title: Max Allan Collins

texts:
<mask> (born March 3, 1948) is an American mystery writer, noted for his graphic novels. His work has been published in several formats and his Road to Perdition series was the basis for a film of the same name. He wrote the Dick Tracy newspaper strip for many years and has produced numerous novels featuring the character as well. Biography

Writing career
<mask> has written novels, screenplays, comic books, comic strips, trading cards, short stories, movie novelizations and historical fiction. He wrote the graphic novel Road to Perdition (which was developed into a film in 2002), created the comic book private eye Ms. Tree, and took over writing the Dick Tracy comic strip from creator Chester Gould. <mask> briefly wrote the Batman comic book in 1987 and crafted a new origin for the Jason Todd character. <mask> and artist Terry Beatty created Wild Dog at DC that same year in a self-titled limited series.The character later appeared as a feature in the Action Comics Weekly anthology. As of 2016, Wild Dog became a recurring character in the Arrow television series and is portrayed by actor Rick Gonzalez. Another <mask> contribution to the Batman franchise was scripting the English-language translation of Batman: Child of Dreams in 2003. He wrote books to expand on the Dark Angel TV series. He has written books and comics based on the TV series franchise CSI. In 2006 he wrote Buried Deep (also released as "Bones Buried Deep"), based on the TV series Bones. He has written two sequel novels to Road to Perdition: Road to Purgatory and Road to Paradise.He wrote three more graphic novels starring the characters from Road to Perdition. These graphic novels, called collectively On the Road to Perdition, form the basis of the film. He co-founded the International Association of Media Tie-in Writers with Lee Goldberg. The IAMTW is an organization for writers of tie-ins and novelizations. <mask> studied in the Iowa Writers' Workshop at the University of Iowa. <mask> is a fan of the mystery writer Mickey Spillane from childhood and later became friends with him. The two collaborated on a comic book series in the 1990s called Mike Danger.Upon Spillane's death in 2006, <mask> was entrusted to finish several uncompleted works by Spillane including Dead Street, The Goliath Bone, and The Big Bang. In 2021, he and Canadian actor/writer Dave Thomas teamed to write the sci-fi mystery novel, The Many Lives of Jimmy Leighton. Movies and music
In addition to his work as a writer, <mask> has written and directed four movies: Mommy, Mommy 2: Mommy's Day, Real Time: Siege at Lucas Street Market, and Eliot Ness: An Untouchable Life (based on his Edgar Award–nominated play). All four were produced independently on location in <mask>' hometown of Muscatine, Iowa. The first three are available on DVD — separately or in the Black Box set — from Troma Team Video, and the Ness film is distributed by VCI Entertainment. The DVD release of 'Real Time: Siege at Lucas Street Market' being notable for being one of the first films to take advantage of the multi-angle feature on DVD players, thus giving viewers the opportunity to watch the story unfold from different viewpoints. <mask> has written and performed music with his rock band, Crusin'.Political views
<mask> is a Democrat, describing his political views thus: "I think of myself as slightly left of center, but my father thought of himself as slightly right of center, when he was slightly right of Genghis Khan. So who knows? I do know that I veer left when the right is getting out of hand, which they frequently do." Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Barbara, have a son, Nathan. Awards
<mask> received an Inkpot Award in 1982. He won the Shamus Award in 1984 and 1992. Selected bibliography

Quarry series
This series features a former U.S. Marine sniper turned professional assassin after returning from the Vietnam War in 1973.Quarry (a.k.a. The Broker) (1976, reissued 2015)
Quarry's List (a.k.a. The Broker's Wife) (1976, reissued 2015)
Quarry's Deal (a.k.a. The Dealer) (1976, reissued 2016)
Quarry's Cut (a.k.a. The Slasher) (1977, reissued 2016)
Quarry's Vote (a.k.a. Primary Target) (1987, reissued 2016)
Quarry's Greatest Hits (contains 'Primary Target' and a short story) (2003)
The Last Quarry (2006)
The First Quarry (2008)
Quarry In The Middle (2009)
Quarry's Ex (2010)
The Wrong Quarry (2014)
Quarry's Choice (2015)
Quarry In The Black (2016)
Quarry's Climax (2017)
Killing Quarry (2019)
Quarry's Blood (2022)

Cinemax has created a TV adaptation of Quarry. Written by Michael D. Fuller and Graham Gordy based loosely on the book series, the project centers on a Marine marksman who, upon returning home from Vietnam in 1972, finds himself shunned by those he loves and demonized by the public.The disillusioned vet is quickly recruited into a network of contract killers and corruption spanning the Mississippi River. The show was cancelled in May 2017. Nolan series
This series features a professional thief, similar to and apparently inspired by Richard Stark's "Parker" character, who operates in the Midwest. Bait Money (1981)
Blood Money (1981)
Fly Paper (1981)
Hush Money (1981)
Hard Cash (1981)
Scratch Fever (1982)
Spree (1987)
Mourn the Living (1999) <mask>'s first written novel, but not published until 1999)
Two for the Money (omnibus reprint of the first two books Bait Money and Blood Money) (2004)
Skim Deep (2020)
Double Down (omnibus reprint of the third and fourth books Fly Paper and Hush Money) (2021)
Tough Tender (omnibus reprint of the fifth and sixth books Hard Cash and Scratch Fever) (2022)
Mad Money (omnibus reprint of the seventh and eighth books Spree and Mourn the Living) (2023)

Mallory series
The Mallory series is about a mystery writer in Iowa who solves crimes. The Baby Blue Rip-Off (1983)
No Cure for Death (1983)
Kill Your Darlings (1984)
A Shroud for Aquarius (1985)
Nice Weekend for a Murder (1986)

Nathan Heller series
<mask>' longest running series and arguably his best known work is his Nathan Heller series. Heller is a Chicago private investigator who gets involved in famous crimes and meets famous people of the 1930s and 1940s, including Orson Welles, Frank Nitti, and Sally Rand. The first novel in this historical fiction series, True Detective, won the 1984 Shamus Award for Best P.I.Hardcover from the Private Eye Writers of America. <mask> won his second Shamus in 1992 for the Heller novel Stolen Away, an account of the Lindbergh kidnapping. His 1999 novel Flying Blind sees Heller investigate the disappearance of Amelia Earhart, along the way becoming romantically involved with her. With the release of Chicago Confidential, <mask> moved the action into the 1950s. Target Lancer, about an alleged attempt to assassinate John F. Kennedy in Chicago just weeks before the actual assassination in Dallas, was published in November 2012. True Detective (November 1983)
True Crime (December 1984)
The Million-Dollar Wound (February 1986)
Neon Mirage (February 1988)
Stolen Away (May 1991)
Dying in the Post-War World (October 1991) – Novella
Carnal Hours (April 1994) (about Harry Oakes' murder)
Blood and Thunder (August 1995) (about Huey Long's assassination)
Damned in Paradise (October 1996)
Flying Blind (August 1998)
Majic Man (September 1999)
Angel in Black (March 2001)
Kisses of Death: A Nathan Heller Casebook (Crippen & Landru, June 2001) – Short story collection
Chicago Confidential (June 2002)
Bye Bye, Baby (August 2011)
Chicago Lightning: The Collected Nathan Heller Short Stories (October 2011)
Triple Play: A Nathan Heller Casebook (April 2012) – Includes "Dying in the Post-War World", "Kisses of Death", and "Strike Zone"
Target Lancer (November 2012)
Ask Not (2013)
Better Dead (2016)
Do No Harm (2020)

Eliot Ness series
This series of novels is about real life Untouchable Eliot Ness's career as Director of Public Safety in Cleveland. The Dark City (1987)
Butcher's Dozen (1988)
Bullet Proof (1989)
Murder by the Numbers (1993)
An Eliot Ness Mystery Omnibus (2020) - contains all four novels in one volume

Dick Tracy series

Dick Tracy (May 1990), film novelization
Dick Tracy: The Secret Files (June 1990), Editor (with Martin H. Greenberg), also contains short story Not a Creature Was Stirring
Dick Tracy and the Nightmare Machine with Dick Locher (January 1991) – comic strip collection
Dick Tracy Goes to War (February 1991) – novel
Dick Tracy Meets His Match (February 1992) – novel
Dick Tracy: The Collins Casefiles Volume 1 (October 2003) – comic strip collection
Dick Tracy: The Collins Casefiles Volume 2 (October 2004) – comic strip collection
Dick Tracy: The Collins Casefiles Volume 3 (January 2005)- comic strip collection

Novelizations
In the Line of Fire (1993)
Maverick (1994)
I Love Trouble (1994)
Waterworld (1995)
Air Force One (1997)
U.S.Marshals (1998)
Saving Private Ryan (August, 1998)
The Mummy (May 1999)
U-571 (2000)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
The Scorpion King (2002)
Windtalkers (April, 2002)
I-Spy (October 2002)
The Pink Panther (July 2005)
American Gangster (2007)
The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (July 2008)
The X-Files: I Want to Believe (July 2008)
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009)
G.I. Joe: Above and Beyond (2009)

Road to Perdition series

(*) Note: Road to Perdition: On the Road, is a single-volume collection of On the Road to Perdition Books 1–3. Disaster series
The Titanic Murders (April 1999)
The Hindenburg Murders (June 2000)
The Pearl Harbor Murders (May 2001)
The Lusitania Murders (November 2002)
The London Blitz Murders (May 2004)
The War of the Worlds Murder (July 2005)

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation novels

Note: Mortal Wounds, is a trade paperback omnibus which collects Double Dealer, Sin City, and Cold Burn into a single volume. CSI: Miami novels

Criminal Minds novels

Jack & Maggie Starr series
A mystery series set in and around the American comic book industry during the tail end of the Golden Age of Comic Books
A Killing in Comics (May 2007) – A murder mystery set around a fictionalized version of the Superman ownership dispute
Strip for Murder (May 2008) – A fictionalized version of the Al Capp/Ham Fisher feud and Fisher's suicide
Seduction of the Innocent (June 2013) – A murder mystery set around a fictionalized version of Frederic Wertham's crusade against comic books

J.C. Harrow Series
You Can't Stop Me (2010)
No One Will Hear You(2011)

Other television novels
NYPD Blue: Blue Beginning (1995)
NYPD Blue: Blue Blood (1997)
Dark Angel: Before the Dawn (2002)
Dark Angel: Skin Game (2003)
Dark Angel: After the Dark (2003)
Bones: Buried Deep (2006)

