title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
<mask> () is an Iraqi novelist and journalist born in Al Basrah, Iraq. He earned his doctorate (PhD) in Physics and Mathematics from Moscow State University (1993). He has published four novels, the most recent of which was Baghdad's Dead, as well as three collections of short stories and books about press release, literature and politics, both original works and translations. He has worked for several international and Arab newspapers. He has also won awards for stories, theater and journalism. Literary activity

Early works

<mask>'s first novel, A Summer at the South, was published in 1983, followed by the publication of two novels in the 1980s, Lighthouses and The Twin, in addition to three collections of short stories: A Fading Shadow, The Living Shrine and The Coronets. Baghdad's Dead
In 2008, the writer published Baghdad's Dead, a novel about a man who returns to Iraq during war.This man (anonymous throughout the novel) acquired a deep knowledge of the ontology of the dead through bonding with them in the morgue while studying medicine in Moscow, in addition to physics and mathematics. This was reflected in the recurrence of quotes, which are used as the chapter openers of the novel, thus forming a poetic rhythm to the language of the dead engraved on their chests as an Ouija legendary board. <mask> <mask> has built a strategy that roams around hundreds of notations, using extracts from ancient books and those of more recent times to support his theory about the "Human truth" in its finest forms, deepest connotations and utmost prospects. This arduous work requires consideration of the poetic quality of death, research about "the Creation – Genetic Modification" of the characteristics of individuals and ethnic groups and the prediction of their biological and social future, as well as going through Gilgamesh, Al-Maʿarri, Dante and dozens of contemporary writers. Baghdad's Dead revealed an epic vision of the reality of the post-US invasion of Iraq through the forensic medicine morgue in the capital, where the protagonist in the novel seeks the creation of the new "Adam" out of modified genes extracted from the bodies of victims of the occupation, militias and gangs. Baghdad's Dead, published in 2008, was considered the first novel in Iraq to adapt the idea of "creating" a human model out of the corpses of the victims. The novelist invested all the data of modern science such as medicine, anatomy and genome to embrace the tragic occupation in an Iraqi novel that was considered one of the most important novels covering Iraq's history at this stage.<mask> <mask> used in this novel the literary style embracing fictional metaphors and artistic expressions revealing a passion for literature. On the other hand, and because of his academic background in science, <mask> <mask> adopted the scientific style when necessary, combining science and literature through a narrative plot that mixed reality and fiction along with scientific and literary knowledge. Documentary literature

Based on his previous job as a war correspondent, a collection of books in documentary literature by <mask> <mask> was published: Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War, Initiating the Needle's Hole that covers his experience during the war in Afghanistan, Hell's Awakening that covers his experience during the war in Chechnya, Flowers' Altar that covers his experience during the war in Kurdistan, Imams Lobbies/ Windows that covers his experience during the war in Iraq, The Galaxy Bloom that covers his experience in the Iraqi Marshes (Al Ahwar). In 2013, another book was published, The Breakage of the Sunflower: pain of a war correspondent, diaries, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kurdistan, Iraq, wrapping all his experiences while covering the conflicts and wars in those regions. In his book Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War, <mask> <mask> used his famous poetic language to influentially intensify women's conditions in Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kurdistan and Iraq, revealing all the chaos in these regions as an attempt to briefly summarize the history's lessons and its nonexistent justice. The book highlights women's conditions in the countries that lived the war for a long period of time, affecting its social structures, thus exposing these women to another kind of war in the absence of men. The book includes live testimonies, facts and statements captured from onsite suffering, transmitted by the writer with a style that reflects the pain that these women underwent due to oppression and tyranny, yet abiding by the principles of the journalistic report regarding its main elements.The book includes the following chapters: The Afghan woman (How does the Afghani woman spend her day; searching for the missing body; unveiling the Afghan beauty); the Chechen woman (the other Chechen woman; the scorched-earth women); the Kurdish woman (the Kurdish woman tree); the Wheat of Fire (Wheel of Desire; Blessed love; pretty women, but preserved); the Iraqi woman (unveiled announcement for "veiled" women in the Iraqi parliament; Girls Street; the joy of beautiful and patient women; her rush to the feast to break the anger; love in Baghdad; beauty contest between Iraq and Iran; harps of war; drivers in the ways of death and chaos; the Marsh Arabs Times). Sonnets
Two sonnets books by <mask> <mask> were published: Gratis Iraq and CV CUPIDO (The Book of Love). He also published The Great Men's Letters, a book that comprises a selection of extracts and expressions quoting famous authors, novelists and storytellers from around the world. In Gratis Iraq, the author describes the miserable situation in Iraq due to the war, blockades and political corruption, using heavy expressions in short passages. These texts hold a huge grief in regarding the situation in the author’s country during the last decades. In CV CUPIDO (The Book of Love), the author talks about the résumé of love through short passages, although its preface is quite long and poetic, in addition to some short articles. The book also includes quotes to writers, artists and thinkers selected and translated by <mask> <mask>.The book treats questions such as: “Why has true love become so rare?” It also discusses subjects such as farewells, jealousy, confusion, fear of love, and many other subjects through a literary combination of diverse styles. In The Great Men's Letters, the author recalls the tradition of Arab heritage in gathering, preparing and selecting the nomad, stating "these are not extracts nor quotes, these are a complete fusion and a harmony I grasped from those who made our lives better and beautiful." The book does not include an index or arranged chapters, for this book is a parade of selected quotes with no separations. The author might intend that the reader directly examines these texts. Journalism

<mask> <mask> is currently working for Al-Qabas, the Kuwaiti newspaper. He has worked for many Arab and international media organizations such as Moscow Times and the newspaper Al Bayan in UAE. His reports on war were also published in Al Khaleej newspaper in United Arab Emirates as well as in the London-based newspaper Al-Zaman and in some Russian newspapers.He has also worked as an analyst for the Russian affairs in Al Jazeera News Channel and an analyst for the Iraqi affairs in the Orbit Channel. Although he studied Physics, <mask> <mask>'s early interest in journalism was attributed to its correlation with literature. He points out that this literary-scientific blend has paved his path in journalism, in which he became famous as a war correspondent. <mask> <mask> covered the Iran–Iraq War, the wars among Soviet republics, and the wars in Chechnya, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kurdistan, Darfur, Iraq and Lebanon. In addition to the hundreds of investigative journalism published, he issued a series of books about documentary literature related to the areas of conflict he had visited. <mask> <mask> considers, the war correspondent as the warning device that announces disasters settled by advertising agencies but wasted by distant wars through additional scandalous reports. He states that we should not be writing about cities, especially enraged ones, based on our passion or hate towards them, but based on what is worth to be added to the timeline, the future memories and the generations' lesson.<mask> <mask> perceives the photo/ image as a large professional and documentary value within the press reportage, thinking that it challenges and overcomes the written text, guarantees the provision of the subject and treating it based on wider angles, and expands the reader's perspectives leading him to the heart of the subject. <mask> <mask> has published many articles and research studies that covered political affairs in Iraq, Russia and Iran. He has also recorded many interviews with Iraqi politicians such as Jalal Talbani and Massoud Barzani. He has also published several articles and studies in cinema, literature, science and technology. For example, he published in 2011 a series of research articles addressing the cultural change after the collapse of totalitarian regimes in Romania, Poland, Czech Republic and Russia. Academic work

<mask> <mask> has worked as a lecturer in physics at Basra University before joining the University of Moscow to pursue his master's degree and doctorate in nuclear physics. Once he graduated, he worked as a professor of physics at the same university until 2003.Awards

Journalist of 2014 Award

<mask> <mask> won the Journalist of 2014 Award from the Arab Academy for Human Rights in the United Kingdom in 2014. This awards honors the work of the reporters and media workers and writers, to devote freedom of expression and defend human rights in order to mark out their efforts in the global and local media. According to the merits of the jury's decision to award the prize to <mask> <mask>, "the latter has an exceptional ability and courage that enabled him to document the moment of abuse and trauma, destruction and loss despite the fact that he was putting his life to danger; he can also communicate the feelings of fear through his writings to the readers and awaken the feelings of hope in them at the same time." The jury particularly praised his books; Wheat of Fire and The Breakage of the Sunflower, noting that Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War is an investigative work and study of the conditions of women during the war, in which he covered the horrific attacks in Chechnya, Afghanistan, Kurdistan and Iraq, and reveals the ways women managed to take care of their families and protect them during the war. He also documents the courageous spirit, initiative and persistence and draws a picture of strength in confronting adversity. As for The Breakage of the Sunflower: pain of a war correspondent, the jury described it as a large documentary work full of emotions, and a diary of pain and destruction of the war correspondent which he experienced daily. This book documents the devastation the war left behind on the environment and the human mind at the same time.".Arab Journalism Award 2005

<mask> <mask> won the Arab Journalism Award in its fourth cycle for investigative journalism category. This award was established in 1999 aiming to contribute to the development of the Arab press, and to the promotion of its path by honoring excellent and distinguished Arab journalists. <mask> <mask> was the first Iraqi journalist to be granted the award for an overall of ten investigative reports published in Al-Qabas newspaper about the city of Najaf in Iraq, entitled (Najaf on fire). The jury described this investigation "as a direct field work for the writer, comprising new information on a delicate issue by the time, a personal intervention from the core, an interpretation of information and a pursuit to uncover its background. All these are necessary conditions for the investigative reports".". Literary awards

<mask> <mask> won numerous literary awards in novel, short story and theater writing starting in 1983, when his novel A Southern Summer won a discretionary award, followed by his two novels Lighthouses and The Twin, as well as many other short stories. Extracts

"As if he split himself into two parts: the first part being dedicated to the loved ones and the second to book the tickets for the dead, he realized that all the tricks that he evaluated scientifically and practically will bring him nothing but half a ticket, half a breeze and half a thread for the high hopes he put to face the harsh resistance of death, which embrace its residence during this time and at this place.""He who knows them will not let them live on the other's death, reconciling the will flowing out of his hands, not to embrace lilies which has bloomed, but which will bloom." Baghdad's Dead

“Women stories struggling through the wars will remain the most excessive stories weighing the truth, as the butterflies wandering in a slower pace above the scorching fields; these women who only have their skin, their children's confusion and the sore Wolds streets. Yet, we can never tell the reason behind the frozen picture in our memories, the picture that remains still in our minds after each war we live and write about, the picture of a woman scattering the whole alphabet to find the right lesson to be taught.”

