title: Dale Emery

texts:
<mask> (d. March 2018), nicknamed "The Snail" (sometimes "Schnoz"), was an American drag racer. <mask> raced Fuel Altereds and Funny Cars, and briefly in wheelstanders,  as well as serving as crew chief for several top teams. Personal life
<mask> was born in Stillwater, Oklahoma and was raised in Northern California. <mask> was easy-going and fun-loving, friendly with Willie Borsch, <mask>, Rich Guasco, and John "Tarzan" Austin, and long-time friends with Pat Galvin. While generous with tools and equipment, even to competitors, he was also extremely hard-working and focused in dealing with his racing. He was married to Brenda, and lived near Dallas, Texas. <mask> died after a prolonged illness.Career
In 1955, he began racing, starting with a C/G ‘41 Chevrolet coupé gassers. He moved up to fuel cars in 1959, running a rear-engined coupé. He returned to the gas classes in 1960, at the wheel of a dragster, before taking the wheel of car owner Woody Parker's Top Fuel dragster (TF/D) in 1962. That car was built by Pete Ogden, who also built the Pure Hell Fuel Altered (AA/FA) for Rich Guasco. When Don Petrich quit the Pure Hell team in 1965, <mask> replaced him, and stayed five seasons; he frequently match raced his friend "Wild Willie" Borsch. It was while driving Pure Hell he met D. Gannt, who was a crewman for Borsch, during that time. Pure Hell was entered in a 1968 showdown event between Funny Cars and Altereds at OCIR; <mask> won the event.A week later, he recorded a  pass, on his way to winning the Hot Rod Magazine Championships at Riverside Raceway (and bettering  Borsch's  pass of the year before), a speed no Altered would surpass that season. After Pure Hell was wrecked, Guasco fielded a Pure Hell Funny Car; <mask> denies ever driving the car, though some sources say he did. Of his time with Guasco's team, <mask> said, “Driving the Pure Hell was the most fun of anything I ever did. There was no money to be made doing it, but we did it because we liked racing.”

From Guasco's AA/FA team, <mask> went to the fuel slingshot of the Rousin-O’Hare team in 1970, where he spent six months and won TF/D at DIMS. His next ride was in partnership with Gary Watson on the Flying Red Baron wheelstander Mustang, which he helped build—and crashed. After the rollover, <mask> refused to drive it again, believing "it was too much of a clown deal"

<mask> first encountered "Waterbed Fred" Miller, with whom he would continue to associate for more than fifty years, when <mask> and Gannt came into Bob Riggle's Mansfield, Ohio, shop with Flying Red Baron. Delivering Don and Roy Gay’s Infinity to Riggle, who had just purchased the funny car, led to <mask> driving for the new owner.Riggle owned the famous Hemi Under Glass wheelstander, and gave <mask> his first Funny Car ride. <mask> later worked for Sam Harris at Chaparral trailers. Starting a Funny Car team in 1973, Jeg Coughlin, Sr. hired <mask> to drive for him; he was joined by Gantt (then on Willie Borsch's crew) and Miller. Coughlin's Chevrolet Camaro won the IHRA national event at Bristol that year, taking a win over Pat Foster in Barry Setzer's Vega. <mask> won Funny Car at Le Grandnational at Sanair in 1973, defeating Frank Mancuso in the final. At the U.S. Nationals, <mask> qualified #10, and was eliminated in round one by #2 qualifier "Jungle Jim" Liberman. The same month, he won the IHRA All American Nationals at Bristol Motor Speedway, defeating top qualifier Raymond Beadle in the final, and lost to Foster at the IHRA U.S. Open at North Carolina Motor Speedway in Rockingham, North Carolina.He also reached the final round in the 1973 Supernationals at Ontario,  being eliminated by Tom "Moogoo$e" McEwen,. <mask> finished the 1973 season in spectacular fashion. "Moogoo$e" McEwen, though successful as a match racer, had yet to win his first NHRA national event; his 1973 Duster qualified #17 and only made the field at all after Bobby Rowe could not race. <mask> reached the semifinal (having recorded a best pass of 6.28), where he faced Don "The Snake" Prudhomme, who was eager to face teammate McEwen. Going to the staging lights, <mask> had a fuel line fitting leaking at one injector, but hoped it would survive the pass. Instead, the supercharger exploded and the body blew off the chassis, flipping the car over and slamming into the hay bales at the end of the strip. Replacing the destroyed one with a new, lighter body (<mask> always passionate about weight reduction), qualifying #6, the team defeated "Snake" Prudhomme and <mask>e, to meet the 1973 Vega of Frank Hall in the final, and win Funny Car, at the Winternats in 1974,  taking home a purse of US$13,800.When Coughlin stopped touring with his team, the <mask> and Gannt combination provided two wins at NHRA national events that year before Coughlin decided to quit racing to focus on his mail order business. <mask> quit in a disagreement over pay, and went back to Chaparral. <mask> briefly drove the Vega, owned by Fuel Altered racers Leroy Chadderton and Glen Okazaki (the car later raced in Britain as Gladiator), turning in one pass at 6.99 with the car on fire, after a valve lifter failure. At the 1975 IHRA World Nationals, <mask> qualified Gene "Snowman" Snow's Vega #5, only to be eliminated in the first round by #1 qualifier (and eventual event winner) <mask>e. In 1976 and 1977, <mask> and “Big Mike” Burkhart worked together, making the final at the first ever NHRA Cajun Nationals, where <mask> lost to Beadle. The duo also had peculiarly bad luck against McEwen. <mask> wrecked Burkhart’s silver Camaro fuel funny car at the 1977 U.S. Nationals.Though track marshals had to cut him from the car, <mask> suffered only a broken bone in his left arm, which was pierced by the lever of the fuel shut-off valve. It proved to be his last race. The day after his 1977 wreck, <mask> returned to the track with his arm in a cast, and was offered the chance to tune the Blue Max, which had been in the left lane the day before, by Beadle; <mask> hesitated to accept, having only ever tuned his own cars before that. When Beadle also offered to let <mask> work as a substitute driver, he accepted. He eventually joined the team and, working with Miller and Gannt, <mask> drove Blue Max, hired by Beadle (on behalf of car owner and team tuner Harry Schmidt). <mask> transformed the troubled team into one "that dominated Funny Car in the late 1970s and 1980s". 1978 was a difficult year for <mask>.The Blue Max had been a top ten car three years running before that, but suffered persistent fuel system difficulties, keeping the car from even doing successful burnouts, for most of a year. When that was cured, Blue Max promptly won at Seattle, Boise, and Kansas City. Qualifying for the 1978 Nattionals, the team recorded their first five-second pass, a 5.98, making Beadle just the second driver in the fives. They closed 1978 by defeating Tom "Mongoo$e" McEwen at the World Finals. This was precursor to winning NHRA's Funny Car championship the next three seasons in a row. In 1979, <mask> tuned Blue Max to final round finishes at the Winternationals, Springnationals, and  Mile-High Nationals, and wins at the Summernationals and Fallnationals, just edging out Don Prudhomme. Blue Max took three event wins and two final-round finishes in 1980, easily beating Billy Meyer, and capped a victorious 1981 season with a win at NHRA's most prestigious event, the U.S. Nats.Beadle's increasing attention on NASCAR left the Blue Max suffering, though <mask> tuned the car, driven by "Lil' John" Lombardo, to a win at Indy in 1985; it was eventually sold in 1990. Following the sale of Blue Max, <mask> opened Dale Emery Fuel Systems, to provide fuel pumps and fuel injectors for nostalgia drag racing teams, as well a small number of existing teams. By 2012, he was supplying a Blue Max nostalgia funny car team. Incidents
<mask> survived a couple of frightening incidents. While driving Pure Hell at Fremont Dragstrip, an improperly fastened steering wheel came off the steering column, and the car ended up in a flooded ditch, upside down, forcing him to hold his breath until the car could be righted. While racing at the 1977 U.S. Nationals, Burkhart's silver Camaro fuel funny car got out of shape, veering toward the centerline (reminiscent of an Altered), then swerved toward the guardrail and abruptly stood on its nose, something never seen before or since (through 2012), rotating along the rail two or three times before coming to rest. Though track marshals had to cut him from the car, <mask> suffered only a broken bone in his left arm, which was pierced by the lever of the fuel shut-off valve.It proved to be his last race. Talent
Besides being a driver, <mask> was a skilled innovator and engineer, able to conceive and build parts when needed, including the team's first sixteen-plug heads, as well as a revival of an old idea, dual magnetos. His ability to innovate, and to build from scratch, has been compared to Dick LaHaie, Alan Johnson, Tim Richards, Austin Coil, and Don Garlits. References

Dragster drivers
2018 deaths
Year of birth missing

masks:
Dale Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Dale Funk
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Dale Puld
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Dale Puld
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery
Emery


title: Philip Brigham

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Phil<mask> is a Canadian rock singer, composer and guitarist. Early life
<mask> became interested in music from a very early age. He played the saxophone in the school band from 4th to 9th grades, His first major influences were seeing Ricky Nelson on "The Adventures of Ozzie And Harriet" and The Beatles first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show in February 1964. He didn't start playing guitar until autumn of 1966. He took lessons, and watched how other people played, whether live or on TV, and he listened to a lot of different music. Clinic

