832 and Elizabeth Gamble was left to raise the children on her own. <mask> proved to be a good student, perhaps influenced by his mother, who worked as a school teacher. For unexplained reasons, he also began spelling his surname <mask>. In 1838 <mask> met the renowned naturalist Thomas Nuttall and they quickly became friends. Nuttall had a broad expertise in all aspects of natural history and through his influence, <mask> developed an affinity for botany, mineralogy, and ornithology. For the next few years <mask> served as a sort of apprentice for Nuttall. In late 1838, they traveled together on a collecting trip to the Carolinas and the southern Appalachians.They returned to Philadelphia in April 1839 and then quickly set off again for a field trip to New Jersey to study and collect pre-Cambrian limestone minerals. In October 1839 they were back in Philadelphia to attend a meeting of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences where <mask> presented a gold nugget from North Carolina for the museum collection. In February 1840, <mask> accompanied Nuttall to Cambridge, Massachusetts where Nuttall had been invited to present a series of lectures at the Lowell Institute. They also made a couple of field trips to Maine where they collected mineral specimens. By August 1840 the lecture series had ended and they returned to Philadelphia. In March 1841, at the age of eighteen, <mask> set off on his own for California to collect plants and other specimens for Nuttall. He planned to take a more southerly route than that taken in 1834 by Nuttall and John Kirk Townsend.Upon reaching Independence, Missouri he joined a group of traders and headed for Santa Fe following the Santa Fe Trail. Gambel reached Santa Fe in June and spent the next couple months collecting plants. In September Gambel joined a party heading to California and accompanied them along the Old Spanish Trail, arriving in Mexican Alta California in early November, 1841, becoming the first botanist to enter California overland from the east. <mask> spent the next year collecting along the coast from Los Angeles up to Monterey. In February, 1842 he became the first botanist to collect on Santa Catalina Island off the coast of California. In addition to plants, <mask> collected bird specimens and observed them in their habitat. He later published his observations in Remarks on birds observed in Upper California, with descriptions of new species(1847/1849).The new bird species he collected included <mask>'s quail (Callipepla gambelii), mountain chickadee (Parus gambeli) and Nuttall's woodpecker (Picoides nuttallii). By midsummer Gambel was out money and became a clerk on the US Navy ship, Cyane, commanded by Thomas ap Catesby Jones. For the next three years Gambel served on several navy ships, visiting Mexico, the Hawaiian Islands, Tahiti, the Marquesas Islands, Peru and Chile. In a letter to his mother, Gambel said he had "sailed farther than twice around the world." In March 1845 his ship left Chile and sailed to the East Coast via Cape Horn. <mask> returned to Philadelphia by July 1845. While <mask> was in California, Nuttall returned home to England where he remained for the rest of his life.In Philadelphia, <mask> published some of his zoological findings and sent many of his botanical specimens to Nuttall for publication. In 1845 <mask> entered the medical school at the University of Pennsylvania and received a medical degree in March 1848. He married Catherine Towson, a childhood sweetheart, in October. He also served briefly as the  Recording Secretary at the Academy of Natural Sciences. <mask> soon encountered difficulty in establishing a medical practice in Philadelphia. California was booming because of the Gold Rush and presented an opportunity for a new doctor. He shipped his medical books and equipment by sea and made arrangements for his wife to join him after he became settled.On April 5, 1849, <mask> and an acquaintance, Isaac Wistar, left for the difficult overland journey to California. In Independence, Missouri, they formed a larger party led by Wistar and made good progress westward. However, <mask> grew tired of the group's fast pace and joined a slower-moving ox-train led by Captain Boone of Kentucky. Boone offered to relieve <mask> of any camp-duties in exchange for his medical services. The Boone party did not fare well crossing the deserts and mountains of the Great Basin. Most of the livestock and wagons were lost by the time they reached the Sierra Nevada range in October. Early snows were already falling in the high country but Gambel and a few others pushed on to the western slopes.In December, Gambel reached Rose's Bar, a gold mining camp on the Yuba River. The settlement was in the midst of a typhoid epidemic. Gambel tried to treat the ill miners but he became sick himself and died December 13, 1849. He was buried at the base of a giant ponderosa pine but the entire site was soon washed away by hydraulic mining. A genus of lizards, Gambelia, is named in his honour, also in 1848, a genus of flowering plants from California and Mexico, was named after him, Gambelia (plant). Notes

References

American naturalists
American ornithologists
1823 births
1849 deaths
Botanists active in California
Botanists active in North America
Scientists from California
Scientists from Pennsylvania
People from Philadelphia
Deaths from typhoid fever
19th-century American botanists
19th-century American zoologists

masks:
William Gambel
Gambel
William Gamble Jr
William Gamble Sr
William
William
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel
Gambel


title: Valiyaveetil Diju

texts:
<mask> (born 4 January 1981), also known as V<mask>, is an Indian badminton player from Kozhikode, Kerala. He clinched six National Championships title, once in the men's doubles and five times in the mixed doubles. He represented India in the 2012 London Olympics, became the first Indian player to participate at the Olympics in the mixed doubles alongside Jwala Gutta. He is the winner of Arjuna Award 2014, given by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, government of India to recognize his outstanding achievement in National sports. He is also the winner of G. V. Raja awards, which is the highest government-level recognition for sports persons in Kerala. He is winner of Jimmy George award 2014. He is also winner of Vivekanandha sports excellence award 2014.He won the Youth excellence award also in 2014.He is the only mixed doubles player from India to reach top 10 in the world badminton ranking(BWF) .His highest ranking is number 6th in world ranking. Career
<mask> started his International career by representing India for Asian junior badminton championship held at Hong Kong in 1997. In 2002, he and Sanave Thomas won the men's doubles title at the Indian National Championships by defeating Jaseel P. Ismail and Jaison Xavier in four games. He won the 2008 Bitburger Open in Germany along with Jwala Gutta. It was India's first mixed-doubles Grand Prix win. <mask> is a five-time National mixed-doubles champion. In 2006, he won the mixed team bronze medal in Commonwealth Games at Melbourne.<mask>-Gutta pair was runner-up at Indian Open held at Hyderabad in 2009. They lost to Indonesian Flandy Limpele and Vita Marissa in the final. 2009 World Badminton Championship
In August 2009, the <mask>-Gutta mixed doubles pair became the first Indians to enter the quarterfinals of World Championship. The Championships was held at Hyderabad, India. The duo, seeded 8th, got a bye in the first round followed by a walkover in the second. In the third round they defeated 12th seed polish pair of Robert Mateusiak and Nadiezda Kostiuczyk 21–11, 22–20 in a 31-minute clash. In the quarter-final they went down to defending champions and second seeds Nova Widianto and Lilyana Natsir of Indonesia.The Indian pair was beaten 16–21, 14–21 in 27 minutes. Chinese Taipei Grand Prix
On 30 August 2009, <mask> partnering Jwala Gutta became the first Indian badminton mixed doubles pair to win a Grand Prix Gold title. They defeated Indonesia's Hendra Aprida Gunawan and Vita Marissa 24–22, 21–18 in the Chinese Taipei Open final. In the quarter-final, the world No. 7 pair and third seed in the tournament, defeated South Korean pair Shin Baek-cheol and Yoo Hyun-Young and in the semi-final <mask> and Gutta prevailed over Malaysians Goh Liu Ying and Chan Peng Soon 21–11, 17–21, 24–22. 2009 World Super Series Masters
In December 2009, <mask> and his doubles partner Gutta reached the World Superseries Masters final in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. They beat Robert Mateusiak and Nadieżda Kostiuczyk of Poland in straight-games 21–19, 21–11.In the final the Indian pair went down to World Championship bronze medalists Joachim Fischer Nielsen and Christinna Pedersen 14–21, 18–21. 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games
In 2010, <mask> won the silver medal in Commonwealth Games in the mixed team event. He participated at the Asian Games in Guangzhou. <mask> and Gutta pair reached the quarter-finals of the World Championships for the second consecutive year beaten by Koreans Ko Sung-hyun and Ha Jung-eun 21–16, 21–19 having beaten the English pair of Chris Adcock and Gabrielle White and Malaysians Goh Liu Ying and Chan Peng Soon in straight games and overcoming Chayut Triyachart and Yao Lei from Singapore in the pre-quarters in three games. The pair also won the 2010 India Open Grand Prix Gold for their second Grand Prix Gold title beating Triyachart and Lei in three games. 2011 Ranchi National Games winner
In 2011, <mask> and Gutta reached the quarter-finals or better at three tournaments including two Super Series Premieres events at Denmark Open and China Masters where they reached the semi-finals, their first since 2009. They beat second seeded Chinese pair of Tao Jiaming and Tian Qing in the first round 5–21, 21–14, 21–18.2012 London Olympics
<mask> started his Olympic campaign pairing Jwala Gutta in mixed doubles. However they lost their opening match 16–21, 12–21 in just 25 minutes at the Wembley Arena in London. G.V Raja Award
Government of Kerala announced him as the recipient of G.V. Raja awards for 2012–13. Achievements