“For example, if we pass by Chechen and Afghan women, the only song you can hum and sing with the Kurdish women in Iraq is the song that talks about half a century of wars, battles, fatigue arcades and ceilings of the shelters for rebels and stalkers; and a husband who barely spends half of the night with his wife getting an unremarkable kiss in return, leaving her cheek thirsty while awaiting his return or his coffin.”

Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War

“We should not be writing about cities, especially enraged ones, based on our passion or hate towards them, but based on what is worth to be added to the timeline, the future memories and the generations' lesson. The war correspondent is considered the warning device that announces disasters settled by advertising agencies but wasted by distant wars through additional scandalous reports.”

The Breakage of the Sunflower: pain of a war correspondent, diaries, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kurdistan, Iraq

“One trick can make you resist;

that what you see in this country does not exist,

but what you hold in your memories,

is Real.”

“When the war never ends and,

stays…

stays,

for many years,

questioning who started it becomes

senseless.”

“The worst part in the end of a war

is when women start counting what was left of men.”

Gratis Iraq

"I am all the lovers... I am their prediction, their confusion, their anger, their noise, their dignity, their way, their delight, their sadness, their steps, their ashes, their aches, their spikes, their acceleration, their buttons, their instinct, their evacuation, their shadows, their erasers, their days, their dreams, their betrayal, their memorial, their song, their shine, their defeat, their beauty and their retreat." I am the most charming dress of love, its most beautiful psalms, its sweetest shine, its most violent thunder, its most honorable blastulas, its best wings, its deepest quotes, its purest flames, its empty dissipation, its clearest thoughts, its extreme freshness, its lowest cliffs, its highest springs, its protected wishes, its boldest prophecies, its most fertile seeds, its brightest crowns, its longest praise, its noisiest steps, its thinnest crosses, its most transparent days and its smartest craziness."

masks:
Jamal Hussein Ali
Jamal Hussein Ali
Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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Jamal Hussein
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title: Igor Kipnis

type: original

texts:
<mask> (September 27, 1930January 23, 2002) was a German-born American harpsichordist, pianist and conductor. Biography
The son of Metropolitan Opera bass <mask>, he was born in Berlin, where his father was singing with the Berlin State Opera. Although Jewish, the elder <mask> was popular in Germany during Nazism's rise to prominence. Employing the stratagem of a vocal injury, the elder <mask> fled Germany for Austria. When the Nazis annexed that country, the family was touring Australia. From there they moved to the US in 1938. He learned the piano with his maternal grandfather, Heniot Levy; attended the Westport School of Music, and received his B.A.from Harvard University, where he served as the program director of WHRB, Harvard's undergraduate radio station. He studied harpsichord with Fernando Valenti, and made his concert debut in New York in 1959. He was an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard, 1977), and in 1993 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Illinois Wesleyan University. <mask> lived in Redding, Connecticut. For five years he was president and artistic director of the Friends of Music of Fairfield County, the Connecticut chamber music series, in addition to having served thirteen years as co-artistic director of the Connecticut Early Music Festival. Dr. <mask> was also a member of the faculty of Fairfield University in the early 1970s, teaching between tours. He married Judith Robison on January 6, 1953.Their son, Jeremy R<mask>, became a film and record producer. <mask> and <mask> divorced in May 1996, but reconciled shortly before her death on March 1, 2001. He died in his home in Redding, Connecticut, of renal cancer. His last concert was a solo piano recital in October 2001, in San Francisco. Music career

Following his debut in 1959, harpsichordist, fortepianist, duo-pianist, and clavichordist <mask> performed in recital and as soloist with orchestras throughout the world, including North, Central, and South America, Western and Eastern Europe, Israel, and Australia. <mask> performed as harpsichord soloist with the New York Philharmonic, the Chicago, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Louisville, Dallas, Denver, Baltimore, Milwaukee, Seattle, Vancouver, Honolulu, and National Symphonies, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Capella Cracoviensis, the Boston Pops, the Munich Philharmonic, the New Amsterdam Sinfonietta, the Los Angeles, St. Paul, Cologne, Israel, New Stockholm, McGill, and Polish Chamber Orchestras, the New York Chamber Symphony, the Smithsonian Chamber Players, the Sinfonia of Sydney, and the Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. His appearances at international and domestic festivals included Bachwoche Ansbach, the Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart, and Ludwigsburg in Germany, the Bath Festival in Great Britain, Gulbenkian in Portugal, Lanaudière in Canada, the Israel Festival, the Melbourne International Festival of Organ and Harpsichord, the Madeira Bach Festival, Poland's Music in Old Crakow, the Indianapolis Early Music Festival, and Prague Spring International Music Festival.<mask>'s enormous harpsichord repertoire encompassed not only the traditional 16th through the 18th Century composers but also includes contemporary music and jazz as well. He is especially noted for his entertaining concert-length presentation, The Light and Lively Harpsichord, which samples the full range of the harpsichord repertoire, from Bach to Brubeck, as well as for his informal mini-concerts whose format he has extensively pioneered at college student centers throughout the United States, and, additionally, for his performances and recordings on related early keyboard instruments, the fortepiano and clavichord, and for directing ensembles from the keyboard. In 1995, he formed a duo with New York pianist Karen Kushner, internationally performing works for (modern) piano, four hands. Broadcasting

A frequent guest on both television and radio, such as the syndicated program First Hearing, <mask> for three seasons hosted his own The Age of Baroque over WQXR in New York and was host on WGBH-Boston's  syndicated program, The Classical Organ. In 1978, he was the first harpsichordist to perform on the Grammy Awards telecast. Editions, reviews and articles

Oxford University Press has published numerous of his keyboard editions, including his anthology, A First Harpsichord Book. He was also noted for his record reviews and articles in such periodicals as  The International Classic Record Collector, The International Piano Quarterly, Gramophone Early Music, Goldberg, Early Music America, the internet music magazines Music & Vision and Stereo Times, Stereophile, Audio, FI, Schwann/Opus, Stereo Review, The American Record Guide, Clavier, Opus, Chamber Music Magazine, Early Keyboard Studies Newsletter, and The Yale Review, as well as having written for The Washington Post, the New York Post, and the New York Herald Tribune.He was also involved in compiling A Harpsichord Resource Book for Greenwood Press, and editing the harpsichord and clavichord volume of a three-volume set – Encyclopedia of Keyboard Instruments, of which the harpsichord and clavichord volume was published in 2007, Routledge published the set – vol.1 The Piano (2003); vol.2 The Organ (2006); and <mask>'s vol.3 The Harpsichord and Clavichord (2007). <mask> also wrote Instruments writing A Harpsichord Tutor for Oxford University Press, and, for Amadeus Press, preparing a biography of his father, the late Metropolitan Opera bass, <mask>. He was also for a time responsible for the covers and background sleeve notes for Westminster Records. He was the co-author of a book about Mozart, Mozart and the Royal Society, which he published together with Bern Dibner for the Burndy Library in 1985. Recordings

He was a prolific recording artist, with 106 albums to his credit, of which 93 were solo. Among the honors he received were 9 Grammy nominations, three "Record of the Year" awards from Stereo Review,  the 1969 Deutsche Schallplatten Prize, and the 1988 Gold Star award from the Italian periodical, Musica. Keyboard, in that magazine's annual readers' poll, named him "Best Harpsichordist" in 1978, 1979, and 1980 and "Best Classical Keyboardist" in 1982 and 1986.Among his last record releases were The Virtuoso Scarlatti, fifteen sonatas played on five harpsichords after historical prototypes built by Hubbard of Boston  and Vivaldi‘s The Four Seasons, in which he directed members of the Connecticut Early Music Festival from the keyboard (both on Chesky Records – produced and recorded by his son, <mask>), Sony CD reissues of The Spanish Harpsichord, the complete Bach Harpsichord Concertos with Neville Marriner conducting, Bach's Italian Concerto and Second English Suite (together with works for clavichord), Harpsichord – Greatest Hits, as well as the complete Fantasias of J. S. Bach for harpsichord and clavichord (on Arabesque), A Treasury of Harpsichord Favorites and Mozart on the 1793 Fortepiano (two anthologies on Music & Arts), and <mask> – The First Solo Harpsichord Recordings (on VAI). He recorded for Epiphany, Chesky, Angel (EMI), Sony Music/CBS, VAI, Arabesque, Music & Arts Programs of America, London (Decca), Musical Heritage Society, Intercord, Teichiku, Nonesuch, MCA, CRI, Grenadilla, Vanguard, Nitepro, King, Start, Golden Crest and Newport Classic. References

