title: Yuri Kosin

texts:
<mask>  (born 26 September 1948, in Kompaniivka) is a Ukrainian photographer, lecturer, curator of exhibitions, and traveler. <mask> is a member of the National Society of Photo Artists of Ukraine, tutor and curator at the Independent Academy of the Photographic Arts of Ukraine, organizer and curator of the "Eksar" photo gallery, Ukraine. He is also a member of the "Kulturforum" association and the artistic studio "Kulturwerkstatt Trier", Germany. He is a permanent member of the TV Ukrainian program "Svoimi ochima" (eyewitness) dedicated to travel and tourism. <mask> was named one of the experts in photography criticism in Ukraine in expert poll conducted in 2011

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kosin_F1.JPG

Biography
<mask> was born on September 26, 1948 in Kompaniivka, at the time in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union (today in the Kirovohrad Oblast of central Ukraine). In 1974 he graduated from the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. For some time he worked as an engineer, but later he became fond of art and photography.In 1988 he graduated from Kiev Institute of Journalism. In 1977 he was co-curator of
avant-garde association «Rukh»(«Movement»)and  underground exhibition, in which were artists: Mikola Trehub, Vudon Baklitsky,  Alexander Kostetsky, Olena Golub, Nicholas Zalevsky and others. Later <mask> organized a lot of exhibitions, mostly photography, as his personally as for groups. Now <mask> lives in Irpin (Kyiv region, Ukraine). His daughter <mask>a is talented photographer too. She lives and works in Poland. Achievements in photography

Since 1987 <mask> has participated in over 40 joint exhibitions in Ukraine, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, Belarus, Slovakia, the United States, Poland, the United Kingdom, Israel, Lithuania and France.Many of his works are included in private collections in Switzerland, the United States, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Israel, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany. There are also some of <mask>'s pictures placed in The Photography Fund in Moscow, the Latvian Museum of Photography in Riga, Lancaster University, the National Historical Museum of Ukraine. For over 20 years <mask> has been engaged in organizing photo exhibitions of Ukrainian artists. In the 1980s, <mask> <mask> (Ukraina) fotografijų paroda „Reiškinio „tikrovė“
 Jurij <mask> "Tak jest od zawsze"
 "Amber Breeze" Workshop (Latvia)
 Reality of "Phenomenon"
 Black and white Niagara
 Vertical of the time
 Transgression of personality
 Maximalist
 Photo album: Ukraine eyes Ukraine
 <mask> "Yes, always"
 Photo exhibition "Reality of "Phenomenon””
 «ORANGE MOMENT OF LIFE» IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
 <mask>, photographer, Kiev (Irpen)
 Ivan Zhdanov, Of Hermeticism and burning problem of freedom
 Ploughman of the heaven and mirrors
 Personality in the Expert Journal
 Lovely Dnieper in calm weather
 <mask> on Art Welle
 Chernobyl album
 Travel to Kamchatka

1948 births
Living people
Artists from Kyiv
Ukrainian photographers
Irpin

masks:
Yuri Kosin
Kosin
Kosin
Kosin
Kosin
Yuri Kosin
Vera Kosin
Yuri Kosin
Kosin
Yuri Kosin
Yuri Kosinjaus
Kosino
Kosin
Yuri Cosin
Yuri Cosin
Yuri Cosin


title: Pippa Funnell

type: original

texts:
Philippa Rachel "<mask><mask> MBE (née Nolan, 7 October 1968) is an equestrian sportswoman who competes in eventing. In 2003, she became the first person to win the Rolex Grand Slam of Eventing (consecutive wins at Rolex Kentucky, Badminton and Burghley). She also won Badminton in 2002 and 2005. At the European Championships, she has won two Individual golds (1999–2001) and three team golds (1999–2003). She is a three-time Olympic medallist, winning team silver in 2000 and 2004, and an individual bronze in 2004. She also competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics. Early life
<mask> was born in Crowborough, East Sussex on 7 October 1968 to Jenny and George Nolan.She grew up in Mark Cross and went to the Mark Cross CE primary school. She attended the independent boarding school Wadhurst College on Mayfield Lane in Wadhurst. Aged 16, she persuaded her parents to allow her to leave school, after which she based herself with Ruth McMullin. Career
Funnell lives in Ockley, Surrey with her husband, show jumper <mask>. The couple married in Uckfield in December 1993. Her horses have included Supreme Rock, Primmore's Pride, Sir Barnaby, Bits and Pieces, Walk on Star, and Ensign. <mask> was European Young Rider Champion in 1987 after successfully competing on Sir Barnaby at Bialy Bor, Poland.Despite a successful career as a junior and young rider, she at first struggled to establish herself as a senior international and by her own admission suffered from nerves that were threatening to ruin her career. She began receiving help from sports psychologist Nicky Heath. In 1999, <mask> became European Champion at Luhmühlen riding Supreme Rock and again on the same horse in 2001 at Pau ("Les Etoiles de Pau" – France). She was a member of the British teams that won silver at the Sydney Olympics in 2000, bronze at the World Equestrian Games in 2002 both with Supreme Rock, and silver again at the Athens Olympics of 2004, this time with Primmore`s Pride. In addition, <mask> won the individual bronze medal at Athens. (She competed at the Athens Olympics as 'Philippa' rather than 'Pippa' as 'Pipa' in Greek is slang for a sexual act.) In 2003, <mask> became the first rider ever to complete the Rolex Grand Slam of Eventing, by adding the Burghley title to her victories earlier in the year at Kentucky and Badminton, to earn a $250,000 bonus from Rolex.The Kentucky and Burghley victories were on Primmore's Pride, while the Badminton victory was on Supreme Rock. As of 2017, she remains one of only two riders to have won the Grand Slam. As a result of her achievements, she was voted Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year 2003 and was in the top five of the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Awards. She then went to Punchestown in Ireland to defend the individual European title that she had won in 1999 and 2001, winning a bronze medal with the inexperienced Walk On Star and helping the British team to win their fifth successive team title. She also finished the year as the number one ranked rider in the world. In total <mask> has won the Badminton Horse Trials three times: 2002, 2003 and 2005. She has won both the Blenheim venue and Windsor Horse Trials four times as well, the only rider yet to do so.With <mask> as rider, Primmore's Pride became the 1st horse to win all three major four star titles - Kentucky & Burghley in 2003 and Badminton in 2005 - thus becoming the 1st horse to win its own Grand Slam. After winning Badminton in 2005, <mask> did not win an international event for five years. Several of her top horses, such as Supreme Rock, Primmore’s Pride, Viceroy, Walk on Star, Cornerman and Jurassic Rising reached the end of their careers and were retired. With Ensign, she finished ninth at the 2005 Europeans. The combination were placed on the shortlist for the 2008 Olympics following a 2nd place at Pau CCI**** in late 2007. A fall at Badminton in 2008 put paid to them being picked. In 2010, <mask> won her first international event for five years in the CCI3* at Bramham International horse trials on her upcoming horse Redesigned.They went on to finish 5th as an individual at the 2010 World Equestrian Games. In 2011, she won Barbary CIC3* on Billy Llandretti. In 2013, she won Tattersalls CCI3* with another upcoming horse, Billy Beware, who finished 6th at his first 4* event at Badminton Horse Trials 2014. This pairing were picked for the 2014 World Equestrian Games but injury unfortunately ruled them out. In May 2015, she won her third Chatsworth CIC 3* title aboard Sandman7. On 13 September 2015, <mask> won her 1st European team medal in 12 years helping GB win Team Silver at Blair Castle aboard Sandman 7. Since 2010, her horses have included Redesigned, Billy Beware, Billy the Biz, Billy Llandretti, Mirage D`Elle, Billy Cuckoo and Sandman7.At the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics, riding Billy the Biz, Funnell was part of the British team that finished fifth. Her individual placement was 26th. Funnell won the 2019 Burghley Horse Trials, riding MGH Grafton Street, having led from day one. CCI 5* Results

International Championship results

Honours

<mask> was made an MBE in the Queen's 2005 Birthday Honours for services to equestrian sport. Media activities and writing
Funnell has appeared on DVDs produced by Equestrian Vision, including Pippa Funnell, Road to the Top and The Funnell Factor, and in 2005 wrote her story in Pippa Funnell: The Autobiography. Ubisoft has released a series of horse-themed videogames starring <mask>. These include <mask> Funnell for the Nintendo DS and Game Boy Advance, Pippa Funnell: Stable Adventure for the Game Boy Advance, and the PC games Pippa Funnell: The Stud Farm Inheritance, Pippa Funnell: Take the Reins (also for PlayStation 2), Pippa Funnell 3: The Golden Stirrups Challenge (more commonly known as Horsez), and Pippa Funnell 4: Secrets of the Ranch.<mask> <mask>: Ranch Rescue was released in 2007 on the PlayStation 2 and Nintendo Wii. <mask> is also the author of a series of children's books called Tilly's Pony Tails, published by Orion Children’s Books in the United Kingdom. The first two books in the series, Magic Spirit and Red Admiral were first published in May 2009. The series has now been extended to eighteen titles in all. The first four titles have also been recorded as unabridged audiobooks, read by sports presenter Clare Balding. The central character, Tilly Redbrow, is an adopted child, who is passionate about everything to do with horses and ponies. Each title in the series tells a new story about Tilly’s adventures with horses and ponies.As well as the fictional story, each title also contains a tips section with expert advice from Funnell on all aspects of horses and ponies.

masks:
Pippa
" Funnell
Pippa Funnell
William Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Funnell
Pippa
Pippa
Funnell
Funnell


title: Li Shenfu

texts:
<mask> () (died 904) was a general who served under the major warlord Yang Xingmi the military governor (Jiedushi) of Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was from Ming Prefecture (洺州, in modern Handan, Hebei). He became a soldier in the army of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), which Ming Prefecture belonged to, and was later posted to Huainan Circuit when Gao Pian the military governor of Huainan served as the overall commander of the operations against the agrarian rebel Huang Chao. He was later assigned to Lu Prefecture (廬州, in modern Hefei, Anhui) to serve under Gao's subordinate Yang Xingmin (who would later be renamed Yang Xingmi) the prefect of Lu. Service under Yang Xingmi

