title: Isaac R. Trimble

texts:
<mask> (May 15, 1802 – January 2, 1888) was a United States Army officer, a civil engineer, a prominent railroad construction superintendent and executive, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. He was born in Virginia, lived in Maryland for much of his adult life, and returned to Virginia in 1861 after Maryland did not secede. <mask> is most famous for his role as a division commander in the assault known as Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg. He was wounded severely in the leg during that battle, and was left on the field. He spent most of the remainder of the war as a prisoner, and was finally paroled on April 16, 1865, one week after <mask>. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia following the Battle of Appomattox Court House. Youth, education, building railroads
<mask> was born in Frederick County, Virginia, to John and <mask>, and his family moved to Culpeper County, Virginia shortly thereafter. As a young boy, <mask>'s mother and father both died of fever within a short period of time, and he was sent to live with his half-brother in Kentucky.He was nominated by U.S. Representative Henry Clay to attend the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, from which he graduated in 1822, 17th in a class of 42. Although he excelled academically in engineering, he was commissioned as a brevet second lieutenant of artillery. He served for ten years as a lieutenant in the 3rd and 1st U.S. Artillery regiments, and left the U.S. Army in May 1832, along with five of his West Point classmates, to pursue the emerging business of railroad construction. <mask> was married twice: first, in 1831 to Maria Cattell Presstman of Charleston, South Carolina, who died in 1855; second, to her sister, Ann Ferguson Presstman. By his first marriage he had two sons, David Churchill <mask> and William Presstman <mask>, who survived him. Soon after leaving the Army, <mask> moved to Maryland at the urging of his wife, and he subsequently considered it his home state.He helped survey the route of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He was a construction engineer for the Boston and Providence Railroad. He was chief engineer for Pennsylvania Railroad predecessors Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad; Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (serving under famous American Civil War era president Samuel Morse Felton Sr.), where he was responsible for constructing the President Street Station, the line's southern terminal in east downtown waterfront  Baltimore in 1849–1850, now the oldest big city train depot left in America. Later  then <mask> went to the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. From 1859 to 1861, he was superintendent of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. Following the firing on the Federal installation of Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor in South Carolina in early April 1861, he led a contingent of Maryland state militia to burn the railroad bridges around  Baltimore to prevent the entry of any more Federal regular army or Northern state militia from passing through the divided riotous city following  the bloodshed conflict of the Pratt Street Riots on April 19, 1861, on the orders of the Mayor of Baltimore George William Brown and Governor of Maryland Hicks. Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, <mask> participated in efforts to restrict the movement of Union troops to Washington, D.C., by burning bridges north of Baltimore.When he realized that Maryland would not secede from the Union, he returned to Virginia and joined the Provisional Army of the state of Virginia as a colonel of engineers in May 1861. He was appointed a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army on August 9, 1861, and was assigned to construct artillery batteries along the Potomac River and later the defenses of Norfolk, Virginia. He was given command in the Army of the Potomac (the predecessor of the Army of Northern Virginia), of a brigade that consisted of regiments from four different states, effectively merging them into a single fighting unit. <mask> first saw combat as part of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's spring 1862 campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Cross Keys by fighting off an attack from Union troops under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont, and then seizing the initiative to counterattack and rout them. During the Seven Days Battles under Jackson outside of Richmond, Virginia, his brigade had few engagements, but they fought hard at Gaines' Mill and he sought to follow up the unsuccessful Confederate assault on Malvern Hill by making a night attack, but his request was refused.In the Northern Virginia Campaign, <mask>'s brigade performed well at the Battle of Cedar Mountain and defeated a Union brigade at Freeman's Ford in mid-August. The brigade marched with Jackson around Maj. Gen. John Pope's main force and <mask> played a major role in the Battle of Manassas Station Operations, seizing a critical supply depot in Pope's rear. <mask>'s forced march and action at Manassas Station received praise from Jackson, who said it was "the most brilliant that has come under my observation during the present war." Pope was forced by this maneuver into attacking Jackson's strong defensive positions and suffered a severe defeat in the Second Battle of Bull Run. <mask> was wounded in the leg during the battle on August 29, resulting in an injury so severe that there was speculation that he was hit with an explosive bullet. Although <mask> avoided the amputation of his wounded leg, his rehabilitation proceeded slowly. For months after, doctors periodically found bone fragments that had to be extracted.By November, he developed camp erysipelas and a probable case of osteomyelitis, and his ambitions for elevation to division command were on hold until he was well enough to return to active duty. He made his desire for promotion abundantly clear to his colleagues, and in one instance before the army moved north to Manassas, he was quoted as saying (probably humorously), "General Jackson, before this war is over, I intend to be a Major General or a corpse!" Jackson wrote a strong letter of recommendation, although he tempered it by including the sentence "I do not regard him as a good disciplinarian." <mask> engaged in a letterwriting campaign from his sick bed to obtain his promotion and to challenge Jackson's claim. He wrote to Adjutant General Samuel Cooper, "If I am to have promotion I want it at once and I particularly request, that my date may be from 26 August, the date of the capture of Manassas." (During this period <mask> also feuded with Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart about their conflicting reports of the battle and who bore primary responsibility for the seizure of the Union supply depot.)<mask> was eventually promoted to major general on January 17, 1863, and assigned to the command of Jackson's old division, but he continued to be unable to command in the field due to his health. At the Battle of Chancellorsville Brig. Gen. <mask>. Colston, as the senior brigadier general, commanded <mask>'s division. A recurrence of illness forced him to turn over his division command in the Second Corps to Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson and he was assigned to light duty as commander of the Valley District in the Shenandoah Valley on May 28, 1863. By June 1863, Gen. <mask>. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia had crossed the Potomac River in the Gettysburg Campaign. <mask> was desperate to get back into action, particularly because he was familiar with the area from his railroad days. He joined Lee's headquarters unsolicited, and wore out his welcome hanging around without formal assignment.Riding north, he caught up with Lt. Gen. <mask>. Ewell on the way to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and joined his staff as a supernumerary, or senior officer without a command. He and Ewell quarreled frequently due to this clumsy arrangement and <mask>'s lack of tact. At the Battle of Gettysburg, Ewell's Second Corps reached the battlefield in the early afternoon of the first day, July 1, 1863, smashing into the Union XI Corps and driving it south through the town to Cemetery Hill. <mask> wrote the following about his encounter with Ewell:

Observers have reported that the "impatient reply" was, "When I need advice from a junior officer I generally ask for it." They also stated that <mask> threw down his sword in disgust and stormed off. A more colorful version of this account has been immortalized in Michael Shaara's novel, The Killer Angels. On July 3, 1863, <mask> was one of the three division commanders in Pickett's Charge.He stepped in to replace Maj. Gen. W. Dorsey Pender, of Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's corps, who had been mortally wounded the previous day. <mask> was at a great disadvantage because he had never worked with these troops before. His division participated in the left section of the assault, advancing just behind the division led by Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew (formerly by Maj. Gen. Henry Heth). <mask> rode his horse, Jinny, and was wounded in the left leg, the same leg hit at Second Bull Run. Despite feeling faint, the 61-year-old general was able to walk back to the Confederate line on Seminary ridge.His leg was amputated by Dr. Hunter McGuire, and <mask> could not be taken along with the retreating Confederates, because of fear of infection that would result from a long ambulance ride back to Virginia, so he was left under the care of a family in Gettysburg on July 6 as the army withdrew. <mask> complained bitterly that if his leg had been amputated at Second Bull Run, the bullet would have missed him on this occasion. He was treated in the Seminary Hospital at Gettysburg until August. Of the charge on the third day of Gettysburg, <mask> said: "If the men I had the honor to command that day could not take that position, all hell couldn't take it." Gettysburg marked the end of <mask>'s active military career. He spent the next year and a half in Federal hands at Johnson's Island and Fort Warren. He was recommended for parole soon after capture, but former U.S. Secretary of War Simon Cameron recommended against it, citing <mask>'s expert knowledge of northern railroads.In March 1865, Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ordered <mask> to be sent to City Point, Virginia, for exchange, but by the time he reached there, <mask>. Lee's army was already retreating in the Appomattox Campaign. <mask> was finally paroled in Lynchburg, Virginia, on April 16, 1865, just after Lee's surrender. Postbellum life and heritage
After the war, <mask>, equipped with an artificial leg, returned to Baltimore, Maryland, to resume his engineering work. He died in Baltimore and is buried there in Green Mount Cemetery, arguably the most famous Maryland resident who fought for the Confederacy. In 1849, <mask> built Baltimore's historic 1849 President Street Station. The oldest big city train station in America, it was restored in 1997 to serve as the Baltimore Civil War Museum. In popular media
<mask> was played by actor W. Morgan Sheppard in the movies Gettysburg and Gods and Generals.See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Fiebeger, Gustave Joseph. "<mask> Trimble." In Dictionary of American Biography, American Council of Learned Societies, edited by Dumas Malone. Vol. 18. New York: Scribner's, 1936. .
 Freeman, Douglas S. Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command.3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1946. .
 Gottfried, Bradley M. Brigades of Gettysburg. New York: Da Capo Press, 2002. .
 Krick, <mask>. "<mask> Trimble." In The Confederate General, vol. 6, edited by William C. Davis and Julie Hoffman. Harrisburg, PA: National Historical Society, 1991. .
 Long, <mask>. "Gen. <mask><mask> in Captivity."The Gettysburg Magazine, Issue One, July 1989. Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. .
 <mask>, <mask>. "The Battle and Campaign of Gettysburg." Southern Historical Society Papers 26 (1898).Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

Further reading
 <mask>, David C. Furious, Insatiable Fighter: A Biography of Maj. Gen. <mask> <mask>, C.S.A. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2005. .
 Tucker, Leslie R. Major General <mask> <mask>: Biography of a Baltimore Confederate. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2005. .

