title: Marco Kartodikromo

texts:
<mask> (1890 – 18 March 1932), also known by his pen name <mask>, was an Indonesian journalist and writer. Born to a low-ranking priyayi (noble) family in Blora, Dutch East Indies, <mask>'s first employment was with the national railway. Disgusted by the racism shown there, in 1911 he moved to Bandung and found work as a journalist for Medan Prijaji. The following year he moved to Surakarta and worked with two publications, Saro Tomo and  Doenia Bergerak; he soon began to write pieces critical against the Dutch colonial government, which led to his arrest. After a period as a correspondent in the Netherlands, <mask> continued his journalism and critique of the government; he also wrote several pieces of fiction. Involved with the Communist Party of Indonesia, after a 1926 communist-led revolt <mask> was exiled to Boven-Digoel prison camp in Papua. He died in the camp of malaria in 1932.<mask>, who preferred writing in Malay, experimented with new phrasings at a time when the state-owned publisher Balai Pustaka was attempting to standardise the language. According to literary critic Bakri Siregar, he was the first Indonesian writer to openly criticise the Dutch colonial government and the traditional form of feudalism practised in the country. For this vocal criticism, the Dutch government decried him as a "crazy" man who could spark unrest among the native populations. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in Blora, Central Java, Dutch East Indies, in 1890 to a low-ranking priyayi (noble) family. At the age of fifteen, he took up a job at the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg, the national railway company of the Indies, in Semarang. In 1911 he chose to leave the company as he was disgusted by its racist policies, including the use of race as a basis for the amount paid in wages. <mask> made his way to Bandung, West Java, where he found employment at Medan Prijaji, a newspaper run by Tirto Adhi Soerjo.When the paper was closed by the Dutch, in 1912 <mask> went to Surakarta. There, he joined Sarekat Islam, an organisation of Muslim merchants, and found employment at the Sarekat Islam-backed weekly Saro Tomo. In 1914 he took lead of the magazine Doenia Bergerak. The paper was the mouthpiece of the Native Indonesian Journalists' Group (), which Kartodikromo led and had helped establish with Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo and Darnakoesoemo. That same year, he published the three-volume work Mata Gelap (Dark Eyes); this led to a long polemic between Doenia Bergerak and the Chinese-owned Tjoen Tjioe in Surabaya due to perceived racism. While with Doenia Bergerak, <mask> wrote an attack on the Dutch Advisor on Native Affairs R.A. Rinkes; in his editorial, he wrote that the Dutch loved themselves far more than the natives they were subjugating. On 26 January 1915, Kartodikromo came under investigation by the Justice Office of the Dutch East Indies for publishing several further anti-Dutch editorials.The journalist unsuccessfully attempted to raise money to protest this at the Dutch parliament in The Hague. He was convicted of revolutionary activity and sentenced to nine months at Mlaten Prison; however, due to public outcry he was released after 100 days. When Doenia Bergerak went bankrupt, Kartodipuro then headed the Saro Tomo. Further career, exile, and death

<mask> was soon chosen by Goenawan, chief editor of the daily Pantjaran Warta, to go to the Netherlands as a correspondent. In his five months there at the end of 1916 and beginning of 1917, the journalist published Boekoe Sebaran Jang Pertama (The First Publication Book). After his return to Indonesia, he became an editor for Pantjaran Warta and based himself in Batavia (now Jakarta). Within a month he was imprisoned again for his writing.On 21 February 1918 <mask> was released from prison. He moved to Semarang and became a commissioner of the Sarekat Islam with Semaun; he also joined the newspaper Sinar Djawa (later Sinar Hindia). In a conference that year, Kartodikromo stated that there were two kinds of press in Indonesia: the "black press" (), which struggled against the imperialistic Dutch; and the "white press" (), which worked to subjugate the Indonesian people. In 1918 he published Student Hidjo (Student Green), which told of a young Indonesian student who falls in love while studying in the Netherlands despite already having a fiancée in Indonesia. The work, originally published as a serial, was novelised in 1919. Also in 1918 he published a collection of poems, Sair-sair Rempah (Poems on Spices). Kartodikromo published another novel, Matahariah, in 1919.It was based on the life of the Dutch spy Mata Hari. On 15 December 1919, <mask> left Sinar Hindia and took a position as head of Soero Tamtomo, published by the Forestry Union Staff Union Wono Tamtomo. He was imprisoned for six months for one of his writings, Sjairnja Sentot (Sentot's Poem), with the paper. In 1921 <mask> moved to Salatiga and became involved with the press there. He was sentenced to two years in a Batavian prison for another of his writings. In 1924, Kartodikromo published Rasa Merdika (A Sense of Independence), which dealt with a young man who goes against his priyayi father, a tool of the Dutch colonial government, and tries to find personal independence. Another novel, Cermin Buah Keroyalan (Mirror of the Fruit of Royalty), and stage play, Kromo Bergerak (Kromo is Moving), were published not long after.<mask> was exiled to Boven-Digoel, Papua, in 1926 for his writings and involvement in the 1926 revolt led by the Communist Party of Indonesia. He died there of malaria on 18 March 1932. Themes and styles
Most of <mask>'s fictional works took place in Bandung or Surabaya. He was an early Indonesian example of the social realist movement. Like most nationalist writers at the time, <mask> preferred writing in Malay (the predecessor of modern Indonesian) rather than his native Javanese; however, he did write several pieces in Javanese. While the state-owned publisher Balai Pustaka was attempting to standardise Malay, Kartodikromo experimented with the language, using words, phrases, and scenes which had never before been used. Socialist literary critic Bakri Siregar writes that <mask> drew on his experiences while visiting the Netherlands in writing Studen Hidjo.He also writes that, unlike writers published by Balai Pustaka, Kartodikromo was heavily against the "white superiority" which the Dutch impressed upon native Indonesians; this was achieved through showcasing the "depravity of bourgeois morals and the Dutch colonials." Reception
Due to his vocal criticism of the Dutch, the East Indies government banned <mask>'s books several times. In response to his critiques in Doenia Bergerak, they described him as a "crazy" man who could spark unrest among the native populations. Kartodikromo himself enjoyed baiting the colonial government, reportedly inviting his readers to work together and criticise the Dutch for their "mismanagement and caprice". Siregar described Kartodikromo as the first Indonesian writer to openly criticise the Dutch colonial government and the traditional form of feudalism practised in the country; he also notes that the writer was the first Indonesian to consciously depict class struggles in his works. As Siregar considered Indonesian literature to have been born from a nationalist understanding, he considered <mask> one of the first truly Indonesian writers. Hendrik Maier, a lecturer at Leiden University, writes that Kartodikromo was "primarily inspired by dreams and ideals", noting that the writer intended to create a community of politically aware Indonesians to work against the colonial government in solidarity and equality.Kartodikromo described his ideal political state as having "" ("the same standards, the same feelings"). Works
Mata Gelap (Dark Eyes; 1914; novel in three volumes)
Sair-sair Rempah (Poems on Spices; 1918; poetry anthology)
Student Hidjo (Student Green; 1918; novel)
Rasa Merdika (A Sense of Independence; 1924; novel)
Cermin Buah Keroyalan (Mirror of the Fruit of Royalty; 1924; novel)
Kromo Bergerak (Kromo is Moving; 1924; stage play)

Notes

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

1890 births
1932 deaths
Indonesian journalists
Indonesian revolutionaries
Javanese people
People from Central Java
Deaths from malaria
Indonesian writers
Indonesian people who died in prison custody
Indonesian communists
Prisoners who died in Dutch detention
Indonesian exiles
20th-century journalists
Dutch political prisoners
Boven-Digoel concentration camp detainees
Sarekat Islam politicians

masks:
Marco Kartodikromo
Mas Marco
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Kartodikromo
Marco


title: Daizee Haze

type: original

texts:
Emily Sharp (born May 11, 1983) is an American former professional wrestler known under the ring name <mask>. She is best known for her time on the independent circuit, where she performed for numerous promotions such as Chikara, Ring of Honor and Shimmer Women Athletes, where she was a one-time Tag Team Champion. Professional wrestling career

