title: Dick Asher

texts:
<mask> is an American lawyer and former recording company executive. He is currently an affiliate professor of music business and an advisor to the undergraduate commercial music program at Florida Atlantic University. Biography
<mask> became widely known to the general public through Frederic Dannen's 1990 book Hit Men: Power Brokers And Fast Money Inside The Music Business, which chronicled <mask>'s music industry career, particularly focussing on his tenure as Deputy President of Columbia Records between 1979 and 1983, his corporate and personal battles with controversial label president Walter Yetnikoff, and <mask>'s attempts in the early 1980s to expose and defeat the growing influence of a cabal of independent record promotion agents known as "The Network". A veteran of the United States Marine Corps, <mask> received degrees from Tufts University and Cornell Law School before beginning his working life as a corporate lawyer. His music industry career began in the mid-1960s when he was appointed as Vice President of Business Affairs for the CBS  (now Sony Music) group of record labels, which included the Columbia and Epic Records labels. One of his first major duties at CBS was a 1966 meeting with Bob Dylan in Woodstock, New York, shortly after Dylan's legendary motorcycle accident, to negotiate the renewal of Dylan's Columbia recording contract. <mask> rapidly gained a reputation for his honesty, integrity, loyalty, thoroughness and able business administration.In 1970 he was appointed Vice President of Capitol Reocrds' east coast division, but the move was not a successful one for <mask> (Dannen described it as "a disaster") and in 1971 <mask> gratefully accepted Columbia president Clive Davis's offer to return to CBS. In 1972 he was sent to London to take over Columbia's loss-making UK division, which he soon returned to profit, and he was subsequently promoted to become the head of CBS' entire overseas recording operation. In 1979 the music industry experienced a major and rapid downturn in sales, and the CBS labels suffering a serious drop in profits. To deal with this crisis, then CBS Chief Operating Officer John Backe created the new position of Deputy President of Columbia Records and appointed <mask> to the role, where he implemented a stringent but effective (although very unpopular) round of cost-cutting, during which he was obliged to retrench hundreds of CBS staff. One area of expenditure that soon became a matter of particular concern to <mask> was the large and rising cost of payments to independent promotion agents, and <mask> calculated that this little-known facet of the company's operation was by then costing CBS alone around $10 million annually. For most of their history, music publishers and record labels had long used "song pluggers", freelance promotions agents who were hired on a casual basis to promote and sell new sheet music - and later, new record releases - to department and music stores,  and radio station program directors. For many years this had been a relatively low-cost operation, but through the late 1960s and early 1970s, the combination of increasing competition between record labels, the enormous increase in the volume of new records, and the development of the restrictive Top 40 radio programming format meant that by the mid-1970s record labels were finding it increasingly difficult to get new releases placed into radio station playlists by their house marketing staff, and the American labels began to rely more and more heavily on a small group of powerful and influential independent promoters.As he investigated Columbia's expenditures during 1979, <mask> quickly realised that the cost of paying these "indies" (independent promotion agents) had skyrocketed - when he took over the CBS UK operation in 1972, an "indie" might only charge around $100 per week, but by 1980 it was estimated that the major labels were paying $100,000-$200,000 or more per record to hire these agents to promote their products to radio, and it was calculated that, industry-wide, the practice was by then costing at least $50 million annually. He also discovered that a group of the top independent American agents had organised themselves into a loose association known as "The Network", and that this group now had a virtual stranglehold over this crucial area of record company promotions. In late 1979 <mask> decided to test the power of The Network by deliberately not paying their agents to promote the new Pink Floyd single "Another Brick in the Wall" to radio stations in Los Angeles. The results dramatically validated his concerns - despite the fact that the group was the talk of the town at the time, performing sell-out concerts and garnering rave reviews, not one of the major L.A. radio stations would add the single to their playlist - but once the company resumed payments, the single quickly entered the Top 40, and in February 1980 its parent LP The Wall went to #1 on the Billboard album chart, where it remained for the next four months. For several reasons <mask> was determined to stop the practice of paying these "indies", but his crusade was strongly opposed by his boss, Columbia's volatile President, Walter Yetnikoff, who personally disliked <mask> and disagreed with many of his this business decisions. Yetnikoff strenuously defended the use of the "indies" as being essential to the company's business. <mask> however was now greatly concerned about the wider ramifications of this practice - he realised that "The Network" was, in effect, an industry-wide extortion racket whose real power lay in its ability to prevent records from getting to radio, and he also suspected that its leaders may have had links to organised crime.<mask> feared that this could precipitate another major scandal, on the scale of 1950s payola debacle, which destroyed the career of top DJ Alan Freed. <mask> knew that there were instances of apparent fraud, in which the Network agents were charging large sums for the placement of records that in fact were never even played on radio, and that the use of "indies" could be construed as bribery. He also feared that these practices could have disastrous consequences for his company, because if it was found that the CBS labels had been involved in any criminal activity, the Federal Communications Commission had the power to suspend or even revoke the all-important broadcast licences held by Columbia's parent, CBS Inc. which operated the CBS television and radio networks. In 1981, with concern across the industry growing, and after negotiations between the major labels, CBS and Warner Communications agreed to a joint boycott on payments to The Network, but it fizzled out after only a few weeks, and the labels soon returned to paying the Network. <mask> later found that one of his own labels, Epic, had been evading the boycott almost from the beginning, by hiding payments to The Network as "tour promotions" and other costs. By early 1983 <mask>'s financial efforts at CBS were reaping rewards, and the company posted its biggest quarterly profit since the late '70s, but in mid-April he was called to a meeting with Yetnikoff, who told him that CBS Music's new CEO Thomas Wyman "had problems" with him. Shocked and puzzled, <mask> began to question Yetnikoff about the claim, but at this point the obviously uncomfortable Yetnikoff abruptly got up, left the room and (as <mask> soon discovered) he immediately went home.Yetnikoff then deliberately avoided <mask> for days. <mask> eventually contacted Wyman and arranged a meeting, where Wyman told him that it was in fact Yetnikoff who "had problems" with <mask>. <mask> then searched the building trying to find Yetnikoff to discuss and hopefully resolve the issue, but he later found out that Yetnikoff had been deliberately hiding in another executive's office so that <mask> could not find him. The following Friday <mask> came to work to discover that his regularly scheduled weekly staff meeting had been cancelled, and that he had been ordered to come to Yetnikoff's office. There <mask> was confronted by Yetnikoff and Wyman, who presented and demanded that <mask> sign a one-line press statement announcing that he had left CBS. A stunned <mask> refused to sign, despite repeated demands by Yetnikoff and Wyman, and he then insisted on seeing his lawyer. <mask> realised he was being fired, but after consulting his lawyer, he realised that it would be pointless to fight the company and he acquiesced to his dismissal.<mask> then spent almost a year "in the wilderness", during which time he found it almost impossible to find work, and was shunned by former colleagues, but in 1984, in a surprise move, he was brought in to act as a senior consultant on the proposed merger between the Warner and Polygram music groups. Ultimately Federal Trade Commission refused to approve the merger, but <mask> had by then been appointed as a senior VIce-President at Warner Communications, and in October 1985 he was headhunted to become the new President and Chief Executive of Polygram Records Inc.

References

Dannen, Frederic, Hit Men: Power Brokers and Fast Money Inside The Music Business, Vintage Books, 1991 ()

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American lawyers
American chief executives

masks:
Martin Richard Asher
Dick Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher
Asher


title: René Rivera

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born  July 31, 1983) is a Puerto Rican professional baseball catcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Seattle Mariners, Minnesota Twins, San Diego Padres, Tampa Bay Rays, New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, Los Angeles Angels, Atlanta Braves, Cleveland Indians, and Washington Nationals. Professional career

Seattle Mariners
<mask> was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the second round (49th overall) of the 2001 Major League Baseball Draft as a 17-year-old. He was chosen as a compensation pick from the Texas Rangers for the signing of Alex Rodriguez. <mask> played most of the 2004 season with the High-A California League Inland Empire 66ers but played with both the Triple-A and Major League clubs in September. He made his Major League debut September 22, , playing in two games for the Mariners that season as a late-inning replacement. <mask> began 2005 with the Double-A San Antonio Missions.He was promoted to the Mariners on May 15, but optioned back to San Antonio on May 20 without appearing in a game. He was again promoted to the Mariners on May 30 when starting catcher Miguel Olivo was sent down to Triple-A. On May 31, <mask> had his first Major League start and base hit, going 3 for 5 at the plate. <mask> shared catching duties with Pat Borders in June and was optioned back to San Antonio when Olivo returned. He played with the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers in August and returned to the Mariners in September. In 2005, he had 12 starts at catcher and 19 hits in 48 at-bats at the Major League level. <mask> was one of the final players cut from the roster in 2006 spring training and began the year at Triple-A.He was back with the Mariners by mid-April and served as a back-up to Kenji Johjima for the remainder of the season, batting .152 in 99 at-bats over 35 games. During the off-season, the Mariners weighed the benefits of allowing the young catcher to develop his hitting in the minor leagues against his providing limited offense in a back-up role in the Majors. In , <mask> played for the Mariners Double-A affiliate, the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx, batting .214 in 91 games. He was granted free agency in November. Los Angeles Dodgers
On November 22, 2007, <mask> signed a minor league contract that included an invitation to spring training with the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Dodgers assigned him to Double-A Jacksonville to begin the  season. While at Jacksonville, <mask> began playing some first base, along with catcher, and was promoted to Triple-A Las Vegas on June 3.He hit .250 across both levels and was granted free agency at the end of the season. New York Mets
<mask> signed with the New York Mets in November 2008. He spent the 2009 season with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, appearing in 63 games at catcher and 3 at third base. He hit .234 with 9 home runs. Camden Riversharks
<mask> began the 2010 season with the independent Camden Riversharks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. In 22 games with Camden, <mask> batted .280/.337/.610 with 7 home runs and 19 RBI. New York Yankees
The New York Yankees signed <mask> on May 20, 2010, to a minor league contract.He was initially assigned to the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees and was later moved to the Double-A Trenton Thunder. Minnesota Twins
On December 17, 2010, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins. His contract was purchased by the Twins on May 5, 2011. He was brought up from Triple-A to provide back-up to Drew Butera, who was the Twins' primary catcher with Joe Mauer on the disabled list. He went back to Triple-A in early July, but rejoined the team on August 28 when Mauer was sitting out. He finished the year with the Twins, hitting .144 in 104 at-bats over 45 games on the season. <mask> was granted free agency at the end of the 2011 season, but re-signed with the Twins on a minor league deal and an invitation to spring training.<mask> stayed with the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings for the full 2012 season, batting .226 in 95 games. <mask> was displeased with the Twins when he was passed over and they called up catcher Chris Herrmann from Double-A to add depth in September. San Diego Padres
<mask> was signed to a minor league contract by the San Diego Padres on December 12, 2012. He was recalled from the Triple-A Tucson Padres on July 7, 2013, to replace Yasmani Grandal, who was placed on the disabled list. He was hitting .343 with Tucson at the time of his recall. He remained the backup to Nick Hundley for the rest of the season. In 23 games for San Diego, he hit .254/.268/.328 with 7 RBI and 4 runs.The Padres opened 2014 carrying three catchers, and <mask> was selected as the Opening Day catcher. <mask> became the personal catcher for Andrew Cashner during the season and picked up more starts once Nick Hundley was traded in late May. He finished the year with the majority of starts at catcher for the Padres with 85. On August 27, <mask> hit a game-winning single in the 10th inning after hitting a game-tying home run in the 9th inning, becoming the first Padres player since Adrián González in 2010 to have tying and winning RBIs in the same game. On the year, <mask> batted .252 with 11 home runs in 294 at-bats over a total of 103 games. Tampa Bay Rays
On December 19, 2014, the Padres traded <mask>, Jake Bauers, and Burch Smith to the Tampa Bay Rays in a three-team trade that saw the Rays trade Wil Myers, Jose Castillo and Ryan Hanigan to the Padres, the Padres trade Joe Ross and a player to be named later to the Washington Nationals, and Washington trade Steven Souza and Travis Ott to Tampa Bay. In 2015, he was mainly used as the personal catcher for Chris Archer.<mask> finished the 2015 season hitting .178 with 5 home runs and 26 RBIs. <mask> was released by the Rays on March 30, 2016. New York Mets (second stint)

