title: Spud Chandler

texts:
Spurgeon Ferdinand "<mask><mask> (September 12, 1907 – January 9, 1990) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed starting pitcher and played his entire career for the New York Yankees from 1937 through 1947. He was named the American League's Most Valuable Player in  after anchoring the team's pitching staff with 20 wins and only 4 losses as New York won its third consecutive pennant; his 1.64 earned run average in that season was the lowest by any major league pitcher between 1920 and 1967, and remains a Yankees team record. In eleven seasons, he never suffered a losing record; with a total of 109 wins and 43 losses, his career winning percentage of .717 is the highest of any pitcher with at least 100 victories since 1876. Biography
<mask> was born in Commerce, Georgia to <mask> (1871–1942) and Olivia Catherine Hix (1872–1957). He grew up in Franklin County and graduated from Carnesville High School in 1928, and attended the University of Georgia. He played football as a halfback, throwing a touchdown pass to help defeat Yale in a 1929 game dedicating a new stadium.He also pitched for the baseball team and competed on the track team. He was a brother of the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity and graduated with a degree in agriculture. He spent five seasons in the Yankees organization after signing with the team, his favorite since boyhood. <mask> finally made his major league debut at age 29 on May 6, 1937, and went 7–4 that season with a 2.84 ERA and six complete games (including two shutouts). The following year, he was 14–5, and in 1939 he was 3–0 in 11 relief appearances. Although the Yankees won the World Series in each of those years, <mask> did not appear in the postseason. Bothered by injuries during his early career, after records of 8–7 and 10–4 in 1940 and 1941 he improved further to 16–5 in , finishing third in the AL with a 2.38 ERA and earning his first of four All-Star selections.He was the All-Star Game's winning pitcher in 1942. <mask> had one start in the World Series each year, but lost both times, as the Yankees won in 1941 and lost in 1942. His greatest year came in 1943. In addition to his outstanding ERA, he led the league with 20 wins in 30 starts, as well as 20 complete games and five shutouts. In 253 innings pitched, he gave up 46 earned runs, allowing only five home runs. <mask>'s 134 strikeouts were third in the league, and equalled his combined total of the previous two seasons. He made the AL All-Star team for the second time.<mask> finally had a successful World Series, pitching two complete game victories, including a shutout in the final Game 5, as the Yankees defeated the St. Louis Cardinals. Winning the MVP award, he beat out Luke Appling of the Chicago White Sox. <mask> remains the only Yankee pitcher to win the Most Valuable Player award. After one start in 1944, he entered World War II military service with the Army for nearly all of the next two seasons. He returned in  with another All-Star season, going 20–8 with a 2.10 ERA (2nd in the league to Hal Newhouser) and a career-high 138 strikeouts. That year, he also had 20 complete games for the second time in his career. He earned his last All-Star selection in , but finished the year with only a 9–5 record as injuries ended his career at age 40.He pitched for the last time in the historic 1947 World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers, pitching two relief innings in a Game 3 loss. In four World Series, he had a 2–2 record with a 1.62 ERA, 16 strikeouts, and 1 shutout. Over his career <mask> was 109–43 in 211 games (109 complete, 26 shutouts), with a 2.84 ERA. He had 614 career strikeouts and gave up 64 home runs and in 1,485 innings pitched, allowed 1,327 hits. As a hitter, he had a batting average of .201, with a .234 on-base percentage; he had 110 hits in 548 at bats in his career, and on July 26, 1940 had two home runs including a grand slam. <mask> was also a fine fielding pitcher, committing only 10 errors in 501 total chances for a career .980 fielding percentage. He later managed in the minor leagues, became pitching coach with the Kansas City Athletics in 1957–58, and scouted for several teams before retiring in 1984.He was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1969 and into the Franklin County Sports Hall of Fame in 1997. <mask> died at age 82, leaving his wife and two sons. Legacy
<mask> was inducted into the University of Georgia Ring of Honor in 2000. See also

List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise

References

Further reading
 Honig, Donald (1975) Baseball When the Grass Was Real: Baseball from the Twenties to the Forties Told by the Men Who Played It. New York: Coward, McGann & Geoghegan. pp. 223–236. .External links

The New Georgia Encyclopedia
Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
<mask> <mask> | Society for American Baseball Research

1907 births
1990 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League ERA champions
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
American League wins champions
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Binghamton Triplets players
Cleveland Indians scouts
Georgia Bulldogs baseball players
Georgia Bulldogs football players
Jacksonville Beach Sea Birds players
Kansas City Athletics coaches
Kansas City Athletics scouts
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Minnesota Twins scouts
Newark Bears (IL) players
New York Yankees players
New York Yankees scouts
Oakland Oaks (baseball) players
People from Commerce, Georgia
People from Royston, Georgia
People from South Pasadena, Florida
Portland Beavers players
Spartanburg Peaches players
Springfield Rifles players
Syracuse Chiefs players
United States Army personnel of World War II

masks:
Spud
" Chandler
Chandler
Leonard Ferdinand Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Spud
Chandler


title: Brendan Gaunce

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born March 25, 1994) is a Canadian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing with the  Columbus Blue Jackets in the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted 26th overall in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. Gaunce has represented Canada twice. He won a gold medal at the 2011 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament and a bronze at the 2012 IIHF World U18 Championships. He also represented Ontario at the 2011 World U-17 Hockey Challenge where he won a gold medal. Early life
<mask> was born to Stephen and <mask> in Sudbury, Ontario, but grew up in Markham, Ontario. He has two siblings; a brother and a sister.His older brother, Cameron, was drafted in the second round of the 2008 NHL Entry Draft by the Colorado Avalanche, and currently plays with the Ontario Reign in the AHL. Gaunce attended Markham District High School where he played on their ice hockey team registering 4 goals and 21 points in 17 games. Despite playing much of the season on defence, he was named to the Toronto Star High School Hockey All-Star First Team. He also captained the Markham Waxers Minor Midget team, scoring 55 goals and 148 points in 86 games in 2009–10. Playing career

Junior
The highest scoring minor midget player in Ontario in 2010, Gaunce was taken second in the OHL Priority Draft after Alex Galchenyuk by the Belleville Bulls of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL). Gaunce made his major junior debut in the 2010–11 OHL season and in his second OHL game recorded a four assist game in a 7–4 win over the Peterborough Petes. In the following game, Gaunce scored his first career OHL goal.He had a second 4-point game and added a 5-game point streak, finishing the season with 11 goals and 36 points, 13th in OHL rookie scoring. At the beginning of his second season, Gaunce was named an alternate captain for the Bulls. During the season he earned the OHL Player of the Week award. He scored five goals and added an assist in three Belleville wins for the week ending November 27. Gaunce finished the season as a point a game player registering 28 goals and 40 assists in 68 games. At the end of the season Gaunce was Belleville's nominee for the Bobby Smith Trophy as scholastic player of the year, but lost out to Adam Pelech. Before the 2012 NHL Entry Draft, Gaunce was ranked 13th among North American skaters by the NHL's scouting department, and the top-ranked Canadian forward.Projected to be a mid first round pick, he fell to 26th when he was selected by the Vancouver Canucks. Canucks' general manager Mike Gillis stated that going into the draft they had targeted Gaunce and if he had not been available Vancouver would have traded down to add extra picks. On November 26, 2013, <mask> was traded from the Belleville Bulls to the Erie Otters. Professional
Gaunce played the entire 2014–15 season for the Canucks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Utica Comets. Gaunce was a late cut from the Canucks' 2015 training camp and was again reassigned to Utica to start the season. He was recalled by the Canucks on October 28, 2015. On October 29, 2015, Gaunce made his NHL debut with the Canucks in a game against the Dallas Stars in a 4–3 overtime loss.The next day, Gaunce scored his first NHL goal against Anders Lindback of the Arizona Coyotes in a 4–3 Canucks win. He was reassigned to Utica on November 5. On March 1, 2016, Gaunce was again recalled by the Vancouver Canucks. He played in the remainder of the Canucks' games that season before returning to the Comets to finish the season. At the start of the 2016–17 season, Gaunce made the Canucks' roster out of training camp for the first time in his career. He earned his first career assist on October 16, 2016; assisting on a Ben Hutton goal in a 4–3 overtime win against the Carolina Hurricanes. On August 9, 2017, the Canucks re-signed <mask> to a two-year, $1.5 million contract worth $750,000 annually.Gaunce broke his foot in February and was set to be out for 2–4 weeks. After five seasons within the Canucks organization, Gaunce left as a free agent after he was not tendered a qualifying offer. On July 1, 2019, Gaunce was signed to a one-year, two-way deal with the Boston Bruins worth $700,000. In the  season, Gaunce only played one game for the Bruins recording an assist. Gaunce played 52 games in the AHL for the Providence Bruins recording 18 goals and 19 assists. After receiving no interest from NHL clubs, on January 2, 2021, Gaunce signed with the Växjö Lakers of the Swedish Hockey League with the intent of joining the club to finish the 2020–21 season. Gaunce quickly transitioned to the larger European ice, recording 5 goals and 12 points and a +10 plus/minus rating in 18 contests.He added 7 points in 12 playoff games to help the club capture the SHL Championship. As a free agent, Gaunce returned to North America in the off-season, securing a one-year, two-way contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets on July 30, 2021.