Debut and Gateway Championship Wrestling (2002)
Haze was trained by Kid Kash and Delirious. Haze honors her mentors, especially Delirious, in the ring by imitating some of their mannerisms, particularly Delirious' incoherent speech and performing some of their trademark wrestling moves. In March 2002 she made her professional debut for Gateway Championship Wrestling based out of Missouri using a hippie stoner gimmick. The gimmick is a tribute to her father, who was a hippie, and died when she was fifteen, and the ring name is the product of her sister's imagination, after she wanted to change her name legally to Daisy Hayes after Savage Garden singer Darren Hayes. Around the same time MsChif began working for the same promotion and the two began to work together inside the ring.Haze also began working for IWA Mid-South as the valet of Matt Sydal, and then went on to compete in the women's division. Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South (2003–2008)
<mask> made her IWA Mid-South debut in 2003, as the manager of Matt Sydal, but was soon wrestling in the newly created women's division. Her first match was against Mickie Knuckles at the Revenge Served Cold event on October 23. In May 2004 the NWA Midwest Women's Championship was introduced, and a tournament was set up at the Volcano Girls show to determine the inaugural champion. Haze defeated Sumie Sakai in the first round and Rain in the second, but lost in a three-way final, when Lacey beat her and Mercedes Martinez. The NWA Midwest Women's Championship and IWA Mid-South Women's Championship were merged early in 2005, and Haze won the Championship from Ariel in a six-pack challenge at the Givin Em Da Bizness event on February 12, 2005. After three months, however, Haze dropped the championship to MsChif on May 7.<mask> continued making sporadic appearances in IWA Mid-South, at one point donning Delirious style attire and dubbing herself Shelirious in a match against Mickie Knuckles on July 9, 2005. On May 2, 2008, <mask> captured the Championship for a second time after defeating the defending champion Knuckles and Sara Del Rey in a three-way match. <mask> competed in the Volcano Girls 2 tournament but was eliminated in the semi-finals by Knuckles. The winner of the tournament, Rachel Summerlyn, earned a title shot against <mask> at King of the Deathmatches. Summerlyn did not get her championship match, however, and at the end of 2008 the championship was deactivated. Ring of Honor (2004–2011)
Around the same time as her debut in IWA Mid-South, <mask> and Sydal debuted in Ring of Honor (ROH) in early 2004. At the time women's wrestling was not common practice for the promotion, but Haze engaged in an in-ring program with Allison Danger, who was spending time away from The Prophecy.Soon after <mask> became a member of Generation Next when Sydal joined the faction. In November 2005 at ROH's Vendetta show she managed Generation Next and A.J. Styles (who replaced Roderick Strong) in an eight-man war against The Embassy. Haze was joined by Jade Chung who had broken free of the mental abuse at the hands of The Embassy since becoming the kayfabe girlfriend of Strong. During the eight-man war Prince Nana, of The Embassy, dragged <mask> into the ring by her hair. Austin Aries and Sydal made the save only to have Haze turn on them as she low-blowed both men and proceeded to deliver a Mind Trip to Jade Chung before siding with Prince Nana. She remained with the stable until it was disbanded in September 2006, after which she turned into a fan favorite and aligned herself with B.J.Whitmer and Colt Cabana in their war with Lacey, Jimmy Jacobs and Brent Albright. Outside of the promotion Haze had an ongoing rivalry with Lacey which was carried over into Ring of Honor. At the Dedicated show in January 2007, Haze teamed with Whitmer and Cabana in six-person tag match against Lacey, Jacobs and Albright. Jacobs, Lacey and Albright won the match after Jacobs put Haze through a table. The feud continued on over the course of Ring of Honor's Fifth Year Festival. In a re-match from the Dedicated show, except with Adam Pearce replacing Albright, Haze and her team won a street fight. Six days later, however, Haze was beaten in a singles match by Lacey, after Jacobs interfered.In the summer of 2007 <mask> began feuding with Sara Del Rey who was the reigning Shimmer Champion. The two fought on many occasions, typically with the Championship not on the line. <mask>'s first Championship match came in 2008 at the Ring of Honor's 6th Anniversary Show, where Del Rey retained the championship. The feud with Del Rey expanded to include Sweet and Sour, Inc, the faction of which Del Rey was a member, and as a result, Delirious came to aid <mask>. <mask>'s rivalry with Lacey, who had become part of The Age of the Fall, reignited. Delirious began revealing romantic intentions towards <mask>, but she rejected him, prompting Rhett Titus to claim that he had slept with <mask>, who denied it. After seeing footage of <mask> and Tius together, however, Delirious joined The Age of the Fall, although he left shortly afterwards when Jacobs attempted to spike Haze, but Delirious turned on his stablemates and saved <mask>.In 2009, ROH signed a television deal with HDNet for a weekly episodic wrestling show Ring of Honor Wrestling, beginning on March 21, 2009. Haze wrestled on the second show, which aired on March 28, where she lost to Del Rey after a Royal Butterfly. On the fourth show, which aired on April 11, she teamed up with Nevaeh to defeat Del Rey and Sassy Stephie. On the 8th episode of ROH on HDNet, which aired on May 9, <mask> Haze teamed with Delirious to take on the Shimmer Champion MsChif and her tag team partner Jimmy Jacobs in a match where Haze pinned the Shimmer Champion with a Mind Trip. As part of the 11th episode, which aired on May 30, she took part in a 3-way match against the former SHIMMER Champion Sara Del Rey and the current Shimmer Champion MsChif. This match was eventually won by MsChif who pinned Haze with the Desecrator. She came back in the 17th episode, which aired on July 11, in which she teamed once again with Nevaeh losing to the team of MsChif and Sara Del Rey.Since 2009, she is one of the two head trainers of the ROH Wrestling Academy, the other head trainer being Delirious. She has not made an appearance for ROH since April 2, 2011. Chikara (2005–2011)

Haze began wrestling for the Philadelphia–based Chikara in 2005. In November 2009 she was placed in her first major storyline in the company, when she aligned herself with Claudio Castagnoli, Ares, Pinkie Sanchez, Sara Del Rey, Tim Donst and Tursas to form the heel stable Bruderschaft des Kreuzes (BDK). The stable has since been joined by Lince Dorado and Delirious. While in BDK Haze began regularly teaming with Del Rey and together the two of them picked up victories over tag teams such as The Osirian Portal (Amasis and Ophidian), Los Ice Creams (El Hijo del Ice Cream and Ice Cream, Jr.), The Throwbacks (Dasher Hatfield and Sugar Dunkerton), Amazing Kong and Raisha Saeed, and Mike Quackenbush and Jigsaw. On September 18, 2010, Haze wrestled Japanese joshi legend Manami Toyota in her first match on American soil, in a losing effort.On October 23 Haze represented BDK in the torneo cibernetico match, where they faced a team composed of Chikara originals. She was eliminated from the match by Eddie Kingston. The following day <mask> and Del Rey defeated the Super Smash Bros. (Player Uno and Player Dos) in a tag team match to pick up their third straight victory and, as the first all–female tag team, earn the right to challenge for the Chikara Campeonatos de Parejas (tag team championship), at the time held by their stablemates Ares and Claudio Castagnoli. However, Haze and Del Rey never got to cash in their points as Ares and Castagnoli ordered them to defend them in a four–way elimination match on November 21, where they ended up being eliminated by Mike Quackenbush and Jigsaw and losing all of their points. On July 31, 2011, Castagnoli turned first on Del Rey, after losing to her in a singles match, and then Haze, as she was standing up for her regular tag team partner. The following week, Del Rey quit BDK, while Chikara announced that Haze would be taking a leave of absence from the promotion after suffering a storyline injury at the hands of Castagnoli. Shimmer Women Athletes (2005–2011)

<mask> also wrestles regularly in ROH's sister promotion, Shimmer Women Athletes, an all female wrestling promotion based out of Chicago.Haze was in the main event of their first four shows, which are released on DVD as "volumes". At the Volume 1 taping on November 5, 2005, Haze defeated Lacey with the Mind Trip in a twenty-five-minute match. On Volume 2, Del Rey pinned <mask> with the Royal Butterfly to win a four-way elimination main event which also involved Lacey and Mercedes Martinez. Haze lost to Del Rey again on Volume 3, and on Volume 4 <mask> defeated Rebecca Knox. Haze's first real feud in Shimmer was against Knox, who was angry after her loss on Volume 4, leading to a two out of three falls match being booked for Volume 5, which Haze ended up losing, two falls to one. On Volume 6, however, Haze gained a victory over Nikita. <mask> and Knox were set to end their feud in a 60-minute Ironwoman match on Volume 7 on October 22, 2006, but the idea was scrapped after Knox suffered an injury while wrestling in Europe.Instead Haze faced Cheerleader Melissa in the main event where Melissa came out victorious. On Volume 8 Haze regained some momentum when she defeated Tiana Ringer, and on Volume 9 she continued her winning streak by pinning Amber O'Neal, although she lost to Awesome Kong at the Volume 10 tapings. A two-day tournament, taped June 1 and 2, 2007, was held to crown the first Shimmer Champion over the course of Volumes 11 and 12. Haze made it to semi-finals, defeating Portia Perez and Malia Hosaka en route, but lost to Lacey. Volume 13 was also taped which allowed Haze to have her first match against Sarah Stock, which Haze ultimately lost. On Volume 14, Haze and MsChif had their first match against each other for Shimmer (though the two had wrestled in a "bonus Shimmer attraction match" before in AAW) which Haze was able to win. Haze wrestled Stock in a number one contender's match on Volume 15, but lost after she was pinned with a Victory roll.On the last Volume of 2007, Volume 16, taped on October 15, Haze joined forces with MsChif and Eden Black to face The International Home Wrecking Crew, consisting of Jetta, Lacey and Rain. Haze pinned Jetta to pick up the win for her team. Haze defeated Cindy Rogers on Volume 17 and Jetta on Volume 18 respectively, both taped on April 26, 2008. Due to a back injury, Haze did not compete on Volumes 19 or 20, although she was interviewed by Rebecca Bayless on Volume 19. On September 8, 2008, Haze was named as the trainer of Shimmer wrestling school's first training course which started on October 27, 2008. Haze made her return to in-ring action at the October 19, 2008 tapings of Volume 21 where she was defeated by the Shimmer champion MsChif in a title match. On Volume 22, taped that same night, she defeated Miss Natural.On May 2, 2009, at the tapings of Volume 23 she fought Nicole Matthews to a 20-minute time limit draw, the second ever after the one between Mercedes Martinez and Sara Del Rey as part of Volume 1. On Volume 24, taped that same night, Haze defeated Matthews in a "no time limit" rematch with the Mind Trip. The following night on Volume 25 Haze teamed with Allison Danger to defeat Matthews and Portia Perez in a tag team match and on Volume 26 she defeated her student and the first graduate of the Shimmer Wrestling School Rayna Von Tash in a singles match. On November 8, 2009, at the tapings of Volumes 27 and 28 <mask>, due to an injury, assumed the role of a referee for matches between Cat Power and Ariel, Amazing Kong and LuFisto and Nicole Matthews and Allison Danger. Haze returned to a wrestling role on April 10 at the tapings of Volumes 29 and 30. On Volume 29 she was defeated by Misaki Ohata and afterwards turned heel and attacked her. On Volume 30 <mask> and Tomoka Nakagawa defeated Ohata and Jamilia Craft, another one of Haze's students from the Shimmer Wrestling School, in a tag team match.The following day at the tapings of Volumes 31 and 32, Haze lost to Ayako Hamada and defeated Ayumi Kurihara via countout in singles matches. On September 11, 2010, at the tapings of Volume 33 Haze was defeated by Kurihara in a rematch. Later that day in a match taped for Volume 34, Haze suffered an upset loss against Tenille. The following day Haze re–formed her team with Tomoka Nakagawa, when the two of them defeated Pretty Bitchin' (Nikki Roxx and Ariel) in a match taped for Volume 35. On Volume 36 Haze took part in an eight-woman elimination tag team match, where she, Nakagawa, Sara Del Rey and Madison Eagles were defeated by Ayako Hamada, Ayumi Kurihara, Cheerleader Melissa and Serena Deeb. On March 26, 2011, Haze was defeated by Serena Deeb on Volume 37 and defeated Courtney Rush as part of the tapings of Volume 38, before reaffirming her partnership with Tomoka Nakagawa by pointing out that they were undefeated in tag team matches. The following day, at the tapings of Volume 40, Haze and Nakagawa defeated the Seven Star Sisters (Hiroyo Matsumoto and Misaki Ohata) to win the Shimmer Tag Team Championship.<mask> and Nakagawa lost the title to Ayako Hamada and Ayumi Kurihara on October 1 at Volume 41. After the loss, <mask> announced that she was quitting the promotion. On October 11, 2015, Haze made a one-night return to wrestling during Shimmer's tenth anniversary weekend, when she took part in Portia Perez's retirement match, where she, Kellie Skater, Lexie Fyfe and Madison Eagles defeated Perez, Kimber Lee, Lacey and Nicole Matthews. Other promotions (2003–2011)

When Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) appeared on weekly pay-per-view <mask> was booked to make several appearances. Her first came on February 22, 2003, for syndicated television show Xplosion where she wrestled MsChif. Haze continued making appearances as the valet and occasional tag team partner of Matt Sydal. On the July 2, 2003 episode of Xplosion, <mask> and Sydal were defeated in a mixed tag team match by Julio Dinero and Alexis Laree, and on the February 4, 2004, episode Haze was defeated by Trinity in a singles match.She also lost a match to Nurse Veronica, which saw Veronica humiliate Haze by diapering her after securing the victory. Haze participated in two ChickFight tournaments. Her first came in September 2006 at ChickFight VI in 2006 in which Haze faced the defending champion Cheerleader Melissa in the first round. The two wrestled to a thirty-five-minute draw, which mean that they both advanced to the second round, where they had a three-way match, also involving Allison Danger. Haze won the match, and then defeated KAORU in the finals to win the ChickFight VI tournament. The following year, Haze was in the tournament again, and defeated Skye in the first round, before losing to Eden Black in the semi-finals. On the May 1, 2008, episode of TNA Impact!Haze made her return to TNA, using the alternate spelling of "Daisy Haze", in a losing effort to Cheerleader Melissa. Haze was also interviewed by Jeremy Borash on the May 1, 2008 edition of TNA Today. In early 2009 <mask>, under the ring name Marley Sebastian, took part in the tapings of the new all women wrestling show Wrestlicious, which premiered on MavTV and BiteTV on March 1, 2010. Her ring name was shortened to just Marley upon her debut on the fourth episode on March 24, in which she was defeated by Sierra Sheraton. On June 21, 2009, Haze defeated Portia Perez, Jessica James and Sara Del Rey to win Anarchy Championship Wrestling's first annual American Joshi Queen of Queens tournament. Haze appeared on Dragon Gate USA's first pay-per-view Enter the Dragon, which was taped on July 25, 2009, and aired on September 4, accompanying BxB Hulk to the ring. Retirement
Following her loss of the Shimmer Tag Team Championship on October 1, 2011, Haze retired from professional wrestling.On November 29, 2012, Haze made a one-night return as she accompanied MsChif for her match against Sean Vincent at a Dynamo Pro Wrestling event. Personal life
Haze studied Exercise Science at university. She also designs and sews wrestling apparel. Championships and accomplishments
 All Pro Wrestling
 APW Future Legend Championship (1 time)
 Anarchy Championship Wrestling
 American Joshi Queen of Queens (2009)
 ChickFight
 ChickFight VI
 Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
 IWA Mid-South Women's Championship (2 times)
 NWA Midwest
 NWA Midwest Women's Championship (2 times)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 15 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2008
 Shimmer Women Athletes
 Shimmer Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tomoka Nakagawa

References

External links

Glory Wrestling profile
Online World of Wrestling profile

1983 births
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Cape Girardeau, Missouri
Professional wrestlers from Missouri
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestling trainers
21st-century American women

masks:
Daizee Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Daizee
Haze
Daizee
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze
Haze


title: Joseph Thomas (surveyor)

texts:
Captain <mask> (1803–?) was a British explorer and the chief surveyor for Lyttelton, Sumner and Christchurch in New Zealand. He took up surveying after service in the British army, gaining the rank of lieutenant. In the 1840s, he explored many parts of New Zealand and worked for the New Zealand Company. This gained him employment with the Canterbury Association, which sent him to New Zealand in 1848. <mask>' role was to find a suitable site for their proposed settlement, and what became the Canterbury region with Christchurch as its capital was the result of his efforts. He was dismissed in early 1851 over quarrels with John Robert Godley, the agent of the Canterbury Association, just after the first settlers had arrived in the colony.<mask>' life after 1853 is unknown. Having allowed for Hagley Park as a generous central city green space is regarded as his major achievement, and it is his lasting legacy. Early life
<mask> was born in Worcester, England, in 1803. At age 13, he was an ensign in the 101st Regiment. In 1819, he was admitted to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and in November 1822, he joined the 87th Regiment of Foot. He served in India and in November 1827 transferred to the 19th (1st Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot for service in the West Indies. <mask> left the army in 1833 with the rank of lieutenant, and worked in North and South America as a surveyor and mining engineer.He returned to England in 1839. New Zealand
<mask> purchased land in Wellington from the New Zealand Company and arrived there on the Adelaide on 7 March 1840. As the land proved to be unavailable, he ventured into fishing and whaling, but in 1841 accepted a survey position under William Mein Smith. <mask> undertook work in Wanganui and Porirua, but together with most of his colleagues, he was sacked by chief surveyor Samuel Brees in March 1843. In the following year, he was engaged to undertake survey work in the Otago region under Frederick Tuckett, but the work was postponed and he explored parts of the North Island instead. Canterbury surveys

He returned to England and soon after in 1848 was appointed by the Canterbury Association as their chief surveyor for their planned settlement in Canterbury. His formal employer was the New Zealand Company, as the Canterbury Association had not received its charter.He left England on 6 July 1848 together with the surveyors <mask> and Charles Torlesse, and arrived in Nelson on 5 November. <mask>' remit included to find the site of the settlement anywhere in New Zealand, and it appears that the Canterbury Association expected that land in the Wairarapa be taken up, but he was instructed to obtain the consent of both the Governor (George Grey) and of Bishop Selwyn. Other instructions to <mask> included that the settlement should have a land area of at least , with at least  of that available for agriculture. The settlement could be at the coast or inland, but any coastal settlement required a good harbour, and the port should preferably be the capital. The capital was to be called Christchurch. <mask> may have had preconceived ideas about the location of the desired settlement, as he mentioned to a Nelson settler that the question is about "Port Cooper or nothing", with the name referring to what is now known as Lyttelton. In Nelson, he organised a copy of the report written by George Duppa of his 1841 exploration of Port Cooper and the adjacent plains.He reported to the Canterbury Organisation that the land question between Kaikōura and Otago had been resolved (through Kemp's Deed, where the New Zealand Company had bought the land of the Māori), whereas the government was still trying to purchase the land in the Wairarapa from the Māori, hence lessening delays "should we decide on Port Cooper". <mask> went to Wellington next, where he arrived on 21 November 1848. He met with the governor, who advised him that Captain John Lort Stokes of HMS Acheron had just finished a survey of the coast of Hawke's Bay, and that he had instructed him to survey the coast near Port Cooper. William Fox as the New Zealand Company's agent accompanied the three surveyors on the journey, and they reached Port Cooper on 15 December 1848. They undertook a very thorough exploration of the various parts of what is now Canterbury, from near the Waipara River in the north to the Ashburton River / Hakatere in the south, from the coast to the foothills of the Southern Alps. <mask> himself explored Banks Peninsula on foot and went to Port Levy, Pigeon Bay, Akaroa, Little River and back via the inland shore of Lake Ellesmere / Te Waihora. Their own report was supplemented by a report from the Deans brothers, who at that time were the only white settlers on the Canterbury Plains, with their farm located at Riccarton.<mask> and Fox jointly approved land holdings for two parties of settlers already in the area, who had paid for land in the Wellington area which had not been available. The Deans brothers were granted , and the Rhodes brothers (William Barnard and George) were granted  in Purau. Fox reported the following to T. C. Harrington, the secretary of the New Zealand Company:

Mr <mask> not only concurred in these arrangements, but was anxious to have them entered into, believing, as I do, that the presence of Messrs Deans and Mr George Rhodes with their stock and farms and their knowledge of climate, seasons, etc., will prove most valuable to the Canterbury immigrants in the early days of the settlement. They are all experienced settlers, hardy pioneers, and intelligent, respectable gentlemen. Everything proved very satisfactory for a new settlement, and the only possible obstacle was whether the harbour itself was going to be part of the land claim that the French initiative that resulted in the settlement of Akaroa had made. Fox applied to the governor for a ruling. During May 1849, both the Bishop and the Governor gave their approvals of the settlement for the Canterbury Association, and Grey thus confirmed that Port Cooper was not going to be part of the French land claim any longer.To conform with his instructions, <mask> initially placed the settlement's capital at the head of Lyttelton Harbour / Whakaraupō at the present-day Teddington. To meet the required  for Christchurch, partial reclamation would have been necessary. The Botanic Gardens were to be placed at what is now Charteris Bay, and the Government Domain was to be near present-day Governors Bay. But all of this was subject to the cost estimate for the land reclamation being affordable, which it was not. <mask>' first sketch map from 1849 commemorated about 30 members of the Canterbury Association. A reproduction of his sketch map is shown above, and the table identifies the localities named by him, together with their present name. Notable names that have changed were two major rivers, the Courtenay (now Waimakariri) and Cholmondley (now Rakaia).The Avon River had already been named by the Deans Brothers; Godley was instructed in 1850 by the Canterbury Association to rename it as the Shakespeare River, but the original use prevailed. <mask>' intention was to initially build four towns: Lyttelton was to be the port town, placed at present-day Rāpaki, Christchurch was to go at the head of the harbour, Stratford was to be built at that point on the Avon River that could just be reached by boat, and Mandeville would be placed on a large island within the Courtenay (Waimakari) River. It was quickly realised that land reclamation at the head of the harbour was too expensive, and the capital Christchurch was instead placed at the location that had been earmarked for Stratford. Mandeville was never built, and the land at Rāpaki was not available, as it had been promised to Maori as a reserve. Sites for other town, to be built later, were identified for Lincoln (near where the Selwyn River / Waikirikiri flows into Lake Ellesmere; it was later built in a different location), Oxford (where the college was supposed to be located; the college was built in Christchurch instead), and Buccleugh (which was never built, but which exists as an uninhabited locality named Buccleuch at ). The three towns that were surveyed were first Lyttelton, then Sumner, and lastly Christchurch. Except for early survey work in Lyttelton, which was done by <mask> and Torlesse, the work was done by Edward Jollie, who explains in his diary how the streets got their names:

The names of the streets of the three towns I surveyed were taken from Bishoprics and the way it was done was this; as soon as I completed the map I took it to <mask> who putting on his gold spectacles and opening his would read out a Bishop's name to hear if it sounded well.If I agreed with him that it did, I put the name to one of the streets requiring baptism. Lyttelton being the first born town got the best names for its streets, Sumner being next had the next best and Christchurch being the youngest had to be content with chiefly Irish and Colonial bishoprics as names for its streets. This accounts for, what to anyone not knowing the circumstances, appears strange, viz: that many of the best English Bishoprics are not represented while Irish and Colonial ones are. Sumner in fact died too late for the names there used to be again employed in Christchurch. What Jollie referred to with 'Sumner dying' refers to the fact that the survey was not used, as Godley put the proposal on hold. Instead, the land in Sumner was sold as a rural block. When it was subdivided in the 1860s, the original survey was not used.<mask> was also tasked with organising and supervising the work that was necessary to prepare the settlement for the settlers. Work was under way on the road from Lyttelton to Sumner when John Robert Godley arrived in April 1850. Godley was the agent for the Canterbury Association, and he put an immediate stop to the works, as available funds had been used up; instead, a walking track was built over the Port Hills that became known as the Bridle Path. When the first settlers arrived from December 1850 on the First Four Ships, <mask> was blamed for the unfinished work. There was constant tension between <mask> and Godley, and <mask> was dismissed by the agent of the Canterbury Association in January 1851. Some of the most severe criticism was that there was no church for the settlers, but after the first church was completed in May 1852, an editorial in the Lyttelton Times defended his decision to focus on the necessary infrastructure first. Later years
<mask> moved to Wellington and applied for land in the North Island.Instead, he left for England on 6 April 1852 on the Midlothian to plead his case to the management committee of the Canterbury Association but nothing came of this. During the year in England, he married. He returned to New Zealand and in 1853, he sold his assets to take employment with a mining company in New South Wales, Australia. It is not known exactly what he did after this; according to some reports, he died while in Wellington sometime during the 1880s, whilst others say that he died in Victoria, Australia at an unknown date. Notes

