title: Kevin Barry

texts:
<mask> (20 January 1902 – 1 November 1920) was an Irish Republican Army (IRA) soldier who was executed by the British Government during the Irish War of Independence. He was sentenced to death for his part in an attack upon a British Army supply lorry which resulted in the deaths of three British soldiers. His execution inflamed nationalist public opinion in Ireland, largely because of his age. The timing of the execution, only seven days after the death by hunger strike of Terence MacSwiney, the republican Lord Mayor of Cork, brought public opinion to a fever-pitch. His pending death sentence attracted international attention, and attempts were made by U.S. and Vatican officials to secure a reprieve. His execution and MacSwiney's death precipitated an escalation in violence as the Irish War of Independence entered its bloodiest phase, and <mask> became an Irish republican martyr. Early life
<mask> was born on 20 January 1902, at 8 Fleet Street, Dublin, to Thomas and Mary (née Dowling) <mask>.The fourth of seven children, two boys and five girls, <mask> was baptised in St Andrew's Church, Westland Row. His father, <mask> Sr., ran a prosperous dairy business in Dublin based at Fleet Street and supported by the output of the family's farm at Tombeagh, Hacketstown, County Carlow. <mask> Sr. died of heart disease on 8 February 1908, at the age of 56, when <mask> was six years old. <mask>'s mother, the former Mary Dowling, came from Drumguin, County Carlow, and, upon the death of her husband, moved the family to the farm at Tombeagh while retaining the family's townhouse on Fleet Street. As a child he went to the National School in Rathvilly. In 1915 he was sent to live in Dublin and attended the O'Connell Schools for three months, before enrolling in the Preparatory Grade at St Mary's College, Rathmines, in September 1915. He remained at that school until 31 May 1916 when it was closed by its clerical sponsors.During this period he was undoubtedly affected by the events in April of the Easter Rising. In the same period at St. Mary's he also attended a commemoration concert for the Manchester Martyrs, who were hanged in England in 1867. These events served to incite his nascent nationalism to the extent that he expressed his desire to  join Constance Markievicz's Fianna Éireann. His family attempted to dissuade him, but one sister later expressed the belief that he did join. Belvedere College
With the closure of St Mary's College, <mask>  transferred to Belvedere College, a Jesuit school in Dublin. He was a substitute on the championship Junior Rugby Cup team, and earned a place on the senior team. In 1918 he became secretary of the school hurling club which had just been formed, and was one of their most enthusiastic players.In 1919, his final year at Belvedere, <mask> wrote an essay supporting the Dublin Lockout as a "forcible demonstration of the power of Labour and had an experience also of the power of agitation in the person of that marvellous leader James Larkin and his able lieutenant, Commandant James Connolly".. However, this politically charged piece earned him only sixty points out of a possible 100. Generally speaking, <mask>'s performance as a student was erratic. In his first and third years at Belvedere he won no honors, although he did earn honors in five subjects in his middle year. He must have learned more than his grades reflected. After graduation he won a merit-based scholarship given annually by Dublin Corporation, which allowed him to become a student of medicine at University College Dublin (UCD). Medical student
<mask> entered UCD as a first year medical student in October 1919 and remained a student for the next year.His closest friend at UCD was Gerry MacAleer, from Dungannon, whom he had first met in Belvedere. Another friend at UCD was  Frank Flood, whom he had met at the O'Connell Schools, and was now an engineering student at the university. <mask>'s medical studies competed with other attractions, including dancing, drinking, gambling, and cinema. As a result he only managed to attend about three quarters of his medical school lectures. Not least of his distractions was his membership in the Irish Volunteers. <mask> was one of several UCD medical students involved in the Volunteers including Tom Kissane, Liam Grimley and Mick Robinson, all of whom would be involved with <mask> in the Monk's Bakery ambush, along with Frank Flood. Kissane, Grimley, Robinson and Flood all survived the ambush unscathed although Flood would later be captured and executed by the British in 1921.Despite <mask>'s extensive involvement in Volunteer actions, he appears to have been very discreet. Although <mask> was a member of the Volunteers for three of the four years of their friendship, his closest friend, Gerry McAleer was unaware of this aspect of his life. Volunteer activities
In October 1917, during his second year at Belvedere, aged 15, he joined Company C, 1st Battalion of the Dublin Brigade of the Irish Volunteers. When Company C was later reorganized he was reassigned to the newly formed Company H, under the command of Captain Seamus Kavanagh. Additionally, he was also attached to Company C, of the 3rd Battalion of the Carlow Brigade during his vacations from school in Tombeagh. The following year, at the age of 16, he was introduced by Seán O'Neill and Bob O'Flanagan to the Clarke Luby Club of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), and at some point in time he was sworn as a member of this secret society which was led by Michael Collins. <mask>'s activities in Dublin focused on training and operations to acquire weapons and ammunition.Training sites were regularly shifted to avoid discovery, but the extent of training that <mask> received is questionable. Although he served in the Volunteers for almost three years, his operational experience prior to the Monk's Bakery ambush was somewhat limited. For the most part, Volunteers in Dublin did little other than training and few saw action or heard shots fired in anger. He took part in a number of small operations including a raid on the Shamrock Works for weapons intended for  the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC), and a raid on Mark's of Capel Street, looking for ammunition and explosives. <mask>'s one significant action prior to Monk's Bakery was the raid for weapons on a military outpost at King's Inn on Constitution Hill. The Dublin Brigade had carefully reconnoitered the site and developed an operations plan to be completed within seven minutes. On 1 June 1920, a hand-picked team from the Dublin Brigade's three battalions attacked the site taking the 25 soldiers by surprise, and seizing the available weapons.Within only six minutes the raiders had secured rifles, light machine guns, and large quantities of ammunition, and had departed the site with no casualties. Ambush
Two Dublin Volunteers had noticed that a British army lorry guarded by an armed party of soldiers made twice weekly trips to Monk's Bakery on Church Street to obtain bread. Based on these observations, John Joe Carroll of Company H conducted a reconnaissance of the bakery. In addition to its main entrance on Church Street, he observed that the bakery yard was also accessible by a corridor leading from a shop on North King Street. He concluded that this made the bakery an attractive site for an ambush like the one conducted in June at King's Inn. On the morning of 20 September 1920, <mask> went to Mass, then joined a party of IRA volunteers on Bolton Street in Dublin. Their orders were to ambush a British army lorry as it picked up a delivery of bread from the bakery, and capture their weapons.The ambush was scheduled for 11:00 am, which gave him enough time to take part in the operation and return to class in time for an examination he had at 2:00 pm. The truck arrived late, and was under the command of Sergeant Banks. <mask> and members of C Company were to surround the lorry, disarm the soldiers, take the weapons and escape. He covered the back of the vehicle and, when challenged, the five soldiers complied with the order to lay down their weapons. A shot was then fired; Terry Golway, author of For the Cause of Liberty, suggests it was possibly a warning shot from an uncovered soldier in the front. <mask> and the rest of the ambush party then opened fire. His gun jammed twice and he dived for cover under the vehicle.His comrades fled and he was left behind. He was then spotted and arrested by the soldiers. One of the soldiers, Private Harold Washington, had been shot dead. Two others, Privates Marshall Whitehead and Thomas Humphries, were both badly wounded and later died of their wounds. The British Army released the following statement on Monday afternoon:This morning a party of one N.C.O. and six men of the Duke of Wellington's Regiment were fired on by a body of civilians outside a bakery in Church Street, Dublin. One soldier was killed and four were wounded.A piquet of the Lancashire Fusiliers in the vicinity, hearing the shots, hurried to their comrades' assistance, and succeeded in arresting one of the aggressors. No arms or equipment were lost by the soldiers. Much was made of <mask>'s age by Irish newspapers, but the British military pointed out that the three soldiers who had been killed were "much the same age as <mask>". On 20 October, Major Reginald Ingram Marians OBE, Head of the Press Section of the General Staff, informed Basil Clarke, Head of Publicity, that Washington was "only 19 and that the other soldiers were of similar ages." General Macready  was well aware of the "propaganda value of the soldier's ages." Macready informed General Sir Henry Wilson on the day that sentence was pronounced "of the three men who were killed by him (<mask>) and his friends two were 19 and one 20 — official age so probably they were younger... so if you want propaganda there you are." It was later confirmed that Private Harold Washington was 15 years old.About this competing propaganda, Martin Doherty wrote in a magazine article entitled '<mask> & the Anglo-Irish Propaganda War':from the British point of view, therefore, the Anglo-Irish propaganda war was probably unwinable [sic]. Nationalist Ireland had decided that men like <mask> fought to free their country, while British soldiers — young or not — sought to withhold that freedom. In these circumstances, to label <mask> a murderer was merely to add insult to injury. The contrasting failure of British propaganda is graphically demonstrated by the simple fact that even in British newspapers Privates Whitehead, Washington and Humphries remained faceless names and numbers, for whom no songs were written.”