On April 5, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He was called up to the major league team on April 26, 2016, when Travis d'Arnaud was placed on the disabled list. He started for the Mets in their Wild Card game against the San Francisco Giants, going 1 for 3 and throwing out Denard Span. Throughout the season he was Noah Syndergaard and Seth Lugo's personal catcher. <mask> appeared in 65 games for New York, posting a .222/.291/.341 slash line with 6 home runs and 26 RBI.On December 3, 2016, <mask> and the Mets avoided salary arbitration by agreeing to a one-year, $1.75 million contract. Chicago Cubs
On August 19, 2017, the Chicago Cubs claimed <mask> off waivers. He was added to the 25-man roster and was the starting catcher for the Cubs the following day against the Toronto Blue Jays. In 20 games with Chicago, <mask> slashed .341/.408/.591 with 2 home runs and 12 RBI. Los Angeles Angels
On January 9, 2018, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Angels. In 30 games with the Angels, <mask> logged a .244/.287/.439 slash line with 4 home runs and 11 RBI. Atlanta Braves
<mask> was claimed off waivers by the Atlanta Braves on August 29, 2018.<mask> appeared in 3 games for Atlanta, and went 0-for-4 with 3 strikeouts. San Francisco Giants
On February 8, 2019, he signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants. <mask> was released on March 23, 2019. New York Mets (third stint)
On March 25, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. He was assigned to the Triple-A Syracuse Mets. On August 24, the Mets selected <mask>'s contract. In 9 games with the Mets, <mask> went 4-for-17 with 1 home run and 3 RBI.On January 21, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Mets on a minor league deal. On July 19, 2020, <mask> was selected to the Mets' 40-man roster. <mask> only appeared in 2 games for the Mets before undergoing season ending surgery to remove a bone spur from his left elbow. Cleveland Indians
On April 14, 2021, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians organization. The Indians selected <mask>'s contract on May 5. <mask> slashed .236/.300/.400 with 2 home runs and 9 RBI in 21 games before he was designated for assignment on July 3. He was released by the Indians on July 8.Washington Nationals
On July 16, 2021, <mask> signed a major league contract with the Washington Nationals. He made his Nationals debut at starting catcher the same evening in a game against the San Diego Padres. In 4 games for the Nationals, <mask> hit .214 with 0 home runs and 0 RBI's. On August 14, <mask> was released by the Nationals. Accomplishments
2004 California League Mid-Season All-Star team
2002 Northwest League Post-season All-Star team
MVP of the 2001 Excellence Tournament held in Puerto Rico

Personal life
<mask> is married to Mariel Perez, daughter of Eddie 'La Bala' Pérez, a founding member of El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico. She gave birth to twins in September, 2013. References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball players from Puerto Rico
Major League Baseball catchers
Seattle Mariners players
Minnesota Twins players
San Diego Padres players
Tampa Bay Rays players
New York Mets players
Chicago Cubs players
Los Angeles Angels players
Atlanta Braves players
Cleveland Indians players
Washington Nationals players
Arizona League Mariners players
Everett AquaSox players
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players
Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino players
Tacoma Rainiers players
San Antonio Missions players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Jacksonville Suns players
Las Vegas 51s players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Trenton Thunder players
Camden Riversharks players
Rochester Red Wings players
Tucson Padres players
Gigantes de Carolina players
Tigres del Licey players
Puerto Rican expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Lobos de Arecibo players
Senadores de San Juan players
Indios de Mayagüez players
Leones de Ponce players
2017 World Baseball Classic players
Syracuse Mets players
Twitch (service) streamers

masks:
René Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera


title: Althea McNish

texts:
<mask>  (15 May 1924 – 16 April 2020) was a British textile designer of Trinidadian origin who has been called the first British designer of African descent to earn an international reputation. Born in Trinidad, McNish moved to Britain in the 1950s. She was associated with the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) in the 1960s, participating in CAM's exhibitions and seminars and helping to promote Caribbean arts to a British public. Her work is represented in the collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Whitworth Museum, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Museum of Domestic Design and Architecture and the Cooper-Hewitt (Smithsonian Design Museum), among other places. McNish was a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers. She was married to the jewellery designer John Weiss (21 June 1933 – 9 November 2018). Following McNish’s death in 2020, The McNish Trust assumed copyright proprietorship of her work.Background
<mask> <mask> was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad, around 1933. Her father, the writer Joseph Claude <mask>, was descended from the Merikin settlers in Trinidad. She painted as a child, helped with her mother's dressmaking business by doing sketches, was a junior member of the Trinidad Arts Society and had her first exhibition at the age of 16. Her influences included local artists Sybil Atteck, Amy Leong Pang and Boscoe Holder, and European modernists such as Vincent van Gogh. In 1951 McNish moved with her mother to London, England, to join her father there. She already had a place to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in Bedford Square but instead took courses at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts, the Central School of Arts and Crafts and the Royal College of Art. In her final year at the London School of Printing and Graphic Arts, she became interested in textiles with the encouragement of Eduardo Paolozzi, and chose printed textiles as her subject of study on progressing to the Royal College of Art, where her talent was recognised by Hugh Casson.On graduating, she immediately won a commission from Arthur Stewart-Liberty, head of the Liberty department store, sending her the same day by taxi to Zika Ascher, who commissioned her to design a collection for Dior. Successfully designing for such prestigious clients, <mask> was the first Caribbean woman to achieve prominence in this field. In 1966, McNish designed fabrics for the official wardrobe of Elizabeth II's during the Queen's visit to Trinidad. She took part in the art exhibitions of the Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM) held in 1967, May 1968 and January 1971, exhibiting textiles as well as "plastic panels in laminate". For the Caribbean edition of the BBC TV magazine programme Full House, produced by John La Rose and transmitted on 3 February 1973, she brought together the work of CAM visual artists as a studio setting for CAM writers, musicians and film-makers. More recently, her work — represented by three printed textiles from early in her career: Golden Harvest, Pomegranate and Fresco — was featured in the exhibition RCA Black: Past, Present & Future (31 August–6 September 2011), organised by the Royal College of Art in collaboration with the African and African-Caribbean Design Diaspora (AACDD) to celebrate art and design by African and African-Caribbean graduates. In 1969 she married John Weiss, architect, jeweller and historian, and worked in partnership with him from 1971.They were in conversation with John La Rose on 2 February 1999 as part of the "Life Experience With Britain" series held at New Beacon Books (other participants included Dennis Bovell, Gus John, Rev. Wilfred Wood, Aggrey Burke, Yvonne Brewster, and Alexis Rennie). At the time of Weiss's death in 2018, Jake Leith, former president of the Chartered Society of Designers, said: "John and <mask> were great ambassadors for the UK Fashion and Textile Design Sector." Notable designs
Most of McNish's designs are based on nature though some use abstract themes, occasionally geometric. One of her first designs to go into production, Golden Harvest in 1957, was a screen print on cotton satin, later manufactured by Hull Traders (for whom she also created eight other patterns), the design being based on an Essex wheatfield but using tropical colours. A number of her early designs including Tropic, a dress fabric printed on silk and produced by Zika Ascher in 1959, and  Gilia, a cotton furnishing fabric featuring tropical foliage in green and gold, produced by Hull Traders in 1961, are in the textile collection at the Victoria & Albert Museum. Also in 1959, for a commission by the Design Research Unit for the new SS Oriana, which was launched in November 1959 and was the last of the Orient Steam Navigation Company's ocean liners, she produced murals for two restaurants, Rayflower and Pineapples and pomegranates, laminated into Warerite plastic panels, a line later pursued by Perstorp Group.The 1960 modernisation of the interior of the Port of Spain General Hospital, Trinidad, by the architects Devereux and Davies, included murals by McNish. In 1997, reviewing the exhibition Transforming the Crown: African, Asian and Caribbean Artists in Britain, 1966–1996, in which McNish participated at the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, with other CAM artists, The New York Times reported that she "produces abstract, geometric fabric designs inspired by African motifs". In 2018 McNish was named in Architectural Digest as one of "Five Female Designers Who Changed History" (alongside Maija Isola, Norma Merrick Sklarek, Muriel Cooper, and Denise Scott Brown). McNish featured in the 2018 BBC Four documentary film Whoever Heard of a Black Artist? Britain's Hidden Art History, in which Brenda Emmanus followed Sonia Boyce and a team she led in preparing an exhibition at Manchester Art Gallery, focusing on artists of African and Asian descent who have played a part in shaping the history of British art. Selected exhibitions
Solo exhibitions
 2003: <mask> <mask>: My World of Colour: the international work and inspirations of a Black British Trinidadian textile designer. Ohio University, Athens, USA.1997: <mask> <mask>. Hockney Gallery, Royal College of Art, London. 1982: <mask> <mask>. People's Gallery, London. 1958: <mask> <mask>. Woodstock Gallery, London. Group exhibitions
 2019: Get Up, Stand Up Now.Somerset House, London. 2011: RCA Black. Royal College of Art, London. 2007: Trade and Empire: Remembering Slavery. Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester, Manchester. 1998: Six into One: Artists from the Caribbean. Morley Gallery, London.1997: Trinidad and Tobago Through the Eye of the Artist: From Cazabon to the New Millennium 1813–2000. Commonwealth Institute, London. Exhibition in celebration of the 35th anniversary of independence of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. 1997: Transforming the Crown: African, Asian & Caribbean Artists in Britain, 1966–1996. Caribbean Cultural Center, Studio Museum in Harlem, and Bronx Museum of the Arts, New York. 1996: Caribbean Connection 2: Island Pulse. Islington Arts Factory, London.1986: Make or Break. Henry Moore Gallery, London. 1982: Commonwealth Festival Exhibition. Brisbane, Australia. 1981: INDIGO '81 International Exhibition. Indigo, Lille, France. 1978: The Way We Live Now.Victoria & Albert Museum, London. 1978: Afro-Caribbean Art. Artists Market, London, organised by Drum Arts Centre. 1975: Caribbean Women Artists Exhibition. Olympia International Arts Centre, Kingston, Jamaica. 1971: Caribbean Artists in England. Commonwealth Institute, London.1968: Caribbean Artists Movement. Digby Stuart College, House of Commons of the United Kingdom and London School of Economics, London. 1967: Caribbean Artists Movement. Theatre Royal, Stratford. 1961: Paintings by Trinidad and Tobago Artists. Commonwealth Institute, London. Awards and accolades
 1976: Chaconia Medal (Gold), Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, "for long and meritorious service to art and design"
 1988: Scarlet Ibis Award, Trinidad and Tobago High Commission, London
 2006: Honorary Doctor of Fine Art, University of Trinidad and Tobago
 2008: Journalist Angela Cobbinah described her as "immediately influential, helping to establish new furnishing trends as well as inspire more adventurous fashion designers further down the line like Zandra Rhodes."2012: Jubilee Gala Award for Achievement in the Arts at the UK High Commission of Trinidad and Tobago, celebrating the 50th anniversary of independence. References