Beginnings
At the end of his junior year in high school, <mask> moved with his family to Paris, and from 1969 to 1970 attended The American School of Paris. It was in Paris that <mask> met Phil Steele, then known as Phil Trainer.He was a 22- or 23-year-old bass player and vocalist, and he "raided" <mask>'s high school rock band, taking Phil on guitar, Gerry Murphy on drums, and flute player Chris Hayward. Steele had previously played in Japan and Italy and knew British keyboard player Alan Reeves, then 25 or 26, because Reeves had played in a band called Clinic in both countries, and Phil Steele did some Clinic gigs in Italy. They put together a five-piece band, and because they were British-American, and had some music industry connections, they immediately got signed to a production company, and subsequently were signed to EMI in France. The Road to Salina
After signing with EMI France, Reeves' fashion model wife, Albane Navizet, took a bit part in a French film by director Georges Lautner called Road to Salina. Lautner already had French pop singer Christophe on board for a few songs, and some orchestral stuff, but wanted some rock music for his film. He originally wanted Pink Floyd, then popular in Europe though virtually unknown in the U.S., but they were not available, so Clinic got a demo tape together and Albane gave it to Georges Lautner. He liked what he heard.By mostly luck, Clinic were in the right place at the right time, and got the nod to work on the soundtrack. Since the songs were being written individually by Steele, Reeves, or <mask>, or in some combination, they decided to say that all songs were <mask>-Steele, to avoid arguments over which songs got shown to the film people. Early recordings
Some of the seven songs used in the film were written before they saw the sections of film the director wanted music for, but luckily they fit. In a few cases, such as for example "The Chase", they were brand new compositions and really was a collaborative effort between the writers. They were very young when they got the chance to write music for Road to Salina, mostly in their late teens, or early 20s, and young, as in the band had not been together very long. By the time they got to do their own album, Now We're Even (recorded in 1971, released in 1972 in France), they had more of a style, similar to Santana on instruments meeting Crosby, Stills and Nash on vocals. When they were either writing new tunes specifically for the movie, or trying to find songs that fit from songs various Clinic members had written before, they were still trying to find a sound.Forming a sound
Phil Steele was more of a pop guy, influenced by The Hollies, or The Turtles or The Zombies. Alan Reeves had learned jazz piano by his father's side when he was a boy, and had become quite the Hammond organ player, à la Jon Lord from Deep Purple, or Keith Emerson of The Nice and Emerson, Lake & Palmer. Chris Hayward had studied classical music for flute and recorder. Gerry Murphy was a jazz fan but was also the kind of guy that turned everybody on to The Band. <mask> was coming at music like a singer-songwriter, like Donovan or James Taylor or Neil Young, although since Clinic, other musicians think of him more as a rock lead guitarist. Bringing all of those influences together was exciting for the young band, but it took them a long time to figure out how it might all fit. The Chase
"The Chase" was put together initially as a jam thing that they wrote specifically for Road to Salina, as opposed to some of the other tunes in that film that were written before it, and they just happened to fit.<mask> started playing "The Chase" by spontaneously playing the guitar riff that opens the tune. Alan Reeves played some rock/classical organ on top of it. At one point, they go to another section with four sustained chords which Alan Reeves came up with, just to get some relief from the repetitiveness of the riff. Scoring a movie
<mask> was a senior in high school when Clinic did the soundtrack, and he never saw the totally completed film until later. They would be shown say 1:03 minute's worth of film, and told "put some music of such-and-such type here". When the movie came out, even at age 19, Phil was a little embarrassed at how bad the quality of the production was. The movie was neither a commercial or critical success, but <mask>, Reeves & Trainer all did receive royalties, as the three songwriters from 1972 to 1988.So, while Road to Salina is admittedly "low budget", <mask> feels that if he never took part in it, he would never have gotten a writing credit years later for the Quentin Tarantino film, Kill Bill Volume 2. Back in the United States
After Clinic, <mask> came to Boston, Massachusetts to go to the Berklee College of Music. He went on to play in scores of bands, duos, and so forth in the local Boston area. In 1981, along with his then-wife Anne English, he co-wrote and recorded a song that made Boston FM-radio Station WCOZ Best of the Boston Beat Volume 2 album. The duo got some nibbles from A&M Records, but ultimately were passed over. Television Scoring
<mask> has enjoyed some success with original instrumentals placed on television between 1990 and the present: an NBC Sunday night made-for-TV movie called Condition Critical and an ABC Sunday night movie, I Saw What You Did, starring Rosanna Arquette. Also Jerry Springer, Ricki Lake, 20/20, Nickelodeon's The Adventures of Pete & Pete and Lifetime's Intimate Portrait, with Stefanie Powers.Kill Bill
At first <mask> had no idea "The Chase", from his time with Clinic scoring Road to Salina, was going to be in a Tarantino film. When he found out, he was guessing that Tarantino saw Road to Salina and remembered the parts of it that are kind of impressive, the desert cinematography, for example. In Road to Salina, they play "The Chase" for the first time in a scene not unlike the way "The Chase" is used in Kill Bill Volume 2, with a car speeding across the desert on its way somewhere. Phil later discovered more about how "The Chase" music got in Kill Bill Volume 2. "It turns out that Julie Dreyfus, who plays Sofie Fatale in Kill Bill, knew that Quentin Tarantino was looking for music, and her father, Francis Dreyfus had the rights to quite a lot of soundtrack music, including Road to Salina. The soundtrack called "La Route De Salina" was re-released, on CD by Dreyfus Records in 2003. Curiously, there's at least one Clinic song, "Come On Come On" that's in the movie, but not on the LP, and vice versa.A song called "Jacqueline" is on the LP but not in the movie." - <mask>, March 22, 2005

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
Canadian rock singers
Canadian male singers
Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian male guitarists

masks:
Philip
) Brigham
Brigham
Brigham
Brigham
Philip
Brigham
Brigham Reeves
Phil Brigham
Phil Brigham
Brigham
Brigham
Phil Brigham
Brigham
Brigham
Brigham
Philip Brigham


title: Bernard Carey

texts:
<mask> was an American politician who served as Cook County State's Attorney from 1972 through 1980. Afterwards, he would serve on the Cook County Board of Commissioners and as a judge on the Circuit Court of Cook County. A Republican, he was twice elected (in 1972 and 1976) State's Attorney in strongly Democratic Cook County, Illinois. In 1980, <mask> was narrowly unseated by Democrat Richard M. Daley. Early life and education
<mask> was the son of a school principal. <mask> graduated from De La Salle Institute in 1952. He graduated from Saint Mary's University of Minnesota.He graduated from DePaul University College of Law in 1958. While he would later be a Republican politician, during his time at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota he chaired the school's chapter of Young Democrats. Early career
<mask> worked as an agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He met Joseph I. Woods while working there. Woods hired <mask> to serve as his undersheriff, and also ushered him into Republican Party politics. Working for Richard B. Ogilvie, <mask> worked in Illinois state government, being selected by Ogilvie to organize the Illinois Bureau of Investigation in 1969.1970 Cook County Sheriff campaign
In 1970, <mask> was drafted to run as the Republican nominee for Cook County Sheriff, after incumbent Republican Joseph I. Woods opted  to run for president of the Cook County Board of Commissioners instead of the seeking a second term. <mask> narrowly lost the election to Democrat Richard Elrod. Ogilvie had been among those that had encouraged <mask> to run for the office. Cook County State's Attorney

1972 election
In 1972, <mask> was nominated by the Republican Party for Cook County State's Attorney. His victory over incumbent Democrat Edward Hanrahan was attributed largely to African-American voters' outrage over the 1969 police killings of Black Panther Party leaders Fred Hampton and Mark Clark under Hanrahan's leadership. Hanrahan had also been facing charges of conspiracy to obstruct justice relating to these killings until being acquitted the day before the general election.Hanrahan had won the Democratic Party's primary, and thereby its nomination, despite the Cook County Democratic Party, led by Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley, refusing to back his bid for reelection and supporting a primary challenger to him. <mask>'s campaign was managed by Don Rose. <mask> won most of Chicago's black wards, which largely since the 1930s had typically been won by Democratic candidates in elections. He performed competitively in all fourteen black wards, and won ten of them. <mask> ran as a reformer. <mask> had pledged that he would investigate allegations of voter fraud, political corruption, kickbacks, and other crimes by the Democratic establishment of Chicago and Cook County. <mask> ran what was described as an "understated" campaign.As a candidate, <mask> referred himself as, "a professional , not a politician". Tenure
Among the investigations <mask> launched was a police spying scandal, involving the  so-called "Red Squad" of the Chicago Police Department infiltrating public organizations. Ultimately, after eleven years of litigation that arose, a 1985 court decision would end the Chicago Police Department's unlawful surveillance of political dissenters and their organizations. <mask> would receive praise for running an honest department as state's attorney. <mask> has received credit for lying the groundwork for the investigation that would become Operation Greylord. <mask>'s office was in change of the prosecution of serial killer John Wayne Gacy. Under <mask>, the office doubled its number of attorneys to around 500 and expanded its felony review program.It also quadrupled its felony cases. After <mask>'s 2018 death, Richard A. Devine, a Democrat who had served as Cook County State's Attorney from 1996 through 2008, remarked, "Bernie was a good guy. He worked hard to do a good job. He recruited professional prosecutors." In 1976, he was reelected over Edward J. Egan, a Democrat who had stepped down from the Illinois Appellate Court in order to run against <mask>. Egan had been recruited by Richard J. Daley to run against <mask>. <mask> campaigned against Egan, in part, by tying him to Richard J. Daley.<mask> won what was seen as a strong victory, even carrying every single township of suburban Cook County. <mask> was the first Republican to win multiple terms as Cook County state's attorney. In 1980, <mask> was narrowly unseated by Democrat Richard M. Daley, the son of the late Richard J. Daley. Subsequent career
In 1982, <mask> ran for both as the Republican nominee for President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners and a Republican nominee to be a member of the Cook County Board of Commissioners from suburban Cook County. He lost the race for president, but won election to be a member of the board. In 1986, <mask> made an unsuccessful run for Illinois Attorney General, replacing James T. Ryan as the Republican nominee after Ryan withdrew from the race due to domestic violence allegations. This meant that <mask> had to withdraw from the race to win reelection to the Cook County Board of Commissioners, thus meaning his tenure on the board ended that December.In May 1988, the Illinois Supreme Court would appoint <mask> a judge on the Cook County Circuit Court, filling the vacancy left when George M. Marovich was appointed to the federal bench. His appointment was effective on May 5, 1988, and lasted until 1990. The constituency of the judgeship was suburban Cook County. In 1990, <mask> won the Republican nomination for the judgeship unopposed, <mask> won reelection in the general election. Death
<mask> died of stomach cancer on June 1, 2018 at his retirement home in Naples, Florida. His widow, Mary Rita <mask>, disclosed his death to the press on June 4. His widow revealed, after his death, that he had been diagnosed with the stomach cancer in November 2017.Personal life
<mask> had met Mary Rita, who would become his wife, at a church dance social at St. John Fisher in Evergreen Park, Illinois. He died just over a week shy of what would have been their 60th wedding anniversary. <mask> was a longtime resident of South Holland, Illinois. After he retired at the age of 59, he and his wife moved to Florida in 1995. <mask> and his wife had five children. They had ten grandchildren and three great-grandchildren by the time of <mask>'s death. Electoral history