International play

Gaunce made his international debut at the 2011 World U-17 Hockey Challenge representing team Ontario. After winning their first two games Team Ontario was leading Team West 3–2 early in the third when Gaunce assisted on an insurance goal by Matia Marcantuoni. Ontario eventually won the game 4–3 to remain unbeaten and clinch a spot in the semi-final. In Ontario's final preliminary game Gaunce scored two second period goals helping Ontario to the 4–2 win over team Pacific. Gaunce was named player of the game for Ontario. Ontario defeated Quebec 2–1 in overtime to advance to the gold medal game.In the gold medal game <mask> scored the third goal in a 5–3 victory. Later in the year Gaunce represented Canada at the 2011 Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament. Team Canada lost its opening game to Sweden 5–1, but finished the preliminary round with a 2–1 record and received a spot in the semi-finals. In the semi-final game Gaunce assisted on Team Canada's third goal in a 5–0 victory of the Russians. Canada re-matched Sweden in the Final with Gaunce scoring early in the third to give the Canadians a two-goal advantage then assisting on another goal mid-way through the period. Canada defeated Sweden 4–1 winning the gold medal, Canada's fourth straight at the tournament. <mask> again played for Team Canada the following year at the 2012 IIHF World U18 Championships.After Canada started the tournament with split decisions <mask> scored two first period goals and added an assist in a 6–2 win over the Czech Republic. For his performance <mask> was named player of the game for Team Canada. Canada lost its next game finishing the preliminary round with a 2–2–0 record, third place in their pool. Canada qualified for the quarterfinals where they defeated the Russians 4–2. In the Semi-final game Canada lost to the United States 2–1. Despite not registering a point <mask> was named player of the game for the Canadians. With the loss Canada faced Finland in the bronze medal game.In the first period <mask> was hooked by Ville Pokka resulting in a penalty shot opportunity. Gaunce failed to score on the penalty shot, but registered a shorthanded goal in the second period. Canada defeated Finland 5–4 capturing the bronze medal. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1994 births
Belleville Bulls players
Boston Bruins players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cleveland Monsters players
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Living people
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Providence Bruins players
Sportspeople from Greater Sudbury
Utica Comets players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Växjö Lakers players

masks:
Brendan Gaunce
Brendan
Julie Gaunce
Brendan Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce
Gaunce


title: Soren Johnson

texts:
<mask> (born May 23, 1976) is an American video game designer and programmer. <mask>'s games primarily belong to 4X strategy, with a number of his titles having been critically acclaimed. He is best known for his work as a lead designer on Civilization IV, Offworld Trading Company, and Old World. He also worked on Civilization III as a co-lead designer. In 2013, <mask> founded Mohawk Games, an indie studio in the suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland. They later moved to Alexandria, VA during the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. The studio brings together people he has worked with in the past, along with new talent, to create new intellectual properties.Their first game, Offworld Trading Company, was released to moderate critical acclaim. <mask> is known for being one of the earliest developers who involved the internet gaming community in game design, testing, and discussion. Biography

Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Olympia, Washington to Kenneth and <mask>. He grew up in Centralia, Washington with his one sibling, Bjorn <mask>, and his cousins Kjell, Erik, and Sonja. At age 13, <mask> was offered the opportunity to go to college early, but his parents thought that he would benefit more from being around friends. In hindsight he has stated that he thinks his parents made the right decision. His first ever notable gaming platform was a Commodore 64, which his parents bought for the family, when he was 7 years old .He grew up on mid 80's games, and electronic card games of the period, playing a wide variety of game genres, ranging from board games to strategy to shooter games and racing. Eventually he developed a particular interest in games that involved history and war. In particular he loved games made by renowned strategy game developer Sid Meier. His mother recalls him saying, “One day, I'm going to go work with Sid Meier!” This eventually came to pass when he joined Firaxis Games in 2000. College and EA
<mask> did not play a lot of games in college, choosing to fully embrace the college experience, resulting in him largely missing the experience of playing Civilization II at that time. Prior to college, <mask> was not aware that computer science consisted of learning programming until he first enrolled at Stanford University, where he started by acquiring a BA in History, and eventually a MS in Computer Science. After college, <mask> started an internship with Electronic Arts, when a friend interning there got him an interview.During his internship at EA <mask> worked on Knockout Kings, developing its AI. <mask> returned to school for a semester at Oxford with his college roommate Christopher Tin. Tin would eventually be hired to work on <mask>'s game Civilization IV, where he composed the Grammy winning song Baba Yetu. <mask> played the cello in the Stanford Orchestra, and at one point traveled to China to perform with his fellow Stanford musicians. While in college, one of <mask>'s friends, Ratha Harntha, won a bet he made with <mask>. The bet required <mask> to shave his head to give himself a mohawk. <mask> cites this as proving that while he might lose some challenges, he will honor his word.It ended up being the inspiration for the name of his current game development studio: Mohawk Games. Firaxis Games
After finishing his internship at Electronic Arts, <mask> started employment at Firaxis Games. <mask> followed the Civilization III development externally and jumped at the chance to join his idol Sid Meier. At the time he joined, much of the previous development team were abandoning Civ III, which was still early in its development. He considered the exodus an opportunity to help his idol and save the franchise from collapse. <mask> joined Firaxis in April 2000 and, along with Jake Solomon, started mid-development on Civilization III with director Sid Meier and designer Jeff Briggs. By this time only two engineers remained on the team: the intern and audio programmer.<mask> was offered his lowest salary to date, but persevered with an intention to use the experience to launch his career. Eventually <mask>'s talent and work ethic brought him to the position of co-lead designer alongside Jeff Briggs. <mask> had a lot of freedom to work on Civilization III and rewrote a lot of the code from scratch, even with only 16 months left to complete the work before launch. <mask> simplified Civilization III's code base so that a lot of new mechanics could be added, without having to simply keep building on top of the previous game. This was in contrast to the way Civilization II's code was on top of the original. <mask>'s hardcore resource features in Civilization III created scarcity in economic terms, becoming a catalyst for diplomacy system. Resource and economics systems would continue to be a key feature in his later games.<mask>'s main role during Civilization III's development, however, was its Artificial Intelligence. His success in this field eventually earned him a reputation as one of the best AI developers in the industry. <mask>'s ideas, however, were not all well received. One infamous mechanic involved domesticated animals, such as horses, being limited to certain in-game continents - just like in real history. Rather than leaving these poorly received mechanics untouched however, <mask> headed one of the earliest examples of post release support in gaming, using the feedback from the gaming community to further update the game post release. <mask> further highlighted his community support by making the game modder friendly; designing the AI to adapt and continue to function with changes to game design, even during community modding post game release. <mask> provided updates and patches to Civilization III for a year after the initial release, spending plenty of time immersed in the game's community, judging and absorbing feedback.Many of the lessons he and the team learned from this exercise were later applied to Civilization IV, leading to great success. <mask>'s decision to join Firaxis at this time has been described as a "strategic gamer's move applied to real life", and is today seen as one of the factors that saved Civilization III and the future of the Civilization franchise. Due to his success in Civilization III, <mask> <mask> became the sole lead designer of Civilization IV, once again writing all of the AI. For Civ IV <mask> brought in Civilization fans and members of the gaming community to test the game ahead of release, which proved highly effective in making the game stable and balanced before release. This set the precedent for his future development process, and continues to be part of the formula for developing his games. According to <mask>, there are generally 2 types of AI in video games, 'good AI' and 'fun' AI. Good AI competes to beat the player and win, whereas fun AI does not necessarily try to win a game but tries to give the human an enjoyable gameplay experience.A game like Civilization IV would have an AI that has features from both, their balance dependent on the difficulty setting. According to <mask>, building a successful AI for gameplay is not based on any novel technique, but requires a lot of hard work and coding. <mask> also had a considerable role in the development of the main theme music: Baba-Yetu, by working with his old classmate and composer, Christopher Tin. Christopher and <mask>, wanted to capture the essence of the view of earth from outer space in a musical piece, but also giving a deeper feel to the song with an extra layer of lyrical meaning. The result was hailed as a masterpiece, being the first game soundtrack to win a Grammy. Some fans of Civilization IV reportedly ended up leaving the menu screen open just to hear the global beat on repeat. When <mask> was asked if Tin was 'as cool in real life as he is on Reddit' <mask> answered simply, "Yes."Civilization IV earned arguably the most critical acclaim of any Civilization game, with many fans believing it to be the best version of Civilization to date, even after two sequels. EA and Zynga
On April 17, 2007, it was announced that <mask> had left Firaxis to rejoin Electronic Arts (Maxis) to start mid-development on the genre bending game based on evolution, Spore. The game simulated 5 phases of evolution, starting the player as single cell and ending as an intergalactic civilization. <mask> was hired to help with the 4th stage: "Civilization" which saw your the player's procedural generated organism begin a primitive civilization on its home world. Spore would end up to be a disappointment for <mask> due to the game's mixed reception from critics and fans. He later attributed its failure to a lack of a clear binding vision across all the teams, and the lack of outside player feedback. At EA, <mask> also worked on the design of Dragon Age Legends, a Flash game released for Facebook and Google+ in March 2011.<mask> left EA in September 2011 to join the social network game development company Zynga on an unnamed project that was never published. Mohawk Games
In 2013, <mask> co-founded his own game development studio, Mohawk Games, in the suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland. Their first video game launched April 28, 2016 titled Offworld Trading Company: an economic real-time strategy game for Microsoft Windows and OS X using an extended and more detailed version of his signature resource system first seen in his earlier Civilization titles. This game would be <mask> <mask>'s first use of Early Access, making changes to the game based on player feedback, even before its full release. Offworld Trading Company is a unique game in the genre, as it is an economy-based RTS. When commenting on the creation of Mohawk games <mask> said, "Mohawk puts gameplay first," "Our goal is to make games that will be played for years, based on elegant, replayable systems that are not limited by finite content creation. Our development process emphasizes rapid iteration above all else, requiring our games to be playable as soon as possible so that we have time to find the fun."Christopher Tin has again contributed musical pieces to Offworld Trading Company, including the theme 'Red Planet Nocturne'. Once again <mask> and Christopher shared ideas on how to make the music sound "other worldly", with Christopher heavily synthesizing his music for the game. Offworld Trading Company would end up being a commercial success, selling over 600,000 copies, and achieved a broadly positive critical reception. After the development of Offworld Trading Company, Mohawk started work on a new historical based Civilization-inspired strategy game initially called Ten Crowns. Due to financial complications with their publisher Starbreeze (who originally financed Offworld Trading Company), Mohawk Games was offered a deal by Epic Games. The title received a name change to Old World after the switch in publisher, and the game is in current development. It entered Early Access on May 5, 2020.<mask> was a bi-monthly design columnist for Game Developer and is on the advisory board of the Game Developers Conference. He also runs the game design blog Designer Notes and hosts the game designer interview podcast of the same name. Personal life

