title: Władysław Reymont

texts:
<mask> (, born Rejment; 7 May 1867 – 5 December 1925) was a Polish novelist and the 1924 laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature. His best-known work is the award-winning four-volume novel Chłopi (The Peasants). Born into an impoverished noble family, <mask> was educated to become a master tailor, but instead worked as a gateman at a railway station and then as an actor in a troupe. His intensive travels and voyages encouraged him to publish short stories, with notions of literary realism. <mask>'s first successful and widely praised novel was The Promised Land from 1899, which brought attention to the bewildering social inequalities, poverty, conflictive multiculturalism and labour exploitation in the industrial city of Łódź (Lodz). The aim of the novel was to extensively emphasize the consequences of extreme industrialization and how it affects society as a whole. In 1900, <mask> was severely injured in a railway accident, which halted his writing career until 1904 when he published the first part of The Peasants.<mask> <mask> was very popular in communist Poland due to his style of writing and the symbolism he used, including socialist concepts, romantic portrayal of the agrarian countryside and toned criticism of capitalism, all present in literary realism. His work is widely attributed to the Young Poland movement, which featured decadence and literary impressionism. Surname
<mask>'s baptism certificate gives his birth name as Stanisław <mask> Rejment. The change of surname from "Rejment" to "<mask>" was made by the author himself during his publishing debut, as it was supposed to protect him, in the Russian sector of partitioned Poland, from any potential trouble for having already published in Austrian Galicia a work not allowed under the Tsar's censorship. Kazimierz Wyka, an enthusiast of <mask>'s work, believes that the alteration could also have been intended to remove any association with the word rejmentować, which in some local Polish dialects means "to swear". <mask> was born in the village of Kobiele Wielkie, near Radomsko, as one of the nine children of Józef Rejment, an organist. His mother, Antonina Kupczyńska, had a talent for story-telling.She descended from the impoverished Polish nobility from the Kraków region. <mask> spent his childhood in Tuszyn, near Łódź, to which his father had moved to work at a richer church parish. <mask> was defiantly stubborn; after a few years of education in the local school, he was sent by his father to Warsaw into the care of his eldest sister and her husband to teach him his vocation. In 1885, after passing his examinations and presenting "a tail-coat, well-made", he was given the title of journeyman tailor, his only formal certificate of education. To his family's annoyance, <mask> did not work a single day as a tailor. Instead, he first ran away to work in a travelling provincial theatre and then returned in the summer to Warsaw for the "garden theatres". Without a penny to his name, he then returned to Tuszyn after a year, and, thanks to his father's connections, he took up employment as a gateman at a railway crossing near Koluszki for 16 rubles a month.He ran away twice more: in 1888 to Paris and London as a medium with a German spiritualist and then again to join a theatre troupe. After his lack of success (he was not a talented actor), he returned home again. <mask> also stayed for a time in Krosnowa near Lipce and for a time considered joining the Pauline Order in Częstochowa. He also lived in Kołaczkowo, where he bought a mansion. Work

When his Korespondencje (Correspondence) from Rogów, Koluszki and Skierniewice was accepted for publication by Głos (The Voice) in Warsaw in 1892, he returned to Warsaw, with several unpublished short stories and just a few rubles. <mask> visited the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, and eventually met other writers who became interested in his talent including Świętochowski. In 1894 he went on an eleven-day pilgrimage to Częstochowa and turned his experience there into a report entitled "Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry" (Pilgrimage to the Luminous Mount) published in 1895, and considered his classic example of travel writing.Rejmont sent his short stories to different magazines and, encouraged by good reviews, decided to write novels: Komediantka (The Deceiver) (1895) and Fermenty (Ferments) (1896). No longer poor, he would soon satisfy his passion for travel, visiting Berlin, London, Paris, and Italy. Then, he spent a few months in Łódź collecting material for a new novel ordered by the Kurier Codzienny (The Daily Courier) from Warsaw. The earnings from this book Ziemia Obiecana (The Promised Land) (1899) enabled him to go on his next trip to France where he socialized with other exiled Poles (Jan Lorentowicz, Żeromski, Przybyszewski and Lucjan Rydel). His earnings did not allow for this kind of life of travel. However, in 1900 he was awarded 40,000 rubles in compensation from the Warsaw-Vienna Railway after an accident in which <mask> as a passenger was severely injured. During the treatment he was looked after by Aurelia Szacnajder Szabłowska, whom he married in 1902, having first paid for the annulment of her earlier marriage.Thanks to her discipline, he marginally restrained his travel-mania, but never gave up either his stays in France (where he partly wrote Chłopi between 1901 and 1908) or in Zakopane. Rejmont also journeyed to the United States in 1919 at the (Polish) government's expense. Despite his ambitions to become a landowner, which led to an unsuccessful attempt to manage an estate he bought in 1912 near Sieradz, the life of the land proved not to be for him. He would later buy a mansion in Kołaczkowo near Poznań in 1920, but still spent his winters in Warsaw or France. Nobel Prize

In November 1924 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature over rivals Thomas Mann, George Bernard Shaw and Thomas Hardy, after he had been nominated by Anders Österling, member of the Swedish Academy. Public opinion in Poland supported the Nobel for Stefan Żeromski, but the prize went to the author of Chłopi. Żeromski was reportedly refused for his allegedly anti-German sentiments.However, <mask> could not take part in the award ceremony in Sweden due to a heart illness. The award and the check for 116,718 Swedish kronor were sent to <mask> in France, where he was being treated. In 1925, somewhat recovered, he went to a farmers' meeting in Wierzchosławice near Kraków, where Wincenty Witos welcomed him as a member of the Polish People's Party "Piast" and praised his writing skills. Soon afterward, <mask>'s health deteriorated. He died in Warsaw in December 1925 and was buried in the Powązki Cemetery. The urn holding his heart was laid in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in Warsaw. <mask>'s literary output includes about 30 extensive volumes of prose.There are works of reportage: Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry (Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra) (1894), Z ziemi chełmskiej (From the Chełm Lands) (1910 – about the persecutions of the Uniates), Z konstytucyjnych dni (From the Days of the Constitution) (about the revolution of 1905). Also, there are some sketches from the collection Za frontem (Beyond the Front) (1919) and numerous short stories on life in the theatre and the village or on the railway: "Śmierć" ("Death") (1893), "Suka" ("Bitch") (1894), "Przy robocie" ("At Work") and "W porębie" ("In the Clearing") (1895), "Tomek Baran" (1897), "Sprawiedliwie" ("Justly") (1899) and a sketch for a novel Marzyciel (Dreamer) (1908). There are alsoso novels: Komediantka, Fermenty, Ziemia obiecana, Chłopi, Wampir (The Vampire) (1911), which was sceptically received by the critics, and a trilogy written in the years 1911–1917: Rok 1794 (1794) (Ostatni Sejm Rzeczypospolitej, Nil desperandum and Insurekcja) (The Last Parliament of the Commonwealth, Nil desperandum and Insurrection). Major books

Critics admit a number of similarities between Reymont and the Naturalists. They stress that this was not a "borrowed" Naturalism but rather a record of life as experienced by the writer. Moreover, Reymont never formulated an aesthetic of his writing. In that, he resembled other Polish autodidacts such as Mikołaj Rej and Aleksander Fredro.With little higher education and inability to read another language, <mask> realized that it was his knowledge of grounded reality, not literary theory, that was his strong suit. His novel Komediantka paints the drama of a rebellious girl from the provinces who joins a traveling theater troupe and finds, instead of escape from the mendacity of her native surroundings, a nest of intrigue and sham. In Fermenty, a sequel to Komediantka, the heroine, rescued after a suicide attempt, returns to her family and accepts the burden of existence. Aware that dreams and ideas do not come true, she marries a nouveau riche who is in love with her. Ziemia Obiecana (The Promised Land), possibly <mask>'s best-known novel, is a social panorama of the city of Łódź during the industrial revolution, full of dramatic detail, presented as an arena of the struggle for survival. In the novel, the city destroys those who accept the rules of the "rat race", as well as those who do not. The moral gangrene affects equally the three main characters, a German, a Jew, and a Pole.This dark vision of cynicism, illustrating the bestial qualities of men and the law of the jungle, where ethics, noble ideas and holy feelings turn against those who believe in them, are, as the author intended, at the same time a denunciation of industrialisation and urbanisation. Ziemia Obiecana has been translated into at least 15 languages and two film adaptations—one in 1927, directed by A. Węgierski and A. Hertz, the other, in 1975, directed  by Andrzej Wajda. In Chłopi, <mask> created a more complete and suggestive picture of country life than any other Polish writer. The novel impresses the reader with its authenticity of the material reality, customs, behaviour and spiritual culture of the people. It is authentic and written in the local dialect. <mask> uses dialect in dialogues and in narration, creating a kind of a universal language of Polish peasants. Thanks to this, he presents the colourful reality of the "spoken" culture of the people better than any other author.He set the action in Lipce, a real village which he came to know during his work on the railway near Skierniewice, and restricted the time of events to ten months in the unspecified "now" of the 19th century. It is not history that determines the rhythm of country life, but the "unspecified time" of eternal returns. The composition of the novel astonishes the reader with its strict simplicity and functionality. The titles of the volumes signal a tetralogy in one vegetational cycle, which regulates the eternal and repeatable rhythm of village life. Parallel to that rhythm is a calendar of religion and customs, also repeatable. In such boundaries Reymont placed a colourful country community with sharply drawn individual portraits. The repertoire of human experience and the richness of spiritual life, which can be compared with the repertoire of Biblical books and Greek myths, has no doctrinal ideas or didactic exemplifications.The author does not believe in doctrines, but rather in his knowledge of life, the mentality of the people described, and his sense of reality. It is easy to point to moments of Naturalism (e.g., some erotic elements) or to illustrative motives characteristic of Symbolism. It is equally easy to prove the Realistic values of the novel. None of the "isms" however, would be enough to describe it. The novel was filmed twice (directed by E. Modzelewski in 1922 and by J. Rybkowski in 1973) and has been translated into at least 27 languages. Revolt