Capture and allegations of torture

<mask> was placed in the back of the lorry with the young body of Private Harold Washington, and also with Washington's comrades. He was transported then to the North Dublin Union. Upon arrival at the barracks he was taken under military police escort to the defaulters' room where he was searched and handcuffed. A short while later, three sergeants of the Lancashire Fusiliers and two officers began the interrogation.He gave his name and an address of 58 South Circular Road, Dublin (his uncle's address), and his occupation as a medical student, but refused to answer any other questions. The officers continued to demand the names of other republicans involved in the ambush. At this time a publicity campaign was mounted by Sinn Féin. <mask> received orders on 28 October from his brigade commander, Richard McKee, "to make a sworn affidavit concerning his torture in the North Dublin Union." Arrangements were made to deliver this through <mask>'s sister, Kathy, to Desmond Fitzgerald, director of publicity for Sinn Féin, "with the object of having it published in the World press, and particularly in the English papers, on Saturday 30th October." The affidavit, drawn up in Mountjoy Prison days before his execution, describes his treatment when the question of names was repeated: He tried to persuade me to give the names, and I persisted in refusing. He then sent the sergeant out of the room for a bayonet.When it was brought in the sergeant was ordered by the same officer to point the bayonet at my   stomach ... The sergeant then said that he would run the bayonet into me if I did not tell ... The same officer then said to me that if I persisted in my attitude he would turn me out to the men in the barrack square, and he supposed I knew what that meant with the men in their present temper. I said nothing. He ordered the sergeants to put me face down on the floor and twist my arm ... When I lay on the floor, one of the sergeants knelt on my back, the other two placed one foot each on my back and left shoulder, and the man who knelt on me twisted my right arm, holding it by the wrist with one hand, while he held my hair with the other to pull back my head. The arm was twisted from the elbow joint.This continued, to

masks:
Kevin Gerard Barry
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Kevin Barry
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Kevin
Thomas Barry
Thomas Barry
Kevin
Kevin Barry
Barry
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title: Kevin Barry

type: original

texts:
 the best of my judgment, for five minutes. It was very painful ... I still persisted in refusing to answer these questions... A civilian came in and repeated the questions, with the same result. He informed me that if I gave all the information I knew I could get off. On 28 October, the Irish Bulletin, the official propaganda news-sheet produced by Dáil Éireann's Department of Publicity, published <mask>'s statement alleging torture. The headline read: English Military Government Torture a Prisoner of War and are about to Hang him. The Irish Bulletin declared <mask> to be a prisoner of war, suggesting a conflict of principles was at the heart of the conflict.The English did not recognise a war and treated all killings by the IRA as murder. Historian John Ainsworth, author of <mask>, the Incident at Monk's bakery and the Making of an Irish Republican Legend, pointed out that <mask> had been captured by the British not as a uniformed soldier but disguised as a civilian and in possession of flat-nosed "Dum-dum" bullets, which expand upon impact, maximising the amount of damage done to the "unfortunate individual" targeted, in contravention of the Hague Convention of 1899. Erskine Childers addressed the question of political status in a letter to the press on 29 October, which was published the day after <mask>'s execution. This lad <mask> was doing precisely what Englishmen would be doing under the same circumstances and with the same bitter and intolerable provocation — the suppression by military force of their country's liberty. To hang him for murder is an insulting outrage, and it is more: it is an abuse of power: an unworthy act of vengeance. contrasting ill with the forbearance and humanity invariably shown by the Irish Volunteers towards the prisoners captured by them when they have been successful in encounters similar to this one. These guerrilla combats with soldiers and constables — both classes do the same work with the same weapons; the work of military repression — are typical episodes in Ireland.Murder of individual constables, miscalled ‘police’, have been comparatively rare. The Government figure is 38, and it will not, to my knowledge, bear examination. I charge against the British Government 80 murders by soldiers and constables: murders of unarmed people, and for the most part wholly innocent people, including old men, women and boys. To hang <mask> is to push to its logical extreme the hypocritical pretense that the national movement in Ireland unflinchingly supported by the great mass of the Irish people, is the squalid conspiracy of a ‘murder gang’. That is false; it is a natural uprising: a collision between two Governments, one resting on consent, the other on force. The Irish are struggling against overwhelming odds to defend their own elected institutions against extinction. In a letter addressed to "the civilised nations of the world", Arthur Griffith — then acting President of the Republic wrote:
Under similar circumstances a body of Irish Volunteers captured on June 1 of the present year a party of 25 English military who were on duty at the King's Inns, Dublin.Having disarmed the party the Volunteers immediately released their prisoners. This was in strict accordance with the conduct of the Volunteers in all such encounters. Hundreds of members of the armed forces have been from time to time captured by the Volunteers and in no case was any prisoner maltreated even though Volunteers had been killed and wounded in the fighting, as in the case of Cloyne, Co. Cork, when, after a conflict in which one Volunteer was killed and two wounded, the whole of the opposing forces were captured, disarmed, and set at liberty. Ainsworth notes that "Griffith was deliberately using examples relating to IRA engagements with British military forces rather than the police, for he knew that engagements involving the police in particular were usually of an uncivilized nature, characterized by violence and brutality, albeit on both sides by this stage." Trial
The War Office ordered that <mask> be tried by court-martial under the Restoration of Order in Ireland Act, which received Royal Assent on 9 August 1920. General Sir Nevil Macready, Commander-in-Chief of British forces in Ireland then nominated a court of nine officers under a Brigadier-General Onslow. On 20 October, at 10 o’clock, the nine officers of the court — ranging in rank from Brigadier to Lieutenant — took their places at an elevated table.At 10.25, <mask> was brought into the room by a military escort. Then Seán Ó hUadhaigh sought a short adjournment to consult his client. The court granted this request. After the short adjournment <mask> announced "As a soldier of the Irish Republic, I refuse to recognise the court." Brigadier Onslow explained the prisoner's "perilous situation" and that he was being tried on a capital charge. He did not reply. Ó hUadhaigh then rose to tell the court that since his client did not recognise the authority of the court he himself could take no further part in the proceedings.<mask> was charged on three counts of the murder of Private Marshall Whitehead. One of the bullets taken from Whitehead's body was of .45 calibre, while all witnesses stated that <mask> was armed with a .38 Mauser Parabellum. The Judge Advocate General informed the court that the Crown had only to prove that the accused was one of the party that killed three British soldiers, and every member of the party was technically guilty of murder. In accordance with military procedure the verdict was not announced in court. He was returned to Mountjoy, and at about 8 o’clock that night, the district court-martial officer entered his cell and read out the sentence: death by hanging. The public learned on 28 October that the date of execution had been fixed for 1 November. Execution
<mask> spent the last day of his life preparing for death.His ordeal focused world attention on Ireland. According to Sean Cronin, author of a biography of <mask> (<mask>), he hoped for a firing squad rather than the gallows, as he had been condemned by a military court. A friend who visited him in Mountjoy prison after he received confirmation of the death sentence, said: He is meeting death as he met life with courage but with nothing of the braggart. He does not believe that he is doing anything wonderfully heroic. Again and again he has begged that no fuss be made about him. He reported <mask> as saying "It is nothing, to give one's life for Ireland. I'm not the first and maybe I won't be the last.What's my life compared with the cause?" <mask> joked about his death with his sister Kathy. "Well, they are not going to let me like a soldier fall… But I must say they are going to hang me like a gentleman." This was, according to Cronin, a reference to George Bernard Shaw's play The Devil's Disciple. On 31 October, he was allowed three visits of three people each, the last of which was taken by his mother, brother and sisters. In addition to the two Auxiliaries with him, there were five or six warders in the boardroom. As his family were leaving, they met Canon John Waters, on the way in, who said, "This boy does not seem to realise he is going to die in the morning."Mrs <mask> asked him what he meant. He said: "He is so gay and light-hearted all the time. If he fully realised it, he would be overwhelmed." Mrs <mask> replied, "Canon Waters, I know you are not a Republican. But is it impossible for you to understand that my son is actually proud to die for the Republic?" Canon Waters became somewhat flustered as they parted. The <mask> family recorded that they were upset by this encounter because they considered the chief chaplain "the nearest thing to a friend that <mask> would see before his death, and he seemed so alien."<mask> was hanged on 1 November, after hearing two Masses in his cell. Canon Waters, who walked with him to the scaffold, wrote to <mask>'s mother later, "You are the mother, my dear Mrs <mask>, of one of the bravest and best boys I have ever known. His death was one of the most holy, and your dear boy is waiting for you now, beyond the reach of sorrow or trial." Dublin Corporation met on the Monday, and passed a vote of sympathy with the <mask> family, and adjourned the meeting as a mark of respect. The Chief Secretary's office in Dublin Castle, on the Monday night, released the following communiqué:The sentence of death by hanging passed by court-martial upon <mask>, or Berry, medical student, aged 18½ years, for the murder of Private Whitehead in Dublin on September 20, was duly executed this morning at Mountjoy Prison, Dublin. At a military court of inquiry, held subsequently in lieu of an inquest, medical evidence was given to the effect that death was instantaneous. The court found that the sentence had been carried out in accordance with law.<mask>'s body was buried at 1.30 p.m, in a plot near the women's prison. His comrade and fellow-student Frank Flood was buried alongside him four months later. A plain cross marked their graves and those of Patrick Moran, Thomas Whelan, Thomas Traynor, Patrick Doyle, Thomas Bryan, Bernard Ryan, Edmond Foley and Patrick Maher who were hanged in the same prison before the Anglo-Irish Treaty of July 1921 which ended hostilities between Irish republicans and the British. The men had been buried in unconsecrated ground on the jail property and their graves went unidentified until 1934.They became known as The Forgotten Ten by republicans campaigning for the bodies to be reburied with honour and proper rites. On 14 October 2001, the remains of these ten men were given a state funeral and moved from Mountjoy Prison to be re-interred at Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin. Aftermath

