title: Chris Cuomo

texts:
<mask> ( ; born August 9, 1970) is an American television journalist, best known as the former presenter of Cuomo Prime Time, a weeknight news analysis show on CNN. He has previously been the ABC News chief law and justice correspondent and the co-anchor for ABC's 20/20, and News anchor for Good Morning America from 2006 to 2009. Subsequently, he was one of two co-anchors of the weekday edition of New Day, a three-hour morning news show, until May 2018. Cuomo is the brother of <mask>, who was the 56th Governor of New York from 2011 to 2021, and the son of <mask>, who served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 until 1994. In November 2021, Cuomo was suspended indefinitely by CNN, after reports that he assisted in the defense against the sexual harassment allegations that led to his brother's resignation. He was fired by CNN the following month. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the New York City borough of Queens.He is the youngest child of <mask>, the former governor of New York, and <mask> (née Raffa), and the brother of <mask>, the former Governor of New York. His parents were both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in the Campania region of southern Italy, while his maternal grandparents were from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina). Cuomo was educated at Immaculate Conception School in Jamaica, Queens, and at The Albany Academy, a private university preparatory day school in Albany, New York, followed by Yale University, where he earned an undergraduate degree, and the Fordham University School of Law, where he earned his Juris Doctor in 1995. He is a licensed attorney. <mask>'s early career in journalism included appearances related to social and political issues on CNBC, MSNBC, and CNN. He was a correspondent and political policy analyst for Fox News and Fox Broadcast Network's Fox Files, where he covered a wide range of stories focusing on controversial social issues. When asked if he should be considered a journalist on his show Cuomo said: "I don't know how that's relevant.I don't care what they classify me as. I'm not forwarding my agenda. That's not my thing. My opinion is irrelevant." When hired for Fox Files Roger Ailes, the Fox News chairman called Cuomo "fearless." At ABC and as co-anchor of 20/20, his year-long coverage of heroin addiction revealed the extent to which it was affecting suburban families. His other work has included coverage of the Haiti earthquake, child custody, bullying, and homeless teens.Policy changes followed his undercover look at for-profit school recruiters, including an industry-wide cleanup. <mask>'s tip from a BMW owner led to a recall of over 150,000 affected vehicles. From September 2006 to December 2009, he was the news anchor for Good Morning America. He was the primary reporter on breaking news stories, both in the U.S. and around the world, including dozens of assignments in some 10 countries. He covered the war on terrorism, embedded on multiple occasions in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iraq (where his convoy was hit by an IED). In the U.S., he covered the Virginia Tech shooting, the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, and the Pennsylvania Amish school shootings. He did live broadcasts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the Sago Mine collapse, and the Minneapolis bridge collapse in August 2007.He anchored morning and evening coverage. During his period at ABC, he had a website, "Cuomo on the Case," as well as two weekly digital programs: The Real Deal and Focus on Faith. He also appeared with Father Edward Beck on ABC News Now, the network's 24-hour digital outlet. In February 2013, Cuomo moved to CNN to co-host its morning show. He made his debut on CNN as field anchor on the February 8, 2013, episode of Piers Morgan Tonight, covering the February 2013 nor'easter. In March 2018, while serving as the co-anchor of CNN's morning show New Day, it was announced that Cuomo would move to prime time to host Cuomo Prime Time. In October 2017, sister network HLN premiered a new documentary series hosted by the anchor, Inside with <mask>, which focused on "stories affecting real people, in real towns and cities across America."In September 2018, he began hosting a two-hour weekday radio show "Let's Get After It" on the P.O.T.U.S. channel on SiriusXM. Andrew Cuomo coverage and termination from CNN
While recovering from COVID-19 in early 2020, <mask> interviewed his brother, New York Governor <mask>, on his CNN program. After reports about sexual harassment allegations against his brother surfaced, Cuomo said on his program in March 2021 that he could not cover any issues regarding the allegations on the program, acknowledging his obvious conflict of interest. In May 2021, Cuomo was reported to have participated in strategic discussions to advise his brother on how to respond to the allegations. CNN called Cuomo's engagement in the conversations "inappropriate" but said that it would not take any disciplinary action against him. Multiple CNN staffers said they were "vexed" by Cuomo's conduct and the violation of journalism ethics and standards.Cuomo subsequently issued an apology and stated that advising his brother was a "mistake" that would "never happen again." In August, <mask> addressed his brother's impending resignation, reiterating he was not an adviser to Andrew and noting he had persuaded his brother to step down as governor. On November 29, 2021, the New York attorney general's office released documents that show Cuomo used his media sources to uncover information about his brother's known accusers and inquire about the possibility of new accusers who had yet to come forward publicly. The documents also show that Cuomo helped formulate statements for Andrew and that Cuomo was actively in touch with a top aide to Andrew about future reports about Andrew's alleged misconduct. The following day, Cuomo was suspended indefinitely from CNN. Cuomo called his suspension "embarrassing" but said he understood "why some people feel the way they do about what I did." On December 4, after an internal review conducted by a law firm, CNN terminated Cuomo's employment and said they would investigate Cuomo's "involvement with his brother's defense".Cuomo stated he never tried to influence his own network's coverage of his brother's sexual allegation problems. Termination fallout
On December 6, 2021, Cuomo announced he would be leaving his job on SiriusXM where he hosted a two-hour a day show. On the same day, it was reported that Cuomo is threatening to file a lawsuit against CNN to recover the $18 million of his remaining contract, on the grounds that network president Jeff Zucker understood the details of <mask>'s involvement with his brother's defense. Zucker has denied this was the case, and subsequently claimed in a virtual meeting with employees that he had reprimanded Cuomo in May, and that "<mask> had gone further than he had told me and told other members of our senior executive team." On December 7, 2021, HarperCollins announced they would not be going forward in publishing Cuomo's book, originally titled "Deep Denial" in the fall of 2022. The book was to be an analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Presidency of Donald Trump. Sexual misconduct allegations
In September 2021, Cuomo's former boss Shelley Ross accused him of sexual harassment in a New York Times op-ed.Stopping short of asking him to be fired from CNN, she said she would "like to see him journalistically repent." <mask> admitted to the incident, describing it as "not sexual in nature." He said he "apologized to her then, and I meant it." In December 2021, Debra Katz, the attorney for another former colleague of <mask>'s, informed CNN that her client had accused <mask> of sexual misconduct. Katz has since claimed that this accusation precipitated <mask>'s termination. Awards
Cuomo has received multiple Emmy Award nominations. His Good Morning America profile of the 12-year-old poet Mattie Stepanek was recognized with a News Emmy, making him one of the youngest correspondents to receive the award.He has been awarded Polk and Peabody Awards for team coverage. His work has been recognized in the areas of breaking news, business news, and legal news, with the Edward R. Murrow Award for breaking news coverage, the 2005 Gerald Loeb Award for Television Deadline business reporting for "Money for Nothing? ", and the American Bar Association Silver Gavel Award for investigating juvenile justice. Personal life
In 2001, <mask> married Gotham magazine editor Cristina Greeven in a Roman Catholic ceremony in Southampton, New York. They reside in Manhattan with their three children. <mask> also owns a home in Southampton. On August 13, 2019, in Shelter Island, New York, Cuomo threatened to throw a heckler down a flight of stairs at a bar, and chastised him with profanity-laced insults after the man called him Fredo, in reference to the fictional character from The Godfather novel and films.Cuomo told the man that the use of the name "Fredo" was tantamount to "the n-word" for Italian-Americans, which caused debate on Twitter about the assertion. <mask> addressed the incident publicly, tweeting his appreciation to his supporters but acknowledging that he "should be better than what [he] oppose[s]." During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> announced on March 31, 2020, that he had been diagnosed with COVID-19. During his quarantine, he broadcast his usual weekday program from his home. <mask> later said he had a hallucination of his dead father, former New York Governor <mask>, as a result of symptoms from the virus. See also
Cuomo family
New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
ABC News personalities
The Albany Academy alumni
American people of Italian descent
People of Campanian descent
People of Sicilian descent
American television news anchors
American television reporters and correspondents
Andrew Cuomo
Catholics from New York (state)
CNN people
Cuomo family
Fordham University School of Law alumni
Gerald Loeb Award winners for Television
New York (state) lawyers
News & Documentary Emmy Award winners
People from Queens, New York
Yale University alumni

masks:
Chris Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Mario Cuomo
Cuomo
Mario Cuomo
Matilda Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Career Cuomo
Cuomo
Chris Cuomo
Chris Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Chris
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Cuomo
Mario Cuomo


title: Pamela Brooks

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 11 February 1966 in Essex, England) is a British writer of non-fiction books. She also writes romance novels under the pseudonym of Kate Hardy, and formerly wrote erotic novels as Lucinda Chester, Evelyn D'Arcy, Chelsea Miller and <mask>. Her novels won three Love Story of the Year awards by the Romantic Novelists' Association: in 2008, Breakfast at Giovanni's; in 2014, Bound by a Baby; in 2021, A Will, a Wish and A Wedding

Biography
<mask> was born in Essex, England, UK and grew up in Norfolk, England, UK. At university, she specialized in Old English and Thomas Hardy. She married Gerard "Gerry", and settled in Norwich, Norfolk, where she sold her first novel. They have two children, Chris and Chloë. (2008)
 The Millionaire Boss's Reluctant Mistress (2009)
 Temporary Boss, Permanent Mistress (2009)
 Falling for the Playboy Millionaire (2009)
 Good Girl Or Gold-Digger?(2010)
 Red Wine and Her Sexy Ex (2010)
 The Doctor's Lost-and-Found Bride (2010)
 Neurosurgeon... and Mum! (2010)
 Champagne With a Celebrity (2010)
 A Christmas Knight (2010)
 The Fireman and Nurse Loveday (2011)
 A Moment on the Lips (2011)
 Italian Doctor, No Strings Attached (2011)
 The Ex Who Hired Her (2012)
 Dr Cinderella's Midnight Fling (2012)
 The Hidden Heart of Rico Rossi (2012)
 Once a Playboy... (2012)
 Ballroom to Bride and Groom (2013)
 The Brooding Doc's Redemption (2013)
 Bound by a Baby (2013)
Behind the Film Star’s Smile (2014)
Crown Prince, Pregnant Bride (2014)
Bachelor at Her Bidding (2015)
A Baby to Heal Their Hearts (2015)
It Started at a Wedding (2015)
A Promise. . . to a Proposal? (2015)