Initial service
In 884, there was an occasion when the agrarian rebel Chen Ru () attacked Shu Prefecture (舒州, in modern Anqing, Anhui); Shu's prefect Gao Yu (高澞, Gao Pian's nephew) sought aid from Yang Xingmi. Yang consulted with <mask>, who stated that he could repel Chen without fighting. Yang thus sent <mask> to aid Gao Yu.<mask> took many banners bearing the insignia of the Lu army and secretly got into Shu's main city. He then gave the banners to the Shu soldiers, and the Shu soldiers thereafter advanced out of the city bearing the Lu banners. The rebels under Chen, believing that a large detachment had arrived from Lu, fled. In 886, Zhang Ao () the prefect of Shou Prefecture (壽州, in modern Lu'an, Anhui) sent his officer Wei Qian () to attack Lu. Yang sent <mask>, Tian Jun, and Zhang Xun () to resist, and they repelled Wei's attack. During the campaign against Sun Ru
In 887, a mutiny by the Huainan officer Bi Shiduo against Gao Pian and Gao's favorite sorcerer Lü Yongzhi triggered an internecine war that had Bi, Lü, Yang Xingmi, and Qin Yan contending for the control of Huainan, which eventually was taken by Sun Ru. Yang, in turn, advanced south and took Ningguo Circuit (寧國, headquartered in modern Xuancheng, Anhui) and became its military governor.In 891, Sun took his army and advanced south, intending to destroy Yang. In an initial confrontation, <mask>fu surprised Sun's advance troops and defeated them. Later in the year, Yang also sent <mask> to attack He (和州, in modern Chaohu, Anhui) and Chu (滁洲, in modern Chuzhou, Anhui) Prefectures, defeating the Sun-commissioned prefects Kang Wang () and An Jingsi (); Kang surrendered, and An fled. By spring 892, however, with Sun's much larger army approaching Ningguo's capital Xuan Prefecture (), Yang considered abandoning Xuan Prefecture and fleeing, but did not do so after <mask> and <mask> () advised against it. Yang thereafter was able to bog Sun's attack down, and defeated and killed Sun in a decisive battle in fall 892. Campaigns against Cai Chou
After Sun Ru's defeat, Cai Chou (), whom Yang Xingmi had previously made the prefect of Lu but who then surrendered to Sun when Sun attacked, tried to submit to Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan). Zhu, however, considered Cai unreliable and refused to launch an army to aid Cai, and instead informed what Cai was doing to Yang.Yang thereafter sent <mask> to attack Cai. Later, Tian Jun and Yang himself also joined <mask>'s siege of Lu Prefecture. In fall 893, the city fell, and Yang executed Cai. Subsequently, Cai's ally Ni Zhang () the prefect of Shu Prefecture fled. Yang thus made <mask> the prefect of Shu. Campaigns against Qian <mask>
In fall 901, Yang received a (false) report that Qian <mask> the military governor of Zhenhai (鎮海, headquartered in modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang) and Zhendong (鎮東, headquartered in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang) Circuits had been assassinated. He thus sent <mask> to try to take Zhenhai's capital Hang Prefecture () in (what he thought to be) the confusion of Qian's death.Qian sent the general Gu Quanwu () to resist him. They stalemated for some time. <mask> then allowed captives from Gu's army to overhear a conversation in which he stated that he was going to retreat that night due to the length of the stalemate, and then allowed the captives to flee. He then began what appeared to be a withdraw, but had his subordinate Lü Shizao () lay a trap for Gu. Gu, who did not respect <mask>, gave chase, and fell into the trap that <mask> and Lü had set. <mask> soundly defeated Gu's army and captured him. <mask> then attacked Lin'an (臨安, in modern Hangzhou, Qian's hometown), but could not capture it quickly.By this point, he had found out that Qian had not died, and so wanted to withdraw, but he feared that Qian would give chase. He therefore carefully protected the tombs of Qian's ancestors and allowed Gu, whom Qian valued greatly, to write letters to report that he was safe. Qian sent an emissary to thank <mask>. When <mask> pretended to have received a large reinforcement from Huainan, Qian sued for peace and sent gifts. <mask>, after receiving Qian's gifts, withdrew. In 902, Yang made <mask> the prefect of Sheng Prefecture (昇州, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu). Campaigns against Du Hong
In spring 903, Yang Xingmi made <mask>fu the commander (行軍司馬, Xingjun Sima) of the Huainan army and put him in command of an army to attack Du Hong the military governor of Wuchang Circuit (武昌, headquartered in modern Wuhan, Hubei), with <mask> () serving as his deputy.He quickly captured Yongxing (永興, in modern Huanggang, Hubei), cutting off the food supplies for Wuchang. He then put Wuchang's capital E Prefecture () under siege. Du sought aid from Zhu Quanzhong, but at that time, Zhu was only able to send a small detachment commanded by Han Qing (), who could not lift the siege. Zhu thereafter made requests to Cheng Rui the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei), Ma Yin the military governor of Wu'an Circuit (武安, headquartered in modern Changsha, Hunan), and Lei Yanwei the military governor of Wuzhen Circuit (武貞, headquartered in modern Changde, Hunan), asking them to save Du. Only Cheng launched a fleet to try to save Du, though. Further, as soon as Cheng left his capital Jiangling, Ma's officer Xu Dexun and Lei's officer Ouyang Si () rendezvoused and jointly attacked Jiangling, sacking it and taking its population and treasures before withdrawing. When the news arrived at Cheng's fleet, Cheng's soldiers' morale was destroyed.<mask> subsequently crushed him, and he committed suicide by drowning. When Han heard of Cheng's death, he also withdrew, leaving Du with no aid. Campaigns against Tian Jun
However, another event would (for the time being) save Du. Tian Jun, who was the military governor of Ningguo at the time under Yang, had long wanted to expand his territory but was repeatedly curbed in that ambition by Yang, and therefore began to resent Yang. <mask>, seeing this, had warned Yang about Tian and urged Yang to react preemptively, but Yang refused, pointing out that Tian had great contributions and that acting against him first would destroy the army morale. In fall 903, Tian and An Renyi () the military prefect of Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) rose against Yang. In light of Tian's rebellion, Yang ordered <mask> to withdraw from Wuchang and attack Ningguo.Fearing that Du would attack him from the rear, <mask> announced to his soldiers that he was heading west to seize Jingnan, and only after he was out of E Prefecture's vicinity did he inform the soldiers of Tian's rebellion and their actual mission. Meanwhile, Tian had launched a surprise attack on Sheng Prefecture and taken <mask>'s wife and children. He initially treated them well, and he sent an emissary to <mask>, stating, "If you, Lord, take this opportunity properly, I will divide the lands with you so that we can both be princes. If not, your wife and children will not survive." <mask> stated to his army,

<mask> executed Tian's emissary and continued to advance toward Ningguo, encountering Tian's officers Wang Tan () and Wang Jian () at Jiyang Banks (吉陽磯, in modern Chizhou, Anhui). When Wang Tan and Wang Jian displayed <mask>'s son <mask>ding () on the battlefield, <mask> ordered his soldiers to fire arrows anyway. He thereafter engaged Wang Tan and Wang Jian and pretended to suffer initial losses.He then pretended to retreat, inducing Wang Tan and Wang Jian to chase him, and then counterattacked, inflicting heavy losses on them. When Tian heard this, he personally led a fleet against Li. <mask> initially set up camps and refused to engage Tian, while sending suggestions to Yang that he use this opportunity to send another general to directly attack Xuan Prefecture. Yang thereafter sent Tai Meng () and Wang Maozhang to do so. Tian, hearing that Tai was heading directly toward Xuan Prefecture, withdrew to engage Tai, while leaving Wang Tan, Wang Jian, and Guo Xingcong () at Wuhu (蕪湖, in modern Wuhu, Anhui) to defend against <mask>. When Tai subsequently defeated him at Guangde (廣德, in modern Xuancheng) and forced him to flee back to Xuan Prefecture to defend it, Wang Tan, Wang Jian, and Guo surrendered to <mask>. Subsequently, when Tian made one final attempt to counterattack against Tai, Tai defeated him again and killed him on the battlefield.His soldiers surrendered, allowing the Huainan army to retake Ningguo. Yang commissioned <mask> as the new military governor of Ningguo, but <mask>, pointing out that he had not yet defeated Du, refused to accept the position, and instead headed west again to attack Du. Death
In summer 904, while sieging E Prefecture, <mask> fell ill and returned to Huainan's capital Guangling (). Yang sent <mask>un to replace him as the commander of the operations against Du. <mask> died soon thereafter. (<mask> would capture E Prefecture in spring 905, allowing Wuchang to come under Yang's control.) Notes and references

 Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (), vol.5. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 255, 256, 258, 259, 262, 263, 264, 265. 9th-century births
904 deaths
Politicians from Handan
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Ningguo Circuit
Tang dynasty generals from Hebei
Tang dynasty politicians from Hebei

masks:
Li Shenfu
Li Shenfu
Li Shenfu
Li
Li
Li
Li Shen
Li
Li
Liu Wei
Li Shenfu
Li
Li
Liu
Liu
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Shen
Liu You
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Cheng
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Liu C
Li
Liu


title: Abel Maldonado

texts:
<mask><mask>. (born August 21, 1967) is an American politician who served as the 48th lieutenant governor of California from April 27, 2010 to January 10, 2011. As of 2021, he is the last Republican to serve as  lieutenant governor of California. Elected to the Santa Maria City Council in 1994, <mask> then served as mayor of Santa Maria from 1996 to 1998, when he was elected to the California State Assembly. He served in that body from 1998 to 2004 and then in the California State Senate from 2004 to 2010, running unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for California State Controller in 2006. <mask> was the first Republican in the State Senate to vote for the budget during the budget deadlock in 2007. He represented a swing district in the Senate and is considered a moderate. On November 23, 2009, then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced <mask> as his nominee for lieutenant governor to fill the vacancy created by Democrat John Garamendi's election to the United States House of Representatives.<mask> was sworn into office on April 27, 2010 and was defeated in the 2010 lieutenant gubernatorial election by Democrat Gavin Newsom. <mask> ran for California's 24th congressional district in the 2012 elections, but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Lois Capps. In May 2013, he announced that he was running for governor in the 2014 election, but dropped out in January 2014 after unsuccessful fundraising efforts and campaign missteps. In 2017, <mask> was considered for the role of United States Secretary of Agriculture by Donald Trump, but was ultimately not nominated. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Santa Maria, California, the eldest son of immigrant Mexican farm workers. His family eventually acquired a small family farm, where they grew strawberries. After <mask> graduated from Santa Maria High School, his family used their earnings from the farm to send him to California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, where he studied crop science, but dropped out before completing his degree.<mask> then returned to his family's farm and helped his family grow the half-acre strawberry farm into a 6,000-acre (24 km²) farm, employing 250 people, with produce shipped around the world. Early political career