External links
 Interview with <mask>, April 5, 2001
 Mind My Harpsichord!, In Affectionate Memory of <mask>, by Bill Newman, Music & Vision, March 15, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 A Man of Many Talents, by Jennifer Paull, January 25, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 Stereophile Obituary, by Wes Phillips, February 3, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 [ Biography], by Joseph Stevenson, allmusic, retrieved October 4, 2006

1930 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century German musicians
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American harpsichordists
Chesky Records artists
Classical piano duos
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Deaths from kidney cancer
German emigrants to the United States
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American classical musicians
Musicians from Connecticut
Musicians from Berlin
People from Redding, Connecticut
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Igor Kipnis
Alexander Kipnis
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Judith Kipnis
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Igor Kipnis
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Alexander Kipnis
Jeremy Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Igor Kipnis


title: Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier

texts:
<mask> (23 November 1758 or 1751 – 9 December 1831) was a French Army general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Biography

1768–1795
Born in Mont-Louis to the mercenary general <mask>, he became a cadet in the Lyonnais Regiment on 30 June 1768, aged nine, with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1774 and captain in 1782, both in the same regiment. He fought in the naval campaigns of 1779 to 1783 under the command of Charles-Gustave de Falkenhayn, including service at the sieges of Mahon and Gibraltar. He was made a chevalier de Saint-Louis for long service in 1791 and lieutenant-colonel of the 34th Line Infantry Regiment on 5 February 1792. He thus served in the Army of the North under generals Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette and Charles-François Dumouriez, commanding the 1st Grenadier Battalion in its reserves from 1 August to 15 September 1792. In that role he converged to guarantee the armée du Grand-Pré's safe retreat to Sainte-Menehould, bringing in all the position's artillery under enemy fire and beat off several Prussian attacks at the entrance to Senuc wood.However, in taking his battalion and a squadron under Chamborand in to support, he was attacked by seven enemy squadrons protected by light artillery and was badly wounded in the arm by a sabre. Wishing to reward his services, the commander in chief made him a colonel on the field of battle, ranking in his regiment from 24th of the previous month, the date at which a vacancy had appeared at the rank of colonel. Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, then a general and minister for war, also showed the government's appreciation by sending him a fully equipped horse. After recovering from his wounds, Meunier returned to the Army of the North, in which he now acted as a brigadier general. He was commanded to man the defence lines at Pont-à-Marcq and Mons-en-Pévèle and given a force of 8,000 men to do so. Next he commanded the citadel at Lille when that city was threatened by the enemy – he organised eight newly raised battalions, then (as a result of recruiting) moved to the Vendée to command 1st Battalion of the 34th Line Infantry Regiment. There he fought against the Quiberon Expedition and was made a brigadier general by the commander in chief Lazare Hoche on the field of battle on 16 July 1795 – this rank was confirmed on 23 August.Republic to Empire
Later in 1795 he was put in command of one of the divisions of the Army of the Coasts of Brest, later known as the Army of the Coasts of the Ocean. Soon Hoche, Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse and Laurent Truguet put him in command of a planned expedition to capture the Cape of Good Hope, though this never came to fruition. Hoche then ordered <mask> to raise 17,000 men as the second half of the planned Expédition d'Irlande and put Meunier in command of them. Hoche and his invasion force set off for Ireland on 15 December 1796 but when it reached the open sea the frigate carrying the general was separated from the main force by a storm and the other ships dispersed and headed back to Brest. In September 1797 Meunier was assigned to the armée d'Angleterre for a planned invasion of the United Kingdom – its commander was Napoleon Bonaparte. On 13 April 1798 he was put on the military committee and on 16 October 1798 was made head of the Dépôt de la Guerre. On 2 December 1799 he took command of Finistère, which he had already exercised.He actively put Brest on a war footing, sending a memo on the topic to Napoleon (now First Consul). The commander-in-chief Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune praised Meunier in a report to the government. His successor in that role was general Frédéric-Christophe Houdelot – at the time of the handover, they both led the operation which forced Georges Cadoudal to surrender. In year X (1801–1802) Meunier moved to 12th Military Division. He was made a member of the Légion d'honneur on 11 December 1803 and a commander in the same order on 14 June 1804. On 29 April he was made a member of the commission set up to write a military code, but this was dissolved before completing its work. Meunier had been attached to the section charged with editing the ordnance on infantry manoeuvres – he completed the work and presented it to the government.First Empire
In 1806 he was made part of the Grande Armée, coming to Paris to wait for orders on 21 September 1807. He was retired on 23 November 1807 and succeeded Régis Barthélemy Mouton-Duvernet as inspector of several line infantry and artillery regiments on 26 December 1807. He was granted lands in Westphalia and the title of baron de l'Empire by Napoleon on 19 March 1808, who on that date also made him inspector of the infantry in the 21st Military Division on 30 April and later commander of the Méditerranée department in Tuscany. Meunier briefly retired for health reasons on 14 October 1809 but otherwise remained in his position until 21 June 1810, when he was put in charge of a branch of the Hôtel des Invalides in Louvain. From 1 July 1812 to 30 July 1814 he was in charge of the École militaire de Saint-Cyr. On 10 August 1814 he was promoted to lieutenant general, on 16 August 1814 he was made a chevalier de Saint-Louis and on 22 September 1814 commander of the Vienne department (12th Military Division). He commanded it until 17 February 1815.A decree of 30 March 1815 made him commander of the École militaire de La Flèche and he finally retired on 1 August that year. He died at Poitiers in 1831. Works
  Évolutions par brigades, ou Instruction servant de développement aux manœuvres de ligne indiquées dans les règlements. Ouvrage dédié au Duc de Berri, Paris, 1814, in-8°, avec 16 planches. References

Bibliography
 Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne Supplément. Côte S.H.A.T. : 7 Yd 671.1758 births
1831 deaths
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Barons of the First French Empire
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Knights of the Order of Saint Louis
École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr commandants

masks:
Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier
Hugues Meunier
Meunier


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
<mask> (; 25 August 1921 – 25 September 1979) was an Italian judge and politician from Sicily notable for his anti-Mafia stance. From 1958 until 1971 <mask> was an examining magistrate at the Palermo prosecuting office. He was one of the first to seriously investigate the Mafia and the financial operations of Cosa Nostra. He was killed by the Mafia in 1979. <mask> can be considered the predecessor of the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino who were also killed by the Mafia in 1992. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 25 August 1921, in Petralia Sottana, a small town located at about 70 km southeast of Palermo (Sicily). He entered the judiciary in 1946.In 1958 he became the head of the Examining Office at the Palermo Court. At the time the prosecution was separated in an examining phase (the so-called instruction phase) and a prosecuting phase. <mask> helped bring numerous Mafiosi to trial and subsequent imprisonment. He was a key figure in the Trial of the 114 which saw many prominent Mafiosi on trial for their role in the First Mafia War in the early 1960s that ended with the Ciaculli massacre on 30 June 1963. On 31 May 1965, he ordered the prosecution of 114 mafiosi. However, despite <mask>’s efforts, the sentence of the Trial of the 114 on 22 December 1968, by the Court of Catanzaro was a disappointment and many prominent mafiosi were acquitted. All but 10 of the 114 defendants were acquitted.Angelo La Barbera got 22 years and Tommaso Buscetta 14 years for two so-called “white deaths”  - the so-called lupara bianca which is used to refer to a mafia-style murder in which the victim's body is deliberately hidden. <mask> was the first to acknowledge the existence of a Sicilian Mafia Commission. He based himself on a confidential report of the Carabinieri of 28 May 1963, where a confidential informant revealed the existence of a commission composed of fifteen persons – six from Palermo city and the rest from towns in the province – "each with the rank of boss of either a group or a Mafia family." Judge <mask> did not believe that the existence of a commission meant that the Mafia was a tightly unified structure. <mask> also led investigations into the connections between the Mafia and politics. He looked into the exploits of the prominent Sicilian politician Salvatore Lima as mayor of Palermo and concluded that Lima was in league with a number of Mafiosi, including Angelo La Barbera. In an indictment in 1964, <mask> wrote: "it is clear that Angelo and Salvatore La Barbera (well-known bosses in the Palermo area) ... knew former mayor Salvatore Lima and maintained relations in such a way as to ask for favours.... The undeniable contacts of the La Barbera mafiosi with the one who was the first citizen of Palermo ... constitute a confirmation of ... the infiltration of the Mafia in several sectors of public life." However, nothing came of his enquiries or allegations. Prosecuting the Corleonesi
<mask> made little attempt to hide the fact that his ambition was to bring Luciano Leggio, the boss of the Corleone Mafia Family – known as the Corleonesi – to justice. In 1965 <mask> ordered the prosecution of over sixty Corleonesi, including Leggio (Trial Leggio + 63), for a series of murders in Corleone from 1958 to 1963. The most prominent victim had been the Mafia-boss of Corleone, Michele Navarra. However, the sentence of the Bari Court on 10 June 1969 resulted in acquittals for all the 64 defendants.The jury found Leggio guilty of stealing grain in 1948, for which he received a suspended sentence, but he was pronounced not guilty on all other accounts, including the murders of Placido Rizzotto and Navarra. The judges and prosecutors received anonymous letters threatening them with death. Salvatore Riina – Leggio's eventual successor – was acquitted in 1969 and remained at large until his capture in 1993. The Corleonesi were also indicted in the Trial of the 114 related to the First Mafia War that resulted in the Ciaculli Massacre, that was also prepared by <mask>. During an interrogation preparing the trial, Leggio refused to answer questions. When in response to one of them, Leggio replied that he could not even recall his own name or his parents, <mask> instructed the clerk: “Write that Leggio does not know whose son he is.” Leggio was infuriated with the implication that he was a bastard. The incident was the beginning of a deep hatred by Leggio for <mask>.“Leggio actually had foam on his lips; he would have killed me on the spot if he could,” <mask> told his wife. The prosecution appealed successfully against the Catanzaro verdict that had acquitted Leggio and had him tried in absentia in 1970. This time Leggio was found guilty, although he had left jail after the Catanzaro trial, given the time they had already spent in detention while awaiting trial, and it was not until 1974 that Leggio was finally captured again and taken into custody. Antimafia Commission
After the failure to fight the Mafia through the courts, <mask> changed strategy. In May 1972, he was elected as a representative in the Italian Parliament for the Independent Left under the auspices of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He became the secretary of the Antimafia Commission that was established in 1963 after the Ciaculli massacre. He was re-elected in 1976.<mask> together with PCI deputy Pio La Torre wrote the minority report of the Antimafia Commission that was published in 1976, which pointed to links between the Mafia and prominent politicians in particular of the Christian Democrat party (DC - Democrazia Cristiana). <mask> had urged his colleagues of the majority to take their responsibility. According to the minority report:
… it would be a grave error on the part of the Commission to accept the theory that the Mafia-political link has been eliminated. Even today the behaviour of the ruling DC group in the running of the City and the Provincional Councils offers the most favourable terrain for the perpetuation of the system of Mafia power. However, the reports and the documentation of the Antimafia Commission were essentially disregarded. <mask> would talk of “thirteen wasted years” of the Antimafia Commission, and did not seek re-election again. Death