 Falling for Mr December (2015)
 Her Playboy’s Proposal (2016)
 Capturing the Single Dad’s Heart (2016)
 Falling for the Secret Millionaire (2016)
 The Midwife’s Pregnancy Miracle (2016)

 Her Festive Doorstep Baby (2016)
 Mummy, Nurse, Duchess? (2017)
 His Shy Cinderella (2017)

 Christmas Bride for the Boss (2017)
 Unlocking the Italian Doc’s Heart (2018)
 Reunited at the Altar (2018)
 Carrying the Single Dad’s Baby (2018)

 A Diamond in the Snow (2018)
 Heart Surgeon, Prince… Husband! (2019)
 Finding Mr Right in Florence (2019)
 Nurse and a Pup to Heal Him (2019)
 Mistletoe Proposal on the Children’s Ward (2019)
 One Night to Remember (2020)
A Will, a Wish and a Wedding (2020)
Forever Family for the Midwife (2020)
Surprise Heir for the Princess (2021)

London City General
 The Doctor's Tender Secret (2004)
 The Baby Doctor's Desire (2004)
 The Doctor's Pregnancy Surprise (2005)

Posh Docs
 Her Celebrity Surgeon (2005)
 Her Honorable Playboy (2006)

The London Victoria
 The Greek Doctor's New-Year Baby (2008)
 The Children's Doctor's Special Proposal (2009)

To Tame a Playboy
 Surrender to the Playboy Sheikh (2009)
 Playboy Boss, Pregnancy of Passion (2009)
200 Harley Street

 The Soldier Prince (2014)

Billionaires of London

 Billionaire, Boss. . . Bridegroom?

masks:
Pamela Brooks
Pamela Rochford
Pamela Brooks


title: Berthold Lubetkin

texts:
<mask> (14 December 1901 – 23 October 1990) was a Georgian-British architect who pioneered modernist design in Britain in the 1930s. His work includes the Highpoint housing complex, London Zoo penguin pool, Finsbury Health Centre and Spa Green Estate. Early years
Although certificates exist stating that his birth was in Warsaw in 1903, <mask> described these as false documents which he had used to conceal time spent in the Red Army. It is believed he was born in Tbilisi, (now the capital of Georgia), into a Jewish family. His father, Roman (Reuben<mask> (1885, St. Petersburg – 1942, Auschwitz), was a civil engineer for the railroad. <mask> studied in Moscow and Leningrad where he witnessed the Russian Revolution of 1917 and absorbed elements of Constructivism, both as a participant in street festivals and as a student at VKhUTEMAS. <mask> practised in Paris in the 1920s in partnership with Jean Ginsburg, with whom he designed an apartment building on the Avenue de Versailles (number 25).In Paris, he associated with the leading figures of the European Avant Garde including Le Corbusier. He continued to participate in the debates of Constructivism, designing a trade pavilion for the USSR in Bordeaux and participating in the Palace of the Soviets competition, for which his entry was shortlisted. Tecton in the 1930s

Emigrating to London in 1931 from the Soviet Union, <mask> settled in the artists' community associated with the British art critic Herbert Read, located in Hampstead. In London he set up the architectural practice Tecton. The first projects of Tecton included landmark buildings for London Zoo, the gorilla house and a penguin pool (clearly showing the influence of Naum Gabo). <mask> and Tecton set up the Architects and Technicians Organisation in 1936. Tecton were also commissioned by London Zoo to design buildings for their reserve park at Whipsnade and to design a completely new zoo in Dudley.Dudley Zoo consisted of twelve animal enclosures and was a unique example of early Modernism in the UK. All of the original enclosures survive, apart from the penguin pool, which was demolished in 1979. According to the 20th Century Society: 'Encapsulated in the playful pavilions at Dudley is a call to remember the higher calling of all architecture, embracing not just material needs but also the desire to inspire and delight.' Tecton's housing projects included private houses in Sydenham, one of the UK's few modernist terraces at 85-91 Genesta Road in Plumstead, south London, and most famously the Highpoint apartments in Highgate. Highpoint One was singled out for particular praise by Le Corbusier, while Highpoint Two exhibited a more surreal style, with its patterned facade and caryatids at the entrance. The Labour Party council in the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury were major patrons of Tecton, commissioning the Finsbury Health Centre, which was completed in 1938. Lubetkin and Tecton's achievement in Finsbury was to unite the aesthetic and political ambitions of Modernism with the radical municipal socialism of the Borough.The health centre resolved the tension between three key modernist ideals. First: a social function; universal access to healthcare free at the point of use for the borough's residents (a decade before the NHS). Second, the political;  no longer was social good to be achieved through charity or hope, instead it was provided by a democratically elected and accountable municipal authority, funded through local taxation. And third, the element which made Tecton's work unique, the aesthetic. The building's  tiled facade shone above the surrounding slums, its rational conception asserted the ideal of a socialist future as the rational endgame to progress;  in <mask>'s words the architecture "cried out for a new world". <mask>'s modernism –  'nothing is too good for ordinary people' – laid down a challenge to the class bound complacency of thirties Britain. But Tecton's plans to replace Finsbury's slums with modern flatted housing were stopped by the onset of war in 1939.Paradoxically the war would move <mask>'s work from the radical fringe to the mainstream. As the fighting progressed, the British government became increasingly committed to the idea of building a fairer society when peacetime came. As this was articulated through propaganda, Modernist architecture became the visual expression for this radiant future. Abram Games designed a series of posters comparing the promise of modernism, one featuring the Finsbury Health Centre, with the appalling realities of pre war Britain. The uncompromising title to each poster was: 'Your Britain- Fight for it Now'. A further sign of this political shift was the erection in 1941 of a statue in memorial to Lenin. Designed by <mask>, the memorial marked the site of Lenin's lodgings at Holford Square, London in 1902/3.The Monument had been defaced many times by those opposed to Communist Russia and its ideals at the time. This resulted in the monument being placed under 24-hour police guard. Post-war

The post-war Labour victory was built on the promise of modernism as pioneered by Tecton. The Finsbury Health Centre became a model for the new National Health Service. To confirm the significance of <mask>'s vision, the Minister of Health Aneurin Bevan laid the foundation stone to Tecton/Finsbury's Spa Green Estate in winter 1946. Spa Green remained the flagship estate, adapting many features from the luxury Highpoint flats for working families (including lifts, central heating, balconies, daylight from multiple directions, and a spectacular roof terrace); in 1998 it received a high Grade II* listing for its architectural significance and the 2008 restoration brought back the original colour scheme. Spa Green was the first of a series of housing projects for the practice including Finsbury's Priory Green Estate and Tecton's work in Paddington (led by Denys Lasdun) at the Hallfield Estate.These all showed a more decorative, patterned style which contrasted greatly with the Brutalist style that was soon to emerge as the dominant form of welfare state architecture. Ironically, however, several features of <mask>'s 1940s neo-Constructivist modernism have become staples of postmodern architecture, for example at Spa Green the floating roof canopy, the stairwells marked by repeated clusters of square 'windows', and the acute-angled canted meeting lodge. For most of these projects Lubetkin and Tecton worked closely with Ove Arup as structural engineer. Arup's innovative concrete 'egg-crate' construction at Spa Green gave each flat clear views unobstructed by internal pillars, and his aerodynamic 'wind roof' provided a communal area for drying clothes and social gathering. In 1947, <mask> was commissioned to be master planner and chief architect for the Peterlee new town. The following year Tecton was dissolved. Commenting on this, Lubetkin wrote to fellow Tecton member Carl Ludwig Franck "that after the war Tecton was at best a ghost of its former self".<mask>'s masterplan for Peterlee included a new civic centre for which he proposed a number of high rise towers. However the extraction of coal was to continue under the town for several years which posed a risk of subsidence. As a result, the National Coal Board (NCB), itself an agency of the Ministry of Fuel and Power would only consider a dispersed low density development. Despite investigating a number of options that would have allowed coal extraction to continue without preventing the proposed development, the NCB would not alter their policy. As <mask> was the employee of the Ministry of Town and Country Planning this developed into an inter-ministerial battle, and despite attempts at dispute resolution at cabinet level the difference in approach between the ministries remained. Frustrated at the unresolved bureaucratic battles, <mask> resigned from the Peterlee project in spring 1950. The only physical sign of his involvement in the scheme exists in the adjoining opposed parabola forms of the road layout at Thorntree Gill.<mask> returned to Finsbury to complete (in collaboration with Francis Skinner and Douglas Bailey) his final project for the Borough, Bevin Court. Initially named Lenin Court the housing scheme was to incorporate <mask>'s Lenin Memorial. Post-war austerity had imposed far greater budgetary constraints than in the showpiece Spa Green Estate, forcing <mask> to strip the project of the basic amenities he had planned; there were to be no balconies, community centre or nursery school. To save costs, <mask> made significant use of prefabricated floor and wall components. Instead he focused his energies on the social space. Fusing his aesthetic and political concerns he created a stunning constructivist staircase – a social condenser that forms the heart of the building. Before the building was completed the Cold war had intensified and as a result the scheme was renamed Bevin Court (honouring Britain's firmly anti-communist foreign secretary Ernest Bevin).In defiance, <mask> buried his memorial to Lenin under the central core to his staircase. The staircase was painted red as part of a restoration in 2014-2016. Tecton's work would also be a major influence on the Festival of Britain. However <mask>'s efforts to gain employment with the London County Council (the authority with responsibility for building the Festival) were rebuffed. Frustrated, <mask> spent increasing time at the Gloucestershire farm he had managed for Beamish family since the start of World War II, before purchasing it for himself. Though he failed to win several design competitions during the 1950s, he (again with Bailey and Skinner) designed three large council estates in London's Bethnal Green (now a part of Tower Hamlets). These schemes, the Cranbrook Estate, Dorset Estate (which featured the tower Sivill House) and the Lakeview Estate all made increased use of precast concrete façade panels while developing the idiom of complicated abstract facades and Constructivist staircases established in the 1940s.<mask> eventually moved to Bristol where he lived with his wife. He campaigned in later life to protect the views of Brunel's Clifton Bridge; for <mask>, Brunel epitomised the spirit of technological progress which had first attracted him to England. In 1982, <mask> was awarded the RIBA Royal Gold Medal. He died in Bristol in 1990. <mask> (with Tecton) was the subject of a travelling exhibition sponsored by the Arts Council of Great Britain which opened at the Arnolfini Gallery in Bristol and toured the UK and Europe 1980 – 1983, under the title "Lubetkin and Tecton: architecture and social commitment". This featured specially commissioned  models and illustrative material from his archive and was designed by David King. He was also the subject of a Design Museum exhibition in 2005.His daughter, Louise Kehoe, published an award-winning memoir in 1995, 'In This Dark House', which included previously unknown details of <mask>'s early years. In 2009, East Durham & Houghall Community College, based in Peterlee, named its theatre after Lubetkin in honour of the vision he had for the town. The Lubetkin Theatre was officially opened by his daughter <mask> on 5 October 2009. At the opening <mask> said: "I’m immensely proud that this beautiful theatre has been named after my father and that his work is remembered in spite of the brutal way it ended. He had such dreams for Peterlee, he wanted to turn it into the miners capital of the world. His respect and admiration of the miners made him want to create something really special that didn’t exist anywhere else but unfortunately that wasn’t possible." The British Cement Association established the Berthold Lubetkin Memorial Lecture, the first given by the Japanese architect Tadao Ando in 1992, and RIBA the annual Lubetkin Prize for International Architecture.Associated with Lubetkin
 Ove Arup
 Marcel Breuer
 Wells Coates
 Carl Ludwig Franck
 Arthur Korn
 Denys Lasdun
 Francis Skinner