<mask>'s last book, Bunt (Revolt), serialized in 1922 and published in book form in 1924, describes a revolt by animals which take over their farm in order to introduce "equality". The revolt quickly degenerates into abuse and bloody terror.The story was a metaphor for the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and was banned from 1945 to 1989 in communist Poland, along with George Orwell's similar novella, Animal Farm (published in Britain in 1945). It is unknown whether Orwell knew of <mask>'s Revolt of over two decades earlier. <mask>'s novel was reprinted in Poland in 2004. Works

 Pielgrzymka do Jasnej Góry (A Pilgrimage to Jasna Góra, 1895)
  (The Deceiver, 1896)
 Fermenty (Ferments, 1897)
 Ziemia obiecana (The Promised Land, 1898)
 Lili : żałosna idylla (Lily: A Pathetic Idyll 1899)
 Sprawiedliwie (Justly, 1899)
 Na Krawędzi: Opowiadania (On the Edge: Stories, 1907)
 Chłopi (The Peasants, 1904–1909), Nobel Prize for Literature, 1924
 Marzyciel (The Dreamer, 1910),
 Rok 1794 (1794, 1914–1919)
 Part I: Ostatni Sejm Rzeczypospolitej (The Last Sejm of the Republic)
 Part II: Nil desperandum! (Never Despair!)

masks:
Władysław Stanisław Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Władysław
Reymont
Reymont
Władysław
Reymont
Reymont
Life Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont
Reymont


title: Matthew Clarkson

type: original

texts:
<mask> (October 17, 1758 – April 25, 1825) was a colonial soldier and politician. <mask> Street in Greenwich Village and the town of Clarkson in Western New York were both named after him. Early life
<mask> was born on October 17, 1758 at his father's residence on Whitehall Street in New York City in the Province of New York in what was then British America. He was the son of <mask> (1726–1782) and Elisabeth (née French) <mask> (1724–1808). His brother, <mask>, was the grandfather of Thomas S<mask>, the namesake of Clarkson University. <mask> was the great-grandson of <mask>, who emigrated to New York and served as a patent official in the 1690s. His father, <mask>'s great-great grandfather, was Rev.<mask> (1622-1686), the English born Puritan clergyman whose sermons included "The Doctrine of Justification is Dangerously Corrupted by the Roman Church." Through his mother, he was descended from Phillip French, the 27th Mayor of New York City. Career
At the age of 17, he entered the Army to serve in the Revolutionary War, first on Long Island, subsequently under Benedict Arnold. He was at Saratoga and, later, on the staff of General Benjamin Lincoln, was present at the surrender of Burgoyne, at Savannah (1779) and at the defense of Charleston (1780). He was also present at the surrender of Cornwallis. After the war, <mask> was commissioned brigadier general of militia of Kings and Queens Counties in June 1786 and Major General of the Southern District of New York in March 1798. For a time, he was engaged in merchant business with John Vanderbilt under the company Vanderbilt & Clarkson.The firm was later closed and he worked with his brother at the firm  S. & L. Clarkson & Co. Political service
When the war ended, Lincoln became Secretary of War and <mask> became his assistant. He served as a Federalist member of the 13th New York State Legislature in the New York State Assembly for one term from 1789 to 1790, where he introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery in the State. As a Regent of the University of the State of New York he was presented at the court of French King Louis XVI. From 1791 to 1792, he served as U.S. Marshal. In 1793, he was elected to fill the vacancy, in place of Philip Van Cortlandt, as State Senator in the 17th New York State Legislature representing the Southern District, which consisted of Kings, New York, Queens, Richmond, Suffolk and Westchester counties.He served until 1795 after being reelected to the 18th Legislature, and resigning before he completed his full four year term. He was also a member of the commission to build a new prison 1796-1797 and President of the New York (City) Hospital (1799). In 1802, <mask> was the Federalist candidate for U.S. Senator from New York but was defeated by DeWitt Clinton. He was President of the Bank of New York from 1804, succeeding Herman Le Roy, and serving until his death in 1825. He was succeeded by Charles Wilkes. Philanthropy
<mask> was one of the first trustees of New York's earliest savings bank established to serve laborers and the poor, The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York.His son-in-law Peter Augustus Jay was one of the bank's founders. Personal life
On May 24, 1785, <mask> was married to Mary Rutherfurd (1761–1786), the daughter of Walter Rutherfurd and Catherine (née Alexander) Rutherfurd and the sister of U.S. Senator John Rutherfurd. Through her mother, she was the niece of William Alexander, Lord Stirling, and the granddaughter of James Alexander and Mary Alexander Provoost. Before her death in 1786, they were the parents of one child together:

 Mary Rutherfurd <mask> (1786–1838), who married her cousin Peter Augustus Jay (1776–1843), the eldest son of Chief Justice John Jay and Sarah Van Brugh (née Livingston) Jay, in 1807. His second marriage was on February 14, 1792 to Sally Cornell (1762–1803), the daughter of Samuel Cornell (1731–1781) and Susan (née Mabson) Cornell (1732–1778). Together they had eight children, including:

 <mask> (1793–1820), who died unmarried.Catherine Rutherfurd <mask> (1794–1861), who married Jonathan Goodhue, son of U.S. Senator Benjamin Goodhue. <mask> (1795–1867), who was President of the New York Stock Exchange, from 1837 to 1851, who married his cousin, Elizabeth Streatfield <mask>, in 1822. <mask>, Jr. (1796–1883), who married Catherine Elizabeth <mask> in 1821. William Bayard <mask> (1798–1875), who married Adelaide Margaret Livingston (1806–1885), daughter of Robert L. Livingston and granddaughter of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston, in 1826. Susan Maria <mask> (1800–1823), who married James Ferguson de Peyster, brother of Frederic de Peyster, in 1822. Sarah Cornell <mask> (1802–1849), who married Rev.William Richmond in 1826. Legacy
On April 2, 1819, the town of Clarkson was established by the New York State Legislature and named in honor of General <mask>. Although there is no evidence that he ever lived in Western New York, he reportedly owned a sizable amount of land there, and he gave 100 acres (405,000 m²) to the town, the rest of his interest was placed in trust for his children. Descendants
Through his eldest daughter Mary, he was the grandfather of: <mask> Jay (1808–1891), a physician and noted conchologist, Catherine Helena Jay (1815–1889), who married Henry Augustus DuBois (1808–1884), in 1835. Anna Maria Jay (1819–1902), who married Henry Evelyn Pierrepont (1808–1888), in 1841, and Susan Matilda Jay (1827–1910), who married another of his grandchildren, <mask> (1823–1913), the son of <mask>, in 1852. References

1758 births
1825 deaths
American militia generals
Continental Army officers from Massachusetts
Members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) state senators
Politicians from New York City
American bankers
Members of the New York Manumission Society

masks:
Matthew Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
David Clarkson
Clarkson
Thomas Streatfed Clarkson
. Clarkson
Clarkson
Matthew Clarkson
Clarkson
David Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Elizabeth Clarkson
Clarkson
David Clarkson
Clarkson
Matthew Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
Clarkson
John Clarkson
Matthew Clarkson
David Clarkson


title: James LaBrie

texts:
<mask> (born May 5, 1963) is a Canadian singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of American progressive metal band Dream Theater, which he has been fronting since 1991. Early life
<mask> was born in Penetanguishene, Ontario, Canada and started playing drums at age five. By his mid-teens, he was a member of several bands as a front man that attempted singing and/or drumming. He stopped playing drums at age 17 and in 1981, at age 18, he moved to Toronto. Career

Coney Hatch
LaBrie joined Coney Hatch in 1986 when they were attempting a new lineup. The band recorded a number of demonstration tapes in their rehearsal studio and performed live in Ontario clubs for several months. When their record company (Anthem) expressed their disapproval of the lineup, the band replaced <mask> with Phil Naro in one last ditched attempt at forging ahead without Carl Dixon.That lineup was to be short lived as well. Winter Rose
Soon after parting ways with Coney Hatch, <mask> became the vocalist for the glam metal band Winter Rose. The group also included Richard Chycki on guitar and bass, Randy Cooke on drums, and Sebastian Bach on vocals. Chycki had also worked with Bach under the band names Sebastian and Hope. The band recorded a series of demos through 1988 and 1989 with guest musicians Bruce Dies and Rob Laidlaw. The tracks were commercially released in 1989 as a self-titled album by Inside Out Music. All the songs on the album were written by Richard Chycki and <mask>, except two which Richard Chycki wrote alone.Dream Theater

