title: Dario Bellezza

texts:
<mask> (5 September 1944 – 31 March 1996) was an Italian poet, author and playwright. He won the Viareggio, Gatto, and Montale prizes. Biography
<mask> was born in Rome on 5 September 1944. After his studies at a liceo classico in his native city, from which he graduated in 1962, he worked for several Italian literary and poetry magazines: Paragone, Carte segrete, Bimestre, Periferia, and Il Policordo. <mask> entered the Roman intellectual world in the mid-1960s when, thanks to literary critic and writer Enzo Siciliano, he became increasingly close to Sandro Penna, Aldo Palazzeschi, Attilio Bertolucci, Alberto Moravia, and Elsa Morante, who eventually became a confidant. The decade from 1950-1960 was a period in which the working class, the Italian Communist Party, the trade unions, and all their hopes for radical cultural change were dramatically defeated. The political and economic growth of the Christian Democrat middle class and the new, changed Freemasonries prevailed.<mask>, thus, lived in a political-cultural era convulsed by the ideological confrontations of the 1960s and the subversive ideological line of the aggressive neoavant-garde that struggled against conventional linguistic codes. From the early 1960s on, <mask> collaborated with the magazine Nuovi argomenti, becoming associate director shortly before his death. When Invettive e licenze (Invectives and Licenses) appeared in 1971, it was hailed by Pier Paolo Pasolini in his introduction: "Here is the best poet of the new generation". Invettive e licenze, notable for its technical rigor, depicts people overwhelmed by bitterness, shame, feelings of guilt, alienation, scandal, and sexual perversions. The poems also express a constant, thinly veiled desire for death. Since 1978 has begun a productive collaboration with Pellicanolibri, with the series "Inediti rari e diversi", publishing texts by Alberto Moravia, Renzo Paris, Gianfranco Rossi, Goliarda Sapienza and Anna Maria Ortese, for her with Beppe Costa and Adele Cambria he will manage to enforce for the first time the Bacchelli’s law, an annuity which is intended to poets and writers in need. <mask> was a bourgeois, as were many other intellectuals, but differed from them, according to Pasolini, in being "the first poet bourgeois to judge himself".Pasolini had a profound affection for <mask>'s work and his artistic experience.The young poet reciprocated this feeling, and also was deeply grateful to Elsa Morante for what he called his poetic apprenticeship. In 1981, enraged by the publication of the "obscene" photographs of the dead Pasolini "in tutta la loro gelida, disarmante crudezza... nudo, esposto, con tutte le macabre ferite esibite del suo 'sacro' martirio" (in their icy, disarming rawness... naked, exposed, with all the grisly wounds exhibited of his 'sacred' martyrdom), <mask> wrote the biographical essay Morte di Pasolini (Death of Pasolini). In 1983, he published io (me), the lack of capital letters intentional. In this work, <mask> lightly but concretely describes his everyday life and the mediocre desperation of his loves in ample detail. The poet associates life with insomnia, a curse that constantly pursues him:

In the book, he describes suffering from insomnia because, as a highly educated bourgeois and homosexual bigot, he feels tortured by a feeling of guilt and driven by the many contradictions that struggle against each other. Such contradictions are the quintessence of his existence:

In his guilt-ridden insomniac persona, he anticipated the poetry that would be too often adopted in the 1980s, that of the artist-outcast. <mask> was consumed by anguish and by the relics of (a now mocking) sense of hope:

He is reduced to corrosive accounts of his own social condition:

The difficulty of homosexual life in Rome, particularly the requirements of secrecy and clandestinity of the love act, is a staple of <mask>'s poetic and prosaic writing.In <mask>'s first novel, L'innocenza (Innocence, 1971), Nino, the protagonist, consciously chooses the perdition and corruption of a living homosexual hell. In <mask>'s infernal world, homosexuality can be nothing else but prostitution and neurotically masochistic obsessions: in Lettere da Sodoma (Letters from Sodom, 1972), his conclusion is that everything is Hell and that the only salvation is the systematic refusal of the self. <mask> won the Viareggio prize in 1976 for Morte segreta, the Gatto prize in 1991 for Invettive e licenze, the Montale prize in 1994 for L'avversario, and for the play Ordalia della croce he received the Fondi la Postora prize in 1994. He died of AIDS in Rome on 31 March 1996. That year, a poetry prize was established in his name. Works

Poetry
 Invettive e licenze ("Invectives and licenses", 1971)
 Morte segreta ("Secret death", 1976)
 Libro d'amore ("Book of love", 1982)
 io (me) ("I (me)", 1983)
 Piccolo canzoniere (small collection of lyrics, 1986)
 Undici erotiche ("Eleven erotic pieces", 1986)
 Serpenta (Lo specchio) (1987) . Libro di poesia ("Book of poetry", 1990) .Testamento di sangue ("Testament of blood", 1992) . Gatti e altro ("Cats etc. ", 1993)
 L'avversario ("The adversary", 1994) . Proclama sul fascino ("Manifest of glamour", 1996) . The collected works were published as:
 Poesie 1971-1996 (2002)

His poems have appeared in English translations:
 by Ruth Feldman and Brian Swann in Italian Poetry Today: Currents and Trends
 by Luca Baldoni in Italian Poetry Review, vol 1, 2006 pp. 76–91
 by Peter Covino in Asymptote

Prose
 L'innocenza ("Innocence", 1970) ., Pellicanolibri, 1992
 Lettere da Sodoma ("Letters from Sodom", 1972)
 Il carnefice ("The executioner", 1973)
 Angelo ("Angel", 1979)
 Morte di Pasolini ("Pasolini's death", 1981, also published as Il poeta assassinato: Una riflessione, un'ipotesi, una sfida sulla morte di Pier Paolo Pasolini (Gli specchi della memoria), 1996) . Storia di Nino De Donato ("The History of Nino", a new edition of L'innocenza) 1983.Turbamento ("Disturbance", 1984)
 L'amore felice: Romanzo ("Happy love: a novel", 1986) . L'innocenza e altri racconti, Pellicanolibri, 1992. Nozze col diavolo: Romanzi e racconti ("Marriage with the devil", 1995) . Theatre
 Testamento di sangue ("Testament of blood", 1992)
 Apologia di teatro - Colosseo ("Apology of theatre", 1983, Pellicanolibri, 1985
 Salomé (1991, Arduino Sacco, 2009)
 Morte funesta ("Woeful death", 1993)
 Ordalia della croce ("Ordeal of the cross", 1994)

Bibliography

English
Renzo Paris in Bloody Europe! Racconti, Playground, Rome, 2004. Canadian Journal of Italian Studies, vol. 20, 1997.DeSoto Press. Italian
Battisti, S. and M. Bettarini. Chi è il poeta?. Milan: Gammalibri, 1980. Cavallaro, F. (ed.). L'arcano fascino dell'amore tradito, Giulio Perrone Editore, Roma 2006.Cordelli, F. Il poeta postumo. Consenza: Lerici, 1978. Cristallo, M. Uscir fuori Dieci anni di lotte omosessuali in Italia: 1971/1981, Teti, Milano 1996, pp. 36–38. Cucchi, M. and S. Giovanardi. Poeti italiani del secondo novecento 1945-1995. Milan: Mondadori, 1996.Esposito, V. L'altro Novecento nella poesia italiana: critica e testi. Bastogi, 1999. Gnerre, F. L'eroe negato. Omosessualità e letteratura nel Novecento italiano, Baldini & Castoldi, Milano 2000. Gregorini, M. Il male di <mask> <mask>: vita e morte di un poeta. Stampa alternativa/ Nuovi equilibri, 2006, , , 208 pages. Gregorini, M. Morte <mask>: storia di una verità nascosta.Castelvecchi, 1997, , , 143 pages. Priori, D. Diario di un mostro. Omaggio insolito a Dario Bellezza, 2006. References

External links

Short biography and bibliography

1944 births
1996 deaths
Writers from Rome
Italian male poets
Italian dramatists and playwrights
Gay writers
LGBT writers from Italy
LGBT rights activists from Italy
Infectious disease deaths in Lazio
Viareggio Prize winners
LGBT dramatists and playwrights
AIDS-related deaths in Italy
20th-century Italian poets
20th-century Italian dramatists and playwrights
Italian male dramatists and playwrights
Burials in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome
20th-century Italian male writers
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Dario Bellezza
Dario Bellezza
Bellezza
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di Bellezza


title: Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma

type: original

texts:
<mask> (24 October 1917 – 6 May 2003) was an Indian writer in the Telugu and Hindi languages. He was active in literary and cultural fields in the Indian independence movement, and became an important figure in the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (DBHP), a Hindi-language movement in South India. Birth and early years
Shri <mask> was born to Shri <mask> and Smt. Raghavamma in Edumudi village, six miles away from Uppugunduru railway station in Prakasham district, Andhra Pradesh state, India on 24 October 1917 (Wednesday), on Maha Navami (a day before Dussera). Shri <mask> had two brothers and four sisters. His grandfather was a merchant with agricultural land of around 300 acres. Due to losses in business, they lost everything and had to move to Kuchipudi Village, 3 miles near to Tenali, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.Due to business losses the family went through extreme poverty. As he grew, Seshaiah Garu made <mask> <mask> to realize that for a poor Brahmin family to survive, he had to practice paurohitya (ritual practices in the Vedic tradition). To learn Sanskrit, <mask> <mask> learnt "Raghuvamsham" from Shri Venkatappayya Sastry Garu, "Smarthamu" from Seshaiah Garu. He later joined Shri Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry Garu in Varahapuram as a disciple for three years. He also traveled to Vemuru village near Varahapuram to learn "Tarka Shastram" and "Nishada Kavyam" from Shri Kuruganti Venkata Ramana Sastry Garu. During this period, <mask> <mask> Garu used to eat with one Brahmin family each day of the week to survive. Education
<mask> <mask> studied for 'Ubhayabhasha Praveen' of Andhra University Oriental Degree at Sanskrit College, Tenali, Andhra Pradesh.After leaving college he participated in National Movement, and subsequently studied 'Sahitya Visharada' Hindi Literature at Naini Hindi Vidyapeeth, Allahabad. Achievements and recognition