See also
 Ernő Goldfinger
 Isokon
 MARS Group
 Constructivist architecture

References

Further reading
 John Allan – Lubetkin: Architecture and the Tradition of Progress (RIBA Publications, 1992, second expanded edition by Artifice Books, 2013)
 John Allan and Morley von Sternberg – <mask> <mask> (Merrell Publishers, 2002)
 Louise Kehoe – In This Dark House: A Memoir (Schocken Books, 1995)
 Malcolm Reading and Peter Coe – Lubetkin and Tecton: An Architectural Study (Triangle Architectural Publications, 1992)

External links

Twentieth Century Society article on Dudley Zoo
Lubetkin at A&A
Tecton at A&A
Lubetkin's Sivill House, Bethnal Green, London E2
Spa Green Tenants' Website
Utopia London, Website of film documentary exploring impact of Lubetkin's work in Finsbury

1901 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Russian architects
20th-century British architects
Constructivist architects
Jewish architects
Modernist architects
Royal Academicians
Russian Jews
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Architects from Tbilisi
Soviet emigrants to the United Kingdom
Vkhutemas alumni

masks:
Berthold Romanovich Lubetkin
Lubetkin
) Aronovich Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Lubetkin
Sasha Lubetkin
Sasha Lubetkin
Berthold
Lubetkin


title: Thomas Bain (Orange)

texts:
<mask>. W<mask> (born ) is known for intelligence work done behind the Iron Curtain in 1988 under the pseudonym "<mask>". He is currently a dean at the International School of Project Management in New Delhi, India. Early life
<mask> was born in London. He lived Kingston upon Thames  attending prep school at Highfield School (Liphook, Hampshire). He suffered from Dyslexia, and made slow progress in the educational system. In 1982 he moved to Spain, and took up Hispanic Studies in a small private college in Salamanca where he met up with friends of Golo Mann. Upon return to France he qualified for the Classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles.He accomplished his Khâgne in the Lyceé Jules Ferry. The same year he discovered a new archeological area at Les Baux-de-Provence. He accomplished his BA Humanities in the radical Paris Nanterre University. He completed M. Phil at the Geneva-based IUEE (Institute for European Studies), and later attended the doctoral seminars of Wlad Godzich in the University of Geneva. April 1988
The students of the IUEE (as above), sympathising with many of the faculty in exile, organised two study tours of the Soviet Union. The first one went to Kiev and Moscow, the second to Budapest and Prague. He attended both.The tour of the Ukraine gave him insight into the degree of hostility vis-à-vis Moscow, and the signs of dissidence in the leadership of the Komsomol. In Moscow, a student from the highest school of politics and administration leaked the shape of the army: suicides and an organizational incapacity. Moving on to Budapest, the dissent was quite open, and Bain saw the opportunity of a break-apart of the Communist Block. In a meeting with the then dissident Professor Géza Jeszenszky the option of letting East Germans out of Hungary was discussed as a means of bringing the Wall down. Bain also met with FIDESZ leaders, and learned that recently NGOs in Hungary were allowed to be financed internationally, an open door for the West to finance dissident organisations. He went to Prague to meet leaders of the democratic opposition, in an underground Café called "U Kafku" and further discussed the plan of letting East Germans through Czechoslovakia into Hungary. He was followed in Prague by the police, and in a jest of defiance took them on a 14 kilometre walk around Prague.On his return to the Europa Hotel, the receptionist called him into the lift and explained that the police had been through his belongings. He had to leave. Bain escaped from Prague due to an InterRail pass, he was able to get into a train without buying a ticket (he would have been noticed at the ticket counter). On the train, stooges noticed him but it was too late; the train had already crossed the border into Germany. In Munich, he was hidden by a friend for 5 days, while the German television showed pictures of him as accused of common crimes of murder in Czechoslovakia. He escaped from Munich thanks to former Hungarian exiles, in a freight compartment, then from Zurich to Geneva in a toilet compartment. On arriving in Geneva he went to the house of Professor Dusan Sidjanski.Here he discussed all the plans of the dissidence to bring down the Wall, and subsequently hid for a month in a flat in neighbouring France, in Annemasse. His research report signed with the pseudonym "<mask>" was shared with Emile Noel, Secretary General of the European Commission. It was also shared with the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), as well as the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It is said to be one of the key documents that alerted the West of changes in the East, and triggered of a change in their foreign policy towards the East and Central Europe just a year and a half before the Wall falling. Pro-European militancy
In the summer of 1991, Bain led a group of young European enthusiasts from different European Union (EU) Member States during a 2-day meeting in Romainmôtier, Switzerland on the theme "An EU Constitution". The same year he initiated a process in the Budapest University of Economic Sciences (Currently Corvinus University of Budapest) that led to the attribution of a Doctorate Honoris Causa (see Honorary degree) to the President of the EU Commission Jacques Delors (attributed in 1994). He is a member of the UK European Movement and the French Mouvement Européen.He has taken part in the UK Liberal Democrats Brussels Chapter, and has been a close friend of UK Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg during his European years. In 1993, as shadow director projects for Fidesz, in the Hungarian Ministry of Interior, he revised the firstly refused Hungarian application for the EU. His draft was approved by both the EU Parliament and the EU Commission, paving the way for an accession to the EU for Hungary in the first round of enlargement of the EU. At the same time, Bain has been a public opinion maker in Hungary, with a series of articles published in the Budapest Sun, and the Budapest Week. He has held several postings with the European Commission, including as a diplomat in New Delhi, India. Alternative activism
Bain's alternative action started after seeing the film "Gandhi" in Madrid at the age of 18. He had a Basque companion, and befriended the Basque cause.In the early eighties he took part in the Aberri Eguna nationalist demonstrations, in despite of serious deterrence by the Spanish Guardia Civil. His basque friends used to call him "la naranja" (because of his orange hair), from which his nickname emerged. He subsequently went to Kreuzberg, Berlin, the heart of alternative Germany. This is where he got a first sight of the Wall, and a first taste for the underground exchanges between the East and the West. Bain was militant in the French Lycée system, and as délégué sat on two school boards (Conseils d'établissement). In 1988, Bain took the French Ministry of Education to court for discrimination on the ground of nationality after his refusal to take the CAPES (secondary school teachers' exam). He won his case in 1992 under European law, opening the secondary school exams to foreign European nationals in France and several other countries of the EU.In 1991, out of idealism, he set up the trainee's newsletter "Le Piston" (nepotism) in the European Commission, and denounced several scandals. For this, he was tortured by the French Direction de la surveillance du territoire (DST) for more than two hours. The "Piston", which lasted for 4 years, is considered by the grapevine in Brussels to be one of the elements that forced the European Commission to adopt a reform including contractual and financial control over all expenditures. In the same 1991 he left for Budapest where he founded the Rugby club the Budapest Exiles RFC

Dyslexia
As soon as 1988 he realised to potential of IT for the dyslexic, in particular the possibility of correcting himself before printing. In 1991–1992 he worked with Microsoft managers in Budapest to determine how to create grammar correctors in Microsoft Word. Bain established the relationship between a database structure of language rules (encoded), and the scientific structural linguistic approach developed in Nanterre University. The matter was taken up as a research project in Harvard University, and finally when it came to be in MS Word, the grammar corrector logic enabled Microsoft to also improve the spelling correctors.Scholarship
Whilst in the last year of high school, Bain attended the post-graduate seminars of the literary critic Lucette Finasse in the "Collège International de Philosophie" in Paris. Later on he joined the group of young Spanish language scholars that surrounded Golo Mann in the later years of his life, and stayed regularly in Golo Mann's country residency in Berzona, Switzerland. References

