title: Esther Brunauer

texts:
<mask> (July 7, 1901 – June 26, 1959) was a longtime employee of the American Association of University Women (AAUW) and then a U.S. government civil servant, who with her husband was targeted by Senator Joseph McCarthy's campaign against U.S. State Department officials whose loyalty to the U.S. he questioned. Early years
<mask> was born on July 7, 1901, near Jackson, California, to parents born in California. Her father, an electrician, had left-wing political views. Her mother worked as a clerk, supported women's suffrage, and campaigned for Woodrow Wilson in 1914. The family moved frequently during <mask>'s childhood. She graduated from Girls' High School in San Francisco in 1920 and then attended Mills College, graduating with a B.A. in history in 1924.She earned a doctorate from Stanford University in 1927, financing her education in part with a fellowship from the American Association of University Women (AAUW). She moved to Washington, D.C., to work on the AAUW staff and headed its international affairs program until 1944. Marriage
<mask> married <mask> (1903-1986) on July 8, 1931. He was an immigrant to the U.S. from Hungary, trained as a chemist, who had belonged to the Young Workers' League, a Communist front, until 1927. In the 1930s he worked as a research scientist for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. During World War II he joined the U.S. Naval Reserve and led its high explosives research group.He gained the rank of commander before changing his status to that of a civilian employee of the U.S. Navy in 1944. The Atomic Energy Commission denied him a security clearance because of his earlier membership in the Young Workers' League, but he continued to work as a scientist for the U.S. Navy. The Brunauers had a son who lived only a few months in 1934 and two daughters who were born in 1938 and 1942. American Association of University Women
The Brunauers spent time in Germany on fellowships in 1933, during the Nazi seizure of power. Returning to the U.S., <mask> became an advocate for collective security in opposition to the pacifism of many women's rights advocates of the period. She headed a National Defense Study Commission that published a study of national defense in 1937 that the U.S. Chief of Naval Operations assessed in 1950 as "largely responsible for converting various pacifist organizations in this country and thus making possible an immediate program of rearmament". On behalf of the AAUW, she became a key figure in such organizational alliances as the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies and the Women's Action Committee for Victory and Lasting Peace.She campaigned on behalf of the AAUW for the relaxation of the U.S. Neutrality Acts. In 1941 she authored an attack on isolationism and appeasement, "Relationship of Foreign Policy to National Defense", that said:

State Department
Brunauer joined the U.S. State Department in March 1944 where she was responsible for international organizational affairs. She first worked on planning for post-war international cooperation, helping draft plans for the United Nations and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). In 1945 she served as an adviser to the U.S. delegation at the conference that founded the United Nations. She was promoted to the rank of minister, the third U.S. woman to hold that State Department rank, and represented the U.S. at preparatory meetings of UNESCO and several of its overseas conferences. The isolationist Chicago Tribune criticized <mask>er for her internationalism as early as 1941. In 1947, Representative Fred Busbey attacked her by name when denouncing "pro-Communist fellow travelers and muddle heads" in the State Department.She passed a government security review in 1948. In 1950, when Senator Joseph McCarthy launched the anti-Communist crusade known by his name, he identified her as one of the State Department employees whose disloyalty he could prove. On March 13, 1950, when he narrowed his suspects from his early list of 81, he included her as one of nine he named to the Senate's Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, commonly known as the Tydings Committee, which was investigating his charges. Among her defenders were Eleanor Lansing Dulles, a State Department official from a politically prominent family. and several AAUW officials. Milton Eisenhower wrote a letter in support of her, as did her neighbor former U.S. Senator Joe Ball, a Minnesota Republican, who wrote that <mask> was "perhaps the most violently anti-Communist person I know".<mask> herself had long supported the government's loyalty-security review program. In 1948 she had written:

Testifying in front of the committee, she reported receiving anonymous telephone calls with "death threats and profanity". She said: "My husband is a loyal American ... an outspoken foe of Communism. I am a loyal American. I am not a Communist. I have never engaged in Communist activities. I never had any sympathy for a doctrine which conflicts with the basic principles of our American democracy."The committee exonerated her in July, but she found some of her activities at the State Department curtailed. During her husband's years of federal government service, he had passed four security clearance investigations. In April 1951, while working as a high explosives expert, the U.S. Navy suspended his security clearance to conduct another review. As a consequence, the State Department suspended his wife and subjected her to another security review along with him. Stephen resigned from the Navy rather than allowed himself to be found disloyal or labelled a security risk. <mask> persisted with the review and was forced from the State Department on June 16, 1952. News of her ouster only became public several months later.She showed the press the letter that said the action was based on the fact that she was a "security risk" but did not specify the grounds for that determination. She said she thought the "official reason" was her marriage but the real reason was "political expediency". She said she hoped the incoming Eisenhower administration would review the federal government's loyalty-security program "fearlessly and thoroughly". She once commented on the role of gender in her loyalty-security review after facing an all-male panel:

Later years
After leaving government service, she worked briefly for the Library of Congress and then relocated with her husband to Evanston, Illinois, in September 1952. She worked as associate director of the Film Council of America and then in publishing at Rand McNally and Follett Publishing. She died of a heart condition in Evanston on June 26, 1959. Notes

1901 births
1959 deaths
Victims of McCarthyism
Stanford University alumni
United States Department of State officials
Mills College alumni
American women diplomats
American diplomats
20th-century American women
20th-century American diplomats
People from Amador County, California

masks:
Esther Caukin Brunauer
Esther Delia Caukin
Esther
Esther Caukin
Stephen Brunauer
Esther Brunauer
Esther Bruanu
Brunauer
Brunauer
Esther


title: Bruce Gradkowski

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born January 27, 1983) is a former American football quarterback. He played college football at Toledo. He was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the sixth round (194th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. <mask> was also a member of the St. Louis Rams, Cleveland Browns, Oakland Raiders, Cincinnati Bengals, and Pittsburgh Steelers. His younger brother, Gino, is a former NFL center. Early years
<mask> is a 2001 graduate from Seton-La Salle Catholic High School. He played as a member of the Seton-La Salle Rebels from 1997 to 2000 in the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (WPIAL).As a junior, <mask> threw for 1,630 yards and 10 touchdowns. This performance was then improved as a senior, when he completed 188-of-327 passes (57.5%) and threw for a then-WPIAL record of 2,978 yards and 30 touchdowns (surpassing the previous mark set by Dan Marino). In high school, <mask> also played basketball, serving as Seton-La Salle's starting point guard and leading his team in scoring. College career
After redshirting as a freshman at Toledo in 2001, <mask> only saw action as the field goal holder on the special teams unit. In 2003, he became the starting quarterback as a sophomore and set a Mid-American Conference season record by completing 71.2% of his passes. He threw for 3,210 yards and set a school season record of 29 touchdowns and seven interceptions. <mask>'s final passer rating was 161.53.He proved he could scramble by rushing for 504 yards and one touchdown on 91 carries (5.5 avg). In 2004, <mask> completed 70.2% of his passes for 3,518 yards with 27 touchdowns and eight interceptions and a final passer rating of 162.56. He played in the GMAC Bowl and was named the game's Most Valuable Player (MVP). As a senior in 2005, <mask> completed 62.3% of his passes for 2,469 yards with 29 touchdowns and twelve interceptions and a final passer rating of 146.42. <mask> was the first quarterback in NCAA Division I-A history to complete more than 70 percent of his passes in consecutive seasons. College statistics

Professional career

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
The Tampa Bay Buccaneers drafted <mask> in the sixth round (194th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. After a promising preseason he was nicknamed "The Great <mask>".When starting quarterback Chris Simms suffered a ruptured spleen, <mask> was named the starter going into Week 5 against New Orleans. In his debut, he completed 20 of 31 attempts for 225 yards with two touchdowns as the Buccaneers suffered their fourth consecutive loss. <mask> remained the starter after his first loss and won the next two games against the Cincinnati Bengals and Philadelphia Eagles before losing three straight to the New York Giants, New Orleans Saints and Carolina Panthers. On November 19, 2006, he completed 14 of 21 attempts for 178 yards, two touchdowns, amd one interception in a 20-17 victory over the Washington Redskins. On Thanksgiving, the Buccaneers would lose to the Dallas Cowboys after Gradkowski threw two interceptions and only completed 10 passes. He continued to falter the following week throwing three interceptions in a loss to his hometown Pittsburgh Steelers. His play would continue to decline with losses against the Atlanta Falcons and Chicago Bears and he was benched in the middle of both games.<mask> was replaced in the second quarter against Chicago by Tim Rattay, who threw for four touchdowns in the second half of the game. <mask>, by contrast, had not thrown a touchdown in the previous 10 quarters before being pulled and would not start again in 2006. He finished his rookie season with 1,661 passing yards on 177 completions in 328 pass attempts, nine touchdowns, and nine interceptions. In 2007 during a Week 12 matchup against the Washington Redskins, <mask> came in after the first play because of an injury to newly acquired starting quarterback Jeff Garcia but only completed 9 of 19 passes and didn't score. <mask> was benched the next week in favor of Luke McCown. <mask> had a record of 3-8 as a Tampa Bay starter and set an NFL record by throwing 200 passes between his first and second interceptions. On May 30, 2008, <mask> was waived by the Buccaneers.St. Louis Rams
<mask> was claimed off waivers by the St. Louis Rams in June 2008, but was waived during final cuts on August 30, 2008. Cleveland Browns
<mask> was signed by the Cleveland Browns as their fourth-string quarterback on December 2, 2008 after quarterback Derek Anderson was placed on injured reserve. He was the starter for the Browns' 2008 season finale against the Pittsburgh Steelers on December 28, 2008, after injuries to Anderson, Brady Quinn, and Ken Dorsey. <mask> was waived on February 9, 2009. Oakland Raiders

