title: Frank Asaro

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, July 31, 1927 – June 10, 2014) was an Emeritus Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory associated with the University of California at Berkeley. He is best known as the chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly in the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary layer that led the team of Luis Alvarez, Walter Alvarez, <mask>, and Helen Michel to propose the Asteroid-Impact Theory, which postulates that an asteroid hit the Earth sixty-five million years ago and caused mass extinction during the age of the dinosaurs. Biography
<mask> grew up in Escondido, California, the son of avocado farmer and barber <mask> and Antonina (Annie<mask>. He married Lucille Marie Lavezo and settled in the California Bay Area. They had four children, <mask>, Antonina, Catherine, and Marianna. <mask>'s mother, one of the oldest known residents of Escondido, lived until almost 106 years old. The Berkeley Years
<mask> went to college at age sixteen during World War II and earned both his undergraduate and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.For his doctorate, he worked with Professor Isadore Perlman on alpha decay processes in nuclear chemistry. <mask> and Perlman collaborated over the next fourteen years on studies of nuclear structure. It was during this time that they developed a high-precision technique of neutron activation analysis that has become a standard for determining the origin of ancient artifacts, in particular pottery. <mask> initially agreed to work on the project for a few months. He writes, "How good was Perlman at choosing new fields? I thought I would take three months off to do this. I made that decision in 1967, and I'm still doing this work 32 years later."One of the first projects <mask> tackled with Perlman was a study of ancient pottery from Cyprus, known as Cypriot Bichrome ware. Aided by the Swedish archaeologist Einar Gjerstad, they obtained 1,200 pottery sherds from the second millennium B.C. excavated by the Swedish Cyprus Expedition in 1927-31. Among the many results of those studies was the work done with Michal Artzy, a then graduate student at Brandeis. Up until that time, a distinctive type pottery called "Bichrome Ware," first found in Tel Ajjul in Palestine by the archaeologist Sir Flinders Petrie, was believed to originate in Palestine after which it was exported to sites in the eastern Mediterranean. Thrown on a fast wheel and painted with animals and birds, the unusual pottery appeared to be the work of a new painter or school of painting. The Berkeley group showed that in fact the chemical composition of the pieces matched that of pottery made in Cyprus, which meant it had later been exported to Palestine and other sites, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean.The Colossi of Memnon

In 1973, <mask> and his colleagues embarked on a study of the Colossi of Memnon, two statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III that have stood for 3400 years in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile from the modern city of Luxor. Collaborating with Professor Robert Heizer and his research group in the Department of Anthropology and Archaeological Research at the University of California, Berkeley, the Asaro group analyzed the stone used to construct the statues. Erected in the early fourteenth century B.C. as guardians of the Mortuary Temple, the two 50-foot monoliths consist of a quartzose sandstone rock (quartzite) formed by quartz particles cemented with iron oxide. Archeologists had once believed that all the stone used to create the statues came from a quarry about 100 miles away from the temple site, near Aswan. <mask>'s group determined that the original rock used to build the statues actually came from quarries 420 miles away in Cairo, Egypt and was transported overland to the final site, a remarkable feat of engineering for that time. Using neutron activation analysis, <mask> and his co-workers showed that the stone from Aswan was only used to repair the upper half of the northern statue, which had been knocked over in an earthquake about 27 B.C.and reconstructed by Roman emperor Septimius Severus about 197 A.D. The Plate of Brass

The Plate of Brass, also known as Drake's Plate, is an artifact that English explorer Francis Drake purportedly left on the coast of what is now Marin County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, after his ship the Golden Hinde landed there in 1579. However, in 1977, <mask> and his colleague Helen Michel used neutron activation analysis to determine that the zinc content in the composition of the plate was too high and the impurity levels too low to come from techniques of sixteenth century English for working with brass. Instead, the plate was mostly likely manufactured in the first half of the nineteenth century or later. The Asteroid Impact Theory

<mask> is best known as the nuclear chemist who discovered the iridium anomaly that led to the development of the asteroid impact theory to explain the mass extinctions, including the demise of the dinosaurs, that occurred at the end of the geological era known as the Cretaceous period in Earth's history. His part in the work began when Nobel Prize–winning physicist Luis Alvarez and his son, geologist Walter Alvarez, asked <mask> to look for iridium in samples of earth from the layer between the Cretaceous and Paleogene periods. Their purpose was to discover if the composition of the boundary layer that represented the transition between those two periods could provide insight into how many years the layer represented.<mask> told the Alvarezes that the amount of iridium present in such samples of the Earth would almost certainly be too small to detect. However, he was interested in the project and agreed to perform the analysis, working with colleague Helen Michel. When they discovered remarkably high levels of iridium, he believed they had done the analysis incorrectly. He and Michel repeated the tests many times before bringing their results to Alvarez. Walter Alvarez has written, "<mask> hunts down potential mistakes with the ruthlessness of a counterspy, triple checks everything, and then checks it again .... We know today what killed the dinosaurs because of <mask>'s ability to make these remarkable measurements." The results were soon confirmed, not only for the samples provided by Alvarez, but independently by other groups around the world. That discovery resulted in the group, led by Luis Alvarez, to propose that an asteroid collided with the Earth and caused the mass extinctions.Although the theory is sometimes referred to as the Alvarez hypothesis, the seminal paper published in the literature was authored by Luis Alvarez, his son Walter, <mask>, and Helen Michel. The theory was initially met with skepticism, but over the years has become accepted as the primary explanation of the mass extinctions that took place sixty-five million years ago. <mask> himself felt that while mass extinction of many species was well-supported by plentiful fossil records, the smaller number of dinosaur fossils available worldwide made pinpointing cause of their extinction more difficult. In the March 5, 2010 edition of Science, an international panel of experts in geology, paleontology  and related fields published the results of their exhaustive review of the data, ruling in favor of the asteroid theory. Legacy
Work by <mask> and other scientists who study archeological artifacts has become trendy in recent years with the popularity of  science fiction shows such as Warehouse 13 and Stargate, where storylines involve archeological artifacts imbued with magical, scientific, or mystical powers. Minor planet 4531 <mask> is named in his honor. References

1927 births
2014 deaths
American chemists
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
People from Escondido, California

masks:
Frank Asaro
Francesco Asaro
Frank Asaro
Asaro
Nicolo Asaro
) Asaro
Frank
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Frank
Frank Asaro
Frank Asaro
Asaro
Asaro
Asaro


title: Stefano della Bella

type: original

texts:
<mask> (17 May 1610 – 12 July 1664) was an Italian draughtsman and printmaker known for etchings of a great variety of subjects, including military and court scenes, landscapes, and lively genre scenes. He left 1052 prints, and several thousand drawings, but only one known painting. He was born and died in Florence, Italy. Early life in Florence
<mask> was born at Florence to a family of artists, and was apprenticed to a goldsmith, but became an engraver working briefly under Orazio Vanni and then Cesare Dandini. He studied etching under Remigio Cantagallina, who had also been the instructor of Jacques Callot. <mask>'s early prints are very similar to those of Callot. When he was seventeen years of age, he presented an etching depicting a banquet in the Palazzo Pitti to the young Giancarlo de' Medici following which <mask> would receive official commissions by the Medici family.In 1630, at the age of twenty, he produced a manuscript copy from one of the many manuscript versions of Leonardo da Vinci's Trattato della Pittura. He illustrated his copy with about 50 sketches. <mask>'s copy was published in 1792 with "accurate engravings of all of his sketches." By 1632 or 1633 he was the recipient of direct patronage from Lorenzo de Medici (brother to Cosimo II and uncle to Giancarlo de' Medici). At this time <mask> requested from his patron permission to go to Rome "to perfect himself as an artist." Work in Rome
Having arrived in Rome in 1633, <mask> lived and studied there for six years. He resided in the Medici Palace, producing vedute and drawings of antiquities as well as crowded images of public occasions in a series of sketchbooks.Many of these images were later turned into prints. He also recorded and assisted the court festivities of the Medici. In this period <mask>'s style developed from Mannerist to Baroque. <mask> created a series of six prints forming a long, 2.5-meter panel, showing the Polish Ambassador’s Ceremonial Entry into Rome in 1633. He also created a number of prints of views of Rome. While living in Rome, he often returned to Florence working on commissions for his clients there. Paris and the return to Florence
In 1639, <mask> went to Paris and lived there until 1650.He adapted his style to French tastes, and was influenced by Rembrandt and other Dutch print makers. <mask> made trips to Holland and North Africa. The majority of <mask>'s prints date from the years in Paris; he had arrived four years after the death of Callot, and was already known to important French publishers. In 1641 Cardinal Richelieu sent him to Arras to make drawings for prints of the siege and taking of that town by the royal army, and in 1644 Cardinal Mazarin commissioned four sets of educational playing cards for the young Louis XIV. His ornament prints were very innovative, seeming to look forward to the Rococo. <mask> also engraved views of Paris, including a very large print of the Pont Neuf, looking south from the entrance of the Place Dauphine, with topographically accurate depictions of the buildings south of the bridge on the banks of the Seine, such as the Church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois, the Petit Bourbon and the Louvre Palace on the right bank and the Hôtel de Nevers, the Tour de Nesle, and in the distance, the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, on the left. The road over the bridge and in front of the central platform with the statue of Henri IV is crowded with carriages, wagons, people, and animals.Among the 451 distinct figures are beggars, gypsies, hurdy-gurdy players, children and tooth-pullers, with horses, donkeys, dogs, and even a lamb. French anti-Italian feeling during the Fronde, and the death of Mazarin probably forced <mask>'s return to Florence, where he obtained a pension from the grand duke, whose son, Cosimo III de Medici, he instructed in drawing. He continued to send plates to Paris publishers. <mask> is known to have illustrated some discoveries for Galileo, and depicted Hansken the famous elephant, when dead. In his final years he produced a number of prints experimenting with tonal effects, though these were little known at the time; he had long made much use of wash in his drawings, and was now attempting with considerable success to achieve similar effects in etching, though only a few good impressions could be taken from the plate. In 1661 he appears to have suffered a stroke, after which he produced little work. Antonio Francesco Lucini was one of his pupils in Florence.Notes