Computers in Indian languages
Working with the Department of Electronics, Govt. of India, <mask> Sharma contributed to developing computer keyboards for all Indian languages, and was instrumental in taking up developmental projects in software and hardware. Propagation and development of national language
<mask> Sharma sought to propagate of Hindi as the national language in the former dominions of the Nizam of Hyderabad, comprising Telangana, Maharashtra and Karnataka. He took part in the literary movement in Hyderabad, and organised and coordinated Kavi Sammelans and Nataka Sammelans in fourteen languages. He joined the DBHP movement in 1938 and established a postgraduate department within it. He introduced M.A.in Functional Hindi at Hyderabad in 1978, the first of its kind in India. He also introduced M.Phil., Ph.D. and D.Litt., and postgraduate diploma in Translation and Journalism. He founded two more colleges, at Ernakulam and Dharwar, and introduced Hindi Teacher Training Colleges offering B.Ed., & M.Ed., Courses at Hyderabad and then in Madras, Dharwar and Ernakulam. Finally he helped to design DCA and MCA courses through the medium of Hindi. Awards
 'Babu Ganga Saran Singh Award' - Awarded by Govt. of India in 1989
 'Souhardra Award' given by Govt. of Uttar Pradesh in 1990
 Felicitations by more than 200 organisations at more than 50 cities and towns
 'Abhinandan Granth' - A book marking his contribution to the national language

Professional career

Positions held
<mask> <mask> began to teach Hindi in 1935 at Bheemavaram and Eluru, West Godavari District.Within the DBHP he was appointed as organiser in Andhra in 1940, and as Chief Executive successively of Hyderabad Hindi prachar Sangh, Hyderabad, of DBHP Sabha Andhra Pradesh (1958–59), of DBHP Sabha, Kerala Eranakulam (1962–66), and of DBHP Sabha, Delhi (1966–74). He served as its  Chief Secretary at the Madras headquarters 1974-79. He was Registrar, DBHP Sabha at Hindi University (declared by The Parliament of India as an Institution of National Importance) from 1978 to 1991 when Sri P.V. Narasimha Rao was Vice-Chancellor. He was appointed Pro-Vice Chancellor of Post Graduate and Research Wing of DBHP Sabha in 1999. He worked as General Secretary of Federation of All-India Voluntary Hindi organisations, Delhi, sponsored by Govt. of India, for a period of six years.Committee memberships In various ministries
 Hindi Advisory Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Hindi Advisory Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Hindi Advisory Committee, Ministry of Education, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Hindi Advisory Committee, Coal India Ltd.
 Hindi Advisory Committee, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Hindi Advisory Committee, Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Committee for Common Key Board for Computer, Department of Electronics, Govt.of India, New Delhi
 Committee on Technology Mission, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Was Member of 12 other Ministries in the Past

Literary contributions

Books written on Literary Integration
 'Tootthi Paramparayen' Translation of Telugu novel by Mahidhar Rammohan Rao into Hindi. "House Surgeon" translation of Telugu novel written by Dr. Kommuri Venugopala Rao which was awarded with National prize for best translation
 "Is Desh Ki Yah Bhi Ek Samasya Hai" translation of novel by Dr. K. Venugopal Rao into Hindi
 "Dilli Dalarulu" translation of Hindi novel by Panday Bechan Sarma "Ugra" into Telugu
 "Kalasina Jeevithalu", translation of Malela Jeev in Telugu, Gujarati novel by Pannalal Patel
 "Jeevitham Oka Nataka Rangam" translation of Gujarathi Novel into Telugu by Sri Pannalal Patel
 "Vishwarathudu" - Gujarathi Novel - K.M. Munshi into Telugu
 'Sambarakanya' - Gujarathi Novel — K.M. Munshi
 'Devadatta' - Gujarathi Novel — K.M. Munshi into Telugu
 'Vishwanath Ki Kahaniyan' - Telugu Stories of Jnanapeeth Puraskar Winner Sri Viswanatha Satyanarayana into Hindi
 'Munimanikyam Ki Kahaniyan' - Telugu Stories by Sri Munimanikyam Narasimha Rao into Hindi
 'Akkasha Deepam' - Hindi Stories into Telugu
 'Urdu Kathalu' - Urdu Stories into Telugu
 'Alluri Seetharama Raju' - Drama of Sri Padala Rama Rao into Hindi
 'Kala-Jeevitha Darshanam' - Kaka Kalekar's Book into Telugu
 Naa Bhartha Naa Daivam' - Book on Sri Lalbahadur Sastry as Told by Smt. Lalitha Devi written by Umashankarji
 'Tirupathi Venkata Kavulu' English to Telugu Translation
 Translation of 'Gandhi and Marx' by Kishorilal Mashruwala  into Telugu
 'Godavari Hans Padi' - Telugu Stories into Hindi — Editing
 'Kali Khil Uthi' - Telugu Short Stories — Editing
 'Srestha Kahaniyan' - Collection of Hindi Stories - 1973
 'Bharath Katha Sarovar' - Stories written in Hindi by Non Hindi writers — Editing
 'Vishwanath Krititva Aur Vyaktitwa' - Articles written — Editing
 'Mangal prabhatham' - Gandhi's book into Telugu
 Founder Editor of 'Sravanthi' Telugu Literary Monthly

Editor
 Founder Editor of 'Sravanthi' - Telugu Literary Monthly being Published for 52 years By DBHP Sabha, Hyderabad
 Poorna Kumbh_Hindi Monthly
 Dakshin Bharath — Hindi Monthly
 Dakshin Bharathi — Hindi Quarterly
 Kerala Bharathi — Hindi Monthly
 Samaveth Swar — Hindi Bi – Monthly

Theatre movement
Anjaneya Sarma participated in theatre movement as a means to propagate nationalism from the age of 20.He acted as "Devadas" and in other lead roles in many dramatic performances, and wrote and directed plays and dramas in Hindi and Telugu. Library movement
<mask> <mask> was instrumental in establishing 'National Library' for Research in Hindi at Madras. He established many other libraries and reading rooms, and organised literary and cultural activities using libraries as a common place of meeting to arouse nationalism among the lawyers and other elite groups of towns and cities. Educational activities
<mask> <mask> served as advisor of teaching South Indian languages for Governments of Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. He also taught Hindi and Telugu to parliamentarians in the Central Hall of Parliament. Cultural activities
<mask> <mask> was in contact with Sri Prithviraj Kapoor and other leaders in the cultural field. He held many posts of responsibility in Andhra Nataka Kala Parishad, and organised cultural activities involving artists in Delhi, Madras, Hyderabad and Ernakulam.Broadcasting
For many years <mask> <mask> taught Hindi through radio lessons on All India Radio. Through All India Radio he also broadcast over 100 speeches in Hindi and Telugu , and participated in more than 50 panel discussions and interviews. On Doordarshan he presented reviews of Telugu films, and appeared in national telecasts connected with Hindi Day. Institutions Associated with
 Parliamentarians Hindi Association, New Delhi
 Central Hindi Directorate, New Delhi
 Central Sahitya Akademi
 Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, Agra
 Federation of Hindi Organisations of India, New Delhi
 Department of Electronics, Govt. of India, New Delhi
 Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
 Different Universities of the Country

Creation of Memorial Trust
On 6 May 2003, Shri <mask> <mask> died. To remember Shri <mask> <mask> and to take forward his legacy, his entire family came together to create "Shri Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma Smarak Trust" and since then on each anniversary of his birth they have recognised people with their contribution in the field of Hindi literature, Telugu literature and theatre. Over the last decade around 40 achievers have been recognized for their contribution in these fields.References

 Author: Suryudi Yedo Gurram , Logili.com
 Book: Who's Who of Indian Writers, 1999, by Karthik Chandra Dutt Page: 49
 Author: Citsukhas Contribution to Advaita, 1974
 Kavi Samrat Viswanatha Satyanarayana abhinandana sanchika, 1971-72

1917 births
2003 deaths
20th-century Indian linguists
People from Prakasam district
Writers from Karnataka

masks:
Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma
Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma
Vemuri Venkateshwarlu
Vemuri Anjaneya Sarma
Anjaneya
Sarma
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Sarma
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title: Leonie Kramer

texts:
Dame <mask>,  (1 October 1924 – 20 April 2016) was an Australian academic, educator and professor. She is notable as the first female professor of English in Australia, first woman to chair the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and the first female chancellor of the University of Sydney. She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire and a Companion of the Order of Australia. <mask> was born <mask> to Alfred and Gertrude Gibson in Melbourne on 1 October 1924. She was educated at Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne, and entered the University of Melbourne in 1942, where she was a resident in the women's section of Trinity College, known as Janet Clarke Hall, and was awarded an A. M. White entrance scholarship. She took her Bachelor of Arts degree in 1945, and later attended Oxford University, where she graduated Doctor of Philosophy in 1953. During her postgraduate years at Oxford she tutored at St Hugh's College.Career
<mask> was appointed a lecturer in English in 1958, then senior lecturer and finally an associate professor in English at the University of New South Wales (UNSW). <mask> remained at UNSW until 1968, when she was appointed Professor of Australian Literature at the University of Sydney, the first female professor of English in Australia. She was Visiting Professor at Harvard University's Chair of Australian Literature Studies (1981–82). She was an Emeritus Professor of Australian Literature at the University of Sydney. A major focus of <mask>'s critical writing was the works of Henry Handel Richardson. She also edited the Oxford History of Australian Literature (1981) which did not receive good reviews. <mask> served on numerous public bodies during her long career.She was the first woman to be appointed to the Chair of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1982–83), having served as a member of the ABC Board since 1977. During her time at the ABC, <mask> came to be known as "Servalan" after the autocratic character in the BBC science fiction series Blake's 7. Her other appointments include the Secondary Schools Board (1976–82), the Council of the National Library (1975–81), NAATI (1977–81) and the Universities Council (1977–86). She served as a senior fellow of the Institute of Public Affairs (1988–96), a commissioner of the NSW Electricity Commission (1988–95) and chairman of the board of directors of the  National Institute of Dramatic Art (1987–92). She also served on the boards of large corporations including Western Mining Corporation and ANZ Banking Group. In 1986 she received the inaugural Britannica Award for the "dissemination of learning for the benefit of mankind". She also received honorary DLitt from the University of Tasmania and honorary LLDs from the University of Melbourne and the Australian National University.She was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1976. In 1982, she was made a Dame Commander of the order. In 1993 she was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia, at the time, the highest civilian award in the Australian honours system for "service to Australian literature, to education and to the community". <mask> was deputy chancellor of the University of Sydney from 1989–91 and chancellor from 1991–2001, becoming the first woman to hold the position. In 1995, she chaired the judging panel of the Miles Franklin Award where Helen Darville was conferred the award for her novel The Hand That Signed the Paper. It was later revealed that Darville alias Demidenko had faked her Ukrainian ancestry on which the book was based. The same year she met criticism for her statement that women "go a bit limp when going gets tough."She stated this in August 1995 when asked about higher positions held in her university by women. She justified her comment stating that she herself "can go limp at times" and attributed it to nothing other than their individual choices. At the request of the parliament and a hostile university senate, the Governor of New South Wales empowered the senate to dismiss the chancellor of Sydney University in 2001. <mask> retired moments before a controversial senate meeting was to take place to dismiss her. The senate had passed a no-confidence motion concerning to contract details of the then vice-chancellor Gavin Brown. Personal life and death
<mask> married <mask>, a South African pathologist, in England in 1952. The couple moved to Australia in 1953, as Harry refused to return to South Africa while apartheid prevailed there.They had two daughters, Hillary and Jocelyn. <mask> died in 1988. In 2011, following worsening health associated with advanced Alzheimer's disease, <mask>'s daughters admitted her to Lulworth House for full-time residential care. In 2012, at Lulworth House, she fractured her hip, and her mobility was greatly limited for the rest of her life. Her memoir, Broomstick: Personal Reflections of <mask> <mask>, was published in 2012 by Australian Scholarly Publishing. She died, aged 91, on 20 April 2016.