1964 births
Living people
British academic administrators
British intelligence operatives
Dyslexia
People from Kingston upon Thames

masks:
Thomas R
. Bain
Orange
Bain
Orange


title: Nick Swardson

texts:
<mask> (born October 9, 1976)  is an American actor, stand-up comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He is best known for his recurring role as Terry Bernadino in the comedy series Reno 911!, for his work with Adam Sandler's Happy Madison Productions, and for his own personal sketch comedy series <mask>'s Pretend Time. Early life
A native of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area, <mask> was born to Pamela and <mask>, and is the youngest of three siblings—he has a sister, Rachel, and a brother, John. <mask> (1934–2003) was an editor and journalist—having written for publications such as the Cincinnati Enquirer and City Pages, as well as founding the Grand Gazette, a former Saint Paul community newspaper. <mask> also invested in land development in Saint Paul, revitalizing Grand Avenue—an area now known as Victoria Crossing. Roger and Pamela divorced in 1989. Swardson has Swedish ancestry.He attended St. Paul Central High and started acting and performing improv comedy at the age of 16. A mischievous student who struggled with alcohol and drugs, Swardson was expelled from school on four occasions for pulling fire alarms in order to go outside and smoke cigarettes, fighting, posting a lewd sign in class, and for smoking marijuana; he was enrolled in a rehab program while still in school. After graduating in 1996, Swardson decided to pursue stand-up comedy rather than attend college. Although Swardson was a fan of sketch comedy, he saw stand-up comedy as a stepping-stone to a career in film, more so than he would working within a comedy troupe. <mask> is an avid Minnesota Vikings fan. He is also good friends with fellow Minnesota resident Josh Duhamel. Career
Swardson started performing stand-up at the age of 18, attending open mic nights at the Minneapolis comedy club Acme Comedy Co.. <mask> stated in a 2007 interview with The Portland Mercury that he did his first open mic "as a goof" but he was encouraged by the club owner to perform again and he went on to win the comedy club's award for the "Funniest Person in the Twin Cities".He also went on to perform regularly at Knuckleheads, a defunct comedy club which was located in the Mall of America. <mask> was also an occasional performer at Balls Cabaret. After garnering some attention within comedy circles, <mask> was selected to perform stand-up at the U.S. Comedy Arts Festival at 20 years of age. The festival, which up to 2007 was held in Aspen, Colorado, was a yearly festival attended by entertainment insiders and was a place for comics and comedic actors to get exposure to the industry. It was once the largest comedy convention of its kind in the US and became the launch pad for many comedians and comedy writers. After <mask>'s first performance at the festival comedian Tony Camin, acting as the night's MC, was quoted as saying: "There's a deal waiting to happen.I can see the TV show now: 'An Aspen Kid With Altitude.'" Swardson eventually left the Minneapolis–Saint Paul area for New York City where he would appear in such venues as the Luna Lounge, then on to Los Angeles where he headlined at many nightclubs. In addition to his stand-up, Swardson began to get work in commercials and in small roles in both TV in film, such an appearance in an episode of the Al Franken sitcom LateLine in 1999, and playing the role of a crazed David Bowie fan in the 2000 film Almost Famous. In 2001, <mask>'s stand-up act was featured in a half-hour Comedy Central Presents special. He appeared on the show a second time in 2006 — a performance that was featured on the DVD compilation The Best of Comedy Central Presents: Uncensored II released in 2008. In 2003, <mask> co-wrote the screenplay for Malibu's Most Wanted along with the film's star Jamie Kennedy and Adam Small. That same year he took on the role of Terry Bernadino on the Comedy Central series Reno 911!.A recurring character throughout the series' run from 2003 to 2009 — in addition to appearing in the film Reno 911! : Miami — <mask> played the role of a flamboyant gigolo who was often seen wearing roller skates. 2003 also marked the beginning of a longtime working relationship and friendship with Adam Sandler. After having seen <mask>'s Comedy Central special, Sandler contacted <mask> to ask if he'd be interested in collaborating; <mask>'s first project with Sandler was co-writing the screenplay for Grandma's Boy — Swardson also co-produced and had an acting role in the film which was released in 2006. In 2004, Swardson wrote, produced and starred in a TV show pilot for Comedy Central called Gay Robot, which was based on a comedy bit by the same name that appeared on Adam Sandler's fifth album, Shh...Don't Tell; Comedy Central, however, decided to pass on the TV project. Swardson then had intentions on making it an animated show, but the show never came to fruition. A copy of the live-action pilot was however made available on MySpace in January 2007.<mask> also resurrected the Gay Robot character on his Comedy Central Series <mask>'s Pretend Time. <mask>'s sketch comedy show <mask>'s Pretend Time, premiered on Comedy Central on October 12, 2010 and ran for two seasons. The show was produced in conjunction with Adam Sandler’s Happy Madison Productions. On February 6, 2012 <mask> announced via his Facebook page that there would not be a third season; in his post <mask> stated that "the ratings were solid but it was too expensive for the network and tough creatively," and added that he was "developing a new show where I play a ninja." In 2011, <mask> starred in, co-wrote and co-produced the film Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star, also produced by Happy Madison Productions. That same year he starred alongside Jesse Eisenberg, Danny McBride and Aziz Ansari in the film 30 Minutes or Less. In 2014, Swardson performed the voice of the character Troy on the animated series Chozen.Filmography

Film

Television

Discography
Gay Robot by Adam Sandler (2004)
Calling Home by Adam Sandler (2004)
Party (2007) (Stand-Up)
Seriously, Who Farted? (2009) (Stand-Up)

References

External links

Gay Robot on MySpace

1976 births
Living people
Writers from Minneapolis
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American stand-up comedians
Male actors from Minneapolis
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians

masks:
Nicholas Roger Swardson
Nick Swardson
Swardson
Roger Eric Swardson
Roger Swardson
Roger Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Nick Swardson
Swardson
Nick Swardson
Swardson
Swardson
Swardson


title: Camil Van Hulse

texts:
<mask> (1 August 1897 in Sint-Niklaas, East Flanders, Belgium – 16 July 1988 in Tucson, Arizona, United States) was a Belgian-American pianist, organist, teacher, and composer. Biography

<mask>'s father, <mask>, was composer and organist of the deanery church of St. Nicholas. His mother, Mary Pelagia Coppens, was a gifted pianist and singer. At age six, <mask> got his first musical education in piano and music theory, and later in harmony and counterpoint, from his father, a disciple of Edgar Tinel. By the age of twelve, he was able to play the organ, lead a choir, and sing Gregorian chant from attending church services with his father. From then on, he regularly substituted for his father as organist and conductor. <mask>e attended school in Sint-Niklaas at the St. Joseph Institute and then studied Greek and Latin at the  St. Joseph Minor Seminary, a Roman Catholic college which provided basic training for the priesthood.He followed this course until the first quarter of his third year, after which he devoted himself entirely to music. In addition to his passion for music, he also loved to read. He kept in touch with his former teachers and old college friends. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, van Hulse joined the military at the age of seventeen. During the war, he suffered exposure to poison gas and was told that he had six months to live. He also suffered from tuberculosis. In 1919, he began study at the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp despite his poor health.He studied with Edward Verheyden (harmony and composition), Frans Lenaert (piano), Constant Lenaert (chamber music), and Lodewijk Mortelmans (counterpoint). That same year, he succeeded his father as organist at St. Nicholas Church in Sint-Niklaas. In 1922, he was awarded the prize for harmony with highest distinction and the Royal Medal, as well as the Albert De Vleeschouwer prize. In 1923 he was awarded the highest distinction for piano and the Royal Medal. After graduating, van Hulse's first concern was his health. His doctor told him that he would benefit from a warm and dry climate. Therefore, he moved to Oklahoma in September 1923 and then to Tucson, Arizona, at that time one of the most musical cities in America.Tucson is also known for its favorable climate for pulmonary patients. After spending a summer in Tucson, where the temperature is close to 100 degrees Fahrenheit, he felt much better and decided to stay there. During that time he also changed the spelling of his name from Kamiel to <mask>. In 1924, he married Augusta Nijs, a woman to whom he had already been engaged in Belgium. They had two children, Lesghinka and Aziadé. For van Hulse, the musical life of Tucson was of great importance. He gave private lessons in piano, organ, harmony, and counterpoint.In 1924 he was given a permanent position as organist at All Saints Church, and later he became organist and choirmaster of Ss. Peter and Paul Church. He was the founding conductor of the Tucson Symphony Orchestra. He combined this work with a busy career as a concert pianist. As a composer, he published 130 works. He composed music in all major genres except opera. <mask>e maintained the late romantic style, but combined this with modern trends such as Expressionism.In 1956, he retired in order to devote himself entirely to composition. His compositions received numerous awards. In addition to his professional career as a musician, he was also a skilled linguist and is included in the Dictionary of Linguists. He also has a place in the Dictionary of Musicians. In 1930, <mask> <mask> returned to Belgium for the first time. For a while, he traveled back to his native country every two years to visit his family and friends. In 1946 he won four prizes - two awarded by the Society of Arizona Composers for an instrumental composition Suite for Cello and Piano and for a vocal number, and 'The Beatitudes', a choral work with piano and organ accompaniment (first presented in Tucson on 8 May that year).A fourth prize was the national J. Fischer & Bro. prize from the American Guild of Organists, won with his 'Toccata' for Grand Organ. In 1957, the Bibliotheca Wasiana organized a tribute concert in honor of his sixtieth birthday. For the 750th anniversary of the city of Sint-Niklaas, he wrote The Ballad of the Six Knights for orchestra, choir and baritone solo on a text by Anton van Wilderode. <mask> <mask> died at the age of 91 in Tucson, Arizona. Works