A day after being waived by the Browns, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Oakland Raiders. On November 22, 2009, in his first start for the Raiders, <mask> threw two touchdowns, matching former Raiders quarterback JaMarcus Russell's total for the season to that point, and led the team to come from behind 20-17 victory over the heavily favored Cincinnati Bengals. In Week 13, on the road the Raiders beat the Pittsburgh Steelers 27-24.<mask> completed 20-of-33 passes for 308 yards and three touchdowns, including an 11-yard game-winning touchdown to Louis Murphy. For his performance in this game he was awarded the AFC Offensive Player of the Week award for week 13 of the regular season. On December 13, 2009, he was injured in a game against the Washington Redskins during the second quarter and was replaced by Russell. The Raiders lost the game 34-13 without Gradowski. <mask> missed the remainder of the 2009 season with a partially torn Medial collateral ligaments in both knees. On March 15, 2010, he was re-signed by the Oakland Raiders for one year. He tore a pectoral muscle while lifting weights in April 2010.In Week 2 of the 2010 NFL season he took over for benched starter Jason Campbell and lead the Raiders to a victory over the St. Louis Rams. On September 22, 2010, <mask> became the Oakland Raiders starting quarterback for Week 3. On November 28, 2010, <mask> suffered a third-degree separation of his throwing shoulder. On December 2, the Raiders placed <mask> on injured reserve, ending his 2010 season. Cincinnati Bengals
Following the 2011 NFL lockout, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Cincinnati Bengals. He was the team's second-string quarterback behind Andy Dalton. After Dalton suffered a minor injury that removed him from the game, Gradkowski threw a touchdown while snapping the ball while the Browns were still in the huddle.He then appeared during a Week 13 match up against the Pittsburgh Steelers, completing 3-of-6 passes for 17 yards with one interception. Pittsburgh Steelers

On March 13, 2013, <mask> signed a three-year deal with his hometown team, the Pittsburgh Steelers. Ultimately, <mask> had very few career snaps with the Steelers. He played in none of the regular season games during 2013. In 2014, he  played in one game. He missed almost the entire 2015 season due to hand and shoulder injuries. The Steelers re-signed <mask> to a one-year contract on May 2, 2016.On August 31, 2016, <mask> was placed on the injured reserve list following damage to his hamstring sustained during the opening game of the preseason. The Steelers released <mask> on October 7, 2016. NFL career statistics

Personal life
In 2017, <mask> became a volunteer assistant quarterbacks coach at Anthony Wayne High School in Whitehouse, Ohio and also joined the University of Toledo's Rocket Football Radio Network as a color analyst. On June 15, 2021, it was reported he would be the head coach at St. Francis de Sales School (Toledo, Ohio). After serving as interim coach for one football season (2021) at St. Francis de Sales School, <mask> permanently became the head football coach at St. Francis de Sales for the 2022 season. <mask> is the owner of Social Gastropub in Perrysburg, Ohio. References

External links

 Profile at NFL.com
 Pittsburgh Steelers profile
 Oakland Raiders profile
 Cincinnati Bengals profile

1983 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American radio sports announcers
College football announcers
Cincinnati Bengals players
Cleveland Browns players
Oakland Raiders players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
St. Louis Rams players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Toledo Rockets football players
High school football coaches in Ohio
Sportspeople from Mt.Lebanon, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pittsburgh
American people of Italian descent
American people of Polish descent

masks:
Bruce Raymond Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Gradkowski
Bruce
Gradkowski


title: Charles Wolf Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (August 1, 1924 – October 24, 2016) was a senior economic advisor at the RAND Corporation (June 23, 1955 – October 24, 2016). He was also a senior research fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and was on the advisory board of the Center for International Business and Economic Research at the UCLA Anderson School of Management. He was a board member of Capital Income Builder and of Capital World Growth and Income, Inc., and a member of the American Economic Association, the Econometric Society, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. He is noted for predicting the economic collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1980s. <mask>’s research focused on how economic forces shape the international political environment and how economic instruments can advance U.S. and Western interests. This way of thinking has been a complement to the political and military analyses that typically dominate these discussions. His research also contributed to the respective competencies of market forces and governments.Career
<mask> served as a Foreign Service Officer with the United States Department of State (1945–1947, 1949–1953). In the early 1950s, he was a visiting professor of economics and Asian studies at Cornell University and an assistant professor of economics and Far East studies at the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the RAND Corporation in 1955 and headed the Economics Department from 1967 to 1981. In 1965 his name appeared on a list of academics involved with Project Camelot. He served as founding dean of the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School from 1970 to 1997; he taught at the school until his death. He died after going into cardiac arrest on October 24, 2016 at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center in Los Angeles. Awards
In 2007, <mask> received the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon, from the government of Japan.He was recognized for helping to nurture U.S. public opinion that was favorable to Japan. Education
<mask> received BS and PhD degrees in economics from Harvard University. Yeh, The Costs of the Soviet Empire, RAND Corporation, R-3073/1-NA, 1983 https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R3073z1.html
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., Don Henry, K.C. Forces and Responsibilities in the Changing Asian Security Environment: Executive Summary, RAND Corporation, R-4095-NA/USDP, 1991 https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R4095.html
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., Don Henry, <mask> Roll, Jr., K.C. Yeh, Market-Oriented Policies for the Development of Hainan: Executive Summary, RAND Corporation, R-4060-NRCSTD, 1992 https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R4060.html
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., Markets or Governments: Choosing Between Imperfect Alternatives, MIT Press, 1993
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., King Mallory, Aiding Russia and Ukraine, RAND Corporation, IP-135, 1993 https://www.rand.org/pubs/issue_papers/IP135.html
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., Developing Improved Deflators for Defense Research and Development, RAND Corporation, MR-165-ACQ, 1993 https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR165.html
Neu, C. Richard and <mask>, Jr., The Economic Dimensions of National Security, RAND Corporation, R-466-OSD, 1994 https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR466.html
<mask>, <mask>, Jr., K.C.

masks:
Charles Wolf Jr
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Charles
Wolf
Charles
Charles Robert
Wolf
Charles
Wolf
Charles
Wolf
Charles
Charles Wolf
Wolf
Charles


title: Michael English (American singer)

texts:
<mask> (born April 12, 1962) is an American Christian singer and record producer. Initially, he was a member of his family's singing group, and later a member of The Gaither Vocal Band. During his solo career, he recorded eight studio albums. <mask>'s highest-charting solo single was "Your Love Amazes Me", which reached No. 10 on the Adult Contemporary chart in 1996. Biography

Early years
Born in Kenansville, North Carolina English was raised by parents Aubine and <mask>, in a town called North East, near Wallace, North Carolina. <mask> performed in his family's singing group, The Singing Samaritans, from 1972 until 1980.After graduating from high school, he joined The Singing Americans, where he shortened his name to <mask>, later going back to <mask>. He left the group in 1982 and joined The Goodmans. At about the same time he married his first wife Lisa Bailey and they had a daughter Megan who was born in late 1984. After that, he joined a regional group, The Gospel Couriers, for about six months until he rejoined The Singing Americans. It was then that he had his first big success in southern gospel music with the live recording of what would become his signature song, "I Bowed on My Knees (And Cried, Holy)". Although one of the Goodmans had brought him the song to sing and record while he was still there with them, the Singing Americans felt the song had not gone as far as it could while he sang with the group. This prompted English to record the track with the group, bringing the song its biggest success.His last album with the Singing Americans, Black and White, was one of their most popular. It featured a single English was fairly well known for called "Welcome To Heaven", but the success of it was possibly stalled when he left the group in 1985  to join The Gaither Vocal Band as their new lead singer, replacing Gary McSpadden, who moved to sing baritone. The change of groups introduced more people to the southern gospel genre. After rising to fame as a member of the Gaither Vocal Band, Bill Gaither encouraged English to pursue a solo career. He signed his first solo recording contract with Warner Alliance in 1991 while continuing to sing lead in the Gaither Vocal Band. His debut effort, <mask>, was well received, ultimately winning two Dove Awards in 1992 for Male Vocalist and New Artist. His first self-titled album was produced by Brown Bannister and featured major Christian radio hits in "Solid As The Rock", "Mary Did You Know" and "In Christ Alone"  He left the Gaither Vocal Band in 1994.<mask> was named GMA Male Vocalist of the Year in 1994. In addition to being named Male Vocalist of the Year, his single, "Holding Out Hope To You" won Inspirational Song of the Year and his 1994 recording, "Hope", was Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year. Scandal
<mask>'s Christian music career abruptly came to a halt on May 6, 1994, just one week after the 25th GMA Dove Awards where he had received four Dove Awards, including Artist of the Year and Male Vocalist of the Year. <mask> learned that Marabeth Jordan, with whom he had an affair, was pregnant with his child. (Jordan sang with the group First Call; First Call and English had just completed a tour for unwed mothers.) Both English and Jordan were married to other people at the time. <mask> was pressured by Warner Alliance to make a public apology, and he was eventually dropped by the label.Warner removed all promotions, marketing, which halted sales of <mask>'s records, and Christian radio stations pulled English's songs off the air. He also returned his Dove Awards to the Gospel Music Association. <mask> and his wife Lisa, who were married for 11 years and had a daughter, divorced. English stayed with friends Ashley and Wynonna Judd during his recovery period, and did not perform gospel music for three years. In late 1994, English signed a record contract with Curb Records to produce mainstream pop music. A duet with Wynonna Judd, titled "Healing" (a song English had originally recorded for his album "Hope"), introduced English to a secular audience when the song was featured in the 1994 movie Silent Fall. Comeback
In September 1996, English released a pop album, Freedom.The album's first single, "Your Love Amazes Me" (a cover of country music singer John Berry's 1994 hit), peaked at No. 10 on the adult contemporary chart but only hit No. 105 on the main chart. At both the 1996 and 1997 Dove Awards, his co-production for album projects by The Martins won Southern Gospel Album of the Year. He also produced albums he had already started for The Stamps Quartet, The Gaither Vocal Band, and performed as a background singer on several artists' Christian albums, as well as demo work. In August 1996, southern gospel audiences re-accepted English after promoter/historian Charles Waller reunited English with Ed Hill, Rick Strickland, Dwayne Burke and Milton Smith as the Singing Americans, before an audience of over 4,000 gospel music fans at the Grand Ole Gospel Reunion. J. D. Sumner also invited English to appear with the Stamps at the National Quartet Convention, as well as the Grand Ole Opry.Curb Records released Gospel, produced by English and featuring his own band with arrangements he had sung in his concerts over the past several years. This album was co-produced by long-time friend Jay Demarcus of Rascal Flatts. Gary LeVox, the lead singer of Rascal Flatts, sang background vocals as well. In March 1999, Bill Gaither invited English to appear at a recording of Gaither Homecoming. Three videos were released from this taping, "Good News", "Harmony in the Heartland'", and "What a Time". In March 2000, English recorded a new album, Heaven to Earth, which was released by Curb Records. Premiering his album on Trinity Broadcasting Network's Praise the Lord, English gave a testimony of what God had brought him through and shared his story about his addiction to painkillers and subsequent treatment and rehab.On August 29, 2002, English married Marcie Stambaugh, a pastor's daughter, in Nashville, Tennessee. The couple has one daughter, Isabella (named after his mother). In addition to touring, English released his autobiography, The Prodigal Comes Home, in April 2007. In 2009, <mask> rejoined the Gaither Vocal Band—making it a quintet—singing lead. 2010–present
On March 4, 2010, <mask> underwent surgery on the spinal column in his neck. While he was recovering, Marshall Hall came back to fill in for two months, and Reggie Smith filled in for one month. With an emotional concert return, English sang again with the vocal band on August 1, 2010.<mask> was inducted into the North Carolina Music Hall of Fame in 2011. In October 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be leaving the Gaither Vocal Band to devote more time to his solo career. His departure was effective immediately. His final appearance with the group was performing "Alpha and Omega" at the 2013 Dove Awards. Since his Gaither Vocal Band departure <mask> has appeared on numerous Gaither Vocal Band Reunion videos and has released three studio albums, a live album and a greatest hits recording: The Best of <mask>.

