title: Charles Spurgeon

texts:
<mask> (19 June 1834 – 31 January 1892) was an English Particular Baptist preacher. Spurgeon remains highly influential among Christians of various denominations, among whom he is known as the "Prince of Preachers". He was a strong figure in the Reformed Baptist tradition, defending the 1689 London Baptist Confession of Faith, and opposing the liberal and pragmatic theological tendencies in the Church of his day. <mask>'s College, which was named after him posthumously.Spurgeon authored sermons, an autobiography, commentaries, books on prayer, devotionals, magazines, poetry, and hymns. Many sermons were transcribed as he spoke and were translated into many languages during his lifetime. He is said to have produced powerful sermons of penetrating thought and precise exposition. His oratory skills are said to have held his listeners spellbound in the Metropolitan Tabernacle and many Christians hold his writings in exceptionally high regard among devotional literature. Biography

Early life

Born in Kelvedon, Essex, he moved to Colchester at 10 months old. Spurgeon's conversion from nominal Congregationalism came on 6 January 1850, at age 15. On his way to a scheduled appointment, a snowstorm forced him to cut short his intended journey and to turn into a Primitive Methodist chapel in Artillery Street, Newtown, Colchester where God opened his heart to the salvation message.The text that moved him was Isaiah 45:22 – "Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth, for I am God, and there is none else." Later that year on 4 April 1850, he was admitted to the church at Newmarket. His baptism followed on 3 May in the river Lark, at Isleham. Later that same year he moved to Cambridge, where he later became a Sunday school teacher. <mask> preached his first sermon in the winter of 1850–51 in a cottage at Teversham while filling in for a friend. From the beginning of <mask>'s ministry, his style and ability were considered to be far above average. In the same year, he was installed as pastor of the small Baptist church at Waterbeach, Cambridgeshire, where he published his first literary work, a Gospel tract written in 1853.New Park Street Chapel

In April 1854, after preaching three months on probation and just four years after his conversion, <mask>, then only 19 years old, was called to the pastorate of London's famed New Park Street Chapel, Southwark (formerly pastored by the Particular Baptists Benjamin Keach, theologian John Gill and John Rippon). This was the largest Baptist congregation in London at the time, although it had dwindled in numbers for several years. Spurgeon found friends in London among his fellow pastors, such as William Garrett Lewis of Westbourne Grove Church, an older man who along with Spurgeon went on to found the London Baptist Association. Within a few months of <mask>'s arrival at Park Street, his ability as a preacher made him famous. The following year the first of his sermons in the "New Park Street Pulpit" was published. Spurgeon's sermons were published in printed form every week and had a high circulation. By the time of his death in 1892, he had preached nearly 3,600 sermons and published 49 volumes of commentaries, sayings, anecdotes, illustrations and devotions.Immediately following his fame was criticism. The first attack in the press appeared in the Earthen Vessel in January 1855. His preaching, although not revolutionary in substance, was a plain-spoken and direct appeal to the people, using the Bible to provoke them to consider the teachings of Jesus Christ. Critical attacks from the media persisted throughout his life. The congregation quickly outgrew their building, and moved to Exeter Hall, then to Surrey Music Hall. At 22, <mask> was the most popular preacher of the day. On 8 January 1856, <mask> married Susannah, daughter of Robert Thompson of Falcon Square, London, by whom he had twin sons, <mask> and Thomas born on 20 September 1856.At the end of that year, tragedy struck on 19 October 1856, as <mask> was preaching at the Surrey Gardens Music Hall for the first time. Someone in the crowd yelled, "Fire!" The ensuing panic and stampede left several dead. Spurgeon was emotionally devastated by the event and it had a sobering influence on his life. For many years he spoke of being moved to tears for no reason known to himself. Walter Thornbury later wrote in "Old and New London" (1897) describing a subsequent meeting at Surrey:

<mask>'s work went on. A Pastors' College was founded in 1856 by Spurgeon and was renamed Spurgeon's College in 1923, when it moved to its present building in South Norwood Hill, London.At the Fast Day, 7 October 1857, he preached to the largest crowd ever – 23,654 people – at The Crystal Palace in London. Spurgeon noted:

Metropolitan Tabernacle

On 18 March 1861, the congregation moved permanently to the newly constructed purpose-built Metropolitan Tabernacle at Elephant and Castle, Southwark, seating 5,000 people with standing room for another 1,000. The Metropolitan Tabernacle was the largest church edifice of its day. <mask> continued to preach there several times per week until his death 31 years later. He never gave altar calls at the conclusion of his sermons, but he always extended the invitation that if anyone was moved to seek an interest in Christ by his preaching on a Sunday, they could meet with him at his vestry on Monday morning. Without fail, there was always someone at his door the next day. He wrote his sermons out fully before he preached, but what he carried up to the pulpit was a note card with an outline sketch.Stenographers would take down the sermon as it was delivered and <mask> would then have opportunity to make revisions to the transcripts the following day for immediate publication. His weekly sermons, which sold for a penny each, were widely circulated and still remain one of the all-time best selling series of writings published in history. Besides sermons, Spurgeon also wrote several hymns and published a new collection of worship songs in 1866 called "Our Own Hymn Book". It was mostly a compilation of Isaac Watts's Psalms and Hymns that had been originally selected by John Rippon, a Baptist predecessor to <mask>. Singing in the congregation was exclusively a cappella under his pastorate. Thousands heard the preaching and were led in the singing without any amplification of sound that exists today. Hymns were a subject that he took seriously.While <mask> was still preaching at New Park Street, he entered the Rivulet controversy over a hymn book. He found its theology largely deistic. At the end of his review, he warned:

We shall soon have to handle truth, not with kid gloves, but with gauntlets, – the gauntlets of holy courage and integrity. Go on, ye warriors of the cross, for the King is at the head of you. On 5 June 1862, Spurgeon challenged the Church of England when he preached against baptismal regeneration. However, Spurgeon taught across denominational lines as well: for example, in 1877 he was the preacher at the opening of a new Free Church of Scotland church building in Dingwall. It was during this period at the new Tabernacle that Spurgeon found a friend in James Hudson Taylor, the founder of the inter-denominational China Inland Mission.Spurgeon supported the work of the mission financially and directed many missionary candidates to apply for service with Taylor. He also aided in the work of cross-cultural evangelism by promoting "The Wordless Book", a teaching tool that he described in a message given on 11 January 1866, regarding Psalm 51:7: "Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow." The book has been and is still used to teach people without reading skills and people of other cultures and languages –  young and old – around the globe about the Gospel message. On the death of missionary David Livingstone in 1873, a discolored and much-used copy of one of Spurgeon's printed sermons, "Accidents, Not Punishments," was found among his few possessions much later, along with the handwritten comment at the top of the first page: "Very good, D.L." He had carried it with him throughout his travels in Africa. It was sent to Spurgeon and treasured by him. Metropolitan Tabernacle Societies and Institutions
In 1876, 22 years after becoming pastor, Spurgeon published "The Metropolitan Tabernacle: Its History and Work".His intention stated in the preface is to give a 'printed history of the Tabernacle'.The book has 15 chapters and of these 5 are given over to what he called 'Societies and Institutions'. The Five Chapters are:

xi. The Almshouses. Explaining how the New Park Street Chapel site was sold to allow the Tabernacle to build an Almshouse and school. xiii. The Stockwell Orphanage. This opened for 240 boys in 1867 (and later for girls in 1879).These orphanages continued in London until they were bombed in the Second World War. The inspiration for starting an orphanage came from a visit with George Muller. The orphanage changed its name to Spurgeon's Child Care in 1937, and again in 2005 to Spurgeons. Spurgeon was linked more with the Stockwell orphanage than any other Metropolitan Tabernacle endeavour. There are probably four reasons for this:

xiiv. The Colportage Association. Colporters were employed to take Bibles, good books and periodicals for sale, from  house to house.They also were involved in visiting the sick and holding meetings. xv. Other Institutions Connected with the Tabernacle. Here Spurgeon describes 21 other 'Institutions'. Two examples are: The Ordinance Poor Fund which distributed money amongst poor members of the church of about £800 annually, and the Ladies' Benevolent Society. This group made clothing for the poor and 'relieved' them, with an income of £105. Eight years later at <mask>'s fiftieth birthday celebration an updated list of 'Societies and Institutions' was read out.With Spurgeon's strong encouragement and support the 24 groups listed in 'The Metropolitan Tabernacle: Its History and Work', had become 69. Before they are read out Spurgeon says:  "I think everybody should know what the church has been moved to do, and I beg to say that there are other societies besides those which will be mentioned, but you will be tired before you get to the end of them." and finishes after the list by saying: "We have need to praise God that he enables the church to carry on all these institutions." <mask>'s encouragement for members of the Tabernacle to be involved in these ministries was very strong. <mask>'s own regular contributions to them meant that he left his wife only 2,000 pounds, when he died, despite having earned millions from his published sermons and books. He encouraged others to give with comments like these:

On the Green Walk Mission: "Here a good hall must be built. If some generous friend would build a place for this mission, the money would be well laid out",

On colporters: "Mr <mask>’s two Bible classes have generously agreed to support a brother with a Bible Carriage in the streets of London.Would not some other communities of young people do well to have their own man at work in the regions where they dwell? THINK OF IT",

On the almshouses: "WE GREATLY NEED AT LEAST £5000 TO ENDOW THE ALMHOUSES, AND PLACE THE INSTITUTION UPON A PROPER FOOTING. Already C. H<mask>, Thomas Olney, and Thomas Greenwood have contributed £200 each towards the fund, and we earnestly trust that either by donations or legacies the rest of the £5000 will be forthcoming." Spurgeon had one Infirmary built, at the Stockwell Orphanage. However, he also recognised that the poor had limited access to health care and so was also an enthusiastic supporter of the Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund. He left us this quote:

Downgrade controversy

A controversy among the Baptists flared in 1887 with Spurgeon's first "Down-grade" article, published in The Sword & the Trowel. In the ensuing "Downgrade Controversy," the Metropolitan Tabernacle disaffiliated from the Baptist Union, effectuating Spurgeon's congregation as the world's largest self-standing church.Spurgeon framed the controversy in this way:

The Controversy took its name from <mask>'s use of the term "Downgrade" to describe certain other Baptists' outlook toward the Bible (i.e., they had "downgraded" the Bible and the principle of sola scriptura). Spurgeon alleged that an incremental creeping of the Graf-Wellhausen hypothesis, <mask>'s theory of evolution, and other concepts were weakening the Baptist Union. Spurgeon emphatically decried the doctrine that resulted:

The standoff caused division amongst the Baptists and other non-conformists, and is regarded by many as an important paradigm. Opposition to slavery