Cook County Sheriff
1970

Cook County State's Attorney
1972

1976

1980

President of the Cook County Board of Commissioners

1982

Cook County Commissioner

1982

1986

Illinois Attorney General
1986

Circuit Court of Cook County
1990

References

County commissioners in Illinois
District attorneys in Illinois
Illinois Democrats
Illinois Republicans
Illinois lawyers
2018 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Deaths from stomach cancer
People from South Holland, Illinois
DePaul University College of Law alumni
Saint Mary's University of Minnesota alumni
De La Salle Institute alumni
Date of birth missing
Judges of the Circuit Court of Cook County

masks:
Bernard Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey


title: Terry Sylvester

texts:
<mask> (born 8 January 1947) is an English singer, songwriter and guitarist. He is a former member of the Escorts, the Swinging Blue Jeans (1966–69) and the Hollies. In the latter role, he took on the high parts formerly sung by Graham Nash, who had left the band in December 1968. Life and career

Early career/The Escorts
<mask> grew up in Allerton, Liverpool and attended school with future Badfinger guitarist, Joey Molland. At the age of 14, <mask> was employed for a time as a panel beater by George Harrison's brother. The group he co-founded, the Escorts, appeared with the Beatles in the early 1960s. The Escorts recorded their cover of "Dizzy Miss Lizzy" on Fontana Records in 1964.A compilation album of the Escorts, From the Blue Angel, was issued on LP and then in 1995, on CD. The Swinging Blue Jeans
In 1966, <mask> began a three-year stint with the Swinging Blue Jeans, replacing guitarist/vocalist Ralph Ellis. The Hollies
Sylvester's debut with the Hollies in January 1969 saw him sing on the UK chart hit singles "Sorry Suzanne" and "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother", plus on the albums Hollies Sing Dylan and Hollies Sing Hollies (both 1969), which debuted <mask>'s songwriting. His first song for the group was "Gloria Swansong", and he continued to write by himself ("Pull Down the Blind", "Cable Car" 1971), with Allan Clarke ("Why Didn't You Believe", "Man Without a Heart", "Perfect Lady Housewife") and as part of Clarke-Hicks-<mask>. This trio composed most of the Hollies songs on several albums: Confessions of the Mind (1970), Hollies (1974), Another Night (1975), Write On and Russian Roulette (both 1976 – although neither of the latter two were issued in the US in their original form) plus A Crazy Steal (1978). Some of <mask>'s work appeared on B-sides on singles including "Indian Girl" (1972), "No More Riders" (1974), in addition to singing lead vocals on the Tony Hicks and Kenny Lynch co-written song, "Oh Granny" (1972). In addition to high harmony vocals, <mask> also sang a brief lead vocal section on the 1970 UK hit, "Gasoline Alley Bred" (sung mostly by Allan Clarke).He then took on a greater share of responsibilities during the 1972–73 period, when Swedish vocalist, Mikael Rickfors, temporarily replaced Clarke. <mask> sang "Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress" on the Hollies' 1973 US tour and on American television appearances. He later sang a number of lead vocals during this period on Romany (1972). This album included a cover of Judee Sill's "Jesus Was a Crossmaker". On Out on the Road (1973), <mask> took lead vocals on several songs including "Slow Down, Go Down", "Pick Up the Pieces", and "Mr. Heartbreaker" (which was co-written with Dean Ford of Marmalade). After a period of discontent, partly over musical policy, <mask> split with the Hollies in May 1981, in an incident that precipitated the resignation of bassist Bernie Calvert. Solo work
In 1974, <mask> released his eponymous solo album, re-releasing it as I Believe with a slightly revised track listing in 1976.Jimmy Griffin guested harmony vocals on the song "Travelin' Boy", while <mask> cut solo versions of his Hollies songs "Cable Car", "Indian Girl", "Pick Up the Pieces Again" and later, a solo version of his 1973 Hollies song "I Had a Dream", which was added to the CD version of the album. The 1974 single on Polydor ("For the Peace of All Mankind", an Albert Hammond cover) and a couple of singles in 1976 ("I Believe", a Stevie Wonder cover, and "End of the Line") all taken from his solo album failed to chart. In 1978, <mask> issued the non-album singles "Too Bad Lucy Jane" and "Silver and Gold" in the UK, but these also failed to chart. He also earlier had contributed vocals to the Alan Parsons Project's first album, Tales of Mystery and Imagination (1975), singing lead on "To One in Paradise", and providing background vocals on "The Cask of Amontillado", behind John Miles. In 1994, a further solo album appeared, I Believe in Love, comprising live versions of both his Hollies and solo recorded songs, plus covers such as "It Never Rains in Southern California", from a concert recorded on 20 March 1994 in Germany. Griffin & Sylvester
In 1982, <mask>, in collaboration with Jimmy Griffin in Memphis, Tennessee, recorded and released Griffin & Sylvester on Polydor. From this album, "Please Come into My Life", was released as a single.In the mid-1990s, <mask> teamed up with Griffin again as the duo 'Griffin & Sylvester', touring the UK and Canada as a part of the 'Soft Rock Cafe'. The friendship and partnership continued, on and off, up to Griffin's death in January 2005. Their 1982 album was re-issued on compact disc with three bonus songs in 1999. Later releases, Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
A double album of <mask>'s recordings with the Hollies (mostly <mask> lead vocal tracks), the Alan Parsons Project, solo, and Griffin & <mask> entitled The Complete Works: 1969–1982, was issued in France on Magic Records in 2001. In 2010, as a member of the Hollies, <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with Graham Nash, Allan Clarke, Tony Hicks, Bobby Elliott, Bernie Calvert and Eric Haydock. Solo discography

Albums
1974: <mask>
1976: I Believe
1994: I Believe in Love

Singles
1974: "For the Peace of All Mankind"
1974: "Mary Anne"
1975: "End of the Line" - AUS #82
1976: "I Believe (When I Fall in Love It Will Be Forever)"
1978: "Silver and Gold"
1978: "Too Bad Lucy Jane"

with Jimmy Griffin (as Griffin & Sylvester)

Albums
1982: Griffin & Sylvester

Singles
1982: "Please Come into My Life"
1982: "Rozanne"

References

External links
Official website
[ <mask> biography] at AllMusic

1947 births
Living people
English male singers
English rock guitarists
British soft rock musicians
Musicians from Liverpool
The Hollies members
Rhythm guitarists
English male singer-songwriters
Beat musicians
English male guitarists

masks:
Terence Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Sylvester
Terry Sylvester
Terry Sylvester


title: Abraham de Moivre

texts:
<mask> (; 26 May 166727 November 1754) was a French mathematician known for <mask>re's formula, a formula that links complex numbers and trigonometry, and for his work on the normal distribution and probability theory. He moved to England at a young age due to the religious persecution of Huguenots in France which began in 1685. He was a friend of Isaac Newton, Edmond Halley, and James Stirling. Among his fellow Huguenot exiles in England, he was a colleague of the editor and translator <mask>. De Moivre wrote a book on probability theory, The Doctrine of Chances, said to have been prized by gamblers. De Moivre first discovered Binet's formula, the closed-form expression for Fibonacci numbers linking the nth power of the golden ratio φ to the nth Fibonacci number. He also was the first to postulate the central limit theorem, a cornerstone of probability theory.Life