masks:
Leonie Judith Kramer
Education Kramer
Leonie Gibson
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Kramer
Harry Kramer
Harry Kramer
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Leonie
Kramer


title: Kanna Asakura

texts:
<mask> (); born October 12, 1997 in Chiba, Japan is a female Japanese mixed martial artist. She competes in the Atomweight (106 lb) division and is currently signed with the Rizin Fighting Federation. She is the #6 ranked Atomweight in the world according to Sherdog and #3 Atomweight according to Fight Matrix. Background
Due to her father's influence, she started wrestling from the age of 5 and belonged to "Tokyo Gold Kids" from the upper grades of elementary school. Asakura won first at the 2011 Klippan Ladies International Wrestling Tournament in the cadet division for 38kg and in the first year of high school, she achieved a brilliant record of 3rd place in the 46 kg class of the National High School Championships. She quit wrestling at 16, she re-entered high school, and while thinking about what to do with her future, saw footage of shoot boxing and shoot wrestling bouts. Seeing an avenue to make use of her wrestling and the Jiu Jitsu she was learning, she started mixed martial arts.Mixed martial arts career

<mask> made her professional mixed martial arts debut on October 4, 2014 at the age of 17 when she faced Naomi Okaki at Vale Tudo Japan 6 and won by unanimous decision. Following this, Asakura compiled a professional record of 9-2, with wins over Yasuko Tamada and Saori Ishioka, before signing with the Rizin Fighting Federation to join their Super Bantamweight World Grand Prix Tournament in December 2017. Asakura advanced to the finals, then competing in front of 18,316 fans in what was arguably the biggest women’s title fight in Japanese MMA history, choked out Shoot Boxing superstar Rena Kubota to become the inaugural Rizin FF Women’s Super Atomweight Champion. On May 6, 2018 <mask> <mask> faced Melissa Sophia Karagianis at Rizin 10. She won the fight via three round unanimous decision extending her win streak to 7. After the fight Rena Kubota entered the ring and challenged her to a rematch. Soon after the fight was made official, and scheduled to take place on July 29, 2018 at Rizin 11 in Saitama, Japan.Despite several improvements from Rena, <mask> used her relentless pressure to win the bout by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Ayaka Hamasaki on December 21, 2018 at Rizin 14 for the Rizin Super Atomweight Championship. She lost the bout in the second rout via armbar. On March 9, 2019, she faced against DEEP JEWELS Atomweight champion Tomo Maesawa in a non-title bout at Deep Jewels 23 and won the decision victory with a unanimous decision. On June 2, 2019, <mask> faced Miyuu Yamamoto at Rizin 16. She lost the bout via unanimous decision. On August 18, 2019, <mask> faced future Invicta FC Atomweight Champion Alesha Zappitella at RIZIN 18 and won a split unanimous decision.On December 29, 2019, <mask> faced Jamie Hinshaw at Bellator 237/Bellator Japan and won via a third round armbar. On August 9, 2020, she faced Mizuki Furuse at Rizin 22 and won via TKO by pounding. On December 31, 2020, Kanna faced Ai Shimizu at Rizin 26, winning the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Ayaka Hamasaki in her first title defense of the Rizin Super Atomweight Championship in a rematch against <mask> <mask> at Rizin 27 on March 21, 2021. She lost a close bout via split decision. Asakura faced the reigning Jewels atomweight and DEEP Microweight champion Saori Oshima at Rizin 31 - Yokohama on October 24, 2021. She lost the bout via split decision.Personal life

After her bout at Rizin 11, <mask> was seen hugging kickboxing superstar Tenshin Nasukawa, fuelling further speculation that they may be in a relationship. They later confirmed that they were dating. They broke up at the end of 2019 after photos of Tenshin being physical with Rizin ring girl, Hakase Mai, leaked online. She also has a Youtube channel with 100K subscribers and 15 million views.

masks:
Kanna Asakura
Asakura
Kanna
Asakura
Asakura
Asakura
Asakura
Kanna
Kanna
Asakura
Kanna
Asakura
Asakura


title: Richard Di Natale

texts:
<mask> (born 6 June 1970) is a former Australian politician who was a senator for Victoria. He was also the leader of the Australian Greens from 2015 to 2020. <mask> was elected to the Senate in the 2010 federal election. A former general practitioner, <mask> became federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Greens on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne. He was the leader of the Greens during the 2016 and 2019 federal elections. Early life
<mask> was born in Melbourne to Italian immigrants. His mother was born in San Marco in Lamis, Apulia, while his father was born in Syracuse, Sicily.<mask> attended Parade College, graduating in 1987, and Monash University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery degree in 1993. He later obtained Master of Public Health and Master of Health Science degrees from La Trobe University. Prior to entering parliament, <mask> was a general practitioner and public health specialist. He worked in Aboriginal health in the Northern Territory, on HIV prevention in India and in the drug and alcohol sector. Political career
<mask> was a Greens' Senate candidate from 2004. <mask> also ran for the position of Lord Mayor of Melbourne in 2004, coming second to the elected John So. In both 2002 and 2006, <mask> was narrowly defeated in the seat of Melbourne in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, almost unseating ALP health minister Bronwyn Pike.He received 48% of the two-party preferred vote in both elections. <mask> acted as health spokesperson for the Greens in Victoria and in 2002 spoke about the Greens' support for harm reduction policies to manage illicit drug use. In April 2007, <mask>e spoke out about the health implications of climate change, and later that year voiced concerns about terror laws in relation to the then suspect Dr. Muhamed Haneef. <mask> was nominated as the Australian Greens' lead senate candidate for Victoria for the 2010 federal election. Greens leader Senator Bob Brown labelled <mask> as the Greens' "next strongest hope" at this election. At the 2010 election, <mask> won a Senate seat representing Victoria. His term began on 1 July 2011.Upon taking up his seat in the Senate, <mask> became the Greens' federal spokesperson for health. His other portfolios include sport and multiculturalism. <mask> was elected unopposed as parliamentary leader of the Greens party room on 6 May 2015 following the resignation of Christine Milne from the position. The Greens achieved mixed results at the 2016 federal election. The Party targeted several House of Representatives seats, but did not win any additional seats despite achieving large swings. The party also lost a senator. <mask> argued that the Greens' election strategy had been successful, with voters now seeing them as a major party.Parliamentary career

At the 2010 federal election, the Australian Greens achieved a shared balance of power in the House of Representatives and the sole balance of power in the Senate. In the Senate, they were in a shared balance of power position after the 2007 federal election and the 2013 federal election. <mask>e secured almost $5 billion towards Medicare-funded dentistry, which he described as "laying the foundations for Denticare" – the Greens' policy of universally available Medicare-funded dentistry. <mask>e campaigned against the Future Fund's holdings in tobacco funds, a campaign that was ultimately successful with the Fund divesting the entirety of its tobacco holdings (approximately AUD $250 million) in 2012. <mask>e also helped establish Senate inquiries into a number of issues of public significance including budget cuts, medicinal cannabis, the emergence of "superbugs", hospital funding, air pollution, pharmaceutical transparency, sports science and gambling reform. <mask>e conducts ongoing campaigns for improved human rights in West Papua, timely access to cost-effective drugs through Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme, and science-based public health policies in areas such as wind farms and vaccination policy. <mask>e was the Chair of the Senate Select Committee into the Abbott Government 2014 federal budget budget cuts and Deputy Chair of the Senate Select Committee into health.He is the co-convener of the Parliamentary Friends for Drug Policy and Law Reform, the Parliamentary Friends of West Papua and the Parliamentary Friends of Medicine. On 3 February 2020, <mask> resigned as leader of the Greens and announced his intention to resign from the Senate, citing family responsibilities. Adam Bandt was elected unopposed to replace <mask> for the leadership role. Lidia Thorpe was selected by Greens members to fill the Senate vacancy caused by <mask>'s resignation. <mask> resigned from the Senate on 26 August 2020. Personal life
<mask>, his wife and two sons live on a hobby farm in the foothills of Victoria's Otway Ranges. Growing up in Melbourne, <mask> played Australian rules football for the Coburg and Oakleigh Football Clubs in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) and is a long time Richmond Tigers fan.See also

 Australian Greens
 2019 Australian federal election
 2016 Australian federal election

References

External links

 Home Page
 Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator <mask> Natale on TheyVoteForYou.org.au

