title: Robert Michael Pyle

texts:
<mask> (born 19 July 1947) is an American lepidopterist, writer, teacher, and founder of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Much of his life story is told in the 2020 feature film The Dark Divide, where <mask> is played by David Cross. Early life and education

<mask> grew up in Denver and Aurora, Colorado, and took all of his early education in Aurora Public Schools, graduating in 1965. He attended the University of Washington, where he received a B.S. degree in "Nature Perception and Protection" in a self-styled General Studies program. This was followed by an M.S. in Nature Interpretation from the UW College of Forest Resources.During his time there he was also involved in environmental activism, serving on the university Conservation Council and testifying against unsustainable development plans. A Fulbright Scholarship in 1971-72 enabled <mask> to study butterfly conservation at the Monks Wood Experimental Station in Abbot's Ripton, England, with John Heath and other mentors, which led to his founding of the Xerces Society in 1971. From there he entered Yale University Graduate School to study insect conservation ecology with Charles Remington. He received his Ph.D. ("The Eco-geography of Lepidoptera Conservation")  from the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies in 1976. On July 30 1966 he married his high school sweetheart, JoAnne R. Clark who was also a student of biology. They divorced amicably in 1973, and he remarried botanist Sally Hughes on June 7 1974. This second marriage would last a decade.Career

Conservation biology and research
<mask> worked as ranger-naturalist in Sequoia National Park, butterfly conservation consultant for the Wildlife Division of Papua New Guinea, Northwest Land Steward for The Nature Conservancy, and co-manager of the Species Conservation Monitoring Center in Cambridge, UK, where he co-compiled the IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book. He has been deeply involved in Monarch butterfly conservation since 1975, convening the First Conference on Monarch Conservation and biology in Morelos, Mexico, and chairing The Monarch Project of the Xerces Society with Lincoln Brower and Melody Mackey Allen. He has also been active in old-growth forest conservation in the Pacific Northwest. These involvements continue. <mask> has published many papers on butterfly conservation ecology and biogeography, and he continues field work as Co-coordinator of the Washington Butterfly Survey. He co-authored (with Paul Hammond) a major paper reviewing the Mariposa Copper butterfly (Lycaena mariposa) and describing nine new subspecies. His most recent paper reports on the behavior of the Woodland Skipper (Ochlodes sylvanoides) during a total eclipse of the sun.Ongoing studies concern forty years of monitoring butterfly phenology at one study site and the biology of a northerly migrant species, both pertaining to climate change. Teaching and speaking
<mask> has taught writing, conservation biology, and natural history seminars for many colleges and institutes around the world, and presented hundreds of invited lectures and keynote addresses. He has served as Visiting Professor of Environmental Writing at Utah State University; as Kittredge Distinguished Visiting Writer at the University of Montana; and as place-based writing instructor for the Aga Khan Humanities Project in Tajikistan and the Writers' Centre of Tasmania. On twenty-five occasions from 1976 to 2013, he was a presenter and field trip leader at the annual week-long National Wildlife Federation Conservation Summits and their successors, Family Nature Summits. He has also led natural history seminars for Cloud Ridge Naturalists, the North Cascades, Olympic Park, and Glacier Park Institutes, and in numerous other settings. He has served on the faculty of the Sitka Institute, Fishtrap, Haystack, Art of the Wild, Breadloaf, and many other writers' conferences and events and has led natural history tours for the National Audubon Society, the Smithsonian Institution, the Wilderness Society, the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, and The Nature Conservancy, and Green & Pleasant Tours ("Birds and Beers of Britain") among others. Writing
Since 1982, <mask> has been an independent scholar, writer, and biologist, concentrating on writing as his primary professional activity.He writes essay, poetry, and fiction from his home along a tributary of the Lower Columbia River in Southwest Washington, where he has lived since 1978. He has published 24 books and hundreds of essays, papers, poems, stories, and anthology chapters. <mask>'s seminal work, Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land describes the devastation caused by unrestrained logging as well as the remaining beauties of his adopted home in the Willapa Hills. His book Where Bigfoot Walks: Crossing the Dark Divide grew out of a Guggenheim Fellowship, and was a major component (along with <mask>'s other books) for the 2020 feature film The Dark Divide starring David Cross as <mask> and Debra Messing as his wife Thea Linnaea <mask>. The Thunder Tree: Lessons from An Urban Wildland chronicles the intersection of his Aurora, Colorado, boyhood nature explorations and Colorado's long tradition of water rights battles with the importance of everyone's special places, especially children's. Both Wintergreen and The Thunder Tree exemplify <mask>'s love of damaged lands. His travel narrative Chasing Monarchs: Migrating with the Butterflies of Passage traces his discovery of previously unsuspected monarch butterfly migration patterns.Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year follows up as another far-ranging butterfly road trip narrative, as it chronicles <mask>'s coast-to-coast adventures and misadventures while documenting as many butterflies as possible in one year (similar to a birder's big year). <mask> co-edited and annotated Nabokov’s Butterflies, which collects the novelist's butterfly writings from throughout his literary and scientific opus. Walking the High Ridge: Life as Field Trip reflects on <mask>'s development as a writer and on his sources, influences, and beliefs. Sky Time in Gray's River: Living for Keeps in a Forgotten Place follows the lives of the creatures populating his adopted village month by month through the seasons. A chapbook of poems and stories, Letting the Flies Out, preceded <mask>'s first full-length book of poems, Evolution of the Genus Iris. His second book of poems, Chinook and Chanterelle, features cover art by his wife, the late artist and naturalist Thea Linnaea <mask>. <mask>'s third longer collection, The Tidewater Reach: Field Guide to the Lower Columbia River in Poems and Pictures, is a collaboration with photographer Judy VanderMaten.Other books include The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies, The Butterfly Watcher's Handbook, The Butterflies of Cascadia, and The Butterflies of the Pacific Northwest

Magdalena Mountain: A Novel, <mask>'s first published book of fiction, weaves a converging tale of disparate personalities brought into the high country of Colorado mountain wilderness by their various quests for the all-black Magdalena alpine butterfly. The book seeks to blend methods of narrative natural history writing with pure fiction by alternating chapters on Magdalena's life in the high rocks with those of the human characters. <mask>'s essays have been collected in three books: The Tangled Bank, his columns from fifty-two consecutive issues of Orion and Orion Afield magazines;  Through a Green Lens: Fifty Years of Writing for Nature; and Nature Matrix: New and Selected Essays (September 2020). Butterfly Launches from Spar Pole, a collaboration of <mask> with Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic and Ray Prestegard, is an eleven-track audio album of acoustic song-poems inspired by the natural world. 2002. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 275, Twentieth-Century American Nature Writers: Prose, pp. 261–270.Detroit: Gale. Pearson, <mask>. 1996. American Nature Writers, Volume 2, pp. 733–739. Scribner's. Bibliography
Nature Matrix: New and Selected Essays.2020. Counterpoint. The Tidewater Reach: Field Guide to the Lower Columbia River in Poems and Pictures (with Judy VanderMaten). 2020. Columbia River Reader Press. Butterflies of the Pacific Northwest. With Caitlin C. LaBar.2018. Timber Press. Magdalena Mountain: A Novel. 2018. Counterpoint Press. Through a Green Lens: Fifty Years of Writing for Nature. 2016.Oregon State University Press. Chinook and Chanterelle: Poems. 2016. Lost Horse Press. Evolution of the Genus Iris: Poems. 2014. Lost Horse Press.The Tangled Bank: Writings from Orion. 2012. Oregon State University Press. Letting the Flies Out (chapbook). 2011. Fishtrap. (Current publisher: New Riverside Press)
Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year.2010. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Yale University Press)
Sky Time in Gray's River: Living for Keeps in a Forgotten Place. 2007. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Counterpoint) (out in Jan. 2021)
The Butterflies of Cascadia: A Field Guide to All the Species of Washington, Oregon, and Surrounding Territories. 2002.Seattle Audubon Society. Nabokov's Butterflies. Edited and annotated by R. M<mask> and Brian Boyd, with new translations from the Russian by Dmitri Nabokov. 2000. Beacon Press. Walking the High Ridge: Life as Field Trip. 2000.Milkweed Editions. Chasing Monarchs: Migrating with the Butterflies of Passage. 1999. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Yale University Press)
Where Bigfoot Walks: Crossing the Dark Divide. 1995. Houghton Mifflin.(Current publisher: Counterpoint)
The Thunder Tree:  Lessons from An Urban Wildland. 1993. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Oregon State University Press)
Insects: A Peterson Field Guide Coloring Book (with Kristin Kest and Roger Tory Peterson). 1993. Houghton Mifflin. Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land.. 1986.Scribner. (Current publisher: Counterpoint)
The Audubon Society Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. 1984. (1992 reprint: Houghton Mifflin)
The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book (with Susan M. Wells and N, Mark Collins). 1983. IUCN/WWF. Butterflies:  A Peterson Field Guide Coloring Book (with Sarah Anne Hughes and Roger Tory Peterson).1983. Houghton Mifflin. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies. 1981. Knopf. Watching Washington Butterflies. 1974.Seattle Audubon Society. (text and photographs) - the first guide of its kind to use colour photographs taken exclusively in nature

Other contributions
Earth & Eros (foreword "The Earth Whispers and Croons"). 2015. White Cloud Press. Moral Ground: Ethical Action for a Planet in Peril (essay "Evening Falls on the Maladaptive Ape"). 2010. Trinity University Press.Home Ground: Language for an American Landscape (several entries). 2006. Trinity University Press. The Way of Natural History (essay "A Natural Histerrical Feller in an Unwondering Age"). 2010. Trinity University Press. Wild in the City (introduction "No vacancy" and chapter "Bright Butterflies, Big City.").2011. Oregon State University Press. Nature's Fading Chorus: Classic and Contemporary Writings on Amphibians (prologue "Reflections in a Golden Eye," and chapter "Waterproof Wildlife.") 2000. Island Press. Facing the Lion: Writers on Life and Craft (essay "Secrets of the Talking Leaf"). 1996.Beacon Press. Words From the Land, Volume II (essay "A Grand Surprise"). 1995. University of Nevada Press. The Norton Book of Nature Writing (essay "And the Coyotes Will Lift A Leg"). 1990. Norton.Butterfly Gardening: Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden (afterword and chapter "Butterfly Watching Tips"). 1990; new edition, 1998. Xerces Society/Sierra Club Books. The Art of the Butterfly (afterword). 1990. Chronicle/Marquand. References