Bibliography

 De Vesme, Alexandre (1906). "Étienne Della Bella", pp. 66–79 and "Oeuvre d'Étienne Della Bella", pp. 79–332", in Le Peintre-Graveur italien (at Internet Archive). Milan: Ulrico Hoepli. Massar, Phyllis Dearborn (1968). "Presenting <mask> <mask>."The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, vol. 27 (New Series), no. 3 (November, 1968), pp. 159–176. . .
 Massar, Phyllis D. (1971). <mask> <mask>, Catalogue Raisonné. Alexandre De Vesme with Introduction and Additions by Phyllis Dearborn Massar.New York: Collectors Editions. Massar, Phyllis D. (1996). "<mask>, <mask> della", vol. 3, pp. 631–634, in The Dictionary of Art (34 vols. ), edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove. . Also at Oxford Art Online, subscription required (accessed 22 November 2010).Reed, Sue Welsh & Wallace, Richard, editors (1989). Italian Etchers of the Renaissance and Baroque, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. or 304-4 (pb)

External links

Works by <mask> <mask> at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
Stefano <mask> Etchings , Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles, Accession No. P830003. The collection includes four suites of etchings by <mask> <mask>, comprising 35 prints. Primarily decorative, they depict genre scenes of people and animals (in rural settings), fantastic vases, panels of grotesques, and the Medici Villa Demidoff and its gardens near Florence. 1610 births
1664 deaths
Italian printmakers
Italian draughtsmen
Italian engravers
Italian war artists
Artists from Florence

masks:
Stefano della Bella
Della Bella
Della Bella
della Bella
Della Bella
Della Bella
della Bella
della Bella
Della Bella
della Bella
Della Bella
della Bella
Della Bella
della Bella
Della Bella
Stefano della
Bella
Stefano Della
Bella
Bella
Stefano
Stefano della
Bella
della Bella
Stefano della
Bella


title: Evelin Banev

texts:
<mask> (Bulgarian: Евелин Банев; October 8, 1964), also known by his nickname Brendo (Bulgarian: Брендо) is a real estate developer, published writer, and former wrestler. <mask> became known for his imprisonment and multiple criminal prosecutions for money laundering and drug trafficking in Bulgaria and Italy. In July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal acquitted <mask> of all criminal charges against him and overturned a -year sentence issued previously by the Sofia City Court. In September 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled his 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and returned the case for retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan. <mask>'s prosecutions, criminal activities, and imprisonment have been highly controversial and politicized. During his imprisonment, <mask>'s 10-year-old daughter was abducted and freed after almost two months in captivity. In 2015, <mask> self-published a book titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote during his time in prison.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Burgas, Bulgaria. Since 1985, when he enrolled to the National Sports Academy, Brendo has lived in Sofia. During his time at the Academy, <mask> frequently travelled to international camps, tournaments and wrestling competitions representing his club "Academic - Sofia" and the Bulgarian National Wrestling Team. <mask> has been awarded the "Master of Sport" title in Bulgaria and wrestled in the 74 kg category, under the instruction of Dimitar Dobrev. Entrepreneurship
After the 1989 political changes in Eastern Europe, <mask> spent most of his time outside of Bulgaria. During that time, <mask> accumulated his fortune during the Dot-com bubble. He is also a real estate investor and entrepreneur involved in multiple projects in Bulgaria's riviera and capital.Criminal prosecutions
In April 2007, the Sofia City Prosecutor indicted <mask> for organizing a criminal group and money laundering. Subsequently, <mask> was arrested and released on bail. <mask>'s case caused a media stir again in 2008, when Switzerland agreed to lift its bank secrecy and to submit bank documentation to the Bulgarian authorities. Later, it was made public, that in its requests for judicial assistance to Switzerland, the Bulgarian Prosecutor's Office has sent false information – i.e. stating that <mask> is accused of drug trafficking and distribution rather than of money laundering. As of May 2012, <mask>'s case was still pending with court hearings being postponed at the request of the prosecution. In relation to the case, various Bulgarian media and EU commission reports commented on the groundless accusations and the abuse of power by the prosecution.At this time, the Bulgarian authorities initiated operation "Cocaine Kings" with an overwhelming media coverage, including a press conference with the Italian authorities. During the operation, some 30 people were arrested, including <mask>. <mask> was accused of financing drug trafficking between South America and Europe, and Italy claimed responsibility for criminally charging him. Following operation "Cocaine Kings", Italy requested a temporary extradition of <mask>, which he and his legal team fought. However, the Bulgarian Court of Appeals confirmed <mask>'s 1-year extradition to Italy on July 17, 2012, with the condition that he will be returned to Bulgaria when needed for his money laundering trial. The extradition hearing was not without controversy, as the court denied <mask>'s right to appoint a new defense attorney and rejected the request of the publicly appointed attorney for more time to familiarize herself with the case. <mask> was extradited to Italy on July 26, 2012.In February 2013, Sofia City Court sentenced <mask> to 7 1/2 years in prison, while acquitting the other 3 people accused with him. <mask>’s lawyer, Ina Lulcheva, said that the appeal against the finding of the Sofia City Court would be based on a lack of evidence justifying the conviction. That the group had travelled together made them at most a tour group, not an organised crime group, she said. The defense further stated:

"I will not comment on the length of the sentence. The defense pleaded that there is no crime, as such the punishment is not significant. In this case, it is indicative that it was established that there is money laundered from a person, who has never even been questioned or interrogated. We have not asked that he is questioned, because there is no evidence that he has any connections with the defendants; the prosecution did not want his questioning, because in my opinion, they knew that their accusation would not be confirmed.As such, the court accepted that money is laundered from the activity of a person and his group, without even questioning this person". After a 4-month trial, in July 2013, the Milan City Court sentenced <mask> to 20 years in prison for participating in a criminal organization for international drug trafficking. <mask>'s defense attorney stated that, "<mask> has not even entered Italy" and that there is not one evidence linking him to the charges. Before the court, his attorney pointed out that all of the Milan prosecutor evidence was coming from Bulgaria, not from Italy - in Italy, <mask> was never under surveillance, wiretapped, followed, or investigated. The Italian judge who sentenced <mask>, stated in an interview with a prominent Bulgarian newspaper that he highly recommends that <mask> appeals the sentencing because "until now not a single evidence of <mask>'s guilt has been deposited; <mask> has never been caught in the act of crime, and he was sentenced only by the testimonies (which were presumed truthful) of other defendants". Following the trial, <mask> was returned to Bulgaria, where in July 2014, the Sofia Court of Appeal ruled him "not guilty" of money laundering and released him on probation. On September 22, 2015, Italy’s Supreme Court of Cassation annulled <mask>'s 20-year prison term for drug trafficking and ordered a retrial to the Appellate Court of Milan.Italy's Supreme Court of Cassation upheld the sentences of all other people convicted under the "Cocaine Kings" affair. The court cited that <mask>'s unjust conviction was due to lack of any evidence and irregularities in the use of facts. In annulling his 20-year conviction, the court reported that <mask>'s net worth and political neutrality had led to "antagonisms that motivated incorrect assessment of [his] personality". Counter-allegations
<mask> said that he was invited in writing to a meeting with the Interior Minister, Rumen Petkov, who requested Brendo’s assistance – i.e. to falsely testify against “the Margin” brothers. According to <mask>, his refusal to cooperate with the Minister is the main reason behind the 2007 charges for money laundering against him. Kidnapping of <mask>'s daughter
<mask>'s ten-year-old daughter, Lara, was kidnapped by three masked men at about 7:30 am on March 5, 2013, while leaving her home in Sofia.The men shot her unarmed driver twice in the back. It was the first kidnapping in Bulgaria since 2009. The motives behind the kidnapping were the cause for much speculation. In a televised press conference three days later, Chief Prosecutor Sotir Tsatsarov stated that, "The kidnapping of Lara is a message to Brendo". This leads to the other suspicion - the key politicians of Boyko Borisov's cabinet in resignation - Prime Minister Borisov himself, Minister of Interior Tzvetan Tzvetanov, and the Chief of the Chief Directorate "Combating Organized Crime", Stanimir Florov. As stated by Aleksey Petrov, "If Brendo talks about Borisov, Tzvetanov, and Florov, it will be frightening". The media states that the failing GERB party, via its two main figures, Borisov and Tzvetanov, is trying to keep the power and to win the elections at any cost - using a brutal kidnapping as a sign that "without them organized crime is coming back" while sending a signal to <mask> to keep quiet.This message was clearly given by Tzvetanov himself during a TV interview in which he avoided the question "Where is Lara?" several times and finally answered, "What happened is unpleasant, but let's not forget who her father is". <mask> was released, physically unharmed, on April 21, 2013; she was left in front of a police station in Sofia at approximately 10:00 pm. It was reported, but unconfirmed, that the kidnappers had originally demanded a €10 million ransom, but later agreed to free her in exchange of €530,000. Self-published books
In March 2015, <mask> <mask> self-published a novel titled I Gaze Upon the Soul of Bulgaria, which he wrote while in prison. The spiritual novel is about the journey to self-discovery and realization as passed on by the main character, Max, after a 20-year imprisonment, to his daughter Anna. <mask> is also the artist of the book cover - an illustration of two mandalas.References

