title: Doug Bereuter

texts:
<mask> (born October 6, 1939) is an American retired politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. He served in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 until 2004. He also served as the president and CEO of The Asia Foundation from 2004 to 2011 and is a member of the ReFormers Caucus at Issue One. <mask> is a member of the Republican Party. Early life and education
<mask>, a fifth generation Nebraskan, was born in York, Nebraska, and was reared in Utica, Nebraska, attended its Lutheran and public schools before graduating from Utica High School in 1957. He attended the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, where he was a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, with election to Phi Beta Kappa, and Sigma Xi, before graduating in 1961 with a B.A. and as a Distinguished Military Graduate.He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Design from 1961 to 1963, receiving its M.C.P. degree. From 1963 to 1965 he served as an counter-intelligence officer in the U.S. Army, with the 1st Infantry Division. After intervening public and private sector employment, from 1972-1973 he attended Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, receiving the M.P.A. degree. Career
Bereuter worked as an urban planner with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development from 1965 to 1966. He was a division director for the Nebraska Department of Economic Development from 1967 to 1968, and from 1968 to 1970 he was director of the Nebraska Office of Planning & Programming and the State’s Federal-State Relations Coordinator.After the 1970 election defeat of Nebraska’s Republican governor, Norbert T. Tiemann, Bereuter worked as an independent city and regional planning consultant in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain West and as a part-time associate professor in the graduate planning programs of both Kansas State University and the University of Nebraska. After his congressional service, <mask> was active in public service as a long term board member of the Arbor Day Foundation and the Nebraska Community Foundation, on supporting food security and agricultural development in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia with the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, where he is a Distinguished Fellow, and for seven years as a member of the State Department’s International Security Advisory Board. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Affairs and the World Affairs Council of Northern California. Political career

After defeating an incumbent state senator in his home district, <mask> served in the Nebraska Legislature from 1975 to 1979. He was a member of the Nebraska Legislature's appropriations committee. As a Republican congressional candidate in the 1978 General Election, <mask> received 58.13% of the vote and was elected to serve Nebraska's 1st Congressional District in the U.S. House of Representatives. He was subsequently re-elected 12 times, never winning less than 59% of the vote.His 26 years in the House was the longest for a Nebraska congressman, exceeded only by the combined House and Senate service of both George W. Norris and Carl Curtis. He announced that he would not seek re-election for a 14th term, and retired from the U.S. House of Representatives on August 31, 2004 to immediately become the president and CEO of The Asia Foundation, where he served until retirement at the beginning of 2011. After his initial assignments on the House Interior & Insular Affairs Committee and the Small Business Committee, Bereuter served 22 years on both the House Foreign Affairs and Banking or Financial Services Committees. As a leading member of the Foreign Affairs Committee, he served as its Vice Chairman and as Chairman of its Asia-Pacific and Europe Subcommittees. He also served on the Economic Policy & Trade and Human Rights Subcommittees of the Foreign Affairs Committee. On the Banking Committee, he served for 16 years as Chairman or ranking minority member of its International Financial Institutions Subcommittee. <mask> also served a total of nearly 10 years on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, retiring as its Vice Chairman.Additionally, <mask> served his last three terms on the Transportation & Infrastructure Committee; and he served on the House Select Committee on Hunger for the entire period of its existence. Some of <mask>'s additional congressional responsibilities included service as a congressional delegate to the United Nation’s 42nd General Assembly, as the founding Co-Chairman of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, and as Chairman of the Speaker’s Task Force to Monitor and Report on the Transition Hong Kong (1996-2002). Additionally, he served on the U.S. Presidential Commission on Security and Economic Assistance (1983-1984) and on the U.S. Presidential Commission on Agricultural Trade and Export Policy (1985-1986). <mask> also chaired the House delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly for ten years, retiring after two years as its president. For his work on European and NATO expansion issues, he was the recipient of decorations from the governments of Bulgaria, Lithuania, and Romania. He also had leadership roles in parliamentary exchanges with the European Parliament, Japan, Korea, China, and the United Kingdom. Among the bills that Bereuter authored was the Bunning-Bereuter-Blumenauer Flood Insurance Reform Act of 2004.He also was co-author of the Bereuter-Levin Amendment, which made possible the passage of the act granting Permanent Normal Trading Relations with China. He was also responsible for starting the USAID Farmer-to-Farmer technical assistance program, which has taken thousands of American volunteers abroad. At the end of his congressional service, that program was named for him, along with a Farmers Home Administration program he authored to provide a home loan guarantee program for residents of small communities. <mask> generally had a moderate voting record. His lifetime American Conservative Union rating was 63. His speech at a Nebraska Republican Party meeting in 1998 underscored his moderate political approach and drew national attention when he urged the party to adopt a big tent policy by welcoming membership to people of any religious background through its practices and policies. In 2004, <mask> endorsed state Senator Curt Bromm, Speaker of the Nebraska Legislature, as his successor in the U.S. House of Representatives.From a field of seven Republican candidates in Nebraska's Primary Election, Senator Bromm came in second behind Jeff Fortenberry after the Club for Growth made a large, last minute campaign contribution to defeat him. Shortly before he left Congress, <mask> released a statement calling the Iraq War, which he had previously supported, "a mistake," and strongly criticized a "massive failure" of pre-war intelligence. References

External links

 Voting record maintained by the Washington Post
 President of the Asia Foundation

1939 births
Cooperative organizers
Living people
People from York, Nebraska
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
Military personnel from Nebraska
Nebraska state senators
Nebraska Republicans
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
American Lutherans
United States Army officers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
21st-century American politicians
People from Seward County, Nebraska

masks:
Douglas Kent Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Doug Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter
Bereuter


