title: Cicely Tyson

texts:
<mask> (December 19, 1924January 28, 2021) was an American actress. In a career which spanned more than seven decades, she became known for her portrayal of strong African-American women. <mask> received three Primetime Emmy Awards, four Black Reel Awards, one Screen Actors Guild Award, one Tony Award, an honorary Academy Award, and a Peabody Award. Having appeared in minor film and television roles early in her career, <mask> garnered widespread attention and critical acclaim for her performance as Rebecca Morgan in Sounder (1972); she was nominated for both the Academy Award for Best Actress and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama for her work in the film. <mask>'s portrayal of the title role in the 1974 television film The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, based on the book by Ernest J. Gaines, won her further praise; among other accolades, the role won her two Emmy Awards and a nomination for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. <mask> continued to act on film and television in the 21st century. In 2011, she played the role of Constantine Jefferson in the award-winning film The Help.She also played the recurring role of Ophelia Harkness in the legal drama TV series How to Get Away With Murder since the show's inception in 2014, for which she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series five times. In addition to her screen career, <mask> appeared in various theater productions. She received a Vernon Rice Award in 1962 for her Off-Broadway performance in Moon on a Rainbow Shawl. <mask> also starred as Carrie Watts in the Broadway play The Trip to Bountiful, winning the Tony Award, the Outer Critics Award, and the Drama Desk Award for Best Actress in a Play in 2013. <mask> was named a Kennedy Center honoree in 2015. In November 2016, <mask> received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which is the highest civilian honor in the United States. In 2020, she was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame.Early life
<mask> was born in the Bronx, New York City, but soon relocated with her family to East Harlem. She was one of three children born to Fredericka (Huggins<mask>, a domestic worker, and William Augustine <mask>, who worked as a carpenter and painter. Her parents were immigrants from Nevis in the West Indies. Her father arrived in New York City at age 21 and was processed at Ellis Island on August 4, 1919. <mask> grew up in a religious atmosphere. She sang in the choir and attended prayer meetings at an Episcopal church in East Harlem. <mask>'s mother was opposed to her becoming an actress and would not speak to her for a time.She changed her mind when she saw <mask> appear on stage. Career

Early work

<mask> was discovered by a photographer for Ebony magazine and became a successful fashion model. Her first acting role was in the 1956 film Carib Gold and she first appeared onstage in Vinnette Carroll's production of Dark of the Moon at the Harlem YMCA in 1958. <mask> had small roles in the 1959 films Odds Against Tomorrow and The Last Angry Man, as well as the 1960 comedy, Who Was That Lady? 1n 1961, she made her television debut in the NBC series Frontiers of Faith. In the early 1960s, <mask> appeared in the original cast of French playwright Jean Genet's The Blacks. She played the role of Stephanie Virtue Secret-Rose Diop; other notable cast members included Maya Angelou, James Earl Jones, Godfrey Cambridge, Louis Gossett Jr., and Charles Gordone.The show was the longest running off-Broadway non-musical of the decade, running for 1,408 performances. She won the 1961-1962 Vernon Rice Award (later known as the Drama Desk Award) for her performance in another off-Broadway production, Moon on a Rainbow Shawl. <mask>, who once worked for a social services agency, was spotted by producer David Susskind in The Blacks and in Tiger, Tiger, Burning Bright, and was cast for a role in the CBS TV series East Side/West Side (1963–1964), playing the secretary of a social worker played by George C. Scott. She was at the time the only African American regular member of a TV cast, The show was noted for its treatment of social issues, and one of its episodes, on an African-American couple in Harlem (played by James Earl Jones and Diana Sands), was blacked out in Atlanta and Shreveport, Louisiana. In the mid-1960s she had a recurring role in the soap opera The Guiding Light. She appeared with Sammy Davis Jr. in the film A Man Called Adam (1966) and starred in the film version of The Comedians (1967) based on the Graham Greene novel. In 1968 <mask> had a featured role in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter.Stardom
In 1972, <mask> played the role of Rebecca Morgan in the film Sounder. She was nominated for both the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress for her work in Sounder, and also won the NSFC Best Actress and NBR Best Actress Awards. In 1974, <mask> played the title role in the television film The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. <mask>'s portrayal of a centenarian black woman's life from slavery until her death before the Civil rights movement won her a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie and an Emmy Award for Actress of the Year – Special. <mask> was also nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her work in this television film. <mask>'s television roles included: Binta in the 1977 miniseries Roots, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress – Miniseries or a Movie; Coretta Scott King in the 1978 miniseries King, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie; Marva Collins in the 1981 television film The Marva Collins Story, for which she received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie; and Muriel in the 1986 television film Samaritan: The Mitch Snyder Story, for which she received an NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Television Movie, Mini-Series or Dramatic Special. Later career
In 1989, <mask> appeared in the television miniseries The Women of Brewster Place.In 1991, <mask> appeared in Fried Green Tomatoes as Sipsey. In the 1994–95 television series Sweet Justice, <mask> portrayed a civil rights activist and attorney named Carrie Grace Battle, a character she modeled after Washington, D.C. civil rights and criminal defense lawyer Dovey Johnson Roundtree. Her other notable film roles include the dramas Hoodlum (1997) and Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2005), and the television films Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All (1994) (for which she received her third Emmy Award) and A Lesson Before Dying (1999). In 2005, <mask> co-starred in Because of Winn-Dixie. In 2010, <mask> appeared in Why Did I Get Married Too? and narrated the Paul Robeson Award-winning documentary Up from the Bottoms: The Search for the American Dream. In 2011, <mask> appeared in her first music video in Willow Smith's 21st Century Girl.That same year, she played Constantine Jefferson, a maid in Jackson, Mississippi, in the critically acclaimed period drama The Help. Set in the backdrop of the Civil Rights Movement, the film won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Acting Ensemble and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. At the 67th Tony Awards, on June 9, 2013, <mask> won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her performance as Miss Carrie Watts in The Trip to Bountiful. Upon winning, the 88-year-old actress became the oldest recipient of the Best Actress Tony Award. She also won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play and the Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play for the role. In 2013, <mask> played a supporting role in the horror film The Haunting in Connecticut 2: Ghosts of Georgia. Beginning in 2014, <mask> guest-starred on How to Get Away with Murder as Ophelia Harkness, the mother of main character Annalise Keating (Viola Davis); for this role, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020.In 2020, she starred in the popular movie A Fall From Grace which was featured on Netflix. Personal life

<mask> had a daughter when she was 17 years old. At the age of 18, <mask> married Kenneth Franklin on December 27, 1942. According to her divorce decree, her husband abandoned her after less than eighteen months of marriage. The marriage was formally dissolved in 1956. <mask> began dating jazz trumpeter Miles Davis in the 1960s when he was in the process of divorcing dancer Frances Davis. Davis used a photo of <mask> for his 1967 album, Sorcerer.Davis told the press in 1967 that he intended to marry <mask> in March 1968 after his divorce was finalized, but he married singer Betty Davis that September. <mask> and Davis rekindled their relationship in 1978. They were married on November 26, 1981, in a ceremony conducted by Atlanta mayor Andrew Young at the home of actor Bill Cosby. Their marriage was tumultuous due to Davis' volatile temper and infidelity. Davis credited <mask> with saving his life and helping him overcome his cocaine addiction. They resided in Malibu, California, and New York City, until she filed for divorce in 1988. Their divorce was finalized in 1989, two years before Davis died in 1991.<mask> was godmother to the singer Lenny Kravitz, having been friends with his mother, actress Roxie Roker, as well as to Denzel Washington's daughter Katia and Tyler Perry's son Aman. <mask> was an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority. She was a member of the Abyssinian Baptist Church of New York. She was a vegetarian. She was also a first-cousin of Louis Farrakhan, a longtime leader of the Nation of Islam. <mask>'s memoir, Just as I Am, was published on January 26, 2021, and she promoted the book during the last weeks of her life. When she was asked how she wanted to be remembered in an interview with Gayle King, <mask> said, "I've done my best.That's all." <mask> died on January 28, 2021, at the age of 96. Her funeral was held February 16 at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, and was attended by Tyler Perry, her godson Lenny Kravitz, and Bill and Hillary Clinton. Filmography

Selected credits:

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1968)
Sounder (1972)
The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1974)
Roots (1977)
A Woman Called Moses (1978)
Fried Green Tomatoes (1991)
A Lesson Before Dying (1999)
Because of Winn-Dixie (2005)
Diary of a Mad Black Woman (2005)
The Help (2011)
The Trip to Bountiful (2014)
How to Get Away with Murder (2015-2020)
House of Cards (2016)
Last Flag Flying (2017)

Awards and honours

<mask> <mask> is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, three Emmy Awards, and a Tony Award. <mask> has won three Primetime Emmy Awards for her work in television winning for, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman (1974), and Oldest Living Confederate Widow Tells All (1994). She won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play her performance in The Trip to Bountiful in 2014. <mask> won her Honorary Academy Award in 2018 with the inscription reading, ""Whose unforgettable performances and personal integrity have inspired generations of filmmakers, actors and audiences."<mask> has also received various honours for her lifetime achievement as a groundbreaking artist. In 2015, she received a Kennedy Center Honor. In 2016 she was bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama. In 2020, she received a Career Achievement Peabody Award. That same year she was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. In 1977, <mask> was inducted into the Black Filmmakers Hall of Fame. In 1980, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.In 1982, <mask> was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award. The award is given to outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry. In 1988, <mask> received a Candace Award for Distinguished Service from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women. In 1997, she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2005, <mask> was honored at Oprah Winfrey's Legends Ball. She was also honored by the Congress of Racial Equality, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the National Council of Negro Women. <mask> was awarded the NAACP's 2010 Spingarn Medal for her contribution to the entertainment industry, her modeling career, and her support of civil rights.<mask> was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2015. She was awarded the United States' highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, by President Barack Obama in November 2016. In September 2018, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that <mask> would receive an Academy Honorary Award. On November 18, 2018, <mask> became the first African-American woman to receive an honorary Oscar. In 2018, <mask> was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. One of 12 soundstages was named after <mask> in her honor at Tyler Perry Studios. She was chosen to be inducted into the Television Academy's Hall of Fame in 2020.In 2022, she was posthumously inducted into the Black Music & Entertainment Walk of Fame in 2022. <mask>ly Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts, a magnet school in East Orange, New Jersey, was named after her in 2009. Notes