1802 births
1888 deaths
People from Culpeper County, Virginia
19th-century American railroad executives
American amputees
Confederate States Army major generals
United States Army officers
United States Military Academy alumni
People of Maryland in the American Civil War
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
American Civil War prisoners of war
Burials at Green Mount Cemetery
Military personnel from Baltimore

masks:
Isaac Ridgeway Trimble
Trimble
Robert E
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Rachel Ridgeway Trimble
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Raleigh E
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Robert E
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Richard S
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Robert E
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Isaac Trimble
Isaac Ridgeway
Robert K
Isaac Ridgeway
Roger
Isaac R
. Trimble
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Isaac R
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Isaac Ridgeway
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Isaac Ridgeway
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title: Simon Boulton

type: original

texts:
<mask> is a British scientist who has made important contributions to the understanding of DNA repair and the treatment of cancer resulting from DNA damage. He currently occupies the position of Senior Scientist and group leader of the DSB Repair Metabolism Laboratory at the Francis Crick Institute, London. He is also an honorary Professor at University College London. Early life and education
<mask> studied Molecular Biology at the University of Edinburgh, then studied for a Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge under Professor Steve Jackson of the Gurdon Institute from 1994 to 1998. It was at Cambridge that <mask> began researching mechanisms of DNA. He has described his first exposure to the research environment at Cambridge as "extremely influential." Research
The website of Cancer Research UK explains <mask>'s work in this way: human DNA "is constantly under assault from chemical reactions taking place in our bodies and from things we're exposed to in our everyday lives....Most of the time, DNA damage is repaired successfully by the cell.But if the cell continues to grow whilst its DNA is already damaged, it can lead to cancer." <mask> is learning about DNA damage repair "by first studying it inside a microscopic worm called C. elegans and then extending these findings to human cells," an approach that has revealed "remarkable similarities between the genes and proteins used to repair DNA damage in the worm and in humans....By studying this fundamental process of DNA damage repair, the researchers have contributed to our understanding of how faults in the system can lead to cancer." <mask> himself has explained his work at the DNA Damage Response Laboratory as follows: "DNA is a highly reactive molecule that is susceptible to damage. Fortunately, cells have evolved specialised repair processes that are remarkably efficient in correcting specific types of DNA damage. Failure to correctly repair DNA damage will lead to mutagenic change, which can contribute to ageing and cancer. Indeed, defects in genes that repair DNA damage are the underlying cause of a number of hereditary ageing/cancer predisposition syndromes such as Fanconi anemia and Blooms. The focus of my lab is to identify new DNA repair genes, understand how they work in DNA repair in mitotic and meiotic cells and determine how defects in these processes contribute to human disease such as cancer.We hope that our work will provide an improved understanding of how DNA repair works and how, when DNA repair is compromised, it contributes to cancer/ageing and or infertility disorders in humans." <mask>'s research has resulted in several major breakthroughs in understanding that are viewed as highly promising with regard to the potential development of new cancer treatments. DNA Damage Response Laboratory

DNA is highly reactive and susceptible to damage from things we are exposed to in everyday life. Fortunately, DNA has evolved processes in which it has the ability to repair itself. If the damages are not repaired and it continues to grow, mutagenic changes occur causing ageing and cancer. <mask> is responsible for identifying these new DNA repair genes, understanding how these genes work in DNA, and determining how the defects in these processes contribute to human diseases. To fulfil these tasks, Boulton studies the DNA damage repair inside a specific worm called C. elegans, then extends these findings to human cells.Through this process, he has found "remarkable similarities between the genes and proteins used to repair DNA damage in the worm and in humans....By studying this fundamental process of DNA damage repair, the researchers have contributed to our understanding of how faults in the system can lead to cancer." <mask>'s research has resulted in several major breakthroughs that are viewed as highly promising with regard to the potential development of new cancer treatments. <mask>'s papers about his work have appeared in a number of major scientific journals, such as Nature, Science, Cell, and Molecular Cell. Career
After receiving his Ph.D. from Cambridge, <mask> completed postdoctoral fellowships funded by the European Molecular Biology Organization and the Human Frontier Science Program at Harvard Medical School. He first worked under Professor Nicholas Dyson of the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, then under Professor Marc Vidal of the Dana Faber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School. In 2002, <mask> joined Cancer Research UK, working at its London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, in South Mimms, and in Hertfordshire. He established his own research group there, and was eventually promoted to Senior Scientist in 2007.He is a member of the Editorial Board for Genes & Development. <mask>’s PhD supervisor, Stephen P. Jackson, has said that it is <mask>'s distinctive combination of approaches that has allowed <mask> to make seminal contributions to DNA repair, genome instability, and cancer. Among <mask>'s achievements is the discovery that the gene RTEL1 serves as an anti-recombinase that affects genome stability and cancer and counteracts toxic recombination. In addition, he and his team discovered the PBZ motif and determined that ALC1 (Amplified in Liver Cancer 1) is a poly(ADP-ribose)-activated chromatin-remodelling enzyme required for DNA repair, and that poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation (PAR) is a post-translational modification of proteins that play an important role in mediating protein interactions and the recruitment of specific protein targets. Also, he has discovered that the Fanconi Anemia proteins FANCM and FAAP24 are required for checkpoint-kinase signalling (ATR) in response to DNA damage and established that DNA repair defects of Fanconi Anemia cells can be suppressed by blocking non-homologous end joining. He has also demonstrated that a newly identified helicase, RTEL1, plays a crucial role in repairing double-stranded DNA breaks by means of homologous recombination (HR) – a discovery that has great therapeutic significance and that has already led to the development of treatments, with a drug currently undergoing clinical tests. The discoveries made in <mask>'s laboratory have led to new therapeutic approaches.The findings about ALC1 may prove to have significant implications for the treatment of liver cancer. The discoveries about Fanconi Anemia proteins, moreover, suggest that NHEJ inhibitors might help suppress Fanconi Anemia patients' predisposition to cancer. Honours and awards

<mask> won the Colworth Medal from the Biochemical Society in 2006, and was selected to give the EACR Young Cancer Researcher of the Year award lecture in 2008. He was presented with the Eppendorf/Nature Young Investigator Award in 2008 for his research into DNA damage, specifically his work with RTEL1. He became a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2009, and was awarded a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award in 2010. He won the EMBO Gold Medal in 2011 for his research on DNA repair mechanisms. The election committee said that it was "particularly impressed by his pioneering role in establishing the nematode worm, C. elegans, as a model system to study genome instability."In 2011, <mask> was chosen to give the Royal Society Francis Crick Prize Lecture, an honour awarded annually by the Royal Society. He was selected for this honour in recognition of his achievements in the field of DNA repair. <mask> was elected as a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2012. In 2013, <mask> was the recipient of the Paul Marks Prize for Cancer Research, which recognises a new generation of leaders in cancer research who are making significant contributions to the understanding of cancer. References

1972 births
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of University College London
People from Leeds
20th-century British biologists
21st-century British biologists
British geneticists
British medical researchers
Cancer researchers
Living people
Academics of the Francis Crick Institute
Scientists from Yorkshire

masks:
Simon Joseph Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
Boulton
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title: Joey Galloway

texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1971) is an American former professional football player who is an analyst with ESPN. He was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL). <mask> was drafted by the Seattle Seahawks with the eighth overall pick of the 1995 NFL Draft, and also played for the Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, New England Patriots, Pittsburgh Steelers and Washington Redskins. He played college football for the Ohio State Buckeyes. He is the NFL's career leader in receiving yards and receiving touchdowns among players never selected to the Pro Bowl. Early years
<mask> played high school football at Bellaire High School in Bellaire, Ohio  During his senior year, he caught 52 passes for 1208 yards and eight touchdowns. He also was an All-Ohio choice in basketball and won the state championship in both the 100 and 200 meter dash in track.College career
<mask> played college football at Ohio State. While there he earned many honors and finished in the top five all time in many of Ohio State's receiving records. During his junior year, he caught 47 passes for 946 yards and tied Cris Carter with a school record 11 touchdowns. His great play earned him First-Team All-Big Ten Conference honors as a junior. During his senior year, he made 44 receptions for 769 yards and seven touchdowns, and earned Second-Team All-Big Ten Conference. He finished his college career fourth in both career receptions with 108 and receiving yards with 1,494, and second in touchdown receptions behind Cris Carter with 19. Professional career

