title: Cristina Peri Rossi

texts:
<mask> (born 12 November 1941) is a Uruguayan novelist, poet, translator, and author of short stories. Considered a leading light of the post-1960s period of prominence of the Latin-American novel, she has written more than 37 works. She has been a pioneer and one of the female authors associated to the Latin American Boom. <mask> lives in Barcelona since 1972, after a civic-military dictatorship was established in Uruguay and censored her works. She has translated into Spanish authors such as Clarice Lispector and Monique Wittig. She has worked for several newspapers and media agencies such as Diario 16, El Periódico and Agencia EFE. <mask> won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize in 2021, the most prestigious literary award in the Spanish-speaking world.Life
She was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, November 12, 1941, but was exiled in 1972 after a civic-military dictatorship was established. She moved to Spain, where she became a citizen in 1975.  she lives in Barcelona, where she continues to write fiction and work as a journalist. She studied at the University of the Republic. Journalism
<mask> <mask> is active as a journalist and political commentator in Barcelona. She is a radio journalist for the public Catalan station Catalunya Radio. She was fired from this position in October 2007 and accused the station of 'linguistic persecution', claiming she was fired for speaking Spanish instead of Catalan. She was later re-instated to her post after an outcry.She is well known for her defense of civil liberties and freedom of expression. She has long supported gay marriage and welcomed Spain's decision to recognize it. In an El Mundo article in March 2006, she spoke out against the rise of religious extremism in Europe, and specifically the violence that followed the 'Danish Cartoons Affair'. In the article she expresses her support to the 'Together Facing the New Totalitarianism' Manifesto, which was published in the left-leaning French weekly Charlie Hebdo in March 2006. Literary criticism
She was part of the Latin American Boom, a movement associated with authors such as Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar and Carlos Fuentes. La nave de los locos (The Ship of Fools) (1984) is generally regarded by critics as <mask> <mask>'s most important work. It is an experimental novel which takes the form of a pastiche of travel writing.The protagonist, Equis, is a misfit who travels to a number of deliberately vague locations. By inviting the reader to see modern society through the eyes of Equis, <mask> <mask> is using the technique of defamiliarisation to produce a biting satire of today's world. This includes a strong dose of feminism: Equis eventually renounces his own sexuality, declaring that there is "harmony in impotence," which can be read as a denouncement of patriarchial and phallogocentric society. More generally, the work shows toleration and arguably even idealisation of sexualities that have been traditionally considered dissident, including gerontophilia and controversially, in the character Morris' love for a ten-year-old boy, pedophilia. The novel exposes the dangers of arbitrary dictatorial government in its inclusion an emotional depiction of a concentration camp in a country which remains unspecified, but which could be based on any of the various Latin American dictatorships of the latter half of the twentieth century. The title of the book is taken from the Ship of Fools legend, which is reworked by <mask> <mask> in the novel itself. The novel shows sympathy for those condemned to the ship of fools and there is a clear parallel between this medieval episode and the modern-day aforementioned concentration camp passage.The themes established in La nave de los locos are ones which <mask> revisits in other works. Her latest novels include Solitario de amor (Solitaire of Love) (1989), La última noche de Dostoievski (Dostoyevsky's Last Night) (1992) and El amor es una droga dura (Love is a hard drug) (1999). All of these novels are formally less experimental than Nave. They deal with male protagonists who, like Equis, gradually explore their sexualities, discovering that they have to renounce traditional gender roles both in sexual behaviour and in the real world to find fulfilment. However, there is little political commentary in these novels. <mask> <mask> has also produced an impressive amount of poetry, again covering many of the ideas outlined above. The lesbian eroticism of Evohé (1971) caused a scandal when first released.In 2004, <mask> <mask> published Por fin solos, a collection of short stories where love is a result of eroticism and frustration. The lovers, whatever their condition or sex, seek a reason in the beloved so that they may feel saved, as is the case in "Náufragos". <mask> <mask> also uses (determinedly) symbols that link with the deterioration of heterosexual relationships, such as the bottle of lye, the scarf, and flowers, among others. <mask> <mask>'s book Estrategias del Deseo, which was also published in 2004, was found so moving and inspiring by Latina lesbian writer Tatiana de la tierra that de la tierra decided to translate the book to English (Strategies of Desire). (English translations of poetry by <mask> <mask>, Gabriela Mistral, and Giannina Braschi).The Best of Review: Celebrating the Americas Society's 40th Anniversary,'' editors Tess O'Dwyer and Doris Sommer, Routledge, Francis & Taylor, London, 2005. (English translation excerpts of Latin American literary classics by <mask> <mask> and her contemporaries Luisa Valenzuela, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Derek Walcott, and Giannina Braschi). References

External links
 Official Web site in Spanish
 Cristinaperirossi.org (Unofficial Web site in English)
 Profile at escritoras.com (Google translation)
 Full text of her short story "Rumors" at WordsWithoutBorders.org

1941 births
Living people
Uruguayan expatriates in Spain
Uruguayan women novelists
Uruguayan novelists
Premio Cervantes winners
20th-century Uruguayan poets
Uruguayan women short story writers
Uruguayan translators
Uruguayan people of Italian descent
Uruguayan women poets
Uruguayan activists
Lesbian writers
LGBT writers from Uruguay
LGBT writers from Spain
20th-century novelists
20th-century translators
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Uruguayan women writers
21st-century Uruguayan women writers
21st-century Uruguayan writers
Portuguese–Spanish translators
Recipients of the Delmira Agustini Medal
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Cristina Peri Rossi
Peri Rossi
Peri Rossi
Cristina Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Peri
Rossi
Cristina Peri
Rossi
Cristina Peri
Rossi


title: Silas Papare

type: original

texts:
<mask> (18 December 1918 – 7 March 1978) was a Papuan–Indonesian politician and guerilla leader who is a National Hero of Indonesia. Originating from the Yapen Islands, Papare trained and worked as a nurse prior to the Second World War, during which he organized local resistance and gathered intelligence against occupying Japanese forces. While he initially held pro-Dutch views after the war, this shifted after he was not delegated to the Malino Conference and he was influenced by Sam Ratulangi into founding the pro-Indonesian Indonesian Irian Independence Party. Following a failed uprising against the Dutch, he was imprisoned before he left Papua in 1949, only once returning in 1950. He became a legislator between 1954 and 1960 and had participated in the Round Table Conference and the New York Agreement. Papare then began criticizing the Indonesian government's actions in Papua throughout the 1960s and was briefly arrested, though he later returned to the legislative body. He died in 1979, and was made a National Hero in 1993.Early life and education
<mask> Donrai <mask> was born in the town of Serui, in the Yapen Islands, on 18 December 1918, from father <mask> and mother Dorkas <mask>. At the time, Serui was one of the most open parts of Papua to external influences and ideas. He enrolled at the local village school (Volkschool) at the age of nine and graduated in 1930, working at his parents' farm for a year before pursuing further education at a nurse school in Serui starting in 1931. <mask> was among some of the first to be educated in the Dutch civil servant schools in Papua, which were established in 1944. After he completed school in 1935, <mask> worked in Serui for some time before moving to work at the Dutch oil firm NNGPM's company hospital at Sorong in 1936, where he was a head nurse. Due to personnel shortages in Serui, <mask> was reassigned there in 1940. Wartime career
Since 1939, a Koreri movement was started by Angganita Manufandu from Sowak, this movement was formed in opposition to foreign occupation and Christianity which was replacing local religion centering on Biak.When Japanese forces arrived in New Guinea, Angganita was captured which resulted in a second iteration lead by Stefanus Simioparef. Open fighting against the Japanese forces started on 10 October 1942, on Manswan Beach South Biak, which resulted in about 2000 local casualties. This resulted in another Koreri rebellions in Yapen-Waropen, centering in East Yapen. During this time Papare as intelligence operative of NEFIS, made contacts with former Koreri rebels in the jungle. During the Pacific War, Papare became known as a middleman between Allied authorities and Papuans, and he sided with the Allies throughout the conflict. He organized local resistance against Japanese forces around the Cenderawasih Bay area and provided intelligence to allied forces there, particularly after the Battle of Hollandia. According to his diary, on 1 May 1944, an allied plane landed on Nau island, He swam toward it and was given map of American position as well as an American flag, which was important symbol for local cargo cult movement, as well as sign for allied planes of the area.On 1 June 1944, he was entrusted to lead a re-organised local guerilla forces against Japanese forces. He sent three papuans, Otniel <mask>, Abiatur, and Yehuda from Manokwari to allied position in Hollandia to report on Japanese position in Nabire and Manokwari. While <mask> and Eliezer Jan Bonai returned to their base in Nau island awaiting allied forces. Based on Papare reports, allied forces were able to sank Daito Maru, Japanese supply ship heading to Serui. Afterward local forces lead by him were able to take over weapons from Japanese forces. Papare headed back to Nau from Serui in torpedo boat to scout Japanese position in Warenai and Sorong and supervised the construction of local defense in 13 days. Attack by allied forces began on 10 August 1944, based on his report, they were able to bomb Japanese position, furthermore he was involved in attack on Japanese forces in Mugim, on 17 August 1944.He was also involved in the preparation of the last attack on leftover Japanese position in Cendrawasih Bay, in Post Mowari and Manokwari. The attack was initiated on 22 September 1944, at 4 am in the morning. In this attack, Markus Kaisiepo and Frans Kaisiepo were freed, even though they were members of Kenpeitai Auxiliary Forces. With the success of these attack, all Japanese forces in Cendrawasih Bay surrendered to Allied forces. After the war, he was awarded the Bronze Lion by the Dutch government, and was given the military rank of a sergeant. Anti-colonial struggle