Early years
<mask> <mask> was born in Vitry-le-François in Champagne on 26 May 1667. His father, <mask> <mask>, was a surgeon who believed in the value of education. Though <mask> <mask>'s parents were Protestant, he first attended Christian Brothers' Catholic school in Vitry, which was unusually tolerant given religious tensions in France at the time. When he was eleven, his parents sent him to the Protestant Academy at Sedan, where he spent four years studying Greek under Jacques du <mask>. The Protestant Academy of Sedan had been founded in 1579 at the initiative of Françoise <mask>, the widow of Henri-Robert <mask> Marck. In 1682 the Protestant Academy at Sedan was suppressed, and <mask>re enrolled to study logic at Saumur for two years. Although mathematics was not part of his course work, <mask>re read several works on mathematics on his own including Éléments des mathématiques by the French Oratorian priest and mathematician Jean Prestet and a short treatise on games of chance, De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae, by Christiaan Huygens the Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor.In 1684, <mask>re moved to Paris to study physics, and for the first time had formal mathematics training with private lessons from Jacques Ozanam. Religious persecution in France became severe when King Louis XIV issued the Edict of Fontainebleau in 1685, which revoked the Edict of Nantes, that had given substantial rights to French Protestants. It forbade Protestant worship and required that all children be baptised by Catholic priests. De Moivre was sent to Prieuré Saint-Martin-des-Champs, a school that the authorities sent Protestant children to for indoctrination into Catholicism. It is unclear when <mask>re left the Prieure de Saint-Martin and moved to England, since the records of the Prieure de Saint-Martin indicate that he left the school in 1688, but <mask>re and his brother presented themselves as Huguenots admitted to the Savoy Church in London on 28 August 1687. Middle years
By the time he arrived in London, <mask>re was a competent mathematician with a good knowledge of many of the standard texts. To make a living, <mask>re became a private tutor of mathematics, visiting his pupils or teaching in the coffee houses of London.De Moivre continued his studies of mathematics after visiting the Earl of Devonshire and seeing Newton's recent book, Principia Mathematica. Looking through the book, he realised that it was far deeper than the books that he had studied previously, and he became determined to read and understand it. However, as he was required to take extended walks around London to travel between his students, <mask>re had little time for study, so he tore pages from the book and carried them around in his pocket to read between lessons. According to a possibly apocryphal story, Newton, in the later years of his life, used to refer people posing mathematical questions to him to <mask>re, saying, "He knows all these things better than I do." By 1692, <mask>re became friends with Edmond Halley and soon after with Isaac Newton himself. In 1695, Halley communicated <mask>re's first mathematics paper, which arose from his study of fluxions in the Principia Mathematica, to the Royal Society. This paper was published in the Philosophical Transactions that same year.Shortly after publishing this paper, <mask>re also generalised Newton's noteworthy binomial theorem into the multinomial theorem. The Royal Society became apprised of this method in 1697, and it made <mask>re a member two months later. After <mask>re had been accepted, Halley encouraged him to turn his attention to astronomy. In 1705, <mask>re discovered, intuitively, that "the centripetal force of any planet is directly related to its distance from the centre of the forces and reciprocally related to the product of the diameter of the evolute and the cube of the perpendicular on the tangent." In other words, if a planet, M, follows an elliptical orbit around a focus F and has a point P where PM is tangent to the curve and FPM is a right angle so that FP is the perpendicular to the tangent, then the centripetal force at point P is proportional to FM/(R*(FP)3) where R is the radius of the curvature at M. The mathematician Johann Bernoulli proved this formula in 1710. Despite these successes, <mask>re was unable to obtain an appointment to a chair of mathematics at any university, which would have released him from his dependence on time-consuming tutoring that burdened him more than it did most other mathematicians of the time. At least a part of the reason was a bias against his French origins.In November 1697 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1712 was appointed to a commission set up by the society, alongside MM. Arbuthnot, Hill, Halley, Jones, Machin, Burnet, Robarts, Bonet, Aston, and Taylor to review the claims of Newton and Leibniz as to who discovered calculus. The full details of the controversy can be found in the Leibniz and Newton calculus controversy article. Throughout his life <mask>re remained poor. It is reported that he was a regular customer of old Slaughter's Coffee House, St. Martin's Lane at Cranbourn Street, where he earned a little money from playing chess. Later years
De Moivre continued studying the fields of probability and mathematics until his death in 1754 and several additional papers were published after his death. As he grew older, he became increasingly lethargic and needed longer sleeping hours.A common, though disputable, claim is that he noted he was sleeping an extra 15 minutes each night and correctly calculated the date of his death as the day when the sleep time reached 24 hours, 27 November 1754. On that day he did in fact die, in London and his body was buried at St Martin-in-the-Fields, although his body was later moved. Probability

De Moivre pioneered the development of analytic geometry and the theory of probability by expanding upon the work of his predecessors, particularly Christiaan Huygens and several members of the Bernoulli family. He also produced the second textbook on probability theory, The Doctrine of Chances: a method of calculating the probabilities of events in play. (The first book about games of chance, Liber de ludo aleae (On Casting the Die), was written by Girolamo Cardano in the 1560s, but it was not published until 1663.) This book came out in four editions, 1711 in Latin, and in English in 1718, 1738, and 1756. In the later editions of his book, <mask>re included his unpublished result of 1733, which is the first statement of an approximation to the binomial distribution in terms of what we now call the normal or Gaussian function.This was the first method of finding the probability of the occurrence of an error of a given size when that error is expressed in terms of the variability of the distribution as a unit, and the first identification of the calculation of probable error. In addition, he applied these theories to gambling problems and actuarial tables. An expression commonly found in probability is n! but before the days of calculators calculating n! for a large n was time consuming. In 1733 <mask> proposed the formula for estimating a factorial as n! = cn(n+1/2)e−n.He obtained an approximate expression for the constant c but it was James Stirling who found that c was . De Moivre also published an article called "Annuities upon Lives" in which he revealed the normal distribution of the mortality rate over a person's age. From this he produced a simple formula for approximating the revenue produced by annual payments based on a person's age. This is similar to the types of formulas used by insurance companies today. Priority regarding the Poisson distribution
Some results on the Poisson distribution were first introduced by <mask>re in De Mensura Sortis seu; de Probabilitate Eventuum in Ludis a Casu Fortuito Pendentibus in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, p. 219. As a result, some authors have argued that the Poisson distribution should bear the name of <mask>re. De Moivre's formula
In 1707, <mask>re derived an equation from which one can deduce:

which he was able to prove for all positive integers n. In 1722, he presented equations from which one can deduce the better known form of <mask>re's Formula:

In 1749 Euler proved this formula for any real n using Euler's formula, which makes the proof quite straightforward.This formula is important because it relates complex numbers and trigonometry. Additionally, this formula allows the derivation of useful expressions for cos(nx) and sin(nx) in terms of cos(x) and sin(x). Stirling's approximation
De Moivre had been studying probability, and his investigations required him to calculate binomial coefficients, which in turn required him to calculate factorials. In 1730 <mask> published his book Miscellanea Analytica de Seriebus et Quadraturis [Analytic Miscellany of Series and Integrals], which included tables of log (n!). For large values of n, <mask>re approximated the coefficients of the terms in a binomial expansion. Specifically, given a positive integer n, where n is even and large, then the coefficient of the middle term of (1 + 1)n is approximated by the equation:

On June 19, 1729, James Stirling sent to <mask>re a letter, which illustrated how he calculated the coefficient of the middle term of a binomial expansion (a + b)n for large values of n.  In 1730, Stirling published his book Methodus Differentialis [The Differential Method], in which he included his series for log (n! ):

,

so that for large , .On November 12, 1733, <mask>re privately published and distributed a pamphlet – Approximatio ad Summam Terminorum Binomii (a + b)n in Seriem expansi [Approximation of the Sum of the Terms of the Binomial (a + b)n expanded into a Series] – in which he acknowledged Stirling's letter and proposed an alternative expression for the central term of a binomial expansion. Celebrations
On 25 November 2017, a colloquium was organised in Saumur by Dr Conor Maguire, with the patronage of the French National Commission of UNESCO, to celebrate the 350th anniversary of the birth of <mask>re and the fact that he studied for two years at the Academy of Saumur. The colloquium was titled <mask> Moivre : le Mathématicien, sa vie et son œuvre and covered De Moivre's important contributions to the development of complex numbers, see De Moivre's formula, and to probability theory, see De Moivre–Laplace theorem. The colloquium traced De Moivre's life and his exile in London where he became a highly respected friend of Isaac Newton. Nonetheless, he lived on modest means which he generated partly by his sessions advising gamblers in the Old Slaughter's Coffee House on the probabilities associated with their endeavours! On 27 November 2016, Professor Christian Genest of the McGill University (Montreal) marked the 262nd anniversary of the death of <mask>re with a colloquium in Limoges titled <mask> Moivre : Génie en exil which discussed De Moivre's famous approximation of the binomial law which inspired the central limit theorem. See also
De Moivre number
De Moivre quintic
Economic model
Gaussian integral
Poisson distribution

Notes

References
 See de Moivre's Miscellanea Analytica (London: 1730) pp 26–42.H. J. R. Murray, 1913. History of Chess. Oxford University Press: p 846. <mask>, I., 2005, "The doctrine of chances" in Grattan-Guinness, I., ed., Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics. Elsevier: pp 105–20

Further reading

 The Doctrine of Chance at MathPages. Biography (PDF), Matthew Maty's Biography of <mask> Moivre, Translated, Annotated and Augmented. Excerpt from Trigonometric Delights (dead link)
 <mask>, On the Law of Normal Probability

1667 births
1754 deaths
People from Vitry-le-François
Huguenots
17th-century French people
18th-century French people
17th-century French mathematicians
18th-century French mathematicians
Probability theorists
French statisticians
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences

masks:
Abraham de Moivre
de Moiv
Pierre des Maizeaux
Abraham de
Moivre
Daniel de
Moivre
Abraham de
Moivre
Rondel
de Bourbon
de la
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moivre
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moivre
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
de Moiv
Abraham de
de Moiv
Abraham de
Schneider
Abraham De
de Moivre