After seven years in Rome, at the end of the legislature in June 1979, <mask> <mask> asked to be re-instated in the judiciary and was appointed as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo to take the fight against the Mafia to the courts again."Don't worry," he told his wife, "they don't dare touch judges, they won't touch me." However, on 25 September 1979, then aged fifty-eight, <mask> was shot to death in his car along with his driver, policeman Lenin Mancuso, who acted as his bodyguard. The combination of his investigative skills and his recent political connections in Rome would have made <mask> an even more formidable Mafia opponent than before. Taking <mask>’s place was Rocco Chinnici, who was murdered by the Mafia in 1983. While in prison Luciano Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask> as a revenge for the insult at the interrogation in the 1960s. The murder was approved by the Commission. <mask> had become the worst enemy of Leggio and the Corleonesi.He had a photograph of Leggio in his office that his colleagues had given him as a joke. Leggio was charged with ordering <mask>'s murder, but was acquitted for lack of evidence, both in the first trial, which was held in Reggio Calabria in 1983, and three years later, in 1986, in the appeal process. New Trial
In 1997, the prosecution office in Reggio Calabria re-opened the murder investigation after the pentiti Francesco Di Carlo and Gaspare Mutolo named the mafiosi Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino, Vincenzo Puccio, Giuseppe Madonia and Leoluca Bagarella as the material killers. Di Carlo confirmed that Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask>. In 1974, when the Sicilian Mafia Commission was reorganized, Leggio through Totò Riina (Leggio was in jail) asked the Commission gathered at Michele Greco’s estate Favarella for permission. The Commission decided, on instigation of Gaetano Badalamenti, that <mask> should be killed outside Sicily, in Rome. The killing was stalled because of plans to liberate Leggio.When that failed <mask>’s murder was on the agenda again and was confirmed in June 1979 during a Commission meeting at the Favarella estate. On 15 January 2000, Salvatore Riina, Bernardo Brusca, Bernardo Provenzano, Francesco Madonia, Pippo Calò, Nenè Geraci and Michele Greco (all members of the Sicilian Mafia Commission at the time of the murder) were convicted to life sentences for ordering the murder of <mask> and Mancuso (Leggio had died). However, Leoluca Bagarella, Giuseppe Madonia and Giuseppe Farinella were acquitted as the material killers. After 25 years, in October 2004, the Supreme Court confirmed the life sentences for Totò Riina, Michele Greco, Nenè Geraci and Francesco Madonia. Legacy
Despite the fact that his prosecutions of the Mafia in the 1960s eventually failed in Court, <mask> pioneered in investigating the Mafia. His verdict always included historical and theoretical aspects. He determined that there was "only one Mafia, neither old or young, neither good nor bad," but "efficient and dangerous, divided into clusters or groups or 'families,' or more accurate still, 'cosche.'"At the time, his analysis of the Mafia was modern and advanced. In the 1960s, however, it was not understood and accepted by the judiciary, which considered him too "bold" or worse, "imaginative". The revelations in 1984 of a pentito (informant) from the Mafia, Tommaso Buscetta, would prove him right. He paved the way for a more successful prosecution of the Mafia in the 1980s and was the predecessor of Antimafia judges as Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino that prepared the Maxi Trial that convicted 338 of the 475 Mafiosi members originally charged. <mask> <mask>’s widow Giovanna became a prominent personality in the Antimafia movement after her husband was murdered. She co-founded the first permanent civil Antimafia organisation, the Associazione donne siciliane per la lotta contro la Mafia (Association of Sicilian Women against the Mafia). Giovanna <mask> said in an interview: "I would have felt guilty if I had stayed at home.I would have thought: Cesare died for nothing. Yes, because being killed is terrible, but being forgotten is even worse. It’s like dying twice." On 11 January 1982, on the initiative of judge Rocco Chinnici, who had succeeded <mask> as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo and who also became a victim of a Mafia attack on 29 July 1983, a research center in the name of <mask> <mask>, the Centro Studi Giuridici e Sociali "Cesare Terranova", was set up in Palermo to honour his memory. Quotes
"The Mafia is oppression, arrogance, greed, self-enrichment, power and hegemony above and against all others. It is not an abstract concept, or a state of mind, or a literary term... It is a criminal organization regulated by unwritten but iron and inexorable rules...The myth of a courageous and generous 'man of honour' must be destroyed, because a mafioso is just the opposite." "It is necessary to dismantle the myth of the mafioso as a brave and generous “man of honour”, since the mafioso is characterised by a totally opposite character…the mafioso shoots to the shoulder, by treachery, when he is secure to have the total control upon the victim… He is ready to any compromise, to any renunciation and to the worst mean actions in order to save himself in a dangerous situation… the consciousness that nobody will denounce him, and that hidden and influential forces will rush to his help, gives the mafioso arrogance and boldness, at least until the right and severe application of the law will reach him." See also
List of victims of the Sicilian Mafia
Il Capo dei Capi

References

Allum, Felia and Renate Siebert (eds.) (2012). Organised Crime and the Challenge to Democracy, London: Routledge,
Follain, John (2008). The Last Godfathers: Inside the Mafia's Most Infamous Family, New York: Thomas Dunne Books,
Gambetta, Diego (1993).The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection, London: Harvard University Press,
Jamieson, Alison (1999). The Antimafia: Italy’s fight against organized crime, London: Palgrave Macmillan, .Schneider, Jane T. and Peter T. Schneider, (2003). Reversible Destiny: Mafia, Antimafia, and the Struggle for Palermo, Berkeley: University of California Press
Servadio, Gaia (1976). Mafioso. A history of the Mafia from its origins to the present day, London: Secker & Warburg
Shawcross, Tim and Martin Young (1987). Men Of Honour: The Confessions Of Tommaso Buscetta, Glasgow: Collins
Sterling, Claire (1990). Octopus. How the long reach of the Sicilian Mafia controls the global narcotics trade, New York: Simon & Schuster,
Stille, Alexander (1995), Excellent Cadavers.The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, New York: Vintage

External links
 Centro Studi Giuridici e Sociali "Cesare Terranova"

1921 births
1979 deaths
People from Petralia Sottana
Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy
Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy
Antimafia
Judges murdered by the Corleonesi
Assassinated Sicilian politicians
People murdered in Italy
20th-century Italian judges

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title: Kamila Valieva

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<mask>na <mask> (; ; born 26 April 2006) is a Russian figure skater. She is the 2022 European champion, 2021 Rostelecom Cup champion, 2021 Skate Canada International champion, 2022 Russian national champion, and 2021 Russian National silver medalist. She is also a provisional 2022 Olympic champion in the team event pending the conclusion of a WADA investigation. During the 2022 Winter Olympics a sample that Valieva had submitted for a drug test in December tested positive for trimetazidine, which is banned in sports competition for increasing endurance. As of mid-February investigations were ongoing. Valieva is the current world record holder for the women's short program, free skating and total scores. She has set nine world records during her career.She is the first female skater to break the 250-, 260- and 270-point thresholds in the total score (all within one season), the first to break the 170- and 180-point thresholds in the free skate, and the first to break the 90-point threshold in the short program. She is the second woman to land the quadruple toe loop after training partner and teammate Alexandra Trusova, the fourth woman to land a quadruple jump of any kind, the 16th woman to land a triple Axel, and the third woman to land a triple Axel and quadruple jump in the same program after Alysa Liu and training partner and teammate Sofia Akateva. Valieva is also the first female skater to land a quadruple jump in Olympic competition. Personal life

