title: Máighréad Medbh

texts:
<mask> (born 1959) is an Irish writer and poet. Life and work
Born in 1959 in Newcastle West, Co Limerick, Medbh now lives in Dublin. She is known as a performative poet and much of her focus has been on live performance since the 1990s, when she was a pioneer in the Irish performance renascence. She has published eight poetry collections and a mixed genre work, as well as three e-novels. She has won awards, including the Single Poem Prize Listowel Writers’ Week 2016, for 'Easter 2016,' and her verse fantasy, Parvit of Agelast, was shortlisted for the Pigott Poetry Prize in 2017. She has been awarded a bursary from the Irish Arts Council, and has had several school residencies. Bibliography
Imbolg.(Dublin: Arlen House, 2020)
Parvit of Agelast: A Verse Fantasy. (Dublin: Arlen House, 2016)
Pagan to the Core (Dublin, Arlen House, 2014)
Savage Solitude: Reflections of a Reluctant Loner (Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2013)
Twelve Beds for the Dreamer (Dublin, Arlen House, 2010)
When the Air Inhales You (Galway, Arlen House, 2009)
Split in ¡Divas!. (Galway: Arlen House, 2003)
CD: Out of My Skin Dublin: Odin Poetries, 2002
Tenant (The Cliffs of Moher, Salmon Poetry, 1999)
The Making of a Pagan (Belfast, Blackstaff Press, 1990)

E-Books
 The 13th Cone (2014)
 The Coal-black Sea (2013)
 The Body Coat (2013)
Máighréad Medbh: Smashwords Page

Film Collaborations
With artist Bernie Masterson--
 Flight. Winner of the Janet Mullarney Prize 2020
 Bold Writing. Selected for screening by MExIndex 2020
Flight screenings:
Lacuna Festivals 2021 International, Contemporary Art Festival: Distance (02-07-2021); MESA Magazine online launch (27-03-2021); The Royal Ulster Academy Annual Exhibition (18-10-2020); Contemporary Irish Arts Center Los Angeles, CIACLA  (24-09-2020). Flight was winner of the Inaugural Janet Mullarney Prize, curated by Joy Gerrard, Séan Kissane, and Jerome O Drisceoil for the Highlanes Gallery, Drogheda (06-07-2020), and has been acquired by The Highlanes for its permanent collection. Bold Writing screenings:
Mexindex 2020, curated by Richard Ashrowan (18-12-2020); as part of Homeland: ‘On Changing Your Mind’, at: Instituto Cervantes, Dublin (24-11-2019), the LOOP Festival, Barcelona (22-11-2019), and Damer House Gallery, Roscrea (10-08-2019); Glitch Festival, Digital Traces, (17-05-2017); Discover Hidden Gems, MFA Group Show, The Annex, 101 -103 James St, Dublin (06-07-2016).For Children
 The Rescue, a four-part serialised story for children, set to music by Fergal Carroll, was broadcast on Ireland’s Lyric FM radio station in December 2007 and December 2008. Translations
English versions of original poems in Galician and Arabic have been included in the following anthologies:
 Migrant Shores: Irish, Moroccan & Galician Poetry. Edited by Manuela Palacios. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2017
 Forked Tongues: Galician, Basque and Catalan Women’s Poetry in Translations by Irish Writers. Edited by Manuela Palacios. Bristol: Shearsman Books, 2012
 To The Winds Our Sails: Irish Writers Translate Galician Poetry. Edited by Mary O’Donnell and Manuela Palacios.Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2010

Anthologies in which work has been published
 Reading the Future: New Writing from Ireland. Dublin: Arlen House, 2018
 Washing Windows? Irish Women Write Poetry. Dublin: Arlen House, 2017
 Stony Thursday Book 2015. Edited by Mary O’Donnell. Limerick Arts Office, 2015
 And Agamemnon Dead: An Anthology of Early Twenty First Century Irish Poetry. Edited by Peter O’Neill & Walter Ruhlmann.Paris: Muavaise Graine, 2015
 Dream of a City: An Anthology of Contemporary Poetry from Limerick City of Culture. 2014. Astrolabe Press, 2014
 The Stony Thursday Book No. 13, Autumn 2014. Edited by Peter Sirr. Limerick Arts Office, 2014
 What We Found There: Poets Respond to the Treasures of the National Museum of Ireland. Edited by Theo Dorgan.Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2013
 The Stony Thursday Book No. 12. Edited by Paddy Bushe. Limerick Arts Office, 2013
 The Blue Max Review. Rebel Poetry, Fermoy International Poetry Festival, 2013
 Shine On. Edited by Pat Boran. Dublin: Dedalus Press, 2011
 Dogs Singing.Edited by Jessie Lendennie. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2010
 Salmon: A Journey in Poetry. Edited by Jessie Lendennie. Co. Clare: Salmon Poetry, 2007
 Something Beginning with P. Edited by Seamus Cashman. Dublin: O’Brien Press, 2004
 Forgotten Light. Edited by Louise C. Callaghan. Dublin: A.& A. Farmar, 2003
 The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing: Volumes IV & V: Irish Women's Writing and Traditions. Edited by Angela Bourke et al. Cork: Cork University Press, 2002
 Short Fuse: The Global Anthology of New Fusion Poetry. Edited by Todd Swift & Philip Norton. New York: Rattapallax Press, 2002
 The White Page / An Bhileog Bhán. Edited by Joan McBreen. Galway: Salmon Publishing, 1999
 An Cloigeann is a Luach / What Worth the Head.Edited by Evelyn Conlon. Limerick: Limerick County Council, 1998
 Nautilus Literarischer Taschenkalender 1996. Edited by Jürgen Schneider, Hamburg: Nautilus, 1996
 Poems in My Earphone. Collected by John Agard. Harlow, Essex: Longman Literature, 1995
 Hearsay: Performance Poems Plus. Compiled by Paul Beasley. London: Bodley Head Children's Books, 1994
 Ireland's Women: Writings Past and Present.Selected by Katie Donovan, A. Norman Jeffares & Brendan Kennelly. Dublin: Gill & MacMillan, 1994
 The Popular Front of Contemporary Poetry. Edited by Paul Beasley. London: Apples & Snakes, 1992
 I Wouldn't Thank you for a Valentine. Edited by Carol Ann Duffy. London: Viking / Penguin 1992
 The Virago Book of Wicked Verse. Edited by Jill Dawson.London: Virago, 1992
 Irrlandt, Ireland, Irland. ed. Jürgen Schneider. Berlin: Druckhaus Galrev, 1992

Prose and Essay
 Monthly Blog on Website 2012-2020
 Prose piece in New Planet Cabaret, ed. Dave Lordan. Dublin: RTE, 2013
 Essay included in Irish Spirit, ed. Patricia Monahan.Dublin: Wolfhound Press, 2001

References

Irish women poets
1959 births
People from County Limerick
Living people
20th-century Irish poets
21st-century Irish poets
20th-century Irish women writers
21st-century Irish women writers


title: Sir George Trevelyan, 4th Baronet

type: original

texts:
Sir <mask>, 4th Baronet (5 November 1906 – 9 February 1996) was a British educational pioneer and a founding father of the New Age movement. In 1942, after listening to a lecture by Dr Walter Stein, a student of Rudolf Steiner, he transitioned from being agnostic to a new age spiritual thinker, and even studied anthroposophy in the coming years. He first became a History teacher at Gordonstoun School, pioneering radical education methods. After World War II, in 1948, he became the Warden at Attingham Park, a pioneering adult education college in Shropshire, from where he retired in 1971 to found the Wrekin Trust, an educational charity. He was subsequently associated with the Soil Association, the Findhorn Foundation, the Teilhard de Chardin Society and the Essene Network. In the last 15 years of his life he was the focus of many lecture tours and meetings. He also wrote numerous books, including A Vision of the Aquarian Age (1977), Operation Redemption (1981), Summons to a High Crusade (1985) and finally Exploration into God (1991).He was awarded the Right Livelihood Award in 1982 for "educating the adult spirit to a new non-materialistic vision of human nature." Early life and education
Trevelyan was the eldest child of Sir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd Baronet, and Mary Katherine Bell, a younger half-sister of Gertrude Bell and the daughter of Sir Thomas Bell, 2nd Baronet. He was proud of this ancestry, which he imagined linked him to Sir Trevillian, one of King Arthur's knights, who swam ashore on horseback when Lyonesse finally sank. Legend says that Sir Trevillian emerged with a mighty effort from the waves and landed safely on the dry land of Cornwall. He grew up in his family's Northumberland home, Wallington Hall, which his father gave to the National Trust, effectively disinheriting Trevelyan. He studied at Sidcot School, a Quaker school in Somerset. In 1925, he went to read history at Trinity College, Cambridge, in accordance with family tradition.Whilst there he began his 42-year-long association with the famous 'Trevelyan Man Hunt', an extraordinary annual event which involved a chase on foot over the wild Lakeland fells, with human 'hunters' hunting after human 'hares'. This energetic event was started in 1898 by Trevlyan's historian uncle G. M. Trevelyan and the Wynthrop Youngs, and still continues today, as a kind of hide and seek game without dogs or weapons. Career
After leaving Cambridge, Trevelyan went on to teach at Gordonstoun, which at that time was a school pioneering a radical education. Later, he became involved as a teacher of the Alexander Technique for postural integration, and apprenticed himself to a furniture designer and master craftsman in wood, Peter Waals, working at Waals' workshop in the Cotswold hills. Trevelyan himself made many fine pieces of furniture, including a bed in which he finally died, as he wished. In 1931, Trevelyan took the first class F. Matthias Alexander gave for future teachers of the Alexander Technique. In 1942, after hearing a lecture given by Dr Walter Stein, a student of Rudolf Steiner, Trevelyan discovered a spiritual world-view.During his lifetime he explored beliefs in angels, the calming effects of crystals and the power of ley lines, alongside organic farming and communal living. In 1947, after his wartime military service, Trevelyan was appointed Warden and Principal of Attingham Park, an adult training college in Shropshire, where he carried out his pioneering work in the teaching of spiritual knowledge as adult education. The courses ranged from chamber music and drama onto esoteric subjects such as 'Finding the Inner Teacher' and 'Holistic Vision'. The latter attracting large numbers of participants, many of them from other countries as well as Britain. The college was jointly sponsored by the local authority and the University of Birmingham, both of whom looked askance at Trevelyan's attraction towards the mystical; and so it took immense moral courage, for instance, for him to present a course on 'Death and Becoming', a subject that was in those days virtually taboo. He was involved in the establishment of the Findhorn Foundation, the Gatekeeper Trust, and through his friendship with Wellesley Tudor Pole, the Chalice Well and the Lamplighter Movement. In 1971, he set up the Wrekin Trust to promote spiritual education and knowledge

