title: Nikolay Drozdov

texts:
<mask> (; born 20 June 1937) is a Russian doctor of biological sciences, candidate of geographical sciences, zoological sciences, professor of Moscow State University, a public figure, member of the expert council of the national award "Crystal Compass," a member of the media council of the Russian Geographical Society. Drozdov has worked on the Russian show In the World of Animals for over 50 years beginning in 1968. He served as a commentator, and then in 1977 became a writer on the show and an anchor. He is a recipient of The Golden Orpheus TV award. In the World of Animals won the TEFI award as the best popular scientific program in 1995. Drozdov was elected to the Russian TV Academy in 1996. Drozdov is a recipient of the Kalinga Prize as well as the  UNESCO Albert Einstein medal (gold).He has written 20 books and numerous articles, and is an ecology adviser to the UN Secretary General. Biography
<mask> Nikolaevich was born in Moscow, into a family of scientists. His father, <mask> Sergeevich <mask> (1902—1963), was Professor of Organic Chemistry at the 2nd Moscow State Medical Institute. His mother, Nadezhda Pavlovna Dreyling (1906—1993), was a physician at the 5th city hospital in Moscow and was assistant to academician P. E. Lukomskiy . The great-grandfather on the mother's side is Ivan Romanovich von Dreyling,  from an old Tyrolean and then, a Russian noble family. He was a cuirassier officer, at the age of 17 he participated in the Battle of Borodino, was an orderly of the  Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov, and then, went to Paris and participated in the battles, was awarded the Order of St. Anna of II degree and St. Vladimir of IV degree with a bow, kept a detailed diary of combat actions, stored in manuscript in the Historical Museum and published in the book “1812. Memories of the soldiers of the Russian army.While studying at school, he worked as a herdsman at the stud farm in the Rybnovsky District of the Ryazan region. After school, he entered the Faculty of Biology of the Moscow State University, where he became a friend of Vladimir Pozner. After leaving the second year of biology of the Moscow State University, he worked at a garment factory, first as a student, and then went to the master of the seventh category for sewing men's outerwear. In 1952–1955, he actively participated in the work of the biology club of All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature (VOOP) under the leadership of P. P. Smolin. Together with Boris Vilenkin, Pyotr Vtorov, Yuri Puzachenko, Olga Shokhina, Mikhail Chernyakhovsky, Leonid Lisovenko and Roman Zlotin, they became prominent representatives of the second generation of VOOP. In 1956-1957, he studied at the Faculty of Science of the Moscow City Pedagogical Institute of V.P. Potemkin.After the second year, he moved to the MSU Faculty of Geography. In 1963, he graduated from the Department of Biogeography of the Faculty of Geography of Moscow State University, and by 1966 pursued his prost-graduation education. Scientific and social work

In 1968, he defended his postgraduation education thesis on the topic "Cultural landscapes of the arid regions of the USSR and their avifauna". Since then, he is working at the Department of Biogeography of the MSU Faculty of Geography -  first junior, then senior research associate, since 1979 - associate professor, and since 2017 as professor. He has read courses in ecology, ornithology, nature conservation, world biogeography; he constantly gives lectures. In 1968, for the first time he appeared in the popular television show “In the world of animals”.A. G. Bannikov introduced him to the show host, A. M. Zguridi.Later he was a scientific consultant of the movies about animals “Black Mountain”, “Riki-Tiki-Tavi”, etc. Since 1977, he became the host of this program. In 1971-1972, he passed a 10-month scientific internship at the Faculty of Zoology of the Australian National University (Canberra, Australia). Traveled to many areas of Australia and described this journey in the book "Flight of the boomerang." In 1975, he worked as part of the Soviet delegation at the XII General Assembly of the International Union for Conservation of Nature in the city of Kinshasa (Zaire). Elected member of the IUCN National park Commission. Visited the eastern part of Zaire and the national parks of Virunga  and Kahuzi-Biega.For the first time, a group of USSR zoologists saw mountain or Eastern gorilla in the natural environment. The photos and trip report were published in the Природа Nature magazine. In the same 1975, after visiting India, Drozdov became a vegetarian. He participated in numerous scientific expeditions on the territory of the USSR (to Kamchatka Peninsula, the Far East, the Kuril Islands, the Pamir Mountains, the Tian Shan, the Karakum Desert). In 1979, he climbed to the top of Mount Elbrus. In 1980, he participated in a 4-month expedition on the research ship of the  Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union  on the islands of Fiji, Tonga and Samoa, within the framework of the national project "Ecosystem" of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, on the topic "Protection and rational use of island ecosystems." In 1993 and 1995, he participated in the expeditions of the Russian icebreaker Yamal (to the North Pole and on the Northern Sea Route) and on the ship "Discoverer" (along the coast of Alaska and Canada).Since 1996, he was a member of the High Advisory Council on Sustainable Development under the United Nations Secretary-General. In 2002, as part of the International Expedition, made a landing on the North Pole and spent a week in the ice camp Barneo. In the same year, a member of the expert council of the national award "Crystal Compass". In 2000, in Petrozavodsk city, he defended his PhD thesis in Biological Sciences (having no dissertation text, based on several works) on the topic “Fauna, animal population and protection of biological diversity in arid regions of the Earth”. In 2014, he was elected to the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation of the 5th legislature (by 2017). He is a member of Public Council of the International Public Movement "We love Russia". Social position
In 2010, he supported a protest against deforestation of protected forest in the Khimki Forest.In 2012, he supported organizations and individuals promoting nature conservation. He maintained close contacts with the (Patrciarch of Moscow) the head of the Russian Orthodox Church. In 2014, he advocated for the animals defense and for preservation of their habitat. For many years, he fruitfully cooperates with the national and international environmental organizations. Approved the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation. Broadcasting Jobs

In 1977—2019 - the host of the TV program "In the world of animals". In 1996, he was elected the member of the Academy of Russian Television.In the same year, the program “In the animal world” was awarded the “TEFI” award as the “Best Educational Program”. Author and co-author of many documentaries and videos about nature and animals: the series “By the pages of the Red Book”, “Rare animals”, “Standards of the biosphere” (ordered by UNESCO) and the others. In the early and mid-2000s, he translated and voiced BBC documentaries the “Wildlife”. The largest work is the 6-episode documentary Realms of the ”Russian Bear” (1988–1992), developed jointly with the natural history department of the BBC. He was repeatedly a member of the jury of the Pop scientific film and television festivals about animals and the nature of Great Britain and Italy. In 2003 and 2004, he took part in the reality show “Last Hero” (fourth and fifth editions). Participated in the special edition of the What?Where? When? ” program dated April 1, 2005 (on the 10th anniversary of the first broadcast at the Channel One Russia ) as part of the team of hosts of those years, as well as in the  KVN (in the second semi-final of the Higher League, in the fall of 2014). In 2005, he starred together with Nikas Safronov in the reality TV show “Rublevka. Live » (NTV)). In 2008, he was the host of the program “In the world of people” at the Channel One Russia, but it did not last long, but caused a lot of negative emotions and criticism. In 2014, he led the program “The Alphabet of the Forest” on the “Children's Radio”, in which he read N. Sladkov's stories about nature.References

External links

 World of Animals TV show with <mask> Drozdov. <mask> <mask> on History of Russia in Photographs site. Russian broadcasters
Russian naturalists
1937 births
Moscow State University alumni
Kalinga Prize recipients
Living people
Soviet television presenters
Russian television presenters
Russian professors

masks:
Nikolay Nikolaievich Drozdov
Nikolay
Nikolay
Drozdov
Nikolay
Nikolay
Drozdov


title: Jim Devine

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 21 May 1953) is a former Member of Parliament. He was the Labour Party member for Livingston from 2005 until 2010 and Chairman of the Scottish Labour Party between 1994 and 1995. On 16 June 2009, following the 2009 expenses scandal, he was barred by the Labour Party from seeking re-election at the 2010 general election, after reports he claimed expenses for work on his home from a non-existent firm. He was convicted of false accounting on 10 February 2011 and sentenced to 16 months' imprisonment on 31 March 2011. Early life
<mask> was born and brought up in Blackburn, West Lothian and was educated in Bathgate. He served as the election agent for Livingston Constituency Labour Party and the local MP Robin Cook from the 1983 general election until Cook died in 2005. From 1994 to 1995 he was the Chairman of the Scottish Labour Party.Prior to his election, <mask> worked as a full-time trade union official for the Confederation of Health Service Employees (COHSE) and then as Head of Health in the Scottish Region of the public sector union after UNISON was formed in 1993. Before becoming a trade union official <mask> was a mental health nurse, having trained and worked at Bangour Village Hospital in Dechmont. Parliamentary career
He was selected to succeed Robin Cook as the Labour Party candidate in the ensuing 2005 Livingston by-election following Cook's sudden death. He won, defeating his SNP rival though Labour's majority was reduced by more than 10,000 votes. He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 25 October 2005. He served as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Health Minister Rosie Winterton until he resigned in protest at the decision to replace Trident. He was also a member of the Science and Technology as well as the Scottish Affairs Select Committees.In October 2010, <mask>'s former office manager Marion Kinley won a complaint of unfair dismissal and breach of contract against him. An employment tribunal ruled that Devine had subjected Kinley to "a course of bullying and harassment". During the hearing, Devine was accused of perpetrating a hoax suggesting that newspapers were investigating the two of them. He was said to have used a friend, Fiona Fox, to pose as an investigative journalist. Compensation of £35,000 was ordered to be paid. On <mask>'s failure to pay the compensation of £35,000, bankruptcy proceedings were instituted against him and he was adjudicated bankrupt on 23 February 2011. MPs' expenses