References

External links

Interview titled Ms. <mask> <mask>'s Fact-Finding Tour of Central Africa, 1985-11-05, In Black America, KUT Radio, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (WGBH and the Library of Congress)
<mask> <mask> at Find a Grave

1924 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Academy Honorary Award recipients
Actresses from New York City
African-American actresses
African-American memoirists
American film actresses
American memoirists
American women memoirists
American people of Saint Kitts and Nevis descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Delta Sigma Theta members
Kennedy Center honorees
Miles Davis
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Harlem
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Spingarn Medal winners
Tony Award winners
American musical theatre actresses
African-American women singers
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Cicely Louise Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
) Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Cicely
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Cicely
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Tysonice
Cicely
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Cicely
Tyson


title: George Forrest Browne

type: original

texts:
<mask> (4 December 1833 – 1 June 1930) was an English bishop, the first Anglican Bishop of Stepney from 1895 until 1897 when he was appointed Bishop of Bristol. Early life

<mask> was born in York 1833 and educated at St Peter's School, York and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. He became the 30th wrangler in 1856. In 1857 where he obtained 2nd class Honours degree in Theology and was ordained in 1858. Career

After a spell of school mastering in Scotland, he returned to his college in 1863 as a Fellow. He then held various appointments and spent some time as a parish priest. He became a distinguished archaeologist, and was Disney Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge 1887–92.After an Incumbency at Ashley, Cambridgeshire he rose steadily in the Church's hierarchy. From 1891 until 1895 he was Canon Residentiary at St Paul's Cathedral before elevation to the suffragan bishopric of the Diocese of London (from now on named Bishop of Stepney), a post he held until he attained diocesan bishop status with promotion to the See of Bristol. Taking retirement from his Professorship at the age of 62, <mask> went on to become Bishop of Stepney in 1895, and Bishop of Bristol in 1897. He remained at Bristol until 1914. After leaving Bristol, <mask> went on to publish no less than six more books in the final years of his retirement. He died at Bexhill-on-Sea in 1930. <mask> is commemorated in Bristol Cathedral by a fine bronze bust signed K Scott.It is to be found in the north choir aisle. Climbing

An enthusiast for climbing, <mask> was President of the Alpine Club early in the 20th century. The Rev <mask> is known amongst speleobibliophiles for his book, Ice Caves in France and Switzerland. Published in 1865, it is one of the most delightful travel books ever written, because of the scientific accuracy and humour of the author. The <mask> family was evidently accustomed to spending their summer holidays abroad, and in the summer of 1861 <mask> was with some members of his family at Arzier in the Jura mountains near Geneva. The son of the house, an intelligent man spoke of a glacière not far distant. At first <mask> supposed this to be a glacier, but on visiting it with the son, he found it was a limestone cave containing permanent ice.<mask> was intrigued as to the reason for this phenomenon, and during the next several years spent part of his holidays visiting a number of these ice caves, mainly in the Jura. Altogether he examined 14 or 15 caves personally, heard accounts of several more which he was unable to visit, and studied any accounts he could find in literature. His book, Ice-caves of France and Switzerland was the result of his studies, and was published in 1865. After reviewing previous theories of the origin of subterranean ice, <mask> came to the conclusion that the explanation was simple: provided that the chambers of the cave were below the level of the entrance, cold air would sink into the cave in the winter and be unable to escape; water in the cave would freeze, and would remain as ice provided that the interior was not exposed to direct solar radiation. He reported that all the caves which he had examined fulfilled these necessary conditions. Although <mask> did not make detailed surveys, he gave some measurements, or at least estimates, of size, and described the interiors of the caves in careful detail, despite the fact that his lighting was very primitive – sometimes a candle, often just an oil lantern which did not always function properly. He would resort to magnesium wire when large chambers had to be illuminated and he regularly provides sketches and plans or sections of some of these.<mask>'s descriptions of the caves, with the fantastic ice 'dripstone' formations to be found in some of them, are very vivid. The most entertaining parts of the book, however – and indeed the greater part of it – are devoted to his experiences reaching the caves themselves. Most of them are, or were in those days, far from a town of any size, and the privations endured were considerable. Although the recital of the difficulties of travel and of finding accommodation perhaps becomes a little repetitive, <mask> writes with a graphic turn of phrase and gives a spirited idea of the problems of travelling off the beaten track in the 1860s. Food was often a problem, as, for instance, in the small town of Die, in the Dauphiné, where the ravenous <mask>, after rejecting various other offerings, faced up to the cold mutton, not withstanding the footprints of mice in the cold gravy, only to find that it was so strongly flavoured with garlic that he could not eat it. It must not be thought that he was squeamish. He was evidently a well-seasoned traveller, and some of the hardships, such as wearing wet clothes for days on end, are mentioned almost as a matter of course.After his book had gone to press, <mask> revisited three ice-caves near Annecy, on this occasion having as a companion T G Bonney, a geologist from the Department of Geology at University College London. Finally, he had determined to visit the caves again in the winter and did so in January 1866 when he managed to revisit two of the caves that he had previously studied. These researches resulted in two more articles (see list below). <mask> does not seem to have undertaken any more speleology after 1866, but he was also a keen mountaineer, a founder member of the Alpine Club, and a friend of Charles Hudson, who was killed on the way down from the first ascent of the Matterhorn, and of Edward Whymper, who survived the same expedition. He was President of the Alpine Club in its Jubilee year of 1905. Works

The Venerable Bede, 1879
The Ilam Crosses, 1889
Lessons from Early English Church History, 1893
The Christian Church in these Islands before the Coming of Augustine, 1894
History of St Catharine's College, 1902
The Continuity of the Holy Catholic Church in England. A Lecture Delivered at St. Columba's Church, Haggerston, in 1896., 1903
The Recollections of a Bishop, 1915
The Importance of Women in Anglo-Saxon Times, the Cultus of St. Peter and St. Paul, and other addresses, 1919

Notes

References

External links

1833 births
People educated at St Peter's School, York
Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Bishops of Stepney
Bishops of Bristol
20th-century Church of England bishops
19th-century Church of England bishops
Fellows of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
Presidents of the Alpine Club (UK)
1930 deaths
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy

masks:
George Forrest Browne
Browne
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title: Ninian Stephen

texts:
Sir <mask>  (15 June 1923 – 29 October 2017) was an Australian judge who served as the 20th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1982 to 1989. He was previously a Justice of the High Court of Australia from 1972 to 1982. <mask> was born in England to Scottish parents. As a child he lived for periods in France, Germany, Scotland, and Switzerland, eventually arriving in Australia at the age of 16. <mask> served with the Australian Army during World War II, and after the war entered the legal profession. He became one of Australia's leading constitutional lawyers. <mask> was appointed to the Supreme Court of Victoria in 1970, and then to the High Court in 1972, aged 48.He was considered a member of the court's "moderate centre". In 1982, <mask> was appointed governor-general on the recommendation of Malcolm Fraser. He approved two double dissolutions during his time in office, the only governor-general to do so. After his term expired, <mask> remained active in public life as a conservationist and member of various international tribunals. He died at the age of 94, making him Australia's longest-lived governor-general. Early life
<mask> was born in Nettlebed, Oxfordshire, England, to Scottish parents, Barbara (née Cruickshank) and Frederick Brown <mask>. His father, a poultry farmer and ex-soldier, left the family shortly after his birth, emigrating to Canada and starting a new family; his son was told that he had died, and did not learn the truth until 2003.<mask>'s mother was a paid companion for Nina Mylne, the wealthy heiress of the Queensland pastoralist Graham Mylne; his given name was in her honour. During his early childhood, the three of them lived for periods in Switzerland (Geneva where he was christened and Montreaux), France (Paris, Cannes, and Saint-Cast-le-Guildo) and Germany (Wiesbaden), where Mylne took him to Nuremberg for the 1938 Reichsparteitag Grossdeutschland (5-12 September) which he photographed. They eventually moved to Edinburgh in 1929 so <mask> could begin his formal schooling. Mylne paid for <mask>'s education, which took place in Scotland (George Watson's College and Edinburgh Academy), London (St Paul's School), and Switzerland (Chillon College, Montreux). He and Mylne generally travelled together, while his mother remained in Scotland and ran a boardinghouse. In 1940, the three of them moved to Melbourne to avoid the war, booking first into the Oriental Hotel then taking a flat in Linden Hall opposite Scotch College which <mask> attended  for two terms, and was then accepted into the University of Melbourne to study law. Second World War
In December 1941, following the end of his first year at university, <mask> enlisted in the Citizens Military Force to serve part-time in the Melbourne University Regiment.Following Japan's entry into the Second World War, <mask> completed full-time military training from 8 December 1941 to 15 February 1942 and was then posted to the 10th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery, serving in Western Australia. He subsequently transferred to the Second Australian Imperial Force. In late 1943, <mask> transferred to the Royal Australian Engineers, serving in New Guinea from April to August 1944 with the 43rd Australian Water Transport Company. He then attended courses, culminating in a commissioning course in April 1945. As a lieutenant, he served in the 41st Australian Landing Craft Company in New Guinea and New Britain. In August 1945, he was posted to Labuan, Borneo, arriving after the war's end and serving there until January 1946. After returning to Australia, he was discharged on 5 February 1946.Legal career
<mask> completed his studies after the war's end, and was admitted to the Victorian Bar in 1949. By the 1960s, he had become one of Australia's leading constitutional and commercial lawyers. He was made a Queen's Counsel in 1966. Judicial career
On 30 June 1970, <mask> was appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria. He held this position until 29 February 1972, relinquishing it to take up his appointment as a Justice of the High Court of Australia. Sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom in 1979 and sat as a member of its Judicial Committee. Although <mask> was appointed to the High Court by a Liberal government, he proved not to be a traditional conservative upholder of states' rights.He joined the "moderate centre" of the court, between the arch-conservatism of Sir Garfield Barwick and the radicalism of Lionel Murphy. In 1982 he was part of the majority that decided on a broad interpretation of the "external affairs power" of the Australian constitution in the Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen case. Governor-General
In March 1982, Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser announced that Queen Elizabeth II had approved his recommendation of <mask> <mask> to succeed Sir Zelman Cowen as Governor-General of Australia. His appointment was praised by both sides of politics. He was sworn in on 29 July 1982, the first former High Court justice to become governor-general since Sir Isaac Isaacs in 1931. When Fraser was defeated by the Labor Party under Bob Hawke in 1983, <mask> had no difficulty working with a Labor government. In 1987, his term was extended by 18 months as a mark of personal respect and also to allow Bill Hayden (to whom Hawke had promised the position) to leave politics at a time of his choosing.<mask> is the only governor-general to have approved two double dissolutions – in 1983 (for Fraser) and 1987 (for Hawke). Later work