masks:
Michael English
English
Grace English
English
Mike English
Michael
Michael English
Michael
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
English
Michael
Michael English


title: Ileana Rodríguez

texts:
<mask> (born October 8, 1939 in Chinandega, Nicaragua) is Distinguished Professor Emeritus in Latin American Literatures and Cultures at the Ohio State University, and she is also affiliated with the Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA). <mask> obtained a B.A. in Philosophy from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México in 1963, and a second B.A. in Philosophy from the University of California, San Diego in 1970. She obtained a Ph.D. in Spanish Literature from the University of California, San Diego in 1976. Her areas of research fall within Latin American literatures and cultures, more precisely post-colonial theory and feminist and subaltern studies, with a focus on literatures from Central America and the Caribbean. The aim of her work is to comment on gender and ethnicity and reveal how language reflects the state of politics and society in Latin America.Early life
At the age of five, she migrated with her mother to Mexico City. She studied her elementary and high schools at public institutions, and in 1959 entered the Mexican National University where she studied the first two years of college before coming to study at the University of California, San Diego. Academic career
<mask> obtained a B.A. in Philosophy from the University of California, San Diego in 1970, and a Ph.D. in Spanish Literature from the same university in 1976. She studied under the direction of Carlos Blanco Aguinaga. Her first post as Assistant Professor was at the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, where she obtained her tenure, but she has also worked at the University of Maryland, College Park, University of Oregon at Eugene, University of Michigan, East Lansing, and Harvard. After her tenure she travelled to Nicaragua after the victory of the Sandinista Revolution and she worked at the Ministry of Culture under the direction of Ernesto Cardenal and taught at the  Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Managua.She was the National Librarian and she is also affiliated with the Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA). Academic Appointments
Academic director of the Maestría en Estudios Culturales. Instituto de Historia de Nicaragua y Centroamérica (IHNCA), Universidad Centroamericana, Managua, Nicaragua 2014-2015. Michigan State University; Visiting Professor (Fall). Department of Romance Languages. Harvard University, 2005; Visiting Professor (Spring). Department of Romance Languages.Michigan State University, 2003; Visiting Associate Professor (Fall). Department of Romance Languages. University of Oregon. Eugene, OR 1997; Visiting Associate Professor (Summer). Literature Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. CA, 1997. Literature Department, University of California, San Diego.La Jolla, CA, 1989; Visiting Professor. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Managua, Nicaragua, 1983–85; Associate Professor. Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, MN, 1980–85; Visiting Assistant Professor (Winter). University politics
Latin American and Subaltern Studies; Studies of women, gender, sexuality; revolutions and transitions. Her areas of research fall within Latin American literatures and cultures, more precisely post-colonial theory and feminist and subaltern studies, with a focus on literatures from Central America and the Caribbean. The aim of her work is to comment on gender and ethnicity and reveal how language reflects the state of politics and society in Latin America.Bibliography
Modalidades de memoria y archivos afectivos: Cine de mujeres en Centroamérica. (San José: Universidad de Costa Rica. CALAS. Maria Sibylla Merian Center, 2020
La Prosa de la Contrainsurgencia. Naturaleza de ‘lo político’: ‘Lo Político’ durante la Restauración Neo-Liberal en Nicaragua. (North Carolina, Contracorriente, 2019
Gender Violence in Failed and Democratic States: Besieging Perverse Masculinities. Palgrave McMillan, 2016
The Cambridge History of Latin American Women's Literature.With Mónica Szurmuk. Cambridge UP, 2016;
Imaginario Criollo, Estudios Transatlánticos Postcoloniales. Vol.III. With Josebe Martínez. Barcelona: Anthropos, 2013; Estudios Transatlánticos   Postcoloniales. ol. II Mito, archivo, disciplina: cartografías culturales.With Josebe Martínez. Barcelona: Anthropos, 2011;
Hombres de empresa, saber y poder en Centroamérica: Identidades regionales/Modernidades periféricas. Managua: IHNCA, 2011. Debates Culturales y Agendas de Campo: Estudios Culturales, Postcoloniales, Subalternos, Transatlánticos, Transoceánicos. Santiago de Chile: Cuarto Propio, 2011. Estudios Transatlánticos: Narrativas Comando/Sistemas Mundos: Colonialidad/Modernidad. (Editor, with Josebe Martínez).Barcelona: Anthropos, 2010. Liberalism at its Limits: Crime and Terror in the Latin American Cultural Text. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009. Transatlantic Topographies: Island, Highlands, Jungle. Minneapolis y Londres: University of Minnesota Press, 2005. Convergencia de tiempos: Estudios Subalternos/Contextos Latinoamericanos—Estado, Cultura, Subalternidad. (Editor).Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2001. Latin American Subaltern Studies Reader. (Editor). Durham: Duke University Press, 2001. Cánones literarios masculinos y relecturas transculturales. Lo transfemenino/masculino/queer. (Editor).Barcelona: Anthropos, 2001. Women Guerrillas, and Love: Understanding War in Central America. Minneapolis y Londres: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. House/Garden/Nation: Space, Gender, and Ethnicity in Post-Colonia Latin American Literatures by Women. Durham y Londres: Duke University Press, 1994. Registradas en la historia: 10 años del quehacer feminista en Nicaragua. Managua: Editorial Vanguardia, 1990.Primer inventario del invasor. Managua: Editorial Nueva Nicaragua, 1984. Process of Unity in Caribbean Society: Ideologies and Literature. (Editor, with Marc Zimmerman). Minneapolis: Institute for the Study of Ideologies and Literature, 1983. Nicaragua in Revolution: The Poets Speak./Nicaragua en Revolución: Los poetas hablan. (Editor, with Bridget Aldaraca, Edward Baker y Marc Zimmerman).2nd ed. Minneapolis: Marxist Educational Press, 1981. Marxism and New Left Ideology. (Editor, with William L. Rowe). Studies in Marxism. Minneapolis: Marxist Educational Press, 1977. References

1939 births
Living people
People from Chinandega
Nicaraguan women writers
Nicaraguan academics
Ohio State University faculty

masks:
Ileana Rodríguez
Rodríguez
Rodríguez


title: Willie Weeks

texts:
<mask> (born August 5, 1947) is an American bass guitarist. He has gained fame performing with famous musicians in a wide variety of genres. He has been one of the most in-demand session musicians throughout his career. <mask> has also gained fame touring with many of rock's heavyweights throughout his career. Career
<mask> was born in Salemburg, North Carolina and began playing the electric bass in the early 1960s. His earliest influences were the country, pop and R&B music he heard on the radio. <mask> counts bassists Ron Carter, James Jamerson, and Ray Brown as early influences.<mask> has worked in the studio or toured with a wide range of artists, including:

Gregg Allman, David Bowie, Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown, Roy Buchanan, Jimmy Buffett, Kevin Chalfant, Eric Clapton, Hank Crawford, Robert Cray, Pino Daniele, Bo Diddley, The Doobie Brothers, Lou Fellingham, Aretha Franklin, Vince Gill, Buddy Guy, Isaac Hayes, George Harrison, Donny Hathaway, Etta James, Billy Joel, Rickie Lee Jones, Wynonna Judd, Chaka Khan, B.B. King, Lyle Lovett, Gail Davies, David Lee Roth, Michael McDonald, Don McLean, John Mayer, John Mellencamp, Bette Midler, Randy Newman, Pino Palladino, Leon Russell, Boz Scaggs, John Scofield, Carly Simon, Soulive, Rod Stewart, The Rolling Stones, James Taylor, Richard and Linda Thompson, Joe Walsh, Steve Winwood, Bobby Womack, Stevie Wonder, Ronnie Wood and Eikichi Yazawa. His playing on Donny Hathaway's Live (1972), including a 3½ minute bass solo on "Voices Inside (Everything Is Everything)", is regarded by many bass players as some of <mask>' best work. He played a 1962 Fender P-Bass through an Ampeg SVT amplifier on the recording (though it had initially been reported that he played through an Ampeg B-15). <mask>' contributions to the Hathaway album impressed many English rock musicians, leading to his work with Ronnie Wood, George Harrison and David Bowie from 1974 onwards. In a press conference for his 1974 North American tour, Harrison cited <mask>' musicianship when dismissing the likelihood of a Beatles reunion, saying he would "rather have <mask> on bass than Paul McCartney". <mask> played with Ask Rufus, the precursor band to Rufus with Chaka Khan.He appeared on their recording of Al Kooper's song "Brand New Day". <mask> also played with the Fabulous Amazers and Bill Lordan (pre Robin Trower drummer) in the Minnesota group Gypsy. He also played bass guitar for Michael's Mystics back in the 1960s in Minnesota, with Lordan again on drums. That band recorded "Pain" by the Grassroots, a big hit locally for the Mystics. He also played bass at Clapton's Crossroads Guitar Festival on July 28, 2007 at Toyota Park in Bridgeview, Illinois. Equipment
In addition to his red 1962 Fender Precision, <mask> uses a maple-neck 1958 Precision and a 1964 Fender Jazz Bass, as well as a tobacco sunburst Kay four-string acoustic bass for Clapton's "unplugged repertoire". <mask> used a sunburst 1963 P-Bass during Clapton's 2008 European Summer tour.In 2014 he began using his "WW" <mask> signature bass by Bee Basses. On the 2009 Australasian and British tours, <mask> played Fender, Kay and Alleva Coppolo basses. In 2017, <mask> used a custom made Alien Audio bass made by Charles "Chopper" Anderson in Nashville. <mask> appeared in the films Blues Brothers 2000 (in a fictional supergroup along with other musicians he's worked with) and Lightning in a Bottle. Hideout: The New Day We Step Into