On 2 June 2009, Devine was referred to the Labour Party's 'star committee' with a status of 'urgent' in connection with allegations involving expense claims submitted for a company that never existed.He had gained the backing of his local party members a week prior to the hearing, but the panel unanimously recommended he should be deselected. He was thereafter barred from standing as a candidate for the Labour Party in the next UK general election. Prosecution and conviction
On 5 February 2010 it was announced that Devine was to be prosecuted over his expense claims. The former Livingston MP initially faced two charges under section 17 of the Theft Act 1968 of false accounting. The first charge alleged that between July 2008 and April 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £3,240 for cleaning services using false invoices. The second charge alleged that in March 2009 Devine dishonestly claimed £5,505 for stationery using false invoices. He denied the charges, though in a live Channel 4 interview when questioned: "So you got a receipt from somebody you were paying as a member of staff, and submitted it as stationery?"by journalist Krishnan Guru-Murthy, Devine replied: "Yes. This was allowed at the time." On 27 May 2010 <mask>, Elliot Morley, David Chaytor and Lord Hanningfield (Paul White) appeared at Southwark Crown Court for a preliminary hearing. They faced charges of false accounting under the Theft Act. <mask>'s trial began on 2 February 2011. The indictment he faced ultimately included three counts of false accounting under the Theft Act 1968. On 10 February 2011 he was found guilty on two counts of false accounting (relating to false claims for a total of £8,385) but not guilty on another count (relating to £360).Sentencing was adjourned for four weeks. On 31 March 2011 <mask> was sentenced to 16 months imprisonment. He was released from prison on 1 August 2011 after serving a quarter of his sentence. He was freed under the home detention curfew scheme, under which prisoners who are deemed to pose a low risk are tagged and released early after serving at least a quarter of their sentence. His release was met with anger from groups including the TaxPayers' Alliance. As a result of his conviction and sentence, Devine was automatically expelled from the Labour Party. Personal life
Devine used to live in Blackburn, West Lothian.He is divorced from his wife Liz, and has a daughter and a son. In 2005, Devine admitted to a number of affairs and a conviction for drink driving. After his release from prison, Devine moved to Killarney, Ireland to start a new life. See also
Other Members of Parliament found guilty of fraud during the 2008 expenses scandal:
David Chaytor - Labour MP for Bury North from 1997 to 2010
Eric Illsley - Labour MP for Barnsley Central from 1987 to 2011
Denis MacShane - Labour MP for Rotherham from 1994 to 2012
Margaret Moran - Labour MP for Luton South from 1997 to 2010
Elliot Morley -  Labour MP for Glanford and Scunthorpe from 1987 to 1997 and then Scunthorpe from 1997 to 2010

References

External links
 BBC News – Cook's agent to stand in election

1953 births
Living people
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
People from Blackburn, West Lothian
Politics of West Lothian
Scottish Labour MPs
Scottish nurses
Scottish Roman Catholics
Scottish trade unionists
UK MPs 2005–2010
Scottish fraudsters
Scottish politicians convicted of crimes
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
Scottish prisoners and detainees
British politicians convicted of fraud
Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
21st-century Scottish criminals

masks:
James Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine
Devine


title: David Nofoaluma

texts:
<mask> (born 28 November 1993) is a Samoa international rugby league footballer who plays on the  for the Wests Tigers in the NRL. He has played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII and New South Wales City. Background
<mask> was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. He is of Samoan descent. <mask> played his junior football for the Campbelltown Warriors and Campbelltown Collegians before being signed by the Wests Tigers. In 2010, he played for the Australian Schoolboys and also New South Wales U18's team. In 2011, <mask> again played for the New South Wales U18's team.He played for the Tigers' NYC team in 2011 and 2012, scoring a try as a member of the 2012 Grand Final winning team. On 23 May 2012, <mask> re-signed with the Tigers on a two-year contract. Playing career

2013
In round 10, <mask> made his NRL debut for the Tigers against the South Sydney Rabbitohs on the wing in the 54–10 loss at ANZ Stadium. The next week against the North Queensland Cowboys at Leichhardt Oval, <mask> scored a match-winning try as the Tigers prevailed 22–20. In his third appearance in round 13 against the Penrith Panthers, <mask> scored two tries in the first half in the 20–18 win. In Round 20, <mask> gained attention for a try he scored against the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles. Leaping for a Benji Marshall cross-field bomb, Nofoaluma caught the ball before being shoved by Manly winger Jorge Tafua.With most of his body in the air over the dead-in-goal line, <mask> managed to place the ball down for what was described as, "arguably the most acrobatic try of the past decade." It was awarded the Dally M Try of the Year. In total, <mask> scored eight tries from his fifteen appearances in 2013, and was described as, "a revelation on the flank." Despite his limited appearances, he was sixth in the competition for tackle-busts throughout the season. He was named by Phil Gould as one of the rookies of the year. 2014
After missing round 1 with a hamstring injury, <mask> returned in round 2, scoring a try in the Tigers 42–12 win. On 11 April, <mask> re-signed with Wests Tigers, keeping him at the club till the end of the 2017 season.In April, he was named in the Samoan team to play against Fiji in the 2014 Pacific Rugby League International to qualify for the 2014 Four Nations. He was later ruled out with a knee injury and replaced by Young Tonumaipea. In Round 18, Nofoaluma suffered a season ending anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) knee injury. He scored 7 tries from 15 matches in 2014. 2015
After undergoing off-season surgery on his knee, Nofoaluma returned from the injury via the Wests Tigers NSW Cup side. A subsequent ankle injury meant he did not return to first grade until Round 10. With team-mate Chris Lawrence moving to the second-row, Nofoaluma played some games at centre before swapping positions with Kevin Naiqama and returning to his regular position of winger.<mask> played in 10 games and scored 6 tries for the season. On 26 September, he represented the Prime Minister's XIII against Papua New Guinea, playing on the wing. He scored two tries in the 40–12 win. 2016
<mask> scored three tries in the opening two rounds of the season. In May, he was a late selection for City, but only lasted five minutes in the match before being replaced after suffering a head knock. Missing just one game for Wests Tigers, he was the team's joint leader for tries scored, with a career-best 14 and led the entire competition with 134 tackle breaks. He said, "I think it was the best year of my career, for sure.I was really happy with how I went. It was exciting to know what I can do when I get more games into me. I felt better and better as each game went on and I think I was playing my best footy at the end of the year, which was really pleasing." Coach Jason Taylor named <mask> the club's best player for the second half of the season. At the end of the year, <mask> made his international debut for Samoa, playing fullback in an historic test match against Fiji in Apia. 2017
Nofoaluma received high praise for the first game of the year, with the Daily Telegraph saying, "Playing as if he needed to break 200 metres to get paid, Nofoaluma eventually churned through 211 while also creating several opportunities, through his seven tackle breaks and two line breaks, that would eventually lead to points for others. Hell, the Tigers No.2 even offloaded—yes, offloaded—five times." In April, it was announced that <mask> had re-signed with the Wests Tigers on a four-year contract. Weeks later, he suffered an injury that required groin and hernia surgery, but played on for the remainder of the season. He said, "I couldn't do certain movements. Even when sitting up, I couldn't get out of bed; I had to roll out. I could have had the operation straight away, but there was no depth in the team, and Ivan needed me out there." <mask> finished the regular season in the NRL's top five performers for metres gained, tackle-breaks and offloads.He led the Wests Tigers in these fields and was also their leader for line-breaks. He was the only player to play in all 24 games for Wests Tigers, scoring 8 tries. At season's end, he was named as a winger in the Rugby League Players Association Dream Team. 2018
Despite his achievements in 2017, <mask> was a surprise exclusion for round 1, with Corey Thompson chosen ahead of him on the right wing. Playing reserve grade, he scored two tries. <mask> said, "It was one of the biggest shocks of my career so far. But in saying that, for me coming out today, even the whole week leading up to this game, it makes you feel like you've got to perform at your best to be at the top with the best."With Tuimoala Lolohea suffering a knee injury, Thompson moved to fullback and <mask> returned his regular spot in the team for round 2. In June, <mask> suffered a calf injury that would see him on the sideline for a month, and had to be helped from the field. He later tweeted. "Disgraced when coming off injured to hear a roosters fan in the crowd say "Nofoaluma you cunt. Your a fucking piece of shit". Hope your satisfied!!" Returning in round 18, he remained in first grade for the remainder of the season, scoring six tries from his eighteen appearances.2019
<mask> suffered a shoulder injury in the preseason and didn't make an appearance in first grade until round 11. He remained in the team for the rest of the year, scoring 8 tries in his 14 games. In round 23, he scored his first ever hat-trick of tries in Wests 46–4 win over the Newcastle Knights at Campbelltown Stadium. 2020
<mask> scored two tries for Wests in round 1 of the 2020 NRL season as the club defeated St. George Illawarra 24–14 at WIN Stadium. After a further 2 tries in round 4, he led the competition with 6 tries, 2 ahead of his closest rival. In round 7, he scored a third double as the Wests Tigers defeated Canterbury-Bankstown 34–6. In round 17, he scored a hat-trick as Wests defeated Manly-Warringah 34-32 at Brookvale Oval, taking him three clear on the NRL's leading try-scorer list for the season.He was still leading the competition with 17 tries coming in to final round of the season, but was surpassed when Kyle Feldt scored 3 tries and then Alex Johnston scored 5. 2021
With the departure of Benji Marshall at the end of 2020, <mask> entered the season as Wests Tigers' long serving player. In round 9, he scored two tries in a 28-36 loss against the Gold Coast at Campbelltown. In round 18 against Brisbane, he scored his 85th and 86th try for the Wests Tigers, becoming their all-time leading try scorer, surpassing the record of 84 held by Marshall and Chris Lawrence. Nofoaluma played in all 24 regular season games, his 13 tries the  most for the club in 2021. He led the competition in offloads, completing 50, and placed 11th for tackle breaks,  and 6th in runs. References