In 1982, he was a recipient of the Right Livelihood Award.Personal life
He married Helen Lindsay-Smith (died 1994) in 1940, and the couple had an adopted daughter. Bibliography
Twelve Seats at the Round Table (written with Edward Matchett) (1976, Neville Spearman)
The Active Eye in Architecture (1977, Wrekin Trust, also illustrated by Trevelyan. Now available online only)
A Tent in Which To Pass A Summer Night (written with Belle Valerie Gaunt) (1977, Coventure)
A Vision of the Aquarian Age (1977, Coventure UK and 1984, Stillpoint USA, now available online only)
Magic Casements – The Use of Poetry in the Expanding of Consciousness (1980, Coventure and republished 1996, Gateway Books, now available online only). Includes poems by various authors, and much of the Trevelyan text previously published in A Tent in Which To Pass A Summer's Night
Operation Redemption: A Vision Of Hope In An Age Of Turmoil (1981, Turnstone)
The Pattern of Initiation in the Evolution of Human Consciousness (written with Peter Dawkins). (Francis Bacon Research Trust, 1981). Summons to a High Crusade (1986, Findhorn Press: 12 of Trevelyan's lectures at the Findhorn Foundation)
Exploration into God: A Personal Quest For Spiritual Unity (1991, Gateway Books, now available online only)
Aquarian Redemption: A Trilogy (1994, Stillpoint. Slipcase bound edition collecting together A Vision Of The Aquarian Age, Operation Redemption & Exploration Into God)
Sir <mask> And The New Spiritual Awakening (biography of Trevelyan by Frances Farrer, 2002, Floris Books)
Awakening Consciousness (selected lectures of Trevelyan compiled by Keith Armstrong, 2008, Godstow Press)

References

External links
Sir <mask> Trevelyan, homepage
 Wrekin Trust, website
Gatekeeper Trust

New Age writers
1906 births
1996 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British furniture designers
Scottish schoolteachers
Findhorn community

masks:
George Lowthian Trevelyan
George Tyan
George


title: Joseph de Flotte

texts:
<mask>'Argenson (Saint-Pierre-d'Argençon, 11 March 1734 – Toulon, 10 September 1792)  was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning a membership in the Society of Cincinnati and the Order of Saint Louis. Biography
Flotte was born to an old noble family from Gap. In 1750, Flotte served as Page to the King, and as Lieutenant in the Régiment de Belzunce in 1753, before joining the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 4 July 1754. He was part of the élite Garde du Pavillon. In 1755, he served on Entreprenant for a mission to Canada in the squadron under <mask> la Motte, and later the same year, on Galatée. He was promoted to Ensign in April 1756, and served in the Eastern Mediterranean.In July, he was appointed to the 64-gun Vaillant, under Choiseul, to support La Galissonière. He then served on the 66-gun Hercule from 9 November to 10 December 1757, and on Oriflamme from 30 January to 17 February 1758, although Oriflamme never managed to get a sufficient complement and cancelled her mission. He then served on the frigate Chimère, tasked with returning Turkish prisoners to Constantinople. In 1759, he was on the 64-gun Modeste, and he took part in the Battle of Lagos on 18 and 19 August. <mask>ste attempted to seek shelter in neutral Portuguese waters, but British admiral Boscawen violated that neutrality and captured Modeste and Souverain. Flotte was taken prisoner but immediately released, and he returned to Toulon commanding the brig Saint Paul. From 1759 to 1763, Flotte served on light units in the Mediterranean, escorting merchantmen and chasing Barbary corsairs.In 1763, he served on Pléïade for a raid against the Salé Rovers. Pléïade patrolled between Oran and Algiers, along with the xebecs Singe and Caméléon. On 15 July 1763, Singe mistakenly engaged a galiot from Algiers, which she mistook for a Salé rover. Pléïade intervened fired two broadsides into the galiot, which sank with all hands before the error was realised. This triggered a diplomatic incident and Captain Fabry had to negotiate a resolution to the crisis. Flotte was promoted to Lieutenant on 27 November 1765. he served on Singe under Suffren, and on Atalante, under Forbin d'Oppède, taking part in the Tunis expedition of 1770. In 1771, he was made a Knight in the Order of Saint-Louis.He cruised the Eastern Mediterranean on the frigate Mignonne between 1773 and 1774,  again under Suffren. On 29 September 1775, Flotte married his cousin Thérèse <mask>. Around that time, started reading the works of Rousseau and adhere to the ideological framework of the Lumières. In 1777, Flotte was given command of a company of naval riflemen on the 64-gun Fantasque, under Suffren, but that unit was replaced by a regular infantry and Flotte did not embark. He was then given his first command, the sloop Éclair. On 3 October 1777, Éclair captured a merchantman laden with British goods, and on 22, a British privateer. In January 1778, while returning from escort duty, Éclair met three British ships, including one privateer.Seeing Éclair preparing to attack, the privateer retreated, leaving two merchantmen unprotected. Éclair promptly captured them. Flotte gave chase to the privateer, but she was a better sailship and managed to escape. In March 1779, Flotte arrived a Toulon with his prizes, and wrote a report to Navy Minister Sartine, complete with suggestions to improve the speed of Éclair that his unsuccessful chase had inspired. On 13 March 1779, <mask> was promoted to Captain, and given commander of the frigate Aurore. He took part in the blockade of Mahón, and captured a neutral Swedish merchantman, we he brought to Toulon. The prize was found unlawful and released.Flotte then cruised off Algiers, where he captured four British privateers, which he brought to Toulon on 20 August. Flotte returned to Algiers, escorting a merchantman. While he was ashore paying a diplomatic visit to the Dey, a four-ship British convoy appeared. Flotte hastily returned to Aurore and gave chase. She soon caught up with her quarries and brought them to Algiers. The British claimed that the capture had occurred in neutral waters and was therefore illegal. Algerian tribunals ruled in favour of the French.In October, Aurore departed Marseille, escorting a 26-ship convoy bound for Martinique, ferrying supplies for the French colonies of the Caribbeans and for the division under Chef d'Escadre Lamotte-Picquet, as well as diplomat Gérard <mask>. On 30 November, off Mahón, he had to repel an attack by five British privateers. Arriving in Saint Lucia channel, the body of water between the islands of Saint Lucia and Martinique, the convoy met a 13-ship British squadron under Admiral <mask>. The British gave chase, and Flotte opened fire, still out of range, as to warn the French forces at Martinique. Lamotte scrambled to cover the escape of the convoy, leading to the Battle of Martinique. After the battle, Governor Bouillé blamed Flotte for choosing Saint Lucie channel over Saint Dominique channel, and consequently Flotte was not among those distinguished for the action. Flotte's mission as captain of Aurore ended on 12 May 1780.In 1781, <mask> was given command of the frigate Lutine, escorting convoys in the Eastern Mediterranean and calling Marseille, Malta, Smyrna and Foilleri. Lutine departed on 7 October, along with Pléïade and Montréal. She arrived at the Golden Horn on 10 November, where Pléïade detached to sail to Thessaloniki with a part of the convoy, and Montréal to Constantinople, while Lutine continued to Smyrna. After waiting for a return convoy to assemble, he departed for Toulon on 21 March, leading 69 merchantmen. Bad weather forced the convoy to seek shelter in Kolori harbour, near Athens. At Athens, Flotte procured supplies for the crew of his convoy. Turkish officials then offered a number of sheep, and in the ensuing exchange of counter-gift, Flotte offered is watch and pistols, and was gifted an antique Classical Greek relief.He departed Athens on 7 May, called Malta on 27, and arrived at Marseille in the evening of 20 June 1782. After returning to Toulon, Flotte reported the acquisition of the relief to Navy Minister Castries, who suggested presenting it to Louis XVI. In August 1782, Flotte was given command of the 74-gun Destin, succeeding Goimpy, and sailed to Cadiz to reinforce the fleet under Córdova. He led a division comprising the 64-gun Provence and Éveillé, and the frigate Précieuse. Flotte was promoted to Brigadier on 1 January 1785. He was given command of the 20-gun corvette Favorite in the Escadre d'évolution, and was present at Cherbourg naval base when Louis XVI visited it in April 1786. Flotte was promoted to Chef de Division in May 1786.He became the commander of the French division off Western Africa until 1787, with his flag on the 40-gun Junon. The division also comprised the frigate Cérès and the cutter Malin, under Lieutenant d'Orvilliers. He departed Rochefort on 14 November 1786. Soon afterwards, a nine-day storm scattered the division. Cérès and Junon regrouped on 21, but Malin did not reappear. She had been wrecked in Bay of Biscay. From January 1787, Flotte made efforts to develop slaving outposts and factories on the coast, but failed.He returned to Toulon after 85 days, on 8 September 1787. By 1 October 1789, Flotte was at Toulon, under <mask> Rions, as general officer commanding the Navy in Toulon. Flotte lead the second Division of the Seventh Squadron. The life of the workers of the arsenal was dire: their pay very low, they were liable to find employment only one out of two or three days, and due to the financial crisis they were also often paid only with delay. The bad harvest of 1789 and harsh winter that year compounded the issue by raising prices, and the ensuing misery yielded unrest. <mask> Rions reacted with rigidity and scorn, alienating the workers, and in December, a riot let to his transfer to Brest. <mask>, who had a reputation as a Liberal, replaced him as commander of the naval forces stationed at Toulon.<mask> was promoted to Contre-amiral on 1 July 1792. On 10 September 1792, rioting workers of the port seized <mask> and hanged him, next to the door of Toulon arsenal. Sources and references
 Notes

References

 Bibliography

  (1671-1870)

