title: Eugenia Romanelli

texts:
<mask> (born March 11, 1972) is an Italian author and journalist. Biography
<mask> was born in Rome on March 11, 1972. She is the eldest daughter of philosophy teacher, Maria Cristina Marinelli, and historian, <mask>. Due to her father's professional responsibilities she later moved to Florence. She was joined in a civil union with La Repubblica journalist Rory Capelli by Monica Cirinnà. The couple have a daughter. The 2014 court ruling that recognises the double parenthood of the same-sex couple was the second of its kind to be handed down in Italy.It was signed by Judge Melita Cavallo, after the first official technical report on this subject matter written in Italy. After gaining her high school diploma in Classics in 1990, she enrolled in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Florence. In 1997 she obtained her degree in Modern History. She then enrolled in the School of Journalism at the Tor Vergata University in Rome. In 2000, she became a professional journalist. Publications
In 2001 she published her first novel, Trop Model, inspired by the life of Lorella Giulia Focardi, for the women's erotic series Pizzonero (Borelli). This was followed in 2002 by Vladimir Luxuria, a story (Castelvecchi), the authorized biography of Vadimir Luxuria, a transsexual who guided the artistic management of Muccassassina, a famous disco night organized by the Mario Mieli Homosexual Culture Club in Rome, and in 2006 became the first transgender Member of Parliament elected in Europe.In 2004 she published La traversata di Emma Costa Rubens (Marotta), which witnesses the introduction of a work methodology based on mixing different sources, including non-literary areas, named the "Bazar Method". In the following years the Bazar Method took hold in an online magazine "Bazarweb.info", in the creation of a creative writing laboratory in the Faculty of Communications Science in the La Sapienza University in Rome (2004-2009), in an online radio (RadioBazar), in a web art gallery (BazArt), managed by Luca Beatrice and in two volumes of collected articles, "Tecniche di comunicazione creativa: il metodo Bazar", with a preface by Mario Morcellini (Pellegrini-Rai Eri, 2005) and "Bazar Cultural brand: comunicare sempre", with a preface by Giulio Anselmi (Pellegrini-Rai Eri, 2007), which constitute one of the first Italian multimedia projects structured as cultural brands. The project won the "Woman is Internet 2005" prize (Web Italia) organized by the Province of Lucca and the Department of Equal Opportunity in partnership with the Ministry of Equal Opportunity, as the best Italian internet site created by women in 2005. Both collections of essays followed the methodology used during the series of lessons and workshops at the University with alternate inclusions both scientific and poetic, technological and romantic, educational and recreational, from authors of very different extractions: artists, executives, intellectuals, students and academics who all contribute with flashes of infotainment and edutainment. In 2009 she published Con te accanto (Rizzoli), written together with Paola Turci, which revisits the car accident in which the singer was involved, followed in 2011 by Vie di fuga (Dino Audino Publishers), a crime thriller publicized through an original social media campaign featuring a cat called Bianchino Bianchini. In his book review in La Repubblica, Marco Lodoli writes: "The distinguishing feature of writers from the Quentin Tarantino generation is the attempt to describe our liquid reality. Eugenia Romanelli makes the same attempt in Escape routes".The text incorporates for the first time the theme of bisexuality, which returns in the erotic novel E' scritto nel corpo (2013), which marks the launch of the new crossover literature series BookMe by the De Agostini publishing house, and which introduces the author to a wider readership. In 2015 Castelvecchi published La donna senza nome, a novel that explores the construction of personal identity of a young woman born to a lesbian couple through artificial insemination using the sperm of an anonymous donor. Melania Mazzucco considers the novel to be a sequel of her own "Sei come sei". In 2018, the Edizioni ETS publishing house published a collection of essays with the title: "Web, social ed etica. Dove non arriva la privacy: come creare una cultura della riservatezza", edited by <mask>, with a preface by Massimo Bray. Authors include Vincenzo Vita, Mario Morcellini and the criminologist Marco Lagazzi. In 2019 Michela Murgia presented the latest novel by <mask>, Mia, published by Castelvecchi, at the Turin International Book Fair.A suspense without escape, an intelligent thriller that investigates contemporary parenting. In 2019 she founded, and directs, the first European writing school, Writers Factory, dedicated to the American writer Ursula Le Guin, on the first anniversary of her death. Teachers at the school include, amongst others, David Riondino (the school’s deputy director), Roberto D’Agostino, Vladimir Luxuria, Peter Gomez, Giorgio Cavazzano, Vauro Senesi, Milo Manara, Sergio Staino, Stefano Benni, Neri Marcorè, Paolo Virzì, Ascanio Celestini, Margherita Buy, Laura Morante, Romana Petri, Edoardo Albinati, Elena Stancanelli, Donatella Di Pietrantonio, Rosella Postorino, Michela Murgia, Melania Mazzucco, Melissa P., Sandro Veronesi, Giancarlo Leone, Stefano Bollani, Rancore, Marina Rei, Stefano Senardi, Ernesto Assante, Valerio Magrelli, Antonio Padellaro, Giulio Anselmi, Marco Damilano, Bianca Berlinguer, Lucia Annunziata. In February 2020 sees the publication of the book ‘The body of Earth. A denied relationship. From an egological vision to an ecological vision’ (Castelvecchi) edited with psychotherapist Giusy Mantione: a book which is the starting point for a crossover movement of intellectuals, scientists, artists, journalists, bloggers and opinion leaders who are engaged in sensitising the Italian collective psyche about the risk of an irreversible change in the global ecosystem. In June 2020 she launches and directs the online title ReWriters[16], a multimedia hybrid paper and web-based project.It includes the first Italian Mag-book, a collectible limited edition monthly which is self produced and printed on demand. It includes an art gallery with works donated by artists such as Sten Lex, Lucamaleonte, Giacomo Costa, Federico Solmi, Vauro, ivan, and many others. It also hosts the radio station of Ernesto Assante. It is a sort of cultural movement of secular vocational activists, under an Association with the same name, with the mission of rewriting the images of today’s world. Participants include very young supporters as well as known bylines of Italian art and culture, including  Gianrico Carofiglio, Giancarlo De Cataldo, Gianna Nannini, Paola Turci, Michele Serra, Carmen Consoli, Carlo Massarini, Marina Rei, Melania Mazzucco, Vinicio Capossela, Achille Bonito Oliva, David Riondino, Massimo Recalcati, Rancore, Piero Pelù, Vauro, Jovanotti, Nancy Brilli, Fridays For Future, and many others. The 2020 ReWriters Award was granted [17] to Paralympian athlete Bebe Vio, whereas the 2021 edition was awarded to[18] Serana Dandini and in 2022 to Loredana Bertè. The scientific committee met for the first time in April 2021[19] and is composed of: Letizia Battaglia, Luisella Battaglia, Cesare Biasini Selvaggi, Monica Cirinnà, Giancarlo Leone, Riccardo Magi, Giovanna Melandri, Lidia Ravera, Niccolò Rinaldi, Barbara Santoro.The first edition of ReWriters fest. was organised in Rome, at WeGil, with the support of the Ministry of Culture and the Lazio Region. Amongst others, participants included Drusilla Foer, Max Gazzè, Greg, Giovanni Scifoni, Edoardo Albinati, Luca Barbarossa, Federica Cacciola-Martina Dell'Ombra, Livio Beshir, Pino Strabioli, Karma B., Michela Andreozzi, and many Italian activists including Annalisa Corrado, Paola Di Nicola, Giulia Blasi, Maura Cossutta, Riccardo Magi, Susanna Camusso, Francesco Ferrante, Rossella Muroni, Christian Raimo, Barbara Masini, as well as about a hundred professionals like Anna Oliverio Ferraris and Arturo Di Corinto. Since 2020 she is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Italian Language Festival. Academia
From 2004 to 2009 she was a lecturer in Creative Writing at the La Sapienza University in Rome. Since 2010, together with Giulio Anselmi, she has been a lecturer in Theory and Techniques of Journalism at the LUISS Guido Carli University. Since 2011 she has been teaching Communication and New Media at the Silvio D'Amico Academy of Dramatic Arts, courses which includes research into the language of the "digital revolution" which resulted in the publication of a collection of essays Tre punto zero, edited for Dino Audino Publishers (2011).Since 2015, she has been teaching Business Writing and Social Media Management at the School of Corporate Science in Florence, and Advanced Communication at the University of Florence (NEMECH, New Media for Cultural Heritage project). Since 2016, she has been organizing courses for professional development at the Italian National Press Association for the Order of Journalists, Lazio Region. She manages the "New Journalism and Blogging" Master course at the Adams Experimental Photography Centre in Rome. Journalism
During her university studies she started writing for a feminist magazine, Noi donne. Since 2000, she has been writing for various Italian publications, including La Repubblica, L'Espresso, Il Messaggero, L'Unità, Il Fatto Quotidiano and for the ANSA press agency. In 2003 she was the Italian Country Manager for the international magazine Time Out. In 2004 she founded and managed the online cultural news publication Bazarweb, and 2010 she managed the cultural section of the Il Fatto Quotidiano newspaper, SmarTime, subsequently transformed into a blog.In 2014 she inaugurated her blog dedicated to homosexual parentage in the Il Fatto Quotidiano newspaper, and in 2016, a blog dedicated to underground and digital art and culture called Borderline for the L'Espresso magazine. Since 2017, she has been writing for Vanity Fair and she is an author for Treccani. Works

Novels

 Mia, novel, Castelvecchi, Roma,  2019,
 La donna senza nome, novel, Castelvecchi, Roma, 2015,
 È scritto nel corpo, novel, De Agostini, Novara, 2013,
 2BX. Essere un'incognita, novel, De Agostini, Novara, 2012,
 Vie di fuga, novel, Dino Audino Editore, Roma, 2011,
 with Paola Turci, Con te accanto, novel, Rizzoli, Milano, 2009,
 La traversata di Emma Costa Rubens, novel, Marotta, 2004,
 Vladimir Luxuria. Una storia, novel, Castelvecchi, Roma, 2002,
 Trop Model, short stories (Ed. Borelli 2001),