With opus numbers
Opus 39-Toccata for grand organ (1946)
Opus 52-Festival "Veni creator spiritus" Postlude on For the organ. (1948) (sometimes also, probably erroneously, referred to as "Festival Prelude etc.')Opus 53-Symphonia mystica (1953) (here a recording of the Scherzo by Gabriel Dessauer)
Opus 56/1-Ricercata quasi fantasia sopra B. A. C. H. (1949)
Opus 58-Fantasia contrappuntistica sopra "O filii et filiae". (1949)
Opus 62-Gaudeamus (Toccata-fantasy) (1953)
Opus 63, No. 1-Little Suite for carillon (1970)
Opus 63, No. 2-Lamentoso for organ (1951)
Opus 65-Jubilee Suite (1951)
Opus 66-St. Louis, King of France: symphonic poem in seven tableaux, for organ (1954)
Opus 68-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 1 (1951)
Opus 73 1-3-Three Short Pieces for Organ (1951)
Opus 73/4-6-Three interludes (1951)
Opus 73/7-9-Three chorale preludes (1951)
Opus 73/10-Chorale-fantasy on St. Magnus (1952)
Opus 76/1? -Five Christmas fantasies (1951)
Opus 76/1-Father Brebeuf's carol (1951)
Opus 76/2-Papago Christmas (1951)
Opus 76/3-Papago Christmas (Based on a flute call and two authentic Indian melodies collected at the Papago Reservation, south and southeast of Tucson, Arizona) (1951)
Opus 76/3 (! )-Yuletide fantasy on old English carols echoes.(?) Opus 76/4 The child Jesus in Flanders: On the chant ' Puer natus est nobis ' and two old Flemish carols. (1951)
Opus 76/5-Joyeux noel! = Sei du mir gegruesset: "Enchiridion"; Morning breaks upon the tomb: Innocents; Triptych: Christ is Christ ist erstanden arisen; Vesper musings: Abide with us, the day is waning = Wer nur den lieben Gott; Easter chimes: Come, ye faithful, raise the strain = Schwing dich auf; Flourish: Awake, my heart, with gladness = Auf, auf, mein Herz)
Opus 80/29-35? -Seven preludes on hymns for general use (1961) (Open now thy gates of beauty; God of mercy, God of Grace; O day of rest and gladness; Blessed are the sons of God; All ye who on this earth do dwell; It is not death to die; Praise God, from Whom all blessings flow)
Opus 81-Seven Preludes on Plainsong Hymns (1955 or 1952)
Opus 82-The church modes (Part 1. Modes I-V, Part 2. Modes VI-VIII) (1959)
Opus 83-Symphonia Elegiaca here a recording of "Last judgement" part 2 by Laure de Leon
Opus 85-Ten Preludes on Hymn Tunes in Free Style for Organ
Opus 86-Eleven Improvisations for Organ (1957) (St. Catherine, St. Agnes, St. Bernard, The Filius, Sawley, Magdalena, Newington, Everton, Waring, St. John, St. Anne)
Opus 88-Ten preludes for organ based on well known hymn tunes (1954)
Opus 89-Messe basse, no.2, organ music for Low Mass in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Prelude and Postlude Introit, Offertory, Communion, Elevation, (1954)
Opus 92-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 2 (1954)
Opus 93-Messe basse, no.4: organ music for low mass and Introit, Offertory on Paschal themes: Prelude, Elevation, elevation, After Communion, check-fanfare (1958)
Opus 94-Four short pieces for organ: Preludietto, Sarabande, Dirge, Passacaglia brevis (1957)
Opus 98-Harqua-hala; 3 nature sketches for Hammond organ (1960)
Opus 99-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 3 (1956)
Opus 100-No. 3 Messe basse for Christmastide: Introit, Offertory, Prelude and Postlude Elevation, Communion, (1957)
Opus 102-Organ and chimes: compositions (1954) here a recording of ' Evening Song ' and ' Meditation ' by an unknown organist
Opus 103/2-Christmas rhapsody (1958)
Opus 103/3-Solemn Prelude for a Festal Day (1962)
Opus 105-Sonata for Organ (1964)
Opus 106-Seven Preludes and Fugues (1961)
Opus 107-Biblical Sketches (1958)
Opus 110-Suite for Organ (1960)
Opus 114-12 short preludes ludia breviora per omni toni in all keys for organ (1963)
Opus 118-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 4 (1951)
Opus 121-The Little Organ Book Thirty Seven Easy Pieces For Hammond And Pipe Organs (1961) (various composers including by Hulse)
Opus 122-Ten service pieces based on hymn tunes for organ (1962)
Opus 124-Soli Deo Gloria (10 Pieces for Organ)
Opus 126-Short Pieces on Gregorian Themes. For Organ (1963)
Opus 127-Organ Music for Church, 11 Pieces for Organ (1963)
Opus 125/1-Marche pontificale (1962)
Opus 130-Ten Pieces for Organ. For church use (1966)
Opus 132-Suite for Easter: four pieces for organ: Prelude on "Singers, Sing", Meditation on "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today", Improvisation on "Ye Sons and Daughters", Toccatina on "Christ, the Lord, Is Risen Today (1966)
Opus 140-Hommage pour grand orgue Breughel: Pome rhapsodique (1974)
Opus 144-Sinfonia da chiesa (1973)
Opus 150-Prelude et Fugue sur B.A.C.H. (1974)

Opus number is unknown or not yet found
Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5. by Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959)-Aria Cantilena; arranged for organ solo by Camil van Hulse (1960)
Easter Morn. -Fantasy on Easter themes For organ and piano (1951)
Three interludes on a plain chant for organ (1951)
Four Short Pieces for Organ (Original Compositions for the Organ.New Series) (1957)
Miniatures: 1. Madonna, 2. Shadows, 3. Snowflakes, for organ ... transcribed by <mask> van Hulse (1958)
Seven pieces for the service (petite suite) (1959)
Little cycle through the Christian Year for Hammond and Pipe Organs (1960)
Three Chorale Preludes (1962)
Postlude for solo organ (1962)
At the manger in Bethlehem (1962)
Organ music for church: eleven pieces for organ (1963)
Nuptial cortege, for organ. With Hammond organ registration (1965)
Suite For Easter-Four Pieces For Organ (1966)
Aria For Organ With Hammond And Pipe Organ Registration (1967)
Epithalamium (Wedding Music) for Church Organ; on a chorale by Melchior Vulpius (1978)
Fantaisie-Toccata on Dies irae
Two piano four hands version of Muzio Clementi's Sonatina in C Major, opus 36 no 1

Collect bundles with other composers
The parish organist. Part two. One hundred twenty chorale preludes, postludes, voluntaries and by older masters and contemporary composers.A.o. My hope is built on nothing less = Magdalen/<mask> van Hulse (1953)
The parish organist. Part three. One hundred twenty chorale preludes, postludes, voluntaries and by older masters and contemporary composers. A.o. Take my life and let it be = Patmos/<mask> van Hulse (1953)
Intervolatures for Organ: Marche pontificale; Gaudeamus/dice, Postlude/McGrath, Exsultate Deo/Ventura (1957)
Miniatures for Organ: Andante religioso/j. McGrath, Pontifical/c.<mask>e, Modern/l. die (1961)

References

 Archive Bibliotheca Wasiana, Sint-Niklaas

1897 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American composers
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century organists
American classical composers
American classical organists
American male classical composers
American male conductors (music)
American male organists
Belgian Army personnel of World War I
Belgian classical organists
Belgian emigrants to the United States
Composers for carillon
Musicians from Tucson, Arizona
People from Sint-Niklaas
Classical musicians from Arizona

masks:
Camil Anton Johan van Hulse
Camil van Hulse
Gustaaf van Hulse
Camil
Van Huls
Camil
Van Huls
Camil
van Hulse
Camil
van Hulse
Camil
Camil
Camil
Van Huls


title: Bob Snyder (American football)

texts:
Robert A<mask> (February 6, 1913 – January 4, 2001) was an American football player and coach who spent more than three decades in the sport, including his most prominent position as head coach of the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams. College career
A native of Toledo, Ohio, <mask> played three years of football at Ohio University, seeing action on both sides of the ball. During that trio of seasons that began in 1933, <mask> was off the field for just four minutes, winning small college All-America honors as a senior. Professional career
He moved on to the fledgling second version of the American Football League in 1936, where he played for the Pittsburgh Americans before shifting to the NFL the following year with the Cleveland Rams. Playing quarterback (as well as serving as the team's placekicker) for two seasons, <mask> finished the 1938 NFL season with 631 yards passing, while also showing excellent speed and mobility. On February 13, 1939, <mask> was traded to the Chicago Bears and used at running back. After contributing throughout the campaign, he suffered a deep personal tragedy when his two-week-old son, Robert Calvin, died on November 30.When he returned the next year, <mask> played exclusively at quarterback (and continuing as a kicker), but had the misfortune of playing on the same team as future Hall of Fame signal caller Sid Luckman. That frustration was soothed somewhat when the Bears went on to capture the 1940 NFL Championship with the biggest rout in the league's postseason history, defeating the Washington Redskins, 73–0. After another season of play resulted in another championship for the Bears, with <mask> kicking three field goals in the 37-9 championship game victory, <mask> retired to become the University of Notre Dame's freshman football coach on July 10, 1942. His main focus was instruction in his area of expertise, the T-Formation, and his work undoubtedly proved to be successful when two quarterbacks under his tutelage, Angelo Bertelli and Johnny Lujack, went on to win the Heisman Trophy. <mask> returned to the playing field with one more season with the Bears in 1943, notching a trio of league kicking records with 39 conversions, while also connecting on all 12 of his field goal attempts. During the November 14 contest against the New York Giants, <mask> scored on eight conversions during the Bears' high-scoring effort. After the season ended with another Bears' championship, he spent one year contributing to the war effort, serving as personnel manager of the Thompson Aircraft plant in his hometown of Toledo.A back injury suffered during his playing days had prevented <mask> from serving in the armed services. During this stretch, he also coached Libby High School, his alma mater, to an Ohio state title. Coaching career
In 1945, <mask> joined the Rams as an assistant coach, and played a major role in helping rookie quarterback <mask> win Most Valuable Player accolades. Under bitterly cold conditions on December 16, the Rams won the NFL title with a 15–14 decision over the Redskins. Just weeks later, Ram owner Dan Reeves shifted the franchise to Los Angeles, with <mask> spending the following season in the same capacity. After Rams head coach Adam Walsh resigned at the conclusion of the 1946 NFL season, <mask> was named head coach on January 20, 1947 and immediately became the league's youngest head coach. Winning three of the first four games of the regular season, <mask> watched the Rams collapse at midseason with a four-game losing streak to finish with a 6–6 mark.The pressures of that season followed him into the next, causing him to resign on September 3, 1948, citing an ulcer condition. Despite that stress, <mask> would stay away from coaching for less than a month before accepting an assistant post with the USC Trojans. On January 28, 1949, he left that position for an assistant coaching spot with the Green Bay Packers under Curly Lambeau, but again remained only a year before heading home to become head football coach at the University of Toledo. <mask> made a bit of history by naming Dick Huston as freshman coach, the first African-American mentor to ever work for a non-black college. Despite being back among family, <mask> left the school after finishing 4–5 during the 1950 season, and did not resurface until 1953 when he was named head coach of the Canadian Football League's Calgary Stampeders. That foray would again only span one season before he was dismissed. The aftermath of his departure was ugly as <mask> claimed in February 1954 that players were taking the amphetamine benzedrine to keep up their stamina during the season, a charge that was roundly denied by the league.In August of that year, <mask> spent one season as an assistant at Villanova University, then returned to the NFL for two years with the Pittsburgh Steelers before moving back for one year to the college level as a West Virginia University assistant. <mask> watched his coaching career wind down during the 1960s, working at the minor league football level, beginning with a stint with the Toledo Tornadoes of the United Football League. On September 19, 1965, he was named head coach of the Wheeling Ironmen of the Continental Football League, lasting until his resignation on November 22, 1967. The following year, he became head coach of the league's Indianapolis Capitols, but resigned on February 4, 1969 to enter private business in Toledo. Death
<mask> died in 2001 at a Toledo rehabilitation center after complications from diabetes. Head coaching record