In 1990, <mask> learned that American progressive metal band Dream Theater was looking for a new singer, so he submitted a tape and was quickly flown to New York for a full audition. The tryout went well, and he was chosen ahead of 200 other hopefuls to fill the full-time vocalist position in that band. <mask> has since had a significant impact on the vocal melodies on each Dream Theater album, but until recently has had little input on the instrumentation of Dream Theater's music; 2011's A Dramatic Turn of Events features LaBrie in the music credits on three songs. To date he has written or co-written lyrics for at least one song on nine of the thirteen albums Dream Theater has released with him in the band, Images and Words, Black Clouds & Silver Linings, Dream Theater and The Astonishing containing none of them. Asked by Prog-Sphere.com what is his favorite Dream Theater song to play live, <mask> says "The favorite song for me is Scarred, I love performing that live. And... well, Octavarium, that whole freakin’ thing." Solo
With Matt Guillory, <mask> has released five solo albums under various names (Mullmuzzler, <mask>'s Mullmuzzler, and simply <mask>).In an interview from Beyond The Dark Horizon on June 12, 2010, <mask> stated that his next solo album entitled Static Impulse, is in the mixing stages and will contain 12 tracks. <mask> stated "It's very heavy and I'm really excited." On July 27, 2010 it was announced on Dream Theater's website that Static Impulse would be released on September 27, 2010 through Inside Out Music. It features longtime collaborator Matt Guillory on keyboards, Marco Sfogli (who also played on <mask>'s earlier album Elements of Persuasion) on guitars, Peter Wildoer of the Swedish melodic death metal band Darkane on drums and screaming vocals, and Ray Riendeau on bass. <mask> stated "The release of Static Impulse is one that the whole band is psyched about. This is modern metal and as heavy and relevant as any other band out there going in a similar musical direction. There are riffs that will blow your head off and melodies both musically and vocally that are hypnotic.Get in the driver's seat and let the ears bleed. Enjoy and see you out there with a tour to follow up and support this release." In 2011's interview for Prog-Sphere.com, LaBrie stated that the US tour got cancelled, saying "Because it was so disorganized last time. That's why I basically said, 'You don't have the visas yet. Where we're at this point, by the time you get the visas processed, we're gonna have one rehearsal and then we're gonna go out.' And I said, 'I'm not doing that.'" In July 2013, LaBrie's album Impermanent Resonance was released by Inside Out Music.Other projects
Throughout his career with Dream Theater, <mask> has lent his voice to many other artists' records as well as tribute albums. In 1991, not long after joining Dream Theater (and before ever appearing on a Dream Theater recording), he sang background vocals on the song "Life in Still Water" on Fates Warning's Parallels album. He has appeared on many Trent Gardner releases (including Leonardo: The Absolute Man and Explorer's Club), as well as appearing on albums by such artists as Shadow Gallery, Tim Donahue and Frameshift. <mask> provided the lead vocals for the main character in the rock opera album The Human Equation by Ayreon; in 2015, he reprised his role for a live version, The Theater Equation. He was also featured as the character "The Historian" in the album The Source. <mask> is also a featured vocalist on Henning Pauly's "Babysteps" project released in 2006; <mask> plays the role of the arrogant doctor. Since 2004, <mask> has been working with the True Symphonic Rockestra project, along with Thomas Dewald, Vladimir Grishko, Dirk Ulrich, Christoph Wansleben, Sandro Martinez, Paul Mayland, Marvin Philippi, and Igor Marin.Their album, Concerto in True Minor - 3 Rock Tenors was released on iTunes and for download on Amazon on March 28, 2008, by Brainworx and Marinsound. In 2016 <mask> was the special guest on the Last Union debut album firstly meant to be named "Most Beautiful Day". He sang in three songs: "President Evil", "Taken" and "A Place In Heaven". Eventually the album was called "Twelve" and finally released on December 21, 2018. "Twelve" was written and pieced together over a -year period. Personal life

<mask> had said in many older interviews that he was Christian, and actively practiced the religion. However, in 2005 he revealed that he's since strayed from organized religion, and now considers himself "a more spiritual-directed person".LaBrie met his wife Karen in high school. As of 2021, they have been married for 32 years. Singing

Influences
His musical inspiration comes from many different genres, including such artists as Sebastian Bach, Aerosmith, Don Dokken, Metallica, The Doors, Ludwig van Beethoven, Nat King Cole, Queen, Sting, and Muse whose inspiration, according to LaBrie, is shown on Dream Theater's album, Octavarium. LaBrie lists Freddie Mercury as his "all-time favorite" singer, and also admires such singers as Steve Perry, Lou Gramm, Rob Halford, Steven Tyler, Robert Plant, and Jeff Buckley, among others. Reception
<mask> is widely known for his lyric tenor style singing voice. He was voted by fans to #16 on MusicRadar's "The greatest vocalists of all time" in 2010. During his career with Dream Theater, LaBrie's singing voice has received both praise and criticism.In response to detractors of his vocal abilities, <mask> has said, "These people are pathetic and need to move on. I say get a life and maybe work on making your life a better one instead of thinking the answer lies in cutting someone else up to raise your miserable spirit". Food poisoning incident
On December 30, 1994, while vacationing in Cuba, <mask> was stricken with a severe case of food poisoning from contaminated pork and while vomiting, he ruptured his vocal cords. He saw three throat specialists who all said there was nothing they could do except have him rest his voice as much as possible. However, on January 12, 1995, against doctor's orders, he was on the Waking Up the World Tour in Japan promoting Dream Theater's Awake album with his voice far from normal. <mask> has said he did not feel vocally "normal" until at least 2002. He has also said that this era was a very hard time for him as a singer, and depression as a result caused him to consider departing from the band, although his bandmates supported him and urged him to stay.After the World Tourbulence tour, he discovered that his voice had fully returned. He said that his voice was fully healed by time and training. However, while speaking to Greg Prato of Songfacts in 2019, <mask> explained how the incident affected his vocal range. "So, instead of hitting D's and E's and F-sharps and all that stuff, I was able to hit C, C-sharp, and D. But I had to really watch it. I have hit F notes here and there, but I have to really watch it. But that was probably the darkest moment in my life, for sure." Discography
Winter Rose
Winter Rose (1989)

Dream Theater
 Images and Words (1992)
 Awake (1994)
 A Change of Seasons (1995)
 Falling into Infinity (1997)
 Metropolis Pt.

masks:
Kevin James LaBrie
Kevin James LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
James LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
James
LaBrie
James LaBrie
James LaBrie
James LaBrie
James
LaBrie
James LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie
LaBrie


title: James Harding (journalist)

texts:
<mask> (born 15 September 1969) is a British journalist, and a former Director of BBC News who was in the post from August 2013 until 1 January 2018. He is the co-founder of Tortoise Media. In December 2007, he was appointed as editor of The Times newspaper, the youngest person to assume the post, following Robert Thomson's appointment as publisher of the Wall Street Journal. He left The Times in December 2012, and was succeeded by John Witherow as acting editor. Early life and career
<mask> was raised in north-west London, the grandson of a German Jewish refugee. He was educated at two independent schools for boys: at The Hall School in Hampstead in North West London and St. Paul's School in Barnes, near Hammersmith in London, followed by Trinity College, Cambridge (where he attained a First Class degree in history) and City University. <mask> also spent a year studying at Davidson College in the United States.<mask> won a Daiwa Scholarship in 1991, where he undertook intensive Japanese language study and worked as a speechwriter to Koichi Kato, who was Chief Secretary to the Cabinet of Japan, and for the Japan unit of the European Commission. Before entering the media, he studied Japanese at the School of Oriental and African Studies. He began his career as a journalist at the Financial Times in 1994 and two years later opened the paper's Shanghai bureau where he covered the opening up of the Chinese financial markets, remaining there until 1999. Editor of The Times
After serving for three years as the Financial Times''' Washington bureau chief, he joined The Times in Summer 2006 as Business Editor. His promotion to editor emerged in December 2007. <mask>, the grandson of a German Jewish refugee, was its first Jewish editor. The Times, with <mask> as editor, won the Newspaper of the Year Award for 2008 in March 2009 at the British Press Awards.<mask> was responsible for the cancellation, and then re-introduction of the Times2 supplement in October 2010 after seven months, following complaints from readers. With a reportedly unsustainable editorial budget, voluntary and compulsory redundancies were announced in June 2010, along the introduction of charges for  readers for the digital edition. At the end of the previous month, <mask> had asserted that the Internet could "wipe out" the newspaper without a paywall being introduced. <mask> said in 2011 that he "[believes] in the state of Israel. I would have had a real problem if I had been coming to a paper with a history of being anti-Israel. And, of course, Rupert Murdoch is pro-Israel.” We wrote an editorial called 'In defence of Israel' during the Gaza offensive, but we also reported on the use of white phosphorus, which was the Israelis breaking their own rules." He also said at this time that the BBC does not have "a pro-Israel newsroom and it has taken management to get some balance in there".Accordingly, <mask> found this "frustrating because, unlike The Times where you can just choose not to buy it, you have to pay for the BBC." Leveson and after
During his oral submission at the Leveson Inquiry on 7 February 2012, <mask> apologised for the withholding of information from the High Court, without his knowledge, that Patrick Foster, then a reporter on his newspaper, in 2009 had hacked into the blogger NightJack's email account in order to identify him. Richard Horton, then a Lancashire detective constable, the author, had used Nightjack as a pseudonym for his blog on policing matters. He asserted that Alastair Brett, then legal manager at The Times, had kept knowledge about the hacking from him when the newspaper had successfully appealed against an injunction application in the High Court preventing publication and preserving Horton's privacy. Apologising also to Horton and Mr Justice Eady, who had sat at the hearing, <mask> said that he only learned of the newspaper's action after the court hearing in June 2009 had taken place.<ref>Andrew Pugh "The Times and NightJack - the whole 'terrible' story" , Press Gazette, 8 February 2012</ref>

Post-Leveson, <mask> took on the role of negotiating with Oliver Letwin, who as Minister of State at the Cabinet Office was the Prime Minister David Cameron's representative, with the proposal of a new supervisory model for press regulation backed by a Royal charter. In an article for The Times published on 27 November 2012, he advocated a system of independent regulation, in place of the discredited system of self-regulation, and rejected statutory regulation of the press: "We must [reform] in a way that keeps Parliament and the press apart." <mask> also wrote: "The failure of News International to get to grips with what had happened at one of its newspapers suggested that the company had succumbed to that most dangerous delusion of the powerful, namely that it could play by its own set of rules."Coming from this corporate source, Roy Greenslade thought <mask>'s suggestion was a "significant innovation". Departure from The Times
<mask> left The Times at the end of 2012 after it had become apparent that he no longer had the support of Rupert Murdoch, or the board. It was reported in The Daily Telegraph that Murdoch had objected to the way The Times had covered the News International phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World, and also that <mask> appeared to be an obstacle to the company's intention to merge the daily and Sunday titles into a seven-day operation. It was also reported at the time that Murdoch considered <mask> an "ineffective manager". His final communication to his staff, was interpreted as indicating that he had not chosen to leave his post as editor. He commented in July 2013, that if a "proprietor had a different view of things from the editor, I understand that the proprietor is not leaving". In November 2017, Lord Puttnam, in evidence to the Competition and Markets Authority over Fox's bid to wholly own Sky, said <mask> had been removed because The Times had backed President Obama in the 2012 presidential election.Head of BBC News
On 16 April 2013 his appointment as the new head of BBC News was announced, a post formerly held by Helen Boaden, although he did not formally take up the role until August 2014. In relation to his previous editorship of The Times, a commercial rival to the BBC, Ian Burrell of The Independent asserted that The Times "was among the most strident" of the BBC's critics during <mask>'s tenure. In his first speech to staff on 4 December 2014, <mask> affirmed that the BBC should not avoid investigative journalism after controversies of previous years. On 10 October 2017 it was announced that <mask> would step down as head of BBC News on 1 January 2018. He was succeeded by Fran Unsworth. <mask> was later reported to be working on a "new media venture" which he named Tortoise. As of January 2021, the outlet has nearly 50,000 paid-for subscribers