Seattle Seahawks
<mask> was selected by the Seattle Seahawks eighth overall in the 1995 NFL Draft.He made an immediate impact for the Seahawks, setting franchise season records for a rookie with 67 receptions, 1,067 receiving yards and three 100-yard games. He also had success as a punt returner, returning 36 punts for 360 yards and a touchdown. During his second year he started all 16 games for the Seahawks, leading the team in receptions with 57, receiving yards with 987 and touchdowns with seven. During his third year in 1997 he made 72 receptions for 1,049 yards and 12 touchdowns. In 1998, he reached double digit receiving touchdowns for the second consecutive year with ten. He finished the season with 65 receptions for 1,047 yards. During the 1999 season he played in only eight games due to a contract dispute and a holdout that reached 101 days.When he came back he made 22 receptions for 335 yards and only one touchdown. Overall, he finished his career with the Seahawks with 283 receptions for 4,457 yards and 37 touchdowns in 71 games. On February 12, 2000, The Seahawks traded <mask> to the Dallas Cowboys in exchange for their first round selections in the 2000 and 2001 NFL Drafts (which would produce Shaun Alexander and Koren Robinson). Dallas Cowboys
With quarterback Troy Aikman playing his last years and Michael Irvin looking to retire after suffering a career-ending injury in the 1999 season, the Dallas Cowboys were seeking an elite wide receiver to pair with Raghib Ismail and thus turned to the Seattle Seahawks for the rights to <mask>, signing him to a deal that made him the second highest paid wide receiver in the league at the time. During his first season with the Cowboys, <mask> played in only one game after tearing the ACL in his left knee in the fourth quarter of the season opener against the Philadelphia Eagles. He finished the game with four receptions for 62 yards and a touchdown. The next year, he rebounded from the injury, starting all 16 games and finishing second on the team in receptions with 52 and receiving yards with 699 and first in receiving touchdowns with three.In 2002, <mask> started all 16 games, making 61 receptions for 908 yards and six touchdowns. In 2003, he started 13 of 14 games, making 34 catches for 672 yards and two touchdowns and led the NFL with a 19.8 yards-per-catch average. He finished his career with the Cowboys with 151 receptions for 2,341 yards and 12 touchdowns. Besides the loss of the two first round draft selections, his contract contributed to the salary cap problems that affected Dave Campo's years as head coach. On March 19, 2004, the Cowboys traded <mask> to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers for Keyshawn Johnson. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
<mask> suffered a groin injury in the season opener against the Washington Redskins and was inactive for the next six games of the 2004 season, playing in ten games, he made 33 receptions for 416 yards and five touchdowns. After the season, he re-signed with the Bucs.In 2005, he enjoyed his best season as a professional, catching a career-high 83 passes (fifth in team history) for 1,287 yards (second in team history) and ten touchdowns. The next year, he started 14 of 16 games, making 62 receptions for 1,057 and seven touchdowns. It was also just the second time in Bucs history that a player had gone over the 1,000 yard receiving mark in back-to-back seasons (Keyshawn Johnson was the first). In 2007, he played in 15 games, making 57 receptions for 1,014 yards and six touchdowns, becoming the first player in franchise history to register three consecutive 1,000-yard receiving seasons. After starting the first two games, he suffered a foot injury that forced him to miss most of 2008 season (played in 9 games), finishing with only 13 receptions for 138 yards. He was released on February 25, 2009. He finished his career with the Buccaneers with 248 receptions for 3,912 yards and 28 touchdowns.New England Patriots
<mask> signed a one-year deal with the New England Patriots on March 14, 2009, as a free agent. Although healthy, he was inactive for Weeks 4-6 of the 2009 season due to a lack of production and difficulty in learning the Patriots offense. He was released on October 20. Pittsburgh Steelers
On December 22, 2009, <mask> was signed as a free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers after wide receiver Limas Sweed was placed on the Reserve/Non-Football Illness list. He was not re-signed by the Steelers at the end of the season. Washington Redskins
<mask> signed with the Washington Redskins on April 28, 2010. He was waived by the team on November 27 and wide receiver Terrence Austin was promoted from the practice squad to replace him.He had 12 catches for 173 yards in 10 games. NFL career statistics

Post-football career

In 2012, <mask> joined ESPN as a college football analyst. <mask> co-owned the Arena Football League team Columbus Destroyers from 2003 to 2008. References

External links

1971 births
Living people
People from Bellaire, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
American football wide receivers
American football return specialists
African-American sports announcers
African-American sports journalists
ESPN people
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Seattle Seahawks players
Dallas Cowboys players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
New England Patriots players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Washington Redskins players
Arena Football League executives
American television sports announcers
College football announcers
XFL (2020) broadcasters
10,000 receiving yards club

masks:
Joseph Scott Galloway
Galloway
Galloway
Galloway
Galloway
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title: Harris Goldberg

texts:
<mask>  was a Canadian-born American director, writer and producer. He co-wrote the 1999 film Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo with Rob Schneider and the 2002 film The Master of Disguise with Dana Carvey. In 2007, <mask> wrote and directed the film Numb, inspired by his own experiences battling an anxiety disorder. Early life
<mask> was born in Hamilton, Ontario. He studied at McMaster University and received a B.A. degree in English. While attending McMaster, <mask> started to write, create films, and host and perform radio shows, stand-up comedy at clubs around Toronto, and play in his rock band called Oliver Twist.A Clash-like foursome known for their on-stage personal tension, during one memorable New Year's Eve gig, at the reputedly mob-owned Jockey Club, <mask> smashed his entire drum kit and broke his arm. <mask>'s first passion was tennis. He reached a Canadian National Junior Tennis ranking of number two. After taking a year off to pursue the Satellite tennis circuit, he came to the conclusion that tennis would not be his life's work. <mask> was frequently quoted as saying that, "he had strokes, but not the head." Film career
<mask> returned to writing. His older brother, <mask>, had attained success writing and producing films, including Stripes and Meatballs, both starring Bill Murray.<mask> moved to Los Angeles, where he sold his first screenplay within a week. He signed with the William Morris Agency, and soon secured his first job writing for Matty Simmons, owner of National Lampoon and producer of Animal House. A multi-picture deal at Disney followed, including: I'll Be Home for Christmas starring Jonathan Taylor Thomas and Jessica Biel; a sequel to The Mighty Ducks; and the award-winning Hallmark film, A Step Toward Tomorrow, a story about two young brothers, one bound to a wheelchair after an accident. Premiering to rave reviews during CBS Sweeps Week in the winter of 1996, the film was also noted for a touching and memorable performance by Christopher Reeve, in his first acting role after his tragic horseback riding accident. In 2003, <mask> directed the short film, Where's Angelo?, a Get Shorty-style production, which starred Robert Forster, Michael Madsen, Beverly D'Angelo, and Wolfgang Bodison and was honored at the Hollywood Film Festival. Deuce Bigalow
<mask> became friends with SNL alum Rob Schneider, and together they gave a series of stand-up comedy performances, including co-hosting the Montreal Comedy Festival and a memorable appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, where the duo performed as the satirical Blue Man Ass Group. <mask> subsequently accompanied Schneider to Chicago, where Schneider was to be master of ceremonies at a fundraiser for President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore.An hour before the event, <mask> was asked to fill in by Clinton himself, after the Secret Service expressed concerns that Schneider's public image - he was then starring in Men Behaving Badly - might reflect unfavorably on the President. <mask> later described the experience as the most surreal of his life. <mask> went on to write and co-produce Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo under Adam Sandler's Happy Madison shingle. Touchstone acquired the project after a bidding war with New Line. Modestly budgeted at $16.5 million, the film was a box office success, grossing $68 million domestically and over $100 million internationally. <mask> next partnered with Dana Carvey, writing and co-producing The Master of Disguise for Sony Pictures, which grossed a profitable $40 million domestically. Without a Paddle followed, starring Seth Green, Matthew Lillard, Dax Sheppard and Burt Reynolds which grossed $58 million for Paramount Pictures.Anxiety and Numb
<mask> crossed over to television writing during this period, selling pilots to HBO, CBS, NBC, ABC, TNT and USA. It was during this time that <mask> began suffering from depersonalization disorder, an anxiety and stress reaction he calls the most hideous and frightening time of his life. He would go on to say that he did not know if he would make it from one day to the next. After recovering, <mask> wrote the screenplay Numb about the experience. Actor Matthew Perry attached himself to the project, and soon afterward <mask> landed his feature film directorial debut with a cast that included Mary Steenburgen, Kevin Pollak, and Lynn Collins. The film won many festival awards, including Best Feature at Chicago's GenArt Film Festival and the Ojai International Film Festival. <mask> has stated that the film was not only cathartic personally, but that it also proved helpful to many sufferers and drew attention to the disorder from the medical community.In May 2013, <mask> started his second directorial effort on Alex & the List. Shooting was completed in Los Angeles, and Patrick Fugit stars with Jennifer Morrison, Karen Gillan, Aaron Staton, Eddie Kaye Thomas, Giles Martini, JoBeth Williams and Victoria Tennant. The film was released on May 4, 2018, by Gravitas Ventures. Teaching
Between projects, <mask> began teaching film at UCLA with an emphasis on the practicalities of surviving the business. He subsequently became a Professor of Film & Television at McMaster University in Ontario Canada. He also regularly contributes OP-EDS on personal experiences in the entertainment industry for The Hamilton Spectator, his hometown newspaper. Upcoming

He will be writing and directing Quick Draw, announced in 2017, starring Academy Award winner Common.Lorenzo Di Bonaventura will produce. In February 2020 <mask>'s next feature, "ABILENE," was set to begin production in Toronto. <mask> is currently writing/directing the television pilots "ALGONQUIN" for CBC Canada and "EARTHBOUND" for French based PIXCOM MEDIA. References

External links

Hollywoodawards.com
Evolvingpicturesentertainment.com
Deadline.com
 https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9547838-from-hollywood-back-to-hamilton/
 https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9617874-opinion-depression-and-anxiety-are-the-ultimate-humblers/
 https://www.thespec.com/opinion-story/9704650-living-with-donald-trump-a-hamilton-perspective-in-hollywood/

1972 births
American film directors
American film producers
American male screenwriters
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian film producers
Canadian male screenwriters
Film directors from Ontario
Living people
Writers from Hamilton, Ontario
21st-century Canadian screenwriters

masks:
Harris Goldberg
Goldberg
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Goldberg
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Goldberg
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Daniel Goldberg
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Goldberg


title: Santosh Sivan

texts:
<mask> (born 8 February 1964) is an Indian cinematographer, film director, producer and actor known for his works in Malayalam cinema, Tamil cinema and Hindi cinema. <mask> graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) and has to date completed 55 feature films and 50 documentaries. He is a founding member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers (ISC) and is the most awarded Director of Photography (DOP) in India. <mask> became the first Cinematographer in the Asia-Pacific region to join the American Society of Cinematographers (ASC) membership. As a cinematographer, he has won five National Film Awards – including four for Best Feature Film Cinematography. As of 2014, he has received eleven National Film Awards, and twenty one international awards for his works. He was awarded the Padma Shri for his contributions to Indian cinema in 2014.Early life and education