Valieva was born on 26 April 2006 in Kazan, Russia. She is of Volga Tatar ethnicity. She has one pet dog, a Pomeranian named Lëva (Lyova), gifted to her in 2019 by fans. Valieva was enrolled in gymnastics, ballet, and figure skating classes at an early age by her mother but encouraged to focus solely on skating after turning five.She named Nathan Chen as one of the skaters whose technique and ability she admires. In an interview showcased at the ISU Skating Awards 2021, Valieva hopes to become a psychologist after retiring from figure skating. Along with her teammate  Alexandra Trusova, she prefers to use white Edea skating boots with silver blades in competition. Career

Early career
Valieva began skating in 2009 in RSDUSSHOR in Kazan. She was first coached by Ksenia Ivanova, followed by Marina Kudriavtseva and Igor Lyutikov, and Natalia Dubinskaya. When she turned six, she moved to Moscow to train at SSHOR Moskvich. In the spring of 2018, Valieva decided to switch skating clubs to Sambo-70, where Eteri Tutberidze decided to allow Valieva to join her group.In the 2018–19 season, prior to her international debut, recordings of <mask>'s short program, set to Spiegel im Spiegel by Arvo Pärt and inspired by Pablo Picasso's painting Girl on a Ball, received worldwide attention. Tutberidze described it as her favorite program of the year. The program also drew the notice of Picasso's granddaughter Diana Widmaier Picasso, who invited <mask> to visit her in Paris. Among other victories that season, she won the Russian Younger Age Championships ahead of training mates Sofia Akatieva and Sofia Samodelkina. It was later announced that Valieva would keep her short program for her international debut in the upcoming season. 2019–2020 season: Junior World champion

Valieva's international debut came in late August 2019 at a Junior Grand Prix competition in Courchevel, France. Ranked third in the short program and first in the free skate, she won the gold medal ahead of Wi Seo-yeong of South Korea and teammate and training partner Maiia Khromykh.At the competition, Valieva became the second female skater ever to land a quadruple toe loop in competition. Her total score at the event was the fourth highest score achieved by a ladies' single skater at the junior level, behind teammates Alexandra Trusova, Anna Shcherbakova, and Alena Kostornaia. Valieva also became the fourth junior lady to score above 200 points under the current GOE (Grade of Execution) system. One month later, at the 2020 JGP Russia, she placed first in both programs with personal best scores to take the title ahead of compatriots Ksenia Sinitsyna and Viktoria Vasilieva. She attempted two quadruple toe loops in the free skate for the first time, landing one. With two gold medals, she qualified in first place to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final in Turin, Italy. Prior to the 2019–20 Junior Grand Prix Final in December, a minor injury prevented Valieva from training the quadruple toe loop jump.She entered the final as a co-favorite for the title along with Alysa Liu of the United States. After placing fourth in the short program, Valieva delivered a clean free skate to take the title ahead of Liu, who dropped from first place in the short program after under-rotating a triple Axel and both of her quad Lutzes, and training mate Daria Usacheva. At 13 years old, Valieva was too young to enter the 2020 Russian Championships as a senior in December. In early February, Valieva instead competed at the 2020 Russian Junior Championships, which she won after placing first in both programs ahead of Akatieva and Usacheva. She once again included two quadruple toe loop jumps in her free skate, after recovering from her previous injury, stepping out on one and landing another in combination with a double toe loop. After the competition, she was named to the Russian team for the 2020 World Junior Championships along with teammates Usacheva, who placed third, and Khromykh, who placed fifth; silver medalist Akatieva and fourth-place finisher Sofia Samodelkina were too young to be eligible. The 2020 World Junior Championships were again seen by many as a showdown between Valieva and Liu, who had recently defended her title at the senior-level 2020 U.S. Championships.Valieva placed first in the short program ahead of Lee Hae-in of South Korea and Usacheva, setting a new personal best. Her score of 74.92 points was the second highest short program score ever for a junior lady, only behind Kostornaia's short program at the 2018–19 Junior Grand Prix Final. In the free skate, she performed similarly to the Russian Junior Championships, stepping out on her opening quadruple toe loop and landing all other jumps cleanly, including a second quadruple toe loop in combination. She won the title and became the new Junior World Champion, ahead of Usacheva and Liu. Valieva remarked afterward that "there was a little mistake on the toe loop, but basically I am pleased with my performance." 2020–2021 season

Valieva skated at the 2020 Russian test skates in Moscow, showcasing her new programs for the 2020–21 season. She executed a quad toe combination in her free skate.She competed at the second stage of the Russian Cup. There, she skated cleanly, placing first in the short program but third in the free skate due to several unexpected mistakes. She won the silver medal. She later competed at the fifth stage of the Russian Cup. There, she placed first in the short program, with one step out on a triple Axel attempt. In the free skate, she also placed first, completing two quadruple toe loops (one in combination) and with only one mistake on a triple Lutz. She placed first, winning the gold medal with one of the highest total scores in Russian domestic competition.Making her senior Russian Championships debut, <mask> placed second in the short program despite falling on her triple Axel. She also placed second in the free skate with two clean quads landed, and, despite an underrotated triple flip, won the silver medal. Following the national championships, <mask> participated in the 2021 Channel One Trophy, a televised team competition organized in lieu of the cancelled European Championships. Selected to the Red Machine team by captain Alina Zagitova, Valieva won both the short program and free skates, helping her team win the trophy. At her final event of the season, <mask> participated in the senior Russian Cup Final, winning the short program by a wide margin. In the free skate, she attempted a quadruple Salchow in competition for the first time but fell and made additional errors on both quad toe loop attempts. As a result, she finished third in the segment; however, the strength of her short program score allowed her to win the overall event by 2.04 points over teammate Maiia Khromykh.2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics
<mask> made her international senior debut at the 2021 CS Finlandia Trophy. She placed third in the short program after falling on her triple Axel attempt. In her free skate, she landed three quad jumps, recording a world record score of 174.31 points, also setting a new world record for total points (249.24). Making her senior Grand Prix debut at the 2021 Skate Canada International, <mask> won the short program with a new personal best score of 84.19, 2.95 points ahead of Elizaveta Tuktamysheva in second place. In the free skate, she skated a clean program with three quads and only one minor mistake in her triple Axel. Once again, she set a new world record for the women's free skate (180.89) and total score (265.08). <mask>'s second assignment of the season was the 2021 Rostelecom Cup, held this year at Sochi's Iceberg Skating Palace, the host venue for skating events at the 2014 Winter Olympics, instead of in Moscow as usual.In the short program, she scored 87.42 points, breaking Alena Kostornaia's previous world record of 85.45. She went on to raise the world records in the free skate (185.29) and total score (272.71). Her score was higher than that of the men's event winner, fellow Sambo-70 skater Morisi Kvitelashvili of Georgia, despite men's Program Component Score (PCS) being scaled 20% points higher. Valieva's results qualified her to the Grand Prix Final, which was subsequently cancelled due to travel and gathering restrictions prompted by the spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 December, Valieva placed first in the short program at the 2022 Russian Championships, nearly 10 points ahead of Shcherbakova in second place. She scored 193.10 for her free skate, with a gold medal-winning score of 283.48 points, nearly 35 points ahead of silver medalist Alexandra Trusova. She remarked afterward, "I did almost my maximum."As national champion, she was guaranteed a berth on the Russian Olympic team. <mask> made her European Championships debut in January 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia. She finished first in the short program with a clean skate and extended her world record score by over three points to become the first woman to break the 90-point barrier. In the free skate, <mask> fell on her triple Axel attempt for the second time in competition this season, but skated the rest of her program cleanly to narrowly win the segment over teammates Shcherbakova and Trusova and take the European title. On 20 January, she was officially named to the Russian Olympic team. Selected as the Russian entry in the women's segments of the Olympic team event, Valieva began the 2022 Winter Olympics with a first-place finish in the