Spurgeon strongly opposed the owning of slaves. He lost support from the Southern Baptists, sales of his sermons dropped, and he received scores of threatening and insulting letters as a consequence. In a letter to the Christian Watchman and Reflector (Boston), Spurgeon declared:

Restorationism
Like other Baptists of his time, despite opposing Dispensationalism, Spurgeon anticipated the restoration of the Jews to inhabit the Promised Land. Final years and death

Spurgeon's wife was often too ill to leave home to hear him preach.Spurgeon had a long history of poor health. He was already being reported as having gout when he was 33:

By 1871, when he was 37 he was already being advised by his doctors to leave town for his health. His favourite place to go to rest was Menton in the South of France. He was often there in the winter months. He was there often enough to have visitors, with George Müller visiting in 1879  and members of the Baptist Union in 1887, attempting to get him to rejoin the Union. When he was on the improve in Menton he would preach in the local church, or write, such as in 1890 when he wrote a commentary on Matthew while ‘resting’. He became increasingly unwell and in May 1891 he was forced 'to rest'.In 1891 he went to rest in Menton, and remained there three months.During this period he wrote 180 pages of commentary. However, he did not recover and died aged 57, while still in Menton, from gout and congestion of the kidneys. From May 1891 until his death in February 1892 he received 10,000 letters of 'condolence, resolutions of sympathy, telegrams of enquiry'. After returning the body to England it lay in state in the Metropolitan Tabernacle. Two days prior to the funeral, four memorial services where held at the Metropolitan Tabernacle. The first service at 11am was for those with current communion cards, the second at 3pm was for ministers and student pastors, the third at 7pm was for Christians who hadn't gotten in yet and the final service at 11pm included the Stockwell Orphans. Police controlled the crowds waiting to get in during the day, and to help with order, at the end of services people left through a back door.On the day of the funeral eight hundred extra police were on duty along the route the cortége took, from the Metropolitan Tabernacle, past the Stockwell Orphanage and to the Norwood Cemetery. Accounts vary about the number of carriages in the cortege. One account puts it as:

Extra trains were put on to cater for the crowd, along with extra omnibuses and cabs. Except for a few tobacco shops and taverns, the businesses along the funeral route were shut, with some houses displaying black and white material. An estimated total of 100,000 people either passed by <mask> as he lay in state or attended the funeral services. An unknown number lined the streets for the cortége. As the cortége passed the Stockwell Orphanage it stopped briefly while the children sang a verse of one of his favourite hymns “For ever with the Lord,” with the refrain “Nearer home.”.Along the route some flags were at half staff. Spurgeon was survived by his wife and sons. His remains were buried at West Norwood Cemetery in London, where the tomb is still visited by admirers. His son Tom became the pastor of the Metropolitan Tabernacle after his father died. Library
William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri purchased Spurgeon's 5,103-volume library collection for £500 ($2500) in 1906. The collection was purchased by Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Kansas City, Missouri in 2006 for $400,000 and can be seen on display at the Spurgeon Center on the campus of Midwestern Seminary. A special collection of Spurgeon's handwritten sermon notes and galley proofs from 1879 to 1891 resides at Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama.Spurgeon's College in London also has a small number of notes and proofs. <mask>'s personal Bible, with his handwritten notes is on display in the library of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, KY

Works

 Cheer For Daily Life: One of the rarest works, printed in 1898 with only three copies printed, and barely referenced in history. He also wrote many volumes of commentaries and other types of literature. Notes

References

Further reading

Source of info from <mask><mask>
 .
 .

Others

 Brackney, William H. A Genetic History of Baptist Thought: With Special Reference to Baptists in Britain and North America. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2004.

 , 700 pp. External links

 Through the Eyes of Spurgeon - Official Documentary on the Life and Ministry of Charles Spurgeon

 Metropolitan Tabernacle – The present Metropolitan Tabernacle seeks to honour the principles honoured by <mask>.

masks:
Charles Haddon Spurgeon
Spurgeonpurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Charles
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Charlesworth
. Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Charles Darwin
Spurgeon
Spurgeon
Charles H
. Spurgeon
Charles Spurgeon


title: Edward Clark (actor)

type: original

texts:
<mask> (May 6, 1878 – November 18, 1954) was a Russian-born American actor whose career began in the silent era. He appeared in more than 130 films between 1913 and 1955. He was also a playwright, theatre director and  songwriter. Among his songs was the original 1899 barbershop quartet song Heart of My Heart. He was born in Russia and died in Hollywood, California from a heart attack. (1945) – Organist (uncredited)
 The Falcon's Alibi (1946) – Coroner (uncredited)
 O.S.S. (1946) – French Waiter (uncredited)
 Nocturne (1946) – Apartment House Clerk (uncredited)
 It's a Wonderful Life (1946) – Building & Loan Board Member (uncredited)
 The Fabulous Dorseys (1947) – Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
 Love and Learn (1947) - Justice of the Peace (uncredited)
 Welcome Stranger (1947) – Andy Weaver (uncredited)
 I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now (1947) – Dad - Stage Doorman (uncredited)
 Heaven Only Knows (1947) – Storekeeper Townsman (uncredited)
 Nightmare Alley (1947) – J.E.References

External links

<mask> on BroadwayWorld.com

1878 births
1954 deaths
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
American dramatists and playwrights
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)

masks:
Edward Clark
Edward Clark


title: Sammi Cheng

texts:
<mask>u-man (; born 19 August 1972) is a Hong Kong singer and actress. She is Hong Kong’s Pop diva, with album sales of over million copies throughout Asia. Most notably in the 1990s, she was dubbed by the media as the "Cantopop Queen" (). Having success in entertainment industry for over three decades, <mask> is also best known for her roles in Hong Kong rom-com films in the early 2000s that were box office hits. <mask> holds the record of having the most best sales albums and The Best Sales Local Female Vocalist awards in the Hong Kong Cantopop industry since her debut. From 1993 to 2010, <mask> won a total of 12 Top Female Vocalist awards, 14 The Best Sales Local Female Vocalist Awards and has 7 albums that are The Best Sales Cantonese Release of year. She had also previously won the Most Popular Hong Kong Female Artist Award in annual Top Ten Jade Solid Gold Awards Presentation for three times, and in a year winning also the Gold Song Gold Award, the highest-ranked award which is the last to be presented at the ceremony.She also received Honorary Lifetime Achievement Award for Female Singer in 2011 Metro Radio Hits Awards. She had also won many top honors in various Chinese music awards held in Asia. She has produced over 80 studio albums, 10 live concert albums, over 130 singles (songs) with also over 30 cover songs and had received numerous awards from acting to singing. She also starred in over 35 films and 7 television dramas(in early years) and had held approximately 200 concerts up to date with over 12 concert tours. She is one of the female artists with most concert shows in Hong Kong Coliseum, at 102. Early life
<mask> <mask> was previously named Twinnie <mask>. Contrary to popular belief, "Twiny" is not her birth name.The name came about when Sammi was still in school and her English Language teacher wanted everyone in class to have an English name. When Sammi turned to her sister for help, her sister came up with the name "Twiny". The name was later changed to "Sammi" as "Sammi" sounds a little like "Sau Man". <mask> received her education at SKH St. Peter's Primary School and Tang Shiu Kin Victoria Government Secondary School. She has three sisters and one brother. Two of her sisters are twins. Career