College

Professional

References

External links

1913 births
2001 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Calgary Stampeders coaches
Chicago Bears players
Cleveland Rams coaches
Cleveland Rams players
Green Bay Packers coaches
Los Angeles Rams coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
Ohio Bobcats football players
Pittsburgh Americans players
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
USC Trojans football coaches
Villanova Wildcats football coaches
West Virginia Mountaineers football coaches
People from Fremont, Ohio
Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio
Coaches of American football from Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Deaths from diabetes

masks:
. Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Bob Waterfield
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


title: Gary Wiggins (musician)

texts:
<mask>, known as "Detroit" <mask> (born 10 November 1952, Inkster, MI, passed 22 November 2020 in Bissingen an der Teck, South Germany) was an American musician. Biography
While he was still an infant his family moved to the west side of Detroit, on Oregon Street, where he was raised. His late mother, <mask> (1920-1999), reared him in the church where he began to perform on the saxophone with Brother Lawhorn in 1962. He attended Northwestern High School until 1970, and played in a jazz band while attending community college. At age 14  he played in Bobo Jenkins Blues Band, Detroit. <mask> made his first recorded release That good old Funky Feeling on 45rpm at the age of 17 with his band The Impacs. The Impacs were a backing band for several of the Detroit R&B vocal groups like The Dramatics.After touring with The Dramatics and performing in such places as the Apollo in Harlem, the T.P. Warner Theater in Washington D.C. and tours through Panama, and the eastern coast of North America, he headed west and camped in California for five years. During this time he performed with musicians such as Eddie Shaw, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Johnny Heartsman, Roy Brown, Big Mama Thornton, and many other musicians on the West Coast music scene. In 1982, he spent a year in the Chicago blues scene where he played in the bands of the late Lefty Dizz, Sunnyland Slim, Johnny Littlejohn and Sugar Blue. and they released three vinyls. Since moving to Europe in 1983 and in addition to producing several music concerts for Jazz Clubs and Festivals, he has toured with Charlie Musselwhite, Arnett Cobb, Screaming Jay Hawkins Jimmy Rogers, Johnny Copeland, Big Jay McNeely (Saxomania Tour, Europe), Katie Webster,  Scott Hamilton, Louisiana Red and Carey Bell. He joined the Ray Charles show in Germany twice, and went to Japan.In Osnabrueck, Germany, Rannenberg and <mask> founded the Pink Piano Jam Sessions  (where Arnett Cobb's last performance was recorded) and, after moving to Berlin, he continued inviting international stars to the Berlin Blues Café. <mask> played in the A-Trane International Jazz Club Berlin - that announced him as "one of the most important american Saxophonists living in Europe" – since more than 20 years, as well as Europe's Oldest Jazzclub in Paris Le Caveau de las Huchette. The International Blues Duo produced and released three albums, and <mask> has recorded with, among others, Bobby McFerrin, Robert Covington, and Roy Gaines. <mask> won the Berlin Jazz & Blues Award in 2002 and the German Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik 1994 for Acoustic Soul, as well as the Gong Show in 1977 with Rick Murphy and David Winans as The Show Bizz Kids. In his last years he started Acrylic Painting and several Art Projects. Discography
 Introducing The International Blues Duo To The World (1984)
 The International Blues Duo Meets Blues Wire - Truly International (1987 / 2014)
 Bobby McFerrin feat. Detroit <mask>: Bobby's Thing & Lady Fair  (1988)
 The International Blues Duo Featuring Katie Webster (1989)
 Time For Saxin’ (1990)
 Detroit Gary Wiggins & C.C.the Boogieman: Acoustic Soul (1992)
 I Got Up (1996)
 Fabrice Eulry & Detroit <mask>gins: Paris Jook (1996)
 Ballads in a Diplomatic Lounge (2004)
 Zeitlos (2005)
 Saxin’ the Blues (2011)

As a side-person
 Lefty Dizz & Shock Treatment: Live in Chicago (1982/2008)
 Klaus Lage: Schweissperlen (1985)
 Johnny Heartsman: Sacramento (1987)
 Roy Gaines: Going home to see Mama (1987)
 Angela Brown: Live (1993)
 The Gospel Messengers: Lean on Me (1996)
 EB Davis: Fool for the Ladies (1996) mit Big Jay Mc Neely,
 Siggy Davis: Live (2013)
 Jimmie Smith: Timemension (1983)
 The Cat - several Albums
 Errol Dixon: Mr. Boogie Woogie
 Robert Covington: The Golden Voice Of Robert Covington (1987)
 The Dramatics: What you see is what you get (1972)
 Jimmy Scott: A Pair and a Spair (1973)
 Rickmond, Cindy: New Ideas (1990)

References

External links

 Detroit <mask> - Artist's Website
 Website The International Blues Duo
 <mask> at the Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians at Jazz.com

 Detroit Gary Wiggins <mask> at the archives of Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt a. Main, Germany
 Detroit <mask> at the Library of Congress, Washington
 Detroit <mask> at the "Blues Archive of The University of Mississippi Digital Collections", Oxford, USA
 Detroit <mask>gins at the  Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France
 Detroit <mask>gins NUKAT, Union Catalog of Polish Research Libraries, Warsaw, Poland
 Detroit <mask> at SLUB, Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, Germany
 The DGW Interview from 2002. Blues Blues Photograph Collection, The Blues Archive University of Mississippi Digital Collections
 Press Articles from US Press, France, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany
 Chicago Reader: The  Golden Voice of Richard Covington - with "Detroit Gary Wiggins". Ingrid Montgomery-Swinton, Go Red Go, Blow Arnett Blow: The life of Arnett Cobb. Ingrid Montgomery-Swinton, Lizette Cobb, p. 3
 Gary Wiggins at Berlin Dialogues - CES Center for European Studies Harvard University, Berlin
 Arnett Cobbs Last Recorded Concert at the Pink Piano with Gary Wiggins and a Spoken Word by Arnett Cobb
 Video of Big Jay McNeely & "Detroit" Gary Wiggins
 The Pink Piano Osnabrueck 1986. Uwe Manzke: Blues in Deutschland, Bluessource.com
 Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main GmbH & Co. KG: Tommy Schneller beim SWR-Summertime Blues - Allgemeine Zeitung.Wolfgang Peter: Kurhaus Baden-Baden - The Night of the Saxophones. <mask> at Caveau de La Huchette, Paris
 Detroit <mask>gins discography at All About Jazz
 Dany Doriz, Christian Mars: 60 Ans de jazz au Caveau de la Huchette. Hrsg. : Cabu. L'Archipel, Paris 2008, , S. 86–87. Interview "Detroit" <mask> by Frau Julie Bennett Hume's Podcast, Berlin, 2011

1952 births
Living people
African-American jazz musicians
American blues singers
American funk saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American jazz soprano saxophonists
American rhythm and blues musicians
American soul musicians
Chicago blues musicians
Detroit blues musicians
Jazz-blues saxophonists
Members of the Church of God in Christ
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Detroit
21st-century saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Illinois
Jazz musicians from Michigan
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Gary Allen Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Ruth Russell Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wig
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wig
Gary Wig
Gary Wiggins
Gary
Gary Wig
Gary Wiggins