title: Parsa Pirouzfar

texts:
<mask> (, born 13 September 1972 in Tehran), is an Iranian actor, theatre director, acting instructor, painter, playwright and translator. Biography
<mask> was born on 13 September 1972 in Tehran, Iran. He is an actor; theatre director, acting instructor, playwright, painter, and translator. From 1984 to 1990, when he was in high school, he created his first comic strips. According to the information holds on his official website, these comic stories never has been published. Having graduated from high school with Math and Physics major in 1990, he started his academic studies in painting at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Tehran in 1991. Where, in the same year, he also started acting on stage in different university plays.<mask> <mask> also worked as a voice-over actor from 1993 to 1997. His first film role came at the age of 22 in 1994, playing a brief part in Dariush Mehrjui's Pari. In the same year, he studied “Stanislavsky's acting method” under acting instructor Mahin Oskouei, the Iranian theater director and instructor and Iran's pioneering female theatre arts figure. In 1995 he continued his studies in acting at Samandarian Institute of Dramatic Arts under renowned Iranian film and theatre director, translator, and acting instructor Hamid Samandarian. His stage debut was in the same year. He performed in Les Misérables directed by Behrouz Gharibpour, Iranian theatre director and pioneer of traditional Persian puppet theatre, and played as Marius Pontmercy; however, he became involved in theatre while he was studying painting at the University of Tehran and even before playing Marius. Having graduated with a bachelor's degree from Tehran University's Faculty of Fine Arts in painting in 1997, he performed in The Lady Aoi by Yukio Mishima, directed by Bahram Beyzaie, and played the role of Hikaru.This was his second official appearance on the stage of the theatre. <mask> <mask> officially started working on his own personal projects for the stage in 2001, and he made his directional debut in theatre with 'Art', a play by Yasmina Reza. He gave acting courses as a theatre instructor at Karnameh Institute of Arts and Culture as well as in extracurricular acting classes at Allameh Tabatabaie University in 2004 and 2005 and also at Hilaj Film School  in 2007, 2010, and 2011. Since graduation from high school, <mask> <mask> has also been involved periodically in sculpture, graphic design, and making teasers. <mask> <mask> is a founder member of Iranian Theatre Actors Association, member of Khaneh Cinema (Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds), member of Iranian Film Actors Association (I.F.A.A.) and The Theatre Forum. Matryoshka (play)
In 2015 <mask> <mask> directed the play Matryoshka, a Persian-language satire based on selected short stories of Anton Chekhov, translated, written, and directed by <mask> <mask>.Matryoshka first premiered on 13 September 2015 at Theatre West, as a solo performance, in Los Angeles. The play has over 30 characters  all performed by the playwright and theatre director <mask> <mask> in its theatrical production. Matryoshka subsequently ran for two years in the US cities of Los Angeles, San Diego, and Berkeley as well as Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal in Canada in 2015 and 2016; and finally, after multiple performances due to its immense popularity, finished its staging in Tehran in Iran in 2017. Matryoshka was particularly important to <mask> <mask>'s career. His unique performance playing over 30 characters of the play all by himself was stunningly iconic. Matryoshka earned him the Golden Statue Award for Best Actor in the 35th Celebration of the annual Fajr International Theatre Festival in Tehran, Iran in 2017. Filmography

Feature films

Short films

TV series

Home video

Theatre

Voice acting

Awards

 The 35th 'Fajr International Theatre Festival', 2017

The Best Actor for Matryoshka

Jaam-e-jam International TV Network, 2010

The Best Actor by the Audience in In the Wind's Eye

 The 15th China 'Golden Rooster & Hundred Flowers Film Festival', 2006

Golden Rooster Award, The Best Foreign Feature Actor by the Audience in The Tear of the Cold

 The 7th 'Osian's Cinefan Festival of Asian Cinema', Delhi 2005

Asian Competition, The Best Actor in Tear of the Cold

 The 8th Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2004
Best Supporting Actor in Mama's Guest

Nominations

 Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2004, Best Actor in Tear of the Cold.Fajr International Film Festival 2004, Best Supporting Actor in Mama's Guest
 Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2000, Best Supporting Actor in Protest
 Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 1999, Best Actor in Sheida

Member of jury

 9th Iranian Film Festival Australia (IFFA), 2020
Theatre Forum, 2010-2011
 14th Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2010
 10th Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2001
 9th Celebration of 'Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)', 2000

Association memberships

 Iranian Theatre Actors Association, founder member
 Khaneh Cinema (The Iranian Alliance of Motion Picture Guilds)
 Iranian Film Actors Association (I.F.A.A.) Iranian Theatre Actors Association
 Theatre Forum

Teaching and instructing

 Freelance Workshops and Acting Classes
 Hilaj Film School, 2007, 2010 & 2011
 Extracurricular Acting Classes of Allameh Tabatabaie University, 2004–2005
 Karnameh Institute of Arts and Culture, 2004–2005

References

External links

1972 births
Dramaturges
Iranian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
21st-century dramatists and playwrights
Iranian theatre directors
Iranian translators
Living people
People from Tehran
Postmodern writers
University of Tehran faculty
Modernist theatre
Method actors
Mime

masks:
Parsa Pirouzfar
Parsa Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar
Parsa
Pirouzfar


title: Léon Gambetta

texts:
<mask> (; 2 April 1838 – 31 December 1882) was a French lawyer and republican politician who proclaimed the French Third Republic in 1870 and played a prominent role in its early government. Early life and education
Born in Cahors, <mask> is said to have inherited his vigour and eloquence from his father, a Genoese grocer who had married a Frenchwoman named Massabie. At the age of fifteen, <mask> lost the sight of his right eye in an accident, and it eventually had to be removed. Despite this handicap, he distinguished himself at school in Cahors. He then worked at his father's grocery shop in Cahors, the Bazar génois ("Genoese bazaar"), and in 1857 went to study at the Faculty of Law of Paris. His temperament gave him great influence among the students of the Quartier latin, and he was soon known as an inveterate enemy of the imperial government. Career

<mask> was called to the bar in 1859.He was admitted to the Conférence Molé in 1861 and wrote to his father, "It is no mere lawyers club, but a veritable political assembly with a left, a right, a center; legislative proposals are the sole subject of discussion. It is there that are formed all the political men of France; it is a veritable training ground for the tribune." <mask>, like many other French orators, learned the art of public speaking at the Molé. However, although he contributed to a Liberal review edited by Challemel-Lacour, <mask> did not make much of an impression until, on 17 November 1868, he was selected to defend the journalist Delescluze. Delescluze was being prosecuted for having promoted a monument to the representative Baudin, who had been killed while resisting the coup d'état of 1851, and <mask> seized his opportunity to attack both the coup d'état and the government with a vigour which made him immediately famous. In May 1869, he was elected to the Assembly, both by a district in Paris and another in Marseille, defeating Hippolyte Carnot for the former constituency and Adolphe Thiers and Ferdinand de Lesseps for the latter. He chose to sit for Marseille, and lost no opportunity of attacking the Empire in the Assembly.Early in his political career, <mask> was influenced by Le Programme de Belleville, the seventeen statutes that defined the radical program in French politics throughout the Third Republic. This made him the leading defender of the lower classes in the Corps Législatif. On 17 January 1870, he spoke out against naming a new Imperial Lord Privy Seal, putting him into direct conflict with the regime's de facto prime minister, Emile Ollivier. (see Reinach, J., Discours et plaidoyers politiques de M. <mask>, I.102 – 113) His powerful oratory caused a complete breakdown of order in the Corps. The Monarchist Right continually tried to interrupt his speech, only to have <mask>'s supporters on the Left attack them. The disagreement reached a high point when M. le Président Schneider asked him to bring his supporters back into order. Gambetta responded, thundering, "l'indignation exclut le calme!"("indignation excludes calm!") (Reinach, Discours et plaidoyers politiques de M. Gambetta, I.112)

It is also in 1869 that <mask> is initiated into Freemasonry at ″La Réforme″ lodge in Paris, sponsored by Louis-Antoine Garnier-Pagès. In this lodge he met Gustave Naquet and Maurice Rouvier. Proclamation of the Republic

<mask> opposed the declaration of the Franco-Prussian War. He did not, however, like some of his colleagues, refuse to vote for funds for the army. On 2 September 1870, the French Army suffered a disastrous defeat at the Battle of Sedan, in which the emperor Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner. The news arrived in Paris on the night of 3 September, and early on 4 September large-scale protests began in the capital.Parisians broke into the Palais Bourbon, meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies, interrupting a session and calling for a Republic. Later that day, from the Hôtel de Ville, Gambetta proclaimed the French Republic to a large crowd gathered in the Place de l'Hôtel-de-Ville:Frenchmen! The people has forestalled the Chamber which was wavering. To save the Nation in danger, it has asked for the Republic. It has put its representatives not in power, but in peril. The Republic was victorious against the invasion of 1792: the Republic is proclaimed. The Revolution has been carried in the name of the right of public safety

Citizens, watch over the City which is entrusted to you, tomorrow, along with the army, you shall avenge the Nation!Government of National Defense

<mask> was one of the first members of the new Government of National Defense, becoming Minister of the Interior. He advised his colleagues to leave Paris and run the government from some provincial city. This advice was rejected because of fear of another revolution in Paris, and a delegation to organize resistance in the provinces was dispatched to Tours, but when this was seen to be ineffective, <mask> himself left Paris 7 October in a coal gas-filled balloon—the "Armand-Barbès"—and upon arriving at Tours took control as minister of the interior and of war. Aided by Freycinet, a young officer of engineers, as his assistant secretary of war, he displayed prodigious energy and intelligence. He quickly organized an army, which might have relieved Paris if Metz had held out, but Bazaine's surrender brought the army of the Prussian prince Friederich Karl back into the field, and success was impossible. After the French defeat near Orléans early in December the seat of government was transferred to Bordeaux. Self-exile to San Sebastián

Gambetta had hoped for a republican majority in the general elections on 8 February 1871.These hopes vanished when the conservatives and Monarchists won nearly 2/3 of the six hundred Assembly seats. He had won elections in eight different départements, but the ultimate victor was the Orléanist Adolphe Thiers, winner of twenty-three elections. Thiers's conservative and bourgeois intentions clashed with the growing expectations of political power by the lower classes. Hoping to continue his policy of "guerre à outrance" against the Prussian invaders, he tried in vain to rally the Assembly to the war cause. However, Thiers' peace treaty on 1 March 1871 ended the conflict. <mask>, disgusted with the Assembly's unwillingness to fight, resigned and quit France for San Sebastián in Spain. While in San Sebastián, Gambetta walked the beaches daily, the warm sea winds of early spring doing little to refresh his mind.Meanwhile, the Paris Commune had taken control of the city. Despite his earlier career, <mask> voiced his opposition to the Commune in a letter to Antonin Proust, his former secretary while Minister of the Interior, in which he referred to the Commune as "les horribles aventures dans lesquelles s’engage ce qui reste de cette malheureuse France - the ghastly madness blighting what remains of our poor France "

<mask>'s stance has been explained by reference to his status as a republican lawyer, who fought from the bar instead of the barricade and also to his father having been a grocer in Marseille. As a small-scale producer during the decades of the Second Industrial Revolution in France, <mask> was nearly ruined by the competition of new chain-store food shops. This sort of "big business" made the hard-working middle-class - "petite bourgeoise" - very resentful, not only of bourgeois industrial capitalism, but also of the working class, which now held the status of backbone of the French economy, rather than the class of small, independent shopkeepers. This resentment may have been passed down from father to son, and manifested itself in an unwillingness to support the lower-class Communards in their usurpation of what the "petite bourgeoisie" had won a certain hegemony over. Return