South Asian Games

BWF Superseries Finals

BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix has two levels, the BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) since 1983.BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
 BWF & IBF Grand Prix tournament

IBF International

  BWF International Challenge tournament
  BWF International Series tournament
  BWF Future Series tournament

Personal life
<mask> was born at Ramanattukara, in the Calicut district to Karunakaran and Lalitha on 4 January 1981. He did his schooling in Govt. Model Boys School, Thrissur. He completed his graduation from Farook College, Calicut. <mask> is currently working as Chief Manager in ONGC, Chennai. He is married to Dr. Soumya on 16 September 2012. <mask> and Soumya have a son Ivaan, who born 16 February 2017.<mask> has an elder brother Dinu. References

External links

 We stuck to our natural game: Exclusive interview to espnstar.com

1981 births
Living people
People from Kozhikode district
Racket sportspeople from Kerala
Malayali people
Indian male badminton players
Indian national badminton champions
Badminton players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of India
Badminton players at the 2006 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for India
Badminton players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in badminton
South Asian Games gold medalists for India
South Asian Games silver medalists for India
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
South Asian Games medalists in badminton

masks:
Valiyaveetil Diju
. Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju
Diju


title: Carmine DeSapio

texts:
<mask> (December 10, 1908 – July 27, 2004) was an American politician from New York City. He was the last head of the Tammany Hall political machine to dominate municipal politics. Early life and career
<mask> was born in lower Manhattan. His father was an Italian immigrant from Sicily, while his mother was a second generation Italian American. <mask>'s father operated a trucking business. <mask> graduated from Fordham University in 1931. He started his career in the Tammany Hall organization as an errand boy and messenger for precinct captains.<mask> earned a reputation during his deliveries of coal and turkey on behalf of the local Tammany club by thanking recipients for their acceptance of Tammany handouts. Tammany Hall had dominated New York City politics from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 until the election of Fiorello H. La Guardia in 1933. <mask> was first elected a district captain in 1939, but was rejected by the leadership in the struggle between Irish and Italian interests for control of the organization. In 1943 he was accepted as district leader for lower Greenwich Village. Tammany Hall boss
In 1949, <mask> became the youngest "boss" in the history of Tammany Hall, succeeding Hugo Rogers. <mask>'s Italian heritage signaled the end of Tammany's longtime dominance by Irish-American politicians, and he became the first nationally prominent Italian-American political leader. Unlike many previous Tammany Hall bosses, <mask> always made his decisions known to the public and promoted himself as a reformer.As boss of Tammany, he demonstrated liberal credentials when he diversified Tammany's leadership by naming the first Puerto Rican Manhattan district leader, Anthony Mandez, and backed Hulan Jack as Manhattan's first African-American Borough President. His ties with Frank Costello also failed to halt his rise to power in the local political scene. DeSapio reformed Tammany Hall's traditional sale of judgeships early in his role as Boss, reducing the cost of a position of judge from $75,000 to $25,000. This money was used to offset the cost of campaign expenses. Public image
DeSapio always seemed a personally modest man. Even though he operated out of four lavish offices, he lived for fifty years in a middle-class apartment on Washington Square with his wife Theresa Natale ("Natalie") and daughter Geraldine. As leader of Tammany Hall, DeSapio reveled in the limelight, attending charitable fund-raising events, making himself available to the press, and delivering speeches in highbrow venues that were thought off-limits to political bosses.In wielding his enormous political clout, he usually preferred extensive consultations and consensus-building to unilateral decision-making. His 16- to-18-hour workday began with pre-breakfast phone calls at home where, still dressed in pajamas and bathrobe, he received a stream of political associates. DeSapio would then visit his various offices for further meetings, and cram in a half-dozen public functions, including radio and television appearances and a late-night political dinner. <mask> succeeded in shucking Tammany's notoriety and fashioning himself as a sophisticated, enlightened and modern political boss. He favored well-tailored dark suits and striped ties and always looked as if he had just stepped out of a barber's chair. The only incongruity was the dark glasses he was forced to always wear because of chronic iritis. Involvement with organized crime
Throughout his political life, <mask> was noted for alleged involvement with organized crime, even though he fought to distance the organization from the unsavory days of Boss Tweed, and allegations of corruption.In 1951, Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee concluded that DeSapio was assisting the activities of New York's most powerful mobster Frank Costello, and that Costello had become influential in decisions made by the Tammany Hall council. <mask> admitted to having met Costello several times, but insisted that "politics was never discussed". These connections were examined by the Kefauver Commission. However, it later became apparent that he was also selling out to benefit local mobsters such as Costello. <mask> was accused of staffing New York City's government with clubhouse hacks. He followed the Tammany custom of selling judicial nominations, although he did cut the fee that would-be judges were required to pay. He steered valuable city contracts for streetlights and parking meters to the Broadway Maintenance Corporation, a company that, according to the State Investigation Commission, cheated taxpayers out of millions of dollars.1953 mayoral election
In 1953, he earned new respect and public admiration when he turned against the other Democratic leaders in New York City and used the power of Tammany Hall to help ensure that the highly-unpopular incumbent mayor, Vincent R. Impellitteri, was defeated in the Democratic Party primary  by Robert F. Wagner, Jr., an outspoken pro-reform Democrat, and then helped assure Wagner's victory in the general election. Following Wagner's success, DeSapio became a powerful and well-respected kingmaker in the New York political scene. 1958 U.S. Senate race
In 1958, <mask>'s image was severely damaged after he successfully manoeuvred to have his own candidate for Senate, Manhattan District Attorney Frank Hogan, placed on the Democratic and Liberal ticket. New Yorkers now saw DeSapio as an old-time Tammany Hall boss and Hogan lost the Senate election to Republican Kenneth Keating. Republican Nelson Rockefeller was elected Governor the same year as well. Democrats who had once praised DeSapio now found it expedient to excoriate him. In 1961, Wagner won re-election by running a reformist campaign that denounced his former patron, DeSapio, as an undemocratic practitioner of Tammany machine politics.The same year, <mask> lost the district leadership of his native Greenwich Village, a post he had held for two decades, to an upstart reform Democrat, James Lanigan, who was backed by nationally known liberal Democrats such as Wagner, Eleanor Roosevelt and former Senator Herbert H. Lehman. Ouster
His leadership ended in 1961, and with it the dynasty that was Tammany Hall. It took several years of work by Eleanor Roosevelt to bring this about. She told local journalist Murray Kempton, who published her remarks many years later in 1991 when he was a columnist for Newsday, "I told <mask> I would get him for what he did to Franklin, and get him I did." She had vowed revenge because she felt <mask> had derailed her son's (Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.) political ambitions by persuading him to abandon his run for Governor of New York in 1954 and instead run for New York Attorney General. After Roosevelt dropped out, <mask> then got the local Democratic Party officials to accept former banker and diplomat W. Averell Harriman as the Democratic Party's nominee for governor in the New York state election. Harriman barely managed to secure victory as Governor of New York and Roosevelt would lose his bid to become the New York Attorney General.Following Harriman's victory, <mask> served in Harriman's cabinet as Secretary of State of New York. Later career
In 1963 and 1965, after Lanigan stepped down, DeSapio tried to retake his position as Greenwich Village district leader, but was twice defeated by another reform candidate, Edward I. Koch, who would later go on to become mayor. DeSapio reached a low point in 1969 when he was convicted in a Federal Court of conspiracy and bribery after it was acknowledged that he conspired to bribe the former New York City water commissioner, James L. Marcus, and extort contracts from Consolidated Edison that would result in kickbacks. He served two years in federal prison (1971–1973). After his release, he never re-entered politics, but did support many community, charitable, and civic causes. He regained some of his former popularity through his skill as a speaker. In 1992, former Mayor Ed Koch, his opponent in 1963 and 1965, whom DeSapio had now befriended and met with on occasions, said of him: "He is a crook, but I like him ...Most politicians still like <mask>. He always gets the most applause when he is introduced at Democratic dinners". Among <mask>'s accomplishments were support of the Fair Employment Practices Law, the New York City rent control laws, and the lowering of the voting age to 18. Death
<mask> died at age 95 on July 27, 2004, at St. Vincent's Hospital in Manhattan. He was interred in a private mausoleum at Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens. He was survived by his daughter Geraldine A<mask>. References