Other activities
<mask>'s book Alpha Dogs was published in spring 2008.<mask> speaks English, French, German, Japanese and Mandarin. He delivered the annual Cudlipp Lecture in March 2018. References

1969 births
Living people
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
BBC executives
BBC News people
BBC people
British Jews
British newspaper editors
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
People educated at The Hall School, Hampstead
People educated at St Paul's School, London
The Times people

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James Paul Harding
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title: Oscar Zeta Acosta

texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (; April 8, 1935 – disappeared 1974) was a Mexican-American attorney, politician, novelist and activist in the Chicano Movement. He was most well known for his novels Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo (1972) and The Revolt of the Cockroach People (1973), and for his friendship with American author Hunter S. Thompson. Thompson characterized him as a heavyweight Samoan attorney, Dr. Gonzo, in his 1971 novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. <mask> disappeared in 1974 during a trip in Mexico and is presumed dead. Life and career
<mask> was born in El Paso, Texas, to Manuel and Juanita (née Fierro) <mask>, from Mexico and El Paso, respectively. He was the third child born but second to survive childhood. <mask> had an older brother, Roberto, born in 1934.After the family moved to California, the children were raised in the small San Joaquin Valley rural community of Riverbank, near Modesto. <mask>'s father was drafted during World War II. After finishing high school, <mask> joined the United States Air Force. Following his discharge, he worked his way through Modesto Junior College. <mask> went on to San Francisco State University where he studied creative writing, becoming the first member of his family to get a college education. He attended night classes at San Francisco Law School and passed the state bar exam in 1966. In 1967, <mask> began working locally as an antipoverty attorney for the East Oakland Legal Aid Society.In 1968, <mask> moved to East Los Angeles and joined the Chicano Movement as an activist attorney, defending Chicano groups and activists. He represented the Chicano 13 of the East L.A. walkouts, members of the Brown Berets, Rodolfo Gonzales, and other residents of the East L.A. barrio. <mask>'s controversial defenses earned him the ire of the Los Angeles Police Department, who often followed and harassed him. In 1970, he ran for sheriff of Los Angeles County against Peter J. Pitchess, and received more than 100,000 votes. During the campaign, <mask> was jailed for two days for contempt of court. He vowed that if elected, he would do away with the Sheriff's Department as it was then constituted. Known for loud ties and a flowered attaché case with a Chicano Power sticker, <mask> lost to Pitchess' 1.3 million votes but beat Everett Holladay, chief of police of Monterey Park.In 1972, <mask> published his first novel, Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo, about a lawyer fighting for the rights of a marginalized people. In 1973, he published The Revolt of the Cockroach People, a fictionalized version of the 1970 Chicano Moratorium as well as an account of the death of Los Angeles Times columnist Rubén Salazar. Friendship with Hunter S. Thompson
In the summer of 1967, <mask> met author Hunter S. Thompson. In 1971, Thompson wrote an article on <mask> and the injustice in the barrios of East Los Angeles, as well as the death of Salazar, for Rolling Stone magazine, titled "Strange Rumblings in Aztlan". While working on the article, Thompson and <mask> decided that a trip to Las Vegas, Nevada, was in order, so that they could freely discuss the subject matter of the article away from any police supervision. Thompson wrote about this trip in his 1971 novel Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. The legal department of the publisher of Fear and Loathing said the book could not be published without clearance by <mask>, as references to him were recognizable.<mask> initially refused the clearance, saying that he was insulted by Thompson's alteration of his race—Thompson had described him as a "300-pound Samoan." He understood, however, that inserting his real name and race would necessitate extensive rewriting and delay publication of the book, so he promised clearance provided that his name and picture would appear on the dustjacket. Despite the strained relations before and after the publication of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, <mask> and Thompson maintained their friendship until <mask>'s disappearance. Disappearance
In May 1974, <mask> disappeared while traveling in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. His son, <mask>, believes that he was the last person to talk to his father. <mask> telephoned his son from Mazatlán, telling him that he was "about to board a boat full of white snow." Marco is later quoted in reference to his father's disappearance: "The body was never found, but we surmise that probably, knowing the people he was involved with, he ended up mouthing off, getting into a fight, and getting killed."In 1977, Thompson's investigation of <mask>'s disappearance, titled "The Banshee Screams For Buffalo Meat," was published in Rolling Stone. According to Thompson, <mask> was a powerful attorney and spokesman, but suffered from an addiction to amphetamines and had a predilection for LSD. Thompson wrote that he believed <mask> was either murdered by drug dealers or was the victim of a political assassination. Others have speculated that <mask>ta

Motion pictures
The film Where the Buffalo Roam (1980) loosely depicts <mask>'s life and his relationship with Thompson. Its name is derived from Thompson's article about <mask>, "The Banshee Screams for Buffalo Meat," in reference to <mask>'s book Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo. Actor Peter Boyle portrayed <mask>, whose character is named "Carl Lazlo, Esquire" and Bill Murray portrayed Thompson.Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998) is a film adaptation of Thompson's 1971 novel of the same name, a fictionalized account of Thompson and <mask>'s trip to Las Vegas in 1971. Benicio del Toro portrays <mask>, referred to in the film and novel as "Dr. Gonzo," while Johnny Depp portrayed Thompson (under the alias of Raoul Duke). The Rise and Fall of the Brown Buffalo (2017) is a documentary of the life and career of <mask> with dramatic reenactments. The documentary was directed by Phillip Rodriguez and produced by Benicio del Toro. See also
 American literature in Spanish
 Latino literature
 List of people who disappeared

References

Further reading
Autobiography of a Brown Buffalo (1972),  (Random House)
The Revolt of the Cockroach People (1973),  (Knopf)
<mask>" <mask>: the uncollected works. Ilan Stavans, editor. (1996) (Arte Público Press)
Hospitable Imaginations: Contemporary Latino/a Literature and the Pursuit of a Readership, a dissertation on <mask> "<mask><mask> within the context of Gloria Anzaldúa, Piri Thomas, Giannina Braschi, Sandra Cisneros, Junot Díaz, and Gilbert Hernandez.Christopher Thomas Gonzalez (2012), OhioLink. "Thompson's and <mask>'s Collaborative Creation of the Gonzo Narrative Style", Shimberlee Jirón-King. Comparative Literature and Culture, Vol 10, Issue 1, Purdue University, 2008. The Great Shark Hunt: Strange Tales from a Strange Time. Hunter S. Thompson (1979), Ballantine Books,

External links

"Guide to the Acosta Papers" at the California Ethnic and Multicultural Archives

1935 births
1970s missing person cases
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American novelists
Activists for Hispanic and Latino American civil rights
20th-century American activists
American male non-fiction writers
American male novelists
American politicians of Mexican descent
American writers of Mexican descent
California lawyers
Drug culture
Hispanic and Latino American autobiographers
American autobiographers
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
Hunter S. Thompson
Missing people
Missing person cases in Mexico
People declared dead in absentia
People from El Paso, Texas
People from Modesto, California
People from Stanislaus County, California
Postmodern writers
San Francisco Law School alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
United States Air Force airmen
Writers from California

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title: Christopher Harrison

texts:
<mask> (1780–1868) was the first Lieutenant Governor of Indiana, serving with Governor Jonathan Jennings. <mask> was briefly acting governor while Jennings' was conducting negotiation with the native tribes in northern Indiana, and later resigned from office over a dispute with Jennings. <mask> became a Quaker in his later life and freed all the slaves he inherited from his family. He lived a long life for his era, and died at age 88. There is no known relationship between <mask> and an early territorial governor of Indiana, <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in Cambridge, Maryland sometime around 1780, the son of Colonel <mask> and Milcah Gale who were important and wealthy land owners. He attended St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.After his graduation <mask> worked as a clerk for William Patterson, the president of the Bank of Baltimore and became a tutor for Patterson's daughter, Elizabeth. Hoosier tradition holds that <mask> courted Elizabeth and she at one point promised to marry him. However the match was opposed by her father who forced her to break off the engagement. <mask> secretly continued to carry on a love affair with Elizabeth for some time. In 1803, Elizabeth was introduced to Jérôme Bonaparte who was visiting Baltimore with the French Ambassador. Elizabeth eventually married Jérôme Bonaparte by whom she had a child. After a brief marriage Jerome abandoned Elizabeth at the request of his brother Napoleon Bonaparte, the Emperor of the French.<mask> considered his reputation tarnished from this affair and he left Maryland and moved to Indiana around 1808. He settled near Hanover, Indiana where he lived for five years as a hermit in his cabin with only a dog for company. As settlers begin to move into the territory, <mask> began to emerge from his hermitage. He was one of the founding investors of 1814 to establish the Farmers and Mechanics Bank, located in Madison, one of the first two banks in Indiana Territory. He sold his cabin in 1815 to George Logan and moved to Salem, Indiana where he opened a business in partnership with Jonathan Lyons selling dry goods. He served a one year term as Judge of Washington County on the circuit court of the Indiana Territory. Political career
In 1816, Jonathan Jennings was elected as Governor of Indiana, and he had convinced <mask> to run as his Lieutenant Governor.<mask> won the election defeating John Vawter and becoming Lieutenant Governor of Indiana. In 1817, <mask> became one of the founding members of the Grand Lodge of Indiana. In 1818, Jennings left the capitol to conduct negotiations on behalf of the federal government with the native tribes in northern Indiana. While he was gone, <mask> was left as acting governor. <mask> became involved in a scandal when Jennings returned by refusing to vacate the governorship, claiming Jennings' actions had violated the state constitution and that Jennings was no longer eligible to be governor. The constitution forbade members of the state government to hold any position in the federal government at the same time. <mask> seized the state seal and setup his own governor's office from where he attempted to run the state.After a brief period of wrangling in the state legislature, the impeachment proceedings against Jennings failed and <mask> was forced to vacate the governors position and it was returned to Jennings. <mask> became very angry with the outcome and promptly resigned his position as governor in a brief letter stating: "As the officers of the executive department of government and the General Assembly have refused to recognize and acknowledge that authority which according to my understanding is constitutionally attached to the office the name itself in my estimation is not worth retaining." The legislature accepted his resignation and passed a resolution stating: "That the House of Representatives view the conduct and deportment of Lieutenant Governor <mask> as both dignified and correct during the late investigation of the differences existing in the executive department of this State." <mask> ran against Jennings in the 1819 campaign for governor, but was soundly  defeated 9,168–2,088. Jennings was conciliatory towards <mask>, and in 1821 <mask> was appointed as a member of the committee who platted Indianapolis for the new state capitol. <mask> was the only member of the commission who arrived on time to the location that was sixty miles into the wilderness. The other commissioners were long delayed in reaching the site, and <mask>, being a practical man, decided he formed a majority of the present commissioners and voted to begin laying out the town without them.He choose Alexander Ralston, who had been an assistant to Pierre Charles L’Enfant, to survey the site. In 1824 <mask> was again part of a commission that studied the possibility of building a canal around the Falls of the Ohio near Clarksville, Indiana. The commission ended after creating a report and a canal was built on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River using federal funds before Indiana could begin construction. Later life
After his short public career <mask> returned to Salem. There <mask> lived a relatively reclusive life. His home was known in the community for his many flowers, and his friendliness to the local children. <mask> was also an artist and he created many works of art including several portraits of several early Hoosiers.Some of his portraits are on display in the Indiana State Library and in the Indiana State Museum. Sometime after his father's death in 1802, <mask> sold his land in Salem on January 10, 1834 and returned to Maryland where he inherited his family's plantation which he maintained with his sister, <mask> Skinner, for several years. Upon taking ownership <mask> freed all of his family's slaves. <mask> joined a Quaker church during the 1840s. <mask> died at age 88 in 1868 in Talbot County, Maryland. <mask> never married. See also