References

External links
 Clark, Doug (January 21, 2007). "The mark of a musician". The Sampson Independent.Retrieved on August 31, 2007. Johnston, Richard (August 2005). "<mask> Does It All". Bass Player. Retrieved on August 31, 2007. (See web archive version)
 Guitar Player. November 1990.Eric Clapton's Fan Club
 Bass Player.com <mask>

American country bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American rock bass guitarists
American session musicians
The Doobie Brothers members
1947 births
Living people
People from Sampson County, North Carolina
Guitarists from North Carolina
20th-century American bass guitarists
Gypsy (band) members
Country musicians from North Carolina
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Willie Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Willie Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Willie Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Weeks
Willie Weeks
Willie Weeks


title: Christone "Kingfish" Ingram

texts:
<mask> "Kingfish" <mask> (born January 19, 1999) is an American blues guitarist and singer from Clarksdale, Mississippi, United States, who became a well-known performer as a teenager. His debut album, Kingfish, was released in May 2019. In addition to his own album, musicians he has recorded with include Eric Gales, Buddy Guy and Keb Mo. He has shared the stage with well-known blues artists and younger blues musicians such as the Tedeschi Trucks Band, Samantha Fish, Bob Margolin, Eric Gales, Mr sipp, Rick Derringer, Guitar Shorty and Buddy Guy. One of his earliest influences is Muddy Waters. Background

Family
<mask> was born to Princess Pride and <mask> of Clarksdale, Mississippi in 1999. His extended family sang and performed in church.<mask> grew up attending gospel performances, and while still young joined groups to play and perform. His mother, Princess Pride, is first cousin to country musician Charley Pride. He listened to and learned from music by Robert Johnson, Lightnin' Hopkins, B.B. King, Muddy Waters, Jimi Hendrix, Prince and others. Musical
<mask> became interested in the blues around age 5 when his father showed him a PBS documentary about Muddy Waters, and at the same time promised they would go to the Delta Blues Museum to learn all about the music. He was taught how to play by Bill "Howl -N- Mad" Perry and Richard "Daddy Rich" Crisman at the arts and education program of the museum. He has also attended Clarksdale's Pinetop Perkins Workshop Experience held every summer.He started playing drums at age six. By the time he was eleven he was playing bass and then he moved to guitar. He appeared on the Rachael Ray and the Steve Harvey shows. By the time he was fifteen, he had received offers to perform and for custom guitars. His early teachers gave him the name "Kingfish". <mask> described how he explained his interest in the Blues to his childhood friends who were interested in hip hop music: "They really thought it was funny, cause it was like "Man you young but you listen to that old, sad stuff." I'm like, "Man, I ain't really like that, I'm listening more for a culture thing, you know?This is history. This birthed what you guys listen to today, because you know rap is nothing but the blues' grandchild." By 2015, he had caught the attention of Tony Coleman, who was BB King's drummer. Coleman said he was playing blues the way it was supposed to be. Bootsy Collins, who had been sharing his music online, commented on how a young child can influence others. Career
<mask> began playing gigs around his hometown while he was still in seventh grade. Not long afterwards he had acquired a local fan base.Local venues he played included Red's Lounge, Ground Zero Blues Club, the New Roxy, Shack Up Inn and the Delta Blues Room. In November 2014, as part of the Delta Blues Museum band he performed for Michelle Obama at the White House. In June 2017, he played at the Jackson, Mississippi Underground 119 blues club which re-opened in spring 2017, after being closed since August, 2015. The club's co-owner Michael Rejebian said the two kinds of bands you have to prepare for were show bands and party bands but with Kingfish, he was sort of the best of both worlds. In August 2017, he was headlining on the second night of the 10th St. Louis Blues Festival. The festival also included Jake Kershaw, the Chris O'Leary Band, Erin Coburn and Jim McCarty and Mystery Train. In October that year, he appeared in an episode of Jazz Night in America which also featured Terry "Harmonica" Bean and Anthony "Big A" Sherrod.Along with Gary Clark, Jr., he was a featured artist on Eric Gales' 2017 album, Middle Of The Road. In 2018 he performed at The Chicago Blues Festival. The May 18, 2017 issue of Billboard indicated that Luke Cage creator, Cheo Hodari Coker selected <mask> along with other acts to appear in a cameo role for the season two of the series. Season 2 premiered on June 22, 2018 with <mask> appearing in Episode 4 where he performed two songs "The Thrill is Gone" and "I Put A Spell On You". In June 2018 he performed alongside hip-hop musician Rakim as part of NPR Music's Tiny Desk Concerts series, where he played "King's Paradise", "Paid in Full" and "Know the Ledge". His debut album, Kingfish, was released on Alligator Records on May 17, 2019. It was produced by Grammy winning musician Tom Hambridge at Ocean Way Studio in Nashville.Kingfish was the #1 album on The Billboard Blues Chart and the #1 Billboard Heatseeker album upon release. Billboard called Kingfish "a blues prodigy." No Depression magazine said the album was "a stunning debut from a young bluesman with an ancient soul and a large presence in the here-and-now." Kingfish was chosen as a 'Favorite Blues Album' by AllMusic. Kingfish was nominated in the category "Best Traditional Blues Album" for the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. NPR Music debuted Kingfish as a First Listen a week prior to release. Writer Tom Moon said, "Astounding playing ...It's almost like he's singing through the guitar." <mask> appeared in Philadelphia at the annual Non-COMMvention on May 16, 2019. Radio station WXPN wrote, "Whether playing delicately or ferociously, <mask>'s every strum is made with passion. That passion for playing was lovingly met by the crowd's passion for listening. They lingered on his every note, and gleefully anticipated the next one. <mask> stretched each of his tracks out, squeezing every last drop of possibility out of them...It sounded like it had been pulled out of the deepest pits of the Earth. <mask> possesses the unique ability to make everything he plays sound wholly natural, but entirely his own.This talent is rare, especially for a twenty-year-old." A video of the song "Outside Of This Town", created by filmmaker Lyndon Barrois, debuted at RollingStone.com on Wednesday, May 15, 2019. Rolling Stone called the video "trippy" and "surreal". In August 2019, Kingfish performed 11 dates with the rock band Vampire Weekend. He has previously toured with Buddy Guy. In May 2020, <mask> was presented with five Blues Music Awards, including 'Album of the Year' for Kingfish. In July 2020, <mask> released a new single, "Rock & Roll", a song composed by the Nashville-based songwriters Sean McConnell and Ashley Ray, which he adapted as a tribute to his mother, Princess Pride, who died in December 2019.On July 23, 2021 <mask> released his second record, and album called "662". <mask> is from Clarksdale, Mississippi and, says <mask>, "662 is the area code. It represents the whole north Mississippi Delta." Discography

Albums

Singles

References

External links
 Music Video for <mask> "Kingfish" <mask>'s "Outside Of This Town"
 <mask> "KINGFISH" <mask> at The Double Decker Festival - Full Performance
 Blues Blast Magazine: Featured Interview – <mask> "Kingfish" <mask>

1999 births
Living people
21st-century American guitarists
African-American guitarists
African-American rock musicians
American blues guitarists
American child musicians
American male guitarists
American rock guitarists
Guitarists from Mississippi
People from Clarksdale, Mississippi
Singers from Tennessee
21st-century African-American male singers

masks:
Christone
Ingram
Christone Ingram
Christopher Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Ingram
Christone
Ingram
Christone
Ingram
Christone
Ingram


title: Albert Huffstickler

texts:
<mask> (December 17, 1927 – February 25, 2002) was an American poet. He was born in Texas and lived in Austin during his later years, contributing to the poetry scene there and further afield. Huffstickler published hundreds of poems in his lifetime in both chapbooks and academic and underground journals. A 1990 Sow's Ear Poetry Review article reporting on an interview by Felicia Mitchell described Huffstickler's natural poetic voice as "an attempt to meld the human voice with the poetic spirit to present a highly charged, story-filled verse." Background
<mask> was born in Laredo, Texas, surviving a twin who died at birth. As the son of a teacher and soldier, he and his two siblings (a brother and a sister) moved often growing up. After graduating from high school, he worked in Charlotte, North Carolina prior to attending, but not graduating from, the University of North Carolina where he discovered poetry.Marriage and children followed as well as various jobs in Florida and Arizona, where he briefly studied Scientology. Drafted in 1954, he spent two years in the army. After completing armed service he returned to Texas where he attended Southwest Texas State University, majoring in English and developing an interest in Jungian psychology. During the 1960s, Huffstickler continued writing poetry as well as erotica, publishing the erotic pulp fiction under a pseudonym. Huffstickler moved to Austin, Texas, in 1964, and the town became his home base as he moved around and travelled. In 1973 he began working at the Perry–Castañeda Library at the University of Texas at Austin, where he remained until retirement at the age of 62. Brett Holloway-Reeves of The Austin Chronicle wrote, "This poet of the road-trip would stay at the university for over 20 years, but his heart still wandered.""I had trouble with work," Huffstickler told Holloway-Reeves. "All my life. I didn't like it. I had trouble with time... and my battle with time, that meant I didn't make much of a living. When I got on with the Library, I made peace with the job situation, but I never really resolved it. I used to be embarrassed about it. But kids now, they don't care.They just slough along, spare-changing for what they can get. They're not ashamed." Huffstickler believed in giving back to his community and helping others less fortunate. While in Austin, Huffstickler began the Hyde Park Poets Series, where he was known as the "Bard of Hyde Park" and taught poetry seminars, inspiring other well-known Austin poets including W. Joe Hoppe. He also did volunteer work in hospitals, including the state hospital, and other care facilities. In 1989 the Texas state legislature honored his contribution to poetry. Working with <mask>, Richard Spiegel and Barbara Fisher included some of his work in their books Dealing with Differences and Service Learning: The Alternative Approach.Late in life, Huffstickler began focusing more and more on visual art, working with various media including charcoal and pastels, sometimes selling his artwork or showing it in local venues. A documentary film about Huffstickler, Holy Secrets by Matthew Listiak, highlights Huffstickler's personality and poetry and includes images of his art. A longtime resident of Hyde Park neighborhood in Austin, Texas, Huffstickler died on 25 February 2002, of an aneurysm. Poetry
Huffstickler believed in the small presses and small journals, contributing hundreds of poems to journals around the world from the underground to the academic. Longtime relationships with Lilliput Review and Waterways: Poetry in the Mainstream led to numerous publications in those journals. Barbara Fisher and Richard Spiegel, publishers and co-editors of Waterways have noted that his work "first appeared in the February 1985 issue of Waterways. Eventually, a poem by Huffstickler would close each magazine, with hundreds of poems appearing in this magazine.Many of <mask>'s books were published by presses based in Austin, Texas. <mask>'s career began to grow when he won the first of two Austin Book Awards in 1989 for Walking Wounded, published by Backyard Press. The second Austin Book Award was for Working on My Death Chant, published in 1991.The Wander Years was published in 1998 by SRLR Press. Fisher and Spiegel also published a chapbook, Soul Gallery. Why I Write In Coffee Houses and Diners, a collection of selected poems, was published in 2000 by iUniverse. In addition to publishing in journals and by small presses, Huffstickler published many of his own poems under his Press of Circumstance imprint, often designing the cover and using his own art. Poems have been included in a number of anthologies, including Grow Old Along with Me: The Best is Yet to Be (edited by Sandra Martz for Papier Mache Press, 1996) and I Feel a Little Jumpy Around You: A Book of Her Poems & His Poems Collected in Pairs (edited by Naomi Shihab Nye & Paul B. Janeczko for Simon & Schuster, 1998).Commentary
In 1988, Richard Lance Williams wrote in The Austin Chronicle about Huffstickler's poetry, commenting that "travelling [had] instilled in him a great tolerance for the diversity of human behavior and a deep understanding of how a rootless life can drive one to insanity." As Williams noted, "his poetry reflect this diversity." "Long or short, elegies or curses, comic or obscene, sad or jubilant, but always in his vocabulary of ideas," Williams continued, "his poems speak to the longing of a human for an understanding of their place in this strange, dangerous universe." After another interview with Huffstickler in 1989, Williams commented on Huffstickler's interest in "the artist's blessing, the curse; why artists have to create because the terror is so great, the universe without them so incomprehensible, too comprehensible...." As he requested in a poem, Huffstickler's ashes were scattered in an arroyo outside of Santa Fe, New Mexico, and by chance or fate, the arroyo turned out to be on Hyde Park Road. As Williams's eulogy concluded, Huff remains "a soul who even now is on a bus somewhere between here and eternity." Bibliography