References

1803 births
Ashburton, New Zealand
Canterbury Association
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Green Howards officers
New Zealand surveyors
People from Worcester, England
Year of death unknown

masks:
Joseph Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Cass
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas


title: Lewis Charles Levin

texts:
<mask> (November 10, 1808 – March 14, 1860) was an American politician, Know Nothing, and anti-Catholic social activist of the 1840s and 1850s. He served three terms in the United States Congress (U.S. House of Representatives, 1845–51), representing Pennsylvania's 1st District. <mask> is considered to have been the first Jewish Congressman, although David Levy Yulee served as a territorial representative from Florida prior to <mask>'s entering Congress. Though not Protestant himself, he supported the concept of nativist Americanism supported by northern Protestants ideologically against Catholics. <mask> was famous as a political orator and a mouthpiece of xenophobia: he played a leading role in inciting the Nativist Riots of 1844 in Philadelphia, which led to the killing of over 20 Irish Americans, the burning of many of their homes and the destruction of three Catholic churches associated with their community. Biography

<mask> was born in Charleston, South Carolina and graduated from South Carolina College (later the University of South Carolina) in 1828. He then briefly taught school in Woodville, Mississippi, but had to quit town after being wounded in a duel.<mask> then practiced law in Maryland and Kentucky. Philadelphia riots and election to Congress

By 1838 <mask> was in Philadelphia and giving public lectures on the evils of alcohol. He founded and edited a journal called the Temperance Advocate. In 1842 he staged an immense public "bonfire of booze" to draw attention to his campaign against taverns and for local control of liquor licensing. <mask>'s anti-alcohol crusade proved to be excellent preparation for his next cause, a campaign against Catholic political power, which he carried on in The Daily Sun. Initially, the main political issue was an 1843 public school ruling permitting Catholic children to be excused from Bible-reading class (because the Protestant King James Version was being used). <mask> became the leader and chief spokesman for a start-up political movement calling itself the American Republican Party (later the Native American Party).On May 3, 1844, nativists attempted to give a speech in the center of the Irish-Catholic neighborhood of the Third Ward, Kensington. The locals ended up chasing all of the protesters out of the neighborhood. The following Monday, May 6, <mask> returned with 3,000 protesters. The ensuing fighting led to several people killed and injured, and hundreds more left homeless as most of the neighborhood homes were burned by rioters. In addition the Catholic Churches St. Michael and St. Augustine were demolished completely by fire. New riots broke out in Southwark in July of that same year when a group of protesters threatened to destroy St. Philip Neri Catholic Church in the Southwark District. This time <mask> used his influence to prevent the mob from burning the Church.Following the July riots, <mask> and his colleague Samuel R. Kramer (publisher of the Native American) were arrested for "exciting to riot and treason" in inciting locals to invade and burn several Catholic churches and a convent. However, the case never went to trial. Shortly after the 1844 Philadelphia riots, <mask> ran for Congress and was elected on his party's platform: (1) to extend the period of naturalization to twenty-one years;
(2) to elect only native born to all offices; (3) to reject foreign interference in all institutions, social, religious, and political. <mask> was returned to Congress in 1846 and 1848. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Engraving during the Thirtieth Congress, 1847–48. Personal life
<mask>'s exact family tree is difficult to determine. He was the brother of Lipman Theodore (L. T.) <mask>, listed in 1861 as a member of the Richland Rifles.L. T.'s funeral in 1892 was attended by his brother, Nathaniel, thus showing <mask>., L. T., and Nathaniel to be brothers. They all appear to have been the children of the <mask> Sr., an immigrant from England, who died in 1817 and is buried in the Coming Street Cemetery of Charleston, and his wife <mask>. <mask> married Ann Christian Hays (b. 1812) of Virginia and Tennessee in January 1833. Ann was related by marriage to future Tennessee governor and US President James K. Polk (her uncle John Hays was married to Polk's younger sister Ophelia). Ann died a year later, in January 1834. <mask> thereupon married a young widow named Julia Ann Gist, née Hammond (1814–1881) in Baltimore.<mask> claimed to have met Julia while they were both shopping for tombstones for their late spouses. In addition to Julia's daughter from her first marriage, <mask> and <mask> had one child, a daughter called Louisa (1840–1919). (It is occasionally reported erroneously that there was a son named Louis.) Louisa married a Brazilian diplomat named Carlos de Barros in Washington City in 1862, and later lived in South America, Philadelphia, and New York City. One of their sons and two grandsons were institutionalized in the 20th century for insanity. Scandal, insanity, and death
After leaving Congress in 1851, <mask> continued to campaign for the Native American or Know-Nothing movement, as it became known. He attempted to campaign for U.S.Senator, which prior to the 17th Amendment was a seat elected by the state legislature rather than by popular vote. <mask> was accused of bribing members of the Pennsylvania Assembly and was subpoenaed by a state investigation in February 1855. The findings were inconclusive, but <mask> never again held office. <mask> and other Nativists helped tilt the 1852 Presidential election toward Democrat Franklin Pierce and away from the Whigs' candidate, the popular Mexican–American War leader General Winfield Scott. There were Catholics in Scott's family, and he was accused of papist connections. <mask> was an organizing speaker of the first Know-Nothing Party convention in March 1855. Though in notably failing health, he was a featured speaker at the American Order's rally that autumn in a New York City park.<mask> was enraged and disgusted by the new Republican Party's nomination of John C. Frémont for President at the convention in Philadelphia in June 1856. He wrote a lengthy diatribe against Frémont, which he delivered at a rally in Philadelphia's National Hall (now Independence Hall) shortly after Millard Fillmore had been nominated by both the Know Nothings and the Whigs. However, Frémont partisans pulled him off the stand. According to newspaper reports, <mask> suffered a complete mental collapse and became so "deranged" that he was placed in the Philadelphia Hospital for the Insane. Newspapers report him being committed on a later occasion in June 1859, after a visit to a brother in Columbia, South Carolina. <mask> is said to have become "dangerous and unmanageable" on the train to Richmond, whereupon friends and railway workers subdued him and detained him in the mail car. The nature of his madness is unclear, but one newspaper, expanding on a wire-service story, speculated, "His insanity is supposed to have been brought about by an immoderate use of opium."He was returned to the Philadelphia Hospital for the Insane and died there of "Insanity" in March 1860. <mask> was buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery, in Philadelphia. Legacy
<mask>'s role in a nativist party is sometimes deemed a paradox, despite the fact he was native-born himself (albeit first-generation). His opposition was not to immigration as such but rather to Catholicism; he eagerly sought support from non-Catholic immigrants. It is a mark of his skill that he was able to equate "nativism" with anti-Catholicism, and to do so in Philadelphia, where sectarian animosity had historically been minimal, and where native-born Catholics had lived side-by-side with Anglicans, Quakers, and others since the Colonial period. For that matter <mask> himself did not seem to have any personal sectarian animus, which suggests that his anti-Catholic activism was merely rhetorical and opportunistic. The explorer and soldier John Gregory Bourke (1846–1896), whose devoutly Catholic family were friends and neighbors of <mask>'s in 1840s and 1850s Philadelphia, recalled <mask> fondly and wrote that the Bourke and <mask> families were close for many years.Similarly, <mask> worked for <mask> when he was a boy, around 1845, and recalled <mask> as a kind, generous employer. A "printer's devil" for <mask>'s Daily Sun newspaper, Nordhoff really wanted to be a cabin boy on a US Navy ship going to China. <mask> first warned the lad that he'd end up as a "dirty, drunken old sailor," but relented at last, and intervened with Philadelphia Navy Yard commander, Commodore Jesse Elliot to get the boy a billet. Nordhoff's maritime and writing career was thereby launched. <mask> was one of the most popular public speakers of his era, often quoted and anthologized. In 1905 a veteran Pennsylvania journalist and politician, Alexander Kelly McClure, recalled <mask> as one of the shrewdest and most persuasive politicians of the period. In a book about the fraught history of religious freedom in the United States, the writer Steven Waldman recalled <mask> and his role in the nativist anti-Catholic agitation in the 1840s and 1850s.Referring to <mask>'s ostensible status as the first Jew elected to Congress, Waldman cited him for "proving that being part of a persecuted group does not necessarily bring sensitivity to the plight of other religious minorities." See also
List of Jewish members of the United States Congress
Lord George Gordon and the Gordon Riots

References

Further reading
 John A. Forman, "<mask> <mask>: Portrait of an American Demagogue," American Jewish Archives 12 (1960): 150–194. External links

WVU article
Florida International University
The Political Graveyard
The Philadelphia Bible Riots of 1844
New York Times Obituary of <mask><mask>, March 17, 1860

1808 births
1860 deaths
19th-century American newspaper editors
19th-century American politicians
19th-century male writers
American educators
American male journalists
American temperance activists
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Critics of the Catholic Church
Deaths in mental institutions
American duellists
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Lawyers from Charleston, South Carolina
Pennsylvania Know Nothings
Pennsylvania lawyers
People from Woodville, Mississippi
Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina
Religiously motivated violence in the United States
University of South Carolina alumni
19th-century American lawyers
Right-wing populism in the United States
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania

masks:
Lewis Charles Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Lewis Charles Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Lewis C
Lewis Levin
Eliza Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Lewis
Julia Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Lewis Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Charles Nordhoff
Lewis Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Lewis Charles
Levin
Lewis C
. Levin