<mask> is married to Leyla <mask>, who works with him at Mohawk Games in a number of senior roles. They have three children (Sebastian, Connor, and <mask>) as well as a cat called Oliver. Works

References

External links
<mask> <mask>'s profile at MobyGames
 www.designer-notes.com <mask> <mask>'s game design blog
Interview with <mask> <mask> at CVG
Interview with <mask> <mask> about social gaming at gamesindustry international

Place of birth missing (living people)
American video game designers
Living people
Stanford University alumni
Video game programmers
1976 births

masks:
Soren Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Ruth Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Catherine Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Soren
Johnson
Soren
Johnson


title: Brad Laner

texts:
<mask> (born November 6, 1966 in Los Angeles, California)  is an American musician and record producer best known for his work with the shoegaze band Medicine, which he founded and led. Prior to Medicine, he was involved in avant-improv bands such as Debt of Nature (at the age of 15), Steaming Coils (at the age of 18)—which also featured members of Los Angeles Free Music Society—and most notably the experimental tribal post-punk outfit Savage Republic, which, according to Pitchfork Media, foreshadowed many ideas later explored in the post-rock genre. He has also been active as a solo artist, recording under the moniker Electric Company as well as releasing numerous albums under his own name. His work has been sampled by artists such as Brian Eno (Eno extensively sampled Electric Company's songs on several tracks from Another Day on Earth), and Caribou. He has collaborated with, among many others, M83 on its 2011 album Hurry Up, We're Dreaming. Career

Laner founded his first band, Debt of Nature, at the age of 15 (in 1981). He then continued his musical endeavours with Steaming Coils, an experimental avant-rock band that he also founded in 1984.It released two full-length albums before disbanding in 1989, but its last record was released two years after the break-up. In the meantime, <mask> joined Savage Republic as a percussionist and a keyboard player, and took part in recording two of its albums. In 1990 he founded shoegaze-noise pop band called Medicine, in which he applied a do-it-yourself ethos to create his signature sound by running his guitar through a 4-track recorder. In 1992 Medicine released its debut album, Shot Forth Self Living. In 1994 the band contributed one track to the soundtrack of the movie The Crow and appeared in the movie itself. The band ceased to exist in 1995, briefly reuniting in 2003 as a duo (with <mask> and Shannon Lee). In 1995 he started his solo project Electric Company, which was devoted to IDM, glitch, and avant-garde electronics with some elements of ambient and drone.As Electric Company, he released ten full-length albums in nine years (before ceasing activity in 2004). The same year, he also founded psychedelic supergroup Lusk with the members of Tool and Failure, with whom he released one album, Free Mars. It received a Grammy Award nomination. In 1996, he collaborated (under his own name) with Dallas-based musical collective Vas Deferens Organization on the album Transcontinental Conspiracy. <mask> co-wrote and co-produced the album; several Mercury Rev members were also involved in the recording and producing process. They collaborated again in 1999, this time under his Electric Company moniker, on the album More Pelvis Wick for the Baloney Boners. In 2007, Laner released his first album under his own name, Neighbor Singing, with the input of Thom Monahan.He then followed it up in 2010 with his second solo release, Natural Selections. Discography

with Debt of Nature
 Order: Spoil The Entire State (Harbinger Sound 2013)

cassette releases
 Pets Have Fears Too (Real Big Dog tapes 1981)
 Robin Diamond's Lungs (A.R.P.H. tapes 1982)
 Idiot Stick (Party Sound Tapes 1983)
 Pets Have Fears Two (Party Sound Tapes 1983)
 Food Music (Gleet Audio 1983)
 1981 Vol. 1 (Jookie Thrills 1983)
 Debt of Nature (Goodall Tapes 1986)
 Order: Spoil The Entire State (VHS) (Goodall Tapes 1986)
 "San Salvador Day" (Goodall Tapes 2014)
 "Salt Meadows" (Lal Lal Lal 2015)
 "Come Flying" (Goodall Tapes 2015)
 "Spring Training" (Goodall Tapes 2015)
 "Small Silver Car" (Lal Lal Lal 2015)
 "The Helix Of Repair" (Lal Lal Lal 2016)

compilation appearances
 Feeble Efforts (New Alliance 1981)
 Mighty Feeble (New Alliance 1982)
 Life is Boring So Why Not Steal This Record (New Underground 1983)
 L.A. Mantra (Trance Port Tapes 1983)
 Live at the Trance Port (Trance Port Tapes 1983)
 Phantom Takes (Trance Port Tapes 1983)
 Give Me That Dog Penis Popsicle (Gleet Audio 1983)
 Sex and Bestiality (DF Sadist School 1984)
 Perpetual State of Oracular Dream (Anomalous 1991)
 "L'Incoronazione" (Hyster Tapes 2015)

with Earth Dies Burning
 Songs From The Valley of the Bored Teenager 1981-84 (Captured Tracks 2013)

with Stahlbau

cassette releases

 Todlich Verungluckt (A.R.P.H. tapes 1982)
 Die Macht Der Reichen (Aeon 1983)

with Pilgrim State

 Effective Spiritual Warfare (New Underground, 1984)

with Severed Head In A Bag

cassette releases

 "Live" (Goodall Tapes 2014)
 "Delayed Implantation" (Goodall Tapes 2014)

with Steaming Coils
 Never Creak (Rotary Totem 1986)
 The Tarkington Table (Motiv 1987)
 Breaded (Nate Starkman & Sons CD 1991; reissued Quaquaversal Vinyl 1994; re-reissued Medical Records with bonus "Unfinished 1989" 7" E.P. 2016)
 Never Were (Tarkington Table cassette 1987)
 Studio Cassette (Medical Records 2016)

compilation appearances

 Bad Alchemy #9  (No Man's Land 1987)
 LAFMS-The Lowest Form of Music Box Set  (Cortical 1997)
 LAFMS-Unboxed (Cortical 1997)
note: the song "Blathering Hemispheres" from the "Never Creak" LP appears on both of the above LAFMS comps credited solely to Rick Potts

with To Nije Sala
 A Bitter Kermit Haven (split Lp with What Makes Donna Twirl) (Ralph 1990)

with Savage Republic
 Jamahiriya Democratique et Populaire de Sauvage (Fundamental 1988)
 Viva La Rock and Roll 7" (IPR 1988)
 Customs (Fundamental 1989)
 Live in Europe 1988 (Nate Starkman & Sons 1989)
 Box Set (Mobilization 2002)
 Procession: An Aural History (LTM 2010)

other 1980s releases as Brad Laner

cassette releases

 SEP/8363 vols 1-5  (Party Sound Tapes 1982-1984)
 Blind Force (Goodall Tapes 1985)

compilation appearances

 Omniana/Audio Arm 3 cassette magazine (A.R.P.H. 1982)
 L.A. Mantra 2 (Trance Port Tapes 1984)
 Neighborhood Rhythms  (Freeway/Rhino 1984)
 Re Records Quarterly vol.2  (with James Grigsby) (Recommended 1989)
 Hollyword cassette (Freeway/Rhino 1990)

with Medicine (1990s and 2012-present version)
Shot Forth Self Living (Def American/Warner Bros. 1992; Reissued with bonus material by Captured Tracks 2012)
The Buried Life (American Recordings/Warner Bros. 1993; Reissued with bonus material by Captured Tracks 2012)
Her Highness (American Recordings/Warner Bros. 1995)
 Medicine Box Set (Captured Tracks 2012)
 Always Starting To Stop (live cassette) (Captured Tracks 2012)
 To the Happy Few (Captured Tracks 2013)
 In Session (Captured Tracks 2014)
 Home Everywhere (Captured Tracks 2014)
 Medicine x Barcides (Bandcamp 2018)
 Scarred For Life (Drawing Room 2019)

Singles and EPs
"Aruca" (Creation 1992)
"5ive" (a.k.a. "Come Here To Drink Milk") (Creation 1993)
"Never Click" (Beggars Banquet, 1993)
"Sounds Of Medicine" (American 1994; Reissued with bonus material by Captured Tracks 2012)
"Time Baby 3" (Beggars Banquet, 1994)
"Off The Vine" (double 7") (Ectoplasm, 1995)
 Time Baby 2 (7") (Captured Tracks 2012)