Santa Maria city politics
After months of attempting to obtain a building permit from the city of Santa Maria to construct a cooling facility on the farm, <mask> grew disillusioned with the city bureaucracy and decided to run for the Santa Maria City Council in 1994 at the age of 26. In 1996, at the age of 28, Councilman <mask> successfully ran for mayor, defeating the incumbent Mayor Robert Gordon Bunch and retiree George Hobbs 40%-39%-21%, a margin of 70 votes. California Assembly

Elections
In 1998, at the age of 31, <mask> was elected to the California State Assembly with 60% of the vote in the 33rd District, representing San Luis Obispo County and western Santa Barbara County. <mask> was re-elected in 2000 with 65% of the vote and in 2002 with 63% of the vote. Tenure
During his Assembly tenure, <mask> was named "Hero of the Taxpayer" by the Americans for tax reform. He led issues such as seat belts in school buses and California Workers Compensation Reform.Committee assignments
He was on the Business and Professions committee. California Senate

Elections
In 2004, <mask> was elected to the California State Senate by a margin of 53% to 43% over his Democratic opponent, San Luis Obispo County Supervisor Peg Pinard, in a district evenly divided between Democrats and Republicans. The 15th District included San Luis Obispo County, most of Monterey County, eastern Santa Cruz County, portions of northwestern Santa Barbara County, and portions of southwestern Santa Clara County. Tenure
In March 2005, a San Luis Obispo weekly newspaper revealed that Maldonado had received $30,987 in gifts from an organization representing California's power industry. Those gifts included multiple trips to Australia, Africa and Europe. The story suggested that the gifts might have motivated Maldonado to object to a seismic safety bill that could potentially have threatened Diablo Canyon Power Plant's license to operate. According to the story, Maldonado snapped at the reporter, "“I have never, ever, ever connected monetary resources with a bill or a special company in my area.For somebody to even suggest that is disappointing." <mask> signed a "No New Taxes" pledge before his election which he later claimed to regret as he cast a vote for higher taxes. In February 2009, <mask> was initially among the Republican senators rejecting a series of bills designed to close the $41 billion state budget deficit, but he later joined the Democrats in supporting the measures. A committee indicated that it might pursue a recall campaign against <mask> because of his vote on the budget. The same threat was made against other Republicans in the "Sacramento Six", but none of the recall campaigns came to anything. (Most of the recall energy was directed against Anthony Adams.) In response to his critics, including Steve Poizner, <mask> said, "Since the budget was passed, you have gone around the state criticizing it and the role six Republicans played in its passage.Your recent statements condemning Propositions 1A-1F are very frustrating. During the budget debate, which lasted over 100 days, I heard from thousands of Californians who took the time to give me their input on the state budget. But I never heard from you." Committee assignments
In December 2006, he was named Chairman of the Senate Agriculture Committee. Budget and Fiscal Review
Education
Health
Veterans Affairs
Food and Agriculture (Vice Chair)
Human Services (Vice Chair)

2006 state controller election

In 2005, <mask> declared his candidacy for the office of California State Controller after Controller Steve Westly decided to run for governor. <mask> was defeated in the June 6, 2006 Republican primary by Tony Strickland. Following his loss, <mask> publicly criticized Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger for not supporting his campaign more forcefully, suggesting that Schwarzenegger doesn't care about Hispanics, when he told the Los Angeles Times that "[w]hen [Schwarzenegger] needs Latinos, Latinos are always there for him.When Latinos need him, the answer's been no." <mask> issued a public apology for the comment. He also maintained that he would not run for any further political office after his state Senate service; he was re-elected to the Senate in 2008 with 63% of the vote. Lieutenant governor

Nomination

On November 3, 2009, Lieutenant Governor John Garamendi resigned to take a seat in Congress. On the November 23, 2009, episode of The Jay Leno Show, Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger announced that he was nominating <mask> as lieutenant governor. Schwarzenegger cited <mask>'s "bipartisanship and postpartisanship...He makes decisions based on what's best for the people rather than what's best for the party. He has helped us, many times, pass a budget, which was very important.And he comes from an immigrant family..."

<mask> needed to be confirmed by a majority vote of the State Senate and a majority vote of the State Assembly within 90 days of the nomination in order to take office as lieutenant governor. In a statement released by the Governor's office, Schwarzenegger called <mask> a "true partner" and cited his willingness "to reach across the partisan divide" and "commitment to creating a transparent, accountable government" in California. Tenure
On February 11, 2010, <mask> was confirmed as lieutenant governor by the state Senate by a 26-7 vote. However, his nomination was not approved by the State Assembly. Needing 41 votes (in the 80-seat Assembly) for confirmation in the lower chamber, he received 37 votes in favor, with 35 votes against. Based upon the vote in the Legislature, Governor Schwarzenegger considered having <mask> sworn into office, which may have set up a legal battle with Democrats. Instead, Schwarzenegger resubmitted the nomination of <mask> on February 17.<mask> received confirmation from the Assembly on April 22, 2010 by a 53-21 vote and from the Senate on April 26, 2010 by a 25-7 vote. He was sworn in as Lieutenant Governor on April 27, 2010. 2010 election

<mask> ran for the Republican nomination for the office in June and won with 43.4% of the vote. <mask> was defeated on November 2, 2010 by Democratic San Francisco Mayor Gavin Newsom. Career since 2010

2012 congressional campaign

In 2011, <mask> announced his intention to challenge U.S. Representative Lois Capps, a Democrat, for her seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2012 elections. <mask> was defeated by Capps in the election by a 55.2% to 44.8% margin. 2014 run for governor

On May 20, 2013, <mask> announced he would seek the Republican nomination for the 2014 California gubernatorial election.On June 28, 2013, <mask> came out in support of the Supreme Court's ruling that cleared the way for same-sex marriage in California, and said that same-sex couples should be afforded the same rights and protections as heterosexual couples. Although <mask> had supported Proposition 8 in 2008, he reversed his position in 2011 when a cousin revealed that he was gay. He also said his four children helped change his position. <mask> withdrew from the race on January 16, 2014. His campaign was beset by problems: he accused Governor Brown of things that occurred years before he was elected, he struggled to raise money, his campaign's senior staff left in September 2013, and his campaign failed to gain traction after the entry of fellow Republicans Tim Donnelly and Neel Kashkari into the race. In announcing his withdrawal, <mask> said: "Now is not my time... I know it's cliché to say I am not running so I can spend more time with my family.Everybody says that. But the truth is, that is, a major factor in my decision today. I have missed some birthdays, family holidays and even anniversaries. From this day forward [my wife] now controls my schedule." Potential Trump Administration appointment
In January 2017, it was reported by CNN that <mask> was an early frontrunner to serve as United States Secretary of Agriculture in the cabinet of then-President-elect Donald Trump. His potential nomination was supported by the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials. However, Sonny Perdue was ultimately chosen for the role instead, a move that was criticized by former Governor Schwarzenegger.Personal life
He is married to <mask> and has four children. References

External links
Project Vote Smart

Join California <mask>

|-

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1967 births
21st-century American politicians
American politicians of Mexican descent
California city council members
California Republicans
California state senators
Candidates in the 2006 United States elections
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Hispanic and Latino American mayors in California
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in California
Lieutenant Governors of California
Living people
Mayors of places in California
Members of the California State Assembly
People from Santa Maria, California

masks:
Abel O
. Maldonado Jr
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Mayor Maldonado
Maldonado
Abel
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado
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title: Tim Maudlin