With Mickey Spillane

Dead Street (2007)
The Goliath Bone (2008) - Mike Hammer
The Big Switch - (2009) - Mike Hammer short story
The Big Bang (2010) - Mike Hammer
A Long Time Dead (2010) - Mike Hammer short story
Grave Matter (2010) - Mike Hammer short story in Crimes By Moonlight
Kiss Her Goodbye (2011) - Mike Hammer
The Consummata (2011)
Lady, Go Die! Miscellaneous
Midnight Haul (1986)
Mommy (1997)
Mommy's Day (1998)
Protect and Defend (1992)
Blue Christmas and other Holiday Homicides (2001) - short story collection
Tales of the Slayer (2002) - co-author, short story collection
My Lolita Complex (2006) - short story collection
Deadly Beloved - A Ms. Tree Novel (See Comics Section) (2007)
What Doesn't Kill Her (2013)
Early Crimes (2013)
Supreme Justice (2014)
Fate of the Union (2015)
Murderlized (2020) with Matthew V. Clemens, 11 short stories
Shoot the Moon (and More) (2021) unpublished crime novel (written in 1974) and two short stories
Reincarnal & Other Dark Tales (2021) stort stories
 The Many Lives of Jimmy Leighton (2021) with Dave Thomas

Comics

Aardvark-Vanaheim
 A-V in 3-D #1 (1984)
 Ms. Tree #10–18 (1984–1985)

AiT/Planet Lar
 Johnny Dynamite: Underworld #1 (2003)

Big Entertainment/Tekno Comix
 Mickey Spillane's Mike Danger #1–11 (1995–1996)
 Mickey Spillane's Mike Danger vol. 2 #1–10 (1996–1997)

Dark Horse Comics
 Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor #1 (1995)
 Johnny Dynamite #1–4 (1994)

DC Comics
 Action Comics Weekly #601–609, 615–622, 636–641 (1988–1989)
 Batman #402–403, #408–412, Annual #11 (1986–1987)
 Batman: Child of Dreams (2003)
 Batman: Scar of the Bat #1 (1996)
 Ms. Tree Quarterly #1–8 (1990–1992)
 Ms. Tree Special #9–10 (1992–1993)
 On the Road to Perdition: Detour (2004)
 On the Road to Perdition: Oasis (2003)
 On the Road to Perdition: Sanctuary (2004)
 Road to Perdition (1998)
 Who's Who in the DC Universe #10 (1991)
 Wild Dog #1–4, Special #1 (1987–1989)
 Wild Times: Grifter #1 (1999)

Eclipse Comics
 Eclipse Magazine #1–6 (1981–1982)
 Ms. Tree #4–9 (1983–1984)
 Ms. Tree's Thrilling Detective Adventures #1–3 (1983)

First Comics
 Grimjack #11 (1985)
 P.I.'s: Michael Mauser and Ms. Tree #1–3 (1985)

IDW Publishing
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation #1–5 (2003)
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation - Bad Rap #1–5 (2003)
 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation: Demon House #1–5 (2004)
 CSI: NY - Bloody Murder #1–5 (2005)

Marvel Comics
 Captain America: Red, White & Blue HC (2002)

Renegade Press
 Ms. Tree #19–50 (1985–1989)
 Ms. Tree Summer Special #1 (1986)
 Ms. Tree's 1950's Three–Dimensional Crime #1 (1987)
 Ms. Tree 3-D #1 (1985)

Titan Comics
Quarry's War

References

External links

 The <mask> Allan <mask> Papers are housed at the University of Iowa Special Collections & University Archives. BlogTalkRadio interview with Rodger Nichols (Feb. 2018)

1948 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American comics writers
American male novelists
American mystery writers
Anthony Award winners
Dick Tracy
Inkpot Award winners
Living people
Novelists from Iowa
People from Muscatine, Iowa
Shamus Award winners
University of Iowa alumni
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
21st-century pseudonymous writers

masks:
Max Allan Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Max
Collins


title: Gunnar Graps

type: original

texts:
<mask> (27 November 1951 – 17 May 2004) was a popular Estonian musician and one of the pioneers of hard rock in Estonia and Soviet Union. He has sold hundreds of thousands of records all over the world and in 2004 <mask> was given a lifetime award at Estonian Music Awards. He has been compared to Mick Jagger and Alice Cooper, both who were his own personal idols, and is often called Raudmees (Iron Man). Biography

Start of music career, 1960s
<mask> was born to Latvian conductor, cellist and musical pedagogue <mask> and his Estonian wife Salme in Tallinn. Graps was inspired to turn to music by his father at the age of six when he started to learn cello. In 1964, being only 13, he joined his first band Satelliidid as a guitarist. In spring of 1967 Graps joined Mikronid, where he played drums for the next six years.In 1970–1972 he was in the army and during that period he performed with Ivo Linna. He spent another year behind the drums in Mikronid after his return from military service. In spring 1968 Jüri Lina recorded about ten Mikronid's songs which also included <mask>' creation for his show "Pobifo Revüü". Golden-Age of his music, 1970s
After leaving the group Mikronid Graps created Ornament in 1973, which was one of the pioneers of hard rock in Estonia and the Soviet Union (Estonia was part of the USSR at the time). Ornament's music was influenced by Led Zeppelin and psychedelic rock. In 1976 Graps put together a new outfit called Magnetic Band which was Jazz-rock oriented, with reggae and funk-soul influences. In 1977 Graps graduated from Tallinn Music School, from the percussion instruments department.Soon after that he reformed his group and they started leaning towards hard rock. Soon Magnetic Band became one of the most popular heavy-music bands in the Soviet Union. They won first prize at the first official rock-festival of the Soviet Union which took place in Tbilisi thanks to their hit "Lady Blues" and became the stars of Yerevan-81 international pop-rock-festival. "Garbed in fire-engine red pants and white shirt decorated with a splashy 7-Up emblem, Graps sang: "Since we have nowhere else to make love/we do it out in the open/And sometimes the rain washes away the makeup/from her face—and mine", wrote Time magazine in 1981. At the top, 1980s

His popularity peaked in the 1980s. Magnetic Band constantly toured the Soviet Union. In 1982, Washington Post dedicated a whole page to <mask> <mask> and the Magnetic Band.It was no surprise that in 1983 Magnetic Band got banned by the Soviet authorities, which led to creation of GGG (Gunnar Graps Group). The change also marked a shift towards straightforward hard rock and heavy metal, genres which Magnetic Band were already flirting with (Note: all the musical groups in Soviet Union had to be evaluated before they were allowed to perform or exist at all). New winds began to blow in the Soviet Union as Mikhail Gorbachev took the seat of the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and GGG experienced less resistance from authorities. In 1988 they released their only LP entitled Põlemine (Burning). The vinyl was issued by Melodiya, a Soviet record company – the only one in the whole USSR. Distribution of the record was very high. At the time, GGG consisted of <mask> Graps (drums, percussion, vocals, keyboards), Juri Stihhanov (lead guitar), Andres Aak (now known as Angela Aak, rhythm guitar), Jüri Roosa (bass guitar) and Tiit Altosaar (drums on some songs, as Graps tended to perform most drumming (along with singing) himself).They performed in Estonia and the rest of the Soviet Union and were very popular until their fade in the end of decade. Their most popular songs were "Põlemine" (Burning), "Valgus" (Light), the ballad "Mosaiik" (Mosaic), "Raudmees" (Iron Man) – a song which gave Graps his nickname. As the grip on the Baltic states became less of a strangle-hold, the Singing Revolution began to take shape. In 1987 a choir composed of well-known Estonian singers, <mask> <mask> among them, recorded Alo Mattiisen's song "Ei ole üksi ükski maa", a patriotic song about Estonia. In 1989 <mask> <mask> moved to the United States in the hopes of reaching new heights with his musical career but, alas, failed to reach those previous lofty heights and was compelled to work as a repairman – to "make ends meet". Start of decline, 1990s
After Estonia regained its independence in 1991, <mask> returned to his homeland. In the summer of 1993, he was caught, while working as a DJ at the nightclub on the ferryboat "Estonia", trying to cross the Swedish border with anabolic steroids and was imprisoned for two months in Sweden.He did not complain about his imprisonment; in fact, he praised the jail as being better than restaurants in Estonia. After his release, Graps came back to Estonia. Financial problems arose once more and he was compelled to work at local radio stations and night-clubs as a DJ, playing music he hated. In 1995, Graps released "Tühjad pihud" (Empty Hands) and reformed GGG the next year, performing about once a month. Graps was becoming more and more depressed. Last years
Starting in the 21st century, Graps was still having financial troubles and performed in a series of Hansapank pension fund commercials. The commercials included a word play of "Tühjad pihud" (Empty Hands) record.In 2002, a 3 CD collection of <mask> <mask>' music, from all his tenures with past bands, was released as part of "Eesti kullafond" (Estionian Gold Fund) series. In 2003, <mask> <mask> performed at one of his last big concerts before death. An incarnation of Magnetic Band played in front of approx. 600 people at Green Christmas Festival in Rakvere, Estonia. Despite his health problems, Graps did not want to give up on music and in 2003 he released "Rajalt maas" (Off the Track), which had a strong blues influence. In one of his last interviews Graps promised to go on tour in Russia, because he was disappointed in the local music scene. Three months before his death he was still looking forward to continue his career and in an interview for Sakala, an Estonian newspaper, he promised to release a new album by the end of 2004 and another record in 2005.On 17 May 2004, at the age of 52, <mask> <mask> died of a heart attack at his home on Mooni street in Tallinn. Legacy
<mask> Graps is considered a rock idol by Estonians. Another popular Estonian band Metsatöll has said that Gunnar Graps means the same to Estonian metal as Black Sabbath means to the world. Also, numerous tribute events have spawned, paying homage to the early departed musician. These events are orchestrated by Radio Mania, a local radio station, and Hard Rock Club, local events promoter and take place around Graps' birthday month and death month. A string of local bands usually perform at the event along with incarnations of GGG or Magnetic Band, with people Graps used to play with. <mask> Graps was inducted into the Hall Of Fame of Rock Cafe, a local pub (operated by the owners of Radio Mania, also the place where the tribute events take place), on 17 May 2005.In December 2005, Hard Rock Club started collecting funds to erect a memorial headstone at Graps' grave. A fund-rising concert was held on 5 March 2006 at Rock Cafe in Tallinn. The stone was designed by Graps' son <mask> and placed on his grave at Rahumäe cemetery on 17 May 2006. A cover band – Gunnar's Roses – was also active at some point during 2005–2006, performing at Hard Rock Laager in 2005 (a heavy metal festival created by Hard Rock Club) and at smaller pubs. The band was put together by Henri "Suss" Hinno (drummer of Manatark and Must Missa) who took the role of the drummer. Hinno is known to be a big fan of Graps' work and sang "Mosaiik" live with Gunnar's Roses. In 2011, dramatist Ivar Põllu's play Raudmees.Odysseuse eksirännakud, which focuses of the life of Graps, was performed at the New Tartu Theatre in Tartu. Directed by Robert Annus, the play featured actor Juss Haasma as Graps and a musical score that consisted of many of Graps' most well-known songs. Singing style