External links

French Navy officers
1734 births
1792 deaths

masks:
Joseph de Flotte d
Dubois de
Mode
de Vitalis
Flotte
de Rayneval
Hyde Parker
Flotte
Albert de
Albert de
Flotte
Flotte
Flotte


title: Gubbi Veeranna

texts:
<mask> (1891 – 1972) was an Indian theatre director. He was one of the pioneers and most prolific contributors to Kannada theatre. He established the drama company, Gubbi Sree Channabasaveshwara Nataka Company, which played a crucial role in promoting the Kannada theatre field. He has been conferred the title Nataka Ratna meaning "A Precious Jewel" in the theatre world. Gubbi Veeranna Nataka Company is the first theatre company in Karnataka to employ female artists to portray female characters on the stage. Elephants and horses were also brought on stage in war scenes of Kurukshetra. There is a popular saying that the story of <mask>'s company is itself the story of the Kannada theatre, which indicates the popularity of this company in the theatre world.Apart from theatre, <mask> <mask> has also produced films and acted in them as well. In 1955, he was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award for acting, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama, and the highest Indian recognition given to practising artists. The Government of India awarded him the fourth-highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 1972, for his contributions to arts. Biography
<mask> <mask> was born in the village Gulaganjihalli, Near Gubbi in the Tumkur district of Karnataka in the year 1891. He started a drama company called Gubbi Shree Channa Basaveshwara Nataka Company and started producing plays in which he also acted sometimes. He had four wives, three of them being Sundaramma, Bhadramma and B. Jayamma. He had an unnerving commitment towards the theatre.An incident to corroborate this is when his second wife Sundaramma, who was also an artist with the company, died on the stage while enacting a play. It is said that <mask> <mask> who was also acting in the play along with his children, did not stop the play but allowed it to continue till the end. He and his children attended to her dead body only after the play stopped. <mask> also is credited for having groomed Rajkumar, Narasimharaju, Balakrishna, G.V.Iyer, B. V. Karanth, Master Hirannaiah and many more artists. He not only helped them with their careers in the theatre field but also provided them with other financial help. As an example, <mask> provided a financial contribution towards B. V. Karanth's graduation and master's degree at Banaras Hindu University. <mask> had 37 grandchildren including B. Jayashree and Vyjayanthi Kashi.Theatre company
Initially located in Gubbi, the company started to travel to different places and stage plays in those locations. The company had a troupe of more than 150 artists and backstage workers. Some popular plays staged by the company included Sadaarame and Yechamma Nayaka. These plays consisted of innovations like trick scenes, floods, clouds and rain. In those days, dramas used were staged for free with people only paying according to their liking at the end of the drama. However, <mask> Veeranna's dramas were an exception with people willing to buy tickets to watch them. Most of the actors and actresses that entered the Kannada cinema world in those days were from this drama company.Later the company opened branches in different places. An important branch of the company was the Mysore branch which staged popular plays and the finances generated from this branch actually sustained the whole company. The humorist Hirannaiah was one of the persons responsible for the popularity of the Mysore branch. <mask> <mask>'s company first came to Bangalore in the year 1916. Later <mask> <mask> Veeranna company was Rajkumar. Rajkumar's father Singanallur Puttaswamiah was an actor in the company and Rajkumar and his brother joined the company as child artistes.Rajkumar actually attributed his command over the Kannada language and his singing skills to the training he underwent under the watchful eyes of <mask> <mask>. Film production
<mask> <mask> also started Karnataka Gubbi Productions which was a company to produce films. He first produced Sadarame in 1935, in which he acted in the lead role. The film had C.I.D. Sakunthala, Ashwathama and B. Jayamma in the cast and was directed by Raja Chandrasekar. He then produced Subhadra which had Honnappa Bhagavathar in the lead. In 1942, he produced Jeevana Nataka with Kemraj Urs in the lead.He again acted in the lead role in the film Hemareddy Mallamma, in 1945. He produced Sathya Shodhanai in 1953, which was a Tamil Film and had again starred Honnappa Bhagavathar. Karnataka Gubbi Productions was later called as The Karnataka Films Ltd., it is attributed to have started the film career of Rajkumar when it agreed to offer him the lead role in his first film Bedara Kannappa. He has also produced silent movies like His Love Affair which was directed by a foreigner, Raphel Algoet. In this film, the lead role of the actor was played by <mask> Veeranna himself and the actress was none other than his wife, Jayamma. In 1956, he produced Sadaarme, which had T.N. Balakrishna in lead and also had Kalyan Kumar.It was the remake of 1936 movie with the same name. In 1959, he produced Sahodhari, a Tamil Film which had K. Balaji in the Lead. Filmography

Recognition
The Karnataka government has instituted the Gubbi Veeranna award for excellence in theatre in his memory. Notes

Indian theatre directors
1890 births
1974 deaths
People from Tumkur
Kannada dramatists and playwrights
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Male actors in Kannada cinema
Indian male film actors
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Male actors from Karnataka
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Dramatists and playwrights from Karnataka
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
20th-century Indian male actors
Film producers from Karnataka
Kannada film producers
20th-century Indian male writers

masks:
Gubbi Hampanna Veeranna
Gubbi Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Veeranna
Veeranna
Veeranna
Gubbi
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veerannabi
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi
Veeranna
Gubbi


title: Terry Gilliam

texts:
<mask> (; born 22 November 1940) is an American-born British film director, screenwriter, animator, actor, comedian and former member of the Monty Python comedy troupe. <mask> has directed 13 feature films, including Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), The Brothers Grimm (2005), Tideland (2005), and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009). The only Monty Python member not born in Britain, he became a naturalised British subject in 1968 and formally renounced his American citizenship in 2006. <mask> was born in Minnesota, but spent his high school and college years in Los Angeles. He started his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. He joined Monty Python as the animator of their works, but eventually became a full member and was given acting roles. He became a feature film director in the 1970s.Most of his films explore the theme of imagination and its importance to life, express his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarianism, and feature characters facing dark or paranoid situations. His own scripts feature black comedy and tragicomedic elements, as well as surprise endings. In 1988, <mask> and the other Monty Python members received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema. In 2009, <mask> received the BAFTA Fellowship for lifetime achievement. Early life
<mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Beatrice (née Vance) and James Hall <mask>. His father was a travelling salesman for Folgers before becoming a carpenter. Soon after, they moved to nearby Medicine Lake, Minnesota.In 1952, the family moved to the Los Angeles neighborhood of Panorama City. <mask> attended Birmingham High School, where he was the president of his class and senior prom king, and was voted "Most Likely to Succeed" having achieved straight A grades. During high school, he began to avidly read Mad magazine, then edited by Harvey Kurtzman, which would later influence <mask>'s work. <mask> graduated from Occidental College in 1962 with a Bachelor of Arts in political science. In 2003 he told Salman Rushdie about defining experiences in the 1960s that set the foundations for his views on the world:

Career

Animation
<mask> began his career as an animator and strip cartoonist. One of his early photographic strips for the US magazine Help! featured future Python cast member John Cleese.When Help! folded, <mask> went to Europe, jokingly announcing in the final issue that he was "being transferred to the European branch" of the magazine, which did not exist. Moving to England, he animated sequences for the children's series Do Not Adjust Your Set which ran from 1967 to 1969, and which also featured Eric Idle, <mask>, and Michael Palin. Monty Python

<mask> was a member of Monty Python's Flying Circus from its outset, credited at first as an animator (his name was listed separately after the other five in the closing credits) and later as a full member. His cartoons linked the show's sketches together and defined the group's visual language in other media, such as LP and book covers and the title sequences of their films. His animations mix his own art, characterised by soft gradients and odd, bulbous shapes, with backgrounds and moving cutouts from antique photographs, mostly from the Victorian era. In 1978, <mask> published Animations of Mortality, an illustrated, tongue-in-cheek, semi-autobiographical how-to guide to his animation techniques and the visual language in them.<mask> co-directed Monty Python and the Holy Grail with <mask>; <mask> was responsible for photography, while Jones guided the actors' performances. He also appeared in several sketches, though he rarely had main roles and did considerably less acting in the sketches. <mask> did, however, have some notable sketch roles, such as Cardinal Fang of the Spanish Inquisition; the bespectacled commenter who said, "I can't add anything to that!" in the sketch "Election Night Special"; Kevin Garibaldi, the brat on the couch shouting "I want more beans!" in the sketch "Most Awful Family in Britain 1974" (episode 45); the Screaming Queen in a cape and mask in "The Visitors"; and Percy Bysshe Shelley in "Ant Poetry Reading". More frequently, he played parts that no one else wanted to play, generally because they required a lot of makeup or uncomfortable costumes, such as a recurring knight in armour who ended sketches by walking on and hitting one of the other characters over the head with a plucked chicken. He took a number of  roles in the films, including both Patsy and The Old Man From Scene 24 in Monty Python and the Holy Grail and the jailer in Monty Python's Life of Brian.He also designed the covers of most of the Monty Python albums, including Another Monty Python Record, The Monty Python Matching Tie and Handkerchief, Monty Python Live at Drury Lane, and all of their film soundtrack albums. Katy Hepburn, a freelance designer and graduate of the Royal College of Art in London, also worked with <mask>. Directing

With the gradual breakup of the Python troupe between Life of Brian in 1979 and The Meaning of Life in 1983, <mask> became a screenwriter and director, building upon the experience he had acquired during the making of Monty Python and the Holy Grail. He says he used to think of his films in terms of trilogies, starting with Time Bandits: the "Trilogy of Imagination" (written by <mask>) about "the ages of man" in Time Bandits (1981), Brazil (1985), and The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988). All are about the "craziness of our awkwardly ordered society and the desire to escape it through whatever means possible." All three movies focus on these struggles and attempts to escape them through imagination; Time Bandits through the eyes of a child, Brazil through the eyes of a man in his thirties, and Munchausen, through the eyes of an elderly man. In the summer of 1986, he cut away ties from Arnon Milchan and 20th Century Fox started directing the latter through his own new Prominent Films banner independently.In the 1990s, <mask> directed a trilogy of Americana: The Fisher King (1991), 12 Monkeys (1995), and Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), which played on North American soil and, while still surreal, had fewer fantastical plots than his previous trilogy. Themes and philosophy

As for his philosophical background in screenwriting and directing, <mask> said on the TV show First Hand on RoundhouseTV, "There's so many film schools, so many media courses which I actually am opposed to. Because I think it's more important to be educated, to read, to learn things, because if you're gonna be in the media and if you'll have to say things, you have to know things. If you only know about cameras and 'the media', what're you gonna be talking about except cameras and the media? So it's better learning about philosophy and art and architecture [and] literature, these are the things to be concentrating on it seems to me. Then, you can fly...!" <mask>'s films are usually imaginative fantasies.His long-time co-writer Charles McKeown commented, "the theme of imagination, and the importance of imagination, to how you live and how you think and so on ... that's very much a <mask> theme." Most of <mask>'s films include plotlines that seem to occur partly or completely in the characters' imaginations, raising questions about the definition of identity and sanity. He often shows his opposition to bureaucracy and authoritarian regimes. He also distinguishes "higher" and "lower" layers of society, with a disturbing and ironic style. His films usually feature a fight or struggle against a great power which may be an emotional situation, a human-made idol, or even the person himself, and the situations do not always end happily. There is often a dark, paranoid atmosphere and unusual characters who used to be normal members of society. His scripts feature black comedy and often end with a dark tragicomic twist.<mask> is fascinated with the Baroque period because of the pronounced struggle between spirituality and rationality in that era. There is often a rich baroqueness and dichotomous eclecticism about his films, with, for instance, high-tech computer monitors equipped with low-tech magnifying lenses in Brazil and a red knight covered with flapping bits of cloth in The Fisher King. He also is given to incongruous juxtapositions of beauty and ugliness or antique and modern. Regarding <mask>'s theme of modernity's struggle between spirituality and rationality whereas the individual may become dominated by a tyrannical, soulless machinery of disenchanted society, the film critic Keith James Hamel observed a specific affinity of <mask>'s films with the writings of the historian Arnold Toynbee and the sociologist Max Weber, specifically the latter's concept of the "iron cage" of rationality. Look and style