title: Józef Hecht

type: original

texts:
<mask> (December 14, 1891 – June 19, 1951), also known as <mask>, was a printmaker and painter. Born and educated in Poland, he made Paris his base from 1920. Trained in classical engraving techniques, <mask> was a founder of "Atelier 17", and had a profound influence on 20th-century printmakers. Career
Born in Łódź, Poland, in 1891, <mask> studied at the Art Academy of Kraków from 1909 to 1914. On completion of his studies in Kraków, <mask> visited museums throughout Europe. The outbreak of World War I found him in Berlin. Due to the fact that he had done his studies in the Austrian zone in Poland and thanks to prizes obtained at the Académie des Beaux-Arts, <mask> was given the option of going to neutral Norway, where he lived from 1914 to 1919.Immediately following the armistice, <mask> traveled to Italy; and two years later to Paris, where he maintained his studio until his death. At this time <mask> became a member of the Salon d'Automne, thereby gaining an entrée into the Parisian art world and a chance to exhibit his work on a regular basis. At his Paris studio, he taught burin-engraving - the classic copper-engraving technique - to many artists, including British surrealist painter and printmaker Stanley William Hayter, South African-born British painter and printmaker Dolf Rieser. The year 1926 was a turning point in <mask>'s career and heralded the most successful period of his life. He published his first suite of six prints, l'Arche de Noë, which included a preface by the French symbolist Gustave Kahn and was exhibited in December that year at the Paris gallery Le nouvel essor. <mask>'s future collaborator, mystical narrator André Suarès, wrote a laudatory catalogue article. The images that Hecht developed at this time found renewed vigor in 1928 when Suarès and <mask> collaborated on the folio, Atlas.In Atlas <mask> began to re-combine images and forms he had previously studied—a working method that he refined throughout his life. In 1927 <mask>'s encouragement of Hayter's printmaking activities led to the establishment of Atelier 17, a cooperative printmaking studio,  which endures to this day in Paris as Atelier Contrepoint. The "Atelier" influenced artists Pablo Picasso, Marc Chagall, Alberto Giacometti and others. In 1929 <mask> became a founding member of the group, La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine, which staged annual group shows and was influential in keeping the spirit of printmaking alive. Hecht also associated with members of Les Peintres-Graveurs Indépendants, founded in 1923 by J. E. Laboureur and Raoul Dufy. It is doubtful that Hecht knew each member of these groups, but it is probable that he was familiar with their work and they with his, and that this provided an opportunity for the exchange of techniques, subjects, and ideas. Hecht was an intermediary between the avant-garde artists of Atelier 17 and more traditional printmakers.Between 1926 and 1938 <mask>'s engravings were published in various collections (see Chronology), his work was widely shown, and it gained critical acclaim. <mask> won two gold medals at the 1937 Paris World's Fair. Later career and death
Of Jewish descent, <mask> left Paris before the start of World War II to live in the Savoy region near the Swiss-Italian border, where he worked as an agricultural laborer. After the war <mask> returned to Paris. Hayter, who had moved Atelier 17 to New York City for the duration of the war, returned to Paris and found his old friend in poor health and out of work. To encourage <mask> to take up engraving again, Hayter brought a large copper plate to <mask>'s studio and began working on it. <mask> could not resist, and together they produced the collaborative print, "La Noyee".With renewed enthusiasm, <mask> began producing numerous engravings, while also developing new methods for printing in relief. <mask> died of a heart attack in his Paris studio on 19 June 1951. Chronology
1891	Born on 14 December in Lodz, Poland. 1909	Enters the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Kraków, Poland. 1914	Graduates from the Académie des Beaux-Arts. Following graduation, travels in Europe, visiting museums, spends a brief period studying in Berlin, then goes to Norway at the outbreak of World War I. 1917	Exhibition at Christiania, Norway.1918	Exhibitions in Oslo and Bergen, Norway. 1919	Travels to Italy. 1920	Moves to Paris. Becomes a member of the Salon d'Automne and begins to exhibit with them. 1921	Begins to exhibit at the Salon des Indépendents. Exhibition at Washington, D.C.
1923	Exhibitions in Philadelphia, at the Salon des Tuileries and the Galerie Le Nouvel Essor, Paris. 1926	Publishes l'Arche de Noë, a suite of six engravings with a preface by Gustave Kahn; l'Eubage aux Antipodes de l'Unité, five engravings with prose by Blaise Cendrars.Exhibitions at Galere Berthe Weil, Paris, and at Galerie Le Nouvel Essor, Paris. Meets Stanley William Hayter. 1927	Helps Hayter establish Atelier 17, Paris. Writes an unpublished treatise on engraving. 1928	Publishes Atlas, a suite of six engravings with a poem by André Suarès. Exhibitions in The Wanamaker Galleries, New York, and at Lodz, Poland. 1929	Publishes Croquis d'Animaux, ten engravings.Exhibition at Gallery Georges, London. Founding member of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1930	Exhibition at Galerie Berthe Weil, Paris. 1931 	Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1932 	Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1933 	Publishes Paris, a suite of eleven engravings. Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine.Exhibition in San Francisco. 1934	Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1935 	Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1936 	Exhibition of La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine. 1937 	Wins two gold medals at the International Exposition, Paris. 1938 	Publishes Nouveaux Croquis d'Animaux, ten engravings. Begins work on London suite while visiting his sisters.Exhibitions in Johannesburg and Pretoria, South Africa. 1939 	Exhibits in group show at Petit-Palais, Paris. 1941	Exhibition in Paris. 1941–1945 Works as an agricultural laborer in the Savoy region of France. Without access to a press, all work takes the form of drawings or paintings. 1944 	Exhibition at Galerie Denise René, Paris. 1946 	Resumes printmaking at the urging of Hayter.1949 	Invents a new relief printing process. 1950 	Publishes Quelques Aventures de Maitre Renart, with engravings. 1951 	Dies of a heart attack in his studio in Paris, 19 June. Posthumous Exhibitions
1952 La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine, Paris. 1959 Bazalel Museum, Jerusalem. 1966 Galerie Berie, Paris. 1968 Municipal Library, Mulhouse, France.1969 Lumley Cazalet, Gallery, London. 1985 Dolan/Maxell Gallery, Philadelphia. 1998 Arsène Bonafous-Murat, Paris. Public Collections
Bibliothèque Doucet;
Bibliothèque Nationale;
British Museum;
Brooklyn Museum;
Cabinet d' Amsterdam;
Caterby Jones Collection;
Chalcographie du Louvre;
Cincinnati Museum of Art;
Delft Museum;
Hague Museum;
Leeds Museum;
Leyde Museum;
Library of Congress;
Metropolitan Museum of Art;
Musée d'Amiens;
Musée des Ars Décoratifs, Paris;
Musée de Belfort;
Musée Carnavalet;
Musée de Céret;
Museum of Copenhagen;
Musée du Luxembourg;
Musée de Montpelier;
Musée de Mulhouse;
Musée de Nantes;
Musée du Petit-Palais;
Museum of Tel-Aviv;
National Gallery of Art, Washington;
New York Public Library;
Philadelphia Museum of Art;
University of Warsaw;
Victoria and Albert Museum. Bibliography
Books:
 Adhémar, Jean; Lethève, Jacques; and Gardey Fraçoise. Inventaire du Fonds Françis après 1800-Vol. 10.Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale, 1958. Bersier, Jean-Eugène. La Gravure. Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1963. Black, Peter; and Moorhead, Desiree, The Prints of Stanley William Hayter: A Complete Catalogue. Mount Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell Ltd., 1992. Gross, Anthony.Etching, Engraving and Intaglio Printing. London: Oxford University
Press, 1973. Hayter, Stanley William. New Ways of Gravure. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. Hayter, Stanley William. About Prints.London: Oxford University Press, 1962. Tonneau-Ryckelynck, Dominique; and Plumart, Roland, <mask> 1891-1951: Catalogue Raisonné de l’Oeuvre Gravé. Paris: Editions de Musée de Gravelines, 1992. Roger-Marx, Claude. French Original Engravings from Manet to the Present Time. New
York: Hyperion Press, 1939. Periodicals:
Hopkinson, Martin."Two Bookplates by <mask>", Print Quarterly, XXVIII, 2011, 448-50. Buckand-Wright, John. "Modern French Engraving," Studio, CXXXVIII (December,
1949), 177-181. Descargues, Pierre. "<mask>," Evidences, (September–October, 1951), 39-41. Descargues, Pierre. "Contemporary Artists-<mask>," ARTS, (15 September 1951)."<mask> à la galerie Bernier," Les nouvelles de la Bibliothèque Nationale, (1985). Kahn, Gusrave. "Les arts-<mask>," Menorah, (1926), 286. Laboureur, J. E. "The Revival of the Burin in France," Creative Art, V (December,
1929), 881-84. Lévy-Gurman, Anny. "Le Animaux de Joseph Hecht," Art et Décoration, LXI
(February, 1934), 44-48. Roger-Marx, Claude."Contemporary French Prints," Parnassus, IX (February 1937),
15+. Schwab, Raymond. "Souvenirs sur Hecht," ARTS, (7 December 1951). Suarès, André. "Atlas-Gravure de Joseph Hecht," Montparnasse, No. 52 (July–August,
1928), 1, 3. Catalogues:
 Bonafous-Murat, Anne.<mask> 1891-1951 Gravures. Paris: Arsène Bonafous-Murat, 1998. Gravures et Livres de <mask>. Mulhouse: Bibliothèque Municipale de Mulhouse,
1968. Moser, Joan. Atelier 17. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1977.Roosevelt, Michael A. <mask>. Philadelphia: Dolan/Maxwell Gallery, 1985. Suarès, André. l'Ymagier de l'Arche. Paris: Le Nouvel Essor, 1926. Notes

External links
Reuben and Edith Hecht Museum, University of Haifa
History of Engraving, Museum of Modern Art
Artists Who Have Worked at Atelier 17 (1927-1955)

1891 births
1951 deaths
20th-century engravers
Polish engravers
Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts alumni
20th-century printmakers
Atelier 17 alumni

masks:
Józef Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht
Joseph Hecht


title: Frank Thring

texts:
<mask> (11 May 1926 – 29 December 1994) was an Australian character actor in radio, stage, television and film; as well as a theatre director. His early career started in London in theatre productions, before he starred in Hollywood film, where he became best known for roles in Ben-Hur in 1959 and King of Kings in 1961. He was known for always wearing black and styling his home in black decor. Early life

<mask> was born in Melbourne. Although sometimes referred to as <mask>., he was actually <mask> (or <mask>) IV. His forbears were Francis William Thring - 1812-1887, <mask> (known as <mask>) - 1858-1920; <mask> (known as <mask> or F.W<mask>) - 1882-1936.Thring was the son of F.W<mask> and Olive (née Kreitmeyer), and was educated at the Melbourne Grammar School. His father was the head of the theatrical firm J. C. Williamson's in the 1920s, and subsequently founded the theatre film production studio Efftee Studios in the 1930s, in Melbourne, Australia. He has been anachronistically claimed to have been the inventor of the clapperboard. <mask> Sr. was also a noted film producer (The Sentimental Bloke), and partner in the nationwide Australian theatre circuit Hoyts. <mask> Sr. died in July 1936 at the age of 53, when <mask> Jnr was 10 years old. <mask> said his earliest memory is of his mother standing on a stepladder in the foyer of the Regent Theatre in Melbourne, and arranging gladioli in the vases attached to the pillars.Career
His career spanned more than 45 years, much of it spent alternating between stage, film and television. Perhaps his most famous role was that of Pontius Pilate in Ben-Hur (1959) and Herod Antipas in King of Kings (1961). Radio
Thring's family operated Melbourne radio station 3XY, from the opening of the station in 1935. He commenced working at 3XY as both a thespian and radio announcer in 1941, as a young man of 15. His numerous jobs at the microphone included being Uncle <mask> in the children's session. Stage
He began acting in professional stage roles after his discharge from the Royal Australian Air Force in 1945. He made his British theatrical debut performing as Herod in Oscar Wilde's play Salome in 1954.Two years later, he played Sir Lancelot Spratt in Doctor in the House, which ran for 240 performances at the Victoria Palace in London. He was Saturninus in the Royal Shakespeare Theatre production of Titus Andronicus with Laurence Olivier, Vivien Leigh and Anthony Quayle. He also played Captain Hook opposite Peggy Cummins' Peter Pan. Among his other acclaimed stage roles were George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man, Captain Ahab in Orson Welles's Moby-Dick, Falstaff in Henry IV, Part 1, and Bertolt Brecht's Life of Galileo. Another stage role was in the musical Robert and Elizabeth opposite June Bronhill and Denis Quilley. Later in life he returned to the stage playing the butler in the Melbourne Theatre Company's production of The Importance of Being Earnest in 1988. His final stage appearance was in Humorists Read the Humorists at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 1992.Film
<mask> first appeared on screen as a child in the 1932 Australian film The Sentimental Bloke, directed by his father F.W<mask>. One of <mask>'s most well-known screen roles was as Pontius Pilate in Ben Hur (1959). He also appeared as Al-Kadir, Emir of Valencia in El Cid (1961). Thring was also awarded the Erik Kuttner Award for Acting (1965). In addition to these roles, Thring played a barrister in The Case of Mrs. Loring (1958), the usurping king Aella (Ælla of Northumbria) in The Vikings (1958) and Herod Antipas in King of Kings (1961). Thring is the only actor to portray on film both of the historical figures directly responsible for authorizing the crucifixion of Christ according to the Gospels.He played numerous glowering bad guys in Hollywood epics of the 1950s and 1960s. Back in Australia, he starred opposite James Mason and a young Helen Mirren in Michael Powell's film Age of Consent (1969), and appeared in two biographical films about famous bushrangers: Ned Kelly (1970) and Mad Dog Morgan (1976). He played suave gangsters in Alvin Rides Again (1974) and The Man from Hong Kong (1975). In his later years, his screen roles included the devilish Collector in Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985), and a comedic role as an Alfred Hitchcock-like film director in the horror movie spoof, Howling III (1987). Television
Thring's television credits include the Australian miniseries Against the Wind and Bodyline. He was also the recurring villain Doctor Stark who would use mischievous means in attempts to steal Skippy and other animals out of Waratah National Park in several episodes of Skippy the Bush Kangaroo. He also acted in commercials, particularly one in which he would glare at the camera saying "You do have your television licence.Don't you?". He had the lead roles in the 1959 ABC TV play Treason, and the 1962 ABC play Light Me A Lucifer. Personal life
Off-screen, <mask> was known for his flamboyant, often waspish, persona. He was featured in numerous TV commercials and guest-starring roles on popular weekly series, variety programs and quiz shows, often dressed in black funereal attire and other sinister costumes. However, his acting career was interrupted by bouts of alcoholism and periods of ill health. The interior of his house was featured in an Australian TV program and the walls were also black. <mask> was appointed 1982 King of Moomba, "this doyenne [sic] of film and theatre looked nothing short of majestic in his regal garb and riding on a thespian-inspired float".Thring was briefly married to actress Joan Cunliffe during the 1950s. The marriage ended in divorce. Joan lived in London, and was manager of both Rudolf Nureyev and Dame Margot Fonteyn. Thring was flamboyantly gay, but he wanted children and was greatly distressed when his marriage ended without issue. In 1994, <mask> died from oesophageal cancer, aged 68. He was cremated and his ashes scattered off the coast of Queenscliff, Victoria. A celebration of his life was held at the Victorian Arts Centre, Melbourne, in 1995.Filmography
The Vikings (1958) - Aella
A Question of Adultery (1958) - Mr. Stanley
The Flaming Sword (1958) - Gar
Dick and the Duchess -The Courtroom (1958 TV series) - Wembler
Treason (1959) - Karl Albrecht
Ben Hur (1959) - Pontius Pilate
King of Kings (1961) - Herod Antipas
El Cid (1961) - Al Kadir
Light Me a Lucifer (1962, TV Movie) - The Devil
Photo Finish (1965 TV movie) - Sam Kinsale
Hey You! Film . Radio . Television – Volume 1 – Ann Atkinson, Linsay Knight, Margaret McPhee – Allen & Unwin Pty. Ltd., 1996. The Australian Film and Television Companion – compiled by Tony Harrison – Simon & Schuster Australia, 1994. The Two Frank Thrings - Peter Fitzpatrick - Monash University Publishing, 2012.References