1947 births
Living people
American lepidopterists
American non-fiction environmental writers
John Burroughs Medal recipients
Writers from Washington (state)
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni
People from Wahkiakum County, Washington

masks:
Robert Michael Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
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Pyle
Pyle
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Pyle
Michael
. Pyle


title: Lorraine Eden

type: original

texts:
<mask> is Professor Emerita of Management in the Mays Business School of Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. She also holds a joint appointment as a Research Professor in the Texas A&M School of Law. Dr. <mask> is an expert in the field of International Transfer Pricing, which is the pricing of products that move between subunits of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). <mask> has more than 185 scholarly publications in the fields of international business, strategic management, international political economy and international economics. She has been identified as a prolific scholar in terms of number of publications in the top 45 high-impact business journals in 2010 and 2005-2015. She is listed as one of the Top 10% Female Economists, as of April 2015 by the Research Papers in Economics

<mask> is an author/editor of nine books, including Governance, Multinationals and Growth with Wendy Dobson, which was nominated for the  International Political Economy Group's Best Book Award in 2005. She also edited the book Multinationals in North America in 1994, which provided valuable insights into the activities of the Multinational Enterprises as they relate to the society.Her best known book is Taxing Multinationals: Transfer Pricing and Corporate Income Taxation in North America, published in 1998 by the University of Toronto Press. Taxing Multinationals, a seminal work in the field of transfer pricing, is a multidisciplinary study, which explains the basic motivations and structures of multinational enterprises, their trade patterns in the North American continent; introduces the fundamentals of corporate income taxation to build upon the concepts of international transfer pricing—including transfer pricing procedures in the United States and Canada, transfer pricing manipulation, and ways to effectively reform the tax transfer pricing policies. <mask> served as a departmental editor from 2003 to 2006 for the Journal of International Business Studies, the top-ranking academic journal in the field of international business. She served as the journal's editor-in-chief from July 2007 to December 2010. Since 2013, she has continued her involvement as a consulting editor. Education and career
<mask> completed her PhD in Economics with Distinction from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. She was a student of and wrote her PhD dissertation - titled, "A Microeconomic Theory of Multinational Behavior Under Trade Barriers" - under noted economist, Carl Shoup when he arrived at Dalhousie University's Economics department in the capacity of a Senior Killam Fellow in 1974 after retiring from Columbia University.Her 1991 edited book, Retrospectives on Public Finance, was a collection of essays, which were presented at a conference in Ottawa in I989 in honor of Dr. Carl Shoup. <mask> served as an associate professor from 1988 to 1992 and full professor from 1992 to 1995 at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at the Carleton University. <mask> received a Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs Case Teaching and Research from 1991 to 1992, and a Canada-US Fulbright Research Fellowship from 1992 to 1993 to teach at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She joined the Mays Business School of Texas A&M University in 1995 as an associate professor, and has served as a full professor since 2002. <mask> has also held visiting professorships at Harvard University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Reading, and Ohio State University. <mask> is regularly consulted by major multinational corporations, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and government tax authorities in matters relating to international tax and transfer pricing. In 2001, she helped the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in redesigning the US import and export price indexes; this was done to more precisely represent the intra-firm transactions of multinational enterprises.<mask> has founded several organizations and designed several innovative activities, including
 Canadian Women Economists Network (CWEN), a women's networking group in the Canadian Economics Association (founded in 1990). Active Learning in International Affairs (ALIAS), a section of the International Studies Association (received its ISA Charter in 1996). Women in the Academy of International Business (WAIB), a women's networking group in the Academy of International Business (founded in 2001). Codes of Ethics for the Journal of International Business Studies (2007) and for the Academy of International Business (2012). Transfer Pricing Aggies, a networking group for former students working in transfer pricing and related careers (founded in 2010). The Ethicist, a blog on professional ethics for the Academy of Management (founded in 2011). Publications

Books
 Multinationals and Transfer Pricing, was co-edited with A.M. Rugman, published by St. Martin's Press in 1985.336 pp. ()
 Retrospectives on Public Finance as part of the Fiscal Reform in the Developing World Series, ed. 1991, was published by Duke University Press. 409 pp. Multinationals in the Global Political Economy, was co-edited with Evan Potter,  published by Macmillan in London, St. Martin's Press in New York, and McClelland and Stewart in Toronto in 1993. 213 pp. ( )
 Multinationals in North America as part of the Industry Canada Research Series Volume, was published by University of Calgary Press in English and French in 1994 (Reprinted in 1996).662 pp. ()
 Taxing Multinationals: Transfer Pricing and Corporate Income Taxation in North America, was published by University of Toronto Press in 1998. 757 pp. ()
 Governance, Multinationals and Growth, was co-edited with Wendy Dobson Cheltenham, published by Edward Elgar Publishing in 2005. 400 pp. ( )

Other publications
<mask> has also published more than 150 articles in various economics, accounting, business and management academic journals including the  International Trade Journal; Journal of International Management; Journal of International Business Studies; Canadian Journal of Economics; Academy of Management Review; Millennium; Public Finance/Finances Publiques; Asian Survey; Accounting, Organizations and Society; and, Academy of Management Journal amongst others. A complete list of her publications is available online.Awards and honors
 Member of the 2015 Task Force on Investment, E15 Initiative on Strengthening the Global Trading System, World Economic Forum and the International Commission on Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, CH. Gina and Anthony Bahr ’91 Professorship in Business, April 2015. Chosen for a two-year appointment as one of 25 members of the Research Advisory Network to the Global Commission on Internet Governance (GCIG), a joint project of Centre for International Governance Innovation and Chatham House, on the future of multi-stakeholder Internet governance, March 2014. John H. Dunning President's Award for outstanding service to the Academy of International Business and the field of international business, July 2012. Inaugural holder of the John H. Dunning Visiting Professorship, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK, 2010–2011. Identified as the most prolific scholar in terms of number of publications in the top 45 high-impact business journals in 2010 (based on SSCI Journal Citation Reports). Founder's Recognition Award, Women in the Academy of International Business, 2007.
 Who's Who in America - 2006, 60th Diamond Edition, Marquis, 2005
 Elected as a fellow of the Academy of International Business, May 2004.Founder, Women in the Academy of International Business (WAIB), 2001–2003; Past President 2003–2005. Vice president and program chair, Academy of International Business, Nov. 2000-August 2002.
 Who's Who in International Business Education and Research, 1999. Canada-US Fulbright Research Award at the Kennedy School of Harvard University, 1992–93. Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs: The Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1991–92. Vice-president, Canadian Economics Association, 1990–91. Elected to membership in International Institute of Public Finance, 1985. Personal life
<mask> was born in Canada and is a naturalized US citizen.She is a member of SODRAC and holds the copyrights to her father Garnet (Gary) Boyd's sheet music and song lyrics. <mask> is married to Dr. Charles F. Hermann and they have three children. Her brother David K.R. Boyd is a Canadian author of children's books. Recent work
Between 2007 and 2018, <mask> taught a graduate seminar on transfer pricing at Texas A&M University to nearly 350 graduate students, one-third of whom went on to launch careers in this field. Most of her former students are networked on LinkedIn as the Transfer Pricing Aggies. She consults on transfer pricing matters (especially controversy) through the Analysis Group.References

External links
Imf.org

 Books.google.com
Reuters.com

American women economists
Trade economists
Living people
Texas A&M University faculty
Writers from New Brunswick
People from St. Stephen, New Brunswick
Mount Allison University alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
People with acquired American citizenship
McGill University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Economists from Texas
21st-century American women

masks:
Lorraine Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden
Lorraine Eden
Eden
Eden


title: Simon Ford

texts:
<mask> (born 17 November 1981 in Upton Park, Greater London) is an English-born Jamaican former professional footballer who played as a defender from 2001 to 2013. Having started his career with Charlton Athletic as a youngster, he transferred to Grimsby Town in 2001. He moved on to Bristol Rovers and Redbridge before establishing himself with Scottish Premier League side Kilmarnock where he remained for six years. He moved to Chesterfield in 2010 and was released after two seasons. He returned to Grimsby Town in the summer of 2012 but only made two appearances and was loaned out for a spell at AFC Telford United. He has also been capped three times by Jamaica. Club career