1970 births
Living people
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian politicians of Italian descent
Australian general practitioners
La Trobe University alumni
LGBT rights activists from Australia
Medical doctors from Melbourne
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Victoria
Monash University alumni
Coburg Football Club players
Oakleigh Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Leaders of the Australian Greens
21st-century Australian politicians
Australian public health doctors

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Richard Luigi Di Natale
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title: Lisa Gunaydin

texts:
<mask> is an American neuroscientist and assistant professor at the Weill Institute for Neurosciences at the University of California San Francisco. Gunaydin helped discover optogenetics in the lab of Karl Deisseroth and now uses this technique in combination with neural and behavioral recordings to probe the neural circuits underlying emotional behaviors. Early life and education
Gunaydin completed her undergraduate education at Swarthmore College with a degree in biological sciences. Gunaydin then continued on an academic path by pursuing a Ph.D. at Stanford University. Under the mentorship of Dr. Karl Deisseroth, Gunaydin helped to discover optogenetic technology and apply it to Systems Neuroscience by dissecting neural circuits that drive a variety of complex behaviors in rodents. Optogenetics is a tool used in Systems Neuroscience to activate or inhibit specific neural circuits using transgenically expressed light-activated opsins, originally derived from bacterial opsins. Shining lasers of specific wavelengths causes the channels to open.In the case of Channelrhodopsins, cations ions flow into the neuron to depolarize it,  while in the case of Halorhodopsins, anions flow into the neuron to hyperpolarize it. This can effectively allow a scientist to activate or inhibit specific neurons or neural circuits in an organism expressing the transgenic protein. In 2008, <mask> was named the Bio-X Bowes Fellow at Stanford for her work developing new optogenetic technologies and applying them to probe dopaminergic circuitry implicated in social behaviors. In 2009, <mask> co-first authored a paper in Nature Neuroscience where she helped to test and optimize step-function opsins which allow longer lasting membrane depolarization than regular opsins providing extended effects on neural circuits. In 2010, <mask> published a first author paper in Nature Neuroscience highlighting her optimization of a new opsin based tool for ultrafast neural circuit control. In this work Gunaydin showed that this novel opsin does not produce unwanted spikes nor persistent depolarizations like what might occur when a cell over-expresses Channelrhodopsin. In 2015, <mask> and her colleagues in the Deisseroth Lab published a paper in the journal Cell, where they used fiber photometry to observe calcium dynamics in dopaminergic neural circuits involved in social behavior.She and her colleagues also found that the neural projection from the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) to the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) encodes and predicts social behaviors. Using optogenetics, Gunaydin probed the causal effects of stimulating the dopaminergic projection from the VTA to the NAc and found that modulation of this projection bi-directionally affected social behaviors. Gunaydin went on to present this work at the Cold Spring Harbour Symposia on Quantitative Biology. This was one of the first studies ever to manipulate social neural circuits in real time, using optogenetics, and observe changes in social behavior. After her PhD, Gunaydin pursued her postdoctoral work with Dr. Anatol Kreitzer at the University of California San Francisco’s Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease. Under Kreitzer's mentorship, Gunaydin brought her experience and expertise with optogenetics to explore fronto-striatal circuitry and its implications in anxiety-like behavior. Career and research
Gunaydin started her lab at the University of California, San Francisco in 2016 and has since held an assistant professorship in Psychiatry as well as an appointment at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases.In addition, <mask> is a member of the UCSF Neuroscience Graduate Program, the Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, and in 2017 was named a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator. Gunaydin's lab aims to investigate the neural circuits underlying motivated behaviors and further understand how they aberrantly function in disease states. Gunaydin's lab is currently focusing on three main projects to address this aim. The first project involves probing the role of cortico-striatal circuitry in modulating anxiety-like behavior as well as elucidating the potential of this circuit as a target of chronic therapeutic stimulation. In line with this project, the Gunaydin Lab published their first paper in 2020 highlighting their discovery of a subpopulation of striatal projecting prefrontal neurons that regulate approach-avoidance conflict in rodents. The other two projects her lab is working on explore the roles of cortical neural subpopulations in obsessive-compulsive disorder behaviors as well as the mechanisms of circuit defects in genetic mouse models for obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism. Awards and honors

 2017 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator Program Investigator
 2016 UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences Innovation Award
 2008 Bio-X Bowes Fellow Stanford

Select publications

 Loewke AC, Minerva AR, Nelson AB, Kreitzer AC, Gunaydin LA (2020).Fronto-striatal projections regulate approach-avoidance conflict. bioRxiv. <mask> LA, Kreitzer AC (2016). Cortico-basal ganglia circuit function in psychiatric disease. Annual Review of Physiology 78: 327–350. Adhikari A, Lerner TN, Finkelstein J, Pak S, Jennings JH, Davidson TJ, Ferenczi E, <mask> LA, Mirzabekov JJ, Ye L, Kim SY, Lei A, Deisseroth K (2015). Basomedial amygdala mediates top-down control of anxiety and fear.Nature 527: 179–185. <mask> LA, Deisseroth K (2015). Dopaminergic Dynamics Contributing to Social Behavior. In Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 221–227. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Fenno LE, <mask> LA, Deisseroth K (2015). Mapping Anatomy to Behavior in Thy1:18 ChR2-YFP Transgenic Mice Using Optogenetics.In Molecular Neuroscience: A Laboratory Manual 594–606. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. <mask> LA, Grosenick L, Finkelstein JC, Kauvar I, Fenno LE, Adhikari A, Lammel S, Mirzabekov J, Airan RD, Zalocusky KA, Tye KM, Anikeeva P, Malenka R, Deisseroth K (2014). Natural neural projection dynamics underlying social behavior. Cell 157(7): 1535–51. Tye KM, Mirzabekov JJ, Warden MR, Ferenczi EA, Tsai HC, Finkelstein J, Kim SY, Adhikari A, Thompson KR, Andalman AS, <mask> LA, Witten IB, Deisseroth K (2012). Dopamine neurons modulate neural encoding and expression of depression-related behavior.Nature 493(7433):537-41. Mattis J, Tye KM, Ferenczi EA, Ramakrishnan C, O’Shea DJ, Prakash R, <mask> LA, Hyun M, Fenno LE, Gradinaru V, Yizhar O, Deisseroth K (2011). Principles for applying optogenetic tools derived from direct comparative analysis of microbial opsins. Nature Methods 9(2):159-72. Anikeeva P, Andalman AS, Witten IB, Warden MR, Goshen I, Grosenick L, <mask> LA, Frank L, Deisseroth K. (2011). Optetrode: a multichannel readout for optogenetic control in freely moving mice. Nature Neuroscience 15(1):163-70.<mask> LA*, Yizhar O*, Berndt A*, Sohal VS, Deisseroth K, Hegemann P (2010). Ultrafast optogenetic control. Nature Neuroscience 13(3):387-92. Berndt A*, Yizhar O*, <mask> LA*, Hegemann P, and Deisseroth K. Bi-stable neural state switches (2009). Nature Neuroscience 12(2):229-34. *co-first authors
 Westberg L, Sawa E, Wang AY, <mask> LA, Ribeiro AC, Pfaff DW (2009). Colocalization of connexin 36 and corticotropin-releasing hormone in the mouse brain.BMC Neuroscience 10:41. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American neuroscientists
American women neuroscientists
21st-century American scientists
21st-century American women scientists
Swarthmore College alumni
Stanford University alumni

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title: Michael Nugent

texts:
<mask> (born 1 June 1961) is an Irish writer and activist. He has written, co-written or contributed to seven books and the comedy musical play I, Keano. He has campaigned on many political issues, often with his late wife Anne Holliday, and he is chairperson of the advocacy group Atheist Ireland. Early life
Nugent was completing a project on the Gospels in primary school when he started to question the "comic book" nature of the Bible. He attended St. Aidan's C.B.S. secondary school in Whitehall in Dublin. He graduated in visual communications in 1983 at the College of Marketing and Design, now part of the Dublin Institute of Technology.In 1983, he was elected president of the college students' union and students' representative on the Dublin City Council Vocational Education Committee. In 1984, he was defeated when he ran for the post of education officer in the Union of Students in Ireland, in opposition to Joe Duffy, then USI president, who is now a broadcaster with RTÉ. He then took a course in product development, and set up as a freelance designer. Marriage
In 2009 Nugent married his longtime partner Anne Holliday, after she was diagnosed with cancer. She died on 9 April 2011, aged 57. Holliday and Nugent were founder members in 1988 of New Consensus, the group which called for the revision of the Republic's territorial claim on the North and devolved government for the people of Northern Ireland based on "mutual respect, civil liberty and freely given allegiance", and they helped to organise the Peace Train campaign to end disruption of the north–south rail link by the IRA. Holliday was also a Simon Community volunteer, a founder member of the Limerick chapter of the Irish Georgian Society, campaigned to save Wood Quay, and was active in residents rights issues.She worked as a secretary at the law firm Matheson Ormsby Prentice, a Dáil secretary for TDs <mask> and Roger Garland, personal assistant to National Museum Director Pat Wallace, in media relations and special projects at the Department of Arts, Sports and Tourism, and in the Tánaiste's office at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment. Holliday donated her body to medical research and, in 2014, her body was buried in the Dublin medical Schools plot in Glasnevin cemetery in Dublin. After a request from Nugent, the Dublin Medical Schools agreed to change the religious wording on the headstone over the plot to a secular wording, so that it would be inclusive of people of all religious beliefs and none. In 2015 Nugent wrote a tribute to his wife in the Irish Times in which he also wrote about coping with bereavement as an atheist. Writing
Nugent has written, co-written or contributed to seven books and the comedy musical play I, Keano. Works
 I, Keano, updated revival of comedy musical play with Arthur Mathews and Paul Woodfull, 2015
 Contributor to Who Owns Marriage?, 2015 Irish Evangelical Alliance, edited by Nick Park
 Contributor to Towards Mutual Ground - Pluralism, Religious Education and Diversity in Irish Schools, 2013
 MichaelNugent.com, a blog about atheism, reason, skepticism and happiness, started in 2008
 I, Keano, comedy musical play with Arthur Mathews and Paul Woodfull, 2005
 Absurdly Yours – The <mask> Letters, 2004
 That's Ireland – A Miscellany, with Damien Corless, 2003
 Ireland on the Internet – The Definitive Guide, 1995
 Dear Me – The Diary of John Mackay, 1994
 Dear John – The John Mackay Letters, with Sam Smyth, 1993  (hardback )