Immediately after the war, once Dutch authorities took over Papua's administration from the Allies, <mask> became the head nurse in Serui. Although he was entrusted to be advisor to Sugoro Atmoprasojo Bestuur (civil servants) school set up by Resident Van Eeechoud.Notable students of these school included Markus Kaisiepo, Frans Kaisiepo, Nicolaas Jouwe, and Lukas Rumkorem. At that time, his anti-Indonesian views were known, stemming from his observations of Indonesian civil servants in Papua being submissive to Japanese authorities while being repressive against Papuans. Although he would also made contacts pro-Indonesian figures such as Marthen Indey from Papuan Batallion, as well as Corinus Krey, who was adjudant to Atmoprasojo, from his hospital work in Harapan village. He would be involved in the formation of student organization tasked of helping Sugoro Atmoprasojo, with other members including Lukas Rumkorem, Yan Waranu, G. Sawari, S.D. Kawab, and Corinus Krey. Harapan Village would be the basis of Pro-Indonesian movement at this time. In December 1945, Atmoprasojo alongside his students would launched an attempted rebellion alongside KNIL, former members of Kempeitai and Papuan Batallions, with the plan to be executed on 25 December 1945.Dutch authorities would be alerted by a member of Papuan Batallions on 14 December 1945, and in an attempt to split the potential rebel forces spread rumours that Muslim members attempted to attack Christian villages during this attack. KNIL forces from Kloofkamp, Hollandia who were predominantly Christians would mobilized and attack Harapan Villages located 40 km away. Utilising forces from Rabaul, Dutch authorities would also capture 250 people possibly involved in this attack. Atmoprasojo, Corinus Krey, Marthen Indey and eventually Papare would be captured and sent to prison in Hollandia. Due to these, Dutch authorities decided to send Frans Kaisiepo instead of Papare to the Malino Conference to represent Papua in the formation of the State of East Indonesia, to not alienate the Ambonese whose support were crucial for the formation of the pro-Dutch “State of East Indonesia,” a decision which slighted Papare. On 17 July 1946, coinciding with Malino Conference, Panggoncang Alam ( Hamid Siregar ) would lead a failed rebellion to free Atmoprasojo and other captured figures by disarming KNIL troops and attacking vital installations, because of Papare and Indey possible involvement, they were exiled to Serui. Earlier in June 1946, Sam Ratulangi (the Indonesian Republican Governor of Sulawesi) was already exiled to Serui, he would eventually made contact with both exiles.<mask>'s newfound dislike for the Dutch, coupled with Ratulangi's background as a medical practitioner by trade, resulted in <mask> developing pro-republican views, and by November 1946, <mask> had founded the Indonesian Irian Independence Party (Partai Kemerdekaan Indonesia Irian, PKII). Ratulangi became the general adviser to the party, which was then the largest and most active political party in West Papua. By 17 August 1947 (the second anniversary of the proclamation of Indonesian independence), <mask> had led an Indonesian flag-raising ceremony in Manokwari. Papare attained a sort of a messianic reputation locally, regarding being a savior from Dutch colonialism into an imagined utopia under Indonesian rule. Independent Indonesia
<mask> Rachman his deputy and Serui locals, though he was moved to Biak because the Dutch authorities claimed he suffered memory loss. Using this same reason, Papare tricked the Dutch authorities to fled to Java, in 1949, leaving PKII leaderless. Although on 16 March 1949, PKII released a motion that it still exist to support integration with Indonesia and asked to be involved in negotiation of Indonesia-Netherlands-UN (KTN).In Yogyakarta on October 1949, he founded the Irian Revolutionary Body (Badan Perjuangan Irian) and he later attended the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference as representative of PKII. He briefly returned to Papua in 1950 as the Indonesian delegation in the Dutch–Indonesian Commission surveying the region. <mask> would not return to Papua, though PKII remained the dominant party in Papua throughout the 1950s. Between 1951 and 1954, <mask> worked in hospitals in Jakarta, before he was appointed to the Provisional People's Representative Council on 24 March 1954 to replace the deceased Rajiman Wediodiningrat. In 1953, Indonesian government formed Irian Bureau, where <mask> became the first Commisioner, to fight for Indonesia integration and serve as embryo for governorship. He intended to become the future provincial government for Papua. Although these efforts would fail, which lead to the dissolution of Irian Bureau.The central government alongside Papare, would reform Irian Bureau to became Irian Barat Governorship in 1957. He was reappointed to the Provisional People's Representative Council in 1956, as one of the delegations from Papua. He maintained his parliamentary seat until his pensioning in 1960. Canadian researcher David Webster claimed that in 1961 <mask> told the American Ambassador to Indonesia at the time that he intended to return to Papua to support the growing independence movement, and that he was threatened with arrest for his criticism of Sukarno, despite <mask> being considered as the future Indonesian governor of Papua at that time. In 1962, he was sent to New York City as part of the Indonesian delegation lead by Subandrio alongside other Papuan representatives which include J.A. Dimara, Albert Karubuy, Frits Kiriheo, M. Indey, and Somisu, which culminated with the New York Agreement. <mask> was arrested in 1962 during UN administration, though he had been released by 1963 and he returned to the parliament.In 1966, he and other Papuan parliamentarians criticized the central government’s neglect of Papua and demanded that the "Act of Free Choice" to be held. Papare was particularly critical of government's military actions in the campaign against the OPM revolts in the mid-1960s. He died on 7 March 1978 in Jakarta, and he was buried in Serui. Legacy

<mask> was declared a National Hero of Indonesia in 1993. His name was given to a Parchim-class corvette of the Indonesian Navy, a political school in  Jayapura, and as a road name in Serui. Additionally, an Indonesian Air Force Base in Jayapura Regency is also named after him. References

Bibliography

1918 births
1972 deaths
National Heroes of Indonesia
Indonesian Christians
People from Papua (province)
Members of the People's Representative Council, 1950
Members of the People's Representative Council, 1955
Recipients of the Bronze Lion
People from Yapen Islands Regency

masks:
Silas Ayari Donrai Papare
Silas Ayari
Papare
Musa Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Silas Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Paparewi
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare


title: Henry Seekamp

texts:
<mask> (1829 - 19 January 1864) was a journalist, owner and editor of the Ballarat Times during the 1854 Eureka Rebellion in Victoria, Australia. The newspaper was fiercely pro-miner, and he was responsible for a series of articles and several editorials that supported the Ballarat Reform League while condemning the government and police harassment of the diggers. After the Rebellion was put down, he was charged, found guilty of seditious libel, and imprisoned, becoming the only participant to receive jail time. After an embarrassingly public squabble with visiting actress Lola Montez and the court case that resulted from it, he sold The Times and left Ballarat. He died eight years later, aged only 35. <mask> is thought to have been born in 1829 in London, England, however some historians point to his surname being of German origin. After achieving a degree in Bachelor of Arts from an unknown university, and arriving in Victoria in 1852, he had reached the Ballarat goldfields by 1853.He tried prospecting for gold, presumably meeting with some success as he was able to afford a printing press and the not inconsiderable cost of its transport to Ballarat in 1854. During December 1853 he began living with another recent arrival, Irish born actress Clara Maria Duvall. She and two of her three children adopted his surname, but there is no record of a marriage. The Ballarat Times was run in their household, on Bakery Hill, close to Gravel Pits. The newspaper was successful, more land was purchased, and the small house they started with grew into a collection of buildings consisting of a printing office, stables, kitchen, separate residence, office and coach-house. He served as secretary to the committee that planned to build a hospital for the miners of Ballarat, and was a great supporter of The Ballarat Reform League in their lobbying to improve conditions for the men working at the diggings. He was also responsible for printing the Ballarat Reform Charter and the many flyers advertising speakers and dates for the "monster meetings" organising support prior to the rebellion.His fellow rebel, Raffaello Carboni described him as "a short, thick, rare sort of man, of quick and precise movements, sardonic countenance; and one look from his sharp round set of eyes, tells you at once that you must not trifle with him" commenting that he was; "Of a temper that must have cost him some pains to keep under control, he hates humbug and all sort of yabber-yabber". Writings

At first Seekamp was hopeful of change from new Victorian Governor Sir Charles Hotham, who had told the miners he would not neglect their interests, and wrote an approving editorial after the Governors visit to the goldfields. But by September 1854 he was suggesting that despite protestations, Hotham had secretly ordered the police to invigorate the search for unlicensed miners. (Ballarat Times, 30 September 1854)

In increasingly strident editorial tone the four-page weekly broadsheet newspaper criticised the Government and supported the diggers movement. On the Ballarat reform movement Seekamp wrote:

"This league is nothing more or less than the germ of Australian independence. The die is cast, and fate has cast upon the movement its indelible signature. No power on earth can now restrain the united might and headlong strides for freedom of the people of this country ...The League has undertaken a mighty task, fit only for a great people – that of changing the dynasty of the country." (Ballarat Times 18 November 1854). His writing has been described as "flowery", to the point of causing some courtroom amusement at police difficulty in translating what they actually considered "sedition" from the somewhat florid language, but Geoffrey Blainey considers that while "extravagant at times... many of his sentences were compelling, eloquent and even pithy." Much later in life, <mask> was quoted as saying "If Peter Lalor was the sword of the movement, my husband was the pen." Arrest and trial
On the day after the massacre at the Eureka Stockade, on 4 December 1854, Governor Hotham declared Martial law in Ballarat. <mask> was arrested in his office, all copies of the newspaper were confiscated, and he was charged with sedition for a series of articles published in the Ballarat Times. The articles may actually have been written by George Lang, son of prominent politician the Reverend John Dunmore Lang, or James Manning; historian Clare Wright theorizes that his wife Clara may have been the author.Certainly <mask> claimed that he had not written them, and had been away from Ballarat on business when they were printed as part of his defence. He was tried and convicted of seditious libel on 23 January 1855, after the judge directed the jury that as a point of law, an editor was liable for the contents of his newspaper and stated that in his opinion, the articles were seditious. After a series of appeals, the Chief Justice, Sir William à Beckett, sentenced him to six months imprisonment on 23 March 1855. The thirteen men brought to trial after him were found either not guilty, or had their charges dropped. He was released from prison on 28 June 1855, three months early, after public outcry and a 3,000 signature petition organised by <mask>. He was the only man to spend time in prison as a result of actions during the rebellion. During his imprisonment, his wife took over the editorial duties on the newspaper and proved similarly outspoken.He returned to Ballarat after he was released and continued to edit the Ballarat Times. Later life

In 1856 <mask> wrote a scathing review in the Ballarat Times of visiting actress Lola Montez and her erotic Spider Dance, criticizing her for immorality. After taunting him onstage, Montez accosted him while he was drinking at a local hotel, chasing and beating him with her riding whip; Seekamp responded in kind, and the pair had to be separated by onlookers. Montez sued him for slander, and he sued her for assault. Both of these claims were dismissed, but Mr. Lewis, solicitor to Montez, personally sued for libel and was awarded 100 pounds. This widely publicized, embarrassing incident and the consequent loss of popularity combined with <mask>'s failing health, led to the final sale of the Ballarat Times in October 1856. Although present at the 2nd-anniversary celebrations of the Eureka Stockade in 1856,  by 1860 he was editor of The Telegraph in Twofold Bay, although that position ended in charges of embezzlement which were later dismissed.<mask> eventually moved to Brisbane, where he advertised under the name "Mons. <mask>, formerly Professor in the Institut Chatelain, Paris" as a French language teacher in 1862. Clara and the children remained in Melbourne. He died of  'natural causes accelerated by intemperance'  at the Clermont gold diggings in Queensland on 19 January 1864, at the age of 35. He was inducted into the Melbourne Press Club's Hall of Fame in 2012. See also
 Eureka Rebellion
 Australian sedition law
 Ballarat