External links

Wests Tigers profile
Tigers profile
NRL profile

1993 births
Living people
Australian people of Samoan descent
Australian rugby league players
Junior Kangaroos players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league players from Newcastle, New South Wales
Rugby league wingers
Samoa national rugby league team players
Western Suburbs Magpies NSW Cup players
Wests Tigers NSW Cup players
Wests Tigers players

masks:
David Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma
Nofoaluma


title: Creed Bratton

texts:
<mask> (born William Charles Schneider, February 8, 1943) is an American actor, singer and musician. A former member of the rock band The Grass Roots, he is best known for playing a fictionalized version of himself on the NBC sitcom The Office, which earned him five nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. Early life and education
<mask> was born William Charles Schneider in Los Angeles, and grew up in Coarsegold, California, a small town near Yosemite National Park. When Bratton was two, his father died when he was working on an airplane that exploded while he was stationed in Hawaii. His grandparents, mother and father were musicians, and he took a liking to music at a very early age. At 13, he ordered his first guitar from a Sears mail-order catalog. He became a professional musician during his high school and college years.Musical career

Early years
<mask> adopted his new name while on a global excursion as a traveling musician. He traveled through Europe, Africa and the Middle East. He played guitar at a large folk festival in Israel, appearing with his group the Young Californians. Fellow American and guitarist Warren Entner witnessed <mask>'s performance and asked to give him a call when he got back to the United States. In 1966, they formed a partnership and recruited the remaining members needed for their group, the 13th Floor. <mask> played lead guitar, Rick Coonce played drums, Entner played rhythm guitar and Kenny Fukomoto played bass. The Young Californians recorded a demo and sent it to Dunhill, a new record company headed by Lou Adler.The Grass Roots

Producers/songwriters P. F. Sloan and Steve Barri heard the demo and liked it. They needed new band members for a folk-rock group that they had created in 1965. The 13th Floor lost their bass player to the draft during this time, and quickly recruited Rob Grill, changing the band's name to the "Grass Roots" for prior name recognition. The group went straight to the Top 10 with the song "Let's Live for Today" in 1967 and toured the United States. Iconic hit songs such as "Midnight Confessions" cemented the group's standing as major contributors to the rock-music scene. The Grass Roots had top songwriters offering their best songs to them and wrote many songs themselves. For their major songs, music on the recordings was played by the LA studio musicians known as the Wrecking Crew.<mask> co-wrote the songs "Beatin' Round the Bush", "No Exit" and "Hot Bright Lights", and self-composed "Dinner for Eight" and "House of Stone". He sang lead vocals on "This Precious Time" and "Dinner for Eight". <mask> played with the group on its albums Let's Live for Today, Feelings, Golden Grass (a compilation) and Lovin' Things. Three of the albums charted, and Golden Grass received a gold record certification. He took part in ten of the group's singles, eight of which charted; "Midnight Confessions" received a gold record certification. The Grass Roots played at the Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival on Sunday, June 11, 1967, during the "Summer of Love" as their top-ten hit "Let's Live for Today" was hitting the airwaves. Though the music festival occurred before the Monterey Pop Festival, it was not filmed as was the latter festival (see List of electronic music festivals).On Sunday, October 27, 1968, the group played at the San Francisco Pop Festival and then played at the Los Angeles Pop Festival and Miami Pop Festival in December as the top-ten hit "Midnight Confessions" was becoming popular. In April 1969, <mask> became frustrated by Dunhill's refusal to allow the band to write its own songs and play the instruments on its records (although the members did play alone at concerts). After a disastrous appearance at the Fillmore West in April 1969, <mask> was asked to leave the band. Solo years
In 2001 and 2002, <mask> released three albums showcasing his solo recordings since the 1960s with the assistance of Peter White. In 2007, he presented an induction award to the Wrecking Crew at the Musicians Hall of Fame. In 2008, he released another album of new music with producer Jon Tiven. In 2010, Bratton released an album titled "Bounce Back" with producer Dave Way.In 2011, <mask> released an album of greatest hits from his first three solo albums, titled "Demo". In 2010 and 2012, Bratton performed live at the SXSW festival. In 2013, <mask> released an original work in three acts as an audio biography titled Tell Me About It. Songs ranged from those recently written to pieces that he had written decades before. Bratton states that he listens to much jazz and classical music. On January 18, 2014, <mask> joined his friend Zachary Scot Johnson for a duet for the 500th consecutive day of the thesongadayproject on YouTube. Acting career

<mask> began to pursue an acting career in 1979.He has appeared in films such as Mask and Heart Like a Wheel. He was a cast member, playing a fictional version of himself, on NBC's Emmy and SAG award-winning The Office. In the episode "Booze Cruise", he speaks about his time with the Grass Roots on a deleted scene. In the series finale, his character is revealed to have been in the Grass Roots as well as committing many crimes. This episode also features <mask> performing his song All The Faces. In 2008, he appeared in a short film with Kyle Gass titled Just One Of The Gynos, which won an award for best short film at the 2008 Malibu International Film Festival. He appeared in the feature film Labor Pains in 2009.His recent film projects are The Ghastly Love of Johnny X, written, produced and directed by Paul Bunnell; I Am Ben, written, produced and directed by Mathew Brady and Gaelan Connell; and Terri produced by David Guy Levy. Terri was selected by the Sundance Film Festival 2011 to appear in the US dramatic competition. It was one of only 16 films selected from 1,102 submissions to the US dramatic category. In 2012, he appeared as special guest star in Staged with Brandon Olive who appeared with him in Just One Of The Gynos. In 2013, he starred in Saving Lincoln, a biography set during the American Civil War. Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Video games

Discography

Singles

++ - Gold Record - RIAA Certification

Albums

++ - Gold Record - RIAA Certification

References

External links

The-GrassRoots.com - Official Site
<mask> at MySpace
[ Creed at AMG]
Interview with <mask>, Rocker Magazine 2013, about new record, finale of The Office
Interview with <mask>, Submerge Magazine 2015, about his career as an actor and musician

1943 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male singer-songwriters
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock guitarists
Singer-songwriters from California
Male actors from Los Angeles
People from Coarsegold, California
Guitarists from Los Angeles
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American guitarists
Comedians from California
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers

masks:
Creed Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Bratton
Creed Bratton
Creed Bratton
Creed Bratton


title: Jang Bogo

texts:
<mask> (787–846), childhood name: Gungbok, was a Sillan who rose to prominence in the Later Silla period of Korea as a powerful maritime figure who effectively controlled the Yellow Sea (West Sea), and dominated the trade between Silla, Heian Japan, and Tang China for decades. His impressive fleet of ships was centered in Wando, an island in South Jeolla Province. So influential a figure did <mask> become in late Silla politics that he was granted official office as maritime commissioner of the Cheonghaejin Garrison (on Wando) and came near to marrying his daughter into the Silla Royal House before his assassination in 846. He was worshipped as a god following his death. Early years
<mask> was born as the son of a boatman and his childhood name was Gungbok. Gungbok means a good bow shooter, and he has excelled in martial arts and swam well since he was young. Gungbok, a native of Cheonmin, learned that he could not become a general in Silla, so he moved to Tang Dynasty and joined the army and changed his name to <mask>go.Meanwhile, <mask>, who learned that the Silla people were suffering from pirates, eventually returned to Silla. The tree sources on his life are the Chinese New Book of Tang (Xīn Tángshū), the Japanese Shoku Nihon Kōki (続日本後紀), and the Korean 12th-century Samguk Sagi ("A History of the Three Kingdoms"), which contains a brief biography of <mask> compiled three centuries after his death. The biography relates that <mask> was adept in martial arts and claims that <mask>'s companion Jeong Yeon (정년, 鄭年) could swim five li (about 2.5 km) underwater, without taking a breath. The history further records that as young men the two companions, <mask> and Jeong Yeon, traveled to Tang China. Their skills in horsemanship and the handling of spears soon won them military office. They were both named Junior Generals of Wuning District (武寧軍小將) (in what is today Jiangsu province). Rise to power
By the ninth century thousands of Silla subjects were living in Tang, centered mostly around merchant activities in coastal Shandong and Jiangsu provinces, where they established their own Silla communities often led by Silla officials.Wealthy benefactors (including at one point <mask> himself) even established Silla Buddhist temples in the region, as related by the 9th-century Japanese monk Ennin, whose journal constitutes one of the other rare sources on <mask>go. Apparently, while in China <mask> had become incensed at the treatment of his fellow countrymen, who in the unstable milieu of late Tang often fell victim to coastal pirates or inland bandits. In fact, Silla subjects living in Tang had become a favored target of bandits, who sold their captives into slavery. In 823 the Tang emperor went so far as to issue an edict stopping the slave trade and ordering the return of all abducted Koreans to Silla. Shortly after returning to Silla around 825, and by now in possession of a formidable private fleet headquartered at Cheonghae (Wando), <mask> petitioned the Silla king Heungdeok (r. 826-836) to establish a permanent maritime garrison to protect Silla merchant activities in the Yellow Sea. Heungdeok agreed and in 828 formally established the Cheonghae (淸海, "clear sea") Garrison at what is today Wando island off Korea's South Jeolla province. The Samguk Sagi further relates that Heungdeok gave <mask> an army of 10,000 men to establish and man the defensive works.The remnants of Cheonghae Garrison can still be seen on Jang islet just off Wando's southern coast. The establishment of Cheonghae garrison marked the apex of <mask>'s career. From that moment he can be viewed in the context of the numerous private warlords arising outside the Silla capital who were often backed by formidable private armies. <mask>'s force, though nominally bequeathed by the Silla king, was effectively under his own control. <mask> became arbiter of Yellow Sea commerce and navigation. Another rare account of <mask> and his garrison comes from the journal of the Japanese monk Ennin (Jikaku), who in 840 made a pilgrimage to Tang in search of Buddhist scriptures and relied upon the maritime abilities of <mask> to reach China and return. The best evidence of <mask>'s now high fortunes is his involvement in the volatile factional politics of the Silla court.Political influence
At the time, <mask>'s backing of his own army allotted him immense power in politics. Militarily, he was powerful enough to overthrow the state and become king himself had he wanted to. He was often hated by the Silla royal family members due to his prominent status and the fact that he was born a commoner, not a nobleman. In 839 <mask> proved instrumental in the seizure of power by Silla's King Sinmu following the overthrow of King Minae. Kim Ujing (later King Sinmu) approached <mask> for help in taking the throne from the usurper who had killed Ujing's father. <mask> is purported to have replied, “The ancients had a saying, ‘To see what is right and not to do it is want of courage.’ Though I am without ability, I shall follow your orders." Thereupon <mask> dispatched a force of 5000 men under the command of his closest companion and adviser Jeong Yeon (who had since also returned from Tang) in support of Sinmu's claim.The success of Sinmu's power grab won <mask> the post of Prime Minister. Death
The account of <mask>'s demise comes from the Samguk Sagi. In 845 <mask> overplayed his hand when he maneuvered to marry his daughter to King Munseong (ruled 839-857), son of Sinmu. Aristocratic factions at court, no doubt fed up with the machinations of <mask> (a man in all likelihood from obscure provincial origins outside Silla's aristocratic order), then plotted to have him killed. The Samguk Yusa, a late 13th century Korean book that mixes history and tales of marvels and popular legend, relates that the Silla king was pressured by aristocrats to deny <mask> his marriage and that as a result <mask> began to conspire against the king. Whether it was the Silla king or the aristocracy that was behind <mask>'s demise is unclear. However, both the Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa relate that in 846 <mask> was assassinated at his Cheonghae garrison headquarters by Yeomjang (염장, 閻長), an emissary from the Silla court who had arrived concealing a knife in his garments.Gaining <mask>'s confidence by pretending he had fled from the Silla capital, he then attacked <mask> as they shared wine. However, the Japanese history book, Shoku Nihon Kōki (續日本後紀) (Later Chronicle of Japan, Continued), gives <mask>'s date of death as 841. In 851 the Cheonghae garrison was disbanded and its troops dispersed. The location of <mask>'s burial spot remains unknown. In Korean Shamanism and Mythology
<mask> was worshipped as a god after his death, especially on the small island of Jangdo. The shamanistic temple on the island worships 'Great General Song'; however, according to the islanders, 'Great General Song' is a title of <mask>go. There is a myth about <mask> ('<mask>') and 'General Eom', <mask>'s son-in-law, retold in the region.General Eom, who was General <mask>'s son-in-law, lived in the Eomnamut Valley. One day, he and General <mask> had a contest; who could first raise a flag on that eastern crag? <mask> transformed into a male pheasant and flew to the crag, but General Eom turned into a falcon and killed and ate General <mask>o Memorial Hall
Jang BoGo Memorial Hall, which is a 2F reinforced concrete structure with a plottage of 14,472m², a building area of 1,739m², and an exhibition space of 730m², has on its ground floor Central Hall, Video Room, Special Exhibition Hall, storage, and lounge and on its second floor its permanent exhibition venues of Exhibition Hall 1, Sea Route, and Exhibition Hall 2. Central Hall on 1F displays ‘Trade Ships of Jang BoGo’, which was made to one fourth of the actual size by Director Ma Gwang-nam of Cheonghaejin Ship Institute and donated by Sea King Jang BoGo Memorial Society, and a large wooden mural(8m x 2.2m) entitled ‘Sea King Jang BoGo’, which was created with linden tree by Lu Guangzheng, the Chinese craft art maestro. The permanent exhibition hall on 2F is divided into the four themes of ‘Root’, ’Formation of Cheonghaejin’, ‘Maritime Empire’, and ‘Voyage’, which respectively display relevant exhibits.Visiting hours
 Winter Season 09:00 a.m ~ 06.00 p.m
 Summer Season 09:00 a.m ~ 07.00 p.m