<mask> was born into a family of artists. His grandmother used to teach painting and music in the palace and as a child he accompanied her to the palace. These visits gave him an opportunity to become familiar with the paintings of Raja Ravi Varma, a nineteenth-century Indian painter whose renowned works were themes from Hindu history, and everyday life of his times. <mask> was educated at Loyola School, Thiruvananthapuram and at Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram. His father <mask> used to make documentaries and during holidays <mask> helped with this. He is the younger brother of filmmaker Sangeeth <mask> and elder brother of Sanjeev <mask>. Career

<mask>, a founder member of the Indian Society of Cinematographers and the most awarded Director of Photography in India, graduated from the Film and Television Institute of India and went on to completing 45 features and 41 documentaries.He was awarded the National Award for best Cinematographer for the films Perumthachan (Malayalam/1991), Kalapani (Malayalam / 1996), Mohiniyattam (Malayalam / 1991), Iruvar (Tamil/1998) and Dil Se.. (Hindi/1999). <mask> was honoured by the Japanese Society of Cinematographers and has been on the Jury for the Busan Film Festival. He is a "mentor" to students for Mira Nair's "Maisha Film Lab: in Uganda and is a director to the Sivan Foundation of photography. He was also a governing council member at the Pune Film Institute. As a director, <mask> won his first National Award in 1988 for the film Story of Tiblu (1988). His film Halo was honoured at the 43rd National Film Awards as the Best Children's Film and Best Sound. Late 1999s and present

<mask> received worldwide accolades for The Terrorist (presented by John Malkovich), which won the Best Director, Best Actress Awards and the Golden Pyramid Award for The Best Film at the 23rd Cairo International Film Festival.It was awarded the National Award (1999) for The Best Tamil Film and was an Official Selection at the Sundance, Seattle and Toronto Film Festivals of that year. The film was also listed in Roger Ebert's 100 Best Films (1999). the film was Quoted as being "a film scripted by the camera"

Following the success of The Terrorist, <mask>'s film Malli won the National Award for Best Environmental Film in India (2000), the National Award in India for Best Child Artist (2000) and was honoured at the 18th International Festival of Film for Children in Poznan, Poland, where it won the Poznan Goat for Best Director, Best Child Actress, Best Music and the Best Film-Audience Award at the Indian Film Festival|Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles in Los Angeles. <mask>'s subsequent films include Asoka, which screened at the Venice and Toronto Film Festivals (2001) and Navarasa, which won the National Award for Best Tamil Film (2004) and the Monaco Award for Best Film & Best Supporting Actor awarded at the Lyons Film Festival. The latter also participated in the Pusan and Rotterdam Film Festivals. His debut Malayalam Language film as director, Anandabhadram (2005), went on to win several State Awards, including Best Director & Best Cinematographer. <mask> has worked as the Cinematographer in Gurinder Chadha's Bride & Prejudice (2004) and Paul Mayeda Berges' The Mistress of Spices (2005).<mask> directed Before the Rains, which is premiered as a Special Presentation at the Toronto International Film Festival (2007). In addition, his short film Prarambha, which was created for the Bill and Melinda Gates AIDS Foundation, also premiered at the Mavericks section of the Festival. It won the National Awards 2007 for Best Producer and Best Director in the Educational and Motivational Film category. His latest Malayalam film, Urumi (2011) was screened at the Indian Panorama of the International Film Festival of India to be held in Goa 2012, to Busan and NHK film festivals. He was also the cinematographer for the Tamil movie Thuppakki, starring Vijay and directed by AR Murugadoss. In an interview, he said that some films he chose, not mostly because of the story but due to the very fact that he was comfortable with the director, a bigger pay cut and friendship things. Production

In 2008, Santosh Sivan Films was formed, as a Pvt ltd concern, with Producer Mubina Rattonsey and Milind Verekar.The company has not only handled film ventures successfully but has to its credit numerous commercials, documentaries and music videos as well. Feature film credits include Terrorist, Malli, Navarasa, Anandabhadram, A Hollywood film "Before the Rains" for Echo Lake Productions, Prarambha, a short film for The Bill and Melinda Gates AIDS Foundation, Tahaan-A Boy with the Grenade, Urumi-Vasco Da Gama and more recently done Ceylon.Tahaan, won a High Commendation in Children's Feature Film section at the 2009 Asia Pacific Screen Awards and UNICEF Award at 11th Olympia International Film Festival for Children and Young People in 2008 held at Greece. It also won "The German Star of India award" at "Bollywood and Beyond" festival at Stuttgart Germany in 2009. Documentary
<mask>'s documentary Farmers Portrait is near completion. He makes films on health and environment issues, like the Polio campaign with Amitabh Bachchan. His 2007 release, Prarambha won the National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film at the 55th National Film Awards. The film dealt with the stigma attached to an HIV + person.It dealt with a little boy who had been ostracised from school only because he is diagnosed with HIV. This film highlighted the plight of the boy and highlighted the ignorance of the society towards this virus. This was produced by the Bill and Melinda Gates Aids foundation and was shot entirely in Mysore. International Young Audience Film Festival
2000 - The Terrorist – Panorama Jury Prize for Honorable Mention at Sarajevo Film Festival
2000 - Malli Emerging Masters Showcase Award at Seattle International Film Festival Awards
2004 - Malli – Audience Award for Best Feature Film at Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles
2005 - Navarasa-Monaco International Film Festival (Monaco)
 Won - Best Supporting Actor - Bobby Darling
 Won - Angel Independent Spirit Award - Navarasa - <mask> <mask>
2008 - Before the Rains - Grand Award for Best Theatrical Feature at WorldFest Houston International Film Festival
2008 - Before the Rains - Crystal Kodak award for best cinematography. 2009 - Tahaan won a High Commendation in Children's Feature Film section at the 2009 Asia Pacific Screen Awards.

masks:
Santosh Sivan
Santosh
Santosh
Santosh
Santosh
Sivan
Santosh
Sivan
Sivan
Santosh
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title: Hans G. Adler

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<mask> (1904–1979) was a German musicologist, collector, and classical music promoter in South Africa. Early life
He was born in Germany, into a family interested and involved in classical music. His mother, Johanna Nathan was a professional soprano, and performed for noted composers such as Brahms, Tchaikovsky, Busoni and Julius Stockhausen (who was her tutor). He studied music under Eduard Jung (a piano teacher from Dr Hoch's Conservatorium, Frankfurt, specialising in talented future prospects) and left Nazi Germany for South Africa in 1933. There he was employed by a hardware Wholesaler Corporation, and frequently performed keyboard works on air with the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Contact and interaction with the musical scene in Southern Africa
His passion for classical music grew as he matured, and fed his desire to offer South African music lovers the highest quality of international concert presence. He was Chairman of the Johannesburg Music Society (South Africa's oldest Musical Society, a registered non-profit organisation) from 1954 through till 1969, when he became honorary chairman.The Society was among the first to invite many international artists and groups to perform in South Africa, and quickly expanded. Johannesburg soon became the centre of performers' broad African tours, that included the large cities of South Africa (Pretoria, Durban, East London, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, recordings with the South African Broadcasting Corporation -SABC-) as well as visits to Kenya, the former Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Mozambique, the Islands of Mauritius and Reunion, the former South West Africa, Angola and sometimes the former Belgian Congo. Consequently, the quality and variety of concert life and classical music appreciation in Southern Africa improved vastly. For this achievement and the musical museum he had built up, a PhD(Hon) degree from the University of the Witwatersrand was conferred on him in 1978. The collection and museum

This passion for, and love of music consumed most of his spare time, and after World War II, he began expanding on the small library inherited from his father with classical music dictionaries, encyclopaedias, manuscripts, complete composer compendiums, etc. in many languages, and volumes of music scores. In addition, he acquired ancient and early keyboard instruments -a 1589 Clavicytherium, Clavichords, a Glasschord, Spinettino, Harpsichords, a Hammerklavier and early pianos (eventually comprising 19 instruments, plus 2 modern Steinway Grands)- depicting the development of the piano; the collection also included a Viola d'Amore.His library grew very comprehensive, especially in keyboard compositions and productions, and, together with the instrument collection, evolved into a museum housed in his Johannesburg home. Tours for University students were sometimes conducted, and the SABC periodically aired early composers' works which he would perform there, (often together with touring overseas performers) on authentic Harpsichord(s) or a Clavichord or Hammerklavier. Most of the musicians and groups touring Southern Africa through his invitation, between 1954 and 1978 were invited to browse in the Library and or try out the instruments. A number discovered interesting or little-known works. (See note 7 in: examples of unusual works referenced.) The Fine Arts Departments of South African Universities were very interested in the Museum (which was considered by some musicologists to be one of the more outstanding museums of this nature in private hands), and it was eventually willed to the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, who opened a "Hans Adler Memorial Museum" in their Arts Building in 1980. Examples of unusual works referenced
At one time he donated to the British Museum, who did not possess this, one of his two rare copies of Frontispice by Ravel, music which was unknown, as Ravel had violated his publisher's sole publishing rights when it appeared in the popular Paris magazine "Feuillets d'art" in 1919

Are there just 5 Beethoven piano concertos?H.A. has collection evidence of a 6th piano concerto of Beethoven's, and two other piano concertos that may be regarded as Beethoven's works
A violin & piano sonata with two movements by Robert Schumann, one by Brahms and one by Albert Dietrich, in honour of Joachim
A Schumann quartet for 4 horns and piano
A Schumann andante and variations for two pianos, two cellos and French Horn long out of print, as Schumann rearranged it for two pianos alone
Variations on a Russian theme, written by Artciboucheff, Wihtol, Liadov, Rimsky-Korsakoff, Sokolow and <mask>nov
An original Josef Suk (composer) string orchestra serenade
Leopold Mozart's 1st edition (1756) of a Violin Tutor book
A 1492 Incunabula by Boetius. Treatise: Arithmetica Geometria et Musica Boetii