In 1989, <mask> became Australia's first Ambassador for the Environment and, in his three-year term, was particularly energetic in working for a ban of mining in Antarctica. In 1991, he undertook a   difficult task when he was appointed chairman of the second strand of the Northern Ireland peace talks. From 1991 to 1995, he was a judge ad hoc of the International Court of Justice in the case East Timor (Portugal v. Australia) 1991–1995. From 1993 to 1997, he was a judge on the international tribunals investigating war crimes in Yugoslavia and Rwanda. He also served as chairman of the Australian Citizenship Council from 1998. In 1994, he acted as a special envoy of the UN Secretary General to resolve political conflicts in Bangladesh.<mask> later moved back into the legal field, becoming president of an arbitral tribunal constituted under Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), charged with the adjudication of an investment dispute between Mondev, a Canadian investor, and the United States. A detailed scholarly biography of <mask>, Fortunate Voyager by Philip Ayres, was released in September 2013. Drawing upon it, Ayres also summarised <mask>'s career for the Victorian Bar News. Honours

<mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) on 20 April 1972 "for distinguished services to the Law", and sworn of the Privy Council in 1979. As governor-general he was made a Knight of the Order of Australia (AK), Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) and Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO). In 1994 Queen Elizabeth II appointed him a Knight of the Order of the Garter (KG), being the most recent Australian to be granted a knighthood in the personal gift of the monarch of Australia. He therefore had the unusual distinction of holding five separate knighthoods and joined Lord Casey and Sir Paul Hasluck as one of the few Australian Knights of the Order of the Garter.In 1983 he was named a Commandeur of the French Légion d'honneur. <mask> delivered the first Sir <mask> <mask> Lecture at the University of Newcastle's law school in 1993, giving his name to this lecture series. Personal life and death
In June 1949, <mask> married Valery Mary Sinclair (4 July 1925 – 3 November 2019) and they had five daughters. <mask> and his wife were patrons of the Australian Inland Botanic Gardens. He died in Melbourne on 29 October 2017, aged 94. A state funeral for <mask> was held on 8 November at St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne. Arms

References

External links

 Supreme Court of Victoria Website
 The Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Centre website
 Obituary by Geoffrey Robertson, The Guardian
 Australian Senate condolences:

1923 births
2017 deaths
Australian Army officers
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Queen's Counsel
British emigrants to Australia
Australian people of Scottish descent
Governors-General of Australia
Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria
Justices of the High Court of Australia
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Australian Knights of the Garter
Australian diplomats
Knights of the Order of Australia
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Melbourne Law School alumni
Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
People educated at Scotch College, Melbourne
People educated at St Paul's School, London
People from South Oxfordshire District
Queen's Counsel 1901–2000
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia judges
People educated at George Watson's College
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
Australian judges of United Nations courts and tribunals

masks:
Ninian Martin Stephen
Stephen
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Ninian
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Stephen


title: Mubarak Wakaso

texts:
<mask> (; born 25 July 1990) is a Ghanaian footballer who plays for Chinese club Shenzhen F.C. and the Ghana national team as a midfielder. He spent the better part of his career in Spain, starting out at Elche in 2008 and going on to also represent Villarreal, Espanyol, Las Palmas, Granada and Alavés. He also competed professionally in Russia, Scotland, Greece and China. <mask> appeared with the Ghana national team at the 2014 World Cup, as well as five Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. Club career

Early years and Spain
Born in Tamale, Northern Region, <mask> began his senior career in Ashanti Gold SC. In 2008, he moved abroad and signed with Elche CF in Spain on a five-year contract, but only joined the club nearly two months later, however, due to international duty.In late January 2011, after several bouts of indiscipline and internal codes violations, <mask> was released by the Valencians. Shortly after, he joined another side in the region and Segunda División, Villarreal CF's B team. On 27 February 2011, <mask> made his La Liga debut, coming on as a substitute for José Catalá in the last minutes of a 2–2 away draw against Racing de Santander. He only played six matches in his first full season, and the Yellow Submarine was also relegated after 12 years in the top flight. <mask> signed for RCD Espanyol on 11 July 2012, penning a four-year contract. He started in 23 of his league appearances for the Catalans in his first and only season. Rubin Kazan
In the last days of the 2013 summer transfer window, <mask> moved to the Russian Premier League with FC Rubin Kazan.On 28 August 2014, he joined Celtic on a season-long loan. <mask> scored on his competitive debut for Celtic, netting the first in a 2–2 away draw against FC Red Bull Salzburg in the UEFA Europa League group stage. On 30 August 2015, after appearing rarely, he was loaned to UD Las Palmas for one year. Panathinaikos
On 10 July 2016, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Super League Greece club Panathinaikos F.C. for an undisclosed fee. On 15 September, in the last minute of a Europa League group phase home fixture against AFC Ajax, he was sent off – as teammate Ivan Ivanov midway through the second half of the eventual 1–2 home loss– and UEFA subsequently suspended him a further two games after his initial ban was over. On 1 February 2017, <mask> was loaned to another Spanish top-flight side, Granada CF.He scored his first goal for them on 1 March, helping to a 2–1 home win over Deportivo Alavés. Alavés
On 17 July 2017, the day after mutually terminating his contract, <mask> signed a three-year deal with Alavés. He scored his only competitive goal for the Basques on 18 May 2019, in a 2–1 home defeat of Girona FC who were relegated as a result. China
<mask> transferred to Chinese Super League side Jiangsu Suning F.C. on 18 January 2020. On 12 April of the following year, he joined Shenzhen F.C. in the same country after the former were dissolved.International career
<mask> represented Ghana at the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Peru, playing two matches in an eventual group stage exit (three draws). He made his full international debut on 13 October 2012, in a 2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Malawi. On 14 November 2012, <mask> scored his first goal in a friendly with Cape Verde. He was picked for the squad that appeared at the 2013 CAN in South Africa, notably netting the game's only goal in a group stage fixture against Mali, through a penalty kick, then scoring both in the 2–0 quarter-final win over Cape Verde. <mask> was selected by manager James Kwesi Appiah for his 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. He made his debut in the tournament on 21 June, playing 22 minutes in a 2–2 draw with Germany. On 5 February 2015, <mask> netted the second goal in Ghana's 3–0 victory against Equatorial Guinea in the semi-finals of the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations to take them to the final.In the decisive match, against the Ivory Coast, he scored his penalty shootout attempt in an eventual 9–8 loss. Personal life
<mask>'s younger brother, Alhassan, is also a footballer and a midfielder. He spent most of his career in Portugal. <mask> is a practicing Muslim. In October 2018, while heading to Bilbao's Loiu airport to travel to Ghana, he was unhurt following a car accident. Career statistics

Club

International

 Ghana score listed first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Honours

Club
Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2014–15
Scottish League Cup: 2014–15

Jiangsu Suning
Chinese Super League: 2020

International
Ghana
Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2015

Individual
Africa Cup of Nations top scorer: 2013 (4 goals)
Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2017