Non fiction

 (a cura di), Il corpo della terra. La negazione negata.Da una visione egologica a una visione ecologica, collection of essays, Castelvecchi Editore, Rome, 2020,
 (a cura di), Web, social ed etica. Dove non arriva la privacy: come creare una cultura della riservatezza, collection of essays, with a preface by Massimo Bray, ETS Edizioni, PISA, Roma, 2018,
(a cura di), Tre punto zero, collection of essays, with a preface by Giulio Anselmi, Dino Audino Editore, Roma, 2011,
 con Marco Piazza, Sfide da vincere, interviews, Giunti, Firenze, 2008,
 (a cura di), Bazar Cultural brand: comunicare sempre, collection of essays, with a preface by Giulio Anselmi, Pellegrini-Rai Eri, Roma, 2007
 (a cura di), Tecniche di comunicazione creativa: il metodo Bazar, collection of essays, with a preface by Mario Morcellini, Pellegrini-Rai Eri, 2005

References

Living people
1972 births
21st-century Italian women writers
21st-century Italian journalists
Italian women journalists

masks:
Eugenia Romanelli
Romanelli
Raffaele Romanelli
Romanelli
Romanelli


title: Zechariah Chafee

type: original

texts:
<mask>. (December 7, 1885 – February 8, 1957), was an American judicial philosopher and civil rights advocate, described as "possibly the most important First Amendment scholar of the first half of the twentieth century" by Richard Primus. Chafee's avid defense of freedom of speech led to Senator Joseph McCarthy calling him  "dangerous" to America. Biography

<mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island, and graduated from Brown University, where he was a member of Alpha Delta Phi, in 1907. Later, he received a law degree from Harvard University, completing his LL.B. in 1913. He was influenced by the theories of sociological Jurisprudence presented by Roscoe Pound and others at Harvard. He  met Harold J. Laski, a political scientist and later Chairman of the United Kingdom's Labour Party, who became a lifelong friend, there.He practiced at the law firm of Tillinghast & Collins from 1913–1916. Chafee joined Harvard Law School as an assistant professor at Harvard Law School in 1916, and was promoted to full professor in 1919. He was appointed Langdell Professor of Law in 1938 and university professor in 1950. He remained at Harvard Law School until 1956. Chafee was also an authority on equity, interpleader, negotiable instruments, and unfair business competition. In 1936 Chafee drafted the Federal Interpleader Act of 1936 (); he considered this his foremost professional accomplishment. He became an expert on congressional apportionment and helped apportion seats in the United States House of Representatives based on the 1930, 1940 and 1950 censuses.In 1920 he was one of twelve lawyers reporting on illegal activities of the Department of Justice. Chafee nearly lost his job in 1921. He was brought before the Harvard Board of Overseers on a charge of radicalism for his questioning of the sentence handed down in Abrams v. United States . He defended himself eloquently before a special committee in the Harvard Club of Boston and was allowed to remain at the law school. From 1929 to 1931 Chafee was a consultant to the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement ( the Wickersham Commission)  for which he co-authored a report on lawlessness in law enforcement in 1931. He was Lowell Television Lecturer for the  1956-1957 academic year and finished a 16 lecture television series "The Constitution and Human Rights",  an adaptation of a general education course he developed here in 1950, on Boston's educational Channel, WGBH just before he died. Chafee received the following honorary degrees: Doctor of Law from St. John's University, in 1936, Brown University in 1937, and the University of Chicago in 1953; Doctor of Civil Law from Boston University in 1941; and Doctor of Letters from Colby College in 1944.He was a Fellow at Brown University, and a member of the American Philosophical Society, the American Bar Association, the Colonial Society of Massachusetts, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Massachusetts Historical Society, Alpha Delta Phi, Phi Beta Kappa, the Harvard Club of Boston, the Tavern Club (of Boston), and the Century Association). Civil liberties
Chafee wrote several works about civil liberties, including:
 Free Speech (1920)
 Free Speech in the United States, 1941 (expanded edition of Freedom of Speech)
 Government and Mass Communications, 1947
 The Blessings of Liberty, 1956

Chafee's first significant work (Freedom of Speech) established modern First Amendment theory. Inspired by the United States' suppression of radical speech and ideas during the First World War, Chafee edited and updated a collection of several of his journal articles. In these individual articles-cum-chapters, he assessed significant World War I cases, including those of Emma Goldman. He revised and reissued this work in 1941 as Free Speech in the United States, which became a leading treatise on First Amendment law. His scholarship on civil liberties was a major influence on Oliver Wendell Holmes's and Louis Brandeis's post-World War I jurisprudence, which first established the First Amendment as a significant source of civil liberties. Chafee met with Justice Holmes after the Schenck case , which upheld a conviction of an activist who encouraged draft resistance, and convinced him that free speech needed greater consideration.Shortly thereafter, Holmes joined Brandeis in a dissent in another World War I dissent case; this dissent is recognized as the foundation of modern First Amendment jurisprudence. Some of Chafee's more important work occurred through his membership on the American Bar Association's Bill of Rights Committee to 1938 to 1947. In this capacity he submitted briefs amicus curiae several Supreme Court of the United States cases. In (West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette,  Chafee submitted a amicus curiae brief to the Supreme Court hoping to persuade the Court to reverse an earlier decision upholding a state law requiring a salute to the flag  by children of Jehovah's Witnesses based in the principles of freedom of speech and freedom of religion. Chafee was, from 1943 from 1947, vice-chairman of the Commission on the Freedom of the Press (Hutchins Commission). The Commission was established in 1943 by Henry Luce to determine if freedom of the press was in danger in the United States and was chaired by Robert Maynard Hutchins. Chafee became an advocate for international human rights through his work as a representative on the United Nations Subcommission on Freedom of Information and the Press in 1947 through 1951.He was a United States delegate to the 1948 United Nations Conference on Freedom of Information and the Press. Family and personal life
Chafee married Bess Frank Searle in 1912 and had four children: <mask> <mask> III, Robert S<mask>, <mask> Brien, and <mask> Tillinghast. He and his wife both suffered nervous breakdowns and his son, Robert, committed suicide. He was the scion of a notable Rhode Island family that traced its Rhode Island lineage back to Roger Williams. His father, <mask> <mask> (Sr.), was long affiliated with Brown University. Chafee's nephew was United States Senator <mask>, who was also a former Governor of Rhode Island and U.S. Secretary of the Navy, and his grandnephew <mask> is a former Governor of Rhode Island and former U.S. Senator.Death
Chafee died in Boston, Massachusetts, on February 8, 1957 after suffering a heart attack a few days earlier. References

Further reading

 <mask> <mask> Jr., and Erika S. Chadbourn. The Zecharia <mask> Jr. Papers (Jan. 1987) (American Legal Manuscripts from the Harvard Law School Library; microform)

 Collins, Ronald K.L. Collins, The Fundamental Holmes: A Free Speech Chronicle and Reader (Cambridge, 2010). External links

University of Arkansas's Free Speech Philosophers — <mask> Chafee

1885 births
1957 deaths
Brown University alumni
American legal scholars
First Amendment scholars
Free speech activists
20th-century American lawyers
Philosophers of law
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard Law School faculty
Lawyers from Providence, Rhode Island
Equity (law)
Chafee family

masks:
Zechariah Chafee Jr
Chafee
Zechariah
Chafee
. Chafee
Anne Chafee
Ellen Chafee
Zechariah
Chafee
John Chafee
Lincoln Chafee
Zechariah
Chafee
Chafee
Zechariah


title: Brigid Arthur

texts:
<mask> (born 1934), also known as Sister <mask> csb, <mask>, Marie Therese/a <mask>, is an Australian Brigidine sister, co-founder of  the Brigidine Asylum Seekers Project, litigation guardian for children, public speaker and advocate for refugees, teacher and principal of several Catholic secondary colleges, author, trustee of Kildare Ministries, Life Member of Catholic Social Services Victoria and a winner of the 2021 Pro Bono Public Impact Award. Early life

<mask>, eldest of eight children, grew up on the family's farm near Kaniva in regional Victoria, Australia. She credits her mother, Winnie, as being a strong influence on her; a woman who spoke her mind, valued education and made sure her daughters and sons were educated at Catholic boarding schools. <mask> attended St Brigid's College at Horsham and in her final years there was involved in the Young Christian Students (YCS) who discussed the gospel and social justice issues. The YCS had the same principles as the Young Catholic Workers (See, Judge, Act) which she applied in her later career in education and asylum seeker justice. She entered the Brigidine novitiate in Malvern in 1953 and made her final vows in 1959. The Brigidines are a teaching order so <mask> also attended the in-house teacher training college.She says she loved teaching from her first day at Kilmaire, the Brigidine school in Hawthorn. Ministry and career