References

External links
 Brief for the Prosecution against <mask> (Seditious libel) - Public Records Office
 Poem published by Melbourne Punch satirizing the fight between Lola Montez and <mask>. <mask>'s advertisement in The Courier 16 September 1862

1829 births
1864 deaths
People from Ballarat
People convicted of sedition
19th-century Australian journalists
Male journalists
19th-century male writers
Australian rebels

masks:
Henry Erle Seekamp
Life Seekamp
Clara Seekamp
Seekamp
Seekamp
Clara Seekamp
Seekamp
Seekamp
Seekamp
Henri Seekamp
Henry Seekamp
Henry Seekamp
Henry Seekamp


title: Mokgweetsi Masisi

texts:
<mask> (born 21 July 1962) is the fifth and current President of Botswana, serving since 2018. He served as the 8th Vice President of Botswana from 12 November 2014 to 1 April 2018. He was a Member of Parliament in the National Assembly for the Moshupa-Manyana constituency from 2009 to 2018. Early life and education
<mask> is the son of <mask> (1923–2003), the long-time MP for Moshupa and many-time cabinet member. The younger <mask> grew up in Gaborone, attending Thornhill Primary School and Maru A Pula School. One of his three brothers, Tshelang, was the MP for Francistown West for many years, while another is a retired army general. He also has a sister, Phadi.In school, Masisi competed in soccer and tennis, but ultimately found acting to be his calling. In 1984, he won acclaim for his portrayal of the lead role in a Gaborone production of Cry the Beloved Country. He has taken part in several South African films. In the 1980s, Masisi became a high school social studies teacher after graduating from the University of Botswana in 1984 in English and History. He taught at Mmanaana Secondary School in 1984 in Moshupa village before moving on to the University of Botswana in 1987 as a curriculum development specialist. In 1989, he went to Florida State University to obtain a Master's degree in social sciences education, after Masisi met some FSU faculty members working in Botswana for the Junior Secondary Education Improvement Project. Following graduation, he was employed by UNICEF in Botswana.Career
<mask> unsuccessfully sought the nomination of the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) to stand in Moshupa constituency in the 2004 general election. However, he obtained the BDP nomination for the same seat prior to the 2009 general election and won the seat. He was promptly appointed as Assistant Minister for Presidential Affairs and Public Administration in October 2009. After a little more than a year as an assistant minister, he was appointed as Minister for Presidential Affairs and Public Administration in January 2011. <mask> became Minister of Education and Skills Development in an acting capacity in April 2014. He was re-elected to his seat in Parliament in October 2014, and was appointed as Minister of Education and Skills Development on 28 October 2014. <mask> was appointed as Vice President of Botswana by President Ian Khama on 12 November 2014 while remaining in his post as Minister of Education.President Khama appointed <mask> as the Chancellor of the University of Botswana on July 5, 2017. The appointment, which was in consonance with Section 7 of the University of Botswana Act of 2008, was for a period of five years. It followed the death of former President Quett Masire, who served as the Chancellor until he died on June 22, 2017. On April 1, 2018, he was sworn in as the 5th President of Botswana. After he ascended to the presidency, his predecessor Ian Khama left the ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) to found the Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF). Khama criticized <mask> for lifting the ban on elephant hunting and called his decision to appoint Masisi as his successor a "mistake". On October 13, 2018, Masisi received an honorary doctorate from the University of Botswana.Some commentators have criticized this decision, and claimed that the correct process was not followed. 2019 elections
In October 2019, <mask> was re-elected as Botswana's president after the BDP faced the biggest threat to its unity in more than five decades, following Khama's move to the opposition, accusing Masisi of authoritarianism. In the 2019 Botswana general election, Masisi received a 52.65% majority of the vote and received a majority of seats in the National Assembly. The 2019 Botswana elections were hotly contested, and the main opposition, the Umbrella for Democratic Change lodged a litany of court challenges alleging irregularities and electoral fraud. The High Court ruled against the allegations and the elections were deemed credible by international observers. Amongst his election pledges, he proposed lifting the ban on elephant hunting and decriminalising homosexuality. When Botswana's Attorney General appealed a court decision decriminalising homosexuality later that year, <mask> (then president) spoke out in favour of the court order.COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic occurred during <mask>'s time in office. The President responded to the pandemic by declaring a state of emergency on March 31st, 2020. After the declaration, emergency powers allowed <mask> to rule by decree for a period of 18 months to September 2021, despite protests from some opposition parties. In December, Botswana found evidence of a new strain, leading to a curfew being enforced from December 24, 2020 to January 3, 2021. After nearly two years of the State of Public Emergency, and threats of protests from the public and opposition parties, <mask> announced he would not renew the State of Public Emergency, which saw him rule by decree for this period, also bringing an end to the curfews that had been in place by the end of September 2021. On 3 January 2022, it was announced that Masisi was in mandatory self-isolation after testing positive for COVID-19 during routine testing. Vice President Slumber Tsogwane would assume the president's responsibilities while Masisi was in isolation.Political opinions
<mask> has been accused by some of having authoritarian views, and contributing to undermining democracy in Botswana. Former President Ian Khama, who has fallen out with Masisi since his election, alleged that Masisi "stifled dissent". In an interview with the Financial Times, and that Botswana's reputation was being undermined locally and internationally, and that democracy was in decline. Masisi is in support of elephant hunting in Botswana, and believes that allowing some ivory trading would allow more funding for conservation. In 2019, he presented stools made from elephant feet to the national leaders of Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe, a move that received some criticism from international media outlets. Masisi reversed the ban on elephant hunting put in place by his predecessor, and removed Botswana's "Shoot to Kill" anti-poaching policy. Personal life

In 2002 Masisi married Neo Maswabi, an accountant who later worked for the United Nations in New York and in Addis Ababa.They have a daughter. <mask> is a noted fan of the Rutgers Scarlet Knights football program. While visiting the United Nations on 22 September 2018, he and his family attended the Rutgers vs. Buffalo game at SHI Stadium in Piscataway, New Jersey. <mask> is colloquially referred to as "Sisiboy" among the population, a play of words on his family name. References

External links

1961 births
Botswana Democratic Party politicians
Botswana educators
Florida State University alumni
Living people
Members of the National Assembly (Botswana)
Presidents of Botswana
University of Botswana alumni
Vice-presidents of Botswana
People from Moshupa
People from Gaborone

masks:
Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi
Mokgweetsi Masisi
Edison Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi
Masisi