External links

 Tammany Hall Links

1908 births
2004 deaths
American people convicted of bribery
Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
Fordham University alumni
American politicians of Italian descent
Leaders of Tammany Hall
New York (state) Democrats
People from Greenwich Village
American political bosses from New York (state)
Secretaries of State of New York (state)
20th-century American politicians

masks:
Carmine Gerard DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
Carmine
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
DeSapio
. DeSapio


title: Bingyi

texts:
<mask> (Chinese: 冰 逸), born in 1975 in Beijing, is a Chinese artist, curator, scholar, architectural designer, cultural critic and activist. Education
<mask> received her B.A. from Mount Holyoke College in 1998, her M. A. from Yale University in 2001 and a Doctorate in Art History from Yale University in 2005. Her dissertation entitled "Rereading Mawangdui, From Chu to Han" was ranked the sixth most read dissertation by ProQuest amongst 70,000 dissertations in 2006. Artwork
<mask> is best known for her enormous-scale ink paintings in which she works, over months or years, with the environmental conditions of a specific site, to capture a reality-scaled record of the climatic and topological forces shaping a natural or urban landscape. She is also known for her "ink bomb" Shanshui paintings using forces such as helicopters. She is one of the most provocative painters within the shanshui tradition yet manages to also work in different media and domains such as urban planning, film-making, poetry-writing and multi-media installations.At the other end of her wide-ranging practice, <mask> explores the microscopic origins of organic life in intimate, small-format paintings, in which her minute and meticulous brushwork paradoxically reveals a profoundly creative, gestural, and "calligraphically expressive" quality drawn from her daily calligraphy routine. Through her hypnotic, obsessive endurance, and execution both painstaking and nuanced, one senses the loving power of nature itself as it crafts animate life from inanimate matter. Her work has been described by critic Jonathan Goodman as "epic" in scale. After working as an archeologist and art historian, <mask> began showing her paintings in 2007. <mask>'s first large ink painting installation, 18 by 23 meters, opened at Chicago's Smart Museum of Art in 2011, in an exhibition curated by Wu Hung. He described the work as “arguably the largest ink painting ever made, the artist expresses a communion with both nature and traditions. Situated in the discourse on today’s artistic practice, this is truly a work of contemporary art, which employs traditional Chinese aesthetics to enrich the definition and language of contemporary artistic expressions.”

In October 2013, <mask> occupied the center of Toronto's city hall to create an 1,800-square-meter ink painting over the course of a twelve-hour outdoor public performance entitled Metamorphosis: To the Non-earthlings.Less than three months later, she created Epoché, an immense public performance and installation at the Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport. Nicknamed "ink bomb," Epoché became an internet sensation. Working with the conditions of suspension, gravity, land, and wind, she bombarded an airfield with 20-kilogram (44 lb) oil-and-ink "bombs"—500 kilograms of material in total—launched from a helicopter. The resulting monumental canvas, a record of the performance and event, was installed at the center of the airport. In early 2014 <mask> created an 18 by 22 meter ink painting/installation work entitled Wanwu. Wanwu is the most impressive in <mask>'s series of land and weather works. Made in Jiangxi Province's Longhu mountains, one of the most sacred sites in China, the painting registers the effects of wind, sun, humidity, air pressure, and terrain with ink and water on bespoke xuan paper.Installed again in a different manner for the Encounters public program of Art Basel Hong Kong 2016, Wanwu was a highlight of the art fair and was centrally featured in a variety of media outlets, including being selected as one of the top fifteen booths by Artsy. In 2018, Bingyi re-created an ink waterfall at Emei mountain. The 200-meter-long painting descended from the top of the mountain and ran down the watercourse where the original waterfall had ceased to flow. The Emei Ink Waterfall became the central installation of <mask>'s 2018 solo exhibition “The Impossible Landscapes” at the Ink Studio in Beijing. In 2019, Bingyi created “The Time Tower” in the city of Nanjing. The "Time Tower" is a 15-meter-high tower-shaped showpiece consisting of 28 huge screens constructed at the city of Nanjing. Various digital images and videos were projected onto the 28 screens, offering unique sensory experiences for visitors.<mask> named “The Time Tower” a “light architecture”, which combines spatial and sensory experiences into the beauty of information flow. On the same day, <mask> opened her 1000-meter installation in Shenzhen, entitled "The Skin of the Ocean". <mask> is also known for launching the Lizard Institute in Beijing, which focuses on the research and nurturing of creativity. She has offered free education to students from top institutions internationally. Caixin Magazine journalist Li Hong describes <mask> as “A New Kind of Modern Arts Educator” for her efforts and commitment to alternative education and research. The curriculum was designed to engage students in critical and creative thinking through studies of different perspectives through the eyes of artists, arts critics, and professionals whose work is related to critical and creative thinking, such as experts working in art, dance, filmmaking and media. Since 2015, <mask> has concentrated on a film project documenting the disappearance of Beijing's hutongs.Her narrative film trilogy Ruins will premier at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Ullens Center for Contemporary Art in 2020. <mask>'s artwork has been exhibited in Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Germany, South Korea, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. Her work was included in the 7th Gwangju Biennale. In popular culture
On film:
 2013 – The Enduring Passion for Ink by Britta Erickson
 2015 –  She Turned a Yuan Temple into Her Home by Yitiao App, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkw80DzGei0&list=PLLo7-IhUaVD21j2E4Y2HBBHRlSnSewg0l&index=44

References

External links
<mask>'s official site
Bingyi Huang at Max Protetch
Bingyi's at ArtNet.com

1975 births
Living people
21st-century Chinese women artists
21st-century Chinese artists
Chinese contemporary artists
Artists from Beijing
Mount Holyoke College alumni
Chinese activists
Chinese women activists
Yale University 1990s alumni
Yale University 2000s(Decade) alumni
Chinese painters
Chinese women painters

masks: Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi Bingyi


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts:
<mask>  (né Swan; born 28 April 1956) is a Scottish-born Australian singer, songwriter, and musician. His career both as a solo performer and as the lead vocalist with the rock band Cold Chisel has made him one of the most popular and best-selling Australian music artists of all time. The combination of 14 Australian Top 40 albums for Cold Chisel and 13 charting solo albums, including 17 No. 1s, gives <mask> the highest number of hit albums of any Australian or international artist in the Australian market. Early life
<mask> was born James Dixon Swan in the Cowcaddens area of Glasgow, the son of Dorothy and Jim Swan. His father was a prizefighter. His maternal grandmother was Jewish, but he was raised Protestant.He called his childhood environment a "slum" of alcohol and violence, stating that his mother had him and his four siblings (John, Dorothy, Linda and Alan) before she was 21. His older brother, John, would also later become known as a singer under the name Swanee. John encouraged and taught <mask> how to sing, as he was not initially interested. He and his family arrived in Australia when he was five years old on 21 January 1962, originally in Adelaide, though they eventually settled in nearby Elizabeth. Another sister, Lisa, was born later that year. Shortly afterward, their parents divorced. Dorothy remarried to a clerk named <mask>, who died on 3 September 2013.<mask> adopted the name James Dixon <mask>, after his stepfather. Cold Chisel

1973–1983
<mask> took up an apprenticeship in a foundry with the South Australian Railways in 1973, but the love he and his brother had for music led him to join a band. In 1974 his brother Swanee was playing drums with Fraternity, which had just parted ways with singer Bon Scott. <mask> took over the role but his tenure with the band was brief and in December 1975 <mask> had joined a harder-edged band called Orange, featuring organist and songwriter Don Walker, guitarist Ian Moss, drummer Steve Prestwich and bassist Les Kaczmarek. In 1974, Orange had changed its name to Cold Chisel and began to develop a strong presence on the local music scene. <mask>' relationship with the band was often volatile and he left several times, leaving Moss to handle vocal duties until he returned. After a temporary move to Armidale, New South Wales while Walker completed his engineering studies there, Cold Chisel moved to Melbourne in August 1976, and then three months later shifted base to Sydney.Progress was slow and <mask> announced he was leaving once again in May 1977 to join Swanee in a band called Feather. However, his farewell performance with Cold Chisel went so well that he changed his mind and decided to stay in the band, and a month later WEA signed the band. Between 1978 and 1984, Cold Chisel released five studio albums and won numerous TV Week / Countdown Awards. The band broke up in December 1983, the band's final performances at the Sydney Entertainment Centre running from the 12th to the 15th of December 1983. Solo career