External links
 The <mask> Collection, at the Performing Arts Collection, Arts Centre Melbourne
 <mask>ing at liveperformance

1926 births
1994 deaths
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Male actors from Melbourne
People educated at Melbourne Grammar School
Australian gay actors
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia)
20th-century Australian male actors
Australian people of German descent
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II
20th-century LGBT people
Eccentrics

masks:
Francis William Thring
Thring
Frank Thring Jr
Francis William Thring
William Francis Thring
Francis William Thring
William Thring
William Frank Thring
Francis William Thring
. Thring
. Thring
Thring
Thring
Frank
Frank
Frankie
Thring
. Thring
Thring
Thring
Thring
Thring
Frank Ting
Frank Thr


title: Scram Jones

texts:
Marc Shemer, (born November 5, 1977), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a producer, DJ and rapper from New Rochelle, New York. He has produced music for Raekwon, Ghostface Killah, Styles P, Tragedy Khadafi, Jadakiss, Saigon, Dipset and Troy Ave. He has been featured in The Source magazine's "Unsigned Hype" column. <mask> is jewish. Career

Working as a DJ
After teaching himself how to scratch, mix, and blend, <mask> won second place in the 2003 East Coast Finals of Guitar Center's DJ Battles. <mask> then went on to receive three consecutive nominations for Best Mixtape Producer at the respected Justo Mixtape Awards. He also hosted his own weekly radio show called "The Chop Shop" for 4 years on the WICB radio station in New York.<mask> has since been DJing for Raekwon of Wu-Tang Clan, Kool G Rap, N.O.R.E., and Saigon. He has also performed in various clubs around the world and in New York. Working as a record producer
<mask>'s first break as a producer came with rapper Tragedy Khadafi. He served as A&R director for Tragedy's album Still Reporting and produced 4 tracks on the project, two featuring Havoc from Mobb Deep. He then went on to produce Jae Millz's first single "No, No, No" and its remix with rappers Cam'Ron and T.I., the Terror Squad single "Yeah, Yeah, Yeah" and Black Rob's single "Ready". He also produced Remy Ma's buzz single "Lights, Camera, Action". Other notable tracks include: Lloyd Banks' song "Work Magic" featuring Young Buck and The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Just a Memory" featuring Clipse. <mask> <mask> was nominated for a Grammy award for his production on the song "Your Girl" from Mariah Carey's multi-platinum album The Emancipation of Mimi. Working as an MC
As an emcee, <mask> released his first record "Liquid Heat" which gained underground buzz in 1999. In 2000, he helped start the first weekly open-mic show in NYC: "End of the Weak", where he performed on stage as both an MC and DJ. In 2001, <mask> won first place in Tommy Hilfiger's National Demo Contest. Hilfiger launched a national campaign featuring <mask> <mask>, providing a platform to promote his music. In 2002, <mask> was featured in The Source magazine's "Unsigned Hype".<mask> <mask> has appeared in various hip-hop magazines, such as XXL, Vibe, and Scratch Magazine. Additionally, he has worked with Pharrell on Latin artist Sergio Veneno's project. <mask> is currently managing Veneno and has helped to earn him a deal with Star Trak and Interscope. <mask> has also performed and collaborated with the multi-platinum Latin group Aventura. Discography (as lead artist)

Mixtapes
 2004: Loose Cannons
 2011: The Hat Trick
 2013: Dead Giveaway

Singles
 1999: "Liquid Heat"
 1999: "Shady 380 Lady"
 2004: "Bang Bang"
 2005: "Speed Demons"
 2005: "Speed Demons"
 2005: "12 Years Ago"
 2005: "64 Bit"
 2011: "Back in the Park"
 2011: "One September Day"
 2011: "Boom Bap Jones"
 2017: "NYC Driveby" (Feat. Uncle Murda, Dave East & Styles P)

Production discography

2003
Mareko - White Sunday
"Don't Need Protection" (featuring <mask> <mask> & Sadat X)

Tragedy Khadafi - Still Reportin'...
"Neva Die Alone Pt.2"
"The Code" (featuring Havoc of Mobb Deep & Littles)
"Fall Back" (featuring Havoc of Mobb Deep)
"Crying On The Inside"

2004
Lloyd Banks - The Hunger For More
"Work Magic" (featuring Young Buck)

X-Ecutioners - Revolutions
"Back To Back" (featuring <mask> <mask> & Saigon)

Terror Squad - True Story
"Yeah Yeah Yeah"

2005
Mariah Carey - The Emancipation of Mimi
"Your Girl"

Dipset - More Than Music, Vol. 1
"40th Boys"
"If Only You Believe"

Ras Kass - Institutionalized
"Shine" (featuring Vis A Vis)

Black Rob - The Black Rob Report
"Ready"

The Notorious B.I.G.- Duets: The Final Chapter
"Just A Memory" (featuring The Clipse)

2006
Remy Ma - There's Something About Remy
"Lights, Camera, Action"

Capone - Menace 2 Society
"No Problem"

Dipset - The Movement Moves On
"Yall Can't Live His Life"

N.O.R.E. 1
"Intro"

2011
Raekwon - Shaolin vs. Wu-Tang
"Last Train To Scotland" (featuring Lloyd Banks)
"Crane Style" (featuring Busta Rhymes)
"Kiss the Ring" (featuring Inspectah Deck & Masta Killa)

CF - Storm Mode
"Walk With Me" (CF Version)

2013
Raekwon - Lost Jewlry
"Prince of Thieves"
"Young Boy Penalties"
"Came Up"

Styles P - Float
All tracks

Raekwon & <mask> <mask> - The Chef vs The Beast
All tracks

Troy Ave - New York City: The Album
"Cigar Smoke" (featuring King Sevin)
"Hot Out"

2014
Sammy Adams - WIZZY
"Plate It"

Dave East - "Straight Outta Harlem"
Make A Dolla*

2015
Raekwon - "F.I.L.A. (Fly International Luxurious Art)"
"Nautilus"
"F.I.L.A. World" (Feat. 2 Chainz)
"4 In The Morning" (Feat. Ghostface Killah)
"Internationalism"

Jadakiss - "Top 5 Dead or Alive"
Rain* (Feat. Nas & Styles P)
Baby* (Feat.Dyce Payne)

Capone-N-Noreaga - "Lessons"
Foul 120* (Feat. Tragedy Khadafi & Raekwon)

2016
Termanology - Cameo King III
 "Labor Day" (featuring Action Bronson, Chace Infinite, Wais P, Rob White, & Freddie Gibbs) (* as rapper. Song was produced by Statik Selektah)

2017
Eminem - Revival
 "In Your Head"

2020
The Lox - Living Off Xperience
 "Bout Shit" (featuring DMX)

Unknown
Other songs:
Freeway - "Stand Up"
Peedi Crakk - "It Don't Stop"
Rhymefest - "Coming For You"
Kool G Rap - "This is How We Do NYC"
Ray Cash - "E-Room"

References

American DJs
Living people
Musicians from New Rochelle, New York
Scram Jones
Scram <mask>
1977 births
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Scram Jones
Scram Jones
Scram Jones
Scram
Scram
Scram
Scram
Jones
Scram
Scram
Scram
Jones
Scram
Scram
Jones
Scram
Scram
Scram
Jones
Scram
Jones
Scram
Jones
Jones