Bulgarian businesspeople
1964 births
Living people
Bulgarian male sport wrestlers
Writers from Burgas
Bulgarian gangsters

masks:
Evelin Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Banev
Lara Baneva
Evelin
Banev
Banev


title: Lev Grossman

texts:
<mask> (born June 26, 1969) is an American novelist and journalist who wrote The Magicians Trilogy: The Magicians (2009), The Magician King (2011), and The Magician's Land (2014). He was the book critic and lead technology writer at Time magazine from 2002 to 2016. His recent work includes the children's book The Silver Arrow, and the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story. Early life
<mask> was born on June 26, 1969 in Concord, Massachusetts. He is the twin brother of video game designer and novelist <mask>, brother of sculptor <mask>, and son of the poet <mask> and the novelist <mask>. <mask>'s father was born Jewish and his mother was raised Anglican, but Grossman has said, "I grew up in a very unreligious household. Very.I have no religion at all. So I come at religion as about as much of an outsider as you can be in Western civilization." On the assumption that he was raised Jewish, he has said,  "I have this extremely old-world name, and people can invite me to as many Jewish book festivals as they want to--but I wasn't raised Jewish." He is an alumnus of Lexington High School and Harvard College. He graduated from Harvard in 1991 with a degree in literature. Grossman then attended a Ph.D. program in comparative literature for three years at Yale University, but dropped out before completing his dissertation. Career

Journalism
<mask> has written for The New York Times, Wired, Salon.com, Lingua Franca, Entertainment Weekly, Time Out New York, The Wall Street Journal, and The Village Voice.He has served as a member of the board of directors of the National Book Critics Circle and as the chair of the Fiction Awards Panel. In May 2015, Grossman gave the third annual Tolkien Lecture at Pembroke College, Oxford. In writing for Time, he has also covered the consumer electronics industry, reporting on video games, blogs, viral videos and Web comics like Penny Arcade and Achewood. In 2006, he traveled to Japan to cover the unveiling of the Wii console. He has interviewed Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Salman Rushdie, Neil Gaiman, Joan Didion, Jonathan Franzen, J.K. Rowling, and Johnny Cash. He wrote one of the earliest pieces on Stephenie Meyer's Twilight series. A piece written by Grossman on the game Halo 3 was criticized for casting gamers in an "unfavorable light."<mask> was also the author of the Time Person of the Year 2010 feature article on Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg. Grossman did some freelancing and wrote for other magazines. Some of the works he wrote at this time include "The Death of a Civil Servant," "Good Novels Don't Have to be Hard," "Catalog This," "The Gay Nabokov," "When Words Fail," and "Get Smart." He freelanced at The Believer, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Salon, Lingua Franca, and Time Digital. It was soon after this that his novel, Warp, was published. He quit his job at Time magazine in August 2016 to pursue writing full time. Fiction
<mask>'s first novel, Warp, was published in 1997 after he moved to New York City.Warp was about "the lyrical misadventures of an aimless 20-something in Boston who has trouble distinguishing between reality and Star Trek." It received largely negative customer reviews on Amazon.com, and in response, Grossman submitted fake reviews to Amazon using false names. He then recounted these actions in an essay titled "Terrors of the Amazon". His second novel, Codex, was published in 2004 and became an international bestseller. After Codex, Grossman published the book that he is most well known for, The Magicians. In an article for The New York Times Grossman wrote: "I wrote fiction for 17 years before I found out I was a fantasy novelist. Up till then I always thought I was going to write literary fiction, like Jonathan Franzen or Zadie Smith or Jhumpa Lahiri.But I thought wrong. ... Fantasy is sometimes dismissed as childish, or escapist, but I take what I am doing very, very seriously. Grossman's bestseller The Magicians was published in hardcover in August 2009. The trade paperback edition was made available on May 25, 2010. The Washington Post called it "Exuberant and inventive...Fresh and compelling...a great fairy tale." The book is a dark contemporary fantasy about Quentin Coldwater, an unusually gifted young man who obsesses over Fillory, the magical land of his favorite childhood books. Unexpectedly admitted to Brakebills, a secret, exclusive college of magic in upstate New York (an amalgam of Bannerman's Castle and Olana), Quentin receives an education in the craft of modern sorcery.After graduation, he and his friends discover that Fillory is real. Michael Agger of The New York Times said the book "could crudely be labeled a Harry Potter for adults," injecting mature themes into fantasy literature. The Magicians won the 2010 Alex Award, given to ten adult books that are appealing to young adults, and the 2011 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. In August 2011, The Magician King, the sequel to The Magicians, was published, which returns readers to the magical land of Fillory, where Quentin and his friends are now kings and queens. The Chicago Tribune said The Magician King was "The Catcher in the Rye for devotees of alternative universes" and that "Grossman has created a rare, strange and scintillating novel." It was an Editor's Choice pick of The New York Times, who called it "[A] serious, heartfelt novel [that] turns the machinery of fantasy inside out." The Boston Globe said "The Magician King is a rare achievement, a book that simultaneously criticizes and celebrates our deep desire for fantasy."The third book in the series is titled The Magician's Land  and was published on 5 August 2014. In September 2016, <mask> announced that he was working on a King Arthur novel called The Bright Sword. In July 2019, <mask>, with co-writer Lilah Sturges and illustrator Pius Bak, released The Magicians: Alice's Story, a graphic novel told from the perspective of Alice, a secondary character from the book series. <mask>'s first children's book, The Silver Arrow, was published in September 2020. It debuted on the New York Times Best Seller list on September 27, 2020. Film and television
<mask>'s Magicians trilogy was adapted for television by Sera Gamble and John McNamara for Syfy. The series received five seasons and aired from December 2015 to April 2020.Grossman wrote the screenplay for the film The Map of Tiny Perfect Things, based on his short story of the same name. The film was released through Amazon Prime Video on February 12, 2021. Personal life
<mask> lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn with his second wife, Sophie Gee, whom he married in early 2010, and his daughter Lily from a previous marriage. On June 10, 2010, his daughter Halcyon Harriet Graham was born. In September 2012, his third child, Benedict, was born. Despite his parents' religious backgrounds, and the fact that he has included religion in his work, Grossman is a self-professed atheist. Books
 Warp, New York: St. Martin's Griffin/Macmillan, 1997.Codex, New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004. The Magicians, New York: Viking/Penguin, 2009. (hardcover); Plume/Penguin, 2010. (trade paperback)
 The Magician King (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin, 2011. The Magician's Land (novel), New York: Viking/Penguin/PRH, 2014. The Magicians: Alice's Story (graphic novel) (with Lilah Sturges), Archala, 2019. The Magicians #1 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM!- Archaia, 2019
 The Magicians #2 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2019
 The Magicians #3 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
 The Magicians #4 (comic) (with Lilah Sturges), BOOM! - Archaia, 2020
 The Silver Arrow, Little, Brown, 2020. Filmography

Film and TV

Other credits
 Neil Gaiman: Dream Dangerously (2016); as himself
 High Life (2018); special thanks

References

External links

Magicians series

Living people
1969 births
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Advocate alumni
American male writers
American fantasy writers
Jewish American writers
John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer winners
People from Clinton Hill, Brooklyn
People from Concord, Massachusetts
Twin people from the United States
Lexington High School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
Writers from Brooklyn
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Lev Grossman
Grossman
Austin Grossman
Bathsheba Grossman
Allen Grossman
Judith Grossman
Grossman
Grossman
Grossman
Lev Grossman
Grossman
Grossman
Grossman
Grossman
Grossman


title: Ross Chastain

texts:
<mask><mask> (born December 4, 1992) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Cup Series, driving the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing Team. He is nicknamed The Watermelon Man, or simply Melon Man due to his family's history as watermelon farmers, which he also participates in; whenever he celebrates race wins, he smashes a watermelon to the ground in Victory Lane. Early career
Chastain started racing at the age of twelve, his interest piqued by his father's hobby racing and other kids his age racing. His home track was Punta Gorda Speedway in Punta Gorda, Florida, at the age of twelve, competing in both late model and Fastruck Series events. Even those races, at tracks like Citrus County Speedway, Auburndale Speedway and DeSoto Speedway, were run on a tight budget, a theme that would carry on to much of Chastain's career in the higher ranks of NASCAR.His short track career saw Chastain scoring over fifty wins in feature events, including the Limited Late Model portion of the 2011 World Series Of Asphalt Stock Car Racing at New Smyrna Speedway, winning three of eight events in the series. NASCAR