The only full-length biography of <mask> was written by his nephew, journalist Donal O'Donovan, published in 1989 as <mask> and his Time. In 1965, Sean Cronin wrote a short biography, simply entitled "<mask>"; this was published by The National Publications Committee, Cork, to which <mask> provided a foreword.<mask> is remembered in a well-known song about his imprisonment and execution, written shortly after his death and still sung today. The tune to "<mask>" was taken from the sea-shanty "Rolling Home". The execution reportedly inspired Thomas MacGreevy's surrealist poem, "Homage to Hieronymus Bosch". MacGreevy  had unsuccessfully petitioned the Provost of Trinity College Dublin, John Henry Bernard, to make representations on <mask>'s behalf. Legacy
A commemorative stamp was issued by the Department of Posts and Telegraphs to mark the 50th anniversary of <mask>'s death in 1970. The University College Dublin and National University of Ireland, Galway branches of Ógra Fianna Fáil are named after him. Derrylaughan Kevin <mask>'s GAA club was founded in  Clonoe, County Tyrone.In 1930, Irish immigrants in Hartford, Connecticut, created a hurling club and named it after <mask>. The club later disappeared for decades, but was revived in 2011 by more recently arrived Irish immigrants and local Irish-Americans in the area. In 1934, a large stained-glass window commemorating <mask> was unveiled in Earlsfort Terrace, then the principal campus of University College Dublin. It was designed by Richard King of the Harry Clarke Studio. In 2007, UCD completed its relocation to the Belfield campus some four miles away and a fund was collected by graduates to defray the cost (estimated at close to €250,000) of restoring and moving the window to this new location. A grandnephew of <mask> is Irish historian Eunan O'Halpin. There is an Irish republican flute band named after him in Glasgow, the "Volunteer <mask> Republican Flute Band".<mask>'s execution is mentioned in the folk song "Rifles of the I.R.A." written by Dominic Behan in 1968. The ballad  "<mask>", relating the story of his execution, has been sung by artists as diverse as Paul Robeson, Leonard Cohen, Lonnie Donegan, The Hootenanny singers (as "<mask>") and The Dubliners. At the place where <mask> was captured (North King Street/Church Street, Dublin), there are two blocks of flats named after him. References

External links
The Incident at Monk’s Bakery
The lyrics to "The Ballad of <mask>"
Some images and a short discussion of the <mask> Memorial Window, UCD. The Digital Kevin <mask> Papers in UCD Digital Library
The Digital Papers of the Kevin <mask> Memorial Committee in UCD Digital Library
A Google Arts and Culture Exhibition - <mask>: UCD Student, Irish Republican Hero

1902 births
1920 deaths
People educated at St Mary's College, Dublin
Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery
Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members
20th-century executions by the United Kingdom
Executed Irish people
People executed by the British military by hanging
People educated at Belvedere College
Medical students
Irish Republicans killed during the Irish War of Independence
Old Belvedere R.F.C. players
Rugby union players from County

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Barry
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Kevin Barry
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Tom Barry
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Kevin Barry
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Kevin Berry
Kevin Barry
Kevin Barry
Kevin Barry
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Kevin Barry


title: Bavji Chatur Singhji

texts:
Lok-Priya Sant-Kavi <mask>ji लोक-प्रिय सन्त-कवि महाराज चतुर सिंहजी  reverently known as <mask>, was born on Monday 9 February 1880 (V. S. Magh Krishn 14, 1936) at Karjali Haveli to Rani Krishna Kunwar and Maharaj Surat Singh of Karjali. <mask> was a popular people’s saint-poet of Rajputana, now Rajasthan, India, who was an accomplished yogi also and is rightly remembered as Patanjali and Valmiki of Rajasthan. Lifetime

Birth and Family
Lok-Priya Sant-Kavi <mask>ji reverently known as <mask>, was born on Monday 9 February 1880 (V. S. Magh Krishn 14, 1936) at Karjali Haveli to Rani Krishna Kunwar and Maharaj Surat Singh of Karjali. He was born in the Karjali family which is descendant of Maharaj Bagh Singh, the third son of 61st Maharana Sangram Singh II of Mewad Mewar (Udaipur, Reign AD 1710-1734). <mask> was youngest of four brothers, eldest Himmet Singh was adopted to Shivrati thikana and he has several offspring, second brother Laxman Singh succeeded his father as the Maharaj of Karjali thikana and he too has numerous progenies, the third brother was Maharaj Tej Singh, who had a daughter Gopal Kunwar who was married to the Thakur of Sankhoon in the Shekhawati region of north Rajputana. Chatur Singhji was married to Laad Kunwar, daughter of Thakur Magan Singh, younger brother of Thakur Inder Singh of Chappoli, being the only child in the family she was named Laad (dear/valued/loved child) Kunwar! Bavji married at the age of 19 years and was blessed with two daughters, one died as a child while the other Sayar Kunwar was married to Maharaj Hamir Singhji of Vijaynagar, Gujarat.Summed up by a bard as:Note the precedence given to mother’s name which is now a statutory requirement

Krishn kookh te prakat bhey,
Tej, Luchh, Himtesh. Bhrahmleen hey Chatur Guru,
<mask> Kunwar Surtesh. कृष्ण कूख तें प्रकट भे
तेज लच्छ हिमतेस ।
ब्रहम्मलीन हैं चतुर गुरु
चतुर कुँवर सुरतेस ।।