References

External links

Official website

1990 births
Living people
People from Northern Region (Ghana)
Dagomba people
Ghanaian Muslims
Ghanaian footballers
Association football midfielders
Ashanti Gold SC players
La Liga players
Segunda División players
Elche CF players
Villarreal CF B players
Villarreal CF players
RCD Espanyol footballers
UD Las Palmas players
Granada CF footballers
Deportivo Alavés players
Russian Premier League players
FC Rubin Kazan players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Celtic F.C.players
Super League Greece players
Panathinaikos F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
Jiangsu F.C. players
Shenzhen F.C. players
Ghana international footballers
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
2019 Africa Cup of Nations players
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Ghanaian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Expatriate footballers in China
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in China

masks:
Mubarak Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso
Wakaso


title: S. J. Perelman

texts:
<mask> "S.J.<mask> (February 1, 1904 – October 17, 1979) was an American humorist and screenwriter. He is best known for his humorous short pieces written over many years for The New Yorker. He also wrote for several other magazines, including Judge, as well as books, scripts, and screenplays. Perelman received an Academy Award for screenwriting in 1956. Life and career
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, the only son of <mask> and <mask>, who moved from one failed business to another until they found themselves raising chickens on a farm and running a dry-goods store in Providence, Rhode Island. He attended the Candace Street Grammar School and Classical High School in Providence, Rhode Island.He entered Brown University in 1921, where he became editor of the campus humor magazine The Brown Jug in 1924. Perelman dropped out of Brown and moved to Greenwich Village in New York. Perelman wrote many brief, humorous descriptions of his travels for various magazines, and of his travails on his Pennsylvania farm, all of which were collected into books. (A few were illustrated by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, who accompanied Perelman on the round-the-world trip recounted in Westward Ha!.) <mask> is highly regarded for his humorous short pieces that he published in magazines in the 1930s and 1940s, most often in The New Yorker. For these, he is considered the first surrealist humor writer of the United States. In these numerous brief sketches he pioneered a new and unique style, using parody to "wring every drop of false feeling or slovenly thinking."They were infused with a sense of ridicule, irony, and wryness and frequently used his own misadventures as their theme. Perelman chose to describe these pieces as feuilletons — a French literary term meaning "literary or scientific articles; serial stories" (literally "little leaves") — and he defined himself as a feuilletoniste. <mask>'s only attempt at a conventional novel (Parlor, Bedlam and Bath, written in collaboration with Q.J. Reynolds) was unsuccessful, and throughout his life he was resentful that authors who wrote in the full-length form of novels received more literary respect (and financial success) than short-form authors like himself even as he openly admired British humorist P.G. Wodehouse. While many believe Dawn Ginsbergh's Revenge to be a novel, it is actually his first collection of humorous pieces, many written while he was a student at Brown. It is largely considered juvenilia , and its pieces were never included in future Perelman collections.The tone of Perelman's feuilletons was very different from those sketches of the inept "little man" struggling to cope with life that <mask> and other New Yorker writers of the era frequently produced. Yet his references to himself were typically wittily self-deprecatory—as for example, "before they made S.J. Perelman, they broke the mold." Sometimes he gleaned an apparently off-hand phrase from a newspaper article or magazine advertisement and then write a brief, satiric play or sketch inspired by that phrase. A typical example is his 1950s work "No Starch in the Dhoti, S'il Vous Plait." Beginning with an off-hand phrase in a New York Times Magazine article ("...the late Pandit Motilal Nehru—who sent his laundry to Paris—the young <mask>'s British nurse etc. etc....), Perelman composed a series of imaginary letters that might have been exchanged in 1903 between an angry Pandit Nehru in India and a sly Parisian laundryman about the condition of his laundered underwear. In other sketches, Perelman satirized popular magazines or story genres of his day. In "Somewhere a Roscoe," he pokes fun at the "purple prose" writing style of 1930s pulp magazines such as Spicy Detective. In "Swing Out, Sweet Chariot," he examines the silliness of the "jive language" found in The Jitterbug, a teen magazine with stories inspired by the 1930s Swing dance craze. Perelman voraciously read magazines to find new material for his sketches. (He often referred to the magazines as "Sauce for the gander.") Perelman also occasionally used a form of word play that was, apparently, unique to him.He would take a common word or phrase and change its meaning completely within the context of what he was writing, generally in the direction of the ridiculous. In Westward Ha!, for instance, he writes: "The homeward-bound Americans were as merry as grigs (the Southern Railway had considerately furnished a box of grigs for purposes of comparison)". Another classic Perelman pun is "I've got Bright's Disease and he's got mine". He also wrote a notable series of sketches called Cloudland Revisited in which he gives acid (and disillusioned) descriptions of recent viewings of movies (and recent re-readings of novels) that had enthralled him as a youth in Providence, Rhode Island, later as a student at Brown University, and then while a struggling comic artist in Greenwich Village. A number of his works were set in Hollywood and in various places around the world. He stated that as a young man he was heavily influenced by <mask> and Flann O'Brien, particularly his wordplay, obscure words and references, metaphors, irony, parody, paradox, symbols, free associations, clang associations, non-sequiturs, and sense of the ridiculous. All these elements infused Perelman's writings but his style was precise, clear, and the very opposite of Joycean stream of consciousness.Perelman dryly admitted to having been such a Ring Lardner thief that he should have been arrested. Woody Allen has in turn admitted to being influenced by Perelman and recently has written tributes in very much the same style. The two once happened to have dinner at the same restaurant, and when the elder humorist sent his compliments, the younger comedian mistook it for a joke. Authors that admired Perelman's ingenious style included T.S. Eliot and W<mask> Maugham. Frank Muir, a British expert on comic writing, lauded Perelman as the best American comic author of all time in his Oxford Book of Humorous Prose. Humorist Garrison Keillor has declared his admiration for Perelman's writing.Keillor's "<mask>, Arts Administrator" is a parody of Perelman's classic "Farewell, My Lovely Appetizer", itself a parody of the Raymond Chandler school of tough, amorous 'private-eye' crime fiction. Irish comedian and actor Dylan Moran listed Perelman as a major influence in his December 13, 2012 interview on the WTF with Marc Maron podcast (episode 343). Broadway and film
Perelman wrote at least five original plays produced on Broadway from 1932 to 1963, two as collaborators with his wife Laura. The first was the musical revue Walk a Little Faster, which opened in December 1932. With Ogden Nash, he wrote the book for the musical One Touch of Venus (music by Kurt Weill, lyrics by Nash), which opened on Broadway in 1943 and ran for more than 500 performances. His final play The Beauty Part (1962), which starred Bert Lahr in multiple roles, fared less well, its short run attributed in part to the 114-day 1962 New York City newspaper strike. In cinema, Perelman is noted for co-writing scripts for the Marx Brothers films Monkey Business (1931) and Horse Feathers (1932), and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay Around the World in 80 Days (1956).Along with his explicit credits, <mask> and Laura West Perelman worked as contract screenwriters for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and made uncredited contributions for films such as Sweethearts (1938). His official credits include:

 Monkey Business (1931)
 Horse Feathers (1932)
 Hold 'Em Jail (1932)
 Sitting Pretty (1933)
 Paris Interlude (1934)
 Florida Special (1936)
 Early to Bed (1936)
 Ambush (1939)
 Boy Trouble (1939)
 The Golden Fleecing (1940)
 One Touch of Venus (1948)
 Larceny, Inc. (1942) based on the Perelmans' Broadway play The Night Before Christmas
 Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
 Aladdin (1958), produced for television and featuring the final score written by Cole Porter

Personal life
Perelman's personal life was difficult. In 1929 at the age of 25 he married the 18-year-old sister of his school friend Nathanael West, Laura West (née Lorraine Weinstein). The two worked as writing collaborators on the 1935 play All Good Americans, produced on Broadway, and both were signed by Irving Thalberg as contract screenwriters for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer the same year. They remained married until Laura's death in 1970. Perelman did not remarry. The marriage was strained from the start because of his innumerable affairs (notably with Leila Hadley).Perelman reportedly regarded children as a nuisance. His son Adam (born in 1936) committed several robberies in the mid-1950s, was accused of attempted rape, and ended up in a reformatory for wayward boys. The two things that brought Perelman happiness were his MG automobile and a mynah bird, both of which he pampered like babies. His Anglophilia turned rather sour when late in his life he (temporarily) relocated to England. He returned to New York in 1972, having concluded that "English life, while very pleasant, is rather bland. I expected kindness and gentility and I found it, but there is such a thing as too much couth." Perelman had a problematic relationship with Groucho Marx, who once said of the writer, "I hated the son of a bitch, and he had a head as big as my desk."In the later years of Perelman's career, he bristled at being identified as a writer of Marx Brothers material, insisting that his publishers omit any mention of it in publicity material. Cultural influence
Perelman was indirectly responsible for the success of <mask>'s novel Catch-22. When first published, this novel received lukewarm reviews and indifferent sales. A few months later, Perelman was interviewed for a national publication. The interviewer asked Perelman if he had read anything funny lately. Perelman—a man not noted for generosity with his praise—went to considerable lengths to commend Catch-22. After the interview was published, sales of Heller's novel skyrocketed.Perelman picked up plenty of pungent expressions from Yiddish and liberally sprinkled his prose with these phrases, thus paving the way for the likes of Philip Roth. The phrase "crazy like a fox" gained popularity after Perelman used it as a book title in 1944. Bibliography

Books by <mask>. Perelman
Dawn Ginsbergh's Revenge (1929)
Parlor, Bedlam and Bath (with Quentin Reynolds) (1930)
Strictly from Hunger (1937)
Look Who's Talking! (1940)
The Dream Department (1943)
Crazy Like a Fox (1944)
Keep It Crisp (1946)
Acres and Pains (1947)
The Best of S.J. Perelman (1947)
Westward Ha! (1948)
Listen to the Mockingbird (1949)
The Swiss Family Perelman (1950)
A Child's Garden of Curses (UK) (1951)
The Ill-Tempered Clavichord (1952)
Hold that Christmas Tiger (UK) (1954)
Perelman's Home Companion (1955)
The Road to Miltown or Under the Spreading Atrophy (1957)
Bite on the Bullet (UK title for Road to Miltown)(1957)
The Most of S.J.Perelman (collection of re-printed pieces) (1958)
The Rising Gorge (1961)
The Beauty Part (1961)
Chicken Inspector No. 23 (1966)
Baby, It's Cold Inside (1970)
Vinegar Puss (1975)
Eastward Ha! (1977)
The Last Laugh (1981)
That Old Gang o' Mine (1984)
Don't Tread on Me: Selected Letters of <mask>. <mask> (1987)
Conversations with <mask><mask> (1995)
The World of S.J. Perelman (UK reprinted pieces) (2000)
Writings (Library of America)(2021)