title: Willie O'Dea

texts:
<mask>'Dea ( ; born 1 November 1952) is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician who has been a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick City constituency since 2011, and previously from 1982 to 2011 for the Limerick East constituency. He has served as Minister for Defence from 2004 to 2010, and was a Minister of State in different departments from 1992 to 1994, and again from 1997 to 2004. He resigned as Minister for Defence due to a controversy over a defamation case. Early and private life
O'Dea was born in Limerick in 1952, but he was raised in Kilteely, County Limerick. He was educated at the Patrician Brothers College in Ballyfin, County Laois, and University College Dublin where he studied law. He qualified as a barrister at King's Inns, Dublin and as an accountant from the Institute of Certified Accountants. He worked as both a barrister and as an accountant before embarking on a career in politics.He also lectured in the law faculties of both University College Dublin and the National Institute of Higher Education, Limerick (now the University of Limerick). As a lecturer, he taught future cabinet colleague and Taoiseach Brian Cowen. O'Dea is married to Geraldine Kennedy. He writes regularly for the Sunday Independent and occasionally for other national newspapers. Early political career
O'Dea first held political office as a Fianna Fáil member of Limerick County Council. He served on that authority until 1992. He first stood for election to Dáil Éireann in Limerick East at the 1981 general election, but was unsuccessful.He was elected to the Dáil on his second attempt at the February 1982 general election, capturing Fianna Fáil's second seat. Like his former constituency colleague Desmond O'Malley, O'Dea was opposed to Charles Haughey's leadership throughout the 1980s, becoming a member of the so-called Gang of 22. When O'Malley founded Progressive Democrats in 1985 and left Fianna Fáil, O'Dea became the only Fianna Fáil TD in the five-seat Limerick East constituency. Ministerial career
In 1992, Albert Reynolds succeeded Charles Haughey as Taoiseach and Leader of Fianna Fáil, following a widespread cabinet reshuffle, O'Dea, became a Minister of State at the Department of Justice. Following the collapse of the Fianna Fáil-Labour Party coalition government in 1994, O'Dea found himself on the opposition benches. After the 1997 general election, Fianna Fáil were back in government in coalition with the Progressive Democrats and O'Dea was appointed a Minister of State at the Department of Education and Science. Here he had responsibility for Adult Education and the School Transport Scheme.He oversaw reform and increased investment in adult education and back to school initiatives, starting with the launch of Green Paper in November 1998. Following the 2002 general election, O'Dea was appointed Minister of State at the Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform with special responsibility for Equality and Disability Issues. His main responsibility during this period was the passage of the Disabilities Bill, which the government had been forced to withdraw in early 2002 in the teeth of opposition from the disability sector. After a number of changes, including a form of the independent assessment of needs demanded by the disability organisations, O'Dea reintroduced the Bill in September 2004 along with an implementation package. In September 2004, O'Dea was appointed Minister for Defence in a cabinet reshuffle. His tenure commenced as the army deafness compensation issue was starting to come to an end. In November 2005, O'Dea was photographed during a media event at the Curragh Camp pointing an automatic pistol at a photographer.The photo appeared on the front page of The Irish Times the following day. O'Dea apologised saying that it was not his intention to glamorise gun crime. As Minister for Defence, O'Dea prioritised two particular issues: the recruitment of more women to the Defence Forces and the promotion of more serving non-commissioned members to the commissioned ranks, often called "promotion from the ranks". He also presided over Ireland's second tour in Lebanon in late 2006, as part of UNIFIL 2 and participation in the EUFOR mission to Chad. O'Dea and Limerick
O'Dea is highly identified with his native Limerick. Three main issues have dominated his recent pronouncements on Limerick: Shannon Airport, Dell and gangland crime. In August 2007, he broke ranks with cabinet colleagues to speak out against Aer Lingus's decision to cease London Heathrow Airport flights from Shannon.In December 2008, O'Dea and Tánaiste Mary Coughlan flew to Dell's Corporate HQ in Texas, in a last-ditch and ultimately futile attempt to stop the closure of Dell's manufacturing plant in Raheen, Limerick. Manufacturing was moved to Poland, with the loss of about two thirds of the jobs at Dell's Limerick operation. The murder of two innocent men in Limerick within months of each other: Shane Geoghegan and Roy Collins increased pressure on O'Dea locally, as a member of the cabinet, to secure changes to the law and greater resources to tackle Limerick city's gangland crime. On 5 February 2010, O'Dea announced that the government would not deliver its commitments to fund the Limerick Regeneration project. The €1.7bn funds (between 2009 and 2018) promised by the government will no longer be delivered. In October 2017, <mask>'Dea accused Johnny Depp of libel after calling Limerick 'Stab City', a term once linked with the city. Defamation case and resignation

On 10 March 2009, O'Dea alleged in an interview with the Limerick Leader that a brothel had been operating in a house owned by Nessan Quinlivan, brother of Maurice Quinlivan who at the time was a Sinn Féin candidate in Limerick for the upcoming June 2009 local elections.On 14 April 2009, O'Dea signed an affidavit to the courts, denying making such allegations. Quinlivan sought an injunction under the Prevention of Electoral Abuses Act 1923: under section 11 of the act it is a criminal offence to make or publish a false statement of fact in relation to an election candidate. In December 2009, O'Dea settled the case out of court and apologised to Quinlivan for making "false and defamatory statements" during the interview, after a tape recording of the interview emerged. O'Dea also paid an undisclosed sum in damages to Quinlivan. A settlement agreement was read out in the High Court. On 16 February 2010, Fine Gael announced it intended to table a motion of no confidence in O'Dea, however, the government responded with a motion of confidence. The government won the confidence motion in O'Dea in the Dáil on 17 February 2010.The Green Party, coalition partners in government with O'Dea's party, voted with Fianna Fáil on the motion. However, Green Party Chairman Senator Dan Boyle wrote on Twitter, that he has "no confidence" in O'Dea and declaring him to be "compromised". On 18 February 2010, O'Dea resigned as Minister for Defence. In his resignation letter, he said that he had come to the conclusion: "that my continuing in office would distract from the important and vital work of the Government". O'Dea said he decided to resign when it became clear that the Green Party would no longer support the Government if he was to stay in office. Reappointment to front bench
O'Dea was appointed to Micheál Martin's frontbench as Spokesperson for Communications, as part of the Fianna Fáil campaign for the 2011 general election. In the 2011 election he was re-elected to the newly formed Limerick City constituency, polling 16% of the vote, down from the 39% he polled four years previously.He was the Fianna Fáil Spokesperson on Enterprise, Jobs and Innovation from April 2011 to July 2012. In July 2012, he was appointed as Spokesperson on Social Protection and Social Equality. In the 2016 general election, O'Dea almost doubled his primary vote share from 16 to 27.8%. He was re-elected on the first count. He was re-elected again in 2020, with a reduced vote share. References

External links

<mask>'Dea's page on the Fianna Fáil website
<mask>'Dea in 'Politicians' file at Limerick City Library

1952 births
Living people
Academics of the University of Limerick
Academics of University College Dublin
Alumni of King's Inns
Alumni of University College Dublin
Fianna Fáil TDs
Local councillors in County Limerick
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Members of the 25th Dáil
Members of the 26th Dáil
Members of the 27th Dáil
Members of the 28th Dáil
Members of the 29th Dáil
Members of the 30th Dáil
Members of the 31st Dáil
Members of the 32nd Dáil
Members of the 33rd Dáil
Ministers for Defence (Ireland)
Ministers of State of the 26th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 27th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 28th Dáil
Ministers of State of the 29th Dáil
Politicians from County Limerick

masks:
Willie O
Willie O
Willie O
Willie O


title: Frances Anne Spencer-Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough

texts:
<mask>, Duchess of Marlborough, VA (15 April 1822 – 16 April 1899) was an English noblewoman, the wife of British peer and statesman John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough. One of her sons, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the father of Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill. She had a total of 11 children, and her principal home was the monumental Blenheim Palace, which she rejuvenated with her "lavish and exciting entertainments", and transformed into a "social and political focus for the life of the nation". She was invested as a Lady of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert for her efforts at famine relief in Ireland. Family
Lady <mask> was born on 15 April 1822 at the Duke of St Albans's house in St James's Square, London, the eldest daughter of Irish-born Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, and heiress Lady <mask>. At her baptism, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington stood as her godfather. She had three brothers, including George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry, and two younger sisters.She had an older half-brother, Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry, by her father's first marriage to Lady Catherine Bligh. Marriage and issue
On 12 July 1843 at St. George Street, Mayfair, Lady <mask> married John Spencer-Churchill, Marquess of Blandford. Upon her marriage she was styled Marchioness of Blandford. The couple made their principal home at the Spencer-Churchill family seat of Blenheim Palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire. The marriage produced eleven children:
 George Charles Spencer-Churchill, 8th Duke of Marlborough (13 May 1844 – 9 November 1892)
 Lord Frederick John Winston Spencer-Churchill (2 February 1846 – 5 August 1850)
 Lady Cornelia Henrietta Maria Spencer-Churchill (17 September 1847 – Upper Brook Street, Mayfair, London, 22 January 1927), married 25 May 1868 Ivor Bertie Guest, 1st Baron Wimborne, by whom she had issue. Lady Rosamund <mask> Spencer-Churchill (9 November 1851 - 3 December 1920), married 12 July 1877 William Fellowes, 2nd Baron de Ramsey, by whom she had issue
 Lord Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895), married 15 April 1874 Jennie Jerome, father of Sir Winston Churchill and John Strange Spencer-Churchill. Lady Fanny Octavia Louise Spencer-Churchill (29 January 1853 – 5 August 1904), married 9 June 1873 Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth, by whom she had issue.Lady <mask> Spencer-Churchill (Lower Brook Street, Mayfair, London, 14 November 1854 – South Audley Street, Mayfair, London, 20 June 1923), married 11 June 1874 James Innes-Ker, 7th Duke of Roxburghe, by whom she had issue. Lord Charles Ashley Spencer-Churchill (25 November 1856 – 11 March 1858)
 Lord Augustus Robert Spencer-Churchill (4 July 1858 – 12 May 1859)
 Lady Georgiana Elizabeth Spencer-Churchill (10 St James's Square, St James's, London, 14 May 1860 – 9 February 1906), married 4 June 1883 Richard George Penn Curzon, 4th Earl Howe, by whom she had issue. Lady Sarah Isabella Augusta Spencer-Churchill (4 July 1865 – 22 October 1929), a war correspondent during the Boer War; married 21 November 1891 Lt. Col. Gordon Chesney Wilson (son of Sir Samuel Wilson, MP)

Duchess of Marlborough
On 1 July 1857, her husband succeeded to the title of 7th Duke of Marlborough, and from that date henceforth, <mask> was styled Duchess of Marlborough. She was a commanding and hot-tempered woman described in The Complete Peerage as a "woman of remarkable character and capacity, judicious and tactful". Her face had more strength than beauty and her eyes were either warm or hard, never lacklustre. She ruled Blenheim Palace and its household with an iron hand; yet it was she who rejuvenated the palace with her lavish and gay entertainments which she herself organised; transforming the palace "into a social and political focus for the life of the nation". She was a domineering yet devoted mother; both of her surviving sons' marriages were a disappointment to her.Her eldest son George married a woman described as stupid, pious and dull, while her youngest and favourite son, Lord Randolph earned her displeasure by marrying, against the wishes of both herself and the Duke, American socialite Jennie Jerome, whom <mask> openly disliked. <mask> and her husband refused to attend Lord Randolph and Jennie's wedding at the British Embassy in Paris, which took place on <mask>'s 52nd birthday. Like the rest of the 19th-century British aristocracy, the <mask>s regarded American women as "strange and abnormal creatures with habits and manners something between a Red Indian and a Gaiety Girl". When the newly-wed couple moved to their home in Curzon Street in London, however, <mask> arrived to help Jennie pay her first visits to the leaders of London society. She lent her some of her own jewels for the occasion, and the two women travelled in the Marlborough family coach. <mask> featured largely in the lives of the younger members of the family, including her grandson Winston, to whom she often acted as a substitute mother. From 1876 to 1880 her husband served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.As the result of her diligent efforts at famine relief in which she displayed humanity, proficiency and leadership that attempted to avert the effects of the 1879 Great Famine, she was invested as a Lady of the Order of Victoria and Albert by Queen Victoria. Last years
She became a widow in 1883, lost her eldest son, George, in 1892, and on 24 January 1895, her only surviving son, Lord Randolph Churchill, died at her London home in Grosvenor Square. She never stopped mourning Randolph, and harboured much resentment against his wife, whom she had never liked and now criticised for behaviour unbecoming a grieving widow. Death
<mask> died at Blenheim on 16 April 1899, the day after her 77th birthday, having outlived five of her eleven children. She was buried on 21 April 1899 in the family vault beneath Blenheim Chapel. Her grandson Sir Winston Churchill wrote of her: "She was a woman of exceptional capacity, energy and decision". Portrayals in film and television
The Duchess was portrayed by Rachel Kempson in the 1974 Thames TV mini-series Jennie: Lady Randolph Churchill.Ancestry