1980s
In November 1979, <mask> met Jane Mahoney (born 1958 as Jane Dejakasaya in Bangkok, Thailand), the stepdaughter of an Australian diplomat. <mask> began a relationship with her. The pair married in Sydney on 22 May 1981 and Jane gave birth to their first child Mahalia, named after Mahalia Jackson, on 12 July 1982.The couple have four children (Mahalia, Eliza-Jane, Elly-May, and Jackie). <mask> launched his solo career less than a month after Cold Chisel's Last Stand tour came to an end in December 1983. He assembled a band that included Arnott, former Fraternity bass player Bruce Howe and guitarists Mal Eastick (ex-Stars) and Chris Stockley (ex-The Dingoes) and began touring and writing for a solo album. Signing to Mushroom Records, <mask> released his debut single "No Second Prize" in August 1984, which peaked at number 12 on the Australian charts. <mask>' debut solo album Bodyswerve was released in September 1984 and debuted at Number One on the Australian charts. On 22 December 1984, days after <mask> had begun that year's Barnestorming tour, his second daughter, Eliza-Jane "E.J. ", was born.<mask>' second album For the Working Class Man was released in December 1985 and included the tracks "I'd Die to Be with You Tonight" and "Working Class Man". For the Working Class Man debuted on the Australian national chart at No. 1 in December 1985 and it remained at No. 1 for seven weeks. Titled simply <mask> in the US, the album was issued in February to tie in with the release of the Ron Howard film Gung Ho, which featured "Working Class Man". The <mask> band that toured Australia in support of the album featured Howe and Arnott, plus keyboardist Peter Kekell, former Rose Tattoo guitarist Robin Riley and American guitarist Dave Amato. With the release of the album in America, <mask> headed off with a band of Canadian musicians hand-picked by his North American management team and toured with ZZ Top.It was the first time since 1981 that he had toured without his family as part of his entourage, as Jane was pregnant. Shortly after their son Jackie (named after Jackie Wilson) was born on 4 February 1986, she and the children joined him in the US for the rest of the tour. In 1986 <mask> recorded two songs with INXS, an Easybeats cover "Good Times" and "Laying Down The Law", which he co-wrote with INXS members Andrew Farriss and Michael Hutchence. "Good Times" was used as the theme song for the Australian Made series of concerts that toured the country in the summer of 1986–87. Australian Made was the largest touring festival of Australian music talent that had ever been attempted to that point. <mask> and INXS headlined and the rest of the line-up featured Mental as Anything, Divinyls, Models, The Saints, I'm Talking and The Triffids. The shows began in Hobart, Tasmania on 26 December and concluded in Sydney on Australia Day, 26 January 1987.A concert film of this event was made by Richard Lowenstein and released later that year. "Good Times" peaked at No. 2 on the Australian chart. In October 1987, <mask> released "Too Much Ain't Enough Love", which became his first solo number-one single. <mask>' third album, Freight Train Heart, was released in December 1987 and peaked at number one. Freight Train Heart found moderate success outside of Australia and as recently as 2003 was named as one of the top 100 rock albums of all time by British magazine Powerplay. In November 1988, <mask> released his first solo live album, <mask>torming which became his fourth solo number one album.A version of the Percy Sledge standard "When a Man Loves a Woman" released from the album peaked at number 3. In the middle of 1989, <mask> went into Westmead Children's Hospital in Sydney with pregnancy complications; Elly-<mask> was born almost three months prematurely on 3 May. Her father held off all further writing and recording until she was released from a humidicrib several months later. 1990s
In 1990, <mask> recorded his fourth studio album and featured songwriting contributions from the likes of Desmond Child, Diane Warren and Holly Knight. Two Fires was released in August 1990 and debuted at number one on the Australian chart. The album featured the top twenty singles "Lay Down Your Guns", "Let's Make it Last All Night" and "When Your Love is Gone". In November 1991, <mask> released his fifth studio album, Soul Deep, an album of soul covers.<mask> had long fostered a love for soul and black music, naming his children after influential black artists and including songs by Sam Cooke and Percy Sledge on previous albums. Soul Deep became <mask>' sixth Australian number one album and included the track "When Something Is Wrong with My Baby" with John Farnham. In March 1993, <mask> released Heat which was influenced by the then-current grunge trend and the music of the Red Hot Chili Peppers. Heat peaked at number two on the ARIA charts, becoming his first solo album, not to peak at number one. The album contained the song "Stone Cold", written by former Cold Chisel bandmate Don Walker. It marked the first time <mask> had worked with any member of his old band for almost a decade. The pair teamed up for an acoustic version of the track for an unplugged album Flesh and Wood, which was released in December 1993 and peaked at number two.The album included a version of The Band's "The Weight", recorded with The Badloves, which became a top ten hit. Also in 1993, <mask> teamed up with Tina Turner for a duet version of "The Best" in the form of a TV promotion for rugby league's Winfield Cup. The single also reached the top ten in 1993. In the mid-1990s, <mask>' career suffered a slump. He faced financial ruin as his music publishing company Dirty Sheet Music and his wife's children's fashion label both went broke. He was pursued by both the ANZ Bank and the Australian Taxation Office for amounts exceeding $1.3 million. The family sold their property in Bowral, New South Wales and settled for some time in Aix-en-Provence, France, attracting some adverse publicity when he assaulted a television crew from Channel 7.While there, <mask> did considerable live work throughout Britain and toured with the Rolling Stones. In June 1995, <mask> released his eighth studio album, Psyclone which peaked at number 2 in Australia and featured the top-twenty single "Change of Heart". In September 1996, <mask> released "Lover Lover", which peaked at number 6 on the singles chart. This was followed in October 1996, with <mask>' first greatest hits compilation, Barnes Hits Anthology, becoming <mask>' seventh solo number one album. In 1998, Cold Chisel reformed and <mask> returned to Australia with his family after three years in France. In March 1999 <mask> performed the 1978 Sylvester hit "You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)" live onstage at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras' annual party. Later that year <mask> released the heavy rock single "Love and Hate", followed by its parent album Love and Fear.An autobiographical record combining hard rock with electronic music, Love and Fear was <mask>' first album to miss the Australian top ten, peaking at number 22. 2000s

In October 2000, <mask> performed at the closing ceremony of the Sydney Olympics. In November 2000, <mask> released a second album of soul tunes, titled Soul Deeper... Songs From the Deep South. The album peaked at number 3 on the ARIA charts. A number of live albums followed with little commercial success.

masks:
James Dixon Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Reg Barnes
Jimmy
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jane Barnes
May Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts:
 In 2004, <mask> recorded an album with Deep Purple guitarist Steve Morse, Uriah Heep drummer Lee Kerslake, bass player Bob Daisley and keyboard player Don Airey under the name Living Loud.The self-titled album featured a number of songs originally written and recorded with Ozzy Osbourne by Kerslake, Daisley, and Airey. In July 2005, <mask> released his eleventh studio album, Double Happiness, which debuted at number one on the ARIA Charts. Double Happiness was an album of duets, including several with his children, daughters Mahalia and Elly-May, son Jackie and oldest son, entertainer David Campbell. After its initial success, it was re-released as a double CD/DVD package featuring many of his duets from previous albums, including those with INXS, John Farnham, Joe Cocker, and Tina Turner. <mask> was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame on 23 October 2005 for his solo career efforts. In late 2006, <mask> became patron of the Choir of Hard Knocks, a choral group formed by Jonathon Welch and consisting of homeless and disadvantaged people in Melbourne. The formation of the choir was documented by the ABC as a five-part series aired in May 2007.<mask> took an active part in the teaching of the choir despite his health problems and has even busked with them. <mask> or a member of his extended family have regularly performed "Flame Trees" with the Choir at their concerts including those at Melbourne Town Hall on 24 June and the Sydney Opera House on 17 July 2007. In a January 2007 interview with The Bulletin, <mask> spoke passionately about Australian rock musicians saying: "Australian bands for me will always have the grunt. Grunt is what gives you longevity, strength, the power to believe in yourself. We have great bands here because they play live, they cut their teeth playing to people.". <mask> underwent heart surgery in February 2007.<mask> under the knife On 7 July 2007 <mask> was a presenter at the Australian leg of Live Earth. In August he became a regular presenter on The Know, a pop culture program on the pay-TV channel MAX and has also been a presenter of the Planet Rock program on the Austereo network.In September 2007 he started recording his twelfth studio album, Out in the Blue. Produced by Nash Chambers, it was released on 14 November and debuted at number 3 on the ARIA chart. The songs were written while he recovered from his heart surgery, and displayed a more subdued mood than much of his previous output. "When Two Hearts Collide" was a duet with Kasey Chambers. The album was promoted with a performance at the Sydney Opera House, which was released on CD and DVD. In March 2008, <mask> appeared as a special guest during soul singer Guy Sebastian's tour. November 2008 saw the release of a duet with son David Campbell, a cover of The Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" that featured on Campbell's album Good Lovin'.In September 2009, <mask> released his thirteenth studio album The Rhythm and the Blues which became <mask>' ninth Australian number one album; thus giving him more No. 1 albums than any other Australian artist. 2010s