Charlton Athletic
Ford began his career at Charlton Athletic under Alan Curbishley and was promoted to the club's first-team squad in the 2000–01 season.But he found his first-team chances at The Valley halted and he was released from the London club in summer 2001 having never played a first-team match for the club. Grimsby Town
After leaving Charlton in 2001, he signed for Lennie Lawrence's Grimsby Town before the start of the 2001–02 season. <mask> made his professional debut on 21 August 2001 during a 2–1 victory over local rivals Lincoln City in the first round of the Football League Cup, coming on as a 79th-minute substitute for Ben Chapman. On 22 December 2001, he made his league debut in the club's Division One 0–0 away draw with Preston North End where he played from the start. The following week on 29 December 2001 <mask> scored his 1st goal for Grimsby with a header to give them a 2–1 lead against Portsmouth, after Peter Crouch had put Pompey 1–0 up with the game eventually finishing a 3–1 victory to the Mariners. <mask> would go on to make 16 appearances in all competitions during his first season at Blundell Park. During the 2002–03 season <mask> was favoured by new manager Paul Groves and took his chance in the first team when injury had sidelined new signing Steve Chettle earlier that season.<mask>, who regularly partnered Georges Santos at the back, would go on to make 40 appearances that season. Despite <mask>'s surge into the first team the club were relegated but his consistent performances had drawn some interest from fellow Division One sides Bradford City and Wolverhampton Wanderers. But no transfer ever materialised. During the 2003–04 season <mask> fell out of contention within the club to the preferred pairing of Tony Crane and Mike Edwards. Despite being a valued player only a year before, <mask>'s contract was not renewed when it expired in summer 2004 and he departed Grimsby in August 2004. He made 84 appearances in all competitions for the club and scored four goals. Bristol Rovers and Redbridge
<mask> quickly joined Bristol Rovers on a non-contract basis before the start of the 2004–05 season, but manager Ian Atkins allowed him to leave the club without playing a game only a couple of weeks into his stay.Shortly after his brief stint in Bristol, <mask> signed professional terms for Conference South side Redbridge who were placed three levels below the last league he played in for Grimsby. <mask> played in only one match for the club before he was approached by Scottish Premier League side Kilmarnock who were naturally given permission by Redbridge to talk to the player. Kilmarnock
He had to initially sign for Kilmarnock as an amateur because he had signed professionally for Redbridge shortly beforehand. <mask> was paid for commercial and marketing work while playing as an amateur. On 27 December 2004 <mask> scored in the 3–1 victory against Dundee on 38 minutes, a left-wing free-kick from Garry Hay found <mask> unmarked, he rose to power home his first goal for the club. He then signed as a professional in January 2005. He had been a regular since arriving in October 2004, but in March 2005 it was stated he had to undergo a double hernia operation, that will rule him out until the following season.On 15 October 2005 he scored the opening goal on 7 minutes in the 4–2 defeat at Hibernian, after Gordon Greer flicked the ball to <mask>, goalkeeper Zbigniew Malkowski had little chance as the header went in from close range. After missing the following two games through injury, on 29 October 2005 he made it 1–1 against Aberdeen when Kris Boyd's low drive could not be held by goalkeeper Ryan Esson and Ford headed in the rebound, the game finishing 4–2 to Kilmarnock. <mask> damaged his medial ligament and cartilage in April 2006 and faced over four months on the sidelines, assistant manager Billy Brown said "It's a major blow for the lad and club. He's been terrific." He was due to have a hip operation in the summer but had to wait until the knee had begun to heal. He eventually returned in October 2006. <mask> went on to make 144 league appearances in a six-year stay with Killie, where he scored six times.Chesterfield
Ford signed for Chesterfield under freedom of contract in June 2010 and is trying to successfully replace the recently departed Kevin Austin, in defence, who has been released by Chesterfield. On 21 August 2010 he scored the 4th goal on 62 minutes in the 4–0 thrashing of Hereford United, Danny Whitaker whipped in a corner and picked out <mask> and the defender powered a header into the net. <mask> was part of the 2011–12 side that beat Swindon Town 2–0 in the Football League Trophy final on 25 March 2012, he hit the crossbar on 8 minutes with striker Jack Lester hitting in the rebound, only to be ruled out for offside. He was released by the club at the end of the 2011–12 season. Return to Grimsby Town
10 seasons on since Grimsby and Ford suffered relegation from what is now the Football League Championship, <mask> returned to Grimsby Town on 28 July 2012 on a trial basis and played in the club's pre-season friendly against Barton Town Old Boys. Three days later he signed a one-year contract. Despite dropping out of the professional game for the first time in his career, <mask> struggled to hold down a place back at Blundell Park.On 27 February 2013, after failing to make a single appearance all season and failing to dislodge the likes of Shaun Pearson, Ian Miller and Nathan Pond from the first team, <mask> was loaned out to fellow Conference side AFC Telford United until the end of the 2012–13 season. <mask> was recalled to Grimsby on 10 April 2013 after injuries to both Shaun Pearson and Ian Miller. He played 6 times for Telford with the club also being relegated from the Conference National during that time. <mask> made his second debut for The Mariners in the club's 1–1 draw at Luton Town on 12 April 2013. <mask> played one more game for the club but wasn't used in Town's unsuccessful play-off campaign. He was released on 2 May 2013.

International career
<mask> has represented Jamaica three times against Trinidad and Tobago, St Vincent and Grenada

Personal life
He is former Rangers and Liverpool winger Mark Walters's nephew. Honours
Grimsby Town
Supporters Young Player of the Year: 2002

Chesterfield
Football League Two Champions, Promoted: 2010–11
Football League Trophy Champions: 2011–12

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Jamaican footballers
Jamaica international footballers
Charlton Athletic F.C.players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Redbridge F.C. players
Kilmarnock F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Black British sportspeople
English people of Jamaican descent
Footballers from Upton Park, London

masks:
Simon Gary Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
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Ford
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Ford


title: Timothy N. Philpot

texts:
<mask> (born March 18, 1951) is an American lawyer, author and judge. He has served as a family court circuit judge in Fayette County, Kentucky, since 2004 and his present term expires in January 2023. He previously served as a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate from 1993 to 1998 and as the president of Christian Business Men's Connection from 1996 to 2003. As a judge, <mask> has been criticized for making controversial statements about LGBT people but also defended as not allowing his social views to influence his judicial decisions. <mask> is also an author, his most-recent book being a well-received semi-autobiographical novel drawing on cases he has heard and his experiences as a judge, explored from his socially conservative Methodist perspective. Early life
<mask>, the son of Ford and <mask>, is a lifelong resident of Lexington, Kentucky. His father was a minister in the United Methodist Church and the producer of The Story, the first religious television program broadcast in color.In 1971, <mask> married Susan Davis, a nurse and the daughter of Methodist missionaries who was raised in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa. <mask> received his Bachelor of Science degree in history in 1974 and his Juris Doctor in 1977, both from the University of Kentucky. As a trial lawyer, <mask> specialized in employment law, family law and civil rights cases; in 1989, he won Fayette County's first million dollar verdict. He joined the Christian Business Men's Connection (later renamed CBMC), an international evangelical Christian mission organization with the mission to "evangelize and disciple business and professional men for Christ" in 1978. He served as the president of CBMC International from July 1996 to September 2003. Political career
<mask> served as a Republican Party State Senator for Fayette, Kentucky, from January 1991 to December 1998. The Lexington Herald Leader, while frequently disagreeing with <mask>'s positions, described him as "one of the ten best" legislators in 1992, writing that "there should be room on the list for 'a man with a conscience.'"On issues of ethics, the paper called him "a lone voice crying in the wilderness." <mask> is staunchly conservative in social policy areas, described at times as "crazy" by opponents and regularly "the subject of editorial cartoons for his stances against abortion and pornography and his sermons on the floor of the General Assembly." In 2012, <mask> admitted to disappointment at no longer being a radical: "No one calls me 'crazy' anymore ... I have never been arrested. I am now a respected member of the community." Judicial career
In the November 2003 elections, Pilpot ran for the position of circuit judge in the fourth division of the Kentucky Circuit Courts, losing to Pamela R. Goodwine 53% to 47%. Governor Ernie Fletcher appointed him to a family court position in the Kentucky first division from January 2004; he retained this position in the 2004 elections, defeating J."Ross" Stinetorf 56% to 44%. <mask> was re-elected unopposed in 2006, and again in 2014. Under section 116 of the Constitution of Kentucky, circuit justices terms begin on the first Monday in January following their election and run for eight years; consequently, <mask>'s present term will end on Sunday, January 1, 2023. A controversy arose in relation to funding for <mask>'s 2004 re-election bid. <mask> accepted a donation of $1,000 from an attorney who was before him in a divorce case; the donor had also planned to host a fundraiser at his home. Kentucky law places no restrictions on donations to judicial election campaigns from attorneys, but questions of bias arose and the issue ended up before the Kentucky Supreme Court after <mask> declined to recuse himself from the case. The Court ruled there was insufficient evidence of bias, and <mask> declared that the funding system may need to change but that it's not "fair to make me the poster boy for a bad system."<mask> has expressed controversial views on LGBT issues, including as an outspoken critic of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Following the 2013 decisions in Hollingsworth v. Perry (which had the effect of legalizing same-sex marriage in California by upholding the overturning of Proposition 8) and United States v. Windsor (which invalidated parts of the Defense of Marriage Act and forced the U.S. federal government to recognize same-sex marriages that were legal under state law), <mask> wrote an opinion editorial explaining that Kentucky state law was unaffected by the decisions. <mask>'s conclusion was that "Kentucky's constitution defines marriage as one man and one woman. Simple and traditional. Kentucky's definition of marriage stands – for now." This was criticized heavily on two grounds. Then-retired Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky Jennifer Coffman, who was Kentucky's first female federal judge, wrote a highly critical opinion editorial responding to <mask>.She noted that "<mask> took several risks, not the least of which is that he could be wrong" as the "DOMA ruling's effect in Kentucky rests with the courts which consider the matter" (i.e. Federal Courts), though subsequent events have rendered this moot. Further, "the possibility that a case involving these issues could arise in <mask>'s court underscores the primary error of his column: he has undermined his own judicial integrity. If squarely presented with the issue of the DOMA ruling's effect in Kentucky, he might have to disqualify himself from the case because he has stated his opinion on that topic." Coffman also criticized <mask> for dismissing principles of judicial interpretation as "boring and technical" and for ridiculing judicial review with his observation that then-Chief Judge Vaughn Walker's declaration in the first instance that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional was: "One trial judge trumped every voter in California" – and for gratuitously mentioning Walker's sexuality. Coffman concluded that "<mask> might have foreclosed his ability to sit on any case involving gay marriage because his comments raise a question of bias on the topic of sexual orientation." <mask> made further controversial comments after the 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, legalizing gay marriage throughout the United States.<mask> described gay marriage as an oxymoron, the Supreme Court's decision as "pretty close to insane," and described homosexual relationships as "sterile" and "just entertainment." He also described homosexuality as a choice, saying that children now have "got to decide which gender to date"; this matches his previously expressed views that the gay lifestyle is a "destructive lifestyle" and that it is a "behavior, it's not genetic." LGBT rights advocates challenged these views as showing a "fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be LGBT" and as evidence of a "deep disrespect for LGBT people and their families." Judges have a First Amendment right to express their views so long as they do not influence their decisions. <mask> has presided over many cases with LGBT people and lawyers who have been involved report that he does not base his decisions on a litigant's sexuality. Speaking of his religious views, <mask> has stated that "I don't mention Jesus inside the courthouse very much, even when I know he is absolutely the only answer to the problem in front of me." <mask> has also stated that "half the adoptions I do are for gay people.And they're not bad people," and that he loves homosexuals. <mask> regrets, however, that friendships between straight men are affected as they are unable to hug in the way they used to, and that the rainbow, a symbol from the Bible, had been "stolen" – and he plans to put a rainbow on the back of his car. Writing
As a family court judge, <mask> has presided over a considerable number of cases involving relationship breakdown, which often end in a divorce on the grounds of a marriage being "irretrievably broken." Believing that many of these marriages were salvageable, <mask> has written a novel, Judge Z: Irretrievably Broken, which he describes as "a fictional account about the death of marriage in the American culture ... [t]he book is both autobiographical and pedagogical." The plot borrows heavily from cases which <mask> has heard, and is described as engaging and well-written whilst reflecting <mask>'s socially conservative Methodist perspective. Like in his previous book, the autobiographical aspects of the book are evident: the central character is a family court judge in Kentucky, loves playing golf (<mask> was a skilled amateur golfer), and has a father who overcame a drinking issue with the help and support of his wife (just as did <mask>'s parents). His self-view is also reflected in the name of the judge in the novel, Zenas; Zenas being one of disciples of Jesus and the only lawyer named in the Bible.The pedagogical aspect is the exploration of whether some marriages are truly irretrievably broken, exploring the social consequences of single parent families and unstable environments for children and explores marriage from a Christian perspective, seeing marriage as "the Biblical analogy for God's love." Publications
 Ford's Wonderful World of Golf (2013) – described by <mask> as "a tribute and memoir to his evangelist father, <mask>, whose passion for golf was only exceeded by his love for proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ." Judge Z: Irretrievably Broken (2016)