Music
<mask> <mask> entered the entertainment industry at the age of 16 through the New Talent Singing Awards in 1988.Although she came in third in the competition, the sponsoring record company Capital Artists saw her potential and offered her a recording contract. <mask> at the time was still in school, and had to balance her studies with her rising singing career. Sammi released 3 full-length studio albums prior to leaving school: "Sammi", "Holiday" and "Never Too Late". One of her first major award was the 1990 RTHK Top 10 Gold Songs Awards, where she was recognized as a best new prospect. She capitalized on the attention received from her duet with artist Andy Hui, "Do you really have me in your heart?" (其實你心裡有沒有我), winning the 1993 Jade Solid Gold Top 10 Awards with that song. <mask> then went through a transformation, dying her hair orange, changing her style.Her 4th studio album "Sammi's Happy Maze" (鄭秀文的快樂迷宮) was also released, which include the hit single "Chotto Matte" (Chotto 等等), meaning 'wait a moment' in Japanese. Her new image fitted well with the new single, which was a remake of a Japanese song by Maki Ohguro. The success helped Sammi and boosted her singing career. In 1994 she continued to capitalize on her wild, new image. Her first album of that year was "Big Revenge" (大報復). The album included the hit "Ding Dong" (叮噹), which became one of Sammi's signature songs. But with her new fame also came a lot of backlash from the media.Critics argued that <mask> purposely westernized her Cantonese. Instead of saying "Ding Dong", <mask> pronounced it as "Deen Dong". Despite the criticism, the song was one of the most popular dance songs of that year. In 1994 the racy and controversial cut of "Ten Commandments" (十誡) was banned from the radio for a few days after its initial airplay of the track including tiny bits of what can be recognized as pornography soundtrack. In 1995 <mask> disappeared from the public eye for nearly half a year. Later that year, it was revealed that Warner Music Group had signed her. She let her hair color return to black and temporarily abandoned the wild image she used to have.In 1995 she released her first album "Missing you" (捨不得你). In 1996, the company decided it was time for Sammi to expand her market and fan base beyond Hong Kong. They released her first Mandarin album, "Worth It" (值得). The album was number one on the Taiwan IFPI chart for six consecutive weeks. She won a number of awards, most notably she was voted back-to-back as the most popular female artist by TVB from 1996 to 1997. She went on to win the top female award again in 2001. She would finish that year with her first concert titled "Sammi's X-Dimension Concert" (鄭秀文X空間演唱會).In 1998 she was also a featured star in a Heineken sponsored Music Horizons concert along with international singers such as Boyz II Men and Julian Lennon. By the time <mask> was 24 years old, she had already released four greatest hits albums. In the 1990s, another female star, Faye Wong was one of her main rivals. When they were on stage together, they would be cold to one another. The rivalry was confirmed in the 1999 TVB music award night. Both Wong and <mask> were arranged to sit next to each other backstage. <mask> avoided Wong by repeatedly going off stage to fix her make-up.In addition, her fans were angry and hissed at Faye Wong when she went on stage to receive an award. Wong herself has insisted that the rivalry wasn't true, and that she was friendly toward <mask>. In July 2004, she held 7 nights of "Sammi Vs Sammi" concerts in Hong Kong. She also broke the record as being the youngest female singer to hold more than 50 accumulated concert nights in the city. From December 2014 to January 2015, she held 12 nights of 'Touch Mi' concerts in Hong Kong Coliseum. She also invited heavyweight stars to be the guests of her concerts, including Andy Lau, Jacky Cheung, Leon Lai, Ekin <mask>, Louis Koo, Nick Cheung and Eason Chan. Her 'Touch Mi' concert extends to World Tour in 2015 and 2016 with 4 shows at Genting (Malaysia), 3 shows at Macau (China), 3 shows at Singapore, 2 shows at Guangzhou (China), 1 show at Foshan (China), 1 show at Melbourne (Australia), 2 shows at Sydney (Australia), 1 show at Shenzhen (China), 1 show at London (United Kingdom).Her 'Touch Mi' World Tour concluded in Hong Kong with another 8 shows in September 2016, hence bringing her total number of shows for this world tour to 38. Some of her new guest stars in Touch Mi 2 Hong Kong shows are Dayo Wong, Dicky Cheung, Francis Ng and Alex To. In 2017, she held a series of mini-concert tours entitled Naked. Sammi in Taiwan and China. Also, she held a private mini-concert in Macau, entitled Sammi <mask> VIP Music Private Enjoy Show. She held a single-show Sidetrack Birthday Gig concert at Macau on 19 August 2018 in conjunction of her 46th birthday as a treat to her fans. In conjunction with her 30th anniversary in the entertainment industry, her 10th concert world tour is organized, which began with 13 shows at Hong Kong's Coliseum in July 2019.This brought her total shows in Hong Kong's Coliseum exceeding 100-mark, at 102. In conjunction with her 49th birthday in 2021, she held a single-show 'Listen to Mi Birthday Gig' concert at Hong Kong on 18 August 2021. <mask>'s acting career began with the TVB series A Life of His Own (浪族闊少爺) in 1991. A year later she began her film career with the movie Best of the Best (飛虎精英之人間有情) in 1992 with fellow cantopop star Jacky Cheung. She would follow with another comedy film Feel 100% (百分百感覺) with Ekin <mask> and Gigi Leung. In the late 1990s during the slump of the HK film industry she starred in the film Needing You... by director Johnnie To, co-starring Andy Lau and the movie Summer Holiday in 2000. The films were hits at the box office hit in all South East Asia regions, and Hong Kong has cumulated nearly HK$60 million at the box office.The Needing You... VCD received a sold out record of more than 200,000 copies. From this film, she was also a nominee for "Best Actress" as well as taking part in singing the "Best original film song" in the 2001 Hong Kong Film Award. Following the success of those movies she starred in a few more including Wu Yen, Love on a Diet, Marry a Rich Man, My Left Eye Sees Ghosts and many more. At the 62nd Venice International Film Festival <mask> was one of the front runner for the "Best actress" award for the film Everlasting Regret in 2005. Other contenders for the award included Monica Bellucci, Gwyneth Paltrow, Lee Young-ae and Isabelle Huppert. Sammi had been nominated nine times in Hong Kong Film Awards for best actress, from her performance in 'Needing You' (2001), triple nominations in 2002 for 'Fighting for Love', 'Wu Yen' and 'Love on a Diet', in 2006 for 'Everlasting Regret', in 2012 for 'Romancing in Thin Air', in 2013 for 'Blind Detective' and double nominations in 2019 for 'Fagara' and 'Fatal Visit' but failed to win any so far. This made her to be the actress with most nominations as best actress in Hong Kong Film Awards' history but without any win.She had also received 3 past nominations (for films 'Needing You', 'My Left Eye Sees Ghost', and 'Blind Detective') in best actress at the Taiwan's Golden Horse Awards, the most prestigious awards on Chinese language film. She had won Best Actress from Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards in 2002 for her titular role in 'Wu Yen'. Due to her contribution in Hong Kong film industry and having starred in over 30 films, she is awarded 'Excellence in Asian Cinema' award in 11th Asian Film Awards on 2017. Advertisements
<mask> changes her look and image for every album, which enables her to gain extensive attention and appreciation from the music professional and the public. Sammi is a trendsetter of hair-coloring and has been chosen to be one of the Top Ten fashionable celebrities in Hong Kong. She has been signed and endorsed by many companies. These endorsements include SK-II skin care and Mona Lisa bridal service.Her first album with Warner Music Group, "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) released 3 hit singles, "Gentlemen, you are so fine today" (男仕今天你很好), "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) and "The Mourning Song for Love" (愛的輓歌). She was selected as the prominent celebrity for the endorsement of Panasonic using "Can't Give You Up" (捨不得你) as the theme song. In the many years of her active presence in entertainment industry, she had been involved in multiple advertisements for various brands ranging from sports shoes, watches, clothings, massager, skin-care products, magazine covers, etc. Post-break career

Break (2005–2007)
In 2005, <mask> had only one feature film release and no music projects. She became a representative for Veeko and Titus, a fashion and watch brand in Hong Kong, respectively. She also began writing Saturday columns for Mingpao magazine. In 2006, she released another greatest hits album, but there were no new tracks.The break was taken to recoup her energy from the entertainment industry. During a break lasting more than a 1,000 days, she reflected upon her life, and became a born-again Christian. Show Mi Tour
After taking a break for about 2 years, she re-invented herself again, and held her 6th concert in HK from 18 to 25 May 2007 titled "Show Mi" (Mi being the nickname of SamMI given by her fans). Due to the huge demand for tickets, the four performances was expanded to eight. She returned to entertain at the age of 34, and invited fellow star Andy Lau and Denise Ho to perform with her. At the end of the first show, audience members continued to shout 'encore' for 15 minutes until <mask> came back out and sang "Our Theme Song" (我們的主題曲). The concert was expanded to the Show Mi Tour.She then continues actively in Hong Kong entertainment industry after about two years of rest, marking a strong comeback with many more concerts held at Hong Kong, Macau, mainland China, Taiwan, Singapore, Malaysia, Canada, United States, Australia, etc. She also continued to work in films and had starred in various commercial advertisements. Community work
In 2003 <mask> performed at the 1:99 Concert to raise funds for SARS affected families. She had participated in the 2008 Chinese winter storm support effort where many artists including Andy Lau, Alan Tam, Kelly Chen, etc. recorded a song called "Warmth in the Snow" in support of those effected by the storm. She was also a participant of the Artistes 512 Fund Raising Campaign. In April 2008, she participated in the activities of World Vision.She traveled to Laos with fellow singer Gigi Leung, also a World Vision volunteer, to experience for themselves the struggles of the local people and children. They also visited the local children there to find out more on their situation where food and supplies are lacking. When <mask> returned to Hong Kong, she and Leung were invited to a radio program 903 to talk about the experience; she responded by announcing she had "adopted" 24 children. Filmography

Film

Television series
{| class="wikitable sortable"
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! Title
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masks:
Sammi Cheng Sa
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Sammi
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Sammi
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Sammi
Sammi
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Acting Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Cheng
Sammi
Cheng
Sammi


title: Joseph Payne (musician)

texts:
<mask> (6 July 1937 – 14 January 2008) was a British/Swiss German harpsichordist, clavichordist, organist and musicologist, whose worldwide reputation was based on his performances of music of all periods, though best known for his pioneering recordings of early keyboard music accompanied by his meticulously informative liner notes. He was born in the Chahar province of China in 1937, the son of a British father, <mask> (c.1909–1955), and a Swiss-German mother, Wilhelmina ("Mina", 1908–1993), who were licensed preachers and missionaries to Mongolia. During World War II he and his family were imprisoned in a Japanese internment camp in Shanghai. The family subsequently moved to England and then to Switzerland, where <mask> received his primary musical education. where, while studying at the Collège de Vevey, <mask> exhibited an aptitude for languages and an interest in the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and started receiving musical education. <mask>'s family moved again, this time to Connecticut, where his father became the pastor of Faith Assembly of God in Hartford. However, Rev.<mask>'s health had been compromised by the tortures of the internment camp, from which he never fully recovered. He served the Hartford church from 1951 till a fatal heart attack on 12 November 1955, at age 46. (His death was a blow to the church, which under his leadership doubled in size.) Meanwhile, his son <mask>  studied at Trinity College and Hartt College of Music; his teachers included Raymond Hanson, Noretta Conci, Clarence Watters, Josef Marx, Luigi Silva and Fernando Valenti; he was the last, youngest pupil of Wanda Landowska. While at Hartt, he met cellist Phoebe Joyce, who became his wife in 1966. The young couple settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. <mask> served for many years as lecturer at Boston University and He lectured at Northeastern University and at the Boston Architectural Center.He toured extensively throughout North America and then in Europe, where his first appearances were under the aegis of the BBC. For many years he was organist and music director for Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Boston; under his direction, WGBH offered the first live broadcast in North America of a Christmastime Festival of Lessons and Carols. His most personal and signal honour was the invitation to play at the reinaugration of the restored Wenzelkirche organ at Naumburg, the only large organ designed by Bach. Though his performance debut featured contemporary music, and though he gave the first performances of works by Norman Dello Joio, Elliott Carter, Charles Wuorinen, Arnold Franchetti and other prominent contemporaries and was the accompanist of Joan Sutherland on her first American tour, he was most widely known as a harpsichord recitalist who specialised in the work of Baroque composers, some of them little known. (Notable performances included a 1973 appearance in the Peabody Mason Concert series in Boston.) He started a recording career with the Haydn Society and from the 1960s onwards he made over a hundred solo recordings, recording for Vox, Turnabout, Decca and Musical Heritage labels: in 1964 his was the first recording of selections from the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book a contemporaneous anthology of Elizabethan works for keyboard. His Spaced-out Bach (RCA Victor Red Seal) explored the quadraphonic technology and enjoyed a cross-over success.A 1995 music review in The Boston Globe began "Organist <mask> has probably recorded more music than most people have heard." Across Europe he sought to record on historically appropriate organs, applying his impeccable attention to stylistic detail. His concertising extended to radio– notably his PBS series The Bach Connection for the Bach tercentenary– and television, for which he composed and performed music for PBS' Classic Theater, Nova and Revolutionary Women. In the early 1980s <mask> accepted an invitation from the Episcopal Parish of All Saints, Ashmont, Massachusetts, and the family moved to Dorchester. For nine years <mask> worked as organist and directed the church's choirs, including the Choir of Men and Boys. There he made a mark as a musical evangelist among the young, and the Men and Boys at All Saints performed in many venues, including radio and television; and was featured in national magazines. After several years, <mask> left the Ashmont church and concentrated on his recording career.In early 2000s this was cut short by a stroke, which left <mask> unable to play to his own exacting standard. He turned his attention to photography, and in late 2006 the family moved to Mount Vernon, Maine. On 14 January 2008 <mask> died of a heart attack. He was survived by wife and his son <mask>, photographer. <mask>'s discography contains nearly 100 items, most being recordings of early keyboard music. This includes the complete organ works of Johann Pachelbel, the complete keyboard works of John Blow, recordings of music by numerous neglected composers including John Bull, Gottlieb Muffat and Johan Helmich Roman. In addition to the Fitzwilliam Virginal Book he also recorded extensive selections from other important early music manuscripts, such as the Buxheimer Orgelbuch, the Andreas Bach Buch, the Dublin Virginal Manuscript, and the chorales in the Neumeister Collection, of which he made the world-premiere recording, J.S.Bach Choral Preludes (Harmonia Mundi} recorded and released prior to the recording by Werner Jacob). Record labels with which <mask> worked included Bis, Naxos, Harmonia Mundi, Hänssler Classics and others. <mask> worked for radio, producing several syndicated series such as The Bach Connection. His son, Christopher, is a photographer working from New York City. Partial discography
 Albero: Harpsichord Sonatas (Bis)
 Bach: Chorale Preludes (Neumeister Chorales) (Harmonia Mundi)
 Bach: French Suites (Bis)
 Bach: Goldberg Variations (Bis)
 Bach: Klavierbüchlein for Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (Hanssler Classics)
 Bull: Pavans and Galliards (Bis)
 Couperin (François): Pièces de Clavecin (Bis)
 Dieupart: Six Suitees de Clavesin (Centaur)
 Duphly: Pièces de Clavecin (Centaur)
 Muffat (Gottlieb): Componimenti Musicali per il cembalo (Centaur)
 Pachelbel: The Complete Organ Works (Centaur)
 Pachelbel: Keyboard Suites (Bis)
 Roman: 12 Suites for Harpsichord (Bis)
 Scarlatti: Essercizi per gravicembalo (Bis)
 Stanford: Organ Sonatas, Opp. 151–153 (Marco Polo)
 Telemann: Fantasies (Centaur)
 VA: Andreas Bach manuscript (Koch Discover Int'l)
 VA: Dublin Virginal Manuscript (Koch Discover Int'l)
 VA: Early English Organ Music (Naxos, 2 volumes)
 VA: Early French Organ Music (Naxos, 2 volumes)
 VA: German Organ Music (Naxos, 2 volumes)
 VA: Das Buxheimer Orgelbuch (Naxos, 3 volumes)
 VA: The Fitzwilliam Virginal Book (Vox (Classical))
 VA: The Queenes Command, music by English virginalists
 VA: Vox Organalis: Gothic Keyboard Music (Koch Discover Int'l)