title: James S. Buchanan

texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1864 – March 20, 1930), the fourth president of the University of Oklahoma, was born October 14, 1864, to Thomas and <mask> in Franklin, Tennessee. His grandfather, Major <mask>, was one of the founders of Nashville, Tennessee. His brother, John P<mask> was a governor of Tennessee. He attended public school and the academy at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Then he attended and graduated from Cumberland University at Lebanon, Tennessee in 1885 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He did graduate work at both Vanderbilt University in 1893-4 and the University of Chicago in 1896. He received his LL.D.from Kingfisher College, Kingfisher, Oklahoma in 1917. <mask> was one of the earliest faculty members appointed to the newly created Oklahoma University by its first president, David Ross Boyd, and began advancing through the academic ranks. He became chairman of the History Department, then Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, where he served for 19 years. Described as extremely popular with both students and faculty, he proved to be a very effective administrator. He also survived political purges that swept away two presidents and several other highly rated faculty members during the early years of the University's existence. After serving nearly one year as acting president and one as full president, he returned to full-time teaching and serving as the school vice president until his death in March 1930. Move to Oklahoma
<mask>' brother, John, was the Governor of Tennessee during 1891 - 1893.He appointed <mask> as the assistant superintendent of public schools for the state. Instead, <mask> decided to move to Indian Territory, where he became a professor of history at Central Normal School in Edmond in 1894. In 1895, <mask> moved to Norman and accepted the same position at the newer University of Oklahoma, a connection he would maintain for the rest of his career. Politics and academia
Around the dawn of the Twentieth Century, territorial colleges and universities were ripe fields for political patronage. There had been only one Democratic Governor in Oklahoma Territory since it was created in 1890, W. C. Renfrow was appointed by Democratic President Grover Cleveland and served between 1893 and 1897. David Ross Boyd, the first President of OU, had been appointed by the first Oklahoma Territorial Governor, George W<mask>, a Republican, who had been appointed by Republican President Benjamin Harrison. At the first statewide election after being granted statehood on November 16, 1907, the electorate chose an administration controlled by the Democratic Party, led by Charles N. Haskell.Among other "reforms", the Democrats were determined to purge Republican influence from OU. Very soon, Haskell fired the entire OU Board of Regents and named a new president for the school, Arthur Grant Evans, who was to take over, effective July 1, 1908. Evans had previously been president of Henry Kendall College, then a Presbyterian School located in Muskogee. "Uncle Buck" survives
Every faculty member was directed to appear before the Board of Regents on June 23, 1908, to present reasons why he or she should be allowed to remain at OU. For most, this was a formality, as the outcome had already been decided before the meeting, based on party affiliation. Fortunately for them, most were hired outside the state before the start of the next school year. <mask> was one of two southern Democrats on the faculty prior to Oklahoma becoming a state.Because of this, he was one of the few who survived the cuts the newly elected Democratic governor of Oklahoma, Charles N. Haskell, made to the University; cuts which included the first president of Oklahoma, David Ross Boyd. He came to the university in 1895 as a professor of history. <mask> had other advantages as well. He was politically active, having been a member of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention in 1906-7. He was also elected to the Norman City Council. He had a great talent for making friends all over the state. He was extremely popular among his students, who had coined the nickname, "Uncle Buck", for him, and by which he was known all over the campus.Another faculty member said,"... everybody liked Professor <mask>. I presume he never had an enemy." Through the years, he progressed up the ranks. Soon, he was head of the department of history. In 1909, he was named as the first dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. He also was a busy man outside of his university duties: he was an official in his church, the superintendent of his Sunday school, member of a civic club, member of the chamber of commerce, and of a prominent fraternal organization. University president
In 1922, John C. "Jack" Walton, a Democrat, was elected Governor of Oklahoma.Walton had a very different agenda for the university. He represented a solidly populist wing of the electorate who felt that the institution had become too elitist, too expensive, and whose curriculum taught too many social concepts that they opposed. Almost as soon as he took office, he began a campaign to eliminate these problems. First he fired five members of the Board of Regents and replaced them with his own backers. Then he began to undermine President <mask> Duluth Brooks, who had been hired in 1912. By 1923, Brooks decided that he did not want to remain in a position where he clearly was unwanted, and resigned from OU on January 12, 1923. Evidently realizing that it would not be possible to hire a highly qualified president before classes began in the fall of 1923, Walton appointed Professor <mask><mask> as Acting President.<mask> was dean of the college of arts and sciences for 14 years before he was named acting president of the university on July 1, 1923. He was appointed president one year later. He was not in office very long but he still had several notable accomplishments. For one he was responsible for the reestablishment of the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Also, the concept and fundraising began for a combination football stadium/student union began during his year as president. In 1925, <mask> led a $1 million fund-raising campaign to build both a football stadium and a student union building. Construction began in the same year, and the student union building was completed and opened November 22, 1928.Both the  Oklahoma Memorial Union and Memorial Stadium, were dedicated in honor of the OU students and alumni who died in World War I. Later, it was rededicated to honor all members of the OU community who sacrificed their lives in defense of their country. A clock tower was included in the original, but was not added until 1936 because of the onset of the Great Depression. He served effectively, but made known that he strongly desired to return to teaching. After he was replaced as university president by William Bennett Bizzell in June 1925, he remained at OU serving as the Vice-President of the university. Personal
<mask> married Vinnie Galbraith at Terrell, Texas on June 24, 1896. They had three children: Frances, <mask> and William, before Vinnie died May 15, 1921.On December 23, 1924, he married his second wife, Katharyn Osterhaus, who had been the supervisor of English at University High School also in Norman, Oklahoma. <mask> <mask> died on March 20, 1930. Katharyn and the three children survived him. See also
University of Central Oklahoma

Notes

References

Sources

1864 births
1930 deaths
People from Franklin, Tennessee
Presidents of the University of Oklahoma
Cumberland University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Kingfisher College alumni
People from Norman, Oklahoma

masks:
James Shannon Buchanan
Rebecca Jane Shannon
John Buchanan
. Buchanan
Buchanan
James
James
James
Buchanan
. Steele
Buchanan
Buchanan
Buchanan
Stratton
James S
. Buchanan
Buchanan
Buchanan
James
James
James Shannon
Buchanan


title: Joe Shoong

texts:
<mask> (30 August 1879 – 13 April 1961) was a Chinese-American businessman and philanthropist who founded the National Dollar Stores and supported many Chinese organizations. He was one of the first Chinese-American millionaires and at one time, according to Time Magazine, was the "richest, best-known Chinese business man in the U.S." Though the National Dollar Stores are now closed, <mask>'s legacy endures through the organizations, including cultural centers, schools and universities, which he and the Shoong Foundation supported. Name
<mask> was born as Zhou Song (). Due to the Chinese usage of placing the family name first, <mask>'s names were transposed when he emigrated to the U.S. and his given name, Song (changed slightly to <mask>), became the family name he used in America. Song means "big and tall mountain". Early years

<mask> was born to <mask> and Chew Wong Shee in the village of Long Tau Wan () in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. In that village, the Long Du dialect was spoken so that is most likely the dialect spoken by <mask>.Long Du speakers can generally understand Cantonese. According to his daughter Doris, <mask> sold eggs in China when he was young, and emigrated to the United States when he was 18 or 19 years old (1897 or 1898), without any relatives. From 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was in force, allowing only three categories of Chinese immigrants to America: merchants, students and diplomats. <mask>'s first place of residence in America was Vallejo, California, where he lived with friends and relatives from Long Tau Wan and worked in a garment factory. National Dollar Stores
In 1901, <mask> opened a store in Vallejo called Sang Lee Dry Goods together with Hon Chui Choy, Doh DohWing and a fourth unknown person. Two years later, he bought out his partners and moved the store to Fillmore Street in San Francisco. In 1905, he changed the name to China Toggery, or Chung Hing in Chinese, meaning "revival" or "rejuvenation", and moved the headquarters to 927-929 Market Street.The stores sold clothes and household goods: quality merchandise offered at low prices. <mask> changed the name to the National Dollar Stores in 1928, when there were sixteen store locations in the West, in cities such as Sacramento, Seattle, and Portland. The National Dollar Stores were unusual because the majority ownership and all management was Chinese, and about 90% of the clerks were Caucasian. <mask> helped a great number of Chinese people, many from his own Long Du district, come to America and provided them and their families with housing and education. In 1938, the National Dollar Stores were part of a labor dispute in which the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union picketed three San Francisco stores and a factory supplying the stores. Subsequently, <mask> filed for $500,000 damages and the suit was settled, though the factory then went out of business. Covering Hawaii and seven western states, by 1959 there were fifty-four stores worth $12 million, with 700 employees.After <mask>'s death in 1961, the store leadership was taken over by his son, Milton, and the chain went into slow decline. The stores were hurt by the recession of the early 1990s, competition from national discount chains, and the 1992 Los Angeles riots in which eleven stores were damaged. In February 1996, ninety-five years after the opening of Shoong's first store, the National Dollar Stores closed. Other business interests
<mask> invested in real estate and in the stock market, and kept a ticker tape in his bedroom. Just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, <mask> was traveling across the country by train and had a premonition to sell all of his portfolio. At each train stop, he ordered his broker to sell off his stock, and in the end he received a check from the Bank of America for his portfolio value of a million dollars

Around 1926, <mask> bought 51% of the stock of the National Shoe Company, thus acquiring a controlling interest in Reeves Shoe Stores, a chain of 32 shops on the West Coast. The New York Times included <mask> in a 1938 article on the highest salaries across the nation.The list was topped by movie producer Louis B. Mayer with his compensation of $1,296,503. The California section shows <mask> earning $75,749 with the National Dollar Stores, and a "<mask>ong" receiving $50,030 from "Schoong Investment Company". There was a Shoong Investment Company and this is most likely an typographical error. Other notable names in California included William Randolph Hearst ($500,000 income), Charles Chaplin ($106,000) and Walter E. Disney ($39,750). Political views and affiliations

Like many Chinese emigrants, <mask> kept close ties with his homeland. He donated 120,000 yuan to support China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and at his home he entertained Soong Mei-ling, known as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek, wife of Chinese political leader Chiang Kai-shek. <mask> was a Shriner and 32nd degree Mason.Philanthropy

<mask> himself had little formal education, and it was notable that he spoke English with no accent. He believed that education was empowering; thus, a large part of his philanthropy was dedicated to Chinese language schools, cultural institutions and scholarships. In 1928 <mask> gave the money to start a school in his native village in China, Long Tau Wan, as well as a kindergarten named after his wife Rose, and he supported the Longdu Middle School nearby. <mask>ong Foundation — founded after World War II and later called the Milton Shoong Foundation and then the Shoong Foundation — contributed to:
 Chinese Central High School, San Francisco
 Chinese Hospital, San Francisco
 Chinatown YMCA, San Francisco
 Chinese Historical Society of America, San Francisco
 "Little Theater" at Storyland Children's Zoo, San Francisco
 Scholarships at the University of California, Berkeley
 Chinese Community Center and School, now called the Shoong Family Chinese Cultural Center, Oakland Chinatown
 Dragon Slide and Treetop Tea House (renovated in 2014), Children's Fairyland, Oakland
 Renovation of Paramount Theatre, Oakland
 Joe Shoong Chinese School, Locke
 Chung Wah School, Sacramento
Numerous other charities and churches also received donations from the Shoong Foundation. There is a  in Las Vegas. Personal life