title: Prithwindra Mukherjee

texts:
<mask> (Bengali: পৃথ্বীন্দ্রনাথ মুখোপাধ্যায়; born 1936), retired in 2003 from a career as a researcher in the Human and Social Sciences Department (Ethnomusicology) of the French National Centre of Scientific Research in Paris, is an author of a number of books and other publications on various subjects. He is the recipient of India's highly prestigious award Padma Shri 2020 for his work in the field of literature and education. Early life
<mask> was born in Kolkata, India, in 1936, and educated at the Sri Aurobindo Ashram School (at present, the Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education) in Pondicherry. He is the grandson of the Bengali revolutionary <mask> (Bagha Jatin). Professional and academic life
<mask> began his working life as a teacher of Bengali, French and English languages and literature in Pondicherry. He was mentioned by the Sahitya Akademi (New Delhi) manuals and anthologies as a poet before he attained the age of 20. As a specialist in the French language and literature, he translated works by such French authors as Albert Camus, Saint-John Perse, and René Char.He moved to Paris with a French Government Scholarship (1966–70). He prepared and defended a thesis on Sri Aurobindo at Sorbonne. Later he served as a lecturer on Indian civilization and philosophy, producer of several radio features on Indian culture and music for Radio France, and he was also freelancing as a journalist for the Indian and French press. His next thesis for Doctorat d'Etat (Ph.D.), was supervised by Raymond Aron in University Paris IV, on the pre-Gandhi a phase of India's freedom fight. His thesis discussed this movement from 1893 to 1918 and its spiritual roots. In 1977, invited by the National Archives of India as a guest of the Historical Records Commission, he presented a paper on Jatindra Nath <mask> and the Indo-German Conspiracy in the presence of personalities like Arthur L. Basham and Professor S. Nurul Hasan. Prithwindra's original contribution in this area has been recognized by Professor Amales Tripathi, Bhupendrakumar Datta, Dr. Jadugopal Mukhopadhyay, Dr. M.N.Das (Utkal University),¨Professor A.C. Bose, Samaren Roy, Bhupati Majumdar, Basudha Chakravarty. Quite a few of his papers on the subject have been translated into major Indian languages. Life after reaching France
Since his reaching Paris, for a number of years, invited by the literary magazine Desh of Calcutta he published his impressions of Paris life (Paris'ér chithi – Letters from Paris), as well as several cover features including Jatin <mask> alias Bagha Jatin, M.N. Roy, Tarak Nath Das, Dhan Gopal Mukerji, French Revolutionary and the Bengali intelligentsia and the poetry-cum-dance genre of the kîrtana (on which he has also produced a documentary film). He went to the USA as a Fulbright scholar and discovered, especially in the Wilson Papers, scores of files covering the Indian revolutionaries. On returning to France in 1981, he joined the French National Centre of Scientific Research in 1981. He was also a founder-member of the French Literary Translators' Association .He retired from there a few years back. He has published as much in Bengali as in French. One of his recent contributions is a documentary film on the musical pillars in the temples of South India (CNRS-Audiovisual, Paris). Since 1981, <mask> <mask> joined the LACITO of the CNRS (Department of Ethnomusicology) working on a comprehensive cognitive study of scales of North and South Indian music. The eminent author Jacques Attali in his French biography of Gandhi (Fayard, 2007) mentions his debt to PM for having revised the manuscripts and collaborated actively. Later, Mr. Attali has qualified <mask> <mask> as "the man of Franco-Indian Renaissance". On 1 January 2009, the Minister of Culture of France has appointed <mask> <mask> to the rank of chevalier (Knight) of the Order of Arts and Letters.The French Academy (Belles Lettres) selected <mask> <mask> for its Hirayama Award (Prix Hirayama) 2014. On 1 January 2015, the French Prime Minister, requested by the Minister of Education, has appointed <mask> <mask> to the rank of chevalier (Knight) of the order of Palmes académiques (Academic Laurels). Selected bibliography
Danse cosmique – (trilingual collection of selected poems, published on the occasion of the creation of  Correspondances for soprano and orchestra (Dawn Upshaw with the Berliner Philharmoniker, conducted by Sir Simon Rattle) by the senior French composer Henri Dutilleux: it contains as the first movement PM's 'Danse cosmique', in homage to Shiva Nataraja; foreword by Jean Biès, éd. Le Décaèdre/ Findakly, 2003
Sri Aurobindo, 'Biographies', Desclée de Brouwer, 2000
Nandî le Fou et autres nouvelles de Banaphul. Selection of texts, translation, introduction and notes. Gallimard, 1994. Anthologie de la poésie bengalie, choix de textes, traduction, introduction et notes, 1991.301p. Repr. in pocket book, 1992, L'Harmattan. Les écrits bengalis de Sri Aurobindo. Foreword by Olivier LACOMBE of the French Academy. Dervy-Livres, 1986. Chants bâuls, les Fous de l'Absolu, selection of texts, translation in French and English, introduction, notes on esoteric symbols.éd. Findakly/ Ministry of Culture, 1985. Maître Camkara, discours sur le bouddhisme, éd. Trédaniel, 1985
 Le sâmkhya, essai philosophique. Foreword by Professor Guy BUGAULT (University Paris IV). Epi/DDB, 1983. Serpent de flammes, poèmes.Foreword G. MOURGUE. éd. Estienne, 1981
Chants Caryâ, a collection of Bengali sahaj-yâna texts, with introduction and notes, Le Calligraphe, Paris, 1981
Poèmes du Bangladesh, a selection of poems, Publications Orientalistes de France, Paris, 1975 (with LP containing some poems recited by Madeleine Renaud, Jean-Louis Barrault and PM)
Thât/Mélakartâ : The Fundamental Scales in Indian Music of the North and the South, Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi, 2004; foreword by Pandit Ravi Shankar
Prasanga bâul: kichhu durbhâvanâ  ('About the Bâuls : Some Questions') in Ebong mushâyérâ, Kolkâtâ
Sri aurobindo ki samasâmayik ? ('Is Sri Aurobindo our contemporary ?') in Vasudhârâ, Kolkâtâ,
Sri Aurobindo (biography), Sri Aurobindo Institute of Culture, Kolkâtâ, 2003 [Sri Aurobindo Award]
Cognitive Prototypes in Râgas of Indian Music .in Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Linguists, Palais de Congress, 1997, Elsevier Science, Oxford, 1998
"Rabindranâth Tagore" in Les Prix Nobel de Littérature, éd. L'Alhambra, Paris, 1992, pp. 185–191."Rabindranath Tagore" in Encyclopédie Universalis (several editions since 1982)
"Rabindranath Tagore" in Dictionnaire des littératures, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris
Vishvéra chokhé Rabindranath, tributes to the Poet, Rupa & Co, Calcutta, 1991
Undying Courage : Biography of Jatindranath <mask> (one of the founders of the Freedom Movement in India), Academic Publishers, Calcutta, 1992
Sâdhak biplabi jatîndranâth : a comprehensive biography of Jatindranath <mask>, West Bengal Board of Books, Calcutta, 1991
Bâghâ Jatîn, an abridged biography, Dey's Publishing, Calcutta, 4th Edition. Mélakartâ, <mask>, Prithwindra (auteur), Préface de Ravi Shankar, Editions Publibook Université, 2010,
Les racines intellectuelles du mouvement d'indépendance de l'Inde (1893–1918), Préface de Jacques Attali, Editions Codex, 2010

References

 "Prithwindra <mask>" in Translation & Translators: An International Directory and Guide (ed.) Stefan Congrat-Butlar, R.R. Bowker Company, New York & London, 1979, pp153–154, 173, 174
 "<mask> <mask>" in International Who's Who in Translation & Terminology, Union Latine, Paris, Nottingham, Viena, 1995, pp262–3
 "Prithwindra <mask>" in bangiya sahityakosha,(ed.) Ashoke Kundu, Vol. XI,1979, p230
 "Prithwindra Mukherjee" in The Golden Treasury of Indo-Anglian Poetry, (ed.) V.K.Gokak, Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, pxxi, p261

1936 births
Bengali writers
Living people
University of Paris alumni
Indian emigrants to France
French people of Indian descent
Writers from Kolkata
Bengali people
French Hindus
Sri Aurobindo
20th-century Indian translators
Bengali Hindus
20th-century Indian biographers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education

masks:
Prithwindra Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Jatindranath Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Mukherjee
Mukherjee
Mukherjee
Mukherjee
Prithwindra
Mukherjee
Mukherjee


title: El Rubius

texts:
Rubén Doblas Gundersen (; born 13 February 1990), better known as elrubiusOMG or simply <mask>ubius (), is a Spanish-Norwegian YouTuber whose channel primarily consists of gameplays and vlogs. He has the most subscribers in Spain and is among the 50 channels with the most subscribers of the platform in the world. In 2014 he published El Libro Troll (English: The Troll Book). During 2015 and 2017 he published a total of three comics from his Virtual Hero series. He also participated in an anime series based on the comics. A tweet from his official Twitter account was the most retweeted tweet in the world since 2016. The tweet was often retweeted.In 2016, Time magazine included him in its list of "next generation leaders" and named him an "online conqueror". In 2018, he obtained the world record of viewers live during an online YouTube broadcast for an tournament of the Fortnite video game. He is one of the most popular streamers on Twitch, with the third-most-followed Twitch channel in the world. Early life
Rubén Doblas Gundersen was born on 13 February 1990 in Mijas, Málaga, Andalusia, Spain. He is the son of a Norwegian mother named Bente and a Spanish father, with a younger sister named Liv on his mother's side and two brothers on his father's side. When he was three years old, his parents divorced; he and his mother moved to Bergen, where she became a partner with another Spanish person named Héctor, to whom <mask> often refers as "The Godfather" in his videos. He moved back to Madrid because of this.He went through primary and secondary school there. His first console was an SNES, to which he admitted that it was essential to develop his love for video games and geek culture and that if it hadn't been for that he would never have reached where he was. In his high school stage, his parents separated again when aged 16. He relocated to Norway again and finished his studies and returned to Spain with his godfather. He worked as an intern and in a supermarket there. He later entered to study 3D modelling and animation in Arteneo School in Madrid. Career