Borodin's almost forgotten piano quintet
A signed, numbered copy of Karlheinz Stockhausen's "Skizzen und Manuskripte" and one of Detlef Kieffer's "3 Pieces Breves" donated to him when they toured S.A.
A composition for him by John Ogdon and another by Julian Dawson-Lyell. Information and some photographs of the above examples can be seen on the H.A. "showcase of rare and unusual works" site. He also donated, to South African Composer/Conductor/SABC Head of Music <mask>r Music Collection" for which Mr. Fagan had been searching for a decade. Discoveries of unusual Cello Works by local cello enthusiast/journalist, Joe Sack, which he passed on to other professionals, works such as:
Theme and Variations on a Purcell Motif by von Weber
The Rheinberger Cello Sonatas
a little-known Concerto by Alcan
Over one hundred and twenty five Touring musicians' dedicated photographs, recital programs and music-room comments during their Southern Africa tours.

masks:
Hans Georg Adler
Alexander Glazu
Gideon Faganische


title: Barney McCosky

texts:
<mask> (April 11, 1917 – September 6, 1996) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball. From 1939 through 1953, he played for the Detroit Tigers (1939–42, 1946), Philadelphia Athletics (1946–1948, 1950–1951), Cincinnati Reds (1951) and Cleveland Indians (1951–1953). <mask> batted left-handed and threw right-handed. <mask> played in 1170 games, 535 in center field and 477 in left field. He had a career batting average of .312. Early years
<mask> was born in Coal Run, Pennsylvania, the last of nine children. His mother died when he was one year old, and <mask> moved to Detroit at age 4 with his older brother <mask>.<mask> grew up in Detroit in the midst of the Great Depression. He later recalled: "Nobody had any money. We took mustard sandwiches and ketchup sandwiches to school." <mask> attended Southwestern High School in Detroit, where he was All-City and captain in both baseball and basketball. McCosky had a .727 batting average his senior year — a Detroit public school record. Professional baseball player

Minor leagues
In 1936, <mask> was signed out of high school by scout Wish Egan. In 1936, he hit .400 for the Charleston Senators and led the Mid-Atlantic League.He played next for the Beaumont Exporters from 1936 to 1938. He hit .318 in 1937 and .307 in 1938. Detroit Tigers
In 11 major league seasons, <mask> was a .312 hitter with 24 home runs and 397 RBIs in 1,170 games played. <mask> was a good contact hitter who hit over .300 in six of his first seven seasons. A fine outfielder with a strong throwing arm, he collected a .984 fielding average with only 41 errors in 2579 chances. In 1939, <mask>'s rookie season, he was an immediate success both at bat and in the field. He started 145 games in center field and hit for a .311 batting average — trailing only Hank Greenberg and his boyhood hero, Charlie Gehringer, among the Tigers' starters.With great range and speed in the outfield, he led all American League outfielders with 428 putouts and led the league's center fielders with a .986 fielding percentage. His 1939 Range factor of 3.00 was a career-high and 0.65 points above the league average. He was also near the top of the American League leaderboard in 1939 with 120 runs scored (fourth), 190 hits (fourth), 20 stolen bases (fourth),  262 times on base (fifth), 33 doubles (sixth) and 14 triples (second). He placed 27th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting. His most productive season came for the  Detroit Tigers American League champions, when he was among the AL league leaders with a .340 batting average (6th in the AL), 200 hits (tied for 1st in the AL), 19 triples (1st in the AL), 123 runs (3rd in the AL), 264 times on base (4th in the AL), and 39 doubles (7th in the AL). In the World Series, he hit .304 (7-for-23) with five runs as Detroit lost to the Cincinnati Reds in seven games. <mask> finished No.16 in the MVP voting for 1940. Since 1940, the only Tiger to exceed <mask>'s 19 triples is Curtis Granderson in 2007. <mask> had another solid season in 1941, as he hit .324 and finished No. 15 in the American League MVP voting. U. S. Navy
In December 1942, <mask> joined the United States Navy during World War II. <mask> lost three years in the prime of his career (at ages 26–28) to military service during World War II. He was discharged in October 1945.Philadelphia Athletics
<mask> returned to Detroit in 1946. After a disappointing .198 start in 25 games, he was traded to the Philadelphia Athletics in mid-May for George Kell. In his autobiography, Kell recalled being shocked that the Tigers would trade a "legitimate star" and "hometown boy" like <mask> for an "unknown third baseman." At the time of the trade, <mask> told Kell: "You'll be better off here in Detroit. You're going to love it here. I hate to leave because this is home. I've had good years here."Playing for manager Connie Mack, <mask> broke out of his early season slump and hit .354 for the A's. In 1947, <mask> batted .328 (2nd best in the AL) for the Athletics and finished a career-best No. 11 in the AL MVP voting. In 1948, he hit .326 (5th best in the AL), had a .405 on-base percentage (6th in the AL), and scored 95 runs. <mask> missed the entire 1949 season after a back injury, and was never the same batter afterward. He returned to the Athletics in 1950, but his average dropped 86 points from .326 in 1948 to .240 in 1950. On April 26, 1951, <mask> broke up a no-hitter bid of Washington Senators Connie Marrero with a home run.Cincinnati and Cleveland
One week later, <mask> was sold to the Cincinnati Reds. He was then released and picked up off waivers by the Cleveland Indians. He managed only 37 hits in 1951 for a .268 average. <mask> finished his career playing with the Indians, as his batting average dropped further to .213 in 1952 and .190 in 1953. Six times he was considered in the American League MVP vote (1939–42, 1947–48). In 1995, he was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame. Later years
<mask> married his wife, Jane, in 1946.After his baseball career ended, he operated <mask>'s party store on Joy Road between Greenfield and Southfield in Detroit from 1953 to 1963. He then worked as an automobile salesman at Les Stanford Chevrolet in Dearborn, Michigan, until he retired in 1982. In 1982, <mask> and his wife moved in Venice, Florida, where they lived for 14 years. In 1996, <mask> died from jaw cancer at Bon Secour-Venice Hospital in Venice. He was buried at
Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Southfield, Michigan. In 1957, a baseball little league was formed and named the <mask> Little League. See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders

References

External links
Baseball Library

1917 births
1996 deaths
American people of Polish descent
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Beaumont Exporters players
Charleston Senators players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball left fielders
Philadelphia Athletics players
Baseball players from Detroit
Southwestern High School (Michigan) alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II

masks:
William Barney McCosky
McCosky
McCosky
McCosky
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Tony McCosky
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Barney McCosky
McCosky
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Barney McCosky


title: Giuseppe Soncini

texts:
<mask> (born 1926 - died 1991) was an Italian politician. He was a member of the Italian Communist Party and a leading figure in the city government of Reggio Emilia in northern Italy. In this position he promoted links between Reggio Emilia and southern African countries, in particular anti-colonial and anti-apartheid movements. For this work he was posthumously given the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo award by the South African presidency. Early life
He got a diploma as a factory designer; then he began working for the municipality of Reggio Emilia. From 14 June 1944, he took part in the Italian Resistance against Fascism and Nazism; in the same period he joined the Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI). At the end of the Second World War, he began working in the Officine Reggiane factory and, due to his organizational and managerial qualities, he was appointed Deputy Secretary of PCI Section Santa Croce “Reggiane-Officine Meccaniche Italiane” and member of the trade union inside the factory.He led the struggle against the shutdown of the factory but this caused him some periods of detention. Nevertheless, he continued defense of workers’ rights. In fact, along those years he was news editor of the magazine “La voce operaia”, an insert of magazine “La Verità”. Political activities

The period of PCI
After the shutdown of Officine Reggiane, <mask> went to Rome, where he attended the Istituto di Studi Comunisti (better known as Scuola delle Frattocchie) and passed a test to become journalist. This allowed him to work in the Press and Propaganda Section of the Party. In the late Fifties, he went to the USSR to attend a course about economic and political theories, while Nikita Khrushchev was leading the country. Here <mask> learned Russian language and got in touch with many students, some of them from Asian and African countries.After the Russian experience, by 1960, <mask> managed the "Ufficio Studi Provinciale" of PCI of Reggio Emilia: during the first half of Sixties, he published some reports and articles on economic, working and social conditions of Reggio Emilia district. The roles of Chairman of Reggio Emilia’s Hospital and of Deputy Mayor
In 1964, he served as a city councillor of Scandiano’s municipality; then in 1967, he served as board member of Hospital Santa Maria Nuova of Reggio Emilia. When the hospital became Ente Ospedaliero Provinciale, <mask> was appointed as Chairman. In 1970, <mask> Benassi became Mayor. The same mayor entrusted him as Deputy Mayor on International Relationships in 1977, and, in 1980 as Deputy Mayor on Finance Department.His presence in the city council was confirmed both in 1980 and 1985, but he decided to leave in 1986. He was politically active until 1990 when he became provincial Secretary of Local Autonomies League. International relationships