<mask>'s films have a distinctive look, not only in mise-en-scène but even more so in photography, often recognisable from just a short clip; to create a surreal atmosphere of psychological unrest and a world out of balance, he frequently uses unusual camera angles, particularly low-angle shots, high-angle shots, and Dutch angles. Roger Ebert said that "his world is always hallucinatory in its richness of detail". Most of his movies are shot almost entirely with rectilinear ultra-wide-angle lenses with focal lengths of 28 mm or less to achieve a distinctive style defined by extreme perspective distortion and extremely deep focus.<mask>'s long-time director of photography Nicola Pecorini has said, "with <mask> and me, a long lens means something between a 40 mm and a 65 mm." This attitude markedly differs from the common definition in photography, by which 40 to 65 mm is the focal length of a normal lens, resembling the natural human field of view, unlike <mask>'s signature style, defined by extreme perspective distortion due to his usual choice of focal length. The 14 mm lens has become informally known as "The Gilliam" among filmmakers because of his frequent use of it at least since Brazil. <mask> has explained his preference for using wide-angle lenses in his films:

In another interview, <mask> mentioned, in relation to the 9.8 mm Kinoptic lens he had first used on Brazil, that wide-angle lenses make small film sets "look big". The widest lens he has used so far is an 8 mm Zeiss lens employed in filming The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Production problems

<mask> has made a few extremely expensive movies beset with production problems. After the lengthy quarrelling with Universal Studios over Brazil, <mask>'s next picture, The Adventures of Baron Munchausen, cost around US$46 million, and then earned only about US$8 million in US ticket sales.The film saw no wide domestic release from Columbia Pictures, which was in the process of being sold at the time. In the mid-1990s, <mask> and Charles McKeown developed a script for Time Bandits 2, a project that was never produced because several of the original actors had died. <mask> also attempted to direct a version of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities, which collapsed due to disagreements over its budget and the choice of a lead actor. <mask> attempted twice to adapt Alan Moore's Watchmen comics into a film, in 1989 and 1996. Both attempts were unsuccessful. <mask> said it was unfilmable. In 1999, <mask> attempted to film The Man Who Killed Don Quixote, budgeted at US$32.1 million, among the highest-budgeted films to use only European financing; but in the first week of shooting, the actor playing Don Quixote (Jean Rochefort) suffered a herniated disc, and a flood severely damaged the set.The film was cancelled, resulting in an insurance claim of US$15 million. Despite the cancellation, the aborted project did yield the documentary Lost in La Mancha, produced from film from a second crew that had been hired by <mask> to document the making of Quixote. After the cancellation, both <mask> and the film's co-lead, Johnny Depp, wanted to revive the project. The insurance company involved in the failed first attempt withheld the rights to the screenplay for several years but the production was restarted in 2008. From 2002 to 2006, <mask> tried to get funding for an adaptation of Good Omens, by <mask> and Neil Gaiman, with Robin Williams and Johnny Depp rumored as possible stars, but movie studios found the apocalyptic theme unacceptable in the wake of the 9/11 terror attacks, and funding never materialized. More recently, unforeseeable problems again befell a <mask> project when the actor Heath Ledger died in New York City during the filming of The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. Abandoned clip art project
Fifteen years after the publication of <mask>'s Animations of Mortality, between the release of the CD-ROM game Monty Python's Complete Waste of Time in 1994, which used many of <mask>'s animation templates, and the making of <mask>'s film Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), <mask> was in negotiations with Enteractive, a software company, to tentatively release in the autumn of 1996 a CD-ROM under the same title as his 1978 book, containing all of his thousands of 1970s animation templates as license-free clip arts for people to create their own flash animations, but the project hovered in limbo for years, probably because Enteractive was about to downsize greatly in mid-1996 and changed its focus from CD-ROM multimedia presentations to internet business solutions and web hosting in 1997 (in the introduction to their 2004 book <mask>iam: Interviews, David Sterrit and Lucille Rhodes claimed that the internet had overwhelmed the "computer-communications market" and gave this as the reason that the Animations of Mortality CD-ROM never materialised).Around the time of <mask>'s film The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (2009), the project had changed into the idea of releasing his 1970s animation templates as a license-free download of Adobe After Effects or similar files. Box office
<mask>'s first successful feature, Time Bandits (1981), earned more than eight times its original budget in the United States alone. The Adventures of Baron Munchausen (1988), although commercially unsuccessful, was nominated for four Oscars and won three BAFTA Awards, among several other Prizes in Europe. The Fisher King (1991), his first film not to feature a member of the Monty Python troupe, had a budget of $24 million and grossed more than $41 million at United States box office. 12 Monkeys grossed more than US$168 million worldwide. The Brothers Grimm, despite a mixed critical reception, grossed over US$105 million worldwide. The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, with a budget of $30 million, has been an international commercial success, grossing over $60 million in worldwide theatrical release.According to Box Office Mojo, his films have grossed an average of $21,602,510. Recurring collaborators
<mask>

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Terrence Vance Gilliam
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title: Terry Gilliam

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 has worked frequently with actors Heath Ledger, Jeff Bridges, Brad Pitt, Johnny Depp, Robin Williams, Christopher Plummer, Katherine Helmond, and Jonathan Pryce. <mask> and Harry Potter
J. K. Rowling, the author of the Harry Potter series, is a fan of <mask>'s work. Consequently, he was Rowling's first choice to direct Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone in 2000, but Warner Bros. ultimately chose Chris Columbus for the job. In response to this decision, <mask> said that "I was the perfect guy to do Harry Potter. I remember leaving the meeting, getting in my car, and driving for about two hours along Mulholland Drive just so angry. I mean, Chris Columbus' versions are terrible.Just dull. Pedestrian." In 2006, <mask> said that he found Alfonso Cuarón's Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban to be "really good... much closer to what I would've done." In retrospect, however, <mask> has stated that he wouldn't have liked to direct any Potter film. In a 2005 interview with Total Film, he said that he would not enjoy working on such an expensive project because of interference from studio executives. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1, director David Yates paid homage to <mask>'s 1985 film Brazil, portraying the Death Eater–infiltrated Ministry of Magic in a fashion reminiscent of <mask>'s totalitarian bureaucracy. Secret Tournament
In 2002, <mask> directed a series of television advertisements called "Secret Tournament".Part of Nike's 2002 FIFA World Cup campaign, the advertisements feature a secret three-on-three tournament between the world's best football players, including Ronaldo, Ronaldinho and Thierry Henry, who are inside a huge tanker ship. The advertisements are accompanied with a remixed version of the Elvis Presley song "A Little Less Conversation". Slava's Diabolo

In 2006, <mask> directed the stage show Slava's Diabolo, created and staged by the Russian clown artist Slava Polunin. The show combined Polunin's clown style, characterised by deep nonverbal expression and interaction with the audience, with <mask>'s rich visuals and surrealistic imagery. The show premiered at the Noga Hall of the Gesher Theatre in Jaffa, Israel. The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus
The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, directed and co-written by <mask>, was released in 2009. In January 2007, <mask> announced that he had been working on a new project with his writing partner Charles McKeown.One day later, the fansite Dreams reported that the new project was titled The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus. In October 2007, Dreams confirmed that this would be <mask>'s next project and was slated to star Christopher Plummer and Tom Waits. Production began in December 2007 in London. On 22 January 2008, production of the film was disrupted following the death of Heath Ledger in New York City. Variety reported that Ledger's involvement had been a "key factor" in the film's financing. Production was suspended indefinitely by 24 January, but in February the actors Johnny Depp, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell signed on to continue Ledger's role, transforming into multiple incarnations of his character in the "magical" world of the film. Thanks to this arrangement the principal photography was completed on 15 April 2008, on schedule.Editing was completed in November 2008. According to the official ParnassusFilm Twitter channel launched on 30 March 2009, the film's post-production FX work finished on 31 March. During the filming, <mask> was accidentally hit by a bus and suffered a broken back. The film had successful screenings including a premiere at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival. The UK release for the film was scheduled for 6 June 2009 but was pushed back to 16 October 2009. The USA release was on 25 December 2009. Eventually, this $30 million-budgeted film had grossed more than $60 million in worldwide theatrical release and received two Academy Award nominations.The film's end credit states that the film is dedicated to the memories of Ledger and William Vince. Depp, Farrell, and Law donated their proceeds from the film to Ledger's daughter. The Zero Theorem
In July 2012, <mask> revealed plans for a film which would be shot in Bucharest, Romania. He denied that it would be Don Quixote but refused to give any further details. The actor David Walliams reportedly entered into talks with <mask> to play a part in it and was told that he'd have to "be willing to work with Johnny Depp and fly to Bucharest where the movie is to be filmed." Depp, to that point, had made no mention of his involvement but was seen in Bucharest around the same time in mid-July as Romanian news outlets reported <mask> was staying in the city for negotiations on studio work with the Romanian film production company MediaPro Studios. On 13 August 2012, this project was announced to be The Zero Theorem, set to start shooting in Bucharest on 22 October, produced by Dean Zanuck (son of the late Richard D. Zanuck, who was originally to produce the film in 2009), with worldwide sales handled by Voltage Pictures, Toronto, and starring the Academy Award–winner Christoph Waltz in the lead (replacing Billy Bob Thornton, who had been attached to the project in 2009).The Zero Theorem premiered at the 70th Venice International Film Festival on 2 September 2013. Opera director
<mask> made his opera debut at London's English National Opera (ENO) in May 2011, directing The Damnation of Faust, by Hector Berlioz. The production received positive reviews in the British press On 16 September 2012, the production opened at the Vlaamse Opera in Ghent, Belgium, in the opera's original French-language version and received praise from critics and audiences alike. After a number of performances in Ghent, the production moved to the opera house in Antwerp for sold-out run of performances. In June 2014, <mask> followed up on his success with Faust with a new ENO production of another opera by Berlioz, the rarely performed Benvenuto Cellini. Projects in development or shelved