Books
Why I Write in Coffee Houses and Diners. San Jose & New York: IUniverse, 2000.The Wander Years. Austin: SRLR Press, 1998. Working on My Death Chant. Austin, TX: Backyard Press, 1991. Walking Wounded. Austin, TX: Backyard Press, 1989. Chapbooks
The Certitude of Laundromats.Austin, TX: Jamming Staplers Press, 1995. The Cosmology of Madness. St. Paul, MN: Pariah Press/Heeltap Specials, 2000. Emergency Room. Austin, TX: SRLR Press, 1995. 26 pp. Her.Austin, TX: Aileron Press, 1982. Hindsight, Or How I Survived the Depression. Austin, TX: Liquid Paper Press, 1997. Impressions from Childhood. Austin, TX: Aileron Press, 1982. Learning to Lie. Austin, TX: Liquid Paper Press, 2001.40 pp. Night Diner. A Report to Edward Hopper. Austin, TX: Aileron Press/L'Ecole Whitman, 1985. Pieces of Brandon. A Fragmentation. Austin, TX: Slough Press, 1989.Remembering Huff. Staten Island, NY: Ten Penny Players, Inc., 2002. The Remembered Light. Edgewood, TX: Slough Press, 1980. The Smell of Distance. Austin, TX: Ambrose and Lewis, 1991. Soul Gallery.NY: Bard Press, 1988. Wanda. Austin, TX: Plain View Press, 1988. A Web of Light. Fallen Chap Series #2. Austin, TX: McOne Press, 1990.
Who Speaks My Secret Name. Greensboro, NC: March Street Press, 2001.Press of Circumstance Chapbooks
Alienation or The Billy the Kid Syndrome. 1998. 22 pp. Armageddon. 1998. 20 pp. Cafe du Jour.11 pp. 1985. "Merry Christmas from Huff"
City of the Rain. 36 pp. 1993. Typeset and design by Michael Ambrose
Crossing Over. 2000.24 pp. Typeset, design, and cover by F. Mitchell
The Condition Human. Typeset and design by Keith Haas
Dishwashers and Other Forgotten Angels. 1997. 13 pp. (First appeared in Silent Treatment E-Zine)
The Embassy Suites Poems. 1993.8 pp. Typeset and design by Maria Silvagnia-Macatangay
Fanfare for Lost Angels. 66 pp. 1998. Typeset and design by Keith Haas
Four Visions. 1998. 12 pp.Typeset and design by Michael Ambrose
Gleanings. 20 pp. 1989. Typeset, design, and cover by Felicia Mitchell
The Hennessey Papers. Fiction by <mask> and Mark Smith. 2nd. ed.1996
Hindsight, [TBA]
Hodgepodge. February 1991. 8 pp. Impressions from Childhood. 2000. 12 pp. It's Lonely at the Bottom Too.1997. 12 pp. Typeset and design by Felicia Mitchell
The Lost Poem. 1998. 28 pp. On the Doorstep of Your Heart. 1998.38 pp. McSwyne and the Goddess. 1997. 28 pp. My Last Madonna and Other Poems. 1999. 22 pp.My Mother at 84. 2000. 12 pp. A Layer of Stone. June 1997. 10 pp. "Printed on the Xerox DocuTech 135"
The Man in the Chair.Variations on a Dream. 1997. 9 pp. Typeset and design by Felicia Mitchell
The Old Man. 1988. 4 pp. The Perils of Haggerty.A Dark Fugue. 1998. 48 pp. Typeset and design by Keith Haas
Pieces of Brandon. A Fragmentation. 2nd ed. 1991.20 pp. Typeset and design by P. S. Monear
Quinlen. 1995. 72 pp. Typeset and design by Mark Brimm
A Requiem for Lunchbutt. 1997. 12 pp.Typeset and design by Michael Ambrose
The Ruta Maya Poems. 1997. 32 pp. Typeset and design by Michael Ambrose
Sequences. 1999. 22 pp. Typeset, design, and cover by Felicia Mitchell
She Said.1991. 10 pp. Design, typesetting by Mark Christal. St. Francis Was a Flower. [date] Child Typeset and design by Keith Haas
Taking the Fifth. September 1998. 12 pp.Cover illustration by F. Mitchell
War Wounds. 1992. 4 pp. Typeset and design by Rich Gowen
The Way Things Come and Go. 1992. 10 pp. Illustrations by the Author
A Winter Song for Michele.1988. 8 pp. Typeset and design by Liberty Graphics, printing by Joe Ericson
Work. 1993. Illustrated. 8 pp. Typeset and design by Rich Gowen/Mojo Graphics

Selected anthologies
Grow Old Along with Me: The Best is Yet to Be.Ed. Sandra Martz. CA: Papier Mache Press, 1996
I Feel a Little Jumpy Around You: A Book of Her Poems & His Poems Collected in Pairs. Ed. Naomi Shihab Nye & Paul B. Janeczko. NY: Simon & Schuster, 1998. Multimedia

<mask>ffstickler Facebook Group

References

Further reading

External links
 Huffsticker biography (Archived 2009-10-25)
  Ric Williams's eulogy of Huffstickler
  Austin Chronicle article
  Huff's poems "The Void" and "One Life"
 More poems at Lost Armadillos in Heat (Archived 2009-10-25)

American male poets
1927 births
2002 deaths
People from Laredo, Texas
Texas State University alumni
20th-century American poets
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Albert Huffstickler
Albert Huffstickler
Huffstickler
Huffstickler
Huffstickler
Huffstickler
Albert Hu


title: Sietze de Vries

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1973) is a Dutch organist, church musician and academic teacher. In the context of his international concert activities, he became known for his renowned organ improvisations on chorale, psalm, and hymn melodies in numerous styles and the Genevan Psalter in numerous styles, but most especially in that of the Renaissance and the Baroque. He is one of several organists at the Martinikerk in the Dutch city of Groningen. Life
<mask>' father was the organist at the Gereformeerde Kerk (Vrijgemaakt) in Niezijl, where his grandfather was the sexton. During his school years, <mask> attended the H.N. Werkman College in Groningen. Since 1988, he received organ lessons from lecturers at the Prins Claus Conservatorium in Groningen.The lessons took place at the famous Organ in the Martinikerk at Groningen, which received its authoritative form in 1692 through Arp Schnitger. <mask> studied at the Groningen Conservatory with Johan Beeftink, Jan Jongepier and Wim van Beek until he obtained his bachelor's degree in 1994. At the Royal Conservatory of The Hague followed two years in the organ class of Jos <mask> Kooy, graduating with a master's degree in 1996. There, <mask> deepened his knowledge of improvisation with <mask> Kooy from 1996 to 1998. Since 1994, <mask> has been active as a concert organist. In 2002, he won the International Organ Improvisation Competition in Haarlem..

At the Southern Adventist University in Tennessee, <mask> has held a visiting professorship since 2011. Since 2015, he has been a lecturer in piano at the Prins Claus Conservatorium, and in 2020 he received an appointment there as a lecturer in the organ major, succeeding Theo Jellema from September 2021.Since 2017, he has shared with Stef Tuinstra the organist position of the Martinikerk Groningen, which was held by Wim van Beek for 60 years before them. In addition, he is still organist with a quarter position at the Immanuelkerk in Groningen, where he has worked since 2014. <mask> <mask> is artistic director of the Stichting Hinszorgel Leens, a foundation that promotes young talent. He also directs the Organ Education Center Groningen, which, starting with the Hinsz organ of the Petruskerk in Leens, aims to preserve and publicise the historic organ landscape of Groningen (province). He gives organ lessons, leads organ excursions and master classes. Improvisations in various styles from the Renaissance to the modern are a fixed component of his concerts. As a rule, he adapts stylistically to the instrument and plays in the style of the epoch in which the organ was created.His improvisations present the individual tonal possibilities of the respective organ in the manner of stops performances. His CDs recordings also always include improvisations, preferably in the style of the 17th and 18th centuries. More than 800 recordings have been uploaded on his video channel and in parallel on YouTube (as of 2021). Recently, <mask> started publishing a video-course in organ improvisation. He regularly writes specialist articles in the field of organ building, church music and improvisation and is editor for the organ building section of the Dutch trade journal . <mask> bought the desecrated church in the village of Niezijl and made it his private residence. The organ there by Marten Eertman from 1907 (originally I/p/10) is being rebuilt in several stages into a two-manual instrument with independent pedal in the style of the late baroque (II/P/21).In addition, there are further keyboard instruments, besides three house organs also harpsichords, a clavichord and harmoniums. <mask> has been married to the conductor Sonja <mask>, (née <mask> <mask>, born 1980) since 2005 and has a daughter and a son with her. His wife grew up in South Africa, also studied music and has conducted the Roden Girl Choristers since 2008. Her husband has been organist of the boys' choir "Roder Jongenskoor" and the girls' choir since 2006.