History of Indiana

References

1868 deaths
American Quakers
Converts to Quakerism
Lieutenant Governors of Indiana
People from Cambridge, Maryland
1780 births
19th-century American politicians

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Christopher Harrison
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Robert Harrison
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title: Archibald Alexander

texts:
<mask> (April 17, 1772 – October 22, 1851) was an American Presbyterian theologian and professor at the Princeton Theological Seminary. He served for 9 years as the President of Hampden–Sydney College in Virginia and for 39 years as Princeton Theological Seminary's first professor from 1812 to 1851. Early life
<mask> was born at South River, Rockbridge County, Virginia, on April 17, 1772, son of <mask>, a farmer of means. He was raised under the tuition and ministry of Presbyterian minister William Graham (1745–1799), a man who had been trained in theology by John Witherspoon. His grandfather, of Scottish descent, came from Ireland to Pennsylvania in 1736, and after a residence of two years removed to Virginia. William, father of <mask>, was a farmer and trader. His nephew was the American novelist <mask> (1802–1846).At the age of ten <mask> was sent to the academy of William Graham at Timber Ridge meetinghouse (since developed into Washington and Lee University), at Lexington. At the age of seventeen he became a tutor in the family of General Thomas Posey, of The Wilderness, twelve miles west of Fredericksburg, but after a few months resumed his studies with his former teacher. At this time a remarkable movement, still spoken of as "the great revival," influenced his mind and he turned his attention to the study of divinity. Career
On October 1, 1791, he was licensed to preach, ordained by the presbytery of Hanover on June 9, 1794, and for seven years was an itinerant pastor in Charlotte and Prince Edward counties. By the time he was 21, <mask> was a preacher of the Presbyterian Church. He was appointed the president of Hampden–Sydney College, where he served from 1797 until a revolt among the students forced him to retire in 1806, and from 1807 to 1812 he was acted as pastor of the old Vine street Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. The Princeton Theological Seminary was established at Princeton, New Jersey in 1812 and <mask> was appointed its first professor, inaugurated on August 12, 1812.In 1824, he helped to found the Chi Phi Society along with Robert Baird and Charles Hodge. In 1843, he returned to Washington College to deliver an alumni address, which was one of his many publications. <mask> was one of the earliest supporters of the American Colonization Society that arranged the emigration of free Black and enslaved Black Americans to Liberia. In 1827, he and his close friend Samuel Miller defended the organization's mission against attacks by John Brown Russwurm in Russwurm's paper, Freedom's Journal. He later served as the Colonization Society's vice president and wrote the most comprehensive history of the movement written before the twentieth century, A History of Colonization on the Western Coast of Africa (1846). Samuel Miller became the second professor at the seminary and for 37 years <mask> and Miller were considered together as pillars of the Presbyterian Church in maintaining its doctrines. Charles Hodge, a famous student and successor of <mask>, named his son <mask> Hodge after his mentor.Archival collections
The Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has a collection of <mask>'s personal papers dating from 1819 to 1851 including outgoing correspondence, manuscript articles and lecture notes. Personal life

On April 5, 1802, <mask> married Janetta Waddel, the daughter of a Presbyterian preacher, James Waddel (1739–1805), whose eloquence was described in William Wirt's Letters of a British Spy (1803). Together, they were the parents of:

 James Waddel <mask> (1804–1859), who was a Princeton graduate and Presbyterian minister. He wrote the life of his father, and edited his posthumous works. William Cowper <mask> (1806–1874), who served as president of the New Jersey State Senate and as the first president of the Equitable Life Assurance Society. Joseph Addison <mask> (1809–1860), who was a biblical scholar. Samuel Davies <mask> (1819-1894), a minister
 Henry Martyn <mask> (1822–1899), who was a lawyer and one of the Trustees of Princeton University.<mask> died on October 22, 1851, at Princeton Township, New Jersey. Descendants
His grandson, William C<mask> (1848–1937), was an executive with the Equitable Life Assurance Society, author, and founder of Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. His great-grandson, James Waddell <mask> (1888–1971), was a noted mathematician and topologist. Works
Christ's gracious invitation
Biographical sketches of the founder, and principal alumni of the Log college : together with an account of the revivals of religion, under their ministry
Outlines of moral science
Love to an unseen saviour
A history of the Israelitish nation, from their origin to their dispersion at the destruction of Jerusalem by the Romans
A History of Colonization on the Western Coast of Africa (1846)
An address to candidates for the ministry : on the importance of aiming at eminent piety in making their preparation for the sacred office
Suggestions in vindication of Sunday-schools, but more especially for the improvement of Sunday-school books, and the enlargement of the plan of instruction
The evidences of Christianity
Thoughts on the education of pious and indigent candidates for the ministry
Thoughts on religious experience
Thoughts on religious experience' To which is added an appendix, containing "Letters to the aged," &c., &c
A discourse occasioned by the burning of the theatre in the city of Richmond, Virginia, on the twenty-sixth of December, 1811. By which lawful calamity a large number of lives were lost. Delivered in the Third Presbyterian church, Philadelphia, on the eighth day of January, 1812, at the request of the Virginia students attached to the medical class in the University of Pennsylvania
The canon of the Old and New Testaments ascertained
The canon of the Old and New Testaments ascertained; or, The Bible, complete, without the Apocrypha and unwritten traditions  (Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1851 by A.W. Mitchell in the office of the Clerk of the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.)Evidences of the authenticity, inspiration and canonical authority of the Holy Scriptures
Practical sermons to be read in families and social meetings
Practical truths
A brief compend of Bible truth
A brief outline of the evidences of the Christian religion
A dialogue between a Presbyterian and a "Friend"
A Memorial of Mrs. Margaret Breckinridge
Remarks on a paragraph in the Rev. Doctor Davidson's History of the Presbyterian Church in Kentucky : in reference to the character of the late Mr. John Lyle, ruling elder in the Timberridge Church, Virginia
The way of salvation familiarly explained : in a conversation between a father and his children
A pocket dictionary of the Holy Bible. Containing, a historical and geographical account of the persons and places mentioned in the Old and New Testaments: and also a description of other objects, natural, artificial, civil, religious, and military; together with a copious reference to texts of Scripture under each important word

Sermons

Notes

Sources

External links

 Works at Librivox Audio  of several of his books
"Sinners Welcome to Come to Jesus Christ" by <mask>
"The Day of Judgment" (Part I) (Part II) by <mask>
"Nature and Means of Growth in Grace" by <mask>
A Brief Compendium of Bible Truth (1846)
"The Lord's Day" by <mask>
"A Practical View of Regeneration" (Part I) (Part II) (Part III) by <mask>bituary for Henry Martyn <mask>
Thoughts on Religious Experience
"Practical Directions How to Grow in Grace and Make Progress in Piety" by <mask>
A Treatise On Justification by Faith by Dr. <mask>, D.D. 1772 births
1851 deaths
Presidents of Hampden–Sydney College
American Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American Presbyterian ministers
Presidents of Calvinist and Reformed seminaries
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Christian revivalists
Burials at Princeton Cemetery
People from Rockbridge County, Virginia

masks:
Archibald Alexander
Archibald Alexander
William Alexander
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William Alexander Caruthers
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title: Elisha Cuthbert

texts:
<mask> (born 30 November 1982) is a Canadian actress and model. As a child actress, she made her first televised appearance as an extra in the Canadian horror-themed series for children Are You Afraid of the Dark? and co-hosted Popular Mechanics for Kids. She made her feature film debut in the 1997 Canadian family-drama Dancing on the Moon. Her first major lead role came in the 1998 drama film Airspeed (No Control) alongside Joe Mantegna. In 2001, she starred in the movie Lucky Girl, for which she received her first award, the Gemini Awards. After moving to Hollywood in 2001, she was cast as Kim Bauer in the series 24, her first big role in an American production, alongside Kiefer Sutherland.For this role, she was nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards twice. In 2003, she played Darcie Goldberg in the college comedy Old School and Carol-Anne in Love Actually. <mask> received wide recognition for her breakout role as Danielle in the 2004 teen comedy film The Girl Next Door, being nominated for Best Breakthrough Performance at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards, and for her next role as Carly Jones in the 2005 House of Wax, for which she received two nominations for the Teen Choice Awards, including Best Actress: Action/Adventure/Thriller. Subsequently, <mask> appeared in the lead role in the drama The Quiet (2005) and the horror Captivity (2007). This role, along with Are You Afraid of the Dark?, 24 series and House of Wax, established her as a scream queen. From 2011 to 2013, <mask> starred as Alex Kerkovich in the three seasons of the ABC comedy Happy Endings. From 2016 to 2020, she had a recurring role as Abby Phillips on the Netflix series The Ranch, before becoming a main cast member in the series' second season.She received praise for her performance on the Canadian comedy series Jann (2020), being nominated for the Canadian Screen Awards for Best Performance in a guest role. <mask> is considered a sex symbol and has appeared in numerous magazines, such as Maxim, Complex, and FHM. In 2013, Maxim magazine named her "TV's most beautiful woman". Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Calgary, Alberta, the daughter of Patricia, a housewife, and Kevin, an automotive design engineer. She grew up in Greenfield Park, Quebec. In 2000, she graduated from Centennial Regional High School and moved to Los Angeles at the age of 17. As a child, she participated in Girl Guide programs as a member of Girl Guides of Canada.Career