After making the move to Charlotte in mid-2011, Chastain took over the No. 66 Turn One Racing entry in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series after Justin Marks vacated the seat. His first Truck race, at Lucas Oil Raceway at Indianapolis, was his first race with live pit stops. He finished 10th in that event. Connections in the watermelon farming industry got Chastain four more races, which were marred by incidents at Bristol Motor Speedway and Kentucky Speedway. At Homestead-Miami Speedway, rain prevented the Turn One team from making the race, so the team bought an RSS Racing start and park entry and ran the full race, finishing two laps down.It was later announced that Chastain would compete for Rookie of the Year honors with SS-Green Light Racing in 2012. Driving the No. 08 truck sponsored by the National Watermelon Association and National Watermelon Promotion Board, he scored a career-best finish of seventh in the second race of the season at Martinsville Speedway. He bested his 7th-place finish with a 3rd-place finish at Bristol in August. In January 2013, it was announced that Chastain would drive in 15 Camping World Truck Series races in 2013 for Brad Keselowski Racing. At Iowa Speedway in September, Chastain won his first career Truck Series pole for the Fan Appreciation 200; he led the most laps in the race, finishing second to James Buescher as the race underwent a green-white-checkered finish. Chastain also came close to the win at the penultimate race at Phoenix, finishing second to Erik Jones after leading over 60 laps.Years later, Chastain said that he initially made the move to BKR as an attempt to get in a Team Penske ride, but that BKR and Penske did not view the situation that way. 2014–2016
Leaving BKR after the 2013 season, Chastain moved to RBR Enterprises for a part-time schedule in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series for 2014. Comments before and after the Martinsville race, as well as racing actions during the race, led the team to fire Chastain from the ride. In May, he announced he would make his debut in the Nationwide Series (now Xfinity Series) at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving the No. 55 for Viva Motorsports. Chastain later drove for Hattori Racing Enterprises at Michigan International Speedway, replacing Johnny Sauter. If that opportunity did not arise, Chastain was set to replace another driver that weekend, John Wes Townley in the No.5 Wauters Motorsports truck at Gateway Motorsports Park. In the race with HRE, Chastain finished twelfth, which was to that point the team's best finish in NASCAR competition. The finish eventually turned into more sporadic appearances with HRE throughout the rest of the season. <mask> also joined the team for a part-time NASCAR K&N Pro Series East effort that year. He then joined JD Motorsports in 2015, replacing Jeffrey Earnhardt. The opportunity emerged after Chastain raced with TriStar Motorsports at the end of the 2014 season. His car was comparable to the performances of the JDM cars, which led to a deal in the offseason.Chastain logged four top-tens on the year, ninth in the season-opening PowerShares QQQ 300, tenth at the other Daytona race, tenth at Iowa, and tenth at Darlington, and got into an altercation with Ryan Reed after a race at Richmond International Raceway. Reed claimed Chastain made too much contact on late restarts and vowed payback, while Chastain simply brushed the incident off as a difference of opinions in short-track racing. 2017

Chastain's 2017 Xfinity season was the best of his career, scoring a top-five at Iowa and two top tens as well as finishing 13th in points, the highest of the non-playoff drivers. He achieved this after a tight points battle with J.J. Yeley for the spot in the last four races of the season. In the second half of the season, Chastain rarely finished outside the top twenty and mainly finished in the mid-teens. The season was marred by two fights with fellow Xfinity drivers, one with Jeremy Clements at Bristol after Clements confronted him and one with Brendan Gaughan at Texas after heated on-track competition. <mask>, Gaughan, and crew members from both teams brawled behind Victory Lane after the night race.A crew member from JD Motorsports teammate Garrett Smithley was taken to the hospital with a head injury after the fight. <mask> blamed the confrontation on Gaughan, saying the Richard Childress Racing driver attacked him, but also acknowledged that he races hard and does not play favorites. Gaughan initially avoided discussing the incident with reporters but later boasted about the incident on SiriusXM NASCAR Radio and said that he received several text messages from fellow drivers who were happy about the incident. He did admit that he could've handled the situation later but didn't care about it. That opinion was likely influenced by the fact that 2017 was Gaughan's final Xfinity season, as any retaliation would have to happen within the next two races. In 2017, <mask> joined Premium Motorsports' No. 15 car for his Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series debut in the AAA 400 Drive for Autism at Dover, an opportunity he initially resisted after being informed of the opportunity by Xfinity team owner Johnny Davis.he finished 20th. Chastain heard from various sources that his driving style made multiple drivers mad on-track, but Chastain says it doesn't bother him. He also drove the No. 15 at the fall Dover race, finishing 38th. Chastain was originally on the entry list to drive the No. 7 car, the second car for Premium Motorsports, at the Cup series season finale at Homestead, but the team withdrew. 2018
In late September 2017, Chastain announced that he would return to JD Motorsports for a fourth year, running the entire 2018 NASCAR Xfinity Series season, as well as hinting at another part-time Cup schedule with Premium Motorsports.He started off the Xfinity season with a top-ten at Daytona International Speedway, and ran his first Cup race of 2018 the week after at Atlanta Motor Speedway. By the Easter off weekend, Chastain had expanded his Cup schedule, which had included every race since Atlanta, to all of the race weekends where the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series run at the same track. Chastain also returned to the truck series at Iowa on an off week for the Cup Series and a companion race with the Xfinity Series, driving the No. 50 truck for Beaver Motorsports. He continued to run most of the Cup schedule, running the entirety of the summer schedule save for the Sonoma Raceway event, where Justin Marks drove. Chastain tied his career-best finish Xfinity Series finish at Iowa Speedway, avoiding last-lap chaos to bring home another fourth-place finish. At the Xfinity Series race at Mid-Ohio, Chastain and Joey Gase made contact multiple times on the final lap, eventually leading Gase to spin off track.On pit road after the race, Gase swerved his car toward Chastain with spectators and crew members in the vicinity. The two later had a shouting match and Gase was tackled by one of Chastain's crew members. After a trip to the NASCAR hauler, Gase called Chastain a "golden boy" and threatened to derail Chastain's playoff hopes. Chastain hopped in the Premium Motorsports No. 15 truck for the World of Westgate 200 and finished seventh, Premium's best-ever finish across all three NASCAR national series. On the strength of a summer performance that saw him hold down the final Xfinity Series playoff spot, <mask> and Chip Ganassi Racing announced a three-race agreement for Chastain to pilot the organization's No. 42 entry for races at Darlington Raceway, Las Vegas Motor Speedway and Richmond Raceway.The races came at the expense of John Hunter Nemechek, who could not sell sponsorship for the races. DC Solar was announced as a backer for Chastain's effort. Chastain had previously met the CEO of DC Solar at Auto Club Speedway in 2018, and plans materialized from there. For the first race of the trio, Chastain held top-ten spots in both practices, finishing second in first practice. He later claimed the pole over Christopher Bell, and during the race won the first two stages. During the third stage, Chastain was battling for the race lead with Kevin Harvick with thirty-five laps to go. Through turns one and two of the traditionally one-groove

masks:
Ross L
. Chastain
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title: Ross Chastain

texts:
 Darlington track, the lapped car of Chad Finchum took the top-groove racing lane, leaving Harvick and Chastain jostling for positions in the bottom lanes.After clearing Finchum, Harvick slid up into <mask> who then slid up into the wall. On the backstretch, Chastain hooked Harvick's machine into the outside wall, ending Harvick's day. Harvick later parked in Chastain's pit stall before giving a heated post-race interview calling Chastain "inexperienced" and saying that Chastain will "never get to drive many of them [events in top-tier cars] again. Chip Ganassi then responded on Twitter, defending Chastain's performance and stating that he "helped himself to many future opportunities"." Chastain, for his part, finished 25th after repairs and called running up front "cool" and also saying "I don't care what Harvick says." After running a race with JD Motorsports at Indianapolis, Chastain returned to CGR for the DC Solar 300 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. He once again performed well throughout the weekend, securing the second-fastest time in final practice and the fifth starting spot for the race.Once again the class of the field, Chastain led all but twenty of the 200 laps in the race and prevailed over Justin Allgaier for the victory, his first in over 200 starts in NASCAR. True to his roots, Chastain smashed a watermelon on the track as a final victory celebration. In a post-race media conference, he admitted to getting emotional in the closing laps of the race due to the gravity of the win. With the win, a playoff berth was wrapped up, the first of his career. Chastain also revealed that he was not being paid to drive the car, something that he claimed was reason for ridicule within the sport. Chastain fell out of the playoffs after the opening round after Matt Tifft made a late-race rally at Dover, claiming the final spot by three points. Towards the latter part of the 2018 season, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports for some NASCAR Camping World Truck Series races.Although some were surprised at how well Chastain ran in those races, Chastain instead said that the organization was better than the community gave it credit for. 2019