<mask> speaks four languages fluently: Dutch (his native tongue), German, English (fluently), and Afrikaans. Publications (selection)
 with Dirk Trüten (ed. ): Orgelbaukunst. Festschrift für Bernhardt Edskes zum 80.Geburtstag. Verlag Buch & Netz, Kölliken 2020, . Drie orgels van de derde Bätz-generatie gerestaureerd. In Het Orgel. Jg. 113, 2017, No. 6, .Van pakhuis tot museum. In Het Orgel. Jg. 113, 2017, No. 2, . Het orgel in Engwierum. Een typische Van Dam-klank in een a-typische kas.In Het Orgel. Jg. 112, 2016, No. 3, . De restauratie van het orgel in de St.-Maartenskerk te Hallum. In Het Orgel. Jg.112, 2016, Nr. 2, . In memoriam Cornelius Herman Edskes (1925–2015). In Het Orgel. Jg. 111, 2015, No. 6, .Vier Nederlandse nieuwbouworgels, deel 2: tweemaal een concept met zwelkast – Hollandse romantiek? In Het Orgel. Jg. 111, 2015, No. 2, . Vier Nederlandse nieuwbouw-orgels. Deel 1: Twee nieuwe orgels in negentiende-eeuwse snit.In Het Orgel. Jg. 111, 2015, No. 2, . „Der Mensch kann überhaupt nicht spielen“ – Het historische orgel en de improvisatie. In Het Orgel. Jg.110, 2014, No. 3, .
 with Cees <mask> Poel: Het orgel in de Marekerk te Leiden. In Het Orgel. Jg. 109, 2013, No. 1, . Harmonizing.A method to encourage the art of improvising. Boeijenga Music Publications, Veenhuizen 2007. Compositions
 Laudate Dominum. Psalm 150. Spiritoso Muziekuitgeverij, SPM201709010. Psalmbewerkingen in Noord-Duitse barokstijl, <mask>el I. Boeijenga Music Publications, BE1021. Psalmbewerkingen in Noord-Duitse barokstijl, deel II.Boeijenga Music Publications, BE1090. Thema met variaties en dubbelfuga. God heeft het eerste woord. Boeijenga Music Publications, BE3016, . Variaties over Psalm 60. Spiritoso Muziekuitgeverij, SPM201803030. Zes Psalmbewerkingen.Boeijenga Music Publications, BE3015. Recordings
Most of the CD recordings were released on his own label "JSB Records". Dübendorf. Sietze de Vries & Roden Girl Choristers. Bach, <mask>hn en improvisaties. CD, JSB Records JSBD300515 (Dübendorf: J. S. Bach, F. <mask>hn, improvisations). Ein feste Burg.Improvisaties over Lutherliedere. CD, JSB Records JSBB151017 (St. Martin's Church, Bremen: Improvisations). Geneefse Psalmen I. CD, JSB Records JSBR010113 (Grote of Jacobijnerkerk, Leeuwarden: improvisations). Geneefse Psalmen II. Evangelisch Lutherse Kerk, Den Haag. CD, JSB Records JSBR010119 (Lutherse Kerk, Den Haag: Improvisations). Geneefse Psalmen III.De orgels van de Hersteld Hervormde Kerk te Ouddorp en Elspeet. CD, JSB Records JSBR100616 (Ouddorp und Elspeet: Improvisations)
 Geneefse Psalmen IV. CD, JSB Records JSBR010113 (Grote Kerk, Haarlem: Improvisations). De historische orgels in Middelburg. CD, JSB Records JSB072017 (Middelburg: G. F. <mask>, G. Muffat, J. S. Bach, improvisations). 25 Jahre Bernhardt Edskes Orgelbau, 1975–2000. <mask> <mask> improvisiert.CD, BESV, cop. 2000 (Melle, Muri, <mask>, Sack, Clauen: Improvisations)
 Katharinenkirche Hamburg. <mask> <mask> speelt werken van Praetorius, Reincken, Bach en improvisaties op het door Flentrop gereconstrueerde „Reincken-orgel“. CD, JSB Records JSBH011214 (St. Catherine's Church, Hamburg: J. Praetorius, J. A. Reincken, J. S. Bach and improvisations). Magnificat. <mask> <mask> bespeelt de orgels van de Mariendom te Hildesheim.CD, JSB Records JSBH180920 (Hildesheim Cathedral: J. S. Bach, J. Rheinberger, improvisations). Martinikerk Groningen. <mask> <mask>ries. Bachwerken & improvisaties. 2 CD, JSB Records cjsb1216 (Organ in the Martinikerk at Groningen: J. S. Bach, Improvisations). Orgelprobe Martinikerk Groningen. 2 CDs, JSB Records JSBB260718 (Martinikerk, Groningen: J. S. Bach, A. van <mask>, M. Praetorius, J. van Eyck, improvisations).Pronkjuwelen in Stad en Ommeland. Het historische orgelbezit van de provincie Groningen. 5 CD + DVD, JSB Records,  (Martinikerk and organ der Pelstergasthuiskerk Groningen, Krewerd, Midwolde, Zeerijp, Noordwolde, Kantens, Noordbroek, Nieuw Scheemda, Uithuizen, Zandeweer, Leens, Appingedam, Loppersum, Nieuwolda, Zuidbroek, Huizinge, Farmsum, Middelstum). <mask> Jongenskoor. A Babe is born. CD, Westra Media WM 081111 (Organ accompaniment). Roskilde.CD, JSB Records JSBR010116 (Roskilde Cathedral: D. Buxtehude, H<mask>, F<mask>, improvisations). <mask> <mask> bespeelt de orgels van de Southern University te Collegedale. 2 CD, JSB Records JSB0101117 (Southern University, Collegedale: M. Weckmann, D<mask>, J. P. Sweelinck, Susanne van Soldt, improvisations). <mask> <mask> bespeelt de orgels van de St. Jakobi te Lübeck. CD, JSB Records JSBR0101111 (St. Jakobi, Lübeck: D. Buxtehude, M. Weckmann, J. van Eyck, J. P. Sweelinck, Improvisations). <mask> <mask> improvisiert. Kögler Orgelbau.Engelszell, Saxen, Kremsmünster, Salzburg-Mülln, Hofkirchen, Pinzberg, Waldhausen, Haag. 2 CDs, JSB Records SDVK0708 (Improvisations). Te Deum Laudamus. CD, JSB Records JSBR10115 (Stadtpfarrkirche Haag (A): D. Buxtehude, improvisations). Triospiel auf dem Positiv. Die Mohrmann-Hausorgel von Joachim Frisius. CD, MMBCD890 (D<mask>, J. S. Bach, Improvisationen).References

External links

 <mask> <mask> <mask>

Dutch classical organists
1973 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)

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Sietze K
. de Vries
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title: Max-Hellmuth Ostermann

texts:
Max-<mask> (11 December 1917 – 9 August 1942) was a Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. He is credited with 102 enemy aircraft shot down claimed in over 300 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front with eight claims over the Western Front and one over Belgrade. <mask> was of such short height that wooden blocks had to be attached to his rudder pedals for him to engage in tight turning aerial combat. Born in Hamburg, <mask> joined the military service of the Luftwaffe in 1937 and was trained as a pilot. After a brief period with Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1), a heavy fighter unit, he was transferred to Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54).He participated in the Battle of France and Britain before transferring east. He became the sixth fighter pilot in aviation history to achieve 100 aerial victories on the Eastern Front for which he was awarded Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords. He was killed in aerial combat with Soviet fighters southeast of Lake Ilmen on 9 August 1942. Early life and career
Max-Hellmuth <mask> was born on 11 December 1917 in Hamburg. His father was a civil servant in the justice department. Ostermann joined the Luftwaffe as a Fahnenjunker (Officer Cadet) in March 1937 after he had received his Abitur (diploma)—the final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education. His first assignment was with I. Gruppe (1st group) Zerstörergeschwader 1 (ZG 1) flying the Messerschmitt Bf 110 and participated in the Invasion of Poland in 1939.In January 1940 Hauptmann (Captain) Wolfgang Falck took command of I./ZG 1. Falck came to the opinion that the Bf 110 was just a little too big for <mask> and had him transferred to the Messerschmitt Bf 109 equipped I./Jagdgeschwader 21 (JG 21) on 7 April 1940. JG 21 at the time was based at Mönchengladbach and was subordinated to Oberstleutnant (Lieutenant Colonel) Max Ibel, the Geschwaderkommodore (Wing Commander) of Jagdgeschwader 27. He claimed his first of two aerial victories in the Battle of France on 20 May 1940. <mask> was appointed the commander of a Rotte, an element of two aircraft, with Unteroffizier (non-commissioned officer) Fritz Marcks as his wingman. The Schwarm (flight) led by Oberleutnant (Senior Lieutenant or First Lieutenant) Günther Scholz engaged eight French Morane-Saulnier M.S.406's fighters near Amiens with <mask>, Marcks and Scholz claiming one each. His second aerial victory was achieved over a Curtiss Hawk-75 on 26 May 1940.In a head on firing pass two 20mm shells tore off large parts of the aircraft's tail fin, which then collided with Osterrmann's starboard wing. The French pilot was observed to bail out with <mask> managing to make a safe landing. By the time I./JG 21 was ordered to the coastal area of the English Channel the Gruppe was redesignated III./Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54). <mask>'s third aerial victory on 12 August 1940 may have been over Flight Lieutenant E.B.B. Smith of No. 610 Squadron RAF, who bailed out of his Supermarine Spitfire I K9818. Smith was rescued from the Channel and hospitalized.On 8 October 1940 <mask> claimed his 7th aerial victory of the war and 5th of the Battle of Britain. His opponent may have been the Czech Sergeant Josef František who was killed flying Hurricane Mk. I R4175 from No. 303 Polish Fighter Squadron near Sutton, west of Croydon, in the southern outskirts of London that day. The reason for his fatal crash remains unclear. Apart from <mask>'s claim, Leutnant (Second Lieutenant) Max Clerico and Feldwebel (Sergeant) Fritz Oeltjens also claimed one aircraft each at the same time and in the same vicinity. On 5 September 1940, III./JG 54's Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) failed to return from a mission and Geschwaderkommodore Hannes Trautloft temporarily appointed Oberleutnant Günther Scholz to lead the Gruppe.The leadership of 7. Staffel (7th squadron) was filled by Oberleutnant Hans-Ekkehard Bob, who became one of Ostermann's mentors. During an escort mission on 30 September 1940, Bob and Ostermann claimed one Spitfire shot down each. In return <mask>'s wingman was shot down and made a forced landing at Bexhill. He radioed his fellow pilots: "Spinat vier meldet sich ab nach Kanada—Spinach 4 reports off for Canada". His aerial victory on 20 October 1940 over a No. 74 Squadron RAF Spitfire was his sixth—his eight overall—victory over Royal Air Force (RAF) fighters and his last during the Battle of Britain.The following day III./JG 54 was instructed to relocate. Five month later following a long combat pause, JG 54 was moved to the south-east to counter the pro-British coup d'état in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. He claimed his ninth victory over a Yugoslav Royal Air Force Messerschmitt Bf 109E-3, piloted by Karlo Štrebenk who was killed, on 6 April 1941 over Belgrade during the Balkans Campaign. Eastern Front