Early work
When she was nine, <mask> started modelling children's clothing and also became a foot model. She made her first televised appearance as an extra in the horror-themed series for children, Are You Afraid of the Dark? ; she later became a regular on the show. <mask> co-hosted Popular Mechanics for Kids with Jay Baruchel, filmed in Montreal. Her reporting captured the attention of Hillary Clinton, who invited her to the White House. <mask> landed a role in a feature film in the family drama Dancing on the Moon (1997). She appeared in other Canadian family films and in an airplane thriller, Airspeed.In 2000, <mask> co-starred in Believe, a Canadian film with Ricky Mabe. The following year she starred in the Canadian television movie, Lucky Girl, and was awarded a Gemini Award for her performance. 2000s

Soon after moving to Hollywood she was cast as Kim Bauer, daughter of federal agent Jack Bauer in the television series 24. She appeared in the show's first three seasons, but not in its fourth; she guest-starred in two episodes in the fifth season. She also reprised her role as Kim Bauer in 24: The Game and again guest-starred in five episodes of the seventh season and in two episodes of the eighth season. She began her Hollywood film career with small roles in Old School which grossed $87 million. Her next film, Love Actually, earned $246.4 million worldwide.Her first break in a major film role was in 2004, The Girl Next Door. She played an ex–porn star, Danielle, opposite Emile Hirsch. She had reservations about taking the part but director Luke Greenfield persuaded her to accept the role. <mask> did research for the film speaking to adult actresses from Wicked Pictures and Vivid Entertainment. The film was compared to Risky Business although <mask> said her character was not directly based on Rebecca De Mornay's. Critics were divided; some praised the film for boldness, others, notably Roger Ebert, called it gimmicky and exploitative. Ebert wrote that he saw <mask>'s character as "quite the most unpleasant character I have seen in some time."The View London said: "<mask> is surprisingly good, too – aside from being drop dead gorgeous, she also proves herself a capable comic actress in the Cameron Diaz mould". <mask> won two nominations for the MTV Movie Awards for Best Kiss and Best Breakthrough Performance. In her next film, <mask> starred with Paris Hilton and Chad Michael Murray in the 2005 remake of the horror film House of Wax. In one scene, her character attempted to open her mouth while her lips were sealed with glue. For realism, she used Superglue over prosthetics. House of Wax was largely panned, critics citing a range of flaws. It was called "notable for having some of the most moronic protagonists ever to populate a horror film," though of those characters, critics tended to think <mask> "do the best."Though it received negative reviews the film was a box office success, which grossed $70 million worldwide. The Houston Chronicle cited <mask> as an exception. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle said of the film, "<mask> <mask>'s matter-of-fact, likable quality helps. Seeing her turn into wax would be as bad as seeing that happen to Glenda Farrell (the star of the 1933 version)." The Movie said: "The performances are always professional and understated in their believable cogency, particularly <mask>, a talented, beautiful young actress who has proven time and again just what a multilayered and promising future she has ahead of her. <mask> digs into the role of Carly with strength, determination, and horrified realism; you believe as you watch her that she is going through these things and forget all about the actor playing the part, which is the biggest compliment of all. Brian Orndorf of Filmjerk.com said: "[Paris] Hilton ... only plays her known personality in the film.She's overshadowed by the strong work from the rest of the cast, notably Chad Michael Murray and especially <mask> <mask>, who gives the film a strong dose of enthusiasm with her Jamie Lee Curtis-esque performance." <mask> was nominated at Teen Choice Awards in two categories Choice Movie: Actress – Action / Adventure / Thriller and Choice Movie: Rumble. <mask>'s next film was the indie film The Quiet. She was a co-star and co-producer. She played Nina, a temperamental 17-year-old cheerleader who suffers sexual abuse by her father. <mask> looked to her younger cousin as her inspiration in portraying a teenager. The Quiet, distributed by Sony Pictures Classics, premiered at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival and received a limited release in Los Angeles and New York City on 25 August 2006 before expanding regionally in the US on September 1.<mask> initially wanted to play the part of the silent Dot however director Jamie Babbit cast Camilla Belle in the role instead after Thora Birch pulled out. Babbit reasoned "To me, Dot has to be someone you could believe would be invisible in high school. You look at <mask>, this beautiful woman with the most perfect body you've ever seen, and you think, there's no high school in America where this girl could be invisible. No matter how much hair and makeup I do, it's not going to happen." The Daily Californian conceded that "Despite the plot's failings, <mask> does a convincing job in her role, exuding an outer shell so tough that when her inner, softer layers emerge, it's a natural change of character. Empire Movies agreed, commenting "this is <mask> <mask>'s best film performance to date. <mask>'s Nina has the majority of the most graphic and disturbing dialogue in the film, especially during one particular lunchroom scene where the camera is close up on <mask> and Belle's faces."<mask> appeared in the music video for Weezer's "Perfect Situation" in early 2006, playing the group's fictional original singer who threw a tantrum that led to Rivers Cuomo, the roadie, becoming the band's frontman. She also had a small role in Paris Hilton's music video for the song "Nothing in This World". In 2007, <mask> appeared in Captivity, a thriller centered on a fashion model taunted by a psychopath who imprisons her in a cellar. She was nominated for a Razzie award as Worst Actress and Teen Choice Awards for Choice Movie Actress: Horror/Thriller for the movie. The film grossed $10.9 million at the box office. The critic Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger said, "When, in the last few minutes, <mask> finally slipped her bonds and began looking for her tormentors, I knew exactly how she felt." The View London said: "The worst <mask> struggles to make her character sympathetic because the script doesn't give her anything to work with, while Daniel Gillies is too creepy-looking to convince as a potential love interest."In He Was a Quiet Man, <mask> played Vanessa, a quadriplegic; she starred alongside Christian Slater. The film was in limited release in 2007, and it was released on DVD in early 2008. The critic Peter Bradshaw in his review for The Guardian praised <mask>'s performance, writing that she "is very good". In 2008, <mask> appeared in My Sassy Girl, a remake of a Korean film, starring with Jesse Bradford. Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India said the "Elisha is cute and their zany affair keeps the reels rolling in an unusual love story with the usual heartbreak and happy home-comings". Although Lacey Mical (Callahan) Walker of Christian Spotlight on Entertainment was not impressed by Bradford performance, she praised <mask>'s, saying, "<mask> <mask>'s talent rises above the character she was given to play, and she almost saves the bitter first half with a stellar performance". Her next film was the family comedy, The Six Wives of Henry Lefay with Tim Allen, in which she played his daughter.She starred in the Canadian miniseries Guns. She was a judge in season two, episode two of Project Runway Canada. Designers were challenged to create a "party dress" for her. <mask> reprised her character Kim Bauer in the seventh season of 24 for five episodes. She was to star in the CBS drama pilot Ny-Lon, playing a New York literacy teacher/record-store clerk who embarks on a transatlantic romance with a London stockbroker. The project, based on a British series starring Rashida Jones and Stephen Moyer, was cancelled. In December 2009, ABC said <mask> had joined the cast of The Forgotten in a recurring role as Maxine Denver, a Chicago professional.It was expected for <mask> to play the role of Trixie in sports action- comedy film Speed Racer (2008), but Christina Ricci was eventually chosen. 2011–present
From April 2011 to May 2013, <mask> starred as Alex Kerkovich for three seasons on the ABC ensemble comedy Happy Endings alongside Eliza Coupe, Zachary Knighton, Adam Pally, Damon Wayans Jr., and Casey Wilson. Despite critical acclaim and having a cult following, the show was cancelled by ABC after the conclusion of its third season on 3 May 2013. <mask> was nominated for the Online Film & Television Association Award in 2012 and 2013 in the category of "Best Cast in a Comedy Series" and TV Guide Awards for Favorite Cast. The series was also nominated for 28 other awards including the Satellite Awards for Best Series comedy television or music. <mask>'s performance received positive reviews from critics. In 2013, she was regarded as a promising contender for an Emmy Award in the Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series category, however she was not nominated.In 2012, <mask> was host of the American Music Awards. In October 2012, she appeared in The Gaslight Anthem's music video "Here Comes My Man", playing the girlfriend of a man who mistreats her until she imagines a romantic relationship with a character in a film and chooses to end her real relationship. In 2013, she appeared on the cover of Maxim, which named her TV's Most Beautiful Woman. In February 2014, <mask> signed to play the female lead role in Liz Feldman and Ellen DeGeneres' new NBC sitcom pilot One Big Happy. <mask> stars as Lizzy, a lesbian who gets pregnant just as her straight male best friend Luke (played by Nick Zano) meets and marries the love of his life, Prudence. Six episodes of the show were ordered on 9 May 2014, and it debuted mid-season in early 2015. The series was cancelled after one season.In 2015, <mask> joined Seann William Scott in a sequel to the 2011 comedy Goon. Goon: Last of the Enforcers began production in June in Toronto. Liev Schreiber and Alison Pill reprised their roles from the first film. In 2016, <mask> joined the cast of Netflix's The Ranch, a comedy series. In 2020, she started the film Eat Wheaties!. She is set to star the horror movie The Cellar, Bandit and the comedy Friday Afternoon in the Universe. For her performance in the comedy series Jann (2020), she was nominated for the Canadian Screen Awards for Best Guest Performance.Public image