<mask> has several projects in various states of development, including an adaptation of Neil Gaiman's and <mask>'s comic fantasy novel Good Omens. Other projects <mask> has been trying to get off the ground since the 1990s are an adaptation of Charles Dickens's A Tale of Two Cities (starring Mel Gibson); an adaptation of Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, which has been adapted as films several times before; and a script entitled The Defective Detective, which <mask> wrote with Richard LaGravenese (who wrote The Fisher King).While promoting the US theatrical release of The Zero Theorem, <mask> revealed he and LaGravenese were meeting to see if The Defective Detective script could be made into a miniseries. If this comes together, it would be the first time <mask> has ever directed for television. Stanley Kubrick had <mask> in mind to direct a sequel to Dr. Strangelove (1964). <mask> also turned down offers to direct such films as Enemy Mine (1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), Forrest Gump (1994) and Braveheart (1995). He was even considered to direct The Truman Show (1998). <mask> confirmed in a 2018 interview that he turned down the offer to direct one of the sequels to Alien (1979), though he did not specify which one of them. It was rumoured that <mask> may direct or be involved in the production of the animated band Gorillaz movie.In a September 2006 interview with Uncut, Damon Albarn was reported to have said, "we're making a film. We've got <mask> involved." However, in a more recent interview with Gorillaz-Unofficial, Jamie Hewlett, the co-creator of the band, stated that since the time of the previous interview, Damon's and his own interest in the film had lessened. In an August 2008 Observer interview, Gorillaz band members Albarn and Hewlett revealed the nature and title of the project, Journey to the West, a film adaptation of the opera of the same name, based on a 16th-century Chinese adventure story also known as Monkey. In January 2008, while on set of The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, <mask> stated that he was looking forward to the project, "But I'm still waiting to see a script!" The Man Who Killed Don Quixote
After regaining the rights to the screenplay of The Man Who Killed Don Quixote, <mask> restarted preproduction in 2008, with Johnny Depp still attached to the project. The film was to be reshot completely, with Rochefort's role recast.Michael Palin reportedly entered into talks with <mask> about stepping in for Rochefort and playing Don Quixote. However, <mask> revealed on the Canadian talk show The Hour on 17 December 2009 that Robert Duvall had been cast to play Quixote, before the film was postponed once again. In January 2014, <mask> wrote on Facebook that "Dreams of Don Quixote have begun again". At the Cannes Film Festival in 2016, it was confirmed that The Man Who Killed Don Quixote was going to be made, with Michael Palin and Adam Driver in starring roles. In March 2017, filming finally began, with Driver and Jonathan Pryce starring. On 4 June 2017, <mask> announced that the shooting of the film was complete. The film premiered on 19 May 2018 as the closing film of the 2018 Cannes Film Festival (where it received a standing ovation), and was released in French theatres the same day.Future projects

On 16 December 2010, Variety reported that <mask> was to "godfather" a film called 1884, described as an animated steampunk parody of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, with several former Pythons lending their voices to the project; <mask> was to be credited as "creative advisor". During the second half of 2011, <mask> and Paul Auster wrote a screenplay for a film adaptation of Auster's novel Mr. Vertigo.<ref>Fischer, Russ (2011). [https://www.slashfilm.com/terry-gilliam-crafting-script-based-paul-auster-mr-vertigo/ "<mask> Crafting a Script Based on Paul Auster Novel 'Mr. Vertigo"] Slashfilm.com. 28 July 2011</ref> In June 2018, <mask> announced at the Brussels International Film Festival that he was working again on Mr. Vertigo, and that it might be his next film, and that he had Ralph Fiennes attached to star in it.Franklin, Garth (2018). "<mask>'s Next Could Be "Mr. Vertigo"". Dark Horizons.1 July 2018. As of 2014 he was in talks to make his first animated feature film with Laika, the studio behind Coraline and ParaNorman. In October 2015, in a webchat hosted by The Guardian, <mask> announced that he was working on "a TV series based on Time Bandits" and "another based on a script by Richard LaGravanese and I wrote after Fisher King, called The Defective Detective". Charitable activities
<mask> has been involved with a number of charitable and humanitarian causes. In 2009, he became a board member of Videre Est Credere (Latin for "to see is to believe"), a UK human rights charity. Videre describes itself as giving "local activists the equipment, training and support needed to safely capture compelling video evidence of human rights violations. This captured footage is verified, analysed and then distributed to those who can create change."He participates alongside movie producer Uri Fruchtmann, music producer Brian Eno and executive director of Greenpeace UK John Sauven. Personal life
<mask> has been married to British makeup artist Maggie Weston since 1973. She worked on Monty Python's Flying Circus, many of the Python films, and <mask>'s films up to The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. They have three children: Amy Rainbow (born 1978), Holly Dubois (born October 1980) and Harry Thunder (born 3 April 1988), who have also appeared in or worked on several of his films. In 1968, <mask> obtained British citizenship. He held dual American and British citizenship for the next 38 years, until he renounced his American citizenship in January 2006. In an interview with Der Tagesspiegel, he described the action as a protest against then-President George W. Bush, and in an earlier interview with The A.V.Club, he also indicated that it was related to concerns about future tax liability for his wife and children. As a result of renouncing his citizenship, <mask> was permitted to spend 30 days each year in the United States over the next 10 years, "less than any European". Holly followed suit, renouncing her American citizenship in 2017. He maintains a residence in Italy near the Umbria–Tuscany border. He has been instrumental in establishing the annual Umbria Film Festival, held in the nearby town of Montone. <mask> also resides in Highgate, London. In 2009, <mask> signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.On 8 September 2015, Variety mistakenly published a false obituary claiming that <mask> had died. In May 2018, <mask> suffered a perforated medullary artery that was erroneously reported in the media as a stroke. The Man Who Killed Don Quixote (2018)
 Magritte Award for Best Foreign Film in Coproduction
 An asteroid, 9619 <mask>iam, is named in his honour. <mask> was given the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 2009 for his contribution to motion picture arts. <mask> was also given a BAFTA Special Award in 1969 for the graphics and animations in Monty Python's Flying Circus. <mask> was awarded the Fellowship of the Kermodes, by film critic Mark Kermode. <mask> was honoured with the Director with Unique Visual Sensitivity Award'' at the Camerimage film festival in Łódź, Poland in 2009.Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
 Knight (2013)
 Raindance Film Festival announced on 13 August 2018 that he would be the next recipient of its Auteur Award for his contribution to UK film. Inkpot Award (2009)

References

Further reading

External links

 Dreams: The Terry Gilliam Fanzine

1940 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
20th-century British comedians
21st-century American comedians
21st-century British comedians
Animators from Minnesota
British animators
British film directors
American animated film directors
British male actors
American male comedians
British male comedians
American comics artists
British comics artists
British male comedy actors
American male comedy actors
American comedy writers
British comedy writers
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
BAFTA fellows
British opera directors
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Copywriters
Inkpot Award winners
Album-cover and concert-poster artists
Fantasy film directors
Science fiction film directors
Film directors from Minnesota
Male actors from Minneapolis
Monty Python members
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Occidental College alumni
People from Hennepin County, Minnesota
People from Panorama City, Los Angeles
Former United States citizens
Stop motion animators
Film directors from Los Angeles
American surrealist artists
British surrealist artists
Surrealist filmmakers
Science fiction fans
Birmingham High School

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title: Resh (Malaysian singer)

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Hiresh Haridas (born 26 May 1976 in Malacca), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a singer-songwriter from Malaysia who does mostly English songs. He is known for songs such as "Walk Away", "Cintaku Pergi", "Hey Waley" and "Superfine". He is of Malayali descent. In July 2015, he rebranded himself as just <mask>monu" was a part of his "coming-of-age" process. He is among a small number of Malaysian artists who have consistently performed as an opening act for internationally acclaimed acts touring in Malaysia, such as Alicia Keys, Prodigy, Pussycat Dolls and Black Eoas. He also has a notable following in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore and the Philippines. Career

2003–2008: Breakthrough
<mask>u released his debut album, Monumental, in 2003 under Dhanosh Records, after taking four years to complete.The album impressed critics and fans with hit singles "Walk Away", "Like This", "Pirivu" and "It's You That Matters". The album earned him seven Anugerah Industri Muzik nominations in 2004, of which he won three awards (Best Male Vocals, Best New English Artist, Best Engineering for an Album). "It's You That Matters" was remade in Mandarin by Evonne Hsu, titled "Wǒ yào qīng qīng wèi nǐ chàng shǒu gē" (, "I Wanna Sing a Song For You"). <mask>u subsequently released a repackaged album under Sony BMG entitled Monumental – The Journey Continues in December 2004 which included "Kiranya Tiada Lagi" (the Malay version of "Walk Away") and the chart topping hit "Hey Waley". Universal Music Malaysia took an interest in <mask>u and, in 2007, collaborated with him to release his third Malaysian English album entitled Superfine, with a gala live outdoor concert at The Curve, Kota Damansara. Over 5,000 fans, representatives from the media and members of the local corporate and music fraternities attended. Among the singles from Superfine were "Superfine" (the title track) and "The Way It Makes You Move".2008–2013
<mask> made his directorial debut on his second music video for "The Way It Makes You Move", the second single from the album "Superfine". This earned him a nomination in the 2008 AIM Awards under the ‘Best Music Video’ Award category. <mask> launched his first fully Bahasa Melayu album, titled Harapan in 2009, for which he gained the award for Best Engineered Album in the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik held that year. This album, which was published exclusively on his own online record label R Records, consists of twelve tracks with a various mixture of Samba, Latin and many more Afro-Latin themes. This album featured collaborations with other homegrown names such as Noryn Aziz, Hunny Madu, Caprice, Adeep from Fabulous Cats and Mawar Berduri from Ahli Fiqir. In 2010, <mask>u released his first Tamil language single "Theendathey", which gained him popularity among Malaysia's Tamil community. Following the success of "Theendathey", <mask>u followed suit with establishing vocal group ‘Ashtaka’ and a full-length LP titled Ashtaka that serviced the Indian music industry throughout 2012.Entrepreneur
<mask> set up his own record label ‘R Records’; his own commercial recording studio called Shugar; and a video production house called Shpice to cater to artists/musicians/agencies who need audio/video production services. He then set up R Talents, which he is currently managing himself as well as artists such as sports announcer Roshan (Football Overload), TV host and radio personality Phat Fabes, Ashtaka, Beauty Queen, Nigerian rapper King Stunna and DJ Nadine Ann Thomas and indie singer-songwriter, Ain Zulkifly. 2015: Re-branding as Resh
In July 2015, he rebranded himself as "Resh", complete with a new image. <mask> cites that the name <mask>u is a part of "coming-of-age" process. He collaborated with Timbaland's protege Jim Beanz of Sunset Entertainment Group to produce his new EP "Who Am I". The album features six tracks and the first single of the album; "Half The Man" was released in October 2015. The track shot to No.1 on Hitz FM's Malaysian English Top 10 (or MET10) charts within its first week of release. Discography