External links
Artist page at Naxos site
Obituary in Boston Globe

References

1941 births
2008 deaths
British harpsichordists
British performers of early music
University of Hartford Hartt School alumni
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century British musicians
People from Mount Vernon, Maine
Harmonia Mundi artists
Centaur Records artists
Naxos Records artists

masks:
Joseph Payne
Joseph
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Joseph
Payne
Joseph Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Christopher Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne


title: Andres Serrano

texts:
<mask> (born August 15, 1950) is an American photographer and artist. His work, often considered transgressive art, includes photos of corpses and uses feces and bodily fluids. His Piss Christ (1987) is a red-tinged photograph of a crucifix submerged in a glass container of what was purported to be the artist's own urine. He also created the artwork for the heavy metal band Metallica's Load and Reload albums. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on August 15, 1950. He is from a half Honduran, half Afro-Cuban background, and was raised a strict Roman Catholic. He studied from 1967 to 1969 at the Brooklyn Museum Art School, yet is considered to be a self-taught photographer.In December 1980, he married artist Julie Ault. In a 2012 interview, Serrano references Ault as his "first wife" and Irina Movmyga as his current wife. Serrano has said that he is a Christian. Career

He worked as an assistant art director at an advertising firm, before creating his first works in 1983. Photographer Alex Harsley put <mask>'s work in his first New York City show at his Fourth Street Photo Gallery. His work has been exhibited in diverse locations around the world including the Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, World without end (2001), and a retrospective at the Barbican Arts Centre in London, Body and soul (2001). His exhibitions have often inspired angry reactions.On October 5, 2007, his group of photographs called The History of Sex were on display and several were vandalized at an art gallery in Lund, Sweden by people who were believed to be part of a neo-Nazi group. On April 16, 2011, after two weeks of protests and a campaign of hate mail and abusive phone calls to an art gallery displaying his work, orchestrated by groups of French Catholic fundamentalists, approximately a thousand people marched through the streets of Avignon, to protest outside the gallery. On April 17, 2011, two of his works, Piss Christ and The Church, were vandalized. The gallery director plans to reopen the museum with the damaged works on show "so people can see what barbarians can do". Serrano usually makes large prints of about . He has shot an array of subject matter including portraits of Klansmen, morgue photos, and pictures of burn victims. He went into the New York City Subway with lights and photographic background paper to portray the bedraggled homeless, as well as producing some rather tender but sometimes decidedly kinky portraits of couples.One of these last shows what Adrian Searle of The Guardian described as "a young couple, she with a strap-on dildo, he with a mildly expectant expression." Many of Serrano's pictures involve bodily fluids in some way—depicting, for example, blood (sometimes menstrual blood), semen (for example, Blood and Semen II (1990)) or human breast milk. Within this series are a number of works in which objects are submerged in bodily fluids. Among these is Piss Christ (1987), a photograph of a plastic crucifix submerged in a glass of the artist's own urine, which caused great controversy when first exhibited. The work was sold for $277,000 in 1999, which was far beyond the estimated $20,000 – $30,000. Serrano, alongside other artists such as Robert Mapplethorpe, Barbara Degenevieve, and Merry Alpern, became a figure whom Senator Jesse Helms, and Senator Alphonse D'Amato, as well as other cultural conservatives, attacked for producing offensive art while others, including The New York Times, defended him in the name of artistic freedom. (See the American "culture wars" of the 1990s).<mask>'s series Objects of Desire, from the early 1990s, features close-ups of firearms, photographed at the Slidell, Louisiana home of artist Blake Nelson Boyd. Included is a shot, against a glowing orange background, down the barrel of a loaded .45 revolver (belonging to Boyd's grandfather) that was used by Jonas Mekas for the cover of the April–May–June 2007 Anthology Film Archives catalog. Critical reception of <mask>'s work has been mixed. In a 1989 New York Times review, critic Michael Brenson responded to <mask>'s series of Cibachrome photographs of iconic objects submerged in bodily fluids: "You cannot consider the content of Mr. Serrano's work without considering his attitude toward photography. It is the photograph that breaks through convention, that makes the search possible and that enables the artist to sort out what he likes and does not like in religion and art. It is the photograph that becomes the vessel of transformation and revelation. The photograph then becomes an icon that, for Mr. Serrano, replaces the false icons in his work.The photograph is clean and purified, the reliquary or shrine in which he clearly believes that the word about the body can be stored and spread." Reviewing later work in 2001, Guardian art critic Adrian Searle was not impressed: he found that Serrano's photos were "far more about being lurid than anything else... In the end, the show is all surface, and looking for hidden depths does no good." Continuing his use of biological matter, more recent work of Serrano's uses feces as a medium. <mask>'s work Blood and Semen III is used as the cover of heavy metal band Metallica's album Load, while "Piss and Blood" is used on Reload. <mask> also directed a video for industrial metal group Godflesh, "Crush My Soul". In 2008, <mask>'s piece The Interpretation of Dreams (White Nigger) was selected to participate in The Renaissance Society's group exhibit, "Black Is, Black Ain't".Serrano adopted the alter ego "Brutus Faust" to create the full-length album Vengeance Is Mine in July 2010. The album contains covers of classic songs from the 1960s, and original compositions including four songs written by Serrano's wife Irina Movmyga as well as one song co-written by Serrano, Thad DeBrock, and album producer Steve Messina of New York City–based band Blow Up Hollywood. Coinciding with the release of the album are the videos Goo Goo Gaga, Love Letters, and Bad Moon Rising. Goo Goo Gaga consists mostly of black-and-white footage from the 1940s, which makes parallels between the Depression and the present day, with the images of "Brutus" shot by Francesco Carrozzini. Love Letters is footage taken from cult director Joe Sarno's Flesh and Lace. Bad Moon Rising consists entirely of footage Serrano compiled from several short films by John Santerineross. All of these short films were edited by Vincent V.

In 2013, Serrano made a work of art called Sign of the Times by collecting 200 signs from homeless people in New York City, usually paying $20 for each sign.He described the work as "a testimony to the homeless men and women who roam the streets in search of food and shelter. It's also a chronicle of the times we live in." Over the course of several months, Serrano engaged with over 85 homeless individuals in Manhattan and photographed them for a series called Residents of New York, a site-specific public art exhibition on display from May 19 to June 15, 2014, at the West Fourth Street – Washington Square subway station, on LaGuardia Place (between West 3rd and Bleecker Streets), at Judson Memorial Church, and in phone booths and posters around the city. The installation was produced and developed by More Art, a nonprofit organization based in New York that is dedicated to the development of socially engaged public art projects. Serrano initially photographed homeless individuals in the city in 1990 for a series of studio-style portraits titled Nomads. In Residents of New York, he removed his signature studio elements, focusing instead on personal connectivity and interaction directly on the streets of New York City, where the homeless live. See also
Banksy
Blood Cross
Cinema of Transgression
New French Extremity
Nick Zedd
Shock art
Transgressive art