Theatre
Nugent, with Arthur Mathews and Paul Woodfull, co-wrote I, Keano, a comedy musical play about footballer Roy Keane leaving the Republic of Ireland national football team before the 2002 FIFA World Cup. It was presented as a mock-epic melodrama about an ancient Roman legion preparing for war.In its first two years, over half a million people watched it, generating €10m ($13m) in ticket sales. It was updated and revived in 2015 after Roy Keane became assistant coach of the Ireland football team. Books
Dear John was a number one best-seller in Ireland, co-written by Nugent and Sam Smyth. By writing prank letters, Nugent and Smyth convinced then Taoiseach Albert Reynolds to help the fictitious 'John' seek a grant from the Industrial Development Authority to produce dog bowls modelled on dinner plates; prompted Charles Haughey to meet 'John' to help fund a 'Bring Back Charlie' campaign, and provoked Pope John Paul II to pray for 'John's' children because his kids put condoms on the family chess-set bishops. The Irish Times included Ireland on the Internet among its top ten computer books of 1995. That's Ireland – A Miscellany, co-written with Damien Corless, was a hardback best-seller that included such trivia as that three in every ten TDs since 1922 have been called some variation of Paddy, Mick, Sean or Seamus, and that when the Pope held his youth Mass in Galway in 1979, each diocese was asked to send a baker in white overalls and a lame person with a stick or crutches. In Absurdly Yours, Nugent pitched a new series of prank letters, ranging from planes without seats (for Ryanair CEO <mask>'Leary) to scaffolding on Mount Everest (the Nepalese Government responded it would be "inappropriate").The FAI offered to help with his invention of a left-footed football, but the GAA replied that they could detect a wind-up from 1,000 yards. In Towards Mutual Ground - Pluralism, Religious Education and Diversity in Irish Schools, Nugent and Jane Donnelly contributed a chapter titled 'Only secular schools respect every person's human rights equally.' In Who Owns Marriage? - A Conversation about Religion, Government, Marriage and a Civil Society, edited by Nick Park of the Irish Evangelical Alliance, Nugent critiqued evangelical arguments about same sex marriage from a secular perspective. Early activism
In 1986, Nugent joined the newly founded Progressive Democrats, working with <mask> TD, a friend since his VEC days. He soon left the PDs, saying that he was disillusioned with the clientilist system and that he believed in the need to tackle the Northern Ireland problem on a cross-party basis. In the late 1980s, Nugent was spokesperson for a campaign against the conviction of two Tallaght youths for robbery and assault.In 1990, Taoiseach Charles Haughey assured the youths' families and Nugent that new evidence would be considered. In 1993, the government announced a new law to enable this to happen and, in 2001, the case was declared a miscarriage of justice. New Consensus
In 1988, Nugent co-founded the New Consensus peace group with his partner Anne Holliday and <mask>. He also chaired the group. Its launch meeting in April 1989 announced its aims as challenging ambivalence about murder in Northern Ireland, and promoting a democratic, pluralist and non-sectarian society with integrated education, a bill of rights and revision of Articles 2 and 3 of the Irish Constitution. In 1992, after an IRA bomb killed eight Protestant workmen in Teebane Cross, Nugent and six other men protested by chaining themselves across the entrance of the Sinn Féin office in Dublin. New Consensus also organised peace rallies and pickets of Sinn Féin and UDA offices, and collections of flowers after paramilitary killings.Sinn Féin regularly said that New Consensus did not protest against violence by the security forces in Northern Ireland. Nugent responded falsely that they protested when agents of the British or Irish States acted outside the law. When New Consensus picketed the Belfast offices of the loyalist UDA, some said that it was only in response to criticism of imbalance. Also some single-issue peace groups, such as Peace 93 and the Peace Train Organisation, distanced themselves from the political aims of New Consensus. In 1970 Sinn Féin had split into Provisional and Official Sinn Féin, with Official Sinn Féin later becoming the Workers' Party and then Democratic Left before merging with the Labour Party, which mirrored a split within the IRA, which split into the Official IRA and the Provisional IRA. The Official IRA officially decommissioned in 2010. Although the group declined in support from 1972, it remained linked to Official Sinn Féin and was frequently accused of committing robberies and fraud to fund the party.Some political commentators such as Vincent Browne and Paddy Prendeville said that the Workers' Party and Democratic Left had an attitude to Northern Ireland that was close to Ulster unionism. New Consensus was regularly derided by Sinn Féin and a number of commentators who stated that the group was a front for the Workers' Party. During pickets members of Sinn Féin would challenge picketers about the Official IRA and killings and acts associated with the group. Both New Consensus and the parties denied this. Libel case
In 1996, <mask>, Anne Holliday and <mask> won a libel action against the Irish author and historian Tim Pat Coogan and Harper Collins Publishers over a claim that "New Consensus" was an offshoot of Official Sinn Féin. The author and publishers apologised in court, stating they had made a mistake. Veritas
In 1992, Nugent highlighted that Veritas, a bookshop owned by the Catholic Bishops, was breaking the law by selling an anti-abortion book, Closed by Joseph Scheidler, which contained abortion clinic contact details for potential protestors.Under Irish law at the time no contact details of any abortion service could be published. Joycean home
In 1996, he and his partner Anne Holliday organised an email campaign to protest against the proposed demolition of James Joyce's childhood home in Drumcondra. The campaign received messages of support from Joyce scholars in Britain, Australia, Canada and the US, which were passed on to Dublin Corporation. Council election candidate
In 1999, he was a local election candidate for Dublin City Council, running for Fine Gael in the Ballymun-Whitehall local electoral area, but he failed to be elected. European Investment Bank
In 2000, Nugent helped to stop the Irish government appointing a disgraced former judge, Hugh O'Flaherty, to the European Investment Bank. The Bank accepted Nugent's argument that they had a statutory duty to consider other candidates, and he forwarded the CV of Irish Senator and business editor Shane Ross. After public pressure, O'Flaherty withdrew his candidacy.Football related activism
Nugent supports Bohemians and Leeds United football clubs. In 2002, he helped to prevent the Football Association of Ireland from selling broadcast rights for international matches to Sky television, but failed in an attempt to create a representative body for Irish football fans. In 2008, he was removed as a director of Bohemian Football Club after he questioned the viability of the club's growing expenditure. Atheist Ireland
Nugent is the inaugural chairperson of Atheist Ireland, an advocacy group for an ethical and secular society free from superstition and supernaturalism. Its first AGM in 2009 outlined specific aims, including the removal of references to God from the Irish constitution, the introduction of a secular education system, and a campaign to encourage people to read the Bible. He represented Atheist Ireland at the first formal meeting between an Irish Prime Minister and members of an atheist advocacy group in the history of the State, where they argued how the Constitution, education system and laws and practices systemically discriminate against atheists. Atheism and religion
Nugent was the opening speaker at the 2011 World Atheist Convention in Dublin, Ireland, which adopted the Dublin Declaration on Secularism and launched Atheist Alliance International, a newly restructured umbrella group for atheists worldwide.He told the convention that atheists were considered arrogant "because we do not believe that the entire universe was created for our benefit," and because they did not believe "that the most powerful being ever created a universe of over 100 billion galaxies, each with over 100 billion stars like our sun, which existed for 14 billion years, and then picked one of the 100 billion galaxies and picked one of the 100 billion stars in that galaxy, and picked one planet revolving around that star and of the million species on that planet he picked one animal member of all those species and said: 'I've really got to tell that guy to stop gathering sticks on the Sabbath'." He described a radio debate with irate Catholics protesting against an art exhibition as being "like discussing the rules of quidditch with people who believe Harry Potter was a documentary." He predicted that moderate religious belief will become a minority position in many countries. He said that religion is being squeezed by science, which undermines its claims about reality, and secularism, which erodes its positions on morality. He also wrote a series of five articles for the Irish Times about atheism and its relationship to reality, morality, faith and Jesus. Nugent published a manifesto on "ethical atheism" that sought to promote reason, critical thinking and science, natural compassion and ethics, inclusive, caring atheist groups and fair and just societies, and challenged the myths that atheism is a religion or belief system based on faith and certainty, and that we need religion for meaning and morality. In a BBC radio debate, he defended Richard Dawkins against charges by New Humanist editor Daniel Trilling that some criticism of Islam was a cover for racist views.He told an RTÉ debate about miracles that you have a better chance of dying than being cured at Lourdes. He described Pope Francis as a pope of the global south with good PR in the global north, saying that as two in every three

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Michael Nugent
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Michael Fitzpatrick
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Michael Fitzpatrick