<mask> <mask>' singing style was somewhat similar to the style James Hetfield of Metallica used to have, which was essentially trying to sing from the throat to produce a raspier sound. A very busy schedule contributed to the development of his signature rasp. It was not uncommon for Graps to perform even 3 shows per day and 25 days in a month. He was still able to produce very high notes, as is evident from his songs and Jesus Christ Superstar song "Gethsamen", which is included on the <mask> Graps – Eesti kullafond 4. He is known to have trained his voice by yelling at walls; he usually did it before going on stage.Partial discography
Magnetic Band
Magnetic Band, (1978, EP) Issued by soviet record company Melodjia
Roosid papale (Roses for Papa) (1981, LP) Issued by Melodija

GGG
Põlemine (Burning) (1988, LP) Issued by Melodija

Solo
Tühjad pihud (Empty Hands) (1995, CD) Issued by Elwood
Rajalt maas (Off the Track) (2003, CD/MC) Issued by Elwood

Compilation
Gunnar <mask> – Eesti kullafond 4 (2002, 3CD/3MC) TT Rec

References

Further reading
 (in Russian) A. Alexeev, A. Burlaka, A. Sidorov Who's Who in the Soviet rock, M., Ostankino Publishing, 1991

External links

Videos

 , performed at Tartu Levimuusikapäevad in 1987

1951 births
2004 deaths
Estonian rock musicians
People from Tartu
Burials at Rahumäe Cemetery
Estonian people of Latvian descent
20th-century Estonian male singers
Tallinn Georg Ots Music School alumni

masks:
Gunnar Graps Grfs
Graps
Gunnar Graps
Igors Graps
Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Gunnar
Jan Graps
Gunnar
Graps
Gunnar
Graps


title: Francis James Child

texts:
<mask> (February 1, 1825 – September 11, 1896) was an American scholar, educator, and folklorist, best known today for his collection of English and Scottish ballads now known as the Child Ballads. <mask> was Boylston professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard University, where he produced influential editions of English poetry. In 1876 he was named Harvard's first Professor of English, a position which allowed him to focus on academic research. It was during this time that he began work on the Child Ballads. The Child Ballads were published in five volumes between 1882 and 1898. While <mask> was primarily a literary scholar with little interest in the music of the ballads, his work became a major contribution to the study of English-language folk music. Biography
<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts.His lifelong friend, scholar and social reformer Charles Eliot Norton, described <mask>'s father, a sailmaker, as "one of that class of intelligent and independent mechanics [i.e., skilled craftsmen], which has had a large share of developing the character of our democratic community, as of old the same class had in Athens or in Florence." The family was poor, but thanks to the city of Boston's system of free public schools, the boy was educated at the Boston's grammar schools and The English High School. There his brilliance came to the attention of the principal of the Boston Latin School, Epes Sargent Dixwell, who saw to it that the promising youngster was furnished with a scholarship to attend Harvard University. At Harvard, "Frank" (nicknamed "Stubby" on account of his short stature) excelled in all classes and also read widely outside his studies for his own pleasure. Although shy and diffident on account of his working-class origins, he was soon recognized as "the best writer, best speaker, best mathematician, the most accomplished person in knowledge of general literature", and he became extremely popular with his classmates. He was graduated in 1846, topping his class in all subjects and was chosen Class Orator by his graduating class (of sixty), who received his valedictory speech with "tumultuous applause". Upon graduation <mask> was appointed tutor in mathematics at Harvard and in 1848 was transferred to a tutorship in history, political economy, and English literature.In 1848, <mask> published a critically annotated edition (the first of the kind to be produced in America) of Four Old Plays of the early English Renaissance. Though there were no graduate schools in America at the time, a loan from a benefactor, Jonathan I. Bowditch, to whom the book was dedicated, enabled <mask> to take a leave of absence from his teaching duties to pursue his studies in Germany. There <mask> studied English drama and Germanic philology at the University of Göttingen, which conferred on him an honorary doctorate, and at Humboldt University, Berlin, where he heard lectures by the linguists Grimm and was much influenced by them. In 1851, at the age of 26, <mask> succeeded Edward T. Channing as Harvard's Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, a position he held until Adams Sherman Hill was appointed to the professorship in 1876. Harvard had at that time an enrollment of 382 undergraduates and a faculty of 14, including the president of the University, who was then <mask>. As a mathematician, wrote folklore scholar David E. Bynum, <mask> came to his interest "in what he variously called 'popular', 'primitive', or 'traditional' balladry'" (that is, in oral literature, then deemed "primitive" because its stylistic features antedate the invention of writing) not by accident "but by force of logic":
<mask> well understood how indispensable good writing and good speaking are to civilization, or as many would now prefer to say, to society. For him, writing and speaking were not only the practical means by which men share useful information, but also the means whereby they formulate and share values, including the higher order of values that give meaning to life and purpose to human activities of all sorts.Concerned as he thus so greatly was with rhetoric, oratory, and the motives of those mental disciplines, <mask> was inevitably drawn into pondering the essential differences between speech and writing, and to searching for the origins of thoughtful expression in English. During the twenty-five years <mask> was Professor of Rhetoric at Harvard he undertook general editorial supervision of the publication of a 130-volume collection of the works of the British poets, many not previously generally available to the reading public, which began appearing 1853. The volumes on the works of Edmund Spenser (five volumes, Boston, 1855) and the English and Scottish Ballads (in eight small volumes, Boston, 1857–1858), <mask> edited himself. <mask> planned a critical edition of the works of Chaucer, as well. He soon realized that this could not be done, however, since only one early (and faulty) text was available. He therefore wrote a treatise, blandly titled "Observations on the Language of Chaucer", published in the Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1863), intended to make such an edition possible. <mask>'s linguistic researches are largely responsible for how Chaucerian grammar, pronunciation, and scansion are now generally understood.<mask>'s largest undertaking, however, grew out of the original English and Scottish Ballads volume in his British Poets series. The material for this volume was mostly derived from texts in previously published books. In compiling this work he realized that the folio manuscript of Percy's Reliques, from which most of these texts were drawn, was not available for public inspection, and he set about to remedy this situation. In the 1860s he campaigned energetically for public support to enable the Early English Text Society, founded by philologist <mask> Furnivall, to obtain a copy of Percy's Folio and publish it, which they did in 1868. <mask> and Furnivall then went on to found The Ballad Society, with a view to publishing other important early ballad collections, such as that of Samuel Pepys. In 1876, University of California President Daniel Coit Gilman offered <mask> a research professorship at the newly established Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, which Gilman was in the process of organizing. Johns Hopkins was the first American university conceived on the German research model initiated by Wilhelm von Humboldt and divided into departments representing "the branches of knowledge", with elective subjects and a graduate school dedicated to advanced studies.In order to retain him, Harvard's president Charles William Eliot created the title of "Professor of English" especially for <mask>, freeing him from supervising oral recitations and correcting composition papers so that he could have more time for research. Thereafter, <mask> devoted himself to the comparative study of British vernacular ballads, using methods adopted from historical comparative philology to arrive at the earliest attested versions. <mask> considered that folk ballads came from a more democratic time in the past when society was not so rigidly segregated into classes, and the "true voice" of the people could therefore be heard. He conceived "the people" as comprising all the classes of society, rich, middle, and poor, and not only those engaged in manual labor as Marxists sometimes use the word. Although <mask> concentrated his collections on manuscript texts with a view to determining their chronology, he also gave a sedulous but conservative hearing to popular versions still surviving. <mask> carried his investigations into the ballads of languages other than English, engaging in extensive international correspondence on the subject with colleagues abroad, primarily with the Danish literary historian and ethnographer Svend Grundtvig, whose monumental twelve-volume compilation of Danish ballads, Danmarks gamle Folkeviser, vols. 1–12 (Copenhagen, 1853), was the model for <mask>'s resulting canonical five-volume edition of some 305 English and Scottish ballads and their numerous variants.Since the ballads were known to have been a pan-European, Turkish, and North African phenomenon, <mask> and Grundtvig also consulted with numerous scholars in other parts of the world, such as, for example, the Sicilian physician, folklorist, and ethnographer Giuseppe Pitrè. Professor <mask> served two terms as president, in 1888 and 1889, of the American Folklore Society, which was founded with the mission of collecting and preserving African-American and Native American folklore equally that of European derivation. Worked and overworked to the last, he died in Boston after completing his task – apart from a planned general introduction and bibliography. A biographical introduction was prefixed to the work by his student, and successor, George Lyman Kittredge. <mask> added to the Harvard University Library one of the largest folklore collections in existence. Kittredge succeeded him as Professor of English literature and modern languages at Harvard and considered himself the custodian of <mask>'s scholarly legacy. Kittredge was president of the American Folklore Society in 1904.All the earlier, printed sources known to <mask>, ('The Child Ballads'), are subsumed, and progressed upon in number and research by Steve Roud, in the Roud Folk Song Index. He is buried in the cemetery in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in the "Sedgwick Pie", since (like his good friend Charles Eliot Norton), he had married into the Sedgwick family. (<mask>'s grave is not far from that of Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett), the first enslaved African American to sue for her freedom in the courts based on the law of the 1780 constitution of the state of Massachusetts, which held that "all men are born free and equal." The jury agreed and in 1781 she won her freedom. Her lawyer had been Theodore Sedgwick.) The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
Child's monumental final collection was published as The English and Scottish Popular Ballads in 1882–1898, at first in ten parts (the tenth, posthumously) and then in five quarto volumes, and for a long time was the authoritative treasury of their subject. The "English" and "Scottish" of the title notwithstanding, it was an international piece of research, with references that include thirty different language sources.A commemorative article in the 2006 edition of the Harvard Magazine states:<mask>'s enthusiasm and erudition shine throughout his systematic attempt to set the British ballad tradition in context with others, whether Danish, Serbian, or Turkish. He made no attempt to conceal or apologize for the sexuality, theatrical violence, and ill-concealed paganism of many ballads, but it is characteristic of the man that in his introduction to "Hugh of Lincoln," an ancient work about the purported murder of a Christian child by a Jew, he wrote, "And these pretended child-murders, with their horrible consequences, are only a part of the persecution which, with all moderation, may be rubricated as the most disgraceful chapter in the history of the human race." Since <mask> did not live to complete the planned introduction to his work which was to have explained his methodology, it has sometimes been alleged his selection was arbitrary and based purely on personal taste. The most recent edition of the ballads, however, published in 2002, now includes <mask>'s rediscovered essay, "Ballad Poetry," which he had published anonymously in 1874. Reviewing the new edition, Ian Olson notes that the rediscovered essay:gives considerable insight into <mask>'s thinking after he had published his "first go" of English and Scottish Ballads in 1857-59 and was in the process of researching and reconsidering his last great work. It may not be <mask>'s "final statement" that we all wish he had lived to make, but it comes close in many ways, and nicely complements the original Introduction to 1880s English and Scottish Popular Ballads made by <mask>'s successor, George Lyman Kittredge (retained in this volume). Owing to the indelicate nature of their theme, certain traditional ballads such as The Crabfish were deliberately excluded from this work.For a listing of all the Child ballad types, and links to more information on each individual type, see List of the Child Ballads. See also
Il Pesceballo