On 23 June 1941, during the opening phase of Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union, <mask>, in a free-hunting mission in the Lithuanian airspace north of Kaunas, intercepted a formation of nine Tupolev SB's and claimed two shot down in flames. <mask> survived a belly landing following combat with more SBs in south-eastern Latvia on 26 June. On 5 July he claimed three SB-3 Soviet bombers in combat over the Velikaya River at Ostrov. He claimed his 19th and 20th aerial victory on 6 July in the same combat area.On the Eastern Front he claimed JG 54's 1,000th victory of the war on 1 August 1941. He became the eighth member of JG 54 to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 4 September 1941 after 29 aerial victories. The award was presented on 10 September 1941 in Dno by Generaloberst (Colonel General) Alfred Keller. He claimed his 50th aerial victory on 9 January 1942, the 60th on 28 January 1942 and the 70th on 19 February 1942. After this series of aerial victories <mask> was sent on home leave. The reason for his leave was that he wanted to get married. Back home, on his way to his wedding ceremony, Ostermann was arrested and put in jail.A German police officer had assumed that <mask>, with his childlike features, was actually a schoolboy who was playing a prank and illegally wearing a Luftwaffe uniform and military decorations. The consequences endured by the police officer for his bad judgement remain unknown. After he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves () for 62 aerial victories on 12 March 1942 he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 8./JG 54 (8th squadron). His 80th and 81st aerial victory were claimed on 19 March 1942 followed by victories number 89 and 90 on 27 April 1942. <mask> claimed his 100th aerial victory on 12 May 1942, the second JG 54 pilot—Hans Philipp was the first—and sixth overall to achieve the century, though in the same engagement his Bf 109F-4 was hit and damaged. <mask> himself was hit in the right arm and upper thigh. Although severely wounded, he managed to return to his home airfield.Five days later, while in the hospital, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (). The award was presented at the Führerhauptquartier, the "Wolf's Lair" () at Rastenburg, on 28 and 29 June 1942. <mask> was killed in action on 9 August 1942 far behind Soviet lines east of Lake Ilmen. He and his wingman Unteroffizier Heinrich Bosnin were flying at an altitude of  when they spotted a formation of nine Curtiss P-40's. Ostermann shot down the rear P-40. The two were reforming to make a second attack when they themselves were attacked from behind by a group of Soviet fighters emerging from the broken cloud cover. <mask>'s Bf 109G-2 (Werknummer 10438—factory number) was hit in the cockpit by 41 IAP's (41st Fighter Aviation Regiment) Starshiy Leytenant (First Lieutenant) Arkady Ivanovich Sukov flying a LaGG-3.The aircraft rolled over and crashed into the edge of a small wood. After Werner Mölders and Leopold Steinbatz, <mask> was the third of 45 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords to die in World War II. This made him the first Swords recipient to be lost in air combat, as Mölders death was accidental and Steinbatz had only received the Oak Leaves before he died. Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to US historian David T. Zabecki, <mask> was credited with 102 aerial victories. Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 102 aerial victory claims, plus six further unconfirmed claims. This number includes eight claims on the Western Front, one in Yugoslavia, and 93 Soviet Air Forces piloted aircraft on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 10481".The Luftwaffe grid map covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
 Wound Badge in Black
 Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe in Gold with Pennant "300"
 Combined Pilots-Observation Badge
 Iron Cross (1939)
 2nd Class (31 May 1940)
 1st Class (1940)
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
 Knight's Cross  on 4 September 1941 as Leutnant and pilot in the 7./Jagdgeschwader 54
 81st Oak Leaves on 12 March 1942 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 7./Jagdgeschwader 54
 10th Swords on 17 May 1942 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitän of the 7./Jagdgeschwader 54

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

1917 births
1942 deaths
Military personnel from Hamburg
German World War II flying aces
German military personnel killed in World War II
Luftwaffe pilots
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Aviators killed by being shot down

masks:
Hellmuth Ostermann
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title: Hoyt Wilhelm

texts:
<mask> (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed "Old Sarge", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972. <mask> was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. <mask> grew up in North Carolina, fought in World War II, and then spent several years in the minor leagues before starting his major league career at the age of 29. He was best known for his knuckleball, which enabled him to have great longevity. He appeared occasionally as a starting pitcher, but pitched mainly as a reliever. <mask> won 124 games in relief, which is still the major league record. He was the first pitcher to reach 200 saves, and the first to appear in 1,000 games.<mask> was nearly 30 years old when he entered the major leagues, and pitched until he was nearly 50. He retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages, 2.52, in baseball history. After retiring as a player in 1972, <mask> held longtime coaching jobs with the New York Yankees and Atlanta Braves. He lived in Sarasota, Florida, for many years, and died there in 2002. Early life
<mask> was born in 1922, long thought to have been 1923. He was one of eleven children born to poor tenant farmers John and Ethel (née Stanley) <mask> in Huntersville, North Carolina. He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina.Knowing he could not throw fast, he began experimenting with a knuckleball after reading about pitcher Dutch Leonard. He practiced honing it with a tennis ball, hoping it was his best shot at Big League success. <mask> made his professional debut with the Mooresville Moors of the Class-D North Carolina State League in 1942. He served in the United States Army in the European Theater during World War II and participated in the Battle of the Bulge, where he was wounded, earning the Purple Heart for his actions. He rose to the rank of staff sergeant while in the Army, and played his entire career with a piece of shrapnel lodged in his back as a result of the wounds he received in battle. Wilhem carried the nickname "Old Sarge" because of his service in the military. After his release from the military, <mask> returned to the Moors for the 1946 season, and earned 41 wins over the 1946 and 1947 seasons.He later recalled being dropped from a Class D minor league team and having the manager tell him to forget about the knuckleball, but he persisted with it. The Boston Braves purchased <mask> from Mooresville in 1947, and on November 20, 1947, he was drafted by the New York Giants from the Braves in the 1947 minor league draft. <mask>'s first assignment in the Giants organization was in Class B with the 1948 Knoxville Smokies, for whom he registered 13 wins and 9 losses. He also spent a few games that season with the Class A Jacksonville Tars of the South Atlantic League, and returned to Jacksonville in 1949, earning a 17–12 win-loss record and a 2.66 earned run average (ERA). <mask> was promoted to the Class AAA Minneapolis Millers in 1950, where he was the starting pitcher in 25 of the 35 games he pitched in, registering a 15–11 record with a 4.95 ERA. His role in 1951 with the Millers was the same as the year before, primarily as a starter, but also making eleven relief appearances. His ERA came down to 3.94 in 1951, but his record fell to 11–14.Major league career