Education
<mask>'s first career was as a teacher then principal in a number of Catholic secondary schools in Victoria. She continued to study at university, in time obtaining degrees in arts (Melbourne University), Education, Mathematics, Science and Religious Education (Australian Catholic University, La Trobe University, Monash University and Melbourne University) and a master's degree in Religious Education (Fordham University, New York). She also studied theology at Yarra Theological Union. Educator
<mask> was principal of at least three schools, Marian College, West Sunshine, St Augustine's, Kyabram, and St Brigid's College, Horsham. In 1972 she was a founding member of the Principals Association of Victorian Catholic Secondary Schools, later a founding member of the Brigidine Secondary Schools Council and chair in 2006 of the first Catholic Leaders Religious Congregations Victoria Schools' Committee. The Principals Association created the Sr Brigid Arthur Social Justice Fund to give financial support to Victorian Catholic Secondary Schools for nominated social justice causes in Australia and overseas.Support and justice for asylum seekers
Prior to establishing the Brigidine Asylum Seekers Project (BSP) in 2001 with fellow sister Catherine Kelly (dec. 2015), <mask> had been living and working in the western suburbs of Melbourne where waves of new migrants and refugees arrived and she got to know some of the families. She was in a Brigidine sisters and allies social justice group who, in the 1990s, identified people seeking asylum in Australia as a group needing support and immigration detention as a justice issue. She wrote letters to asylum seekers and visited them in detention. One of her first visits was to Maribyrnong Detention Centre where she befriended a detainee who was on crutches, as she was (after she had a hip injury from being  assaulted). From him, she learned of other detainees needing support and began to help them. <mask> also recounts in interviews another pivotal time that influenced her: In Christmas 1975, she was crossing the border from Mexico to the US, where Mexican immigrants were lined up in a queue for days trying to get into the US, some to reunite with their families. She was taken by an official to the top of the queue and her papers quickly processed, giving her privileged access over the border.The BSP provides practical support such as accommodation, food, financial support, assistance with visas, family reunions, English teaching, employment and more. Until 2015 support for asylum seekers included taking families on day trips out from detention before excursions were banned. At the start of the BASP, co-founder Catherine Kelly studied and became a Migration Agent so she could act legally on behalf of asylum seekers, helping them navigate the visa and immigration system. In 2002 <mask> helped two boys, the Bakhtiari brothers, who had escaped from Woomera Detention Centre, by meeting and escorting them into the British Consulate in Melbourne to seek asylum. In 2015 Libby Saunders became co-Project Coordinator. The BASP is co-located at the Brigidine Ministry Centre (former Brigidine Sisters convent) in Albert Park, Victoria with Kildare Ministries, and Australian Catholic Religious Against Trafficking in Humans. In 2018, the BASP became part of Kildare Ministries, responsible for 10 secondary schools and three community services.Showing the relationship between faith and work with asylum seekers, the BASP takes as its motto a quote from a parable told by Jesus Christ, "I was a stranger and you made me welcome" (Matthew 25:35). <mask> said this of the connection between her faith and her social justice activities, "Catholics really do have an imperative. As part of the Gospel, we are called to stand up for these extremely vulnerable people...There are two different ways of making a difference. One way is making a difference to the people themselves who are suffering, they need someone to walk beside them and know that some people do care. The government might not appear to care but there are a number of people who do and that gives them some heart and makes a very big difference in their lives. From the other side we need people who will try to change minds, change policies, change regulations and change practices. We need to concentrate on both."<mask> is a member of the National Council of Churches in Australia, Australian Churches Refugee Taskforce and has been involved in Love Makes a Way, a group which organises peaceful sit-ins and prayer vigils at politician's offices to protest asylum-seeker policies. Litigation guardian
A litigation guardian is appointed by a court to represent vulnerable individuals and manage their legal affairs (for example, a child under the age of 18 or a person who cannot act in their own best interests). <mask> has acted as litigation guardian for children in immigration detention, children kept in adult prisons and most recently teenage environmental activists. She said in an interview in 2021 that she had lost count of the court cases she had been involved in since 2001, "I honestly don't know how many". She does not seem fazed by the potential for the court to order her to pay legal costs, "I have very little money that belongs to me. They could take that, I guess." Here are some court cases where she is named as litigation guardian:

 2011 for Afghan boys at Melbourne Immigration Transit Accommodation Centre, a case which went to the High Court, to change the law to stop children from being held in detention.2014 for a six-year-old girl held in immigration detention on Christmas Island for over a year, seeking compensation for medical conditions resulting from detention. About this case, <mask> said, "I have been visiting people in detention and supporting them when they are released since 2001 and I'm convinced that detention is totally damaging for all people, especially for children. It is a form of gratuitous cruelty. I have seen children go from being bubbly and normal kids to being sad and unhealthy." 2017 for teenage boys to remove them from the Grevillea Unit at Barwon adult prison to an appropriate juvenile justice centre. 2021 for eight young people seeking an injunction to prevent the environment minister from approving a coal mine and declaration of a duty of care to children to be recognised. Public speaking and advocacy
A primary aim of the BASP is to provide hospitality and practical support, but one of <mask>'s main roles is to advocate and speak publicly for refugees and asylum seekers.At the Palm Sunday walk in 2021, she said, "We need to feel outrage. It galvanises us into action that demands change. And to collectively give voice to that outrage ... We hope that by next Palm Sunday we're celebrating that things have changed for the better. Until we do that, we place in jeopardy the kind of society we claim to be." Other public speaking events have included:
 #SetThemFree Campaign, 2022
 Liberty Victoria's Rights Advocacy Project 'Bridging the Department's Visa Blindspot', 2021
Walk for Justice for Refugees, Palm Sunday, 28 March 2021, Melbourne
Rural Australians for Refugees, 2020
The Conversation Hour: Fran Bailey, Kon Karapanagiotidis, Sr Brigid <mask>, 2018
 Meditation and compassionate social action: A Colloquium presented by The Contemplary and Confluence, 2018
Melbourne Parish Asylum Seeker Support Forum, 2017
Social Justice Statement ceremony, 2016
Circle of Silence, 2016
"Springvale bank fire: Asylum seekers' lives precarious, say advocates", The Age, 2016
"Who are these people who seek asylum in Australia? Then what happens to them when they get here?”, in Social Justice in the city, VinniesVictoria, 2016
"Faith and feminism" breakout session, Victorian Women's Trust Breakthrough conference, 2016
Asylum seeker and refugee forum, Ballarat Diocesan Social Justice Commission, 2015
March for Justice for Refugees, 2014
 Religious and Legal Attitudes on Refugees, Australian Council of Christians & Jews, 2013

Publications
<mask> often writes submissions to parliamentary inquiries on behalf of the BASP and has also co-written an education reference work, and reports about refugees and detention centres. Her publications include:
 Submission to the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee inquiry into the Migration Amendment (Prohibiting Items in Immigration Detention Facilities) Bill 2020, 2020
"The Kafkaesque world of the North West Point Immigration Detention Centre on Christmas Island", in Green Left, with Pamela Curr, 2016
Submission o the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Intelligence and Security, Review of Administration and Expenditure No.9 (2009 - 2010) - Australian Intelligence Agencies, 2012
Submission to the Joint Select Committee on Australia's Immigration Detention Network, 2011
 "Humanising the face of the refugee" in Gesher, The official journal of The Council of Christians & Jews (Victoria) Inc, 2011
Developing essential learning areas: an integrated education program in a Victorian non-government school, Sister <mask> <mask>, Eva Clothier, 1985

References

External links
 The Year that Made Me: <mask> <mask> CSB
 Groves, Ursula (2019). Heart and hope: A history of the Brigidine Asylum Seekers Project, 2001-2018 . Brigidine Asylum Seekers Project. Brigidine Asylum Seeker Project
 The Briefing: A nun and eight teenagers walk into a courtroom
 Podcasts featuring <mask> <mask>

1934 births
Australian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Brigidine Sisters
Australian Christians
Australian religious leaders
Living people

masks:
Brigid Arthur
Bid Arthur
Marie Bid Arthur
Arthur
Brigid Arthur
Brigid
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Brigid
Arthur
Brigid
Arthur
Brigid
Arthur


title: Calvin Harris

texts:
Adam Richard Wiles (born 17 January 1984), known professionally as <mask>, is a Scottish DJ, record producer, singer, and songwriter. After focusing on self-sung projects, in 2012, <mask> released his third studio album, 18 Months, involving various vocalists and more EDM into it—first establishing <mask> internationally. His debut studio album, I Created Disco, was released in June 2007. Its singles "Acceptable in the 80s" and "The Girls" both reached the top 10 in the UK. In 2009, he released his second studio album, Ready for the Weekend, which debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart and whose lead single, "I'm Not Alone", became his first song to top the UK Singles Chart. In 2012, <mask> rose to international prominence with the release of his third studio album, 18 Months, which topped the UK Albums Chart and became his first album to chart on the US Billboard 200, peaking at number 19. All eight of the album's singles reached the top 10 in the UK, breaking the record for the most top 10 songs from one studio album on the UK Singles Chart with eight entries, surpassing Michael Jackson's record.In 2014, he released his fourth studio album, Motion, which debuted at number two in the UK and number five in the US. In 2017, he released his fifth studio album, Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1, which reached the top two in the UK and the US and became his third consecutive number one album on the US Dance/Electronic Albums chart. In October 2014, <mask> became the first artist to place three songs simultaneously on the top 10 of Billboard Dance/Electronic Songs chart. He also became the first UK solo artist to reach more than one billion streams on Spotify. <mask> has received 18 Brit Award nominations–winning British Producer of the Year and British Single of the Year for "One Kiss" with Dua Lipa, both in 2019, as well as five Grammy nominations, including a win for Best Music Video in 2013. In 2013 he also received the Ivor Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors, and was named the Top Dance/Electronic Artist at the 2015 Billboard Music Awards.He appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the United Kingdom. He topped Forbes list of the world's highest-paid DJs for six consecutive years from 2013 to 2018. Early life and beginnings
Adam Richard Wiles was born on 17 January 1984 in Dumfries, to English parents, David Wiles, a biochemist, and Pamela Wiles ( Noon), a housewife, who married in their native Oxford before moving to Dumfries. He has an elder sister, Sophie, and an elder brother, Edward. Wiles attended Calside Primary School then Dumfries High School, and, after leaving school, he stocked shelves in supermarkets and worked in a local fish processing factory in order to buy DJ gear. He was first attracted to electronic music in his teens and began recording bedroom demos in 1999. When <mask> was 18, he released two songs, "Da Bongos" and "Brighter Days".Both were released as 12-inch club singles and CD-EPs by the label Prima Facie in early 2002 under the name "Stouffer". With these singles to his credit, <mask> moved from Scotland to London, hoping to learn from the local music scene. Only one of his songs, "Let Me Know" with vocalist Ayah Marar on the Unabombers' 2004 live-mix CD Electric Soul, Vol. 2, was released during his time in London. With the lack of job opportunities and money, he returned home to Dumfries and began posting homemade solo recordings to his Myspace page. His popularity on the social media website prompted Mark Gillespie, a talent booker for the dance-festival firm Global Gathering who had recently founded his own management firm, to make <mask> the company's first signee. Regarding his choice of his stage name, <mask> stated that, "My first single was more of a soul track, and I thought <mask> sounded a bit more racially ambiguous.I thought people might not know if I was black or not. After that, I was stuck with it." Career