Books about S.J. Perelman
 Fowler, Douglas.S.J. Perelman. Twayne Publishers, (1983). Gale, <mask>. <mask>. Perelman A Critical Study. Greenwood Press, (1987). Hermann, Dorothy.<mask><mask> – A Life. G. P. Putnam's Sons, (1986). Lister, Eric. Don't Mention the Marx Brothers: Reminiscences of <mask><mask> (UK)(1985)
 Wilk, Max. And Did You Once See <mask>?A Random Memoir of <mask><mask>. (1986)

Humor pieces

References

External links

 Some information about Perelman
 A vitriolic but amusing review of Perelman's career and alleged demise. "That Old Feeling: Perelmania" — A celebratory essay regarding Perelman
 Encyclopedia Brunoniana entry on Perelman

1904 births
1979 deaths
Jewish American screenwriters
American humorists
American satirists
Brown University alumni
Writers from Brooklyn
American male screenwriters
The New Yorker people
Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners
American male non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
Classical High School alumni
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Sidney Joseph
" Perelman
Perelman
Joseph
Sophie Perelman
Perelman
Perelman
James Thurber
Jawaharlal
James Joyce
. Somerset
Jack Schmidt
Perelman
Joseph Heller
S J
S J
Perelman
S J
. Perelman
Steven H
S J
S J
. Perelman
S J
. Perelman
Sidney Plain
S J
. Perelman


title: George Hedges

texts:
<mask> (February 26, 1952 – March 10, 2009) was a lawyer with a list of celebrity clients including Mel Gibson and David Lynch who gained attention in the field of archaeology for what at the time was thought to be the discovery of the ancient city of Ubar. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on February 26, 1952, and attended the University of Pennsylvania there, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in the classics. After graduating in 1975, he went to Greece to attend the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, where he did a fellowship. Law career
Returning to the United States, he attended the University of Southern California Law School where he earned a degree in law in 1978. He clerked for a judge on the United States District Court for the Central District of California following graduation. Thereafter, he joined the firm of Kaplan, Livingston, Goodwin, Berkowitz & Selwin before going off on his own, establishing the firm of Hedges & Caldwell in 1988. He was hired to join the Quinn Emanuel (now Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan) law firm, as part of its effort to increase its Hollywood presence.An active Hollywood lawyer, <mask> listed one of his favorite cases as one that allowed super-agent Ed Limato, a partner and co-president at International Creative Management, to leave the firm and take clients including Richard Gere, Mel Gibson, Steve Martin and Denzel Washington, despite a non-compete clause that would have prevented him from staying in the business. He obtained a $6.5-million judgment for director David Lynch against CiBy 2000 for an unreleased film. <mask> worked for 20 years on a pro bono basis on behalf of Adam Miranda, who had been given the death sentence after being convicted of two murders. Arguing that a confession to one of the murders had been withheld by the prosecution, the California Supreme Court decided in May 2008 to overturn the death sentence and change it to life in prison. An editorial in the Los Angeles Times credited <mask> for his persistence in finding the evidence that another man had confessed to the murder that had been used to justify the death penalty for Miranda, lamenting the fact that "Most of the 669 people on San Quentin's death row aren't nearly as lucky". Los Angeles named him a "California Super Lawyer" and The Hollywood Reporter selected him for its list of the Top 100 Power Lawyers. Search for Ubar
After a conversation with filmmaker Nicholas Clapp, <mask> learned about the lost city of Ubar, a major hub in the ancient trade of frankincense over 3,000 years ago.Clapp's training in the classics and knowledge of archaeology led him to become involved in the quest to find a place that many had unsuccessfully searched for before and that many thought didn't exist. The two worked together with Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists Ronald Blom and Charles Elachi, who were able to locate NASA photographs that showed traces of trade routes used by caravans in southern Oman. The locations where these routes intersected were identified as locations to be investigated as sites of Ubar. Together with archaeologist Juris Zarins of Southwest Missouri State University, they traveled to Oman and found a site near a present-day settlement of Shisr in the Rub' al Khali in early 1991. Excavating beneath an ancient fort, they found a limestone cavern into which the fort collapsed after an earthquake. Later in 1996 <mask>, along with Juris Zarins and Ronald Blom, founded The Archeology Fund which contains a large quantity of information about the Dhofar region, Trade Routes, and many other related subjects to their work at the Shisr Site. The website comes complete with reference materials from the members and a wealth of photos taken of the Dhofar Region.Zarins later concluded that Shisr did not represent a city called Ubar. In a 1996 interview on the subject of Ubar, he said:

In a more recent paper he suggested that modern Habarut may be the site of Ubar. By 2007, following further research and excavation, their findings could be summarised as follows:

 A long period of widespread trade through the area of Shisr was indicated by artefacts from Persia, Rome, and Greece being found on the site. More recent work in Oman and Yemen indicated that this fortress was the easternmost remains of a series of desert caravanserais that supported incense trade. As far as the legend of Ubar was concerned, there was no evidence that the city had perished in a sandstorm. Much of the fortress had collapsed into a sinkhole that hosted the well, perhaps undermined by ground water being taken to irrigate the surrounding oasis. Rather than being a city, interpretation of the evidence suggested that “Ubar” was more likely to have been a region—the “Land of the Iobaritae” identified by Ptolemy.The decline of the region was probably due to a reduction in the frankincense trade caused by the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity, which did not require incense in the same quantities for its rituals. Also, it became difficult to find local labour to collect the resin. Climatic changes led to desiccation of the area, and sea transport became a more reliable way of transporting goods. The archaeological importance of the site was highlighted by satellite imagery that revealed a network of trails, some of which passed underneath sand dunes 100 m tall, which converged on Shisr. Image analysis showed no further evidence of major undocumented sites in this desert region, which might be considered as alternate locations for the Ubar of legend. Personal life
<mask> died at age 57 on March 10, 2009 due to melanoma, at his home in South Pasadena, California. He was survived by his wife, Christy Shonnard <mask>, and his two sons <mask> <mask> and Duncan Fox <mask>.References

1952 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from melanoma
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Lawyers from Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania alumni
USC Gould School of Law alumni
20th-century American archaeologists
20th-century American lawyers
Historians from California

masks:
George Reynolds Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
George Shonnard
Hedges
Hedges


title: Antonia Pantoja

texts:
<mask> (September 13, 1922 – May 24, 2002), was a Puerto Rican educator, social worker, feminist, civil rights leader and the founder of ASPIRA, the Puerto Rican Forum, Boricua College and Producir. In 1996, she was the first Puerto Rican woman to receive the American Presidential Medal of Freedom. Early years
<mask> was born in Puerta de Tierra, in San Juan, Puerto Rico where she received her primary and secondary education. She was later able to study at the University of Puerto Rico with the financial help given to her by her wealthy neighbors. There she obtained a teacher's certificate in 1942. In 1944 she moved to New York City, where she found a job as a welder in a wartime factory. She subsequently won a scholarship to Hunter College in Manhattan, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1952.She then studied at Columbia University School of Social Work, where she earned her master's degree in 1954. In 1973, she earned her Ph.D. from Union Graduate School (now Union Institute & University) in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1957, <mask> founded the Puerto Rican Forum (originally the Hispanic American Youth Association or HAYA), which served as an incubator for organizations and programs promoting economic self-sufficiency. This organization is now known as the National Puerto Rican Forum and its headquarters are in The Bronx. ASPIRA
In 1961, <mask> also founded ASPIRA (Spanish for "aspire"), a non-profit organization that promoted a positive self-image, commitment to community, and education as a value as part of the ASPIRA Process to Puerto Rican and other Latino youth in New York City. ASPIRA now has offices in six states, Puerto Rico and has its headquarters, the ASPIRA Association, in Washington, D.C.. It has provided approximately 50,000 Latino students with career and college counseling, financial aid and other assistance, and is today one of the largest nonprofit agencies in the Latino community.In 1963 Dr. <mask> directed a project of the Puerto Rican Forum that resulted in the establishment of the Puerto Rican Community Development Project (PRCDP), funded by the federal War on Poverty. Reformation of New York's educational system
In 1964, Dr. <mask> shifted her emphasis from self-help programs to the reformation of the educational system and in 1967 she served on a mayoral committee, convened by the then Mayor of New York City, John Lindsay, that recommended the decentralization of the school system. In 1970, she established the Universidad Boricua, which is now known as Boricua College (with three campuses in NYC) and the Puerto Rican Research and Resources Center in Washington, D.C. In 1973, she earned her Ph.D. from Union Graduate School in Ohio. She joined the faculty of the San Diego State University's School of Social Work in 1978, where she became the Director of the Undergraduate Program in Social Work. Later, she would become the  co-founder of  the Graduate School for Community Development, a private free-standing educational institution. This school taught community development, economic development and leadership skills to people in communities around the United States and Puerto Rico.In 1972, ASPIRA of New York, under the direction of Dr. Mario Anglada and with the support of Dr. <mask>, filed a civil rights lawsuit in the Federal court demanding that New York City provide classroom instruction in transitional Spanish for struggling Latino students. ASPIRA signed a consent decree with the NYC Board of Education in 1974, which is considered a major landmark in the history of bilingual education in the United States. Although Dr. <mask> is credited with bringing this landmark lawsuit, she was actually no longer with ASPIRA at the time and was not directly involved. Awards and recognitions

Among <mask>'s numerous awards and recognitions are the following:

Inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame
The Hispanic Heritage Award
The Julia de Burgos Award of la Casa Cultural of Yale University
A Doctor of Letters Honorary degree from the University of Connecticut
A Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Massachusetts Amherst
A Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Puerto Rico
The Hunter College Professional Achievement Award
The Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York State Board of Regents