title: Michael Nugent

texts:
 Catholics live in the global south, Pope Francis has to appeal to Catholics with very different values. He debated on RTÉ Radio with a Catholic Priest who said that he would not report child rape to the police if he heard about it in Confession. He told TV3's People's Debate on homophobia that the Catholic Church is overtly homophobic, and is becoming more so as its population shifts to the global South. He debated the Christian theologian William Lane Craig in University College Cork about the existence of God. Secular constitution
Nugent opposed the law against blasphemous libel introduced by Justice Minister Dermot Ahern. He described it as "silly and dangerous", and argued that ideas should always be open to criticism and ridicule.As part of the campaign, he was involved in the formation of the parody Church of Dermotology, which satirises organised religion and the concept of blasphemy, and in the launch of a website opposing the bill, called Blasphemy.ie. When the Irish blasphemy law came into force in 2010, Atheist Ireland published a list of 25 blasphemous quotes on its website to challenge it. The Justice Minister proposed that a referendum should be held to remove the offence of blasphemy from the Irish Constitution. Nugent told RTÉ that the Irish blasphemy law had caused Irish media to self-censor their output, saying that he had been told before several live interviews not to say anything blasphemous. When Irish police investigated comedian Stephen Fry for alleged blasphemy in 2017, Nugent welcomed the move because it highlighted a law that he said was "silly, silencing, and dangerous". When the police dropped the investigation because they could not find a large number of people who were outraged by Fry's comments, Nugent said that this created a dangerous incentive for people to demonstrate outrage when they see or hear something that they believe is blasphemous. In 2018 Nugent welcomed a new Government decision to hold a referendum to remove the offence of blasphemy from the constitution.He said that even in the absence of prosecutions the law was causing real damage to freedom of expression in Ireland, and to the country's reputation abroad. He said that it's never a good look when Pakistan, where people are killed for blasphemy, is speaking approvingly of your laws. Nugent told the Oireachtas health committee on abortion law to stop the unethical pattern of lawmaking by reacting to personal tragedies, and to base abortion law on human rights and compassion and not on religious doctrines. He supported a referendum in 2018 to remove the constitutional ban on abortion, saying it would enable pregnant women to make their own ethical decisions, based on their own conscience, but he added that he makes no claim that all atheists share this view. He asked  the Standards in Public Office Commission to examine the funding of the Catholic bishops' referendum campaign in support of retaining the Amendment. He asked the Irish Tánaiste (deputy prime minister) Eamon Gilmore, who is agnostic, to refuse to swear the religious oath that he had to swear as a member of the Council of State, but Gilmore said that he had taken legal advice and that he had a constitutional obligation to swear the oath. Secular education
Nugent campaigns for secular education in Ireland, including in an alliance between Atheist Ireland, the Evangelical Alliance of Ireland, and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community of Ireland.He argues for secular schools that would not ignore religion, but would teach children about religions and beliefs in an objective, critical and pluralist manner, while respecting everybody's human rights. He launched the Schools Equality PACT in 2015, which outlined Atheist Ireland's plans for a fair education system. PACT is an acronym for four areas of legal change – Patronage, Access, Curriculum and Teaching. He argued that the Louise O'Keeffe judgment at the European Court of Human Rights could begin the end of State-supported religious discrimination in Irish schools. The European Court had told the Irish State it was responsible for protecting the human rights of children while in school, regardless of whether it runs the schools directly. Nugent said that Government plans in 2016 to encourage the Catholic Church to transfer patronage of primary schools would make the situation worse for most families, as the Catholic Church wanted a stronger Catholic ethos in the schools they would retain. He said that reducing teaching time for religion classes was not the most important issue because schools implement the religious ethos throughout the entire school day.Hibernia College, an online teacher-training institution in Dublin, removed slides from its religion module for primary teachers in 2012 at the request of Atheist Ireland. The course notes had said that atheist humanism produced the worst horrors history has ever witnessed. The following year Nugent announced a new project in which Atheist Ireland and Educate Together were preparing lessons about atheism that would be taught in Ireland's primary schools for the first time. He said this was necessary because the Irish education system has for too long been totally biased in favour of religious indoctrination. Nugent noted that Atheist Ireland was not pushing for atheist schools, but rather pluralistic, objective alternatives to religious ones. A Dublin school canceled an invitation to Nugent to address its final-year students on the basis that it would clash with its Catholic ethos. Church-state separation
Nugent also campaigns on other issues of church-state separation in Ireland.He said the Good Friday drink ban is silly, and that people should be able to drink in the same way on any Friday as they can on any Thursday or Saturday. When the law was repealed in 2018, he invited people to 'an evening of legalised normality' at Atheist Ireland's first ever Good Friday Atheists in the Pub session. Nugent criticised the question "What is your religion?" in the 2011 Irish census. He said the census should instead ask "Do you have a religion?" and "If so, what is it?" He asked nonreligious Irish people to tick the No Religion box.He warned that joke responses to the religion question in the census, being categorised as "not stated", potentially contribute to an underreporting of the number of non-religious people. He called for the removal of the daily Angelus from RTÉ, saying that it amounted to a free advert for the Catholic Church, and he debated the issue on RTÉ radio with Roger Childs, RTÉ's editor of religious programmes. When RTÉ unveiled a new-look 6pm TV Angelus, he argued that it is not the role of a public service broadcaster to take a Catholic call to prayer and turn it into something else. He told Radio Kerry that the placement of a cross in Kerry Council chamber represents the promotion of the supremacy of one religion over other religions and none. When Atheist Ireland declined an invitation to take part in the Government's commemorations of the 1916 Rising, Donald Clarke of the Irish Times said that Nugent and his team could hardly have seemed more out of touch if they'd sought to ban Christmas. International secularism
Nugent was given the award of International Atheist of the Year 2017 by the Kazimierz Lyszczynski Foundation in Warsaw, Poland, along with Fauzia Ilyas, founder of the Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan. He said that he accepted the award on behalf of all of the work done by everybody in Atheist Ireland.He argued for secularism and ethical atheism and against blasphemy laws at the Freedom From Religion Convention in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA. He spoke at the 2010 Gods and Politics international atheist conference in Copenhagen, Denmark. Nugent spoke at the 2012 European Atheist Convention in Cologne, Germany, against blasphemy and apostasy laws. He said they were silly in western states and dangerous in Islamic states. He said on RTÉ that the Irish blasphemy law was influencing blasphemy debates at the United Nations and in Islamic countries. Speaking again in Germany in 2015, on the day of the Irish marriage equality referendum victory, he described the result as the start of the fall of Ireland's religious Berlin Wall. He and Jane Donnelly of Atheist Ireland briefed the United Nations Human Rights Committee in Geneva, Switzerland, before the UN questioned Ireland's human rights record under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.The following year, they briefed the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Geneva, Switzerland, before the UN questioned Ireland's human rights record, and told the Committee that Ireland repeatedly ignores the rights of atheists and non-Christian children in the education system. In 2016 they twice briefed the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, as the UN prepared to question Ireland's human rights record under the Covenant the Rights of the Child, and the Universal Periodic Review process. Nugent has spoken at several OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meetings in Warsaw, Poland, opposing discrimination against atheists and agnostics. He said that it was absurd to insist that we respect all religions and all prophets, and said that "we can respect your right to believe, while not respecting the content of your beliefs." He addressed a meeting in Brussels at which the Presidents of the European Commission, European Parliament and European Council discussed the fight against poverty and social exclusion with representatives of philosophical non-confessional organisations. In 2017 Nugent was part of a joint delegation from Atheist Ireland, the Evangelical Alliance of Ireland, and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community of Ireland, to the United Nations Humans Rights Committee when the UN was questioning Pakistan about its human rights record. The three groups raised issues related to freedom of religion and belief, the Pakistan blasphemy law, and related violence including mob lynchings of Ahmadis, forced conversions of Christians, and disappearances of secular bloggers.Right to die
In 2011 Nugent's wife Anne Holliday died of cancer, after making plans to take her own life if she felt that she needed to. In 2012, Nugent, Tom Curran and Máirín de Burca founded Right To Die Ireland, a campaign group to legalise assisted suicide in Ireland. Tom Curran is the co-ordinator of Exit International Ireland, and Máirín De Burca is a former secretary of Official Sinn Féin. In 2013, when the Supreme Court ruled that Tom Curran's partner Marie Fleming did not have a constitutional right to assisted suicide, Nugent said on RTÉ that the law would have to catch up with the reality that terminally ill people will take their own ethical decisions based on their own personal conscience. In 2014, he told Today FM that the right to die is not merely about the act of dying, but also about the increased quality of life that comes from knowing that you have the option to end your suffering if you need to, and he told Newstalk radio that Right to Die Ireland was working with legal people and politicians to prepare a Bill on assisted dying for Dáil Éireann. In 2015, he welcomed California's vote to legalise assisted suicide, and he told BBC Radio Ulster that changes in the law in the UK and Ireland were inevitable as society became more compassionate. In 2016, he told RTÉ that people who wanted palliative care should have the right to palliative care, that people who want to die in a way of their choosing should have that right, and that terminally ill people and their loved ones should absolutely break the law to avoid unnecessary suffering.Media and talks
Nugent has been profiled or interviewed in the Irish Times, the Sunday Business Post, the Sunday Independent and the BBC Mundo Spanish language website. He has been interviewed on various broadcast media including the BBC World Service, NPR's All Things Considered, and RTÉ's Prime Time, Ryan Tubridy, Today with Pat Kenny, Spirit Moves, and Seoige and O'Shea. Nugent speaks and debates in Ireland and internationally. He has spoken in Ireland at Trinity College Dublin, University College Dublin, Dublin Institute of Technology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland Galway and Maynooth, the Royal College of Surgeons, and the Oireachtas Health Committee. He has addressed several United Nations human rights reviews in Geneva, Switzerland, and OSCE Human Dimension Implementation Meetings in Warsaw, Poland. He has also spoken at the South Place Ethical Society in London, England in 2010; the Gods and Politics Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2010; the World Atheist Convention in Dublin, Ireland in 2011; the Muslim Debate Initiative in London, England in 2012; the European Atheist Conferences in Cologne, Germany in 2012 and 2015; the Oxford Union in England in 2013; the Freedom From Religion Foundation Convention in Raleigh, North Carolina, USA in 2014; the Rationalist International Conferences in Tallinn, Estonia in 2016, and Helsinki, Finland in 2017; the International Conference on Freedom of Conscience in London in 2017; the International Association of Freethought Congress in Paris in 2017, and the Days of Atheism in Warsaw, Poland in 2017 and 2018. References

External links
 <mask> Website
 <mask> on Twitter
 <mask> at IrishPlayography.Com

1961 births
Critics of religions
Irish humorists
Irish comedy writers
Irish dramatists and playwrights
Irish male dramatists and playwrights
Irish male non-fiction writers
Irish bloggers
Irish atheists
Living people
Alumni of Dublin Institute of Technology
Writers from Dublin (city)
20th-century atheists
21st-century atheists
Sentientists
Male

masks:
Michael Nugent
Michael Nugent
Michael Nugent


title: Laurence Sterne

texts:
<mask> (24 November 1713 – 18 March 1768), an Anglo-Irish novelist and Anglican cleric, wrote the novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, published sermons and memoirs, and indulged in local politics. He grew up in a military family travelling mainly in Ireland but briefly in England. An uncle paid for Sterne to attend Hipperholme Grammar School in the West Riding of Yorkshire, as Sterne's father was ordered to Jamaica, where he died of malaria some years later. He attended Jesus College, Cambridge on a sizarship, gaining bachelor's and master's degrees. While Vicar of Sutton-on-the-Forest, Yorkshire, he married Elizabeth Lumley in 1741. His ecclesiastical satire A Political Romance infuriated the church and was burnt. With his new talent for writing, he published early volumes of his best-known novel, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman.Sterne travelled to France to find relief from persistent tuberculosis, documenting his travels in A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy, published weeks before his death. His posthumous Journal to Eliza addresses Eliza Draper, for whom he had romantic feelings. Sterne died in 1768 and was buried in the yard of St George's, Hanover Square. His body was said to have been stolen after burial and sold to anatomists at Cambridge University, but recognised and reinterred. His ostensible skull was found in the churchyard and transferred to Coxwold in 1969 by the Laurence Sterne Trust. Biography