Compilation appearances
The Crow OST (Atlantic, 1994)
The Doom Generation OST (American Recordings/Warner Bros., 1994)
Tigerbeat6 Inc. (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 Musique Dessinee 01 - Just A Groove ! You Love Me (Mille Plateaux, 2000)
 Cex - Oops I Did It Again (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 Attitude (Tigerbeat6, 2000)
 The Cosmic Forces of Mu (Planet Mu, 2001)
 Tigerbeat6 Inc. (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 Criminal 2 (Planet Mu, 2002)
 $ Vol.2 (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 $ Vol.6 (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 Marumari The Remixes (Carpark, 2002)
 45 Seconds Of (Simballrec, 2002 )
 Lowercase 2 (Bremsstrahlung, 2002)
 Ellen Allien- Weiss.mix (B Pitch Control, 2002)
 American Breakbeat : Rebuilt (Klangkreig, 2002)
 Wrong Application (Tigerbeat6, 2001)
 And The Beat Goes Off (Tigerbeat6, 2002)
 Paws Across America (Tigerbeat6, 2002)
 Good Night (Music To Sleep To) (Tigerbeat6, 2003)
 Stars As Eyes-Loud New Shit (Tigerbeat6, 2003)
 Open up and Say ...@+%_|^{!} Dobson - A Halo of Affectation (777 Was 666 2016)
Wild Nothing - Life of Pause (Captured Tracks 2016)
Tülips - Doom And Bloom (Lollipop 2015)
Digital Noise Academy - Synemy (Echo Field 2013)
M83 - Hurry Up, We're Dreaming (Mute 2011)
Blinker The Star - We Draw Lines (Nile River 2012)
The Caribbean - Discontinued Perfume (Hometapes 2011)
Lauren Kinney - Wail (Bandcamp 2013)
Lauren Kinney - Riddled (Bandcamp 2011)
Christopher Willits - Tiger Flower Circle Sun (Ghostly 2010)
Blinker The Star w/ Lindsey Buckingham - Catch And Release O.S.T. (Sony 2007)
Christopher Willits - Surf Boundaries (Ghostly 2006)
Vetiver - To Find Me Gone (DiChristina 2006)
Brian Eno - Another Day On Earth (Opal 2005)
Caribou - The Milk Of Human Kindness (Leaf 2005)
Caribou - Barnowl 12" (Leaf 2005)
Caribou - Marino DVD (Leaf 2005)
μ-ziq - Bilious Paths (Planet Mu, 2003)
Kid606 - Down With The Scene (Ipecac 2000)
Furry Things - Moments Away (Trance Syndicate 1999)
Blinker The Star - August Everywhere (DreamWorks 1999)
On - Shifting Skin (Epic 1999)
Spectacle -Glow In The Dark Soul (Supreme/Island 1998)
Ventilator - Reseda Spleen (Delmore 1997)
V3 - Photograph Burns (Onion/American 1996)
Eenie Meenie EP (Krown Pocket 1996)
Vas Deferens Organization - Saturation (Aether 1996)
Patio Collection vol. 2 (w/ Sweetcream USA) (Smilex 1997)
Solid Eye - Electromagnetic Field and Stream of Consciousness (Senseworks 1994)
The Black Watch - Amphetamines (Gotta Go 1994)
Motor Totemist Guild - Shapuno Zoo ( No Man's Land 1988)
Motor Totemist Guild - Homaggio a Futi (Auf Dem Nil 1988)
17 Pygmies- Welcome (Island 1988)
17 Pygmies- Missyfish (Nate Starkman and Sons 1991)
Fourwaycross - On The Other Hand (Nate Starkman and Sons 1989)
Fourwaycross - Pendulum (Independent Project Records 1993)
What Slender Young Leaders ! 7" (New Alliance 1986)
Blue Daisies - Wilt (Iridescence 1985)
Gary Kail / Zurich 1916 - Creative Nihilism (Iridescence 1984)
John Trubee - Beyond Eternity/Lavender Flesh (Cordelia 1984)

References

External links
 Official Web site
 Official profile on Hometapes record label Web site

1966 births
Living people
Musicians from Los Angeles
American Recordings (record label) artists
Island Records artists
Trance Syndicate artists
Planet Mu artists

masks:
Brad Laner
Laner
Laner
Laner


title: Seichō Matsumoto

texts:
(born <mask>) was a Japanese writer, credited with popularizing detective fiction in Japan. <mask>'s works broke new ground by incorporating elements of human psychology and ordinary life. His works often reflect a wider social context and postwar nihilism that expanded the scope and further darkened the atmosphere of the genre. His exposé of corruption among police officials and criminals was a new addition to the field. The subject of investigation was not just the crime but also the society affected. Although <mask> was a self-educated prolific author, his first book was not printed until he was in his forties. In the following 40 years, he published more than 450 works.<mask>'s work included historical novels and non-fiction, but it was his mystery and detective fiction that solidified his reputation as a writer internationally. Credited with popularizing the genre among readers in his country, <mask> became Japan's best-selling and highest earning author in the 1960s. His most acclaimed detective novels, including Ten to sen (1958; Points and Lines, 1970); Suna no utsuwa (1961; Inspector Imanishi Investigates, 1989) and Kiri no hata (1961; Pro Bono, 2012), have been translated into a number of languages, including English. He received the Akutagawa Prize in 1952, the Kikuchi Kan Prize in 1970, and the Mystery Writers of Japan Award in 1957. He served as president of the Mystery Writers of Japan from 1963 to 1971. <mask> also collaborated with film director Yoshitarō Nomura on adaptations of eight of his novels to film, including Castle of Sand. Early life

<mask> was born in the city of Kokura, now Kokura Kita ward, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka prefecture, Kyushu, in 1909.His real name was Kiyoharu <mask> before he adopted the pen name Seichō <mask>; "Seichō" is the Sino-Japanese reading of the characters of his given name. He was an only child. After graduating from elementary school, Seichō was hired at a utility company. As an adult he designed layouts for the Asahi Shimbun in Kyushu. His work in the advertising department was interrupted by serving in World War II as a medical corpsman. He spent much of the war in Korea before resuming work at the Asahi Shimbun after the war. He transferred to the Tokyo office in 1950.Although Matsumoto attended neither secondary school nor university, he was well-educated. As a rebellious teenager, he read banned revolutionary texts as part of a political protest, which enraged Seichō's father, causing him to destroy his son's collection of literature. Matsumoto sought award-winning works of fiction and studied them. His official foray into literature occurred in 1950 when the magazine Shukan Asahi hosted a fiction contest. He submitted his short story "Saigō satsu" (Saigō's Currency) and placed third in the competition. Within six years he had retired from his post at the newspaper to pursue a full-time career as a writer. Writing career

<mask> wrote short fiction while simultaneously producing multiple novels, at one point as many as five concurrently, in the form of magazine serials.Many of his crime stories debuted in periodicals, among them "Harikomi" (The Chase), in which a woman reunites with her fugitive lover while police close in on them. For his literary accomplishments, <mask> received the Mystery Writers of Japan Prize, Kikuchi Kan Prize, and the Yoshikawa Eiji Prize for Literature. In 1952 he was awarded the Akutagawa Prize for "Aru 'Kokura-nikki' den" (The Legend of the Kokura-Diary). As a lifelong activist, <mask> voiced both anti-American and anti-Japanese sentiments in some of his writings. For example at the height of the 1960 Anpo protests, <mask> tapped into the anti-American mood with his notorious work of "non-fiction" Black Fog over Japan (日本の黒い霧, Nihon no kuroi kiri), in which an enterprising detective uncovers a vast conspiracy by American secret agents that ties together many famous incidents and unsolved crimes of the postwar period. Likewse, many of <mask>'s works of fiction and nonfiction revealed various aspects of home-grown corruption in the Japanese system. In 1968 he traveled to communist Cuba as a delegate of the World Cultural Congress and ventured to North Vietnam to meet with its president later that same year.<mask> was also interested in archeology and ancient history. He made his ideas public in his fiction and in many essays. His interest extended to Northeast Asia, the Western Regions, and the Celts. International recognition

In 1977, <mask> met Ellery Queen when they visited Japan. In 1987, he was invited by French mystery writers to talk about his sense of mystery at Grenoble. <mask> died from cancer at the age of 82. Andrew Clare (Vertical, 2012)
A Quiet Place (original title: Kikanakatta Basho), trans.Louise Heal Kawai (Bitter Lemon Press, 2016)

Short story collection
The Voice and Other Stories
"The Accomplice" (original title: Kyōhansha)
"The Face" (original title: Kao)
"The Serial" (original title: Chihōshi o Kau Onna)
"Beyond All Suspicion" (original title: Sōsa Kengai no Jōken)
"The Voice" (original title: Koe)
"The Woman Who Wrote Haiku" (original title: Kantō-ku no Onna)

Short Stories
"The Cooperative Defendant" (original title: Kimyō na Hikoku)
Ellery Queen's Japanese Golden Dozen: The Detective Story World in Japan (Edited by Ellery Queen.

masks:
Kiyoharu Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto
Matsumoto


title: Hilda Yen

texts:
<mask>n () or sometimes Yan, was one of the leading figures of Chinese American society for some decades. Coming from a high-profile family traditionally serving Chinese governments and society, she left the East while continuing to be a bridge of cultures. Initially proving herself in university, she worked in diplomatic circles leading to the League of Nations for some years and then, inspired by aviator Li Xiaqing, she embarked on extended flights across the United States, speaking on international peace, pointing to the needs of China against the looming aggressions of the era, and then working with the United Nations. A major transition was her conversion to the Baháʼí Faith in 1944 and she was centrally involved in the religion achieving its registration as a non-governmental organization with the United Nations, where she then continued her work for several years. Ultimately she was disappointed in the international community's lack of embrace of a spiritual-religious commitment as the basis of an international peace and withdrew due to these concerns. Along the way, she married twice, with two children from the first marriage though she died divorced. Early years and family
Her date of birth is conjectured from conversion from eastern calendars.Late in life she adopted the date of January 17 though most of her life she used November 29 as her date of birth. The year is similarly a matter of conjecture: around 1904 to 1906, however her father's paperwork has listed her birth year as 1902. Her parents were Fu Ching Yen and Siu Ying Chow, the extended family being prominent under Sun Yat-sen. Her baptismal name was <mask>. Her sister was similarly named Dorothy. Her family had adopted Christianity; her grandfather and his brother were among the earliest converts to Christianity as Episcopalians; they also volunteered to fight for the Union North in the American Civil War while in school at Ohio's Kenyon College. Her father became a doctor in China and served in South Africa.Her family moved while at an age of about 8 years to New Haven, Connecticut, where her father entered Yale School of Medicine followed by Harvard Medical School in public health while she attended elementary school. Her family returned to China and then back in the States again for more work in public health, when at the age of about 16 she took the university entrance exam as a cultural exchange student without permission of her parents and won entry into Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts. She majored in history but then her family returned to Shanghai abruptly, before she finished her degree, in 1924. Back in China, she majored in psychology and while there she participated in foiling an anti-foreigner uprising at her school and worked in a hospital. She had an arranged marriage to P.T. Chen, a Chinese banker, and had two children, William Kuo Wei Chen and Doreen Kuo Feng Chen. In the meantime she devoted her time to local child and women's advocacy institutions as well as at the YWCA.Internationalist, diplomat and aviator