2006–2008: Career beginnings and I Created Disco

<mask> signed contracts with Three Six Zero Group (management), EMI (publishing), and Sony BMG (recording) in 2006 after he had been discovered on the social networking website Myspace. Later in 2006, <mask> produced a remix of All Saints' single "Rock Steady". <mask>'s debut album, I Created Disco, was released in June 2007. He started working on the album in 2006 after he moved back from living in London to his hometown of Dumfries. All 14 tracks were written, produced, and performed solely by <mask>, and all recording and producing for the album took place on an Amiga computer.To promote I Created Disco, <mask> embarked on a tour of the UK, supporting Faithless and Groove Armada. I Created Disco was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). It reached number eight on the UK Albums Chart and number 19 on the US Top Electronic Albums. The album contained uptempo electroclash songs that were influenced by music from the 1980s. The song, "Vegas", was issued on limited edition vinyl. The first wide-release single from the album was released in March 2007. "Acceptable in the 80s", a tribute to the style and culture of the decade, peaked at number ten on the UK Singles Chart, remaining on the chart for 15 weeks."The Girls", the album's second single, peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart. The third and final release from the album, "Merrymaking at My Place", peaked at number 43 on the chart. The same year, <mask> caught the attention of Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue after his recordings had been passed on to her by another record producer. This led to him co-writing and producing two songs, "Heart Beat Rock" and "In My Arms", on her 2007 album X, the latter becoming a top 10 single in the UK. <mask> said that working with Minogue was "surreal, but fun" although he admitted to Mixmag in 2007 to "needing a few drinks before meeting her". <mask> also contributed the song "Off & On" to Róisín Murphy's album Overpowered, but it was cut from the album. <mask> would later give the song to Sophie Ellis-Bextor to record for her 2011 album Make a Scene.<mask> also produced a remix of the second single "4th of July (Fireworks)" from Kelis' album Flesh Tone. He additionally reworked singles by Jamiroquai, Groove Armada, All Saints, and CSS. In 2008, <mask> collaborated with rapper Dizzee Rascal on his single "Dance wiv Me", producing the track and singing the hook. The single topped the UK Singles Chart for four weeks and was certified platinum by the BPI, selling 600,000 copies. It was shortlisted for the 2008 Popjustice £20 Music Prize. In 2009, it received a Brit Award nomination for British Single and an Ivor Novello Award nomination for Best Contemporary Song. On 18 October 2008, <mask> was featured on BBC Radio 1's Essential Mix on a two-hour set.2008–2010: Ready for the Weekend

<mask>'s second album, Ready for the Weekend, was released in August 2009 and entered at number one on the UK Albums Chart, being certified gold by the BPI within two months of release. Eleven of the fourteen tracks on the album were sung, produced, and written solely by <mask>. "I'm Not Alone", released as the album's lead single in April 2009, debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart. The follow-up single, "Ready for the Weekend", reached number three. The third single, "Flashback", featuring Jordanian singer Ayah Marar reached number eighteen in the UK. During promotion of the album, <mask> hosted a series of videos on YouTube titled Jam TV, in which musicians such as Florence Welch, Goldie, and Katy Perry tried to open pots of jam. At the 2010 Brit Awards, <mask> received a nomination for Best British Male.On 8 February 2010, "You Used to Hold Me" was released as the fourth and final single from the album. It peaked at number 27 on the UK Singles Chart. The song marked the last time <mask> regularly sang on his records, opting to focus more on music production while having guest singers provide the vocals for him. The same year, shortly after his "Ready for the Weekend tour" wrapped up, <mask> parted ways with members of his band in which he served as lead vocalist and made the decision to stop doing live shows. In an interview with Billboard, <mask> said that, "I thought I'd exhausted every avenue [on the two albums] and it takes a long time to make me sound good, which is why I stopped singing live as well. I'd like to think of someone who's better-looking, a better singer, better dancer to be the frontperson for the song." He also released several remixes, including remixes of Shakira's "She Wolf", Katy Perry's "Waking Up in Vegas", Mr Hudson's "Supernova" (featuring Kanye West), and Mika's "We Are Golden".<mask> also produced Dizzee Rascal's next single titled "Holiday", which topped the UK Singles Chart in August 2009. <mask> made a guest appearance as vocalist on Tiësto's song "Century" on the Dutch producer's album, Kaleidoscope. <mask> also produced and mixed The Ting Tings' single Hands which was released on 18 August 2010. The song was originally set to become the first single of the duo's second studio album, but they cancelled the album plans and the song was included as a bonus track on the deluxe edition of Sounds from Nowheresville. On 14 November 2009, <mask> invaded the stage of the ITV talent competition The X Factor during a live performance by Irish contestants John and Edward Grimes, holding a pineapple on his head. He later apologised on Twitter. <mask> claimed that Chris Brown's "Yeah 3x", released in October 2010, plagiarised his 2009 single "I'm Not Alone".After considering similarities between the two songs, <mask> was subsequently added to the songwriting credits on the single and the F.A.M.E. album. <mask> was also featured on Kylie Minogue's eleventh studio album, Aphrodite, collaborating the track "Too Much". 2011–2013: 18 Months and international prominence

In 2011, <mask> toured as a support act for the European leg of Barbadian singer Rihanna's Loud Tour. Rihanna was quoted as saying, "<mask> is the perfect fit for the Loud Tour. He is going to bring something unique and fun for the fans." <mask> played the 2011 Mardi Gras Party in Sydney on 5 March.<mask> was also featured on LMFAO's album Sorry for Party Rocking, appearing on the track "Reminds Me of You," which is based on <mask>'s own song "Awooga." <mask> produced Tinchy Stryder's second single, "Off the Record," from his fourth studio album, Full Tank. The track had its premiere on 15 September 2011 and was released in the UK on 6 November 2011. <mask> released the single "Bounce", the first single from his upcoming album, a collaboration with Kelis that debuted at number two on the UK Singles Chart in June 2011. "Feel So Close", the second single from the album, was released in August 2011 and also reached number two in the United Kingdom. "Feel So Close" became his first solo entry on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, peaking at number 12. He performed at the 2011 Jingle Bell Ball concert and was announced as one of the headline acts at a number of Southern Hemisphere 2011/2012 new year music festivals.Following a stint as the support act on the Australian leg of Rihanna's tour, <mask> produced Rihanna's songs "We Found Love" and "Where Have You Been". The former was included on <mask>'s upcoming album 18 Months and premiered on Capital FM radio in the UK on 22 September 2011. "We Found Love" topped the charts in 27 countries worldwide, including the UK where it became <mask>'s third UK number one, peaked in the top 10 in 30 countries, and broke many records worldwide. Topping the Billboard Hot 100 for 10 non-consecutive weeks, it was <mask>'s first US number one and was also Rihanna's longest-running US number one and the longest-running number one of 2011. "We Found Love" was later ranked number 24 on the list of the all-time top 100 songs on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2013, "We Found Love" was placed at number three on Billboards top 10 dance-pop collaborations of all time. <mask> co-wrote and co-produced the bonus track "One Life" for R&B singer Mary J. Blige's album My Life II...The Journey Continues (2011). He also worked with the pop band Scissor Sisters on the single "Only the Horses" from their fourth studio album, Magic Hour. He wrote and produced Cheryl Cole's single "Call My Name", the lead single from her third album A Million Lights. He also produced a remix of Florence and the Machine's "Spectrum" titled "Spectrum (Say My Name)". The song was released as the album's fifth single on 5 July 2012. It was serviced to radio in the UK on 2 July 2012. It became the group's first single to peak at number one on the UK Singles Chart."Let's Go" featuring Ne-Yo, the third single from the album, was released in April 2012 and reached number two in the UK Singles Chart. It was his second US Billboard Hot 100 appearance as a main artist, charting at number 17. The song received a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 55th Grammy Awards which was held in February 2013. The album's fourth single "We'll Be Coming Back" was released in July 2012. Featuring rapper Example, it peaked at number two in the UK. The fifth single, "Sweet Nothing", features Florence Welch of Florence and the Machine and was released on 14 October 2012. It peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100.The song received a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 56th Grammy Awards. His third studio album, 18 Months, was released on 29 October 2012. <mask> eventually made UK chart history by becoming the first artist to attain eight top-10 singles from one studio album, breaking the record previously set by Michael Jackson. In March 2017, the record was surpassed once again by Ed Sheeran, after his album ÷ spawned 10 top-10 songs on the UK chart. 18 Months received a nomination for Best Dance/Electronica Album at the 56th Grammy Awards. <mask> was also nominated for Best British Male Solo Artist at the 2013 Brit Awards in February. <mask> was the house DJ at the 2012 MTV Video Music Awards held at the Staples Center, Los Angeles, where he won Best Electronic Video for "Feel So Close" and Video of the Year alongside Rihanna for "We Found Love".<mask> Novello Awards held at the Grosvenor House Hotel, London in May, <mask> Novello Award for Songwriter of the Year, with <mask> calling it "easily the greatest achievement of my entire life". In 2012, <mask> made statements explaining why he wanted to stop singing on tracks stating, "I want each track as good as it can possibly be, which usually means me not singing on it." 2013–2015: Motion and "How Deep Is Your Love"

On 7 October 2013, <mask> and Swedish DJ Alesso released a collaborative single with synthpop duo Hurts called "Under Control" as the first single from his fourth album. The song debuted at number one in the UK. Later that month, <mask> remixed The Killers' song "When You Were Young" for the deluxe edition of their greatest hits album Direct Hits. He unveiled the full six-minute version through Rolling Stone and told the magazine: "It was a real honour to be asked to remix one of my favourite modern bands, and it was an exciting challenge for me to update this classic track for the