On 24 June 1871, a letter was sent by Gambetta to his Parisian confidant, Dr. Édouard Fieuzal:

<mask> returned to the political stage and won on three separate ballots. On 5 November 1871 he established a journal, La Republique française, which soon became the most influential in France.His public speeches were more effective than those delivered in the Assembly, especially the one at Bordeaux. His turn towards moderate republicanism first became apparent in Firminy, a small coal-mining town along the Loire River. There, he boldly proclaimed the radical republic he once supported to be "avoided like the plague" (se tenir éloignés comme de la peste) (Discours, III.5). From there, he went to Grenoble. On 26 September 1872, he proclaimed the future of the Republic to be in the hands of "a new social level" (une couche sociale nouvelle) (Discours, III.101), ostensibly the petite bourgeoisie to which his father belonged. When Adolphe Thiers resigned in May 1873, and a Royalist, Marshal MacMahon, was placed at the head of the government, Gambetta urged his friends to a moderate course. By his tact, parliamentary dexterity and eloquence, he was instrumental in voting in the French Constitutional Laws of 1875 in February 1875.He gave this policy the appropriate name of "opportunism," and became one of the leader of the "Opportunist Republicans." On 4 May 1877, he denounced "clericalism" as the enemy. During the 16 May 1877 crisis, <mask>, in a speech at Lille on 15 August called on President MacMahon se soumettre ou se démettre, to submit to parliament's majority or to resign. <mask> then campaigned to rouse the republican party throughout France, which culminated in a speech at Romans (18 September 1878) formulating its programme. MacMahon, unwilling both to resign and to provoke civil war, had no choice but to dismiss his advisers and form a moderate republican ministry under the premiership of Dufaure. When the downfall of the Dufaure cabinet brought about MacMahon's resignation, <mask> declined to become a candidate for the presidency, but supported Jules Grévy; nor did he attempt to form a ministry, but accepted the office of president of the chamber of deputies in January 1879. This position did not prevent his occasionally descending from the presidential chair to make speeches, one of which, advocating an amnesty to the communards, was especially memorable.Although he directed the policy of the various ministries from behind the scenes, he evidently thought that the time was not ripe for asserting openly his direction of the policy of the Republic, and seemed inclined to observe a neutral attitude as far as possible. However, events hurried him on, and early in 1881 he headed off a movement for restoring scrutin de liste, or the system by which deputies are returned by the entire department which they represent, so that each elector votes for several representatives at once, in place of scrutin d'arrondissement, the system of small constituencies, giving one member to each district and one for vote to each elector. A bill to re-establish scrutin de liste was passed by the Assembly on 19 May 1881, but rejected by the Senate on 19 June. This personal rebuff could not alter the fact that his name was on the lips of voters at the election. His supporters won a large majority, and Jules Ferry's cabinet quickly resigned. <mask> was unwillingly asked by Grévy on 24 November 1881 to form a ministry, known as Le Grand Ministère. Many suspected him of desiring a dictatorship; unjust attacks were directed against him from all sides, and his cabinet fell on 26 January 1882, after only sixty-six days.Had he remained in office, he would have cultivated the British alliance and cooperated with Britain in Egypt; and when the succeeding Freycinet government shrank from that enterprise only to see it undertaken with signal success by Britain alone, <mask>'s foresight was quickly justified. On 31 December 1882, at his house in Ville d'Avray, near Sèvres, he died from intestine or stomach cancer. Even though he was wounded a month earlier from an accidental revolver discharge, the injury had not been life-threatening. Five artists, Jules Bastien-Lepage, a realist painter, Antonin Proust, defensor of the vanguard who <mask> had named Minister of Beaux-Arts, <mask>, an academic painter, Alexandre Falguière, who did his mortuary mask, and his personal photographer Étienne Carjat all sat at his death-bed, making five widely different representations of him which were each published by the press the following day. His public funeral was on 6 January 1883. Personal life

The romance of his life was his connection with <mask>ie <mask>, the full details of which were not known to the public till her death in 1906. She was the daughter of a creole French artillery officer.Gambetta fell in love with her in 1871. She became his mistress, and the liaison lasted until he died. Gambetta constantly urged her to marry him during this period, but she always refused, fearing to compromise his career; she remained, however, his confidante and intimate adviser in all his political plans. It seems she had just consented to become his wife, and the date of the marriage had been fixed, when the accident which caused his death occurred in her presence. Contradictory accounts of this fatal episode exist, but it was certainly accidental, and not suicide. Her influence on Gambetta was absorbing, both as lover and as politician, and the correspondence which has been published shows how much he depended upon her. However, some of her later recollections are untrustworthy.For example, she claimed that an actual interview took place in 1878 between <mask> and Bismarck. That Gambetta after 1875 felt strongly that the relations between France and Germany might be improved, and that he made it his object, by travelling incognito, to become better acquainted with Germany and the adjoining states, may be accepted, but M. Laur appears to have exaggerated the extent to which any actual negotiations took place. On the other hand, the increased knowledge of <mask>'s attitude towards European politics which later information has supplied confirms the view that in him France lost prematurely a master mind, whom she could ill spare. In April 1905 a monument by Dalou to his memory at Bordeaux was unveiled by President Loubet. Legacy

A tall  was planned in 1884 and erected in 1888 in the central space of the Louvre Palace, now Cour Napoléon. That initiative carried heavy political symbolism, since <mask> was widely viewed as the founder of the Third Republic, and his outsized celebration in the middle of Napoleon III's Louvre expansion thus affirmed the final victory of republicanism over monarchism nearly a century after the French Revolution - in the same vein, the Gambetta monument visually overpowered Napoleon's comparatively diminutive Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel. Most of the monument's sculptures were in bronze and in 1941 were melted for military use by German occupying forces.What remained of the Gambetta Monument was dismantled in 1954. A stone urn containing Gambetta's heart was placed in 1920 in the monumental staircase leading to the crypt of the Panthéon in Paris. The Russian red quartzite stone that was used for the urn was part of the same shipment that was used for Napoleon's tomb at Les Invalides. Gambetta's Ministry, 14 November 1881 – 26 January 1882

<mask> – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
Jean-Baptiste Campenon – Minister of War
Pierre Waldeck-Rousseau – Minister of the Interior
François Allain-Targé – Minister of Finance
Jules Cazot – Minister of Justice
Maurice Rouvier – Minister of the Colonies and of Commerce
Auguste Gougeard – Minister of Marine
Paul Bert – Minister of Public Instruction and Worship
Antonin Proust – Minister of the Arts
Paul Devès – Minister of Agriculture
David Raynal – Minister of Public Works
Adolphe Cochery – Minister of Posts and Telegraphs

See also

 List of works by Alexandre Falguière

References

Sources and further reading

 Bury, J. P. T.  <mask> and the Making of the Third Republic (Longman, 1973). Bury, J. P. T. "Gambetta and the Revolution of 4 September 1870." Cambridge Historical Journal 4#3 (1934): 263-82. online. Everdell, William R. The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Foley, Susan, and Charles Sowerwine. 'A Political Romance: <mask>, <mask> <mask> and the Making of the French Republic, 1872-82 (Springer, 2012). Foley, Susan. "'Your letter is divine, irresistible, infernally seductive': <mask>, <mask> <mask>, and Nineteenth-Century Epistolary Culture." French Historical Studies 30.2 (2007): 237-267 online. Lehning, James R. "Gossiping about Gambetta: Contested Memories in the Early Third Republic."French Historical Studies (1993): 237-254 online. Marzials, Frank Thomas. Life of <mask> (WH Allen, 1890) online. Primary sources
 <mask>, <mask>, and Violette M. Montagu. Gambetta: Life and Letters (T. Fisher Unwin, 1910). Gambetta. Discours et plaidoyers politiques de M. <mask>, published by J. Reinach in 11 vols.(Paris, 1881–1886)
 Gambetta  Dépêches, circulaires, décrets… in 2 vols. (Paris, 1886–1891)
 F Laur Le Creur de Gambetta (1907, Eng. trans., 1908) contains the correspondence with <mask>ie Leon
 Caricatures de <mask>ambetta Caricatures et Caricature

1838 births
1882 deaths
People from Cahors
French people of Italian descent
People of Ligurian descent
Politicians from Occitania (administrative region)
French republicans
Republican Union (France) politicians
Prime Ministers of France
French Foreign Ministers
French interior ministers
Members of the 4th Corps législatif of the Second French Empire
Members of the National Assembly (1871)
Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (France)
Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
French people of the Franco-Prussian War
Paris Commune
French radicals
French politicians with physical disabilities
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from cancer in France
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
French Freemasons

masks:
Léon Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Joseph Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Léon Bonnat
Léon
Léon
Gambetta
Gambetta
Gambetta
Léon Gambetta
Gambetta
Léon Gambetta
Léonie
Léon
Léon Gambetta
Léonie
Léon
Léon Gambetta
Gambetta
Léon
Gambetta
Léon
Léon G


title: Richard Price (poet)