The year before her family returned to China, in 1923, an uncle, Dr. Y. S. Tsao, then president of Tsinghua University of Beijing, had heard of the Baháʼí Faith through Martha Root and then joined the religion. He translated Baha'u'llah and the New Era and Yen first heard of the religion through him. She accepted the invitation of another uncle, Yan Huiqing, then Ambassador to the USSR, to serve as his hostess for events at the embassy. She had some chance to address committees of the League of Nations through her diplomatic status – such as the status of women. Through her extended activities away from her husband and children, the marriage was mutually ended. At the end of their service, there was a party which included meeting Li Xiaqing and together they worked to make a presentation promoting Chinese women in flight. She then served formally at the League of Nations for three years including working with committees addressing issues of trafficking in women and children in 1937.Then she moved to the United States, took flying lessons and earned her aviator license. With Li Xiaqing back in the States, they conceived a plan of flying from city to city from 1938 speaking about the spread of war and the need of assistance for China and boycotting Japan's aggression. In 1939, a plane was donated – "The Spirit of New China" – which could use a copilot with Li and then Yen acquired her own plane also named "The Spirit of New China". Yen's plane crashed May 1, 1939 outside of Montgomery Alabama. Her injuries were severe but not life threatening. Considering her situation miraculous considering the plane crash suggested the beginnings of a change in path for her life later to be realized. Li finished their scheduled presence.Yen was discharged May 11 and she continued her advocacy on land for a time before returning to air travel in another plane. Her involvement in peace activities brought her into contact with Julia Goldman -she credits meeting Julia Goldman with re-introducing her to the Baháʼí Faith though it did not take her attention centrally for some years yet. Events in China soon led to a return to China where her father served in the cabinet of Chiang Kai-shek. In December 1941, she witnessed the marshaling of Americans after the attack at Pearl Harbor and as the Japanese arrived at Hong Kong while performing at a party for diplomats and Chinese leaders. However, she made it out of Hong Kong on a cargo plane and eventually reached the United States. Disappointed in politics and war, she was still passionate about peace and began flying again. Through her increasing contacts with the Baháʼís, she asked to attend the 1944 Baháʼí Annual convention as an observer.She was moved by the spontaneous gestures of welcome and care shown between individuals society normally kept apart as the material demonstration of the ideals of a worldwide unity across all humanity. Then she requested to enroll as a Baháʼí. She then asked to address the convention as a Baháʼí: "Fellow Baha'is, this is more than a pleasure. It is a miracle that I am participating with you in discussing such important matters. I contacted two denominations and a parliament of religions before I met Julia Goldman, Baha'i, who sowed this seed in my heart. While convalescent from a flying crash, my life was given me for service to God. Julia took me under her wing.I saw God vaguely; then more clearly, through the Baha'i Faith. Then came the battle of Hongkong(sic) where all shared in a common danger and hunger - forced to live the oneness of mankind. At length I secured a priority to fly to America and how do I rejoice to be in this free country! Conferring with Americans I have found this country the best to execute the message of peace. I have been blessed in meeting other Baha'is. I have been deeply impressed by the love and affection among Baha'is. China is well prepared by its sages for the Baha'i Faith.…"

Her conversion was marked as a significant moment summarizing the religion in 1944 following on that of her uncle. And she dwelt on the turning point of her plane crash more during a radio interview later published in World Order (see Baháʼí literature#Periodicals). She then attended the Bretton Woods Conference on world economics, and the Dumbarton Oaks Conference and the formation of the United Nations initially in San Francisco with a mixture of optimism in the steps being taken and disappointment the spiritual essence of unity was not being recognized more strongly: "We cannot have lasting peace without first turning to God." She joined the UN Department of Public Information and traveled increasingly for the Baháʼí Faith and comparing the peace plans then proposed. and served related interests for the advocacy for women. She was credited with playing a major role for the recognition of the Baháʼí Faith as a non-governmental organization. She soon met and married John Gifford Male on May 15, 1948; in 1946, he had secured a job in the United Nations Secretariat in the Human Rights division following being Eleanor Roosevelt's private secretary.Standards at the time required a wife to not work in the UN however she was able to continue work in the UN through the NGO status of the Baháʼí Faith. She was also able to retrieve her children, Doreen and William, from now communist China though her family had managed to serve that government as well. Doreen would take up medicine and return to China and while Yen continued to tour often speaking at Baháʼí events. William married and had two sons, one of whom, Ronald Chen, was the Public Advocate of New Jersey and is a law professor and former dean of Rutgers Law School. She helped celebrate achievements like the banquet in honor of the Xth volume of the Baháʼí World with Baháʼí notables Firuz Kazemzadeh and Helen Elsie Austin in 1950, continued giving talks, as well as trying to further the importance of the awareness of religion as a force for peace inside the UN. Yen was disappointed in the UN and the general efforts towards international peace – its lack of putting religious motivation at the heart of international peace seemed to result in much lack of progress. Later life
Yen shifted away from working in international diplomacy and public view - she began by volunteering at a hospital.Into the 1950s, her husband was looking to retire in New Zealand while Yen continued to seek ways of being of service and they both fell in love with other people. They divorced December 18, 1959. Male married three days later. Yen's further relationships never formed another marriage. She went to school at Columbia University, getting a degree and experience as a science librarian and gained employment in the field in the Brooklyn Library. In the 1960s she suffered from breast cancer and outlived doctor's expectations a number of years and she developed an interest in the I Ching. Finally she died March 18, 1970 and was buried at Ferncliff Cemetery in Ardsley, New York.Her longtime colleague at the Baháʼí International Community, the name of the religion's NGO, Mildred Mottahedeh, underscored her service: "This noble lady played an important role in the development of the Baha'i Faith in the international field, and it was through her efforts that the Baha'is began their work with the United Nations", and wrote a memorial. See also
 Baháʼí International Community
 Baháʼí Faith in Taiwan
 Baháʼí Faith in China

Further reading

References

1906 births
1970 deaths
20th-century Bahá'ís
Chinese Bahá'ís
Converts to the Bahá'í Faith
American women aviators
American aviators of Chinese descent
20th-century American women
20th-century American people

masks:
Hilda Yank Sing Ye
Hilda


title: T. Claude Ryan

texts:
<mask> (January 3, 1898 – September 11, 1982) was an American aviator born in Parsons, Kansas. <mask> was best known for founding several airlines and aviation factories. Early years
<mask> began his flying career in 1917 when he enrolled in the American School of Aviation at Venice, California. After making his first solo flight, he was accepted into the Army Air Service with an under-age waiver. The day that he was to report, the armistice was signed, ending his prospects for a military flying career. Instead, <mask> went to Oregon State College and studied Engineering, then was accepted into the Aeronautical Division of the U.S. Army (later known as the United States Army Air Corps). While in the Army, <mask> learned to fly at March Field, California, from where he graduated in 1921.<mask> flew forestry patrol duty until his enlistment ended in 1922. <mask> then went to San Diego and sold barnstorming rides to pay for a military surplus Curtiss JN-4 Jenny. Business career

Beginnings

Ryan's first employee was Hawley Bowlus, who had been the mechanic at the first flying school <mask> attended. One of his students was a wealthy young stock broker and real-estate developer named Benjamin Franklin Mahoney. <mask> sold half of the Ryan Flying Company to B. F. Mahoney on April 25, 1925. With Mahoney's funding, they bought a Douglas Cloudster, which Douglas had built for an attempt on the first non-stop transcontinental flight. A broken engine part grounded it in El Paso, Texas and by the time the repairs were completed, a pair of military pilots had accomplished the feat in a Fokker T-2.Bowlus modified the Cloudster to carry 10 passengers. With the Ryan-Cloudster and three Ryan-Standards that Bowlus had modified to carry four passengers each, they founded The San Diego - Los Angeles Airlines. It began operations on March 1, 1925 ferrying passengers on a regular schedule between San Diego, California and Los Angeles, California. Ryan Airlines

The company's first production aircraft was the Ryan M-1 monoplane mail plane, which flew in 1926. The Ryan M-1's development was begun by William J. Waterhouse at Glendale, California's Grand Central Airport in 1924 with assistance from the Ryan Mechanics Monoplane Co., as the Waterhouse and Royer Cruzair. In 1925, Ryan purchased the incomplete project and a partial set of blueprints and Hawley Bowlus completed it in a San Diego waterfront cannery building, with substantial internal redesign. Ryan marketed it as the Ryan M-1, at one point displaying it on an elevated platform in San Diego, sporting a large banner saying "Built in San Diego".An improved version, the M-2 was also developed, which differed primarily in having a much better wing spar. <mask> sold his half interest in all three companies, the 'Ryan Flying Company', 'The San Diego - Los Angeles Airlines', and 'Ryan Airlines' to his business partner, Benjamin Franklin "Frank" Mahoney on November 23, 1926, but was still on the payroll at the end of that year. <mask>'s role after this point is disputed, but it is known that he was not present for the planning and development of Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis or the related Ryan Brougham, although they were enclosed and enlarged developments of the M-1. The Ryan Aeronautical Corporation
<mask> used the money to buy the US distribution rights for the German Siemens-Halske Sh 12  radial engine. He took delivery of the first examples in December 1926 and mounted one on the Ryan M-2 he had received from Mahoney as a part of their agreement. In late January 1927, he began touring the country to drum up sales of the engines with the Siemens-Halske powered M-2, marketing them as the Ryan-Siemens 9. Returning to San Diego that summer, he formed the T. C. Ryan Flying School and in October of that year, he formed the first Ryan Aeronautical Corporation to sell the engines.Soon after, he was sued for using the <mask> name without the letters "T. C." attached to distinguish it from Mahoney-Ryan Aircraft Corporation, which had subsequently moved to Lambert-St. Louis Flying Field in Missouri, while his failure to manufacture the Siemens & Halske engines stateside forced the German-based Siemens & Halske company to buy him out in 1928. <mask> then took a hiatus, during which time little is known of his activities but <mask> may have been buying up new land created between Dutch Flats and the factory where the Spirit of St. Louis was built from material dredged from San Diego Harbor. The "new" Ryan Aeronautical Corporation