References

1951 births
Living people
Kentucky lawyers
21st-century American judges
Politicians from Lexington, Kentucky
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Kentucky College of Law alumni
Evangelicalism in Kentucky
Kentucky state court judges
Kentucky state senators
Kentucky Republicans
Writers from Kentucky

masks:
Timothy Neil Philpot
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title: Art Houtteman

texts:
<mask> (August 7, 1927 – May 6, 2003) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for 12 seasons in the American League with the Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles. In 325 career games, <mask> pitched 1,555 innings and posted a win-loss record of 87–91, with 78 complete games, 14 shutouts, and a 4.14 earned run average (ERA). Known on the sandlot for his pitching motion, <mask> was signed by scout Wish Egan in 1945 at 17 years of age. He was recruited by major league teams, and joined a Tigers pitching staff that had lost players to injuries and World War II. After moving between the major and minor leagues over the next few years, he was nearly killed in an automobile accident just before the 1949 season. <mask> rebounded from his injuries and went on to win 15 games that season and made his only All-Star appearance in the following year. He played three more seasons with the Tigers, then was sold to Cleveland, where he pitched for the pennant-winning Indians during their 1954 season.After losing his starting job, he played two more seasons with the Indians before he was bought by the Orioles, and he finished his final season in Major League Baseball with them. <mask> ended his baseball career in the minor leagues and became a sales executive in Detroit. In 2003, <mask> died at the age of 75. Early life
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, on August 7, 1927. He was a second-generation American citizen; his grandfather Joseph had emigrated from Belgium. The only son born to the <mask> family, <mask>'s father, also named <mask>, vowed that his son would become a major league player by the time he turned 17. <mask> played baseball at Detroit Catholic Central High School, where his pitching caught the attention of baseball scout Wish Egan, who praised Houtteman's "perfect pitching motion".<mask> was signed by the Detroit Tigers late in 1944 and began to practice with the Tigers in spring training before the 1945 season along with fellow Detroit sandlot player Billy Pierce. He spent most of the 1945 season playing for Detroit's top minor league affiliate, the Buffalo Bisons. But injuries plagued the Tigers' pitching staff, and the 17-year-old <mask> was called up by the parent club and began his major league career. Detroit Tigers

Hard Luck Houtteman
Due to Tiger pitching injuries, and with many top players still in the military late in World War II (<mask> was too young for the draft), he made his major league debut on April 29. At 17 years old, he was the youngest player in the American League in the 1945 season before being optioned back to Buffalo, where on June 20 he threw seven no-hit innings, facing only 22 batters in the process, but lost the game 2–0 in extra innings. He also appeared in 13 games as a relief pitcher, and finished his minor league season with no wins, two losses and an ERA of 5.33 in just over 25 innings pitched. <mask> was the youngest major leaguer in 1946 but played only one game for the Tigers that season, allowing eight runs and fifteen hits in eight innings.He spent most of 1946 in the minor leagues, finished at 16–13 and led the league in strikeouts. At the end of the season, <mask> was named by six of the eight International League managers as the top pitching prospect in the league, leading the league in strikeouts with 150, pitching over 200 innings, finishing second in victories with 16, and amassing an 11–2 road record. Minor league third baseman Johnny Bero liked Houtteman's fielding ability so much that he called him "a fifth infielder." Despite his newfound top prospect status <mask> remained in Buffalo at the beginning of the 1947 season before being recalled to the Tigers in July. He was relegated to the bullpen for a time, and saw little action. But after Hal Newhouser, Fred Hutchinson and Dizzy Trout were used in two days, Tiger manager Steve O'Neill decided to start <mask> against the Washington Senators for only the second start of his career. He tossed a five-hit shutout and Tiger general manager Billy Evans said, "In 40 years I've never seen a better pitching job by a first-year pitcher.We now know that <mask> is really a big leaguer". He followed this with another five-hit victory against the Boston Red Sox, then pitched a three-hit shutout in September against the St. Louis Browns. He finished the season at 7–2 with a 3.42 ERA, seven complete games and two shutouts. His performance in 1947 caught the attention of New York Yankees star and future Hall of Famer Joe DiMaggio, who said of <mask> and Bob Lemon, "They have more stuff and more pitching sense than any other young fellows I've seen come up in a long while". The 1948 season began with <mask> in the starting rotation. Things started off poorly, however, as <mask> lost his first eight decisions. Two of the first five losses, though, were by one run, and he had little run support.The 0–8 start and lack of run support led to his being called "Hard Luck Houtteman" in the media. His first victory that year came against the Senators, in which he also drove in the winning run. After winning his next start, he defeated the Philadelphia Athletics allowing only five hits, and avoided another loss. But he then lost eight more games and finished the season at 2–16. His teammates and the media attributed this to bad luck rather than bad pitching, and still regarded him as a prime prospect. Newhouser said, "The kid has had nothing but bad luck since the season opened", while Fred Hutchinson said, "He shouldn't have lost more than three or four games had he gotten an even break". But his 4.66 ERA was only 0.06 higher than the major league average.As 1949 spring training began, <mask> was nearly killed. In Lakeland, Florida on March 10, while driving home from Florida Southern College, he crashed into a fruit truck fracturing his skull. Originally listed in critical condition (a priest stood by to administer the last rites in extremis), he recovered rapidly and was able to talk with his teammates two days after the accident, telling them, "I'll be able to pitch sooner than you". Within two weeks, the Tigers were optimistic that <mask> would be able to play again by June. As a result of the injuries to <mask> and Yankee star catcher Yogi Berra due to car accidents, Cleveland Indians playing manager Lou Boudreau banned his players from driving, forcing the soon-to-be world champions to ride chartered buses to exhibition games. Ace of the staff
<mask> marked his return to the Tigers' rotation on May 21, 1949, but he lost his first three decisions. His performance improved, however, as he began to earn more victories in the 1949 season.These wins included a five-hit 2–1 victory over the New York Yankees on July 23. Over the course of the season, <mask> beat each American League club at least once and beat the Yankees and Red Sox three times. He finished the season with a 15–10 record, a 3.71 ERA, 13 complete games, and two shutouts. He was placed in most valuable player (MVP) voting, and received three points and finished tied for 22nd with teammate Virgil Trucks. The Philadelphia Sports Writers Association honored him as the year's "Most Courageous Athlete" because of his injury and comeback. As the 1950 season started, <mask> was on a high note, pitching all of spring training without allowing a walk. He won his tenth game of the season on June 28, 1950, and became the first pitcher to hit the 10-win mark alongside Bob Lemon.After the game, he told an Associated Press reporter that he was just about convinced that Lady Luck had decided to give him a break after kicking him around for the past two or three years. <mask> said, "I've been having a pretty good year and it sure feels good after some of the things that have happened to me". A week into July, <mask> notched his eleventh victory, and only lost five games, in a 6–1 win against the St. Louis Browns. Just a few days later, <mask> was named to the All-Star roster alongside fellow Tigers including Ted Gray, George Kell and Hoot Evers. In the 1950 All-Star game, <mask> pitched three innings and batted once. He allowed one earned run, three hits, and one walk, his one earned run coming in the ninth inning on a Ralph Kiner home run that made the game go to extra innings. <mask> continued his successful season in the second half.On August 19, he faced the Browns and pitched a one-hitter, and faced the minimum 27 batters in the process. <mask> ended the season just short of Ted Gray's prediction of 20 victories, and finished the season with a 19–12 record. He led the league in shutouts with four and was second in games started with 34, second in innings pitched with 274.2, third in wins, and third in complete games with 21. His ERA of 3.54 was good for fifth in the American League. He also earned six points in MVP voting, and finished tied for 24th. On October 2, the day after the 1950 season ended, <mask> married Shelagh Marie Kelly. They met in New York's Catskill Mountains at Grossinger's Resort.Military and return to Tigers
Before the start of the 1951 season, <mask> was drafted into the United States Army. He had originally been classified 4F, or medically ineligible for the draft, because of a high school knee injury, and he felt that he was drafted only because he was a prominent athlete. He served in the heavy weapons division of the Army, where the roar of the big guns sent pains throbbing through <mask>'s head and gave him severe headaches, which doctors believed was a lingering effect of the skull fracture three years earlier. As a result, the Army reclassified <mask> as not fully qualified for combat duty. This led to a medical discharge on September 15, 1951. Speaking of his time in the Army, <mask> said, "I spent most of my time in the Army hospital. I did play a little ball at Camp Pickett", Virginia.When he returned to the Tigers for spring training in 1952, Tigers' manager Red Rolfe noted, "<mask> could be our best pitcher. He's the slump-breaking type, a guy who can throw a shutout once in a while". After a poor season without <mask> in 1951, Rolfe predicted, "We'll be back in the first division this season because <mask> is back. Houtteman makes us at least a dozen games better than [last year's Tigers' team]". <mask> worked out in Detroit with pitcher Ted Gray over the winter before the 1952 season. Before the season started, <mask> said, "It all depends on how I get off. I'm anxious to get into the season.My arm doesn't feel any different than it did in '50. I hope I can do even better than my last year". <mask> also took number 21 on his uniform, the number he had when he first arrived with the Tigers, because he felt that it had given both him and teammate George Kell, who won a batting title with the number, good luck. It appeared that "Hard Luck Houtteman" had returned as the 1952 season began. On April 2, 1952, just before the season started, <mask> lost his seven-month-old daughter in an automobile accident. In an April 26 matchup against the Cleveland Indians, with two outs in the bottom of the ninth, <mask> was one out away from a no-hitter when he threw a fastball that was "supposed to sink" but did not, which Harry hit for a single. <mask> said, "This was the only pitch I shook Ginsberg off the whole game", and for years afterwards, catcher Joe Ginsberg repeatedly said to <mask>, "If you'd listened to me, I'd have you in the Hall of Fame".Detroit won the game by a score of 13–0. After losing his tenth game on June 22, manager Red Rolfe moved <mask> out of the starting rotation and into the bullpen. He finished the year with an 8–20 record and a 4.36 ERA. His 20th loss came on September 21 against the Indians, and he became the first Tiger to lose 20 games since Bobo Newsom in 1941. His disappointing season led to the possibility of a trade, with general manager Charlie Gehringer acknowledging that <mask> might be traded if the right offer came along. <mask> spent the offseason selling cars and making public appearances for the Detroit Tigers. During the 1953 season there were rumors of possible trades for <mask>, with the Yankees proposing the possibility of trading Hank Bauer, an infielder, and Gil McDougald for Houtteman.Gehringer said of <mask>'s high trading price, "<mask> has always had good stuff—much too good to be a 20-game loser". That season, he was used as both a starter and reliever during the season. However, he lost six straight decisions, and by the middle of June had a 2–6 record and a 5.90 ERA. Cleveland Indians
On June 15, 1953, <mask> was traded by the Tigers, along with Owen Friend, Joe Ginsberg and Bill Wight, to the Cleveland Indians for Ray Boone, Al Aber, Steve Gromek and Dick Weik. In July 1953, he returned to Detroit to pitch against the Tigers. At the time, <mask> admitted he wanted to be traded. He said, "The fans are down on me and I'd do everybody a lot more good by being traded".He was not content with the Tigers and said there were times when it seemed he "couldn't wait to peel off his uniform after a game". As a result of Indians' pitching coach Mel Harder doing a "complete" overhaul, <mask> was moved into the starting rotation, to replace Bob Feller. <mask> finished the season in Cleveland with a 7–7 record, six complete games, one shutout, 109 innings pitched, and a 3.80 ERA. At the start of the 1954 season, <mask>'s second daughter, Hollis Ann, was born on February 22. His pitching continued to improve under Mel Harder, who "got me to quit experimenting and to seek my natural delivery". The Indians used him when they could, especially in extra inning affairs. In the Indians' first six extra inning games, <mask> was used three times.As a result, <mask> finished the season with a career-high 11 complete games. The Indians also began to use <mask> and Feller for doubleheaders with great success, as they had a 9–1 record after their first five doubleheaders. <mask> finished the season with a 15–7 record, a 3.35 ERA, and 188 innings pitched. In the 1954 World Series with the Indians, he pitched two innings in Game 3 against the New York Giants, allowing one run and striking out one batter. The 1955 season originally planned to use <mask> as the number four pitcher on the starting rotation, as he had been the previous year. He saw himself remaining the fourth starter, and said, "Herb Score won't beat me out of the fourth starting job with the Indians" on April 11. However, he became a spot starter, as he lost his starting position to Score, the "most talked-about rookie in all the major league training camps".He split starting time with Bob Feller and finished the season with a 10–6 record, a 3.98 ERA, and three complete games. On December 29, 1955, <mask>'s first son, Jeff, was born with assistance from National Football League player Leon Hart, who was visiting Houtteman and helped deliver the baby. <mask> remained a reliever during the 1956 season. He continued to get trade offers in 1956, though, as the Chicago White Sox were willing to trade outfielder Jim Rivera for him. A three-team, nine-player deal involving <mask> again becoming part of the White Sox along with George Strickland was also scrapped at the last second. <mask> finished the 1956 season having only made 22 appearances on the mound, earning a 2–2 record. However, he had a high ERA of 6.56, his highest since 1946, when he made one appearance.As the 1957 season neared, tension was running high. There was talk about <mask>'s being "in the doghouse", or out of favor with the team's management, during the 1956 season due to his lack of starts. According to sportswriter Hal Lebovitz, this was a result of the starting five for the Indians, including spot starter Feller, pitching very well during spring training. <mask> was again brought up in trade rumors, along with Mike Garcia, since the Indians were loaded with pitching talent. When manager Al López was replaced by Kerby Farrell, <mask> did, in fact, land in Farrell's doghouse. Farrell called him out front of his teammates after a poor performance in spring training. <mask> pitched only four innings in three games for the Indians in 1957.Baltimore Orioles and minor leagues
<mask> was put on the trading block before the 1957 season, but he drew no serious offers because Cleveland seemed desperate to trade him. On May 20, after playing three games for the Indians, <mask> was sold to the Baltimore Orioles for an undisclosed amount. Hal Lebovitz called <mask> "a pitcher of considerable promise but who somehow has yet to cash in on it", despite the fact that he was in his 12th and final major league season. During the 1957 season, <mask> made four relief appearances before he was demoted to the Vancouver Mounties of the Pacific Coast League. He was brought back up to the major league roster to pitch on September 22, the final start of his major league career. In his final game, he pitched  innings, allowing three runs on seven hits and throwing two strikeouts. Just before the 1958 season began, <mask> was cut by the Orioles, ending his major league career.Shortly after being cut, he signed on with the Charleston Senators, a farm club of the Tigers. He had a 3.25 ERA and a 7–9 record for the Senators at the end of the 1958 season. In 1959, the Kansas City Athletics decided to give him a tryout. However, despite what was described as an "impressive" performance, they cut <mask> as they were looking for more youthful arms. <mask> signed with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, and posted a 6–9 record with an ERA of 3.69 for the season. After the season ended, and after a third daughter, Sharon, was born in 1959, <mask> announced his retirement from baseball at the age of 32. Later life
After retiring from professional baseball, <mask> kept baseball a part of his life and became a sports reporter for a television station in Detroit for a time.He later became a sales executive with Paragon Steel in Detroit, where he worked until reaching the age of retirement. He was in attendance for the last game at Tiger Stadium in 1999. <mask> died on May 6, 2003, at the age of 75, of an apparent heart attack at his home in Rochester Hills, Michigan. References