Since she began playing Kim Bauer, she has frequently been named to the magazines FHM and Maxim's annual lists of "hottest women". Her highest ranking was No. 4 in the 2008 UK Edition of FHM's 100 Sexiest Women in the World list. She was ranked No. 14 in 2003, No. 10 in 2004, No. 5 in 2005, No.22 in 2006, No. 10 in 2007, and No. 7 in 2009. The U.S. Edition ranked her No. 53 in 2003, No. 63 in 2004, and No.54 in 2006. <mask> was ranked No. 10 by AskMen.com readers in the list "Top 99 Women of 2007." In Maxims Hot 100 list, she was ranked No. 84 in 2002, No. 9 in 2003, No. 21 in 2004, No.92 in 2006, No. 25 in 2007, No. 6 in 2008, No. 43 in 2009, No. 65 in 2011, No. 34 in 2012, and No. 10 in 2013.The magazine also featured her in its Girls of Maxim Gallery. In 2013, the magazine named her the Most Beautiful Woman in Television. BuddyTV ranked her No. 33 on its TV's 100 Sexiest Women of 2011 list, No. 13 in 2012, and No. 30 in 2015. She was included in the list of The 15 Best Comedy Supporting Actresses of the 2011–2012 TV Season and 2012–2013 TV Season.The Canadian Business named her one of the most powerful Canadians in Hollywood, and The New York Daily News listed her as one of the Sexiest Canadian celebrities of 2016. Complex has ranked her in The 25 Hottest Canadian Women, The 100 Hottest Women of the 2000s, The 25 Hottest Blonde Bombshell Actresses, and The 50 Hottest Celebrity Sports Fans. In 2013, GQ magazine listed her among The 100 Hottest Women of the 21st Century and The 100 Sexiest Women of Millennium. Personal life
<mask> has two younger siblings and enjoys painting, is an ice hockey fan. In 2005, she maintained a blog on the NHL website, though she did not post for most of the season. Marriage
<mask> and hockey player Dion Phaneuf, then the captain of the Toronto Maple Leafs, announced their engagement in September 2012, They married on 6 July 2013 at St. James Catholic Church in Summerfield, Prince Edward Island. Living in Ottawa during the hockey season, <mask> and Phaneuf spend their summers at their waterfront estate outside New London, Prince Edward Island in his parents' home province.The couple has one daughter together. Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Music videos

Video games

Awards and nominations

References

External links

20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
1982 births
Actresses from Calgary
Actresses from Quebec
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian bloggers
Canadian child actresses
Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States
Canadian female models
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Living people
People from Longueuil
Canadian women bloggers

masks:
Elisha Ann Cuthbert Phaneuf
Cuthbert
Cuthbert
Cuthbert
Cuthbert
Elisha
Ann Cuthbert
Cuthbert
Cuthbert
Cuthbert
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Elisha
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Elisha
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Elisha
Cuthbert
Elisha
Cuthbert
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Elisha
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title: Ding Ling

texts:
<mask> (; October 12, 1904 – March 4, 1986), formerly romanized as <mask>, was the pen name of Jiang Bingzhi (), also known as Bin Zhi (彬芷 Bīn Zhǐ), one of the most celebrated 20th-century Chinese women authors. She was awarded the Soviet Union's Stalin second prize for Literature in 1951. Early life

<mask> was born into a gentry family in Linli, Hunan province. Her father died when Ding was three. <mask>'s mother, who raised her children alone while becoming an educator, was <mask>'s role model, and she would later write an unfinished novel, titled Mother, which described her mother's experiences. Following her mother's example, <mask> became an activist at an early age. <mask> fled to Shanghai in 1920 in repudiation of traditional Chinese family practices by refusing to marry her cousin who had been chosen to become her husband.She rejected the commonly accepted view that parents as the source of the child's body are its owners, and she ardently asserted that she owned and controlled her own body. <mask> <mask> was influenced by progressive teachers at the People's Girls School, and by her association with modern writers such as Shen Congwen and the left-wing poet Hu Yepin, whom she married in 1925. She began writing stories around this time, most famously Miss Sophia's Diary, published in 1927, in which a young woman describes her unhappiness with her life and confused romantic and sexual feelings. Miss Sophia's Diary highlights <mask> <mask>'s close association and belief in the New Woman movement which was occurring in China during the 1920's. In 1931, Hu Yepin was executed in Shanghai by the Kuomintang government for his association with the Communists. In March 1932 she joined the Chinese Communist Party, and almost all of her fiction after this time was in support of its goals. She was active in the League of Left-Wing Writers.Political persecution

Active in the Communist revolutionary cause, she was placed under house arrest in Shanghai by the Kuomintang for a three-year period from 1933 to 1936. She escaped, and made her way to the Communist base of Yan'an. There she became one of the most influential figures in Yan'an cultural circles, serving as director of the Chinese Literature and Arts Association and editing a newspaper literary supplement. <mask> <mask> struggled with the idea that revolutionary needs, defined by the party, should come before art. She objected to the gender standards at work in Yan'an and in 1940, wrote When I was in Xia Village, a short story about a woman forced into prostitution by the Japanese who later joins the Chinese Communist Party as a spy. It criticized the treatment of women within the party and challenged the supposed 'equality' between men and women that it failed to uphold. In 1942 she wrote an article in a party newspaper, titled Thoughts on March 8, questioning the party's commitment to change popular attitudes towards women.She satirized male double standards concerning women, saying they were ridiculed if they focused on household duties, but also became the target of gossip and rumours if they remained unmarried and worked in the public sphere. She also criticized male cadres use of divorce provisions to rid themselves of unwanted wives. Her article was condemned by Mao Zedong and the party leadership, and she was forced to retract her views and undergo a public self-confession. Her main work in these years was the novel The Sun Shines Over Sanggan River, which she completed in 1948. It followed the complex results of land reform on a rural village. It was awarded the Stalin prize for Literature in 1951, and is considered one of the best examples of socialist-realist fiction. It did not, however, address gender issues.Always a political activist, in 1957 she was denounced as a "rightist", purged from the party, and her fiction and essays were banned. She spent five years in jail during the Cultural Revolution and was sentenced to do manual labor on a farm for twelve years before being "rehabilitated" in 1978. In her introduction to Miss Sophie's Diary And Other Stories, <mask> <mask> explains her indebtedness to the writers of other cultures:

I can say that if I had not been influenced by Western literature I would probably not have been able to write fiction, or at any rate not the kind of fiction in this collection. It is obvious that my earliest stories followed the path of Western realism... A little later, as the Chinese revolution developed, my fiction changed with the needs of the age and of the Chinese people... Literature ought to join minds together... turning ignorance into mutual understanding. Time, place and institutions cannot separate it from the friends it wins... And in 1957, a time of spiritual suffering for me, I found consolation in reading much Latin American and African literature. Later years
A few years before her death, she was allowed to travel to the United States where she was a guest at the University of Iowa's International Writing Program.<mask> <mask> and her husband Chen Ming visited Canada in 1981 for 10 days, meeting with Canadian writers Margaret Laurence, Adele Wiseman, and Geoff Hancock; and even Canada's first female Lieutenant Governor, Pearl McGonigal for the province of Manitoba. <mask> <mask> died in Beijing on March 4, 1986. She authored more than three hundred works. After her "rehabilitation" many of her previously banned books such as her novel The Sun Shines Over The Sanggan River were republished and translated into numerous languages. Some of her short works, spanning a fifty-year period, are collected in I Myself Am A Woman: Selected Writings Of <mask> <mask>. Works