In 1931, <mask> opened a flying school in San Diego, which he named the 'Ryan School of Aeronautics'. This company was one of many around the country that served the government's need for pilot training through the Civilian Pilot Training Program as they were increasing their readiness prior to World War II. <mask> decided to produce his own trainer aircraft, and returned to manufacturing. In 1932, he formed the 'new' Ryan Aeronautical Corporation, the second incarnation of the Ryan Aeronautical Company, which became known as "Ryan Aircraft". It was the fourth and last company to bear his name.The aircraft it was to manufacture took two years to complete, and in 1934 the S-T Sports Trainer flew for the first time. The ST was a very successful design which was widely used by civilian and military organizations worldwide and over 1500 were built. The ST was followed by S-C Sports Coupe, with an enclosed side-by-side cabin, although this didn't sell as widely and only 13 were built before the war, and the focus on the ST ended production. Immediately prior to the start of the war, <mask> developed the YO-51 Dragonfly for observation and liaison, but were unable to interest the military who preferred the Stinson O-49 instead, and only built three. Later, during World War II, <mask> developed the FR-1 Fireball mixed jet/piston power carrier-based fighter of which 71 were built, and one prototype for the improved XF2R-1 Dark Shark, which replaced the piston engine in the nose with a turboprop. After the war, Ryan bought the North American Navion design and built it as the Ryan Navion. They also developed and produced the Firebee and related drones, which saw extensive use during the Vietnam War and for which they became well known.They also developed a series of experimental vertical take off and landing aircraft exploring different ideas, including the X-13 Vertijet tailsitter, the VZ-3 Vertiplane, the XV-5 Vertifan and the XV-8 Flexible Wing Aerial Utility Vehicle although none of these led to a production aircraft. <mask> sold Ryan Aeronautical to the Teledyne Corporation in 1969 which then rebranded as Teledyne-Ryan and which continued to produce a variety of pilotless drones as well as airframes for the AH-64 Apache helicopter. Despite there being no connection beyond T. <mask> having founded both, Teledyne-Ryan continues to be claimed as the successor of the company that built the Spirit of St. Louis. Teledyne later sold off the drone division to Northrop Grumman. Later years
After his retirement <mask> formed a new company with his son Jerome to develop and market the Ryan ST-100 Cloudster, a motor glider the elder <mask> had designed. The aircraft was type certified as both a light aircraft and powered glider, but <mask> died before production was commenced and only one was completed. <mask> died September 11, 1982, in San Diego, California.He his wife, Zeta Gladys Bowen <mask>, outlived him, but passed away in 1997. Honors
 1948 - Presidential Certificate of Merit, given by President Harry S<mask> Award
 1965 - International Aerospace Hall of Fame inductee
 1966 - Mr. San Diego, awarded annually by Civic Leaders of San Diego
 1970 - Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
 1971 - Service to Aviation Award, awarded by the National Business Aircraft Show
 1974 - National Aviation Hall of Fame inductee
 1975 - Honorary Fellow of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots
 1981 - Aerospace Life Achievement Award, awarded by AIAA San Diego to a living aerospace pioneer with more than fifty years' experience advancing the frontiers of aeronautics
 1982 - Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Bowers, Peter M. "The Many Splendid Spirits of St. Louis." Air Progress, Volume 20, No. 6, June 1967. Cassagneres, Ev. The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis: From the Drawing Board to the Smithsonian.New Brighton, Minnesota: Flying Book International, 2002. .
 Hall, Nova. Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris. Sheffield, Massachusetts:  Safe Goods Publishing, 2003. .
  Sprekelmeyer, Linda, editor. These We Honor: The International Aerospace Hall of Fame. Donning Co. Publishers, 2006. . External links
Aerospace Memorial Biography
Horatio Alger Association Membership Profile

Aviators from California
Aviators from Kansas
People from Parsons, Kansas
Businesspeople from San Diego
History of San Diego
1898 births
1982 deaths
American people of Irish descent
American aerospace engineers
Engineers from California
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American businesspeople

masks:
Tubal Claude Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Claude Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
. Trumanger


title: KZ Tandingan

texts:
<mask> (born March 11, 1992), mononymously known as <mask>, is a Filipina singer and rapper hailed as Asia's Soul Supreme. She rose to prominence following her win on the first season of The X Factor Philippines in 2012. That same year, she won Aliw Award for Best New Artist. She has released notable songs in the Philippines such as "Darating Din", "Mahal Ko o Mahal Ako" and "Two Less Lonely People in the World", which peaked at number 2 on the Philippine Hot 100 in 2017. <mask> is one of the members of the Filipino girl group DIVAS along with Yeng Constantino, Kyla, and Angeline Quinto. She became known internationally when she joined Singer 2018, a popular singing competition aired on HBS. Life and career

Early life
<mask>an started singing as a child but had to stop when she was in her junior year in high school after suffering from a throat problem.She is an alumna of University of Southeastern Philippines in Davao City and had graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Science in Biology. Before she joined The X Factor Philippines, Tandingan was part of a local acoustic band. 2012: The X Factor Philippines
Tandingan was considered an early favorite after she performed a jazzy version of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow" in the fourth week of the Judges' auditions. After receiving a standing ovation from all the judges, she was requested to sing again. Tandingan obliged and sang "Ready or Not" by American hip-hop group, The Fugees. With her second song, she also showed her rapping skills. Tandingan was greatly praised by all of the judges.Nievera even shouted, "A star is born in Digos!". The video of Tandingan's audition went viral online after it was uploaded in YouTube. The video reached nearly 1 million views before it was removed due to copyright issues. During the Bootcamp stage, she sang "Mahirap Magmahal ng Syota ng Iba" by the APO Hiking Society and cried after she made the cut for the Top 20. Tandingan sang "Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack during the Judges' home visit. On week 9, she landed on the bottom 2 for the first time with teammate Allen Sta. Maria, but she survived elimination.<mask> was Charice's last remaining act after Allen Sta. Maria was eliminated on week 9. She reached the grand finals on October 7, 2012, and was proclaimed the winner of The X Factor Philippines. Performances and results

2012–present: post The X Factor
On January 7, 2013, Tandingan entered the Himig Handog contest with the song entry called "Scared To Death", written by Domingo Rosco Jr. The song was accompanied with a music video that was assigned as a project to be directed by University of Santo Tomas and premiered on February 2 in Myx Philippines. She performed the song in the grand finals on February 24, 2013 at the SM Mall of Asia Arena. Overall, the song finished in 4th place and was the third runner-up for Best P-pop Love Song thus rewarding the writer of Tandingan's song one hundred thousand pesos in cash.On April 21, 2013, she toured across North America as a supporting act for pop band Side A. On May 2, 2013, <mask> released her self-titled debut album. The album was produced by Jonathan Manalo and consists of mainly original songs with some covers. On June 27, 2013, she officially launched the album on Makati City. On January 11, 2014, <mask> won ₱1,000,000 in The Singing Bee where she accumulated 4 straight songs correctly. In the show, she did not make a single error in the first 2 rounds and eventually won a tie-breaker against co-contestants Frenchie Dy and Sitti, who also did not commit any errors throughout the game. The following year, she was announced as one of the eight contestants for the second season of Your Face Sounds Familiar along with Myrtle Sarrosa, Sam Concepcion, Cacai Bautista, Kean Cipriano, Denise Laurel, Michael Pangilinan and Eric Nicolas.The show ran from September 12, 2015 to December 13, 2015. and she was the 3rd runner-up. <mask> was then announced as one of the celebrity mentors in We Love OPM in 2016, being the mentor of Team O Diva. The show ran from May 14, 2016 to July 17, 2016. She is currently seen in ASAP, as one of the ASAP Soul Sessions with Jason Dy, Daryl Ong, Jay R and Kyla. The Soul Sessions formed on May 15, 2016, and disbanded in late 2017. Singer 2018
On February 9, 2018, <mask> competed as a weekly challenger on China's Singer 2018 wherein she placed first on her debut round on week five. She sang her own rendition of Adele's "Rolling in the Deep".She remained as a contestant on the show until her elimination on week nine. On February 16, 2018, Tandingan sang the Mandopop song in her own rendition, "The Hurts You Never Knew" (Chinese: 你不知道的痛), a combination of three pieces of songs "What Else Do You Want From Me"(Chinese:你還要我怎樣) by Joker Xue, "All The Things You Never Knew" (Chinese:你不知道的事) by Wang Leehom and "Still Aching" (Chinese:還隱隱作痛) by Power Station. She was allowed to remain in the competition for ranking third in the top four, per the competition rules for a challenger. On March 16, 2018, Tandingan sang "Royals" where she was the third person to perform. That week was a double elimination (after one contestant was too ill to perform and was given bye that week), and per the competition rules the two singers receiving the lowest count of overall votes would be eliminated. She finished last on the overall votes, which resulted in her elimination of Singer 2018 (another contestant, James Li, was also eliminated for finishing 7th on the overall count after a challenger of the week successfully placed in the top four). <mask>'s stint in the show had made international music fans noticed her unique and creative musical artistry in the different music genre.Her eventual elimination created a flurry of criticism from social media commentators and the Chinese fans she has built during her short stint in the show. On Weibo, China's equivalent of Twitter, <mask> Tandingan became the second most talked about a topic after her elimination. As a rule, however, all eliminated singers except singers who withdrew and singer in the first round returned for the breakout episode (aired April 6, 2018) for a chance to re-enter Singer 2018 and qualify for the grand finals. Tandingan performed a Tagalog/Mandarin rendition of Anak and finished 7th, and was unable to advance to the finals. Despite her elimination, she later returned as a guest singer (along with former winner Coco Lee) for a performance from Jessie J (who was the series winner) in the grand finals aired April 13, 2018. DIVAS
On April 27, 2016, <mask> was announced to be part of the DIVAS girl group along with Kyla, Yeng Constantino, and Angeline Quinto (Rachelle Ann Go was originally planned to be part of the group, but left due to international commitments). The group staged their first concert titled DIVAS Live in Manila on November 11, 2016 at the Smart Araneta Coliseum.On December 15, 2018, the group staged their second major concert at the Smart Araneta Coliseum with Boyz II Men titled Boyz II Men with DIVAS. Concerts & Tours