<mask> had an important role in leading Reggio Emilia into a network of international relationships, in particular with southern African countries. Mozambique
While <mask> was Chairman of AROER, after a visit of a FRELIMO delegation, he proposed a twinning agreement between Reggio Emilia’s Hospital and the Hospital Central of Cabo Delgado to help liberated zones of Mozambique. In 1970, a pact ratified this twinning agreement and a Committee for Medical aid to Mozambican people was established and <mask> was appointed Chairman. The aid project was developed with physician Silvio Pampiglione and FRELIMO's Direcçao de Saude (health care management): it was decided to send medicines, health facilities and Italian practitioners in order to assist injured people and to train local healthcare assistants. In 1972 <mask> visited Tanzania and liberated zones of Mozambique.On that occasion Franco Cigarini filmed a documentary. <mask> returned to Mozambique in 1975 to take part to celebrations of independence from Portugal and to sign a twinning agreement between Reggio Emilia and the city of Pemba, capital of Cabo Delgado, in order to improve technical and institutional collaboration and to reinforce the collaboration and friendship with Mozambican leaders such as Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano and Marcelino dos Santos. In 1977 the “Comitato Unitario per l’amicizia, la cooperazione e la solidarietà con i popoli” was established. South Africa
In the same year, on 26 June, the "Pact of Solidarity between Reggio Emilia and the African National Congress" was approved and signed by the mayor Ugo Benassi and Oliver Tambo. The following year, which UN proclaimed “International Year against Apartheid”, the publication of Italian version of “Sechaba”, the official magazine of ANC, started. <mask> was managing editor of it until 1984 when the last issue was published. Sechaba helped to raise awareness of the international struggle against apartheid in Italy.In 1978, <mask> organized in Reggio Emilia the “National Conference of solidarity for independence and the sovereignty of Southern Africa Peoples against colonialism, racism and apartheid”, with the participation of delegates from ANC, Sof SWAPO, of Zanu-Zapu, of Mozambique and of other Southern African countries, as well as Italian leaders. On that occasion it was decided to organize a solidarity ship for southern Africa. In April 1979 the National Committee was established, with <mask> as Coordinator, with the purpose to realize initiatives and campaigns to help anti-colonialist movements in Africa. National and International institutions referred to this Committee during those years. The Committee organized both solidarity ships Amanda (in 1980 from Genoa) and Rea Silvia (in 1984 from Livorno), bound for Namibia and South Africa respectively, with aid and facilities. During the Eighties <mask> continued his activity of political and social commitment for African populations. He also promoted the conferring of honorary citizenship of Rome on Nelson Mandela in 1983.In 1987, <mask> was invited by Oliver Tambo, ANC’s Chairman, to participate at the Arusha International Conference in Tanzania, an important event dealing with democratic transition in South Africa. The last years
In the last years of his life <mask>, with his wife Bruna Ganapini, organized his personal archive, bearing witness to his role in Reggio Emilia’s community and his international solidarity work. <mask> died in Parma on 4 April 1991, after a heart surgery operation. Marcelino dos Santos delivered the funeral speech and Benny Nato, as delegate of ANC in Italy, took part in the ceremony. Awards
In April 2013, <mask> posthumously received the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo bronze award, an honour conferred by South Africa to people from other countries people who have been distinguished in the fight against apartheid and solidarity with liberation movements in Southern Africa. The award was delivered to his widow, Bruna Ganapini. The citation read:

Sources

 Biography of <mask> from Soncini-Cigarini Archive

1926 births
1991 deaths
Italian resistance movement members
People from Reggio Emilia
Italian Communist Party politicians

masks:
Giuseppe Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
SonciniUgo
Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
Soncini
Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini
Giuseppe Soncini


title: Prince Vijaya

texts:
According to the Mahāvaṃsa chronicle, Prince <mask> (c. 543–505 BCE) was the first Sinhalese king. Legends say that he and several hundred followers came to Sri Lanka after they were banished from Sinhapura. In Sri Lanka, <mask> and his settlers defeated a yaksha near "Thammena" (Tambapaṇṇī, believed to be in the central or western part of the island), eventually displacing the island's previous inhabitants from their city of Sirisavatthu. <mask>'s marriage to Kuveni, a daughter of a yaksha leader, may have cemented his ability to reign the kingdom of Tambapanni. However, Kuveni's renunciation of her people for love did not last long; Vijay betrayed her for a princess from India. Kuveni had two children by Vijaya, whose fate is unknown. Sources and variations
Four versions of the legend explain the origin of the Sinhalese people.In all the versions, a prince comes to the island of Lanka and establishes a community which gives rise to the Sinhalese people. The Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa identify the prince as <mask>, and the other two legends have different names for the prince. Mahavamsa: In this version, <mask>'s grandmother is a princess whose ancestry traces to the Vanga and Kalinga kingdoms (present-day Bengal and Odisha). She bears two children with Sinha ("lion"), who keeps them in captivity in a forest. After the princess and her children escape their captivity, her son Sinhabahu kills Sinha. Prince <mask>, the son of Sinhabahu, founds the kingdom of Sinhapura. He becomes the prince-regent of Sinhapura, but is exiled with 700 followers to Lanka because of his evil deeds.The Mahavamsa version has a contradiction; the Buddha expelled all the yakkhas to the island of Giridipa during an earlier visit to Lanka, but <mask> later encounters yakkhas on Lanka and a yakkhini (a female yakkha) named Kuveni becomes his queen. Kuveni helps Vijaya destroy the yakkha city of Sirisavatthu, and has two children with him. However, <mask> must marry a Kshatriya princess to be a legitimate ruler; he marries the daughter of a Pandu king, who sends other women as brides for Vijaya's followers. Kuveni and her two children leave for the yakkha city of Lankapura, where she is killed by the yakkhas for betraying them. Vijaya dies without an heir; Panduvasudeva, the son of his twin brother Sumitta, arrives from India and takes charge of Vijaya's kingdom. The community established by Vijaya gives rise to the Sinhalese people. Dipavamsa: This version predates the Mahavamsa.It is similar to the Mahavamsa version, but omits Kuveni (and other yakkhas) and the South Indian princess. Xuanzang's account: The princess, abducted by the Sinha (lion), comes from South India. There is no mention of Vanga, Kalinga or Lala. She and her two children escape from Sinha's captivity to their native kingdom in South India. Her son, Chih-sse-tseu ("lion-catcher", or Sinhabahu) later kills his father Sinha. Although he is receives a reward, he is exiled by ship for the act of parricide. Chih-sse-tseu lands on Ratnadeepa (Lanka, the "island of gems"), and settles there.He begins attacking naval merchants who come to the island looking for gems. Chih-sse-tseu captures the merchants' children and spares their lives, creating a community. He has children with an unnamed woman and his descendants divide people into classes, giving rise to the caste system; they also wage wars, expanding their territory. Chih-sse-tseu's community gives rise to the Sinhalese people, and yakkhas are not mentioned in this version. Valahassa Jataka version: This Jataka version is depicted in the Ajanta cave paintings of India (Simhala Avadana in Cave 17). The prince who comes to the island is a merchant named Sinhala, the son of Sinha. He and 500 followers sail for the island of Ratnadeepa, where they hope to find gems in the city of Sirisavatthu.They are shipwrecked and saved by the Yakkhinis, who prey on shipwrecked merchants. The Yakkhinis pretend to be the widows of merchants who earlier visited the island. Sinhala marries the chief Yakkhini, but then discovers their true identity. He and 250 of his men escape from the island on a flying horse named Valahassa. The chief Yakkhini follows them to his paternal kingdom and presents herself to his father, Simha, as wronged by the prince. Simha gives her shelter, but she devours him and the rest of his family except for the prince. She then returns to Ratnadeepa, where she devours the remaining 250 of Sinhala's followers.Sinhala succeeds his father as king, and leads a military expedition to Ratnadeepa. He defeats the Yakkhinis, and establishes the Sinhalese kingdom. Ancestry
According to the Mahāvaṃsa, the king of Vanga (the historical Bengal region) married a princess named Mayavati  of neighbouring Kalinga (present-day Odisha). The couple had a daughter, Suppadevi, who was prophesied to mate with the king of beasts. As an adult, Princess Suppadevi left Vanga to seek an independent life. She joined a caravan headed for Magadha, which was attacked by Sinha ("lion") in a forest in the Lala (or Lada) region. The Mahavamsa calls the Sinha a lion; according to some modern interpreters, however, Sinha was a beastly outlaw human living in the jungle.Lala is identified as Bengal's Rarh region (part of the present-day Indian state of West Bengal) or Lata, part of present-day Gujarat. Suppadevi fled from the attack, but encountered Sinha again. Sinha was attracted to her and she caressed him, mindful of the prophecy. He kept Suppadevi in captivity in a cave, and they had two children: a son named Sinhabahu (or Sihabahu, "lion-armed") and a daughter named Sinhasivali (or Sihasivali). When the children grew up, Sinhabahu asked his mother why she and Sinha looked so different. After she told him about her royal ancestry, he decided to go to Vanga. While Sinha was out, Sinhabahu escaped from the cave with Suppadevi and Sinhasivali.They reached a village, where they met a general of the Vanga Kingdom. The general was a cousin of Suppadevi, and later married her. Sinha began ravaging villages to find his missing family. The king of Vanga announced a reward to anyone who could kill Sinha, and Sinhabahu killed his father to claim the reward. By the time Sinhabahu returned to the capital, the king of Vanga was dead. Sinhabahu was crowned the new king, but later passed the kingship to his mother's husband (the general). Returning to his birthplace in Lala, he founded the city of Sinhapura (or Sihapura).Sinhabahu married his sister, Sinhasivali, and they had 32 sons (16 pairs of twins). <mask> Singha ("the greatly victorious") was their eldest son, followed by his twin Sumitta. The location of Sinhapura is uncertain. It has been identified with Singur, West Bengal (in the Rada, or Rarh, region) or Singhpur, near Jajpur (Sinhapura, Odisha). Those who identify the Lala kingdom with present-day Gujarat place it in present-day Sihor. Another theory identifies it with the village of Singupuram, near Srikakulam in Andhra Pradesh. It has also been placed in present-day Thailand or on the Malay Peninsula.Arrival in Sri Lanka

<mask> was made the prince regent by his father, but he and his band of followers became notorious for their violent deeds. After their repeated complaints failed to stop him, prominent citizens demanded that <mask> be put to death. King Sinhabahu then expelled <mask> and his 700 followers from the kingdom. The men's heads were half-shaved, and they were put on a ship that set out to sea. The wives and children of the 700 men were sent on separate ships. <mask> and his followers landed at a place called Supparaka; the women landed at a place called Mahiladipaka, and the children landed at a place called Naggadipa. <mask>'s ship later reached Lanka, in the area known as Tambapanni, on the day that Gautama Buddha died in northern India.Those who think that Vijaya set out from the west coast of India (Sinhapura was in Gujarat) identify present-day Sopara as the location of Supparaka. Those who think that Sinhapura was in the Vanga-Kalinga region identify it with locations off the east coast of India; S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar speculates that Supparaka might have been Sumatra. According to the Mahavamsa, Gautama Buddha asked the lord of gods (identified as Indra) before he attained Nirvana to protect Vijaya in Lanka so Buddhism could flourish there. Indra gave the guardianship of Lanka to the lotus-colored god (Upulvan), who came to Lanka in the guise of an ascetic to protect Vijaya. Wilhelm Geiger identifies the lotus-colored god as Vishnu; uppala is the blue lotus. Senarath Paranavithana identifies him with Varuna. Vijaya tied a protective (paritta) thread on the hands of his followers.Later, a Yakkhini appeared before them in the form of a dog. One of the followers thought that a dog indicated habitation, and followed her. After some time, he saw a Yakkhini named Kuveni (or Kuvanna) who was spinning thread. Kuveni tried to devour him, but <mask>'s magical thread protected him. Unable to kill him, Kuveni hurled the follower into a chasm; she then did the same thing to all 700 followers. <mask> went to Kuveni's place, looking for his men; he overpowered her, and forced her to free them. Kuveni asked Vijaya to spare her life, swearing loyalty to him.She brought food and goods from the ships of the traders she had devoured for Vijaya and his followers, and <mask> took her as his consort. Kingdom of Tambapanni

Vijaya woke up to the sounds of music and singing. Kuveni told him that the island was home to Yakkhas, who would kill her for sheltering Vijaya's men, and the sound was from wedding festivities in the Yakkha city of Sirisavatthu. With Kuveni's help, <mask> defeated the Yakkhas. <mask> and Kuveni had two children: Jivahatta and Disala. Vijaya established a kingdom which was named Tambapanni ("copper-red hands"), because the men's hands were coloured by the area's red soil. Members of <mask>'s community were called Sinhala, after Sinhabahu.Vijaya's ministers and other followers established several villages; Upatissa established Upatissagāma on the bank of the Gambhira river, north of Anuradhagama. <mask>'s followers decided to crown him king, but for this he needed a queen of Aryan (noble) descent. His ministers sent emissaries with gifts to the city of Madhura, which was ruled by  a Pandava king. (Madhura is identified with Mathura, a city in North India). The king agreed to send his daughter as Vijaya's bride, and asked other families to offer their daughters as brides for Vijaya's followers. Several families volunteered, and were rewarded by the king, who sent a hundred noble maidens, craftsmen, a thousand families from 18 guilds, elephants, horses, wagons and other gifts. The group landed in Lanka at a port known as Mahatittha.<mask> then asked Kuveni, his Yakkhini consort, to leave the community because his citizens feared supernatural beings like her. He offered her money, asking her to leave their two children behind, but Kuveni brought the children along to the Yakkha city of Lankapura. She asked her children to remain behind as she entered the city, where other Yakkhas saw her as a traitor; suspected of spying, she was killed by a Yakkha. On the advice of her maternal uncle, the children fled to Sumanakuta (identified with Adam's Peak). In the Malaya region of Lanka, they married and began the Pulinda race (identified with the Vedda people, not to be confused with the Pulindas of India). <mask> was crowned king. The Pandava king's daughter became his queen, and other women were married to his followers according to their rank.Vijaya bestowed gifts on his ministers and his father-in-law; he abandoned his evil ways, and ruled Lanka in peace and justice. Final days
<mask> had no other children after Kuveni left. Concerned in old age that he would die without an heir, he decided to bring his twin brother Sumitta from India to govern his kingdom. <mask> sent a letter to Sumitta, but died before receiving a reply. His ministers from Upatissagāma then governed the kingdom for a year while they waited for a reply. In Sinhapura, Sumitta had become king and had three sons. His queen was a daughter of the king of Madda (possibly Madra).When Vijaya's messengers arrived, Sumitta asked one of his sons to go to Lanka because he was too old; Panduvasdeva, his youngest son, volunteered. Panduvasdeva and 32 sons of Sumitta's ministers reached Lanka, where he became the new ruler. Significance
In Sri Lanka, the legend of <mask> is political rhetoric used to explain the origin and genetics of the Sinhalese; it is often treated as an account of historical events. Sinhalese scholars such as K. M. de Silva have used the legend to confirm the Indo-Aryan origin of the Sinhalese, distinguishing them from the Dravidians; some Sinhalese authors have used the myth to oppose Tamil secessionism, arguing that the Sinhalese and the Tamils are one race because their ancestors included the maidens sent by the Pandyan king of Madurai. Some Tamil nationalists, on the other hand, have claimed that their ancestors were the Yakkhas massacred by Vijaya. Tamil authors such as Satchi Ponnambalam have dismissed the legend as fiction aimed at justifying Sinhalese territorial claims in Sri Lanka. Genetic studies
Genetic studies on Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Tamils have led to different conclusions.R. L. Kirk (1976) concluded that the Sinhalese are genetically closest to the Bengalis. N. Saha (1988) disagreed with Kirk's findings, however, and concluded that the Sinhalese have a close genetic relationship to the Tamils. See also
 Tomb of Vijaya
 Sri Lankan place name etymology
 List of Sri Lankan monarchs
 History of Sri Lanka

References

Further reading

External links
 Codrington's Short History of Ceylon: The Beginnings
 Mahavamsa chapters: The coming of Vijaya and The Consecrating of Vijaya. 500s BC deaths
6th-century BC Sinhalese monarchs
Year of birth unknown
House of Vijaya
Monarch of Tambapanni
Sinhalese kings
People from Odisha

masks: Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya Vijaya


title: Arnold C. Cooper

texts:
Professor <mask><mask> (March 9, 1933 – December 6, 2012) was a management scholar and a pioneer in the field of entrepreneurship and strategic management. During his academic career, that spanned over 40 years, <mask> made several contributions to the overall knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship. He also played a significant part in organizing the research field and he helped the elevation of entrepreneurship research to a higher academic level. Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago in 1933. His father worked as a railway postal clerk on the train line between Chicago and Cincinnati, where the family moved when <mask> was three years old. They then moved again, to New Castle, Indiana where he grew up. <mask> went to New Castle High School from where he graduated 1951.In the fall that same year, he went to college at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, as a chemical engineering major. Career
<mask> received his degree in chemical engineering from Purdue University in 1955. After six months serving as a second lieutenant in the Army Chemical Corps, in 1956, he enrolled in the newly started Industrial Management MBA (Master of Business Administration) program at Purdue University, in what later became the Krannert School of Management. After graduating The MBA program at Purdue University in 1957, <mask> worked for a year at Procter & Gamble in Cincinnati, but then he got accepted as a PhD student at Harvard Business School, Boston, where he went in the fall of 1958. At Harvard, <mask> started working with Professor W<mask> Hosmer who studied small growing technological firms in the Boston area. <mask> did his doctoral dissertation under the supervision of Hosmer, after he was finished he stayed on as a teacher at Harvard Business School between 1961 and 1963. In 1963, <mask> returned to Purdue University and the Krannert School of Management, as an Assistant Professor.In 1970 he became Professor at the same faculty. <mask> stayed at Purdue University for the rest of his career, although he held visiting faculty positions at Stanford University, Manchester Business School in England, the Management Development Institute in Switzerland and the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. Research
<mask> is considered to be one of the pioneering scholars in the field of entrepreneurship as well as strategic management. In his doctoral dissertation, <mask> studied the growth of small firms in the Boston area and in 1962 he presented his thesis Practices and Problems in the Development of Technically Advanced Products in Small Manufacturing Firms. Based on the findings from this study, <mask> published two articles in the Harvard Business Review, one in 1964 and one in 1966. In the articles, <mask> argued against the idea that larger companies enjoyed many advantages over smaller ones, especially in R&D, which was the prevailing view of the time. A few years later (1968), while working as a visiting professor at Stanford University, <mask> conducted a groundbreaking study of spin-offs in technology-based firms in Silicon Valley.Looking at over 250 firms, <mask> found that the Spin-off rate in smaller firms was approximately 10 times higher than for larger companies. During the 1970s, <mask> published several articles based on his spin-off study, mainly focusing on the questions: why do new technological firms start where they do and what influence does already established firms in the geographical area have on the birthrate of new firms. <mask> found that the established firms or incubator organizations, has a major influence on the location of new firms. In the 1980s <mask> conducted a major study of entrepreneurial diversity together with William Dunkelberg. A questionnaire was sent to over 6000 members of the National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB), with a response rate of 29% it was one of the largest and most diverse samples of small business owners studied at the time. In 1985 <mask> and William Dunkelberg, together with William Dennis and <mask>, conducted an even larger study of NFIB members. This time the goal was to answer questions about the entrepreneurial process, and the focus of the study was newly started firms.The main question was: Why do some new firms succeed whereas others fail? During the late 1980s and the 1990s <mask> analyzed the collected data and co-authored several articles based on the study, articles that are frequently cited in later entrepreneurial research. Awards
<mask> received the 1987 Distinguished Scholar Award from the International Council of Small Business, the 1997 International Award for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research (today known as the Global award for Entrepreneurship Research), and numerous best paper awards. He has won five teaching awards from Purdue University, the 1999 Richard D. Irwin Outstanding Educator Award, and the 1993 Coleman Entrepreneurship Mentor Award. Early articles
<mask>, <mask>. (1964) R&D Is More Efficient in Small Companies. Harvard Business Review. May –June.p. 75-83.