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title: Calvin Harris

texts:
 dance-floor in a tasteful and respectful way".On 14 March 2014, <mask>'s song "Summer" premiered on the UK's Capital FM. The track which was released as the album's second single debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming <mask>'s sixth UK number-one single. It also became <mask>'s highest-charting solo single on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number seven. "Summer" was Spotify's most-streamed track of 2014 with over 200 million streams. <mask> also produced the single "I Will Never Let You Down" for British singer Rita Ora. On 18 May 2014, the song debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, two weeks after his song "Summer" debuted at the top of the charts. In April 2014, <mask> performed on the main stage of Coachella Festival.His set attracted the second largest crowd in the festival's history, topped only by the 2012 set of Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg which featured a hologram of Tupac Shakur. That year, he was also a headline act at several prominent music festivals, including Lollapalooza, Austin City Limits Music Festival, the iTunes Festival in London, Electric Daisy Carnival, and the iHeartRadio Music Festival. The third single, "Blame", was a collaboration with vocalist John Newman. It was released in September 2014 to positive reviews from music critics and debuted at number one on the UK Singles Chart, giving <mask> his third consecutive UK number-one single (and his seventh solo single overall). After the release of the song, <mask> became the first British solo artist to reach more than a billion streams on Spotify. Later that month, <mask> uploaded an instrumental track called "C.U.B.A." to SoundCloud."Outside", the fourth single from the album, featuring Ellie Goulding, was released in October 2014. It marked the second collaboration between <mask> and Goulding, following the internationally successful single "I Need Your Love" from 2013. The instrumental track "Slow Acid" was released as a promotional single from the album on 14 October 2014. His fourth album, Motion, was released on 4 November 2014. It includes the previously released singles "Under Control", "Summer", "Blame", and "Outside". Another track from the album, "Pray to God", featuring rock band trio Haim, was released on 11 February 2015. At the 2015 Brit Awards, "Summer" was nominated for Best British Single and British Artist Video of the Year.At the 2015 Glamour Awards in London on 2 June, <mask> was named Glamour UK's Man of the Year. He was also ranked 6th on Billboards Top 30 EDM Power Players. The same month, he was part of the main stage line-up at the Electric Daisy Carnival held in Las Vegas. On 17 July 2015, <mask> and London-based production trio Disciples released the single "How Deep Is Your Love". The song peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart, giving <mask> his 19th top-10 entry in the UK. It peaked at number one on the ARIA Charts, giving <mask> his first chart-topper in Australia. The song peaked at number three on the Hot Dance/Electronic Songs in the US and marked <mask>'s eighth top-10 entry since the chart's launch, making it the most of any act.In September, <mask> was featured on Dillon Francis's EP This Mixtape Is Fire, collaborating on a Moombahton-style track entitled "What's Your Name". At the 2016 Brit Awards, <mask> received three nominations: Best British Male Solo Artist, "How Deep Is Your Love" for British Single of the Year, and Best British Video. 2016–2017: Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1
<mask> released a new single titled "This Is What You Came For", which features Rihanna, on 29 April 2016. The single debuted at number two on the UK Singles Chart. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming <mask>'s second top five song. It also reached number one on the US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs, became <mask>'s tenth number one on sister chart Dance/Mix Show Airplay and his fourth chart-topper on the Hot Dance Club Songs Chart.It topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and the Republic of Ireland and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Germany, Ireland, New Zealand and Switzerland. On 24 June 2016, <mask> released a collaboration with Dizzee Rascal, titled "Hype". On 8 July 2016, John Newman released the track "Olé", which was produced by <mask>. On 16 September 2016, <mask> released "My Way", where he also performed vocals for the song. On 21 February 2017, he announced the song "Slide", his collaboration with American singer-songwriter Frank Ocean and hip hop group Migos. The song was released on 25 February 2017. <mask> released a collaboration with Young Thug, Ariana Grande, and Pharrell Williams titled "Heatstroke" on 31 March 2017.In May, he announced that his forthcoming fifth studio album, Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1, would be released on 30 June 2017. The album featured appearances from the likes of Travis Scott, Kehlani, Future, Katy Perry, Big Sean, John Legend, Khalid, Schoolboy Q, DRAM, Nicki Minaj, Lil Yachty, Jessie Reyez, PartyNextDoor and Snoop Dogg. 2018–present: Standalone singles and Love Regenerator alias
On 8 February 2018, <mask> collaborated with PartyNextDoor to release a dancehall-influenced house track titled "Nuh Ready Nuh Ready". On 6 April 2018, he released "One Kiss" with Dua Lipa. On 17 August 2018, the next single "Promises" was released with Sam Smith. The music video for the song was released on 4 September and honours the LGBTQ community with references to the ball scene and voguing.In November 2018, he released "I Found You", a collaboration with Benny Blanco. The song features his first time singing on a track since his 2016 single "My Way". It peaked at number 29 in the UK. On 22 October 2018, <mask> collaborated with Normani on the two track EP Normani x <mask>. He topped Forbes' Highest-Paid DJs of 2018, becoming his sixth consecutive year to top the list (2013–2018). His next single "Giant", a collaboration with English singer Rag'n'Bone Man was released in January 2019, peaking in the top 10 in several countries, including at number 2 in the UK. That year, mega-club Ushuaïa Ibiza booked <mask> for a weekly Friday DJ residency for six weeks in August and September 2019.In 2020, <mask> went on "rediscover the way he originally began producing music 22 years ago" and released two EPs, Love Regenerator 1 and Love Regenerator 2, under his Love Regenerator alias. The third EP Love Regenerator 3 was released on 13 March 2020. On 22 August 2020, <mask> announced his new song called, "Over Now" with Canadian singer The Weeknd. The song was released on 28 August 2020. On 21 May 2021, <mask> announced the song "By Your Side" featuring Tom Grennan. The song was released on 4 June 2021. Musical style
Following his professed disinterest in the genre of EDM in late 2016,  <mask> transitioned to funk on his fifth studio album Funk Wav Bounces Vol.1. In 2016, <mask> stated that Jamiroquai and Fatboy Slim had inspired him to make music. Endorsements
In 2008, the artwork of <mask>'s debut album I Created Disco was featured as part of a multicoloured iPod nano campaign on TV and in print in the US. In 2009, <mask> teamed up with Coca-Cola for their 'Open Happiness' advertising campaign in the UK. <mask> wrote and produced an exclusive track for the brand called 'Yeah Yeah Yeah, La La La' which was featured on TV, digital, outdoor and on-pack promotional activity and was offered on 'Coke Zone' website for free download. The same year, <mask>'s song "Colours" was featured in Kia Motors's hamster television advertisement for the Kia Soul EV. In 2012, <mask> was featured in the Pepsi Max commercial for their football campaign.Titled "crowd surfing", the advert showed <mask> on the DJ deck playing his single "Let's Go" to the crowd of partygoers alongside star footballers Lionel Messi, Didier Drogba, Fernando Torres, Frank Lampard, Sergio Agüero and Jack Wilshere. In 2013, <mask> teamed up with Sol Republic to create their first studio-tuned, professional-calibre headphones. The partnership involved designing a customised look for the headphones and redesigning its drivers to <mask>'s specifications. On 17 December 2014, <mask> was announced as the new face of Emporio Armani for its men's underwear line for the Spring/Summer 2015 season. He was also named the worldwide testimonial of the Emporio Armani eyewear and watch collection. The black and white campaign was shot in Los Angeles by photographer Boo George. <mask> returned as the face of the brand underwear line, eyewear and watch line for their Emporio Armani Fall/Winter 2015/2016 campaign.The images, shot by Lachlan Bailey, were released in July 2015. Other ventures
In March 2010, <mask> launched his own vanity label, Fly Eye Records. Most of the label's releases belong to the EDM genre. In 2014, the label formed a partnership with Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Later that year, <mask> was appointed as the head of the artists and repertoire team at the dance label Deconstruction Records. In early 2012, <mask> signed an exclusive DJ residency deal with Wynn Las Vegas which included gigs at three of the luxury resort's avenues: Encore Beach Club, Surrender and XS Nightclub. In February 2013, <mask> signed as the first exclusive resident DJ with the Abu Dhabi-owned hospitality company Hakkasan Group in Las Vegas.The 20-month residency saw him play 46 dates at MGM Grand's Hakkasan nightclub, as well as 22 additional gigs at the MGM Grand's Wet Republic. In January 2015, he extended his partnership with the Hakkasan group for three more years, which includes residencies at three of the group's Las Vegas venues (Hakkasan nightclub, Wet Republic and Omnia Nightclub at Caesars Palace). <mask> also serves as the Group's music consultant for its restaurants, nightclubs and hotels, globally. On 30 March 2015, <mask> was announced as a co-owner, along with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Rapper Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay Z, 16 artist stakeholders (such as Kanye West, Beyoncé, Madonna, Chris Martin and Nicki Minaj) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake.The idea of having a completely artist-owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. Philanthropy
In September 2007, <mask> performed in the charity event "Wasted Youth" in aid of the Campaign Against Living Miserably at KOKO nightclub in Camden Town, London. The event aimed to draw attention to the issue of youth suicide among men in the UK and to raise awareness and money for the charity. In 2008, he supported Shelter's campaign "Hometime Scotland" which pledges to end homelessness and bad housing in Scotland. In 2010, <mask> performed live in The War Child's post-Brit Awards show (alongside La Roux and Kasabian) which took place at the Shepherd's Bush Empire, London. The event raised funds and public awareness on children affected by violence in war zones. In February 2012, <mask> teamed up with several other artists (including Rihanna and Coldplay) to perform at a charity concert with all proceeds from the show going to the Children's Orthopaedic Center at the Children's Hospital Los Angeles.In November 2012, <mask> contributed several songs to Tiësto's compilation album Dance (RED) Save Lives in collaboration with anti-AIDS charity Product Red which was aimed at creating awareness on the fight for an AIDS Free Generation. <mask> participated in a global live stream of the Stereosonic music festival in Melbourne, Australia which took place on World AIDS Day on 1 December 2012. The proceeds from both the album and the event were donated for the cause. Following the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, <mask> revealed on his Instagram that he donated his fees from his show at Omnia Nightclub to the Las Vegas Victims fund. Later that year, <mask> donated $20,000 to DJ Snake charity campaign to benefit the Rohingyas, people living in Myanmar that have consistently been attacked by the Myanmar government and are being pushed out of their home with nowhere to go. The situation in Myanmar has been deemed "beyond critical" by Amnesty International. In July 2020, <mask> donated £20,000 for the Save Our Sub campaign to benefit Glasgow's Sub Club which was at risk of permanent closure after temporarily closing doors on March due to the coronavirus pandemic.Income
<mask> is one of the highest paid disk jockeys/producers. Forbes began reporting on <mask>'s earnings in 2013, calculating that he earned $46 million between May 2012 and May 2013, for his music, tour and his residency in Las Vegas which placed him as the highest-paid DJ of the year. In 2014, <mask> came in at number one on the list again for the second consecutive year with a total of $66 million in annual earnings. In 2015, <mask> topped the highest-paid DJs list for a third consecutive year, having earned $66 million over the previous 12 months. On The Sunday Times Rich List published in April 2015, <mask> was ranked the 30th richest British millionaire in music, with a personal fortune of £70 million ($105 million). In 2018, he made $48.5 million. Personal life
<mask> dated Rita Ora from 2013 to June 2014.From March 2015 to June 2016, <mask> dated American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. <mask> has been in an on-again, off-again relationship with American model Aarika Wolf since 2014. They started dating after Wolf appeared in the music video for his song "Blame". <mask> stopped drinking alcohol in 2008, stating, "I wasn't an alcoholic or anything like that, but it was clearly affecting what I do." He is a supporter of his hometown football team Queen of the South. <mask> considered writing a song to celebrate the team reaching the 2008 Scottish Cup Final, but the idea was scrapped due to the time constraints recording his 2009 album Ready for the Weekend. Queen of the South would go on to lose the match 2-3 to Rangers.Discography