Collections
Zai hei’an zhong [In the Darkness]. 1928.Zisha riji [Diary of a Suicide]. 1928. Yige nüren [A Woman]. 1928. Shujia zhong [During the Summer Holidays]. 1928. Awei guniang [The Girl Awei].1928. Shui [Water]. 1930. Yehui [Night Meeting]. 1930. Zai yiyuan zhong [In the Hospital]. 1941.Ding Ling wenji [Works of Ding <mask>], Hunan Renmin Chubanshe. 6 vols. 1982. Ding Ling xuanji [Selected Works of Ding <mask>], Sichuan Renmin Chubanshe. 3 vols. 1984. Fiction
Meng Ke.1927. Shafei nüshi riji. February 1928, Xiaoshuo yuebao (short story magazine); as Miss Sophia's Diary, translated by Gary Bjorge, 1981. Weihu. 1930. Muqin. 1930; as Mother, translated by Tani Barlow, 1989.1930 Chun Shanghai. 1930; as Shanghai, Spring, 1930, translated by Tani Barlow, 1989. Zai yiyuan zhong. 1941; as In the Hospital, translated by Gary Bjorge, 1981. Wo zai Xia cun de shihou. 1941; as When I Was in Xia Village, translated by Gary Bjorge, 1981. Taiyang zhao zai Sanggan he shang.Guanghua shudian. September 1948; as The Sun Shines Over Sanggan River, translated by Gladys Yang and Yang Xianyi, Panda Books, 1984. Du Wanxiang. 1978; as Du Wanxiang, translated by Tani Barlow, 1989. Further reading
 Chinese Writers on Writing featuring <mask> <mask>. Ed. Arthur Sze.(Trinity University Press, 2010). Alber, Charles J. Embracing the Lie: <mask> <mask> and the Politics of Literature in the PRC. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004. 1 copy. Barlow, Tani, "Gender and Identity in Ding <mask>'s 'Mother.'" Modern Chinese Literature 2, 2 (1986): 123–42.Barlow, Tani, The Question of Women in Chinese Feminism. Durham, Duke University Press, 2004. 1 copy. (contains material on Ding <mask>). Bjorge, Gary J. "'Sophia's Diary': An Introduction." Tamkang Review 5, 1 (1974): 97–110.Chang, Jun-mei. Ting <mask>, Her Life and Her Work. Taipei: Institute of International Relations, 1978. Dien, Dora Shu-fang. "Ding <mask> and 'Miss Sophie's Diary': A Psychobiographical Study of Adolescent Identity Formation." Making Meaning of Narratives: The Narrative Study of Lives 6 Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 221–237. <mask> <mask> and Her Mother: A Cultural Psychological Study.Huntington, NY: Nova Science, 2001. Feng, Jin. "The 'Bold Modern Girl': <mask> <mask>'s Early Fiction." In *Feng, The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2001, 149–70. "The Revolutionary Age: <mask> <mask>'s Fiction of the Early 1930s." In Feng, The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction.West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2001, 171–88. "<mask> <mask> in Yan'an: A New Woman within the Part Structure?" In Feng, The New Woman in Early Twentieth-Century Chinese Fiction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2001, 189–96
Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei. <mask> <mask>'s Fiction: Ideology and Narrative in Modern Chinese Literature. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1982. "The Changing Relationship between Literature and Life: Aspects of the Writer's Role in <mask> <mask> [Ting <mask>]."In Merle Goldman, ed. Modern Chinese Literature in the May Fourth Era. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1977, 281–307. "Ting <mask>'s 'When I was in Sha Chuan (Cloud Village)'." Signs, Journal of Women in Culture and Society 2, 1 (1976): 255–79. "The Uses of Literature: <mask> <mask> in Yan'an." In W. Kubin and R. Wagner, eds., Essays in Contemporary Chinese LIterature and Literary Criticism.Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1981. Huang, Xincun. “Politics, Gender and Literary Writings: A Study of Ding <mask> in the Early 1940s.” Journal of Asian Culture 14 (1990): 33–54. Kubin, Wolfgang. "Sexuality and Literature in the People's Republic of China, Problems of the Chinese woman before and after 1949 as seen in <mask> <mask>'s 'Diary of Sophia' (1928) and Xi Rong's story 'An Unexceptional Post' (1962)." In Wolfgang Kubin and Rudolf G. Wagner, eds., Essays in Modern Chinese Literature and Literary Criticism. Bochum: Brockmeyer, 1982, 168–91.Lai, Amy Tak-yee. "Liberation, Confusion, Imprisonment: The Female Self in <mask> <mask>'s 'Diary of Miss Sophie' and Zhang Jie's 'Love Must Not Be Forgotten.'" Comparative Literature and Culture 3 (Sept. 1998): 88–103. Tang, Xiaobing. "Shanghai Spring 1930: Engendering the Revolutionary Body." In Chinese Modernism: The Heroic and the Quotidian. Durham: Duke UP, 2000, 97–130.Wang, Shunzhu. "The Double-Voiced Feminine Discouses in <mask> <mask>'s 'Miss Sophie's Diary' and Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." Tamkang Review 27, 1 (1997): 133–158. Zhang, Jingyuan. "Feminism and Revolution: The Work and Life of <mask> <mask>." In Joshua Mostow, ed, and Kirk A. Denton, China section, ed., Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literatures. NY: Columbia UP, 2003, 395–400.Zhou Liangpei. <mask> <mask> zhuan (Biography of <mask> <mask>). Beijing: Beijing shiyue wenyi, 1993. See also

 Thoughts on March 8
When I was in Xia Village
Sanggan River

References

Footnotes

Ebrey, Patricia. Cambridge Illustrated History of China. Cambridge University Press, June 13, 1996. Solomon, Barbara H., "Other Voices, Other Vistas", A Mentor Book, March 1992

External links
 <mask> <mask>.A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming at Hong Kong Baptist University Library

1904 births
1986 deaths
20th-century Chinese women writers
Pseudonymous women writers
People's Republic of China novelists
Republic of China novelists
People from Changde
Short story writers from Hunan
International Writing Program alumni
20th-century Chinese short story writers
Chinese women short story writers
Victims of the Anti-Rightist Campaign
Republic of China short story writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers

masks:
Ding Ling
Ting Ling
Ding Ling
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title: Maria Rita Saulle

texts:
<mask> was a professor of law and a judge in the Italian Constitutional Court from November 2005 until her death on 7 July 2011. <mask> was Full Professor of International Law and Human Rights in the Faculty of Political Sciences at the Sapienza University of Rome. She was director of the master's course on International Protection of Human Rights and founded a PhD in International Order and Human Rights. She was appointed judge of the Constitutional Court by the President of Italy on 4 November 2005. From 1981 to 1983 and from 1989 to 1990 she taught as full professor at the Faculty of Maritime Economy in Napíes, holding chairs in International Law, International Navigation Law and European Communities Law and heading the Institute of Public Law. In accordance with the wishes of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in 1992 she created the first course at the University of Rome on the rights of migrants and refugees. This class is attended by 200 students annually.From 1983 to 1986 she taught European Community Law regularly at the Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione (School of Public Administration). She lectured at conferences and meetings at Italian and foreign universities (including Milan, Turin, Trieste, Napíes, Salerno, Messina, Catania, Palermo, Rio de Janeiro, Oslo, Bonn, Luxembourg and Strasbourg) and international bodies (including the Council of Europe and the European Parliament). She served as chair of the Communication Committee of the UNESCO National Commission from 1990 to 2000 and as chair of the Human Rights Committee from 2000. She was a member of: the Interministerial Committee for Human Rights at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Committee for Constitutional Culture at the Ministry of Public Education; the Observatory on Disability until 1994; the National Commission for Gender Equality at the Prime Minister's Office from 1984 to 1992. She served as expert advisor to the Minister for Community Policies from 1991 to 1993. She was the Italian delegate to working group charged with drafting the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1986–1989). She was a member of the Italian delegation to the UN World Conference on "Equality, Development and Peace", where in 1987 she presented the Italian proposal to draft a world convention on the rights of disabled persons, which took effect on 3 May 2008.She was a member of the Italian delegation to the 1985 UN World Conference on Women in Nairobi. She was a member of the Italian delegation to the UN Generai Assembly in 1987–91 and 1999. She was head of the Italian delegation to the 1987 Council of Europe Colloquy on Violence within the Family. She was deputy chair of the 1987 UNESCO World Conference on "Women from Education to Work". She was a member of the Italian delegation to the 1993 United Nations Conference on Human Rights. She represented Italy in the fields of communications and human rights at the UNESCO Conferences from 1981 to 2005. She participated as one of the 25 UN world experts in the 1987 UN Conference in Stockholm.She represented Italy in negotiating the "standard rules" approved by the UN Generai Assembly in 1992. In 1996 the president of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg appointed her president of the Commission for the restitution of real property to refugees and displaced persons (CRPC) envisaged by Annex VII to the Dayton Agreement. She served on that Commission until 31 December 2003. She was editor of the series "Scienze del Diritto e dell'Economia" (Legal and Economic Sciences), published by Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane. Books published
 L'errore negli atti giuridici internazionali, Milan, 1963
 Le avarie comuni nel diritto internazionale privato marittimo ed aereo, 1970
 Appunti di storia e di diritto dei trattati, 1972
 Nato and its activities (New York), 1979
 The Disabled Persons and the International Organizations, New York, 1981
 Diritto comunitario e diritto internazionale privato, 1984
 Saggi di diritto e di organizzazione internazionale, 1986
 Saggi di diritto comunitario e di diritto internazionale privato, 1986
 Codice del movimento dei capitali normativa comunitaria e nazionale (parte comunitaria), 1989
 L'Europa ad una svolta: problemi economici e giuridici, 1990
 II riconoscimento dei titoli di studio in Europa, 1992
 Codice internazionale dei diritti del minore, 1992
 Insegnamento e ricerche sui diritti fondamentali in Italia (vol. 1), 1990–1991
 Lezioni di organizzazione internazionale: vol. I Le organizzazioni a carattere universale e regionale; vol.II Le organizzazioni internazionali e i diritti umani, 1998
 L'azione delle Nazioni Unite  e degli enti regionali favore dei disabili, Ministry of Health, 1989
 La Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti del minore e l'ordinamento italiano, 1994
 Minori, Bioetica e norme standard, 1995
 Asilo, migrazione e lavoro, 1995
 Il trattato di Maastricht, 1995
 The Rights of the Child, New York, 1995
 Le nuove norme di diritto internazionale privato, 1995
 Lezioni di diritto internazionale, Naples, 2001
 I cinquant'anni dell'UNESCO: democrazia e informazione, 1996
 Le norme standard sulle pari opportunità dei disabili, 1998
 Dalla tutela giuridica all'esercizio dei diritti, 1999+
 Gli accordi di Dayton a oltre cinque anni dalla conclusione, Rome, 2001
 Lezioni di Organizzazione internazionale, vol. I, 2nd ed., Naples, 2002
 La Convenzione di Ginevra sullo status dei rifugiati, Rome, 2002
 Lezioni di Organizzazione internazionale, vol. II, 2nd ed, Naples, 2003
 Le organizzazioni internazionali e i diritti umani, vol. II, 2nd ed., Naples, 2003
 L'Europa tra Costituzione, Asilo e Migrazione, Naples, 2004
 La Corte costituzionale compie 50 anni, Rome, 2006
 Migrazione e terrorismo: due fenomeni impropriamente abbinati, Naples, 2006
 L'integrazione dei cittadini di Paesi terzi nell'Europa allargata, Naples, 2006
 La Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sui diritti delle persone con disabilità', translation edited by Maria Rita Saulle, Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Interministerial Committee on Human Rights, Rome, March 2007
 Relazioni Internazionali e Diritti fondamentali 1981–2005. Cronache e opinioni'', Aracne editrice, Rome, December 2007

Decoration

References

2011 deaths
Year of birth missing
Italian judges
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Italy
Sapienza University of Rome faculty

masks:
Maria Rita Saulle
Career Saulle