References

External links

1950 births
African-American Christians
African-American photographers
American photographers
People with albinism
Artists from New York City
Hispanic and Latino American artists
Living people
American people of Honduran descent
American people of Cuban descent
Censorship in the arts
Obscenity controversies in photography
Obscenity controversies in art
People of Afro–Cuban descent
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Brooklyn Museum Art School alumni
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Andres Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano
Serrano


title: John Pegram (general)

texts:
<mask> (January 24, 1832 – February 6, 1865) was a career soldier from Virginia who served as an officer in the United States Army and then as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. He became the first former U.S. Army officer to be captured in Confederate service in 1861 and was killed in action near the end of the war. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Petersburg, Virginia, the oldest son of third generation planter <mask> and <mask>. His grandfather and namesake, <mask>, had been a major general, commanding all Virginia forces during the War of 1812. His father, <mask>, was a prominent attorney, militia brigadier general, and bank president in Richmond. However, in October 1844, <mask> was killed in a steamboat accident on the Ohio River, leaving a widow, who had to open a girls' school to support her five children. One of <mask>'s younger brothers was the future Confederate artillerist <mask>.His great grandmother's half-brother was North Carolina senator Nathaniel Macon. <mask> was appointed to the United States Military Academy in 1850. He graduated four years later, ranking tenth in his class, which also included future generals J.E.B. Stuart, Stephen D. Lee and Oliver O. Howard. <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the dragoons. He served at a variety of garrisons and outposts in the West. In January 1857, he was appointed Assistant Instructor of Cavalry at West Point.<mask> was granted a leave of absence in 1858–59 to travel to Europe to observe the Austro-Sardinian War. Returning home, he was assigned in 1860 to duty on the frontier in the New Mexico Territory. Civil War
In May 1861, when news arrived that his native Virginia had seceded, <mask> resigned his lieutenant's commission and returned home. In early July 1861, he accepted a commission as a lieutenant colonel and was assigned command of the 20th Virginia Infantry. His regiment was part of the brigade of Brig. Gen. Robert S. Garnett and served in western Virginia fighting Union troops under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. On July 11, 1861, cut off from Garnett's main body during the Battle of Rich Mountain, <mask> controversially surrendered his entire regiment to the Federals.Thus <mask> became the first former U.S. Army officer to be captured while in Confederate service. His men were paroled, but <mask> was imprisoned for six months in Fort Warren in Boston harbor. In January 1862, <mask> was paroled in Baltimore, Maryland, and allowed to travel to Richmond while awaiting a formal exchange for a captive Union officer. There, he met prominent socialite Hetty Cary, who became his fianceé. When finally exchanged, <mask> was promoted to colonel and became the Chief Engineer of the army of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard and then to Braxton Bragg. Within a short time, he was assigned as Chief of Staff for Maj. Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith and served in the Kentucky Campaign. <mask> was promoted to brigadier general in November 1862 and given command of a cavalry brigade.His performance before the Battle of Stones River in December was criticized by his superiors for failing to provide proper intelligence on enemy movements. In March 1863, he led an ill-fated raid into Kentucky that was defeated at the Battle of Somerset and drew criticism from his subordinate officers, including <mask> Morgan. He remained in command, however, and was ordered to report to the Army of Northern Virginia in October after he requested reassignment back to the Eastern Theater. However, before leaving, <mask> and his division fought under Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Chickamauga. <mask> was given command of a veteran Virginia infantry brigade in the division of Jubal A. Early. In May, <mask> was wounded at the Battle of the Wilderness and went home to recuperate.Returning to field duty that fall, he served with distinction during Early's independent Valley Campaign as a division commander. Following the  disastrous Battle of Cedar Creek, Early's survivors, including <mask>, returned to the Army of Northern Virginia in the Petersburg trenches. On January 19, 1865, <mask> married Hetty Cary in a well-attended ceremony in St. Paul's Church in Richmond. Among the celebrants was Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his wife, Varina. Less than three weeks later, <mask> was killed in action during the Battle of Hatcher's Run. His funeral was held in the same church where he had recently been married, with many of the same attendees. His younger brother William would be killed in some of the war's last fighting at the Battle of Five Forks in April.<mask> was buried in Richmond's Hollywood Cemetery. In fiction

In MacKinlay Kantor's 1961 alternate history book "If the South Had Won the Civil War", <mask> appears as one of several prominent people who would have campaigned for the Abolition of Slavery in an independent Confederacy and eventually achieved it by 1885. See also

List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, <mask>., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Evans, Clement A., ed. Confederate Military History: A Library of Confederate States History. Vol. 3 of 12.Atlanta: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899. .
 Laidig, Scott. Brigadier General <mask>, Lee's Paradoxical Cavalier. Essay, Ohio State University, 1998. Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 U.S. War Department. The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901. Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. . External links
OSU biography of Pegram
Rich Mountain battlefield website, with bio of Pegram

Confederate States Army brigadier generals
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Confederate States military personnel killed in the American Civil War
American Civil War prisoners of war
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army officers
People from Petersburg, Virginia
1832 births
1865 deaths
Burials at Hollywood Cemetery (Richmond, Virginia)

masks:
John Pegram
John Pegram
James West Pegram
Virginia Johnson Pegram
John Pegram
James Pegram
James Pegram
John Pegram
William Ransom Johnson Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
John Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
John Hunt
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
Pegram
John H
John Pegram


title: Richard Bentall

texts:
<mask>  (born 30 September 1956) is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Sheffield in the UK. Early life
<mask> was born in Sheffield in the United Kingdom. After attending Uppingham School in Rutland and then High Storrs School in his home town, he attended the University College of North Wales, Bangor as an undergraduate before registering for a PhD in Experimental Psychology at the same institution. Career
After being awarded his doctorate, he moved to the University of Liverpool to undertake professional training as a clinical psychologist. He later returned to his alma mater of Liverpool to work as a lecturer, after a brief stint working for the National Health Service as a forensic clinical psychologist. Later, he studied for an MA in Philosophy Applied to Healthcare from the University of Wales, Swansea. He was eventually promoted to Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool.In 1999, he accepted a position at the University of Manchester, collaborating with researchers based there who were working in understanding the treatment of psychotic experiences. After returning in 2007 to a professorial position at Bangor University, where he retains an honorary professorship, he returned to the University of Liverpool in 2011, before moving to the University of Sheffield in 2017. His research continues to focus on the psychological mechanisms of severe mental illness and social factors that affect these mechanisms, which has led to a recent interest in public mental health. In 1989, he received the British Psychological Society's Division of Clinical Psychology 'May Davidson Award', an annual award for outstanding contributions to the field of clinical psychology, in the first ten years after qualifying. In 2014 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. Research
He has previously published research on differences between human and animal operant conditioning and on the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome. However, he is best known for his work in psychosis, especially the psychological processes responsible for delusions and hallucinations and has published extensively in these areas.His research on persecutory (paranoid) delusions has explored the idea that these arise from dysfunctional attempts to regulate self-esteem, so that the paranoid patient attributes negative experiences to the deliberate actions of other people. His research on hallucinations has identified a failure of source monitoring (the process by which events are attributed to either the self or external sources) as responsible for hallucinating patients' inability to recognise that their inner speech (verbal thought) belongs to themselves. Along with many other British researchers, he has used these discoveries to inform the development of new psychological interventions for psychosis, based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). This work has included randomised controlled trials of CBT for first episode patients and patients experiencing an at risk mental state for psychosis. In a 1992 thought experiment, Bentall proposed that happiness might be classified as a psychiatric disorder. The purpose of the paper was to demonstrate the impossibility of defining psychiatric disorder without reference to values. The paper was mentioned on the satirical television program Have I Got News for You and quoted by the novelist Philip Roth in his novel Sabbath's Theater.He has edited and written several books, most notably Madness Explained, which was winner of the British Psychological Society Book Award in 2004. In this book, he advocates a psychological approach to the psychoses, rejects the concept of schizophrenia and considers symptoms worthwhile investigating in contrast to the Kraepelinian syndromes. (Refuting Kraepelin's big idea that serious mental illness can be divided into discrete types is the starting chapter of the book.) A review by Paul Broks in The Sunday Times summarised its position as: "Like Szasz, Bentall is firmly opposed to the biomedical model, but he also takes issue with extreme social relativists who would deny the reality of madness." In the book, Bentall also argues that no clear distinction exists between those diagnosed with mental illnesses and the "well". While this notion is more widely accepted in psychiatry when it comes to anxiety and depression, Bentall insists that schizotypal experiences are also common. In 2009 he published Doctoring The Mind: Is Our Current Treatment Of Mental Illness Really Any Good?A review of this book by neuro-scientist Roy Sugarman argued that it allied itself with the anti-psychiatry movement in its critiques of biological psychiatry. The review in PsycCRITIQUES was more nuanced, pointing out that Bentall did not reject psycho-pharmacology, but that he was concerned over its overuse. In 2010, <mask> and John Read co-authored a literature review on "The effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy" (ECT). It examined placebo-controlled studies and concluded ECT had minimal benefits for people with depression and schizophrenia. The authors said "given the strong evidence of persistent and, for some, permanent brain dysfunction, primarily evidenced in the form of retrograde and anterograde amnesia, and the evidence of a slight but significant increased risk of death, the cost-benefit analysis for ECT is so poor that its use cannot be scientifically justified". Psychiatrists, however, sharply criticized this paper in passing by calling it an "evidence-poor paper with an anti-ECT agenda". In 2012, <mask> and collaborators in Maastricht published a meta-analysis of the research literature on childhood trauma and psychosis, considering epidemiological, case-control, and prospective studies.This study found that the evidence that childhood trauma confers a risk of adult psychosis is highly consistent, with children who have experienced trauma (sexual abuse, physical abuse, loss of a parent or bullying) being approximately three times more likely to become psychotic than non-traumatised children; there was a dose-response effect (the most severely traumatised children were even more likely to become psychotic) suggesting that the effect is causal. This finding, and other findings suggesting that there are many social risk factors for severe mental illness, has led to Bentall's current interest in public mental health. Bibliography
 (The UK title is Doctoring the Mind: Why Psychiatric Treatments Fail)

Morrison, A. P. & Renton, & J & French P & Bentall, R. P. (2008) Think You're Crazy? Think Again: A Resource Book for Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis London: Routledge. Bentall, R. P. (2003) Madness Explained: Psychosis and Human Nature London: Penguin Books Ltd.
Bentall, <mask> (1999). Why There Will Never Be a Convincing Theory of Schizophrenia. In S. Rose (ed).From brains to consciousness? Essays on the new sciences of mind London: Penguin Books. <mask>, R. P. & Slade, P. D. (eds) (1992) Reconstructing Schizophrenia London: Routledge. <mask>, R. P. & Slade, P. D. (1988) Sensory Deception: A Scientific Analysis of Hallucination Johns Hopkins University Press. See also
Spectrum (psychiatry)

References

External links
<mask>l staff profile University of Bangor
Psychiatry's failed paradigm, guest blog entry in the Washington Post (4 January 2010)

1956 births
Living people
Anti-psychiatry
British psychologists
Schizophrenia researchers
Fellows of the British Academy
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Clinical psychologists
Alumni of Bangor University
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
Alumni of Swansea University

masks:
Richard Bentall
Richard Bentall
Bentall
Bentall
Richard
Bentall
Bentall
Richard Bental


title: Jeno Paulucci

texts:
Luigino "<mask><mask> (July 5, 1918 – November 24, 2011) was an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. <mask> started over 70 companies; among the most well-known ventures included his frozen food company, Bellisio Foods, and food products such as Pizza Rolls and the Chun King line of Chinese food. Early life

A self-described "peddler from the Iron Range", <mask> was born in the mining town Aurora, Minnesota. <mask>'s parents, Ettore and Michelina, had recently moved from Bellisio Solfare, hamlet of Pergola (Marche) Italy and his father was a miner in one of the region's iron mines. He began his long career in the grocery industry while working for his family's small grocery store during the Great Depression. On February 8, 1947, <mask> married Lois Mae Trepanier. They had three children together.Career