Notes

References

Atkinson, David. "The English Revival Canon: Child Ballads and the Invention of Tradition". The Journal of American Folklore: 114: 453 (Summer, 2001): 370-80. _ The English Traditional Ballad: Theory, Method, and Practice. Aldershot, UK and Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate, 2002. Brown, Mary Ellen.<mask>'s Unfinished Masterpiece: The English and Scottish Popular Ballads. University of Illinois Press, 2011. _. "<mask>'s Gallant Army of Auxiliaries". Journal of Folklore Research 43: 2 (May–August 2006): 89-108. Cheeseman, Tom, and Sigrid Rieuwerts, editors. Ballads into Books: The Legacies of <mask> <mask>.Selected Papers from the 26th International Ballad Conference (SIEF Ballad Commission), Swansea, Wales, 19–24 July 1996. Berlin (etc. ): Peter Lang Verlagsgruppe, (Second Revised Edition) 1999. Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. University of Chicago Press, 1987. Rieuwerts, Sigrid."'The Genuine Ballads of the People': F. J. <mask> and the Ballad Cause". Journal of Folklore Research, 31: 1-3 (1994): 1-34. Rudy, Jill Terry. "Considering Rhetoric's Wayward Child: Ballad Scholarship and Intradisciplinary Conflict." Journal of Folklore Research: 35: 2 (May 1998): 85–98. _."Transforming Audiences for Oral Tradition: <mask>, Kittredge, Thompson, and Connections of Folklore and English Studies." College English: 66: 5 (May 2004). External links

Biography of <mask> <mask> at The Contemplator
Burgess, John. "<mask> <mask>: Brief Life of a Victorian Enthusiast: 1825-1896". Harvard Magazine, May-June, 2006.Olson, Ian. Review of Mark and Laura Heiman's Corrected Second Edition of <mask> <mask>'s English and Scottish Popular Ballads, volume 1, in Musical Traditions internet magazine, May 14, 2002. "<mask> <mask>" entry 43 in The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes (1907–21).Volume XVIII. Later National Literature, Part III, XXV. Scholars, no. 43. "<mask> <mask>". Project Gutenberg free e-texts of The English and Scottish Ballads'' are available in several formats: Volume 1; Volume 2; Volume 3; Volume 4. [Other volumes in preparation.]American folklorists
American folk-song collectors
American educational theorists
Harvard University faculty
1825 births
1896 deaths
Harvard University alumni
English High School of Boston alumni
Sedgwick family
Presidents of the American Folklore Society

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title: Valeriya

texts:
<mask> () is a stage name of Alla Yurievna Perfilova (, born April 17, 1968 in Atkarsk), a Russian singer and fashion model, <mask>, who is a recipient of the titles People's Artist of Russia (2013) and People's Artist of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (2016), has also won numerous prestigious awards, including Golden Gramophone (thirteen), Pesnya goda (thirteen), Muz-TV (four: Best Performer in 2004, 2010 and 2015, Best Video, 2014), and MTV Russia Music Awards (two, Best Performer, 2004, Best Song, 2005). She has been a member of the Council for Culture and Art under the President of the Russian Federation since 2012. Biography
<mask> was born on April 17, 1968 in a small town of Atkarsk in the Saratov Oblast, into a family of classically trained musicians. She studied piano at the only musical school in the town where her father Yuri Ivanovich was a director and her mother Galina Nikolaevna was a teacher. Since her early childhood <mask> knew that she wanted to be a singer. Career
In 1985 <mask> enrolled in the Gnessin State Musical College in Moscow which she graduated 1990. Among her teachers there were professor Iosif Kobzon and Gelena Velikanova.In 1989 <mask> recorded two albums. Her first English-language disc, The Taiga Symphony came out in 1991 via Shulgin Records. Pobud' so mnoi (Stay with me), a collection of traditional Russian romances, was released by Lad Records a year later. In 1992 she won the first prize in a national TV contest Morning Star. Also that year she won the international contest Bratislavskaya Lira and received an Audience Choice Award at Yurmala-92. In December 1995 she released the single "Moya Moskva" (My Moscow), followed a year later by the full-length, Anna. The album, all songs of which had been written by her then husband and manager Alexandr Shulgin, provided a breakthrough for the singer.Later that year she started teaching at the Gnesin Academy of Music herself. In 1997 <mask> released the album Familia. Chast 1 (Family name. Part 1), followed by Glaza Tsveta Neba (Eyes the Colour of Heaven, 2001) but the conflict with Shulgin led to her unexpected retirement from the stage. In April, 2003 the contract between the singer and her manager was legally terminated. The same month she signed a contract with Iosif Prigozhin and his company NOX Music. On 8 October 2003 she released the album Strana Lyubvi (Loveland), which sold better than all her previous albums put together.In 2004 <mask> received the Best Female Artiste awards from the two main national music channels, Muz-TV and MTV Russia. Among her accolades are numerous Golden Grammophone and an MTV RMA awards. In 2005 <mask> was awarded the Honoured Artiste of Russia title and ranked 9th in the Forbes magazine list of 50 most highly paid people in movie, sport, literature and music industry. At that time she founded De Leri, the jewelry and perfume lines of her own. Her 2006 autobiography Life, Tears and Love for the first time revealed the shocking details of her marriage with Shulgin. In April 2006 <mask> released the album Nezhnost moya (My Tenderness) which was followed by an international tour which was concluded with a  sold-out show at the Olimpisky Stadium in November. <mask>'s 2007 album Out Of Control (recorded in two versions, English and Russian) featured collaborations with several well-known producers and musicians, including Ray St. John, David Richards and Chantal Kreviazuk.One of the tracks, a cover version of the Bee Gees's "Stayin' Alive" was recorded with Robin Gibb. <mask> was a member of a jury in the Russian version of the TV show X-Factor and has been invited as a judge to the International contest for young performers New Wave in Jurmala. In January 2009 <mask> took part in Midem 2009 Rusia! Time for Partnership! day, co-organized with trade publication Billboard Russian Federation. She gave a show at The Midem Opening Night Party Russia at "Palais des Festivales" in Cannes. In March 2009 <mask> was invited to join as a special guest Simply Red's "The Greatest Hits" Tour in the UK.She also took part in the Russian National Final for Eurovision 2009 with the song "Back to Love" and later finished second behind "Mamo" by Anastasia Prikhodko. In 2010, <mask> joined forces with Avon as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices, Avon's first ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women. Valeria's 2013 studio album Po serpantinu featured four duets (with Valery Meladze, Nikolai Baskov, Alexander Buynov and, notably, Goran Bregovich, one of her all-time favourite artists). Most of the reviews, though, centered on the Russian chanson-tinged title track and "I Will Be Waiting for You", the latter included into the comedy Polar Flight soundtrack. It was followed by the Best Of compilation Eto vremya lyubvi (This Is the Time of Love), which included "Ty moya" (You Are Mine), the duet with her daughter Anna Shulgina. <mask>'s 2016 studio album Okeany served well to "prove the singer's intention to remain a 'a healthy man's perfect female singer'," but her "'formula of happiness' here is here being pronounced with the strictness of a harsh pedagogue," according to critic Alexey Mazhayev. The material for her 2017 studio album K solntsu (Towards the Sun) has been provided by the team of young, unknown songwriters, including Cyrill Yermakov from Belarus, "but if the idea was to bring in the feeling of freshness, it succeeded only in fragments," according to Mazhayev.Highly successful though proved to be the singles "Minor Infarctions" and "The Heart Is Broken". The video for the latter gathered 112 million views on the YouTube in the first week. Activism
In 2008 <mask> became a goodwill envoy for the Russian Federation on behalf of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), an agency she has teamed up with for the past year to combat human trafficking. <mask>'s anti-trafficking clips has appeared on Russian television. Public activities and statements of the singer have triggered and still trigger mixed, at times even strident response in the neighbouring (to Russia) countries. Personal life
<mask> has been married three times. Her first husband was Leonid Yaroshevsky, her second husband was Alexandr Shulgin.She is currently married to Iosif Prigozhin. <mask> has three children: Anna, Artemy and Arseny, whose father is her second husband. Discography

Studio albums
1992 — Pobud' so Mnoi (Stay With Me)
1992 — The Taiga Symphony
1995 — Anna
1997 — Familia. Chast' 1 (Family Name. Part 1)
2000 — Perviy Internet Albom (First Internet Album)
2001 — Glaza Tsveta Neba (Eyes the Colour Of Heaven)
2003 — Strana Lyubvi (Loveland)
2006 — Nezhnost' Moya (My Tenderness)
2008 — Nepodkontrolno (Out Of Control, also the title of this album's English version)
2010 — Vo Mne Moya Lubov' (My Love Inside Me)
2013 — Po serpantinu (Upon the Serpentine)
2016 — Okeany (Oceans)
2017 — K Solntsu (Towards the Sun)

Compilation albums
1999 — Samoye Luchsheye (The Very Best)
2010 — Pesni, Kotorye Vy Polyubili (The Songs You've Come to Love)

Singles

 "The Sky Belongs to Me" 1992
 "Stay With Me" 1992
 "My Moscow" 1995
 "S dobrim Utrom!" ("Good Morning!"

masks: Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya Valeriya


title: Ramesses I

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Menpehtyre <mask> (or Ramses) was the founding pharaoh of ancient Egypt's 19th Dynasty. The dates for his short reign are not completely known but the time-line of late 1292–1290 BC is frequently cited as well as 1295–1294 BC. While <mask> was the founder of the 19th Dynasty, his brief reign mainly serves to mark the transition between the reign of Horemheb, who had stabilized Egypt in the late 18th Dynasty, and the rule of the powerful pharaohs of his own dynasty, in particular his son <mask>, and grandson <mask> II. Origins