In August 2010, <mask> released his fourteenth solo studio album, Rage and Ruin. <mask> stated that the ideas for most of the lyrics and song themes came from a journal he kept during a period in his life (late 1990s to early 2000s) when he struggled with drug and alcohol addiction. Rage and Ruin debuted at number 3 on the ARIA Charts on 5 September 2010. On 27 September 2010, it was revealed that <mask> met two previously unknown adult daughters. On 14 March 2011 he planted a flame tree, made famous in Cold Chisel's 1984 song "Flame Trees", at the National Arboretum Canberra.<mask> then headlined at Celebrate in the Park, playing a 90-minute set which included his solo hits and some Cold Chisel greats. He was joined by daughter Mahalia in a soulful rendition of "When the War Is Over", which he dedicated to the memory of Steve Prestwich. In August 2014, <mask> released, 30:30 Hindsight, which is an anniversary album, celebrating 30 years since his chart-topping debut solo album, Bodyswerve. The album debuted at No. 1 in Australia, becoming <mask>' 10th solo No. 1 album. In 2015, <mask> asked the Reclaim Australia Political Party to stop playing his music at their Rallies.In July 2015, it was announced that <mask> would release Best of the Soul Years compilation. The album would be compiled of soul and R&B classics, from his three soul albums; "Soul Deep" (1991), "Soul Deeper" (2000) and "The Rhythm and the Blues" (2009). A fourth album of soul covers was released in June 2016 called, Soul Searchin', which became <mask>' 11th number one album in Australia and tied <mask> the equal second-most (with Madonna and U2) of all time behind The Beatles at 14. In 2016, <mask> released his autobiography, Working Class Boy, which explored his traumatic childhood experiences. In 2017, he featured in the song "Big Enough" by Kirin J. Callinan, alongside Alex Cameron and Molly Lewis. The song was featured on The Tonight Show with <mask> in a comedic skit. In addition to this, his cameo in the song's music video became a popular internet meme in late 2017.In March of the same year, <mask> released a children's album called Och Aye the G'nu. It won the ARIA Award for Best Children's Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2017, although the brand that appeared on the album, as well as the poetry books that were released on the first of April are related to The Wiggles. In November 2017, <mask> released a second memoir; a sequel to Working Class Boy titled Working Class Man. On 3 May 2018, <mask> won the biography of the year award at the Australian Book Industry Awards for the second year in a row. <mask> also guest-starred in the television comedy "These New South Whales" based on the Australian band. His autobiography Working Class Boy was adapted into a film by Universal Pictures. Directed by Mark Joffe, the film premiered in Australian cinemas on 23 August 2018.A soundtrack was released on 17 August 2018. In January 2019, <mask> announced his forthcoming eighteenth solo studio album My Criminal Record. It was released on 17 May 2019. It became <mask>'s 12th solo number-one album, and 16th including releases with Cold Chisel on the Australian albums chart, making him the artist with the most chart-topping albums in Australian chart history, having previously tied at 11 number ones with Madonna and U2. At the APRA Music Awards of 2020, "Shutting Down Our Town" was nominated for Most Performed Rock Work of the Year. 2020s
In 2021, <mask> stated that he formed a rockabilly band with Slim Jim Phantom and Chris Cheney. Personal life

<mask> is a practising Buddhist.He has seven children, four with his wife Jane: Mahalia, Elly-May, Eliza-Jane, and Jackie, one with Kim Campbell (a previous relationship): David Campbell, and two daughters from earlier relationships: Amanda Bennett and Megan Torzyn. He is brother-in-law to fellow musician and long time collaborator, Diesel, who married <mask>’s sister, Jep, in 1989. <mask> is a supporter of the Australian Labor Party. Discography

Cold Chisel

Studio albums
 Bodyswerve (1984)
 For the Working Class Man (1985)
 Freight Train Heart (1987)
 Two Fires (1990)
 Soul Deep (1991)
 Heat (1993)
 Flesh and Wood (1993)
 Psyclone (1995)
 Love and Fear (1999)
 Soul Deeper... Songs From the Deep South (2000)
 Double Happiness (2005)
 Out in the Blue (2007)
 The Rhythm and the Blues (2009)
 Rage And Ruin (2010)
 30:30 Hindsight (2014)
 Soul Searchin' (2016)
 Och Aye the G'nu (2017)
 Working Class Boy (2018)
 My Criminal Record (2019)
 Flesh and Blood (2021)

Honours and significant awards
In 2017 <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to the performing arts as a musician, singer and songwriter, and through support for not-for-profit organisations, particularly to children with a disability. APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually. |-
| 2016
| (<mask> as part of) Cold Chisel
| Ted Albert Award for Outstanding Services to Australian Music
|
|-
| 2020
| "Shutting Down Our Town" (featuring Troy Cassar-Daley)
| Most Performed Rock Work
|
|-

ARIA Awards
<mask> has won seven Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Awards, including his induction into their Hall of Fame in 2005.They have been held annually since 1973. |-
| 2006
| "Birds on a Wire" (with Troy Cassar-Daley)
| Vocal Collaboration of the Year
|

TV Week / Countdown AwardsCountdown was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974–1987, it presented music awards from 1979–1987, initially in conjunction with magazine TV Week. The TV Week / Countdown Awards were a combination of popular-voted and peer-voted awards. |-
| 1980
| himself
| Most Popular Male Performer
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1984
| rowspan="2" | himself
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-
| Best Songwriter
|
|-
| 1985
| himself - "Working Class Man"
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1986
| himself & INXS "Good Times"
| Best Group Performance in a Video
|
|-
| himself - "Ride the Night Away"
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-

References

Further reading
 Who's Who of Australian Rock – Chris Spencer, Paul McHenry, Zbig Nowara, 2002; Say it Loud with Alan Whiticker, Published by Gary Allen, Australia, September 2002; Icons of Australian Music: <mask>'' – Scott Podmore. Published by Hyperactive Inc. 2008;

External links

Unofficial <mask> website dedicated to collecting everything JB related

1956 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
Australian Buddhists
Australian male singer-songwriters
Australian people of Scottish-Jewish descent
Australian rock singers
Scottish rock singers
Cold Chisel members
Converts to Buddhism
Musicians from Adelaide
Musicians from Sydney
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Scottish people of Jewish descent
Australian expatriates in France
Australian soul singers
Australian rhythm and blues musicians
Australian soul musicians
Australian rhythm and blues singers
Australian male writers
Swan musical family
Living Loud members
Geffen Records artists
Mushroom Records artists
Internet memes
Provogue Records

masks:
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Fallon
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jane Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Barnes
Jimmy Barnes


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
<mask> (18 December 1861 – 29 November 1946) was a German mathematician. Family

<mask> was born in Dresden as the first child of the musician <mask> (1823–1907) and the painter <mask>, née Japha (1828–1882). <mask> married the pianist Sophie Sebass (1864–1924) in 1889. They had two daughters and a son: Tillyta (1890–1970), Lotte (1894–1971) and the physicist <mask> (1899–1963). In view of the artistically affected family environment – father musician, mother painter, aunt Louise Japha (1826–1910) pianist, sister <mask> (1863–1937) singer, brother <mask> painter – it does not surprise that <mask> also painted sometimes and regularly made music, even beyond the narrow circle of family or colleagues. Education

He successfully completed his final grammar school examinations at the Städtische Gymnasium zum Heiligen Kreuz (Kreuzschule) in Dresden at Easter 1880, served his military service for one year and commenced the study at the teachers department of the Polytechnikum Dresden at the summer term 1881. In spring 1885 he successfully completed the examinations for teachers at secondary schools, authorizing him for mathematics and physics in all classes of grammar schools and junior highs, as well as for geography excluding the preparations of the final secondary school examinations.A travel grant of the Polytechnikum allowed him to earn a doctorate, possible in those days at universities only. On 1 April 1885 <mask> commenced his probationary year as teacher at the Thomasschule in Leipzig, and at the same time he attended courses and seminars at the university of Leipzig, esp. under Felix Klein, from whom he also received the topic for his dissertation. On 4 August 1886 he was accredited with a PhD at the Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen, the new work-place of Felix Klein. Career as a teacher