Further reading
 Roxy Harris and Sarah White (eds), Building Britannia: Life Experience With Britain: Dennis Bovell, Athea <mask>, Gus John, Rev. Wilfred Wood, Aggrey Burke, Yvonne Brewster, Alexis Rennie, New Beacon Books, 2009, . Christine Checinska (2009), "<mask> <mask> and the British-African Diaspora", Chapter 3 in Anne Massey, Alex Seago (eds), Pop Art and Design, Bloomsbury Publishing, pp. 73–81. Christine Checinska (March 2018), "Christine Checinska in Conversation with <mask> <mask> and John Weiss", Textile, Volume 16, Issue 2: Aesthetics of Blackness? Cloth, Culture and the African Diasporas, 16:2, 186–199.DOI: 10.1080/14759756.2018.1432183. External links

 "<mask> Marjorie McNISH" at Debrett's People of Today. "Dr. <mask> <mask> in conversation with John Weiss". Stuart Hall Library, InIVA, 2015. "Audio recordings of <mask> <mask> in conversation with John Weiss", InIVA, 5 May 2015. "Designer Desire: <mask> <mask>", H is for Home Harbinger, 18 August 2018. Angela Cobbinah, "Althea: the original material girl", Camden New Journal, 20 June 2019.Libby Sellers, "<mask> McNish", Maharam. 1924 births
2020 deaths
20th-century British women artists
Black British artists
British people of Trinidad and Tobago descent
British textile designers
Caribbean Artists Movement people
People from Port of Spain
Recipients of the Chaconia Medal
Afro–Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United Kingdom
Trinidad and Tobago people of American descent
Trinidad and Tobago women artists
Trinidad and Tobago artists

masks:
Althea McNish
Althea
Marjorie McNish
McNish
McNish
Althea
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea
McNish
Althea


title: William Tucker (settler)

texts:
<mask> (c. 16 May 1784 – December 1817) was a British convict, a sealer, a trader in human heads, an Otago settler, and New Zealand’s first art dealer. <mask> is the man who stole a preserved Māori head and started the retail trade in them. A document discovered in 2003 revealed his activities had no bearing on the war in the south and shows he was the first New Zealand art dealer, initially trading in human heads and secondarily in pounamu a variety of Nephrite jade. Background and childhood offence
He was baptised on 16 May 1784 at Portsea, Portsmouth, England, the son of Timothy and <mask>, people of humble rank. In 1798 <mask> and Thomas Butler shoplifted goods worth more than five shillings from a ‘Taylor’ <mask> or Wildey, and were convicted and sentenced to death. They were then reprieved and sentenced to seven years’ transportation to New South Wales. They left Portsmouth on  on 20 December 1798.The voyage was one of the worst in the history of transportation. ‘Jail Fever’ (typhus) raged through the ship, which lost 95 convicts before arriving at Sydney on 26 July 1799. It is not known where <mask> was assigned. Year of escape, flight and recapture
In January 1803, he and Anthony Rawson stowed away on Atlas, visiting China before reaching Deal in England on 13 December 1803. The stowaways were captured and sent under escort to Portsmouth to return to New South Wales on Experiment — many other returnees were hanged. They arrived back in Sydney on 24 June 1804. Emigration to New Zealand
In March 1805, shortly after his term expired, <mask> was advertised as shipping out on Governor King for the coast of New Zealand.She was one of the ships of Lord, Kable and Underwood, a group formed by Simeon Lord, Henry Kable, and James Underwood to exploit the sealing grounds at the Antipodes Islands to the south and east of New Zealand's South Island. She probably landed men at Dusky Sound on the South Island's south west coast. <mask> was probably later at the Antipodes Islands. There were virtually no Europeans living ashore in New Zealand and Māori still lived much as they had for centuries. Maori society was tribal and based on the maintenance of honour, war being recurrent and often fought to get revenge, or 'utu', for an insult. The Māori had developed tattooing and moko to a greater extent than any other society and high born males wore full facial adornment unique to the individual. Some Māori preserved the heads of enemies and loved ones.These relics had interested the first European visitors, as had their carved jade ornaments. <mask> may have left Sydney for England in 1807 in Sydney Cove whose command was taken over by Daniel Cooper en route. If so, he would have returned to New South Wales either in her, or Unity, Cooper's next command. In April 1809, he was advertised to leave Sydney in the Pegasus. Instead, he left on Brothers, a ship chartered by Robert Campbell and probably intended for the Solander Islands in Foveaux Strait, between New Zealand's South Island and Stewart Island. In early November, he was one of eleven men landed at the ‘Isle of Wight’ and ‘Ragged Rock’ on what is now the Dunedin coast on the South Island's southeast coast. When Captain Mason returned to Port Daniel, now called Otago Harbour, on 3 May 1810, he found only <mask> and Daniel Wilson.<mask> was sent to look for the missing men first on the Isle of Wight and then to ‘Ragged Point’, apparently the headland on Stewart Island at the western entrance to Foveaux Strait. It was probably then he stole a preserved Māori head, whose owners, discovering the loss, pursued the departing sealers. When they failed to find the missing men, <mask> rejoined Brothers at Otago Harbour and returned with her to Sydney on 14 July 1810. Later that year, at Otago Harbour, a Māori chief's theft of a red shirt and knife from a man who disembarked from Sydney Cove started a rolling feud which soon took the lives of some of Brothers’ missing men and soured Māori/Pākehā relations in the south. It was called The Sealers' War, also 'The War of the Shirt’, and continued until 1823. Start of trade with Australia
<mask> left Sydney again on Aurora, on 19 September 1810 for the newly discovered Macquarie Island far to the south of New Zealand. At Campbell Island in early November, the location of Macquarie was obtained by bribing one of Campbell and Co's men.Aurora landed a gang at Macquarie that would have included <mask>. She left, returned, and brought her gang back to Sydney on 19 May 1811. It was presumably shortly after this that <mask> offered the Māori head for sale, inaugurating their retail trade and earning him the condemnation of ‘Candor’ in the Sydney Gazette, which called him ‘a wild fellow’ and a 'villain'. He then spent time ashore, where, by August 1812, he was a labourer living with old shipmates in poor lodgings in Phillips Street. On 21 August he and <mask> stole a woman's fancy silk cloak, for which they were convicted in November, sentenced to a year's hard labour, and sent to Newcastle. By October–November 1814, he had left New South Wales, perhaps for Tasmania. In 1815, he returned to Otago, perhaps in Governor Bligh, and took up residence at Whareakeake, later called Murdering Beach, a little to the north of Otago Heads.There he built a house and lived for a time with a Māori woman, keeping goats and sheep. There were no children. The site has long been known for its large quantities of worked greenstone, called pounamu in Māori, a variety of Nephrite jade. This took the form of adzes worked with iron tools into pendants, or hei-tiki. Archaeologists have identified these as being produced for a European export trade. An 1819 editorial in the Sydney Gazette described the trade, saying it was carried on by ‘groupes of sealers’. It seems clear this was part of <mask>'s enterprise.Māori called him ‘Taka’ adapting his surname, also ‘Wioree’, perhaps from the diminutive of his first name ‘Willy’. More formally and inaccurately, he was also styled ‘<mask>’. Final voyage
He left, went to Hobart and returned on Sophia with Captain James Kelly, bringing other European settlers, according to Māori sources. The Sophia anchored in Otago Harbour on 11 December 1817. ‘Taka’ was welcomed by Māori of the harbourside settlement, but unknown to the visitors, the chief Korako, father of Te Matenga Taiaroa, refused to ferry across Māori from the north, Whareakeake, who had come to see <mask> and receive presents. When Kelly, <mask>, and five others took a longboat to Whareakeake a few days later, they were at first welcomed. But while <mask> was absent in his house, the Māori attacked the others.Veto Viole and John Griffiths were killed, but Kelly escaped back to the longboat, as did <mask>. He lingered in the surf, calling on Māori not to hurt Wioree, but was speared and knocked down. He called ‘Captain Kelly for God’s sake don’t leave me,’ before being killed. Kelly saw him ‘cut limb from limb and carried away by the savages!’ <mask>'s killer was Riri, acting on chief Te Matahaere's orders. Taiaroa allegedly killed the others. All the dead were eaten. A Māori source gave the immediate cause as dissatisfaction at not having the first opportunity to receive <mask>'s gifts, but it was also said it was an unhappy consequence of the theft of the shirt in 1810 and its owner's savage reaction.This dramatic death was reported in Australian newspapers. Epilogue
Returning to his ship in the harbour, Kelly took revenge, by his account killing some Māori, destroying canoes, and firing ‘the beautiful City of Otago’, a harbourside settlement, probably on Te Rauone beach near modern Otakou. <mask> has been remembered for stealing the head and inaugurating the controversial trade. It was banned in New South Wales in 1831, but continued anyway. Ten were sold by a single Māori vendor later in the 1830s, apparently at Otago. The theft inspired Shena Mackay's 1993 novel Dunedin reflecting his role as a minor legend. However, the Creed manuscript, written by the Reverend Charles Creed in the 1840s recording the information of two Maori informants and discovered in 2003, shows <mask> in a new light.His theft was not responsible for the war in the south; he was generally liked by Māori and welcomed as a settler. In fact, he was the first European to settle in what is now the city of Dunedin, as distinct from sojourning, jumping ship or being held as a captive. While his inauguration of the trade in heads has been condemned even by his own countrymen, since that time his fostering of the trade in tiki has revealed him as an enterprising art dealer, in fact New Zealand's first. See also
List of convicts transported to Australia