texts:
<mask> (born April 23, 1958) is an American philosopher of science who has done influential work on the metaphysical foundations of physics and logic. Education and career
<mask> graduated from Sidwell Friends School, Washington, D.C. Later he studied physics and philosophy at Yale University, and history and philosophy of science at the University of Pittsburgh, where he received his Ph.D. in 1986. He taught for more than two decades at Rutgers University before joining the Department of Philosophy at New York University in 2010. <mask> has also been a visiting professor at Harvard University and Carnegie Mellon University. He is a member of the "Foundational Questions Institute" of the Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences and has received a Guggenheim Fellowship. In 2015 he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He is the founder of the John Bell Institute for the Foundations of Physics in Sveta Nedilja, Hvar, Croatia.Since the academic year 2020–21 <mask> is Visiting Professor at the University of Italian Switzerland. <mask> is married to Vishnya <mask>; they have two children: Clio and Maxwell. Philosophical work
In his first book, Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity (1994), <mask> explains Bell's Theorem and the tension between violations of Bell's inequality and relativity. In Truth and Paradox: Solving the Riddles (2004), Maudlin presents a new resolution to the "Liar Paradox" (for example, the sentence "This sentence is false") and other semantic paradoxes that requires a modification of classical logic. In The Metaphysics Within Physics (2007) the central idea is that "metaphysics, in so far as it is concerned with the natural world, can do no better than to reflect on physics". Metaphysics is ontology. Ontology is the most generic study of what exists.Evidence for what exists, at least in the physical world, is provided solely by empirical research. Hence the proper object of most metaphysics is the careful analysis of our best scientific theories (and especially of fundamental physical theories) with the goal of determining what they imply about the constitution of the physical world. Maudlin delves into fundamental topics of cosmology, arguing that laws of nature ought to be taken as primitive, not reduced to something else, and that the passage and direction of time are fundamental. On this theory the arrow of time has a single direction and time is asymmetric, contradicting the quantum-mechanical idea of time's symmetry and other theories that deny the existence of time, as championed by physicist Julian Barbour. I believe that it is a fundamental, irreducible fact about the spatio-temporal structure of the world that time passes. [...] The passage of time is an intrinsic asymmetry in the temporal structure of the world, an asymmetry that has no spatial counterpart.[...] Still, going from Mars to Earth is not the same as going from Earth to Mars.The difference, if you will, is how these sequences of states are oriented with respect to the passage of time. [...] The belief that time passes, in this sense, has no bearing on the question of the 'reality' of the past or of the future. I believe that the past is real: there are facts about what happened in the past that are independent of the present state of the world and independent of all knowledge or beliefs about the past. I similarly believe that there is (i.e. will be) a single unique future. I know what it would be to believe that the past is unreal (i.e. nothing ever happened, everything was just created ex nihilo) and to believe that the future is unreal (i.e.all will end, I will not exist tomorrow, I have no future). I do not believe these things, and would act very differently if I did. Insofar as belief in the reality of the past and the future constitutes a belief in a 'block universe', I believe in a block universe. But I also believe that time passes, and see no contradiction or tension between these views. <mask> defends his view over rival proposals by David Lewis and Bas Van Fraassen, among others. Lewis analyzed natural laws as those generalizations that figure in all theoretical systematizations of empirical truths that best combine strength and simplicity. Maudlin objects that this analysis rides roughshod over the intuition that some such generalizations could fail to be laws in worlds that we should follow scientists in deeming physically possible.Van Fraassen argued that laws of nature are of no philosophical significance, and may be eliminated in favor of models in a satisfactory analysis of science. Maudlin counters that this deprives one of the resources to say how cutting down its class of models can enhance a theory's explanatory power, a phenomenon readily accounted for when one takes a theory's model class as well as its explanatory power to derive from its constituent laws (Richard Healey, University of Arizona). In Philosophy of Physics: Space and Time (2012) Maudlin explains the philosophical issues of relativity to a lay audience, though some of his arguments, like his divorcing of the resolution of the twin paradox from the presence of acceleration for the travelling twin, have been criticised in the literature. In New Foundations for Physical Geometry (2014) he proposes a new mathematics of physical space called the theory of linear structures. Maudlin's subject is specifically empirical spacetime, which he believes a kind of linearization describes better than abstract topological open sets. Bibliography

Books
 Quantum Non-Locality and Relativity: Metaphysical Intimations of Modern Physics. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1994; Second Edition, 2002; Third Edition, 2011
 Truth and Paradox: Solving the Riddles.Oxford University Press, 2004
 The Metaphysics Within Physics. Oxford University Press, 2007
 Philosophy of Physics, Volume 1: "Space and Time". Princeton University Press, 2012
 Philosophy of Physics, Volume 2: "Quantum Theory". Princeton University Press, 2019

Papers and book chapters
 “Three Roads to Objective Probability”, in Probabilities in Physics, edited by Claus Beisbart and Stephan Hartmann, Oxford University Press, pp. 293–322 (2011)
 Preface to Quantum Physics Without Quantum Philosophy by Detfel Dürr, Sheldon Golstein and Nino Zanghi, forthcoming from Springer Verlag
 “The Nature of the Quantum State”, forthcoming in The Wavefunction, edited by Alyssa Ney and David Albert, Oxford University Press
 “On the Albertian Demon”, forthcoming in a book commenting on David Albert’s Time and Chance, edited by Barry Loewer, Brad Weslake and Eric Winsberg, Harvard University Press
 “Time and the Geometry of the Universe”, in The Future of the Philosophy of Time, edited by Adrian Bardon, Routledge, pp. 188–216 (2012)
 Interview in Philosophy of Physics: 5 +1 Questions, edited by Juan Ferret and John Symons, Automatic Press, pp. 105–111
 “The Geometry of Space-Time”, The Aristotelian Society, Supplementary volume LXXXIV, pp.63–78 (2010)
 “Can the World Be Only Wavefunction?” in Many Worlds?, edited by Jonathan Barrett, Adrian Kent, Simon Saunders and David Wallace, Oxford University Press 2010, pp. 121–143
 “What Bell Proved: A Reply to Blaylock”, American Journal of Physics 78, vol.1, 121-125 (January 2010)
 “Space, Absolute and Relational”, Routledge Companion to Metaphysics, edited by Robin LePoidevin,Routledge: London, 2009, pp. 420–429
 “Grading, Sorting and the Sorites”,  Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Volume XXXII (“Truth and Its Deformities”) 2008, pp. 141–168
 “Reducing Revenge to Discomfort” in Revenge of the Liar, edited by J. C. Beall, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 184–196
 “Completeness, Supervenience and Ontology” in The Quantum Universe, a special edition of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, Phys. A: Math. Theor.40 (2007) 3151-3171
 “What Could Be Objective About Probabilities?”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 38, 275-91, (June 2007)
 “Non-Local Correlations” in Quantum Theory: Some Ways the Trick Might be Done, Einstein, Relativity, and Absolute Simultaneity, ed. Quentin Smith and William Lane Craig, Routledge (2007) pp. 186–209
 “The Message of the Quantum?”, with M. Daumer, D. Dürr, S. Goldstein, R. Tumulka, and N. Zanghì, in Quantum Mechanics: Are there Quantum Jumps? and On the Present Status of Quantum Mechanics, edited by A. Bassi, D. Dürr, T. Weber and N. Zanghì, AIP Conference Proceedings 844, 129-132 (American Institute of Physics, 2006), quant-ph/0604173
 Abstract of Truth and Paradox with replies to comments by Hartry Field, Anil Gupta, and Nuel Belnap, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research November  2006, 696-704 and 728-739
 “Time Travel and Modern Physics” (With Frank Arntzenius), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, republished in Time, Reality and Experience, edited by C. Callender, Cambridge University Press, 2002
 "Computation and Consciousness", Journal of Philosophy 86, pp. 407–432

References

External links
 Dept. Philosophy NY University Access 2012/11/21
 Interview in bigthink.com Access 2012/11/21
 On time and existence in YouTube Access 2012/11/21
 Works in philpapers.org Access 2012/11/21
 Interview in The Atlantic Access 2012/11/21
 Text of article "Computation and Consciousness" in finney.org Access 2012/11/29
 Horgan, J. (Nov 1, 2018).Philosophy has made plenty of progress: Philosopher <mask>lin sees advances in free will, morality and the meaning of quantum mechanics. Scientific American, blog Cross-Check Access 2018/11/19

Living people
1958 births
Philosophers of science
Philosophers of cosmology
Rutgers University faculty
New York University faculty
Yale University alumni
University of Pittsburgh alumni
21st-century American philosophers
American logicians

masks:
Tim William Eric Maudlin
Maudlin
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Tim Maudlin
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Tim Maud


title: Mary Ann Vecchio

texts:
<mask> (born December 4, 1955) is one of two subjects in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by photojournalism student John Filo during the immediate aftermath of the Kent State shootings on May 4, 1970. The photograph depicts the 14-year-old Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller, who had been fatally shot by the Ohio National Guard moments earlier. Vecchio had joined the protest while visiting the campus, where she befriended two of the other students hit by gunfire that day: Sandra Scheuer, who was killed, and Alan Canfora, who was wounded in the right wrist. Biography
Vecchio was from an Italian immigrant family who lived in Opa-locka, Florida, where she attended Westview Junior High School at the beginning of 1970. She states that her home life was volatile, and that she and her siblings would leave the house for long periods when their parents fought. Vecchio soon got in trouble for smoking marijuana and skipping school. In February 1970, the police told Vecchio, then 14 years old, that they would send her to jail if she skipped school again.She then ran away from home. Vechhio says that she was not rebelling or intending to make a political statement: "I just wanted to be anywhere that wasn't Opa-locka." Vecchio began hitchhiking her way across the country, sleeping in fields and hippie crash pads with other transient youth, while occasionally working odd jobs for food. Kent State

On May 4, 1970, Vecchio was at Kent State University in northern Ohio. On April 30, President Richard Nixon had announced a U.S. invasion into Cambodia and students were having an anti-war protest. As she walked towards a field on campus where protesters were gathering, Vecchio struck up a conversation with a male student. The two watched as a student waving a black flag taunted a line of the Ohio Army National Guard, who seemed to fall back and then fired more than 60 shots at the students.Vecchio dropped to the ground during the firing. When she looked up, the student she had been talking to, Jeffrey Miller, lay beside her, shot through the mouth. She fell to her knees by his body, though nearby students appeared too stunned or confused to react. Vecchio recalls crying, "Doesn't anyone see what just happened here? Why is no one helping him?" Three other students lay dead nearby. Vecchio remembers running from the scene until she saw National Guardsmen herding students onto a bus.Dazed and wanting to get away, she got on the bus, which drove two hours to Columbus, Ohio, where parents were waiting for their children who were attending Kent State. <mask>, who had never heard of the city of Columbus before arriving, wandered the streets looking for food and shelter. Student photographer John Filo, who was taking photos of the protest, had narrowly avoided being shot. After rising to his feet, he saw a girl drop to her knees by a body on the ground ten feet away. He said, "I knew the boy was dead, but I could tell she didn't know. I could see something building in her, and all of a sudden she lets out this scream and I shoot. I shoot one more picture, and I’m out of film."When he saw the National Guard cutting electric wires on campus, Filo ran to his car, hid the film inside his hubcap, and drove two hours to the offices of his hometown newspaper Valley Daily News in Tarentum, Pennsylvania to develop the film. He sent his photo by wire to the Associated Press and the next morning it appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. Filo identified the girl simply as "coed." Vecchio cannot recall the first time that she saw the photo, sometimes called the Kent State Pietà. Decades later, Filo would state, "It was because she was 14, because of her youth, that she ran to help, that she ran to do something. There were other people, 18, 19, 20 years old, who didn't get close to the body. She did because she was a kid.She was a kid reacting to the horror in front of her. Had she not been 14, the picture wouldn't have had the impact it did." Aftermath
Vecchio hitchhiked out of Columbus. She had heard that the Federal Bureau of Investigation was looking for the girl in the photo, so she didn't tell anyone who she was, imagining that she could disappear if she got to California. However, another kid at a crash pad in Indianapolis recognized her and tipped off a reporter at The Indianapolis Star. Vecchio talked to the reporter, hoping he would give her bus fare to get to California. Instead, he reported her to local police, who detained her in juvenile detention as a runaway before sending her back to Opa-locka.She said, "I would have stayed anonymous forever. But that guy from the Indianapolis Star, he knocked out my future." Following publication of the photograph through the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review satellite paper Valley Daily News and its subsequent pickup internationally, Florida governor Claude Kirk labelled Vecchio a dissident communist, stating that she was "part of a nationally organized conspiracy of professional agitators" that was "responsible for the students’ death." Many people refused to believe that Vecchio, who was nearly six feet tall, was actually 14. She was followed whenever she left her house by reporters and hecklers, and the family received many death threats. Messages received included, "What you need is a good beating until you bleed red," "I hope you enjoyed sleeping with all those Negroes and dope fiends," and "The deaths of the Kent State four lies on the conscience of yourself." Some anti-war figures expressed resentment that she was receiving so much publicity but had not even been a protester.<mask>'s father sold t-shirts with her image on them, which she signed, along with the occasional autograph. Her family reportedly later sued T-shirt companies for 40 percent of the profits from sales of apparel featuring Filo's photograph. Later life