References

Sources
Martin, Ralph G. Jennie: The Life of Lady Randolph Churchill, Volume One, The Romantic Years (1854–1895), New American Library, New York, 1969 ()

1822 births
1899 deaths
English duchesses by marriage
Daughters of British marquesses
<mask>
Ladies of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Frances
People from Westminster

masks:
Frances Anne Spencer Churchill
Frances Anne Emily Vane
Frances Anne Vane Tempest
Frances
Jane Frances
Anne Emily
Frances
Frances
Frances
Frances
Marlborough
Frances
Frances
Frances
Frances


title: Joop van den Ende

texts:
Johannes "<mask>" <mask> (born 23 February 1942) is a Dutch theatrical producer, co-founder of international television production company Endemol and founder/owner of Stage Entertainment, Europe's largest live entertainment company. Stage Entertainment was established in 1998 after being split off from the Live Entertainment Division of Endemol. The company has offices and theatres in eight countries (the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy and Russia). Early years
<mask>e started his career at age 15 as a trainee set carpenter for the Dutch Opera. Ten years later, in 1968, he opened his first independent theatrical and television production agency, Spotlight, followed by the creation in 1971 of Joop van den Ende Theaterproducties. Over the next decade his stage and television activities continued to expand, establishing him as one of the Netherlands' leading impresarios. In 1983 he bought a former flower auction building near Amsterdam which he turned into a large studio complex where he could record his television productions.In September 1988, <mask> <mask> produced a Dutch version of the musical Barnum in the Scheveningen Circustheater, starting a new musical tradition in the Netherlands that continues to this day. In October 1993 he opened his first show on Broadway: Cyrano. The production ran until March 1994, and although the show resulted in a financial loss, the musical was <mask> <mask>'s introduction to Broadway and earned him the respect of his American peers. Work in Television
In 1993, <mask> <mask> and John de Mol created television production company Endemol, combining the activities of their respective television production companies. Endemol went on to become the world's largest independent television production company, creating popular TV formats such as Big Brother, Fear Factor, Dancing with the Stars and Wipeout. Endemol was listed on the stock exchange in 1996, and in 2000 was sold to the Spanish telecom giant Telefónica for €5.5bn. In 2007 Endemol was sold on to a consortium including Silvio Berlusconi, the former prime minister of Italy, as well as John de Mol, in a deal valued at €2.6bn.In 1998, before the sale of Endemol, <mask> <mask> personally bought and took control of Endemol's live entertainment division. This was the beginning of Stage Entertainment, which soon grew into an international entertainment group. Work in Theatre
Van <mask> Ende's early work in live entertainment received international critical acclaim. In 1995 he received five Tony Awards for the Broadway musical Titanic, which he co-produced. In 2001 he was also awarded two Tony Awards for the musical 42nd Street, and in 2002 he received two Tony Awards for his Broadway production Into the Woods, plus three more for the play Urinetown. Under <mask> <mask>'s leadership, Stage Entertainment grew rapidly at this time, much attributed to a licensing agreement made in 2000 with Disney Theatrical Productions ( Aida, The Lion King, Beauty and the Beast, Tarzan, The Little Mermaid, Aladdin) and an intensive collaboration in Europe with Littlestar, Mamma Mia!’s production company. This enabled the business to expand into Germany, Spain, Russia, France, Italy and the UK.In 2007 he became president of the Stage Entertainment Supervisory Board. <mask> Ende returned to Broadway in the spring of 2011 with the musical Sister Act, a co-production with Whoopi Goldberg. This marked the beginning of a new phase in <mask> Ende’s longstanding ambition to develop a continuous stream of original musical content. Following successful launches in Germany (Ich war noch niemals in New York, Der Schuh des Manitu, Ich will Spass!) and the Netherlands (3 Musketiers, Ciske, Petticoat, Hij Gelooft in Mij), he produced Rocky at the Winter Garden Theatre on Broadway and Made in Dagenham at the Adelphi Theatre in London (both in 2014). Rocky won one Tony Award, one Outer Critics Circle Award, and two Drama Desk Awards. Other activities
In 2001, <mask> <mask> and his wife Janine established the VandenEnde Foundation, one of the Netherlands’ largest private foundations, which supports cultural and educational projects and stimulates cultural entrepreneurship.The foundation also provides scholarships to talented young performing artists. One of the foundation's most high-profile accomplishments was the reconstruction of the historic DeLaMar Theatre complex in the heart of Amsterdam. The VandenEnde Foundation — in close cooperation with the Dutch government and together with the Bankgiro Loterij, the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds, and the VSBfonds— initiated the Blockbuster Fund, a fund designed to provide a sustainable way to make large-scale investments in culture. From 2005 to 2008, <mask> Ende was active in real estate development through a joint venture that concentrated in mixed-use development and urban regeneration schemes around theatres, active in the Netherlands and abroad. Together with his business partner Hubert Deitmers, <mask> Ende is also active as an investor. Van den Ende & Deitmers Venture Capitalist Partners focuses on West European cross media companies via two venture capital funds. Decorations
2007 Medal of Honour in the Order of the House of Orange
2000 Commander in the Order of the House of Orange
1993 Knight in the Order of the House of Orange

Awards
2019 Lifetime Achievement Award of the German Musical Awards, for contributions to German musical theatre
2015 Gustaf Gründgens Prize, for contributions to German theatre
2012 Honorary Doctorate Nijenrode Business University
2011 Honorary Doctorate from Erasmus University Rotterdam
2010 Gold Medal of the City of Amsterdam
2010 Stage Entertainment receives King William I Award
2009 Hamburger of the Year, from the city of Hamburg, Germany
2004 IJ-Prijs, for contributions to the economic development and promotion of Amsterdam.Musical productions
For an overview of all of <mask> <mask> <mask>'s theatre productions, go to Stage Entertainment

References

External links
 Stage Entertainment
 Endemol
 Van den Ende Deitmers
 Van den Ende Foundation
 Levenlang Theater, a biographical site in Dutch

1942 births
Living people
Dutch chief executives in the media industry
Businesspeople from Amsterdam
Dutch billionaires
Endemol
Dutch theatre managers and producers
Dutch television producers

masks:
Joop
Adrianus van den Ende
Van den End
van den
Ende
van den
Ende
Van den
Ende
Van den
Ende
den
van den
Ende
Van den
van den
van den
Ende
Van den
van den
Joop
van den
Ende


title: Mustapha Khalid Palash

texts:
<mask> (popularly known as <mask>; born 11 September 1963, is a Bangladeshi architect. He is considered one of the leading contemporary architects of Bangladesh. He is also an artist, multi instrumentalist-singer and painter. He is the Editor of quarterly DOT: Journal on Art & Architecture, one of the prominent architecture magazine of Bangladesh. Early life and education
<mask> was born to artist <mask> (d. 2018). He received his bachelor of architecture from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in 1988. After graduation, he taught there until 1998 as assistant professor.He also worked as a visiting faculty of architecture at University of Asia Pacific, AIUB, North South University, BRAC University

Career
<mask>'s constructions are noted for their contemporary 21st century modernist style, verging on experimentalism. His novel approaches towards architecture make him peerless or practically singular in the country. <mask> has in his credential many local and international awards in recognition of his works. Currently Palash with Vistaara, is busy with quite a big number of corporate buildings and five star hotel projects. As an architect, <mask> usually concentrates on his city, Dhaka. The city's hustle and bustle, its architectural elements and vicariousness are also focused in his art works. Dhaka's raw structure and its compact atmosphere are captured in his works with liveliness and intimacy.<mask> is considered one of very few celebrity architects of the country. He has participated several architectural exhibitions, seminars, workshops, architecture week, consultancies nationally and globally. For the last two decades <mask> with his team and his company Vistaara Architects, had created numerous outstanding architectural masterpieces in Dhaka, capital city of Bangladesh. Attending Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology for his bachelor's degree in Architecture from 1982 to 1988, he founded Vistraara Architects in 1994 and joined BUET in 1994, but gave up his job as an assistant professor in 1998 to pursue his passion full-time. <mask> is a member of Institute of Architects Bangladesh, international associate member of AIA and a member of Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). He is also a member of the World Architecture Community and the Institute of Architects Bangladesh. <mask> is the current elected president of Architecture Alumni Association of BUET (7th Executive Committee 2013 & 2014).Notable architecture projects

Corporate Offices
 Grameenphone Corporate Headquarters
 Banglalink Head Office
 Robi Head Office
 Health Engineering Department (HED) Headquarters, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
 Investment Corporation of Bangladesh (ICB) Headquarters
 EBL Headquarters
 Mobil House
 Rangs RD Square
 Jamuna Bank Ltd. Headquarters
 Bank Asia Headquarters
 Union Bank Headquarters
 Standard Bank Headquarters
 Uttara Motors Limited Headquarters
 Grand Delvistaa
 Jamuna Gas Building
 Samsonite Tower

Malls and Centres
 Bashundhara City Shopping Complex
 Unique Trade Centre (UTC)
 Abdul Monem Financial District
 SPL Western Tower
 Bashundhara Fitness Center
 Shahara Centre
 Anabil Tower
 Rangs Babylonia
 BTI Landmark
 Rupayan Maxus
 Konik Tower
 Raffas Tower
 Samsonite Tower
 Elegant Tower
 Konka Jubilee Tower
 Palmal Tower
 Delvistaa Syed Villa
 Hosaf Tower
 Irving Rishta
 Shaptak Square
 RTV Studio
 Skylark Tower

Hotels and Hospitals
 Radisson Bay View Hotel Chittagong
 Hilton Dhaka
 The Westin Dhaka
 Lab Aid Cardiac Care Hospital
 The Olives, Dhaka