First channel and beginnings (2006-2011)
Rubén Doblas Gundersen created his first YouTube channel on 2006 under the name of "elrubius".He claimed this channel to be a play on words referring to his name and the fact that he had blonde hair when he was little. His first video "The audience" was uploaded on 8 December 2006. His video was a montage of the video game Grand Theft Auto IV in English. During 2011, he began regularly uploading videos of montages of the newer video game Skyrim, to which Rubius commented on unusual and humorous situations. In January 2012, despite the growing popularity of his videos, he announced that he would change his channel because the one he had at that time could not be associated with a contract with Machinima Network, Inc. This was due to uploading three copyright infringement complaints on YouTube. Growth and popularity (2012-2013)
On 19 December 2011, El Rubius created another channel under the name of "elrubiusOMG".In January, he began to reupload his old Skyrim montages, in addition to other montages in which he commented on situations of various video games such as Battlefield and Happy Wheels. At this time, it was a very popular format on the platform. <mask> was one of the pioneers in making this type of videos known in the Spanish-speaking community. Its popularity began to increase dramatically. On 28 January 2012, he created the video "MI CARA". He revealed his identity for the first time on YouTube there. At this time, he created a segment on his channel called "(X video game) in 1 minute".He tried to summarise a video game in an ironic and humorous way there. This section became one of the most viral sections on YouTube in Spain at this time. On 14 March 2012, he uploaded a parody of Chayanne's song "Torero", to which he modified its title and lyrics to "Minero", alluding to the Minecraft video game. The song was based on the parody. Because the popularity of the video game was emerging at that time, the video became extremely viral. Today, it is the most viewed video in the channel's history, with almost 100 million views. The popularity of the channel and Rubius continued to rise and rise.On 27 April 2012, the channel reached 100,000 subscribers, to which <mask> celebrated by streaming on YouTube, answering questions from his followers. On 22 July 2012, his channel reached 200,000 subscribers. On 29 July, he uploaded a vlog where he met for the first time in-person with Mangel (Miguel Ángel Rogel). He is another Spanish YouTuber who <mask> had met on internet forums when both were teenagers. <mask> and Mangel announced that both would move to live together in Madrid when they got a contract with a production company called BGames. There, they had to dedicate themselves to creating videos for the platform. On 16 September 2012, his channel reached 300,000 subscribers.On 7 October, <mask>  uploaded a video of him in Chatroulette. Chatroulette is a video conference website. There, Rubius showed situations in his conversations with strangers on which the website had. Three days later, he uploaded a collaboration with Willyrex. He remained the largest YouTuber in Spain until 2012. A week later, his channel reached 400,000 subscribers. In December, his channel reached 500,000 subscribers, to which <mask> announced by uploading a montage of himself.Rubius became the most subscribed Spanish channel in November 2012 by surpassing fellow YouTuber Willyrex. In January 2013, he started another segment called "Meet The Rubius" (an allusion to a popular video game series Team Fortress 2 on YouTube). Rubius recounted anecdotes from his personal life there. In a period of two months, on 18 February 2013, his channel reached one million subscribers to enter the 10 Spanish-speaking channels that had that brand (or more) at that time. Two months later, his channel reached two million subscribers. In June 2013, he was invited by Ubisoft Spain as a content creator for E3. In July, he attended the Gamepolis event in Malaga, alongside Mangel and other famous YouTube content creators.10 million subscribers, media appearances and other projects (2014-2015)
In 2014, El Rubius published an interactive book full of challenges titled El Libro Troll (English: The Troll Book). The book reached number one in sales in Spain for eight weeks and was a bestseller at the Madrid Book Fair 2014. The Superintendencia de Industria y Comercio deemed it unsuitable for children and teenagers. It was described by parents as a sexual book. He also made a cameo appearance, this being in Torrente 5, a Spanish comedy film by Santiago Segura. On 25 September, he announced via video that Microsoft would contact him to participate in the Spanish dub for the video game Sunset Overdrive. In February 2015, he became the first Spanish YouTuber whose channel reached 10 million subscribers.In April 2015, he participated in the first edition of the Club Media Fest in Argentina. On 2 June, he participated in an interview on Antena 3 in the Spanish programme Al rincón de pensar. The programme's journalist was Risto Mejide. Rubius agreed to cry after telling Mejide that he was suffering from depression due to the burden of fame and distance from his relatives there. Spanish publishing group Planeta published <mask>' first comic, titled El Rubius: Virtual Hero, in September 2015. In October 2015, he received the Diamond Play Button at the YouTube 10th Anniversary Party in Madrid, along with fellow Spanish YouTuber Vegetta777. During this month, he participated in the second edition of the Club Media Fest in Argentina and Chile.In December, he made a collaboration in a video with the Spanish singer Edurne dancing in the video game Just Dance. Problems with the press and censorship, direct and hiatus (2016-2018)
In February 2016, El Rubius denounced through a video that the Spanish newspaper El Mundo had distorted and manipulated an interview that he himself granted, in order to "sell more". He announced that he would not give any more reports or interviews for the press. In April, <mask> participated in the Colombian edition of the Club Media Fest, where he made a presentation mixing live electronic music, and received the "Youtuber of the Year" award at the 1st Play Awards ceremony held in Palma de Mallorca. In May he participated in a YouTube event in New York with the most famous YouTubers in the world, in which he met PewDiePie in-person. During the event, he organised an event for people over 18 years of age in Barcelona where he performed a concert mixing music. The second part of Virtual Hero, whose title is Virtual Hero II: La torre imposible, was published in June 2016.After surpassing 20 million subscribers in August 2016, <mask> made a big draw with a tweet reading "Limonada". As of September 2019, it is the fifth most-shared tweet in history. In September, he uploaded a video criticising YouTube's system of new anti-censorship rules. There Rubius joked that he was going to have to change his style as "he didn't want to lose his partner and that he loved his money". However, during the video, he went on to break all the new rules imposed, with the video being demonetised and having an age restriction. A couple of weeks later, he uploaded another video denouncing that a new magazine dedicated to gossip about YouTubers he had leaked photos of himself and his partner on their vacations, declaring "I can't believe how this shit of continuing to invade people's privacy is still legal in the middle of 2016". In 2016, the HeYou Games company launched the YouTurbo video game for iOS and Android.There <mask> is a playable character along with other YouTubers, such as Willyrex, DaniRep, iTownGamePlay, TheGrefg, and more. In December 2016, he was part of the promotion of the film Passengers, making a video in collaboration with Jennifer Lawrence and Chris Pratt, protagonists of the film. Later, during an interview with Lawrence on Jimmy Kimmel's late night show, he and the video were mentioned. During 2016 and 2017 he participated in Spanish advertising campaigns of Fanta. In June he participated in the edition of the Club Media Fest in Mexico. In October he participated in the edition of the Club Media Fest in Peru. The third and last part of his comic series Virtual Hero was published in April 2017.It was entitled Virtual Hero III: La máscara del troll. In October 2017, El Rubius announced the production of Virtual Hero, an animated television series produced by Motion Pictures from Barcelona and Jaruyi studio from South Korea, together with Movistar+ and Zeppelin TV, based on his comic series. The plot follows the adventures of <mask>, who must free the 100 best gamers of Trollmask, a vengeful enemy, in a virtual world. Platform switch to Twitch (2018-present)
At the beginning of March 2018, Rubius released a video called La verdad sobre Rubius (English:The Truth About Rubius). There he made an analogy of his personality in his videos on YouTube and in real life introducing a "twin" of his named Gundersen. The video was well-received by its followers. It had many likes.In March 2018, <mask>us broke his world record during a live broadcast of Fortnite, having more than a million viewers tuning in. In this way, he destroyed the record that the streamer had until then. Ninja, on the other hand, said it directly had more than 100 Spanish-speaking streamers. On May 25, he announced that he would withdraw from YouTube for a time due to the fact that in the previous months he began to feel stress, anxious and nervous when recording videos and doing live shows. Rubius later reached 30 million subscribers in July. On 3 October 2018, <mask> uploaded a documentary about his life on his YouTube channel. It was released on Movistar+ on 11 October 2018.It was titled De Rubén a Rubius: un viaje de un Virtual Hero. On 12 October 2018, Virtual Hero, the first anime series released in Spain, premiered on Movistar+. It is directed by Alexis Barroso, illustrated by Lolita Aldea, written by Juan Torres, and based on Rubius' eponymous comic. After his return, <mask> announced that he would start directing on Twitch and prioritise that platform over YouTube, which he would take more as a secondary job. He also resumed the activity of his old original channel elrubius to reupload his content on Twitch there. Because of this, he renamed it to "Rubius Z". In May 2019 he announced that Epic Games contacted him to hold a competition in Fortnite.There players had to speedrun a map of his and the winner took 3 million euros. In mid-2019 he made a cameo in the movie Father There Is Only One. During January 2020, he carried out a promotion for the film Bad Boys for Life. There he uploaded a video together with the protagonists of the film Will Smith and Martin Lawrence. In February, he made a transmission on YouTube where he counted down to the Season 2 premiere of the Virtual Hero anime. In July, he uploaded a teaser on Twitter where he was going to make an announcement in response to various rumors about the renewal of his contract with Amazon. On July 15, he uploaded a video to YouTube called "The Final Decision".He imitated the video of the announcement of the signing of streamer Ninja to the streaming platform Facebook Gaming there. In reality, he announced that he was staying. Watch Dogs: Legion, a video game developed by Ubisoft and released on October 29, 2020, has <mask>us as a playable character. In October and November 2020, he was one of the coaches in Atresmedia's Top Gamers Academy video game talent show. On 7 November 2020, Rubius uploaded a video on his YouTube channel where he commented on the massiveness of his community and the negative effects this has on social networks to celebrate reaching 39 million subscribers on his channel. Rubius also participated in another promotion with Sony to announce his new ninth-generation video game console the PlayStation 5, along with other YouTubers and popular people from Spain such as Josep Pedrerol, Michelle Jenner, Santiago Segura, Joaquín Reyes, David Broncano, Koke, Carolina Marín, Amaya Valdemoro, Marc Gasol, etc. In December 2020, Rubius uploaded a video to his main YouTube channel, announcing that he was opening a Pokémon card box valued at $20,000 on his Twitch channel.On December 23, he performed the promised opening and the livestream reached 350,000 viewers, achieving the fifth most viewed Spanish-speaking broadcast. On January 2, Rubius announced via Twitter that ,together with Alexby11, they created a Rust series called Egoland that brought together 70 streamers. In their debut they achieved 1.2 million viewers. It was one of the biggest events of 2021 on Twitch and this led to many more series being created with content creators. In October 2021, he announced that he would be part of the movie Uncharted, posting a photo on social media with actor Tom Holland. On the occasion of the tenth anniversary of his first video on YouTube, Amazon Prime Video announced through the Jove Orquestra Simfònica from Barcelona playing the theme Minero the premiere of Rubius X, a documentary about the YouTuber for the 'streaming' platform at the beginning of next year in more than 240 countries. Content and reception style
The content of El Rubius' channels are primarily gameplays, sketches, vlogs, and montages, mostly related to video games, with the particularity that they are made with humour, satire, and sarcasm.One of the most notorious points of its success and virality in his videos is due to the charisma, naturalness, simplicity, and direct language that he has, in addition to connecting with his audience and establishing a strong connection with the people (in average between 14 and 23 years old) who identify with him. Unlike other television personalities or content creators, he does not play a character, but only shows himself naturally, leading to greater acceptance from the masses. When he first appeared on YouTube trending in 2012, the public was used to commentators like Willyrex, who sought to highlight the details of a video game, in addition to summarising plays in various online games. <mask> offered a change of fresh air, with a more dynamic and more edited content, in addition to performing it with acid, black, absurd, and surreal humour. GQ magazine described him as "the throbbing incarnation of a generation gap", in addition to commenting: "His videos encapsulate a high school mentality that we would never, ever think would be legitimized within such a massive platform. That has been his true triumph: turning something as fleeting as adolescent immaturity, or the clumsy search for identity through the outburst or bullshit, into pure spectacle". The New York Times wrote that "in the videos it is always clear that he lives between two dimensions, that of the screen with its massive audience and that of his room (in a hotel when he travels), his cat and his friends.This double reality leads in The Troll Book, the comics and the anime series". Controversies
During January 2021, <mask> announced via a Twitch broadcast that he was going to move to Andorra to live closer to his friends and avoid the public recognition that he had while living in Madrid. This caused controversy in social networks since several YouTubers and streamers had taken this initiative due to the lower tax burden in that country. During the same statement, he denounced that a Spanish Treasury official charged him in the media for the decision he had made, taking it as unethical. The vice president of the government of Spain Pablo Iglesias criticised this decision through his Twitter account, retweeting a tweet where former athlete Juanma López Iturriaga explained that YouTubers moved to avoid paying taxes. Awards and nominations