Originally called Pa-ra-mes-su, <mask>. His uncle Khaemwaset, an army officer, married Tamwadjesy, the matron of the Harem of Amun, who was a relative of Huy, the viceroy of Kush, an important state post. This shows the high status of Ramesses' family.<mask> <mask> found favor with Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the tumultuous Eighteenth Dynasty, who appointed the former as his vizier. Ramesses also served as the High Priest of Set  – as such, he would have played an important role in the restoration of the old religion following the Amarna heresy of a generation earlier, under Akhenaten. Horemheb himself had been a nobleman from outside the immediate royal family, who rose through the ranks of the Egyptian army to serve as the royal advisor to Tutankhamun and Ay and, ultimately, pharaoh. Since Horemheb had no surviving children, he ultimately chose Ramesses to be his heir in the final years of his reign presumably because <mask> I was both an able administrator and had a son (Seti I) and a grandson (the future <mask> II) to succeed him and thus avoid any succession difficulties. Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a prenomen, or royal name. When transliterated, the name is mn-pḥty-rʿ, which is usually interpreted as Menpehtyre, meaning "Established by the strength of Ra". However, he is better known by his nomen, or personal name.This is transliterated as rʿ-ms-sw, and is usually realised as Ramessu or <mask>, meaning 'Ra bore him'. Already an old man when he was crowned, Ramesses appointed his son, the later pharaoh Seti <mask>, to serve as the Crown Prince and chosen successor. Seti was charged with undertaking several military operations during this time–in particular, an attempt to recoup some of Egypt's lost possessions in Syria. <mask> appears to have taken charge of domestic matters: most memorably, he completed the second pylon at Karnak Temple, begun under Horemheb. Death

<mask> I enjoyed a very brief reign, as evidenced by the general paucity of contemporary monuments mentioning him: the king had little time to build any major buildings in his reign and was hurriedly buried in a small and hastily finished tomb. The Egyptian priest Manetho assigns him a reign of 16 months, but this pharaoh certainly ruled Egypt for a minimum of 17 months based on his highest known date which is a Year 2 II Peret day 20 (Louvre C57) stela which ordered the provision of new endowments of food and priests for the temple of Ptah within the Egyptian fortress of Buhen. Jürgen von Beckerath observes that <mask> I died just 5 months later—in June 1290 BC—since his son Seti I succeeded to power on III Shemu day 24.<mask> <mask>'s only known action was to order the provision of endowments for the aforementioned Nubian temple at Buhen and "the construction of a chapel and a temple (which was to be finished by his son) at Abydos." The aged <mask> was buried in the Valley of the Kings. His tomb, discovered by Giovanni Belzoni in 1817 and designated KV16, is small in size and gives the impression of having been completed with haste. Joyce Tyldesley states that <mask> <mask>'s tomb consisted of a single corridor and one unfinished room whose

Seti <mask>, his son and successor, later built a small chapel with fine reliefs in memory of his deceased father <mask> <mask> at Abydos. In 1911, John Pierpont Morgan donated several exquisite reliefs from this chapel to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Rediscovery and repatriation

A mummy currently believed to be that of <mask> <mask> was stolen from Egypt and displayed in a private Canadian museum for many years before being repatriated. The mummy's identity cannot be conclusively determined, but is most likely to be that of <mask> <mask> based on CT scans, X-rays, skull measurements and radio-carbon dating tests by researchers at Emory University, as well as aesthetic interpretations of family resemblance.Moreover, the mummy's arms were found crossed high across his chest which was a position reserved solely for Egyptian royalty until 600 BC. The mummy had been stolen from the Royal Cache in Deir el-Bahari by the Abu-Rassul family of grave robbers and sold by Turkish vice-consular agent Mustapha Aga Ayat at Luxor to Dr. James Douglas who brought it to North America around 1860. Douglas used to purchase Egyptian antiquities for his friend Sydney Barnett who then placed it in the Niagara Museum and Daredevil Hall of Fame in Niagara Falls Ontario, Canada. The mummy remained there, its identity unknown, next to other curiosities and so-called freaks of nature for more than 130 years. When the owner of the museum decided to sell his property, Canadian businessman William Jamieson purchased the contents of the museum and, with the help of Canadian Egyptologist Gayle Gibson, identified their great value. In 1999, Jamieson sold the Egyptian artifacts in the collection, including the various mummies, to the Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia for US $2 million. The mummy was returned to Egypt on October 24, 2003 with full official honors and is on display at the Luxor Museum.In popular culture
The 1956 motion picture The Ten Commandments, directed by Cecil B. DeMille, depicts <mask> <mask> (portrayed by <mask>) as the pharaoh who orders the elimination of the first-born of every Hebrew slave family in Egypt, leading to the scenario of future prophet Moses being sheltered by Bithiah, who in the film is said to be the daughter of <mask> I and sister of Seti I. However, this is artistic license, for in Exodus 1:15-22, the name of the pharaoh is not given. References

Bibliography

External links
Ramesses I: The search for the Lost Pharaoh

13th-century BC Pharaohs
Pharaohs of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Viziers of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt
Year of birth unknown
1290s BC deaths
Ancient Egyptian mummies
Art and cultural repatriation

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title: Shmuel Herzfeld

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<mask> (born October 9, 1974) is an American Modern Orthodox rabbi. He is the Senior Rabbi of Ohev Sholom - The National Synagogue in Washington, D.C. He is a teacher, lecturer, activist, and author. Early life and education
<mask> is from Staten Island, New York City, New York. He is one of five children. His brother Akiva is also a Rabbi. His eldest brother Baruch is the founder and CEO of ZenoRadio and ZenoLive.He received his smicha from the Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in 1999, and a Masters in Jewish History from Bernard Revel Graduate School of Yeshiva University. He  received a master's degree in Medieval Jewish History from Yeshiva University under the guidance of Dr. Haym Soloveitchik, where he wrote on the topic of Hechlid Be-Miut Simanim. He started a PhD under Soloveitchik but subsequently chose a career in the rabbinate, abandoning his doctorate. From 1999 to 2004, <mask> was Associate Rabbi at the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale, where he was mentored by Rabbi Avi Weiss. Career

Herzfeld served as the assistant rabbi under Rabbi Avi Weiss at the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale from 1999 to 2004 before transferring to Ohev Sholom. From 2008 to 2010, <mask> hosted a weekly radio show called Shmoozin' with Shmuel, which was aimed at Jews in the Washington, DC community, and frequently wrote columns in newspapers. His writings have appeared in many publications, including The New York Times, the New York Sun, The Jewish Week, The Forward, and Washington Jewish Week.He has appeared in the national news, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, NPR, CNN and Fox News. On May 23, 2014, <mask> delivered the opening prayer for the United States House of Representatives as a guest Chaplain. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Shepherd Park eruv, first built in 2004, was merged with the Woodside eruv in 2013, creating the combined Shepherd Park/Woodside Community eruv encompassing over half a dozen synagogues and thousands of Jewish families. In 2004, <mask> began working at Ohev Sholom - The National Synagogue, the oldest continuous Orthodox synagogue operating in Washington, DC, with a vision of taking the spirit of the synagogue out to the community and to welcome all Jews regardless of their prior Jewish background or training. He has increased the synagogue's membership from 75 families to approximately 375 families as of 2015. Ohev Sholom was the first synagogue in the United States to hire a maharat, an ordained female clergy member. Ruth Balinsky Friedman joined the congregation in July 2013.In December 2014 under <mask>'s leadership, the Ohev Sholom Makor Chaim Mikvah opened to the public. The mikvah is a modern, clean, and fully accessible mikvah open to the entire community. In February 2015, <mask> took a leadership role in forming the Beltway Vaad. <mask>'s role is Kashrut Administrator, and continues to play a role in the certification of Soupergirl, along with the DC Vaad and the Star-K of Baltimore. In April 2018, <mask> founded the DC Kosher organization, providing free kashrut supervision to vegan and vegetarian restaurants in the DC area. As of December, 2018, the organization supervises over a dozen restaurants, bakeries, and products. In 2022 <mask> opened a yeshiva.<mask>l's Daf Yomi podcast (5 minute daf) has over 1 million downloads. Activism

<mask> is a Jewish Orthodox activist. He has been vocal on many issues, including Israel activism, Jewish outreach, the threat of anti-Semitism, gay rights, and the plight of the agunah. <mask> is currently the Vice President for Amcha - the coalition for Jewish concerns, a grass-roots coalition which engages in pro-Jewish activism. In 2008, The New York Times published a Herzfeld op-ed piece. This article attracted media attention in NPR, other newspapers, and many blogs. <mask> has been outspoken regarding the problem of the agunah, appearing in a front-page article in The New York Times in January 2011.This article generated a significant amount of media attention and put a spotlight on the agunah crisis within Orthodox Judaism. <mask> has also been vocal regarding antisemitism in Europe, particularly in France. In early January, 2015, after the deadly terrorist attacks at a kosher supermarket in Paris, <mask> published an op-ed in the Washington Post arguing that the U.S. should do whatever it can to welcome European Jews to the United States. <mask> continues to speak out in support of European Jewry, and marched with the French Ambassador at a rally in early 2015. <mask> is a critic of Donald Trump and his presidential campaign. During Trump's speech to the annual AIPAC Conference in 2016, <mask> stood and shouted out: "Do not listen to this man. He is wicked.He inspires racists and bigots." <mask> later wrote: "With every cell in my body I felt the obligation as a rabbi to declare his wickedness to the world." Works
<mask> has written five books:
Fifty-Four Pick Up: Fifteen Minute Inspirational Torah Lessons (2012)
Food for the Spirit: Inspirational Lessons from the Yom Kippur Service: The Orlofsky Edition (2014)
Lieberman Open Orthodox Haggadah (2015), a bestseller on Amazon.com and at the Jerusalem Book Fair.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.gefenpublishing.com/product.asp?productid=1215fact|title = 'Gefen Publishing Site|date=|accessdate=2016-05-06}}</ref> A second printing and Hebrew edition were published in 2016.Renewal: Inspirational Lessons of Rosh Hashana (2015)An Extra Seat (English and Hebrew Editions)'' (2016)