title: Chris Beal

texts:
<mask> (born August 6, 1985) is an American mixed martial artist who formerly competed in the Bantamweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Background
<mask> wrestled at Ventura High School where he placed second at the state championship for freestyle wrestling and was a CIF champion. <mask> then attended Junior College for two years, one year at Moorpark College and one year at Ventura College. He started training MMA in 2006 after watching a high school friend compete in a mixed martial arts fight. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began his professional mixed martial arts career on July 3, 2009 against Andrew Dominquez at CA Fight Syndicate - Throwdown at the Showdown 1, where he won via decision. He then got a unanimous decision win against Vincent Martinez on October 2, 2009, at CA Fight Syndicate - Throwdown at the Showdown 2. BAMMA USA
<mask> made his BAMMA USA debut on August 20, 2011, facing Evan Esguerra at Badbeat 3.He won the fight via split decision. He then faced Jimmy Jones at Badbeat 4 on January 13, 2012. <mask> won the fight via split decision, extending his BAMMA record to 2–0. For his third fight in the promotion, <mask> faced Jose Morales at Badbeat 5 on March 16, 2012. He won via TKO due to elbows in the first round. In his next fight, <mask> took on Kana Hyatt on July 13, 2012, at Badbeat 6. He won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> then faced Shad Smith at Badbeat 7 on October 12, 2012. He won the fight via unanimous decision, and would subsequently take a hiatus to take part on The Ultimate Fighter. After his brief stint on The Ultimate Fighter, <mask> returned to BAMMA USA at Badbeat 12 taking on Keith Carson. He won via TKO in the second round. The Ultimate Fighter
On August 15, 2013, it was revealed that <mask> would take part in the 18th season of The Ultimate Fighter, with coaches Miesha Tate & UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion Ronda Rousey. In the first episode, <mask> faced Sirwan Kakai to get into the house, defeating him via unanimous decision after two rounds. <mask> was chosen as the first male pick for Team Rousey.In his second bout on the show, <mask> faced Team Tate's #1 pick <mask>. <mask> was submitted in the first round via guillotine choke. Ultimate Fighting Championship
Despite being eliminated early on the show, <mask> was signed by the UFC. He made his promotional debut on April 26, 2014 at UFC 172 taking on fellow newcomer Patrick Williams. <mask> won the fight via knockout due to a flying knee in the second round, which earned Performance of the Night honors. For his second bout with the promotion, <mask> was expected to face Rob Font on September 5, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 50. However, Font pulled out of the bout citing an injury.Subsequently, <mask> was briefly paired with Dustin Kimura at the event. In turn, Kimura also pulled out of the bout and was replaced by Tateki Matsuda. <mask> defeated Matsuda via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Neil Seery in a flyweight bout on January 24, 2015 at UFC on Fox 14. He lost the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. <mask> next faced <mask> on August 23, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 74. He lost the fight via split decision.<mask> was expected to face Norifumi Yamamoto in a bantamweight bout on June 18, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 89. However, Yamamoto was scratched from the bout on May 26 for an undisclosed injury. He was replaced by Joe Soto. He lost the back and forth fight via submission in the third round and was subsequently released from the promotion. Team Tate
| (airdate)
|align=center|1
|align=center|4:16
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
| Sirwan Kakai
| Decision (unanimous)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rousey vs. Team Tate
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1985 births
African-American mixed martial artists
American male mixed martial artists
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
Flyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing freestyle wrestling
Living people
Mixed martial artists from California
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Chris Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Chris Holdsworth
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Beal
Chris Kelades
Beal


title: Peter Brocco

texts:
<mask> (January 16, 1903 – December 20, 1992) was an American screen and stage actor. He appeared in over 300 credits, notably Spartacus (1960) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), during his career spanning over 60 years. Early years
<mask> was born in Reading, Pennsylvania. He was the son of Mr. and Mrs. <mask>. Career
<mask> acted on stage with the Walter Hampton Players. He debuted on Broadway in Centuries (1927); he also performed in The Merry Wives of Windsor (1938). <mask> appeared as a criminal type in several episodes of Adventures of Superman.He holds the distinction of having been killed off in two of them, a relative rarity for villains in the series. In the first, The Secret of Superman, he deduces that Kent is Superman, but is killed in a police shootout soon after. In The Clown Who Cried, he falls off a building and Superman is unable to save him. He also appeared as "The Spector" in The Phantom Ring, where the criminals developed a machine that can make them invisible. Finally, in that episode, he survives, albeit rather banged up by Superman. <mask> was also on two episodes of Combat!, "The Long Walk" in 1964 and "The Flying Machine" in 1966. He appeared as Claymare, an Organian council member, in the Star Trek episode "Errand of Mercy", which established the uneasy treaty of peace between the United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire.1969 he played a artist on the TV series Adam 12. <mask> displayed a comedic talent portraying <mask> Waiter for 8 episodes of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show on CBS during its 1955–1956 New York City season. <mask> played Colonel Matterson, a patient who used a wheelchair and had dementia, in the Academy Award-winning One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975). He also appeared as the patient in the hospital, Mr. Eagane, in the Happy Days 1974 episode "Hardware Jungle". In 1983 he played Ali MacGraw's father in the epic TV miniseries The Winds of War. <mask> lived for some 40 years in Laurel Canyon, in a 1920s Spanish style home on Laurel Canyon Blvd. near the Country Store.He had his ceramics studio in the ground floor, a source of income when he was blacklisted for a while during the red scare of the early 1950s. <mask> died from a heart attack in Los Angeles on December 20, 1992, aged 89. Selected filmography

 Roar of the Dragon (1932) as Wireless Operator
 Devil and the Deep (1932) as Wireless Operator
 Stand By All Networks (1942) as Cab Driver
 The Return of Monte Cristo (1946) as Clerk
 Alias Mr. Twilight (1946) as Brick Robey
 The Lone Wolf in Mexico (1947) as Emil
 The Swordsman (1948) as Groom
 The Argyle Secrets (1948) as Scanlon
 The Vicious Circle (1948) as Dr. Georges Samosch
 The Saxon Charm (1948) as Cyril Leatham
 The Gallant Blade (1948) as Sgt. Jacques – Cadeau's Servant
 The Countess of Monte Cristo (1948) as Hotel Desk Clerk
 The Boy with Green Hair (1948) as Bit Part
 Appointment with Murder (1948) as Giuseppe Donatti
 Boston Blackie's Chinese Venture (1949) as Rolfe
 The Undercover Man (1949) as Johnny
 Search for Danger (1949) as Morris Jason
 Susanna Pass (1949) as Coroner Carter
 The Lady Gambles (1949) as Horse Player
 Flaming Fury (1949) as E.V. (1969) as Old Man #1
 The Comic (1969) as Minister
 Gaily, Gaily (1969) as Swami
 A Time for Dying (1969) as Seth
 Johnny Got His Gun (1971) as Ancient Prelate
 What's the Matter with Helen? (1971) as Old Man
 Fuzz (1972) as Man with Garbage
 Papillon (1973) as Doctor
 The Killing Kind (1973) as Louise's Father
 Homebodies (1974) as Mr. Blakely
 One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) as Col. Matterson
 Raid on Entebbe (1976) as Mr. Scharf
 The One and Only (1978) as Autograph Hound
 Butch and Sundance: The Early Days (1979) as Old Robber
 Fighting Back (1982) as Donato
 Jekyll and Hyde...Together Again (1982) as Hubert Howes
 Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) as Mr. Mute (Segment #2)
 Money to Burn (1983) as Harry
 Throw Momma from the Train (1987) as Old Man
 The War of the Roses (1989) as Elderly Mourner
 Other People's Money (1991) as Garfield's Office Valet

References

External links

1903 births
1992 deaths
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male stage actors
20th-century American male actors
Actors from Reading, Pennsylvania
Male actors from Pennsylvania

masks:
Carl Peter Brocco
Brocco
Peter Brocco
Brocco
Brocco
Brocco
Brocco
Peter The
Brocco
Brocco
Death Brocco


title: G. Brint Ryan

texts:
<mask><mask><mask>, or G<mask>, is an American tax consultant and entrepreneur. His firm, Ryan LLC, is based in Dallas. <mask> is the chairman and chief executive officer of Ryan LLC, which advises companies on tax matters. As of 2017, the company was the largest indirect tax and property tax practice in North America and the seventh largest corporate tax company in the United States, with annual revenues of nearly $500 million. Early life and education
<mask> was born <mask> in Big Spring, Texas. He is a seventh-generation Irish American and his ancestors fought in the American Revolutionary War. His first job was a newspaper carrier for the Big Spring Herald.He also worked at Safeway Inc. sacking groceries. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees in accounting with an emphasis in taxation from the University of North Texas. He was inducted into the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity in 1983. <mask> became house corporation president of the Epsilon Delta Chapter at the University of North Texas. Career