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 short program with a clean triple Axel, scoring near her own world record. Valieva placed four ordinals above American skater Karen Chen, moving the Russian team into first place in the competition at the end of the short program segments.She was chosen for the women's free skate in the team event as well, winning the segment with a program that included two clean quadruple jumps (Salchow and toe loop) and a triple Axel, albeit with a fall on a second quadruple toe loop attempt. Her score was over 30 point clear of second-place finisher Kaori Sakamoto of Japan. Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games. The ROC team won the team event, but the medal ceremony was postponed pending official investigation of filed allegations concerning possible doping, though Valieva was given permission to compete while the investigation is still in progress. During the short program in the women's singles event at the Winter Olympics on 15 February, Valieva placed first ahead of Russian compatriot Shcherbakova in spite of faltering during a triple Axel though not falling. During the free skate on 17 February, she stumbled or fell at least four times as she skated to Boléro. She wept as she left the ice and did not earn a place in the top three, finishing in fourth place, behind her compatriots Shcherbakova and Trusova, who came first and second, and bronze medalist Sakamoto.All three ROC skaters landed quads in their routines, the only women at the Olympics to do so. In early March 2022, the IOC and ISU banned all figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending the World Championships due to the ongoing Ukraine conflict therefore not allowing Valieva to participate in the competition in France at the end of March. Official probe into allegations of doping and misconduct
Ostensibly, a matter of allegations concerning misconduct by Valieva began on 25 December 2021, when Valieva submitted a routine urine sample for analysis following her win at the Russian Nationals on 24 December. The normal 20-day testing time for the sample lapsed, apparently due to COVID-19 related backlogs at the testing laboratory; however, the positive doping test results were eventually forwarded for evaluation in February 2022, after the Beijing Olympics had started and the team event had concluded. The medal ceremony for the team event, in which the ROC won gold, was originally scheduled for 8 February, but was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required "legal consultation" with the International Skating Union (ISU). Several media outlets reported on 9 February that the issue was a positive test by Valieva for the banned substance trimetazidine, which was officially confirmed on 11 February. The sample in question was taken by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA) at the 2022 Russian Figure Skating Championships on 25 December 2021.On 8 February 2022, the urine sample tested positive for traces of trimetazidine. The sample was analyzed at the Doping Control Laboratory at Stockholm's Karolinska University Hospital, a World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited lab. The test result came one day after the team event concluded. Valieva was given a provisional suspension after her positive result, but was cleared on appeal by RUSADA's independent Disciplinary Anti-Doping Committee (DAC) on 9 February, just a day later. Due to Valieva being a minor at the time and thus classified as a "protected person" under WADA guidelines, RUSADA and the IOC announced on 12 February that they would broaden the scope of their respective investigations to include members of her entourage, such as coaches and team doctors. Following formal appeals lodged by the IOC, the ISU, and WADA to review RUSADA DAC's decision, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) heard the case on 13 February, ahead of her scheduled appearance in the women's singles event beginning 15 February. On 13 February, Valieva's mother testified at the CAS hearing that Valieva took hypoxen for heart "variations".According to an IOC representative, Valieva herself argued at the hearing that the positive test result was "due to contamination with [her] grandad's medicine". On 14 February, the CAS declined to reinstate Valieva's provisional suspension and ruled that she would be allowed to compete in the women’s singles event. The CAS decided that preventing her from competing "would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances", while noting that any medals won by Valieva at the Beijing Olympics would be withheld pending the results of the continuing investigation into her doping violation. The accommodating decision from the court, subject to further and ongoing investigation, was made on three grounds: due to her age, she was a "protected person" per WADA code, subject to different rules than adult athletes; she "did not test positive during the Olympic Games in Beijing"; and "There were serious issues of untimely notification of the results ... which impinged upon the Athlete’s ability to establish certain legal requirements for her benefit". The IOC announced that the medal ceremony for the team event would not take place until the investigation concluded and there is a concrete decision whether to strip Valieva and the ROC of their medals. On 15 February, after placing first in the women's short program, Valieva was reported by The New York Times to have also tested positive for two other drugs that are not banned from competition, hypoxen and L-carnitine, from her 25 December urine sample. The combination of these drugs with trimetazidine was described as a "trifecta of substances" which "seem to be aimed at increasing endurance, reducing fatigue and promoting greater efficiency in using oxygen" by Travis Tygart, chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA).At the time of the doping test, Valieva had declared taking hypoxen and L-carnitine, both of which are used in Russia supposedly to treat heart conditions or enhance athletic performance. According to The New York Times, neither agent is backed by scientific evidence of efficacy in improving cardiovascular function in athletes. To allow for the possibility that <mask>'s results may be disqualified following investigation, the IOC asked the ISU to expand the qualifying field for the women's singles free skating by one to 25, contingent upon Valieva being one of the top 24 skaters after the short program. In a press conference the day after the free skate, IOC president Thomas Bach said he was "very, very disturbed" by the "chilling atmosphere" surrounding Valieva during the free skate as coach Eteri Tutberidze berated her following a mistake-filled performance that dropped her off the podium. Bach also insinuated that her coaches likely played a role in her positive test. The Kremlin responded that "harshness of a coach in high-level sport is key for their athletes to achieve victories" and that Tutberidze's athletes were seeing strong results. IOC President Bach later added that, "doping is very rarely done alone with the athletes" and that the "ones who have administered this drug in her body, these are the ones who are guilty."WADA also filed an interim brief indicating that Valieva's acknowledgement of taking the two permitted substances, Hypoxen and L-carnitine, could be read as undercutting her testimony that the  banned substance, trimetazidine, was ingested by error. Although the US team and the Japanese team have announced their choices for competing at the ISU World Championships in France in March, the Figure Skating Federation of Russia has not yet indicated their choices of three women to send to France  for which Valieva remains eligible to compete  unless a negative outcome for doping is filed against her before the ISU World Championships. Skating technique
On 23 August 2019, at the junior level of the Grand Prix in France, Valieva performed a quadruple toe loop with a positive "GOE", which made her the second woman to perform this jump in the history of figure skating (after Alexandra Trusova) at competitions under the auspices of the International Skating Union. On 18 October 2020, a video appeared on the Internet where she performed a triple Axel with complication in training with two hands up. On 5 December 2020, she cleanly performed the triple Axel in the short program at the stage of the Russian Cup in Moscow. On 12 February 2021, a video appeared on the Internet where Valieva performed a quadruple Salchow in training with two hands up. In 2022, Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games, with former German figure skater and two-time Olympic champion Katarina Witt calling her "a child prodigy, whose highly difficult performances and grace enchanted the whole world at only 15."Awards

In February 2022, she received the Order of Friendship. Programs

World records and achievements

 Became only the second woman to land a quad toe loop at the 2019 JGP France. Became the first woman ever to surpass 90 in the short program, 170 and 180 point barrier in the free skate as well as 250, 260 and 270 point barrier in total. Set the junior record for the highest free skate score and total score at the 2020 Junior World Championships, surpassing the previous records in both categories set by her former training mate Alexandra Trusova. Her record scores were later surpassed by teammate Sofia Akateva in 2021. Set the new senior record for the highest valued triple Axel when she earned 11.54 points at the 2022 European Championships
 Became the first European woman to land a triple Axel, and the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games during the team event, held from 4–7 February 2022. Senior world record scores
Valieva has set eight world record scores.Junior world record scores

<mask> has set two junior world record scores under the +5 / -5 GOE (Grade of Execution) system. Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Detailed results

Senior level

Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Personal bests are italicized. Current world record scores are bold and italicized. Previous world records highlighted in bold. Junior level

Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships. Previous junior world record scores highlighted in bold.References

External links

! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" |World Record Holders

! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" |World Junior Record Holders

2006 births
Living people
Tatar sportspeople
Russian female single skaters
Sportspeople from Kazan
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic gold medalists for the Russian Olympic Committee athletes
Volga Tatar people
World Junior Figure Skating Championships

masks: Valieva Valieva


title: James Harry Lacey

texts:
<mask>,  (1 February 1917 – 30 May 1989) was one of the top scoring Royal Air Force fighter pilots of the Second World War and was the second-highest scoring RAF fighter pilot of the Battle of Britain, behind Pilot Officer Eric Lock of No. 41 Squadron RAF. <mask> was credited with 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, five probables and nine damaged. Early life
<mask> left King James Grammar School, Knaresborough in 1933 continuing his education at Leeds Technical College. He spent four years as an apprentice pharmacist. RAF career
<mask> joined the RAFVR (Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve) in January 1937 as a trainee pilot at Perth, Scotland. In 1938, he then took an instructor's course, becoming an instructor at the Yorkshire Flying School, accumulating 1,000 hours of flight time before the war.Called up at the outbreak of war, he joined No. 501 Squadron RAF. Second World War

Battle of France
On 10 May 1940, the Squadron moved to Bétheniville in France where <mask> experienced his first combat. On the afternoon of 13 May over Sedan, he destroyed a Heinkel He 111 of KG 53 and an escorting Messerschmitt Bf 109 on one sortie, followed by a Messerschmitt Bf 110 later in the afternoon. He claimed two more He 111s on 27 May, before the squadron was withdrawn to England on 19 June, having claimed nearly 60 victories. On 9 June, his aircraft was damaged in combat and he crash landed and almost drowned in a swamp. During his operational duties in France, he was awarded the French Croix de guerre.Battle of Britain
Flying throughout the Battle of Britain with No. 501 based at RAF Gravesend or RAF Croydon, <mask> became one of the highest scoring pilots of the battle. His first kill of the battle was on 20 July 1940, when he shot down a Bf 109E of Jagdgeschwader 27. He then claimed a destroyed Ju 87 and a "probable" Ju 87 on 12 August, a damaged Bf 110 and a damaged Do 17 on 15 August and a probable Bf 109 on 16 August. He destroyed a Ju 88 and damaged a Dornier Do 17 on 24 August and shot down a Bf 109 of Jagdgeschwader 3 on 29 August. He had bailed out unharmed after being hit by return fire from a Heinkel He 111 on 13 August. On 23 August 1940, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal after the destruction of 6 enemy aircraft.On 30 August 1940, during combat over the Thames Estuary, <mask> shot down a He 111 and damaged a Bf 110 before his Hurricane was badly hit from enemy fire. His engine stopped and he decided to glide the stricken aircraft back to the airfield at Gravesend instead of bailing out into the Estuary. A highly successful August was completed when he destroyed a Bf 109 on 31 August. On 2 September 1940, <mask> shot down two Bf 109s and damaged a Do 17. He then shot down another two Bf 109s on 5 September. During a heavy raid on 13 September, he engaged a formation of Kampfgeschwader 55 He 111s over London where he shot down one of the bombers that had just bombed Buckingham Palace. As he could not find his airfield in the worsening visibility, he then bailed out of his aircraft, sustaining slight injuries.Returning to the action shortly thereafter, he shot down an He 111 and three Bf 109s, and damaged another on 15 September 1940, one of the heaviest days of fighting during the whole battle, which later became known as "Battle of Britain Day". During the battle he attacked a formation of 12 Bf 109s, shooting down two before the others had noticed, before escaping into cloud