Poet and Social Reformer
 <mask> <mask> <mask> was a popular people’s saint-poet of Rajputana, now Rajasthan, India, who was an accomplished yogi also and is rightly remembered as Patanjali and Valmiki of Rajasthan. Bavji spread the ancient Indian knowledge through a simple language that a layman could comprehend which helped him in his mission for social reform, but with preservation of Rajasthan’s culture and heritage. He effectively propagated promotion of education through "Ramat-Bhanat" concept (रमत-भणत् य़ोजना what is now popular as play-way child education). For his adult education and literacy mission, Bavji spread the concept of "Seekho-Kamao-Khao" सीखो-कमाओ-खाओ –"Learn-Earn-Sustain" (an earlier example of the earn-while-you-learn concept, but the significance of the third component of "Sustain/Maintain" is now being realized after the Global Economic Meltdown of 2008). Bavji also encouraged female education and emancipation – बेना आपां ओछी नी हाँ, आपां तो नारां री नारी हाँ - sisters we are not inferior, in fact, we are tigresses of the tigers.Bavji expressed his concern for the farmers thus: ...ये खावन सब ही को देवे, रेवे सदा भुखारे हैं...ये श्रम करे रात-दिन सारे, बिन श्रम और डकारे हैं …they feed all but remain hungry…they slog day-night but others gulp-down their gains…. The exemplary communal harmony in this part of India is partly due to Bavji’s preaching, one of his compositions states: धरम-धरम सब एक है, पण बरताव अनेक। ईश जाणणो धरम है, जीरो पंथ विवाक।। All the religions are same, but practices differ. Knowing of the almighty is religion, that’s the righteous knowledge.The poet-saint preached that the God resides not in ornate temples, palaces, or mansions but in the hut of a layman; which he succinctly stated in one of his popular couplets: Mano ke mut mano, keno maro kaam, Keeka Dangi re angane rumta dekiya Raam – मानो के मत मानो, केणो मारो काम। कीका डांगी रे आँगणे, रमता देखिया राम ।।-Believe it or not, but it’s my responsibility to tell you, I have seen the Almighty play in the premises of Keeka Dangi (an ordinary villager of Nauwa rural community).Bavji’s simple living and comprehensible high thinking made him a popular "Lok-Sikshusk" लोक शिक्षक – Peoples’ Educator - that started awakening in Rajasthan. The Academy for Rajasthani Language, Literature, & Culture, Bikaner (राजस्थानी भाषा, साहित्य एवं संस्कृति अकादमी, बीकानेर) has instituted an annual award in honor of Bavji-"Bavji Chatur Singhji Anuvaad Puruskaar" (बावजी चतुरसिहं जी अनुवाद पुरस्कार Bavji Chatur Singhji Translation Award) for translation of worthy literary work into Rajasthani language, its value has now been increased to Rs. 30,000/-. The New Education Policy-NEP 2020 announced by the Union Government in August 2020 says that the first five years of education of a child should be in his mother-tongue. This fulfills the agenda of Bavji that the infants SHOULD be educated in their mother tongue, he advocated it nearly a hundred years before the present.To quote him: ...बाळकां ने पराई बोली भणावणो शुरू करे अणी शूं बाळकां ने घनी अबकाई पडे। शुण्डा री नांई पढ़ लेवे पण समझ में नी आवा शू भण भण ने भूलता जावे... " a child will not comprehend what is taught to him in "Paraee boli"='other's language', he may cram but will not understand and retain knowledge. To achieve this a child should get his early education in his mother tongue...for which I have written this book"  (#17 and also # 16 below in the list of publications). Beginning as a Saint
Bavji lived during the reign of Maharana Fateh Singh (Reign 1884-1930, the 73rd Maharana) who was his uncle. The untimely demise of his wife in the year 1907 and then the adult issueless daughter one year after her marriage drove him further towards spiritual pursuits. He shifted from the Karjali Haveli in Udaipur to Telion-ki-Sarai, where the present-day BN College is located and then to a modest cottage (KOTRI) on HAWA MAGRI (airy hill) at Sukher (N24° 38' 29" : E073° 43' 08", elevation 613m) a village of Karjali jagir, 10-km north of Udaipur, now on National Highway # 8. Thereafter he moved to a similar modest setup at the other Karjali thikana village Nauwa (N24° 41' 29" : E073° 48' 11", elevation 584 m), 22 km east of Udaipur, because it is widely believed that Singhi HRISHI and other Puranic saints had their Ashram (hermitage at N24° 42'

masks:
Maharaj Chatur Singh
Bavji Chatur Singhji
Bavji Chatur Singhji
Maharaj Chatur Singh
Bavji Chatur Singhji
Chatur Singhji
Chatur
Bavji
Chatur
Singhji


title: Bavji Chatur Singhji

texts:
 08" : E073° 45' 55", elevation 701m ) in this serene valley within the geologically significant Aravalli hills. Move to Nauwa
Bavji’s KOTRI (CHATUR SADHNA STHAL) at KHAANU MANGRI was restored with great fanfare by late Shri Niranjan Nath Acharya, the then Speaker of Rajasthan Legislative Assembly ( 03.5.1967 to 20.3.1972) and MLA of the area on 13 January 1966 with the financial support of Maharana Mewar Foundation and material support of Karjali family.Maharana Bhagwat <mask> unveiled the marble statue of Bavji in presence of several dignitaries of Rajasthan. Every year on V.S. PAUSH SUKL 3 (~January) a fair and spiritual event is held at Nauwa to commemorate the Enlightenment Day (ATM SHAKSHAATKAAR) of Maharaj <mask> <mask>. This holy site, which has now become a celebrated pilgrim center, was also visited by Sardar Hukam Singh, the Governor of Rajasthan (1967–73) along with Chief Minister Mohan Lal Sukhadia (1954–1971) accompanied by the Mines Minister Harideo Joshi (later CM of Rajasthan 1973-77; 1985–88; 1989–1990). Bavji expired at Karjali Haveli at the not-so-ripe age of 49 on 1 July 1929 (V. S. AASHAAD KRISHN 9, 1986) following a brief illness; this cut short the journey of a prolific spiritual writer and social reformer. Early Years and Traits - व्यक्तित्व Vyaktitva

<mask> <mask> Singhji received his education at home through tutors Pandit Kripa Shankarji and Pandit Hiralalji Dashora and was educated in Hindi (Devanagri), Sanskrit, Gujarati, Marathi, Urdu and English languages which helped him study the ancient Indian scriptures (vedant Vedanta, Samkhya, yog Yoga and other philosophies), the Bible, the Koran, along with Baudh Buddha & Jain Jainism scriptures and the works of Tulsi Tulsidas, Soor Surdas, Kabir, Meera, Guru Nanak Guru Nanak Dev, Dadu, etc. Bavji Chatur Singhji strongly felt, which are reflected in his writings and discourses, that religion is a social code of conduct that is necessary for the maintenance of orderly human society.Bavji therefore published the gist of various religious scriptures, including concise treatise in Mewadi on Ramayan Ramayana, Bhagwad Gita in simple Rajasthani (Mewadi), the mother tongue of the local public so that a lay man can understand and adopt the path of righteousness. To that extent his contribution to the society is indeed invaluable and trend-setting. This is the reason for his popularity and public reverence. He greatly emphasized on social reforms (especially women’s emancipation, BENAN AAPAN AUCHI NEE HAN), value-based education, adherence to moral values, constructive philosophies of life, and observance of yogic practices. Bavji also published his thoughts in magazines and newspapers of the day with the help of Ratan Lalji Dhankuta. Bavji used to organize weekly poetry meetings at Karjali Haveli under the aegis of "SUKH SAMAJ" (Happy Society) which was coordinated by Shri Ram Pratap Jotkhiji; the best poet of the meet was garlanded and the second best was presented a bouquet. Kids of the family, the numerous nephews and nieces, were encouraged to attend these meetings to give them right SANSKARIK exposure.He created a personal library that had more than a thousand books. He greatly impressed the noted writer Hari Bhau Upadhhaya who was disappointed during his trip to Udaipur at the lack of people of literary competence in the city, till he met Bavji. <mask> <mask> <mask> attained Enlightenment on Sunday the V.S. PAUSH SUDH TEEJ 1978 (31 January 1922) when he wrote ALAKH PACCHEESI, TUHI ASHTAK, ANUBHAV PRAKASH. All his manuscripts started with his personal symbol of  which is combined representation of the sacred Indian symbol ॐ Aum / Om  and Ram राम Rama (MARYADA PURSHOTUM - the ideal man) with in sun - the sustainer of life on earth. He was against copyright aspect of knowledge dispersal and therefore his publications famously asked readers not to use it to hurt anyone’s sentiments but for self-emancipation and the reader could make modifications and improvements in the writings if he wished! Following the untimely demise of Bavji’s wife, when he was just 27 years old, he was approached to remarry to which Bavji replied that "…had I died, would have my widow got married again?- An unheard of and unacceptable act at that time - therefore man too should also follow the same principle in life!" Another reformist incidence is regarding marriage of his daughter. <mask> was granted the jagir of Falasiya for his administration by the Karjali thikana. During those days a levy in the name of "BAI BARAAD" was collected to raise fund for marriage of jagirdar’s daughter. Bavji flatly refused to collect it and took a loan of Rs. 5000/- from Maharana Fateh <mask> to meet marriage expenses which he kept really modest to set a right example for others to follow. He was embodiment of simple living and high thinking that he adopted in his daily dress and food codes.He successfully settled people’s dispute under his command through his mature logic and well reasoned persuasion. During the great famine of 1913 the land tax that was collected in his jagir was transferred to a Society that provided interest-free loan to farmers, this was the start of a cooperative movement which was unfortunately sabotaged by the money-lenders and the farmers who had no idea about the concept wanted their money back. Knowing that the returned cash would be squandered by the farmers, he got silver lady’s ornaments (HANSLIYAN) made and returned to family women folks for safe keeping! Villagers still admiringly remember this incidence. His wife had borrowed a pearl necklace from her Chappoli family member, which Bavji got returned on demise of his wife. Bagore Maharaj Sohan Singh died without an heir and therefore his widow wanted to adopt Bavji as the Maharaj of Bagore but Bavji, who had no interest in material properties, was not tempted at the offer and refused adoption! It is recalled that four Maharanas were adopted from the Bagore family – Maharana Sardar <mask> (1838–1842), Maharana Swaroop <mask> (1842–1861), Maharana Shambhu <mask> (1861–1874) and Maharana Sajjan <mask> (1874–1884).In search of Truth and a Guru