<mask> was married to San-Francisco-born Rose Elizabeth SooHoo (16 June 1890 – 20 January 1951). They had two daughters, Betty and Doris, and one son, Milton, and moved from San Francisco to Oakland around 1924 to 385 Bellevue Avenue, a house designed by Julia Morgan, the first female architect licensed in California.In 1952, a year after Rose's death, <mask> married Ruth Chow. <mask> was ill from January 1961 and died a few months later, on 13 April at the age of 81. The National Dollar Stores closed for one day in his honor. He is buried at Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland. <mask> took over the management of the National Dollar Stores and the Shoong Foundation after his father's death. In 2011, <mask>'s daughter <mask> Lee, together with her husband Ted, donated $15 million to the UNLV College of Business, which is now called the Lee Business School. <mask> Lee passed away in 2018.References

External links
 Central Chinese High School, San Francisco
 Shoong Family Chinese Cultural Center, Oakland
 Joe Shoong Chinese School, Locke

1879 births
1961 deaths
Chinese emigrants to the United States
American businesspeople of Chinese descent
Chinese-American history
People from Zhongshan
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California)

masks:
Joe Shoong
Shoong
Joe Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joe Gon Lim
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joeho
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joe Shoongho
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Milton Shoong
Shoong
Doris Shoong
Doris Shoong


title: Aidan Crawley

texts:
<mask>  (10 April 1908 – 3 November 1993) was a British journalist, television executive and editor, and politician. He was a member of both of Britain's major political parties: the Labour Party and Conservative Party, and was elected to the House of Commons as a Labour MP from 1945 to 1951, and as a Conservative MP from 1962 to 1967. Education
<mask> was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Oxford. He played cricket for both Harrow and for Oxford University Cricket Club. He scored 87 in the 1926 Eton v Harrow match at Lord's, an innings which Wisden described as "widely regarded as the best innings in the match for many year", and he was described in the same publication as a "beautiful player". In 1928 he set a new record for runs scored in a season for Oxford with 1,137 runs scored, and in 1929 scored 204 against Northamptonshire. Life and career
<mask> had a varied career, playing first-class cricket, serving in the armed forces, acting as a Member of Parliament for two political parties, making documentary films and serving as the first chairman of London Weekend Television.Cricket career

<mask> made his first-class cricket debut in May 1927, playing for Oxford University against Harlequins. Later the same year he made his County Championship debut for Kent County Cricket Club against Worcestershire as an amateur cricketer. The bulk of <mask>'s first-class cricket career was in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He made at least ten first-class appearances in each year between 1927 and 1932 and made a total of 87 first-class appearances, the majority during this period. He played a total of 39 times for Oxford and 33 for Kent as well as eight times for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) as well as making a few appearances for other teams such as the Free Foresters. He played only six more first-class matches after the end of the 1932 season, four of which took place after the Second World War whilst he was a sitting MP. He also made four Minor Counties Championship appearances for Buckinghamshire in 1948 and was president of MCC in 1972-73 and the chairman of the National Cricket Association for seven years, during which time he was one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the National Village Cricket Championship.Services career
He joined the Auxiliary Air Force in 1936, and was a trained fighter pilot at start of the Second World War. After serving on night patrols over the English Channel he was sent ostensibly as an assistant air attaché to Turkey in April 1940, cover for intelligence work in the Balkans in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, being smuggled out of Sofia when the Germans invaded the latter country in March 1941. Subsequently assigned to 73 Squadron in Egypt, he was shot down in July 1941 near besieged Tobruk and was taken prisoner of war. He remained in Germany, despite escape attempts, latterly at Stalag Luft III. Parliamentary career
He was Labour  Member of Parliament for Buckingham from 1945 to 1951, when he lost to the Conservative candidate Frank Markham, himself an ex-Labour MP. He was Under-Secretary of State for Air in Clement Attlee's Labour Government. Having left the Labour Party in 1957, in 1962, he was elected to Parliament as a Conservative, winning the by-election in West Derbyshire.He held the seat through two general elections, before resigning in 1967 to become Chairman of London Weekend Television where he remained until 1973. Media career
In 1955, he was the first editor-in-chief of Independent Television News and was responsible for introducing American-style newscasters to British media and pledged to transform television's attitudes to politicians. He left ITN after a row when the company tried to trim down the news operations and rejoined the BBC. <mask> authored several books, including biographies of Konrad Adenauer and Charles De Gaulle. De Gaulle: A Biography (London: Collins, 1969)
 Escape from Germany 1939-1945
 Spoils of the War: The Rise of Western Germany 1945-1972
 Patterns of Government in Africa
 Leap before you look: a memoir, 1988. <mask> was the second son of the Rev. (Arthur) Stafford <mask>, Canon of Windsor, and the former Anstice Katherine Gibbs (usually known as Nancy), sixth of the ten children of Antony and Janet Gibbs of Tyntesfield, Somerset.His paternal grandfather was George Baden <mask> (1833–1879), a successful railway contractor and his wife Inez. <mask> was the brother-in-law of the Earl of Cavan and Crawley's mother was related to the Lords Wraxall, of Tyntesfield and the Lords Aldenham and Hunsdon. <mask> was chaplain to the Archbishop of York at Bishopthorpe and later Canon of St George's Chapel, Windsor. The <mask>s had three sons and two daughters, of whom <mask> was the middle son. A daughter Anstice, Lady Goodman (see below), was also prominent in public life. Marriage and issue
In 1945, he married the sometime war correspondent Virginia Cowles (24 August 1910 – 6 September 1983), daughter of the controversial society doctor Edward Spencer Cowles MD, with whom he had 3 children. Crawley suffered several tragedies.His wife died in 1983 in a road accident near Biarritz in France. Five years later, he lost both his sons in a plane crash whilst they were travelling together to their sister's 40th birthday party, leaving young children and widows who were seven months pregnant. He then lost heavily in the Lloyd's crash and at the time of his death, <mask> was virtually penniless. He was survived by his daughter Harriet, his two widowed daughters-in-law and six grandchildren:
 Andrew Hayward <mask> (1947−1988), married Sarah Lawrence in 1986 and had one son and a posthumous daughter. Randall Stafford <mask> (1950–1988), who married Marita Georgina Phillips in 1982. Their two sons (the younger Galen born after his death) and a daughter. His widow Marita remarried Andrew Knight in 2006.Harriet Spencer <mask> (b. 1948), a successful author and former television presenter of "Collecting Now", married Gleb Shestakov in 1993 and then Julian Ayer in around 2001. Ayer, whom she met in 1999, was the adoptive son of the philosopher Sir Alfred Jules Ayer. They had no children although Harriet had one son in 1987: Harriet unsuccessfully fought the Brent East Constituency in the 1987 general election, she lost to Labour veteran Ken Livingstone. Spencer Henry <mask> (b.1987) who played one first-class cricket match for Oxford University. Notable relatives

 <mask>'s sister was Anstice, Lady Goodman (7 December 1911 - 4 January 2001), whose marriage to Sir Victor Goodman was childless. <mask>'s niece Penelope Anstice <mask> (b.1950) married 1971 Lord Guernsey, now 12th Earl of Aylesford (b. 1947), the heir to the 11th Earl of Aylesford and has issue, including one son. Her husband succeeded to the earldom on 12 February 2008, and her son is now styled Lord Guernsey. This is not the first notable marriage for a Crawley female; her great-aunt Caroline Inez <mask> (d. 1920, without issue) was first wife of Field Marshal the 10th Earl of Cavan. An ancestress <mask>-Boevey (1817–1877), of the Crawley-Boevey baronets married William Gibbs of Tyntesfield and Clyst St. George, and had issue, seven children, of whom four are listed in the Plantagenet Roll.<ref>Marquis de Ruvigny de Raineval et al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=w9UYYThhRIQC&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=%22George+Baden+Crawley%22&source=web&ots=mn5pa3SiDe&sig=FchROnbsAi3YcvIY78911tdYO2A&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA150,M1 Plantagenet Roll: Clarence Volume] p. 150. Originally published: London : T.C.& E.C. Jack, 1905. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Com, 1994. Retrieved 10 December 2008</ref> Her granddaughter Anstice Katharine Gibbs married a Crawley cousin (Arthur Stafford <mask>) in 1903, and was mother of <mask> <mask>. Anstice's brother was 1st Baron Wraxall, while close relatives patrilineally were the Lords Aldenham and Hunsdon (now united as of 1939). Notes

References
Daily Telegraph, 14/06/67

Photograph of <mask>ley down the page. Virginia Cowles, German Wikipedia (in German).<mask> from CricketArchive
"After the flood: England witness a triumph of the spirit in Sri Lanka" The Independent, 18 December 2007. Describes Harriet Ayer's efforts to build a memorial to her husband, and relates some of the family tragedies. External links

 Crawley ancestry can be found at the following sources:
 the Plantagenet Roll: Clarence Volume
 the 1895 issue of Debrett's Peerage (archived online). Descendants of the Conqueror: Clarence 25. This shows all the descendants of the <mask>-Boevey baronets, starting with the 2nd Baronet and his brothers. Retrieved 10 December 2008. Rev.Arthur Stafford <mask> (1876-1948), Canon of Windsor, information in the National Archives. Further reading
<mask>. Leap before you look: a memoir'', (HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 7 April 1988)

1908 births
1993 deaths
20th-century biographers
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
British World War II fighter pilots
British World War II prisoners of war
British reporters and correspondents
British sportsperson-politicians
Buckinghamshire cricketers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
English biographers
English cricketers
English television executives
Free Foresters cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
ITN
Kent cricketers
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
Ministers in the Attlee governments, 1945–1951
Oxford University cricketers
People educated at Harrow School
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
People from Benenden
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Shot-down aviators
20th-century English businesspeople
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Aidan Merivale Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Family Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Stafford Crawley
Stafford Crawley
Crawley
Aidan
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Matilda Crawley
Crawley
Aidan Merivale
Crawley
Aidan Craw
Aidan Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Aidan Crawley