External links

BaseballLibrary – career highlights
Baseball Almanac

1927 births
2003 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baltimore Orioles players
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Detroit
United States Army soldiers
American people of Belgian descent
Detroit Catholic Central High School alumni

masks:
Arthur Joseph Houtteman
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title: Maria João Pires

texts:
<mask> (; born 23 July 1944) is a Portuguese classical pianist, widely considered to be one of the best interpreters of Mozart and Beethoven. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lisbon, Portugal, a posthumous daughter of <mask> and his wife Alzira dos Santos Alexandre Barbosa. She has three siblings: <mask>, <mask> and <mask>. Her first recital was at the age of five, and at the age of seven she was already playing Mozart piano concertos publicly. Two years later she received Portugal's top prize for young musicians. In the following years, she studied with Campos Coelho at the Lisbon Conservatory, taking courses in composition, theory, and history of music. She continued her studies in Germany, first in the Musikakademie of Munich with Rosl Schmidt and then in Hanover with Karl Engel.Career
International fame came in 1970, when she won the Beethoven Bicentennial Competition in Brussels. Subsequently, she performed with major orchestras in Europe, America, Canada, Israel and Japan, interpreting works by Bach, Beethoven, Schumann, Schubert, Mozart, Brahms, Chopin and other classical and romantic composers. Her professionalism achieved worldwide recognition when a film (from 1999) was drawn to the attention of the press and went viral in 2013. At the start of a lunchtime concert in Amsterdam, she realised that she had rehearsed for a different Mozart concerto from the one the orchestra had started playing; quickly recovering, she played the correct concerto from memory. <mask> performed at the BBC Proms in 2010. In an interview beforehand, she said that after 60 years of recitals and concerts she had cut back her performances but was non-committal about retirement. From 2012 to 2016, she was a Master in Residence at the Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel in Waterloo, Belgium, where she gave piano lessons and master classes to young talented pianists from all over the world.To foster young musicians, she launched the Partitura Project. In 2017, she announced her retirement from the stage and tours for 2018, but she continued giving concerts. On February 20, 2019 she was awarded with a Doctorate Honorary Degree by Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona. Recordings
Pires performs as a solo artist and in chamber music. Her many successful recordings include performances of the Moonlight and other sonatas by Beethoven, Le Voyage Magnifique (the complete impromptus of Schubert), nocturnes and other works by Chopin, and Mozart trios with Augustin Dumay (violin) and Jian Wang (cello). She won the Pessoa Prize in 1989, and founded the Belgais Centre for Study of the Arts in 1999. Gramophone selected her recordings of the Chopin nocturnes as the best version available: "I have no hesitation in declaring <mask> <mask>—a pianist without a trace of narcissism—among the most eloquent master-musicians of our time."(Bryce Morrison). Another of her acclaimed recordings is Mozart: The Piano Sonatas. According to the Penguin Guide, "<mask> <mask> is a stylist and a fine Mozartian. She is always refined yet never wanting in classical feeling, and she has a vital imagination. She strikes an ideal balance between poise and expressive sensibility, conveying a sense of spontaneity in everything she does." Partial discography

 Chopin, Schubert, Mozart etc. : Complete Concerto Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon 2014
 Chopin, Schubert, Mozart etc.: Complete Solo Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon 2014
 Mozart: Lieder and Arias [Accompanist to Barbara Hendricks] [EMI]
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas Complete (Denon)
 Beethoven: Piano Concertos 3 & 4 (2014, Onyx Classics)
 Mozart; Fantasies KV 397-KV475, Rondos KV485-KV511 (Denon BB-7009) 1974
 Mozart: Piano Concertos 14, 17, 21, & 26 (2013, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Schubert (2013, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Chopin (2008, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Beethoven: Piano Sonatas (2001, Erato)
 Schumann: Piano Concerto, Piano Quintet (2000, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Chopin: Piano Concertos 1 & 2 (1999, Erato)
 Franck, Debussy: Violin Sonatas; Ravel: Berceuse; Habanera; Tzigane (1996, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas K. 281, K. 282, K. 533/K. 494 (1993, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas K. 331 & 457; Fantasias K. 397 & 475 (1990, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Schubert: Sonata; 6 Moments Musicaux; 2 Scherzi (1989, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: The Great Concertos for Piano (1978, Erato)