Universities and Schools
 State University of Bangladesh
 American International School Dhaka (AISD)

Visual art
Besides being an architect, <mask> is also an ardent painter. His solo painting exhibition titled Of Conflict and Harmony was held in 2009 at Gallery of Fine Arts of Asiatic Society, Dhaka. In June 2011 he had his third solo exhibition of Doodle Art titled Of Tears and Joyat Dhaka Art Centre. From his childhood, art has been keenly connected with Palash's umbilical cord. As the son of a painter, he grew up in an artistic ambiance. During this time, he started to detect the imaginative world and documented his vision and observation. When <mask> feels saddened and his creative endeavour flourishes, brush and colours assist him to explore his inner vision.He records his pains, happiness and experiences through his canvas, which becomes a mirror of his pensive mood as reflected in his creative process. In the exposition, this is a clear statement about his aesthetic explorations. He is not concentrated on any particular theme, but nevertheless his themes are inextricably connected to each other. His paintings, done in oil and acrylic, feature various architectural designs or shapes. They as well plunge deep into Nature. He has complete freedom to identify himself for his working styles that are apparently synchronised and technically phenomenal. He wants to proceed with a certain style that can become a personal hallmark of his works.Honors and awards
 Shilpacharya Puroshkar (Award) for Fine Arts Architecture 2011
 Berger Commendation Award for Excellence in Architecture (Grameenphone House), 2011
 Institute of Architects Bangladesh (IAB) Design Award 1998
 Holcim Green Built Bangladesh Award, 2010
 Berger Award for Excellence in Architecture, 2007
 Architect of the Year Award, instituted by JK Lakshmi Cement, India

References

Further reading
 Creativity abound: Mustapha <mask>, a multifaceted powerhouse
 Profile:<mask> <mask> (1963)
 A Life In Versatility: <mask> <mask> is 52 today
 ARCHITECTURE: A career for future
 Bangladesh: Experts urge adoption of rainwater-harvesting to ease water crisis
 Profile of Bashundhara City by Architect <mask>
 Engrossment with architectural lines and shapes
 <mask> <mask> – Accomplished Artist and Architect

External links
Official Website of the Grand Delvista: Vistaara Architects

1963 births
Living people
Bangladeshi architects
Bangladeshi painters
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology alumni

masks:
Khan Mohammed Mustapha Khalid
Mustapha Khalid Palash
Palash
Afroz Mustapha
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Palash
Khalid Palash
Mustapha
Khalid
Mustapha
Khalid Palash
Khalid
Mustapha
Khalid Palash


title: Toshio Mori

texts:
<mask> (March 3, 1910 – 1980) was an American author, best known for being one of the earliest (and perhaps the first) Japanese–American writers to publish a book of fiction. He participated in drawing the UFO Robo Grendizer, the Japanese series TV in the years 1975-1977. Biography
<mask> was born in Oakland, California and grew up in San Leandro. In spite of working long hours at his family's garden nursery, Mori endeavored to become a writer and managed to publish his first story "The Brothers" in The Coast magazine when he was 28 years old. He had a tentative publication date set for his collection of stories Yokohama, California when World War II broke out, which brought the publication process to a halt. During World War II, he and his family were interned at Topaz War Relocation Center in Utah, where Mori edited the journal Trek for a year. After the war, <mask> returned to the Bay Area where he continued to write.He is the author of Yokohama, California (1949), The Chauvinist and Other Stories (1979), and The Woman from Hiroshima (1980). Mori worked most of his adult life in a small family nursery. He was posthumously named an American Book Award winner for Yokohama, California in 1986. Writing Style
Though Mori was a short story fiction writer, his stories often echoed and reflected the life of Japanese Americans in pre and postwar America. Imbued with wonderment at the everyday routine of the people around him, Mori's stories told of seemingly menial situations that emphasized the emotional connections and culture that all Americans share, regardless of their racial background. This tone was one of the main reasons why Mori's work was so successful; it was accessible to more than just the Japanese American community. Even Mori's work while in the internment camp was from the 'optimistic perspective', a style of writing in the internment camps which encouraged Japanese Americans not to be pessimistic and have faith in the American democratic system.Though the majority of <mask>'s work was considered lighthearted and even comical, some of his works did emphasize the taut emotional strain that a Japanese American felt, before, after and during the war. Most of his works prewar described the slightly comical problems that a Japanese American dealt with on a daily basis, trying to balance their Japanese culture with the American one. During his internment, Mori's tone occasionally became dark, especially in a short story dedicated to his brother (who was badly injured in the 442nd Regimental Combat Team) which describes a fight between brothers over patriotic duty to their country. Bibliography

Primary sources
<mask>, Toshio. New Directions in Prose & Poetry. Ed. James Laughlin.Middlebury, VT, Otter Valley Press, 1938. Yokohama, California, ID: The Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1949. Intro. by William Saroyan. "Tomorrow is Coming, Children" Trek. Eds. Jim Yamada, Taro Katayama, and Marii Kyogoku.Topaz Internment Camp, Utah. 1.1 and 1.2 (Christmas 1942/1943): 13-16. "The Woman Who Makes Swell Doughnuts." Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American Writers. Ed. Lawson Fusao Inada, et al.. Washington D.C., 1974.123. Woman from Hiroshima. San Jose, CA: Isthmus Press, 1979. The Chauvinist and Other Stories. Los Angeles: Asian American Studies Center of University of California, Los Angeles, 1979. Yokohama, California. 2nd ed., Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1985.New intro. by Lawson Fusao Inada. "Japanese Hamlet." Imagining America: stories from the promised land. Ed. by Wesley Brown & Amy Ling. New York : Persea Books, 1991.125-127. "The Chauvinist." Charlie Chan is dead: an anthology of contemporary Asian American Fiction. Ed. by Jessica Hagedorn. New York, N.Y: Penguin Books, 1993. 328-337."Through Anger and Love." Growing up Asian American, An Anthology. Ed. by Maria Hong. New York: W. Morrow, 1993. 53-64. Unpublished Novels
Send These the Homeless (written in Topaz camp in 1942)
The Brothers Murata (original title "Peace Be Still" completed 1944)
Way of Life (written during the 1960s)

Secondary sources

Barnhart, Sarah Catlin."<mask> <mask> (1910–1980)" Asian American Novelists: A Bio-Bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Ed. Emmanuel S. Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood; 2000. 234-39
Bedrosian, Margaret. "<mask> <mask>'s California Koans." MELUS: 15.2 (1988): 47-55.Hassell, Malve von. Ethnography, Storytelling and the Fiction of <mask> <mask>. Dialectical Anthropology, 1994; 19.4: 401-18. Palomino, Harue. Japanese Americans in Books or in Reality? Three Writers for Young Adults Who Tell a Different Story. "How Much Truth Do We Tell the Children?The Politics of Children's Literature." Ed. Betty Bacon. Minneapolis: Marxist Educational Press; 1988. 257. Mayer, David R. "Akegarasu and Emerson: Kindred Spirits of <mask> <mask>'s "The Seventh Street Philosopher." Amerasia Journal, 1990; 16.2: 1-10.The Philosopher in Search of a Voice: <mask> <mask>'s Japanese-Influenced Narrator. AALA Journal, 1995; 2: 12-24. "The Short Stories of <mask> Mori." Fu Jen Studies: Literature and Linguistics, 1988; 21: 73-87. "<mask> Mori and Loneliness." Nanzan Review of American Studies 15 (1993): 20-32. "<mask> <mask>'s Neighborhood Settings: Inner and Outer Oakland."Fu Jen Studies: Literature and Linguistics, 1990; 23: 100-115. "<mask> <mask>'s '1936': A True and a False Prophecy." Academia: Bungaku Gogaku Hen/Literature and Language, 1999 Sept; 67: 69-81. "Can't See the Forest: Buddhism in <mask> <mask>'s 'The Trees." Academia: Bungaku Gogaku Hen/Literature and Language, 2002 Jan; 71: 125-36. Palumbo Liu, David. "Universalisms and Minority Culture."Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 7.1 (1995): 188-208. Sato, Gayle K. "(Self) Indulgent Listening: Reading Cultural Difference in Yokohama, California." Japanese Journal of American Studies, 2000; 11: 129-46. Sledge, Linda Ching. "Reviewed Work(s): The Chauvinist and Other Stories by <mask> Mori." MELUS 7.1 (Spring 1980): 86-90. Wakida, Patricia."Unfinished Message" Selected Works of <mask> <mask>. The Review of Arts, Literature, Philosophy and the Humanities (RALPH). Volume XXIV.2 (Spring, 2001). External links
Short radio episode Baseball from the chapter "Lil' Yokohama," in Unfinished Message. California Legacy Project. References

1910 births
1980 deaths
American writers of Japanese descent
American male short story writers
American short story writers of Asian descent
Japanese-American internees
Writers from Oakland, California
American Book Award winners
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Toshio Mori
Mori
Mori
Mori
Mori
Toshio
Mori
Toshio
Mori
Toshio
Mori
Toshio
Mori
Toshio
Mori
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Toshio
Toshio
Mori


title: David R. Wrone

texts:
<mask><mask> (born May 15, 1933) is an American academic, author and historian. He is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point and a specialist in the fields of Native American history and political assassinations, writing books and articles on the assassinations of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Biography
A native of Clinton, Illinois, <mask> graduated from Clinton High School in 1951. He attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, earning his bachelor's degree and doctorate in American history. He was a history professor for 35 years at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, and has been professor emeritus since retiring in 1993. UW-Stevens Point honored <mask> with the "Excellence in Teaching Award" for 1969-1970 and the "Scholar Award" for 1993-1994. <mask> is on the board of directors of the Assassination Archives and Research Center, an organization founded in 1984 to research and compile records related to political assassinations.Career

Native American history
In the course of his academic career, <mask> lectured, researched and wrote about Native American tribes. His research includes the treaty rights of the U.S.-Native American treaties, and on the Menominee nation and Stockbridge-Munsee Community of Wisconsin. In 1973, he authored the book, Who's The Savage? A Documentary History of the Mistreatment of the Native North Americans. At UW-Stevens Point, <mask> helped introduce Menominee language courses, the first instruction of the language at any university. Study of JFK assassination
<mask> has devoted more than 40 years to researching the assassination of John F. Kennedy. He is a frequent author of book reviews on the assassination, and edited The Legal Proceedings of Harold Weisberg v. General Services Administration (1975), the court record on the lawsuit to obtain the executive session transcripts of the Warren Commission from January 20, 1964 and January 27, 1964.<mask> sued the United States government for records of Abraham Zapruder's 26-second film of Kennedy's assassination, in particular records relating to its acquisition and purchase. <mask> taught a course in the subject at UW-Stevens Point, and in 1993 published the book, The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination, an in-depth analysis of the film. According to <mask>, the film proves that there was more than one gunman firing at Kennedy's motorcade. He is a frequent critic of the Warren Commission and its subsequent report, which he believes was padded with useless information. <mask> said in 2013, “When you go through those 912 pages, you'll find that it tells you Lee Harvey Oswald in 1941 had a dog called 'Sunshine' and that his aunt worked in 1929 in Woolworths dime store in New Orleans. It also tells you that John Quincy Adams, President of the United States, liked to skinny dip in the Potomac River, and that President Chet Arthur liked to ride the streetcars. It also tells you many other interesting things that had no relationship whatsoever to the murder of President John F. Kennedy.”