Vecchio ran away from home again, got caught and was sent to juvenile detention. She ran away from juvenile detention, but was caught again. When she eventually was released from juvenile detention, she was constantly followed by police, who arrested her for loitering and smoking marijuana. In 2017, she described herself at this time: "I was a mess, like I was trying to punch my way out of a paper bag." She was profiled in a 1977 broadcast of 60 Minutes, where she was described as a "maladjusted kid."At age 22, Vecchio moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, married Joe Gillum in 1979, and became a clerk at a casino coffee shop. She lived in Las Vegas for nearly 20 years, eventually being promoted to the casino floor. In 1995, <mask> and John Filo met for the first time, when both were scheduled to appear at an Emerson College conference commemorating the 25th anniversary of the shootings. She also appeared at Kent State University in May of the same year for the 25th annual commemoration. She returned to Kent State University again for the 36th commemoration in May 2006 and for the 37th commemoration in May 2007. In 2001, Vecchio earned her high school diploma at the age of 46. She ended her marriage and moved back to Florida to live in a camper trailer while she worked at the spa at Trump National Doral Miami and took classes at Miami Dade Community College to become a respiratory therapist.After graduating, she worked at the Veterans Affairs Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, though she never disclosed that she was the girl in the famous Kent State photo. Vecchio states that she did not realize that she displayed behaviors characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder until she worked with veterans. Since retirement, she has been living near the Everglades, growing avocados and oranges on a small plot. Vecchio reported that she was greatly affected by watching the video of the murder of George Floyd in 2020. In popular culture
Vecchio's image was ubiquitous on magazine covers and posters in the aftermath of the Kent State shootings. Humor magazine National Lampoon ran a fake ad for a "204 pc. Kent State Disturbance set" of play figures with "1 kneeling student" and, in 2006, satiric newspaper The Onion published a fake report under the title, "Kent State Basketball Team Massacred By Ohio National Guard In Repeat Of Classic 1970 Matchup," with Vecchio's face photoshopped over the body of a cheerleader.<mask> has been portrayed in several stage performances depicting the Kent State shootings. The character Vekeero in Halim El-Dabh's 1971 Opera Flies is based on Vecchio. Her role was played by Kelley Lepsik in the 2000 performance of Kent State: A Requiem. Janet Ruth Heller published a poem entitled "For <mask>chio, August, 1973," which portrays <mask> as a modern <mask> praying for the fallen Kent State students. Before being published, the photograph was retouched to remove the distracting background fencepost that appeared over Vecchio's head in the original image. The unretouched original was stored in the archives of Life magazine. Other photographers captured the scene from other angles.A modification of the photograph was painted by Victor Kalin as cover art for a 12-inch vinyl phonograph record Murder at Kent State, released by Flying Dutchman Records in 1970. The painting makes a cultural statement by adding a National Guard unit in the background. Written commentary by Nat Hentoff places the incident in a context of national malaise. Notes

External links
 Photo of Vecchio at 25th anniversary event
 "Runaway Back Home with Her Parents". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. 24 May 1970, page 2A
 "The Girl in the Kent State Photo". Washington Post Magazine.April 20, 2021. 1955 births
American people of the Vietnam War
Black-and-white photographs
History of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Italian emigrants to the United States
Kent State shootings
Living people
People from Opa-locka, Florida
People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph
Photographs of the United States
Works originally published in American newspapers
1970s photographs
Photographs of protests

masks:
Mary Ann Vecchio
Vecchio
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Mary Vec
Vecchio
Mary


title: Nazí Paikidze

texts:
<mask>, sometimes also referred to as <mask> (, Nazí Ṗaiḳiʒe, ; , , born 27 October 1993), is a Russian-born Georgian–American chess player. She holds the titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM), which FIDE awarded her in 2012 and 2010 respectively. Paikidze was twice world girls' champion and four-time European girls' champion in her age category, and is a twice U.S. women's champion. Early life
Paikidze was born in Irkutsk, Russia. Her father was a mechanical engineer, and her mother a biochemist. Her father taught her to play chess when she was four years old. That same year, her parents moved to Tbilisi, Georgia, where she grew up with dual citizenship Georgian and Russian.In Tbilisi, Paikidze attended elementary school, where chess was part of the curriculum, and she relates that chess became her favorite class. Her chess teacher recognized her talent and suggested to her parents that they might consider chess as a profession for their daughter. Paikidze has said: "Every family in Georgia owns a chess set and knows how to play. Everyone in the country knows the names and faces of the top Georgian chess players." In 1999, at the age of 6, Paikidze began working with her first professional chess coach and improved quickly. Just over three years later, in 2003, at the age of 9, Paikidze won her first international tournament: the European Youth Chess Championship, in a category for girls under ten years old. After that tournament she earned the title of FIDE Master.Her family then moved to Moscow in 2006. Paikidze's brother was a football player. In 2008, at the age of 14, Paikidze began being coached by Russian grandmaster Vladimir Belov and others. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 2010, then an International Master. Chess career
Paikidze won twelve medals at European Youth Chess Championship, World Youth Chess Championship, and World Junior Chess Championship, including six gold medals, in various age categories. She won the European Youth Chess Championship four times: in Budva 2003 (Under-10 girls' category), Herceg Novi 2005 (U-12 girls), Šibenik 2007 (U-14 girls), and Herceg Novi 2008 (U-16 girls). She won medals in the World Youth Chess Championship in Kallithea 2003 (bronze U-10 girls), Belfort 2005 (silver U-12 girls), Batumi 2006 (bronze U-14 girls), Kemer 2007 (gold U-14 girls), Vũng Tàu 2008 (gold U-16 girls), and Antalya 2009 (bronze U-16 girls).She also won two bronze medals at the U-20 World Junior Girls Chess Championship, in Gaziantep 2008 and Madras 2011. 2009. At the age of 16, Paikidze attained a peak rating of 2455 and was rated 35th in world of the top FIDE-rated women. 2010. Paikidze jointly won the women's open event of the Moscow Open, won the Moscow Women's Championship and the Russian Women's Championship qualifier ("Higher League"), and finished fourth in the Russian Women's Championship Superfinal. In the same year, she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), for her results in the 2008 Aeroflot Open, 2009 Georgian Women's Championship, where she came equal second, and the 2010 Moscow Open. 2011.Paikidze represented Georgia in the 9th European Women's Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras 2011, winning the team bronze medal. In 2012, Paikidze was awarded the title of International Master (IM). 2013. Paikidze competed in a small number of international chess events in the United States after moving to Baltimore, Maryland. She then changed her FIDE federation to that of the U.S.

2015. <mask> made her debut in the U.S. Women's Chess Championship, finishing second with a score of 7½/11 points. Later that year, she won the Boardwalk Open in Galloway, New Jersey, edging out on tiebreak Sergey Kudrin and Igor Sorkin, after all finished on 4/5.2016. On April 25, Paikidze won the U.S. Women's Championship in her second appearance with 8½ points in 11 games. Paikidze boycotted the Women's World Chess Championship 2017 in Tehran, Iran due to its hijab dress code: "I will not wear a hijab and support women's oppression. Even if it means missing one of the most important competitions of my career." She received support for her stance from the U.S. Chess Federation, as well as prominent players Nigel Short and Garry Kasparov. Her online petition asking for the championship to be moved or the hijab laws to be relaxed has received over 15,000 signatures.It has been pointed out in this context that the U.S. Department of State has issued a warning that there is a "risk of arrest and detention of U.S. citizens", and also states that travelers "should very carefully weigh the risks of travel and consider postponing their travel". 2018. In April, Paikidze won the 2018 U.S. Women's Championship for the second time, after defeating WIM Annie Wang in the playoff match, which started with 1-1 in the rapid, and finished with Paikidze winning as white in the Armageddon. Personal life
Paikidze currently is a full-time chess professional. She married American engineer Greg Barnes and resides in the area of Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. Paikidze studied at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), which has a chess program that has won a record number of times both the Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship and the President's Cup. She joined the UMBC team in the fall of 2012. Meanings of names