 I Created Disco (2007)
 Ready for the Weekend (2009)
 18 Months (2012)
 Motion (2014)
 Funk Wav Bounces Vol. 1 (2017)

Concert tours
 Groove Armada: Soundboy Rock tour (2007)
 Faithless: To All New Arrivals tour (2007)
 Ready for the Weekend tour (2009–2010)
 Deadmau5 and Skrillex: Unhooked tour (2010)
 Rihanna: Last Girl on Earth (2010–2011)
 Rihanna: Loud Tour (2011)
 Greater Than Tour (with Tiësto), UK and Ireland (2013)

Filmography

References

External links

1984 births
21st-century Scottish male singers
Brit Award winners
British dance musicians
Scottish male singer-songwriters
British synth-pop musicians
Columbia Records artists
Electro house musicians
Electronic dance music DJs
Electropop musicians
Grammy Award winners
Ivor Novello Award winners
Living people
Ministry of Sound artists
NME Awards winners
Nu-disco musicians
People educated at Dumfries High School
People from Dumfries
Remixers
Scottish DJs
Scottish expatriates in the United States
Scottish house musicians
Scottish people of English descent
Scottish record producers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Tracker musicians
Ultra Records

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title: Jerome

texts:
<mask> (; ; ;  – 30 September 420), also known as <mask> of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is commonly known as <mask>. <mask> was born at Stridon, a village near Emona on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for his translation of most of the Bible into Latin (the translation that became known as the Vulgate) and his commentaries on the whole Bible. <mask> attempted to create a translation of the Old Testament based on a Hebrew version, rather than the Septuagint, as Latin Bible translations used to be performed before him. His list of writings is extensive, and beside his Biblical works, he wrote polemical and historical essays, always from a theologian's perspective. <mask> was known for his teachings on Christian moral life, especially to those living in cosmopolitan centers such as Rome. In many cases, he focused his attention on the lives of women and identified how a woman devoted to Jesus should live her life.This focus stemmed from his close patron relationships with several prominent female ascetics who were members of affluent senatorial families. Due to <mask>'s work, he is recognised as a saint and Doctor of the Church by the Catholic Church, and as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran Church, and the Anglican Communion. His feast day is 30 September (Gregorian calendar). Biography

Early life
Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus was born at Stridon around 342–347 AD. He was of Illyrian ancestry, although whether he was able to speak the Illyrian language is a subject of controversy. He was not baptized until about 360–369 in Rome, where he had gone with his friend Bonosus of Sardica to pursue rhetorical and philosophical studies. (This Bonosus may or may not have been the same Bonosus whom <mask> identifies as his friend who went to live as a hermit on an island in the Adriatic.)<mask> studied under the grammarian Aelius Donatus. There he learned Latin and at least some Greek, though he probably did not yet acquire the familiarity with Greek literature that he later claimed to have acquired as a schoolboy. As a student, <mask> engaged in the superficial escapades and sexual experimentation of students in Rome; he indulged himself quite casually but he suffered terrible bouts of guilt afterwards. To appease his conscience, on Sundays he visited the sepulchers of the martyrs and the Apostles in the catacombs. This experience reminded him of the terrors of hell:

His quote from Virgil reads: "On all sides round horror spread wide; the very silence breathed a terror on my soul". Conversion to Christianity

Although initially sceptical of Christianity, he eventually converted. Seized with a desire for a life of ascetic penance, <mask> went for a time to the desert of Chalcis, to the southeast of Antioch, known as the "Syrian Thebaid" from the number of eremites inhabiting it.During this period, he seems to have found time for studying and writing. He made his first attempt to learn Hebrew under the guidance of a converted Jew; and he seems to have been in correspondence with Jewish Christians in Antioch. Around this time he had copied for him a Hebrew Gospel, of which fragments are preserved in his notes. It is known today as the Gospel of the Hebrews which the Nazarenes considered to be the true Gospel of Matthew. <mask> translated parts of this Hebrew Gospel into Greek. As protege of Pope Damasus, <mask> was given duties in Rome, and he undertook a revision of the Vetus Latina Gospels based on Greek manuscripts. He also updated the Psalter containing the Book of Psalms then in use in Rome, based on the Septuagint.In Rome, <mask> was surrounded by a circle of well-born and well-educated women, including some from the noblest patrician families, such as the widows Lea, Marcella and Paula, with Paula's daughters Blaesilla and Eustochium. The resulting inclination of these women towards the monastic life, away from the indulgent lasciviousness in Rome, and his unsparing criticism of the secular clergy of Rome, brought a growing hostility against him among the Roman clergy and their supporters. Soon after the death of his patron Pope Damasus I on 10 December 384, <mask> was forced to leave his position at Rome after an inquiry was brought up by the Roman clergy into allegations that he had an improper relationship with the widow Paula. Still, his writings were highly regarded by women who were attempting to maintain a vow of becoming a consecrated virgin. His letters were widely read and distributed throughout the Christian empire and it is clear through his writing that he knew these virgin women were not his only audience. Additionally, <mask>'s condemnation of Blaesilla's hedonistic lifestyle in Rome had led her to adopt ascetic practices, but it affected her health and worsened her physical weakness to the point that she died just four months after starting to follow his instructions; much of the Roman populace were outraged at <mask> for causing the premature death of such a lively young woman, and his insistence to Paula that Blaesilla should not be mourned, and complaints that her grief was excessive, were seen as heartless, polarising Roman opinion against him. Works

Translation of the Bible (382–405)

<mask> was a scholar at a time when that statement implied a fluency in Greek.He knew some Hebrew when he started his translation project, but moved to Jerusalem to strengthen his grip on Jewish scripture commentary. A wealthy Roman aristocrat, Paula, funded his stay in a monastery in Bethlehem and he completed his translation there. He began in 382 by correcting the existing Latin-language version of the New Testament, commonly referred to as the Vetus Latina. By 390 he turned to translating the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew, having previously translated portions from the Septuagint which came from Alexandria. He believed that the mainstream Rabbinical Judaism had rejected the Septuagint as invalid Jewish scriptural texts because of what were ascertained as mistranslations along with its Hellenistic heretical elements. He completed this work by 405. Prior to <mask>'s Vulgate, all Latin translations of the Old Testament were based on the Septuagint, not the Hebrew.<mask>'s decision to use a Hebrew text instead of the previous-translated Septuagint went against the advice of most other Christians, including Augustine, who thought the Septuagint inspired. Modern scholarship, however, has sometimes cast doubts on the actual quality of <mask>'s Hebrew knowledge. Many modern scholars believe that the Greek Hexapla is the main source for <mask>'s "iuxta Hebraeos" (i.e. "close to the Hebrews", "immediately following the Hebrews") translation of the Old Testament. However, detailed studies have shown that to a considerable degree <mask> was a competent Hebraist. Commentaries (405–420)

For the next 15 years, until he died, <mask> produced a number of commentaries on Scripture, often explaining his translation choices in using the original Hebrew rather than suspect translations. His patristic commentaries align closely with Jewish tradition, and he indulges in allegorical and mystical subtleties after the manner of Philo and the Alexandrian school.Unlike his contemporaries, he emphasizes the difference between the Hebrew Bible "Apocrypha" and the Hebraica veritas of the protocanonical books. In his Vulgate's prologues, he describes some portions of books in the Septuagint that were not found in the Hebrew as being non-canonical (he called them apocrypha); for Baruch, he mentions by name in his Prologue to Jeremiah and notes that it is neither read nor held among the Hebrews, but does not explicitly call it apocryphal or "not in the canon". His Preface to the Books of Samuel and Kings (commonly called the Helmeted Preface) includes the following statement, :
This preface to the Scriptures may serve as a "helmeted" introduction to all the books which we turn from Hebrew into Latin, so that we may be assured that what is not found in our list must be placed amongst the Apocryphal writings. Wisdom, therefore, which generally bears the name of Solomon, and the book of Jesus, the Son of Sirach, and Judith, and Tobias, and the Shepherd are not in the canon. The first book of Maccabees I have found to be Hebrew, the second is Greek, as can be proved from the very style. Although <mask> was once suspicious of the Apocrypha, he later viewed them as Scripture. For example, in <mask>'s letter to Eustochium he quotes Sirach 13:2; elsewhere <mask> also refers to Baruch, the Story of Susannah and Wisdom as scripture.<mask>'s commentaries fall into three groups:

Historical and hagiographic writings

Description of vitamin A deficiency
The following passage, taken from Saint <mask>'s "Life of St. Hilarion" which was written about 392, appears to be the earliest account of the etiology, symptoms and cure of severe vitamin A deficiency:

Letters

<mask>'s letters or epistles, both by the great variety of their subjects and by their qualities of style, form an important portion of his literary remains. Whether he is discussing problems of scholarship, or reasoning on cases of conscience, comforting the afflicted, or saying pleasant things to his friends, scourging the vices and corruptions of the time and against sexual immorality among the clergy, exhorting to the ascetic life and renunciation of the world, or breaking a lance with his theological opponents, he gives a vivid picture not only of his own mind, but of the age and its peculiar characteristics. Because there was no distinct line between personal documents and those meant for publication, we frequently find in his letters both confidential messages and treatises meant for others besides the one to whom he was writing. Due to the time he spent in Rome among wealthy families belonging to the Roman upper-class, <mask> was frequently commissioned by women who had taken a vow of virginity to write to them in guidance of how to live their life. As a result, he spent a great deal of his life corresponding with these women about certain abstentions and lifestyle practices. Theological writings