From 1 December 1886 he worked as permanent teacher at the Städtische Gymnasium zum Heiligen Kreuz (Kreuzschule) by the will of the council of city Dresden. There <mask> taught until his retirement as schoolmaster, lecturer, senior teacher, and professor. Extra officially he assisted for a long time at the chair for descriptive geometry of the TH Dresden, and he designed advertising brochures for the renowned concern Koch & Stenzel at Dresden.<mask> was one of those secondary-school teachers, who remained being associated with the development of their science, and who published frequently themselves. As teacher of a grammar school with close contacts to both, high schools and praxis, he was open-minded to the reforms movement for mathematics and natural science education, which to the end of the 1880s / beginnings of 1890s gained strength. Felix Klein, being elected as leader of the international mathematics education commission (IMUK), consulted <mask> for the papers published by the IMUK. Der mathematische Unterricht an den Gymnasien und Realanstalten und die Ausbildung der Lehramtskandidaten im Königreich Sachsen, (The mathematics class at grammar schools and junior highs, and the education of teachers in the Saxon kingdom) written by <mask> was published 1910. The Verein zur Förderung des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts (development association for mathematics and natural science classes) played an essential role for the reforms movement, esp. because of its grass-roots workload. <mask> was one of its board members for a long time, and too was among the founders of the Förderverein’s very busy local union in Dresden.As, in the run of these reforms, differential and integral calculus found entrance to the curriculum of secondary schools for the first time (since 1907 in Saxon), a representation of this subject area was needed which was fitting for these students. On this background Walther Lietzmann (1880–1956) and <mask> together with Teubner Verlag established the Mathematisch-Physikalische Bibliothek in Leipzig. Witting not only was co-publisher, he also was author of several multiply reprinted booklets of that series. His booklets on differential and integral calculus were published since the middle of the 1930s in the Göschen compilation – in a highly extended form and supplemented by separate exercise books. For several years from 1911 on, <mask> additionally published Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (Proceedings of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors). Politics
Beginning in 1891, <mask> attended military practices nearly every year. Beside others in World War I he was supervisor of a gas defence course for officers in Dessau and was deployed at a mortar school, reaching the rank of major.His military teachings led him to publish Soldaten-Mathematik (Soldiers' Mathematics) in 1916. From the end of 1886 <mask> was a member of the Natural Scientific Society ISIS in Dresden and was active in the mathematical section of ISIS, founded in 1875. His ISIS lectures reflected the results of own researches, experiences from being a teacher, as well as from his works in specialist societies. When the National Socialists took over, <mask> had already retired from teaching. He had been active in World War I, and his achievements about secondary schools were generally honoured. All this taken together caused that (being a Half-Jew in the sense of the Nuremberg Laws of the National Socialists) he was not bothered too hard. He was not affiliated to the NS teachers alliance, but was at first allowed to join as a guest.He also remained an honorary member of the development association, which in that form only existed until 1936. On his 75th and 80th birthdays he received several official congratulation letters, for instance from the publishing companies Teubner and de Gruyter, but also from the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV). Like any household with a half-Jew, <mask>'s was not free from certain limitations. The aged <mask> in those days mostly worked at home. The secondary school remained close to his heart up to his end. After the Nazi regime had ended, consideration was to reclaim to positive things. In November 1945 <mask>'s Aufruf zur Rettung der höheren Schule (call for rescue of secondary school) was published posthumously in Physikalischen Blättern.Writings
 Der mathematische Unterricht an den Gymnasien und Realanstalten und die Ausbildung der Lehramtskandidaten im Königreich Sachsen. Leipzig und Berlin 1910
 Zur Rettung der höheren Schulen. In: Physikalische Blätter (Neue Physikalische Blätter). 2. Jahrgang 1946, Heft 9, pp. 237–238
 In der Mathematisch-Physikalische Bibliothek – Gemeinverständliche Darstellungen aus der Elementarmathematik und -physik für Schule und Leben herausgegeben von Dir. Dr. W. Lietzmann und Studienrat Dr. A<mask>, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig und Berlin:
– Einführung in die Infinitesimalrechnung, Band 9.– Beispiele z. Geschichte d. Mathematik, Band 15 (mit M. Gebhardt). – Soldaten-Mathematik, Band 22. References
 Jahresberichte der Kreuzschule. Dresden 1885–1899, p. 2
 Kleine Chronik der Kreuzschule. Dresden 1891; p. 48
 Poggendorff’s Handwörterbuch Leipzig 1904, 1926, 1939, 1953 (Eintrag <mask>)
 Wilhelm Lorey: Der deutsche Verein zur Förderung des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts e. V. 1891–1938 Frankfurt/Main 1938
 Stadtarchiv Dresden, Bestand Schulamt, Signatur 2.3.20 Dr. <mask>
 Waltraud Voss: ... eine Hochschule (auch) für Mathematiker ... Augsburg 2005; p. 207 and p. 115, 126, 189, 192, 273, 274
 Waltraud Voss: Die Sektion für reine und angewandte Mathematik der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. – In: Festschrift 175 Jahre Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ISIS in Dresden. Sonderheft zur Festveranstaltung am 28.März 2009. Dresden-Bautzen 2009, p. 105–127
 Waltraud Voss: Prof. Dr. phil. <mask> (1861–1946). Akteur in mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fachvereinigungen, Author und Herausgeber (Vortrag, gehalten auf der 11. Tagung der Fachsektion Geschichte der Mathematik der DMV vom 20.–24. Mai 2009 in Pfalzgrafenweiler; erscheint 2010 im Tagungsband)
 Helga <mask> (Privatarchiv): Mitteilungen zur Familie. External links

 Sächsische Biographie – <mask>

1861 births
1946 deaths
19th-century German mathematicians
People educated at the Kreuzschule
20th-century German mathematicians

masks:
Carl Johann Adolf Alexander Witting
Witting
Carl Witting
Minna Witting
Alexander Witting
Rudolf Witting
Agnes Witting
Walther Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
. Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
<mask> (; June 13, 1929 – March 3, 2012) was an American conceptual designer and illustrator. His career included work on the original Star Wars trilogy, the original Battlestar Galactica television series, the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and the film Cocoon, for which he won an Academy Award. Early life
<mask> was born on June 13, 1929 in Gary, Indiana and was raised on a farm near Billings, Montana. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, surviving a shot to the head. After returning from the war, McQuarrie moved to California in the 1960s, studying at the Art Center School, then in downtown Los Angeles. Career
McQuarrie initially worked for a dentistry firm, illustrating teeth and equipment, before working as an Artist and Preliminary Design Illustrator for the Boeing Company, where he drew diagrams for a manual on constructing the 747 Jumbo Jet, as well as designing film posters and animating CBS News' coverage of the Apollo space program at the three-man company Reel Three.While there, <mask> was asked by Hal Barwood to produce some illustrations for a film project he and Matthew Robbins were starting. Star Wars

The young filmmaker George Lucas was impressed by <mask>'s work and met with him to discuss his plans for a space-fantasy film, The Star Wars. Lucas sought visual reference material to support his pitch to film studios and purchased pieces of science fiction artwork by John Berkey. In 1975, Lucas commissioned <mask> to illustrate several scenes from the script of the film. <mask> may have been inspired by some of Berkey's works, in particular a painting of a rocket-plane diving down through space towards a gigantic mechanical planet (the image had been used as cover art for the 1972 reprint of the short story anthology Star Science Fiction Stories No.4). <mask>'s concept paintings were instrumental in helping Lucas to win approval from 20th Century Fox; armed with vivid illustrations of his planned movie, Lucas was able to convince Fox executives to take a gamble and fund his  Star Wars project. Despite their scepticism, it became a huge success upon release in 1977.Among <mask>'s Star Wars portfolio were concept paintings depicting scenes on the planet Tatooine, inside the Mos Eisley cantina, inside the Death Star and on the moon of Yavin. During filming, Lucas ensured that many shots reproduced <mask>'s paintings exactly, such was his esteem for <mask>'s work. McQuarrie has said of his work on Star Wars, "I thought I had the best job that an artist ever had on a film, and I had never worked on a feature film before. ... I still get fan mail — people wondering if I worked on Episode I or just wanting to have my autograph." <mask> designed many of the film's characters, including Darth Vader, Chewbacca, R2-D2 and C-3PO and drew many concepts for the film's sets. His production painting of R2-D2 and C-3PO wandering in the desert on the planet Tatooine was the first to be completed.His early concept for C-3PO was visibly inspired by the Art Deco Maschinenmensch robot from Fritz Lang's 1927 film Metropolis. The painting had a particular impact on actor Anthony Daniels, who was about to turn down the part of C-3PO; "He had painted a face and a figure that had a very wistful, rather yearning, rather bereft quality, which I found very appealing," stated Daniels, and the appeal of <mask>'s image convinced him to accept the role. At Lucas's suggestion, McQuarrie designed a breathing apparatus for Darth Vader to wear. In an interview with Star Wars Insider Magazine, <mask> stated that Lucas's artistic direction was to portray a malevolent figure in a cape with Samurai armour. "For Darth Vader, George [Lucas] just said he would like to have a very tall, dark fluttering figure that had a spooky feeling like it came in on the wind." McQuarrie noted that the script indicated that Vader would travel between spaceships and needed to survive in the vacuum of space, and he proposed that Vader should wear some sort of space suit. Lucas agreed, and <mask> combined a full-face breathing mask with a  Samurai helmet, thus creating one of the most iconic designs of space fantasy cinema.A 1975 production painting of Darth Vader engaged in a lightsaber duel with Deak Starkiller (a character prototype for Luke Skywalker) depicts Vader wearing black armour, a flowing cape and an elongated, skull-like mask and helmet. Its similarity to the final design of Vader's costume demonstrates that <mask>'s earliest conception of Vader was so successful that very little needed to be changed for production. Working from McQuarrie's artwork, the costume designer John Mollo devised a costume that could be worn by an actor on-screen using a combination of clerical robes, a motorcycle suit, a German military helmet and a gas mask. The prop sculptor Brian Muir created the helmet and armour used in the film from McQuarrie's designs. While <mask> was working on visualisation work for Lucas, he was also commissioned by an executive of Ballantine Books, Judy-Lynn del Rey, to produce the cover art of the forthcoming novelization of Star Wars. The first edition of Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker went to press in 1976 featuring <mask>'s version of Darth Vader's helmet on the cover. Like the film, the book was a runaway success, and <mask> began a long relationship with the publisher, producing the artwork for 22 further titles for Del Rey Books between 1978 and 1987.Star Trek
Around the time that <mask> was completing his work on Star Wars, he was brought on board the design team for a planned cinematic production based on Gene Roddenberry's science fiction television series, Star Trek. Entitled Star Trek: Planet of the Titans, the film was to feature a redesigned USS Enterprise starship, and <mask> was recruited to provide the visualizations. His triangular ship design has been likened to the appearance of the Star Destroyers featured in Star Wars. Star Trek: Planet of the Titans did not make it past the pre-production phase and the project was cancelled in 1977. The design was later used in 2017's Star Trek: Discovery as the basis of the titular ship. Star Wars sequels