 Her Georgian first name, Nazí (ნაზი) translates as "gentle".She has explained that the correct pronunciation is "nah-ZEE" (). She was named after her grandmother. Her Russian patronym Nodarovna (Нодаровна) translates as "daughter of Nodar", with "Nodar" (Нодар) being her father's name and "-ovna" (-овна) translating to "daughter of". Her Georgian family name translates as "Pawn's son" or "son of a pawn", with paiki (პაიკი) translating as pawn, dze (ძე) translating as son. References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Chess International Masters
Chess woman grandmasters
Female chess players from Georgia (country)
American female chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
People from Irkutsk
Georgian emigrants to the United States
Russian emigrants to Georgia (country)
Russian sportspeople of Georgian descent
21st-century American women

masks:
Nazí Paikidze
Nazí Paikidze Barnes
Paikidze


title: Robert S. Hartman

texts:
<mask> (January 27, 1910 – September 20, 1973) was a German-American logician and philosopher. His primary field of study was scientific axiology (the science of value) and he is known as its original theorist. His axiology is the basis of the Hartman Value Inventory (also known as the "Hartman Value Profile (HVP)", which is used in psychology to measure the character of an individual. Early life
<mask><mask> was born in Berlin, Germany on January 27, 1910. He studied at the German College of Political Science, and also at the University of Paris, the London School of Economics, and at the University of Berlin from which he received an LL.B. degree in1932. He started working as instructor in administrative law and the philosophy of law at the University of Berlin, and he also served as Assistant Judge of the District court, Berlin-Charlottenburg.In 1932 he left Germany for Britain and "started working for Walt Disney Productions as a copyright representative in Britain and later opened offices for Disney in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden where he met and married his wife. The Hartmans moved to Mexico City where he represented Disney Productions in Central America and the Antilles." Career
Hartman's rejection of Fascism brought him into conflict with the Nazi party and forced him to leave Germany, using a fake passport, in 1932. He legally changed his name, which originally was <mask>, to the name on his passport, <mask>. (for <mask>) <mask>. In 1938, using a Swedish aliens passport, he, his wife, and son left Europe for Mexico, where they lived until their immigration in 1941 to the United States, where they later became citizens. In 1941 he migrated to the United States and became a citizen. He did his doctoral work in philosophy at Northwestern University in 1946.He taught at the University of Berlin and at Lake Forest Academy near Chicago. He was a professor of philosophy at the College of Wooster (1945 - 1948) and at Ohio State University (1948 - 1956) and was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1955 - 1956) and at Yale University in 1966. <mask> was a Research Fellow and Exchange Professor at the National University of Mexico from 1956 - 1957, and from 1957 until his death he was a research professor of philosophy there. From 1968 until his death <mask> also held an appointment as a professor of philosophy at the University of Tennessee. In the late 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research. From 1950-1957 he was Chairman of the Commission on Peace for the International Council of Community Churches. He served as Executive Director of the Council of Profit-Sharing Industries, and wrote its first manual.He was a founder of the Deutsche Institute fur Social-Wirtschaftliche Betriebsgestaltung (industrial organization). He was a founding sponsor of the American Association for Humanistic Psychology. He has been credited with being the founding spirit behind the prevailing business-retirement plan in the United States today, the 401K Plan. He was the first President of the American Society for Value Inquiry, founded in 1971 by James Wilbur. He served as consultant for the practical application of Value Theory with AT&T, General Foods, General Electric, and IBM. Death
<mask> died in Cuernavaca, Mexico on September 20, 1973. He had one child, a son, Jan. <mask> was an Emmy-winning screenwriter, author, and playwright.He died of heart failure in October 2006. For the previous 10 years, Jan lived in Hertfordshire, England, with his wife, <mask>, a book editor. Work
He was the subject of doctoral dissertations, including that of a former Chairman of the Philosophy Department at the University of Tennessee, Professor John Davis, as well as of Marvin Charles Katz, whose thesis was later published as a book entitled Trends Towards Synthesis. He has published papers on the phenomenology of group measurement, on universal constants in Physics (in his role as a philosopher of science), on the logic of description and valuation, on the contribution of <mask>. Anselm, and on the Concept of Self in <mask> Kierkegaard. Value theory
The reference book Who Knows What listed Hartman as one of the two living authorities on value theory (the other was Charles W. Morris (1903-1979). Among Hartman's publications are the report on Value Theory for the Institut International de Philosophis 1949-1955, published by UNESCO; his magnum opus The Structure of Value (1967 Southern Illinois University Press); and at the time of his death in 1973 he was working on a manuscript entitled The Measurement of Value. Another critical work is his Knowledge of Good (<mask>. Hartman, Arthur Ellis and Rem B. Edwards, 2002 Rodopi Press) a thorough study of all the philosophical discussions of goodness and what gaps exist in a complete philosophy of value.Hartman shows how his Formal Value Theory fills these gaps. Robert S. Hartman Institute
The Robert S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology was founded in 1976 and exists for the sole purpose of advancing the axiological work of <mask> S. <mask>. The Institute was developed in cooperation with heirs of <mask><mask> to advance study relating to <mask><mask>'s unpublished and unfinished works held in the collections of the graduate library of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The Hartman Institute affirms the importance of a diversity of approaches to the formalization, interpretation, and application of Hartman’s theory, and it has no allegiance to any particular business model or organization. The Journal of Formal Axiology
The Journal of Formal Axiology is published once a year, since 2008, by the Robert S. Hartman Institute. Each edition is focused on advancing formal axiology and the value theory of Robert.S. <mask> and includes articles dealing primarily with axiological practice and application, as well as with theoretical issues.Articles may be critical, constructive, creative, theoretical, or applied, and are focused on advancing our understanding of Hartmanian axiology and/or what can be done with it. Membership Types
The Robert S. Hartman Institute is a volunteer-run organization made up of a global membership base. Membership types include Professional Membership, Teacher/Instructor Membership, Student Membership, and Axiological Service Provider Membership. Published Works
<mask> was a prolific writer with some of his works published and many available in their original manuscript form at the University of Tennessee Knoxville Archives. The Robert S. Hartman Institute is working diligently to bring as many of these manuscripts to publication as possible. The Structure of Value: Foundations of Scientific Axiology
Hartman's revolutionary book introduces formal orderly thinking into value theory. It identifies three basic kinds of value, intrinsic goods (e.g.people as ends in themselves), extrinsic goods (e.g. things and actions as means to ends), and systemic goods (conceptual values). All good things share a common formal or structural pattern: they fulfill the ideal standards or "concepts" that we apply to them. Thus, this theory is called "formal axiology" Some values are richer in good-making property-fulfillment than others, so some desirable things are better than others and form patterned hierarchies of value. How we value is just as important as what we value, and evaluations, like values, share structures or formal patterns, as this book demonstrates. Hartman locates all of this solidly within the framework of historical value theory, but he moves successfully and creatively beyond philosophical tradition and toward the creation of a new value science

The Knowledge of Good: Critique of Axiological Reason
This book presents <mask><mask>'s formal theory of value and critically examines many other twentieth century value theorists in its light. Five Lectures on Formal Axiology
During the final decade or so of his life, Hartman frequently delivered a series of lectures in which he outlined the need for a scientific theory of human values, the theoretical requirements demanded of an effective value theory, and his rationale behind the development of the particular value theory he developed, which he named formal axiology.He named these lectures, collectively, Five Lectures in Formal Axiology. Written as they were for oral delivery, they have a cadence and clarity to them that make them a pleasure to read. Hartman concludes these lectures with a description of how his theory might be applied in various real-world situations. Specifically, he discusses how formal axiology can be applied to studies of economics and political economies, including profit sharing; to international affairs, including matters of war and peace; and to personal ethics. To Hartman, nothing less than the survival of human existence depends on this. The Revolution Against War: Selected Writings on War and Peace
Hartman devoted much of his extraordinary intellectual capacity to understanding and articulating the political, philosophical, psychological, and spiritual causes of war so that humankind could stop waging war and start living together in peace. This collection of essays by Hartman reveal, for the first time in one place, the range and depth of his thoughts on this subject.It also traces how his own understanding of the role of war in human society evolved during his lifetime. It was his study of war that led, in large part, to his development of the value theory for which he is best known—formal axiology. Hartman's ideas, if understood and embraced, may well lead to fulfillment of his hope that we can learn to live in peace. See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

Notes

References
 Dictionary Of Modern American Philosophers, edited by John R<mask>, entry HARTMAN, <mask> by Rem. B. Edwards, Theommes Continuum (2005)
 <mask><mask>, Freedom to Live: The <mask> Story. edited by Arthur R. Ellis. Rodolpi Press.<mask>, <mask>. 1967. The Structure of Value; Foundations of Scientific Axiology. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Further details about his life and work can be found at http://www.hartmaninstitute.org/RobertSHartman.aspx

External links
 The Robert S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology
 The Robert S. Hartman Collection, 1910-1973 at the University of Tennessee
 A current bibliography of books by and about Hartman, Formal Axiology, and its applications. 1910 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American logicians
Lake Forest Academy alumni
College of Wooster faculty
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Moral philosophers
Axiology
Ethics
Philosophers
German emigrants to the United States

masks:
Robert Schirokauer Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert Schirokauer
Robert S
Schirokauer
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Jan Hartman
Stacey McNutt
St
Sren
Robert S
Robert
Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
. Shook
Robert Schirokauer
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert Hartman
Hartman
Robert S


title: Willy Wiedmann

texts:
Wilhelm Richard Heinrich "<mask><mask> (14 March 1929 in Ettlingen, Germany – 21 June 2013 in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart) was a German painter, muralist, sculptor, musician, composer, writer, author, publisher, and art dealer. The artist
Wilhelm "<mask><mask> worked in many art directions, creating compositions, poems, paintings, and invented his own painting style: the Polycon painting. Wiedmann also attended and organised national and international exhibitions. Throughout his career <mask> engaged with several famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Salvador Dalí. He was Stuttgart's first art dealer who displayed Dalí's art in his own gallery, "Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen." <mask> received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2002 for his work in the service of art and culture. The musician and composer
At the age of four <mask>mann played the accordion; one year later, the violin and flute.In 1939 he had first appearance at a chamber orchestra. At thirteen Wiedmann wrote his first minuet, one of many compositions. Throughout his life he created 150 Opus works. <mask> studied music between 1950 and 1958 at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart, as a student of Johann Nepomuk David. From 1954 to 1964 he worked as a freelance musician and composer at the Württembergischen Staatstheater Stuttgart, and between 1964 and 1982 for several German television and radio stations such as SDR, SWF, ARD, and ZDF. For over ten years, Wiedmann played as a professional jazz musician, collaborating on-stage with many artists including Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Getz, Lionel Hampton and Oscar Peterson. The painter and art dealer