Eschatology

<mask> warned that those substituting false interpretations for the actual meaning of Scripture belonged to the "synagogue of the Antichrist". "He that is not of Christ is of Antichrist," he wrote to Pope Damasus I.He believed that "the mystery of iniquity" written about by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:7 was already in action when "every one chatters about his views." To <mask>, the power restraining this mystery of iniquity was the Roman Empire, but as it fell this restraining force was removed. He warned a noble woman of Gaul:

He that letteth is taken out of the way, and yet we do not realize that Antichrist is near. Yes, Antichrist is near whom the Lord Jesus Christ "shall consume with the spirit of his mouth." "Woe unto them," he cries, "that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days."... Savage tribes in countless numbers have overrun run all parts of Gaul. The whole country between the Alps and the Pyrenees, between the Rhine and the Ocean, has been laid waste by hordes of Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Gepids, Herules, Saxons, Burgundians, Allemanni, and—alas!for the commonweal!—even Pannonians. His Commentary on Daniel was expressly written to offset the criticisms of Porphyry, who taught that Daniel related entirely to the time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and was written by an unknown individual living in the second century BC. Against Porphyry, <mask> identified Rome as the fourth kingdom of chapters two and seven, but his view of chapters eight and 11 was more complex. <mask> held that chapter eight describes the activity of Antiochus Epiphanes, who is understood as a "type" of a future antichrist; 11:24 onwards applies primarily to a future antichrist but was partially fulfilled by Antiochus. Instead, he advocated that the "little horn" was the Antichrist:

We should therefore concur with the traditional interpretation of all the commentators of the Christian Church, that at the end of the world, when the Roman Empire is to be destroyed, there shall be ten kings who will partition the Roman world amongst themselves. Then an insignificant eleventh king will arise, who will overcome three of the ten kings. ...After they have been slain, the seven other kings also will bow their necks to the victor.In his Commentary on Daniel, he noted, "Let us not follow the opinion of some commentators and suppose him to be either the Devil or some demon, but rather, one of the human race, in whom Satan will wholly take up his residence in bodily form." Instead of rebuilding the Jewish Temple to reign from, <mask> thought the Antichrist sat in God's Temple inasmuch as he made "himself out to be like God." <mask> identified the four prophetic kingdoms symbolized in Daniel 2 as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Medes and Persians, Macedon, and Rome. <mask> identified the stone cut out without hands as "namely, the Lord and Savior". <mask> refuted Porphyry's application of the little horn of chapter seven to Antiochus. He expected that at the end of the world, Rome would be destroyed, and partitioned among ten kingdoms before the little horn appeared. <mask> believed that Cyrus of Persia is the higher of the two horns of the Medo-Persian ram of Daniel 8:3.The he-goat is Greece smiting Persia. Reception by later Christianity

<mask> is the second most voluminous writer (after Augustine of Hippo) in ancient Latin Christianity. In the Catholic Church, he is recognized as the patron saint of translators, librarians and encyclopedists. <mask> made a translation from the Hebrew into Latin. His translation became part of the Vulgate; the Vulgate eventually superseded the preceding Latin translations (the Vetus Latina) and became known as. In the Council of Trent, the Vulgate was declared authoritative "in public lectures, disputations, sermons and expositions". <mask> showed more zeal and interest in the ascetic ideal than in abstract speculation.He lived as an ascetic for four or five years in the Syrian desert and later, for 34 years, near Bethlehem. Nevertheless, his writings show outstanding scholarship and his correspondence is historically of great importance. <mask> is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 30 September. In art

<mask> is also often depicted with a lion, in reference to the popular hagiographical belief that <mask> had tamed a lion in the wilderness by healing its paw. The source for the story may actually have been the second century Roman tale of Androcles, or confusion with the exploits of Saint Gerasimus (<mask> in later Latin is "Geronimus"); it is "a figment" found in the thirteenth-century Golden Legend by Jacobus de Voragine. Hagiographies of <mask> talk of his having spent many years in the Syrian desert, and artists often depict him in a "wilderness", which for West European painters can take the form of a wood. From the late Middle Ages, depictions of <mask> in a wider setting became popular.He is either shown in his study, surrounded by books and the equipment of a scholar, or in a rocky desert, or in a setting that combines both aspects, with him studying a book under the shelter of a rock-face or cave mouth. His study is often shown as large and well-provided for, he is often clean-shaven and well-dressed, and a cardinal's hat may appear. These images derive from the tradition of the evangelist portrait, though <mask> is often given the library and desk of a serious scholar. His attribute of the lion, often shown at a smaller scale, may be beside him in either setting. The subject of "<mask> Penitent" first appears in the later 15th century in Italy; he is usually in the desert, wearing ragged clothes, and often naked above the waist. His gaze is usually fixed on a crucifix and he may beat himself with his fist or a rock. <mask> is often depicted in connection with the vanitas motif, the reflection on the meaninglessness of earthly life and the transient nature of all earthly goods and pursuits.In the 16th century Saint <mask> in his study by Pieter Coecke van Aelst and workshop, the saint is depicted with a skull. Behind him on the wall is pinned an admonition, Cogita Mori ("Think upon death"). Further reminders of the vanitas motif of the passage of time and the imminence of death are the image of the Last Judgment visible in the saint's Bible, the candle and the hourglass. <mask> is also sometimes depicted with an owl, the symbol of wisdom and scholarship. Writing materials and the trumpet of final judgment are also part of his iconography. See also

 Bible translations
 Church Fathers
 Eusebius of Cremona
 Ferdinand Cavallera
 Genesius of Arles
 International Translation Day
 Letter of <mask> to Pope Damasus
 Order of St. Jerome
 Prologus Galeatus

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

 Andrew Cain and Josef Lössl, <mask> of Stridon: His Life, Writings and Legacy (London and New York, 2009)

 Biblia Sacra Vulgata [e.g. edition published Stuttgart, 1994, ]
 This article uses material from the Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge.Further reading

 <mask>, Three biographies: Malchus, St. Hilarion and Paulus the First Hermit Authored by <mask>, London, 2012. limovia.net. External links

 St. <mask> (pdf) from Fr.

masks:
Jerome
Jerome
Saint Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
Jerome
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Saint Jerome
Saint Jerome
Jerome


title: Jorge Cardoso

texts:
<mask> [full name: <mask>] (born 26 January 1949) is a classical guitarist, composer, researcher, medical doctor (National University of Cordoba, Argentina) and teacher (Madrid Royal Conservatory). He has performed in Europe, America, Asia and Africa, and has  frequently participated in international festivals, conferences, seminars, radio and television. <mask> was born in Posadas, Misiones, Argentina, and studied the guitar with Lucas Braulio Areco and Luis J. Cassinelli. Having gained a scholarship from the National Fund for the Arts in Argentina, he was able to study with Maria Hermini A. de Gomez Crespo. From the age of 14, <mask> has won first prizes in several Argentine competitions, including at the Festival of Music of the Littoral at Posadas (1963), the National Folklore Composition Competition (1967), and the International Concourse of the Classical Guitar at Morón (1973). He now lives in Madrid, Spain, where he was the founder of the Madrid Guitar Chamber Orchestra and is President of the International Organization for Latin American Music Diffusion (GUIA). He was the Art Director of the Posadas International Guitar Festival (Argentina), the Alsace International Guitar Festival and the Morocco International Guitar Festival organized by the Instituto Cervantes in 1999.He is currently managing the International Festival Lucas B. Areco in Posadas, the Lambesc International Guitar Festival and the World's Guitar in the French Haut Verdon region. He frequently gives concerts across Europe, South America and Japan. Works
<mask> has composed over 400 works: solo guitar, duets (two guitars, guitar and violin, claves, viola, cello and flute), three and four guitars, string quartet, guitar and stringed, guitar and wind, concerts for guitar and orchestra, for guitar orchestra and symphony orchestra, string orchestra, and voice. These have been recorded by over 200 artists. By far his most popular piece is Milonga, from 24 Piezas Sudamericanas. He also transcribed and made folkloric arrangements of music from several South American countries, from the Spanish Renaissance and Baroque periods, and from other nations and periods. Writings
<mask> is the author of several books and music editions including:

Ciencia y método de la técnica guitarrística (1974), with editions in Japanese (1981), French (1983), Polish (1995), a Spanish version published in Costa Rica (1988), and a bilingual Spanish/English version (2006)
Rhythms and Musical Forms of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay (Posadas, Argentina: Editorial Universitaria de la UNAM, 2006)
Compass and Torches to Play Early Music (Interpretation Notes to the Renaissance and Baroque) (in Spanish) (Madrid: Acordes Concert, 2008)
Lucas Braulio Areco.Complete Works for Guitar (Posadas, Argentina: Ed. Universitaria de la UNAM, 2010)
Happy Musician Withered. How to be Unfortunate and Sick in a Happy and Healthy World (about diseases of musicians) (Madrid: Acordes Concert, 2013). Recordings
On David Russell's 2004 Grammy Award-winning album, Aire Latino, two of <mask>'s pieces feature: Milonga, and Vals Peruano which is from Suite Sudamericana. Misa Criolla and Songs of Latin America, with Toldería Group (Movieplay C 3413, 1975)
Don't Call me Foreigner, with Rafael Amor (Movieplay 17.0894/5, 1976)
Song to Chile, with Iquique Group (Nevada NDE 0004, 1977)
The American Peoples, with Toldería Group (Movieplay 17.0895/7, 1976)
Canto General, Neruda & Teodorakis, with Toldería Group (Movieplay 17.1242/3, 1977)
South American Classic Folk Music (D.P.M. P.M. 2040, 1977). Released in Germany as El Condor Pasa.Personages, with Rafael Amor (Movieplay 17.1286/3, 1978)
South American Suite (Dial Records N.D. 5019, 1978)
<mask> (Dial Records, Diapasón 5038, 1979)
<mask> - Lamento Caingua (Dial Records, Diapasón 5054, 1980)
Jorge Cardoso & Niibori Guitar Orchestra (Apassionato Records APAC 8009, 1980)
Littoral Suite (Records Discos 5067, 1981)
Moments and Waves, with Indio Juan (Dial Discos 549164, 1983)
The Great Guitarists of our Time (RCA RL 43454, 1983)
Guitar Chamber Orchestra of Madrid, cond. by <mask> (SAGA SED 5008, 1984)
<mask> (Zweitausendeins Blue Angel BA 29005, 1985)
Confidences (JC 585, 1985)
Twangs (Tecnosaga MSD 4004, 1988)
<mask> Plays Cardoso (Stereo 9311 2123 Opus, 1988)
On the Distaff Time, with Indio Juan (DEPS SPD 10018, 1989)
Talking Hands (Aliso Records 1021, 1990)
Twangs vol. II (Tecnosaga MSD 4009, 1990)
Twangs (Spanish Baroque Music) (Several Records SCD 801/2, 1992)
<mask> (Festiwal Muzyki Gitarowej) (Zaiks BIEM S 496, 1992)
International Guitar Festival of Alsace (Loco et. Lev 9110 and 9111, 1993)
Francisco Ortiz & <mask> (PL-MC 003, 1994)
Misionerita, <mask> (PL-CD 0041, 1994)
Guitars of the World Festival '95 (EPSA 17058, 1996)
Raphaëlla Smits - <mask> Cardoso (Accent 2 96121 D, 1996)
Guitars of the World Festival '96 (EPSA, 1997)
Horizons, with Liliana Rodríguez, voice (PL-CD 014, 1997)
Dominika Bialostocka. Suite of the Mita'i (Professional Music Press PMPCD 405-505, 1998)
Friends, with Francisco Ortiz (PL-CD 023, 1998)
Origins (PL-CD 007)
South Wind, with Liliana Rodríguez, voice (PL-CD 013, 1998)
Homage, with Liliana Rodríguez, voice (PL-CD 035, 2000)
Concert of Wine. Indiana Suite, with Juan Falú (Altaïs Music AM 0402, 2005)
Jorge Cardoso, Duos, with Eric Sobczyk (Altaïs Music AM 0502, 2005)
Liliana Rodriguez. Waltzes, Tangos and Milongas (Dial Discos, 2005)
Queen of the Night, with Liliana Rodríguez, voice, and Raphaëlla Smits (Accent ACC 24178, 2007)
Guarani Concert.Horizons and Dreams, with Liliana Rodríguez, voice (2003)
Hands on Freedom, with Juan Falú (Altaïs Music AM 0701)
The Guitar of <mask> (didactic DVD, Spain, 1998)
Music of Lointains Country, with Sylvie Dagnac (2014). References

External links
 http://www.jorgecardoso.net
 http://www.duocardosodagnac.com

1949 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Argentine classical composers
Argentine classical guitarists
Argentine male guitarists
Argentine emigrants to Spain
Composers for the classical guitar
Living people
20th-century guitarists
21st-century guitarists
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians

masks:
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Ruben Cardoso Kger
Life Cardoso
Cardoso
Cardoso
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Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge Cardoso
Jorge
Jorge Cardoso


title: Peter Shaffer

texts:
<mask>  (; 15 May 1926 – 6 June 2016) was an English playwright, screenwriter, and novelist. He wrote numerous award-winning plays, of which several were adapted into films. Early life
Shaffer was born to a Jewish family in Liverpool, the son of Reka (née Fredman) and estate agent <mask>. He was the identical twin brother of fellow playwright <mask>. He was educated at the Hall School, Hampstead, and St Paul's School, London, and subsequently he gained a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, to study history. Shaffer was a Bevin Boy coal miner during World War II, and took a number of jobs including bookstore clerk, and assistant at the New York Public Library, before discovering his dramatic talents. Theatrical career
Shaffer's first play, The Salt Land (1955), was presented on ITV on 8 November 1955.Encouraged by this success, <mask> continued to write and established his reputation as a playwright in 1958, with the production of Five Finger Exercise, which opened in London under the direction of John Gielgud and won the Evening Standard Drama Award. When Five Finger Exercise moved to New York City in 1959, it was equally well received and landed <mask> the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play. <mask>'s next piece was a double bill, The Private Ear/The Public Eye, two plays each containing three characters and concerning aspects of love. They were presented in May 1962 at the Globe Theatre, and both starred Maggie Smith and Kenneth Williams. Smith won the Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Leading Actress at the age of 27. The National Theatre was established in 1963, and virtually all of Shaffer's subsequent work was done in its service. His canon contains a unique mix of philosophical dramas and satirical comedies.The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1964) presents the conquest and killing of the Inca ruler Atahuallpa by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro in Peru, while Black Comedy (1965) takes a humorous look at the antics of a group of characters feeling their way around a pitch black room – although the stage is actually flooded with light. Equus (1973) won <mask> the 1975 Tony Award for Best Play as well as the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award. A journey into the mind of a seventeen-year-old stable-boy who had plunged a spike into the eyes of six horses, Equus ran for over 1,000 performances on Broadway. It was revived by Massachusetts' Berkshire Theatre Festival in the summers of 2005 and 2007, by director Thea Sharrock at London's Gielgud Theatre in February 2007, and on Broadway (in the Sharrock staging) in September 2008. The latter production, which ran in New York until February 2009, required the stableboy to appear naked; its star, Daniel Radcliffe, was still associated with the Harry Potter films intended for general audiences, and this led to mild controversy. Shaffer followed this success with Amadeus (1979) which won the Evening Standard Drama Award and the Theatre Critics' Award for the London production. This tells the story of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and court composer Antonio Salieri who, overcome with jealousy at hearing the "voice of God" coming from an "obscene child", sets out to destroy his rival.When the show moved to Broadway it won the 1981 Tony Award for Best Play and, like Equus, ran for more than a thousand performances. After the success of Amadeus, <mask> wrote the play Lettice and Lovage specifically for Dame Maggie Smith in 1986, for which he was nominated for another Tony Award and Dame Maggie Smith eventually won the Tony Award for best actress after three nominations in 1990. Lettice and Lovage also enabled Margaret Tyzack to win the award for best featured actress, and the production was nominated for best direction of a play, at the 1990 Tony Awards. Screen adaptations
Several of Shaffer's plays have been adapted to film, including Five Finger Exercise (1962), The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1969), The Public Eye (1962), from which he adapted the 1972 film Follow Me! (1972), Equus (1977), and Amadeus (1984), which won eight Academy Awards including Best Picture. <mask> received two Academy Award nominations for adapting his plays Equus and Amadeus for the big screen. For writing the screenplay for Equus, he was nominated for the 1977 Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar but the award went to Alvin Sargent, who wrote the screenplay for Julia.For writing the screenplay for Amadeus, <mask> received both the 1984 Best Screenplay Golden Globe and the 1984 Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar. Personal life
Shaffer was gay but did not write explicitly about it. His partner, New York-based voice teacher Robert Leonard, died in 1990 at the age of 49. Shaffer died on 6 June 2016 while on a trip to the south-west of Ireland, three weeks after his 90th birthday. Leonard and Shaffer are buried together in the east side of Highgate Cemetery. Awards
Shaffer received the William Inge Award for Distinguished Achievement in the American Theatre in 1992. Two years later he was appointed Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Professor of Contemporary Theatre at Oxford University.In 1993 he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) by the University of Bath. <mask>'s play, Five Finger Exercise won the Evening Standard Drama Award when it premiered in London and then won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Best Foreign Play when it moved to New York City. <mask>'s play, Equus won the Tony Award for Best Play and the New York Drama Critics' Circle that year as well. His screenplay adaptation of the play was nominated for a Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar in 1978. <mask>'s play Amadeus won the Evening Standard Drama Award and the Theatre Critics' Award for its initial London production. Upon moving to Broadway, Amadeus won the 1981 Tony Award for Best Play. His screenplay adaptation of the play won the Best Adapted Screenplay Oscar as well as the Golden Globe Best Screenplay in 1984.<mask>'s play Lettice and Lovage was nominated for another Tony Award, and for her performance in it, Dame Maggie Smith won the Tony Award for best actress after three nominations in 1990. Lettice and Lovage also won best supporting actress for Margaret Tyzack and was nominated for best direction of a play in 1990 Tony Awards. <mask> was appointed a CBE in 1987 and named Knight Bachelor in the 2001 New Year's Honours. In 2007 he was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame. Selected works

The Salt Land (Television, 1955)
Balance of Terror (Television, 1957)
The Prodigal Father (Radio, 1957)
Five Finger Exercise (1958)
The Private Ear (1962)
The Public Eye (1962)
The Establishment (1963)
The Merry Roosters' Panto  (1963)
The Royal Hunt of the Sun (1964 but completed by 1958), a theatre piece on Atahualpa, the last emperor of the Tahuantinsuyu. Black Comedy (1965)
The White Liars (1967)
The Battle of Shrivings (1970)
Equus (1973)
Amadeus (1979)
Black Mischief (1983)
Yonadab (1985)
Lettice and Lovage (1987)
Whom Do I Have the Honour of Addressing? (1990)
The Gift of the Gorgon

Detective novels co-written as <mask>
<mask> co-wrote three detective novels with his brother Anthony Shaffer under the pseudonym <mask>.The Woman in the Wardrobe (1951)
How Doth the Little Crocodile? (1952)
Withered Murder  (1955)

References

External links

Obituary in The Guardian (6 June 2016)

Transcript and clips of an interview by Mike Wood for the William Inge Center for the Arts. List of Publications. 1926 births
2016 deaths
Knights Bachelor
English Jews
English dramatists and playwrights
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
British gay writers
LGBT Jews
Fellows of St Catherine's College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
People educated at The Hall School, Hampstead
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Identical twins
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners
Best Screenplay Golden Globe winners
New York Drama Critics' Circle Award winners
Tony Award winners
Bevin Boys
Twin people from England
Writers from Liverpool
English male dramatists and playwrights
Burials at Highgate Cemetery

masks:
Sir Peter Levin Shaffer
Jack Shaffer
Anthony Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Shaffer
Honours Shaffer
Peter Antony
Shaffer
Peter Antony