Move to Brazil
In 2006 she moved to Lauro de Freitas—a town near Salvador, Brazil—and continued performing. At the time of her move, she commented that she had suffered much adverse publicity in Portugal due to her Belgais Centre project to help tackle the significant problem of underprivileged children, a project that the Portuguese Government helped to fund but publicly shied away from. The centre continued to operate at her farm in Portugal and she subsequently started similar projects in Brazil. In 2017, she moved back to Belgais, in Portugal. Social engagement
"It is in response to this issue that <mask> Pires launched the Partitura project. It is all about creating favourable circumstances for transmission by encouraging reciprocal listening between generations: inciting well-known musicians to foster young musicians and to invite them (as the name suggests) to share the concert platform".Honours and Awards

Honours

  Dame of the Order of Saint James of the Sword  (9 August 1983)
  Commander of the Order of Prince Henry (9 June 1989)
  Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword  (9 June 1998)
  Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (19 May 2019)
Honorary doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa), Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona (20 February 2019)

References
Notes

Sources
Belgais Centre
Deutsche Grammophon Biography
Interview with <mask> <mask>, May 24, 2012
Interview in London Evening Standard, 2010

External links
Interview with <mask> <mask>, March 25, 1991

Portuguese classical pianists
Child classical musicians
Deutsche Grammophon artists
Portuguese expatriates in Brazil
Musicians from Lisbon
1944 births
Living people
Pessoa Prize winners
Women classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century women musicians
Erato Records artists

masks:
Maria João Alexandre Barbosa Pires
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João Baptista Pires
Hugo Alexandre Barbosa Pires
Maria Regina Alexandre Barbosa Pires
Maria Helena Alexandre Barbosa Pires
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title: Steven Bankole Rhodes

texts:
Justice S.B<mask> C.B.E. (1890-1951) was one of the founding fathers of both the Nigerian Judiciary as well as the Executive arm of government. On 8 November 1945, he was the second indigenous judge appointed in to the Nigerian Judiciary, the first being Justice Jibowu and the third being Justice Adetokunbo Ademola. As a pioneer Judge,He contributed immensely to the development of Nigerian case law, by adapting the principles of the English common law, in their practical content, to the Nigerian environment. In 1943 he served on the Executive council of Governor Sir Bernard H. Bourdillon;  Prior to this, no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level in Nigeria. He also served on the legislative council representing the Rivers division prior to his appointment to the Executive council.Career

Prior to Joining the legislative council S.<mask> had been called to the bar and was a practicing lawyer. On 21 January 1942, <mask>  was nominated as an unofficial member of the Legislative council of Nigeria, . just before the Richards constitution came in to force. He had represented various interests in the legislative council between 1933- 1943 representing the Rivers division. He was sometimes characterised as a Nationalist. In council, he pushed for the nationalisation of all Nigerian industries. He also pushed for more autonomy for the native courts in relation to the firm grip used by the executive, through administrative officers, to control the Native courts.He asserted that the native courts were the most unsatisfactory aspect of the judicial reform of 1933, and  called for a reconsideration of the Native Courts Ordinance in November 1937. Executive council
On 23 September 1942, King George VI gave directions for the appointment of <mask> <mask>, Esq.to be appointed as a member of the Executive Council of Nigeria. Prior to this appointment,no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level. Before the World War II the educated elements, with few exceptions, were excluded not only from the central government but also from the native administration of local government. The total exclusion of Nigerians from this policy-making body was one of the sharpest criticisms that the Nigerian political leaders leveled against the Legislative and Executive system of colonial administration in the period between the two world wars. Three were elected from the township of Lagos and one from calabar, by an electorate composed of the wealthier members of the communities . All the elected and appointed African members came from the educated class ( five clergy men, six lawyers one journalist, one wealthy trader, and one district chief from the cameroons) yet only two of them both elected from Lagos, would have been considered nationalist minded at the time they served, and they were all repudiated by postwar nationalist.Two educated Africans ( Sir Adeyemo Alakija and Justice S.B.<mask>) were appointed to the governors Executive council in 1943, but both were considered by the nationalist to be ‘safe’ government men. Before 1943 no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level. Bourdillon agitated for constitutional reform to allow him seek African advice on the executive council, and insisted that it was his right as governor, to seek the advice which he needed to govern effectively. On 1 September 1942 Lord Cranborne gave way, despite the unhappiness of his officials. Shortly afterwards Sir Adeyemo Alakija and Justice S.B<mask> were the first Nigerians appointed to the Executive Council, shortly followed by G H Avezathe and the Emir of Katsina. Many Nigerians tended to belittle this inclusion of two of their countrymen in Executive Council, Sir Bernard Bourdillon was obliged to remark in 1944:“The importance of the step …received insufficient notice locally, chiefly

because those Africans appointed were not of the same political colour

as the Press, but it was a real Step forward, unofficial Africans now for

the first time being in the inner Councils of the Governor.”

It was said of these newly appointed leaders, S. B<mask> and A. Alakija of Nigeria; and others, excelled with brilliance of speech and of pen.One cannot get a clearer picture of the type of men to whom the task of political leadership was entrusted, nor appreciate the esteem in which these men were held.' Honour

On the first of January, 1943, King George VI conferred the honour of commander of the said Most Excellent Order –CBE on <mask> <mask>, Esq. For public services in Nigeria. Judiciary

On The 9 October 1945, King George VI gave directions for the appointment of <mask> <mask> C.B.E., to be appointed as a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria . He was the first Nigerian lawyer to be elevated to the Supreme Court Bench straight from the Bar, assuming his role on the 8th of November 1945 . Others on the Bench included, Puisne Judges – O. Jibowu ; A.G.b Manson ; H.m.s Brown; C.T .Abbott ; W. Wells Palmer ; G.G Robinson ; F.W. Johnston ; E.Hallinan ; G.R Gregg.One of the most famous and controversial cases brought before him was the trial of Heelas Ugokwe for the attempted assassination of H.M. Foot. Heelas Ugokwe, a postal worker who in the midst of a countrywide crackdown on anti-colonial activists, carried out an assassination attempt on Colonial Chief Secretary, Hugh Foot. He stabbed him with a jack-knife from behind but Foot was rescued by a messenger. In court, Ugokwe revealed that his target was the British Governor, but because he could not reach him, he decided to assassinate Foot. He accused the British of carrying out massacres of Nigerians and that if the British officials who murdered Nigerian coal miners were free, he saw no reason why he should not be set free. His only regret, he told Justice S.B.<mask> was that he did not succeed in assassinating Foot. The judge gave Ugowe the maximum life

'In which law book did Mr S. B<mask> read that a type of Ugokwe's charge was punished by life' - Nnamdi Azikiwe. The judgment infuriated the Zikist that had come to regard Helas as a champion for Nigeria's liberation. Religion
Justice S. B<mask> was the Chancellor of the Diocese on the Niger, Anglican Communion. at the time, the diocese covered Eastern Nigeria, the Mid-West, Kwara and the Middle Belt. He was succeeded by Louis Mbanefo . Family

Hon.Justice S.B.<mask> was married to Mabel Jones, they had a son S.<mask> III  and two daughters Gloria and <mask>. He is Uncle to Justice R.W.<mask>-Vivour and Grand uncle to Supreme court Justice Bode <mask>ivour. Death

A prominent member of the colon nationalist section of Lagos society, The Hon Justice S.B<mask> told Tony Enahoro, at the end of May 1947 that he S.B. <mask>, expected no self-rule in his lifetime. He died as the country's preparation for independence was apace. Hon.Justice S.B. <mask> C.B.E died in November 1951 at 61 years old. References

1890 births
1951 deaths
Nigerian judges

masks:
. Rhodes
B Rhodes
Rhodes
Steven Bankole
Rhodes
Rhodes
. Rhodes
. Rhodes
Steven Bankole
Rhodes
Steven Bankole
Rhodes
Rhodes
. Rhodes
. Rhodes
Rhodes
B Rhodes
Olga Rhodes
A Rhodes
Rhodes V
. Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes


title: Boyd Neel

texts:
<mask>. (19 July 190530 September 1981) was an English, and later Canadian conductor and academic. He was Dean of the Royal Conservatory of Music at the University of Toronto. <mask> founded and conducted chamber orchestras, and contributed to the revival of interest in baroque music and in the 19th and 20th Century string orchestra repertoire. <mask> was born in Blackheath, London, and wanted to be a pianist as a child. His mother, Ruby Le Couteur, was a professional accompanist, and his father was an engineer. <mask> attended Osborne Naval College and then Dartmouth, and was commissioned in the Royal Navy.Soon after he was commissioned, the armed forces underwent a drastic reduction (the so-called 'Geddes Axe'), and <mask> left the navy to study medicine at Caius College, Cambridge. He qualified in 1930, and became House Surgeon and Physician at Saint George's Hospital, London, and Resident Doctor at King Edward VII's Hospital, London. In 1930, while practising medicine, <mask> studied music theory and orchestration at the Guildhall School of Music. The Boyd Neel Orchestra
For <mask>, at this stage, music was still a hobby. He conducted amateur groups and formed an orchestra of young professionals, whom he recruited in 1932 from the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music. The Boyd Neel London String Orchestra (later the Boyd Neel Orchestra) made its debut at the Aeolian Hall, London, on 22 June 1933. The programme included the first performance in England of Respighi's Suite of Ancient Airs and Dances and the premiere of a new suite by occasional composer Julian Herbage.After the concert, <mask> returned to his surgery and delivered a baby. The second concert, at the same venue, took place on 24 November 1933, and included the first performance in England of the Serenade for Strings by Wolf-Ferrari. On 18 December 1933 the orchestra was invited to broadcast by the BBC for the first time. When Decca offered <mask> and the orchestra a contract, he left medicine to devote himself full-time to music. On 16 February 1934 the orchestra performed a concert of chamber works by Ernest Bloch at the Aeolian Hall, conducted by the composer. <mask> conducted the first music heard in the new Glyndebourne opera house in 1934, in private performances, at John Christie's invitation. Among the Boyd Neel Orchestra's early releases in 1936 were the first recordings of Vaughan Williams's Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis and Britten's Simple Symphony.The following year, <mask> and his orchestra were invited to the Salzburg Festival, for which <mask> commissioned Britten's Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge. In 1939 <mask> commissioned John Ireland's three movement Concertino Pastorale for string orchestra, first played at the Canterbury Festival on 14 June 1939. It was subsequently recorded in February 1940. The orchestra toured Great Britain and Europe until the outbreak of war. World War II to 1952
During World War II, <mask> returned to medical work and the Navy, while continuing to conduct when time permitted. Britten wrote his Prelude and Fugue for 18 string instruments as a 10th birthday present to the Boyd Neel Orchestra in 1943. The same year Gordon Jacob wrote his austere Symphony for Strings for them to perform.It shares much the same emotional terrain as Honegger's Symphony No.2 for trumpet and strings, which the orchestra was also playing at the time. Mátyás Seiber's Besardo Suite No.2, composed in 1942, was premiered by the Boyd Neel Orchestra at the Wigmore Hall on 3 December 1945. After the war, <mask> resumed his musical career, conducting for Sadler's Wells Opera ('50 Rigolettos' he recalled) from 1944 to 1946 and the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company for its 1947 and 1948 London seasons at Sadler's Wells, performing the Gilbert and Sullivan operas. Beginning in 1947, with the Boyd Neel Orchestra, he embarked on a series of world tours, playing in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States, and appearing in festivals such as Edinburgh and Aix-en-Provence. <mask> published a book about these experiences called The Story of an Orchestra in 1950. As well as modern works, the orchestra revived then seldom heard Baroque works by J S Bach, J C Bach, Handel, Vivaldi, Torelli and Geminiani, including the first ever recording of Handel's Concerti Grossi, Op. 6.Toronto and later years
In 1952 <mask> accepted the post of Dean of the Royal Conservatory of Music at Toronto, Ontario. He served in this post for 18 years, reorganising and rebuilding the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto. Soon after his appointment he formed the Hart House Orchestra in Toronto and toured with it extensively, at, among other events, the Brussels World's Fair in 1958, the Aldeburgh Festival in 1966 and Expo '67. After this, he became Artistic Director of the Sarnia Festival Opera House on Lake Huron. After <mask>'s departure to Canada, the Boyd Neel Orchestra was renamed the Philomusica of London and continues under that name today. <mask> was awarded the C.B.E. in 1953 and was an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Music.He became a naturalized Canadian citizen in 1961. In 1972, <mask> was appointed an officer of the Order of Canada, "For his contribution to music education in Canada and his achievements as an artist and conductor." After his retirement, <mask> worked on his memoirs, which were edited and published posthumously by his friend, J. David Finch. The book also includes an extensive discography of recordings of the <mask> Neel Orchestra and the National Symphony Orchestra conducted by <mask> for Decca Records between 1934 and 1979. <mask> died in Toronto at the age of 76. Publications

Books
<mask>, <mask>. The Story of an Orchestra, Vox Mundi, London, 1950. with an introduction by Benjamin Britten.Mitchell, Donald and Keller, Hans, (ed.) Benjamin Britten: a Commentary, Rockcliff, 1952. (<mask> contributed the chapter on string music)
<mask>, <mask>, and J David Finch. My orchestras and other adventures: the memoirs of <mask> University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1985. Sound recordings

References

External links

Profile of <mask> at bach-cantatas.com
List of some available Neel recordings
Another list of available Neel recordings
Archival papers at University of Toronto Music Library

Officers of the Order of Canada
1905 births
1981 deaths
Decca Records artists
English Anglicans
English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
The Royal Conservatory of Music faculty
20th-century British conductors (music)
20th-century English musicians
20th-century British male musicians

masks:
Louis Boyd Neel O C
Neel
Career Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Boyd Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Neel
Boyd
Neel
Neel
Neel
Boyd
Neel
Neel
Boyd
Boyd Neel
Neel


title: John Stevens Cabot Abbott

texts:
<mask> (September 19, 1805 – June 17, 1877), an American historian, pastor, and pedagogical writer, was born in Brunswick, Maine to Jacob and <mask>. Early life
He was a brother of <mask>, and was associated with him in the management of Abbott's Institute, New York City, and in the preparation of his series of brief historical biographies. Dr. <mask> graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825, prepared for the ministry at Andover Theological Seminary, and between 1830 and 1844, when he retired from the ministry in the Congregational Church, preached successively at Worcester, Roxbury and Nantucket, all in Massachusetts. Literary career
Owing to the success of his work, The Mother at Home, he devoted himself from 1844 onwards, to literature. He was a voluminous writer of books on Christian ethics, and of popular histories, which were credited with cultivating a popular interest in history. He is best known as the author of the widely popular History of Napoleon Bonaparte (1855), in which the various elements and episodes in Napoleon's career are described. <mask> takes a very favourable view towards his subject throughout.Also among his principal works are: History of the Civil War in America (1863–1866),History of Napoleon III Emperor of the French (1868), and The History of Frederick II, Called Frederick the Great (New York, 1871). He also did a foreword to a book called Life of Boone by W.M. Bogart, about Daniel Boone in 1876. His biography in The Biographical Dictionary of America (1906) states that Abbot's mind was extremely clear and active, and he could leave the subject in hand for something entirely different, and then resume his former work without the slightest inconvenience, also he was blessed with a singularly even temperament; by his personal goodness, as well as by his books, he had a great influence on the world, he continued active in work nearly to the time of his death, to which he looked forward with joy rather than resignation. The anonymous author of his biography in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.) stated "He was a voluminous writer of books on Christian ethics, and of histories, which now seem unscholarly and untrustworthy, but were valuable in their time in cultivating a popular interest in history"; and that in general, except that he did not write juvenile fiction, his work in subject and style closely resembles that of his brother, <mask>. Marriage and children
On August 17, 1830 he married Jane Williams Bourne, daughter of Abner Bourne and Abagail Williams.Together they raised nine children:
<mask> <mask> (November 29, 1831 – May 24, 1839)
Jane Maria <mask> (born November 25, 1833)
Waldo <mask> (September 8, 1836 – July 7, 1864)
Harriet Vaughan <mask> (born February 18, 1838)
Ellen Williams <mask>(born January 11, 1840)
Laura Sallucia <mask> (born October 30, 1843)
Elizabeth Ballister <mask> (March 15, 1847 – February 23, 1864)
Emma Susan <mask> (born July 12, 1849)
Gorham Dummer <mask> (September 3, 1807 – August 3, 1874)

As a part of the 1872 Iwakura Mission Abbott was given guardianship of Shige Nagai, a Japanese girl sent to the United States to be educated. She became one of the first piano teachers in Japan, and one of the first two Japanese women to attend a college. <mask> died at Fair Haven, Connecticut on 17 June 1877. In 1910, a series of twenty short biographies of historical characters by J. S. C. and <mask>, was published. His brother, Gorham Dummer <mask>, was a pioneer in women’s education in the United States, as well as an author. <mask>'s grandson, <mask>, was a journalist and author and an editor of the Christian Science Monitor. Selected bibliography

Inspirational/religious
The Mother At Home (c. 1830)
The Path of Peace (1836)
The Child At Home (1834)
The School-Boy (1839)
The History of Christianity: consisting of the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, the adventures of Paul and the apostles and the most interesting events in the progress of Christianity from the earliest period to the present time (1872)

Historical
The History of the Civil War in America, (two volumes)
The History of Napoleon Bonaparte (1855) (two volumes)
Napoleon At St. Helena (1855)
Kings And Queens (1855)
Confidential Correspondence Of The Emperor Napoleon (1856)
 The French Revolution of 1789 (1900) [1859]
The Empire Of Russia: Its Rise And Present Power
Austria: Its Rise And Present Power
History of the Habsburg Empire
Italy
The History of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1868)
The Romance Of Spanish History (1869)
Prussia and the Franco-Prussian War  (1871)
The History Of Frederick II, Called Frederick The Great (1871)
The History of The State of Ohio (1875)
Lives Of The Presidents Of The United States (1876)

Biographies
Published after 1850 in the series Illustrated History, with other titles by his brother Jacob Abbott.Later reissued in the Famous Characters of History series, and in the 1904 series Makers of History:
Cortez
Henry IV
Louis XIV
King Philip (Metacomet), war chief of the Wampanoag people
Madame Roland
Marie Antoinette: Makers of History (1901)
Joseph Bonaparte, elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte
Josephine, wife of Napoleon Bonaparte
Hortense, daughter of Josephine
Louis Philippe, the last king to rule France, although Emperor Napoleon III would serve as its last monarch. The American Pioneers And Patriots set:
Daniel Boone
Miles Standish
De Soto
Peter Stuyvesant
Kit Carson
David Crockett
Captain Kidd
<mask> Jones
La Salle
Christopher Columbus
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin

Juvenile
The Child At Home (1834)
The School Boy (1839)
The School Girl (1840)
A Visit To The Mountains (1844)