On October 6, 2018, it was reported that Chastain had agreed to drive the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season with Premium Motorsports, and a deal with Chip Ganassi Racing for more Xfinity races was likely. On November 9, 2018, Chastain and CGR announced a full season in the No. 42 Xfinity Series car for 2019. DC Solar, instrumental in Chastain's introduction to the team, remained on as sponsor. However, after DC Solar was raided by the FBI on December 18, 2018, the team lost the sponsorship and shut down in January. In January 2019, Chastain joined Niece Motorsports to drive the No.45 Silverado part-time in the Truck Series, splitting the truck with Reid Wilson. On January 31, Chastain announced he would return to the No. 4 JD Motorsports ride for 30 races, replacing Blake Koch, who stepped away to focus on business ventures. For the other three races of the schedule – Daytona in February, Chicagoland in June, and Texas in November – <mask>e, Chastain began the season with a third-place finish in the 2019 NextEra Energy 250. At his first ever Daytona 500, Chastain scored his first career top-ten in the Cup Series despite starting 36th in the race.During the spring, Chastain broke the all-time NASCAR record for most consecutive races run across all three national series to start a season, surpassing the mark of 22 set by Kyle Busch set in 2008. On May 10, Chastain won his first career NASCAR Gander Outdoors Truck Series race in the 2019 Digital Ally 250 at Kansas Speedway. He nearly spun out with 20 laps to go but saved the truck, later inheriting the lead from Stewart Friesen after he ran out of fuel. In June, he announced his intention to switch to Truck Series points to compete for a championship in the series. In June's M&M's 200 at Iowa, Chastain led 141 of 200 laps and swept the stages to score the win, but his truck failed post-race inspection and his victory was forfeited to Brett Moffitt under NASCAR's newly-introduced disqualification policy. Chastain was the first driver to have a win revoked since Dale Jarrett was disqualified from a Busch Series race in 1995, relegated to last in the official standings. <mask>'s team appealed the penalty, though it was eventually upheld after a hearing with National Motorsports Appeals panelist Bryan Moss.He earned redemption the following week in Gateway's CarShield 200, however, leading 21 laps and scoring the victory after taking only fuel and no tires on his final pit stop. Chastain won the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona driving the No. 16 Camaro for Kaulig Racing. Chastain's teammates Justin Haley and A.J. Allmendinger finished behind him, though Allmendinger was subsequently disqualified for failing post-race inspection. Chastain would later win at Pocono Raceway in the Truck Series in commanding fashion, dedicating his win to Kaulig crew chief Nick Harrison, who had died the previous week. In Xfinity Series competition at Watkins Glen International, Chastain sent Justin Allgaier spinning off the track in the bus stop portion of the circuit; Allgaier, thinking the move was intentional, wrecked Chastain in the same section of the track later in the race, relegating Chastain to a 34th-place finish.Chastain chalked his side of the incidents up to mistakes while Allgaier cited instances of Daytona earlier in 2018 and Las Vegas in 2018 as further dirty racing by Chastain. Once Chastain's berth in the Truck Series playoffs was secure, CarShield announced full sponsorship of his playoff efforts. Chastain would earn his second top-five of 2019 when he finished second to Christopher Bell at Texas Motor Speedway in November, leading 29 laps. 2020

On October 15, 2019, it was announced that Chastain would be driving for Kaulig Racing full-time in the 2020 NASCAR Xfinity Series. Chastain also returned to the Cup Series at the Daytona 500 and Coca-Cola 600, driving the No. 77 in a partnership between Chip Ganassi Racing and Spire Motorsports. He also retained his ride with Niece Motorsports in the Truck Series in a part-time capacity, moving over to the organization's No.44 entry and sharing the ride with Carson Hocevar and Natalie Decker. Chastain failed to qualify for the Xfinity season opener at Daytona after mechanical issues plagued his car. However, Kaulig and RSS Racing forged an agreement that RSS driver Jeff Green surrender his No. 38 car to Chastain for the race. In the Daytona 500, Chastain was involved in a late wreck with Ryan Preece that took him out of the race. On February 19, Roush Fenway Racing announced Chastain would replace an injured Ryan Newman in the team's No. 6 Ford starting with the Pennzoil 400 at Las Vegas.<mask> drove the No. 6 for three races before the season was put on hold due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Newman returned to the No. 6 when the season resumed while <mask> returned to Spire Motorsports part-time. On September 21, Chip Ganassi Racing announced that <mask> would replace Matt Kenseth in the No. 42 Chevrolet in 2021. He finished a career-high 7th in the Xfinity standings with 27 top tens (the most out of every driver that season) and 15 top-fives (including five runner-ups).2021

Chastain's Cup tenure with Ganassi began with a seventh-place finish in the 2021 Daytona 500, his best Cup finish up to that point. During the race's rain delay, he became the subject of a viral video from CGR in which he ordered food at a McDonald's (a team sponsor) drive-through for the team. In March, Chastain rejoined Niece for the Truck race at Atlanta. In May, he reunited with SS-Green Light Racing to drive their No. 07 car in the Xfinity Series race at Circuit of the Americas, replacing its normal driver, Joe Graf Jr.

On June 30, 2021, Justin Marks, co-founder of Trackhouse Racing Team announced that he had purchased Chip Ganassi Racing's entire NASCAR operations after the 2021 season, leaving Chastain as a free agent. On August 3, 2021, it was revealed that Chastain would drive the No. 1 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Trackhouse Racing's upcoming second Cup team, alongside the No.99  of Daniel Suárez, in a multi-year deal beginning in 2022. Personal life
A native of Alva, Florida, Chastain was a watermelon farmer on his family's farm until he turned thirteen. He is a graduate of Riverdale High School in Fort Myers. Chastain attended Florida Gulf Coast University for a semester before he began racing in the Truck Series. While Chastain's father did race a bit as a hobby, <mask> is the first generation of his family to race competitively. <mask> started racing at age twelve after seeing his father hobby race and seeing other kids his age race. <mask> is the older brother of <mask>.Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Cup Series

Daytona 500

Xfinity Series

Camping World Truck Series

K&N Pro Series East

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points
 Chastain began the 2019 season racing for Xfinity Series points but switched to Truck Series points before the SpeedyCash.com 400 at Texas. References

External links

NASCAR drivers
Racing drivers from Florida
Farmers from Florida
People from Lee County, Florida
1992 births
Living people
RFK Racing drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing

masks:
Chastain
Chastainec
Chastain
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Ross
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Chad Chastain


title: Pierre Janet

texts:
<mask> (; 30 May 1859 – 24 February 1947) was a pioneering French psychologist, physician, philosopher, and psychotherapist in the field of dissociation and traumatic memory. He is ranked alongside William James and Wilhelm Wundt as one of the founding fathers of psychology. Biography
<mask> studied under Jean-Martin Charcot at the Psychological Laboratory in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris. He first published the results of his research in his philosophy thesis in 1889 and in his medical thesis, L'état mental des hystériques, in 1892. He earned a degree in medicine the following year in 1893. In 1898, <mask> was appointed lecturer in psychology at the Sorbonne, and in 1902 he attained the chair of experimental and comparative psychology at the Collège de France, a position he held until 1936. He was a member of the Institut de France from 1913, and was a central figure in French psychology in the first half of the 20th century.Theories
<mask> was one of the first people to allege a connection between events in a subject's past life and their present-day trauma, and coined the words "dissociation" and "subconscious". His study of the "magnetic passion" or "rapport" between the patient and the hypnotist anticipated later accounts of the transference phenomenon. The 20th century saw <mask> developing a grand model of the mind in terms of levels of energy, efficiency and social competence, which he set out in publications including Obsessions and Psychasthenia (1903) and From Anguish to Ecstasy (1926), among others. In its concern for the construction of the personality in social terms, this model has been compared to the social behaviorism of George Herbert Mead something which explains Lacan's early praise of "<mask>, who demonstrated so admirably the signification of feelings of persecution as phenomenological moments in social behaviour". Developmental hierarchy
<mask> established a developmental model of the mind in terms of a hierarchy of nine "tendencies" of increasingly complex organisational levels. He detailed four "lower tendencies", rising from the "reflexive" to the "elementary intellectual"; two "middle tendencies", involving language and the social world; and three "higher tendencies", the "rational-ergotic" world of work, and the "experimental and progressive tendencies". According to <mask>, neurosis could be seen as a failure to integrate, or a regression to earlier tendencies, and he defined subconsciousness as "an act which has kept an inferior form amidst acts of a higher level".Influence on depth psychology