<mask> records and publishes the daily "5 Minute Daf Yomi" podcast, in which he provides a brief overview of the day's page of Talmud. He began recording podcasts in late 2015, and has received over 200,000 downloads since then. In September 2017, Herzfeld debuted the "AlefBlessed" cards, a Jewish high-holiday themed playing card series. As a result of their popularity, these were followed by "AlefBlessed 2" cards in 2018, displaying Jewish heroes throughout history. He has adopted the label "Matzoh Man" for wearing a matzoh suit while driving around in a car with a matzoh design.In late 2018, <mask> began writing a complete Torah by hand, an enormous task which is generally undertaken by professional scribes and not by congregational Rabbis. <mask> completed the Torah in June 2019, which culminated with a parade in NW Washington DC in September, 2019. <mask>'s daughter, Lea, published a yearbook in July 2019, which documented the journey <mask> took with his congregants in writing the Torah. <mask> also recently debuted his graphic novel titled "The Making of a Torah Scroll." Personal life
<mask> currently resides in Washington, DC, with his wife, Dr. Rhanni <mask>, and seven children. References

External links
 Official website
 Ohev Sholom: The National Synagogue

1974 births
Living people
American Orthodox rabbis
Modern Orthodox rabbis
Open Orthodox Jews
Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary semikhah recipients
Yeshiva University alumni
Rabbis from Washington, D.C.
21st-century American Jews

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title: Thomas Grey, Lord Grey of Groby

texts:
<mask>, <mask> of Groby (c. 16231657), was an elected Member of Parliament for Leicester during the English Long Parliament, an active member of the Parliamentary party and a regicide. He was the eldest son of <mask>, 1st Earl of Stamford, using his father's as his own courtesy title, and Anne Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter. In January 1643, during the First English Civil War he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the forces of the Parliament in the Midland Counties and Governor of Leicester. In 1648 he won some credit for his share in the pursuit and capture of the Duke of Hamilton; he assisted Colonel Pride in purging the Parliament by helping to identify members to be excluded. Later in 1648, he was made commissioner of the court which tried King Charles I. His signature on the death warrant indicates that he was a strong advocate for the execution of the King, because he signed after the President of the court John Bradshaw and before Oliver Cromwell, who was third to sign out of a total of fifty nine commissioners (judges). <mask> was the only person of nobility to sign the death warrant.A member of the Council of State under the Commonwealth, <mask> of Groby fought against the Scots in 1651 during the Third English Civil War. A supporter of the Good Old Cause, in February 1655 during the Protectorate he was arrested on suspicion of conspiring against Cromwell who was by now Lord Protector, but he was, however, soon released. He predeceased his father in April or May 1657. Early life
<mask> was born in 1623 to <mask>, 2nd <mask> of Groby and Anne Cecil daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter. He spent most of his youth in the Bradgate House, construction of which was begun by a late ancestor of his; Sir <mask> of Groby, and in Groby Manor. In 1628 <mask> at the age of five acquired the courtesy title of <mask> of Groby when his father was created the 1st Earl of Stamford. At the age of either 10 or 11, his family entertained Charles I and his wife Henrietta Maria of France in the Bradgate House.The royal visit was an event that marked a rise within the family fortune. Yet fortune would soon turn on the <mask> household. The family, having issues with failed business aspirations and also with both local and national policy, began to turn against the king in 1634. Furthering the rift with the Monarchy was the family's Puritan history. By 1640 a 17-year-old <mask> was in a world where tensions were growing rapidly on a national scale. With the English Civil War looming, in 1641 <mask> was elected a Member of Parliament for Leicester in the House of Commons and was admitted to Gray's Inn like his father before him. He was also later that same year selected among twelve other members of the same committee to present the Grand Remonstrance and petition to the Monarchy.The petition was in protest to the King for "Oppressions in Religion, Church Government and Discipline." For his actions in the committee he was referred to as "a Lord dear to the House of Commons". Military career
On 16 January 1643, <mask>, Lord <mask> of Groby was appointed commander-in-chief of the midland counties association and then ordered to take special care of Nottingham during the second Civil War. He took up headquarters there in June 1643, with a force of approximately 6,000 men. In a letter to his son <mask>, dated 5 March 1643, <mask> (<mask>' father) describes a battle to sweep the country, going through such towns as Lutterworth, Hinckley, Barwell, Lichfield, and Newark. On 29 August 1643, at Aylesbury, he joined the Earl of Essex on the march to relieve Gloucester. After the siege was raised, he fought at the first battle of Newbury for which he received thanks.In 1644, he received more appreciation for the reduction of places in Derbyshire. He then left Leicester due to a misunderstanding but was, in 1645, petitioned back to meet a royalist attack. In 1648, Lord <mask> raised troops in Leicestershire. After the defeat of the Scots at Preston, he pursued the Duke of Hamilton and his horse to Uttoxeter and took credit for his capture, though Duke Hamilton claimed he surrendered. Until August, <mask> held various commands in the militia. In 1651, he was sent to raise volunteers with the commission of commander-in-chief in the counties of Leicester, Nottingham, Northampton and Rutland, to meet the Scottish invasion. In September, Sir Edward Massie surrendered to Lord <mask> after the battle of Worcester.Regicide
By end of the year 1643, <mask>'s views began to diverge from his father's moderate ideas and in 1644 he left Leicester because of misunderstanding with the county. In 1645 Lord <mask> was forced to give up command by the Self-Denying Ordinance of April 1645 and it was after this that he entered a political alliance with radical and republican politicians, also petitioning to meet the royalist attack. On 6 December 1648 Lord <mask> assisted with Pride's Purge (pointing out 'obnoxious' members who were to be removed from the house), he was also a supporter of the Leveller Cause. On 16 February 1649 he served as one of the Judges against King Charles I, after which he gained notoriety as regicide. <mask> was the second of the 59 regicides to sign and the only aristocrat to sign the death warrant which resulted in King Charles's execution on 30 January 1649. Imprisonment and death
In 1649 he became the Counselor of State and was nominated for Council of State until an ambiguous disgrace. In 1653, he became disenchanted with Oliver Cromwell because he dissolved the Rump and on 12 February 1655 <mask> joined the Fifth Monarchists.He was arrested on suspicion by Colonel Hacker, acting on Protector's orders, and despite being "much distempered with gout" was taken prisoner at Windsor Castle. In July 1655 he was released following an application to the Protector. However, from his release until his death in 1657 he took no active part in politics. Family
On 4 June 1646, at the age of 23, <mask> married Dorothy, daughter of Edward Bourchier, 4th Earl of Bath. In 1654, their only son <mask> was born, who would succeed his grandfather to the Earldom of Stamford. Arms

The arms of the head of the <mask> family are blazoned Barry of six argent and azure in chief three torteaux gules. Notes

References

Attribution

 sources:
Mark Noble's Lives of the Regicides, p. 260;
State Papers, 1641–54;
Whitelocke's Memorials, pp.91, 312, 351, 354, 376–7, 425;
Hollis's Memoirs, pp. 137, 198;
Nichols's Leicestershire, iii. 677, App. 17;
Ludlow's Memorials, ii. 530;
Thurloe State Papers, iii. 148, vi. 829;
Hutchinson's Memoirs, i.179, 221, 363, ii. 131;
Rushworth's Hist. Coll. iii. pt. ii. 119, 219;
Clarendon, Hist.Rebellion, xiii. 453–4;
Gardiner's Hist. of the Great Civil War, vol. i.

<mask> of Groby, <mask>, <mask> of Groby, <mask>, Lord
17th-century English nobility
British courtesy barons and lords of Parliament
<mask> of Groby, <mask>, <mask> of Groby, <mask>, Lord
Regicides of Charles I
<mask> of Groby, <mask>, Lord
English MPs 1648–1653
Barons <mask> of Groby

masks:
Thomas Grey
Lord Grey
Henry Grey
Grey
Lord Grey
Thomas Grey
Henry Grey
Baron Grey
John Grey
Thomas
Lord Grey
Grey
Thomas Grey
Grey
Thomas
Grey
Thomas
Henry Grey
Thomas
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey
Lord Grey
Thomas
Grey
Grey
Thomas Grey
Lord Grey
Thomas Grey
Grey
Thomas Grey
Lord Grey
Thomas Grey
Grey
Thomas Grey
Grey


title: Peter Sobotta

texts:
<mask> (born January 11, 1987) is a retired Polish-born German professional mixed martial artist, who fought in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional competitor since 2004, <mask> has also formerly competed for KSW. <mask> was born in Zabrze, Poland, on January 11, 1987, and grew up in the small German town of Balingen. His childhood hero was Jackie Chan, who inspired him to take up martial arts, beginning with judo and then Kung Fu and Tae Kwon Do. He then took up Muay Thai and Brazilian jiu-jitsu when an MMA school opened near his home town. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> had his first professional mixed martial arts fight at the age of 17, and he compiled a record of 8-1, competing for several regional promotions across Europe before being signed by the UFC in 2009. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut on June 13, 2009 at UFC 99 against Paul Taylor.After three rounds, Sobotta lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to have his second UFC fight against DaMarques Johnson on November 14, 2009 at UFC 105, but due to a military commitment for Sobotta, the bout was canceled. Instead, Sobotta fought James Wilks on June 12, 2010 at UFC 115, losing by unanimous decision (30–27, 30–28, 30–27). Sobotta then faced The Ultimate Fighter 7 winner, Amir Sadollah on November 13, 2010 at UFC 122. He lost the fight via unanimous decision and was promptly released from the promotion along with Goran Reljic and Seth Petruzelli. After three years on the independent circuit, going 5-0-1 in the process, <mask> was re-signed by the UFC. Sobotta faced promotional newcomer Pawel Pawlak at UFC Fight Night 41 on May 31, 2014.Sobatta defeated Pawlak by unanimous decision to earn his first UFC victory. <mask> was expected to face Sérgio Moraes on April 11, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 64. However, <mask> was forced out of the bout, citing an injury, and he was replaced by Gasan Umalatov. The fight with Moraes was rescheduled for June 20, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 69. On June 9, the fight was scrapped once again as Moraes pulled out for undisclosed reasons. He was replaced by promotional newcomer Steve Kennedy. <mask> won the fight via submission in the first round.Sobotta faced Kyle Noke on November 15, 2015 at UFC 193. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round, after being dropped with a body kick, followed by punches on the ground. <mask> was expected to face Dominic Waters on May 8, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 87. However, Sobotta pulled out of the fight in late March, citing an injury, and he was replaced by Leon Edwards. Sobotta next faced Nicolas Dalby on September 3, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 93. Before the bout, Sobotta announced he would henceforth represent Jamaica in the UFC, rather than continue to choose between Poland and Germany and offend the other. Sobotta won the fight by unanimous decision.Sobotta faced Ben Saunders on May 28, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 109. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> faced Leon Edwards on March 17, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 127. He lost the fight via TKO in the third round. <mask> was scheduled to face Alessio Di Chirico in a middleweight bout on September 28, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 18. However, <mask> was forced out of the bout due to an undisclosed injury, and he was replaced by promotional newcomer Makhmud Muradov. Sobotta faced Alex Oliveira on July 26, 2020 at UFC on ESPN 14.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Following the last fight of his contract, Sobotta announced his retirement. Personal life
<mask> was born in Poland, but raised in Germany. He chose to wear the Jamaican flag at his weigh-in for UFC Fight Night 109, despite the fact that he has  dual citizenship to both Poland and Germany. He explained on the  UFC Fight Night 109 post fight press conference that the reason he chose to wear the Jamaica flag was to send the "One Love" message to the world. On December 9, 2017, Sobotta married his wife <mask> and they have two children.