<mask> has commented on Oliver Stone's 1991 film JFK by stating: "The film fails on logic, fails on fact."He described Stone's premise of a conspiracy involving the Central Intelligence Agency and a so-called military-industrial complex as "irrational". According to <mask>, other assassination films, including Executive Action and Interview with the Assassin, are "the commercial exploitation of a great tragedy". Regarding the latter film, he said: "The facts in Interview with the Assassin were so egregiously in error, I had to stop watching it." He is one of several academic critics of Gerald Posner's well-known JFK assassination book Case Closed (1993), which Wrone blames for "massive numbers of factual errors" as well as off-base speculation. He also criticized pundit Bill O'<mask>'s 2012 book, Killing Kennedy: The End of Camelot, calling it "one atrocious book." The Zapruder Film
<mask>'s 2003 book, The Zapruder Film: Reframing JFK's Assassination, provides a frame-by-frame analysis of Abraham Zapruder's 26-second film of Kennedy's assassination and various aspects of the film's history. The book also outlines <mask>'s argument that shots were fired at Kennedy from three different angles, with none of them originating from Lee Harvey Oswald's position on the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository.Addressing the issue that some believe the film to be a forgery, Michael L. Kurtz wrote that "...<mask>'s lengthy and exhaustive study of the history of the Zapruder film argues persuasively for its authenticity." Reviewing the book for CNN, L.D. Meagher wrote: "<mask> writes carefully, building his analysis brick by brick. His prose is academic, which may be off-putting to the casual reader. But his research is quite thorough and his conclusions are compelling." A review in Publishers Weekly stated: "While <mask>'s exhaustive consideration of the film itself quickly becomes tedious, he provides a few chapters that tell some intriguing stories" and "[a]side from these anecdotes, however, there is nothing new here, just reiteration of the scathing criticisms of the Warren Commission's conclusions." According to Kermit L. Hall: "The book treats what might be thought the perfect piece of evidence with far too much authority.What the Zapruder footage shows is that a man was killed before our eyes, but <mask>'s efforts to determine the origin of the shots is, in the end, frustrating and ultimately problematical." Selected publications
 Who's The Savage? A Documentary History of the Mistreatment of the Native North Americans, with <mask>. Nelson, Fawcett 1973. The Freedom of Information Act and Political Assassination: The Legal Proceedings of Harold Weisberg v. General Services Administration, 1978. Lincoln: Democracy's Touchstone, 1979
 The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: A Comprehensive Historical and Legal Bibliography, 1963-1979, 1980. Two Assassinations : Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, Lincoln Fellowship of Wisconsin. Meeting (37th: 1980 : Madison), Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana (Library of Congress).The HSCA, the Zapruder Film, and the Single-Bullet Theory, 1993
 The Zapruder Film: Reframing the JFK Assassination, University Press of Kansas, 2003. References

1933 births
Living people
People from Clinton, Illinois
Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point faculty
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni

masks:
David R
. Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
Wrone
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Reilly
Wrone
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Russell S


title: Max Bauer

texts:
Colonel <mask> (31 January 1869 – 6 May 1929) was a German General Staff officer and artillery expert in the First World War. As a protege of Erich Ludendorff he was placed in charge of the German Army's munition supply by the latter in 1916. In this role he played a leading role in the Hindenburg Programme and the High Command's political machinations. Later <mask> was a military and industrial adviser to the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek. Rising in the army
<mask> was born in Quedlinburg. He began to study medicine in Berlin, but then  enlisted as an officer candidate in Foot Artillery Regiment 2 (heavy artillery) in 1888. The following year he attended the Kriegs-Schule in Hanover and then was commissioned.After regimental service, in 1898 he was appointed  Adjutant to the Artillerie-Prüfungskommission (Artillery Testing Commission). In 1902 he took command of a battery as a captain. An observer of the  Russo-Japanese war (1904-5), he was impressed by how   Japanese 28 cm mortars  demolished Russian forts. When he returned in 1905 he joined the fortress section of the General Staff as their artillery expert, which  made  him conversant with  the leaders of German industry, science, and engineering. Unable to obtain authorization to develop a new heavy mortar, he ordered one from Krupp nonetheless. When the War Ministry learned  that a prototype was completed  they wanted <mask> dismissed, but the firing tests were so impressive that further development was authorized in 1911. Meanwhile, in 1908 he moved into the mobilization section of the Staff directed by Erich Ludendorff — they became staunch friends.Ludendorff regarded him as  the “smartest officer in the army”. In the following year <mask> was appointed as a General Staff Officer, remarkable because he had not had  the customary specialized  schooling. Helped by his contacts in industry, he studied how the German economy would function during a European war. The first years of World War I
When the  war came Major <mask> was posted  to the Operations Section of Oberste Heeresleitung (OHL, Supreme Army Command) as head of Section II, which was responsible for heavy artillery, mortars, and fortresses. Earlier in 1914, the first of the Krupp 42cm mortars, nicknamed "Big Bertha", and its concrete-piercing shells were ready. They  smashed the forts in Belgium  and  northern France. In 1915 the huge guns forced the surrender of the formidable  Russian fortifications in Poland, like Przemyśl, before dealing with the Serbian strongholds at Belgrade.For developing the mortars <mask> was awarded the Pour le Mérite and an honorary doctorate from the University of Berlin. (In 1918 he received the Oak Leaves for his Pour le Mérite. During the war he was awarded 25 German and foreign medals.) Before the war he had worked with the chemist Fritz Haber to  transform nitrogen from the air into  explosive precursors, which let the Germans  make  war despite the Naval blockade of Germany preventing continued imports of supplies of nitrates that had come from Chile before the war. When   the adversaries  deadlocked in  their trenches  along the Western Front, Haber suggested that they could  break through  by releasing a cloud of poisonous chlorine gas, which is heavier than air. <mask> provided  funds and scientists already in the army. <mask>, Haber and Duisberg, the head of the chemical cartel, and their horses were poisoned at the first field test; all were invalided for days.He was present at the first attack, which cleared the defenders out of miles of trenches defending  the city of Ypres, but was "heartbroken" because  Supreme Commander Erich von Falkenhayn had mounted only a diversionary attack,  divulging their top-secret for almost no gain. <mask> continued to support the development of new gases, tactics to use them effectively despite  protective masks, and Haber's mobilization  of scientists for the war effort. Section II of OHL Supreme Army Command carefully evaluated how their weapons performed on active service. For instance, in 1916 they  produced a modified  field gun that could be elevated to 40 degrees, compared to its former  16 degrees, and their  light howitzer's range was increased 43 percent to . They formed a unit to develop assault tactics using stormtroopers. Their first tank, introduced in May 1917, was too large and unwieldy, few were produced, so they had to use captured enemy tanks. Krupp and Daimler designed a light tank, but production was not authorized until French light tanks showed their value, consequently they could not be available  until April 1919.<mask> strongly opposed  Falkenhayn's plan to attack Verdun in 1916 along  a narrow front on the right bank of the Meuse, because  their flank would be vulnerable to  French artillery on  the left bankhe was spot-on; before long  they had to attack  the left bank as well. While arranging   artillery support before the attack he stayed at Fifth Army headquarters  where he became a fast  friend  of its commander, Crown Prince Wilhelm;  they kept in touch thereafter. In the first salvo of the attack a 42 cm shell struck  Fort Douaumont, a key to the defense. It did not penetrate the reinforced concrete and sand layers: the Verdun forts were stouter than any the mortars had fired on hitherto. Later that year <mask>  was dismayed by  Falkenhayn's insistence along the Somme front on packing infantry into the foremost trenches to repel the attacks, where they were chewed-up by  the Entente's artillery preparations. <mask> decided that   Falkenhayn  must be replaced by his friend Ludendorff, who had displayed virtuosity  on the Eastern Front. Supported by junior officers at OHL he tirelessly lobbied the highest echelons of the army and government against his superior, with criticisms of Falkenhayn like "...his decisions were half measures and he wavered even over these."Falkenhayn was replaced on 29 August 1916 by Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg  as Chief of Staff with First Quartermaster General Ludendorff as his associate. To <mask> this was his greatest victory. Total War
The new commanders resolved to wage total war. OHL Supreme Army Command was reorganized, <mask>'s Section II  was responsible for heavy artillery, mortars and fortresses. <mask> set highly optimistic  goals for weapon production, for instance  tripling  machine gun output, in what became known as the Hindenburg Program. His industrialist friends welcomed the orders but needed more workers. Skilled men were released from the armed forces and a bill making most men and women subject to national service was proposed to the Reichstag,  which rejected  the most extreme  measures, like shutting the universities except for their medical schools.Compelling  women to work was unnecessary, because  already more were looking  than there were jobs. The  bill that finally passed was almost useless. Soon <mask> had a staff officer for propaganda and another  stationed in Berlin for political liaison. Despite their exertions, "Unable to control labour and unwilling to control industry, the army failed miserably...."