Ryan LLC
<mask> worked at Coopers & Lybrand, now PricewaterhouseCoopers, as a public accountant in 1989. He founded Ryan LLC as a CPA firm in 1991. By the end of 1997, <mask> had helped to grow the company to 75 employees, added new offerings, and increased the number of clients outside of Texas.By 2010, the company had grown to 42 locations across North America and the United Kingdom and recovered nearly $1.5 billion for its clients. While serving as CEO and chairman of Ryan LLC, he has received numerous awards. In 2011, <mask> was named one of Texas Monthly's 25 Most Powerful Texans. Irish America honored him on its Business 100 list for Irish-American leaders in 2013 and 2015. In 2014, he won a Stevie award for Executive of the Year in Accounting. In 2017, <mask> received the Wings of Eagles Presidential Award from the University of North Texas for his impact on the University. That same year, he was also ranked number 44 in the Glassdoor Highest Rated CEO's Employee Choice Rankings for a large company, and was included in the Dallas 500 list of most powerful business leaders in Dallas by D Magazine, and Irish America's Wall Street 50 list.In 2018, <mask> was named as one of Dallas Business Journal's Most Admired CEOs in North Texas. In 2019, <mask> was selected for membership to the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc., a nonprofit educational organization honoring individual achievements and encouraging young people to pursue higher education. That same year, he was also named to the 2020 Dallas 500 List of Most Influential Business Leaders by D CEO Magazine. As of 2020, Ryan LLC has 74 locations, which includes operations in Singapore, Australia, Brazil, the United Kingdom and others, with an annual revenue of nearly $500 million. Settles Hotel Development Company
<mask> formed the Settles Hotel Development Company in 2006. He purchased the Settles Hotel in Big Spring, Texas for $75,000 and restored it. The restoration took six years and $30 million, opening in December 2012.<mask> used old photographs and blueprints to closely replicate the original design of the 15-story hotel. He also purchased four city blocks in Big Spring, including the Ritz movie theatre on Main Street and an old bus depot. <mask> is also involved in the planned restoration of the Baker Hotel in Mineral Wells, Texas. Public service and board appointments
<mask> serves on the executive committee of the board of directors of the Texas Association of Business, and the Texas Taxpayers and Research Association. He is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Institute for Professionals in Taxation, the Texas Society of Certified Public Accountants, and the Dallas Citizens Council. He is on the affiliate board of the Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas, the Junior League of Dallas Community Advisory Board, and the American Heart Association Board of Directors. He was appointed to serve on the Taxpayer Advisory Group by Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Susan Combs.<mask> is the vice president of the Pi Kappa Alpha Foundation. <mask> served on the advisory council for Habitat for Humanity in Dallas and Dream Dallas. <mask> was a contributing editor to the Guidebook to Texas Taxes in 2013. He was appointed to the Texas legislature commission examining state economic development efforts by Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst. He was appointed to the University of North Texas Board of Regents by Governor Rick Perry in 2009. <mask> has served as the chairman of the Board of Regents since 2013, and was reappointed to the position in 2015 by Governor <mask> for a term expiring in 2021. Under his Chairmanship, the UNT Board of Regents unanimously approved a partnership between the UNT Health Science Center and Texas Christian University in 2015 to form a new medical degree program in Fort Worth.<mask> oversaw the selection of UNT Chancellor Lesa Roe in 2017 following the announced retirement of UNT Chancellor Lee F. Jackson. In 2015, <mask> was appointed to the Tax Policy Advisory Board by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick. Politics
From 2000 through 2014, <mask> supported various political campaigns totaling more than $5 million, donating approximately $2.5 million to the Ryan Texas PAC, which has supported Texas politicians since 2000 and raised over $4.5 million towards their campaigns. <mask> co-founded a political action committee supporting Rick Perry's bid for the Republican presidential nomination in 2012. <mask> was chief fund-raiser for Governor Perry's presidential PAC. He also serves as finance chairman for all three super PACs supporting Perry's bid for the 2016 GOP presidential nomination which raised nearly $17 million. He and his wife have contributed over $4 million to state officials and political causes.He also belonged to the group TexasOne, which recommended companies for the governor to recruit for relocation to Texas. In 2015, <mask> was one of 56 business leaders selected by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick to provide recommendations to the Texas Legislature. As part of the selection, <mask> was named chairman of his Tax Policy Advisory Board. In 2016, <mask> contributed more than $83,000 to the Republican National Committee. During his presidential campaign, Donald Trump invited <mask> to advise him on tax policy. In October 2017, <mask> helped to organize an event for the Kuehne Speaker Series that brought Donald Trump Jr. to the University of North Texas. In November 2017, it was reported that <mask> would serve as the campaign treasurer for Lisa Luby <mask>'s campaign for the Texas House of Representatives.In April 2020, Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick appointed a business task force to bolster the economy in Texas, with <mask> appointed to chair the task force. Philanthropy
<mask> is a Garnet and Gold Donor for the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. He has donated over three million dollars to the University of North Texas including one million to the athletic department, and was the first member of the UNT Dallas Founders Circle. <mask> donated $1 million to Dallas Habitat for Humanity. He and his wife support the Amanda and G. Brint <mask> “Leaders of Tomorrow” scholarship for the University. <mask> is funding the majority of a private-public park project in Big Spring, Texas between the Hotel Settles and the Big Spring City Auditorium.In December 2017, <mask> and his wife donated $300,000 to the Museum of the American Railroad to fund a permanent model train exhibit. In February 2019, <mask> and his wife Amanda donated $30 million to the University of North Texas, the largest gift in university history. The donation will help develop the G. Brint Ryan College of Business, which will provide ongoing support for business research through academic endowments, as well as funds to support strategic program initiatives to ensure the college is one of the nation's top providers of business higher education. In April 2019, The Ryan Foundation acted as a benefactor for the West Texas Centers (WTC), helping the mental health and intellectual developmental disability (IDD) center build its new administrative headquarters in Big Spring, Texas. The new building will be known as the Amanda and G. Brint Ryan Center. This investment in WTC allows the relocation of the facility and its services into a new, state-of-the-art building with more than 15,000 square feet along 4th Street, between Johnson Street and Nolan Street. Personal life
<mask> is married to Amanda Sutton.The couple has five daughters and lives in Dallas, Texas. <mask> is an executive producer of a film about life in the West Texas oilfields in the late 1930s, The Iron Orchard. The film is based on a book of the same title by Tom Pendleton. References

University of North Texas alumni
American consulting businesspeople

masks:
George Brinton "
Brint
" Ryan
. Brint Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
George Brinton Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Greg Abbott
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan


title: Julius Watkins

texts:
<mask> (October 10, 1921 – April 4, 1977) was an American jazz musician who played French horn. Described by AllMusic as "virtually the father of the jazz French horn", <mask> won the Down Beat critics poll in 1960 and 1961 for Miscellaneous Instrument. Life and career
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States. He began playing the French horn when he was nine years old. <mask> began his career in jazz playing the trumpet in the Ernie Fields Orchestra from 1943 to 1946. By the late 1940s, he had played some French horn solos on recording sessions led by Kenny Clarke and Babs Gonzales. After moving to New York City, <mask> studied for three years at the Manhattan School of Music.He started appearing in small-group jazz sessions, including two led by Thelonious Monk, featuring on "Friday the 13th" on the album Thelonious Monk and Sonny Rollins (1954). <mask> recorded with many other jazz musicians, including John Coltrane, Freddie Hubbard, Charles Mingus, Miles Davis and Gil Evans, Phil Woods, Clark Terry, Johnny Griffin, Randy Weston, and with the Jazz Composer's Orchestra. He co-led, with Charlie Rouse, the group Les Jazz Modes from 1956 to 1959, and he toured with Quincy Jones and his band from 1959 to 1961. In 1969, <mask> played French horn for the beat poet Allen Ginsberg's album Songs of Innocence and Experience (1970), a musical adaptation of William Blake's poetry collection of the same name. Suffering from diabetes, liver and kidney problems, and chronic alcoholism, <mask> died from a heart attack in Short Hills, New Jersey, at the age of 55. From 1994 to 1998, an annual Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held in New York, beginning at the Knitting Factory,) honoring his legacy. After an eleven-year break, another Julius Watkins Festival was held on October 3, 2009, in Seattle, Washington, at Cornish College of the Arts.On September 29, 2012, the seventh Julius Watkins Jazz Horn Festival was held at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. Discography

As leader/co-leader
 <mask> Sextet, Vol 1 & 2 (Blue Note, 1954, 1955)
 French Horns for My Lady (Phillips, 1962)
With Charlie Rouse as Les Jazz Modes/The Jazz Modes
Jazzville Vol. (Mercury, 1959)
The Great Wide World of Quincy Jones (Mercury, 1959)
Q Live in Paris Circa 1960 (Quest, 1960 [1996])
The Birth of a Band! Vol. 2 (Mercury, 1959-60 [1984])
I Dig Dancers (Mercury, 1960)
Around the World (Mercury, 1961)
Newport '61 (Mercury, 1961)
The Great Wide World Of Quincy Jones: Live! (Mercury, 1961 [1984])
The Quintessence (Impulse!, 1962)
Big Band Bossa Nova (Mercury, 1962)
Quincy Jones Plays Hip Hits (Mercury, 1963)
Quincy Plays for Pussycats (Mercury, 1959-65 [1965])
With Thad Jones and Mel Lewis
Consummation (Solid State, 1970)
Suite for Pops (Horizon, 1975)
New Life (Horizon, 1976)
With Beverly Kenney
Come Swing with Me (Roost, 1956)
With Stan Kenton
Cuban Fire! (Verve, 1962)
With Oscar Pettiford
The New Oscar Pettiford Sextet (Debut, 1953)
 Oscar Pettiford (Bethlehem, 1954)
The Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi (ABC-Paramount, 1956)
The Oscar Pettiford Orchestra in Hi-Fi Volume Two (ABC-Paramount, 1957)
With Johnny Richards
Experiments in Sound (Capitol, 1958)
The Rites of Diablo (Roulette, 1958)
Walk Softly/Run Wild!

masks:
Julius Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Julius Watkins


title: Rose Kerr (art historian)

texts:
<mask> (born February 1953) is an English art historian specializing in Chinese art, especially Chinese ceramics, on which she has written a number of books. After studying Mandarin and Chinese art at the School of Oriental and African Studies (1971-75), she worked at the Percival David Foundation (1976-78). She joined the Far Eastern Department of the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1978. She became the Keeper of the Far Eastern Department in 1987, a post she held until her retirement in 2003. In 2015, she was made an honorary citizen of Jingdezhen, China, the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production, in recognition of her academic research on Jingdezhen ceramics, and her promotion of cultural exchange between the United Kingdom and China. She was the first non-Chinese citizen to be so honoured. Early life
<mask> was born in February 1953.She graduated in Chinese studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies in London, and was one of a handful of British students to live and study in China during the last year of the Cultural Revolution in 1975-1976. <mask> was Keeper of the Far Eastern Department at the Victoria & Albert Museum until her retirement in 2003. Her work with professor Nigel Wood, Science and Civilisation in China Vol. 5 Part 12: Ceramic Technology ( ) is a major contribution to the seminal series of works on Chinese science begun by Joseph Needham. The volume on Ceramic Technology is a work of almost one thousand pages. It synthesizes information derived from historic texts, archaeological excavation and the principles of ceramic science. It covers the formation of clays and their relation to the underlying geologies of China, firing, manufacturing methods and sequences, glazes, pigments and gilding, and the impact of Chinese ceramic technology around the world from the 7th century onwards.The volume was unique in its coverage, and is a definitive source book for researchers. Her book Later Chinese Bronzes, ( ), published by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1990, broke new ground in the study of Chinese bronzes, and remains an important work of reference. Based on the collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum, the book explored a subject which was at that time new to art history, namely the identification, dating and use of bronze vessels made in the Song-Qing dynasties. She is honorary associate of the Needham Research Institute at Cambridge University, and an honorary fellow at the University of Glasgow. She is a former chairman, and trustee, of the Great Britain-China Education Trust; a Trustee of the Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art; and Museum Expert Advisor for the Hong Kong Government. She is a former president of the Oriental Ceramic Society of London (2000-2003). <mask> visits Asia frequently and has undertaken sabbaticals at the National Palace Museum, Taipei, and the Shanghai Museum.She has taught at the universities of London, Sussex, Glasgow, and Oslo, and was a lecturer for the UK National Association of Decorative and Fine Art Societies for many years. Honours
In 2015, <mask> was created an honorary citizen of Jingdezhen, China, the historic centre of Chinese porcelain production, in recognition of her "outstanding contribution to academic research on Jingdezhen ceramics, and the promotion of cultural exchange between the UK and China", the first non-Chinese citizen to be so honoured. Selected publications