When Lucas began work on his sequel to Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back (1980), <mask> was once again brought in to supply previsualization artwork. His sketches and production paintings established the appearance of some of the saga's most enduring elements, such as the gigantic AT-AT Walkers in the battle on the ice planet Hoth and the wizened elf creature Yoda.<mask>'s design for Cloud City, a floating city in the clouds, actually originated from his early sketches for Star Wars from 1975, when he was illustrating a concept for the planet Alderaan, as described in Lucas's 1975 draft script, Adventures of the Starkiller as taken from the Journal of the Whills, Saga I: The Star Wars. <mask> made an uncredited cameo appearance in The Empire Strikes Back, when he appeared in the film's opening sequence in the Rebel base on Hoth as a character named General Pharl <mask>. In 2007, McQuarrie became part of the  Star Wars action figure range when an action figure in his likeness as "<mask>" was produced for the Star Wars 30th anniversary in 2007. Action figures were also produced based on <mask>'s concept art, including conceptual versions of the Imperial Stormtrooper, Chewbacca, R2-D2 and C-3PO, Darth Vader, Han Solo, Boba Fett, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda and other characters. By the time <mask> was engaged on Lucas's third Star Wars picture, Return of the Jedi (1983), he had begun to experience creative fatigue. "It became less fun as time went on. I had done the best part already and I was just rehashing everything.I kept meeting myself in my thinking. It became more and more difficult to keep my enthusiasm up," McQuarrie has said. Despite his earlier success, fewer of his design ideas were included in the final cut of the film. Other film and TV work
<mask> designed the alien ships in Steven Spielberg's films Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), while his work as the conceptual artist on the 1985 film Cocoon earned him the Academy Award for Visual Effects. He also worked on the 1978 TV series Battlestar Galactica, and the films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home and *batteries not included. Retirement
Rick McCallum offered McQuarrie a role as designer for the Star Wars prequel trilogy, but he rejected the offer, noting he had "run out of steam" and Industrial Light & Magic animator Doug Chiang was appointed instead.<mask> retired and his Star Wars concept paintings were subsequently displayed in art exhibitions, including the 1999 Star Wars: The Magic of Myth. Several of <mask>'s unused designs from the original trilogy were utilized for the Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels animated TV series, including the planet Orto Plutonia, which was based on <mask>'s original design of Hoth, and the characters Zeb Orrelios and Chopper, based on his original designs for Chewbacca and R2-D2, respectively. Personal life
McQuarrie married Joan Benjamin in 1983 and stayed married until his death at age 82 on March 3, 2012, in his Berkeley, CA home. McQuarrie died from complications of Parkinson's disease. Critical assessment
Christian Blauvelt of Entertainment Weekly praised McQuarrie's works as "pioneering of the 'used future' aesthetic" which unlike other science-fiction, "imagined a lived-in galaxy that was gritty, dirty, and in advance states of decay." He described McQuarrie's style as "strongly geometric subjects rendered in muted colors against a flat, purposefully compressed backdrop. A McQuarrie Star Wars design looks like what would have resulted if Salvador Dalí had sketched concepts for Universal’s 1936 Flash Gordon serial by way of Sergio Leone’s Old West."Neil Kendricks of The San Diego Union-Tribune emphasised <mask>'s importance to the Star Wars franchise, saying that the artist "holds a unique position when it comes to defining much of the look of the "Star Wars" universe." After <mask>'s death, George Lucas said: "His genial contribution, in the form of unequalled production paintings, propelled and inspired all of the cast and crew of the original Star Wars trilogy. When words could not convey my ideas, I could always point to one of <mask>'s fabulous illustrations and say, 'do it like this'." Legacy
The current Lucasfilm creative team is employing parts of <mask>'s original unused concept art from the seventies and eighties in the development of new Star Wars-related media. Filmography
 Star Wars (1977) (production illustrator)
 Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) (Mother Ship designer)
 Battlestar Galactica (1978) (production and concept illustrator)
 Star Wars Holiday Special (1978) (illustrator)
 The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (design consultant and conceptual artist)
 Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (ILM illustrator)
 E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) (scenic artist/spaceship design)
 Return of the Jedi (1983) (conceptual artist)
 Cocoon (1985) (conceptual artist)
 Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986) (visual consultant)
 *batteries not included (1987) (conceptual artist)
 Nightbreed (1990) (conceptual artist)
 Back to the Future: The Ride (1991) (conceptual artist) (uncredited)

Actor
 The Empire Strikes Back (1980) - General McQuarrie (uncredited)

Bibliography
McQuarrie's previsualization artwork, production sketches and paintings, and matte paintings feature prominently in the first three volumes of The Art of Star Wars book series. Reprinted 1994
Reprinted 1994
Reprinted 1995

See also

List of Star Wars artists

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

Ralph McQuarrie Concept Sketches and Concept Paintings for Battlestar Galactica (1978)
"Ralph McQuarrie obituary: Conceptual artist who brought Star Wars to life" (Guardian article)

1929 births
2012 deaths
American illustrators
American poster artists
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Film poster artists
People from Gary, Indiana
Role-playing game artists
Science fiction artists
20th-century American artists
Artists from Indiana

masks:
Ralph Angus McQuarrie
Ralph McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
General McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
Ralph
McQuarrie


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
<mask>. Rakic (born 1967 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian philosopher and political scientist. He publishes in English, but also in Serbian. He has a PhD in political science from Rutgers University in the United States. His publications on ethics, bioethics (human enhancement in particular), Kant, and cosmopolitan justice are considered as influential writings in the international academic arena, as can be read in the references to <mask>`s works, the endorsements of his two latest books, as well as in the open letter of support for Rakić that has been signed by dozens of the world`s most reputed (bio)ethicists and philosophers, in which they state their opinion about him (about all this later in this article). Justice and Kant

Rakić is the author of a variety of books and articles from the domain of philosophy and political science. They include "How to Enhance Morality", "The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality",A Theory of the Normative Will, History and Future of Justice and Hegemony, Culture and Human Resources in Politics. In History and Future of Justice Rakić analyzes the teleological thesis that history in the long run is marked by a gradual development of morality and justice, and that humanity will achieve a condition of "perfect justice" at the end of its historical development– provided that history will last sufficiently long.A topical book influenced by History and Future of Justice is The Evolution of God, published in 2009 by Robert Wright. In a number of his writings Rakić shows that the essence of Kant's understanding of the concept of justice in international relations is to be found in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason, a book that has mostly escaped the attention of scholars dealing with this aspect of Kant's thought. A New Ethical Theory

In his latest books, both published by Springer in 2021 (How to Enhance Morality and The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality) Rakić reviews existing (bio)ethical theories and proposes an original ethical theory (the theory of "Ultimate Morality"), showing the superiority of this theory and asserting that this will become the dominant ethical theory of our time. Bioethics

During the previous years Rakić has been devoted to bioethics, developing the concept of voluntary moral bioenhancement, a recent field of interest of scientists dealing with human enhancement. Rakić favors moral enhancement, even with the help of medicines and other substances (e.g., oxytocin, some SSRIs, dopamine, propranalol), but only under the condition that their use is voluntary. Rakić has polemicized on the one hand with John Harris (who believes that cognitive bio-enhancement is sufficient for our moral improvement) and, on the other hand, with Julian Savulescu and Ingmar Persson (who used to defend the idea of making moral bio-enhancement compulsory). These two authors and <mask> have polemicized with each other during 2013 in the Journal of Medical Ethics.<mask> opened the debate in February 2013 and Persson and Savulescu responded in March. During 2014 <mask>, Robert Sparrow and Harris Wiseman polemicized in the American Journal of Bioethics on the same problem, as well as on other issues related to enhancement. In 2012, <mask> founded the Center for the Study of Bioethics, a research institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. CSB has internal and associate members. They include Peter Singer, John Harris, Don Marquis, Nicholas Agar, Ingmar Persson, James J. Hughes and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner. In May 2013 CSB attracted widespread attention by organizing a conference in Belgrade at which John Harris and Julian Savulescu confronted their differing positions on human enhancement and freedom. Their debate continued for several days in Belgrade, not only at the conference (with Peter Singer as a discussant of their positions), but also in front of TV cameras.The Oxford Centre for Neuroethics co-organized the congress. In October 2015, CSB organized another highly acclaimed bioethics conference in Belgrade, this time in collaboration with The Hastings Center. The keynote speakers were John Harris and Erik Parens. Reports on the event have appeared in dozens of media. On 16–19 August 2017, CSB organized, in cooperation with the European Society for the Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care, the 31st ESPMH Annual Meeting "New Technologies in Health Care". On 20–21 August 2017, CSB partnered with the Division of Medical Ethics in NYU School of Medicine's Department of Population Health and The Hastings Center, in order to organize the international conference "Genome editing: biomedical and ethical perspectives". This event gathered an international group of ethics experts in order to discuss genome editing in humans and other living beings.The conference keynote speech included one that was delivered by Arthur Caplan. The conference was opened by the Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabic. <mask> is also a Research Professor at the Institute for Social Sciences, Head of the European Division of the UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Head of the Serbian Unit of the UNESCO Chair in Bioethics and Chair of the Cambridge Working Group for Bioethics Education in Serbia. Social role