References

 Beattie, James Herries, Traditional Lifeways of the Southern Maori University of Otago Press in association with Otago Museum, Dunedin, 1994 (1995). Beattie, James Herries, 'Traditions and Legends Collected from the Natives of Murihiku (Southland, New Zealand)' in Journal of the Polynesian Society Vol. XXVII, 115, September 1920, part XII. Buck, Sir Peter, The Coming of the Maori, Whitcombe and Tombs, 1949, (1974).Clune, Frank, Bound for Botany Bay, Narrative of a Voyage in 1798 Aboard the Death Ship Hillsborough, Angus and Robertson, Sydney, 1964. De Blosseville, Jules, 'Essai sur les Moeurs et les Coutumes des habitans de la Partie Meridionale de Tavai-Poenammou', in Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, de la Geographie et de l'Histoire, Tome XXIX, M.M.J.B. Eyries et Malte-Brun, Paris, 1826, pp. 161-172. Hamel, Jill, The Archaeology of Otago, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 2001. Mackay, Shena, Dunedin, Moyer Bell, Wakefield, Rhode Island, 1993. McNab, Robert, Murihiku, Whitcombe & Tombs, Wellington, 1909.Skinner, H.D., The Maori Hei-Tiki, second edition, Otago Museum, Dunedin, 1966. 1784 births
1817 deaths
Convicts transported to Australia
Settlers of Otago
Sealers

masks:
William Tucker
Tucker
Elizabeth Tucker
Tucker
William Wilday
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Edward Williams
Tucker
Captain Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker


title: Jeffrey Steele

texts:
<mask> (born August 27, 1961), known as <mask>, is an American country music singer and songwriter. Along with recording his own material, <mask> has become a prolific Nashville songwriter, having co-written more than 60 hit songs for such artists as Montgomery Gentry, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, Rascal Flatts, Billy Ray Cyrus, and others. Between 1990 and 1996, <mask> was the lead singer and bass guitarist in the country music band Boy Howdy, which recorded two albums and an EP on Curb Records, in addition to charting seven singles on the Billboard country music charts. After Boy Howdy disbanded, <mask> embarked on a solo career, recording seven studio albums (one of which was not released). He also charted four singles as a solo artist, with the highest-peaking ("Somethin' in the Water") reaching No. 33 on the country charts in 2001. Biography
<mask> was born in Burbank, California to a musical family.His mother was a singer, and his father had aspirations to become a country music songwriter. He first gained his own interest in music at age eight, when he sang Three Dog Night's "Joy to the World" at a church function. This rendition earned him a standing ovation, so he sang the song an additional seven times. Later, he shifted his focus to songwriting. By age 17, he was performing with local groups, and playing keyboards at various gigs on the Sunset Strip in Los Angeles. In 1987, after the death of his father, LeVasseur changed his last name to <mask> as a tribute to his father, who processed steel for a living. Boy Howdy

In 1990, <mask> and three other California musicians – Hugh Wright, along with brothers Cary and Larry Park – formed the band Boy Howdy, in which he served as lead vocalist and bass guitarist.<mask> wrote a song, 'When Johnny Comes Marching Home' about the returning veterans from the Gulf war, Curb signed Boy Howdy but made them change their group name to 'New Frontier'  they went to appear on 'Nashville Now'  hosted by Ralph Emery who liked the band name Boy Howdy this helped convince Curb records to let them keep the Boy Howdy name. The war ended so soon that the single was never released. Boy Howdy signed to Curb Records in 1992, recording three albums and an EP for the label, in addition to charting seven singles on the country music charts. While in Boy Howdy, <mask> was named Best Bassist and Best Male Vocalist by the California Country Music Association. As the band's primary songwriter, he also earned BMI awards for co-writing their highest-charting singles, "She'd Give Anything" and "They Don't Make 'Em Like That Anymore". Solo career and success as songwriter
<mask> re-located to Nashville, Tennessee in 1994, two years before Boy Howdy disbanded. In 1996, he released three solo singles, as well as a self-titled solo album which was never shipped.<mask> was eventually signed to a songwriting contract, however, and he began writing singles for other artists. Among his first hits as a songwriter were "If You Love Somebody" by Kevin Sharp, "Unbelievable" by Diamond Rio, and "Big Deal" by LeAnn Rimes, all three of which earned him additional BMI awards. He also sang backing vocals on Sharp's first two albums. In 2001, <mask> was signed to his second solo recording contract, this time with Monument Records. His solo debut album, Somethin' in the Water, was issued late that year. In addition to producing the album, <mask> wrote or co-wrote every song on it. The album's title cut reached a peak of No.33 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, becoming <mask>'s only Top 40 hit as a solo artist. Meanwhile, he continued to write songs for other artists, with Faith Hill, Tim McGraw, Trace Adkins, and Montgomery Gentry all recording songs he had co-written. <mask> earned his first Number One song with Tim McGraw's "The Cowboy in Me" in 2002. In addition, Rascal Flatts reached Number One on the country charts in late 2002 with "These Days", their first Number One single. <mask> also continued to record studio albums even while writing hits for other artists; his albums Gold, Platinum, Chrome and Steele and You Gotta Start Somewhere were both released in 2003, the same year that he was named Songwriter of the Year by both BMI and the Nashville Songwriters Association International (NSAI). 2004 saw the release of his fourth studio album, Outlaw, on the Lofton Creek Records label. By 2005, more than sixty of his songs had become chart hits for other artists; that same year, he received a second Songwriter of the Year award from the NSAI.His most successful single as a songwriter is "What Hurts the Most", co-written with English songwriter Steve Robson. The song was a Number One single on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts for Rascal Flatts in 2006, and was also a chart single for Cascada in 2007. Another one of <mask>'s compositions, Steve Holy's Number One single "Brand New Girlfriend", earned him yet another BMI award in 2006, as well as the Rascal Flatts hit "My Wish" just as <mask> released his album, Hell on Wheels. "What Hurts the Most" would later earn him the Songwriter of the Year and Song of the Year awards from BMI, as well as the Songwriter of the Year award from MusicRow magazine. <mask> has since released two other albums, his second greatest hits record "Gold, Platinum, No Chrome, and More Steele" was released in 2007 and his country classics tribute album "Countrypolitan" which was released in 2008. <mask> also produced Keith Anderson's two studio albums: 2005's Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll and 2008's C'mon!, as well as Montgomery Gentry's 2004 album You Do Your Thing and 2006 album Some People Change In 2016 "Chasing Down a Good Time" <mask> co-wrote with Anthony Smith by Randy Houser. In April 2008, <mask> joined Jewel and John Rich of Big & Rich as judges on the talent show Nashville Star.<mask> has also guest hosted for Bob Kingsley twice on the radio show Bob Kingsley's Country Top 40, a weekly radio countdown show based on the Mediabase country charts: for the weeks of September 13–14, 2008 and October 3–4, 2009. In September 2008, The Country Music Hall of Fame honored <mask> as a Poet & Prophet in the Hall of Fame's quarterly series. In 1996, he was nominated for Best Country Instrumental Performance at the Grammy Awards. In 2006, he was nominated for Best Country Song at the Grammy Awards. In 2014, he was nominated for Best Country Song at the Grammy Awards. <mask> signed a deal with Best Buy to release 3 of his albums November 18, 2008: "Hell On Wheels", "Gold, Platinum, No Chrome, and More Steele: Greatest Hits Vol. II", and "Countrypolitan"