In 1996, President Bill Clinton presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the first Puerto Rican woman to receive such this honor. In 2012, she was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people. In 2015, she was named by Equality Forum as one of their 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month. Later years
After 1984, <mask> moved to Puerto Rico for health reasons, where she established Producir, an organization which provides economic assistance to small businesses, and Provivienda, which works to develop housing for the needy.In 1998 she returned to New York, concluding that she was clearly now a Nuyorican, given her negative personal experiences in Puerto Rico. In 2002, <mask> published her autobiography, Memoir of a Visionary: <mask> <mask>. In her memoirs she alluded to being a lesbian and discussed her decision not to go public before then with her sexual orientation. Dr. <mask> <mask> died of cancer in Manhattan, New York on May 24, 2002. She was survived by her longtime partner, Dr. Wilhelmina Perry. Filmmaker Lillian Jimenez of the Latino Educational Media Center in New York City worked on a documentary on the life of Dr. <mask>. Sometime around 2003-2004, a branch of the BPS (Buffalo Public Schools) system, PS 18, was renamed after Pantoja, in Buffalo, New York in 2003-2004.Written works

"Memoir of a Visionary: Antonia Pantoja", Houston: Arte Publico Press, 2002
"Puerto Ricans in New York: A Historical and Community Development Perspective", Centro: Journal, Vol. 2, No. 5, Spring 1989, pp. 21–31
"A Guide for Action in Intergroup Relations", Social Group Work: Selected Papers from the National Conference on Social Welfare, 1961
"A Third World Perspective: A New Paradigm for Social Science Research", Research: A Third World Perspective, Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 1967, pp. 1–17
"Community Development and Restoration: A Perspective and Case Study", Community Organizing in a Diverse Society. Edited by John L. Erlich and Felix G. Rivera. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998., pp.220–242
"Cultural Pluralism, A Goal to be Realized", Voices from the Battlefront: Achieving Cultural Equity. Edited by Marta Moreno Vega and Cheryll Greene. New Jersey: Africa World Press Inc., 1993, pp. 135–48
"Social Work in a Culturally Pluralistic Society: An Alternative Paradigm", Cross-Cultural Perspectives in Social Work Practice. Houston: University of Houston, 1976, pp. 79–95
"The University: An Institution for Community Development", Coming Home: Community-based Education and the Development of Communities. Washington, D.C.: Clearing House for Community-based, Free-standing Educational Institutions, 1979, pp.28–33
"Toward the Development of Theory: Cultural Pluralism Redefined", Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare IV, 1976, pp. 125–46

Notable ASPIRA alumni
Among the ASPIRA of New York's prominent graduates (known as "Aspirantes") are:

Fernando Ferrer, former Bronx president, who ran for NYC Mayor in 2001 and 2005 unsuccessfully;
Angelo Falcón, prominent political scientist and President of the National Institute for Latino Policy (formerly the Institute for Puerto Rican Policy);
Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union;
Ninfa Segarra, former President of the Board of Education of New York, former Deputy Mayor under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, and she is currently a lobbyist with Toñio Burgos & Associates and is President of the National Puerto Rican Coalition in Washington, D.C.;
Aída Álvarez, former director of the Small Business Administration under President Bill Clinton;
Nelson Diaz, first Puerto Rican Solicitor General in Philadelphia;
Jimmy Smits, Puerto Rican actor. Luis Guzmán, character actor
Dr. Isaura Santiago Santiago (Ph.D., Fordham University), first tenured Puerto Rican woman at Columbia University and first Puerto Rican woman president of Hostos Community College of the City University of New York
Digna Sanchez, who led such organizations as the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), MADRE and Learning Leaders in New York City; she also worked at the Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, the United Way of New York City, and the Children's Television Workshop. Amilkar Velez-Lopez, attorney and retired municipal court judge in Newark, NJ. Nilda I. Ruiz Singh, (M.B.A.) President/C.E.O. of Asociacion Puertorriquenos en Marcha, Inc.(APM)

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

External links
Our Founder Dr. Antonia Pantoja at ASPIRA
Women Make Movies Documentary

1922 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American educators
LGBT people from Puerto Rico
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican feminists
Hunter College alumni
Columbia University School of Social Work alumni
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Antonia Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Antonia
Pantoja
Antonia
Pantoja
Pantoja


title: David S. Oderberg

texts:
Professor <mask> (born 1963) is an Australian philosopher of metaphysics and ethics based in Britain since 1987. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reading. He describes himself as a non-consequentialist or a traditionalist in his works. Broadly speaking, <mask> places himself in opposition to <mask> and other utilitarian or consequentialist thinkers. He has published over thirty academic papers and has authored four books, Real Essentialism, Applied Ethics, Moral Theory, and The Metaphysics of Identity over Time. Professor <mask> is an alumnus of the Universities of Melbourne, where he completed his first degrees, and Oxford where he gained his D.Phil. He was appointed editor of Ratio, the philosophical quarterly, in late 2012.Applied Ethics
Applied Ethics, which was first published in 2000, has become one of the most important of <mask>'s works. <mask> applies his classical viewpoint to some controversial ethical issues: abortion, euthanasia, animal rights, capital punishment and the just war theory. <mask> provides a detailed defence of the view that abortion is morally wrong because the fetus is an innocent life, and intentionally taking an innocent life is always morally wrong. He aims to refute views like those of <mask>, who suggests that we deny that it is always wrong to intentionally kill innocent human beings. <mask> compares legalised abortion to contract killing, arguing that the state has no more right to legalise and regulate abortion on the ground that this would take it out of the 'back street,' than it does to legalise and regulate contract killing on the same ground. On the subject of euthanasia, he argues that it too is immoral, because, like abortion, it involves the intentional killing of an innocent human being. Voluntary euthanasia is no more justifiable than involuntary, since a person has no absolute right to do whatever they want with their body.Furthermore, he believes the current scientific definition of brain death is unsatisfactory both on metaphysical grounds and from an ethical point of view. <mask>'s position on animal rights is similar to that of Aquinas – rejecting in principle the idea that humans have duties to animals because they are not moral agents, he nonetheless believes that humans still have duties in respect of them to treat them kindly. On the death penalty, <mask> supports the state's right to enforce capital punishment, because justice must be retributive and death, being the worst punishment, is the suitable punishment for the worst crime – e.g. murder. <mask> supports just war theory, and believes that civilians who do not contribute to the war effort should not be targeted. In virtue of this, he regards the use of atomic warfare in World War II to have been a seriously immoral act. He also regards contraception as immoral, and exhorts 'pro-lifers' like himself to engage in 'campaigning, protesting, writing, or whatever it is that we do best in defending the pro-life cause.'Books
 Opting Out: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2018; 158pp.) Real Essentialism (London: Routledge, 2007; paperback 2009)
 Applied Ethics: A Non-Consequentialist Approach (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000; 248pp.) Moral Theory: A Non-Consequentialist Approach (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000; 197pp.) Form and Matter: Themes in Contemporary Metaphysics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999; 132pp.) The Metaphysics of Identity over Time (London/New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1993; 228 pp.) (UK);  (USA)