See also
 List of most-followed Twitch channels

Notes

References

1990 births
Comedy YouTubers
Spanish-language YouTubers
Gaming YouTubers
Living people
People from Bergen
People from Málaga
Spanish people of Norwegian descent
Spanish YouTubers
Male YouTubers
YouTube vloggers
Twitch (service) streamers
20th-century Spanish people
Spanish emigrants to Andorra

masks:
El R
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
Rubius
El Rubi
El Rubius
Rubius
El Rubi
Rubius
El Rubius


title: Gaius Valerius Flaccus (consul 93 BC)

texts:
<mask> ( early 1st century BC) was a Roman general, politician and statesman. He was consul of the Roman Republic in 93 BC and a provincial governor in the late-90s and throughout the 80s. He is notable for his balanced stance during the Sullan civil wars, the longevity of his term as governor, and his efforts to extend citizenship to non-Romans. He followed a normal course of magisterial roles in his younger years, culminating in his consulship, the highest civil rank in republican Rome. In 92 he was appointed governor of one or both of the Roman provinces in Hispania, inheriting a bloody insurrection. He suppressed it and governed for a lengthy period, with noted punctilio to legal procedures. At some point in the 80s Flaccus was appointed governor of Gallia Transalpina (southern France); it is possible that at the same time he was also governor of Gallia Cisalpina (northern Italy).It is not known whether he retained his governorships in Hispania at the same time. Flaccus remained neutral in the series of conflicts between the Marius-Cinna faction and that of Sulla, until his brother Lucius Flaccus was killed by a supporter of Marius and Cinna. He then shifted towards supporting Sulla, without overtly declaring for him. Sulla triumphed in 82 and Flaccus celebrated a triumph under his dictatorship. Life and career
<mask> Flaccus was praetor, a senior administrative and judicial position, sometime before 95 BC, most probably in 96. An inscription from Claros (in modern Turkey) indicates that following his praetorship and before 95 he held a promagisterial, or senior military, command in the Roman province of Asia. Both he and his brother Lucius, who was a governor of Asia in the late 90s and again for 85, are honored as patrons of the city of Colophon in Ionia.The two are the first Roman governors known to be addressed as patrons of a free city, a practice that became common in the 60s BC. <mask> may have been a candidate for the consulship of 94, losing to the novus homo ("new man") <mask> Caldus, ran against two highly distinguished candidates and beat one of them. It was not unusual for a defeated candidate to run again the following year, as Flaccus did, often with success. <mask> was successful in being elected as a consul in 93; his colleague was M. Herennius. Proponent of citizenship
In 96, while praetor urbanus, the senior magistrate of the city of Rome, Flaccus sponsored legislation to grant citizenship to Calliphana of Velia, a priestess of Ceres. Julius Caesar, in his account of the Gallic Wars, identifies the Helvian Celt Caburus as another recipient of citizenship from Flaccus, during his time as governor of Gallia Transalpina. Caburus followed custom in assuming his patron's gentilic name <mask>.This interest in expanding citizenship may be viewed in the context of the family's moderate popularism and their relations with social inferiors. Modern historian Ernst Badian has pointed out that the Valerii Flacci "were given to taking up new men and families: inscriptions (Inschr. V. Magn. 144f.) reveal a policy of low-class connections." Hispania

Flaccus succeeded Titus Didius as proconsul of Hispania Citerior, a province in north east Hispania, in 92, and assumed his post before the conclusion of his consulship in order to deal with an uprising among the Celtiberi, the major native group of the central-eastern Iberian Peninsula. The historian Appian says the revolt was motivated by the exceptional cruelty and treachery of Didius, who had dealt with unrest and crime among the poor by promising them land to live on and then luring them into a trap.When the families had assembled within a Roman fort for the required registration, Didius slaughtered them all. While implying that the revolt against Didius was justified, Appian's account of the subsequent actions of Flaccus is not overtly critical. In an attempt to restore order, Flaccus engaged in armed conflicts that left 20,000 Celtiberi dead. At Belgida, however, the local senate refused to issue an official declaration of war against Rome, or were perhaps still deliberating. The rebels set fire to the structure and burned their own senators alive. The local reaction to the mass murder of their governing class was no doubt mixed. Flaccus appears to have been successful in halting large-scale violence, perhaps because he capitalized on any outrage or ambivalence within the community at the deaths of their senators and executed those responsible.Flaccus remained in Hispania longer than any other Roman governor had up to that time, and he seems to have been in charge of Hispania Ulterior as well as Citerior. His extended command probably resulted from the disruptions of the Social War and its aftermath, and the civil wars of the 80s. After stabilizing the region, Flaccus appears to have governed prudently and with respect to legal authority. Contrebian water rights
Flaccus remained in Hispania as governor at least until 87, as evidenced by the Tabula Contrebiensis, a bronze tablet on which are inscribed his civil laws pertaining to boundaries and water-rights arbitration. The document is written in Latin and based on Roman legal formulae, but the judges are the local senate of Contrebia Balaisca (near present-day Botorrita). Flaccus understood the legal issue as a distinction between ager publicus and ager privatus, publicly held and private land. He used a legal fiction to show how the principles of the two communities involved in the dispute could be applied mutually, and provided a Roman legal framework within which the Contrebians could cite precedent from Celtiberian law.Gaul

At some point in the 80s Flaccus was appointed governor of Gallia Transalpina (Transalpina). The other Gallic province was Gallia Cisalpina (Cisalpina), the ethnically Celtic north of Italy. The two Gallic provinces were often governed jointly, and no other promagistrate is recorded for Cisalpina, for the period 87–82, so Flaccus may well have governed both provinces jointly. Scholars have been unable to determine the extent to which Flaccus's terms as governor in Hispania and Gaul were overlapping or sequential, as a continuous line of succession can rarely be traced for any province. A dual governorship of both provinces has been disparaged as "unprecedented", but no other promagistrate is documented for Hispania in this period, and since the senate only began assigning Transalpine Gaul as a regular provincia in the mid-90s, administrative arrangements were still evolving. By 85, Flaccus was "firmly installed" in Transalpina, though Cicero, as Badian notes, refrains from calling him the lawful governor there. He was acclaimed imperator and retained his province until he celebrated a triumph over Celtiberia and Gaul in 81.It is possible to argue that by the mid-80s, Flaccus was responsible for both Gallia Transalpina and Cisalpina, as well as Hispania Ulterior and Citerior. The longevity of Flaccus's command has been cited as evidence that the prolongment of Julius Caesar's term in Gaul in the 50s, and the five-year proconsular commands granted to Pompeius Magnus and Marcus Crassus after their joint consulship in 55, were less exceptional than has sometimes been thought. The case of Quinctius
In 83 BC, Flaccus was brought into a property dispute between Publius Quinctius and Naevius. Quinctius had inherited land in Transalpina from his brother, <mask>, along with attached debts. Naevius, who had been the brother's business partner, tried to foreclose on the property, and ejected Quinctius by force. Flaccus ruled that Naevius had seized the property improperly and ordered restitution. Two years later, the case, still dragging on, helped launch the career of Cicero, who in 81 was a young advocate in his mid-twenties arguing on behalf of Quinctius: the speech survives as the extant pro Quinctio.Role in civil war
If Flaccus governed both Hispanias and both Gauls, or any combination of the four provinces, the armed forces at his disposal were unmatched in the western empire. "The loyalty of these armies," it has been noted, "was crucial to the State." Until 85 BC or later, Flaccus either supported or acted in no way contrary to the interests of the Marian and Cinnan faction, which held the consulship from 87 to 82 BC. He appears to have been attempting to preserve legitimate authority while remaining neutral in the factional conflict, though the Valerii Flacci were generally popularist in their politics and had strong ties to <mask>. The death of Flaccus's brother, Lucius, marks a turning point. <mask> Flaccus was the suffect consul who completed Marius's term after his death in 86. He was sent as governor to the Roman province of Asia, where he was murdered in 85 by the mutinous <mask> Fimbria, who then took command of the troops assigned to Lucius.The Cinnan government failed to take action against Fimbria, who had been a particularly partisan supporter of the Marian faction. Lucius's son, also named Lucius, fled Asia and sought refuge with his uncle in Massalia (present-day Marseille), then still an independent Greek city-state. This nephew was the <mask> Flaccus defended by Cicero in his speech Pro Flacco two decades later. No replacement for Flaccus was sent from Rome, but doubts about his allegiance were perhaps raised. Cinna was assassinated in 84; Sulla returned to Italy in 83, stormed and captured Rome and had himself declared dictator. The Marian-Cinnan faction, now led by the son of <mask>, set about securing Hispania, which Flaccus, given the vastness of his command, could only have been administering through legates, high ranking, semi-autonomous, military officers, such as the disreputable Marcus Fonteius. That the armed forces of Hispania might ally with the Sullan forces now in Italy was a dangerous possibility for the besieged government.When the young Marcus Crassus, the future triumvir, had raised Spanish troops for Sulla in 84, Flaccus did nothing to stop him. Quintus Sertorius, impeccably loyal to the anti-Sullan cause, was sent overland to the Iberian peninsula with a relatively small force in late 83 or early 82. Flaccus allowed Sertorius to march through Transalpina, and Sertorius likewise took no action against the authority of Flaccus. The Marians may have wished to secure their interests in the west without requiring Flaccus to take sides in a direct confrontation: "The government could ill afford to alienate the man even further when he had shown no actual sign of disaffection." Sertorius was a logical successor to govern Hispania because he had served there earlier, and to relieve Flaccus after such a prolonged term was reasonable rather than provocative. No sources identify Flaccus as a Sullan, but the governor could have signalled his displeasure by withholding tax revenues. Flaccus tilts observably only after Sulla gained control of Cisalpine Gaul.Flaccus's cousin, the princeps senatus named <mask> Flaccus (also the name of his brother), may have been an influence in <mask>'s shift toward Sulla. He sponsored the Lex Valeria, the legislation that made Sulla dictator at the end of 82 or the beginning of 81. Flaccus had his triumph under the dictatorship, an honor Sulla would hardly have permitted had Flaccus not supported his regime. Flaccus was in his mid-50s or older at the time. Coinage

After Sulla emerged victorious, the senate authorized Flaccus to strike coinage to cover expenses for his final months in command. Many examples of this military issue have survived. In 82, to commemorate his victories, the mint in Massalia issued a denarius depicting a winged bust of Victory and a caduceus on the obverse.The reverse shows a legionary aquila flanked by military standards. The one on the left is marked with an H (for Hastati, spearmen), the one on the right P (Principes, also a term for spearmen). Below is , for ex senatus consulto, "by decree of the senate". On the left appears , for the name Caius Valerius Flaccus, with IMPERAT (for imperator) on the right. Flaccus's coin is modeled after a Sullan type, and the symbolism of coins minted in Hispania and Gaul during the period frequently advertised "legitimacy and military success". The output has been estimated at 540,000 denarii coins. References

Selected primary sources
Cicero Pro Balbo 24
Schol.Bob. ad Cic. p. Flacc. p. 233, ed. Orelli
Appian, The Spanish Wars 100