During the 1940s, <mask> developed the Chun King line of canned Chinese food products. In the book "The Very, Very Rich, and how they got that way", <mask> was quoted as stating his motivation that, while he loved Chinese food, he found it too bland and thought it would benefit from a little Italian spicing. After making a batch and canning it, he took some samples to a supermarket executive to convince him to try it out, and to persuade him to stock it. On opening the can, <mask> found, to his horror, that the top of the can's contents included a whole, cooked grasshopper. Fortunately, the can had been opened in such a way that the lid was facing the executive, so that only <mask> could see the contents. Thinking quickly, <mask> told the executive, "This looks so good, I'm going to taste it myself". He then took one of two spoons that were lying on the table, reached into the can, quickly dug out a heaping spoonful (which included the grasshopper) and ate it.(According to <mask>, "It didn't taste bad." Roasted or deep-fried grasshoppers are a popular street snack in Mexico City.) He then offered the can to the executive, who sampled a separate spoonful, liked it, and placed a large order. His version of Chinese food was heavily modified to better catered to the food preferences of European immigrants and some Americans of similar ethnic origins by the addition of Italian spices. <mask>'s company became so successful selling canned chow mein and chop suey that President Gerald Ford quipped, "What could be more American than a business built on a good Italian recipe for chop suey?" when praising <mask> accomplishments with Chun King. By 1962, Chun King was bringing in $30 million in annual revenue and accounted for half of all U.S. sales of prepared Chinese food.Chun King was sold to R. J. Reynolds tobacco company, in 1966 for $63 million. In 1985, <mask> sold his Jeno's Pizza Rolls brand to Pillsbury. He later regretted selling the pizza rolls, saying, "I should’ve kept the pizza roll. It's something that’ll damn near live forever." In the early 1990s, <mask> returned to northeast Minnesota to launch Luigino's, Inc., a frozen food company specializing in Italian food such as pasta marketed under the Michelina's brand named after <mask>'s mother. <mask> was a game show contestant on CBS's What's My Line in 1963. He was also featured on the television show Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous with Robin Leach.<mask> started Paulucci Publications in 1979 with the launch of his magazine for Italian Americans, Attenzione. In January 1981, The New York Times reported that <mask>'s magazine "had survived 19 issues in an area where others could not make it to six". Leda Sanford, the magazine's editor-in-chief and publisher, said "patience and a lot of money" was required to make the magazine succeed. <mask> sold Attenzione to Adam Publications in January 1982. Sanford reported that <mask> had put $6 million into the publication. Describing himself as an "incurable entrepreneur," <mask> advocated several innovative strategies for building small businesses. From the 1940s to the 1960s, his Chun King company attempted to "cut out the middle man" and "take advantage of waste".<mask> preferred not to use personal money for his businesses and instead relied on public financing provided in exchange for job creation. <mask> was also credited with building one of the first national brands of frozen pizzas and taking advantage of the growing acceptance of frozen food as a meal. <mask> told a reporter, "Wherever there's a microwave, I believe we should have our product." In the 1980s, <mask> planned and developed the master-planned community Heathrow, Florida. Since the 1980s, <mask> owned numerous land holdings in Seminole County, Florida, and was an active philanthropist in the community. Charity and philanthropy

<mask> was involved with numerous charitable causes. He was a prominent advocate for Italian-American issues.He founded the National Italian American Foundation in the 1970s and served as a presidential emissary to Italy. The Paulucci Space Theater, a planetarium in Hibbing, Minnesota, is named in honor of <mask>. Controversy

In 1982, <mask> moved 1200 jobs from the Jeno's Pizza plant in Duluth, Minnesota, to Jackson, Ohio. Ohio had offered <mask> publicly financed low-interest loans. Many accused <mask> of violating his professed commitment to northeast Minnesota during a time of economic hardships. In response to these criticisms, <mask> told Minnesota Public Radio, "I'm a businessman, I'm not going to say oh gee, I'm a nice guy." <mask> and his daughter began a legal battle in 2006 over guardianship of his daughter's substantial trust fund.After his death, a significant legal battle erupted over his $100m estate. Notes

External links
 Michelina's

1918 births
2011 deaths
American chief executives in the media industry
American chief executives of food industry companies
American food company founders
American magazine publishers (people)
American investors
American people of Italian descent
Businesspeople from Minnesota
People from Aurora, Minnesota
People from Heathrow, Florida
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists

masks:
Jeno
" Francesco Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci
Paulucci


title: Dave Dudley

texts:
<mask> (born David Darwin Pedruska; May 3, 1928 – December 22, 2003) was an American country music singer best known for his truck-driving country anthems of the 1960s and 1970s and his semi-slurred bass. His signature song was "Six Days on the Road", and he is also remembered for "Vietnam Blues", "Truck Drivin' Son-of-a-Gun", and "Me and ol' C.B.". Other recordings included <mask>'s duet with Tom T. Hall, "Day Drinking", and his own Top 10 hit, "Fireball Rolled A Seven", supposedly based on the career and death of Edward Glenn "Fireball" Roberts. Biography

Early life and rise to fame
Born in Spencer, Wisconsin, United States, <mask>'s grandparents came from Königsberg in East Prussia, Germany. At the age of eleven he was given a guitar by his grandfather and learned to play the chords. He had a short career as a semi-professional baseball player. After he suffered an arm injury, he was no longer able to play baseball.He then decided to pursue a career in country music. He was one of the earliest artists to record for the National Recording Corporation, with "Where's There's A Will" (1959). <mask> was injured once again in 1960, this time in a car accident, setting back his career in music. He first appeared on the Country charts in 1961 with "Maybe I Do", released by Vee Records. He later moved to Golden Wing Records. Height of his career
In 1963, "Six Days on the Road" became a hit for <mask>. The song was written by Earl Green and Peanutt Montgomery.It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. In the original version of the song as recorded by <mask> the lyrics include the words "...I'm taking little white pills and my eyes are open wide..." a reference to the stimulants some truckers used to keep driving (and make their delivery times) when they needed sleep. Some remakes of the song replace these words with a reference to looking at the white lines on the road. In 1963, <mask> moved on to Mercury Records. By the end of 1963, he released his first single from the label, "Last Day in the Mines". <mask> scored more big hits in the 1960s, including "Truck Drivin' Son-of-a-Gun", "Trucker's Prayer" and "Anything Leaving Town Today". "Six Days on the Road" was subsequently recorded by several other artists including George Thorogood and the Destroyers, Steve Earle, The Flying Burrito Brothers and Sawyer Brown.<mask> continued to have success into the 1970s, while continuing to record for Mercury Records. He had some country Top 10s in the 1970s, including "Comin' Down" and "Fly Away Again". By the late 1970s, his success on the charts was beginning to fade, although <mask> amassed thirty-three Top 40 Country hits. In 1978, <mask>'s name became known to the audience in Germany after the most successful German country band Truck Stop had a single Top 10 hit in Germany, titled "Ich möcht’ so gern <mask> hör’n" ("I would like to listen to <mask> so much"). Late career and death
In the 1980s, <mask> continued to record sporadically, and remained popular in concert. During this time, he was elected to the 'Nashville Teamsters Truck Drivers Union', receiving a solid gold membership card from the union. During this time, he also found out that he had a big fan base in Europe, and he decided to try to appeal more to this market.<mask> purchased Staples Lake Resort in the mid 1970s and ran a successful business/resort there until the mid to late 1980s with wife, Marie. During his ownership he also sponsored multiple country music festivals on the property. In total, <mask> recorded more than 70 albums. However, he did not manage to reclaim his past success, and neither his single "Where's That Truck? ", recorded with disc jockey Charlie Douglas, nor the track "<mask>, American Trucker", recorded in 2002 in the wake of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, helped revive his career. Few of his hits have made it onto CDs and albums, creating a market for his vintage vinyl recordings. <mask> died on December 22, 2003, aged 75, after suffering a heart attack in his car in a parking lot in Danbury, Wisconsin.Discography

Albums
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Album
! US Country
! Label
|-
| 1963
| <mask> Sings Six Days on the Road
| align="center"| 16
| Golden Wing
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1964
| Songs About the Working Man
| align="center"| 19
| rowspan="21"| Mercury
|-
| Travelin' with <mask>
| align="center"| 8
|-
| Talk of the Town
| align="center"| 16
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1965
| Rural Route No. 1
| align="center"| —
|-
| Truck Drivin' Son-of-a-Gun
| align="center"| 3
|-
| Greatest Hits
| align="center"| —
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1966
| There's a Star-Spangled Banner Waving Somewhere
| align="center"| 12
|-
| Lonelyville
| align="center"| 6
|-
| Free and Easy
| align="center"| 10
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1967
| My Kind of Love
| align="center"| —
|-
| <mask> Country
| align="center"| 29
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1968
| Greatest Hits Vol. rowspan="2"| Year
!rowspan="2"| Single
! colspan="3"| Chart Positions
! rowspan="2"| Album
|-
! width="45"| US Country
! width="45"| US
! 13 on Easy Listening (now Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks). References

Other sources
 Country Music: The Rough Guide''; Wolff, Kurt; Penguin Publishing

External links
 <mask> profiled in WFMU's Diesel Sniffing Series
 CMT.com: "Six Days on the Road" Singer <mask> dead at 75