<mask> <mask>’s father Maharaj Surat Singhji was a pious man who

masks: Singhji Chatur Singhji Bavji Chatur Bavji Chatur Singhji Bavji Singhji Singhji Singhji Singhji Singhji Chatur Singhji


title: Bavji Chatur Singhji

texts:
 held meetings with spiritual personalities at his haveli and undertook frequent pilgrimages across India. Young <mask> Singh always attended these meetings and trips and was therefore exposed to religious discourses. He was also exposed to the experience of poetry writing by his father. <mask>’s elder brother Tej Singh was an accomplished musician. With such a family environment and following the untimely demise of his wife, <mask> went out for pilgrimage in search of peace and truth of life. He stayed at Radha Kund in Vrindavan for five years, thereafter he went to Mathura for a short period and then to Omkareshwar, one of the 12 revered Jyotiling shrines of Lord Shiv located on the Om-shaped Island in the sacred river Narmada. There he approached a reputed yogi-saint Kamal Bhartiji and sought spiritual and yogic guidance.The saint famously said "…why are you wondering to all these far-out places, when you have Thakur Gumaan Singh the younger brother of Batheda Rawat Dalel Singhji in your home-state, approach him and he will guide you to your destiny". Bavji rushed to Kaka Thakur Gumaan <mask> (Birth 1840, Enlightenment 1894, Demise 1914) at Batheda who granted him the knowledge of Raj Rajeshwar Yog, SANKHYA philosophy and poem and prose scripting. They had a rewarding association at "Ram-Jharokha" the ASHRAM of Guru Gumaan at Laxmanpura village (24° 36' 16" N: 73° 58' 17"E), 30 km east of Udaipur. Associates, Devotees and Disciples

Amongst the chief associates of Bavji mention should be made of Pandit Shobha Lalji Dashora, Pandit Girdhari Lalji Shashtri, Thakur <mask> of Kelwa, Sahu Kapoorchand Agrawal, Pandit Jetha Lalji Dashora, Pandit Ratan Lalji Ameta, Pandit Uma Shankarji Dwevedi, Sahu Chanadan Malji Bhanawat, Dr. Basanti Lalji Mahatma, and Kika Dangi of Nauwa. Mahatma Bhuri Bai was one of his well-known disciples. Other well-known Sat-Sanghi of Bavji include: Shri Laxmi Lal Joshi, Babuji Parmanandji, Sawai <mask> Amet, Chain Sighji Batheda, Sadvi Kamla Kunwar Laxamanpura, Kr. Jagat <mask> and Kr.Abhay <mask> Karjali, Kr. Shivdan <mask> Shivrati, Baisa Ratan Kunwar of Shivrati, <mask> Shaktawat Jagat, Mehtab <mask> Laxmanpura…The first research paper on Bavji was written by Dr. Sangram Singh Ranawat under the guidance of Prof. K. C. Shautriya, the Head of Hindi Department, MB College, Udaipur in 1957, which was published as a booklet by PRATAP SHAUDH PRATISTHAN, VIDYA PRACHARINI SABHA, Udaipur in the year 1963. Bavji's literature is taught in Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, ML Sukhadia University , Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur JN Vyas University, Jodhpur and Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University Kota.A scholar of Rajasthani literature at ML Sukhadia University Udaipur, Mr. Mangi Lal Nagda wrote Post Graduate dissertation on Bavji and Dr. Bheru Prakash Dadheech has been awarded Ph.D. on the works of Bavji by the JN Vyas University. During Bavji’s period his bhajans (devotional songs), dohas (couplets), poems were sung by the renowned singer Gopal Gandharv. During the next generation Raghunath Katha and his Group (bhajan mandali), Gopalji’s son Chandra Gandharv, daughter Laxmi Gandharv and daughter-in-law Sashi Gandharv used to sing Bavji’s bhajans and songs for the All India Radio and at public functions across the country. Shri Sukh Lal Damami of Rodji-ka-Kheda popularized Bavji’s bhajans/poems in villages of Mewad.The tradition is presently being carried forward by Pushkar "Gupteshwar" (पुष्कर "गुप्तेश्वर") & his party who are popular singer of Bavji’s works; his audio cassettes/CDs are also well accepted in which Bavji’s Chandrashekhar Stotr (चँद्रशेखर स्तोत्र), Alakh Pachhisee (अलख पच्चीसी) are most admired. An audio CD of Ambalal Bhawsaar (अम्बालाल भवसार) entitled चतर सिंह जी रौ विचार शील वैभव-"Chatur Singhji Bavji’s Vichhaar-sheel Vaibhav"-Glory of Bavji Chatur Singhji’s Thoughtful Heritage-has also been brought out (2011).Several writers and poets have written prose, poems and lectured on Bavji, chief amongst them are late Thakur <mask> of Kelwa, Nathu <mask> Mehiariya, Padma-Shri Rani Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat, Sobhagya <mask> Shekhawat, Kesar <mask> Barhet, Kavi Bhushan Jagadish of Bhinder, Prithvi <mask> Chauhan ‘Premi’ of Bhinder, Suraj Chandra  Dangi of Badi Sadri, Radhey Shyam Mehta, Dev Karan <mask> Roopaheli, Prof. Mathura Prasad and Dr. Kamala Agrawal, Niranjan Nathji Acharya, Pandit Janardhan Rai Nagar, Bhai Bhagwan, Nand <mask>, Prof. MMS Mathur, Prof. Onkar <mask> Kelwa…
Maharana Bhagwat <mask> Mewad (reign 1955-1984) republished <mask>’s major literary works during his birth centenary year (1980) and set up a room in Bavji’s honor in the City Palace Museum, Udaipur. The reputed and widely-read spiritual journal "KALYAN", published by Gita Press, Gorakhpur, UP, also brought out special issues on BHAGTA-ANK (1928) and YOGANK (1935) in which Bavji’s literature, philosophy, and contributions were discussed. The main objective of the Udaipur Chapter of INTACH is to popularize the cultural heritage of Mewad. For the daily help and company, Bavji had Roopa, Kanna, Devla, Uddha, Shankar and Bavji composed many a poem addressed to them for dispersal of his social reformist ideas. The renowned Rajasthani writer and social activist Padma-Shri Rani Lakshmi Kumari Chundawat (b. 24 June 1916) dedicated her book "Moomal" (1961) to Bavji Chatur Singhji in the following words4:

समरपण
राजस्थानी गद्य रा उध्दार करणिया
पू‘च्योडा़ भगत अर योगी
जगव्हाला जुग आदरिया
जो राज‘म्हेलां सूं उतर जणा जणा रा मन मंदिर में बस गिया
ज्यां री पोथ्यां आज तांई मेवाड़ रा घर घर में
गीता भागवत ज्यूं बांची जावे
ज्यां रा बणायोडा़ भजन गांव गांव में लोकगीतां री नांई गाइजे
वां महाराज श्री चतुरसिंघजी री पावन यादगारी ने
घणा मांन सूं भेँट

Dedication
The redeemer of Rajasthani literature
The Superior saint and yogi
The universally ever respected
The one who moved out of palace and in the hearts of the populace
The one whose literary creations are in the every house of Mewad
Read with the reverence of the Bhagwat Gita
The one whose devotional songs are sung like the folk songs
In the reverend memory of that Maharaj Shri Chatur Singhji
This book is dedicated with great regards! Late Shri Niranjan Nath Acharya, the then Speaker

masks:
Chatur
Bavji
Bavji
Singhji
Ram Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Lal Singhji
Singhji
Ram Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Singhji
Chaturvedi
Singhji
Singhji
Bavji


title: Bavji Chatur Singhji

texts:
 of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly, published a booklet entitled “Chatur Chandno” ‘चतुर चादंणो’ (The radiance of Chatur Singh) containing Bavji’s more popular poems.In its Foreword he states:

Maharaj <mask> Singhji was an enlightened personality in addition to being a great poet (word-smith!). His creations are a balanced blend of spiritual knowledge and folk behavior. With the help of our day-to-day incidences, narrated in a simple language,
he has explained the most difficult knowledge in a manner that is easily understood
and the matter touches our heart and mind. Additionally, <mask>’s poems and couplets are worth rendering at any time and at all the social functions / occasions – on hearing them one is blessed with peace, purity, and renewed radiance. You all are requested to read and make children and people-at-large read Bavji’s literature and to popularize it for spread of new knowledge and new light (Chandano) for the bliss of heart and mind. With this objective I present this "CHATUR CHANDANO" so that the light of knowledge will spread in all direction to rid of the darkness of mind. The nearest railhead is KHEMLI station on Udaipur- Mavli Jn of NWR.One can travel by road from Mavli or Udaipur or Nathdwara or Eklingji. Tribute of Gopal Gandharv to Bavji

…RAMAYAN RAGHUKUL MAAREG NEY, BHINN-BHINN SAMJAYO. GEETA RA SUB GUUDH GYAN NE, UNPUD TUK PAHUCHAYAO. BHAGVA BHESH KIYO NAHI KABHU, NAHI TUN BHASM RAMAYO
ALAKH PACHEESI VANAYI APOORAB, BHRAHM GYAN PRAGATAYO. …AAKHIN OAT BHAYE MAHARAJA, GHUT BHEETER PRAGTAYE. RATTAN PRASHAD MILI CHINTAMANI, GUN GOPALO GAVE. ...
रामायण रघुकुल मारगने, भिन्न भिन्न समझायो ।
गीतारा गूढ़ ज्ञानने, अणपढ़ तक पहुंचायो ।।
भगवां भेष कियो नहिं कबहू, नहिं तन भस्म रमायो ।
अलख पचीसी वणाय अपूरब, ब्रह्म ज्ञान प्रगटायो ।।...
आखिन ओट भये महाराजा, घट भीतर प्रगटाये ।
रतन प्रसादि मिली चिंतामणि, गुण गोपालो गावे ।।

Ramayan’s path of righteousness was explained by you,
You also enlightened the unlettered with the lofty teachings of the Geeta,
You neither dressed in saffron, nor smeared your body with ash,
You elucidated The Invisible and the ultimate knowledge,
Oh Maharaja, living a simple domestic life, you achieved enlightenment,
Gopal (Gandharv) can not but sing your praise!The renowned Rajasthani scholar Hiralal Maheshwari commented and translated <mask>’s couplets as follows5:

Maharaj Catursinha (महाराज चतरसिंह 1880-1929) is considered a great yogi, bhakt and poet of  Mewad, where his poems are still popular…he has pleaded for the uplift of women and farmers and desistance from all social evils, practices, and superstitions. He urged that children should be taught in their mother tongue. Here are three verses from Catur Cintamani (चतुर चिन्तांमणि):

पर घर पग नी मैलणो, बना मान मनवार।
अंजन आवै देखनै, सिंगल रो सतकार ।। 269

Don’t step into a house unless respectfully and beseechingly invited. Even a railway engine steams into a station only when invited by the signal. ऊँध सूधने छोड़ने, करणो काम पछाण।
कर ऊँधो सूँधो घड़ो, तरती भरती दाँण।। 273

Invert or upward as strictly as occasion demands. Invert the pitcher if you have to swim with it and turn it up if you want to fill it with water. भावै लख भगवंत जश, भावे गाळाँ भाँड।
द्वात कलम रो दोष नी, मन व्हे’ ज्यो ही मांड ।। 286

Pen and ink are not responsible for the contents of the script.With them you can write obeisance or obscenity according to the dictates of your mind. A bard has rightly said of him:

Bhuja Chatur sukh de bhalo,varan chatur ney both. Maas Chatur soo jull-unn miley, gyan <mask> Gahlot. भुजा चतुर सुख दे भलो, बरण चतुर ने बोत।
मास चतुर सूं जळ-अन्न मिले, ज्ञान चतुर गहलोत।

The four armed Almighty provides pleasure to all the four sections of the society,
The four months of monsoon provide us water & food  where as <mask> Gahlot provides us blissful knowledge! On the occasion of 132nd birthday of Bavji (22 January 2012), nonagenarian Radheyshyam Mehta brought out a booklet with 108 couplets in honor of Bavji- "चतुर चितारणी (स्मरणाञ्जलि)Chatur Remembrance". Sample these three:

तिलक करे छापा करे, भगमा भेष वणाय। चतुर सन्त री सादगी, सन्ता ऊपर जाय।।23

Holy men smear forehead/ body and wear saffron clothing (& remain unmarried), but Chatur leads a domestic simple life and still attains higher stature. पगे पगरखी गांवरी, ऊँची धोती पैर। कांधे ज्ञान पछेवड़ो, चतुर चमक चहुँफेर।।50

A villager’s footwear & leg wear, on the shoulder is the cloth-sheet of knowledge, still the radiance of Chatur is everywhere.Bavji was strong advocate of women’s education which is acknowledged thus:

कूकी ने काका लिख्यो, पोथी थोड़ी वांच। एक पोथी मन धार ले, जाणेगा थूं सांच।।90

Niece gets a letter from uncle (Chatur) get started studying, select right literature to understand the truth. Publications ज्ञान गंगा

Bavji propagated the spiritual and social reformist knowledge of humanity in mother tongue of the local public (Rajasthan) and wrote both prose and poetry which are widely read by all the sections of the society with great reverence. His major works during the short span of about seven years (1922–1929) are given below :

His important publications are:

1. Alakh Pacchisee अलख पचीसी
2. Tuhi Ashtak तुही अष्टक
3. Anubhav Prakash अनुभव प्रकाश
4. <mask> Prakash चतुर प्रकाश
5.Hanummetpanchak हनुमत्पंचक
6. Ambikashtuk अम्बिकाष्टक
7. Shesh Charitra शेष-चरित्र
8. <mask> Chintamani: Dohawali/Padawali चतुर चिन्तांमणिः दोहावली/पदावली
9. Saman Bateesi समान बत्तीसी
10. Shiv Mahimnah Stotra शिव महिम्नः स्तोत्र
11. Chandrashekhar Stotra चद्रंशेखर स्तोत्र
12.Shree Geetaji श्री गीताजी
13. Maanav Mitra: Ram Charitra मानव मित्र रामचरित्र
14. Parmarth Vichaar: in Seven  volumes परमाथॆ विचार : सात भाग
15. Hraday Rahashya ह्रदय रहस्य
16. Balkan ri Vaar बाळकां री वार
17. Balkan ri Pothi बाळकां री पोथी
18. Lekh Sangrah लेख संग्रह
19.Saankhya Kareeka सांख्यकारिका
20. Tatva Samaas तत्व समास
21. Yog Sutra योग सूत्र

The main publishers of Bavji’s literature were: 1. Mewad Shiv Shakti Peeth, City Palace, Udaipur. 2. Sanskrit Granthagar, O/s Chanpole, Udaipur. 3.Bhartiya Pustak Bhandar, Nani Gali, Jagadeesh Chowk, Udaipur. 4. Hiteshi Pustak Bhandar, Surajpole, Udaipur. 5. Maharana Mewar Foundation, City
Palace, Udaipur. 6. Mewad Kshatriya Maha Sabha, Central Unit,

masks: Chatur Bavji Bavji Chatur Chatur Chatur Chatur


title: Bavji Chatur Singhji

texts:
 Chitrakoot Nagar, Bhuwana, Udaipur.7. Chirag Prakashan, Prabhat Nagar, Sector 5, Udaipur. 8. <mask> Bagh, 5, Residency Road, Sardarpura, Udaipur. <mask> also wrote several letters to his friends, relatives, associates, which are also highly enlightening, some of these have been published by the recipients. He also published his thoughts in magazines and newspapers. Signature of <mask> <mask> <mask> on the "Dedication"- MANSIK SEVA NAJRANO - mental service presentation - of his newly published treatise on Ramayana - MAANAV MITRA: SHRI RAM CHARITRA
to Maharana Fateh <mask> of Mewad (his uncle)

His religious philosophy is best presented in one of his more popular Bhajan (devotional song).धरम रा गेला री गम नी है, जीशूँ अतरी लड़ा लड़ी है ।।
शंकर, बद्ध, मुहम्मद, ईशा, शघलां साँची की' है ।
अरथ सबांरो एक मिल्यो है, पण बोली बदली है।।... Path of religion is not such,
That there should be so much fight and destruction,
Shanker, Buddha, Mohammad, Jesus,
Have all taught righteousness,
Meaning of their teachings is one,
Only the tongues differ.... Cause of the problem has also been stated by him in the same Bhajan:

...आप आपरो मत आछो पण, आछो आप नहीं है।
आप आपरा मत री निंदा, आप आप शूं व्ही है।।...