2016
On April 27, 2016, it was announced that a girl group named DIVAS, composed of Tandingan, Yeng Constantino, Kyla, Rachelle Ann Go and Angeline Quinto would debut with their first concert at the Smart Araneta Coliseum titled DIVAS: Live in Manila on November 11, 2016. However, Go left the group due to scheduling problems. 2018
KZ held her first major solo concert Supreme: <mask> Tandingan at Mall of Asia Arena on June 22, 2018. She shared the stage with some of the biggest artists in Philippines, including fellow ASAP Soul Sessionists Kyla, Jason Dy and Daryl Ong, her biggest rap influence Gloc-9, Malaya hitmaker Moira Dela Torre, singer Iñigo Pascual, and rapper Shanti Dope. Shen then embarked on her first world tour, the "Supreme: World Tour". On October 31, 2018, KZ returned to the MOA Arena Stage, this time performing alongside Chinese singers Fish Leong, A-Lin, Faye at the PDMN "To Youth Nice To Meet You" Phil-Chi Star Concert.On December 15, DIVAS returned to the Araneta Coliseum, staging a collaboration concert with the international R&B vocal trio Boyz II Men. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Filmography

Television

Films

Notes

  The table above only includes Tandingan's significant appearances, therefore guest appearances are not included. Awards

References

External links

Living people
1992 births
21st-century Filipino singers
21st-century Filipino women singers
Filipino women pop singers
Mandarin-language singers
Singers from Davao del Sur
Star Magic
Star Music artists
The X Factor Philippines
The X Factor winners

masks: Kristine Zhenie Lobrigas Tandingan Monterde


title: Karl Binding

texts:
<mask> (4 June 1841 – 7 April 1920) was a German jurist known as a promoter of the theory of retributive justice. His influential book, Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens ("Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Living"), written together with the psychiatrist Alfred Hoche, was used by the Nazis to justify their T-4 Euthanasia Program. Life
Binding was born in Frankfurt am Main, the third child of <mask> and <mask>. In 1860 Binding moved to Göttingen where he studied history and jurisprudence. After a short stay in Heidelberg, where he won a law prize, he moved back to Göttingen to finish his studies. In 1864 he completed his habilitation paper in Latin about Roman criminal law and lectured in criminal law at Heidelberg University. Two years later he was appointed professor of law of state and criminal law and procedure in Basel, Switzerland.In the same year he married Marie Luise Wirsing and published Das burgundisch-romanische Königreich and Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches für den Norddeutschen Bund. At this time he also became friends with Johann Jacob Bernoulli  - an archaeologist, Jakob Burckhardt - an art historian, and Friedrich Nietzsche - a philosopher. In August 1867 his first son, Rudolf Georg, was born, followed two years later by his second son. Rudolf G <mask> later became a famous writer. <mask> and his wife were to have one more son and two daughters. In 1869 his family moved to Freiburg, and Binding volunteered to fight in the Franco-Prussian War. Although his lack of military training meant he was unable to serve as a soldier, he was accepted as an orderly and posted to the front, serving in a field hospital.In 1872 he took on a post at the Reichs University in Straßburg. In the same year he moved to Leipzig University, where he was to continue to work for the next 40 years. From 1879 until 1900 Binding worked in the district court of Leipzig. After becoming Leipzig University's rector and receiving his emeritus, he moved to Freiburg, where his wife died only a few days later at 71 years old. In 1918, during the First World War, Binding left Germany to lecture German soldiers in Macedonia and Bulgarian intellectuals in Sofia. Ideas

Allowing the destruction of life unworthy of living: Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens

This was the title of one of Binding's most infamous books, co-written by the psychiatrist, Alfred Hoche. The book was divided into two parts, the first written by Binding, the second by Hoche.Binding discussed the consequences that the legal status of suicide would have on euthanasia and the legality of killing the mentally ill. Hoche concentrated on the relationship of doctors to their patients and the seriously ill. (See Alfred Hoche.) Binding and Hoche are noted for the influence their work had on the Nazis and especially the Aktion T4 Euthanasia Program. Two possible interpretations of German law

In Binding's own interpretation of the law in 1920s Germany, suicide or attempting suicide was not illegal and should be treated as being within the law. This would mean that no-one would have the right to stop a person from killing themselves and that a person who wants to die would even have the right to defend themselves against such an attempt. Binding goes on to assume that the right to suicide would then also have to be transferable to another person; meaning that a person also has the right to let someone else cause their death if they so wish. In this case, anyone that has killed a seriously ill person, acting on the behalf of that person, has acted within the law. Binding's second possible interpretation of German law meant that suicide was neither legal nor illegal.He argued that the law concerning murder only referred to the killing of other people and not to suicide. In this case suicide would be perfectly legal, but euthanasia, involving the killing of another person, even with their permission, would have to be treated as murder. Again, if suicide is not illegal, then no one can stop another person from killing themselves. <mask> noted that in reality, the majority of people who prevent a suicide attempt are not usually prosecuted and that most people who are prevented from killing themselves do not make a second attempt. He was of the opinion that in a case of prosecution due to euthanasia, the court should differentiate between the taking of a healthy life and a terminally ill person. Definition of euthanasia

Binding defined euthanasia as occurring when a person gives a terminally ill person, with the intention of reducing pain, a medicine which either immediately or eventually leads to that person's painless death. For a case of euthanasia to stay within the law, the medicine must enable the person to die painlessly at or around the same time as they would have otherwise died.In this way the doctor is simply exchanging the cause of death, from a painful one caused by illness to a painless one caused by a medicament. Any killing which involves the shortening of a life was seen as unlawful. Binding claimed the killing of the terminally ill was not an exception to the law against murder but was a lawful act in the interests of the patient. It put an end to their terrible suffering and should not be seen as a killing but as a reduction in their suffering. Binding did not think it necessary to obtain permission from a person who was to be killed, but if they were able to and expressed the wish to live, that wish must be respected. Binding split the group of people which he wanted to be considered for killing into three groups, "two larger ones and a middle group". 1 A person who has been mortally wounded or is terminally ill and has somehow communicated their wish to die.The person does not have to be in pain, it is enough that they are in a helpless condition and that their condition is incurable. It is also irrelevant if the person could be saved in another situation. 2 A person that is incurably mentally ill. Binding describes these people as having neither the will to die, nor the will to live. They are "living pointless lives and are a burden for society and their families". He also believed it to be unfair on carers to keep such “lives unworthy of living” alive. 3 The people belonging to the middle group, were “mentally healthy” people, which having suffered a serious injury are now unconscious.If they ever awake, they "will awake to a nameless suffering". "Their killing should not be seen as a killing as such but as saving the person from a terrible end." Binding could not work out a general rule for the killing of this group. Importantly he accepted that many killings of these people would actually be unjustifiable, although this would only be evident after death. He believed that the law would treat such killings as manslaughter. This led him to argue for a new law to allow for such killings which according with his views would have been "justifiable". Binding wanted a committee to decide on a killing on a case-by-case basis.The committee was to consist of a doctor, a psychiatrist or other doctor and a jurist to check that the committee was acting within the law. The committee would be able to call witnesses and was also to have a chairperson - without voting rights - to run the proceedings. Neither the applicant nor their doctor could be members of the committee. An applicant could represent themselves, be represented by their doctor, family or anyone they had asked. Binding was of the opinion "that it is quite possible for a person under the age of 18 or for the mentally ill" to decide whether they want to live or die. After a committee had checked that a person fulfils the criteria, it could make a decision. For a decision to be final, it would have to be agreed upon by all three parties and must be made purely out of pity and the killing must be done painlessly.Any person could withdraw their application to be killed at any time, including after the decision had been finalised. In the case of an unconscious person or the mentally ill, Binding allowed the final decision to be made by the mother. If the family were willing to take on the person themselves or pay the costs of hospitalisation, the person would not be killed. In the case of a conscious person the person's wishes were to be respected regardless of  the interests or requests of the family. Killings without the jurisdiction of a committee

Binding also wanted to allow for killings that were not controlled by a committee. Such a killing would only be legal if the person killing had either acted with permission, or on the assumption that an unconscious person wanted to die. After the death a committee must be able to be satisfied that the killing fulfilled all of the usual requirements.Binding argued that although there is always a possibility of killing the wrong person, "that which is good and reasonable must take place irrespective of any possibility of error". He saw the risk of losing a life as unimportant because "humanity constantly loses so many lives by mistake, that just one more would hardly make a difference". Publications by Binding

Das burgundisch-romanische Königreich: Geschichte des burgundisch-romanischen Königreichs
Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches für den Norddeutschen Bund
Die Normen und ihre Übertretung. Eine Untersuchung über die rechtmäßige Handlung und die Arten des Delikts
Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens, Hoche A, Binding, K. Felix Meiner Verlag, Leipzig, 1920 (2nd Edition 1922)

Publications about Binding

 Kaufmann, Arnim: Lebendiges und Totes in Bindings Normentheorie, Schwartz 1954
 Klaus-Peter Drechsel: Beurteilt Vermessen Ermordet. Praxis der Euthanasie bis zum Ende des deutschen Faschismus. Duisburg 1993,
 Ernst Klee, «Euthanasie» im NS-Staat. Die «Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens», Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt a.M. 1985
 Rezension mit dem Titel „Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens“, verfaßt von Dr.F.Limacher aus Bern, Internationales Ärztliches Bulletin, Dezember 1934, Nummer 12 (Erscheinungsort: Prag), 181–183, hier 183, neu erschienen in Beiträge zur nationalsozialistischen Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik, Band 7, Internationales Ärztliches Bulletin, Jahrgang I-VI (1934-1939), Reprint, Rotbuch Verlag, Berlin 1989. See also
Eugen Fischer

References

External links

 Allowing the Destruction of Life Unworthy of Life - English translation
 Die Freigabe der Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens - Original version