Early life and education

<mask> was born in Clonmel, County Tipperary on 24 November 1713. His father, <mask>, was an ensign in a British regiment recently returned from Dunkirk.His great-grandfather <mask> had been the Master of Jesus College, Cambridge as well as the Archbishop of York. <mask> was the youngest son of <mask>'s youngest son and consequently, Roger Sterne inherited little of <mask>'s wealth. Roger Sterne left his family and enlisted in the army at the age of 25; he enlisted uncommissioned, which was unusual for someone from a family of high social position. Despite being promoted to an officer, he was of the lowest commission and lacked financial resources. Roger Sterne married Agnes Hobert, the widow of a military captain. Agnes was "born in Flanders but... was in fact Anglo-Irish and lived for much of her life in Ireland." The first decade of <mask>e's life was spent from place to place, as his father was regularly reassigned to a new (usually Irish) garrison."Other than a three-year stint in a Dublin townhouse, the Sternes never lived anywhere for more than a year between <mask>'s birth and his departure for boarding school in England a few months shy of his eleventh birthday. Besides Clonmel and Dublin, the Sternes also lived in Wicklow Town; Annamoe, Co. Wicklow; Drogheda, Co. Louth; Castlepollard, Co. Westmeath; Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim; and Derry City." In 1724, "shortly before the family's arrival in Derry," Roger took Sterne to his wealthy brother, Richard, so that <mask> could attend Hipperholme Grammar School near Halifax. <mask> never saw his father again as Roger was ordered to Jamaica where he died of malaria in 1731. <mask> was admitted to a sizarship at Jesus College, in July 1733 at the age of 20. He graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in January 1737 and returned in the summer of 1740 to be awarded his Master of Arts degree. Early career
Sterne was ordained as a deacon on 6 March 1737 and as a priest on 20 August 1738.His religion is said to have been the "centrist Anglicanism of his time", known as "latitudinarianism". A few days after his ordination as a priest, Sterne was awarded the vicarage living of Sutton-on-the-Forest in Yorkshire. Sterne married Elizabeth Lumley on 30 March 1741, despite both being ill with consumption. In 1743, he was presented to the neighbouring living of Stillington by Rev. Richard Levett, Prebendary of Stillington, who was patron of the living. Subsequently, Sterne did duty both there and at Sutton. He was also a prebendary of York Minster.Sterne's life at this time was closely tied with his uncle, Jaques <mask>, the Archdeacon of Cleveland and Precentor of York Minster. Sterne's uncle was an ardent Whig, and urged Sterne to begin a career of political journalism which resulted in some scandal for Sterne and, eventually, a terminal falling-out between the two men. This falling out occurred after Sterne ended his political career in 1742. He had previously written anonymous propaganda for the York Gazetteer from 1741 to 1742. <mask> lived in Sutton for twenty years, during which time he kept up an intimacy which had begun at Cambridge with John Hall-Stevenson, a witty and accomplished bon vivant, owner of Skelton Hall in the Cleveland district of Yorkshire. Writing

Sterne wrote a religious satire work called A Political Romance in 1759. Many copies of his work were destroyed.According to a 1760 anonymous letter, Sterne "hardly knew that he could write at all, much less with humour so as to make his reader laugh". At the age of 46, Sterne dedicated himself to writing for the rest of his life. It was while living in the countryside, having failed in his attempts to supplement his income as a farmer and struggling with tuberculosis, that Sterne began work on his best-known novel, The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, the first volumes of which were published in 1759. Sterne was at work on his celebrated comic novel during the year that his mother died, his wife was seriously ill, and his daughter was also taken ill with a fever. He wrote as fast as he possibly could, composing the first 18 chapters between January and March 1759. Due to his poor financial position, Sterne was forced to borrow money for the printing of his novel, suggesting that Sterne was confident in the prospective commercial success of his work and that the local critical reception of the novel was favourable enough to justify the loan. The publication of Tristram Shandy made <mask> Shandy, his love of attention (especially as related to financial success) remained undiminished. In one letter, he wrote "One half of the town abuse my book as bitterly, as the other half cry it up to the skies — the best is, they abuse it and buy it, and at such a rate, that we are going on with a second edition, as fast as possible." Indeed, Baron Fauconberg rewarded Sterne by appointing him as the perpetual curate of Coxwold, North Yorkshire in March 1760. In 1766, at the height of the debate about slavery, the composer and former slave Ignatius Sancho wrote to Sterne encouraging him to use his pen to lobby for the abolition of the slave trade. In July 1766 Sterne received Sancho's letter shortly after he had finished writing a conversation between his fictional characters Corporal Trim and his brother Tom in Tristram Shandy, wherein Tom described the oppression of a black servant in a sausage shop in Lisbon which he had visited.<mask>'s widely publicised response to Sancho's letter became an integral part of 18th-century abolitionist literature. Foreign travel

Sterne continued to struggle with his illness, and departed England for France in 1762 in an effort to find a climate that would alleviate his suffering. Sterne was lucky to attach himself to a diplomatic party bound for Turin, as England and France were still adversaries in the Seven Years' War. Sterne was gratified by his reception in France, where reports of the genius of Tristram Shandy had made him a celebrity. Aspects of this trip to France were incorporated into <mask>'s second novel, A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy. Eliza
Early in 1767, Sterne met Eliza Draper, the wife of an official of the East India Company, then staying on her own in London. He was quickly captivated by Eliza's charm, vivacity, and intelligence, and she did little to discourage the attentions of such a celebrated man.They met frequently, exchanged miniature portraits, and <mask>'s admiration seems to have turned into an obsession which he took no trouble to conceal. To his great distress, Eliza had to return to India three months after their first meeting, and he died from consumption a year later without seeing her again. Early in 1768, Sterne brought out his Sentimental Journey, which contains some extravagant references to her, and the relationship, though platonic, aroused considerable interest. He also wrote his Journal to Eliza part of which he sent to her, and the rest of which came to light when it was presented to the British Museum in 1894. After <mask>'s death, Eliza allowed ten of his letters to be published under the title Letters from Yorick to Eliza and succeeded in suppressing her letters to him, though some blatant forgeries were produced, probably by William Combe, in a volume of Eliza's Letters to Yorick. Death
Less than a month after Sentimental Journey was published, early in 1768, <mask> died in his lodgings at 41 Old Bond Street on 18 March, at the age of 54. He was buried in the churchyard of St George's, Hanover Square on 22 March.It was widely rumoured that Sterne's body was stolen shortly after it was interred and sold to anatomists at Cambridge University. Circumstantially, it was said that his body was recognised by Charles Collignon, who knew him and discreetly reinterred back in St George's, in an unknown plot. A year later a group of Freemasons erected a memorial stone with a rhyming epitaph near to his original burial place. A second stone was erected in 1893, correcting some factual errors on the memorial stone. When the churchyard of St. George's was redeveloped in 1969, amongst 11,500 skulls disinterred, several were identified with drastic cuts from anatomising or a post-mortem examination. One was identified to be of a size that matched a bust of Sterne made by Nollekens. The skull was held up to be his, albeit with "a certain area of doubt".Along with nearby skeletal bones, these remains were transferred to Coxwold churchyard in 1969 by the Laurence Sterne Trust. The story of the reinterment of Sterne's skull in Coxwold is alluded to in Malcolm Bradbury's novel To the Hermitage. Works

The works of <mask> are few in comparison to other eighteenth-century authors of comparable stature. Sterne's early works were letters; he had two sermons published (in 1747 and 1750), and tried his hand at satire. He was involved in, and wrote about, local politics in 1742. His major publication prior to Tristram Shandy was the satire A Political Romance (1759), aimed at conflicts of interest within York Minster. A posthumously published piece on the art of preaching, A Fragment in the Manner of Rabelais, appears to have been written in 1759.Rabelais was by far <mask>'s favourite author, and in his correspondence he made clear that he considered himself as Rabelais' successor in humour writing, distancing himself from Jonathan Swift. <mask>'s novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman sold widely in England and throughout Europe. Translations of the work began to appear in all the major European languages almost upon its publication, and Sterne influenced European writers as diverse as Denis Diderot and the German Romanticists. His work had also noticeable influence over Brazilian author Machado de Assis, who made use of the digressive technique in the novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas. English writer and literary critic Samuel Johnson's verdict in 1776 was that "Nothing odd will do long. Tristram Shandy did not last." This is strikingly different from the views of European critics of the day, who praised <mask> and Tristram Shandy as innovative and superior.Voltaire called it "clearly superior to Rabelais", and later Goethe praised Sterne as "the most beautiful spirit that ever lived". Swedish translator Johan Rundahl described Sterne as an arch-sentimentalist. The title page to volume one includes a short Greek epigraph, which in English reads: "Not things, but opinions about things, trouble men." Before the novel properly begins, Sterne also offers a dedication to Lord William Pitt. He urges Pitt to retreat with the book from the cares of statecraft. The novel itself starts with the narration, by Tristram, of his own conception. It proceeds mostly by what Sterne calls "progressive digressions" so that we do not reach Tristram's birth before the third volume.The novel is rich in characters and humour, and the influences of Rabelais and Miguel de Cervantes are present throughout. The novel ends after 9 volumes, published over a decade, but without anything that might be considered a traditional conclusion. Sterne inserts sermons, essays and legal documents into the pages of his novel; and he explores the limits of typography and print design by including marbled pages and an entirely black page within the narrative. Many of the innovations that Sterne introduced, adaptations in form that were an exploration of what constitutes the novel, were highly influential to Modernist writers like James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, and more contemporary writers such as Thomas Pynchon and David Foster Wallace. Italo Calvino referred to Tristram Shandy as the "undoubted progenitor of all avant-garde novels of our century". The Russian Formalist writer Viktor Shklovsky regarded Tristram Shandy as the archetypal, quintessential novel, "the most typical novel of world literature." However, the leading critical opinions of Tristram Shandy tend to be markedly polarised in their evaluations of its significance.Since the 1950s, following the lead of D. W. Jefferson, there are those who argue that, whatever its legacy of influence may be, Tristram Shandy in its original context actually represents a resurgence of a much older, Renaissance tradition of "Learned Wit" – owing a debt to such influences as the Scriblerian approach. A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy has many stylistic parallels with Tristram Shandy, and indeed, the narrator is one of the minor characters from the earlier novel. Although the story is more straightforward, A Sentimental Journey is interpreted by critics as part of the same artistic project to which Tristram Shandy belongs. Two volumes of <mask>'s Sermons were published during his lifetime; more copies of his Sermons were sold in his lifetime than copies of Tristram Shandy. The sermons, however, are conventional in substance. Several volumes of letters were published after his death, as was Journal to Eliza. These collections of letters, more sentimental than humorous, tell of Sterne's relationship with Eliza Draper.Publications
1743 – "The Unknown World: Verses Occasioned by Hearing a Pass-Bell" (disputed, possibly written by Hubert Stogdon)
1747 – "The Case of Elijah and the Widow of Zerephath"
1750 – "The Abuses of Conscience"
1759 – A Political Romance
1759 – Tristram Shandy vol. 1 and 2
1760 – The Sermons of Mr Yorick vol. 1 and 2
1761 – Tristram Shandy vol. 3–6
1765 – Tristram Shandy vol. 7 and 8
1766 – The Sermons of Mr Yorick vol. 3 and 4
1767 – Tristram Shandy vol. 9
1768 – A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy

(The Sermons of Mr. Yorick volumes 5-7, were published in 1769.)Source

See also
List of abolitionist forerunners
List of Irish writers

Citations

References

Further reading
René Bosch, Labyrinth of Digressions: Tristram Shandy as Perceived and Influenced by <mask>'s Early Imitators (Amsterdam, 2007)
W. M. Thackeray, in English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century (London, 1853; new edition, New York, 1911)
Percy Fitzgerald, Life of <mask> (London, 1864; second edition, London, 1896)
Paul Stapfer, <mask>, sa personne et ses ouvrages (second edition, Paris, 1882)
H. D. Traill, <mask>, "English Men of Letters", (London, 1882)

Texte, Rousseau et le cosmopolitisme littôraire au XVIIIème siècle (Paris, 1895)
H. W. Thayer, <mask> in Germany (New York, 1905)
P. E. More, Shelburne Essays (third series, New York, 1905)
L. S. Benjamin, Life and Letters (two volumes, 1912)
 Rousseau, George S. (2004). Nervous Acts: Essays on Literature, Culture and Sensibility. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. External links

Tristram Shandy (beta) In Our Time – BBC Radio 4
<mask> at the Google Books Search

"Tristram Shandy". Annotated, with bibliography, criticism. Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: The Scrapbook Mind of <mask>e
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy & A Sentimental Journey. Munich: Edited by Günter Jürgensmeier, 2005
The Shandean: A Journal Devoted to the Works of <mask> Sterne (tables of contents available online)
<mask> Sterne at the National Portrait Gallery, London
The <mask> Sterne Trust

Anonymous parodies of the kinds of letters written by Elizabeth Draper to <mask> Sterne (as Yorick), MSS SC 4, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

1713 births
1768 deaths
18th-century deaths from tuberculosis
18th-century English Anglican priests
18th-century English novelists
18th-century Irish novelists
18th-century Irish writers
Alumni of Jesus College, Cambridge
Anglican writers
Burials at St George's, Hanover Square
English male novelists
English memoirists
English satirists
English sermon writers
Tuberculosis deaths in England
18th-century Irish Anglican priests
Irish male writers
People from Clonmel
People from County Tipperary
English male non-fiction writers
18th-century English male writers
Harold B. Lee Library-related rare books articles

masks:
Laurence Sterne
Sterne
Roger Sterne
Richard Sterne
Roger Sterne
Richard Sterne
Richard Sterne
Laurence Stern
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Sterne
Laurence
Sternem
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Sterne
Laurence Stern
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence


title: David Self

texts:
<mask> (born January 8, 1970) is an American screenwriter best known as the author of the screenplays for the films The Haunting, Road to Perdition, and The Wolfman. Early life
<mask> was born in Texas City, Texas on January 8, 1970. He was raised in Danvers, Massachusetts, where he graduated from St. John's Preparatory School. He received his bachelor's degree and master's degree in English literature from Stanford University. He moved to Los Angeles, California, after graduation; he had no contacts and got an entry-level job at Walt Disney Pictures in 1994. Career

Early efforts
His first script was a spec script titled Dawn's Early Light, a thriller about a terrorist attack on the White House. It was not produced, but it circulated widely in Hollywood.His first commissioned script was Firestorm, a dramatic film script based on the documentary film Fires of Kuwait. The script was purchased by Avatar Entertainment, a subsidiary of the Walt Disney Company, but the script went into development hell and was never produced. His second script, a 1996 or 1997 adaptation of Joseph R. Garber's 1995 novel of corporate espionage and assassination, Vertical Run, was commissioned by Warner Brothers, but it, too, went into development hell and was never produced. His third script was Thirteen Days, based on the memoirs of John F. Kennedy advisor Kenneth O'Donnell. The semi-fictional script (which showed O'Donnell counseling Kennedy during the Cuban Missile Crisis) was commissioned by producer Armyan Bernstein, who had read Dawn's Early Light. Bernstein initially approached <mask> with the idea of a love story set against the background of the Cuban Missile Crisis, but <mask> convinced him to jettison the love story and write a straightforward history picture with O'Donnell as the "everyman" stand-in. <mask> began writing the script in the spring of 1997.<mask> worked closely with director Lawrence Kasdan on the script (Kasdan hoped to direct it). It was the first script of <mask>'s to go into production, although it would be the second of his films released. <mask>'s fourth effort was Gates of Fire, a retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae from the point of a view of a young Spartan warrior who survives the battle. The script was based on Steven Pressfield's novel of the same name. Pressfield was the first writer chosen to adapt the novel, but <mask> was brought in to make major changes and finish it. It sold in 1998. Another script, Coup D'Etat (about a military overthrow of the government of the United States), also sold in 1998, but both films went into development hell and never emerged.Feature film success
Prior to 1998 all the films <mask> worked on were for independent production companies. His first screenplay for a major studio was The Haunting, which he wrote for Steven Spielberg. After finishing Thirteen Days, <mask> showed the script to Spielberg. According to <mask>, Spielberg considered directing the picture for a time. Spielberg then asked <mask> to script his remake of the 1963 film, The Haunting. Spielberg worked directly with <mask> to work out the film. Made into a feature film in 1999, the script was heavily revised by screenwriter and novelist Michael Tolkin (including a new ending), although <mask> received sole writing credit.When The Haunting went into production, Spielberg offered <mask> a one-year contract. It included office space at the DreamWorks studio and a blind script commitment. The success of The Haunting led to another major project, Road to Perdition. <mask> was hired in July 2009 to adapt the DC Comics graphic novel by writer Max Allan Collins and illustrator Richard Piers Rayner. The film, directed by Sam Mendes, won plaudits for its acting, direction, and cinematography and was a box office hit. <mask>'s script received positive attention, and Universal Studios hired him to do a rewrite of Tony Gilroy's screenplay for The Bourne Identity. He was uncredited for the script polish.<mask> then pitched The Wing, a World War I fighter-pilot picture, to Universal. While the spec script was purchased by the studio, it was never produced. In 2005, <mask> pitched an untitled science fiction series to the Fox Network. Fox picked up the option to produce, and Breck Eisner directed a television movie (Beyond) in 2006. The backdoor pilot never was picked up as a series, however. In 2006, <mask> was attached to two separate screenplays for films based on the superheroes Deathlok and Captain America. He also wrote an early draft based on another superhero, Namor.In 2007, <mask> did a major rewrite of Andrew Kevin Walker's script for the werewolf movie, The Wolfman. <mask> added extensive characterization, built up the relationship between father and son, and added more than 17 pages of dialogue and action at the behest of director Joe Johnston. Johnston ordered <mask> to make a second rewrite just four weeks before shooting was to begin. <mask> also helped contribute additional rewrites during five weeks of reshooting in the spring of 2009. <mask>'s second script had a long sequence in which the werewolf terrorizes London, and his climax for the film was originally much longer. In 2008, Johnston cut the London sequence from the film and asked <mask> to dramatically shorten the ending. But in the editing room, it was clear that these sequences needed to be retained.<mask> also helped with new material for the ending. <mask>'s second rewrite ended with werewolf Lawrence Talbot surviving. But during reshoots, <mask> scripted an ending in which both werewolves (Sir John Talbot and Lawrence Talbot) die. Reshoots beefed up the ending in which both characters died, and this version made it into the film. While <mask> was working on The Wolfman, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) hired him to script a RoboCop remake in July 2008. However, after much delay (primarily due to MGM's financial difficulties and November 2010 bankruptcy), RoboCop went into turnaround. But <mask> was replaced as screenwriter by Nick Schenk, Joshua Zetumer, and James Vanderbilt.In 2011, Paramount Pictures hired <mask> to script a feature film based on author John Scalzi's Old Man's War series of novels. The novels follow the adventures of an elderly man who receives a genetically enhanced body that allows him to avenge the death of his wife by joining the military. <mask> also worked in 2012 on a film adaptation of the video game series God of War. <mask> wrote a first draft of a script, but the screenwriting duties were then given to Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan. <mask> will executive produce the picture, his first production credit. Credits
The Haunting (1999)
Thirteen Days (2000)
Road to Perdition (2002)
The Bourne Identity (2002) (uncredited)
 Beyond (2006 TV Movie)
The Wolfman (2010)

References

External links

Living people
21st-century American screenwriters
American male screenwriters
American television writers
Screenwriters from Texas
1970 births

masks:
David Christopher Self
David Self
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