1980s
 Kiln Sites of Ancient China. Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 1980. (with P. Hughes Stanton)
 Guanyin: A Masterpiece Revealed. V & A Publications, London, 1985. (with John Larson)
 Chinese Ceramics: Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty.V & A Publications, London 1986. 1990s
 Later Chinese Bronzes. V & A Publications, London, 1990. Chinese Art and Design. V & A Publications, London, 1991. (Editor)
 Chinese Ceramics of the Middle Ming Period. Percival David Foundation, London, 1994.(with <mask>)
 英國維多利亞和阿薾伯特國立博物院藏中國清代瓷器 Qing Dynasty Ceramics in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Guangxi Fine Art Publishing House, Nanning, 1997. 2000s
 Blanc De Chine. Porcelain from Dehua. National Heritage Board, Singapore, 2002. (co-author)
 The World in Blue and White. An exhibition of Blue and White ceramics, dating between 1320 and 1820, from members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 2003. (co-author and editor)
 Science and Civilisation in China Vol.5 Part 12 : Ceramic Technology. Cambridge University Press, Needham Research Institute, 2004. Song Dynasty Ceramics. V & A Publications, London, 2004. The World in Colours. An exhibition of ceramics with coloured decoration dating from 700 to 1920 belonging to members of the Oriental Ceramic Society.The Oriental Ceramic Society, London, 2006. (co-author and editor)
 今之眎昔:宋代燿州窯及青白瓷 Song Through 21st Century Eyes: Yaozhou and Qingbai Ceramics. Meijering Art Books, Netherlands, 2009. 2010s
 Chinese Export Ceramics. V & A Publications, London, 2011. (with Luisa Mengoni) Chinese edition published by Shanghai Guji, 2013. East Asian Ceramics.The Laura Collection. Umberto Allemandi, Italy, 2012. (with Manuele Scagliola and Luisa Mengoni)
 "The Porcelain City": Jingdezhen in the Sixteenth Through Nineteenth Centuries" in William R. Sargent (ed.) Treasures of Chinese Export Ceramics from the Peabody Essex Museum. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2012. Chinese Ceramics in the Leonora and Walter F. Brown collection. San Antonio Museum of Art, 2014.(with John Johnson)
 Asian Art in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, 2014. (various authors)
 Asian Ceramics in the Hallwyl Museum. Stockholm, 2015. Tankards and Mugs. Drinking from Chinese Export Porcelain. Jorge Welsh books, London and Lisbon, 2016.(with Maria Antonia Pinto de Matos)
 Chinese Ivory Carvings. The Sir Victor Sassoon Collection. Scala Publishing, 2016. (with Phillip Allen and Shih Ching-fei)
   Marvels of Celadon : The Shan Shan Tang Collection of Yaozhou Wares, The Art Institute of Chicago, Hong Kong, 2019. (co-author)
   宜興紫砂陶的海外效應 Overseas Effect of Yixing Zisha-stoneware, Yixing Ceramic Museum, Yixing, 2018. (co-author)
   Preface to 'Jingdezhen to the World: The Lurie Collection of Chinese Export Porcelain from the Late Ming Dynasty' by Teresa Canepa
2019

2020's
   'Song Dynasty Ceramics' 2nd Edition, in English and Chinese, CA Publishing, Hong Kong, 2020
   'The Edrina Collection of Tang to Qing Export wares', Spring Field Consulting, 2020
   ' Dazzling Official Jun Wares from Museums and Collections around the World' ACC Art Books/CA Publishing 2021
   ' 虚中为用。中国陶瓷的永宣之美 Voids in Clay. The Enduring Beauty of Chinese Ceramics, 3MER Publishing, The Netherlands, 2022
''
   ' Yaozhou Wares from Museums and Art Institutes Around the World, including Yaozhou Tribute Wares'; ACC Art Books 2021

References

1953 births
Living people
English art historians
Women art historians
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Chinese art historians
Historians of East Asian art
British women historians

masks:
Rose Kerr
Rose Kerr
Career Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Rosemary Scott


title: Francis Osborne

texts:
<mask> (26 September 1593 – 4 February 1659) was an English essayist, known for his Advice to a Son, which became a very popular book soon after the English Restoration. Life
He was born, according to his epitaph, on 26 Sept. 1593, was fifth and youngest son of Sir <mask> of Chicksands Priory, Shefford, Bedfordshire, by his wife Dorothy, daughter and coheiress of Richard Barlee, esq., of Effingham Hall, Essex. Sir <mask> was son of <mask>. <mask> was educated privately at Chicksands. Coming to London as a youth, he hung about the court, and attracted the notice of William Herbert, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, who made him his master of the horse. Subsequently, he was for a time employed in the office of the lord treasurer's remembrancer, which was presided over successively by his father and his eldest brother Peter. In politics and religion he sympathised with the popular party in parliament; but, although a close observer of public life, took no active part in it.After residing for a time at North Fambridge, Essex, he removed about 1650 to Oxford, to superintend the education of his son, John, and there printed a series of historical, political, and ethical tracts. He married Anna, sister of William Draper,  colonel in the parliamentary army, and a parliamentary visitor of the university. They had three daughters, as well as one  son John, to whom his Advice to a Son was written. Through Draper's influence <mask> obtained a small official employment under the Commonwealth. After the publication of his Advice to a Son in 1656, he gained a wide reputation, and paid many visits to London, he reckoned the philosopher Thomas Hobbes among his friends. He died at Draper's house at Nether Worton, near Deddington, Oxfordshire, on 11 February 1659, and was buried in the church there. His son <mask> moved to Ireland,  where he became Prime Serjeant, and died there  in 1692.Advice to a Son
<mask>'s chief publication was his Advice to a Son, in two parts, of which the first was published in 1656, 'printed for H. Hath, printer to the university for Thomas Robinson,' and the second in 1658. The first part, which was divided into five sections, headed Studies, Love and Marriage, Travel, Government, and Religion, appeared without an author's name; it became popular at once, and after it had passed through five editions within two years <mask> declared himself the author. In 1658 the second part appeared, and he dedicated it under his own name to Draper, at the same time issuing a new edition of the first part, with his name on the title-page. The warnings against women with which he plied his son give the book a misogynist character, and it was ridiculed by John Heydon in his Advice to a Daughter, in opposition to Advice to a Son, 1658. A defence of <mask> appeared in Advice to Balaam's Ass, by Thomas Pecke, whom Heydon castigated in a second edition of his Advice to a Daughter, 1659. In <mask>'s day his Advice to a Son found admirers among the young scholars at Oxford, but the clergy detected atheism in its vague references to religion, and denounced its evil influence. On 27 July 1658 the vice-chancellor, John Conant, accordingly summoned the Oxford booksellers before him, and told them sell no more copies of <mask>'s book; but this direction caused the Advice, according to Anthony à Wood, to sell far more copies.At a later date Samuel Pepys studied it, and Sir William Petty told him that the three most popular books of his time were <mask>'s Advice, Thomas Browne's Religio Medici, and Samuel Butler's Hudibras. Jonathan Swift wrote of <mask> in The Tatler as one who affected the phrases in fashion at court in his day, and soon became either unintelligible or ridiculous. James Boswell found the Advice shrewd, quaint, and lively; but Samuel Johnson told Boswell that <mask> was conceited: "Were a man to write so now, the boys would throw stones at him." Other works
His Traditional Memoirs of the Reigns of Q. Elizabeth and King James I, 1658, supplies court gossip. This tract was reprinted by Sir Walter Scott in his Secret History of James I (Edinburgh, 1811). Other works by <mask> were: 1. A Seasonable Expostulation with the Netherlands, declaring their Ingratitude to and the Necessity of their Agreement with the Commonwealth of England, Oxford, 1652.2. Persuasive to mutual Compliance under the present Government, and Plea for a Free State compared with Monarchy, 1652. 3. Political Reflections upon the Government of the Turks, with 'discourses' on Machiavelli, Luther, Nero's death, and other topics, 1656. 4. Miscellany of sundry Essays, Paradoxes, Problematical Discourses, Letters, and Characters, together with political Deductions from the History of the Earl of Essex,' London, 1659. All these works were subsequently bound together, and entitled <mask>'s Works.The collective edition of 1673 was brought to the notice of the House of Lords on 13 March 1676, on the ground that its incidental vindication of a republican form of government in England rendered it a seditious and treasonable publication. Reissues followed in 1682 (8th edit. ), 1689 (9th edit. ), 1701 (10th edit. ), and 1722, in 2 vols. (11th edit.) To the last are prefixed a memoir of <mask> and many previously unprinted letters addressed by him to Colonel Draper between 1653 and 1658.<mask> has also been credited, apparently wrongly, with Private Christian's non ultra, or a Plea for the Layman's interpreting the Scriptures, Oxford, 1650, (anon. ); with A Dialogue of Polygamy (London, 1657), translated from the Italian of Bernardino Ochino by 'a person of quality', and dedicated to the author of the Advice;  and William Sprigge's A modest Plea for an equal Commonwealth against Monarchy. Works
 Advice to a Son (1656–1658)
 Political Reflections of the Government of the Turks
 Historical Memoires on the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James (1658)

Notes

References

1593 births
1659 deaths
English essayists
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers

masks:
Francis Osborne
John Osborne
John Osborne
Peter Osborne
Francis
Osborne
John Osborne
Francis Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne
Osborne