Cultural references
 <mask> and his exploits were the subject of the 1965 South Korean film, <mask>go, directed by Ahn Hyeon-cheol and starring Shin Yeong-gyun and Lee Min-ja. Its English title is <mask>. The South Korean navy named the first of its Type 209 submarines 'Admiral <mask>' in <mask>'s honor. A highly fictionalized account of <mask>'s life was the subject of the 2004 Korean drama Emperor of the Sea, starring Choi Soo-jong as <mask>. In March 2009, the Cheonghae Anti-piracy Unit was formed by the Republic of Korea Navy to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia. The unit is named after Cheonghaejin, the maritime base created by <mask> to combat piracy on the waters of Silla and Tang. In Shenyang, a memorial dedicated to <mask> opened in 2007.In popular culture
 Portrayed by Choi Soo-jong and Baek Sung-hyun in the 2004-2005 KBS2 TV series Emperor of the Sea. See also
 Yeom Jang
 Jang Bogo Station
 Cheonghaejin

References

External links
<mask> Bogo - World History Encyclopedia
Chang Po Go festival on Wando Island
ROK Navy profile of <mask> Bogo
Jang BoGo Memorial Hall

Silla people
Silla Buddhists
Korean admirals
Korean generals
846 deaths
787 births
Deaths by stabbing

masks:
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang Bo
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang Bo
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang Bo
Jang Bogo
General Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang
Jang Bogo
JangG
Jang Bogo
Jang Bo
Admiral Jang
Chang Bogo
Jang
Jang
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang Bogo
Jang
Jang


title: Swami Anand Krishna

texts:
<mask> () is an Indonesian spiritual humanist of ethnic Indian origin and Sindhi descent, who lives in Ubud, Bali. A prolific author and promoter of inter-faith harmony, he was accused of blasphemy by militant Muslim groups after he criticized Islamic conservatives seeking to transform Indonesia into an Islamic state. In 2012, he was sentenced to two and a half years in jail for sexual harassment. He has founded numerous humanitarian initiatives and spiritual establishments, such as the Anand Ashram Foundation and Anand Krishna Centres since 15 December 2006, as well as a Center for Wellbeing and Self-Empowerment in 1991. He promotes a concept of love being the only solution to resolving global problems. Early life, education, and business career
<mask> was born Khrisna Kumar Tolaram Gangtani in Solo, Central Java, on 1 September 1956. He was educated in Lucknow, North India, where he met his first spiritual mentor, Sheikh Baba, who was an ice vendor.<mask> had already learned Sufi poetry and the teachings of Shah Abdul Latief of Sindh, from his father, Tolaram. <mask>'s biodata in several of his  books states that he earned his master's degree from "a reputable university". However, Indonesian media reports note that he received his master's degree from Pacific Southern University, a blacklisted and unaccredited university. In 1999, <mask> received a Cultural Doctorate in Sacred Philosophy from the now-defunct The World University in Benson, Arizona. In 2012, he received a Ph.D. in Comparative Religions from the University of Sedona. According to his biodata, <mask> was the director and shareholder of a garment factory in Indonesia when he suffered leukemia in 1991 at age 35. He reportedly recovered after meetings with a Tibetan lama in the Himalayas and thereafter decided to devote his life to healing, peace, love and joy.Spiritualism career
<mask> shared his personal experiences on the basis of "Be Joyful and Share your Joy to Others". He has promoted his teachings through print and electronic media, training seminars, as well as meetings and workshops held at the syncretistic neo-Hindu "Anand Ashram: Center for Holistic Health and Meditation", One Earth Retreat Center in Ciawi, Anand Krishna Center and Ashram@Ubud, and at four meditation centers in Jakarta, Bogor, Yogyakarta and Bali. His ashram foundation is (affiliated to the United Nations Department of Public Information). He has written columns for Indonesian media publications and also appeared on Indonesian television and radio shows in Bali. In Jakarta, he was the subject of a 13-episode television serial called Building Indonesia Anew with <mask>, broadcast on Q Channel (now BeritaSatu) and Swara networks. A follow-up series was made, called Building The World Anew with <mask>. Guests on the shows included fourth Indonesian president Abdurrahman Wahid; senior police detective Mangku Pastika; the Sultan of Yogyakarta; an Australian ambassador to Indonesia; as well as various politicians and celebrities.<mask> has authored 170 books over 18 years with more than half a million copies sold in Indonesia. He has also promoted meditation across the Indonesian archipelago. One of his three books in English, Voice of Indonesia was discussed on a University of California campus radio show. In 1997, he was made Reverend Minister by the Universal Life Church. In 2010, he was named Ambassador for Peace by the Universal Peace Federation. In 2011, he joined the International Metaphysical Ministry. Humanitarian initiatives
<mask> has promoted several movements and Centers for Self Development, among others:
	International Bali Meditators’ Festival (IBMF)
	Forum for Revival of Human Spirit – which has given free Self Development Programs to more than 25,000 teachers within last 5 years.Anand Krishna Centres in many major cities, and L’Ayurveda Healing Centers in Jakarta and Bali. AK Global Co-Operation, a national co-operative society with branches in several cities. The National Integration Movement, with almost 30 branches all over Indonesia and overseas representation, including one in the Middle East
	California Bali Friendship Association
	Brazil Indonesia Friendship Association
	Secret Garden of The Mother Divine, Dedicated to Healing Mother Earth and All Her Children, located in Kuta (Bali)
	AK Education Foundation, First Interfaith School in Bali, for which land has been acquired (about 2,500 sq meters in the prime area of Kuta)
	Bali Dvipa Charitable Clinic in Bali
	One Earth Integral Education Foundation
	Regular Free Medical and Trauma Relief Camps
	Global Harmony Monument in Ashram@Ubud – Bali
	The Charter for Global Harmony

Sexual harassment conviction and blasphemy accusations
<mask>'s promotion of inter-faith harmony and his stance as a Universalist resulted in criticism from Islamic radicals. In 2000, his books were deemed heretical and recalled from Indonesian bookstores. In 2010, some of his former students accused him of sexual harassment. The main accuser's lawyer, Agung Mattauch, stated: "Harassment is just an entry point for a more serious problem, religious blasphemy". He was tried at South Jakarta District Court, which acquitted him in November 2011.The Supreme Court overturned the verdict in August 2012 and gave him a two-and-a-half-year jail term for sexually harassing three of his students. He was arrested at his residence in Ubud in February 2013 and sent to Cipinang jail in East Jakarta to serve his sentence. The Supreme Court in January 2014 announced it had rejected his request for a judicial review. Professor Julia D. Howell of the Centre for the Study of Contemporary Muslim Societies at Western Sydney University noted that since the Indonesian Council of Ulama had pronounced a series of fatwa against pluralism and liberalism in religion in 2005, religious pluralists such as <mask> had been criticized in the Indonesian mass media. In January 2018, Jonaedi Efendi released a book, Reconstructing the Foundation of Justice's Considerations based on Principles of Laws and Social Justice Observed and Lived in Society (Rekonstruksi Dasar Pertimbangan Hakim Berdasarkan Nilai-Nilai Hukum dan Rasa Keadilan yang Hidup dalam Masyarakat), which viewed the Supreme Court's conviction of <mask> as "misguided justice". International speaking career

Conference on Sufi Movements in Contemporary Islam
After attending the 60th Annual DPI/NGO Conference on "Climate Change: How It Impacts Us All" in September 2007, <mask> was invited to present his paper on Sufi Solutions to World’s Problems at a conference held by the National University of Singapore and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, over 4-5 August 2008

Ubud Writers & Readers Festival 2008

Earth Dialogues on Water Planet 2008
<mask> spoke at Earth Dialogues on Water Planet (Dialogos da Terra no Planeta Aqua) hosted by the government of Minas Gerais and Green Cross International in Belo Horizonte, Brazil on 26–28 November 2008. Anand presented his paper on Water of Life, Wisdom of the Ancient – In Pursuit of the Indigenous Wisdom of Sundaland and South America to Save Our Planet.His paper was published as a book with the same title in 2009. Ambassador of Parliament of the World’s Religions
<mask> addressed the Parliament of the World’s Religions in Melbourne, Australia, at a forum held over 3-9 December 2009. His speech was titled "Addressing Religious Radicalism in Indonesia: Appreciating and Cultivating Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity) and Pancasila (Indonesia’s Preambule)". He was appointed Ambassador of the Parliament of the World’s Religions Council in September 2009. "The Wisdom of Sundaland : The Ancient Unrecorded Prehistory of Indonesia Archipelago" (Gramedia Pustaka Utama) 2012
<mask>, "The Kaligis Success Factor, Lesson from a rare Man of Law" (Gramedia Pustaka Utama) 2013
<mask>, "Dvipantara Dharma Sastra : Sara Samuccaya-Slokantara-Sevaka Dharma, Ancient Indonesian Wisdom for Modern Human" (Centre of Vedic and Dharmic Studies) May 2015
<mask>, "Live Yoga : The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali for Modern Times" (Gramedia Pustaka Utama) 2015

References

External links
 Official Website
<mask>’s Articles at The Bali Times Leading English Newspaper in Bali – Indonesia
 Complete articles of <mask> at The Jakarta Post Leading English Newspaper in Indonesia
 UN Press Release 19 December 2006
 ABC Radio National - Australia "On Religious Pluralism in Indonesia"
 The Heart Child of <mask>
 The Intriguing Case of <mask>
 Help Free <mask>: An Innocent Man, ThriveMovement, California, United States 02/14/2013
 When Prosecution becomes Persecution, The Jakarta Post, April 21, 2011

1956 births
Indonesian people of Indian descent
Living people
AnandKrishna
Indonesian people of Sindhi descent
Indonesian Hindus
Indonesian writers
Sindhi people

masks:
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand
Anand Krisha
Anand
Anand
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna
Anand Krishna


title: Bill Smith (jazz musician)

texts:
<mask> (September 22, 1926 – February 29, 2020) was an American clarinetist and composer. He worked extensively in modern classical music, Third Stream and jazz, and was perhaps best known for having played with pianist Dave Brubeck intermittently from the 1940s to the early 2000s. <mask> frequently recorded jazz under the name <mask>, but his classical compositions are credited under the name William O<mask>. Biography
<mask> was born in Sacramento and grew up in Oakland, California, where he began playing clarinet at the age of ten. He put together a jazz group to play for dances at 13, and at the age of 15 he joined the Oakland Symphony. He idolized Benny Goodman, but after high school, a brief cross-country tour with a dance band ended his romance for the life of a traveling jazz musician. He gave two weeks' notice when the band reached Washington, D.C. Encouraged by an older band member to get the best education he could, <mask> headed to New York.He began his formal music studies at the Juilliard School of Music, playing in New York jazz clubs like Kelly's Stables at night. Uninspired by the Juilliard faculty, he returned to California upon hearing and admiring the music of Darius Milhaud, who was then teaching at Mills College in Oakland. At Mills, <mask> met pianist Dave Brubeck, with whom he often played until Brubeck's 2012 death. <mask> was a member of the Dave Brubeck Octet, and later occasionally subbed for saxophonist Paul Desmond in the Dave Brubeck Quartet. Brubeck's 1960 albums The Riddle and Brubeck à la mode featured <mask> performing his own compositions with Brubeck's quartet. <mask> rejoined Brubeck's group in the 1990s. He studied composition with Roger Sessions at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was graduated with a bachelor's and a master's degree.Winning the Prix de Paris presented <mask> the opportunity for two years of study at the Paris Conservatory, and in 1957, he was awarded the prestigious Prix de Rome and spent six years in that city. He has since received numerous other awards, including two Guggenheim grants. After a teaching stint at the University of Southern California, <mask> began a thirty-year career at the University of Washington School of Music in Seattle, where he taught music composition and performance, co-leading the forward-thinking Contemporary Group, first with Robert Suderburg, and then with trombonist Stuart Dempster, from 1966 to 1997. <mask> had four children: Mark, Gregory, Rebecca, and Matthew. He died at age 93 in his home from complications of prostate cancer on February 29, 2020. In 1947, <mask> composed Schizophrenic Scherzo for the Brubeck Octet, one of the earliest works that successfully integrated jazz and classical techniques, a style that later was given the name "third stream" by Gunther Schuller. <mask> investigated and cataloged a wide range of extended techniques on the clarinet, including the use of two clarinets simultaneously by a single performer, inspired by images of the ancient aulos encountered during a trip to Greece, numerous multiphonics, playing the instrument with a cork in the bell, and the "clar-flute," a technique that involves removing the instrument's mouthpiece and playing it as an end-blown flute.As William O<mask>, he wrote several pioneering pieces that feature many of these techniques, including Duo for Flute and Clarinet (1961) and Variants for Solo Clarinet (1963). In an article titled "Contemporary Clarinet Sonorities" (Selmer Bandwagon no. 67, fall 1972, pp. 12–14), <mask> compiled the first comprehensive catalogue of fingerings for clarinet multiphonics. He was among the early composers interested in electronic music, and as a performer he continued to experiment with amplified clarinet and electronic delays. He remained active nationally, internationally, and on the local Seattle music scene until well into his 90s. In 2008, he composed, recorded, and premiered a "jazzopera" (his preferred term) titled Space in the Heart.4/Illegible Canons for Clarinet and Percussion/Fantastic Variations On a Theme from Tristan (Musical Heritage Society, 1977)
 Anthony Braxton, Composition No. 96 (Leo, 1989)
 Tom Collier, Impulsive Illuminations (Origin, 2016)
 Deep Listening Band, The Ready Made Boomerang (New Albion, 1991)
 Harold Farberman, Dedicated to Dolphy (Cambridge, 1966)
 Barney Kessel, Carmen (Contemporary, 1959)
 Gail Kubik, Divertimenti I & II/Sonatina for Piano & Sonatina for Clarinet & Piano (Contemporary, 1964)
 Shelly Manne, Concerto for Clarinet & Combo (Contemporary, 1957)
 Luigi Nono, Sofferte Onde Serene/A Floresta e Jovem e Cheja de Vida (Deutsche Grammophon, 1979)
 Luigi Nono, Voices of Protest (Mode, 2000)
 Red Norvo, Music to Listen to Red Norvo By (Contemporary, 1957)
 Pauline Oliveros, Deep Listening (New Albion, 1989)

Further reading
Mitchell, Ian. 2020. "Remembering Jazz Legend <mask>". Divine Arts Recording Group website (6 March 2020; accessed 8 March 2020). Rice, Albert R. 2017. "William O<mask>, Variants for Solo Clarinet".In his Notes for Clarinetists: A Guide to the Repertoire, 206–212. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Yoder, Rachel. 2010. "The Compositional Style of William O<mask>". D.M.A. research project.Denton: University of North Texas. References

Citations

Sources

External links
 Homepage and discography
 2005 interview on WNYC radio
 Interview with William O<mask>, July 31, 1987

1926 births
2020 deaths
Musicians from Sacramento, California
20th-century American composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century clarinetists
American classical composers
American expatriates in Italy
American jazz clarinetists
American male classical composers
American male jazz musicians
Dave Brubeck Quartet members
Post-bop clarinetists
Pupils of Darius Milhaud
Third stream clarinetists
Twelve-tone and serial composers
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)

masks:
William Overton Smith
Smith
Bill Smith
. Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
. Smith
Smith
Bill Smith
. Smith
. Smith
. Smith


title: Lu Dongsheng

texts:
<mask> (16 April 1908 – 16 November 1945) who was born in Xiangtan County, Hunan Province, China was the Chinese commander of the pistol company of the headquarters of the Fourth Red Army, the battalion commander of the pistol group, the battalion commander of the guarding battalion of the Second Red Army, the commander of Regiment Twenty-Seven of Division Seven of the Third Red Army, the political commissioner of the Independent Division of Hu'nan and Hubei Area, the commander of the Fourth Division of the Second Red Army, the commander of Force 358 of the Division 120 of the Eighth Route Army and the commander of Songjiang Military Command of Northeast People Autonomous Army. After the Northern Expedition, Anti-Encirclement Campaigns, the Great Expedition, and studying in the Soviet Union, <mask> was killed by two Soviet soldiers in Ha'erbing city in 1945. Biography

Early life and during the first Chinese Civil War
<mask> was born in a sharecropper family in Xiangtan County, Hu'nan Province. He used to be a cowboy in Chen Geng's family when he was young. In 1925, he joined the Forty-First Division of Xiang Army and in 1926, he attended the Northern Expedition, following the Eighth Army of the National Revolutionary Army and went to Wuhan City. In 1927, after Wang Jingwei launched the Seven-One-Five Event, affected by Chen Geng, <mask> left Wuhan City and went to Nanchang City in the late July and became a member of the Twentieth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, under the command of He Long. In August 1927, <mask> attended the Nanchang Uprising, in charge of political security with Chen Geng <mask> was then appointed as the deputy commander of the First Battalion of the Sixth Company of the Twentieth Army of uprising troops.In the Huichang Battle, Chen Geng's left foot got hurt badly, and it was <mask> who protected him in the hails of bullets. After the failure in Chaoshan, <mask> went to Shanghai via Hong Kong with Chen, got touch with the CPC Central Committee. In December 1927, introduced by Chen Geng, <mask> joined the Communist Party of China. In the beginning of 1928, CPC Central Committee sent <mask> to escort Zhou Yiqun, He Long, etc. to the Northwest part of Hu'nan Province. In March of the same year, <mask> attended the Sangzhi uprising, after which, he was soon appointed as a traffic officer who was in charge of getting touch with CPC Central Committee. In 1929, <mask> was appointed as the commander of the pistol company of the headquarters of the Fourth Red Army.In July 1930, the Sixth Red Army joined the Fourth Red Army in Gong'an, Hubei Province. At that time, the Sixth and Fourth Red Army were under attacked by the National Revolutionary Army and the headquarters was surrounded. It was <mask> who led the pistol company to keep fighting and repel the National Revolutionary Army. In March of the following year, <mask> was appointed as the battalion commander of the guarding battalion of the Second Red Army, the  regimental commander of Regiment Twenty-Seven of Division Seven of the Third Red Army. In September 1932, the ad hoc of Western Hu'an and Western Hubei Area of the CPC Central Committee joined independent groups like Jianli, Mianyang, Qianjiang, etc. together to form the independent regiment of Western Hu'nan and Western Hubei Area. They appointed <mask> as the political commissioner and asked him to attend the Fourth Anti-Encirclement Campaign in Western Hu'nan and Western Hubei Area.During the breakout battle, <mask> led two battalions to cover the rear but they lost the touch with main forces. <mask> kept launching guerrilla warfare in areas like Jingmen and Yuan’an in Hubei Province. In early 1933, <mask> led his regiment to join the main force of the Red Army, after which, he was appointed as the commander of the Training Regiment of the Third Red Army and then he was soon appointed as the commander of the Seventh Regiment. In October 1934, <mask> was appointed as the commander of the Fourth Regiment, helping to establish the Soviet areas in Eastern Guizhou and in areas around Hunan, Hubei, Xichuang and Guizhou provinces. In 1934, <mask> hurt his leg during the last battle in Houping Town, Dayong County, Hunan province. In November 1935, <mask> led his regiment to attend the Long March. In April 1936, <mask> conducted his regiment to force a crossing the Jinsha River – which was located in Shigu Town, Yulong County, Yunnan Province – ensuring the success in crossing the river for the Second and the Sixth Army Troops.In September, after the Second Force of the Red Army crossed the Wei River, <mask> led four divisions fighting for two days, covering main forces to pass the Liupan Mountain. On 22 September, after their arrival in Jiangtaibao in Jingning County, Gansu Province, they successfully joined the First and the Fourth Red Army. Study in the Soviet Union
In the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War, <mask> was appointed as the commander of the Bridge 358 of the Regiment 120 (failed to assume office), soon after which, he was assigned to study at the Military and Political University of Resistance Against Japan in Yan’an city. In winter of the same year, <mask> was arranged to recuperate in Soviet Union by CPC Central Committee due to his healthy condition. In March 939, <mask> was sent to study at the M. V. Frunze Military Academy. In September 1941, Nazi Germany marched its army towards Moscow, Lin Biao led those who were studying in Moscow, including <mask>, to return to China via Mongolia by train. In October, they arrived in Kulun, an Outer Mongolia city and stuck there for one month since the borderline roads between Mongolia and China had been destroyed.Among them, Lin Biao was the only one who could take a plane back to China since he was the only one who registered as a formal identity—the head commander of the Fifth Regiment—when leaving for the Soviet Union. The rest of them had to stay in Outer Mongolia and could not take a plane. Liu Yalou and <mask> were good in Russian, so they were assigned to be advisers of Soviet Army in Mongolia. In 1943, Liu Yalou, Yang Zhicheng and <mask> went to Khabarovsk, an Army Region of Far East of the Soviet Union, and worked in Bridge 88 of infantry. Return to China and death
<mask> followed the Red Force of the Soviet Union and returned to China. On 16 November, Chen Yun, the secretary of the branch office of CPC Central Committee in North Manchu, arrived in Ha’erbing city and held a meeting in Dazhi Street that night. In the meeting, <mask> was appointed as the commander of the Military Region of Songjiang.The meeting finished at 11pm, after which, <mask> helped Chen Yun to pick up Chen's luggage. On their way back, <mask> was shot dead by two Soviet soldiers who violated the military discipline and robbed on the road. Notes

References

1908 births
1945 deaths
Chinese Red Army generals
Frunze Military Academy alumni
People from Xiangtan
Chinese military personnel killed in World War II

masks:
Lu Dongsheng
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Lu Dongsheng
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title: Marcus Bignot

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<mask> (born 22 August 1974) is an English football manager and former professional player. He is currently joint manager of National League North side Guiseley and assistant coach of the England U19s. <mask>'s playing career spanned nearly 20 years, primarily as a right back, but he has also been used in a midfield role. He began his career at Telford United in 1992 where he spent 4 years in the Football Conference there. He then joined Kidderminster Harriers, he was part of the team that won the Conference League Cup, also in the 1996–97 season the "Harriers" came runners-up in the Football Conference. First Division side Crewe Alexandra paid 100K for him in the summer of 1997, he went on to be the player of the year in the 1997–98 season. Contractual disputes ended with a switch to Second Division side Bristol Rovers taking him on a free transfer for the 2000–2001 season.Management change made way for a move to First Division side Queens Park Rangers in March 2001 under his previous manager. A successful 2-year spell at Rushden & Diamonds where he helped them gain promotion to the Second Division in the 2002–03 season as Champions. A move back to QPR in March 2004 where he helped them gain promotion to the Championship. Further spells at Millwall, Oldham Athletic before ending his playing career in 2012 at Solihull Moors. A former England semi-pro  international, he was capped in May 1997 for the England C national football team against the Scottish Highland Football League at Cove Rangers FC, near Aberdeen, where the England C Team won 5-0, with Lee Hughes, a team mate of <mask>'s with Kidderminster at that time, and Barry Hayles of Stevenage, both to go on to play in the Premier League, in the England C team that Saturday afternoon in the North of Scotland. <mask> enjoyed a successful 7 year management career, when he took over at Birmingham City Ladies from 1998, winning the Midland Combination League, AXA Northern Premier League and Runners-up of the FA Women's Premier League Cup. <mask> having managed Solihull Moors for 5 years, he got them promoted as champions of the National League North and the Birmingham Senior Cup champions in 2016, for the first time in their entire history.Playing career
<mask> was born in Birmingham and served his apprenticeship with Birmingham City. Having been released in 1992 by the club, he joined Telford United in the Football Conference league. After three seasons, a switch to fellow Football Conference side Kidderminster Harriers for a small fee was made in 1996. While with Kidderminster, the team finished the 1996–97 season as Runners-up in second place narrowly missing out on promotion by five points. The team that year won the Conference League Cup, beating Macclesfield Town in the final. <mask> made 56 appearances for the club in total. He was capped once for the England C squad in May 1997 against the Scottish Highland Football League at Cove Rangers FC's former ground, Allan Park, near Aberdeen.Crewe Alexandra
His performances didn't go unnoticed, <mask> moved on to newly promoted First Division side Crewe Alexandra in August 1997 for £100,000 – a record fee for  Kidderminster Harriers at the time. At Gresty Road he was the supporters' player of the season 1997–98. After falling into dispute in June 2000 with the club over his contract, <mask> was free to leave under the Bosman ruling. Bristol Rovers
<mask> signed a two-year deal at Bristol Rovers in the Second Division on a free transfer in August 2000. At Bristol Rovers he played a key part in his team beating Premier League side Everton in the League Cup. It was <mask>'s equaliser in the second leg that took the match to penalties, which Rovers subsequently won. He had scored his first goal for the club in the previous round against Plymouth Argyle.<mask> also scored a memorable goal in the league against rivals Bristol City after just 28 seconds, but he could not prevent his team losing 3–2. Queens Park Rangers
A change of management prompted a move to First Division side Queens Park Rangers in March 2001 to rejoin his old manager, Ian Holloway. <mask> scored his first goal for QPR in the 2–1 away defeat to Burnley, Peter Crouch chipping the ball into the box sub Andy Thomson to head down into the path of <mask> who shot home from close range after skillfully controlling the ball. <mask> turned down a new contract at QPR at the end of the 2001–02 season, Holloway stating this was due to QPR working on a reduced wage structure and only offering him 50 per cent of what he earned that year. Rushden & Diamonds
<mask> signed for Rushden & Diamonds in the Third Division on a short-term deal at the start of 2002–03 season, however, having played on the opening day of the season at Swansea City, three days later he sustained a medial knee ligaments only 11 minutes into his home debut against Torquay United. He returned to training in the second week in September and extended his stay at Nene Park for another month. He extended his stay by agreeing a new month's contract in November having taken over the right-back slot for the past couple of games.He turned down a move to an unnamed Second Division side and signed an 18-month contract with Rushden & Diamonds. <mask> played a key role to keep Diamonds in the third division's automatic promotion places, completing the last 16 games since October and earned the official Diamonds player of the month award for his impressive form in December 2002. In April 2003, his side beat Carlisle 1–2 at Brunton Park, having set up one of the goals to seal promotion. A month later his team were crowned champions of the Third Division in the 2002–03 season. Return to Queens Park Rangers
Due to a consequence of the financial meltdown at Rushden & Diamonds, <mask> was sold back to QPR in March 2004. QPR finished the 2003–04 season in second place, <mask> being part of the team that clinched promotion to the Championship. He captained a cash-strapped QPR to Championship survival in his final season.<mask> was released in January 2008 after his contract had expired. Millwall
Having joined Millwall on loan in November 2007. <mask> extended his stay at Millwall for a further two months following an injury crisis at the club. On 15 January 2008, <mask> was released by QPR, however, he rejoined Millwall on a permanent basis just a few hours later an 18-month contract. He was drafted in by Millwall to help them avoid the drop into League Two. Having successfully helped the club avoid relegation, his playing time was limited at the start of the 2008–09 season due to a knee injury. He was part of the squad that eventually lost 3–2 in the 2009 Football League One play-off Final against Scunthorpe.On 1 February 2010, he had his contract cancelled by mutual consent, and rejoined Conference side Kidderminster Harriers on a non contract basis until the end of the season on 17 February 2010. He was released in May 2010, <mask> had a trial at Conference North club Gainsborough Trinity in July 2010. Later that month, he joined Southern League Premier side Brackley Town on 30 July 2010. His time at Brackley was limited to just five games, having mainly been on the subs bench. International career

Whilst at Kidderminster Harriers, <mask> played once for the England semi-pro (now England C) Team in May 1997, against the Scottish Highland Football League at Cove Rangers, the Highland Football League Team whose Allan Park ground is six miles south of Aberdeen, his side won 5–0 that Saturday afternoon, with strikers Barry Hayles, Lee Hughes, and goalkeeper Billy Stewart in the England team, all three players who subsequently went on to play at high levels in the English Football League. Managerial and coaching career

Birmingham City Ladies
<mask> at the age of 24 became manager of Birmingham City Ladies in 1998, and immediately revamped the entire youth structure at the club. He continued his own playing career in the Football League while managing the side in the newly created Midland Combination League and in their first season won the league, gaining automatic promotion into the FA Women's Premier League Northern Division in 2002.Also in 2001–02 <mask>s team upset Doncaster Belles 4–3 in the FA Women's Premier League Cup semi-final. Having reached the final at Adams Park, Wycombe, Birmingham were thrashed 7–1 by full-time professional Fulham Ladies. After two seasons, <mask> clinched promotion to the top flight of women's football, joining the FA Women's Premier League National Division. He left his post with Birmingham in the 2005 close season after the club ran into financial difficulties. For the 2011 FA WSL season <mask> returned to Birmingham Ladies as a Football Consultant. Solihull Moors
<mask> initially joined Conference North club Solihull Moors as assistant manager towards the end of the 2010–11 season, however, on 27 June 2011 for the 2011–12 season <mask> was appointed as manager following the resignation of Micky Moore. Bignots team won an impressive 60% of their games during the 2015–16 season.This clinched the National League North title and secured promotion in that season with three games still left to play, it was the very first time Solihull Moors had reached National League level in their history. In May 2016, <mask> reached the final and won the Birmingham Senior Cup with Solihull Moors also for the first time in their history, they beat Birmingham City 2–1 at St Andrew's stadium. <mask> made his National League managerial debut with the club on 6 August 2016, Solihull Moors beating last seasons National League South champions Sutton United 3–1 at their Gander Green Lane stadium in the opening game of the 2016–17 season. Solihull Moors season started reasonably well with his team winning three of their first five games. On 5 November 2015, in the FA Cup First Round, <mask>s side came up against League Two opposition in the form of Yeovil Town away, they beat the odds and drew 2–2 having been two goals down to earn a replay. During his time at Solihull Moors, the setup consisted of just a first team and an under-18 team; within 5 years, his additional role as director of football enhanced the structure of the club, creating 30-odd youth and junior teams, reserves, an academy and a disability section, as well as three girls teams and a ladies team, forming a community interest club within the surrounding areas of Solihull. Grimsby Town
Bignot's managerial and coaching progression and ability as director of football hadn't gone unnoticed, a statement was issued by Solihull Moors on 2 November 2016, the board of League Two club Grimsby Town had made an official legal approach to them and had granted permission for <mask> to speak to Grimsby about their vacant managerial position.On 7 November 2016, <mask> was officially announced as the new Grimsby Town manager, along with the appointment of Micky Moore as his assistant. <mask> made his full Grimsby Town managerial debut on 9 November 2016, in the EFL Trophy, losing 4–2 at home to Sheffield United. <mask> made his league managerial debut with Grimsby Town on 12 November 2016 at home against Barnet, drawing 2–2. <mask>'s first league win came the next week, when Grimsby played first-place Plymouth Argyle, winning 3–0; the performance lead to <mask> winning the English Football League team manager of the week. On 10 April 2017, <mask> was dismissed by Grimsby, along with Michael Moore and Gary Whild. Barrow (interim assistant manager)

On 5 September 2017, <mask> was appointed interim assistant manager of National League side Barrow to assist caretaker manager Micky Moore, following the resignation of manager Paul Cox. Chester
On 20 September 2017, <mask> was appointed as manager of National League club Chester.At the end of March 2018, the board confirmed that his contract would not be renewed for the following season. Once relegation was confirmed, they "[saw] little value in him remaining in the position", and he left the club on 11 April 2018. Guiseley
<mask> and former Alfreton Town manager Russ O'Neil were appointed joint managers of Guiseley in May 2018 following the team's relegation from the National League to the National League North. England U18s
On 2 September 2019, <mask> was named as a coach for the England U18s as part of the Football Association's 2019–20 Elite Coach Placement Programme. Aston Villa Women
On 25 January 2021 it was confirmed that <mask> would take over as an interim coach at Aston Villa Women. He departed the club on 10 May 2021 having steered Villa to safety. England U19s
On 26 August 2021, <mask> was confirmed as the assistant coach of England U19s alongside  Ian Foster.Personal life
<mask> has been a fan of Birmingham City football club since boyhood, having been brought up supporting them. <mask>'s younger brother <mask> is also a professional footballer. In June 2013 <mask> married Arsenal Ladies and Ireland goalkeeper Emma Byrne. Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Kidderminster Harriers
Football Conference runners-up: 1996–97
Conference League Cup champions: 1996–97

Rushden & Diamonds
Football League Third Division champions: 2002–03

Queens Park Rangers
Football League Second Division second-place promotion: 2003–04

Millwall
Football League One play-off runners-up: 2008–09

Manager
Birmingham City Ladies
Midland Combination League champions: 1998–99
AXA Northern Premier League champions: 2001–02
FA Women's Premier League Cup runners-up: 2001–02

Solihull Moors
National League North champions: 2015–16
Birmingham Senior Cup champions: 2015–16

Individual
Crewe Alexandra Player of the Year: 1997–98
Birmingham County FA Coach of the Year: 1998–99
Rushden & Diamonds Player of the Month: December 2012
National League North Manager of the Month: October 2014, August 2015
English Football League Team Manager of the Week: November 2016

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
English footballers
England semi-pro international footballers
Association football defenders
Telford United F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C.players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Rushden & Diamonds F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Brackley Town F.C. players
Solihull Moors F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
English football managers
Solihull Moors F.C.managers
Grimsby Town F.C. managers
Chester F.C. managers
Guiseley A.F.C. managers
National League (English football) managers
English Football League managers
FA Women's Super League managers

masks:
Marcus Bignot
Bignot
Bignot
Bignot
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Bignot
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Bignot
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Bignot
Bignot
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Marcus Bignot
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Paul Bignot
Bignot


title: Betty Heimann

texts:
<mask> (29 March 1888, Wandsbek, Germany - 19 May 1961, Sirmione, Italy) was the first woman Indologist to habilitate in Germany. After the Nazis banned Jews from holding academic positions in Germany in 1933, she taught at the University of London and became a British citizen. After the end of World War II she founded the Department of Indian Philosophy and Sanskrit at the University of Ceylon. She is included with early pioneers of comparative philosophy. Her major works include Studien zur eigenart Indischen denkens (1930), Indian and Western Philosophy: A Study in Contrasts (1937), and  Facets of Indian Thought (1964). Her writings have been described as being "characterised by deep thought and refreshing originality." Childhood
<mask> was born on 29 March 1888.She was the youngest of six children of Isaac Heimann and his wife Margarethe (Levy) Heimann. Her father was a Jewish banker with Hartwig Hertz & Sons in Wandsbek, Germany. Her father died when she was ten. Her mother was noted for her beauty and was a leader of turn-of-the-century Hamburg society. Education