<mask> also co-wrote the song "I Thought I Lost You" with Miley Cyrus for the 2008 Disney animated film Bolt, which Cyrus sings as a duet with John Travolta.Discography

Albums

Singles

Notes
A^ "My Greatest Love" peaked at number 90 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada. Music videos

Songs written by <mask>

References

External links
 Official site
 Radio Interview with <mask>

1961 births
American country bass guitarists
American country singer-songwriters
Living people
Musicians from Burbank, California
Monument Records artists
Lofton Creek Records artists
Singer-songwriters from California
Guitarists from California
American male bass guitarists
20th-century American bass guitarists
Country musicians from California
20th-century American male musicians
American male singer-songwriters

masks:
Jeffrey LeVasseur
Jeffrey Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Jeffrey LeVasseur
Steele
Steele
Jeffrey Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Steele
Jeffrey Steele
Jeffrey Steele


title: Reinhold Kubik

texts:
<mask> (born 22 March 1942, Vienna) is an Austrian musicologist, pianist and conductor. Biography
From 1966 to 1974, Kubik worked as a repetiteur, coach, and Kapellmeister at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf and Duisburg. From 1974 to 1980, Kubik did research for a PhD on Handel's Rinaldo at Erlangen. He has also been a pianist, composer, choir director and lecturer. <mask> was editor-in-chief of Hänssler Verlag and has worked at Universal Edition Wien. He taught at the University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna, in Nuremberg, Karlsruhe, London, and at Yale University. Kubik is married to the Baroque scholar, singer and dance pedagogue Margit Legler.Legler and <mask> have jointly written about and presented productions related to Baroque music, dance, and theatre. IGMG tenure
From 1993 to 2012, <mask> was editor-in-chief of the Critical Complete Edition of the Works of Gustav Mahler and vice president of the Internationale Gustav Mahler Gesellschaft (IGMG; International Gustav Mahler Society). Several controversial episodes ensued over editions of Mahler's Symphony No. 1 and Symphony No. 6 issued during his tenure. Symphony No. 1
In the IGMG edition of the Symphony No.1 edited by Sander Wilkens (1992, revised 1995), Wilkens had stated that the 3rd-movement double bass solo was instead meant for the full unison double bass section of the orchestra to perform, rather than by a solo double bass player, in contraindication to past published manuscripts and performance traditions. This statement occasioned criticism for Wilkens' inaccurate reading of the manuscripts, to the point where <mask> later repudiated Wilkens' misreading of the double bass solo:

 "However, assigning the new edition of the First Symphony to Sander Wilkens unfortunately proved to be a mistake. His confused arguments in support of the claim that the famous double bass solo at the beginning of the third movement was a solo for the whole group rather than for a single player   contradicted the sources and surviving reports of performances under Mahler’s direction, and exposed the Critical Edition to ridicule from all Mahler researchers"

Symphony No. 6
With respect to the Symphony No. 6, Kubik presided over the 2010 edition published by the IGMG, which featured the inner movements in the order Andante-Scherzo. Kubik had earlier declared in print in 2004:

 "As the current Chief Editor of the Complete Critical Edition, I declare the official position of the institution I represent is that the correct order of the middle movements of Mahler's Sixth Symphony is Andante-Scherzo." This statement has received criticism for multiple reasons, which include:
(a) its blanket dismissal of the original score with the Scherzo/Andante order,
(b) its expression of a personal preference without documentary evidence and based on subjective animus related to the Alma Problem,
(c) for imposing an advance bias instead of presenting objectively, without preconceived bias, the two options of Scherzo/Andante and Andante/Scherzo.Mahler scholar and biographer Henry-Louis de la Grange has written about <mask>'s judgment:

 "The fact that the initial order had the composer's stamp of approval for two whole years prior to the premiere argues for further performances in that form... It is far more likely ten years after Mahler's death and with a much clearer perspective on his life and career, Alma would have sought to be faithful to his artistic intentions. Thus, her telegram of 1919 still remains a strong argument today in favour of Mahler's original order...it is stretching the bounds of both language and reason to describe [Andante-Scherzo] as the "only correct" one. Mahler's Sixth Symphony, like many other compositions in the repertory, will always remain a "dual-version" work, but few of the others have attracted quite as much controversy." Music writer David Hurwitz has likewise written on Kubik's subjective bias towards a single choice, instead of granting performers latitude to make their own choice without advance bias:

 "...the responsible thing to do in revisiting the need for a new Critical Edition would be to set out all of the arguments on each side, and then take no position. Let the performers decide, and admit frankly that if the criterion for making a decision regarding the correct order of the inner movements must be what Mahler himself ultimately wanted, then no final answer is possible. This is the only honest approach, and it would be no different than what many of the better Critical Editions do — consider for example Philip Gossett’s editions of Rossini and Verdi operas, which attempt to present all significant, legitimate variant readings to the performer as long as they originate with the composer (or have his express sanction)...

 "The danger in making the sort of dubious claims to definitiveness that we find in the current edition lies not just in the fact that to do so is simply bad scholarship; it also fails to take into account the practical reality that many busy performers today likely will accept these specious arguments without qualms."It falls to a Critical Edition, then, to encourage interpreters to come to a work without preconceptions, and to offer a clean text alongside a fair assessment of the various interpretive options that the composer left open to posterity." Hurwitz also notes <mask>'s dismissal of the existence of the original version in the pronouncement:

 "...scholars rightly often give particular weight to a composer’s original conception, especially if it can be shown that later alterations resulted from extraneous or non‐musical considerations and circumstances. This is arguably the case here. It explains why <mask>’s preface contains repeated, and to be frank strikingly defensive, assertions concerning the definitiveness of Mahler’s intentions in placing the Andante second. 'Mahler never played the symphony any other way,' they remind us, over and over, as if the sheer weight of irrelevant historical detail that they have accumulated concerning the three performances that Mahler actually conducted will enhance its value and make us forget the simple truth regarding the work's actual performance history. Accordingly, not a word of the rhetorical smokescreen that Kubik works so hard to erect makes the slightest impact on the fact that there are very strong reasons for preferring Mahler's original movement order on purely formal grounds. Accordingly, it pays to consider the issue from this perspective as well, even if <mask> and his team will not because it's an argument they cannot win (and they probably know it)."Publications
 Helmut Brenner, <mask> <mask>: Mahlers Menschen. Freunde und Weggefährten. Residenz-Verlag, St. Pölten/Salzburg/Wien 2014, . Händels Rinaldo. Geschichte, Werk, Wirkung. Hänssler, Neuhausen-Stuttgart 1982, . References

External links

 <mask> <mask> beim Residenz Verlag
 Bach Cantatas biography page on <mask> <mask>

1942 births
Living people
Musicians from Vienna
Austrian musicologists
20th-century musicologists
21st-century musicologists

masks:
Reinhold Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Kubik
Reinhold
Kubik
Reinhold
Kubik
Reinhold
Kubik


title: Taika Waititi

texts:
<mask>  (born 16 August 1975), known professionally as <mask> , is a New Zealand filmmaker, actor, and comedian. He is a recipient of an Academy Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Grammy Award, and has received two nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards. His feature films Boy (2010) and Hunt for the Wilderpeople (2016) have each been the top-grossing New Zealand film. <mask>'s 2003 short film Two Cars, One Night earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Live Action Short Film. He co-wrote, co-directed and starred in the horror comedy film What We Do in the Shadows (2014) with Jemaine Clement, which was adapted into a television series of the same name (2019–present). The series has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series. His most recent directing credits include the superhero film Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and the black comedy film Jojo Rabbit (2019), the latter of which he also wrote and starred in as an imaginary version of Adolf Hitler.Jojo Rabbit received six Academy Award nominations and won for Best Adapted Screenplay. Waititi also earned a Grammy Award for producing the film's soundtrack. In addition to directing an episode of the television series The Mandalorian (2019–present), he also voices the character IG-11, for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Early life

<mask> David Cohen was born on 16 August 1975 in Raukokore in the Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand's North Island, and grew up in both the East Coast and the Aro Valley of Wellington. His father was an artist of Te Whānau-ā-Apanui descent, whilst his mother, Robin Cohen, is a schoolteacher. Waititi stated that his mother's family were Russian Jews "mixed with a bit of Irish" and other European ancestry, while his father's side was "Māori and a little bit of French Canadian". Waititi describes himself as a "Polynesian Jew", although he has stated that he never grew up in an "actively practising Jewish household".Waititi's parents split up when he was around five, and he was raised primarily by his mother. He attended Onslow College, then studied theatre at Victoria University of Wellington where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1997. He originally used his mother's surname, Cohen, for his work in film and writing, and his father's, Waititi, for visual arts endeavours. Following the success of his first short film, he continued to use Waititi professionally. Career

Early career
While a student at Victoria University, Waititi was part of the five-member ensemble So You're a Man, which toured New Zealand and Australia with some success. He was half of the comedy duo The Humourbeasts alongside Jemaine Clement, which received New Zealand's highest comedy accolade, the Billy T Award, in 1999. Among a variety of artistic interests, Waititi began making comical short films for New Zealand's annual 48-hour film contest.His short film Two Cars, One Night (2003) earned him an Academy Award nomination in 2005. At the awards ceremony, he famously feigned falling asleep as the nominations were being read. His first feature film, a romantic comedy called Eagle vs Shark, was released in U.S. theatres for limited distribution in 2007. It stars Waititi's then-real-life partner, Loren Horsley. That year, <mask> wrote and directed one episode of the TV show Flight of the Conchords and directed another. His second feature, Boy, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2010, and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. <mask> also took one of the main roles, as the ex-con father who returns to his family.On its release in New Zealand, Boy received enthusiastic reviews and was successful at the local box office, eclipsing several records. Following the film's success, Waititi hoped its signature track, "Poi E", would get to #1 (for the second time) on the New Zealand charts. It reached #3, but became #1 on iTunes. In 2011, Waititi directed New Zealand TV series Super City starring Madeleine Sami, who plays five characters living in one city. That year, Waititi portrayed Thomas Kalmaku in the superhero film Green Lantern. 2013–2019: Recognition