Selected bibliography
 Badian, E. "Notes on Provincial Governors" and "Waiting for Sulla." As reprinted in Studies in Greek and Roman History. New York 1964.Brennan, T. Corey. The Praetorship in the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press, 2000. Limited preview online. Frier, Bruce W. "Sulla's Propaganda: The Collapse of the Cinnan Republic." American Journal of Philology 92 (1971) 585–604. Konrad, Christoph F. Plutarch's Sertorius: A Historical Commentary.University of North Carolina Press, 1994. Limited preview online. Lovano, Michael. The Age of Cinna: Crucible of Late Republican Rome. Franz Steiner Verlag, 2002. Limited preview online. Roman patricians
1st-century BC Roman consuls
Ancient Roman generals
<mask>, <mask>

masks:
Gaius Valerius Flaccus
Valerius
Flaccus
Gaius Coelius
Flaccus
Gaius Valerius
Gaius Quinctius
Gaius Marius
Lucius Valerius
Gaius Flavius
Lucius Valerius
Gaius Marius
Lucius Valerius
Gaius
Flaccus
Gaius


title: Barbara Graziosi

texts:
<mask> is an Italian classicist and academic. She is Professor of Classics at Princeton University. Her interests lie in ancient Greek literature, and the way in which readers make it their own. She has written extensively on the subject of Homeric literature, in particular the Iliad, and more generally on the transition of the Twelve Olympians from antiquity to the Renaissance. Her most recent research was a project entitled 'Living Poets: A New Approach to Ancient Poetry, which was funded by the European Research Council. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Trieste, Italy, and lived there until she was 17. She attended a local liceo classico, and then the United World College of the Adriatic.Having been granted a local government scholarship, she studied Literae Humaniores at Corpus Christi College, Oxford in England. She graduated from the University of Oxford with a first class Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1995. She remained at Oxford and completed a Master of Studies (MSt) degree in 1996. Having been granted a graduate scholarship, Graziosi moved to the University of Cambridge to undertake postgraduate research at Magdalene College, Cambridge. She completed her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1999. Her doctoral supervisor was P. E. Easterling, and her thesis was titled "Inventing the poet: a study of the early reception of the Homeric poems". Career
After a brief spell back in Oxford, as a Cox Junior Research Fellow at New College, and then in Reading, as a Lecturer in Greek Literature, she settled in Durham in 2001, first as a Lecturer, and then as a Senior Lecturer in Classics.She is also a doctorate supervisor for the university. In 2003, she was awarded a National Teaching Fellowship. Also in 2003, she was a Summer Fellow at the Center for Hellenic Studies, Washington, D.C. (under the umbrella of Harvard University). In 2018 she joined the classics faculty at Princeton University. She has also been consulted on her work on a number of popular radio stations and television shows, including: discussing the Iliad with poets Carol Ann Duffy and Ruth Padel (BBC Radio 3, Proms Interval Talks), assessing the discovery of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri together with a team of classicists, scientists and journalists (on BBC Channel 4 and Channel 2); arguing about the location of Ithaca with Quentin Cooper and John Underhill (Material World, BBC Radio 4), discussing her work with Bill Buschel on US Public Radio, and talking about Homer and Sappho on BBC Radio 3 (The Essay: Greek and Latin Voices). Publications

Author
 Homer. (Oxford University Press: 2016).The Gods of Olympus: A History. (Profile Books: 2013). (with Johannes Haubold) Homer: Iliad Book VI. Cambridge University Press: 2010). (with Johannes Haubold) Homer: The Resonance of Epic. (Duckworth: 2005)
 Inventing Homer: The Early Reception of Epic. Cambridge University Press: 2002)

Chapter in book
 Theologies of the family in Homer and Hesiod.In Theologies of Ancient Greek Religion. Eidinow, Esther, Kindt, Julia & Osborne, Robin Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 35–61 (2016). Vivere da poeti. In L'esilio della bellezza. Camerotto, A. & Pontani, F. Mimesis.125-38 (2014). 'The poet in the Iliad'. In The author's voice in classical and late antiquity. Hill, J. & Marmodoro, A. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 9–38 (2013). 'Hesiod in Classical Athens: Orators and Platonic Discourse'.In Plato and Hesiod. Boys-Stones, G. & Haubold, J. H. Oxford: 111–132 (2010). 'Commentaries'. In The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 788–801 (2009). 'Horace, Suetonius and the Lives of the Greek Poets'.In Perceptions of Horace: A Roman Poet and His Readers. Houghton, L. & Wyke, M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 140–160 (2009). (with Johannes Haubold) . 'Greek Lyric and Early Greek Literary History'. In The Cambridge Companion to Greek Lyric Poetry. Budelmann, F. Cambridge University Press.95–113 (2007). 'Homer in Albania: the geography of literature'. In Homer in the Twentieth Century: Between World Literature and the Western Canon. Graziosi, <mask> & Greenwood, Emily Oxford: Oxford University Press (2007). 'The ancient reception of Homer'. In The Blackwell Companion to Classical Receptions. Hardwick, L. & Stray, C. Oxford (2007).'L'autore e l'opera nella tradizione biografica greca'. In L'autore e l'opera nella Grecia antica. Lanza, D. & Roscalla, F. Pavia (2006). 'Homer: Die Erfindung des Autors'. In Mythen Europas: Schluesselfigurern der Imagination. Hartmann, A. & Neumann, M. Regensburg: Pusted Verlag.44–65 (2004). 'La definizione dell'opera omerica nel periodo arcaico e classico'. In Momenti della ricezione omerica: poesia arcaica e teatro. Zanetto, G., Canavero, D., Capra, A. & Sgobbi, A. Milan: Cisalpino. 2–17 (2004). 'Competition in Wisdom'.In Homer, tagedy and beyond essays in honour of P.E. Easterling. Budelmann, F. & Michelakis, P. London: Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies. 57–74 (2001). Edited book
 Boystones, George, <mask>, <mask> & Vasunia, Phiroze. The Oxford Handbook of Hellenic Studies. (Oxford University Press: 2009).Graziosi, <mask> & Greenwood, Emily. Homer in the Twentieth Century: Between World Literature and the Western Canon. Classical Presences. (Oxford University Press: 2007). Journal articles
 ‘On Seeing the poet: Arabic, Italian and Byzantine portraits of Homer’. Scandinavian Journal of Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 1: 25–47 (2015). ‘Homer: from reception to composition’.Letras Clássicas 14: 21–33 (2014). (With Carol Ann Duffy) Homeric encounters. Omnibus 6–8 (2005). (With Johannes Haubold) 'Homeric Masculinity: ΗΝΟΡΕΗ and ΑΓΗΝΟΡΙΗ'. Journal of Hellenic Studies 123: 60–76 (2003). Gods and poets in the Odyssey. Omnibus 43: 4–6 (2002).Homer, espionage and Albanian complexities. Omnibus 41: 6 (2001). P.Oxy.4569. 'Demosthenes XIX 1–7, 9–13, 208–22, 309–10, 314–15'. Papyri of Oxyrhynchus 67: 66–80 (2001). Per uno studio di Omero tra il sesto e il quarto secolo. Posthomerica 3: 7–22 (2001).References

Living people
Writers from Trieste
Italian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
Classical scholars of the University of Durham
Year of birth missing (living people)
People educated at a United World College

masks:
Barbara Graziosi
Barbara
Barbara
Graziosi
Barbara
Barbara


title: Marvin Eastman

texts:
<mask> (born June 8, 1971) is a retired American professional mixed martial artist and kickboxer. A professional MMA competitor from 2000 until 2013, he competed in K-1, the UFC, World Fighting Alliance, Maximum Fighting Championship, Shooto, and King of the Cage, where he was Super Heavyweight Champion. A talented athlete, he also played football in the CFL for the Calgary Stampeders. Background