title: Enzo Petito

texts:
<mask> (24 July 1897 – 17 July 1967) was an Italian film and stage character actor. A theatre actor under Eduardo De Filippo in the 1950s in the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, with whom he was professionally closely associated, <mask> also appeared in several of his films, often co-starring Eduardo or/and brother, Peppino De Filippo, brothers who are considered to be amongst the greatest Italian actors of the 20th century. Petito played minor roles in some memorable commedia all'Italiana movies directed by the likes of Dino Risi and Mario Monicelli in the late 1950s and early 1960s, often appearing alongside actors such as Nino Manfredi, Alberto Sordi, Peppino De Filippo, Anna Maria Ferrero, and Totò. Although never a leading actor, he made a number of small appearances as character actors alongside Italy's leading film stars in films throughout the early to mid-1960s and is arguably best known in world cinema for his role as the store keeper in the Sergio Leone classic Spaghetti Western film The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966. His roles ranged from storekeepers and cobblers to priests and homeless men. His role of most esteem, however, is perhaps as Napoleon in Sergio Corbucci's comedy Chi si ferma è perduto in 1963. Biography
His great grandfather was <mask> (1822–1876), also a Neapolitan, who was an esteemed stage actor, known for his roles as a Pulcinella in the commedia dell'arte theatrical scene.His first role in film was in Esodo Pratelli's comedy, A che servono questi quattrini?, in 1942, playing a notary alongside Eduardo De Filippo, Peppino De Filippo and Clelia Matania. The film was based on a play by Armando Curcio and adapted for the screen by Mario Massa. This role was significant as <mask> was later part of the successful theater company "La Scarpetta", at the Teatro San Ferdinando of Naples, which was directed by Eduardo De Filippo, and he featured alongside actors on stage such as Ugo D'Alessio, Pietro De Vico and Franco Sportelli throughout the 1950s. It is Eduardo De Filippo indeed which <mask> <mask> is most associated professionally with. In 1954, <mask> portrayed a boatswain in Luigi Capuano's Ballata tragica alongside Teddy Reno, Beniamino Maggio, Nando Bruno and Tina Pica. This was followed by a small role in Mario Mattoli's comedy Poverty and Nobility, which featured Totò as the central character and also starred Sophia Loren. In 1956, <mask> again appeared alongside Tina Pica in Siro Marcellini's Ci sposeremo a Capri, in a cast which also included Franco Sportelli, <mask> Turco, Lia Cancellieri and Franco Angeli.In 1959, <mask> then portrayed Giovanni in the film Sogno di una notte di mezza sbornia,  under his regular theatrical director Eduardo De Filippo who also starred as the main character in the film, with Pupella Maggio, Pietro De Vico, Graziella Marina and Nina De Padova supporting <mask> and De Filippo. Later in 1959, Petito starred as a shoemaker in Dino Risi's Il vedovo, alongside Alberto Sordi, Franca Valeri, Livio Lorenzon and Nando Bruno. In 1960, <mask> again featured under director Dino Risi in his comedy picture of that year, Il Mattatore, alongside Vittorio Gassman, Dorian Gray and previous co-stars Peppino De Filippo and Anna Maria Ferrero. However, <mask>'s role as "Il cavalier Pizzola-to" went uncredited. The film was nominated for best film at the 10th Berlin International Film Festival. Then, in 1961, <mask> appeared in Vittorio de Sica's comedy The Last Judgement, (Il giudizio universale). On set <mask> was around prominent actors such as Alberto Sordi, Vittorio Gassman, Nino Manfredi, Paolo Stoppa and Jack Palance.Later in 1961, Petito starred alongside Gérard Blain, Paola Borboni, Miranda Campa and Anna Maria Ferrero in Carlo Lizzani's L'oro di Roma. In 1962, <mask> starred in five films. He played a small role as Galliano Rubinace, Rossella's Father in Luciano Salce's drama picture La cuccagna alongside Donatella Turri, Luigi Tenco and Umberto D'Orsi, Padre Guardiano in Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia's I quattro monaci alongside Peppino De Filippo, Aldo Fabrizi and Nino Taranto, and also had roles in Renato Polselli's war drama Ultimatum alla vita, Luigi Zampa's comedy Roaring Years, and also portrayed a homeless man in Marcello Baldi's thriller Il criminale, again appearing opposite Jack Palance. In 1963, <mask> portrayed perhaps his role of most esteem as Napoleon in Sergio Corbucci's comedy Chi si ferma è perduto, also starring
Totò, Peppino De Filippo, and Aroldo Tieri. In 1965, Petito played The Usher in segment "4 'Cittadini, stato e chiesa', episode 1" of Made in Italy and then starred in Io, io, io... e gli altri in 1966 which featured Gina Lollobrigida, Walter Chiari, Nino Manfredi and Marcello Mastroianni, amongst others. His final role in cinema was as the feeble, helpless storekeeper in The Good, the Bad and the Ugly who is abused by the bandit Tuco Benedicto (Eli Wallach) and robbed. Petito utters lines such as "Colt, Remington, Smith & Wesson" and "It's all I have" with a sad expression on his face and Tuco memorably places the store's closed sign in Petito's mouth as he departs as a gesture to keep quiet.Filmography
A che servono questi quattrini? (1942) – Notary
Poverty and Nobility (1954)
 Tragic Ballad (1954)
Ballata tragica (1954) – Nostromo
Ci sposeremo a Capri (1956) – The Police Commissioner
Il vedovo (1959)
Sogno di una notte di mezza sbornia (1959) – Giovanni
Il Mattatore (1960) – Il cavalier Pizzola-to (uncredited)
Who Hesitates is LostChi si ferma è perduto (1960) -Napoleon
The Last Judgement (1961)
L'oro di Roma (1961)
Ultimatum alla vita (1962)
Roaring Years (1962)
Il criminale (1962) – homeless man
La cuccagna (1962) – Galliano Rubinace, Rossella's Father
I quattro monaci (1962) – Padre Guardiano
Made in Italy (1965) – The Usher (segment "4 'Cittadini, stato e chiesa', episode 1")
Io, io, io... e gli altri (1966)
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1966) – Mr. Milton, the guileless store keeper robbed by Tuco (final film role)

References

Bibliography

External links

Italian male film actors
Italian male stage actors
Male Spaghetti Western actors
Male actors from Naples
1897 births
1967 deaths

masks:
Enzo Petito
Petito
Antonio Petito
Petito
Enzo
Petito
Petito
Petito
Enzo
Petito
Petito
Petito
Petito
Petito
Petito
Petito
Petito


title: Louis Dio

texts:
General <mask> (born October 14, 1908 in Vannes, died June 15, 1994 in Toulon), was a French army general. Biography
After studying at the Collège Jules Simon between 1914 and 1925, he was accepted at age 18 at the French military academy of Saint-Cyr. Upon his graduation from the military academy and commissioning as an officer in 1928, Second Lieutenant <mask> was assigned to the 18th Senegalese Infantry Regiment (Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais, RTS) based in southern Tunisia. The young Breton officer promptly adapted to and embraced the austere desert lifestyle of the Tiralleurs. He perfected his knowledge of Arabic, the study of which he had undertaken at Saint-Cyr, and was also introduced to local African dialects. He chose to serve with the French Camel-mounted Troops (Méharistes), whose distinctive military culture was characterized by a nomadic existence in order to remain in permanent contact with the local populations. He immersed himself completely in this lifestyle, as evidenced, for example, by the customary, "beautiful tattoos that went down to the fingers of his hands” he had drawn on his arms.Before the Second World War, apart from two brief stays in mainland France, he served three times in the most desolate and underdeveloped areas of the Sahara. From 1929 to 1933, he was posted north of Timbuktu in Arwan, French Sudan (present-day Mali). In 1933, he took command of the Groupe Nomade d’Arouan while still a lieutenant. He was cited for having successfully fought against looters at El Ksaib in 1932. Promoted to captain, he served from 1934 to 1937 in the Nema region, in the south-east of Mauritania. He commanded the Groupe Nomade du Hodh. In June 1935, he led a reconnaissance of more than 2,000 kilometers in inhospitable and previously unexplored areas of Nema.In 1938, he was assigned to northern Chad where he took command of the Groupe Nomade du Tibesti. Conversant in their language, he immersed himself in the local society and befriended the traditional chiefs. He became a confidant to Bey Ahmed, the spiritual leader of the Senoussis, as well as to the "Alifa" of Mao, who had authority over all the Kanem region. He maintained very close relations with them, and, in an unusual and unprecedented arrangement for a Roman Catholic officer of the French army, was authorized to sign "canouns"(legally binding judgments) rendered within the framework of Muslim civil law. When the war broke out, he was tasked with organizing a detachment of the Senegalese Infantry Regiment of Chad (Régiment de Tirailleurs Sénégalais du Tchad, RTST), destined to be sent as reinforcements to mainland France. <mask> was taken unaware by the armistice of June 1940, which was concluded while he was awaiting the transport which was to repatriate him to France in Douala, Cameroon. On August 27, 1940, he was the first French officer to join Colonel Leclerc who had been sent from London by De Gaulle to rally the troops of the French Colonial Empire.With the active participation of the unit commanded by Captain <mask>, Leclerc would seize Douala and then Yaoundé. With Gabon not willing to submit to Free France, <mask> was put in charge of the column which departed from Cameroon and seized Mitzic then Lambaréné, on November 5, 1940. Appointed major at the end of 1940, he was called to Chad by Leclerc. His comprehensive knowledge of the human and geographical environment of the north of this country, which was in contact with the forces of the Axis, was invaluable to Leclerc. Together they took the Italian fort at Kufra in Southern Libya on March 1, 1941. This was the first combat victory for the French army in World War II. Leclerc swore his famous "Kufra oath" there after the Italian defeat, pledging to continue the fight until the Tricolor again flew over Strasbourg Cathedral.During the fighting, Major <mask> was seriously injured while carrying out a night grenade assault on an Italian position. He was subsequently made a Companion of the Liberation by the head of Free France (decree of 7.12.1941). In 1942, he commanded the main unit of the Leclerc Column in the Fezzan, and gave the following instructions to his European troops: "the natives of Fezzan are our future citizens... the natives will be respected in their person and their property". At the beginning of 1943, with "Force L", he was first to enter Tripoli alongside British troops(January 26, 1943). In the summer of 1943, then a colonel, he took command of the Chadian Infantry (Marching) Regiment (Régiment de Marche du Tchad, RMT) which had recently been established and organized in Morocco by General Leclerc. In August 1944, he landed with this unit in Normandy and participated in the liberation of France within the 2nd (French) Armored Division, as commander of the Tactical Group Dio (Groupe Tactique Dio, GTD). He entered Paris on August 25, 1944 and subsequently continued to pursue the eastward offensive into Lorraine and Alsace.When he liberated Strasbourg on November 23, 1944, Leclerc said to him, "This is it, old Dio. Now we can both croak". The Tactical Group Dio ended the war in Berchtesgaden where, in early May 1944, its units were part of the conquest of Hitler’s Eagle’s Nest. In June 1945, faithful among the faithful, Colonel <mask> was personally chosen by General Leclerc to succeed him as commander of the 2nd (French) Armored Division. In October of the same year, at age 37, he became the youngest brigadier general in the French army. From 1946 to 1950, he commanded French forces in the territories of southern Tunisia, before serving in the Far East from 1950 to 1952 as commander of the land forces of Cambodia. Promoted to major general in 1955, he assumed command of the armed forces of the defense zone of French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon.He was opposed to the then  emerging operational doctrine of "revolutionary war" espoused by many high-ranking officers of the French army, because of the "psychological methods" which it incorporated. He believed such methods were neither relevant to nor likely to be successful in confronting "individuals with reflexes conditioned by a feudal or tribal sense of political and social relations and by an innate respect for absolute authority". <mask>, who had learned to love and respect the African peoples by sharing their lives during his years as méhariste, believed that this new doctrine of counter-revolutionary warfare, derived from the French experience of war in Indochina, was not applicable to Africans still steeped then in their ancient traditions. Considered to be the "conscience of the Colonial corps", he was appointed in 1961, as chief of the General Staff of the Land Forces Stationed Overseas, a temporary organization created to undertake the military planning needed in the era of the independence of the new African states. The main heads of state of French-speaking Africa relied on consultations with General <mask> for assistance and support in the establishment of their new armed forces. From 1962 to 1969, his military responsibilities now less burdensome, he agreed to assume the presidency of the Association of Free French at the request of General de Gaulle. On July 6, 1962, he gave the eulogy for General Edgard de Larminat at his funeral.In 1965, he was promoted to the rank of general of the army and assumed duties as Inspector General of the Army. General <mask>, having reached the statutory age limit for military service, was placed on the retired list of the cadre of general officers in 1969 and thereupon retired to Toulon. He led a simple and discreet life, never looking back on his past and seeking neither honors nor glory, as evidenced by his will, in which he specified: "I essentially want to be buried like an anonymous soldier, which I have never ceased being throughout my life in the deepest recesses of my heart". He died in 1994 and was buried in private, according to his wishes, in the Colonial officers' section of Toulon cemetery, where he rests in perpetuity with his brothers in arms. On July 1, 2010, the RMT (régiment de marche du Tchad), of which he had been the first commander, occupied the garrison at Colmar-Meyenheim Air Base 132, which was renamed Quartier Colonel Dio in his honor. References

External links
 Portrait of <mask> on the site of the Order of the Liberation (French)
 Fondation Maréchal Leclerc de Hautecloque (French)

1908 births
1994 deaths

masks:
Louis Dio
Dio
Dio
Dio
Dio
Dio
Louis Dio
Dio
Dio
Louis Dio
Louis Dio