In 2013, <mask> co-wrote, co-directed and acted in the vampire comedy mockumentary What We Do in the Shadows with Clement. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2014.<mask> and Clement played members of a group of vampires who live in an appropriately gothic house in modern-day Wellington. A television adaptation of the film was commissioned in May 2018, with Waititi as an executive producer and director. The series of the same name premiered on FX in March 2019; its second season received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series. Waititi's fourth feature, Hunt for the Wilderpeople, premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival. When it was released in New Zealand, the comedy adventure broke Waititi's own record for a New Zealand film in its opening weekend. Based on a book by Barry Crump, it centres on a young boy (played by Julian Dennison) and a grumpy man (played by Sam Neill) on the run in the forest. Waititi wrote the initial screenplay for the 2016 Disney film Moana, which focused on gender and family.Those elements were passed over in favour of what became the final story. In 2017, <mask> won the award for New Zealander of the Year, but was unable to receive it in person due to work commitments. That year, he directed his first major studio film, Marvel Studios's Thor: Ragnarok, which was released in October. He also portrayed Korg, a Kronan, via motion capture in the film. He had previously directed a short film series for Marvel called Team Thor, chronicling the lives of Thor and his roommate, Darryl Jacobson. Thor: Ragnarok earned critical praise and was successful at the box office. <mask> was later consulted by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely on Thor's storylines for Avengers: Infinity War, to maintain the character's consistency in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.In 2019, Waititi wrote and directed Jojo Rabbit, based on the book Caging Skies by Christine Leunens, the 1940s-set story of a child in the Hitler Youth whose mother is secretly hiding a Jewish girl in their home. <mask> plays Adolf Hitler as the boy's imaginary friend. Waititi received Academy Award nominations for Best Picture and Best Adapted Screenplay. He won the latter, making him the first person of Māori descent to win an Academy Award in a screenplay category, and the first indigenous person to be nominated for and win Best Adapted Screenplay. In 2021 he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media as a producer of the Jojo Rabbit soundtrack. In October 2018, Lucasfilm announced that <mask> would be one of the directors of the Star Wars live-action streaming series The Mandalorian, which tells the story of a lone Mandalorian gunfighter in the period between the events of Return of the Jedi and The Force Awakens. The series premiered on 12 November 2019; Waititi also voices a droid bounty hunter named IG-11 in the series.He directed the series' first-season finale, "Chapter 8: Redemption". His voiceover work earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance in 2020. 2020–present: Recent career
In 2020, Waititi narrated a charity reading of James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl. He portrayed Ratcatcher in the DC superhero film The Suicide Squad, released in August 2021 to positive reviews. Also in August, Waititi portrayed Antwan Hovachelik, the antagonist of the action comedy film Free Guy. Waititi co-created the comedy series Reservation Dogs, which chronicles the lives of a group of indigenous Oklahoma teens, and comprises a main cast, directors, producers, and writers of indigenous peoples. It premiered on FX to positive reviews.<mask> is executive producing and starring as Blackbeard in the HBO Max comedy series Our Flag Means Death. It is scheduled to release in March 2022. He wrote and directed the superhero film Thor: Love and Thunder, a sequel to Thor: Ragnarok. Principal photography finished in June 2021; it is scheduled for a July 2022 release. <mask> is set to direct a feature film adaptation of the documentary Next Goal Wins and a live-action film adaptation of Akira. He is slated to co-write a sequel to What We Do in the Shadows, titled We're Wolves, and direct and co-write a live-action Star Wars film. <mask> is attached to write, direct and executive produce two animated series for Netflix based on Roald Dahl's children's novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and its sequel, one adapting the novels and the other focused on the novel's Oompa Loompa characters.He is set to executive produce and direct the Showtime limited series The Auteur. He is slated to write and direct a film based on Flash Gordon for 20th Century Studios. In November 2021, it was announced that Waititi would adapt The Incal into a feature film. Personal life
<mask> married New Zealand film producer Chelsea Winstanley in 2011. They have two daughters. He and Winstanley separated in 2018. Since 2021, Waititi has been in a relationship with British singer Rita Ora.Waititi incorporates his Māori heritage into his projects, such as by including "Indigenous attachments" and conducting a Welcome to Country ceremony during the start of filming. He is an executive producer of the New Zealand films The Breaker Upperers (2018), Baby Done (2020), and Night Raiders (2021), all directed by Māori or indigenous filmmakers. Filmography

Feature film

Executive producer
 The Breaker Upperers (2018)
 Baby Done (2020)
 Night Raiders (2021)

Short films

Acting roles

Other works

Television

Acting roles

Music videos

 "Ladies of the World", Flight of the Conchords (2007)
 "Mutha'uckas", Flight of the Conchords (2007)
 "Leggy Blonde", Flight of the Conchords (2007)
 "Shanks’ Pony", Age Pryor (2007)
 "Bright Grey", The Phoenix Foundation (2007)
 "My Imminent Demise", Luke Buda (2008)
 "40 Years", The Phoenix Foundation (2009)
 "World Gone Sour (The Lost Kids)", Method Man (2011)
 “My Sweet Lord”, George Harrison (2021)

Commercials

<mask> has also been a prolific commercial director. He directed Air New Zealand's "The Most Epic Safety Video Ever Made" featuring Peter Jackson and Elijah Wood as they go through where The Lord of the Rings films were shot. The commercial went viral amassing over 19 million views on YouTube. <mask> directed Tesco's "Borg," which features a comical Thor-esque character shopping in the supermarket; he went on to direct Marvel Studios' Thor: Ragnarok years later. "Friends Reunited", Friends Reunited (2008)
 "Moussaka Rap", Pot Noodle (2008)
 "I Wish (That Girls Were More Like Pot Noodles)", Pot Noodle (2008)
 "Back with no Appetite", Pot Noodle (2008)
 "World Gone Sour (The Lost Kids)", Sour Patch Kids (2011)
 "Simply The Best", Cadbury Dairy Milk (2011)
 "Gold", Wispa (2011)
 "Superbowl Brotherhood of Man", NBC (2012)
 "Pure", Steinlager (2012)
 "New Girl", Old Navy (2012)
 "Why Choose?", Old Navy (2012)
 "Bee Bots! In 2005, Waititi received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for the short film Two Cars, One Night (2004). In 2019, he released the comedy-drama film Jojo Rabbit, which was met with critical acclaim and earned him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and nominations for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the Golden Globe Award for Best Musical or Comedy Film and the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing in a Feature Film. For the soundtrack of the film, he won the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media. Since 2019, he has written and produced the television series What We Do in the Shadows, based on the 2014 film of the same name, for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series and the Writers Guild of America Award for Best New Series. In the 2020 Queen's Birthday Honours, Waititi was appointed an Officer of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film. References

External links

1975 births
21st-century New Zealand writers
21st-century New Zealand male actors
21st-century screenwriters
Audiobook narrators
Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners
Best Adapted Screenplay BAFTA Award winners
Best Screenplay AACTA International Award winners
English-language film directors
Fantasy film directors
Grammy Award winners
Horror film directors
Indigenous filmmakers in New Zealand
Jewish film people
Jewish writers
Living people
Male motion capture actors
New Zealand comedians
New Zealand film directors
New Zealand Jews
New Zealand male comedians
New Zealand male Māori actors
New Zealand male voice actors
New Zealand people of Canadian descent
New Zealand people of French descent
New Zealand people of Irish descent
New Zealand people of Russian-Jewish descent
New Zealand screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Officers of the New Zealand Order of Merit
People educated at Onslow College
People from the Bay of Plenty Region
Science fiction fans
Science fiction film directors
Te Whānau-ā-Apanui
Victoria University of Wellington alumni

masks:
Taika David Cohen
Taika Waititi
Waititi
Taika
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi
Waititi


title: Rodica Ojog-Brașoveanu

texts:
<mask> (28 August 1939 – 2 December 2002) was a Romanian writer. She was dubbed the "Agatha Christie of Romania", her works consisting mainly of detective novels and short stories. Biography
Daughter of Ana and Victor Ojog, Rodica Ojog-Brașoveanu was born into a family of wealthy intellectuals. Her mother was a teacher, while her father was a lawyer and member of the Liberal Party. Enrolled at the age of six at the "Le Maison du Français" school, Ojog-Brașoveanu revealed a taste and remarkable talent for the French language, to which she will remain deeply attached for the rest of her life. She started her secondary education in 1948 at the "Domnița Ileana" High School (now known as the Mihai Eminescu National College), and upon graduating went on to study Law at the University of Bucharest. However, in 1956, she was expelled and arrested on a political basis, accused of supporting the anti-communist revolt in Budapest.She would only be readmitted in 1962, following a year of unqualified work in a factory. In 1963, she married actor Cosma Brașoveanu and resumed her Law studies, this time in Iași, which she finally finished in 1967, at the University of Bucharest. From 1968, she began working as a lawyer. Ojog-Brașoveanu died in 2002, as a result of severe lung problems. Works

Her novels
After her debut in 1969 with a television scenario, Ojog-Brașoveanu started writing on her husband's demands. Her first detective novel, Moartea semnează indescifrabil (Death Has an Indecipherable Signature), was published in 1971 at the Albatros Publishing House. Following the success of this novel, Ojog-Brașoveanu decided to quit her job as a lawyer and dedicate herself completely to writing.Her works are much appreciated for their humor, irony and atypical characters, and in particular, her fine and amusing descriptions of the Romanian society (regardless of the time of action), as well as the alert pace of her narrative. None of her novels have been translated into other languages. Famous characters
Ojog-Brașoveanu's most well-known character is undoubtedly Melania Lupu, a mischievous old lady, half-detective half-criminal, to whom the author gives an unusual confidant – her cat, Mirciulică. Her other well-known character is Minerva Tutovan, a former math teacher turned commissioner, particularly rigorous in her investigations and with a remarkable talent for disguises. She has her dog Spiridon as a companion, but works especially with the young inspector Dobrescu, who is also one of her former students. Influences
Ojog-Brașoveanu's favourite authors include Edgard Wallace, Georges Simenon, Karl May, and among Romanian ones, Theodor Constantin and Haralamb Zinca. Critics dubbed her the "Agatha Christie of Romania", with the British novelist being one of her most obvious sources of inspiration for her books.In addition, like the British author, Ojog-Brasoveanu was able to live on just her writings throughout her life, her novels selling in tremendous numbers. (Good evening, Melania!)