Filmography

Accolades

Raaga Radio Awards
The awards show is organised by radio station THR Raaga. Nominated for Most Popular Artiste at the Raaga Radio Awards held at Stadium Putra on 9 October 2010. Anugerah Planet Muzik
 Nominated for Best Artiste Award at the Anugerah Planet Muzik Awards 2009, held in Jakarta on 18 July 2009. Anugerah Industri Muzik
 Awarded Best Engineered Album for Harapan at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009. Nominated for Best Music Video Awards for "Oh Anok-Anok" at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009. Nominated for Best Pop Album Awards for Harapan at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009.Nominated for Best Male Vocal in A Song for "Doa Untuk Dia" at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009. Nominated for Best Male Vocal in A Song for "Sayu" at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009,e held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009. Nominated for Best Engineered Album Awards for Harapan at the 16th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2009, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 2 May 2009. Nominated for Best Music Video Awards for "The Way It Makes You Move" at the 15th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2008, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 3 May 2008. Awarded Best Male Vocalist Award for the Superfine LP at the 14th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2007, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 28 April 2007. Nominated for Best Male Vocalist, Best Local English Album and Best Album Cover Awards for Superfine at the 14th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2007, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 28 April 2007. Nominated for Best Male Vocalist, Best Local English Album and Best Album Cover Awards for Superfine at the 14th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2007, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 28 April 2007.Awarded Best Vocal Performance in an Album (Male) Award for Monumental at the 11th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2004, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 24 April 2004. Awarded Best New Local English Artiste Award for Monumental at the 11th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2004, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 24 April 2004. Awarded Best Engineered Album for Monumental at the 11th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2004, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 24 April 2004. Nominated for Best Vocal Performance in an Album (Male) Award, Best New English Artist; Best Local English Album; Best Engineered Album, Best Music Video (two nominations) and Best Album Cover Awards for Monumental at the 11th Anugerah Industri Muzik Awards Malaysia 2004, held at The Putra World Trade Centre on 24 April 2004. Hitz.fm Malaysian Top Ten Awards
 Nominated for Best Live Act Award category in the Hitz.fm Malaysian Top Ten Awards 2006. Won Best Pop/Dance Award 2005 Hitz FM Malaysian English Top 10 Awards 2005 for "It's You That Matters". Also nominated in Best Pop/Dance Award category for "Like This" in the Hitz.fm Malaysian Top Ten Awards 2005.Also nominated in the Best Urban Award category for ‘Walkaway’ in the Hitz.fm Malaysian Top Ten Awards 2005. Won the following two Best Music Video Awards 2005 at the 10th Malaysian Video Awards 2005 for Monumental -The Journey Continues: Silver Award for "Kiranya Tiada Lagi" and Bronze Award for "Hey Waley". Malaysian Video Awards
 Won the following two Best Music Video Awards 2005 at the 10th Malaysian Video Awards 2005 for Monumental - The Journey Continues. Finalist for Best Music Video Award for "Like This" Music Video at the 9th Malaysian Video Awards [MVA] held on 17 September 2004 at Budaba Kuala Lumpur. Awarded "gold" for "Walk Away (Slow Jam Jam)" Music Video at the 8th Malaysian Video Awards held at Orange Club on 12 September 2003. Awarded joint "silver" for "Cintaku Pergi" Music Video at the 8th Malaysian Video Awards [MVA] held on 12 September 2003. Anugerah Era
 Nominated for "Artist Inggeris Tempatan Terbaik" (Best English Artist) at Anugerah Era 2005.Nominated for "Artist Inggeris Tempatan Terbaik" (Best English Artist) at Anugerah Era 2004. Nominated for "Artist Inggeris Tempatan Terbaik" (Best English Artist) at Anugerah Era 2003. Anugerah Juara Lagu
 Nominated For TV3 Juara Lagu 2004 Award for "Cintaku Pergi" music video. Other awards
 Nominated as best dressed celebrity at the ‘MIFA 2004’ Malaysian International Fashion Awards

Other activities
 2004 – 2005 ‘Hotlink’ ambassador
 2005 – 2006 Celebrity partner for United Nations’ UNDP SGP PTF
 2008 – Donates his Winnings of RM 38,000.00 on the popular TV show Deal or No Deal towards a charitable Soup Kitchen; producer & voice behind NTV7's anniversary campaign song; one of the many artiste involved in MAFU (Malaysian Artiste for Unity) song titled ‘Here in My Home’
 2004 to 2012 – Celebrity Model for Designers Daniel Cho of KWAN, Key Ng and Bon Zainal for M.I.F.A (Malaysian International Fashion Awards)
 2009 – WWF's Earth Hour Ambassador; involved in the latest Kementerian Belia Dan Sukan Campaign Theme Song and Music Video
 2010 to 2012 – Involved in PEMANDU's campaign for Government Transformation Program
 2012 – Perform for King's Coronation at Dataran Merdeka

References

External links
Official website
 Reshmonu goes global, NST Online, 2 May 2013
 Reshmonu Artis Malaysia Pertama Diterima Rakam Album Bersama Jim Beanz, ohbulan! 24 April 2013
 Reshmonu Bakal Terbit Album di Amerika Syarikat, gua.com.my, 24 April 2013
 Reshmonu bakal kerjasama dengan Jim Beanz, penerbit terkenal Amerika Syarikat, Trekselebriti, 23 April 2013

1976 births
Living people
Malaysian male singer-songwriters
Malaysian singer-songwriters
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian people of Malayali descent
Malayali people
Malay-language singers
English-language singers from Malaysia
Malaysian rhythm and blues singers
Malaysian soul singers
Malaysian hip hop singers

masks: Reshmonu Reshsh Reshmon Reshmon Reshmon Reshmonu Reshmonu Reshmon Reshmon Reshmonu Resh Reshmon


title: Prescott Bush

texts:
<mask> (May 15, 1895 – October 8, 1972) was an American banker   as a Wall Street executive investment banker, he represented Connecticut in the  from 1952   of the <mask> family, he was the father of former Vice President and President , and the paternal grandfather of former Texas Governor and President  and former Florida Governor

Born in Columbus, Ohio, <mask> graduated from Yale College and served as an artillery officer during World War I. After the war, he worked for several companies, becoming a minor partner of the A. Harriman & Co. investment bank in 1931. He served in several high-ranking United States Golf Association offices, including president of that organization. <mask> settled in Connecticut in 1925. <mask> won election to the Senate in a 1952 special election, narrowly defeating Democratic nominee Abraham Ribicoff. In the Senate, <mask> staunchly supported President Dwight D. Eisenhower and helped enact legislation to create the Interstate Highway System. <mask> won re-election in 1956 but declined to seek re-election in 1962, retiring from the Senate the following year.Early life
<mask> was born in Columbus, Ohio, to <mask> <mask> and Flora Sheldon <mask>. <mask> was a railroad middle manager, then a steel company president and, during World War I, also a federal government official in charge of coordination of and assistance to major weapons contractors. <mask> attended St. George's School in Middletown, Rhode Island, from 1908–1913. In 1913, he enrolled at Yale College, where his paternal grandfather, Rev. James Smith <mask> (class of 1844), and his maternal uncle Robert E. Sheldon Jr. (class of 1904) had matriculated. Three subsequent generations of the <mask> family have been Yale alumni. <mask> was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity and Skull and Bones secret society.George H. W<mask> was also a member of the society, as is his son, George W<mask>. George H. W<mask> and <mask> were, however, not members of Zeta Psi, and were members, instead, of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. According to Skull and Bones lore, <mask> was among a group of Bonesmen who dug up and removed the skull of Geronimo from his grave at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in 1918. According to historian David L. Miller, the Bonesmen probably dug up somebody at Fort Sill, but not Geronimo. <mask> was a cheerleader, played varsity golf
and baseball, and was president of the Yale Glee Club. After graduation, <mask> served as a field artillery captain with the American Expeditionary Forces (1917–1919) during World War I. He received intelligence training at Verdun, France, and was briefly assigned to a staff of French officers.Alternating between intelligence and artillery, he came under fire in the Meuse-Argonne offensive. Business career
After his discharge in 1919, <mask> went to work for the Simmons Hardware Company in St. Louis, Missouri. The <mask> family moved to Columbus, Ohio, in 1923, where <mask> briefly worked for the Hupp Products Company. In November 1923, he became president of sales for Stedman Products in South Braintree, Massachusetts. During this time, he lived in a Victorian house at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts, where his son, George H. W<mask>, was born. In 1924, <mask> became vice-president of the investment bank A. Harriman & Co. where his father-in-law, George Herbert Walker was president. <mask>'s Yale classmates and fellow Bonesmen E. Roland Harriman and Knight Woolley also worked with the company.In 1925, he joined the United States Rubber Company of New York City as manager of the foreign division, and moved to Greenwich, Connecticut. In 1931, he became a partner of Brown Brothers Harriman & Co., which was created through the 1931 amalgamation of A. Harriman & Co with Brown Bros. & Co., (a merchant bank founded in Philadelphia in 1818) and with Harriman Brothers & Co. (established in New York City in 1927). He was an avid golfer, and in 1935 was named head of the USGA. From 1944–1956, <mask> was a member of the Yale Corporation, the principal governing body of Yale University. He was on the board of directors of CBS, having been introduced to chairman William S. Paley around 1932 by his close friend and colleague W. Averell Harriman, who became a major Democratic Party power broker. Union Banking Corporation
<mask> was a founder and one of seven directors (including W. Averell Harriman) of the Union Banking Corporation (holding a single share out of 4,000 as a director), an investment bank that operated as a clearing house for many assets and enterprises held by German steel magnate Fritz Thyssen, an early supporter and financier of the Nazi Party. In July 1942, the bank was suspected of holding gold on behalf of Nazi leaders.A subsequent government investigation disproved those allegations but confirmed the Thyssens' control, and in October 1942 the United States seized the bank under the Trading with the Enemy Act and held the assets for the duration of World War II. Journalist Duncan Campbell pointed out documents showing that <mask> was a director and shareholder of a number of companies involved with Thyssen. <mask> was the director of the Union Banking Corporation that "represented Thyssen's US interests", continuing to work for the bank after America's entry into World War II. Historian Herbert Parmet agrees with the assessment that <mask> was not a Nazi sympathizer. Political life
<mask> was politically active on social issues. He was involved with the American Birth Control League as early as 1942, and served as the treasurer of the first nationwide campaign of Planned Parenthood in 1947. He was also an early supporter of the United Negro College Fund, serving as chairman of the Connecticut branch in 1951.From 1947–1950, he served as Connecticut Republican finance chairman, and was the Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 1950. A columnist in Boston said that <mask> "is coming on to be known as President Truman's Harry Hopkins. Nobody knows Mr. <mask> and he hasn't a Chinaman's chance." (Harry Hopkins had been one of Franklin D. Roosevelt's closest advisors.) <mask>'s ties with Planned Parenthood also hurt him in strongly-Catholic Connecticut, and were the basis of a last-minute campaign in churches by <mask>'s opponents; the family vigorously denied the connection, but <mask> lost to Sen. William Burnett Benton by only 1,000 votes. <mask> sought a rematch with Sen. Benton in 1952, but withdrew as the party turned to William Purtell. The death of Senator Brien McMahon later that year, however, created a vacancy and this time the Republicans  He defeated the Democratic nominee, Abraham Ribicoff, and was elected to the Senate.A staunch supporter of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, he served until January 1963. He was re-elected in 1956 with 55% of the vote over Democrat Thomas J. Dodd (later U.S. Senator from Connecticut and father of Christopher J. Dodd), and decided not to run for another term in 1962. He was a key ally for the passage of Eisenhower's Interstate Highway System, and during his tenure supported the Polaris submarine project (built by Electric Boat Corporation in Groton, Connecticut), the establishment of the Peace Corps, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. On December 2, 1954, <mask> was part of the large (67–22) majority to censure Wisconsin Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy after McCarthy had taken on the U.S. Army and the Eisenhower administration. During the debate leading to the censure, <mask> said that McCarthy has "caused dangerous divisions among the American people because of his attitude and the attitude he has encouraged among his followers: that there can be no honest differences of opinion with him. Either you must follow Senator McCarthy blindly, not daring to express any doubts or disagreements about any of his actions, or, in his eyes, you must be a Communist, a Communist sympathizer, or a fool who has been duped by the Communist line."Eisenhower later included <mask> on an undated handwritten list of prospective candidates he favored for the 1960 Republican presidential nomination. In terms of issues, <mask> often agreed with New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller. According to Theodore H. White's book about the 1964 presidential election, <mask> and Rockefeller were longtime friends. <mask> favored a Nixon-Rockefeller ticket for 1960, and was presumed to support Rockefeller's 1964 presidential candidacy until the latter's remarriage in 1963. He then publicly denounced Rockefeller for divorcing his first wife and marrying a woman with whom Rockefeller had been having an affair while married to his first wife. <mask> then very publicly endorsed his former Senate colleague Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., who was also the older brother of one of <mask>'s protegés, former Connecticut Governor John Davis Lodge. Another of Senator <mask>'s major legislative interests was flood and hurricane protection.He drafted the Bush Hurricane Survey Act (Public Law 71), enabling U.S. Army engineers to develop a new program of community protection against tidal flooding. <mask> and Representative John W. McCormack, the Democratic House Majority Leader, co-sponsored the Bush-McCormack Act (Public Law 685), which expedited the construction of local flood protection works. Personal life

<mask> married Dorothy Wear Walker (1901–1992) on August 6, 1921, in Kennebunkport, Maine. They had five children:   George  Nancy  Jonathan  and William "Bucky"

<mask> founded the Yale Glee Club Associates, an alumni group, in 1937. As was his father-in-law, he was a member of the United States Golf Association, serving successively as secretary, vice-president and president, 1928–1935. He was a multi-year club champion of the Round Hill Club in Greenwich, Connecticut, and was on the committee set up by New York City Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. to help create the New York Mets. He was a member of the American Legion and the 40 & 8 Society.<mask> maintained homes in New York City; Long Island; and Greenwich, Connecticut; the family compound at Kennebunkport, Maine; and a secluded island off the Connecticut coast, Fishers Island. He died of cancer in 1972 at age 77 at Memorial Hospital in  and was interred at Putnam Cemetery in Greenwich, Connecticut. Business Plot
In July 2007, Scott Horton, an American attorney known for his work in human rights law and the law of armed conflict, had an article published in Harper's Magazine claiming that <mask> was involved in the 1934 Business Plot, a failed plan by some of America's wealthy to trick Retired Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler into helping them overthrow President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Writings
<mask>'s articles include:
 "Timely Monetary Policy," Banking, June 1955 and July 1955
 "To Preserve Peace Let's Show the Russians How Strong We Are!" Reader's Digest, July 1959
 "Politics Is Your Business," Chamber of Commerce, State of New York, Bulletin, May 1960

See also
 List of members of the American Legion

References

Further reading
 The <mask> Papers are at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. The Greenwich Library Oral History Project has interviews with <mask> Jr. and Mary Walker. There is material by and about <mask> in the History of the Class of 1917 Yale College (1919) and the supplementary class albums.John Atlee Kouwenhoven, Partners in Banking: An Historical Portrait of a Great Private Bank, Brown Brothers Harriman (1968). Obituaries are in the Washington Post, October 9, 1972; the New York Times, October 9, 1972; the Hartford Courant, October 9, 1972; and Yale Alumni Magazine, December 1972. <mask> <mask>. Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 9: 1971–1975. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1994. Darwin Payne, Initiative in Energy: Dresser Industries, Inc., 1880–1978. New York: Simon and Schuster (1979).External links

University of Connecticut's profile of <mask>

|-

1895 births
1972 deaths
American bankers
American chief executives of financial services companies
American Episcopalians
United States Army personnel of World War I
American birth control activists
<mask> family
Businesspeople from Massachusetts
Businesspeople from Columbus, Ohio
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Connecticut Republicans
Deaths from lung cancer
Politicians from Braintree, Massachusetts
Politicians from Columbus, Ohio
Businesspeople from Greenwich, Connecticut
People from Milton, Massachusetts
United States senators from Connecticut
United States Army officers
Yale Bulldogs football players
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co. people
Military personnel from Connecticut
St. George's School, Newport alumni
Fathers of presidents of the United States
Fathers of vice presidents of the United States
20th-century American politicians
Yale College alumni

masks:
Prescott Sheldon Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Samuel Prescott
Bush
Bush
Samuel Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
. Bush
. Bush
. Bush
George Bush
Prescott Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott
. Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush
Prescott Sheldon
Bush
Prescott Bush
Bush


title: Dorothea Bate

texts:
<mask> FGS (8 November 1878 – 13 January 1951), also known as <mask>, was a Welsh palaeontologist and pioneer of archaeozoology. Her life's work was to find fossils of recently extinct mammals with a view to understanding how and why giant and dwarf forms evolved. Early and family life
Born at Napier House, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Bate was the daughter of Police Superintendent <mask> (born in Co. Wexford, Ireland) and his wife Elizabeth Fraser Whitehill. She had an older sister and a younger brother. She had little formal education and once commented that her education "was only briefly interrupted by school". When she was 34 her brother broke his leg and she spent around 18 months looking after her parents. She was later disinherited by her parents in order to provide a dowry for her brother to marry a wealthy woman.Career
In 1898, at the age of nineteen, Bate got a job at the Natural History Museum in London, sorting bird skins in the Department of Zoology's Bird Room and later preparing fossils. She was probably the first woman to be employed as a scientist by the museum. There she remained for fifty years and studied ornithology, palaeontology, geology and anatomy. She was a piece-worker, paid by the number of fossils she prepared. In 1901 <mask>has cypriotes, later described in a paper for the Royal Society.While in Cyprus she also observed—and trapped, shot and skinned—living mammals and birds and prepared a number of other papers, including descriptions of the Cyprus Spiny Mouse (Acomys nesiotes) and a subspecies of the Eurasian Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes cypriotes). She later undertook expeditions to many other Mediterranean islands, including Crete, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, and the Balearic Islands, publishing work on their prehistoric fauna. In the Balearics in 1909, she discovered Myotragus balearicus, a previously unknown species of the subfamily Caprinae. On the plateau of Kat, in eastern Crete, she found remains of the Cretan dwarf hippopotamus. In Crete, she got to know the archaeologists then excavating Knossos and other sites on the island, who were throwing light on the Minoan civilisation, such as Arthur Evans. Finding herself sexually harassed by the British Vice-Consul in Majorca, Bate commented: "I do hate old men who try to make love to one and ought not to in their official positions." According to The Daily Telegraph –

In the late 1920s Bate travelled to the British ruled Palestine.She was in her late 40s and well respected. <mask> had been invited by Dorothy Garrod, who later became Cambridge University's first female professor and who had been put in charge of an excavation in Haifa by the British military governor. In Bethlehem <mask> and Elinor Wight Gardner discovered an extinct elephant species, an early horse and a prehistoric giant tortoise. They also discovered evidence that animals had been hunted by Bethlehem's first human inhabitants. In the 1930s Bate studied the animal bones Garrod had excavated in the Mount Carmel caves, which contained a succession of Upper Pleistocene levels. Instead of just inferring climatic conditions from the presence or absence of cold- or -warm loving animals, she was an early pioneer of the approach to take large samples of fauna of a succession of archaeological strata. These provided a series of plots.Bate worked on the basis that alterations in the frequency of species of animal hunted by early man reflected naturally occurring changes. This work made her an early pioneer of archaeozoology, especially in the field of climatic interpretation. Bate also worked alongside the archaeologist Professor Dorothy Garrod in the Caves of Nahal Me’arot, where excavations had commenced in 1928. She was the first to study the faunas of the area, her stated research aim being the reconstruction of the natural history of the Pleistocene (Ice Age) fauna of the Levant region. Being aware of the fossils and the numerous human occupations her study of the Carmel Caves was pioneering. She described several new species, and identified several species that had previously not been known to have existed in this area in the Pleistocene. She constructed one of the first quantitative curves of faunal succession, and in reference to ancient climate she identified a faunal break between primitive and modern mammal communities during the Middle of the Ice Age.Bate identified the shifts from deer to gazelle dominance as rooted in changes of regional vegetation and paleoclimates. She was also the first to identify a Canis familiaris to have lived in the Ice Age, based on a skull that had been found. Decades later more remains of Natufian dogs were found. Her pioneering research was published in 1937, when Bate and Garrod published The Stone Age of Mount Carmel volume 1, part 2: Palaeontology, the Fossil Fauna of the Wady el-Mughara Caves, interpreting the Mount Carmel excavations. Among other finds, they reported remains of the hippopotamus. Bate also worked with Percy R. Lowe on fossil ostriches in China. She compared the relative proportions of Gazella and Dama remains.Later life, death, legacy