Articles
 'The Morality of Reputation and the Judgment of Others', Journal of Practical Ethics 1 (2013): 3–33
 'Synthetic Life and the Bruteness of Immanent Causation', in E. Feser (ed.) Aristotle on Method and Metaphysics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013): 206–35.'Natural Law and Rights Theory', in G. Gaus and F. D'Agostino (eds) The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy (London: Routledge, 2013): 375–86. 'Survivalism, Corruptionism, and Mereology', European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4 (2012): 1–26. 'Hume, the Occult, and the Substance of the School', Metaphysica 13 (2012): 155–74. 'No Potency without Actuality: The Case of Graph Theory', in Tuomas E. Tahko (ed.) Contemporary Aristotelian Metaphysics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012): 207–28. 'Graph Structuralism and its Discontents: Rejoinder to Shackel', Analysis 72 (2012): 94–8. 'Disembodied Communication and Religious Experience: The Online Model', Philosophy and Technology 25 (2012): 381–97.'Essence and Properties', Erkenntnis 75 (2011): 85–111. 'Morality, Religion, and Cosmic Justice', Philosophical Investigations 34 (2011): 189–213. (Invited contribution to special issue on the theme 'Ethics and Religion'.) 'The World is not an Asymmetric Graph', Analysis 71 (2011): 3–10. 'The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Law', in H. Zaborowski (ed.) Natural Moral Law in Contemporary Society (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2010): 44–75. 'The Doctrine of Double Effect', in T. O'Connor and C<mask> (eds) A Companion to the Philosophy of Action (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010): 324–30.‘"Whatever is Changing is Being Changed by Something Else": A Reappraisal of Premise One of the First Way', in J. Cottingham and P. Hacker (eds) Mind, Method and Morality: Essays in Honour of Anthony Kenny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010): 140–64. 'Persistence', in J. Kim, E<mask>, and G. Rosenkrantz (eds) A Companion to Metaphysics, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009): 55–65. 'The Non-Identity of the Categorical and the Dispositional', Analysis 69 (2009): 677–84. 'The Metaphysical Status of the Embryo: Some Arguments Revisited', Journal of Applied Philosophy 25 (2008): 263–76. 'Concepts, Dualism, and the Human Intellect', in A. Antonietti, A. Corradini, and E.J. Lowe (eds) Psycho-Physical Dualism Today: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/Rowman and Littlefied, 2008): 211–33.'Self-Love, Love of Neighbour, and Impartiality', in N. Athanassoulis and S. Vice (eds), The Moral Life: Essays in Honour of John Cottingham (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008): 58–84. 'Teleology: Inorganic and Organic', in A.M. González (ed. ), Contemporary Perspectives on Natural Law (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008): 259–79. 'The Cosmological Argument', in C. Meister and P. Copan (eds) The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion (London: Routledge, 2007): 341–50. 'Instantaneous Change without Instants', in C. Paterson and M.S. Pugh (eds) Analytical Thomism: Traditions in Dialogue (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006): 101–18. (with J.A.Laing) 'Artificial Reproduction, the "Welfare Principle", and the Common Good', Medical Law Review 13 (2005): 328–56. 'Towards a Natural Law Critique of Genetic Engineering', in N. Athanassoulis (ed.) Philosophical Reflections on Medical Ethics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005): 109–134. 'Hylemorphic Dualism', in E.F. Paul, F.D. Miller, and J. Paul (eds) Personal Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005): 70–99. (Originally in Social Philosophy and Policy 22 (2005): 70–99.) 'Predicate Logic and Bare Particulars', in D.S.<mask> (ed.) The Old New Logic: Essays on the Philosophy of <mask> (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005): 183–210. 'The Structure and Content of the Good', in D.S<mask> and T. Chappell (eds) Human Values: New Essays on Ethics and Natural Law (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004; rev. ed. p/back 2007): 127–65. 'The Beginning of Existence', International Philosophical Quarterly 43 (2003): 145–57.'Temporal Parts and the Possibility of Change', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 69 (2004): 686–708. 'The Ethics of Co-operation in Wrongdoing', in A. O'Hear (ed.) Modern Moral Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004; Royal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series 2002-3): 203–27. (abstract; full text)
 'Intelligibility and Intensionality', Acta Analytica 17 (2002) 171-8. 'The Tristram Shandy Paradox: A Reply to Graham Oppy', Philosophia Christi 4 (2002): 353–6. 'Traversal of the Infinite, the “Big Bang” and the Kalam Cosmological Argument', Philosophia Christi 4 (2002): 305–34. 'Hylomorphism and Individuation', in J. Haldane (ed.)Mind, Metaphysics, and Value in the Thomistic and Analytical Traditions (University of Notre Dame Press, 2002: 125–42). 'How to Win Essence Back from Essentialists', Philosophical Writings (No. 18, Autumn 2001): 27–45. 'The Kalam Cosmological Argument Neither Bloodied nor Bowed: A Response to Graham Oppy', Philosophia Christi 3 (2001): 193–6. 'Is There a Right to be Wrong? ', Philosophy 75 (2000): 517–37. 'On the Cardinality of the Cardinal Virtues', International Journal of Philosophical Studies 7 (1999): 305–22.'Adolf Grünbaum and the Beginning of the Universe', Philosophia Naturalis 36 (1999): 187–94. 'Analytická morálna filozofia v20.storocí' (Analytical Moral Philosophy in the 20th Century), in V. Gluchman & M. Dokulil (eds. ), Súcasné Etické Teórie (Contemporary Ethical Theories) (Presov, Slovakia, 1998): 9–23. 'On an Alleged Fallacy in Aristotle', Philosophical Papers 27 (1998): 107–18. 'Modal Properties, Moral Status and Identity', Philosophy and Public Affairs 26 (1997): 259–98. 'Voluntary Euthanasia and Justice', in D.S<mask> and J.A.Laing (eds.) Human Lives: Critical Essays on Consequentialist Bioethics (London: Macmillan, 1997): 225–40. 'Coincidence under a Sortal', The Philosophical Review 105 (1996): 145–71. 'A Paradox about Authority', Analysis 51 (1991): 153–160. 'Some Problems of Identity over Time', Cogito 5 (1991): 14–20. 'Reply to Sprigge on Personal and Impersonal Identity', Mind 98 (1989): 129–34. 'Johnston on Human Beings', The Journal of Philosophy 86 (1989): 137–41.'Kripke and "Quus" ', Theoria 53 (1987): 115–20. 'Perceptual Relativism', Philosophia 16 (1986): 1–9. References

External links
 <mask><mask>'s personal website

Academics of the University of Reading
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Australian philosophers
British philosophers
Moral philosophers
Living people
University of Melbourne alumni
1963 births

masks:
David Simon Oderberg
Oderberg
Peter Singer
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
Peter Singer
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
. Sandis
. Sosa
Oderberg
Fred Sommers
. Oderberg
. Oderberg
David S
. Oderberg


title: Larry Fitzgerald

texts:
<mask>. (born August 31, 1983) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Pittsburgh, and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals with the third overall pick in the 2004 NFL Draft, where he then played for 17 seasons. He is widely considered by fans, coaches and peers to be one of the greatest receivers in NFL history. <mask> has been selected for the Pro Bowl eleven times. He was named First-team All-Pro in 2008 and Second-team All-Pro twice in 2009 and 2011. He is second in NFL career receiving yards, second in career receptions, and sixth in receiving touchdowns. <mask> became a minority owner of the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association in 2020.On February 16, 2022, despite not officially stating that he was retiring, <mask> admitted he was not planning on returning to play in the NFL. Early years
As a teenager, <mask> worked as a ball boy for the Minnesota Vikings under coach Dennis Green. "You know just being around your childhood idols," <mask> said in a 2015 interview. "Coach Green gave me an opportunity of a lifetime to be around Cris Carter, Warren Moon, Joey Browner, Randy Moss, and Robert Smith. I can go on and on. To see their work ethic and dedication to their craft, that was really an eye-opening experience for a 14-year-old, 15-year-old. It was like on-the-job training almost."<mask> attended and played high school football at the Academy of Holy Angels in Richfield, Minnesota. While there, he was a two-time First-Team All-State wide receiver. <mask> did not meet NCAA requirements to play football as a freshman, so he spent a year at Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania. College career

<mask> attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played for the Pittsburgh Panthers football team under head coach Walt Harris. He was widely considered one of the best wide receivers in college football from 2002 to 2003. 2002 season

In his freshman season, <mask> was an instant contributor. In the second game of the season against #20 Texas A&M, he had ten receptions for 103 yards in the 14–12 loss.Three weeks later, against Toledo, he had six receptions for 121 yards and his first two collegiate touchdowns in the 37–19 victory. On November 2, <mask> had another stellar outing against #3 Virginia Tech with five receptions for 105 yards and three touchdowns in the 28–21 victory. In the last regular season game on November 30, he had 11 receptions for 159 yards and two touchdowns against #24 West Virginia in the 24–17 loss. Pitt finished with an 8–4 record and qualified for a bowl game. In the 2002 Insight Bowl, <mask> had five receptions for 88 yards and a touchdown in the 38–13 victory over Oregon State. Overall, in the 2002 season, <mask> had a Big-East conference leading 69 receptions for 1,005 yards and twelve touchdowns. 2003 season

<mask> had a stellar sophomore season in 2003.He began the campaign against Kent State with six receptions for 123 yards and three touchdowns in the 43–3 victory. In the next game against Ball State, he had seven receptions for 124 yards and two touchdowns in the 42–21 victory. <mask> once again put out a great effort in the following game against Toledo with 12 receptions for 201 yards and a touchdown in the 35–31 loss. In the next game against Texas A&M, <mask> had his fourth consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards with seven receptions for 135 yards and three touchdowns in the 37–26 victory. Two weeks later, against Notre Dame, he was held under 100 yards for the first time but still had five receptions for 79 yards and two touchdowns in the 20–14 loss. <mask> bounced back in the next game against Rutgers with eight receptions for a season-high 207 yards and two touchdowns in the 42–32 victory. <mask>'s hot streak continued in the next game against Syracuse, where he had eight receptions for 149 yards and two touchdowns in the 34–14 victory.<mask>'s performance against the Orange was his fourth consecutive game with at least two touchdowns. <mask> started the month of November with seven receptions for 156 yards and a touchdown in a 24–13 victory over Boston College. In the following week against #5 Virginia Tech, he had eight receptions for 108 yards and a touchdown in the 31–28 upset victory. <mask> added another great performance against West Virginia in the following week with nine receptions for 185 yards and two touchdowns in the 52–31 loss. In the following week against Temple, he had seven receptions for 102 yards and two touchdowns as the Panthers won 30–16. <mask>'s performance against the Owls was his sixth consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards. <mask>'s impressive streak ended the following week against #10 Miami with three receptions for 26 yards and a touchdown in the 28–14 loss.Despite having a season-low in yardage, <mask> ended up recording his 12th consecutive game with at least one touchdown reception in the 2003 season, and 18th straight game with a touchdown reception dating back to the previous season. Pitt finished with an 8–4 record in the regular season and qualified for a bowl game. In the 2003 Continental Tire Bowl, <mask> had five receptions for 77 yards against Virginia in the final game of his collegiate career, a 23–16 loss. He was held without a touchdown for the first time in 18 collegiate games. Overall, <mask> led the Big East conference with 92 receptions for 1,672 yards and an NCAA-leading 22 touchdowns in the 2003 season. After his sophomore season, <mask> was recognized as the best player in the NCAA with the 2003 Walter Camp Award and the Touchdown Club of Columbus's Chic Harley Award, and as the best wide receiver in college football with the 2003 Biletnikoff Award and the Touchdown Club's Paul Warfield Award. He was a unanimous 2003 All-America selection and a runner-up for the prestigious Heisman Trophy, given to the most outstanding player in college football; Oklahoma's Jason White won the award that year with 1,481 total points to <mask>'s 1,353.In just 26 games in his collegiate career, <mask> caught 161 passes for 2,677 yards and set a new Pitt record with 34 receiving touchdowns. He was the first player in school history with back-to-back 1,000-yard receiving seasons, and his 14 games with at least 100 yards receiving broke Antonio Bryant's previous all-time Panthers record of 13. <mask>'s 18 straight games with at least one touchdown reception is an NCAA record. Legacy
On July 1, 2013, <mask>'s #1 jersey was retired by the University of Pittsburgh. <mask> was the ninth Pittsburgh player to receive this honor. College statistics