<mask> was born and raised in Merced, California, where he grew up wrestling and playing American football. <mask> began wrestling with his older brother's junior varsity team at an early age, going on to dominate for the Merced High School wrestling team, going undefeated (42-0) in his senior year and winning the California State Wrestling Championship at the 86.6 kilogram/191 pound weight-class. <mask> then continued in college for the now-defunct Merced College team, where he was a two-time NJCAA All-American, in his two years at the school. He was then offered a full scholarship to play football for the University of Washington but ultimately decided to sign with University of Nevada, Las Vegas, where he excelled in two seasons as a running back and fullback for the Running Rebels, and then played for the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League.<mask> then decided that he wanted to challenge himself in the rising world of mixed martial arts, and began training in Muay Thai. Career
<mask> made his MMA debut with King of the Cage in June 2000. He won three straight, including a win over future UFC champion Quinton "Rampage" Jackson before losing to Vernon White. Following his loss to White, <mask> fought future UFC Middleweight Champion Rich Franklin at the World Fighting Alliance's first event, Franklin won by armbar in the first round. <mask> rebounded in the next two WFA events with wins over Alex Stiebling and Tommy Sauer. On August 17, 2002, he caused an upset by defeating four-time world champion Duke Roufus in his first foray into K-1 kickboxing on the K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 in Las Vegas undercard. Roufus was dominant for the first two rounds although <mask> did score a flash knockdown when he caught a low kick and countered with a right cross in the second.Then, in the third and final round, <mask> completed the comeback, landing two knees to Roufus' body and putting him away for good. <mask> made his Ultimate Fighting Championship debut at UFC 43 against another future UFC Light heavyweight titlist Vitor Belfort, Belfort delivered a knee to <mask>'s forehead that dropped him resulting in quite possibly the largest cut in recorded mixed martial art history, thus losing via technical knockout due to strikes in just 1 minute 7 seconds of the very first round. He then returned to King of the Cage to defeat Vernon White via unanimous decision in a rematch. He also made a return to K-1 and competed in the K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas I tournament on April 30, 2004. Against Michael McDonald in the quarter-finals, he dropped the Canadian in round one but was then floored three times himself in round two to lose by TKO. In his third and final outing in the promotion, <mask> fought Ray Sefo in a non-tournament bout at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas II on August 7, 2004. Both men traded heavy leather early on and <mask> took a time out after being poked in the eye by Sefo's toes during a high kick attempt.Immediately following the restart, Sefo swarmed on <mask> and forced the referee to call off the fight. The crowd in attendance booed the stoppage and <mask> himself protested, apparently seeing Sefo's quick attack as sucker punching. Both fighters traded verbal insults and <mask> then attacked Sefo only to be punched to the canvas. As both sets of cornermen got caught up in the ruckus, Nevada Athletic Commission officials were needed to break up the brawl. Late in 2004, <mask> was given another shot in the UFC against Travis Lutter at UFC 50. After a fairly uneventful first round, Lutter caught <mask> with an overhand right, knocking <mask> out cold 43 seconds into the second round. Shortly after his second UFC defeat, <mask> lost a split decision to Jason Lambert at KOTC's Mortal Sin event.He then went 6–1 in smaller shows, with victories over fighters such as Jason MacDonald, Alan Belcher, and Jason Guida in a rematch. In 2006, <mask> became the Elite Fighting Championships (EFC) Light heavyweight Champion with a majority decision win over UFC and PRIDE veteran Travis Wiuff. On July 22, 2006, the WFA reemerged with King of Streets featuring Quinton Jackson, Matt Lindland, Bas Rutten, and Lyoto Machida, among others. <mask> fought to a draw against Jorge Oliviera. <mask> made his third appearance in the UFC at UFC 67, losing a hard fought rematch with Quinton Jackson by knockout in the second round. <mask> won a unanimous decision over Rob Kimmons at IFO: <mask> vs. Kimmons, claiming the IFO's middleweight title. He returned to the Ultimate Fighting Championship at UFC 81 on February 2, 2008, defeating "Dangerous" Terry Martin in a dominant unanimous decision.At The Ultimate Fighter 7 Finale, <mask> was defeated by Drew McFedries in the first round via knockout. In October 2008, <mask> lost to PRIDE and Spirit MC veteran Denis Kang by knockout 48 seconds into the opening round. <mask> was set to fight PRIDE veteran Ricardo Arona in late December but pulled out of the fight due to a knee injury suffered during training. <mask> defeated Aaron Lofton at MFC 21, winning by technical knockout. <mask> lost to Ricardo Arona by unanimous decision in the long-awaited fight at Bitetti Combat MMA 4. A month after his loss to Arona, <mask> fought up and coming Canadian prospect Ryan Jimmo at MFC 22 on October 2. Twenty six seconds into the round, <mask> dropped and almost finished Jimmo with a straight right hand and hammer fist afterward but Jimmo weathered the storm and was able to out strike <mask> for the remainder of the round.In the second round Jimmo kept <mask> at bay with punches and kicks, midway through the second round Jimmo landed an elbow from the clinch that opened a significant gash under <mask>'s left eye; the doctor checked on <mask> and let him continue. With only thirty seconds remaining in the second round <mask> was wobbled by a short uppercut from Jimmo but was able to clinch with the Canadian and survive the round. In the final round <mask> was able to land more clean strikes than he did in the first two rounds, <mask> also managed to take Jimmo down twice; seconds before the final bell Jimmo sent <mask> crashing to the mat with a stiff jab. Jimmo defeated <mask> by split decision. As a result, <mask> had lost five out of his last eight bouts. <mask> faced former professional boxer Dwayne Lewis at MFC 23 on December 4, 2009. Lewis was the aggressor in the fight continually attacking <mask> with punch combinations to the head and body.With only two seconds left in the round, Lewis connected with an uppercut directly to the chin that sent "The Beastman" pummeling to the mat and followed up with three clean shots to the chin of an unconscious <mask> before the referee could pull him off the unconscious <mask> thus giving Lewis the KO win at 4:58 of the first round. Next he fought Steve Bossé, the only significant action in the fight took place in the 1st round where Bossé knocked <mask> down with a left hook. <mask> lost the mediocre bout by unanimous decision. <mask> had lost 8 out of his last 14 fights. He then faced Api Hemara, winning by TKO in the third round and snapping his four fight losing streak but soon lost his next fight he was KO'd by Glover Teixeira. <mask> faced Dmitry Zabolotny at Lou Neglia's Ring of Combat XL in Atlantic City, New Jersey on April 27, 2012, he won the fight via unanimous decision. Making his return to Muay Thai, <mask> was initially set to fight Ricardo van den Bos for the vacant WPMF World Super Heavyweight (+95.454 kg/210.4 lb) Championship at Muaythai Superfight in Pattaya, Thailand on May 13, 2013.The event was pushed back to June 14, 2013, however, and he lost by TKO midway through the second round. On September 28, 2013, <mask> faced Sean O'Connell at SHOWDOWN FIGHTS: XII Buchholz vs. Collard II. <mask> lost via unanimous decision. Personal life
Aside from his fighting career, <mask> also works as a retired corrections officer in Las Vegas. Championships and awards

Amateur wrestling
California Interscholastic Federation
California State Wrestling -86.6 kg/191 lb Championship
National Junior College Athletic Association
NJCAA All-American out of Merced College

Mixed martial arts
Elite Fighting
Elite Fighting Light heavyweight (-92.9 kg/205 lb) Championship
International Fighting Organization
IFO Middleweight (-83.9 kg/185 lb) Championship
King of the Cage
KOTC Super Heavyweight (+120.2 kg/265 lb) Championship
World Extreme Fighting
WEF Light heavyweight (-92.9 kg/205 lb) Championship

Submission grappling
Grapplers Quest
Grapplers Quest Heavyweight (-94.8 kg/209 lb) Championship

Kickboxing record

|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2013-05-13 || Loss ||align=left| Ricardo van den Bos || Muaythai Superfight || Pattaya, Thailand || TKO (punches) || 2 || 1:25 || 17-9
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2011-11-18 || Loss ||align=left| Randy Blake || Xtreme Fight Night 5 || Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA || KO (left high kick) || 1 || || 17-8
|-
!

masks:
Marvin Lee Eastman
Marvin Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman
Eastman


title: Nathan Mavila

texts:
<mask> (born 15 October 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Wingate & Finchley. Early life
<mask> is from the Brixton district of Lambeth, London. He began playing sunday league football with local club Afewee Urban before joining the London County team. In 2008, <mask> joined the academy of English League Two side Wycombe Wanderers. He left Wycombe in 2012 after the club shut down its academy programme. Club career

West Ham United
In 2012, <mask> joined the academy of Premier League side West Ham United. After completing his two-year scholarship, <mask> signed his first professional contract with West Ham in 2014.2014–15
On 15 January 2015, <mask> was sent on a one-month loan to Football Conference North side Wealdstone after playing only 65 minutes for West Ham's U-21s that season. On 17 January 2015, he made his senior debut as a starter in a 4–2 win over Chelmsford City. His loan was subsequently extended for an additional month and <mask> went on to make a total of eight appearances for Wealdstone that season. 2015–16
On 6 August 2018, <mask> was named to the West Ham 18 for the first time, in a UEFA Europa League match against Romanian side Astra Giurgiu, but did not appear in the match. On 9 October 2015, <mask> joined National League side Aldershot Town on a one-month loan as a replacement for previous loan player Nick Anderton. He appeared on the bench for Aldershot on five occasions, but failed to make an appearance. On 10 March 2016, <mask> rejoined Wealdstone until the end of the season and made ten appearances, including three starts.At the end of the season, <mask> was released by West Ham. In April 2016, <mask> went on trial with Italian Serie B side Perugia. He later spent time on trial with several different league clubs in England, including League One side Charlton Athletic. Maidstone United
On 3 September 2016, <mask> signed with National League side Maidstone United. He made six league appearances for the Stones before being released in October of that year. Cambridge City
On 5 December 2016, <mask> signed for Southern Football League side Cambridge City. In early January, <mask> left the club after having difficulties commuting to matches from his home in London.<mask> received the Black Youth Awards Achievements Sportsman Of The Year in December 2016. Third spell at Wealdstone
On 4 January 2017, <mask> rejoined Wealdstone on a permanent basis until the end of the season. He made thirteen league appearances that season, including five starts, and had another two substitute appearances in the FA Trophy. Wingate & Finchley
On 7 August 2017, <mask> signed with Isthmian League side Wingate & Finchley. In November 2017, he went on trial with EFL Championship side Cardiff City. When <mask> left Wingate in February 2018, he had made 43 appearances in all competitions, more than any other player in the squad. Leyton Orient
On 9 February 2018, <mask> joined National League side Leyton Orient until the end of the season.He was released at the end of the season without making an appearance for the club. Hampton & Richmond Borough
After leaving Leyton Orient, <mask> joined National League North side Hampton & Richmond Borough in summer 2018. He made nineteen league appearances for Hampton that season and also played 90 minutes in two of the club's FA Cup ties, including a 1–2 loss to League Two side Oldham Athletic. Dulwich Hamlet
In January 2019, mavila signed with National League North side Dulwich Hamlet. While at Dulwich, he made five league appearances, all of which were starts. Cavalry FC

2019
On 20 February 2019, <mask> made his first move overseas, signing with Canadian Premier League side Cavalry FC, where he reunited with former West Ham United U-21 teammate Jordan Brown. On 8 May 2019, <mask> made his professional debut as a starter in a 1–0 win over Valour FC.That season, he made 23 league appearances, seven in the Canadian Championship and played both legs of the Canadian Premier League Finals. 2020
On 12 February 2020, <mask> re-signed with Cavalry for the 2020 season. He scored his first goal for Cavalry in the first game of the 2020 Canadian Premier League season, a penalty in stoppage time tie the game 2-2 against Forge FC. After the 2020 season, <mask> and the club would mutually agree to part ways, as <mask> would move back to England to be closer to family. Brage
On 25 January 2021, <mask> joined Superettan side Brage on a two-year deal. After appearing in 6 matches, <mask> would leave the club midway through the 2021 season. Return to England
In November 2021, he returned to England and re-signed for Isthmian League Premier Division side Wingate & Finchley.Honours

Club
Calvary FC
Canadian Premier League (Regular season):
Champions: Spring 2019, Fall 2019
 Canadian Premier League Finals
Runners-up: 2019

Individual

 Black Youth Awards Achievements - Sportsman Of The Year: 2016

Personal life
<mask> was born and raised in Brixton, Lambeth, London to parents from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In autumn 2018, he studied Sport and Exercise at the University of East London with the aim of becoming a sport psychologist after his retirement from football. On 7 August 2017, <mask> was arrested at a police checkpoint for using forged documents during his automobile insurance application, which stated he was twenty years older and lived in Kent, in an attempt to have to pay fewer premiums. He pleaded guilty to one count of fraud by false representation and one count of using a motor vehicle without third party insurance, and was sentenced to 40 hours of community service. References

External links

Profile at Football Web Pages

Living people
1995 births
Association football defenders
English footballers
Footballers from Brixton
Black British sportspeople
English sportspeople of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Alumni of the University of East London
English expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in Canada
English expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
English expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
West Ham United F.C. players
Wealdstone F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C.players
Maidstone United F.C. players
Cambridge City F.C. players
Wingate & Finchley F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Hampton & Richmond Borough F.C. players
Dulwich Hamlet F.C. players
Cavalry FC players
IK Brage players
National League (English football) players
Southern Football League players
Isthmian League players
Canadian Premier League players

masks:
Nathan Mabi Mavila
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