William James
In his 1890 essay The Hidden Self, William James wrote of P<mask>'s observations of "hysterical somnambulist" patients at Havre Hospital, detailed in <mask>'s 1889 doctorate of letters thesis, De l'Automatisme Psychologique. James made note of various aspects of automatism and the apparent multiple personalities ("two selves") of patients variously exhibiting "trances, subconscious states" or alcoholic delirium tremens. James was apparently fascinated by these manifestations and said, "How far the splitting of the mind into separate conciousnesses may obtain in each one of us is a problem. P<mask> holds that it is only possible where there is an abnormal weakness, and consequently a defect of unifying or coordinating power." Freud
Controversy over whose ideas came first, <mask>'s or Sigmund Freud's, emerged at the 1913 Congress of Medicine in London. Prior to that date, Freud had freely acknowledged his debt to <mask>, particularly in his work with Josef Breuer, writing for example of "the theory of hysterical phenomena first put forward by P. <mask> and elaborated by Breuer and myself". He stated further that "we followed his example when we took the splitting of the mind and dissociation of the personality as the centre of our position", but he was also careful to point out where "the difference lies between our view and <mask>'s".Writing in 1911 of the neurotic's withdrawal from reality, Freud stated: "Nor could a fact like this escape the observation of <mask>; he spoke of a loss of 'the function of reality'", and as late as 1930, Freud drew on <mask>'s expression "psychological poverty" in his work on civilisation. However, in his report on psychoanalysis in 1913, <mask> argued that many of the novel terms of psychoanalysis were only old concepts renamed, even down to the way in which his own "psychological analysis" preceded Freud's "psychoanalysis". This provoked angry attacks from Freud's followers, and thereafter Freud's own attitude towards <mask> cooled. In his lectures of 1915-16, Freud said that "for a long time I was prepared to give <mask> very great credit for throwing light on neurotic symptoms, because he regarded them as expressions of idées inconscientes which dominated the patients". However, after what Freud saw as his backpedalling in 1913, he said, "I think he has unnecessarily forfeited much credit". The charge of plagiarism stung Freud especially. In his autobiographical sketch of 1925, he denied firmly that he had plagiarized <mask>, and as late as 1937, he refused to meet <mask> on the grounds that "when the libel was spread by French writers that I had listened to his lectures and stolen his ideas he could with a word have put an end to such talk" but did not.A balanced judgement might be that <mask>'s ideas, as published, did indeed form part of Freud's starting point, but that Freud subsequently developed them substantively in his own fashion. Jung
Carl Jung studied with <mask> in Paris in 1902 and was much influenced by him, for example equating what he called a complex  with <mask>'s idée fixe subconsciente. Jung's view of the mind as "consisting of an indefinite, because unknown, number of complexes or fragmentary personalities" built upon what <mask> in Psychological Automatism called "simultaneous psychological existences". Jung wrote of the debt owed to "<mask> for a deeper and more exact knowledge of hysterical symptoms", and talked of "the achievements of <mask>, Flournoy, Freud and others" in exploring the unconscious. Adler
Alfred Adler openly derived his inferiority complex concept from <mask>'s Sentiment d'incomplétude, and the two men cited each other's work on the issue in their writings. Publications
In 1923, <mask> wrote a definitive text on suggestion, La médecine psychologique, and in 1928-32 published several definitive papers on memory. While <mask> did not publish much in English, the 15 lectures that he gave to the Harvard Medical School between 15 October and the end of November 1906 were published in 1907 as The Major Symptoms of Hysteria.He received an honorary doctorate from Harvard in 1936. Of his great synthesis of human psychology, Henri Ellenberger wrote that "this requires about twenty books and several dozen of articles". See also

References

Further reading

 Brooks III, J. I. (1998). The eclectic legacy. Academic philosophy  and the human sciences  in nineteenth - century France. Newark: University of Delaware Press.Carroy, J. & Plas, R. (2000) . How <mask> used pathological psychology to save the philosophical self. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 36, 231-240. Foschi, R. (2003) 'La Psicologia Sperimentale e Patologica di <mask> e la Nozione di Personalità (1885–1900)', Medicina & Storia, 5, 45-68. Johnson, George M. Dynamic Psychology in Modernist British Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan, U.K., 2006.LeBlanc, A. (2001). The Origins of the Concept of Dissociation: <mask>, his Nephew <mask>, and the Problem of Post-hypnotic Suggestion, History of Science, 39, 57-69. LeBlanc, A. (2004). Thirteen Days: Joseph Delboeuf versus <mask> on the Nature of Hypnotic Suggestion, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 40, 123-147. Lombardo G.P, Foschi R. (2003).The Concept of Personality between 19th Century France and 20th Century American Psychology. History of Psychology, vol. 6; 133-142, ,
 Serina F. (2020) « <mask>-Ellenberger: the history of a triangular relationship through their unpublished correspondence » History of Psychiatry, 31, 1, p. 3-20. External links

About <mask>
Short biography
Bibliographic site
Reading guide
"Autobiography" of his early years
<mask> & the 'Reality Function'
 JANETIAN STUDIES electronic journal of the Institut Pierre Janet

Works of <mask>
 Psychological Automatism: Essay of Experimental Psychology on the Lower Forms of Human Activity Doctorate of Science thesis of <mask>. La Médecine Psychologique Important book by <mask>. It clarifies what he thought about Suggestion. (PDF download)
 Books by <mask> on line

1859 births
1947 deaths
French hypnotists
Collège de France faculty
University of Paris faculty
French psychologists
Harvard Medical School people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French psychiatrists
19th-century psychologists
20th-century psychologists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences

masks:
Pierre Marie Félix Janet
Janet
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. Janet
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. Janet
Janet
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Pierre Janet
Janet
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Janet
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Janet
Janet
Janet
Janet
Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Paul Janet
Pierre
Pierre Janet
Janet Schwartz
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet
Pierre Janet


title: George Obrenović

texts:
<mask> (1889/March 1890 – 9 October 1925) born Obren Christich was the natural son of King Milan I of Serbia and his Greek mistress Artemisia Hristić (née Joanides). After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander in 1903 <mask> became a claimant to the Serbian throne in opposition to the new king, Peter I Karadordevic before ending his life in obscurity. Birth and family background
Although commonly known as <mask> he was born in Belgrade as Obren Hristić. Acknowledged by King Milan as his son, he was given the name Obren at birth to underline his kinship to the ruling House of Obrenović. The husband of <mask>’s mother was Milan Hristić, the king’s private secretary and son of the Serbian statesman Filip Hristić. The relationship between the parents of <mask> and the fact his mother was living in the Royal Palace, caused a great scandal and resulted in Queen Natalie fleeing Belgrade with her son Crown Prince Alexander for Wiesbaden in the German Empire. His mother’s husband was subsequently removed from his position as private secretary and sent abroad as Serbian Minister to Berlin on condition his wife stays in Belgrade.This appointment fell through however after the Berlin court made it clear he was unwelcome so he was instead sent to Rome. Although King Milan had given a written promise of marriage to Artemisia his attempts to divorce Queen Natalie were opposed by Mihailo, the Metropolitan of Belgrade. Eventually both of <mask>’s parents secured divorces from their respective spouses. Five months after his divorce on 6 March 1889 King Milan abdicated from the Serbian throne angering <mask>’s mother. After eventually growing tired of ex-King Milan’s demands for money from her, Artemisa took <mask> to live in Constantinople where her father lived and had acquired substantial wealth first as a landscape gardener and architect to the Ottoman sultan and later in Banking. Ex-King Milan then broke off his promise of marriage and turned instead to the Serbian government for financial assistance and was eventually even reconciled with his ex-wife Queen Natalie on 8 March 1893. Serbian pretender

With the breakdown of the relationship of his parents <mask> was raised in a privileged environment by his mother in Constantinople.Following the death in 1901 of his father in exile in Vienna, <mask>’s life changed. Some of his late father’s friends who were appalled by his half brother King Alexander’s treatment of King Milan took an interest in him as a possible candidate for the Serbian throne. One friend, the Hungarian count Eugene Zichy, assumed the role of his guardian. Count Eugene generally treated him as his own son and attempted to get the agreement of Emperor Franz Joseph I to enrol <mask> in the Theresian Military Academy. However, as his pretensions to the Serbian throne were not viewed favourably in Vienna the emperor refused to allow his enrolment. Although the natural son of King Milan and even though his half brother and his consort Queen Draga were without an heir <mask> was not seen by his half brother as a possible successor to the throne. Instead the queens brother Nikodije Lunjevica and Prince Mirko of Montenegro, who was married to Natalija Konstantinović (granddaughter of Princess Anka <mask>) were talked of as being named the heir.After the regicide of his half brother King Alexander and his consort Queen Draga in 1903 the throne of Serbia was offered to Prince Peter Karageorgevich whose family had a decades long feud with the <mask>’s over the throne. As the sole male line descendant of the Obrenović’s, <mask>’s guardian Count Eugene claimed that his father King Milan had legally adopted him and as such this was enough to legitimise him, and his claims to the throne and make him the heir to his father and half brother. <mask> had support within Serbia in the aftermath of the regicide with his supporters posting proclamations in Belgrade and fighting with supporters of the newly elected king, Peter Karageorgevich. Although there were reports that <mask> and his mother were to cross over into Serbia nothing came of this and the Ottoman sultan advised his mother that he should be kept off the streets over fears that he would be assassinated. In 1906, three years after the death of his half brother and the accession of King Peter Karageorgevich, <mask> made an unsuccessful attempt to gain the throne of Serbia. In June while studying in Klausenburg, Hungary a dispute in a coffee shop led to a duel with swords being fought between <mask> and a university student. Although he survived the duel he came off worse sustaining injuries to his head, shoulder and breast.He suffered a further blow at the end of that year when his guardian Count Eugene Zichy died on Boxing Day leaving <mask> little in his will having used his own money to support his pretensions, as King Milan had left nothing to his son. All was not lost however as he still had a large inheritance to look forward to from his grandfather in Constantinople. Fall into obscurity