...Our individual belief is good, but (sadly) WE are not good. Our own belief has been betrayed by ourselves only... The couplet (sortha, in which the first and third segments rhyme, but in a doha the second and fourth segments rhyme) on the portrait of Bavji sings praise of WORK – Work is Worship:
मेनत ने सुख मान, आरामी आलस गणे ।
मूरख वी मज मान, दो दनरा है देवला ।।

Mehnat ne such maan,Aarami aalus guney,
Moorakh vi muj maan, do dun ra hai dewla

Consider work a bliss, laziness leads one nowhere,
Oh fool! Do accept that the life is but short. The following three dohas of Bavji are doing round these days on the Facebook.As in above cases, their transliteration in Roman script and the thematic translations in English, but not the philosophical one, are given below which are of contemporary relevance. The first deals with the rampart corruption that we see all around and the second is regarding the atrocities on women. The third is regarding making oneself of relevance to the society. मुरदा मौजा घर करे, जिंदा जले मशाण ।Murda muaja ghar kare, Jinda jale mashaan,
अश्या नगर रो नाथ है, ऊद्या अलख पहचाण ।।Ashiya nagar ro naath hey, udaiya alkh pahechaan! The (morally) dead are enjoying life, but the (morally) alive are burning on pyre,
Such is the ruler of the land, take heed O! countryman! नारी नारी ने जाणे, पर नर सू अणजाण ।
जाण व्हियां पे नी जणे, उद्या अलख पहचाण  ।।

Naari nur ne janey, per nur soo unjaan,
Jaan vihyan pe ni juney, udiya alakh pehchaan.A Woman knows woman, but is unaware of man (his misdeeds),
She wouldn’t deliver him if she knows his true self! रेटं फरै चरक्यो फरै, पण फरवा मे फेर।
वो तो वाड़ हर्यो करै, वी छूंता रो ढेर।

Raint phurey charkiyo pharey, pun furva mein pher. Who to vaad hariyo karey, wein chuntha ko dher. Water-wheel rotates so does the sugarcane crusher,
While one greens the field, other yields trash! Four of the more popular Shloks (श्लोक) from the Great Geeta - their original Sanskrit text (each with Chapter & Shlok number), their Roman transliteration, their समश्लोकी translation in Mewadi by Bavji, and their English translation6 are given below:

कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन ।
मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते संगोऽस्त्वकर्मणि ।।2.47।।

Karmanyevadhikaraste maa phalesu kadachan,
Maa karmaphalaheturbhurma te sango’stvakarmani

कर्म रो अधिकारी थूं, कर्म रा फळ रो नहीं ।
छोड़ दे फळ री इच्छा, छोड़ दे कर्म त्याग रो ।।

So, O Arjun, your duty is in doing your deed, and not in its consequences. Hence do not get keyed up to the fruits of your labor. But don’t neglect your duty also.क्रोधाभ्दवति सम्मोहः सम्मोहात्स्र्मतिविर्भमः ।
सर्मतिर्भंशाद् बुध्दिनाशो बुध्दिनाशात्र्पणश्यति ।। 2.63।।

Krodhadbhavati sammohah sammohatsmrtivibhramah
Smrtibhramsad buddhinasho buddhinashatpranasyati

क्रोध शूँ भूलवा लागे, भूल शूँ सुध वीशरे ।
पछे व्हे’ बुध्दी रो नाश, जदी नाश सबी व्हियो ।।

The anger leads to stupidity and stupidity causes confused memory. A confuse memory destroys wisdom that leads to destruction. यदा यदा हि धर्मस्य ग्लानिर्भवति भारत ।
अभ्युत्यानधर्मस्य तदात्मानं सृजाम्यहम् ।।4.7।।

Yada yada hi dharmasya glanirbhavati bharat
Abhyutthanamadharmasya tadatmanamn srjamyaham

धर्म री घटती होवे, जीं जीं समय अरजुण ।
अधर्म वधवा लागे, जदी म्हूं अवतार लूं ।।

O Bharata (Arjun)! Whenever the forces of light (goodness or nobility) are on the retreat. And the forced of darkness (evil) on the advance (threatening to take over), I create my human form (incarnate). पुण्या गंधः पृथिव्यञ्च तेज श्वास्मि विभवसो ।
जीवनं सर्वभूतेषु तपश्वास्मि तपस्विषु ।।7.9।।

Punyo gandhah prthivyam chu tejashchami vibhavasau
Jivanam sarvabhutesu tapashchasmi tapasvisu

पवित्र गंध पृथ्वी में, अग्नी तेज हूं म्हूं ही ।
जींवां में जीवणो जाण, तपसी में म्हूं ही तप ।।

In earth I am its sacred scent, heat in fire,
Life in living beings and penance in sages. 7.Late Kr. Harish Chandra Singh Karjali, the great-grand nephew of Bavji, with his wife Krn. Pramila Kumari and their daughter’s son Shivam Singh Dugari at the Chatur Sadhana Sthal, Nauwa (1991)

8. Kuki Taruna Kumari, daughter of Kr. Harish Chandra Singh Karjali, feeding the children of Nauwa village at the Chatur Sadhana Sthal, Nauwa (1991)

9. Pushkar Gupteshwar Bhajan Mandali singing Bavji’s bhajans (devotional songs) and a fan dancing to it. 10.Another devotee dancing to <mask>’s bhajan

References

External links
www.geologydata.info
www.intach.org
www.mlsu.ac.in
www.jnvu.edu.in
www.intach.org

Further reading
Aadhyatm Diksha. 1999. Ed. SS Vyas & RS Mehta. Unique Publ., Udaipur, 41 p. A collection of letters of <mask> <mask> <mask> to his niece Smt. Ratan Kunwar Ranawat
Shiv Mahimnah Stotra. 1994.Ed. Radhey Shayam, Ganga Lal Mehta. Chaudhary Printers, Udaipur, 45 p
Sant Ram <mask> Kelwa – Vyaktitv Avm Kratitv. 2010. Onkar Singh Rathore. Chirag Publications, Udaipur. 95 p.
Yog Bhanu Prakashika, 1902, reprinted 1992.A treatise on Geeta by Yogivarya Thakur Gumaan <mask>. Maharana Mewar Historical Publication Trust, Udaipur. 200 p.g

20th-century Indian philosophers
Rajasthani

masks: Chatur Bavji Bavji Chatur Singhji Singhji Bavji Bavji Chatur Singhji Singhji Singhji


title: Kurban Said

texts:
<mask> (/, ) is the pseudonym of the author of Ali and Nino, a novel originally published in 1937 in the German language by the Austrian publisher E.P. Tal. The novel has since been published in more than 30 languages. The true identity of the author is in dispute. Meaning of the pseudonym "<mask>"
In Azerbaijan, where the novel "Ali and Nino"  is set, "Kurban" is pronounced "Gurban." The root of the word originates in the Semitic languages, and connotes "sacrifice", a traditional religious concept common to Middle Eastern cultures. "Said" means "joyful" or "fortunate."(However, in Turkic languages, such as Azerbaijani, adjectives precede the nouns they modify, so the name would need to be reversed as "Said Kurban" to accurately convey the meaning "joyful sacrifice," or "fortunate sacrifice.") This idea is in contrast to the plot of the novel, which is anything but happy. An underlying melancholy pervades the novel from beginning to end. Some people, including Orkhan Vazirov (1928–2010), the son of Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli (possibly the author of Ali and Nino), are convinced that the original pseudonym is more likely to have been "<mask> Seyid" or perhaps "Seyid Kurban." "Seyid" refers to someone who is recognized as a descendant of Mohammed, that is, a person of sacred lineage. Thus "Seyid Kurban" would more accurately convey the meaning "someone of sacred descent who has been sacrificed", which is exactly the theme of the novel Ali and Nino. Ali Khan, the protagonist, sacrifices himself for the dream for himself and his country to be free.He dies while resisting the Bolshevik takeover of his country (1920). Note that in the Azerbaijani language, both "Gurban" and "Seyid" can be used as either first or last names. Chamanzaminli's links to the pseudonym "<mask> <mask>"
Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli was a "seyid" himself, allegedly having been descended from Mohammed on both sides of his family. As for the name "Gurban," Chamanzaminli had written a short story titled "Gurban." In addition, he had referred to himself as gurban in correspondence with Azerbaijani Soviet authorities in 1925 when he was seeking permission to return home from Europe after having been on a diplomatic assignment abroad representing the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR) government, which was in opposition to the Bolsheviks. Chamanzaminli realized that historic circumstances made him a likely victim of politics, as most ADR government officials had been killed when the Bolsheviks came to power. Chamanzaminli would have had to have left the manuscript of Ali and Nino in Europe at this time, 1925–1926, as it was critical of the Bolshevik regime.It would have been suicidal to return to Baku with the manuscript in hand, as the Bolsheviks had executed most of the government officials of the former regime and any opposition. As it was, a decade later, the Azerbaijan Writers Union in 1937 were under orders from Stalin to purge anyone from their ranks who did not embrace the Soviet ideology. Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli was accused of introducing "counter-revolutionary" ideas through the anti-heroes of his novels, and soon afterwards, he was arrested and sentenced to the GULag, where he died in 1943. Chamanzaminli used the pseudonym "Ali Khan Chamanzaminli" in some of his earliest works, published in 1911. Ali Khan is also the name of the main character in the novel Ali and Nino. Lev Nussimbaum and the pseudonym "<mask> <mask>"