In addition to his musical career, <mask> studied painting at the State Academy of Art and Design in Stuttgart (1960–1963), attending classes of Professor Willi Baumeister.After his studies, he invented the art of "Polycon painting" (Polykonmalerei) which he officially exhibited for the first time in 1965 at the Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. Throughout his career <mask> created over 30,000 paintings, which were presented in galleries worldwide. Between 1975 and 1998 Wiedmann redesigned artwork in churches in Germany, Italy, Austria, etc. Examples include the Martinskirche in Wildberg, "Martinsfenster" in 1982, in cooperation with Volker Saile and Laleh Bastian, and the Pauluskirche in Zuffenhausen, Stuttgart in 1984. The convergence between art and church gave Wiedmann the idea for his main work: "The Wiedmann Bible". He worked for sixteen years (1984–2000) painting the 3,333 pictures, folded into an accordion-pleat style book (leporello). Wiedmann claimed that The Wiedmann Bible is the world's longest painted Christian Bible.It is painted in <mask>'s own Polycon style. In 1964, <mask> opened his first art gallery Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. He exhibited as one of the first art dealers of "Wiener Schule"  and Neoclassicism, Salvador Dalí at his gallery (1966), as well as Nkoane Harry Moyaga during the restrictive period of South African apartheid (1977). He was the first art dealer in Europe to exhibit the works of a black South African painter throughout this time. <mask> ran a total of six national and international galleries throughout his career: among others are Pictures for Business in New York (1967–1977), TWS-Etagengalerie in Stuttgart (1972–1977, director), and Kunsthoefle in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart (1983–1985, director). The author and publisher
Despite his profession as a painter, art dealer, musician, and composer, <mask> also pursued his passion for writing. He wrote seven books (author or illustrator), of which he published most of them himself.Other literary works include 500 poems, lyrics, and audio plays. <mask> often wrote using several pen-names, for example "Alkibiades Zickle", inspired by a favorite restaurant of his, "Zickle" in Bad Cannstatt. He uses pseudonyms including Emilio Gräsli, Alkibiades Zickle, Marc Johann, Theodor Abtsfeld, George Yugone, Eugen von Engelsbogen and Allan Doe. Personal life
Wilhelm Richard Heinrich (<mask><mask> was born in 1929 in Ettlingen, Karlsruhe, Germany to his parents Richard and Klara <mask>, née Weiss. He was married to Klara <mask>, née Wagner, and fathered three children Richard, Cornelia and Martin. Wiedmann was known for his two pet Schnauzers: Jakob and Jakobine, named after his "Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen". They accompanied him and his wife on their trips, tours, exhibitions and festivals.Wiedmann died in 2013 at the age of 84 Jahren in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. <mask> was involved with several associations and organizations. He donated works to charity events, was a charity auctioneer himself, and a respected art critic. Starting in 1968 he took on private students such as the German actor Walter Schultheiss or the artists Laleh Bastian and Ute Hadam. Wiedmann was also very committed to the local art scene and culture and one of the founders of "Cultur in Cannstatt" (Stuttgart) in 1988. Wiedmann in Numbers
3 Breuninger department stores – redesign
4 churches – painted
6 galleries – managed
7 books – author and illustrator
10 fund-raiser – donor, auctioneer, etc. 500 poems – author
150 compositions
3.333 pages long Bible illustration in Polycon painting (Wiedmann Bible)
30.000 paintings

Works
Works in Public Spaces include:

 Polycon painting at Pauluskirche
 At Martinskirche he designed a notable glass window, "Martinsfenster", representing Jesus anointed by a Sinful Woman at Simon's premises (Lucas 7)."Projekt Weinkeller", Mall, township Kuchen, Göppingen in cooperation with Laleh Bastian and Volker Saile. Exhibitions

1964–1967
1964 <mask>mann: 1. Literature
Der Rittergarten. Die Gedichte des hochwohlgeborenen und weithin gepriesen und bekannten Melanchthon vom Knitterthal. Alkibiades Zickle, Emilio Graesli (author); Ohne Verlagsangaben, 1981. Wenn's donnert und blitz: Feierobendgedichte und sonschtiges. Alkibiades Zickle, Emilio Gräsli Stuttgart: O. P. Veit; Stuttgart : W. Wiedmann, 1982.Cannstatter G'schnatter. Gedichte von Alkibiades Zickle. Zeichnungen von Marc Johann; Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen, 1982. Stuttgarter Hufschlag. Altes und neues Stuttgart. Gedichte. Alkibiades Zickle (author), Marc Johann (illustrator); Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen, 1982.25 Jahre Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen. <mask>; Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Jakobsbrunnenverlag, 1989. 50 Jahre Kunsthöfle Bad Cannstatt. Hrsg. : Galerie Kunsthöfle Bad Cannstatt. Red. : <mask>; Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1986.Notes

 Archive Cannstatter Zeitung
 Some data is based on written, unpublished information from <mask> and his son <mask>, as well as the students Laleh Bastian and Ute Hadam. External links
The Wiedmann Bible
Laleh Bastian
Mc Bride Gallery – Walsh
Ute Hadam

20th-century German painters
German male painters
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century male artists
German male sculptors
21st-century German sculptors
21st-century male artists
German composers
German art dealers
Artists from Stuttgart
1929 births
2013 deaths
German male short story writers
German short story writers
German male novelists
German male poets
20th-century German poets
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German musicians
20th-century German short story writers
20th-century German male writers
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

masks:
Willy
" Wiedmann
Willy
" Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wied
Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Willy
) Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wilhelm Wiedmann
Willy Wied
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Martin Wiedmann


title: Noel Wien

texts:
<mask> (June 8, 1899July 19, 1977) was an American  pioneer aviator. He was the founder of Wien Alaska Airways. Biography
<mask> was born in Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin, but the family moved to a homestead in 1905, to a place now called Cook, Minnesota. In May 1921, he learned to fly a JN-4 in 8 hours, from Major Ray S. Miller, commander of the 109th Minnesota Air Squadron and manager of the Curtiss Northwest Airplane Company's flying school. Unable to pay the bond required to solo, <mask> took a job with E.W. Morrill 15 June 1921, helping to fly and maintain his Standard J-1 while barnstorming. After a few more flying jobs, on 2 Sept. 1922, <mask> had enough money to put a downpayment on a Thomas-Morse S-4, which he owned for two weeks, unable to make the final payment.<mask> then started working for Clarence W. Hinck's Federated Flyers Flying Circus, earning $300 a month, before Hinck's sold out his operation in Jan. 1924. <mask> was then hired by Jimmy Rodebaugh, in May 1924, to fly 2 Standards for his Alaska Aerial Transportation Company. When <mask> first arrived in Alaska he had 538.5 hours of flying time. <mask>'s first Anchorage flight, from the newly prepared Delaney Park Strip, took place on 4 June 1924. This was soon followed by Anchorage's first passenger flights, and <mask> put on Anchorage's first aerobatic show for the 4th of July celebrations. Then on 6 July, <mask> and Bill Yunker, made the first flight from Anchorage to Fairbanks, flying from Delaney Park Strip to Weeks Field. They completed the flight in under 4 hours, while the trip via Alaska Railroad took 2 days.Then, on 19 Aug. 1924, Wien made the first bush flight to Livengood, Alaska in support of the mining operations located there, making the trip in under an hour when it took several days via dog sled. That Oct., Wien made the first flight over the Arctic Circle. During the following winter season, the Standards sat idle. In Feb. 1925, Wien purchased a Fokker F. III from Atlantic Aircraft in New Jersey and had it shipped to Rodebaugh's newly formed Fairbanks Airplane Company. Though the pilot still sat in an open cockpit, 5 passengers rode in an enclosed compartment within the fuselage. <mask> also brought his brother Ralph to Alaska as a replacement for the mechanic Bill Yunker. <mask> and Ralph made the first commercial flight from Fairbanks to Nome in June 1925.<mask> flew until Nov. 1925 when he and Ralph quit the Fairbanks Airplane Company. <mask> headed south to barnstorm the midwest in 1926, then headed back to Alaska with his brother Fritz in March 1927. In 1926, <mask> was issued pilot license No. 39 signed by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Official Orville Wright. <mask> and <mask> went into partnership with Gene Miller, and purchased a very used Hisso Standard from the Fairbanks Airplane Co. in 1927. In June they established their business in Nome, servicing Candle, Deering, Kotzebue, and Point Hope. At the end of the summer of 1927, <mask> went into business for himself, purchasing a Stinson Detroiter he could fly year round, from Hubert Wilkins.<mask>, and his Wien Alaska Airways, started a regular weekly round trip flight between Fairbanks and Nome. <mask> also secured special air mail flights during the spring and fall breakup. Ralph and <mask> made skis for the plane, from 8 by 1 foot hickory wood, modeled after the skis their father made back in Minnesota. Wien added a second plane, a Waco 9, in the spring of 1928, and taught Ralph and Fritz to fly. On 20 Oct. 1928, Wien Alaska Airways, Inc. was incorporated with <mask> as president, Ralph as vice-president, and Miners and Merchants Bank president Granville (Grant) R. Jackson as secretary. The new company built a hangar at Weeks Field and promptly ordered a Hamilton Metalplane. At the end of 1928, <mask> had accumulated 1290 hours of flying time in Alaska for a total of 1940 hours.<mask> was one of eight pilots in Alaska, while Ralph was one of twelve mechanics. They operated three of the seventeen aircraft in the Territory. In March 1929, <mask> and Ralph bought and refurbished a Stearman from Arctic Prospecting and Development Company, which had crashed and was abandoned on Walker Lake. On 7 March 1929, <mask> and Calvin (Doc) Cripe made the first flight across the Bering Strait, the first nonstop flight from America to Asia (Nome to North Cape), and return the next day. The flight was at the request of the Swenson Herskovitz Trading Company to fly furs out of an ice bound Elisif. <mask> married Ada Bering Arthurs, of Nome, on 19 May 1929. After which, <mask> moved his company headquarters to Fairbanks.In 1929, <mask>, Ralph and Grant Jackson sold Wien Alaska Airways to Avco. <mask>'s company plus Anchorage Air Transport and Bennett-Rodebaugh were merged into a new company called Alaskan Airways, Inc.  <mask> remained as a pilot for the new company and Ralph was retained as a mechanic and back-up pilot. However, <mask> and Ada headed south where they purchased a Stinson Junior, and their son <mask> <mask> was born on 4 April 1930 in Minnesota. In Sept., the <mask> family made plans to head back to Alaska, Ada and baby by train and boat, while <mask> would fly the Stinson with his master mechanic brother Sigurd (Sig). Sadly though, news arrived on 12 Oct. of Ralph's death in a Kotzebue crash. Their return was delayed until Dec. 1930, so they could bury Ralph in Cook. <mask> flew for Alaskan Airways from Feb. 1931 until Jan. 1932, after selling them his Stinson.In Aug. 1932, once his non-compete clause ended, he restarted Wien Airways of Alaska, Inc., with a Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker. <mask> and Vic Ross achieved the "biggest scoop of the year" in 1935, according to Ira Harkey, when they delivered Alfred Lomen and his film of the Post-Rogers crash to Seattle for International News Service, ahead of a competing flight chartered by the Associated Press. <mask> pioneered an inland route from Fairbanks to Whitehorse, Yukon, to Prince George, British Columbia, to Seattle, when all other flyers used floatplanes to fly a coastal route starting with the Lynn Canal to Juneau, and then onwards to Seattle. <mask> and Ross departed Fairbanks at 10:45 PM on 17 Aug., and landed in Seattle at 12:30 PM the next day. <mask> and Ross used the money earned from that flight to purchase a Ford Trimotor 5-AT. They then made the first Seattle to Fairbanks passenger flight on 28-31 Aug. In 1935, <mask> contracted polio, but survived with only a limp in his right leg, and continued to fly.Then, in 1938, he received a piece of metal in his right eye, and a botched operation meant the loss of sight in that eye and the consequent depth perception, yet he continued to fly. The eye was removed in 1946, and replaced with a glass eye. Though still flying, he stopped logging hours after 11,600. His last forced landing was in 1956. He died on July 19, 1977, in Bellevue, Washington. Legacy
 The <mask> Public Library in Fairbanks, Alaska is named after him. The library sits on the site of Weeks Field, the original airport in Fairbanks and base for many of Wien's early accomplishments.Weeks Field Park, adjacent to the library, was previously called Wien Park. Flying runs in the family: his sons, <mask> <mask> and Richard A<mask>, and grandsons Kurt, Michael and Kent all became commercial pilots as well. <mask> was inducted into the Minnesota Aviation History Museum Hall of Fame in 1989, the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum Hall of Fame in 2000 and the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2010. Wien Mountain is located in the Brooks Range, Wien Lake is located in the Kilbuck-Kuskokwim Mountains, Wien Street is located in Fairbanks, 15 July 1974 was declared Noel Wien Day, and <mask> was declared Alaskan of the Year in 1975. References