Notes

References

Attribution

External links

 <mask> Cabot Abbott Autograph Book at the William L. Clements Library

1805 births
1877 deaths
American Congregationalist ministers
19th-century Congregationalist ministers
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
Abbott family
Bowdoin College alumni
Writers from Brunswick, Maine
Christian ethicists
American male biographers
American biographers
19th-century biographers
Andover Theological Seminary alumni
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
John Stevens Cabot Abbott
Betsey Abbott
Jacob Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Jacob Abbott
John Brown
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Jacob Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Willis Abbott
John Paul
John Stevens


title: Grasshopper (musician)

texts:
Grasshopper (born Sean Thomas Mackowiak, May 25 1967) is an American musician with the band Mercury Rev. He has also appeared with Rev side-project Harmony Rockets, his own band Grasshopper and the Golden Crickets, and as a guest musician on numerous other recordings. Early years
Mackowiak's early years have been colored by a 1991 interview given to music publication Melody Maker, which claimed that he met Rev singer Jonathan Donahue in Camp Sunshine, a reform camp for juvenile delinquents, at the age of ten. Grasshopper was throwing dead squirrels and rats into a lawnmower when Jonathan met him. The blood spattered over a watching group of retarded kids and they screamed and yelled. They yelled, "Now throw the possum in! The Possum!The possum too!" Muses Jonathan, "When you're younger, these things make a more vivid impression. I remember huge adrenaline rushes as the guts flew and hit people on the legs. I don't know what Grasshopper had done to get in there. He doesn't talk about it much." The reliability of the story is unknown, though the claim to have met in a reform camp was repeated to the NME in 1998. Grasshopper was born in upstate New York and was introduced to music by his uncle, an Atlantic Records employee who gave him records by John Coltrane, Ornette Coleman and Miles Davis, as well as novels by Jim Carroll.Growing up close to the border, he was in range of Canadian radio stations, further broadening his musical education. In the early 80s, Mackowiak was a member of The People's Front (name taken from the Monty Python film Life of Brian), which played concerts in Fredonia, Dunkirk and Buffalo, NY. There was a film made of the band but has since gone missing. The film showed the band in concert and in a mock documentary with the storyline predicting great success not in the US, but "across the pond" in England. The film ends with a crash that was a foreshadowing of the fate that befell the actual guitar player for the group, Kyle Gaszynski. Grasshopper undertook a BA in the renowned Media Studies program at the State University of New York at Buffalo (1984–1988) where he studied with avant-garde filmmakers Tony Conrad and Paul Sharits as well as Viennese action artist Peter Weibel. He  later received a master's degree in the same subject at The New School, 1990–1993.While studying at Buffalo around 1986/87, Mackowiak began to play bass guitar with avant garde group Shady Crady, an embryonic Mercury Rev incarnation which also featured Donahue, a member of The Flaming Lips until 1991. These formative years brought him into close contact with other members of the Flaming Lips/Mercury Rev sphere, such as producer Dave Fridmann and early Rev singer David Baker, also a media student. Other activities in the late 1980s included working in the video department of a legal transcription company, as a percussionist for the local Buffalo band Sunny in Chernobyl and as a medical research subject: "I did this thing at a medical school where I got paid to take various drugs they were developing. You're in this controlled environment for 3 days and they give you all these drugs then suddenly stop then watch you suffer," he said. Mackowiak is most commonly known by his childhood nickname Grasshopper, derived from how his family's Polish surname translates into the Polish language - "from where the poppies grow" - and his hyperactive nature as a child. Mercury Rev

Mercury Rev properly began in 1989, with Grasshopper moving to electric guitar and the band playing along to footage of TV wildlife documentaries. The band's first two albums, Yerself Is Steam (1991) and Boces (1993) were intricate yet deafening soundscapes dominated by the feedback-strewn, heavily effects-processed guitars of Grasshopper and Donahue.The spirit of experimentation was manifested by the band's use of the Tettix Wave Accumulator, a homemade tone generator of Grasshopper's invention. Boces, remembered by the band as a particularly troubled record, was recorded under the influence of the drug rohypnol. When asked by Melody Maker in 1993 what he liked most about the album, Grasshopper replied: "that it's done." Chaos also manifested itself outside the studio: a legendary, oft-repeated story holds that either Donahue or singer David Baker tried to gouge the guitarist's eye out with a spoon. The band's first UK interview, with the now-defunct Melody Maker in 1991, contained this memorable exchange, reported by Chris Roberts:

I ask Grasshopper's mother, who must be about 50-odd, if she enjoyed the show. "Oh yes," she beams, "it induced orgasm." I'm sorry?"It induced orgasm." After 36 hours in the vicinity of Mercury Rev, nothing on earth should throw me. This does. "Can I take your photograph?" she asks. I run away and tell Grasshopper that his band has just sexually aroused his mother. "Uh-huh," he says, like I've just asked him if he wants a beer."She's kinda cool. And she smokes a lotta dope." The year 1995, however, saw the departure of Rev singer Baker and a radical change in direction for the band, which drew on Broadway, jazz and doo-wop influences helped along by Grasshopper's clarinet. The album See You on the Other Side, and resulting tour, saw the band virtually ignored. With Mercury Rev in disintegration and Donahue suffering a breakdown, Grasshopper retreated to a Jesuit Retreat House monastery in Spain. "I was there for six months. Then I left.I mean, you get up at six AM, you make your bed...it was the complete opposite of everything I had been doing for the past six years," he recalled in 1998. Ten years later, he remembered being "pretty scrambled up inside and it just helped me to reflect and to bring some brakes on certain things in my life that were spinning out of control ... For anybody who wants to go there, it's highly recommended. Just step out of reality for a second, empty yourself out, all the baggage." Between Rev records, he also issued a solo record under the moniker Grasshopper and the Golden Crickets on the Beggars Banquet label. Orbit of Eternal Grace featured several Rev members, home-made electronic instruments and "N.Y. Avenue Playground", effectively a draft of "The Hudson Line", which would appear on the next Mercury Rev album. Around this time, he effected a radical change in appearance by cutting his bottle blond hair into a style which has remained constant since. Grasshopper was also active in Harmony Rockets, a sprawling Mercury Rev side-project responsible for Willy Wonka theme covers and Paralyzed Mind of the Archangel Void, a full-length LP which contrasted ambient drones alongside full-on noise."...Paralyzed Mind is nocturnal trance music that never gets monotonous, a stunning feat for a piece this long.... In 2015 we'll be talking about this mercurial, revolutionary CD in the awed tones reserved for The Velvet Underground & Nico, Revolver, A Love Supreme, or Bitches Brew," claimed Alternative Press in 1996. Reconvening and moving to the Catskill Mountains in these in-between years, the band attempted to record what they deemed likely to be their last chance. The resultant record, Deserter's Songs (1998), was a critical and commercial triumph, leading to an extensive and lengthy tour. With each of the band members in emotionally difficult waters, Grasshopper's contribution on the record drew from the heartfelt death of his uncle. His guitar style, particularly onstage, had evolved from the squalls of the early '90s and was now strongly influenced by the pentatonic blues, albeit retaining an avant-garde edge. In 2001, Grasshopper was injured in a mugging attack which affected the recording of that year's All Is Dream album:

I was at the Jazz Festival in New Orleans, in this bar watching a Cuban band, with a friend of mine.We were the last ones there. We walked out and we just went around the wrong corner. It happened really fast. There were two guys. They had a gun on my friend and they cut me, and took our wallets. I was bleeding pretty badly. When I went to the hospital, the doctor said, "I don't think this is very good; three of your fingers might be paralyzed."Making a full recovery, the guitar solo on the track 'Little Rhymes' was played with his arm in a sling. 2005's The Secret Migration was performed under less dramatic circumstances. Preparations for 2008's Snowflake Midnight album included a period of withdrawal from the guitar, as the band explored new directions with the introduction of software-based instrumentation. Aside from music, Mackowiak's interests include film and modern literature, particularly of the Beat Generation, The Situationists, Minimalism, Fluxus, and Dada. He lives in Kingston, New York with his wife and two young children. Mackowiak is an avid fan of the New York Yankees and frequently posts about them on his Twitter account. Instruments and musicianship
<mask> is nominally the group's lead guitarist, credited in the band's peculiar vocabulary with "guitar shapes"  and "single-exhaust clarinet" in the See You on the Other Side liner notes, and with "guitar reels" and woodwind on Deserter's Songs.The Secret Migration'''s 'Moving On' features prominent singing from him and Jeff Mercel, though 'The Hudson Line', on Deserter's Songs and 'Blood on the Moon' on Lego My Ego feature <mask>'s only lead vocals with Mercury Rev. He also sings backing vocals live. He is credited with playing - and inventing - the Tettix Wave Accumulator on various Rev releases, telling Cokemachineglow:

The Tettix Wave Accumulator is basically a huge bank of oscillators, high and low pass filters, and wave shape manipulators. It can use any sound source to manipulate sounds. It also can then sample the manipulated sound and then store the sound on discs. It is still a very wonderful instrument. In 1994, when it was developed, we threw together a bunch of existing technology that hadn't been used together in quite that way before.Now of course, you can achieve many of these sounds with computer programs like Reaktor. The Tettix Wave Accumulator is now housed in the basement of a bar. We were trying to develop a smaller version, but the funds have recently dried up. You could say that Tettix Inc. has been acquired by the Carlyle Group. "I started out playing clarinet and, I think when I was younger, a lot of my influences were horn players - like Miles Davis, John Coltrane, or John Gillmore, who played with Sun Ra," Grasshopper explained in 2001. "Then as I started playing more and more guitar, as a kid I liked [laughs] The Allman Brothers and Neil Young's guitar playing. Then I got into, obviously, Sterling Morrison of The Velvet Underground, and Tom Verlaine and Richard Lloyd - I love that stuff.I like Robert Quine, who played with Richard Hell, and Lou Reed. I've also got some jazz and punk rock influences, but Tom Verlaine and Richard Lloyd [are the big ones]." On the 2005 Secret Migration tour, he provided additional harmonica, clarinet and electric piano during guitar-less moments. For the creation of Snowflake Midnight, the band bought Macbooks and experimented with various software packages. "I was very interested in the Native Instruments programs Absynth and FM8 after seeing some demos about them at an electronic music conference I attended in Miami," Grasshopper explained to Cokemachineglow. His record The Orbit Of Eternal Grace, recorded around 1996 with a loose group dubbed The Golden Crickets, features Grasshopper's vocals, electric, acoustic and bass guitars as well as a Micromoog, Casio PT-30, ENL Synkey, Vox Continental, Mellotron, tape loops, turntables, guitar synth, tone generator, 'rex', alto and tenor saxophones and 'Scotch 201 (1.5mil acetate)' - a type of analogue tape. He has tended to favour Fender Telecasters since the See You on the Other Side tour, often with customisations such as double humbucker pickups and tremolo arms.These have been decorated with NASA stickers, the logo of the American Revolution Bicentenary (used frequently on album artwork)and stars on the headstock. A Fender Tele-sonic made its appearance on the All Is Dream tour, later acquiring a Bigsby tremolo unit. As the band's sound changed radically with the release of Snowflake Midnight, Grasshopper switched to a hardtail, double-humbucker Fender Jaguar and Yamaha electric guitar. He and Donahue both used Fender Hotrod DeVille 4x10 combo amplifiers since 1998's Deserter's Songs tour, but switched to comparable Peavey models to tour Snowflake Midnight'' in 2008. A Boss GT6 was added to the already-extensive array of assorted pedals in 2005. References

External links
Mercury Rev's official website

Silvertone Series #2 Grasshopper and Mercury Rev in Russia. An interview for Podstantsiya.ru

1967 births
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Living people
Mercury Rev members
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
20th-century American guitarists
The New School alumni
University at Buffalo alumni

masks: Grasshopper Grasshopper