masks:
Peter Sobotta
Sobotta
Background Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Sobotta
Lisa Sobotta


title: George Rudolph

texts:
<mask> (29 April 1901 – 1 April 1967) was an Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1920s. Family
The son of <mask> and <mask>, née Barrett, <mask> was born in Steiglitz, Victoria on 29 April 1901. He married Edna Mary Maud White (1904–) on 14 April 1928. Football
Said to be an idol of Richmond great Jack Dyer, <mask> was a follower, who played originally with Hawthorn in the Victorian Football Association (VFA), but was also used in key positions. Hawthorn (VFA)
Having played with Camberwell Districts (1917), and with the East Burwood Football Club in 1918 and 1919, he was recruited by the VFA club Hawthorn. He played his first match on 10 July 1920 and played a total of 13 games, scoring seven goals in two seasons. Richmond (VFL)
Granted a permit in May 1922, by Hawthorn to play with Richmond, <mask> only played three matches with the Richmond First XVIII before he left to play country football.St. James
On leaving Richmond, he played with the St. James Football Club in the Benalla-Yarrawonga Line Football Association for the remainder of the 1922 season. Lang Lang
In 1923, he played with the Lang Lang Football Club, coached by Harry Harker, in the Berwick District Football Association. Richmond (VFL)
He returned to Richmond in 1924. On 2 May 1925, he was one of the Richmond team that played against his old club, Hawthorn, in its first-ever VFL match (,  and  were admitted to the VFL competition in 1925 season). A Victorian interstate representative, he appeared in seven finals over the course of his career, including the 1927 VFL Grand Final and 1928 Grand Final. <mask> played both premiership deciders from centre half-forward but Richmond didn't win either. Oakleigh (VFA)
In 1929, two new teams, Oakleigh and Sandringham, were admitted to the Victorian Football Association (VFA) competition.Along with Geelong's Eric Fleming, St Kilda's Wal Gunnyon, Essendon's Frank Maher and Chris Gomez, and Richmond's Fred Goding, <mask> went to the Oakleigh in 1929 without a clearance from the VFL (in doing so, all of them were automatically disqualified from the VFL for three years). However, another ex-Essendon player, Vince Irwin, who also went to Oakleigh in 1929, did receive a clearance from South Bendigo Football Club, with whom he had played in the Bendigo Football League (BFL) in 1927 and 1928. <mask> was a member of Oakleigh's inaugural VFA premiership teams in 1930 and 1931, as a centre half-back in the latter. Coburg (VFA)
In 1932, Oakleigh appointed ex-Collingwood footballer Harry Chesswas as its captain-coach; and, in 1933, in promoting Eric Fleming to the position of the team's captain-coach, the club also informed <mask> that "should he desire a clearance to any other club it would be granted on his application". Oakleigh cleared <mask> cleared to Coburg in March 1933. He played in 24 games as centre half-back that season, including the ferocious Grand Final—eight players, including <mask>, were reported for 14 different offences—in which Coburg lost to Northcote, 9.16 (70) to 11.21 (87). <mask> was appointed captain-coach of Coburg in 1934.New Town (TFL)
In 1936, he moved to Tasmania, and played with the New Town Football Club in the Tasmanian Football League (TFL). In his last match (against North Hobart on 19 August 1939), he was reported, found guilty of the charge, and suspended for one week. Without <mask> in its team, New Town lost the 16 August 1939 elimination final match to Lefroy, 8.10 (58) to 9.11 (65). Due to his enlistment in the Second AIF in June 1940, he was no longer available for selection at New Town. In 1940 he was the coach of various AIF teams in Tasmania. Reports and suspensions
According to Hogan (1996, p. 200), <mask> was "a fiery player [who] came under the notice of umpires on several occasions receiving a total of 61 weeks in suspensions in his career". 1925 (Richmond): charged with striking St Kilda's Frank Scully on 18 July 1925.The charge was dismissed. 1925 (Richmond): charged with striking St Kilda's John Lord on 18 July 1925. <mask> was found guilty and was suspended for 6 matches. 1926 (Richmond): charged with having used obscene language to Carlton's Jim Watson on 3 July 1926. <mask> was found guilty and was suspended for two matches. 1927 (Richmond): charged with kicking Fitzroy's <mask> on 9 July 1927. The charge was dismissed.1928 (Richmond): charged with unseemly conduct in having thrown the football at Geelong's Eric Fleming on 1 September 1928. The charge was dismissed. 1930 (Oakleigh): charged with tripping Coburg's Hugh Donnelly on 21 June 1930. The charge was dismissed. 1933 (Coburg): charged with striking Williamstown's Cairo Dixon on 6 May 1939. Although sustaining the charge, the Tribunal acknowledged that <mask> had been provoked and decided that, under the circumstances, "[although] a penalty of two weeks suspension would be recorded, … it would be suspended subject to no charge being brought against him and proved within a period of two years". 1933 (Coburg): Eight players were charged with sixteen offences committed during the fiery 1933 VFA Grand Final in which Coburg 9.16 (70) and Northcote Football Club on 7 October 1933.<mask> was charged with four offences (the tribunal noted that, in the course of the match, "<mask> had received great provocation"):
kicking Northcote's captain-coach Percy Rowe in the second quarter (Rowe was charged with striking <mask> in the second quarter). The charge against <mask> was not sustained (Rowe was suspended for one week). striking Northcote's Eddie M. Bray in the last quarter (Bray was charged with striking <mask> in the last quarter). <mask> was found guilty, and suspended for one week. (Bray, who was also reported for striking the Coburg captain-coach, Greg Stockdale, was found guilty of both offences and suspended for a total of six weeks). striking Northcote's Tommy Corrigan in the last quarter (Corrigan was charged with striking <mask> in the last quarter). <mask> was found guilty, and suspended for one week.striking Northcote's Ralph Goullet in the last quarter. <mask> was found guilty, and suspended for one week. 1934 (Coburg): charged with kicking Preston's Robert W. Cameron in the third quarter of the 1934 VFA Preliminary Final match on 22 September 1934. <mask> was found guilty and was suspended until July 1936. 1936 (New Town): charged with elbowing Lefroy's W. Humphreys on 18 July 1936. <mask> was found guilty and was suspended for four matches. On 27 July 1936 an appeal was lodged against the verdict.The appeal was subsequently rejected. 1939 (New Town): charged with striking North Hobart's Raymond Percival Carr on 19 August 1939. <mask> was found guilty and was suspended for one match. Cricket
He played in six matches with the Fitzroy Cricket Club's First XI in the District Cricket Competition in between 1932 and 1935. "<mask> was also a fine fast bowler [for Fitzroy] … [who] scored 21 runs with a highest score of 12 and took 6 wickets". Military service
He enlisted in the Second AIF in 1940, and served in the Army Service Corps. He was discharged in 1944.See also
 1927 Melbourne Carnival

Footnotes

References
 Hardy, Tony, Finding Jack Dyer: The Remarkable Story of 'Captain Blood': Legend of the Australian Football Hall of Fame, The Slattery Media Group, (Richmond), 2013. Hogan P: The Tigers of Old, Richmond FC, (Melbourne), 1996. Holmesby, Russell and Main, Jim (2007). The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing. "Jumbo" Sharland, "<mask> Has Helped to Make Richmond a Match Winning Side", The Sporting Globe, (Saturday, 23 July 1927), p. 6.<mask>'s Serious Illness, The Age, Friday, 20 May 1938), p. 17. External links

 <mask>: VFA Project. <mask>, Demonwiki. <mask>, Boyles Football Photos. Memorial Plaque: G.E. <mask>, Cornelian Bay Cemetery. 1901 births
1967 deaths
Richmond Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club (VFA) players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Coburg Football Club players
Coburg Football Club coaches
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Army soldiers

masks:
George Ernest Rudolph
Frank Rudolph
Eliza Rudolph
George Ernest Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
George Gordon
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
Rudolph
George
George Rudolph
George Rudolph
George Rudolph
George Rudolph
George Rudolph
Rudolph


title: Ray Barretto

texts:
<mask> (April 29, 1929 – February 17, 2006) was an American percussionist and bandleader of Puerto Rican ancestry. Throughout his career as a percussionist, he played a wide variety of Latin music styles, as well as Latin jazz. His first hit, "El Watusi", was recorded by his Charanga Moderna in 1962, becoming the most successful pachanga song in the United States. In the late 1960s, Barretto became one of the leading exponents of boogaloo and what would later be known as salsa. Nonetheless, many of <mask>'s recordings would remain rooted in more traditional genres such as son cubano. A master of the descarga (improvised jam session), <mask> was a long-time member of the Fania All-Stars. His success continued into the 1970s with songs such as "Cocinando" and "Indestructible."His last album for Fania Records, Soy dichoso, was released in 1990. He then formed the New World Spirit jazz ensemble and continued to tour and record until his death in 2006. Life and career