1928 births
2003 deaths
People from Spencer, Wisconsin
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Country musicians from Wisconsin
National Recording Corporation artists
Jubilee Records artists
Starday Records artists
Mercury Records artists
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
American people of German descent
Singer-songwriters from Wisconsin

masks:
Dave Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dave Dudley
Dudley
Dave Dudley


title: Antti Siirala

texts:
<mask> (born 16 May 1979 in Helsinki) is a Finnish pianist. <mask>'s international career was launched when he won First Prize in the 10th Vienna Beethoven competition as the youngest contestant, receiving the special award for the best performance of a late Beethoven sonata (op. 106 “Hammerklavier”). Subsequently, he was awarded First Prize in the London International Piano Competition 2000, the Dublin International Piano Competition (with unanimous jury votes and a special prize for the best Mozart performance) and the Leeds International Piano Competition in 2003 (and the audience prize voted by viewers and listeners to the BBC broadcasts and the live audience in Leeds Town Hall). <mask>'s debut in Brussels in December 2004 was a matchless success. Due to illness the conductor had to cancel on very short notice. <mask> agreed to lead the orchestra from the piano and saved the whole concert by playing in the second half Beethoven's Diabelli variations in place of the orchestra.Immediately he was re-invited for concerts with the Orchestre National and for a recital by the Palais des Beaux Arts. Standing in for sickened Emanuel Ax in February 2005, Siirala gave a sensational debut recital at the Cologne Philharmonie. According to the newspaper Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger “His recital will be remembered as one of the most outstanding events of this season”. Stepping in for indisposed famous colleagues seemed to be his brand mark throughout the season 2006/07: whether replacing Hélène Grimaud for concerts with the SWR-Sinfonieorchester Freiburg/Baden-Baden under Gielen with his musically expressive but symphonic interpretation of Brahms’ 2nd piano concerto, or Ivo Pogorelich at the Schumannfest Düsseldorf, Michail Pletnev at the Maggio Musicale or Yefim Bronfman with the Bamberg Symphony under Blomstedt, playing Brahms’ 1st piano concerto: everywhere press and audience were enthusiastic about his playing. Blomstedt even invited him to join him at the Baltic Sea Festival the same season and the Bamberg Symphony re-invited him to come back for four concerts with his compatriot Pietari Inkinen in November 2007. Highlights of the season 2009/2010, for instance, were concerts with the WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln under Semyon Bychkov and the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra. In October 2009 <mask> <mask> gave his celebrated debut with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under Osmo Vänskä and was re-invited immediately.In April 2010 he performed as one of four pianists (next to Pierre-Laurent Aimard, Lang Lang and Martin Helmchen) in the piano series of the Berliner Philharmoniker. In August 2010 <mask> <mask> played with the Mostly Mozart Orchestra under Osmo Vänskä at Lincoln Center New York. <mask> <mask>'s debut with the Philharmonia Orchestra under Salonen at the sold out 2010/11 opening concert of the Konzerthaus Dortmund was a great success and was celebrated by the audience with standing ovations. In April 2011 <mask> will also make his debut with the Tonhalle Orchestra Zurich under the baton of Xian Zhang. <mask> <mask> works with many renowned conductors, among them Paavo Berglund, Herbert Blomstedt, Michael Boder, Semyon Bychkov, Stéphane Denève, Thierry Fischer, Mikko Franck, Michael Gielen, Miguel Harth-Bedoya, Pietari Inkinen, Kristjan Järvi, Neeme Järvi, Fabio Luisi, Susanna Mälkki, Gerhard Markson, Sakari Oramo, Eiji Oue, François-Xavier Roth, Yutaka Sado, Esa-Pekka Salonen, Jukka-Pekka Saraste, Lan Shui, Stefan Solyom, Osmo Vänskä, Mario Venzago, Hugh Wolff and Xian Zhang. Siirala is and was invited to play with orchestras like Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, Bamberger Symphoniker, Bochumer Symphoniker, hr-sinfonieorchester Frankfurt, Museumsorchester Frankfurt, SWR Sinfonieorchester Freiburg und Baden-Baden, NDR Radiophilharmonie Hannover, Gürzenich-Orchester Köln, WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln, Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz, Tonhalle-Orchester Zürich, Wiener Symphoniker, Tonkünstlerorchester Wien, Orchestre National de Belgique, Orchestre National de Lille, City of Birmingham Symphony, Liverpool Philharmonic, BBC Symphony London, Royal Scottish National Orchestra, Irish National Symphony, Orchestra del Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, Residentie Orkest Den Haag, Iceland Symphony Orchestra, Swedish National Orchestra, Swedish Radio Symphony, Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Sinfonia Varsovia, St. Petersburger Symphoniker, Estonian National Symphony, Detroit Symphony, New Jersey Symphony, Singapore Symphony Orchestra, Tokyo Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra,  Hiroshima Symphony Orchestra, New Japan Philharmonic Orchestra, Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra as well as with the orchestras of Melbourne and Queensland. Major milestones on his steadily rising path of success were his recitals at the Lucerne Festival, Klavier-Festival Ruhr, Heidelberger Frühling, Schumannfest Düsseldorf, Europäische Wochen Passau and at the Festivals of Bolzano, Bath and Kilkenny, Moritzburg as well as at the Cologne Philharmonie, Konzerthaus Dortmund, in Hannover Homburg/Saar, Mainz, Leverkusen, Wuppertal, London's Wigmore Hall, Concertgebouw Amsterdam, Tonhalle Zurich, Brussels, Aix-les-Bains, Porto, Milano, Imola, Detroit and at the Metropolitan Museum in New York.For a period of 3 years <mask> <mask> was one of the artists in residence of the Konzerthaus Dortmund as part of the ‘Junge Wilde’ series. His debut recording of Schubert transcriptions for NAXOS received excellent press reviews. For his recording of works by Brahms for ONDINE, he received 6 points out of 6 in the category interpretation from the Piano News magazine. For both recordings <mask> received the Gramophone Magazine's Editor's Choice award. Beethoven and Brahms are at the core of <mask>'s repertoire, but his interest in contemporary music has resulted in first performances of works by Walter Gieseler, Kuldar Sink, Uljas Pulkkis and the premiere of the new piano concerto by Kalevi Aho. Kaija Saariaho's first work for piano solo, “Balladen”, is part of his recital programme. Discography
 Schubert Piano Transcriptions by Liszt, Prokofiev, Busoni and Godowsky.Naxos 8.555997 (2003)
 Johannes Brahms: Sonata in F-Minor; 16 Waltzes. Ondine ODE 1044-2 (2004)
 Kalevi Aho: Piano Concerto No. 2. Lahti Symphony Orchestra / Osmo Vänskä. BIS-CD-1316 (2010)
 Ludwig van Beethoven: Late Sonatas Nos. 30 - 32, op. 109/110/111.CAvi (2012)
 Franz Schubert: Quintet for Piano and Strings in a-major D667 "Trout". Benjamin Schmid, Violin / Lars Anders Tomter, Viola / Jan Vogler, Cello / Janne Saksala, Doublebass. Sony (2012)
 Franz Schubert: Die Forelle (The Trout) D 550. Jan Vogler, Cello / Janne Saksala, Doublebass. Sony (2012)
 Matthew Whittall: Hors d`oeuvre. Sony (2012)
 Ludwig van Beethoven: Triple-Concerto op. 56.Colin Jacobsen, Violin / Jan Vogler, Cello / The Knights / Eric Jacobsen. Sony (2012)

External links
 <mask> Siirala
 Antti <mask>'s North and South American Management Schmidt Artists
 <mask> <mask>'s General Management Kirchner Musikmanagement

1979 births
Living people
Musicians from Helsinki
Finnish classical pianists
Sibelius Academy alumni
Prize-winners of the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition
21st-century classical pianists

masks:
Antti Aleksi Siirala
Antti Siirala
Siirala
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Siirala
Siirala
Antti
Siirala
Antti
Siirala


title: Billy Murray (singer)

texts:
<mask> (May 25, 1877 – August 17, 1954) was one of the most popular singers in the United States in the early 20th century. While he received star billing in vaudeville, he was best known for his prolific work in the recording studio, making records for almost every record label of the era. Life and career
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Patrick and Julia (Kelleher<mask>, immigrants from County Kerry, Ireland. His parents moved to Denver, Colorado, in 1882, where he grew up. He became fascinated with the theater and joined a traveling vaudeville troupe in 1893. He also performed in minstrel shows early in his career. In 1897 <mask> made his first recordings for Peter Bacigalupi, the owner of a phonograph company in San Francisco.As of 2010, none of <mask>'s cylinder records with Bacigalupi are known to have survived. In 1903, he started recording regularly in the New York City and New Jersey area, where major record companies in the U.S. as well as the Tin Pan Alley music industry were concentrated. In 1906, he recorded the first of his popular duets with Ada Jones. He also performed with Aileen Stanley, the Haydn Quartet, the American Quartet (also known as the Premier Quartet), and Elsie Baker; as well as performed solo work. Nicknamed "The Denver Nightingale", <mask> had a strong tenor voice with excellent enunciation and a conversational delivery compared with bel canto singers of the era. On comic songs, he often deliberately sang slightly flat, which he felt helped the comic effect. Although he often performed romantic numbers and ballads which sold well, his comedy and novelty song recordings continue to be popular with later generations of record collectors.<mask> was a devoted baseball fan, and he is said to have played with the New York Highlanders (Yankees) in exhibition games. He also supposedly sometimes called in sick to recording sessions in order to go to the ballpark. <mask> recorded "Tessie, You Are the Only, Only, Only", which became the unofficial theme of the 1903 World Series, when the words were changed from "Tessie, you know I love you madly" to "Honus, why do you hit so badly?" <mask>'s popularity faded as public taste changed and recording technology advanced; the rise of the electric microphone in the mid-1920s coincided with the era of the crooners. His "hammering" style, as he called it, essentially yelling the song into an acoustic recording horn, did not work in the electrical era, and he had to learn to soften his voice. Though his singing style was less in demand, he continued to find recording work. By the late 1920s and early 1930s, the music from his early days was considered nostalgic, and <mask> was in demand again.He did voices for animated cartoons, especially the popular "follow the bouncing ball" sing-along cartoons and the Fleischer Studios character Bimbo. He also did radio work. In 1929, <mask> and Walter Scanlon provided the voices for the Fleischer short animation film Finding His Voice, produced by Western Electric. <mask> made his last recordings for Beacon Records on February 11, 1943 with Jewish dialect comedian Monroe Silver. He retired the next year to Freeport, Long Island, New York because of heart problems. Variety estimated he made between 6,000 and 10,000 recordings in 45 years under a range of different pseudonyms, selling up to 300 million records, a record at the time. He died at nearby Jones Beach of a heart attack in 1954 at the age of 77.<mask> had married three times; the first two marriages ended in divorce. He was survived by his third wife, Madeleine, and is buried in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury, New York. In popular culture
Decades later, "You're a Grand Old Rag", and "Shine On, Harvest Moon", two of his songs would be heard in BioShock Infinite, the former being heard faintly in one of the reveal trailers, and the latter being heard in The Fellow Traveller Pub. His single "Stumbling" was used in the 2016 horror game Layers of Fear. On May 4, 2020, musician John Mayer covered <mask>'s "Just As We Used to Do" with his dummy Cecil as part of his Sunday night IGTV show 'Current Mood'. Selected song discography