External links
  <mask> interviewed at KENI-TV in Anchorage, 1972
 Air and Space Magazine 10 Great Pilots, March 2003

1899 births
1977 deaths
Aviators from Alaska
Aviators from Wisconsin
Aviation pioneers
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
People from Douglas County, Wisconsin

masks:
Noel Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Ralph Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel Merrill
Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Noel Wien
Noel Merrill
Wien
. Wien
Noel Wien
Noel
Noel Wien


title: Cosma Spessotto

texts:
<mask> (Spanish: <mask>) (28 January 1923 – 14 June 1980) was an Italian Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor. He was sent to serve in the foreign missions in El Salvador in 1950, where he aided the faithful through evangelization and the construction of churches. <mask> – like the then-Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero – spoke out against injustices on the part of the junta of El Salvador which caused him to receive a number of death threats. He was killed in 1980 in the church where he served as pastor, just prior to the celebration of Mass, shot at point blank range. His cause for canonization was approved in 1999 under Pope John Paul II when he became titled as a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed while it was later announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022. Life

Early life

He was born <mask> on 28 January 1923 in Mansuè, Treviso, to a peasant couple, <mask> and Josefina Zamuner.He received his baptism on the following 30 January. As a young woman, <mask>'s paternal aunt Maria had been in the process of becoming a nun but was forced to withdraw from the novitiate due to a bone disease. She later helped to care for her nephews and taught them catechism while aiding them with housework; she also told them stories of saints. <mask> received his confirmation in 1932 while in 1933 he felt a firm call to the priesthood and so insisted to his father that he start his education in preparation for that. Spessotto travelled to the friary of the Friars Minor in Motta di Livenza and asked a friar how much it would take for him to enter, to which the friar responded that the candidate would need to have a clear vocation and the will to serve God. He then demanded that his father relent to his request, to which he did and Sante left for Lonigo to begin his formation as a friar on 3 September 1938. He took the clothes and savings that his aunt had packed for him.While waiting for his train at the station, he said to his father: "Now I call you father but one day you'll call me father". On 16 September 1939 <mask> was admitted into the novitiate of the Province of Veneto and received the Franciscan habit as well as his religious name of "<mask>". This took place in Vicenza, in a secluded friary on a hilltop, where those at that friary tried to live according to the Rule of Life of Saint Francis of Assisi and the motto of Saint Leonard of Port Maurice. He made his temporary profession of religious vows on 17 September 1940. He was then sent to study philosophy in the friary of San Antonio de Genoa in Udine, but  World War II prompted the transfer of the friary's students to the friary of San Francesco in Padua. Spessoto's final months of philosophical studies were located in an area where aerial bombings during the conflict became a high risk – at the friary of San Pancrazio in Barbarano Vicentino – which was leveled by bombings by Allied Forces in December 1944 and again the following March, thus the students were forced to take refuge elsewhere. His theological studies were conducted at San Vito al Tagliamento, where he underwent an operation for an ulcer.The war made anesthesia impossible, so he was forced to endure the pain – he asked a nursing religious sister for a crucifix and that she squeeze his hand during the operation, which proved successful. <mask> made his profession of solemn vows on 19 March 1944 and was ordained to the priesthood on 27 June 1948. After his ordination, he requested to be sent to the missions in China, but his mother forbade it due to the volatile tensions with the Communists who had assumed power in 1949. He also wanted to go to Africa, but this too never materialized. The following year, three friars – including <mask> – were assigned to go as missionaries to El Salvador. They set sail from the port of Genoa on 9 March 1950 and arrived on 4 April 1950. El Salvador
Spessotto did not speak any Spanish when he arrived in El Salvador and so had to learn the language in order to speak and connect with the locals.After three years, he was assigned to serve as the pastor of the Church of St. John the Baptist in the town of San Juan Nonualco. His entrance into his first parish on 8 October 1953 was recalled as the priest being on a Vespa and being covered in dust due to the unpaved roads. He spent his first week visiting home after home in order to meet the locals. Spessotto aimed to connect to the local communities while in El Salvador and worked to rebuild a church that an earthquake had leveled in the 1930s. He learned on one occasion that there were hundreds of couples living together but were not married and in response he organized mass weddings where he married several couples at once. On another occasion guerillas took control of a church and took several priests hostage which ended when Spessotto negotiated their release. He also raised funds for the construction of a school and health clinics.<mask> also helped in the construction of a modern and functional church and construction for that church commenced on 2 June 1960. He introduced the cultivation of wine grapes into the region. By the last 1970s, <mask> had begun to denounce the abuses on the part of the junta then ruling that nation. He grew all more vocal in his denunciations after armed gunmen had assassinated the Jesuit priest Rutilio Grande. Yet this was not without complications for he had received his own death threats due to his strong denunciations and opposition to the El Salvadorian military forces. He nonetheless continued to care to the needs of the ill of his parish while aiding the poor of the area. In May 1980 he was admitted to hospital due to liver complications but was instead diagnosed with leukemia.On 14 June 1980 <mask> had celebrated Mass that afternoon for a slain student in his parish church of St. John the Baptist in San Juan Nonualco, where he had served as pastor for many years. He was shot at point-blank range around 7:00pm. He was murdered at the altar while preparing to preside at the celebration of an evening Mass. As he lay dying, he forgave his murderers. His final words – according to the priest Filiberto del Bosco – were "pardon ... pardon" as del Bosco gave him the anointing of the sick. Beatification

The process for the canonization of <mask>l was opened by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zacatecoluca on 17 July 1999, with the declaration of "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') by the local bishop (the first official stage in the sainthood proceedings) and official approval to the commencement of the cause had been granted. The diocesan process opened on 14 June 2000 and closed on 14 June 2001 – marking the date of the late priest's death.The cause was officially accepted by the Holy See on 4 April 2003, in which the Congregation for the Causes of Saints approved the process for further investigation, whereupon <mask> was titled a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed.It was announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022 with Cardinal Gregorio Rosa Chávez presiding over the rite on the Pope's behalf. The current postulator that is assigned to the cause is Giovangiuseppe Califano. References

External links
Hagiography Circle

1923 births
1980 deaths
People from Mansuè
1980 in El Salvador
20th-century venerated Christians
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Assassinated Italian people
Beatifications by Pope Francis
Catholic martyrs of El Salvador
Deaths by firearm in El Salvador
Franciscan martyrs
Italian Friars Minor
Italian beatified people
Human rights abuses in El Salvador
Italian people murdered abroad
Salvadoran beatified people
Salvadoran Roman Catholic priests
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People murdered in El Salvador
People of the Salvadoran Civil War
Roman Catholic activists
Roman Catholic missionaries in El Salvador
Venerated Catholics
1980 crimes in El Salvador
1980 murders in North America
1980s murders in El Salvador
Italian expatriates in El Salvador

masks:
Cosma Spessotto
Cosme Spessotto Zamr
Spessotto
Sante Spessotto
Vittorio Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Cosma
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto