title: Guillermo Francella

texts:
<mask> (born February 14, 1955) is an argentine actor and comedian. Besides a long history of working as a television leading man, he also has a varied theatrical and film career. <mask> is widely regarded by experts and critics of performance as one of the most influential and popular actors of his country. Biography
<mask> is the second of two brothers children of <mask>, a bank employee, gym teacher and weightlifting coach at Racing Club and Adelina Redondo. He spent his first two years of life in Villa del Parque, Buenos Aires, Argentina and later the family moved to Beccar, a northern neighborhood of Greater Buenos Aires where <mask> lived the rest of his childhood. The house was located next to that of his paternal grandparents, Domenico and Zaída; his grandfather was an Italian immigrant in Argentina who had arrived in Argentina from Falconara Albanese, Calabria and whose original last name was Frangella. He attended and received a bachelor's degree from the Institute June 20 of San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina in 1972.Later, although he wanted to study theater, he continued studying journalism. He got a journalist's degree after studying three years and later started working for the magazine Gente, where he served as a journalist for three months before being fired. He also worked as clothing seller in a store, as an insurance salesman and as a member of a real estate company with his uncle. His father died when Francella was twenty-six years old, which was "a very strong blow" to his family. <mask> is a catholic. Career
His first approach to acting was after finishing high school when he made a play with some classmates, the comedy Charlatanes by Julio F. Escobar. In the early 1980s he acted in a commercial for Cinzano.He debuted on television in 1980, with Los hnos. Torterolo and then was part of Historia de un trepador. In 1985 he filmed his first film, El telo y la tele, also participated as an extra in the film Los caballeros de la cama redonda starring Alberto Olmedo. He participated in other television series of the 1980s, such as El infiel, playing the role of Felipe for a year. In 1986, he filmed three films, Camarero nocturno en Mar del Plata and Las colegialas. He also acted in television series, such as El lobo and Juegos prohibidos. His career as a television and film actor continued during the following years with films such as Los pilotos más locos del mundo, Paraíso relax and Bañeros II, la playa loca, which had its third part in 2006.His first big hit on television was telecomedy De carne somos, broadcast by Canal 13 in 1988. After this strip he starred in Dalo por hecho, broadcast by Canal 13, playing an Argentine chanta (a scammer). <mask> also made two TV series that were very popular at the time, La familia Benvenuto and Un hermano es un hermano, with Javier Portales. In 1989 he starred in one of his greatest successes on film, the action comedy Los extermineitors, which worked mainly as a spoof on the action films of the 1980s. The following year, he filmed Extermineitors II, la venganza del dragón, the sequel and second part of the "Extermineitors saga" of comedy films; that same saga eventually became spawned into the 1992 action-comedy series Brigada Cola, an Extermineitors spinoff where <mask> played the protagonist, Francachella. Brigada Cola was a big rating success that even became a short-lived theater version of the show with the same cast. During the early 1990s, <mask> starred in two more sequels for Los extermineitors, with the saga coming to an end with the fourth part in the southern summer of 1992.When he returned to work on TV his fame had grown exponentially, even internationally, which is why his next series, Naranja y media was translated into English and broadcast in several countries under the title My Better Halves. His next movie, Un Argentino en New York, was filmed in Spain and United States; starring alongside the Uruguayan actress/singer Natalia Oreiro, it became one of the greatest Argentine cinema hits. 1999 came with a new challenge as an actor, the series Trillizos, dijo la partera with the actress Laura Novoa. On this occasion, he had to play three Buenos Aires brothers, Luigi, Marcelo and Enzo, that integrated a classic family of Italian roots, but in turn, each with a different personality that characterized them. In 2000 he filmed Papá es un ídolo it was translated in English with the name of Daddy is My Idol in this movie Manuel Bandera and Millie Stegman. He returned to television in 2001, in one of the most definitive roles of his career, in the comic program Poné a Francella, where he took part in several sketches next to his cast. He had two seasons and aired until December 2002.There he shared the cast with Gabriel Goity, Alberto Fernández de Rosa, Roberto Carnaghi, Florencia Peña, Andrea Frigerio, Mariana Briski, Manuel Wirtz, René Bertrand, Toti Ciliberto and Cecilia Milone and with newly emerged models such as Pamela David, Luciana Salazar and Julieta Prandi. The repetitions were broadcast until 2006 during the weekends in Argentina, while in other countries of Latin America and United States it was televised until the end of 2004. In 2003, he filmed in Cuba, Un día en el paraíso, movie in which <mask> played two characters, Reynaldo and Roy. That year he starred in the unit comedy, Durmiendo con mi jefe, with Luis Brandoni broadcast by Canal 13. His next movie, Papá se volvió loco, was released in 2005 and became a hit in theaters. From 2005 to 2006 he starred in the series Casados con Hijos, an Argentine remake of Married... with Children, playing the role of José "Pepe" Argento. For that role, in the first season, Asociación de Periodistas de la Televisión y la Radiofonía Argentinas awarded the Martín Fierro Award to the "Best Leading Actor in Comedy", and in the second season, he was nominated again but lost to Facundo Arana.During these two years, he starred with Enrique Pinti at the Lola Membrives theater in Buenos Aires and then at the Auditorium Mar del Plata the musical comedy The Producers, a great success with both the public and critics. It was <mask>'s debut in the musical genre. In 2007 he starred in a new comic film, Incorregibles, together with comedian Dady Brieva and model Gisela Van Lacke. The film was a box-office success, but received negative reviews by the critics. In 2008, he made a special participation in the final chapter of the soap opera Vidas robadas which won the Martín Fierro de Oro Award 2008. At the end of the year, he traveled to Mexico to star Rudo y Cursi along with the Mexican actors Gael García Bernal and Diego Luna. In 2009, he starred alongside Ricardo Darín and Soledad Villamil in El secreto de sus ojos which sold approximately two million tickets and became the most watched movie of the year, as well as the second most successful national film of all time in its country.The movie won an Oscar for the best non-English speaking film. In 2011, he returned to the small screen with the TV comedy El hombre de tu vida, where he played the role of Hugo, a man affected by a midlife crisis who decides to work professionally as a gigolo. In addition, along with Arturo Puig, he starred in the Ana Katz comedy film Los Marziano. In 2012 saw the premiere of the comedy film ¡Atraco!, starring <mask> alongside Nicolás Cabré and Amaia Salamanca under the direction of Eduard Cortés, playing a fictional Peronist named Merello. In addition, he had a small role in the film El vagoneta en el mundo del cine. In 2013, he starred in the Marcos Carnevale romantic film, Corazón de León, where he played León Godoy, a short-stature man who falls in love with Ivana Cornejo (Julieta Díaz) a divorced lawyer. For this interpretation he received his second nomination for Silver Condor Award, this time as Best Actor.In 2014, he starred with Inés Estévez and Alejandro Awada in the comedy-drama El misterio de la felicidad, directed by Daniel Burman. <mask> plays the role of a man looking for his missing friend while falling in love with his friend's wife. In addition, <mask> returned to the theater and starring along Adrián Suar in Dos pícaros sinvergüenzas, where he plays Lawrence Williams, a man who scams women together with his partner. In 2015 he starred in The Clan, a crime thriller-historical film about the murders committed by the "Clan Puccio" in the early 1980s; <mask> starred in the role of Arquimedes Puccio together with Peter Lanzani in the role of Alejandro Puccio, and directed by Pablo Trapero. The film was a box-office success and received an overall positive response by the critics. Personal life
Since 1989 he is married to Marynés Breña, with whom he has two children, Nicolás <mask> (born on October 22, 1990) and <mask> (born on December 4, 1993). Filmography

Film

Television

Theater

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1955 births
Living people
Argentine male stage actors
Argentine male film actors
Argentine television personalities
Argentine people of Calabrian descent
Male actors from Buenos Aires
Argentine comedians

masks:
Guillermo Héctor Francella
Francella
Guillermo Francella
Ricardo Héctor Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Guillermo Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Francella
Johanna Francella


title: Nadifa Mohamed

type: original

texts:
<mask>  (, ) is a Somali-British novelist. She featured on Granta magazine's list "Best of Young British Novelists" in 2013, and in 2014 on the Africa39 list of writers aged under 40 with potential and talent to define future trends in African literature. Her 2021 novel, The Fortune Men, was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize, making her the first British Somali novelist to get this honour. She has also written short stories, essays, memoirs and articles in outlets including The Guardian, and contributed poetry to the anthology New Daughters of Africa (ed. Margaret Busby, 2019). She was also a lecturer in Creative Writing in the Department of English at Royal Holloway, University of London until 2021. She will be Distinguished Writer in Residence at New York University in Spring 2022.Personal life
<mask> was born in 1981 in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Her father was a sailor in the merchant navy and her mother was a local landlady. In 1986, she moved with her family to London for what was intended to be a temporary stay. However, the civil war broke out shortly afterwards in Somalia, so they remained in the UK. <mask> later attended the University of Oxford, where she studied history and politics. In 2008, she visited Hargeisa for the first time in more than a decade. <mask> resides in London.Literary career
<mask>'s first novel, Black Mamba Boy (2010), described in The Guardian as "a significant, affecting book of the dispossessed", is a semi-biographical account of her father's life in Yemen in the 1930s and '40s, during the colonial period. She has said that "the novel grew out of a desire to learn more about my roots, to elucidate Somali history for a wider audience and to tell a story that I found fascinating." A "fictionalized biography", it won critical and popular acclaim in countries as far away as Korea. The book won the 2010 Betty Trask Award, and was shortlisted for numerous awards, including the 2010 Guardian First Book Award, the 2010 Dylan Thomas Prize, and the 2010 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize. It was also long-listed for the 2010 Orange Prize for Fiction. In 2013, <mask> released her second novel, The Orchard of Lost Souls. Set in Somalia on the eve of the civil war, it was published by Simon & Schuster.Reviewing it in The Independent, Arifa Akbar said: "If <mask>'s first novel was about fathers and sons ... this one is essentially about mothers and daughters." In 2014 The Orchard of Lost Souls won the Somerset Maugham Award and was longlisted for the Dylan Thomas Prize. In December 2013, <mask> was one of 36 writer and translator participants at the Doha International Book Fair's Literary Translation Summit in Qatar. She was chosen as one of Granta magazine's "Best of Young British Novelists" in 2013, and in April 2014 was selected for the Hay Festival's Africa39 list of 39 Sub-Saharan African writers aged under 40 with potential and talent to define future trends in African literature. Her writing has also been published in such outlets as The Guardian and Literary Hub, as well as in the anthology New Daughters of Africa (edited by Margaret Busby, 2019), which includes poetry by <mask>. In June 2018 <mask> was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in its "40 Under 40" initiative. She joined the English Creative Writing faculty of Royal Holloway, University of London, in 2018.Her 2021 novel, The Fortune Men, is based on the true story of Mahmood Mattan, whom her father knew. The book is about a petty criminal in Cardiff who becomes the last man to be hanged there, wrongfully convicted of murder in 1952. In The Guardian, Ashish Ghadiali wrote of <mask> that the novel "confirms her as a literary star of her generation", while Michael Donkor described the book as a "determined, nuanced and compassionate exposure of injustice". The book was shortlisted for the 2021 Booker Prize. <mask> has said that her next book will be "a contemporary novel set in the world of Somali women in London". Awards
2010: Betty Trask Prize for Black Mamba Boy
2013: Granta "Best of Young British Novelists"
2014: Africa39 list of the most promising writers under the age of 40 from Sub-Saharan Africa
2014: Somerset Maugham Award for The Orchard of Lost Souls

Works

Novels
Black Mamba Boy (2010)
The Orchard of Lost Souls (2013)
The Fortune Men (2021)

Selected shorter writings
 "Filsan", Granta 123: Best of Young British Novelists 4, 16 April 2013. "Migrants for whom the Sahara proved a graveyard started out in hope", The Guardian, 1 November 2013."Sasayama", Granta 127: Japan, 25 June 2014. "Somalis returning to the motherland are finding their foreign ways out of favour", The Guardian, 11 September 2015. "Britain’s clampdown on FGM is leaving young girls traumatised", The Guardian, 7 September 2017. "How many dead Somalis does it take for us to care? ", The Guardian, 23 October 2017. "What We Lost in the Grenfell Tower Fire", LitHub, 24 October 2017. References

External links
 "WDN Interview with <mask> <mask>: The Author of Black Mamba Boy", WardheerNews, 21 April 2011."Black Mamba Boy – <mask> <mask>" on YouTube. <mask> <mask> on Somali Writers, Asymptote. <mask> <mask> interviewed by Stacey Knecht for www.the-ledge.com
 Magnus Taylor, "An interview with <mask> <mask>: 'I don’t feel bound by Somalia…but the stories that have really motivated me are from there'", African Arguments, 1 November 2013. "<mask> <mask>: The Granta Podcast, Ep. 71", Granta, 22 May 2013. Granta Video: <mask> <mask>, 11 June 2013. Sameer Rahim, "<mask> <mask>'s Somali journey", The Telegraph, 16 August 2013.Annasue McCleave Wilson, "The Only Seeds Being Sown Were Bullets: PW Talks with <mask> <mask>", Publishers Weekly, 6 December 2013. John Freeman, "Novelist <mask> <mask> on the Impact of Trump's Muslim Ban", LitHub, 31 January 2017. 1981 births
Living people
Black British women writers
Somalian women novelists
British women novelists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Somalian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Somalian Muslims
Writers from London
21st-century British novelists
People from Hargeisa
English people of Somali descent
21st-century British women writers
21st-century Somalian women writers
21st-century Somalian writers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature

masks:
Nadifa Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed
Nadifa
Mohamed


title: Gustavo Gutiérrez

texts:
<mask>  (born 8 June 1928) is a Peruvian philosopher, Catholic theologian, and Dominican priest, regarded as one of the founders of Latin American liberation theology. He currently holds the John Cardinal O'Hara Professorship of Theology at the University of Notre Dame, and has previously been a visiting professor at many major universities in North America and Europe. He studied medicine and literature at the National University of San Marcos, where he also became involved with Catholic Action, which greatly influenced his theological arguments. At the Theology Faculty of Leuven in Belgium and Lyon, France, he began studying theology. He has taught at the University of Michigan, Harvard, Cambridge, Berkeley, and Montréal, among other schools. His theological focus aims to connect salvation and liberation through the preferential option for the poor, or the emphasis on improving the material conditions of the impoverished. Gutierrez proposes that revelation and eschatology have been excessively idealized at the expense of efforts to bring about the Kingdom of God on Earth.In this way, his methodology is often critical of the social and economic injustice he believes to be responsible for poverty in Latin America and the clergy within the Catholic Church. The central pastoral question of his work is: "How do we convey to the poor that God loves them?”

In 1974, <mask> founded the Lima branch of the Bartolomé de Las Casas Institute. The Institute, in its mission statement, aims to use theology as a means of addressing contemporary social issues and educating through research, engagement with lawmakers, and collaboration with grassroots organizations. <mask> is a member of the Peruvian Academy of Language. In 1993, he was awarded the Legion of Honor by the French government for his tireless work. In 2002 <mask> was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2003 he received the Príncipe de Asturias award. In 2016, he received the Pacem in Terris Award from St. Ambrose University.Early life and education
On 8 June 1928, <mask> was born to mestizo parentage, being half-Hispanic and half-Indigenous. Gutiérrez was afflicted with osteomyelitis as an adolescent and was frequently bed-ridden. He had to use a wheelchair from age 12 to 18. However, he describes this time as a formative experience, claiming it instilled the value of hope through prayer and the love of family in friends. As he describes it, this experience had a profound impact on his interest in theology. He initially studied medicine at the National University of San Marcos in Peru in order to become a psychiatrist, then he realized he wanted to become a priest. He completed his theological studies in the Theology Faculty of Leuven in Belgium and in Lyon in France, where he studied under Henri de Lubac, Yves Congar, Marie Dominique Chenu, Christian Ducoq, and several others.It was also here where Gutiérrez was introduced to the Dominican and Jesuit ideologies, and was influenced by the work of Edward Schillebeeckx, Karl Rahner, Hans Küng, and Johann Baptist Metz. His time in Europe influenced Gutiérrez to discuss the openness of the Church to the contemporary world. He was also influenced by Protestant theologians such as Karl Barth and social scientists such as François Perroux and his idea of development. In 1959, Gutiérrez was ordained a priest. While studying in Europe, Gutiérrez was exposed to other, non-religious thinkers who had a profound impact on his ideology and the eventual formation of Latin American liberation theology. At the Faculty of Theology in Lyons, France he studied Karl Marx, Sigmund Freud - who he did a philosophy licentiate on at the University of Louvrain - and evolutionary theorists traditionally opposed or discouraged by the church. Marx's discussion of class struggle and the material conditions of poverty provided Gutiérrez a framework for understanding socio-economic inequality.<mask> was at one time a parish priest of the Iglesia Cristo Redentor (Church of the Holy Redeemer) in Rimac, Peru. Foundations of liberation theology
When he returned to Peru, <mask> began to formulate his understanding of Latin American "reality" – the foundation and driving force of Latin American liberation theology. He states: "I come from a continent in which more than 60% of the population lives in a state of poverty, and 82% of those find themselves in extreme poverty." <mask> focused his efforts on the rediscovery of love thy neighbor as the central axiom of Christian life. He felt the European theology he had studied did not reflect the oppressive material conditions in Latin America. In 2003, <mask> reminisced that his "parishioners in Lima would...  teach me volumes about hope in the midst of suffering". This relationship with Christianity would inspire his book On Job, published in 1987.An outline of <mask>'s theological proposal was drafted in his conference "Towards a Theology of Liberation" during the Second Meeting of Priests and Laity in Chimbote, Peru, between 21 and 25 July 1968. In this proposal, he cites on multiple occasions Vatican II's Gaudium et Spes and Paul VI's Populorum Progressio. To Gutiérrez, the source of the problems of Latin America was the sin manifested in an unjust social structure. His solution to this problem was to emphasize the dignity of the poor by prioritizing the glory of God present in them. This perspective would be refined over the next five years, until <mask> published A Theology of Liberation in 1973. Latin American liberation theology thus emerged as a biblical analysis of poverty. Gutiérrez distinguished two forms of poverty: a "scandalous state" and a "spiritual childhood."He noted that, while the former is abhorred by God, the second is valued. Gutiérrez identified that each form of poverty was present in Latin America, wherein one hungers for bread and for God. It is only through the manifestation of a committed faith that the purposes of God can be manifested to man, regardless of the color or social class under which he was born. Liberation theology insists on prioritizing the gift of life as the supreme manifestation of God. <mask> asserts that his understanding of poverty as a "scandalous state" is reflected in Luke's beatitude "Blessed are you poor, for the kingdom of God is yours", whereas his interpretation of it as "spiritual childhood" has precedent in Matthew's verse, "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Heaven". He argues that there are forms of poverty beyond economic. Writings on the option for the poor
Gutiérrez calls for understanding the reality of the poor.Being poor is not simply lacking the economic resources for development. On the contrary, Gutiérrez understands poverty as "a way of living, of thinking, of loving, of praying, of believing and waiting, of spending free time, of fighting for life." On the other hand, the Dominican emphasizes that poverty is the result of flawed social institutions. While many theologians oversimplify poverty's social roots, for Gutiérrez the origin of poverty is much more complex. In Latin America, it originates from the times of the conquest and to that is added several political, geographical, and personal factors. The proclamation of the gospel in the midst of the unjust situation in Latin America leads to a praxis based on principles derived from the word of God. In the article Theology and Poverty, <mask> recalls that this option should lead to three well-defined actions, with the preferential option for the poor unfolding as a fundamental axis of the Christian life on three levels:
 The announcement and testimony of the reign of God denounces poverty.The intelligence of faith reveals essential aspects of God and provides a perspective for theological work. Walking in the footsteps of Jesus, otherwise known as spirituality, is, on the deepest level, the basis on which everything else rests. The main biblical foundation for this praxis lies in the kenotic incarnation of Christ. To Gutiérrez, the ministry of Christ among the rejected and despised of his time is a clear example for the contemporary Church. Furthermore, "the incarnation is an act of love. Christ becomes man, dies and rises to liberate us, and makes us enjoy freedom. To die and be resurrected with Christ is to overcome death and enter into a new life.The cross and the resurrection seal our freedom." The freedom of Christ is seen by Gutiérrez as the source of spiritual and economic freedom. Theological reflection on liberation is not just a simple discourse without practical and concrete implications. Reflection on the situation of the poor leads to what liberation theologians call "liberating praxis", where they attempt to rectify the process by which the faith of the Church builds the economic, spiritual and intellectual liberation of socially oppressed peoples as fulfillment of the kingdom of God. The liberating praxis, then, has its basis in the love that God manifests for us and in the sense of solidarity and fellowship that should exist in interpersonal relationships among the children of God. These are concepts that Gutiérrez developed in concert with education activist/philosopher Paulo Freire, whose 1971 seminal work Pedagogy of the Oppressed explored the concept of praxis and a preferential option for the poor. Legacy

<mask> is an influential figure within 20th century theology as a whole, and responses to his work have been polarized.Arthur McGovern identifies liberation theology as an anomaly within theologian fields, arguing that theology discourse is generally limited to academic circles. He argues that <mask>'s theories, however, have considerable and tangible impacts on the Latin America's socio-economic conditions. Liberation theology was intended as a call to all believers in Latin America to act on the biblical commitment to the poor. <mask>'s message on material and economic conditions serves to place inequality in both religious and political discourse. <mask>'s thought has influenced theology, both in Latin America and abroad. This influence can be observed from the evangelical proposal of the "integral mission" developed years after the origin of liberation, to the development of social ministries within the evangelical churches in the last decades. Among his most prominent followers are Hugo Echegaray and Luis Felipe Zegarra Russo.His friends include the German theologian Gerhard Ludwig Müller, the former Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. On the subject of <mask>'s thought, of which he was a student, Müller stated: "The theology of <mask>z, how it is considered, is orthodox because it is orthopractic and teaches us the correct Christian way of acting, since it derives from authentic faith." On <mask>'s 90th birthday, in 2018, Pope Francis thanked him for his contributions "to the church and humanity through your theological service and your preferential love for the poor and discarded of society." While <mask>'s positions were never censored by the Church, he had been asked to modify some of his propositions. Criticisms

In the early 1970s, <mask> gave a controversial lecture in Córdoba, Argentina upon being invited by the Movement of Priests for the Third World. He refused to speak unless Father Jerónimo Podestá - a fellow liberation theologian who, unlike Gutiérrez, fought for the right of priests to marry - left the room. Years after, Podestá's widow and fellow critic of mandatory celibacy within the church, Clelia Luro deemed Guiterrez's attitude towards the issue to be discriminatory, criticizing him in the following letter:

In 1984, the Holy See - under Pope John Paul II - criticised aspects of liberation theology, taking particular issue with its use of Marxist economic theory.Then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger asked Peruvian bishops to examine Guiterrez's writings, voicing concerns that Gutierrez's arguments embodied a concerning "idealization of faith". As a result, he and liberation theology were the subjects of 36-page Vatican report, which declared Marxism to be incompatible with Catholic teachings. The Catholic Church in Peru then held a vote to rebuke <mask>'s ordination within the group, which ended in a tie. According to Arthur McGovern, controversy regarding Gutiérrez and liberation theology was not limited to the Catholic Church: the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal printed full-scale advertisements warning readers of a potential communist state in Mexico, arguing that "liberation theology… [would] install Communism in the name of Christianity" and encourage acts of terrorism. Selected works
 On the Side of the Poor: The Theology of Liberation. Co-authored with Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller. Orbis Books, 2015:
 In the Company of the Poor: conversations between Dr. Paul Farmer and Fr.<mask>rrez. Ed. Michael Griffin and Jennie Weiss Block. Orbis Books, 2013:
 Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ, trans. Robert R. Barr (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1993). Originally published as En busca de los pobres de Jesucristo: El pensamiento de Bartolomé de las Casas (Lima: CEP, 1992). The God of Life, trans.Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1991). Originally published as El Dios de la vida (Lima: CEP, 1989). On Job: God-Talk and the Suffering of the Innocent, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1987). Originally published as Hablar de Dios desde el sufrimiento del inocente (Lima: CEP, 1986). The Truth Shall Make You Free: Confrontations, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1990).Originally published as La verdad los hará libres: Confrontaciones (Lima: CEP, 1986). We Drink from Our Own Wells: The Spiritual Journey of a People, 20th anniversary ed., trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Maryknoll: Orbis, 2003; 1st ed., Maryknoll: Orbis, 1984). Originally published as Beber en su propio pozo: En el itinerario espiritual de un pueblo (Lima: CEP, 1983). A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation, 15th anniversary ed., trans. Caridad Inda and John Eagleson (Maryknoll: Orbis, 1988; 1st ed., Maryknoll: Orbis, 1973). Originally published as Teología de la liberación: Perspectivas (Lima: CEP, 1971).See also

Liberation theology
Black theology
Christian communism
Christian left
Christian socialism
Progressive Christianity
Social gospel
Social justice

References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> on the University of Notre Dame website
 Audio downloads of <mask>'s 1995 Drummond Lectures in Scotland
 Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith-August 6, 1984. Instruction on certain aspect of  "Liberation Theology"
 Liberation Theology in the World History Encyclopedia

1928 births
Living people
People from Lima
Anti-poverty advocates
Peruvian Dominicans
Peruvian Roman Catholics
Peruvian Christian theologians
Peruvian Christian socialists
Peruvian philosophers
Catholic philosophers
Liberation theologians
Christian Peace Conference members
Peruvian people of Quechua descent
University of Notre Dame faculty
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
National University of San Marcos alumni
Christian radicals
Catholic socialists
Christian socialist theologians
World Christianity scholars
Catholicism and far-left politics

masks:
Gustavo Gutiérrez Merino
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gustavo Gutierrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gustavo Gutiérrez
Gustavo Gutiérre
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez
Gustavo Gutié
Gustavo Gutiérrez
Gutiérrez


title: Alberto Hurtado

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask> on January 22, 1901 in Viña del Mar, Chile – August 18, 1952 in Santiago, Chile), popularly known in Chile as <mask> (Spanish for "<mask>"), was a Chilean Jesuit priest, lawyer, social worker, and writer, of Basque ancestry. He founded the Hogar de Cristo foundation in 1944. He was canonized on October 23, 2005, by Pope Benedict XVI, becoming his country's second saint. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Viña del Mar, Chile, on January 22, 1901, to an aristocratic family. After the death of his father when <mask> was four years old, his mother, with just two small sons, decided to sell their large estate. Unfortunately the buyer defrauded her. The family, now impoverished, was forced to live with a succession of relatives.From an early age, <mask> experienced what it meant to be poor and without a home. Thanks to a scholarship, he was able to attend the prestigious, all-boys, Jesuit school of St. Ignacio, Santiago, Chile (1909–17). During this time, he volunteered at the Parroquia Nuestra Señora de Andacollo, Santiago, a Catholic parish and school in a poor neighborhood of Santiago, where he assisted in the office and was librarian. From 1918 to 1923, he attended the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, studying in its law school and writing his thesis on labour law. After interrupting his studies for obligatory military service, he earned his degree in August 1923. <mask> entered the Jesuit novitiate in 1923. In 1925 he went to Córdoba, Argentina, where he studied humanities.In 1927 he was sent to Barcelona, Spain, to study philosophy and theology. When the Jesuits were suppressed in Spain in 1931, he continued his studies in theology at Louvain, Belgium. He was ordained a priest there on August 24,1933, and in 1935 he obtained a doctorate in pedagogy and psychology. Educator
Before returning to Chile, <mask> visited social and educational centers in Germany, France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. He returned to Chile in January 1936 and took up his post as professor of religion at Colegio San Ignacio and of Pedagogy at the Catholic University of Santiago. He was entrusted with the Sodality of Our Lady for the students, and he involved them in teaching catechism to the poor. Conservative Catholics in Chile had difficulty accepting the church's social teachings.As late as 1931, the official organ of the party aligned with the church hierarchy refused to publish the papal encyclical Quadragesimo anno and considered it "an orientation directed to other parts of the world but not Chile." In 1936, <mask> authored an article entitled The Priesthood Crisis In Chile, which addressed the problem of the shortage of priests in Chile; his analysis was criticized as "exaggerated". He criticized the quality of catechism instruction offered in Chile and wrote that young men often signed up as catechists but lacked the necessary certificate. Social apostolate

In 1940, <mask> was appointed diocesan director of the Catholic Action youth movement and he served as its national director from 1941 to 1944. Also in 1941, <mask> authored Is Chile a Catholic Country? The book published statistics demonstrating a lack of priests assigned to the working class and rural populations, and it reported on parishes that had one priest assigned to 10,000 laypeople spread across huge geographic areas. He advocated an increase in the number of priests and better education for them.Almost half of Chile's clergy were foreigners, including missionaries from the United States and Canada, who rode circuits of towns to administer the sacraments. Most Chileans regarded devotion to the Virgin and the saints as more important than attending Mass or receiving the Eucharist, which they could not do regularly. In the book, <mask> published the results of a 1939 survey of Chilean religious practices and reported that only 9% of Chilean women and 3.5% of Chilean men regularly attended Mass. The book was heavily criticised by more conservative Catholics, who accused <mask> of being a Communist. Keeping in mind his own origins, and ever grateful for the help he and his family had received when they were in great difficulties, <mask> was led to active social involvement. His strong faith was transformed into action with his founding of an organization similar to Boys Town in the United States. His shelters, called Hogar de Cristo (Home of Christ), took in all children in need of food and shelter, abandoned or not.He also purchased a 1946 green pickup truck and monitored the streets at night to help those in need that he could reach. His own charisma brought him many collaborators and benefactors. The movement was a huge success. The shelters multiplied throughout Chile and it is estimated that between 1945 and 1951 more than 850,000 children received some help from the movement. Labor movement and social doctrine of the church
In 1947, <mask> entered the labor movement. Inspired by the social teaching of the church he founded the Chilean Trade Union Association, meant to train leaders and instill Christian values in the labor unions. He wrote three books: Social Humanism (1947), The Christian Social Order (1947) and Trade Unions (1950).He served as a confessor to the Falange Nacional, the precursor to the modern Christian Democratic Party. To disseminate the social teaching of the church and help Christians reflect and act on the serious social problems faced by Chile, he founded in 1951 the periodical Mensaje ("Message"). He published numerous articles and books on labor issues in relation to the Catholic faith. Death
Deeply spiritual, <mask> was untiring in his work for the workers and the youth, combining intellectual reflection and practical actions. Ever optimistic and joyful, he had also an attractive personality that brought many people to Christ and the Catholic Church, young and old, intellectuals and manual workers. In 1952, <mask> was stricken with intense pain and rushed to the hospital. He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer.Day after day the media kept the country informed of <mask>'s state of health. Before his death he had become a national hero. After a brief battle with the illness, he died in Santiago. Veneration
<mask> was beatified on October 16, 1994, by Pope John Paul II and canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on October 23, 2005. <mask> was one of the first people to be elevated to sainthood during the papacy of Pope Benedict XVI; he was also the second Chilean saint, after Teresa of Los Andes. <mask> is one of the most popular and cherished saints in his country, Chile. An indication of his lasting popularity was the presence in Saint Peter's Square, on the day of <mask>'s canonization, of a very large contingent of Chilean people, led by the highest authorities of the country, starting with President Ricardo Lagos and some high-ranking Chilean politicians who actually had been <mask>'s students during his school teacher time, like Senator Gabriel Valdés.Legacy

 The "Hogar de Cristo" he founded still exists, and through its fight for social justice, it has become one of the biggest charity groups in Chile. There is also an avenue and the San Alberto Hurtado metro station in Santiago (the closest to his main shrine, which also houses the Hogar's headquarters) named after him. Alberto Hurtado University, located in Santiago and run by the Society of Jesus, preserves his name and strives to bring his legacy into contemporary education and social affairs, facilitating activities through its Center for Reflection and Social Action (CREAS). St. Joseph's Preparatory School in Philadelphia, PA, established The Hurtado Food Pantry, where a team of high school students organizes monthly food collections and deliveries, sending out thousands of pounds of food to the community. Xavier High School in New York, New York, renamed a hall (in which a soup kitchen feeds over 900 meals every Sunday) and Seattle University has a Residential Learning Community named after him. Jesuit High School in Portland, Oregon, opens its empty classrooms in the evenings to an ESL program called The Hurtado Center. Belen Jesuit High School has started the Hurtado Experience for its ninth graders, taking them on retreats to help out the needy in Miami.The famous Jesuit boarding school Clongowes Wood College, Co. Kildare. Ireland, named their Bursary Programme after him in 2007. Ten percent (10%) of the student population are educated free in the interest of the school being socially just. This is not a scholarship but a bursary for students who would benefit most from a Clongowes education in the Jesuit tradition. Currently six years in Clongowes would cost €100800.00 ( 2011/2012 figures €16800 per annum ). Chilean historian Marciano Barrios Valdes considered the Catholic Action movement in Chile to be what sustained the Catholic Church's continued existence in Chile into the 1960s. The Jesuit run Rockhurst High Schooll in Kansas City, Missouri, runs an accelerated learning program for inner-city, Catholic, middle school boys named "The Hurtado Scholars Program".Since 2006 the Press Club of Chile has presented the annual <mask> Cruchaga Award () to people and institutions for service to the community in the field of journalism. Jesuit High School of Tampa Bay has a scholarship named after him for those students who serve in their community. He is patron of the Novitiate of the USA Midwest province of the Society of Jesus. Criticism
Members of the Conservative Party denounced what they saw as <mask>'s endorsement of the National Falange, a party founded after young social Catholics split from the conservative party. There were also attacks from the left. An anonymous article published in Policarpo in 1982 called <mask> "the last prophet of the bourgeoisie" while it contrasts him unfavorably with the figure of Enrique Alvear who is hailed as the "first Pastor of the Church of the poor in Chile". Clotario Blest, who like <mask> was also intellectually indebted to Fernando Vives, is reported to have distanced himself from <mask>.Media
During the 1990s there was a short TV series dedicated to him, named Crónica de un Hombre Santo (English: Chronicles of a Holy Man). Four actors portrayed <mask>, from his childhood to his last years; popular telenovela actor Cristián Campos played the adult <mask> during his ministry. <mask> remains very popular in Chile to this day. His Facebook fan page has more than 50,000 followers. Main works
 ¿Es Chile un pais católico? (English: Is Chile a Catholic country? ), Santiago (Chile), 1941.Humanismo social (English: Social humanism), Santiago (Chile), 1947. El orden social cristiano en los documentos de la jerarquía católica (English: Christian social order in the documents of the Catholic hierarchy), 2 vol., Santiago (Chile), 1947. Sindicalismo: historia-teoría-práctica (English: Syndicalism: History-Theory-Practice), Santiago (Chile), 1950. See also

Bartolome Blanco Marquez, Youth leader of Catholic Action and martyr of the Spanish Civil War
<mask>li
Saint <mask>, patron saint archive
San Alberto Hurtado metro station
Frederic Ozanam
Alberto Hurtado University

References

Bibliography
 CID, F.D. : El humanismo de Alberto Hurtado S.J., Santiago (Chile), 1975. LAVIN, A.: El P.Hurtado, amigo y apostol de los jovanes, Santiago (Chile), 1978. GILFEATHER, Katherine A.: <mask>, a man after God's Heart, Santiago (Chile), 2004.External links
 "Padre Hurtado" Documentation and Studies Center (Spanish)
 Padre Hurtado: Some of his writings and his biography (English)
 Fundación Padre Hurtado (Spanish)
 Hogar de Cristo (English)

Chilean Roman Catholic saints
20th-century Chilean Jesuits
Jesuit saints
Chilean people of Basque descent
Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968) alumni
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile alumni
Chilean trade unionists
1901 births
1952 deaths
People from Viña del Mar
Burials in Chile
20th-century Christian saints
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Chile
Conservative Party (Chile) politicians
Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
Canonizations by Pope Benedict XVI
Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul <mask>

masks:
Alberto Hurtado
Luis Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga
Padre Hurtado
Father Hurtado
Alberto Hurtado
Alberto
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Alberto Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
Alberto Marvel
Alberto Hurtado
Alberto Hurtado
II Hurtado


title: H. W. Gretton

texts:
<mask> (16 March 1914 – 1983) was a New Zealand poet, lyricist, writer, teacher, journalist, linguist, diarist and Second World War soldier. In New Zealand, Gretton's tramping songs (popular between the 1950s and 1970s) are still well known today. His Second World War diary is also of note for its social history of military life, along with his soldier's poem 'Koru and Acanthus'. Life

<mask> grew up near Palmerston North on a dairy farm in Linton. He was the son of the farmer <mask> and <mask> (née Geddes). He attended Palmerston North Boys' High School and after Victoria College (1935–38). At Victoria, <mask> studied for his Bachelor of Arts degree and other interests included running, the University Tramping Club, and contributing to the annual student review, The Spike.He found work as a copyholder and later cadet reporter for The Dominion before attending Teacher's Training College while he was also studying part-time at Victoria. <mask> served in World War II and appears on the World War II Nominal Rolls 1939–1948. He was called up for military service in 1941 and served in the 2NZEF infantry. He was teaching at Manaia Primary School in Taranaki at the time of his call-up. In 1942, he became Registrar of the Births and Deaths of Maori at Waitapu. At the conclusion of his service, <mask> returned to Victoria University and teaching, and graduated with an MA in 1948. He next moved to the Hawke's Bay to teach at Rangitahi Maori District High School in Whakatane, but returned to Wellington in the 1950s to work at the Wellington Correspondence School, and after lived and taught for many years in Taupo at Taupo Nui-a-Tia College from 1962–78.<mask> married Derkje (Diana<mask> (née <mask>f), who was Dutch. He died in 1983 at the age of 69. Literary output

<mask> began writing poetry as a schoolboy at Palmerston North Boys' High School. By 1931, he could produce competent parodies of Romantic Scottish ballads. He published much of his poetry and prose in The Spike: or, Victoria University College Review between 1935 and 1947. In 1944, he co-edited (with Martyn Uren and J. L. Grimaldi) the February issue of the troopship magazine, Down the Hatch, which includes a number of sketches by Captain Peter McIntyre. The magazine was produced on Troopship 82 (Mooltan) which left New Zealand on 12 January 1944 carrying 11th Reinforcements.In 1949, <mask>'s poetry appeared in the third edition of the Victoria University College anthology, The Old Clay Patch. He also appears in the Glenco publication, Moa on Lambton Quay: Animal, Vegetable and Funereal Verse (1951). He has tramping songs included in ephemeral songbooks such as the Tararua Songbook (1971) and collections distributed by New Zealand tramping clubs and student organisations. <mask>’s songs were popular with these tramping organisations from the 1950s to the 1970s. In 1967, Gretton’s tramping songs were included in Shanties by the Way: A Selection of New Zealand Popular Songs and Ballads, collected and edited by Rona Bailey and <mask>; with musical arrangements by Neil Colquhoun. In 1984, his song ‘A Fast Pair of Skis' appeared in A Thousand Mountains Shining: Stories From New Zealand’s Mountain World edited by Ray Knox. One privately published anthology of his writings, A Selection of Poems, Songs and Short Stories (c.1985), appeared after his death and printed at the Gisborne Herald.The only copy is held at the Victoria University of Wellington Library. <mask> wrote in many forms, from popular songs and ballads to triolets and other forms of light verse. <mask> also wrote one major post-Second World War soldier's poem, 'Koru and Acanthus', that he had plans for in Italy in 1945 and completed by 1946. It appears in The Spike 1947. The poem looks at the apocalyptic effects of war in Europe with reflections on New Zealand's future. His papers consist of notebooks and a diary. The diary is a social history of the war period through the lens of a 2NZEF infantryman.Renewal of interest

In 1991, Les Cleveland included <mask>'s 'No More Double Bunking' in The Great New Zealand Songbook; and Cleveland again mentions Gretton for his war poem 'Koru and Acanthus' in his essay on 'War Literature: World War 2’ in the Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature (1998). Academics <mask> and <mask> further included seven of Gretton’s comic verses and songs in their anthology of New Zealand comic and satiric verse, How You Doing? (1998). This can be seen as the first major inclusion of <mask>’s work in a New Zealand anthology since the 1960s whose contributors date back to the 19th century. In 2001, New Zealand poets and editors Bill Sewell and Lauris Edmond included two of Gretton's poems in their anthology of New Zealand poetry, Essential New Zealand Poems. In 2002, Les Cleveland contributed an article on Gretton to New Zealand Books. Cleveland notes 'Gretton's poetry is energised by a wry, discerning wit and dexterous capacity for rhyme.'Cleveland's essay is the first significant article to appear discussing <mask>'s critical neglect. Cleveland notes further that: ‘Today, <mask> is remembered by many of his generation as the composer of songs that celebrate the pleasures of the outdoors. H. W<mask>’s tramping songs ‘A Fast Pair of Skis’ and ‘No More Double Bunking’ are also included on the historical website NZ Folk Songs. References

External links

• ‘Koru and Acanthus’ in The Spike 1947 http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-VUW1947_Spik-t1-body-d10.html

• The Spike: or, Victoria University College Review http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-corpus-VUWMagazines..html

• Victoria University Library catalogue http://library.victoria.ac.nz/library/

• H. W. Gretton’s ‘A Fast Pair of Skis’ and ‘No More Double Bunking’ at NZ Folk Songs http://folksong.org.nz/tramp/index.html

1914 births
1983 deaths
New Zealand educators
New Zealand male poets
New Zealand composers
Male composers
New Zealand diarists
People educated at Palmerston North Boys' High School
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand military personnel of World War II
20th-century New Zealand poets
20th-century New Zealand male writers
20th-century composers
20th-century male musicians
20th-century New Zealand journalists
20th-century diarists

masks:
Harold William Gretton
Gretton
Thomas Henry Gretton
Margaret Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
) Gretton
Ho
Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
Herbert Roth
Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
Harry Ricketts
Hugh Roberts
Gretton
Gretton
Gretton
. Gretton


title: Padilla affair

texts:
<mask> (20 January 1932 – 25 September 2000) was a Cuban poet put to the center of the so-called <mask> affair when he was imprisoned for criticizing the Cuban government. He was born in Puerta de Golpe, Pinar del Río, Cuba. His first book of poetry, Las rosas audaces (The Audacious Roses), was published in 1949. After his first marriage to Bertha Hernandez with whom he had three children, <mask>, <mask> and <mask>, he married poet Belkis Cuza Malé with whom he had his younger son <mask>. Although <mask> initially supported the revolution led by Fidel Castro, by the late 1960s he began to criticize it openly and in 1971, he was imprisoned by the Castro regime. Background
<mask>'s criticism of the Castro Regime was prompted by the changing role of the writer in the new revolutionary society of Cuba, and the brewing hostilities between Cuban cultural bureaucrats and the Cuban writers. During the 1950s, writers in Cuba had shown strength and vigor in the production of cultural institutions and creative material, including the Casa de las Américas and the publication of Lunes de Revolución.However, cultural bureaucrats had begun to be more critical towards art produced, and banned the movie P.M., a film about night life in Cuba. This perpetuated already existing distrust between the Popular Socialist Party, and Lunes de Revolución, who had sponsored the television platform that P.M. was shown on. Following this crisis, the writers of Lunes de Revolución, among other Cuban writers, were invited to a series of discussions at the National Library, where leaders of the PSP accused them of being divisive and not truly socialist. The heated nature of these debates demanded the intervention of Fidel Castro, himself, who then, in this speech, outlined the government's cultural policy: there will be tolerance towards all forms of artistic expression, as long as there was a basic support for the Revolution. Padilla began to get frustrated with the growing government interference in cultural affairs. In 1968, this underlying tension manifested in a debate published in the cultural magazine, El Caimán Barbudo, where Padilla wrote a scathing critique of Lisandro Otero's Pasión de Urbino, a novel that was considered for the Spanish Biblioteca Breve award, but was beat out by Tres Tristes Tigres by Guillermo Cabrera Infante. In Padilla's article, he denounces Pasión de Urbino, as well as its bureaucratic author, Otero, who was the Vice President of the Cultural Council.<mask> proceeded to praise Tres Triste Tigres, calling it one of the most brilliant, ingenious and profoundly Cuban novels ever written. Therefore, <mask> not only attacked, Otero, a high-ranking cultural official but praised Cabrera Infante, who had publicly condemned the Revolution and the conditions of writers within Cuba, dangerously branding Padilla as an ally to traitor to the Revolution. Following this scandal, the editorial board of El Caimán Barbudo that published this debate was fired and <mask> had also lost his job working at the Granma, or one of the government sanctioned news outlets in Cuba. <mask>'s frustration was only exacerbated when the Cuban Union of Writers and Artists, or the UNEAC, awarded the "Julián de Casal" to Heberto <mask>'s collection of critical poems, Fuera del juego in 1968, which would allow it to be published and distributed to the public. Before Fuera del juego was published, the UNEAC had heavily criticized the decision, and underwent a series of discussions about the counterrevolutionary nature of the book. The series of poems contained blatant revolutionary skepticism, especially in the poem titled Fuera del juego, where he outlines the difference between a good revolutionary and a bad revolutionary. Although the poem, as well as the book, presents a critical stance on the Revolution, it does so to prevent the Revolution from "supra-bureacracy or militarization".The decision, however, was upheld, and Fuera del juego was published with a political disclaimer, but the criticisms of <mask>'s work did not halt here. A series of articles were posted in Verde Olivo, the magazine of the armed forces, under the name Leopaldo Avila, prompting a stricter outline of the government's cultural policy. The conditional tolerance of Cuban literature required more than just a basic support for the Revolution. Thus a declaration of principles was created and approved at the Congress of Writers and Artists in 1968 that further defined the role of the writer in Cuba, stating that the writer has to not only support the Revolution, but contribute to it through utilizing literature as a "weapon against weakness and problems which, directly or indirectly, could hinder this advance." Affair

Imprisonment
With the strengthening of the overall cultural policy of the Cuban government in an attempt to avoid the weakening of the Revolutionary ideology, vigilance towards Cuban writers had increased, punishing them for even slightly deviating from Castro's communist praxis. Thus on March 20, 1971, Heberto <mask> was arrested and jailed for his work, Fuera del juego. To illustrate the trivial nature of revolutionary vigilance, one of the charges brought against Fuera del juego was Padilla's conception of history, where he described time as a circle.This was seen as counterrevolutionary. In UNEAC's official point of view, they stated, "He has expressed his anti-historical attitude by means of exalting individualism in opposition to collective demands of a country in the midst of historical development and by also stating his idea of time as a reoccurring a repeating circle instead of an ascending line." Controversy
<mask> was released thirty-seven days after being imprisoned, but not before delivering a statement of self-criticism to a UNEAC meeting. In this statement he had confessed to the charges brought against him, describing himself to be what his adversaries accused him of being: a counterrevolutionary, subtle, insidious, and malignant. He had also accused other writers, including his own wife, and urged them to follow his lead of conforming to the Revolutionary society. After <mask>'s statement of self-criticism, a number of prominent Latin American, North American, and European intellectuals, including Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar, Susan Sontag, and Jean-Paul Sartre, spoke out against Padilla's incarceration, and the resulting controversy came to be known as "the Padilla affair." The affair stirred a schism among political critics across the world, bringing many who had previously supported the Fidel Castro government to reconsider their position.Though Padilla was released from prison, he was still not allowed to leave the country until 1980. Aftermath
He lived in New York, Washington, D.C. and Madrid, before finally settling in Princeton, NJ. Padilla was a Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Farrar Straus & Giroux published several editions of his poetry, a novel, En mi jardín pastan los héroes (translated as Heroes Are Grazing in My Garden), and a book of memoirs, La mala memoria (translated as Self-Portrait of the Other). He was the Elena Amos Distinguished Scholar in Latin American Studies at Columbus State University, Columbus GA, 1999–2000. He died on 25 September 2000 while teaching at Auburn University in Alabama. Works

Poetry
 Las rosas audaces, 1949
 El justo tiempo humano, 1962
 La hora, Cuadernos de Poesía 10 (Sets of Poems 10), La Tertulia, La Habana, 1964
 Fuera del juego, 1968
 Provocaciones, 1973
 Poesía y política - Poetry and Politics, bilingual anthology, Playor, Madrid, Georgetown University Cuban series, 1974
 El hombre junto al mar, Seix Barral, Barcelona, 1981
 Un puente, una casa de piedra, 1998
 Puerta de Golpe, anthology created by Belkis Cuza Malé, Linden Lane Press, 2013
 Una época para hablar, anthology that contains all of <mask>'s poetry, Luminarias / Letras Cubanas, 2013

Narratives
 El buscavidas, novel, 1963
 En mi jardín pastan los héroes, novel, Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1981
 La mala memoria, memoir, Plaza & Janés, Barcelona, 1989 (Eng.translation: Self-portrait of the other 1989)
 Prohibido el gato, political novel written in 1989

References

1932 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Cuban poets
Cuban male poets
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Auburn University faculty
Prisoners and detainees of Cuba
Cuban dissidents
20th-century male writers

masks:
Heberto Juan Padilla
Padilla
Giselle Padilla
Maria Padilla
Carlos Padilla
Ernesto Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla
Padilla


title: Stefan Ramniceanu

texts:
<mask> (born Ștefan Râmniceanu, 15 August 1954) is a Romanian painter and visual artist. According to the philosopher and critic Andrei Pleșu, Ramniceanu is "one of those artists who know how to seduce, surprise and irritate; in other words, he has the gift to be unpredictable." From Communist Romania to the "Free World"
Ștefan Râmniceanu was born in Ploiești in 1954. He graduated in 1979 from the Nicolae Grigorescu Faculty of Fine Arts at the University of Bucharest. In 1985 when he began showing his art work in two galleries of Bucharest: Atelier 35 and Galeria Orizont. Art critic and historian Radu Bogdan and writer and philosopher Nicolae Steinhardt both praised his work for re-envisioning light in painting, making it a "light from the inside", i.e., a light coming from the artistic shape itself that makes it lighter and raises it to a higher spirituality. The excitement that accompanied the artist's revelation to the public was reflected in a landmark essay entitled "<mask>niceanu, artistic path", in which art critic and historian Răzvan Theodorescu expressed how Ramniceanu's oeuvre had been a revelation to him, inspiring him "the feeling of a new future for contemporary art" in Romania.A couple of years later, in 1988, as his work was beginning to be exhibited abroad – notably in Bulgaria, Hungary, and Austria, where he represented Romania at the Expoziția de Artă Plastică Româneasca – Ramniceanu held his solo exhibition "Ferecătura" in the Curtea Veche palace, the most ancient palace in Bucharest and a voivodal residence from the 14th century. Theodorescu, who was to become Minister of Culture and Religious Affairs some years later, served as a curator for that exhibition which was to become a landmark event in the capital's cultural life. Designed as a tribute to celebrate three centuries from the coming to power of Romania's leading historical figure Constantin Brâncoveanu as Prince of Wallachia, the exhibition re-envisioned the imagery of Orthodox church through contemporary, abstracted "icons", turning art as a form of coded dissent against the oppression of the Ceausescu regime of that time. Ferecătura attracted Ramniceanu much attention, and the Romanian television devoted to him a 45-minute reportage entitled "The sense of grandeur, the cult of the effort and the joy of the offensive in <mask>u's art work" named after the striking expression used by Andrei Pleșu (Romanian Minister of Culture from 1989 to 1991 and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1997 to 1999) in his essay entitled "The Crusade of <mask>eanu". The confrontation with the international art trials
Following this exhibition, Ramniceanu's art work gained the interest of the "free world" diplomatic circles, which opened him doors to exhibitions outside the communist world. This is how his solo exhibition Ferecătura was itinerated in Athens on the initiative of the Greek Ministry of Culture in Greece one year later, in 1989. The exhibition, held at the Rizarios Theological Institute under the name "Report to Byzantium", made Ramniceanu one of the very few Romanian artists to access the Western world during Nicolae Ceaușescu's Romania.This initiative received  widespread coverage from the Greek media and the City of Athens received as a tribute Ramniceanu's "Byzantine Bell" - one of the most emblematic sculptures of the exhibition - that is now exhibited on Vassilissis Sofias Avenue as part of the city public art collection. Shortly after having taken part in the Romanian Revolution in December 1989, Ramniceanu was invited by the French government and eventually established his studio in Paris in 1991. First a fellow of the French government, he became a resident of the Cité internationale des arts in 1992 and was awarded the French citizenship some years later. "I paint neither with tubes of paint nor with paintbrushes, I paint with the memory of things" Ramniceanu declared recently about his work, which has been exhibited widely in Paris and extensively abroad since the early 1990s in galleries such as Bernanos, Sandoz-Cité Internationale des Arts, Louis, FH Art Forum' and Visio Dell'Arte in Paris, Jardin de Lumière in Belgium, HS Kunst in Germany, Uni-Terre in Geneva, and in numerous contemporary art fairs in Paris, in Istanbul, and in Dubai. Over the years, Ramniceanu has distinguished himself as one of the emblematic artists of the Romanian diaspora in Paris, as reflected by his being portrayed in several Romanian TV shows. In 1994, the vernissage of its major exhibition "The Shirts of the Wall" held at the Romanian Cultural Institute of Paris is broadcast by the Romanian television. The following year, he interviewed with Mihaela Cristea as part of her TV report on Romanian success stories in France and sit down with Monica Zvirjinski in her "top personalities" show.Some years later, in 2004, he interviewed with Vlad Nistor on Realitatea TV. One year after, the Romanian television dedicated to Ramniceanu a special one-hour live biographical show where the artist discussed his art, work process, as well as his transition to the Paris art arena. The search of the "Universal Man"
Dan Hăulică described Ramniceanu's creative ambition in his critical essay entitled "Byzantium after Pollock"  inspired to him by Ramniceanu's 2001 solo exhibition "Gaze at the Golden Nights" held in the Paris premises of F.H. Art Forum Gallery: "A Byzantium which has gone through the radical exclamation of blacks by Soulages or Kline, and by Pollock's vibratory expansion." Ramniceanu's art cannot be simply categorized in any particular style, nor does it subscribe to a single artistic tradition. However, Ramniceanu derives inspiration from a variety of sources, including the detail and refinement of Romanian embroideries, and the imagery of Orthodox artworks. The language of material plays an essential role in the work of <mask>u, most of whose pictures have a three-dimensional structure.For the past forty years, his work has been developing in a process of accumulation, mingling and reworking of themes, motifs and symbols which recur and overlap repeatedly in diverse media. Highly symbolic connections emerge from metal, concrete, wire and other heterogeneous materials. Numerous pastose layers of muted colors lend the surface of his paintings a relief-like structure and thus an almost sculptural plasticity. The artist has borrowed indeed vocabulary from the specifics of painting crossing the disciplines of photography, sculpture, where he now focuses his efforts. When provocation has been erected as a system in contemporary art, Ramniceanu's artistic position is to constantly question and expand the classical notion of sensibility. The artist defines this search as an accompaniment towards the figure of the "universal human", a new abstracted understanding of the figure. In 2014 a large-scale retrospective of his oeuvre is to be held at the Cultural Center of the Mogoșoaia Palace in Bucharest.References

External links
  Official Website
  Videos & Interviews
  Ramniceanu portrayed in "Arta - revista de arte vizuale"
 Profil on Tudor Art

1954 births
Modern painters
Artists from Paris
Romanian expatriates in France
Romanian painters
Living people
Bucharest National University of Arts alumni
People from Ploiești

masks:
Stefan Ramniceanu
Stefan Ram
Stefan Ramnicean
Stefan Ramnic
Stefan Ramnicean


title: Robert G. Jahn

texts:
<mask> (April 1, 1930 – November 15, 2017) was an American plasma physicist, Professor of Aerospace Science, and Dean of Engineering at Princeton University. <mask> was also a founder of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab (PEAR), a parapsychology research program which ran from 1979 to 2007. <mask> held a B.S.E. degree in Engineering Physics (1951), a M.A. Degree in Physics (1953), and a Ph.D. degree in Physics (1955), all from Princeton University, and held faculty positions in Physics Department at Lehigh University, at the California Institute of Technology, and, since 1962, at Princeton. During his career, <mask> worked on electrically powered spacecraft propulsion and directed several major research programs in advanced aerospace propulsion systems, in cooperation with NASA and the U.S. Air Force. In 1961, he founded the Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory at Princeton and directed it for more than three decades.He served as Dean of the School of Engineering and Applied Science at Princeton from 1971 - 1986. <mask> was a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and was Chairman of its Electric Propulsion Technical Committee. He was a member of the NASA Space Science and Technology Advisory Committee and a member of the Board of Directors of Hercules Inc. from 1985 to 2001, where he served as Chairman of its Technology Committee. He also served on the Emergency Committee, the Nominating Committee, and the Social Responsibility Committee. He resigned from the Hercules Inc. board in 2001 at the age of 70. <mask> was the Chairman of the Elwing company which manufactures propulsion systems for satellites until his passing. Parapsychology Studies
<mask> also engaged in the study of psychokinesis ("PK") for many years.With Brenda Dunne, he established the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab (PEAR) in 1979 following an undergraduate project to study purported low-level psychokinetic effects on electronic random event generators. Over the years, <mask> and Dunne claim to have created a wealth of small-physical-scale, statistically significant results that they claim suggested direct causal relationships between subjects' intention and otherwise random results. Experiments under <mask>'s purview also explored remote viewing and other topics in parapsychology. In 1982, at the invitation of the editors of Proceedings of the IEEE, <mask> published a comprehensive review of psychic phenomena from an engineering perspective. A subsequent critique of this review by psychologist Ray Hyman, which was also invited by the journal's editors, discussed <mask>'s work in the context of a long history of flawed psychic research. Psychologist James Alcock carried out an extensive review of <mask>'s research and found there to be "serious methodological problems". Statistical flaws in <mask>'s work have been proposed by physicist Stanley Jeffers.<mask> closed the PEAR lab in 2007. Honors and awards
<mask> was the vice President of the Society for Scientific Exploration until his passing. <mask> received an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Andhra University. <mask> received the Stuhlinger Medal for "Outstanding Achievement in Electric Propulsion". In 2012 he received their AIAA Wyld Propulsion Award for outstanding achievement in the development or application of rocket propulsion systems. He wrote the book Margins of Reality: The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (with B. J. Dunne) and Physics of Electric Propulsion, as well as publications in various technical fields. Many of <mask>'s papers on parapsychology appeared in the Journal of Scientific Exploration and similar publications that focus primarily upon fringe science.His final honor was the 2017 IAC Scientific Award for Contribution to Consciousness Science - Lifetime Achievement, awarded at the 2017 International Congress on Consciousness in Miami. Reception

In 1984, the United States National Academy of Sciences, at the request of the US Army Research Institute, formed a scientific panel to assess the best evidence from 130 years of parapsychology. Part of its purpose was to investigate military applications of PK, for example to remotely jam or disrupt enemy weaponry. The panel heard from a variety of military staff who believed in PK and made visits to the PEAR laboratory and two other laboratories that had claimed positive results from micro-PK experiments. The panel criticized macro-PK experiments for being open to deception by conjurors, and said that virtually all micro-PK experiments "depart from good scientific practice in a variety of ways". Their conclusion, published in a 1987 report, was that there was no scientific evidence for the existence of psychokinesis. Science writer Kendrick Frazier wrote that <mask>'s experiments were faulted because of failing to randomize the sequence of group trials at each session, inadequate documentation on precautions against data tampering and possibilities of data selection.C. E. M. Hansel, who evaluated <mask>'s early psychokinesis experiments at the PEAR laboratory, wrote that a satisfactory control series had not been employed, the experiments had not been independently replicated, and that the reports of the experiments were lacking in detail. Hansel noted that "very little information is provided about the design of the experiment, the subjects, or the procedure adopted. Details are not given about the subjects, the times they were tested, or the precise conditions under which they were tested." The psychokinesis experiments conducted by <mask> involving "random machines" produced "a very small effect," not large enough to be observed over a brief experiment but, over a large number of trials, able to produce a tiny statistical deviation from chance. The physicist <mask>. Park concludes that it is doubtful that any of the machines used were in fact random since there are no truly random machines; therefore it is possible that the lack of randomness only began to show up after many trials. Park questioned that if the human mind really could influence matter, then it would be easy for parapsychologists to measure such a phenomenon by using this alleged psychokinetic power to deflect a microbalance, which would not require any dubious statistics; "the reason (they don't), of course, is that the microbalance stubbornly refuses to budge." Park has suggested that the reason statistical studies such as <mask>'s are so popular in parapsychology is because they introduce opportunities for uncertainty and error which are used to support the biases of the experimenter.Park wrote "no proof of psychic phenomena is ever found. In spite of all the tests devised by parapsychologists like <mask> and Radin, and huge amounts of data collected over a period of many years, the results are no more convincing today than when they began their experiments." According to Massimo Pigliucci, the results from PEAR can be explained without invoking the paranormal because of two problems with the experiments: "the difficulty of designing machines capable of generating truly random events, and the fact that statistical "significance" is not at all a good measure of the importance or genuineness of a phenomenon." Pigluicci writes that the statistical analysis used by <mask> and the group at PEAR relied on a quantity called a "p-value," but the problem with p-values is that if the sample size (number of trials) is as large as the one obtained by PEAR, then one is guaranteed to find artificially low p-values, seemingly indicating a statistical "significant" result while nothing other than small biases in the experimental apparatus occurred. Two German independent scientific groups have failed to replicate the PEAR results. Pigliucci has written this was "yet another indication that the simplest hypothesis is likely to be true: there was nothing to replicate." The physicist Milton Rothman wrote that most of the faculty at Princeton considered the work of PEAR an embarrassment.<mask>. Park said of PEAR, "It’s been an embarrassment to science, and I think an embarrassment for Princeton". Publications
The Role of Consciousness in the Physical World (1981)
“Electric Propulsion” In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 3rd Edition. R.A. Myers, ed. San Diego:  Academic Press, Vol. 5, pp. 125–141. (2002)
Consciousness and the Source of Reality: The PEAR Odyssey (2011)
Physics of Electric Propulsion (2012)
Quirks of the Quantum Mind (2012)

See also

 Global Consciousness Project
 Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research Lab

References

External links
Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research page on Jahn

1930 births
2017 deaths
American physicists
Parapsychologists

masks:
Robert George Jahn
Jahn
Career Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Robert L
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Robert L


title: Kiki Ebsen

texts:
<mask> (born January 14, 1958) is a singer/songwriter/keyboard player from Southern California. She has performed and toured nationally and internationally with many award-winning musicians, including Boz Scaggs, Al Jarreau, Christopher Cross, and Tracy Chapman. From 1987 to 2021, she released one single and eight full length solo CDs, issuing her sixth CD, Scarecrow Sessions (Painted Pony Media) on September 30, 2014. The result of a successful Kickstarter project, the Scarecrow Sessions album is a collection of jazz standards, a tribute to her father, <mask>'s, life and career. Today, Ebsen divides her time among writing, recording and performing music, and works with rescued horses, developing educational programs with her California nonprofit organization, The Healing Equine Ranch. Family and early life

<mask> was born <mask> at Saint John's Health Center in Santa Monica, California. Her father is the late actor Buddy Ebsen and her mother is the late Nancy Wolcott, also an actor and executive producer/director of the Newport Harbor Actors Theater.Kiki has three sisters, two half sisters, and one brother. She spent the first three years of her life on Hutton Drive in Beverly Hills, California. Then the family moved to Balboa Isle, where she enjoyed the waterfront and learned to sail from her dad. She moved at age 11 to a secluded ranch in the Malibu mountains. There, her love of horses led to several successful years as a champion equestrian. Ultimately, the arts beckoned, and at 18, she left her horses to pursue a career in music. Career

Kiki started playing piano as a child, following in the footsteps of her mother, aunt, and grandmother.Picking up melodies effortlessly by ear, she began composing her own songs at an early age. She pursued her love of music balanced by her love of animals and nature while growing up in the coastal town of Balboa Island, California and on a ranch in the Santa Monica Mountains. While <mask> was in high school, <mask> developed a family troupe, during a hiatus from filming the CBS television show, Barnaby Jones, that went on a tour of southern California. <mask> sang and played keyboard, brother Dustin played drums, and sister Bonnie sang and danced with Buddy, while older sister Susannah was the company manager, and another sister, Cathy, helped with transportation when her schedule showing horses permitted. The Ebsen troupe traveled to dates in Merced, Visalia, Placerville, Sacramento, San Jose, and El Camino College in Torrance. An equal amount of time was spent studying acting with her mother, performing and singing in several productions before graduating from high school. Ebsen then focused on music primarily as her career interests narrowed, and honed her skills in countless California garage bands.Ebsen went on to earn a degree in classical voice from California Institute of the Arts. Just out of college, <mask> won Collegiate Entertainer of the Year and from there embarked on a touring career with the multiplatinum recording and touring band, Chicago, as a keyboardist and MIDI tech. Two tours and one record later, Ebsen left to join Al Jarreau's touring band. While featured early in her career on the recordings of several of the musicians with whom she toured, ultimately <mask> signed a contract with the Sin-Drome label, on which she would release her first solo CD. Ebsen's inaugural CD, Red, was produced by hit smooth jazz producer Paul Brown and features inspired performances from Boney James, Buzz Feiten, and Paul Jackson, Jr. It was dubbed "the kind of debut most artists can only dream of creating" by the Mac Report. Her sophomore effort, Love Loud, made it into Muse's "Muse Top 10" of 2002.She later reunited with Paul Brown to create Kiki, which was added to Steve Quirk's Fusion Flavors Best of 2005 list. Says Quirk, "Kiki is a sleeping giant in contemporary music, who deserves to be heard." She released her first cover CD in 2009, Cool Songs Vol. 1, featuring classic pop tunes such as "Time After Time," "It's Too Late," and "Diary." Kiki's music appears on several compilations worldwide. Today she divides her time between writing, recording, touring solo (and with select artists) and nonprofit work with T.H.E. Ranch, an equine rescue and educational organization that she founded.Television appearances

Her earliest television appearances with the Al Jarreau Band were on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Arsenio Hall Show before embarking on a world tour. The band featured future stars including N'Dea Davenport (Brand New Heavies), Rickey Minor (American Idol, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno), and Felicia Collins (Late Show with David Letterman). Additional TV credits include performances with Take Six, Blake Shelton, Glen Campbell, Michelle Branch, Robert Goulet, Dolly Parton, Lee Ann Womack, Gloria Estefan, Kenny Loggins, Melissa Etheridge, Patty Griffin, and many more. Songwriting

Ebsen began writing songs as a teenager, and continues to compose to this day. Several of Ebsen's CD releases to date feature strictly her own songs, including Red, Love Loud, and The Beauty Inside. Three of Ebsen's compositions have been covered by sax artists Eric Marienthal, Boney James, and Jessy J. Kiki's vocals appear on Eric Marienthal's album One Touch (GRP Records, 1993) in the song, "That's the Way", a song co-written by Dave Koz, Ebsen, and Randy Hall. Ebsen's composition, "Blue", which is included on Boney James' Backbone album (Warner Brothers, 1994), features James on tenor saxophone and Ebsen on keyboards.Saxophonist Jessy J. included Ebsen's composition, "Turquoise Street", on her 2008 album, Tequila Moon (Peak/Concord). Recordings

Ebsen's critically acclaimed solo releases include Red, Love Loud, Kiki, Cool Songs, Vol. 1, and The Beauty Inside", "The Music of Joni Mitchell" and "Fill Me Up". She can be seen and heard on music videos featuring Tracy Chapman and Michael Bolton as well as live concerts video/DVDs from Christopher Cross, Belinda Carlisle, Namie Amuro, and Al Jarreau. As a backing vocalist and keyboard player, a full listing of Ebsen's discography on compilation recordings as well as appearances on other artists' recordings is found on the artist's official web site. Solo discography

Albums

Scarecrow Sessions

With the advent of Scarecrow Sessions, <mask> <mask> has established herself as a solo performer and viable jazz singer, solo, with a trio, or in front of an orchestra. The album, which includes historical photos and stories behind the songs, was completed in time for Father's Day 2014; Kickstarter contributors received their copies in advance of the official release.Scarecrow Sessions features well-known jazz musicians including John Patitucci on bass and Chuck Loeb on guitar, Henry Hey on piano, and Clint De Ganon on drums. David Mann produced the album, wrote the arrangements, and played saxophone. Her CD has received substantive critical acclaim. The impetus behind the album is taking the advice her father Buddy had given her many years before his death. One track, "Missing You", has special meaning for Kiki. As noted by music reviewer Jean-Keith Fagon, <mask> "unearthed the yearning torch song “Missing You” when sifting through a box of her father's old scripts and songbooks after his passing. She began performing the arresting piano and voice confessional coauthored by her father during her own concerts."Reviewer George W. Harris of Jazz Weekly noted of Scarecrow Sessions, "Her voice is somewhere between Astrud Gilberto sotto voce and Broadway, able to coo softly on a creatively intimate samba with Loeb on “Comes Love” or hit the climaxes just right on a luminous “Over the Rainbow.” Music reviewer Preston Frazier included Scarecrow Sessions as no. 5 on his top-10 "Best of Jazz and Fusion Jazz listing. Said Frazier, "The Scarecrow Sessions give <mask> Ebsen a chance to showcase her excellent arranging chops. Who would have guessed that the song “If I Only Had A Brain” could sound so substantial? Part of the album's success also lies in Ebsen's classically trained and soulful voice." Touring

Today, <mask> performs all over the United States, and internationally, as solo artist, duo, quartet, and in front of major orchestras. Over the past 20 years, Ebsen has been invited to join the touring bands of an impressive list of Grammy Award winners, including Christopher Cross, Tracy Chapman, Bill Champlin, Peter Cetera,  Michael McDonald, James Ingram, Dave Koz, Boz Scaggs, and Wilson Phillips.Additionally, Ebsen joined the tours of more Grammy and Oscar nominees, including Stephen Bishop, and Belinda Carlisle. Ebsen's prolific keyboard and vocal work also found her on tours crossing jazz, R&B, rock, and singer-songwriter genres with chart-topping artists Patti Austin, Bobby Caldwell, Colin Hay, Susannah Hoffs, Barry Mann/Cynthia Weil Show, Jeffrey Osborne, Michael Paulo, Al Stewart, and Deniece Williams. Live solo performances
Ebsen has opened for Christopher Cross, Peter Cetera, Emmylou Harris, and Al Stewart. Notable solo performances include the NAMM Show, FAR-West Official Showcase, Folk Alliance International Featured Showcase Artist, The Maui Music Festival, Java Jazz Festival, Waikaloa Music and Wine Festival, Tin Pan South, Pacific Rim Jazz Festival, KSBR 25th Birthday Bash, The KIFM Anniversary Party and the Temecula Music and Wine Festival. Ebsen made her touring debut in Scotland during August, 2014. Nonprofit and charitable involvement

From childhood days, Kiki would sing, one sister, Bonnie, would dance, and her brother, Dustin, would play drums and join their father, Buddy, in presenting entertainment to those in California residential communities and churches, who might be missing visitors and loved ones and appreciate company. Kiki has extended her long history of entertaining and participating in charitable fundraisers for worthy causes.In 2002, <mask>  renewed her love of horses by rescuing a foal from a feed lot where it was to be slaughtered for meat. She went to rescue 10 more horses from economic distress. During that time, she formed The Healing Equine Ranch. a 501c3. Using a herd of rescued horses, she teaches the language of horses and how to connect and build relationships from the ground up. Her mission statement is "to empower, enlighten and educate humans through natural interaction with horses." For the past five years, Ebsen has hosted many fund-raising concerts to support her passion.Often, a portion of the proceeds of several of her solo albums has been directed to support the work of T.H.E. Ranch, and others among her talented musician friends have similarly participated in donating their time and talents to ranch concerts to help raise funds for these rescue and educational projects. On December 14, 2014, <mask> was among the many accomplished musicians who volunteered to join together at the famed Canyon Club and contribute their time, talents, and auction items to the "Mighty Met Acoustic Flashback Benefit in behalf beloved 1970s KMET DJ, Pat Kelley, in his battle with multiple sclerosis. Trivia

Kiki was an extra in the film Back To The Future, playing a musician in the band audition scene with Huey Lewis. <mask>'s voice is featured in the 1993 soundtrack for the film, Bodies, Rest and Motion'', starring Bridget Fonda and Eric Stoltz. References

External links

 The Healing Equine Ranch (501 (c) 3 Foundation)

Living people
1958 births
People from Santa Monica, California
American women singers
Songwriters from California
21st-century American keyboardists
21st-century American women
American people of Baltic German descent
American people of Danish descent

masks:
Kiki Ebsen
Buddy Ebsen
Kiki Ebsen
Nancy Kiersten Ebsen
Kiki
Buddy Ebsen
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Ebsen
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki


title: Harold Albrecht

texts:
<mask> (born October 15, 1949 in Kitchener, Ontario) was the Member of Parliament (MP) for the Conservative Party of Canada in the riding of Kitchener—Conestoga from 2006 until 2019. He defeated the incumbent Liberal MP, Lynn Myers, by just over 1,000 votes in the 2006 federal election to gain a seat in the House of Commons of Canada. Early years
<mask> grew up in the riding in which he was elected and was educated in the Waterloo Region at Waterloo-Oxford District Secondary School, and then at Waterloo Lutheran University (which is now Wilfrid Laurier University). <mask> went on to complete his Doctorate of Dental Surgery at the University of Toronto. Personal life
<mask> owns a hobby farm in between Petersburg and New Dundee, and he and his wife Betty were married for 40 years. They have three children and nine grandchildren. On the night of May 2, 2011, Betty suffered a brain hemorrhage while they were preparing for his election victory party, and died two days later in hospital.In July 2013, <mask> married Darlene McLean. Before politics
<mask> owned a private dental practice in the Kitchener region for twenty-seven years. During his dentistry career, <mask> also lent his professional skills on many short-term Christian mission trips with the Christian Medical-Dental Society in Honduras and Dominican Republic, as well as trips to Venezuela, Colombia, Zambia, Nepal, and India. <mask> served as a school board trustee on the Waterloo County Board of Education from 1978 to 1982, and was the Chair of the Board from 1981 to 1982. In 1999, <mask> left his dentistry practice to found and pastor Pathway Community Church in the Doon area of Kitchener. The church started meeting in November of that year, with a small congregation of around 70 people. It also became the third Brethren in Christ church in the Kitchener-Waterloo area.<mask> pastored the church until 2005, when he announced a leave of absence to seek the Conservative Party nomination in his riding. When he won the nomination, he permanently resigned his leadership position from the Church. Federal politics
<mask> was the Member of Parliament for the riding of Kitchener-Conestoga in Canada's House of Commons. He held this seat from 2006 to 2019. <mask> favours reforming Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act. In particular, he would like to see stiffer sentences for young offenders who commit violent crimes. His interest was sparked by the Justice for Dustin Campaign – an endeavour by the family of a murdered Kitchener teen to see stricter sentences for violent young offenders.2006 election
In 2006, <mask> ran as the Conservative candidate in the riding of Kitchener-Conestoga. <mask> won the election with 20,615 votes – 41.22% of the votes. He defeated Liberal incumbent, Lynn Myers, as well as NDP candidate, Len Carter and Green Party candidate Kristine Stapleton. Committee work
In the 39th Parliament, <mask> was a member of the Standing Committee on Government Operations and Estimates, the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, and the Legislative Committee on Bill C-2. 2008 election
In 2008, <mask> was re-elected as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Kitchener-Conestoga. <mask> won with 23,525 votes – 49.32% of the votes, defeating Liberal candidate Orlando Da Silva, NDP candidate Rod Mcneil and Green Party candidate Jamie Kropf. Committee work
In the 40th Parliament, <mask> was a member of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs, the Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs, the Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development, the Standing Joint Committee on Scrutiny of Regulations and the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics.<mask> was also member and chair of the Subcommittee on Private Members' Business of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs. Additional roles
On November 21, 2008, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named <mask> Deputy Government Whip. 2011 election

On May 2, 2011, <mask> was re-elected for the third consecutive election as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Kitchener-Conestoga. <mask> received 28,902 votes – 54.12%, defeating NDP candidate Lorne Bruce, Liberal candidate Bob Rosehart and Green Party candidate Albert Ashley. On the night of <mask>'s electoral win, his wife of nearly 40 years <mask> suffered an unexpected brain hemorrhage. She was hospitalized and died two days later at the Hamilton General Hospital. Committee work
In the 41st Parliament, <mask> has served as a member of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs, the Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs, the Subcommittee on International Human Rights of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development, the Liaison Committee, and the Standing Committee on Transport, Infrastructure and Communities.<mask> has also served as a member and chair on the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development, the Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure of the Standing Committee on Environment and Sustainable Development, and the Subcommittee on Private Members’ Business of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs. Additional roles
<mask> was renamed the Deputy Government Whip on May 5, 2011, and served in this capacity until January 27, 2013. Bill C-300
In the 41st Parliament, <mask> sponsored a Private Member's Bill - Bill C-300, An Act Respecting a Federal Framework for Suicide Prevention. Bill C-300 "establishes a requirement for the Government of Canada to develop a federal framework for suicide prevention in consultation with relevant non-governmental organizations, the relevant entity in each province and territory, as well with relevant federal department." <mask>'s Bill C-300 received royal assent and came into force on December 14, 2014. Additional parliamentary work
In his capacity as a parliamentarian, <mask> was a member of the Auto Caucus, the Energy Caucus, the Rural Caucus, and the Pro-Life Caucus. <mask> is also the founder and chair of the BioCaucus, a group of MPs who work to promote the production of agricultural and renewable technologies.Additionally, <mask> is the Chair of the Canada-Armenia Parliamentary Friendship Group and the Chemical Caucus. Opposition to the Pride flag
In 2017, <mask> came out in opposition to flying the rainbow pride flag alongside the Canadian flag at Waterloo Region District School Board schools because of the improper flag-etiquette it would present "Many of these flags are being flown on the same mast as our Canadian flag. This is a troubling practice as it diminishes the dignity and the honour of our flag. Flying two flags on the same mast also goes directly against proper flag protocol." - <mask>. However, before making the decision to fly the Pride flag, the WRDSB checked with the Government of Canada's flag protocol lead at Canadian Heritage who confirmed that where there is only one mast flying both flags on it is an acceptable workaround provided the Canadian flag is on top. Electoral record

Notes

External links
Official website
<mask> - Facebook
<mask> - Twitter

1949 births
Canadian dentists
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Wilfrid Laurier University alumni
People from Kitchener, Ontario
Canadian Anabaptists
20th-century Anabaptists
21st-century Canadian politicians

masks:
Harold Glenn Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Betty Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Albrecht
Harold Albrecht
Harold Albrecht
Harold Albrecht