"Ain't It Funny What a Difference Just a Few Hours Make"
"Alexander's Ragtime Band"
"Always Leave Them Laughing When You Say Goodbye"
"Any Little Girl, That's a Nice Little Girl, is the Right Little Girl For Me"
"At the Moving Picture Ball"
"Be My Little Baby Bumble Bee" with Ada Jones
"Because I'm Married Now"
"Blue Feather" with Ada Jones
"Bon Bon Buddy"
"Charley, My Boy"
"Cheyenne"
"Clap Hands! Here Comes Charley!""College Life"
"Come Josephine in My Flying Machine" with Ada Jones
"Cordelia Malone"
"Cuddle up a Little Closer, Lovey Mine" with Ada Jones
"Daddy, Come Home"
"Dear Sing Sing"
"Dixie" with Frank Stanley, Ada Jones
"Don't Bring Lulu"
"Everybody Works But Father"
"Forty-five Minutes from Broadway"
"Gasoline Gus"
"Give My Regards to Broadway"
"Harrigan"
"He'd Have to Get Under — Get Out and Get Under (to Fix Up His Automobile)"
"He Goes to Church on Sunday"
"He May Be Old, But He's Got Young Ideas"
"Hello, Hawaii, How Are You?" "I'm Afraid to Come Home in the Dark"
"In My Merry Oldsmobile"
"In the Good Old Summer Time"
"In the Land of the Buffalo"
"In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree"
"It's a Long Way to Tipperary"
"It's the Same Old Shillelagh"
"It Takes the Irish to Beat the Dutch"
"I've Been Floating Down the Old Green River"
"I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now"
"I've Got Rings On My Fingers"
"I Want to Go Back to Michigan"
"I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now"
"K-K-K-Katy"
"Oh! By Jingo"
"Oh, You Beautiful Doll"
"On Moonlight Bay"
"On the 5:15"
"On the Old Fall River Line" from 1913
"Over There"
"Play a Simple Melody with Elsie Baker
"Pretty Baby"
"Pride of the Prairie"
"School Days" with Ada Jones
"Shine On, Harvest Moon" with Ada Jones
"Some Sunday Morning" with Ada Jones
"Tessie"
"Tipperary"
"Under the Anheuser Bush"
"The Worst Is Yet to Come"
"The Yankee Doodle Boy"
"You'd Be Surprised"
"The Grand Old Rag (Flag)"

See also

"Take Me Out to the Ball Game"

References

External links

The Official Website of <mask> Murray: The Legendary Denver Nightingale
The <mask> Murray Pages: Articles, Photographs and Discographies
 <mask> Murray recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. <mask> Murray 1877-1954 Red Hot Jazz Archive
<mask> Murray recording of "The Grand Old Rag" (later retitled "The Grand Old Flag")
Billy Murray recording of "He'd Have to Get Out and Get Under to Fix up His Automobile"
Billy Murray cylinder recordings, from the UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. In search of Billy Murray - interview with Sam Herman, Peter Dilg & Lew Green Jr. on Thomas Edison's Attic radio program, WFMU, May 4, 2004. List of best-selling recordings with chart entries
Billy Murray, Anthology: The Denver Nightingale (Archeophone Records 5501)

1877 births
1954 deaths
American people of Irish descent
American male pop singers
Blackface minstrel performers
Burials at the Cemetery of the Holy Rood
Parody musicians
Musicians from Philadelphia
Pioneer recording artists
Singers from Pennsylvania
Vaudeville performers
Victor Records artists
Vocalion Records artists
Zonophone Records artists
Okeh Records artists
Comedians from Pennsylvania
Johnny Hamp's Kentucky Serenaders members

masks:
William Thomas Murray
Billy Murray
) Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Billy
Billy
Billy
Billy
Billy


title: Kevin Dundon

texts:
<mask> is an Irish celebrity chef, television personality and author, known for featuring on television series such as Guerrilla Gourmet and Heat. He is the author of the book, Full on Irish: Contemporary Creative Cooking and his recipes have been featured in publications such as the Sunday Tribune and Weekend magazine in the Irish Independent. He has also cooked for The Queen and both an Irish and a US President. <mask> is the owner of Dunbrody Country House Hotel, in County Wexford, which also houses the Dunbrody Cookery School; the "signature chef" of an "Irish gastropub" located in Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida; and the "face" of Las Vegas's Nine Fine Irishmen New York-New York Hotel located restaurant. He has appeared many times on Irish, British, Canadian and American television, including The Afternoon Show on RTÉ One, BBC One's Saturday Kitchen, UKTV's Great Food Live, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, ESPN Cable and CBS's The Saturday Early Show. Career

Early career
<mask> was born in Dublin. He worked on a scholarship in Switzerland after finishing school and completing a course at Dublin Institute of Technology, graduating in 1986.He began his career by working in The Old Schoolhouse, a restaurant in Dublin. He then had a job cooking on a cruise liner in the Caribbean before furthering his career by spending eight years at the Fairmont Hotels and Resorts in Canada, at the age of twenty-two becoming the youngest ever executive head chef in the company's history. <mask> returned to Ireland in 1994 and was named the executive chef at Dublin's Shelbourne Hotel. He opened Dunbrody at the age of thirty, four years after this. Recent career
In May 2005, <mask> opened the Raglan Road Irish gastropub in Disney World, Florida. In 2006, <mask> published Full on Irish: Contemporary Creative Cooking, his first cookery book. He began to feature regularly on The Afternoon Show.On 17 March 2007, he featured on CBS's The Saturday Early Show. In February 2008, <mask> featured in the first episode of Guerrilla Gourmet, a television series which had six professional chefs attempt to set up their own temporary restaurant in an unusual location. He established his restaurant in Saint Saviour's Boxing Club in Waterford. Four of the fifty members of the boxing club prepare the food, including pigeon and tomato and poitín soup, in the temporary kitchen. In March 2008, he opened his second American restaurant in Kansas City. In July 2008, the reality television series, Heat, was launched. Two series of the programme have been produced, with <mask> taking on rival chef <mask> in each.He was Heat Champion in the first series but lost the second series to Thornton. In April 2009, he helped launch the outdoor Taste of Dublin festival alongside fellow chef Thornton. <mask> also demonstrated his cookery skills at Dungarvan Town Hall in County Waterford as part of the second annual Waterford Festival of Food in April 2009. <mask>'s TV presence increased with his popularity. He could be seen throughout the 2000s on Today; SuperValu: Best of Real Food Miniseries; Heat; The Afternoon Show; Take On the Takeaway; Guerrilla Gourmet; On The Fly; Home Cooking and Family Food; Hip World Gourmet; You’re Not the Man I Married; and Celebrity “Jigs ‘n’ Reels”; and BBC’s Stuffed. Additionally he made guest appearances on Tubridy Tonight (RTÉ); Ask Anna (RTÉ); CBC (LIVE) CANADA; The Early Show: Shoestring’s St. Patrick’s Day Feast (CBS); Dinner and a Movie (TBS); ESPN; Food Poker (BBC 2); Great Food Live (UKTV); No Frontiers Travel Show; Sara’s Secret (Food Network); Saturday Kitchen (BBC 1); The Panel (RTÉ); The Saturday Early Show (CBS); The Today Programme (BBC 1); and The Today Show (NBC). In 2009, <mask> also hosted RTÉ’s primetime show 'Heat', appeared on RTÉ’s travel show 'No Frontiers' and BBC’s 'You’re Not the Man I Married'.He also released his cookbook, Great Family Food, a number one best-seller in hardback non-fiction in Ireland. In 2010, <mask> hosted RTÉ’s third season of 'Heat', appeared on RTÉ’s cooking show 'Take On the Takeaway' and co-hosted BBC’s four-part series 'Stuffed'. Spring 2013 marked <mask>’s Full on Irish debut throughout North America as Allied Rich launched his full signature Housewares Collection and product website www.kevindundonhome.com. The high quality of the brand captured the attention of buyers worldwide and led to online retail partnerships with Kohl's, JC Penney, Bed Bath & Beyond, Best Buy, Amazon, Wayfair, Groupon, Hautelook, Bonton, Fab, and My Habit. After the overwhelming success of the collection through both online retailers and Good Morning America’s ‘Deals and Steals’, ShopHQ ordered speciality collections both in 2013 and 2014, solely available through ShopHQ, which <mask> promotes live, on-air continuously. Fall 2013 brought the launch of <mask>’s eight-part cooking series, <mask>’s 'Modern Irish Food' and his Christmas Special, 'Christmas Made Easy', both on PBS affiliate stations across America and Ireland’s leading network RTÉ. Its audience appeal garnered network attention, leading to a prime time nationwide time slot on 175 Create TV stations beginning 6 March 2014, 75% of US households!<mask> is featured on Ireland's national airline, Aer Lingus, inflight entertainment on all transatlantic flights and 'Modern Irish Food' will be transmitted on that channel until the end of 2015. With  a weekly column in Ireland's largest selling Sunday newspaper "The Sunday World" and weekly contributions to eight different regional publications, <mask>'s recipes are widely distributed in Ireland. This, in addition to the most recent cookbooks – Great Family Food (by Harper Collins), Recipes That Work (Harper Collins) and Modern Irish Food (Hachette Books) – and his TV show 'Modern Irish Food' make <mask> probably the best known chef in Ireland. In addition, Ireland's other top newspapers – the Irish Times, the Sunday Times and the Irish Examiner – regularly feature recipes and articles about <mask> and reviews of his hotel Dunbrody Country House in Wexford. <mask> is known in Ireland as the Good Food Ambassador for the largest food retailer Super Valu and internationally is often selected as the Face of Irish Food by Tourism Ireland. This year will see him featured with the Irish tourism authority at the New York Food & Wine festival, Austin Food & Wine Festival, Boston ifex and in Autumn as a major part of the line up for the Epcot Food & Wine festival with dinners and events highlighting <mask>'s food from Raglan Road (winner of top restaurant in Orlando award in February 2014). A new book called "I'd Ate The Back Door Buttered, Ma!"from Raglan Road will be published in March 2014. Celebrity clients
Dunbrody has been visited by U2 frontman Bono, President of Ireland Mary McAleese and BBC television personality and actor Graham Norton. <mask> has also cooked for monarchs and presidents, including Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom and former US President, George W. Bush. Personal life
<mask> is married to Catherine O'<mask>, and the couple have three children: Emily, Sophie and Tom. <mask> and his family moved into their third Irish home, a new  house in Dunbrody, in March 2008 after three years waiting for it to be built. <mask>, wife and daughters had previously lived "over the shop" in Dunbrody, in a thatched cottage in Kilmore Quay, County Wexford, and in Beggar's Bush in Dublin when <mask> was executive chef at the Shelbourne Hotel. His favourite room in his current house is the kitchen.<mask> has "a huge passion" for architecture. He collects Architectural Digest and is always reading architectural magazines on aeroplanes. His favourite television programmes include Prison Break and CSI. References

External links
 Official site

  Official Instagram account
 Book review at RTÉ.ie
 Official site of Heat
 Official site of Guerrilla Gourmet

Irish chefs
Irish television personalities
People from County Wexford
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Irish television chefs

masks:
Kevin Dundon
Dundon
Dundon
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Kevin Thornton
Dundon
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin
Kevin Dundon
Dundon
Kevin
Dundon
Kevin
Dundon
Kevin
Dundon
Dundon
Shea Dundon
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Dundon