Back in the Ottoman capital in February 1907 <mask> survived an assassination attempt when a man wielding a dagger attempted to stab him in his chest, however he escaped with just a scratch after the dagger hit a thick pocket book he was carrying. Five months later in July 1907 a bomb went off outside the US Embassy in Constantinople. As <mask> lived in a house adjoining the embassy word spread that it was an assassination attempt by agents of King Peter Karageorgevich. This explanation for the bombing was met with some scepticism and viewed by some as an attempt to use the explosion to keep <mask> in the public eye. The following month it was reported that he had attempted to take his own life after the Ottoman authorities had refused to allow him to assume the surname <mask>.There may however have been other issues on his mind as an investigation into the bombing concluded that <mask> had set it up himself to make it look like an attempt on his life. As a result, he was expelled from Turkey by the Sultan. The discovery also cost <mask> his inheritance from his grandfather who was furious at his grandson's actions and wrote him out of his will. His grandfather died later that year before any chance for reconciliation could ever take place. Now banished from Turkey <mask> made his way to Paris before heading to Austria-Hungary where he received some support from his late father’s friends who saw the potential that he may one day ascend the Serbian throne. To help boost his finances failed attempts were also made to secure a rich wife from Austria-Hungary or America for him. When the support came to an end he largely disappeared from view travelling around Europe and falling into debt.Eventually he fell into comparative poverty and tried his hand at a number of different jobs to survive. After his attempt to work in the Austro-Hungarian state ministries failed due to his lack of qualifications, he worked at various jobs such as a stable boy and professional jockey before trying his hand at singing in cafés and on stage, until he was forced to abandon that career by the police due to the fact he had been billing himself as a prince. He then went on to work as a waiter, and a porter in sleeping cars on the Orient Express. His name reappeared in connection to his old pretensions during World War I when it was falsely reported in January 1916 that he had been proclaimed King of Serbia by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians. <mask> later went on to become a writer, however the only book he ever wrote, which was about the life of his father King Milan, was suppressed by the Serbian government. <mask> died penniless in a Hungarian poorhouse on 9 October 1925. Possible descendants

According to a 2003 article by the Serbian media company Novosti AD, <mask> had a son called Stefan who served as a cavalry captain in the French Army.Stefan in turn had a son named Panta (Panka) <mask> (also known as Mark Eme) who served as chairman of the "Fund Obrenović" until his death in Paris in early 2002. References

1890 births
1925 deaths
People from Belgrade
People from the Kingdom of Serbia
Pretenders to the Serbian throne
Obrenović dynasty
Illegitimate children of monarchs
Serbian duellists
Serbian people of Greek descent
Writers from Belgrade

masks:
Milan George Obrenovic
George
George Obrenović
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
Obrenović
Obrenović
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
Obrenović
George
George
George
George
George Obrenović
George
Obrenović


title: Lynd Ward

texts:
<mask> (June 26, 1905 – June 28, 1985) was an American artist and novelist, known for his series of wordless novels using wood engraving, and his illustrations for juvenile and adult books. His wordless novels have influenced the development of the graphic novel. Strongly associated with his wood engravings, he also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. <mask> was a son of Methodist minister and political organizer Harry F<mask>. His most well known books are Gods' Man and his Caldecott-winning The Biggest Bear. Early life

<mask> was born on June 26, 1905, in Chicago, Illinois. His father, Harry F<mask>, was born in Chiswick, England, in 1873; the elder <mask> was a Methodist who moved to the United States in 1891 after reading the progressive Social Aspects of Christianity (1889) by Richard T. Ely.He named his son after the rural town of Lyndhurst, located in the south coastal county of Hampshire, where he had lived for two years as a teenager prior to his emigration. <mask>'s mother, Harriet May "Daisy" <mask>, was born in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1873. The couple met at Northwestern University in Chicago, Illinois, and were married in 1899. Their first child, Gordon Hugh <mask>, was born in June 1903, and a third, Muriel <mask>, was born February 18, 1907. Soon after birth, <mask> developed tuberculosis; his parents took him north of Sault Ste. Marie in Canada for several months to recover. He partly recovered, and continued to suffer from symptoms of the disease throughout his childhood, as well as from inner ear and mastoid infections.In the hope of improving his health, the family moved to Oak Park, Illinois, where his father became a pastor at the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. <mask> was early drawn to art, and decided to become an artist when his first-grade teacher told him that "<mask>" spelled backward is "draw". Having skipped a grade, <mask> graduated from grammar school a year early in 1918. The family moved to Englewood, New Jersey, and <mask> entered Englewood High School, where he became art editor of the school newspaper and yearbook, and learned linoleum-block printing. In 1922, he graduated with honors in art, mathematics, and debate. <mask> studied fine arts at Columbia Teachers College in New York. He edited the Jester of Columbia, to which he contributed arts and crafts how-to articles.His roommate arranged a blind date for <mask> and May Yonge McNeer (1902–1994) in 1923; May had been the first female undergraduate at the University of Georgia in her freshman year. The two married on June 11, 1926, shortly after their graduation, and left for Europe for their honeymoon. After four months in eastern Europe, the couple settled in Leipzig in Germany for a year, where <mask> studied as a special one-year student at the . He learned etching from Alois Kolb, lithography from , and wood engraving from Hans Alexander "Theodore" Mueller; <mask> was particularly influenced by Mueller. <mask> chanced across a copy of Flemish artist Frans Masereel's wordless novel The Sun (1919), a story told in sixty-three woodcuts without captions. Career
<mask> returned to the United States in September 1927, with a number of book publishers in his portfolio . In 1928, his first commissioned work illustrated Dorothy Rowe's The Begging Deer: Stories of Japanese Children with eight brush drawings.May helped with background research for the illustrations, and wrote another book of Japanese folk tales, Prince Bantam (1929), with illustrations by <mask>. Other work at the time included illustrations for the children's book Little Blacknose by Hildegarde Swift, and an illustrated edition of Oscar Wilde's poem "Ballad of Reading Gaol". In 1929, <mask> was inspired to create a wordless novel of his own after he came across German artist Otto Nückel's Destiny (1926). The first American wordless novel,  was published by Smith & Cape that October, the week before the Wall Street Crash of 1929; over the next four years, it sold more than 20,000 copies. He made five more such works: Madman's Drum (1930), Wild Pilgrimage (1932), Prelude to a Million Years (1933), Song Without Words (1936), and Vertigo (1937). In addition to woodcuts, <mask> also worked in watercolor, oil, brush and ink, lithography and mezzotint. <mask> illustrated over a hundred children's books, several of which were collaborations with his wife, May.Starting in 1938, <mask> became a frequent illustrator of the Heritage Limited Editions Club's series of classic works. He was well known for the political themes of his artwork, often addressing labor and class issues. In 1932 he founded Equinox Cooperative Press. He was a member of the Society of Illustrators, a member and President of the Society of American Graphic Artists (SAGA), and the National Academy of Design. <mask> lived with his wife in a home in Cresskill, New Jersey to which they added a studio for their work. <mask> retired to his home in Reston, Virginia, in 1979. He died on June 28, 1985, two days after his 80th birthday, predeceasing his wife.Documentary
In celebration of the art and life of this American printmaker and illustrator, independent filmmaker Michael Maglaras of 217 Films produced a film titled O Brother Man: The Art and Life of Lynd <mask>. The documentary features an interview with the artist's daughter <mask> Savage, as well as more than 150 works from all periods of <mask>'s career. The 94-minute documentary, culled from over seven hours of film and narrated by Maglaras, premiered at Penn State University Library's, Foster Auditorium, on April 20, 2012, where it was warmly received. Penn State's Special Collections Library has also become the repository for much Lynd <mask> material, and may continue to receive material from <mask> family collections. Awards
He won a number of awards, including a Library of Congress Award for wood engraving, the Caldecott Medal for The Biggest Bear in 1953 (with a runner-up for America's Ethan Allen in 1950), and a Rutgers University award for Distinguished Contribution to Children's Literature. He also illustrated two Newbery Medal books and six runners-up. In 2011, <mask> was listed as a Judges' Choice for The Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame.Novels in woodcuts

<mask> is known for his wordless novels told entirely through dramatic wood engravings. <mask>'s first work,  (1929), uses a blend of Art Deco and Expressionist styles to tell the story of an artist's struggle with his craft, his seduction and subsequent abuse by money and power, his escape to innocence, and his unavoidable doom. <mask>, in employing the concept of the wordless pictorial narrative, acknowledged as his predecessors the European artists Frans Masereel and Otto Nückel. Released the week of the 1929 stock market crash,  would continue to exert influence well beyond the Depression era, becoming an important source of inspiration for Beat Generation poet Allen Ginsberg. <mask> produced six wood engraving novels over the next eight years, including:

  (1929)
 Madman's Drum (1930)
 Wild Pilgrimage (1932)
 Prelude to a Million Years (1933)
 Song Without Words (1936)
 Vertigo (1937)

<mask> left one more wordless novel partially completed at the time of his death in 1985. The 26 completed wood engravings (out of a planned total of 44) were published in a limited edition in 2001, under the title Lynd <mask>'s Last, Unfinished, Wordless Novel. Other works

In 1930 <mask>'s wood engravings were used to illustrate Alec Waugh's travel book Hot Countries; in 1936 an edition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein was published with illustrations by <mask>.<mask> illustrated the 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge, with text by Hildegarde Swift. His work on children's books also included his 1953 Caldecott Medal winning book The Biggest Bear, Nic of the Woods from 1965 which he wrote and illustrated, and his work on Esther Forbes' Johnny Tremain. He also produced a wordless story for children, The Silver Pony, which is told entirely in black, white and shades of gray painted illustrations; it was published in 1973. <mask>'s work included an awareness of the racial injustice to be found in the United States. This is first apparent in the lynching scenes from Wild Pilgrimage and appears again in his drawings for North Star Shining: A Pictorial History of the American Negro, by Hildegarde Hoyt Swift, published in 1947. <mask> uses African American characters, as well as several different Native ones, in his book The Silver Pony. <mask> also illustrated Little Baptiste, My Friend Mac and The Wolf of Lamb's Lane which were all written by his wife, May McNeer.In 1941 his illustrations were used in Great Ghost Stories of the World: The Haunted Omnibus, edited by Alexander Laing. In 1974 Harry N. Abrams published Storyteller Without Words, a book that included <mask>'s six novels plus an assortment of his illustrations from other books. <mask> himself broke his silence and wrote brief prologues to each of his works. In 2010, the Library of America published Lynd Ward: Six Novels in Woodcuts, with a new chronology of <mask>'s life and an introduction by Art Spiegelman. Influence

<mask>'s work had an important influence on the work of later graphic artists such as Art Spiegelman, George Walker, Clifford Harper, Eric Drooker, Jarrett Heckbert, Steven McCabe and Megan Speers. His works have been praised by R. Crumb, filmmaker Guillermo Del Toro, and Alan Moore. Since 2011, <mask> has been honored and his name has been attached to the prestigious annual Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize, which is sponsored by Penn State University Libraries and administered by the Pennsylvania Center for the Book, an affiliate of the Center for the Book at the US Library of Congress.Previous winners of the Lynd Ward Prize—given in recognition of the best graphic novel or comic book, fiction or nonfiction, published in the previous calendar year by a living US or Canadian citizen or resident—have been Nick Sousanis, Jillian Tamaki, Mariko Tamaki, Jim Woodring, Chris Ware, Anders Nilsen, Adam Hines, Nora Krug, Travis Dandro, and Emil Ferris. Notes

References

Works cited

External links
 Lynd Ward Graphic Novel Prize
 Bio at Rutgers University Libraries
 "Silent Beauty" by Christopher Capozzola, In These Times, October 14, 2005
 Columbus Museum of Art Lynd <mask>'s work Company Town (click on picture for larger version)
 Lynd Ward on JVJ Publishing: Illustrators
 Guide to the Lynd Ward papers at the University of Oregon
 Lynd Ward's illustrations for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

 www.artistarchive.com A searchable catalogue listing of over 600 prints by this artist, many with images. Comic artist and historian Art Spiegelman interviewed about the significance of Lynd <mask>
 Grant F. Scott, "Victor's Secret: Queer Gothic in Lynd <mask>'s Illustrations to Frankenstein (1934)" Word & Image 28 (April–June 2012): 206–232. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02666286.2012.687545
 Lynd Ward discussed in Conversations from Penn State interview

1905 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
American children's book illustrators
American engravers
American graphic novelists
American male novelists
American people of English descent
Artists from Chicago
Caldecott Medal winners
National Academy of Design members
People from Cresskill, New Jersey
Place of birth missing
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame inductees

masks:
Lynd Kendall Ward
Ward
. Ward
Ld Kendall Ward
. Ward
Ward
Ward
Kendall Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Death Ward
Ward
Robin Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward


title: Colin Ratushniak

texts:
<mask> (born 18 August 1985) is a Canadian professional ice skater and politician who appeared in the TV show Dancing on Ice in 2011, with celebrity skating partner Laura Hamilton. In September 2012, Ratushniak attained a two-year visa and moved to the UK to concentrate on building a career in TV production. In November 2020, he was elected the mayor of the town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan. Background
Born in Gillam, Manitoba in Canada, Ratushniak began skating at the age of two. He played ice hockey until he was 12 years old, at which point he began making the transition from hockey player to ice skater. When his family moved to Brandon, he continued training and began his competitive career. Competitive career
From 1998 to 2002, Ratushniak reigned as the province of Manitoba's men's novice champion.He also won a pre-novice bronze medal at the Junior National Championships in 2000. Professional skating career

2003–2010
In 2003, after graduating from high school, Ratushniak turned professional and joined Feld Entertainment to skate in the critically acclaimed Disney on Ice productions, touring the UK in 2008 with the show "High School Musical." For the next 8 years he continued to tour, working with illustrious names such as Rand Productions and Karen Kresge Productions, to date performing in over 50 countries and 500 major cities across 5 continents. During this time he also developed his skills as a pairs skater, pairing up with Amanda Frank and Isabelle Gauthier. In 2010, at age 24, Ratushniak performed his first backflip on the ice. 2011

Dancing on Ice
In January 2011, Ratushniak took his first foray into the world of prime time TV when he appeared as a professional skater in series 6 of the UK TV show Dancing on Ice with celebrity partner, Laura Hamilton and the couple were early favourites to win the series. They eventually finished runners up in the series to Brianne Delcourt and Sam Attwater and went on to perform in cities across the UK with the Dancing on Ice Live Tour.Performances/results

Beyond Broadway
In August and September 2011, Ratushniak performed alongside Olympic figure skating champion Joannie Rochette in the show Beyond Broadway at the Canadian National Exhibition (CNE). Performing with professional partner Isabelle Gauthier, they skated to the song "Seasons of Love" from the Broadway musical Rent, as well as joining the rest of cast for other routines. Tropicana – The Passion Tour
The end of 2011 and the beginning of 2012 saw Ratushniak performing in the Holiday on Ice show, Tropicana. Running from December 2011 until February 2012 across The Netherlands and the UK, the show was created and choreographed by Olympic champion Robin Cousins MBE and featured music from singer Barry Manilow. The show premiered in Eindhoven and went on to play in Amsterdam, Maastricht, Utrecht, Zwolle, Brighton, Peterborough, Cardiff and Exeter. 2012

Skating on Broadway
In March 2012, Ratushniak travelled to Irapuato in Mexico to perform in the Ucha Atayde Entertainment production of Skating on Broadway. The show's cast performed to a selection of songs from Broadway musicals with Ratushniak taking the starring role in the sections for Rent and Lion King.He returned to Mexico in April 2012 and again in June 2012 this time performing the show in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango respectively. During the latter period he took on the additional role of Company Manager, responsible for co-ordinating all aspects of the show's production. Quebec club shows
In between his shows in Mexico, Ratushniak joined forces with pro partner Isabelle Gauthier once again to perform as guests in the Annual Gala shows of skating clubs in Quebec. As well as their Seasons of Love routine from the show Beyond Broadway, Ratushniak and Gauthier performed a new routine that they'd choreographed especially for the shows, skating to the song "Moves Like Jagger". The shows took place at skating clubs in Charny, Abénakis and Lac-Mégantic. Rock on Ice
In April 2012 and again in June 2012 Ratushniak performed in the production of Rock on Ice, a show which ran alongside the production Skating on Broadway. He joined the cast for the show's run in the cities of Villahermosa and Durango in Mexico performing as both a soloist and member of the ensemble to songs from rock legends including ZZ Top, Van Halen, Pink Floyd and Queen.His role as Company Manager whilst in Durango encompassed both shows. Kyran Bracken's Ice Party
After moving to the UK permanently in September 2012, Ratushniak performed for the first time with professional skater, Patti Petrus, at Kyran's Bracken's Ice Party in Blackpool. The show took place from 1 to 3 November with Ratushniak and Petrus skating pairs routines alongside other professional skaters Karen Barber, Daniel Whiston and Brianne Delcourt. Stars on Ice Australia
In November 2012 Ratushniak travelled to Singapore to perform in the Stars on Ice Australia Christmas Gala shows which took place in Novena Square. He performed in the show as a soloist as well as pairs. The show ran from 24 November until 23 December. 2013

Celebrities on Ice
Performing alongside TV personality Chico Slimani, England Rugby legend Kyran Bracken, West End star Ray Quinn and the world-famous Russian Ice Stars, Ratushniak starred in the show Celebrities on Ice in January 2013.Held at Peterborough Arena from 25 to 27 January, the show was hosted by celebrity Christopher Biggins. The show subsequently embarked on a UK nationwide arena tour from April until June 2013 where he performed alongside Dancing on Ice celebrities Beth Tweddle, Matthew Lapinskas and Gareth Thomas and professional skaters Daniel Whiston, Brianne Delcourt and Jenna Nicole Smith. Stars on Ice Australia
Ratushniak ended the year with a return to Singapore to perform once again at the Velocity Christmas shows held in Novena Square. The show, produced by Stars on Ice Australia, ran from 26 November to 22 December and featured a mix of popular music and classic Christmas songs performed by a cast of three professional skaters. 2014

Skate in the City
Taking place at Broadgate Ice Rink and hosted by Southend Airport, Ratushniak performed alongside English rugby player and Dancing on Ice star Kyran Bracken,
X factor contestant Chico, Eastenders and Dancing on Ice contestant Matt Lapinskas, and the Russian Ice Stars in a one-off outdoor event, Skate in the City. Val-Bélair Gala Show
Ratushniak was reunited with pro skating partner Isabelle Gauthier on 5 April to perform at the Val-Bélair Gala Show in Quebec. The pair skated their Seasons of Love and Moves Like Jagger routines at the show; the first they had paired up for since March 2013.Filmography

TV production

Other interests
As well as being a professional ice skater, Ratushniak is also a qualified pilot and licensed property developer. Ratushniak was elected mayor of the northern town of La Ronge, Saskatchewan in November 2020, making him the first openly gay mayor in La Ronge's history. References

External links
Riverlight Talent Inc
<mask>k backflip

1985 births
Gay politicians
Gay sportsmen
LGBT figure skaters
LGBT mayors of places in Canada
Living people
Canadian male single skaters
Sportspeople from Manitoba
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
Mayors of places in Saskatchewan
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Colin Ratushniak
Colin Ratushnia