title: Billy Childish

texts:
<mask> (born Steven John Hamper, 1 December 1959) is an English painter, author, poet, photographer, film maker, singer and guitarist. Since the late 1970s, <mask> has been prolific in creating music, writing and visual art. He has led and played in bands including the Pop Rivets, Thee Milkshakes, Thee Headcoats, and the Musicians of the British Empire, primarily working in the genres of garage rock, punk and surf and releasing more than 100 albums. He is a consistent advocate for amateurism and free emotional expression. <mask> co-founded the Stuckism art movement with Charles Thomson in 1999, which he left in 2001. Since then a new evaluation of <mask>'s standing in the art world has been under way, culminating with the publication of a critical study of <mask>'s working practice by the artist and writer Neal Brown, with an introduction by Peter Doig, which describes <mask> as "one of the most outstanding, and often misunderstood, figures on the British art scene". He is a visiting lecturer at Rochester Independent College.In July 2014 <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Arts Degree from the University of Kent. He is known for his explicit and prolific work – he has detailed his love life and childhood sexual abuse, notably in his early poetry and the novels My Fault (1996), Notebooks of a Naked Youth (1997), Sex Crimes of the Futcher (2004) – The Idiocy of Idears (2007), and in several of his songs, notably in the instrumental "Paedophile" (1992) (featuring a photograph of the man who sexually abused him on the front cover) and "Every Bit of Me" (1993). From 1981 until 1985 <mask> had a relationship with artist Tracey Emin. Thirty years after <mask>'s first musical releases with Thee Milkshakes and Thee Mighty Caesars, a crop of lo-fi, surf rock and punk groups with psychedelic subtexts has surfaced referencing the aesthetic established by <mask> in both their band names and in various aspects of their sonic aesthetic: Thee Oh Sees, Thee Open Sex, Thee Tsunamis, Thee Dang Dangs and many others. Background

<mask> was born, lives and works in Chatham, Kent, England. He has described his father, John Hamper, as a "complex, sociopathic narcissist": Hamper was jailed during <mask>'s teenage years for drug smuggling. Although he had an early and close association with many of the artists who became known as "YBA" artists he has resolutely asserted his independent status.He was sexually abused when he was aged nine by a male family friend: "We were on holiday. I had to share a bed with him. It happened for several nights, then I refused to go near him. I didn't tell anyone". He left secondary school at 16, an undiagnosed dyslexic. Refused an interview at the local art college, he entered Chatham Dockyard, Kent, as an apprentice stonemason. During the next six months (the artist’s only prolonged period of conventional employment), he produced some 600 drawings in "the tea huts of hell".On the basis of this work he was accepted into Saint Martin's School of Art, where he was friends with the artist Peter Doig, to study painting. However, his acceptance was short-lived and he was expelled in 1982 before completing the course. He then lived on the dole for 15 years. In 2006 <mask> turned down the offer to appear on Channel 4's Celebrity Big Brother. <mask> has practised yoga and meditation since the early 1990s. Painting

As a prospective student lacking the necessary entry qualifications, <mask> was accepted into art school four times on the strength of his paintings and drawings. He did a foundation year at Medway College of Design (now the University for the Creative Arts) in 1977–78, and was then accepted onto the painting department of Saint Martin's School of Art in 1978, before quitting a month later.He was re-accepted at St Martins in 1980, but was expelled in 1982 for refusing to paint in the art school and other unruly behaviour. At Saint Martin's, <mask> became friends with Peter Doig with whom he shared an appreciation of Munch, Van Gogh and blues music. Doig later co-curated <mask>'s first London show at the Cubit Street Gallery. In the early/mid 1980s <mask> was a "major influence" on the artist Tracey Emin, whom he met after his expulsion from Saint Martin's when she was a fashion student at Medway College of Design. <mask> has been cited as the influence for Emin's later confessional art. <mask> has exhibited extensively since the 1980s, and was featured in the British Art Show in 2000. In 2010, a major exhibition of <mask>'s paintings, writing and music was held at The ICA London, with a concurrent painting show running at White Columns Gallery in New York.In October 2012, alongside Art Below, <mask> presented his work at the exhibition 'Art Below Regents Park' in Regent's Park Tube station to coincide with Frieze Art Fair, one of the most important international contemporary art fairs that takes place each October in London. The British Art Resistance
In 2008 <mask> formed the "non organisation" The British Art Resistance, and held an exhibition under the title Hero of The British Art Resistance at The Aquarium L-13 gallery in London: A collection of paintings, books, records, pamphlets, poems, prints, letters, film, photographs made in 2008. Music
Childish made records of punk, garage, rock and roll, blues, folk, classical/experimental, spoken word and nursery rhymes. In a letter to <mask>, the musician Ivor Cutler said of Childish: "You are perhaps too subtle and sophisticated for the mass market." <mask>'s groups include TV21, later known as the Pop Rivets (1977–1980), sometimes spelled the Pop Rivits, with Bruce Brand, Romas Foord (replaced by Russell 'Big Russ' Wilkins) and Russell 'Little Russ' Lax. He later formed a garage rock inspired band called Thee Milkshakes (1980–1984) with Mickey Hampshire, Thee Mighty Caesars (1985–1989), The Delmonas then Thee Headcoats (1989–1999). In 2000 he formed Wild Billy Childish & The Friends of the Buff Medways Fanciers Association (2000–2006), named after a type of poultry bred in his home town.The Buff Medways, or The Buffs, as they were sometimes affectionately known, split in 2006, and Wild Billy <mask> & the Musicians of the British Empire were born, recording a song about one of <mask>'s heroes George Mallory titled "Bottomless Pit." In early 2007, <mask> formed The Vermin Poets with former Fire Dept singer and guitarist Neil Palmer and A-Lines guitarist and singer Julie Hamper, his wife. Thee Headcoats began their monthly residency at the Wild Western Room in the St John's Tavern, north London, in the early 1990s, and continued after moving to the Dirty Water Club in 1996. The Musicians of the British Empire (MBEs) played at the venue more or less once a month until February 2011. On 11 September 2009, Damaged Goods Records – <mask>'s current label – issued a message to subscribers stating that <mask>'s wife Julie (aka Nurse Julie, bassist in the MBEs) was pregnant. <mask> has since been recording as bass player with The Spartan Dreggs, with Neil Palmer on vocals and guitar and Wolf Howard on drums. From 2013 the MBEs reunited under the name Wild Billy Childish [or 'Chyldish'] and CTMF and as of the end of 2014 have released three albums.In 2014 <mask> produced, played on and co-wrote (with Dave Tattersall) most of the songs on The Wave Pictures' album Great Big Flamingo Burning Moon. <mask> has been namechecked by a number of famous musicians including Kurt Cobain, Graham Coxon, The White Stripes (Jack White had <mask>'s name written in large letters on his arm for an early Top of the Pops appearance) and Kylie Minogue who named the LP Impossible Princess after his book . Poetry

<mask> is a confessional poet and has published over 40 collections of his work. In 1979, <mask> was a founder member of The Medway Poets, a poetry performance group, who read at the Kent Literature Festival and the 1981 international Cambridge Poetry Festival. There were, however, personality clashes in the group, particularly between <mask> and Charles Thomson, who said: "There was friction between us, especially when he started heckling my poetry reading and I threatened to ban him from a forthcoming TV documentary." However, a Television South documentary on the group in 1982 brought them to a wider regional audience, though <mask>'s poetry was "deemed unbroadcastable". According to <mask>: "Me & Charles were at war from 1979 until 1999.He even threatened having bouncers on the doors of Medway Poets' readings to keep me out". Childish has twice won commendations in the National Poetry Prize. Hangman Books

In 1981–82 Childish formed Hangman Books, publishing poetry and some fiction. (Associated projects are Hangman Films and Hangman Records.) Hangman Books has published poetry books and pamphlets by <mask>, Tracey Emin, Bill Lewis, Vic Templer, Joe Corkwell, Sexton Ming, Philip Absolon, Chris Broderick, Mark Lowe, Neil Sparks, Louis-Ferdinand Celine, Dan Melchior, Dan Belton, Alfie Howard, Simon Robson, Steve Prince, Joe Machine, Wolf Howard and Amanda Collier, among others. Between 1982 and 1987 the daily running of the press was carried out by Traci Emin (later Tracey Emin). From 1988 to 1999 it was managed by Kyra De Coninck (one of Thee Headcoatees band).Since 2000 Julie Hamper, <mask>'s wife, has been overseeing it. From 1986 Hangman Records, also run by <mask>, released more than 50 LP records, including spoken word, experimental works and punk rock. Many local Medway groups and artists had their first releases on Hangman. Hangman Books and Hangman Records are both independent, non-profit-making and do not receive outside funding. Tracey Emin

During the 1980s, <mask> was an influence on the artist Tracey Emin, whom he met in 1982, after his expulsion from the painting department at Saint Martin's School of Art. Emin was a fashion student at Medway College of Design. Emin and <mask> were a couple until 1987, Emin selling

masks:
Billy Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Billy Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish


title: Billy Childish

texts:
 his poetry books for his small press Hangman Books.In 1995 she was interviewed in the Minky Manky show catalogue by Carl Freedman, who asked her, "Which person do you think has had the greatest influence on your life?" She replied:
Uhmm... It's not a person really. It was more a time, going to Maidstone College of Art, hanging around with <mask>, living by the River Medway. Emin's work Everyone I Have Ever Slept With 1963–1995 (1995) was first exhibited in the show, and <mask>'s name was displayed prominently in it. The Stuckists

In 1999 <mask> and Thomson co-founded the Stuckist art movement. Thomson coined the group name from <mask>'s "Poem for a Pissed Off Wife" (Big Hart and Balls 1994), where he had recorded Emin's remark to him:
"Your paintings are stuck, you are stuck!– Stuck! Stuck! Stuck!" The group was strongly pro-figurative painting and anti-conceptual art. <mask> wrote a number of manifestos with Thomson, the first of which contained the statement:
"Artists who don't paint aren't artists." The Stuckists soon achieved considerable press coverage, fuelled by Emin's nomination for the Turner Prize. They then announced the inauguration of a cultural period of Remodernism to bring back spiritual values into art, culture and society.The formation of The Stuckists directly led to Emin severing her 14-year friendship with <mask> in 1999. <mask> has said: "The Stuckist art group was formed in 1999 at the instigation of Charles Thomson, the title of the group being taken from a poem of mine written and published in 1994. I disagreed with the way Charles presented the group, particularly in the media. For these reasons I left the Stuckists in 2001. I never attended any Stuckist demonstrations and my work was not shown in the large Stuckist exhibition held in the Walker Art Gallery in 2004." British artist Stella Vine, who was a member of the Stuckists for a short time in 2001, first joined the group having developed a "crush" on <mask> while attending his music events. In June 2000, Vine went to a talk given by <mask> and fellow Stuckist co-founder Charles Thomson on Stuckism and Remodernism, promoted by the Institute of Ideas at the Salon des Arts, Kensington.Vine formed The Unstuckists one month after joining, and has since said she did not agree with Stuckism's principles, and described them as bullies. Conceptual art
As a young man, <mask> was highly influenced by Dada, and the work of Kurt Schwitters in particular. <mask> has a Kurt Schwitters poem tattooed on his left buttock and made a short film on Schwitters's life, titled The Man with Wheels, (1980, directed by Eugean Doyan). In his poetry, <mask> mentions that he once had a bank account under the name of Kurt Schwitters. As to what is now termed conceptual art, <mask> has said "I respect the right of detractors and champions alike as we live in a democracy." The Chatham Super 8 Cinema
In 2002, along with Wolf Howard, Simon Williams and Julie Hamper, <mask> formed The Chatham Super 8 Cinema. The group makes super 8 films on a second-hand camera Wolf Howard bought at a local flea market.In 2004, <mask> released a 30-minute documentary titled Brass Monkey, about a march undertaken in Great War uniform commemorating the 90th anniversary of the British retreat from Mons in 1914. Discography

Solo LPs
I've Got Everything Indeed (1987)
The 1982 Cassettes (1988)
"i remember..." (1988)
50 Albums Great (1991)
Torments Nest (1993)
Made With a Passion – Kitchen Demo's (1996)

Compilations
I Am the <mask>ish (1991)
Der Henkermann – Kitchen Recordings (1992)
Native American Sampler – A History 1983–1993 (1993)
Crimes Against Music-Blues Recordings 1986–1999 (1999)
25 Years of Being Childish (2002)
My First Billy Childish Album (2006)
Archive From 1959 – The <mask> Story (2009)
Punk Rock Ist Nicht Tot – 1977–2018 (2019)

Spoken word albums
Poems of Laughter and Violence (1988)
The Sudden Fart of Laughter (1992)
Trembling of Life (1993)
Hunger at the Moon (1993)
Poems of a Backwater Visionary (2007)

Collaborations
Laughing Gravy (1987) Wild Billy Childish & Big Russ Wilkins
Long Legged Baby (1989) Wild Billy Childish & the Natural Born Lovers
At the Bridge (1993) <mask> with The Singing Loins
Devil in the Flesh (1998) <mask>/Dan Melchior
In Blood (1999) <mask> & Holly Golightly

with Sexton Ming
Which Dead Donkey Daddy? (1987)
Plump Prizes & Little Gems (1987)
YPRES 1917 Overture (Verdun Ossuary) (1988)
The Cheeky Cheese (1999)
Here Come the Fleece Geese (2002)
Muscle Horse Was in the War (2002)
Dung Beetle Rolls Again (2012)

with The Pop Rivets
(1979) Greatest Hits
(1979) Empty Sounds from Anarchy Ranch
(1985) Fun in the U.K (Compilation)
(1990) Live in Germany '79 (Live)
(1997) Chathams Burning – Live 77 & 78 Demo's (Compilation)

with Thee Milkshakes
 LPs
(1981) Talking 'Bout... Milkshakes
(1982) Fourteen Rhythm and Beat Greats
(1983) After School Sessions
(1983) The Milkshakes IV – The Men with Golden Guitars
(1984) Thee Milkshakes vs. The Prisoners
(1984) 20 Rock & Roll Hits of the 50s & 60s
(1984) Nothing Can Stop These Men
(1984) They Came They Saw They Conquered
(1984) Thee Knights of Trashe
(1987) Thee Milkshakes Revenge – The Legendary Missing 9th Album
(1992) Still Talking 'Bout... Milkshakes! Compilations
(1984) Showcase
(1990) 19th Nervous Shakedown

with Thee Mighty Caesars
 LPs
(1985) Thee Mighty Caesars
(1985) Beware the Ides of the March
(1986) Thee Caesars of Trash
(1987) Acropolis Now
(1987) Wiseblood
(1987) Live in Rome [studio recordings with overdubbed 'live' effects]
(1987) Don’t Give Any Dinner to Henry Chinaski (1987) [demos]
(1989) John Lennon’s Corpse Revisited
(1992) Caesars Remains (demos etc)

 Compilations
(1987)Punk Rock Showcase
(1989) Thusly, thee Mighty Caesars (English Punk Rock Explosion) (LP Comp U.S.)
(1989) Surely They Were the Sons of God (C.D.Comp U.S.)
(1994)Caesars Pleasure (CD Comp)

with The Delmonas
Dangerous Charms (1985)
The Delmonas 5 (1986)
Do the Uncle Willy (1988)
The Delmonas (1989)

as Wild <mask> & the Blackhands
Play: Capt'n Calypso's Hoodoo Party (1988)
The Original Chatham Jack (1992)
Live in the Netherlands (1993)

as Jack Ketch & the Crowmen
Brimful of Hate (1988) as Jack Ketch & the Crowmen

as Thee Headcoats
Headcoats Down! (1989)
The Earls of Suavedom (1990)
Beach Bums Must Die (1990)
The Kids Are Square – This is Hip! (1990)
Heavens to Murgatroyd, Even! It’s ! (Already) (1990)
W.O.A.H! Bo in Thee Garage (1991)
Headcoatitude (1991)
The Wurst is Yet to Come (1993)
The Good Times Are Killing Me (1993)
Cavern by the Sea (1993)
Connundrum (1994)
The Sound of the Baskervilles (1995 – Thee Headcoats featuring Thee Headcoatees)
In Tweed We Trust (1996)
Knights of the Baskervilles (1996)
The Jimmy Reid Experience (1997)
The Messerschmits Pilots Severed Hand (1998)
Sherlock Holmes Meets the Punkenstien Monster (1998 Japanese Compilation)
Brother is Dead…but fly is gone! (1998)
17% Hendrix Was Not the Only Musician (1998) <mask> & His Famous Headcoats
English Gentlemen of Rock‘N’Roll/the Best Vol.2 (1999) (Japanese Compilation)
I Am the Object of Your Desire (2000)
Elementary Headcoats – Thee Singles 1990–1999 (2000 – compilation)

as Thee Headcoats Sect (with The Downliners Sect)
Deerstalking Men (1996)
Ready Sect Go!(2000)

as The Buff Medways
This is This (2001)
Steady the Buffs (2002)
The XFM Sessions (2003)
1914 (2003)
Medway Wheelers (2005)

as The Chatham Singers
Heavens Journey (2005)
Juju Claudius (2009)
Kings of the Medway Delta (2020)

as The Musicians of the British Empire
Punk Rock at the British Legion Hall (2007)
Christmas 1979 (2007)
Thatcher's Children (2008)

as The Vermin Poets
Poets of England (2010)

as The Spartan Dreggs
Forensic R & B (2011)
Dreggredation (2012)
Coastal Command (2012)
Tablets of Linear B (2012)
 Archeopteryx vs. Coelacanth (2014)
 A Tribute To A. E. Housman (2013 – CTMF & The Spartan Dreggs)

with CTMF
 All Our Forts Are With You (2013)
 Die Hinterstoisser Traverse (2013)
 Acorn Man (2014)
 SQ1 (2016)
 Brand New Cage (2017)
 In The Devil's Focus (10" BBC 6 Music Sessions) (2017)
 Brand New Cage (2017)
 Last Punk Standing... (2019)

as The William Loveday Intention
 People Think they Know Me But They Don't Know Me (2020)
 Will There Ever Be A Day That You're Hung Like A Thief? Note: some copies appear with different titles and different author and publisher: 'Art War, Man Taken from Guts' and 'Insolunce in the Face of Art' being examples. Unknowable but Certain (2009)
Paraffin Van (2011) (Also published under the title "I Fuckt Frida Kahlo" as a Faber and Faber lookalike.) the sudden wren or painting lessons for poets and other mediochur cunts (2013)
In the Teeth of Deamons (2015)
1 of the rist (2016)
The Uncorrected (2018
If you fly with the crows... Selected Poetry 2015 – 2019 (2019)
Vipers Tongue Press Poetry Pamphlets (2020) – includes '100 yds of crash barrier' (Pamphlet 001), 'Cancer of the gallows' (Pamphlet 002), 'Poems nobody wants' (Pamphlet 003)

Fiction
 Conversations with Dr X (1987)
 Cannon-fodder, by Louis-Ferdinand Céline. Trans. References

External links

 Billy Childish official site
 Guardian Interview 2009
 Art Basel 2010 – Billy Childish interview at Theartnewspaper.tv
 Slashstroke Magazine 2011 – Billy Childish interview and photoshoot

1959 births
Living people
Alumni of the University for the Creative Arts
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
21st-century male artists
20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English male singers
English male poets
English punk rock guitarists
English punk rock singers
People from Chatham, Kent
Punk blues musicians
Sympathy for the Record Industry artists
British indie rock musicians
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
Musicians from Kent
English contemporary artists
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers
English male

masks:
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Childish
Billy Child
Billy Childish
Billy Childish
Billy Childish
Billy Childish
Billy Childish
Billy Childish