German eugenicists
1841 births
1920 deaths
Jurists from Hesse
Euthanasia activists
Writers from Frankfurt
Aktion T4

masks:
Karl Ludwig Lorenz Binding
Georg Christoph Binding
Dorothea Binding
Binding
Karl Binding
Binding


title: Joyce Cobb

texts:
<mask> (born June 2, 1945) is an American singer specializing in jazz and R&B. She is closely associated with traditional blues and jazz in the style of Memphis Minnie, Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, and Sarah Vaughan. She has had a wide-ranging career as a solo artist and vocalist, having charted several country, pop, and R&B singles in the 1970s and early 1980s, later recording as a jazz vocalist. Biography

Early years (1945-71)
<mask> was born on June 2, 1945 in Okmulgee, Oklahoma and first sang in her grandmother's church. In 1955 her family moved to Nashville, Tennessee, when her father was hired at Tennessee State University as the head of the Health and physical education department. Her parents owned a large record collection of music that was influential on her at a young age. Her first vocal training during that time was at Cathedral of the Incarnation, during grade and high school.This mainly consisted of singing requiems and pontifical high masses. She sang in the girls' glee club and choir during that time; also; <mask> had 14 years of private piano training. From 1963 to 1967 she attended Central State University and acquired an undergraduate degree in Social Welfare. Her professional music career started in Dayton, Ohio singing with different blues and jazz bands. While pursuing a master's degree at Wright State University in social work by day, she was singing in clubs at night. She was offered a road gig singing in duo with Bill Temme for Ramada Inn hotels and quit pursuing a vocation as a social worker to become a professional singer and songwriter. Between 1969 and 1971 <mask> was on Ramada Inn's Midwest circuit for entertainment, performing in duo under the title <mask> and William [Temme] Duo both singing and playing guitars.Nashville (1971–75)
After two and a half years working for the Ramada hotel chain she returned to Nashville in 1971 and worked in a variety of musical genres appearing at Opryland, on radio, and on television. She was one of the first acts at Opryland USA in 1972 and was voted "Best Performer" in 1974. She became a regular fixture on WSM-AM radio's The Waking Crew with Ralph Emery, in addition to the Ralph Emery Show on NBC affiliate WSMV-TV, broadcasting out of Nashville. She also was a regular guest on Teddy Bart's The Noon Show, also on WSM-TV. During that time she had cut her first single for the Truth Records label and was first nationally recognized in the May 1975 edition of Billboard with her single "He Just Loved You Out Of Me" in the "Best potential hit" list. This first country music single was to launch her career, it was the last time she would record in that genre. Memphis (1976–91)
Due to her earlier success in country music with a promising hit single, in 1976 she was signed with Stax Records and put under contract.Unfortunately the label was in decline at this time: <mask> in fact would be the last artist signed to Stax  as the label went out of business shortly after she moved to Memphis. She stayed in the city due to the difference and diversity in musical styles she was now exposed to as compared to her initial professional work in Nashville, "...everything was Black---Black music, Black bands. I said, 'Oh, I want to stay here.'" Shortly after her move to Memphis Al Bennett acquired Hi Records in 1977; <mask> then become an artist for Bennett's Cream Records. Cream produced a different set of artists than <mask> started with in Nashville, they had a solid reputation making soul, R&B, and disco recordings. With Cream, she first recorded a Top 40 hit single in 1979 with her original tune Dig The Gold. It was distributed in North America under for the Cream label and sold in Europe under the Polydor label.The single showed her versatility as both a performer and writer; a reggae style song that was put to a funk/disco beat. Dig The Gold charted to #42 for Billboard and #10 for Cashbox giving her a first real success as an internationally recognized pop artist. With her reputation growing as a contemporary pop singer and writer who could handle a variety of styles, she was contracted by Atlantic Records to record with the Toronto-based disco group T.H.P. Orchestra. She recorded as the lead, solo vocalist on T.H.P. 's last studio album: Good To Me. The LP would end up charting at #16 in the dance category for Billboard.The next year she had another release which charted for 6 weeks with Billboard topping out at #90 for Cream in the R&B category: How Glad I Am.<ref>'{{YouTube|75UM9uJLPo4|'How Glad I Am single}}</ref> She was honored as being #4 in the December edition (for 1980) Billboard End of the Year Awards list for New Female Single Pop Artist in the company of singers Irene Cara (#1), Charlie Dore (#2), and Bernadette Peters (#3). She was the opening act for Al Jarreau and The Temptations during this time. During the 1980s she recorded a number of records under contract with Willie Mitchell on his Waylo Records label. From 1984-1987 she recorded several singles, one of which made it to #3 on the British R&B charts: her earlier success with Dig The Gold paved the way for that single to chart well overseas. She toured internationally in the Netherlands with Waylo artist Otis Clay to promote the label and current releases for both artists. It was even rumored in Nashville and Memphis that she would return to her earlier successes recording country music but that never materialized with either the Cream or Waylo record labels. <mask>'s club, Beale Street, and more (1992-present)
1992 through 1996 she was honored with a music venue/jazz club on Beale Street under her name, <mask>'s.She is the only woman to have a club named after her on the street while also honored by having a brass note on the Beale Street Walk of Fame. The club had a measure of success when starting out featuring musical acts such as George Coleman, Jimmy McGriff, Herb Ellis, Marvin Stamm, James Williams, and Maria Muldaur. Unfortunately the venue only lasted four years due to the financial viability being less than expected, ending up getting bought out by another club owner. It was then in 1996 she was honored with the installment of her brass note on the Beale Street Walk of Fame. She also toured the United States and Europe with the highly acclaimed Beale Street Jazz Band, recording two CDs with the group during this time. Starting in 1997 <mask> served as the co-host with Sam the Sham on the nationally syndicated radio program Beale Street Caravan broadcasting on over 260 stations in North America and worldwide over the Armed Forces Radio Network. Since 1983 she has had her own radio show on WEVL Memphis presenting blues, jazz, and cutting edge American jazz vocalists.The TV show Sounds of Memphis was premiered on WKNO (PBS) in 1995 and was modeled after Austin City Limits; <mask> was featured on this show and it brought her back into a national spotlight. Though the show did not go past four episodes it did propel her into further musical prominence. In the late 1990s she forwarded the concept of Sounds of Memphis to help write the script for the show Beale Street Saturday Night which it has had success as a live show in the mid-part of the country. This was her first in-road to what has been an acting career later in her professional life. In 2006 she recorded on the soundtrack of Black Diamonds: The Story of Negro League Baseball as part of the internationally recognized exhibit presented at the Memphis Pink Palace Museum. In the last 16 years <mask> has been the lead actress and singer for numerous award-winning live productions to include Ain’t Misbehavin, Lady Day at the Emerson Bar and Grill and The Devil's Music: The Life and Times of Bessie Smith.Christopher Blank, "Bessie's blues, straight up -- <mask> is impressive in portrayal of legendary singer's final performance", The Commercial Appeal, April 14, 2006. <mask> was contacted by Ward Archer in 2009 to record a CD for his recently formed Memphis record label, Archer Records.It was her first solo recording as a jazz artist and again showed her versility and artistry as a recording artist. In 2010 she toured Europe with the Michael Jefry Stevens Trio promoting the CD release for Archer Records. Presently she continues to perform every Sunday in Memphis, Tennessee at Bosco's as well as playing many other engagements internationally. She has also seen the re-issue on CD (digital re-master) of her earlier successes with How Glad I Am on a compilation in 2012 and T.H.P. 's album in 2013. Musical style and music educator
<mask>'s musical style is derived from but does not mimick blues and jazz singers such as Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, and Sarah Vaughan (among others). She is a fluent and adept scat singer and improvisor who has a wide range of timbre and emotion in her presentation of songs.Her musical background has been diverse having sung country, disco, R&B, soul and jazz. This diversity has created a unique sound that does not really directly mimick any other singer; she has her own signature style. "<mask>'s big, vivacious voice can interpret everything from pop to country to classical to her truest love, jazz." She is a very pro-active advocate of music education and the history of singing style in American pop and jazz music. <mask> has served for close 20 years as adjunct vocal professor at the University of Memphis School of Music. She has worked with younger jazz vocalists and musicians at the Stax Music Academy helping aspiring younger artists. Awards and honors
 New Female Single Pop Artist, End of the Year Awards list, Billboard magazine, 1980
 Best Female Singer, Memphis Chapter of NARAS, 1986, 1988, 1997
 Best Female Entertainer, Beale Street Merchants Association, 1995
 Honorary doctorate in music, Grand Valley State University, 1995
 Music Pioneer, United Music Heritage, 2000
 Initiative award, Women of Achievement, 2000
 Emissary of Music, Memphis and Shelby County Music Commission, 2009
 HEBE Award, Memphis Symphony League, 2009
 Best Vocalist, Memphis Flyer readers' poll, 2011 and 2012

Discography

References

 External links

 <mask>, Wikipedia DE
 <mask>, Resource Entertainment
 <mask>, The University of Memphis
 <mask>, Herschel Freeman Agency

Bibliography
 DeCosta-Willis, Miriam.Notable Black Memphians (2008), Cambria Press, Amherst, NY, . pp. 90–92. Elkington, John. Beale Street: Resurrecting the Home of the Blues, History Press. , pp. 89
 Geran, Paul.Woman with Guitar: Memphis Minnie's Blues (1992), Da Capo Press, p. 86
 Handy, D. Antoinette. Black Women in American Bands and Orchestras, (1998), Scarecrow Press, , pp. 123–24. Herzhaft, Gérard. Encyclopedia of the Blues (1997), University of Arkansas Press, , pp. 137, 235. Lisle, Andria.Evans, Mike. Waking up in Memphis (2003), Sanctuary Publishing. , pp. 82–84
 <mask>: Deeply rooted in the blues, jazz and gospel'' Jazzpodium, 10 (2010), pp. 9

1945 births
African-American women singer-songwriters
American women jazz singers
American jazz singers
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American soul musicians
Jazz songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Oklahoma
Soul-jazz musicians
Torch singers
Living people
Memphis blues musicians
Scat singers
Traditional pop music singers
Vocal jazz musicians
Soul-blues musicians
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Jazz musicians from Tennessee
Jazz musicians from Oklahoma
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American women singers

masks:
Joyce Renee Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Joyce
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Joyce Cobb
Joyce Cobb