Early years
Though <mask> was primarily a starting pitcher in the minor leagues, he had been called up to a Giants team whose strong starting pitchers had led them to a National League (NL) pennant the year before. Giants manager Leo Durocher did not think that <mask>'s knuckleball approach would be effective for more than a few innings at a time. He assigned <mask> to the team's bullpen. <mask> made his MLB debut with the Giants on April 18, 1952, at age 29, giving up a hit and two walks while only recording one out. On April 23, 1952, in his third game with the New York Giants, <mask> batted for the first time in the majors. Facing rookie Dick Hoover of the Boston Braves, <mask> hit a home run over the short right-field fence at the Polo Grounds. Although he went to bat a total of 432 times in his career, he never hit another home run.Pitching exclusively in relief, <mask> led the NL with a 2.43 ERA in his rookie year. He won 15 games and lost three. <mask> finished 4th in the NL Most Valuable Player Award voting that season, behind rookie reliever Joe Black of the Dodgers. Jim Konstanty had won it for the Phillies in 1950, and Ellis Kinder had finished 7th in the AL voting in 1951, so it was a time when relief pitchers were starting to receive appreciation from the sportswriters. <mask> finished second in the Rookie of the Year Award voting to Joe Black. <mask> made 69 relief appearances in 1953, his win–loss record decreased to 7–8 and he issued 77 walks against 71 strikeouts. <mask> was named to the NL All-Star team that year, but he did not play in the game because team manager Charlie Dressen did not think that any of the catchers could handle his knuckleball.The Giants renewed <mask>'s contract in February 1954. In 1954, <mask> was a key piece of the pitching staff that led the 1954 Giants to a world championship. He pitched 111 innings, finishing with a 12–4 record and a 2.10 ERA. During one of <mask>'s appearances that season, catcher Ray Katt committed four passed balls in one inning to set the major league record; the record has subsequently been tied twice. When Stan Musial set a record by hitting five home runs in a doubleheader that year, <mask> was pitching in the second game and gave up two of the home runs. The 1954 World Series represented <mask>'s only career postseason play. He pitched  innings over two games, earning a save in the third game.The team won the World Series in a four-game sweep. <mask>'s ERA increased to 3.93 over 59 games and 103 innings pitched in 1955, but he managed a 4–1 record. He finished the 1956 season with a 4–9 record and a 3.83 ERA in  innings. Sportswriter Bob Driscoll later attributed <mask>'s difficulties in the mid-1950s to the decline in the career of Giants catcher Wes Westrum, writing that baseball was "a game of inches, and for <mask>, Wes had been that inch in the right direction." Middle career
On February 26, 1957, <mask> was traded by the Giants to the St. Louis Cardinals for Whitey Lockman. At the time of the trade, St. Louis manager Fred Hutchinson described <mask> as the type of pitcher who "makes us a definite pennant threat ... He'll help us where we need help the most."In 40 games with the Cardinals that season, he earned 11 saves but finished with a 1–4 record and his highest ERA to that point in his career (4.25). The Cardinals placed him on waivers in September and he was claimed by the Cleveland Indians, who used him in two games that year. In 1958, Cleveland manager Bobby Bragan used <mask> occasionally as a starter. Although he had a 2.49 ERA, none of the Indians' catchers could handle <mask>'s knuckleball. General manager Frank Lane, alarmed at the large number of passed balls, allowed the Baltimore Orioles to select <mask> off waivers on August 23, 1958. In Baltimore, <mask> lived near the home of third baseman Brooks Robinson and their families became close friends. On September 20 of that year, <mask> no-hit the eventual World Champion New York Yankees 1–0 at Memorial Stadium, in only his ninth career start.He allowed two baserunners on walks and struck out eight. The no-hitter had been threatened at one point in the ninth inning when Hank Bauer bunted along the baseline, but Robinson allowed the ball to roll and it veered foul. The no-hitter was the first in the franchise's Baltimore history; the Orioles had moved from St. Louis after the 1953 season. Orioles catchers had difficulty catching the <mask> knuckleball again in 1959 and they set an MLB record with 49 passed balls. During one April game, catcher Gus Triandos had four passed balls while catching for <mask> and he described the game as "the roughest day I ever put in during my life." Author Bill James has written that <mask> and Triandos "established the principle that a knuckleball pitcher and a big, slow catcher make an awful combination." Triandos once said, "Heaven is a place where no one throws a knuckleball."Despite the passed balls, <mask> won the American League ERA title with a 2.19 ERA. During the 1960 season, Orioles manager Paul Richards devised a larger mitt so his catchers could handle the knuckleball. Richards was well equipped with starting pitchers during that year. By the middle of the season, he said that eight of his pitchers could serve as starters. <mask> started 11 of the 41 games in which he appeared. He earned an 11–8 record, a 3.31 ERA and seven saves. He started only one game the following year, but he was an All-Star, registered 18 saves and had a 2.30 ERA.In 1962, <mask> had his fourth All-Star season, finishing with a 7–10 record, a 1.94 ERA and 15 saves. On January 14, 1963, <mask> was traded by the Orioles with Ron Hansen, Dave Nicholson and Pete Ward to the Chicago White Sox for Luis Aparicio and Al Smith. Early in that season, White Sox manager Al López said that <mask> had improved his pitching staff by 40 percent. He said that <mask> was "worth more than a 20-game winner, and he works with so little effort that he probably can last as long as Satchel Paige." He registered 21 saves and a 2.64 ERA. In 1964, <mask> finished with career highs in both saves (27) and games pitched (73). His ERA decreased to 1.99 that season; it remained less than 2.00 through the 1968 season.In 1965, <mask> contributed to another passed balls record when Chicago catcher J. C. Martin allowed 33 of them in one season. That total set a modern single-season baseball record for the category. <mask>'s career-low ERA (1.31) came in 1967, when he earned an 8–3 record for the White Sox with 12 saves. In the 1968 season, <mask> was getting close to breaking the all-time games pitched record belonging to Cy Young (906 games). Chicago manager Eddie Stanky began to think about using <mask> as a starting pitcher for game number 907. However, the White Sox fired Stanky before the record came up. <mask> later broke the record as a relief pitcher.He also set MLB records for consecutive errorless games by a pitcher, career victories in relief, games finished and innings pitched in relief. Despite <mask>'s success, the White Sox, who had won at least 83 games per season in the 1960s, performed poorly. They finished 1968 with a 67–95 record. <mask> was noted during this period for his mentoring of relief pitcher Wilbur Wood, who came to the 1967 White Sox in a trade. Wood sometimes threw a knuckleball upon his arrival in Chicago, but <mask> encouraged him to throw it full-time. By 1968, Wood won 13 games, saved 16 games and earned a 1.87 ERA. He credited <mask> with helping him to master the knuckleball, as the White Sox coaches did not know much about how to throw it.Between 1968 and 1970, Wood pitched in more games (241) than any other pitcher and more innings――than any other relief pitcher. After the 1968 season, MLB expanded and an expansion draft was conducted in which the new teams could select certain players from the established teams. The White Sox left <mask> unprotected, possibly because they did not believe that teams would have interest in a much older pitcher. On October 15, 1968, <mask> was chosen in the expansion draft by the Kansas City Royals as the 49th pick. That offseason, he was traded by the Royals to the California Angels for Ed Kirkpatrick and Dennis Paepke. Later career
<mask> pitched 44 games for the 1969 California Angels and had a 2.47 ERA, ten saves, and a 5–7 record. On September 8, 1969, <mask> and Bob Priddy were traded to the Atlanta Braves for Clint Compton and Mickey Rivers.He finished the 1969 season by pitching in eight games for the Braves, earning four saves and recording a 0.73 ERA over  innings pitched. <mask> then spent most of the 1970 season with the Braves, pitching in 50 games for the team and earning ten saves. On September 21, 1970, <mask> was selected off waivers by the Chicago Cubs, for whom he appeared in three games. He was traded back to the Braves for Hal Breeden on November 30, 1970. As the Cubs had acquired <mask> late in the season to bolster their playoff contention, the trade back to the Braves was a source of controversy. Commissioner Bowie Kuhn investigated the transaction, and in December ruled that he did not find evidence of impropriety associated with the transactions that sent <mask> to the Cubs and quickly back to the Braves. <mask> was released by the Braves on June 29, 1971, having pitched in three games for that year's Braves.He signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers on July 10, 1971, and appeared in nine games for the Dodgers, giving up two earned runs in  innings. He also pitched in eight games that season for the team's Class AAA minor league affiliate, the Spokane Indians. <mask> started six of those games and registered a 3.89 ERA. <mask> pitched in 16 games for the Dodgers in 1972, registering a 4.62 ERA over 25 innings. The Dodgers released him on July 21, 1972. He never appeared in another game. At the time of his retirement, <mask> had pitched in a then major league record 1,070 games.He is recognized as the first pitcher to have saved 200 games in his career, and the first pitcher to appear in 1,000 games. <mask> is one of the oldest players to have pitched in the major leagues; his final appearance was 16 days short of his 50th birthday. <mask> retired with the lowest career earned run average of any major league hurler after 1927 (Walter Johnson) who had pitched more than 2,000 innings. Later life

After his retirement as a player, <mask> managed two minor league teams in the Atlanta Braves system for single seasons. He led the 1973 Greenwood Braves of the Western Carolinas League to a 61–66 record, then had a 33–33 record with the 1975 Kingsport Braves of the Appalachian League. He also worked as a minor league pitching coach for the New York Yankees for 22 years. As a coach, <mask> said that he did not teach pitchers the knuckleball, believing that people had to be born with a knack for throwing it.He sometimes worked individually with major league players who wanted to improve their knuckleballs, including Joe Niekro. The Yankees gave <mask> permission to work with Mickey Lolich in 1979 even though Lolich pitched for the San Diego Padres. <mask> was on the ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame for eight years before he was elected. After <mask> failed to garner enough votes for induction in 1983, sportswriter Jim Murray criticized the voters, saying that while <mask> never had the look of a baseball player, he was "the best player in history at what he does." He fell short by 13 votes in 1984. <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. At his induction ceremony, he said that he had achieved all three of his initial major league goals: appearing in a World Series, being named to an All-Star team, and throwing a no-hitter.He and his wife Peggy lived in Sarasota, Florida. They raised three children together: Patti, Pam, and Jim. <mask> died of heart failure in a Sarasota nursing home in 2002. In 2013, the Bob Feller Act of Valor Award honored <mask> as one of 37 Baseball Hall of Fame members for his service in the United States Army during World War II. Legacy

<mask> was known as a "relief ace", and his teams used him in a new way that became a trend. Rather than bringing in a relief pitcher only when the starting pitcher had begun to struggle, teams increasingly called upon their relief pitchers toward the end of any close game. <mask> was the first relief pitcher elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame.He is also remembered as one of the most successful and "probably the most famous 'old' player in history." Although, due largely to his military service, <mask> did not debut in the major leagues until he was already 29 years old, he nonetheless managed to appear in 21 major league seasons. He earned the nickname "Old Folks" while he still had more than a decade left in his playing career. He was the oldest player in Major League Baseball for each of his final seven seasons. Former teammate Moose Skowron commented on <mask>'s key pitch, saying, "<mask> was a good guy, and he threw the best knuckleball I ever saw. You never knew what <mask>'s pitch would do. I don't think he did either."Baseball executive Roland Hemond agreed, saying, "<mask>'s knuckleball did more than anyone else's ... There was so much action on it." Before <mask>, the knuckleball was primarily mixed in to older pitchers' repertoires at the end of their careers to offset their slowing fastballs and to reduce stress on their arms, thereby extending their careers. <mask> broke with tradition when he began throwing the pitch as a teenager and threw it nearly every pitch. The New York Times linked his knuckleball with that of modern pitcher R. A. Dickey, as <mask> taught pitcher Charlie Hough the knuckleball in 1971, and Hough taught it to Dickey while coaching with the Texas Rangers. See also

 List of knuckleball pitchers
 List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
 List of Major League Baseball leaders in games finished
 List of players with a home run in first major league at-bat

Notes

References

External links

Baseball Library

<mask> <mask> <mask> Oral History Interview (2 of 2) - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection

1922 births
2002 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from North Carolina
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
American League All-Stars
American League ERA champions
National League All-Stars
National League ERA champions
Atlanta Braves players
Baltimore Orioles players
California Angels players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
New York Giants (NL) players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Jacksonville Tars players
Knoxville Smokies players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Mooresville Moors players
Spokane Indians players
People from Huntersville, North Carolina
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
Knuckleball pitchers
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Burials in Florida

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