texts:
<mask> (born 1966 Reading, England) is a British poet, novelist, and translator. Life
He grew up in Renfrewshire where he went to Kilmacolm Primary School, Houston Primary School, and Gryffe High School. He studied at Napier College, in journalism, and graduated the University of Strathclyde in English and Librarianship, with a joint first. He earned a PhD at University of Strathclyde. Career
He has worked with artists in sculpture, digital art, artist's books and music. His collaborators include Julie Johnstone, Simon Lewandowski, Karen Bleitz, Caroline Trettine and Ronald King. He is a lyricist and vocalist in the band Mirabeau and, later, The Loss Adjustors.His translations include the Guillaume Apollinaire poems in Eftirs / Afters (with translations of other French modernists by Donny O'Rourke, Au Quai, 1996) and the Louise Labé poems in Lute Variations (Rack Press, 2005). In the 1990s he co-edited the poetry magazines Gairfish (with W. N. Herbert), Verse (with Robert Crawford, Henry Hart, David Kinloch, and others) and Southfields (with Raymond Friel). At this time he also ran the poetry publisher Vennel Press with Leona Medlin, publishing books by W.N. Herbert, Elizabeth James, David Kinloch, Peter McCarey, Medlin and <mask> themselves, and others. He was one of the group associated with Informationist poetry, coining the phrase. He introduced Informationist ideas in 1991 in the magazine Interference and, later, in his introduction to the anthology of Informationist poetry Contraflow on the Superhighway, co-edited with Herbert (Gairfish and Southfields, 1994). He currently edits the magazine Painted, spoken.From 2003 to 2010 he was Head of Modern British Collections at the British Library, London, curating exhibitions that included Ted Hughes: The Page is Printed (2004)  and The Possibility of Poetry: From Migrant magazine to artists' books (2007). He has written on the history of the modern literary magazine in the United Kingdom, co-authoring with David Miller British Poetry Magazines 1914-2000: A History and Bibliography of 'Little Magazines''' (British Library, 2006). From 2010 to 2014 he was the Head of Content and Research Strategy at the Library, before becoming the first Head of Contemporary British Collections there, a department devoted to print, digital, manuscripts and sound.Lucky Day which reflects on the disability of his daughter, who has Angelman syndrome, was shortlisted for the Forward First Collection Prize, the Jerwood Aldburgh Prize and the  Whitbread prize.Rays (Carcanet), containing many love poems as well as variations on the sonnets and canzone of Louise Labé and Guido Cavalcanti was shortlisted for a Scottish Book Award. In 2010 he published The Island (Two Ravens Press) a novel about a father and young daughter who, as an act of revenge, steal a car. It draws on characters who first appeared in his short story collection A Boy in Summer (Neil Wilson / 11:9, 2002). In 2011 the musical project for which he was the principal lyricist, Mirabeau, released its first album, Golden Key. Several of the songs are settings of poems from his earlier poetry collections while others are closer to rock and folk genres of songwriting.Mirabeau comprised <mask> (as lyricist and vocalist) and the singer-songwriter Caroline Trettine with contributions by various musicians including Ian Kearey (of The Blue Aeroplanes). In 2012 his poem "Hedge Sparrows" was chosen to represent Great Britain in the Olympics project the Written World, and recorded for BBC radio by the actor Jim Broadbent. In the same year his collection Small World (Carcanet) was published, a collection of poems about fatherhood and daughters and their changing relationship, and, in a final, suspenseful sequence, a catastrophe which brings all the lives in the book into perspective. Small World won <mask>'s first major award to win the poetry category of the Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust Book Awards. A poem from the collection, 'An old drawer up beyond the children', was subsequently produced as an animation by Michael Hughes. In 2013 <mask> was Poet in Residence at the University of Coimbra, in association with Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal. In 2013 and 2014 he toured with Iain Bamforth, David Kinloch, Peter McCarey as "The Last Men on Mercury", appearing in Manchester, London, Geneva, Stasbourg and Glasgow and featuring guest poets including Lucy Burnett, Dorothy Lehane, Hannah Lowe, and Peter Manson.In 2014 the Slovakian film-maker Viera Čákanyová made a short film about his work, filming while he was on tour in Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Poland. In 2015 the second (and final) Mirabeau album was released, Age of Exploration. <mask> would later form The Loss Adjustors with Roberto Sainz de la Maza, who appeared as a guitarist on many Mirabeau tracks, and with Elisa

In 2016 he published Is This A Poem? (Molecular Press), selected essays on lyric poetry, little magazines, and artist's books. In 2017 his collection Moon for Sale (Carcanet) was published and subsequently shortlisted for the Saltire Society's Poetry Book of the Year. That year his collaboration with the artist Ronald King, Sedna and the Fulmar was also published, by Circle Press. Its focus on an episode in the Inuit spiritual world would be amplified later in his next Carcanet collection The Owner of the Sea: Three Inuit Sequences Retold (Carcanet, 2021).In 2018 he collaborated with the artist Julie Johnstone to produce the satirical work, Digital (essence press). At this time he began to work with Roberto Sainz de la Maza who composed the music, produced and played on the resulting album by The Loss Adjustors, The World Brims (2020). It features <mask> on vocals with the singer Elisa de Leon. All of the lyrics are written by <mask>, with many of the tracks based on poems in Moon for Sale as well as on newer, uncollected work. David Miller, <mask> (eds), British Poetry Magazines 1914-2000: A History and Bibliography (Oak Knoll Press/The British Library, 2006). David Kinloch, <mask> (eds), La Nouvelle Alliance: influences francophone sur la littérature écossaise moderne (Ellug, 2000)
James McGonigal, <mask> (eds) The Star You Steer By: Basil Bunting and British Modernism (Rodopi, 2000)
<mask>, Is This A Poem?'' (Molecular, 2016).Reviews

References

External links
 Official Website
 Poetry Recordings within Archive of the Now
 Poetry Recordings within The Poetry Archive
 The Loss Adjustors on Bandcamp
 Profile at Scottish Poetry Library

1966 births
Living people
Print editors
Scottish poets
English poets
People from Renfrewshire
English male poets

masks:
Richard John Price
Price
Price
Price
Price
Price
Price
Price
Richard Price
Richard Price
Richard Price
Richard Price


title: Charles Bronfman

texts:
<mask>,  (born June 27, 1931) is a Canadian-American businessman and philanthropist and is a member of the Canadian Jewish Bronfman family. With an estimated net worth of $2.5 billion (as of 2021), Bronfman was ranked by Forbes as the 27th wealthiest Canadian and 1249th in the world. Biography
Bronfman was born into a Jewish family in Montreal. He is the son of Samuel Bronfman and Saidye Rosner Bronfman. He has two older sisters, the art patron Baroness Aileen "Minda" Bronfman de Gunzberg, and architecture expert and developer Phyllis Lambert. His older brother, <mask>, Sr., was his fellow co-chair of Seagram. <mask>. is Edgar's son.He was educated at Selwyn House School in Montreal, Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario, and McGill University. Bronfman said he is Canadian in his heart but wanted to get dual citizenship to vote in the United States. Business career
Bronfman held various positions in the family's liquor empire, Seagram, from 1951 to 2000. In 1951 Bronfman's father Samuel Bronfman gave <mask> a 33% ownership stake in Cemp Investments, a holding company for him and his 3 siblings which controlled the family's corporate empire. Under the leadership of <mask> and brother Edgar, it controlled billions of dollars in liquor, real estate, oil and gas, and chemical companies. Bronfman and his brother, Edgar, inherited the Seagram spirits empire in 1971 after the death of their father, <mask>. Bronfman is a former co-chairman of the Seagram Company Ltd. On the demise of the company: "It was a disaster, it is a disaster, it will be a disaster," he says."It was a family tragedy." Bronfman was also well known for his forays into professional sports. He was majority owner of the Montreal Expos franchise in Major League Baseball from the team's formation in 1968 until 1990. In 1982, a day after the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League collapsed due to financial troubles, Bronfman bought their remains and used them to start a new franchise, the Montreal Concordes. This venture proved far less successful – despite later rebranding the team as the Alouettes, the team folded prior to the start of the 1987 CFL season. Since 1986, he has served as chairman of The Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies, Inc. He planned to close the foundation in 2016.From November 1997 until July 2002, Bronfman was the chairman of the board of Koor Industries Ltd., one of Israel's largest investment holding companies. He is the co-chairman of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada. From 1999 to 2001, Bronfman was the first chairman of the United Jewish Communities, the merged North American organization comprising United Jewish Appeal, the Council of Jewish Federations and United Israel Appeal. In April 2013, Bronfman was one of 100 prominent American Jews who sent a letter to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu urging him to "work closely" with Secretary of State John Kerry "to devise pragmatic initiatives, consistent with Israel's security needs, which would represent Israel's readiness to make painful territorial sacrifices for the sake of peace." Philanthropy
He and Michael Steinhardt co-founded Taglit Birthright, a program which provides a free, educational travel experience to Israel for young Jewish adults. Bronfman is one of its principal donors. Since 1999, the program has sent more than 700,000 young Jews from around the world on a 10-day free trip to Israel.In 1991, Bronfman with billionaire Leslie Wexner formed the "Mega Group", a loosely organized club of some the wealthiest and most influential businessmen who were concerned with Jewish issues. Max Fisher, Michael Steinhardt, Leonard Abramson, <mask> Sr., and Laurence Tisch were some of the members. The "Mega Group" would meet twice a year for two days of seminars related to the topic of philanthropy and Jewishness. In 1998, Steven Spielberg spoke about his personal religious journey, and later the group discussed Jewish summer camps. The "Mega Group", went on to inspire a number of philanthropic initiatives such as the Partnership for Excellence in Jewish Education, Birthright Israel, and the upgrading of national Hillel. Bronfman is chairman of the Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies Inc., a family of charitable foundations operating in Israel, the U.S., and Canada. Since its foundation in 1986, the charity spent more than $340 million to about 1,820 organizations.In 2016 Bonfman closed the charity, which was planned over years. Bronfman is also responsible for The Charles Bronfman Prize, honoring individuals for their humanitarian contributions. The first winner was Gift of Life Marrow Registry founder Jay Feinberg. He also founded the CRB Foundation, which runs educational enrichment classes in outlying areas in collaboration with the Education Ministry in Israel. Bronfman was a founding co-chairman of Historica Canada, producers of the Heritage Minutes series of television shorts. It was at an early meeting of this foundation (originally the CAB Foundation) that he asked the members, "If television can use 30 seconds or 60 seconds to persuade people that Cadillacs or cornflakes are interesting, couldn't we also use that short piece of time to persuade Canadians that their history is interesting? You tell me how to do it, and I'll fund it."It was out of that discussion that the Heritage Minutes were conceived, piloted, distributed through cinemas and broadcasters across the country, and then confirmed as a major contribution of the foundation – which a few years later became Historica, recently merged with the Dominion Institute. Bronfman joined the Giving Pledge, an initiative of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Personal life
Bronfman has been married four times:
 Barbara Baerwald. Married 1961, divorced 1982. They had two children. Stephen Bronfman runs the investment firm founded by his father, Claridge. He is married to Claudine Blondin.<mask> Hauptman is married to Andrew Hauptman. They are the founders of the private investment firm Andell Holdings, the owner of the Chicago Fire Soccer Club. Andrea "Andy" Brett Morrison (1945–2006). In 1982, he married Morrison; she died in 2006 after being struck by a taxi when she went out to walk her dog. She has three children from a previous marriage to Canadian manufacturer David Cohen, grandson of Lyon Cohen and cousin of singer Leonard Cohen: Jeremy Cohen, Pippa Cohen, and Tony Cohen. Bonita "Bonnie" Roche. In 2008, married Roche, an architect, in New York City.They divorced in 2011, on amicable terms, celebrating their divorce with a lavish "divorce party." Rita Mayo. They married in 2012. Awards and honours
 1981: Made an Officer of the Order of Canada
 1990: Doctorate of Philosophy, Honoris Causa awarded from Hebrew University of Jerusalem
 1990: Doctorate of Laws, Honoris Causa received from McGill University. 1992: Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. 1992: Promoted to Companion of the Order of Canada
 1992: Doctorate of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa from Brandeis University
 1992: Doctorate of Laws, Honoris Causa from Concordia University
 1995: Doctorate of Laws, Honoris Causa from the University of Waterloo
 2000: Doctorate of Laws, Honoris Causa from the University of Toronto
 2002: Bronfman, along with his wife Andrea, were awarded Honorary Citizenship of Jerusalem
2019: Honorary citizen, invited by the City of Montreal to sign the city's book of honour