Lieutenant General von Höhn's draft of a manual describing defense in depth was rewritten  by <mask> and Captain Geyer. The crux was that  any  attackers  who penetrated a  lightly manned front line would be destroyed by counterattacks. Defense in depth became German Army doctrine through the Second World War. OHL relied on his political judgment.Ludendorff and <mask> saw eye to eye: to them "To govern means to dominate." So of course  they despised  Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg who tried to govern by consensus and hoped to  negotiate a peace. They lobbied fervently against him. Bethmann was pressured  into agreeing to unrestricted submarine warfare, which brought the United States into the war. On 10 June 1917 <mask> gave  Matthias Erzberger, a leading catholic Reichstag deputy, a private, pessimist briefing, including his assessment that the U-boats could not win the war. <mask> had misfired. Instead of backing   the struggle with a stiffer spine,  Erzberger tabled a resolution  for  a negotiated peace without annexations.OHL fought back fiercely. The Crown Prince visited  Berlin to pressure  legislators. <mask> stayed in the capital, in the thick of the fight. Hindenburg and Ludendorff came there  to threaten to resign. The Kaiser told them "there could be no justification for their presence in Berlin." They retreated to Headquarters to tweak   their tactics. On 11 July 1917 Hindenburg and Ludendorff telegraphed their resignations unless Bethmann Hollweg was replaced and immediately released the telegrams  to the press.Bethmann Hollweg resigned. The resolution was  amended to call for "a peace of equilibrium" and passed by 212 to 126. It was ignored by the new Chancellor Georg Michaelis. OHL Supreme Army Command was in the political driver's seat, but their only objective was total victory. <mask> worked with Krupp on the development of antiaircraft artillery and of the Paris guns that fired shells  but  failed to dent civilian morale. In 1918 OHL unleashed a series of massive attacks to bring  victory. Each attack began with a multi-million shell hurricane artillery bombardment.<mask> assembled  the guns that were  commanded   by Colonel Bruchmüller. Repeatedly they broke through  British and  French lines. After four successful months an attack on the French along the Marne River was bloodily repulsed and then on   17 July 1918 the right flank of their salient pointing towards Paris was crushed  by a powerful, joint French and American attack led by massed tanks. <mask> realized  that the war was lost and that "in decency” it should  be ended. He notified his industrialist friends. <mask> and the Crown Prince agreed that Germany needed a dictator, their choice was Ludendorff. Their misreading of the nation's political situation was exposed  when Ludendorff was dismissed on 25 October  so despised  that for safety he fled the country.Vice-Chancellor  Friedrich von Payer, the only member of the administration also in the Reichstag, excoriated  <mask> for  his un-military political meddling. <mask> took this dressing-down as  a tribute to  his invaluable  work; but he  retired from active service on 31 October 1918, a few months after being promoted to Colonel. A close student of the war described <mask>: "There is a strange mixture of force and weakness, calculation and abandon, intelligence and illogic in this man." Post-war
He wrote about his experiences and national policy during the war. In 1920 <mask> and Ludendorff were among  the leaders of the  right-wing Kapp Putsch, which  seized control of the government. They were forced out  by a nationwide general strike. Ludendorff was let off but <mask> had to flee the country.He worked as a military consultant in the Soviet Union, Spain and Argentina. He returned to Germany in 1925 following an  amnesty for all those  involved in the Putsch. In 1926, Chinese engineer Chu Chia-hua, president of the Sun Yat-Sen University in Canton, contacted <mask> for advice on  military and business opportunities in China. In 1927, <mask> visited Chiang Kai-shek, who hired him as a military adviser, wishing to use his contacts to acquire more weapons and industrial assistance from Germany. This began Sino-German cooperation until 1941. In 1928, <mask> returned to Germany to make contacts with German industries and the army. However, the Treaty of Versailles  restricted arms  production.In addition, he was persona non grata to the German government as he had participated in the Kapp Putsch. Nonetheless <mask> was able to establish a China trade department and to make contact with the secret German military mission in Nanking. When <mask> returned to China, he advocated formation of a small core army supported by  many local militia forces. Chiang did not use these ideas, since the  militias would have concentrated  military power in local hands. However, <mask> did manage to have the Whampoa Military Academy moved from Canton to Nanking,  it became the Central Military Academy, and to staff it with German military advisers and instructors. He invited 20 German officers to China to work as instructors in military training and military intelligence. Officially, <mask> was Chiang's economic adviser and encouraged him to develop infrastructure.<mask> died in Shanghai, of smallpox, on 6 May 1929, perhaps as a result of having been intentionally infected by one of his Chinese enemies, as he was the only person infected with the contagious disease in the region where he contracted it. He was buried in China with military honors. His ashes were later returned to Germany and buried at Swinemünde on 5 August 1929. See also
Sino-German cooperation
German-trained divisions of the National Revolutionary Army

References

External links
 further info of <mask>
 Murphy, Mahon: <mask>, <mask>, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. 1875 births
1929 deaths
Deaths from smallpox
German military personnel of World War I
Infectious disease deaths in China
People from Quedlinburg
People from the Province of Saxony
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Kapp Putsch participants

masks:
Max Hermann Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
Bauer
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Max Bauer
Max Bauer
Bauer
Max


title: Nene Humphrey

texts:
<mask> (born March 18, 1947) is a New York-based sculptor and installation artist. Her work, focusing on sensory experiences of the world, human psychology and handcraft, has been compared to that of Kiki Smith, Janine Antoni, Petah Coyne, and Louise Bourgeois. She has lived and worked in New York since 1978. Education and early work

<mask> received her M.A. at Goddard College, Boston in 1972 and her M.F.A. at York University, Toronto in 1978. In the 1980s she became known for works made with wax, plaster, wood, and wire armatures.These abstract sculptures alluded to and were directly informed by bodily processes and the human form, “the body’s operating systems, its electrical and mechanical structures.”

Her emphasis on material specificity drew comparisons to postminimal sculptors like Eva Hesse. Like Hesse's anti-forms, <mask>'s sculptures referenced minimalism’s formal severity and also examined it critically. Close observation of these works revealed textures by turns soft and ragged, an effect of eroding the surface and “literally scarring or wounding the form.”

As Art in America observed of the work in 1992, “Sterile from a distance, their tactile and organic qualities become evident as one approaches… Paradoxically, this crudeness softens the work’s appearance.”

Her work Breathing Wall for Vesalius (1985–86) was made after a back injury left her incapacitated, resulting in drawing studies and a series of sculptural structures with spine-like columns. Spoons and A Wild Patience

In the mid 1990s <mask> made a series of works in collaboration with the artist's mother, a homemaker from whose “unheroic” house-bound labor <mask> previously “had felt disconnected.”  Accepting an offer of help in her studio during one of her mother's visits, <mask> was made aware of the relationship between her practice and her training under her mother during childhood. <mask>'s Spoon series developed out of an interest in domestic handcraft, and the connection between imprints left by the body and its reciprocal marks in acts such as sewing, scouring, sweeping and braiding. Later compared to Janine Antoni’s silver spoon casts (Umbilical edition, 2000) , the resulting Mother’s Spoon casts (1996) were meditations on the nature of the related gestures of stirring and feeding alongside their sculptural counterparts. Loculus

<mask>’s Loculus series (1999–2001) continued the artist’s interest in meditative repetition.The Loculus works involved masses of hand-stitched red discs, affixed to the wall or standing structures by trails of thread. As Ariella Budick noted in Newsday Magazine in 2000, the works had a biological appearance “like an enlargement of clustered cells. (The title refers to the cavities in a plant ovary. )”  These clusters drew comparisons both to the biologic imagery of blood clots and spermazoa, and more figuratively to strategic maps and prom corsages. Works from <mask>'s Loculus series were shown at Kiang Gallery in Atlanta, Dorsky Gallery in New York, the Islip Art Museum in Islip, NY, and were included in Site and Insight at MoMA PS1 in 2003. Plain Sense of Things and Circling the Center

Following the death of her husband, <mask> embarked upon a multidisciplinary project reflecting on the psychological process of mourning, and its physiological index in the mourner's brain. In collaboration with scientists at the New York University LeDoux neuroscience laboratory, where she has been an artist in residence since 2005, <mask> worked to create visualizations from recorded data of brain activity in the amygdala, the part of the brain where emotions reside.Drawings extrapolated from these images served as the framework for a series of two-dimensional, installation, video and sound works. Its first iteration debuted at Lesley Heller Gallery under the title The Plain Sense of Things. Of the multiple levels of content the exhibition confronted, New York Times critic Holland Cotter wrote, “Order and chaos do battle here; the territory charted is both global… and microscopic.”

In a later installation titled Circling the Center at Savannah College of Art and Design, the drawings were shown alongside a performance overseen by <mask> and featuring SCAD students, faculty and alumni. “Inspired by Victorian mourning braiding, a 19th century tradition in which loved ones would weave the deceased’s hair into a cherished memento,” performers amassed wire braids which were added to a central structure each day, “to create a multimedia experience devoted to the persistence of memory.”
 Roberto C. Lange contributed a score incorporating chants the weavers used to mark their process, <mask>'s recordings of the brain waves of mice in distress, and ambient sound. Such multimedia collaborations characterize <mask>'s recent work and place the artist in what Cristina Albu referred to as "[...] the role of hidden orchestrator of a drama that transcends individual tragedy." In its most multimedia encompassing incarnation to date, Circling the Center was staged in the round at 3LD Art & Technology Center in New York. A live cello player playing Lange's score and four performers braiding and chanting in four-part harmonies moved through a set of braiding tables and sloping scrims upon which videos were projected.Though all elements adhered to a close choreography, the piece played with time in such a way that Carey Dunne described: "What makes the performance so spellbinding is that, like grief itself, it doesn’t quite feel over even when it’s supposed to be. It sparks an eerie sense that, like something out of a fable, this woman’s process is never-ending." Grants, institutional residencies, and teaching

<mask> is the recipient of the Montalvo Artist Fellowship (2012), the Agnes Gund Production Grant for Video (2010), the Brown Foundation Fellowship at the Dora Maar House (2009), the MacDowell Colony Fellowship (2008, 1978), the Smithsonian Institution Artist Research Fellowship (2007), the Anonymous Was a Woman Award (1999), the Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship (1986), and the National Endowment for the Arts Artist Grant (1983). She served as faculty at Parsons School of Art and Design from 1992 to 1998, at New York University in 2005, and at the Vermont Studio Center from 2004 to 2009, and was a visiting artist at Brandeis University in 1999 and 2001. She is currently an artist in residence at the New York University LeDoux Center for Neuroscience. References

External links
Artist’s website
NYU Center for Neural Science website
Hirshhorn Museum Conversation with <mask> <mask>, Nov 1 2007: Podcast
Artist page at Lesley Heller Gallery

1947 births
Living people
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American sculptors
21st-century American women artists
American women installation artists
American installation artists
American women sculptors
Sculptors from Wisconsin
Feminist artists
Goddard College alumni
People from Portage, Wisconsin
York University alumni

masks:
Nene Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
Humphrey
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Humphrey
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Nene
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