Many archaeologists and anthropologists relied on her expertise in identifying fossil bones, including Louis Leakey, Charles McBurney, and John Desmond Clark. During the Second World War, Bate transferred from the Natural History Museum's department of geology in London to its zoological branch at Tring, and in 1948, a few months short of her seventieth birthday, she was appointed officer-in-charge there. Although suffering from cancer, she died of a heart attack on 13 January 1951, and as a Christian Scientist was cremated. Her personal papers were destroyed in a house fire shortly after her death. On her desk at Tring was a list of 'Papers to write'. By the last in the list she had written Swan Song. Her estate at death amounted to £15,369.In 2005, a '<mask>e facsimile' was created at the Natural History Museum as part of a project to develop notable gallery characters to patrol its display cases. Along with those of Carl Linnaeus, Mary Anning, and William Smith, the exhibit tells stories and anecdotes of her life and discoveries. In her biography Discovering <mask>: the Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter <mask>e, Karolyn Shindler describes Bate as "witty, acerbic, clever and courageous". Shindler is also the author of the biography in the 2004 edition of the Dictionary of National Biography. Selected publications
A short account of a bone cave in the Carboniferous limestone of the Wye valley,  Geological Magazine, new series, 4th decade, 8 (1901), pp. 101–6
Preliminary Note on the Discovery of a Pigmy Elephant in the Pleistocene of Cyprus (1902–1903)
Further Note on the Remains of Elephas cypriotes from a Cave-Deposit in Cyprus (1905)
On Elephant Remains from Crete, with Description of Elephas creticus (1907)Excavation of a Mousterian rock-shelter at Devil's Tower, Gibraltar (with Dorothy Garrod, L. H. D. Buxton, and G. M. Smith, 1928)A Note on the Fauna of the Athlit Caves (1932)The Stone Age of Mount Carmel, volume 1, part 2: Palaeontology, the Fossil Fauna of the Wady el-Mughara Caves (with Professor Dorothy Garrod, 1937)

Honours
1940: Wollaston Fund of the Geological Society
1940: Elected fellow of the Geological Society
6 December 2017: a Blue Plaque was erected on Bate's birthplace, by the Carmarthen Civic Society. Portrait
A watercolour portrait of Bate as a young woman, drawn by her sister, is at the Natural History Museum.In it she wears a black dress trimmed with white lace, and a large pink rose. Footnotes

References
Shindler, Karolyn: Discovering <mask>: the Life of the Pioneering Fossil-Hunter <mask> (London, Harper Collins, 2005, 390pp, 48 black and white plates) Miss D. M. A. <mask> (Obituary) in Nature, London, 167, pp. 301–302.Miss <mask>, obituary in The Times, 23 January 1951
Nicholas, Anna: Goats from a Small Island'' (London, Summersdale, 2009, 320pp,

External links
BBC Radio 4 programme on Bate, in the Natural History Heroes series. 1878 births
1951 deaths
British archaeologists
British palaeontologists
People from Carmarthen
Employees of the Natural History Museum, London
Fellows of the Geological Society of London
Women paleontologists
British women archaeologists
Welsh palaeontologists

masks:
Dorothea Minola Alice Bate
Dorothy Bate
Henry Reginald Bate
Batep
Bates
Bates
Dorothea Bat
Dorothea
Dorothea Bat
Dorothea
Dorothea Bate
Bate
Dorothea Bate


title: Victor Vasarely

texts:
<mask> (; born Győző Vásárhelyi, ;  – ), was a Hungarian-French artist, who is widely accepted as a "grandfather" and leader of the Op art movement. His work entitled Zebra, created in 1937, is considered by some to be one of the earliest examples of Op art. Life and work

<mask> was born in Pécs and grew up in Piešťany (Slovakia) and Budapest, where, in 1925, he took up medical studies at Eötvös Loránd University. In 1927, he abandoned medicine to learn traditional academic painting at the private Podolini-Volkmann Academy. In 1928/1929, he enrolled at Sándor Bortnyik's private art school called Műhely (lit. "Workshop", in existence until 1938), then widely recognized as Budapest's centre of Bauhaus studies. Cash-strapped, the műhely could not offer all that the Bauhaus offered.Instead it concentrated on applied graphic art and typographical design. In 1929, he painted his Blue Study and Green Study. In 1930, he married his fellow student Claire Spinner (1908–1990). Together they had two sons, Andre and Jean-Pierre. Jean-Pierre was also an artist and used the professional name 'Yvaral'. In Budapest, he worked for a ball-bearings company in accounting and designing advertising posters. <mask> became a graphic designer and a poster artist during the 1930s combining patterns and organic images with each other.Vasarely left Hungary and settled in Paris in 1930. He worked as a graphic artist and as a creative consultant at the advertising agencies Havas, Draeger, and Devambez (1930–1935). His interactions with other artists during this time were limited. He thought of opening an institution modelled after Sándor Bortnyik's műhely and developed some teaching material for it. Having lived mostly in cheap hotels, he settled in 1942/1944 in Saint-Céré in the Lot département. After the Second World War, he opened an atelier in Arcueil, a suburb about 10 kilometres from the centre of Paris (in the Val-de-Marne département of the Île-de-France). In 1961, he finally settled in Annet-sur-Marne (in the Seine-et-Marne département).Vasarely eventually went on to produce art and sculpture using optical illusion. Over the next three decades, Vasarely developed his style of geometric abstract art, working in various materials but using a minimal number of forms and colours:
 1929–1944: Early graphics: Vasarely experimented with textural effects, perspective, shadow and light. His early graphic period resulted in works such as Zebras (1937), Chess Board (1935), and Girl-power (1934). 1944–1947: Les Fausses Routes – On the wrong track: During this period, Vasarely experimented with cubistic, futuristic, expressionistic, symbolistic and surrealistic paintings without developing a unique style. Afterwards, he said he was on the wrong track. He exhibited his works in the gallery of Denise René (1946) and the gallery René Breteau (1947). Writing the introduction to the catalogue, Jacques Prévert placed Vasarely among the surrealists.Prévert creates the term imaginoires (images + noir, black) to describe the paintings. Self Portrait (1941) and The Blind Man (1946) are associated with this period. 1947–1951: Developing geometric abstract art (optical art): Finally, Vasarely found his own style. The overlapping developments are named after their geographical heritage. Denfert refers to the works influenced by the white tiled walls of the Paris Denfert – Rochereau metro station. Ellipsoid pebbles and shells found during a vacation in 1947 at the Breton coast at Belle Île inspired him to the Belles-Isles works. Since 1948, Vasarely usually spent his summer months in Gordes in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.There, the cubic houses led him to the composition of the group of works labelled Gordes/Cristal. He worked on the problem of empty and filled spaces on a flat surface as well as the stereoscopic view. 1951–1955: Kinetic images, black-white photographies: From his Gordes works he developed his kinematic images, superimposed acrylic glass panes create dynamic, moving impressions depending on the viewpoint. In the black-white period he combined the frames into a single pane by transposing photographies in two colours. Tribute to Malevitch, a ceramic wall picture of  adorns the University of Caracas, Venezuela which he co-designed in 1954 with the architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva, is a major work of this period. Kinetic art flourished and works by <mask>, Calder, Duchamp, Man Ray, Soto, Tinguely were exhibited at the Denise René gallery under the title Le Mouvement (the motion). Vasarely published his Yellow Manifest.Building on the research of constructivist and Bauhaus pioneers, he postulated that visual kinetics (plastique cinétique) relied on the perception of the viewer who is considered the sole creator, playing with optical illusions. 1955–1965: Folklore planétaire, permutations, and serial art: On 2 March 1959, Vasarely patented his method of unités plastiques. Permutations of geometric forms are cut out of a coloured square and rearranged. He worked with a strictly defined palette of colours and forms (three reds, three greens, three blues, two violets, two yellows, black, white, gray; three circles, two squares, two rhomboids, two long rectangles, one triangle, two dissected circles, six ellipses) which he later enlarged and numbered. Out of this plastic alphabet, he started serial art, an endless permutation of forms and colours worked out by his assistants. (The creative process is produced by standardized tools and impersonal actors which questions the uniqueness of a work of art.) In 1963, Vasarely presented his palette to the public under the name of Folklore planetaire.1965–: Hommage à l'hexagone, Vega: The Tribute to the hexagon series consists of endless transformations of indentations and relief adding color variations, creating a perpetual mobile of optical illusion. In 1965 <mask> was included in the Museum of Modern Art exhibition The Responsive Eye, created under the direction of William C. Seitz. His Vega series plays with spherical swelling grids creating an optical illusion of volume. In October 1967, designer Will Burtin invited Vasarely to make a presentation to Burtin's Vision '67 conference, held at New York University. On 5 June 1970, Vasarely opened his first dedicated museum with over 500 works in a renaissance palace in Gordes (closed in 1996). A second major undertaking was the Foundation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence, a museum housed in a distinct structure specially designed by Vasarely. It was inaugurated in 1976 by French president Georges Pompidou, two years after his death.Sadly the museum is now in a state of disrepair, several of the pieces on display have been damaged by water leaking from the ceiling. Also, in 1976 his large kinematic object Georges Pompidou was installed in the Centre Pompidou in Paris and the Vasarely Museum located at his birthplace in Pécs, Hungary, was established with a large donation of works by <mask>. In the same decade, he took a stab at industrial design with a 500-piece run of the upscale Suomi tableware by Timo Sarpaneva that Vasarely decorated for the German Rosenthal porcelain maker's Studio Linie. In 1982, 154 specially created serigraphs were taken into space by the cosmonaut Jean-Loup Chrétien on board the French-Soviet spacecraft Salyut 7 and later sold for the benefit of UNESCO. In 1987, the second Hungarian Vasarely museum was established in Zichy Palace in Budapest with more than 400 works. He died age 90 in Paris on 15 March 1997. Legacy

A new Vasarely exhibit was mounted in Paris at Musée en Herbe in 2012.In 2019, a temporary exhibition of <mask>'s work entitled Le Partage des Formes was displayed in the Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris. Awards

 1964: Guggenheim Prize
 1970: French Chevalier de L'Ordre de la Légion d'honneur
 Art Critics Prize, Brussels
 Gold Medal at the Milan Triennial

Museums
 1970–1996: Vasarely Museum in the Saint-Firmin Palace in Gordes, Vaucluse, France (closed in 1996)
 1976: Fondation Vasarely, Aix-en-Provence, France
 1976: Vasarely Museum, Pécs, Hungary
 1987: Vasarely Museum, Zichy Palace, Óbuda, Budapest, Hungary

See also
 Groupe de Recherche d’Art Visuel
 M. C. Escher

References
Citations

Further reading

External links

 Association Vasarely
 Victor Vasarely profile and video documentary at the Central European Art Database
 Vasarely Museum, Zichy Palace, Budapest
 Online petition to save Museum Fondation Vasarely in Aix-en-Provence, France (Archived on 16 Apr 2009)
 Fondation Vasarely 3D Project
 Victor Vasarely
 Tate Victor Vasarely

1906 births
1997 deaths
Hungarian painters
French people of Hungarian descent
Modern painters
Hungarian contemporary artists
People from Pécs
Victor Vasarely
20th-century French painters
20th-century male artists
French male painters
Op art

masks:
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