<mask>, <mask>. (1966) Small Companies can Pioneer New Products. Harvard Business Review. September–October. p. 162-179. Influential articles
<mask>, A.C., Gimeno-Gascon, F.J. & Woo, C.Y. (1994) Initial Human and Financial Capital as Predictors of New Venture Performance. Journal of Business Venturing.9. p. 317-395.

<mask>, A.C. & Woo, C.Y. & Dunkelberg, W.C., 1988, Entrepreneurs’ Perceived Chances of Success, Journal of Business Venturing. 3. p. 97-108. Gimeno, J., Folta, T.B., <mask>, A.C. & Woo, C.Y. (1997) Survival of the Fittest? Entrepreneurial Human Capital and the Persistence of Underperforming Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly.42. p. 750-783. Books
Hosmer, Windsor, Tucker & Cooper (1966) Small Business Management: A Casebook. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.

<mask>, A. (1971)The Founding of Technologically Based Firms. MI: The Center for Venture Management. <mask>, A. & Komives, J.(ed) (1972) Technical Entrepreneurship: A Symposium. MI: The Center for Venture Management. Hosmer, Larue, Cooper & Vesper (1977) The Entrepreneurial Function: Text and Cases in the Management of Smaller Firms. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall, Inc.

<mask>, A., Dunkelberg, W., Woo, C. & William Dennis Jr. (1990) New Business in America: The Firms and their Owners. Washington, DC: The NFIB Foun¬dation. <mask>, A., Alvarez, S., <mask>, A., Mesquita, L. & Vassolo, R. (ed) (2006) Entrepreneurial Strategies. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.<mask><mask> and Shailendra Mehta (2006): Preparation for Entrepreneurship – Does it Matter? Journal of Private Equity. Fall 2006, Vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 6–15. References

1933 births
2012 deaths
Harvard Business School alumni
Purdue University faculty
Purdue University College of Agriculture alumni

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Arnold C
. Cooper
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title: Kayode Fayemi

texts:
<mask>, (born 9 February 1965) is a Nigerian politician who is currently serving as the governor of Ekiti State and chairman of Nigeria Governors' Forum (NGF) in office since 16 October 2018. He previously served in office between 2010 and 2014 before losing re-election to Ayodele Fayose. He was also the Minister of Solid Minerals Development in President Muhammadu Buhari's cabinet from 11 November 2015 to 30 May 2018, when he resigned to contest for a second time as Governor of Ekiti State. Early life
<mask> was born in Ibadan on 9 February 1965 to an Ekiti parentage from  Isan-Ekiti in Oye Local Government of Ekiti State. Education
Fayemi had his primary education at ICC Primary School, Agodi, Ibadan, Oyo State between 1970-1975 and attended Christ's School Ado Ekiti from 1975 to 1980. He later went on to receive degrees in History, Politics and International Relations from the University of Lagos and University of Ife (now Obafemi Awolowo University). From 1989 to 1992, he earned a Doctorate  in War Studies from King's College London, specializing in civil-military relations.Career
After his first degree in 1984, he proceeded on the mandatory one year National Youth service Corps from 1985 to 1986, during which he was a lecturer at the Nigeria-Police Training College in Sokoto. After his service year, he served as a Research Officer at Development & Management Consultants in Ikeja between 1987-1989. When he moved to the UK to pursue his doctoral studies between 1991 to 1993 he worked as a Research Officer at the African Research and Information Bureau in London. In 1992, he was a Tutorial Fellow at the War Studies Department at Kings College, London during his doctoral studies. Later between 1993 to 1995, he was the Strategy Development Adviser of Deptford City Challenge in London and later served as the Secretary General of the Media Empowerment for Africa (The Radio Foundation) in London between 1995-1997. He was also a journalist with The Guardian and City Tempo; and the Editor of Nigeria-Now, a defunct political monthly magazine. In 1997, <mask> returned to Nigeria where he established the Centre for Democracy and Development Centre for Democracy & Development, a research and training institution dedicated to the study and promotion of democratic development, peace-building and human security in Africa, where he served as Director from 1997 to 2006.☃☃

<mask> <mask> has taught in Africa, Europe, the Americas and Asia.He has also served as an adviser on transitional justice, regional integration, constitutionalism, security sector reform and civil-military relations issues to various governments, inter-governmental institutions and development agencies. He was the main technical adviser to Nigeria’s The Human Rights Violations Investigation Commission (Oputa Panel), which investigated past abuses and served on the Presidential Implementation Committees on Security Sector Reform, NEPAD and the Millennium Development Goals. He was technical expert to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) on small arms and light weapons and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa on governance issues. At other times he has served as a consultant to the OECD on Security Sector Reform and chaired the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative’s Committee of Experts on developing guiding principles and mechanisms of constitution making in Commonwealth Africa. Elections
In 2006, <mask> made his entry into partisan politics ahead of the 2007 election during which he contested for Governor of Ekiti State under the defunct Action Congress. After three and a half years fighting through the legal system, on 15 October 2010 the appeal court sitting in Kwara state declared Fayemi the duly elected Governor of Ekiti State, and marked the end of Olusegun Oni's administration as the then Governor of the state Daily Trust, a national daily, captured the electoral journey in its editorial, published on Friday, 22 October 2010 under the title, Closure to Ekiti 2007 Governorship Saga. Governor of Ekiti State
In April 2014, <mask> was endorsed as the governorship candidates of the All Progressives Congress in the state's gubernatorial elections slated for 21 June 2014.The emergence of Fayemi was preceded by congress held before the governor who had no contestant was endorsed as the flag bearers of their state in the governorship elections. <mask> <mask> was defeated at the polls on 21 June 2014 by previous governor Ayodele Fayose. Fayemi recontested for second term as Ekiti state governor under the platform of the All Progressive Congress in the 14 July 2018 governorship election after resigning as the Minister of Solid Minerals Development. He was officially declared the winner of the 2018 Ekiti State gubernatorial election by the Independent National Electoral Commission on 15 July 2018. He won by 19,345 votes against the Peoples Democratic Party's Kolapo Olusola Eleka who was second. In October 2018, <mask> was sworn in as Ekiti State governor for the second time. Fayemi was elected chairman of the Nigeria Governors’ Forum.This announcement was made by the immediate past chairman, Abdulaziz Yari on Wednesday evening. He said Fayemi was unanimously elected by the governors to lead the forum till 2021. Controversies

Corruption
The Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) in 2016 investigated <mask>'s tenure as Governor of Ekiti State from 2010 to 2014, for an alleged misappropriation of over N25 billion infrastructure bond by his government. In July 2020, he was accused of "financial impropriety" relating to the Ajaokuta Steel Mill during his tenure as Minister of Solid Minerals from 2015 to 2018. All charges were later dropped and he was found innocent. However, several petitions have been filed against him at EFCC based on various corruption allegations ranging from misappropriation of public funds and gross high handedness during his first tenure as Governor. Electoral fraud
In January 2022, <mask> was accused of bribery and electoral fraud surrounding the 2022 Ekiti APC gubernatorial primary.Reports that Fayemi had bribed the APC primary committee and INEC officials in the days before the primary led to the withdrawal of all candidates aside from the Fayemi-supported Abiodun Oyebanji. Oyebanji emerged victorious from the primary, receiving nearly 97% of the vote with a margin of over 100,000 votes. Such extreme efforts were speculated to be connected to Fayemi's desire to have an ally as his successor to give a boost to his likely 2022 presidential candidacy. EndSars protest
in October 2020 during the nationwide #EndSars protest he joined the protesters at the protest grounds to express his support for their demand but advised on the need for them to have an exit strategy and on the need to create a window of dialogue with the Federal Government on their demands before the protest was hijacked. He narrated his experience as one of the notable faces of the anti-military and protesters that facilitated the current democratic order. He said his group knew when to pause to negotiate with the government and that made them successful. He said this at a virtual symposium held by the Harvard Kenny Alumni Association of Nigeria with the theme :The Africa Policy Dialogue Series: Harnessing Africa’s Demographic Dividend for Peace, Security and Productivity through Investments in Youth.He admitted that the youths, who were actively participating in the #Endsars protest at the time, had a right to demand for good governance and an end to police brutality, saying the government owes that to them. Fellows and membership
 <mask> <mask> is a Fellow of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Ibadan
 Adjunct Professor of Security Studies at the African Centre for Strategic Studies, National Defense University, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C., USA. He was also a Visiting Professor in the African Studies Programme at Northwestern University, Evanston, USA in 2004. Dr <mask> serves on numerous Boards including the Governing Board of the Open Society Justice Institute, Baobab for Women’s Human Rights, African Security Sector Network, and on the Advisory Board of the Global Facilitation Network on Security Sector Reform and on the Management Culture Board of the ECOWAS Secretariat. Member, Africa Policy Advisory Panel of the British Government. Writings
<mask> has written on governance and democratization, civil-military relations and security sector issues in Africa. Among his recent books are: Deepening the Culture of Constitutionalism: The Role of Regional Institutions in Constitutional Development in Africa (CDD, 2003), Security Sector Governance in Africa: A Handbook (edited with Nicole Ball, CDD, 2004) and Out of the Shadows: Exile and the Struggle for Freedom and Democracy in Nigeria (CDD, 2005).See also

List of Governors of Ekiti State

References

External links
<mask>, Kayode. A Manifesto for Ekiti Transformation
<mask>, Kayode. Security Challenges

1965 births
Living people
Yoruba politicians
Governors of Ekiti State
Alumni of King's College London
University of Lagos alumni
Action Congress of Nigeria politicians
All Progressives Congress politicians
Yoruba academics
Nigerian expatriate academics in the United States
Obafemi Awolowo University alumni
University of Ibadan faculty
National Defense University faculty
Christ's School, Ado Ekiti alumni

masks:
John Olukayode Fayemi
John Olukayode Folorunso Fayemi
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