Early years
<mask> (his real name, "Barreto", was misspelled on his birth certificate) was born on April 29, 1929, in New York City. His parents moved to New York from Puerto Rico in the early 1920s, looking for a better life. His father left their family when Barretto was four, and his mother Delores moved the family to the Bronx, and from a young age he was influenced by his mother's love of music and by the jazz of Duke Ellington and Count Basie. In 1946, when Barretto was 17 years old, he joined the Army. While stationed in Germany, he met Belgian vibraphonist Fats Sadi.However, it was when he heard Dizzy Gillespie's  "Manteca" with Gil Fuller and Chano Pozo that he realized his calling. Beginnings as a sideman
In 1949, when <mask> returned home from military service, he started to visit clubs and participated in jam sessions, where he perfected his conga playing. On one occasion Charlie Parker heard Barretto play and invited him to play in his band. Later, he was asked to play for José Curbelo and Tito Puente, for whom he played for four years. It was in 1958, while playing for Puente, that Barretto received his first recoding credit. Barretto developed a unique style of playing the conga and soon he was sought by other jazz band leaders. Latin percussionists started to appear in jazz groups with frequency as a consequence of Barretto's musical influence.Charanga Moderna and rise to fame
In 1960, <mask> was a house musician for the Prestige, Blue Note, and Riverside labels. He also recorded on Columbia Records with Jazz flautist Herbie Mann. New York had become the center of Latin music in the United States and a musical genre called pachanga was the Latin music craze of the early 1960s. In 1962, Barretto formed his first group, Charanga La Moderna, and recorded his first hit, "El Watusi" for Tico Records. He was quite successful with the song and the genre, to the point of being typecast (something that he disliked). Boogaloo and early salsa
In 1965, <mask> signed with the Latin division of United Artists, UA Latino, and began recording a series of albums in the boogaloo genre, which merges rhythm and blues with Latin music. On his album El Ray Criollo, Barretto explored the modern Latin sounds of New York, combining features of charanga and conjunto to birth a new style which would later be known as salsa.After recording four albums for the United Artists label, <mask> joined the Fania record label in 1967, and his first recording for the new label was the 1968 album Acid, which is often cited as one of the most enduring boogaloo albums, with songs such as "A Deeper Shade of Soul" and the title track was included in the soundtrack of the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories on the fictitious Latin music radio station "Radio Espantoso". During this period, Adalberto Santiago was the band's lead vocalist. Success with Fania

In 1972 <mask>'s Que viva la música was released. "Cocinando," a track from the album, opened the soundtrack of the Fania All Stars film Our Latin Thing in which Barretto had a role. After a number of successful albums, and just as his Afro-Cuban band had attained a remarkable following, most of its members left it to form Típica 73, a multinational salsa conglomerate. In 1973, Barretto recorded the album Indestructible, in which he played "La familia", a song written by José Curbelo in 1953 and recorded by the sonero Carlos Argentino with the Cuban band Sonora Matancera; Tito Allen joined as new vocalist. Allen left the band after "Indestructible".This series of departures left Barretto depressed and disappointed with salsa; he then redirected his efforts to jazz, while remaining as musical director of the Fania All Stars. In 1975 he released Barretto, also referred to as the Guararé album, with new vocalists Ruben Blades and Tito Gomez. Barretto played the conga in recording sessions for the Rolling Stones and the Bee Gees. In 1975, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for the album "Barretto". From 1976 to 1978, Barretto recorded three records for Atlantic Records, and was nominated for a Grammy for Barretto Live...Tomorrow. In 1979, he recorded La Cuna for CTI records and produced a salsa record for Fania, titled Rican/Struction, which was named 1980 "Best Album" by Latin N.Y. Magazine, with Barretto crowned as Conga Player of the Year. New World Spirit

In 1990, Barretto won his first Grammy for the album Ritmo en el corazón ("Rhythm in the Heart"), which featured the vocals of Celia Cruz.His 1968 song "A Deeper Shade Of Soul" was sampled for the 1991 Billboard Hot 100 #21 hit "Deeper Shade of Soul" by Dutch band Urban Dance Squad. Also in the 1990s, a Latin agent, Chino Rodríguez, approached Barretto with a concept he also pitched to Larry Harlow. The idea was "The Latin Legends of Fania", and <mask>, Harlow, Yomo Toro, Pete "el Conde" Rodríguez, Junior González, Ismael Miranda, and Adalberto Santiago came together and formed "The Latin Legends of Fania", booked by Chino Rodríguez of Latin Music Booking.com. However, in 1992 <mask> left the Legends to focus on his new jazz ensemble, New World Spirits, with which he recorded several albums for the Concord Jazz label. In 1999, Barretto was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2006, the National Endowment for the Arts awarded Barretto its Jazz Masters Award. Barretto lived in New York and was an active musical producer, as well as the leader of a touring band which embarked on tours of the United States, Africa, Europe, Israel and Latin America.Death
Barretto died of heart failure and complications of multiple health issues on February 17, 2006, at the Hackensack University Medical Center in New Jersey. His body was flown to Puerto Rico, where Barretto was given formal honors by the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture; his remains were cremated. Discography

As leader
 Barretto para bailar (Riverside, 1961)
 Latino! (Riverside, 1962)
 Charanga Moderna (Tico, 1962)
 Moderna de Siempre (Tico, 1963)
 On Fire Again (Encendido otra vez) (Tico, 1963)
 The Big Hits Latin Style (Tico, 1963)
 Guajira y guaguancó (Tico, 1964)
 Viva Watusi! (United Artists, 1965)
 Señor 007 (United Artists, 1966)
 El Ray Criollo (United Artists, 1966)
 Latino con Soul (United Artists, 1966)
 Fiesta En El Barrio (United Artists, 1967)
 Acid (Fania, 1968)
 Hard Hands (Fania, 1968)
 Together (Fania, 1969)
 Head Sounds (Fania, 1969)
 Barretto Power (Fania, 1970)
 The Message (Fania, 1971)
 From the Beginning (Fania, 1971)
 Que viva la música (Fania, 1972)
 Indestructible (Fania, 1973)
 The Other Road (Fania, 1973)
 Barretto (Fania, 1975)
 Tomorrow: Barretto Live (Atlantic, 1976)
 Energy to Burn (Fania, 1977)
 Eye of the Beholder (Atlantic, 1977)
 Can You Feel It? (Atlantic, 1978)
 Gracias (Fania, 1978)
 La Cuna (CTI Records/CTI, 1979)
 Rican/Struction (Fania, 1979)
 Giant Force (Fania, 1980)
 Rhythm of Life (Fania, 1982)
 Todo se va poder (Fania, 1984)
 Aquí se puede (Fania, 1987)
 Irresistible (Fania, 1989)
 "Ritmo en el Corazón" (Fania, 1990)
 Handprints (Concord Picante, 1991)
 Soy Dichoso (Fania, 1992)
 Live in New York (Messidor, 1992)
 Salsa Caliente de Nu York (Universe, 2001)
 Fuerza Gigante: Live in Puerto Rico April 27, 2001 (Universe, 2004)
 Standards Rican-ditioned (Zoho Music, 2006)

With New World Spirit
 Ancestral Messages (Concord Picante, 1992)
 Taboo (Concord Picante, 1994)
 My Summertime (Owl, 1995)
 Contact! (Blue Note, 1997)
 Portraits in Jazz and Clave (RCA, 2000)
 Trancedance (Circular Moves, 2001)
 Homage to Art Blakey and The Jazz Messengers (Sunnyside, 2003)
 Hot Hands (Concord Picante, 2003)
 Time Was - Time Is (O+ Music, 2005)

As sideman
With Gene Ammons
 Blue Gene (Prestige, 1958)
 Boss Tenor (Prestige, 1960)
 Up Tight!(Prestige, 1961)
 Boss Soul! (Prestige, 1961)
 Twisting the Jug (Prestige, 1961) with Joe Newman and Jack McDuff
 Soul Summit Vol. 2 (Prestige, 1961 [1962])
 Late Hour Special (Prestige, 1961 [1964])
 Velvet Soul (Prestige, 1961 [1964])
 Goodbye (Prestige, 1974)
With Bee Gees
 Main Course (RSO, 1975)
With <mask>
 Dancing the Big Twist (Columbia, 1961)
With Kenny Burrell
 Bluesy Burrell (Moodsville, 1962) with Coleman Hawkins
 Midnight Blue (Blue Note, 1963)
 Crash! (Prestige, 1963) with Brother Jack McDuff
 Soul Call  (Prestige, 1964)
 God Bless the Child (CTI, 1971)
With Arnett Cobb
 Party Time (Prestige, 1959)
With Billy Cobham
 Spectrum (Atlantic, 1973)
With Celia Cruz
 Tremendo Trío! (Fania, 1983)
 Ritmo en el Corazón (Fania, 1989)
With George Benson
 The Other Side of Abbey Road (A&M Records, 1970)
With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis
 Bacalao (Prestige, 1959) with Shirley Scott
 Misty (Moodsville, 1960 [1963]) with Shirley Scott
 Afro-Jaws (Riverside, 1960)
 Lock, the Fox (RCA Victor, 1966)
With Deodato
 Prelude (CTI, 1972)
With Bill Doggett
Doggett Beat for Dancing Feet (King, 1957)
With Judy Collins
 True Stories and Other Dreams (Elektra Records, 1973)
With Lou Donaldson
 Swing and Soul (Blue Note, 1957)
 Blues Walk (Blue Note, 1958)
 Light-Foot (Blue Note, 1959)
 The Time Is Right (Blue Note, 1959)
 Midnight Sun (Blue Note, 1960)
 Cole Slaw (Blue Note, 1964)
With Art Farmer
 Listen to Art Farmer and the Orchestra (Mercury, 1962)
With Jimmy Forrest
 Most Much! (Prestige, 1963)'
With Wes Montgomery
 SO Much Guitar! (Riverside, 1961)
With Oliver Nelson
 Impressions of Phaedra (United Artists, 1962)
With Dave Pike
 Limbo Carnival (New Jazz, 1962)
With Michel Sardaby
 Michel Sardaby in New York (Sound Hills, 2002)
With Johnny "Hammond" Smith
 Talk That Talk (New Jazz, 1960)
 Open House!(Riverside, 1963)
With Jeremy Steig and Eddie Gómez
Rain Forest (CMP, 1980)
With Sonny Stitt
 Stitt Meets Brother Jack (Prestige, 1962) with Jack McDuff
 The Matadors Meet the Bull (Roulette, 1965)
With Cal Tjader
 Along Comes Cal (Verve, 1967)
 Hip Vibrations (Verve, 1967)
With Julius Watkins
 French Horns for My Lady (Philips, 1962)
With Weather Report
 Mysterious Traveller (Columbia, 1974)
With Frank Wess
 Southern Comfort (Prestige, 1962)
With Charles Williams
 Stickball (Mainstream, 1972)

See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links

 Photographs and sound

1929 births
2006 deaths
American salsa musicians
American jazz drummers
American people of Puerto Rican descent
Conga players
Jazz percussionists
Puerto Rican jazz musicians
Cuban charanga musicians
Grammy Award winners
Fania Records artists
Zoho Music artists
Musicians from New York City
Puerto Rican Army personnel
United States Army soldiers
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Tico Records artists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
People from East Harlem
The Blackout All-Stars members
Atlantic Records artists
CTI Records artists

masks:
Ray Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Barretto
Ray Bryant