Works or publications
 Bronfman, <mask>, and Jeffrey Solomon. The Art of Doing Good: Where Passion Meets Action.San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2012. Bronfman, <mask>, and Jeffrey Solomon. The Art of Giving: Where the Soul Meets a Business Plan. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2010. Seagram Museum collection  at Hagley Museum and Library (finding aid)

References

External links
 <mask>fman Family at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1931 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
<mask>fman
Businesspeople from Montreal
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian billionaires
Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Canadian Zionists
Companions of the Order of Canada
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Major League Baseball owners
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
McGill University alumni
Montreal Alouettes owners
Montreal Expos owners

masks:
Charles Bronfman
Edgar Bronfman
Edgar Bronfman Jr
Charles
Charles
Sam Bronfman
Edgar Bronfman
Ellen Bronfman
Charles
Charles
Charles Bronmanron
Charles Bron


title: Jim Donnelly (baseball)

texts:
James B<mask> (July 19, 1865 – March 5, 1915) was an American professional baseball player whose career spanned from 1884 to 1900. He played all or part of 11 seasons in Major League Baseball, principally as a third baseman, for nine different major league clubs. In his 11 major league seasons, Donnelly compiled a .230 career batting average and led the National League's third basemen with 73 errors in 1886 and 275 assists in 1887. Donnelly's longest stints were with the Washington Nationals (243 games from 1887 to 1889), the Kansas City Cowboys (113 games in 1886), and the Baltimore Orioles (106 games in 1896). In 1896, he raised his batting average to .328 and was the starting third baseman for the 1896 Baltimore Orioles team than won the National League pennant with a 90–39 record. Early years
<mask> was born in 1865 in New Haven, Connecticut. His parents, Michael and <mask>, were immigrants from Ireland.His father worked in a lock shop. Professional baseball players

Indianapolis Hoosiers
Donnelly began his professional baseball career in 1884 with the Terre Haute, Indiana baseball club in the Northwestern League. In August of that same year, he made his major league debut with the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the National League. In 40 games with the Hoosiers, Donnelly compiled a .254 batting average

In 1885, the Hoosiers left the National League, lost their major league status, and joined the newly formed Western League in 1885. Donnelly remained with the Hoosiers at the start of the 1885 season and compiled a .211 batting average in 32 games. The Hoosiers were the dominant team in the Western League, compiling an .880 winning percentage. Detroit Wolverines
In mid June 1885, the Western League disbanded, and a mad rush developed to sign the players on the Indianapolis roster, a line-up that included Sam Thompson, Deacon McGuire, Sam Crane, Chub Collins, Mox McQuery, Gene Moriarty, and Dan Casey.Donnelly was sold in a deal that sent most of the Hoosiers' roster to the Detroit Wolverines. Donnelly appeared in 56 games, all at third base, for the Wolverines during the 1885 season. He compiled a .232 batting average with four doubles, three triples, one home run and 22 RBIs. Kansas City Cowboys
Prior to the 1886 season, <mask> was purchased by the Kansas City Cowboys from the  Wolverines. He appeared in 113 games, all at third base, for the Cowboys in 1886 and compiled a .201 batting average. He ranked among the leading National League third basemen that year with 73 errors (1st), 153 putouts (2nd), 13 double plays turned (3rd), and a 3.52 range factor (3rd). Washington Nationals
In March 1887, the Washington Nationals purchased rights to Donnelly for $2,500.He played three seasons with the Nationals from 1887 to 1889. He was the team's starting third baseman during the 1887 and 1888 seasons, appearing in 239 games during those two seasons. During the 1887 season, he ranked among the leading National League third basemen with 63 errors (2nd), 21 double plays turned (2nd), a 3.57 range factor (4th), and 136 putouts (5th). He also ranked second in the league with 51 errors at third base in 1888. In 1889, Donnelly appeared in only four games for the Nationals and spent most of the season with the newly formed Detroit Wolverines
of the International Association. He compiled a .285 batting average in 89 games for Detroit in 1889 and played another 16 games for Detroit in 1890. St. Louis and Columbus
On July 19, 1890, Donnelly was dealt by Detroit to the St. Louis Browns of the American Association.In his return to the major leagues, he compiled a career high .333 batting average in 11 games with the Browns. Donnelly began the 1891 season with Omaha in the Western Association. He compiled a .268 batting average in 58 games with Omaha. In July 1891, Donnelly jumped from Omaha to the Columbus Solons of the American Association. He appeared in only 17 games for the Solons and was released on August 25, 1891. Return to the minors
After his brief stint with the Solons, Donnelly again returned to the minor leagues, playing in the Eastern League for four years from 1892 to 1895, including stints with the Buffalo Bisons, New Haven Nutmegs, Troy Trojans, and Springfield Ponies. He compiled a .334 batting average in 101 games with Troy in 1893 and hit .305 in 93 games for Springfield in 1895.Baltimore Orioles
Donnelly returned to the major leagues in 1896 with the Baltimore Orioles. Donnelly appeared in 106 games as the team's third baseman, replacing John McGraw at the position. He joined an Orioles team that was managed by Ned Hanlon, featured Hughie Jennings and Willie Keeler, and won the National League pennant with a 90–39 record. In May 1896, The Sporting Life wrote that "[a] prettier or a headier fielder than <mask>y it would be difficult to find", but found it to be a pity that he was not more capable with the bat. In the end, <mask>'s bat perked up considerably in his only season with the Orioles, as he compiled a .328 batting average with 14 doubles, 10 triples, 71 RBIs, and 38 stolen bases. Final years
In November 1896, the Orioles traded <mask> with Steve Brodie to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Elmer Horton, Tom O'Brien, Jake Stenzel and Harry Truby. Donnelly appeared in 44 games for the Pirates and finished the 1887 season appearing in 23 games for the New York Giants.His batting average in 1897 dropped to .191 – a decline of .137 points from the previous year. In November 1897, the Giants traded <mask> and Ducky Holmes with $3,500 to the St. Louis Browns for Mike Grady and Fred Hartman. In early April 1898, The Sporting News questioned Donnelly's readiness for major league play: "<mask>y has not shown up well so far. He has dicky legs, his fielding has not been particularly brilliant, and his batting has been lamentably weak." On May 12, 1898, Donnelly appeared in his first and only game for the Browns – Donnelly's last in the major leagues. He had a double in his only at bat in the game. Although his major league career ended in May 1898, Donnelly continued to play in the minor leagues through the 1900 season, including stints with the Syracuse Stars, New Haven Blues, and Springfield Ponies.Later years
At the time of the 1900 United States Census, <mask> was living with his mother, Sarah, and sister, Minnie, in New Haven, Connecticut. His occupation was listed as a ball player. <mask> was married in 1909 to Elizabeth Kissan. By 1910, <mask> and his wife were living in Stamford, Connecticut, and he was employed as a railroad brakeman. <mask> died in 1915 at age 49 in Meriden, Connecticut. Donnelly played during the same time period as James Henry <mask>, who played third base for the Kansas City Cowboys in 1884. Their statistics are often conflated into a single player record, but the two were unrelated.References

1865 births
1915 deaths
Major League Baseball third basemen
Baseball players from New Haven, Connecticut
Indianapolis Hoosiers (AA) players
Detroit Wolverines players
Kansas City Cowboys (NL) players
Washington Nationals (1886–1889) players
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
Columbus Solons players
Baltimore Orioles (NL) players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
New York Giants (NL) players
St. Louis Browns (NL) players
19th-century baseball players
Terre Haute (minor league baseball) players
Indianapolis Hoosiers (minor league) players
Detroit Wolverines (minor league) players
Omaha Lambs players
New Haven Nutmegs players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Troy Trojans (minor league) players
Springfield Ponies players
Springfield Maroons players
Troy Washerwomen players
Scranton Indians players
Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players
New Haven Blues players

masks:
. Donnelly
Donnelly
Sarah Donnelly
Donnelly
Jim Donnell
Donnelly
Donnelly
Donnelly
Jim Donnell
Donnelly
Donnelly
Donnelly
Donnelly
Donnelly