State examinations
Heimann attended the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, Germany, completing a degree in 1913. She immediately began the study of classical philology, Indian philology and philosophy at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. In Kiel she studied with Paul Deussen (1845-1919) and with Emil Sieg (1866-1951).Heimann also spent two semesters in Heidelberg. The preface to her book Facets of Indian Thought mentions the close relationship between <mask>n and historian Ruth von Schulze Gaevernitz, "her friend and spiritual companion since student days in Heidelberg". In 1918 <mask>n sat for state examinations in classical philology and philosophy, and graduated summa cum laude. Dissertation
From 1919-1921 Heimann continued her studies, specializing in Indian philosophy and Sanskrit. Her teachers included Hermann Oldenberg at the  University of Göttingen, Hermann Jacobi at the University of Bonn, and Sten Konow at the University of Hamburg. On 4 January 1921 she successfully submitted her dissertation to Emil Sieg at the University of Kiel, receiving her doctorate. For her dissertation she translated into German and edited a bhashya or commentary by Madhva on the Katha Upanishad.She accepted a position as an assistant and librarian to the professor of classical Semitic studies in Kiel from 1921-1923. Felix Jacoby was a professor of classics at Kiel and Friedrich Otto Schrader became a professor of indology there in 1921. Habilitation
Heimann apparently returned to Heidelberg in 1922-1923, where she presented a possible habilitation topic to the Faculty of Arts. However, the majority of the faculty rejected her application for Venia legendi, the right to teach. Heimann moved to the Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (University of Halle) as of 1921 and habilitated there in Indology on 1 November 1923, with Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch (1857-1927). Her topic was Die Entwicklung des Gottesbegriffes der Upaniṣaden (The development of the concept of God in the Upanishads). <mask> was the first woman academic at Halle, and the first  woman indologist to habilitate in Germany.Teaching and research

University of Halle
As of 1923 <mask> was the first woman to be a private lecturer at Halle. Her appointment was reported in the local newspaper, Hallische Nachrichten on 19 January 1924. In the course of her studies, her interests had shifted from Indian philology to Indian philosophy, which she saw as influenced by the particular geographic and climatic conditions of India. She used the linguistic methodology she had learned from philology as a way of approaching philosophical questions. Both her methods and her ideas were innovative. As of 1 April 1926 she was appointed to a special lectureship for Indian philosophy at the University of Halle. <mask>n was the president of the Halle chapter of the International Federation of University Women (IFUW) and  formed connections between the Halle chapter and the British Federation of University Women (BFUW) in London.In 1930 she received a prize for the best scientific work by a woman from the  IFUW for her research work "Studium der Eigenart indischen Denkens" (Study of the Character of Indian Thinking). As of 11 August 1931 <mask>n was appointed as an associate professor (professor extraordinarius) at the University of Halle, filling a position previously held by Eugen Hultzsch. She was able to use the Senior International Fellowship which she had received from the IFUW to go to India, where she traveled from October 1931 to June 1932. Anti-Jewish measures
Even before 1933 Heimann was exposed to the hostility of her colleagues because she was Jewish and female. On 7 April 1933 the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service in Germany was passed, banning  Jews from holding public positions, including teaching positions. Heimann had spoken out against Nazi policy on racial issues, and was denounced at the Ministry of Culture in Berlin for commenting as a Jew on the worthlessness of racial purity. She was placed on a list of targets of the Amtsgruppe IIIA1 as an undesirable.In September 1933, Heimann traveled to London, where she was invited to give a report about her trip to India to the International Federation of University Women (IFUW). As of September 7, 1933, her professorship at the University of Halle was revoked under the terms of the ban on Jewish academics. She received the news while in England. Emigration to England

Heimann did not return to Germany, but emigrated to England. She was able to live at Crosby Hall in London, a residence for visiting university women, run by the British Federation of University Women (BFUW). In 1934 Heimann was one of the first recipients of an emergency German Scholar Residential Fellowship from a fund raised by the BFUW. She was able to obtain work teaching Indian philosophy on a freelance basis at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.Subsequent short-term awards from the BFUW enabled her to make ends meet while re-establishing herself. In the Lent term, 1936, she was invited to present the Forlong fund lectures at the School of oriental studies, University of London, with support from the Royal Asiatic Society. The lectures informed her book Indian and western philosophy; a study in contrasts (1937). The book reveals "her long and serious consideration of the differences between these two cultures". In it, she argues that Western and Indian philosophies are grounded in fundamentally different worldviews that must be understood in their own terms. Western thought tends to regard man as both central and superior to the natural world, while Indian thought tends to regard man on terms of equality with nature and with other creatures. Heimann brought to the study of Hinduism "not only specialized Indological expertise but also a comprehensive general knowledge and a great deal of empathy".This work has led her to be included with early pioneers of comparative philosophy, Rudolf Otto, Georg Misch, Paul Masson-Oursel and Walter Ruben. For some time she held a half-time position in the Department of Indian Philosophy at the University of London, which was created specifically for her. She continued to write and present at conferences. She gave a paper on "Deutung und Bedeutung indischer Terminologie" at the International Congress of Orientalists in Rome in 1935,
and an address on "Plurality, Polarity, and Unity in Hindu Thought: A Doxographical Study" at the International Congress of Orientalists in Brussels on September 8, 1938. She may also have lectured at the University of Oxford. In 1939, <mask>n acquired British citizenship. After World War II in 1946 she was appointed as a full-time senior lecturer,  Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Philosophy in the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London.Among her friends in England were Stella Kramrisch, Heinrich Zimmer, and Penelope Chetwode. Kramrisch described Heimann as "a refugee Professor of Sanskrit from Heidelberg". The preface to Facets of Indian Thought also mentions Ruth Gaevernitz, Terence Gervais, "her partner in philosophical discussion" and Dr. Hilde Wolpe, "her inspired helper and secretary." University of Ceylon
From 1945 to 1949 Heimann was a professor at the University of Ceylon in Colombo, Ceylon (later the University of Colombo, Sri Lanka). Heimann was the founding head of the Department of Sanskrit at the university. She was the first Professor of Sanskrit and the first woman Professor at the University of Ceylon. In 1945, she led a delegation from the University of Ceylon to the Indian Philosophical Congress.Heimann worked hard to popularise the department. Expansion of the department under her direction was attributed in large part to her "remarkable energy". She had to retire once she reached the mandated retirement age of 60 in 1948. Her successor as professor of Sanskrit was O. H. de A. Wijesekera, who had been one of her students at the University of London. Ceylon University College was formally opened in 1921 in  Colombo, Ceylon, and was affiliated with the University of London. The College formed the nucleus of the University of Ceylon, officially created in 1942. As of 1948, Ceylon achieved political independence and became Sri Lanka.<mask> therefore worked at the University of Ceylon, in Colombo, Ceylon, which became Colombo, Sri Lanka. Although the University of Ceylon was the only university in Ceylon from 1942 to 1972, it had departments in various satellite locations. Between 1952 and 1963, the faculty of Oriental Studies and Arts was located in Peradeniya. Beginning in 1963, courses were offered in both Peradeniya and Colombo. The University of Ceylon Act No. 1 of 1972 replaced the University of Ceylon with the University of Sri Lanka, which existed from 1973 to 1978. In 1978 the University of Sri Lanka was separated into four independent universities.One was in Peradeniya. Another was the University of Colombo, at the original location of Ceylon University College and the University of Ceylon. Although Heimann figures in the common history of both institutions, it can be argued that she did not, technically speaking, teach at either. Retirement
Having left the University of Ceylon, <mask>n returned to England. She continued to write and publish. In 1954, she spoke at the Twenty-third International Congress of Orientalists at Cambridge. Her presentation, "Hindu Thought in Illustrations.A Primer of Visual Philosophy", used lantern slides to visually demonstrate concepts and systems from Hindu philosophy. She suggested that the emphasis on empirically "seeing" truth in Indian philosophy made this form of presentation particularly effective. Her intention was to publish a Primer of Visual Philosophy, a project that was still in manuscript form at her death. Among Heimann's friends in Germany were Halle sculptor Grete Budde and her husband Werner Budde. Werner Budde acted legally on Haimann's behalf while she was absent from Germany. Grete Budde sculpted a portrait bust of <mask>n, which was eventually given to the University of Halle. According to one account, as of 1957, Heimann was appointed by the University of Halle as a full professor, effective retroactively from 1935 onwards, which would have qualified her for a full pension.It has been suggested that this story may be apocryphal. A street on the University of Halle campus is named after <mask>n. On 19 May 1961 <mask>n died of a heart attack in Sirmione, Italy near Lake Garda. Her obituary, in the magazine Purana, concludes "Hail! May you attain the eternal abode of the Supreme Brahman, beyond all darkness". The manuscript for her Facets of Indian Thought (1964) was edited and published posthumously by Ruth Gaevernitz, Terence Gervais, and Hilde Wolpe. Her work on visual philosophy remained unpublished.Selected works
 Madhvas (Anandatirthas) Kommentar zur Kathaka-Upanisad. Sanskrit-Text in Transkription nebst Übersetzung und Noten (Diss., Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1921)
 Die Tiefschlafspekulation der alten Upanisaden. München-Neubiberg : Schloss 1922. Die Entwicklung des Gottesbegriffes der Upaniṣaden (1926)
 Studien zur eigenart Indischen denkens. Tübingen : Mohr, 1930. Indian and western philosophy: a study in contrasts. London: G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 1937.India's past: a key to India's present. Rugby, Eng. : Printed for D. Thomas by A. Frost & sons, ltd., 1944. The significance of prefixes in Sanskrit philosophical terminology. London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1951. Facets of Indian Thought.Posthumously edited by Terence Gervais, Ruth von Schulze Gaevernitz, and Hilde Wolpe. New York: Schocken Books; London: George Allen & Unwin, 1964. An Indiens Tempelstätten : Fotoimpressionen der Indologin <mask>n; [Begleitpublikation zur gleichnamigen Ausstellung im Linden-Museum Stuttgart ...] (At India's temple sites: Photo impressions of the Indologist <mask>n; [Accompanying publication to the exhibition of the same name in the Linden-Museum Stuttgart ...)  Stuttgart: Linden-Museum, 2003

Relations
<mask>n (1888-1961) had a cousin of the same name. <mask> (1885-1926) received her doctorate in 1916 under sociologist and philosopher Georg Simmel in Strasbourg and taught at the University of Utrecht. References

1888 births
1961 deaths
German Indologists
German philologists
University of Kiel alumni
University of Halle alumni
University of Kiel faculty
University of Halle faculty
Academics of SOAS University of London
Academics of the University of Ceylon
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
20th-century philologists

masks:
Betty Heimann
Betty Heimann
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heimann
Betty Heimann
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heimann
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heiman
Betty Heimann