Two days later on 17 September, he was shot down over Ashford, Kent during a dogfight with Bf 109s and bailed out without injury. On 27 September, he destroyed a Bf 109 and damaged a Junkers Ju 88 on 30 September. During October he claimed a probable Bf 109 on 7 October, shot down a Bf 109 on 12 October, another on 26 October and on 30 October he destroyed a Bf 109 before damaging another. During the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain, <mask> had been shot down or forced to land due to combat no less than nine times. On 26 November 1940, with 23 claims (18 made during the Battle of Britain) <mask> received a Bar to his Distinguished Flying Medal for his continued outstanding courage and bravery during the Battle of Britain. The citation in the London Gazette read:

After 1940

<mask>'s final award for outstanding service during 1940 was a Mention in Despatches announced on 1 January 1941.<mask> was commissioned a pilot officer (on probation) on 25 January 1941 (seniority from 15 January) and promoted to acting flight lieutenant in June. On 10 July 1941, as "A" flight commander, he shot down a Bf 109 and damaged another a few days later on 14 July. On 17 July, he claimed a Heinkel He 59 seaplane shot down and on 24 July, two Bf 109s (by causing them to collide). He was posted away from combat operations during August 1941, serving as a flight instructor with No. 57 Operational Training Unit. He was promoted to war substantive flying officer on 22 September. During March 1942, <mask> joined No.602 Squadron, based at Kenley flying the Spitfire Mk V and by 24 March had claimed a Fw 190 as damaged. He damaged another Fw 190 on 25 April 1942 before a posting to No. 81 Group as a tactics officer. Promoted to war substantive flight lieutenant on 27 August, in November he was posted as Chief Instructor at the No. 1 Special Attack Instructors School, Milfield. In March 1943, <mask> was posted to No. 20 Squadron, Kaylan in India before joining 1572 Gunnery Flight in July of the same year to convert from Blenheims to Hurricanes and then to Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.He stayed in India, being posted to command No. 155 Squadron flying the Spitfire VIII in November 1944 and then as commanding officer of No. 17 Squadron later that month. While based in India, <mask> claimed his last aircraft on 19 February 1945, shooting down a Japanese Army Air Force Nakajima Ki 43 "Oscar" with only nine 20mm cannon rounds. <mask> was one of the few RAF pilots on operational duties on both the opening and closing day of the war. His final tally was 28 confirmed, four probables and nine damaged. Postwar
After the war was over, <mask> went to Japan with No.17 Squadron, becoming the first Spitfire pilot to fly over Japan on 30 April 1946. He returned to the UK in May 1946. He received a permanent commission in the rank of flight lieutenant on 8 December 1948 (seniority from 1 September 1945), and retired from the RAF on 5 March 1967 as a flight lieutenant; he retained the rank of squadron leader. Later life and legacy

After retirement, <mask> ran an air freight business and instructed at a flight school near Bridlington. He was an adviser to director Guy Hamilton on the set of his 1969 film Battle of Britain. Said Hamilton in an interview 30 years later "I entrusted <mask> to be my main adviser. He really was a good chap, totally invaluable."<mask> died on 30 May 1989 at the age of 72. In September 2001, a plaque was unveiled at Priory Church, Bridlington, Yorkshire in memory of the fighter pilot and ace. There is also a plaque at the location of the house <mask> grew up in, on the old site of Nidd Vale Motors, Sandbeck Lane, Wetherby. As a celebrated former pupil of King James’ School, an image of <mask> is displayed on one of the Knaresborough Town Windows, a series of trompe-l%27œil images managed by Renaissance Knaresborough. In 2016, Beverley/Linley Hill Airfield named their new flight training centre after <mask>, and on 23 July 2017, a blue plaque was unveiled on the site of the house where he was born. References

Citations

Bibliography

 Bickers, Richard Townshend. <mask>: Fighter Pilot.London: Hale Ltd., 1962. .
 Bishop, Edward, ed. The Daily Telegraph Book of Airmen's Obituaries. London: Grub Street, 2002. .

 Shores, Christopher and Clive Williams. Aces High. London: Grub Street, 1994. .

1917 births
1989 deaths
Royal Air Force squadron leaders
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
British World War II flying aces
People from Wetherby
People from the East Riding of Yorkshire
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
The Few
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II

masks:
James Harry Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Ginger Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Ginger Lacey


title: Sylvio de Vasconcellos

texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1916 in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ‒ March 14, 1979 in Washington, DC) was a Brazilian architect and architectural historian, also recognized as one of the pioneers of Brazilian modernist architecture in the state of Minas Gerais. His many studies, articles, and other scholarly works, some of them translated into other languages, spanned a range of topics that included the Baroque period in Minas, formation of the first settlements in the region, and modern architecture. He was also a long-time columnist and contributor to the Belo Horizonte newspaper, O Estado de Minas. The son of a traditional Minas Gerais family, <mask> was the fifth of seven children born to historian <mask> (1877–1965) and <mask> (1886–1972), a musician. His forebears included <mask> (1758–1815), <mask> (1795–1850), and <mask> (1843–1927). Academic and institutional career
<mask> was District III Director of Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage from 1939 until 1969 and Chair Professor of Brazilian Architecture and Dean of the School of Architecture at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte. Among other positions, he was also President of the Minas Gerais Section of the Brazilian Institute of Architects, member of the  council and curatorship of the São Paulo Museum of Art, member and Director of the Minas Gerais Association of Writers, and Director of the Brazil-U.S.Cultural Institute (ICBEU) in Belo Horizonte. After gambling was outlawed in Brazil in 1946, <mask> conceived the idea and oversaw conversion of the Casino designed by Oscar Niemeyer at the Pampulha Modern Ensemble in Belo Horizonte into the Pampulha Museum of Art.. The undertaking began in 1952 and culminated in its inauguration in 1957. He also served as the Museum's first Director. His publications include numerous studies on architecture, with special emphasis on colonial architecture in Brazil and Minas Gerais in particular. He is especially known for the following contributions: Vila Rica: formação e desenvolvimento (an exhaustive study of development of the colonial city of Ouro Preto, based on his thesis defended in 1951 for one of four national chair professorships in Brazilian Architecture); Arquitetura no Brasil: Sistemas Construtivos (1958); Mineiridade: Ensaio de Caracterização [Mineiridade: An Essay on the Culture of Minas Gerais] (1968), for which he was awarded the First Prize for a Scholarly Work on Minas Gerais in 1969; and Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisboa, O Aleijadinho, a study of the colonial sculptor often referred to as “the Little Cripple” in which he offered new context, extensive analysis, and a comprehensive catalog of the subject's work. In 1959, <mask> established the Advisory Nucleus for Research in Architecture and Urban Planning at the UFMG School of Architecture.More than 70 books were published under this program until it was closed down by the military government in 1964. He was elected Dean of the School of Architecture, UFMG, in 1963, but forcibly removed from the position at the start of the 1964 military coup in Brazil. However, his career did not end there. In 1965, he embarked on a self-imposed exile, during which he continued to make professional and scholarly contributions. In France, <mask> worked on planning the industrial city of Dreux as part of a program for the decentralization of Paris. In Portugal, he pursued research as a fellow at the Gulbenkian Foundation. In Santiago, Chile, he headed the Urban Unit at the Latin American Center for Economic and Development (DESAL) and also taught architectural composition and theory at the University of Chile, Returning to Brazil in 1968, he taught theory of architecture at the University of Brasília and then briefly resumed his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture until the military government ordered his retirement in December 1969

In 1970, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to carry on his research in a country of his choice.At the end of 1970, he started working for the Organization of American States (OAS) in its Division of Urban Development. During 1971–1973, he was the Division's Regional Director for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, headquartered in Mexico City. Following his tenure in Mexico, he became a staff specialist in the Division at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. His last assignment with the Organization ended in 1977. Throughout his post-Brazil years, <mask> continued to publish scholarly articles, wrote hundreds of articles for the Estado de Minas, won a grant from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities to translate and annotate a collection of colonial documents on the settlement of Minas Gerais in the seventeenth century, and authored his exhaustive analysis of the work of Antônio Francisco Lisboa. Architectural projects

<mask> designed a number of modernist buildings in the city of Belo Horizonte, including the Mape Building, a condominium project on Praça da Liberdade; the headquarters of ICBEU; the chapel of the Izabela Hendrix Methodist Institute on Rua da Bahia; and the UFMG Student Union building, now an art film theater, on Rua Guajajaras. He also designed dozens of private residences, mainly in the Cidade Jardim and Serra neighborhoods. Some of these homes have been designated cultural heritage sites by the Belo Horizonte City Government.Imprisonment, legal charges, and exile