Professional career

Although <mask> had played at Pitt for only two years without redshirting, he petitioned the NFL to allow him to enter the 2004 NFL Draft, as he had left his high school, Academy of Holy Angels, during his senior year to attend Valley Forge Military Academy. The NFL granted an exception to allow <mask> to enter the draft, as <mask> had convinced the NFL that the time he spent at VFMA, combined with his time at Pitt, was the minimum three years removed from high school to make him eligible for the draft.Although former Ohio State running back Maurice Clarett was suing the NFL at the time to overturn the rule (a case Clarett initially won, but it was later overturned on appeal), the NFL considered <mask>'s case separate from Clarett's. After his tremendous sophomore year, <mask> was drafted third overall in the 2004 NFL Draft by the Arizona Cardinals, whose then coach, Dennis Green, knew <mask> from his time as a Vikings ball boy. He was the first wide receiver to be selected in the 2004 NFL Draft. In addition, he was the first of six Pitt Panthers to be selected that year. 2004 season: Rookie year

<mask> made his NFL debut against the St. Louis Rams in the season opener on September 12. In the 17–10 loss, he had four receptions for 70 yards. In the fifth game of the season on October 10, he had his first career touchdown reception, a 24-yard pass from Josh McCown, against the San Francisco 49ers.On December 19, against the St. Louis Rams, <mask> became the youngest player at 21 years and 110 days, to record at least two touchdown receptions in a single game. His record has since been broken by Aaron Hernandez of the New England Patriots in 2010 and Mike Evans of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2014. He followed up his historic performance in the next game in Week 16 against the Seattle Seahawks, in which he had four receptions for 70 yards and two touchdowns in the 24–21 loss. <mask> finished his rookie year with 59 receptions for 780 yards and eight touchdowns as the Cardinals missed the playoffs with a 6–10 record. 2005 season

<mask> started his second NFL season catching 13 receptions for a former career-high 155 yards and a touchdown in a 42–19 loss to the New York Giants in the season opener on September 11. Three weeks later, he had seven receptions for 102 yards against the San Francisco 49ers in a 31–14 victory. Against the Carolina Panthers in the next game, he had nine receptions for 136 yards and a touchdown in a 24–20 loss.On November 13, in the ninth game of the season, <mask> had eight receptions for 102 yards in a 33–19 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. In the next game against the Detroit Lions, he had nine receptions for 141 yards and a touchdown in the 29–19 loss. He posted his third consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards in the next game against the St. Louis Rams with nine receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown in the 38–28 victory. <mask> started the month of December with eight receptions for 129 yards in a 17–10 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. <mask> closed out the regular season with a touchdown catch in each of the last three games against the Houston Texans, Philadelphia Eagles, and Indianapolis Colts. <mask> and the Cardinals missed the playoffs with a 6–10 record. In 2005, <mask> led the NFL with 103 receptions for 1,409 yards, which ranked fourth in the NFL, and ten touchdowns, which ranked fifth in the NFL.He was named to his first Pro Bowl. <mask> teamed with Anquan Boldin to create one of the most productive wide receiver tandems in the NFL. In 2005, <mask> and Boldin became only the second tandem from the same team, the first tandem being Herman Moore and Brett Perriman of the Detroit Lions in 1995, to each catch over 100 passes and top the 1,400-yard mark. 2006 season

<mask> started his third NFL season with nine receptions for 133 yards in a 34–27 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. He had his first touchdown of the season in Week 3 16–14 loss to the St. Louis Rams. He sustained a hamstring injury and missed three games. He returned against the Dallas Cowboys on November 12 in a 27–10 defeat.Two weeks later, he had 11 receptions for a career-high 172 yards against the Minnesota Vikings in a 31–26 loss. He closed out the 2006 season with four receiving touchdowns in the last five games. Overall, <mask> finished the 2006 season with 69 receptions for 946 yards and six touchdowns as the Cardinals finished the year with a 5–11 record. 2007 season

<mask> started the 2007 season with a slow performance against the San Francisco 49ers, where he had only three receptions for 20 yards in a narrow 20–17 loss. Three games later, he had ten receptions for 120 yards against the Pittsburgh Steelers in a 21–14 victory. In the next game, he had his first touchdown of the season against the St. Louis Rams in a nine-catch, 136-yard performance in the 34–31 victory. On November 11, he had eight receptions for 74 yards and two touchdowns against the Detroit Lions in a 31–21 victory.Two weeks later, he had nine receptions for 156 yards and two touchdowns against the San Francisco 49ers in the 37–31 loss. In the regular season finale against the Rams, he had 11 receptions for 171 yards and two touchdowns in a 48–19 victory. <mask> and the Cardinals finished with an 8–8 record. As part of his Pro Bowl season, <mask> caught 100 passes for 1,409 yards and 10 touchdowns. Following the 2007 season, he signed a four-year, $40 million contract extension with Arizona. While still under contract at the time, performance bonuses forced the team's hand into a massive extension. <mask>'s numbers earned him the nickname "Sticky Fingers" and "The Best Hands in the NFL" in local media.2008 season

The 2008 season marked a huge year for <mask> in terms of individual accomplishment and team success. In the season opener against the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> caught a one-yard receiving touchdown in the 23–13 victory. In the second game of the season, he had six receptions for 153 yards against the Miami Dolphins in a 31–10 victory. He followed that up with seven receptions for 109 yards against the Washington Redskins in the next game, a 24–17 loss. He posted his third consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards in the next game against the New York Jets with 122 receiving yards on eight receptions a 56–35 loss. In the next game, he was held to only 52 yards, but had two receiving touchdowns in a 41–17 victory over the Buffalo Bills. On November 16, <mask> had ten receptions for 151 yards against the Seattle Seahawks in a 26–20 Week 11 victory.On November 27, he had his second multi-touchdown game of the season, this time in a 65-yard performance against the Philadelphia Eagles in a 48–20 loss. <mask> finished the regular season strong with three receptions for 101 yards including a 76-yard touchdown against the New England Patriots in a 47–7 loss, and five receptions for 130 yards and two touchdowns against the Seattle Seahawks in a 34–21 victory in the regular season finale. <mask> finished the regular season with 96 receptions for 1,431 yards and a league-leading 12 touchdowns. For the first time in his career, the Cardinals finished with a winning record at 9–7 and made the playoffs. In his playoff debut, <mask> had six receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown in a 30–24 victory over the Atlanta Falcons in the Wild Card Round. In the Divisional Round against the Carolina Panthers, he had eight receptions for 166 yards in the 33–13 victory. During the NFC Championship for the 2008 NFL season, <mask> tied an NFL record with three touchdown receptions in a playoff game.His three touchdown catches occurred in the first half; he became the first player in NFL history to accomplish that feat in a conference championship game. As a result of the 32–25 victory over the Eagles, <mask> and the Cardinals represented the NFC in Super Bowl XLIII. During Super Bowl XLIII, <mask> caught two touchdown passes in the game. Late in the fourth quarter, <mask> had a 64-yard touchdown reception from Kurt Warner to go ahead 23–20, but the score did not hold as the Pittsburgh Steelers scored a touchdown with only 35 seconds remaining to go ahead 27–23, which was the game's final score. <mask> set a single postseason record with 546 receiving yards, 30 receptions, and seven touchdown receptions, surpassing Jerry Rice's records of the 1988–89 NFL playoffs. <mask> followed up his great 2008 season by catching two more touchdown passes in the 2009 Pro Bowl, earning him MVP honors. After the Pro Bowl was over, it was revealed that <mask> had been playing at least the whole postseason with a broken left thumb as well as torn cartilage in the same hand.It is speculated that <mask> has had this injury since November 5, 2008, when he showed up on the injury report with an injured thumb. After his record-breaking postseason, capped by his Pro Bowl MVP award, many analysts, including NFL Network's Jamie Dukes, regarded <mask> as one of the best receivers in the NFL. He was named as a First-Team All Pro for the 2008 season. 2009 season

<mask> started the 2009 season with six receptions for 71 yards against the San Francisco 49ers in a 20–16 loss. In the fourth game of the season, he had five receptions for 79 yards and two touchdowns in a 28–21 victory over the Houston Texans. The following week, he had 13 receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown in a 27–3 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. On November 8 against the Chicago Bears, he had nine receptions for 123 yards and two touchdowns in a 41–21 victory.On December 6, he had eight receptions for 143 yards and a touchdown in a 30–17 victory the Minnesota Vikings. He finished out the 2009 regular season with a receiving touchdown in the last three games. Overall, he had 97 receptions for 1,092 yards and a league-leading 13 touchdowns as the Cardinals went 10–6 and returned to the playoffs. In the Wild Card Round, he had six receptions for 82 receiving yards and two touchdown receptions against the Green Bay Packers in a 51–45 win. However, the Cardinals were eliminated the next week by the eventual Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints by a score of 45–14 in the Divisional Round. He was named to his third consecutive and fourth career Pro Bowl for his efforts in 2009. 2010 season

<mask> started the 2010 season recording a 21-yard receiving touchdown in the fourth quarter against the St. Louis Rams in a 17–13 victory.On October 31, in Week 8, he had six receptions for 72 yards and two touchdowns against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in a 38–35 loss. In the next game, he recorded 107 yards on seven receptions against the Minnesota Vikings in a 27–24 loss. On December 19, against the Carolina Panthers, he had nine receptions for 125 yards in a 19–12 loss in Week 15. In the regular season finale against the San Francisco 49ers, he had his best performance of the season with 11 receptions for 125 yards and a touchdown in a 38–7 loss. <mask> and the Cardinals failed to return to the playoffs with a 5–11 record. Overall, in the 2010 season, <mask> recorded 90 receptions, which ranked fifth in the NFL, for 1,137 yards and six touchdowns. After the season, he was named to his fifth Pro Bowl, and his fourth in a row.He finished ranked as the 14th best player in the league among his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011. 2011 season

On August 20, 2011, <mask> signed an 8-year, $120 million contract with the Cardinals, tying him with Richard Seymour as the fifth highest

masks:
Larry Darnell Fitzgerald Jr
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