<mask>'s role has not been limited to science and academia. In 2002, he became a special adviser of the United Nations to the Government of Serbia. During his work as a government adviser Rakic worked closely with Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic, who was assassinated in 2003 by rogue elements of the Serbian secret police that were still loyal to ousted President Slobodan Milosevic. Before his commitments in the United Nations and the Government of Serbia, <mask> was a senior research fellow at the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS) of Twente University in the Netherlands.<mask> <mask> spent much of his life in the Netherlands, the United States, the Czech Republic and Italy. Currently he is a university professor in Belgrade. From the beginning of 2020, he criticized the President and Government of Serbia for adopting autocratic policies under the pretext of anti-COVID-19 measures, for counterfeiting data about the number of deceased COVID-19 patients, and for organizing undemocratic and unfair elections that were boycotted by the opposition. This resulted in a smear campaign against <mask> by Government controlled media in Serbia (primarily tabloids), as well as by Aleksandar Vučić, the President of Serbia, personally. This smear campaign came abruptly to an end as dozens of the world`s most famous philosophers, ethicists and scientists (including Peter Singer, Arthur Caplan, John Harris, and Julian Savulescu) signed a letter of support for <mask> <mask> that they sent to the political leaders in the United States and in the European Union and in which they asked them to nudge Vučić into stopping his smear campaign and to publicly apologize to <mask>. In August 2020, Rakić was appointed as advisor to Democratic Party President Zoran Lutovac. In October 2020, <mask> founded New 6 October, an association aimed at the promotion of liberal democratic values in Serbia.Selected articles
 <mask>, V. (2021). “Enhancing Fabiano`s Theory of Moral Enhancement”. American Journal of Bioethics – Neuroscience 12 (2-3):  108-110
  <mask>, V. (2020). “Prostitutes, Sex Surrogates and Sugar Babies”. Sexuality and Culture. Online first: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-020-09702-y
 <mask> Vojin, Deborah Mascalzoni, Heidi Beate Bentzen, Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne, Lee Andrew Bygrave, Jessica Bell, Edward S. Dove, Christian Fuchsberger, Kristian Hveem, Michaela Th. Mayrhofer, Viviana Meraviglia, David R. O'Brien, Cristian Pattaro, Peter P. Pramstaller, Alessandra Rossini, Mahsa Shabani, Dan Jerker B. Svantesson,  Marta Tomasi, Lars Ursin, Matthias Wijst, Jane Kaye.(2019). “Are Requirements to Deposit Data in Research Repositories Compatible With the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation?” Annals of Internal Medicine 170(5):332-334
 <mask>, V., Caplan, A, (2019). ‘’Introduction: The Ethical Frontiers of Gene editing’’. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28(1): 4-7
 <mask>, V.(2019).’' Genome Editing for Involuntary Moral Enhancement’’. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28(1): 46-54
<mask> Vojin, Oliver Feeney, Gabriele Werner‐Felmayer, Helena Siipi, Markus Frischhut , Silvia Zullo, Ursela Barteczko, Lars Øystein Ursin, Shai Linn, Heike Felzmann, Dušanka Krajnović, John Saunders. (2019). “European Electronic Personal Health Records initiatives and vulnerable migrants: A need for greater ethical, legal and social safeguards”.Developing World Bioethics
 <mask>, <mask>. (2018). “Incentivized Goodness”. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21(3): 303-309. <mask>, V, Wiseman, H.(2018). "Different Games of Moral Bioenhancement". Bioethics 32(2): 103-110
 <mask>, Vojin.(2018). “Disaster Consequentialims.” In: Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories, eds. Bert Gordijn, Donal O`Mathuna and Vilius Dranseika. Dordrecht: Springer. <mask>, V., Bizić, R., Jeftović, M., Pušica, S., Stojanović, B., Duišin, D., Vujović, S., Đorđević, M. (2018). "Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment". BioMed Research International.<mask>, <mask> and John Harris. (2017). "Enhancement and Goodness". Guest editor of Special Issue of the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics: 26(3). <mask>, V. (2017). "Moral Bioenhancement and Free Will: Continuing the Debate". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 26(3):384-93
<mask>, V. (2017)."Enhancements: How and Why to Become Better, How and Why to Become Good". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 26(3):358-63
<mask>, V. (2017). "Compulsory Administration of Oxytocin Does Not Result in Genuine Moral Enhancement". Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20(3): 291–97
<mask>, V. and Ćirković M. (2016). "Confronting Existential Risks with Voluntary Moral Enhancement". Journal of Evolution and Technology 26(2):48–59
Sterckx S, <mask> V, Cockbain J, Borry P. (2016). “'You hoped we would sleep walk into accepting the collection of our data' controversies surrounding the UK care.data scheme and their wider relevance for biomedical research".Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 19(2):177-90. <mask>, V. (2015). "We Must Create Beings with Moral standing Superior to Our Own". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 24(1):58–65
<mask>, V and Hughes J. (2015). "Reflections on Moral Enhancement: Can We? Should We?".Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 24(1):3–6
<mask>, V. (2014). "Voluntary Moral Bioenhancement Is a Solution to Sparrow's Concerns". American Journal of Bioethics 14(4): 37–38
<mask>, V. (2014). "We Can Make Room for SSRIs". American Journal of Bioethics: Neuroscience 5(3): 34–35
<mask>, V. (2014). "Voluntary moral enhancement and the survival-at-any-cost bias". Journal of Medical Ethics 40(4): 246–250.<mask>, V. (2013). "Philosophy for Public Good". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 22(3): 271–276. <mask>, V. (2013). "Kant's Semantics of World (State) Making". In: Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty, eds Nicolas Lemay-Hebert, Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, <mask> Rakic and Petar Bojanic. London: Routledge.<mask>, V. (2013). "Introduction: Disputing Weberian Semantics" (co-author with Nicolas Lemay-Hebert and Nicholas Onuf). In: Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty, eds Nicolas Lemay-Hebert, Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, <mask> Rakic and Petar Bojanic. London: Routledge. Rakic, V. (2012). "The Moral Identity of Europe: From Warfare and Civil Strife to 'In Varietate Concordia'". International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 25 (2): 249–261.Rakic, V. (2012). "From Cognitive to Moral Enhancement: A Possible Reconciliation of Religious Outlooks and the Biotechnological Creation of a Better Human". Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 11 (31): 113–128. <mask>, V. (2012). "Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Political Aspects". In: Bioethik ‒ Medizin ‒ Politik / Bioethics ‒ Medicine ‒ Poltitics, ed. Walter Schweidler, pp.121–26. Eichstatt: Sankt Augustin. <mask>, V. (2003). "The Issue of Human Resources in the Project 'Strengthening Central Support Functions in Serbian Ministries'". South East Europe Review, 2003. (01+02), pp. 179–186.<mask>, V. (2002). "Regional Implications of a Transition: The Case of Serbia". In: Southeast European Security: Threats, Responses, Challenges, ed. Albreacht Schnabel. Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers. <mask>, V. (1998). "Theories of Nation Formation and Case Selection: The Meaning of an Alternative Model".Nationalities Papers 26 (4): 599–614

Selected Books
<mask>, V.(2021), How To Enhance Morality. Dordrecht, NL: Springer. <mask>, V. (2021). The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality. Dordrecht, NL: Springer
<mask>, V. (2019). „Genome Editing: Biomedical and Ethical Perspectives“. 2019.Guest editor (with Arthur Caplan) of the Special Issue of  the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics: 28(1). <mask>, V. (2013). Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty (co-editor with Nicolas Lemay-Hebert and Nicholas Greenwood Onuf and Petar Bojanić). London: Routledge. <mask>, V. (2010). A Theory of the Normative Will. Belgrade: Faculty of Economics and Political Science.<mask>, V. (2004). History and Future of Justice. Belgrade: Faculty of Organizational Sciences and VVMZ. <mask>, V. (2003). Hegemony, Culture and Human Resources in Politics. Belgrade: United Nations Development Program and the Faculty of Organizational Sciences. <mask>, V. (2006).Liberalizovanje Srbije: Politička elita koje nema i socijalna psihologija autodestrukcije. Beograd: Centar za razvoj liberalizma i Fakultet za menadžment. Rakić, V. (2004). Kraj istorije i liberalizacija srpske ideje. Beograd: Fakultet za menadžment. External links
The Center for the Study of Bioethics. References

1967 births
21st-century Serbian philosophers
Political philosophers
Serbian political philosophers
Ethics
Kantian philosophers
Living people
Yugoslav philosophers

masks:
Vojin B
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Vojin
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić
Rakić