<mask> was taken prisoner with no formal charges on March 31, 1964, on the eve of the military takeover, and removed from his position as Dean of the School of Architecture. The charges against him were not published until May 4, and he was not informed of them until after he was released from prison, thanks to intervention of his many supporters, in July of that year.. Among the accusations, he was charged with such allegedly subversive acts as fomenting revolution on the campus, spreading communist propaganda, encouraging students to proselytize in the slums, allowing them to sing communist songs, and arranging for their travel to an architectural conference in Cuba. In all, Sylvio was confronted with three different sets of charges. He was also claimed to have been elected Secretary-General of a communist organization and of having presided over a meeting of the Red Student Federation. In addition, he was accused of placing his official car at the disposal of Luis Carlos Prestes in 1945 for the purpose of contacting communist cells, in addition to aiding communists by (...) contracting the services of the Spanish communist José Maria Sieiro Barreiro. Sylvio denied all these charges.In particular, he stated that he was not responsible for the improper use of vehicles when they were not in service and had never had any contact with Luis Carlos Prestes, suggesting that the 1945 allegations referred to another person by the same name

Faced with the futility of trying to defend himself and the threat of being imprisoned again, <mask> felt that he was forced to leave Brazil. His 14 years of exile began in May 1965, when he traveled to France. After six months in Paris, he moved on to Lisbon, Portugal, for a number of months and then briefly returned to Brazil in 1966. However, soon after his arrival, circumstances almost immediately obliged him to leave the country again. After 18 months in Chile, having been assured that he was protected under a writ of habeas corpus and could resume his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture, he returned to Brazil once more in 1968. But not for long. In December of that year, the military government issued its most punitive decree, Institutional Act No.5. This order suspended habeas corpus for crimes of political motivation and imposed a series of additional restrictive measures, leaving <mask> more vulnerable than ever. In December 1969, he was forcibly “retired” from his academic position. On March 31, 1970, he left Brazil for the last time. After his assignment with the OAS in Mexico in 1971–1972, he settled in Washington, D.C., where he remained until his death. Brasil Borges)
2004 – Arquitetura, Arte e Cidade [Architecture, Art, and City] (ed. Celina Borges Lemos)

Publications about his life and Work

2008 – Borges Brasileiro, Vanessa.<mask> <mask>ncellos: um arquiteto para além da forma [<mask> <mask>ncellos: an architect beyond form]
2020 – Vasconcellos, Muriel. Sylvio & me: An encounter in exile / Sylvio e eu: um encontro no exílio
2020 – Vasconcellos, <mask> <mask>. As memórias de Sylvio <mask>ncellos, 1936–1957. [Translation: Memoir of <mask> <mask>, 1936–1957] (in press, Editora UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil)

References

Brazilian architects

1916 births
1979 deaths

masks:
Sylvio Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Salomão de Vasconcellos
Branca Teresa Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Diogo Pereira Ribeiro de Vasconcellos
Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcellos
Diogo de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
Sylvio
de Vasco
Sylvio
de Vasco
Sylvio
de
de Vasco
Sylvio
de Vascos


title: Semih Erden

texts:
<mask> (born July 28, 1986) is a Turkish professional basketball player for Pınar Karşıyaka of the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). Standing at , he plays at the center position. Professional career

Early years
<mask> played with Darüşşafaka in the Turkish Basketball League in 2003-04 season, appeared in one game in which he recorded one point and two rebounds. He spent the majority of the season playing with the Darüşşafaka junior team. Next season, <mask> played with Partizan Belgrade in the Adriatic League and averaged 4.6 points and 3.2 rebounds. He scored in double figures twice, tallying a high of 17 points against KK Hemofarm. He contributed 3.0 points and 2.3 rebounds per game in 12.5 minutes a contest in the EuroLeague.His highest scoring game of 10 points occurred against Efes Pilsen. In 2004–05, he also appeared in seven Yugoslav Basketball League games, averaging 1.7 points and 0.7 rebounds in 4.4 minutes a contest. Fenerbahçe
In 2005, he signed with Fenerbahçe of the Turkish Basketball League. <mask> averaged 6.5 points and 5.4 rebounds in 18.4 minutes a contest. He had a high of 14 points at Fenerbahçe and scored in double figures seven times. He also contributed 3.4 points and 2.2 rebounds in 9.1 minutes a contest in nine Euroleague games. In his second season with Fenerbahçe, <mask> played 16.1 minutes a game, averaged 6.4 points and 3.8 rebounds in Turkish League play, registering a high of 10 points against Galatasaray Café Crown.In the Euroleague, Semih added 4.5 points and 3.1 rebounds in 13.8 minutes per match. In third season <mask> averaged 7.1 points and 4.7 rebounds in 19.5 minutes a game in Turkish League play, scoring in double figures six times with a high of 15 points against CASA TED Kolejliler. During the season though, he missed a number of games due to a knee injury. In the Euroleague, he added 6.7 points and 4.3 rebounds in 19.3 minutes a contest, scored in double figures three times and posting high of 15 points against Panathinaikos Athens. NBA
<mask> was selected by the Boston Celtics with the 60th pick in the 2008 NBA draft. <mask> was still under a one-year contract with Fenerbahçe and did not join the roster in 2008–09. He was seen by Celtics general manager Danny Ainge as their first-round pick in 2009.On July 5, 2010, Celtics signed <mask> to a one-year minimum contract with a team option for 2011–12. With Boston centers Shaquille O'Neal, Kendrick Perkins and Jermaine O'Neal out with injuries, <mask> earned his first career start on December 9, 2010 against the Philadelphia 76ers. He scored 8 points in 18 minutes in a 102–101 victory. Two nights later, <mask> started for the second time in a 93–62 victory over the Charlotte Bobcats. In that game Erden played a game-high 41 minutes recording 10 points, 7 rebounds, 4 blocked shots and a plus/minus rating of +34. On February 24, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers along with teammate Luke Harangody in exchange for a second-round draft pick. On June 30, 2012, the Cavaliers extended a qualifying offer to Erden, thus making him a restricted free agent.Return to Europe
On September 21, 2011, <mask> signed with the Turkish club Beşiktaş until the end of the 2011 NBA lockout. He played alongside New Jersey Nets All-Star Deron Williams. On November 22, 2011, <mask> suffered a broken finger in a Eurochallenge game. On July 3, 2012, he signed a two-year contract with Anadolu Efes. On May 26, 2014, he parted ways with Efes. On August 1, 2014, he returned to Fenerbahçe signing a one-year deal. In 2014–15 season, Fenerbahçe advanced to the Euroleague Final Four for the first time in team's history.On May 15, 2015, however, they lost in the semifinal game to Real Madrid with 87–96. In August 2015, <mask> signed a one-year deal with his former club Darüşşafaka. On August 26, 2016, he re-signed with Darüşşafaka. On February 6, 2017, he was waived by Darüşşafaka. On October 6, 2017, <mask> signed a temporary contract with ABEL team Hacettepe Üniversitesi GSK in order to keep him able to sign a loan deal in BSL. On October 26, 2017, he signed a 1+1 deal with Beşiktaş. On October 2, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year contract with BSL side İstanbul BŞB.On August 20, 2019, he has signed with 2-year deal with Pınar Karşıyaka of the Turkish Basketball Super League. <mask> averaged over 8 points and 4 rebounds in EuroCup in the 2019-20 season. On August 12, 2020, he extended his contract until 2022. Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Boston
| 37 || 7 || 14.4 || .598 || .000 || .630 || 2.9 || .5 || .4 || .6 || 4.1
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Cleveland
| 4 || 1 || 16.0 || .286 || .000 || .833 || 2.8 || .3 || .5 || .8 || 3.3
|-
| align="left" |
| align="left" | Cleveland
| 28 || 9 || 11.9 || .527 || .000 || .512 || 2.6 || .3 || .4 || .2 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"| Career
| style="text-align:left;"|
| 69 || 17 || 13.4 || .546 || .000 || .594 || 2.8 || .4 || .4 || .4 || 3.8

National team career
<mask> is a regular player on the Turkish national team. His first international experience came in the 2005 U20 European Championships held in Moscow. He averaged 10.4 points and 8.0 rebounds in seven games for Turkey. In the 2006 U20 European Championships, held in Izmir, Turkey, Erden helped lead Turkey to a silver medal, averaging 5.4 points and 3.4 rebounds in eight games.In the same year, he earned a spot on the Turkish team for the 2006 World Championship in Japan. He contributed 2.2 points and 2.3 rebounds a game. In the 2007 European Championship in Spain, <mask> averaged 1.0 points and 1.0 rebounds in his five games. Personal life
Some of <mask>'s ancestors are of Bosniak origin. See also
List of European basketball players in the United States

References

External links

<mask> <mask> at draftexpress.com
<mask> <mask> at eurobasket.com
<mask> <mask> at euroleague.net
<mask> <mask> at tblstat.net
<mask> <mask> at fiba.com

1986 births
Living people
ABA League players
Anadolu Efes S.K. players
Beşiktaş men's basketball players
Boston Celtics draft picks
Boston Celtics players
Centers (basketball)
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Darüşşafaka Basketbol players
Fenerbahçe men's basketball players
İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyespor basketball players
Karşıyaka basketball players
KK Partizan players
National Basketball Association players from Turkey
Sportspeople from Istanbul
Turkish expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Turkish expatriate basketball people in the United States
Turkish people of Bosniak descent
2006 FIBA World Championship players
2010 FIBA World Championship players
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players

masks:
Semih Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden
Semih
Erden