Lev Nussimbaum, who wrote in German under the pen name of Essad Bey, is also linked to the pseudonym "<mask> <mask>," and by some observers to the novel Ali and Nino. When Lev Nussimbaum, still in his early 30s, began confronting the possibility of his own death from Buerger's Disease, he set out to write his autobiography, titling it The Man who Knew Nothing about Love (Der Mann, der von der Liebe nichts verstand).He signed it "Kurban Said." Although never published, Der Mann was advertised in 1937 as if it had  been published and was available for purchase. This was the same year in which Ali and Nino appeared. Tom Reiss, author of The Orientalist, concludes that since 'The Man Who Knew Nothing about Love" was the work of Lev Nussimbaum, then he was also the author of Ali and Nino. However, even Reiss warns his readers that Nussimbaum's own statements about his own identity were the least credible. "Years of collecting every shred of evidence I could of his existence revealed that … Lev's simplest statements about himself—name, race, nationality—are the ones that can least be trusted." It is possible that Nussimbaum was, in signing "Der Mann" as <mask> <mask>, appropriating a nom de plume already in use.Close examination suggests that one should be cautious about equating Lev Nussimbaum with other works published by "<mask> <mask>." Research indicates that Essad Bey did have his fingers in the "Ali and Nino" narrative, particularly in descriptive folkloric and legendary passages which often contained erroneous material but that the original manuscript of "Ali and Nino" did not originate with him but with the Azerbaijani writer Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli (1887–1942). At issue is whether Lev Nussimbaum was within his rights to use the pseudonym, and whether the name actually originated with him. The problem with the "Der Mann" narrative is that though it started out as a semi-autobiographical account, it quickly lapsed into a tale of vengeance within a fictional framework about a "Dr. X." Even Reiss admits that "Der Mann" is a "sprawling, improbable tale." This, in turn, casts doubt on Lev Nussimbaum's claims to the rightful use of the pseudonym "<mask> <mask>."Dr. Wilfried Fuhrmann in Germany has transcribed and published all six of the hand-written German "Der Mann" Notebooks. He concludes that Notebooks 3 and 6 are the most damaging to Essad Bey's reputation. "To varying degrees, they are a mixture of malice and slander, as well as pathological hubris and arrogance." For example, Essad Bey suggests that any woman who commits adultery should be tied up in a sack with a wild cat and thrown into the Bosphorus, or buried up to her head in the desert sands to be devoured at night by wild dogs. At the time, Nussimbaum was going through a scandalous divorce with his own wife Erika Loewendahl. However, the content and spirit of "Ali and Nino" which was published at the same time as Der Mann was advertised as being published (1937) is entirely the opposite, and Ali Khan truly was in love with Nino and did everything within his capability to foster her development and well-being. In truth, the two narratives are so unlike each other that it is impossible to imagine them being written by the same person.Essad Bey signed his Final Will as "Essad Bey also known as Leo Nussimbaum and Lev Nussenbaum." No mention whatsoever is made of "Kurban Said." Essad Bey signed this Will (July 27, 1941) about a year before he died (August 27, 1942) and four years after Ali and Nino (1937) had been published. Vacca's claims to the pseudonym "<mask> <mask>"

Bello Vacca, an Italian born in Tripoli, who often went by the alias Ahmed Giamil Vacca-Mazzara also laid claim to the pseudonym <mask> <mask>. During the early 1970s, he appeared on the doorstep of Baron Omar Rolf Ehrenfels, husband of Elfriede Ehrenfels, who had registered "Ali and Nino" with German authorities. Vacca introduced himself: "<mask> <mask>, C'est moi!" ("Kurban <mask>, It's me!").The Ehrenfels were astonished. Vacca also wrote British publisher Hutchinson in 1975 claiming that he, as <mask> <mask>, had collaborated on several books with Essad Bey and they had had plans to publish them together – "Kurban Said" and "Essad Bey". Vacca named two titles: "Jihad" (Sacred Way) and "Kaloglan: From Samarkand to Tangiers." Vacca was a friend of Essad Bey as well as his drug dealer and he was expelled from Egypt in 1938 on charges of drug dealing and arms smuggling. Vacca also is the person who arranged and financed the Muslim-style gravestone capped with a stone-carved turban for Essad Bey, who is buried in the sea coast town of Positano, Italy. In 1944 – two years after Essad Bey's death – it was Vacca who arranged for the translation of "Ali and Nino" into Italian for the first time. However, although he had already identified the title as "Ali and Nino" in the obituary tribute that he had written for Essad Bey in 1942; in the 1944 edition of the novel, Vacca changed the title to "Ali Khan" and identified the author as "M. Essad Bey," instead of "<mask> <mask>."After all, he himself claimed to be <mask> <mask>. Vacca introduced further changes in the Ali Khan novel, most prominently, the name of Ali's true love "Nino Kipiani" and whose name had been part of the original title of the novel ("Ali and Nino") became "Erica Kipiani", based upon the name of Lev Nussimbaum's estranged wife, Erika Loewendahl, who had left him in 1937 to marry Rene Fulop-Miller. Vacca tried to make the case that he himself was related to Essad Bey, four generations back –  the implication being that Vacca himself was "sole survivor" and, thus, in line to inherit Essad Bey's wealth. The motivation became evident in correspondence from Vacca to Omar Rolf Ehrenfels asking his advice in regard to approaching Hutchinson Publishers (London) who he said had not paid Essad Bey for the biography of Reza Shah. Vacca sought to claim the money and told Ehrenfels that he had his papers all in order as proof of the kinship relationship. Vacca's explanation of the meaning of name "Kurban <mask>"

Vacca claimed that the creation of the name "Kurban <mask>" was totally accidental—the result of a misunderstanding—which later became a private joke between him and Essad Bey. According to Vacca, the incident took place in Turkey during the festival of kurban Bayrami, the religious Muslim Festival of Sacrifice (Eid), which is commemorated annually to acknowledge God's mercy in providing Abraham with a ram as a substitute sacrifice for his son Ismayil.Vacca described the scenario as follows: 1936. A lecture hall in the National Library of Istanbul (Old City). He and Essad Bey had set aside four days to work together on "Ali and Nino." Essad Bey was conversing with someone when Vacca arrived. "I addressed them both with the greeting, "Kurban Said," which Vacca explained, means "Happy Kurban Holiday." Vacca continued: It turned out that it was a foreigner—a tourist—who had been talking with Essad Bey. He misunderstood the custom and thought I was introducing myself as "Kurban <mask>."And so the foreigner had smiled and replied: "Nice to meet you, Mr. <mask> <mask>." "Ever since then, Essad Bey jokingly called me 'Kurban <mask>,' and when he was looking for a pseudonym for the novel, he asked me if he could use it and I agreed." Objections
Others, however, have objected to Vacca's claims. For example, Azerbaijan International shows that from a cultural point of view, Vacca's claims do not stand up to scrutiny. There is no greeting, "Kuban Said" or "Gurban Said," in any of the countries which celebrate this holiday – not in Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iran, or other Turkic-speaking or Islamic countries in Central Asia, or Arabic-speaking countries. And since this holiday Gurban Bayrami was and still is the biggest holiday in Turkey, all libraries would have been closed. Furthermore, other than Vacca's account, there is no proof that Essad Bey had even gone to Istanbul to work on the novel.Nor is there any other witness claiming that Vacca had been involved at all with editing "Ali and Nino." References
Notes

External links
 Covers of Ali and Nino translated into more than 30 languages. Who Wrote Azerbaijan's Most Famous Novel – Ali and Nino, The Business of Literature." in Azerbaijan International, Vol. 15:2–4 (2011). 364 pages. Available in Azeri or English .What People are saying about Azerbaijan International's research about the Authorship of Ali and Nino. Paul Goble, "Not Just a Question of Authorship: A Literary Excavation into "Ali and Nino," at AZER.com, search Goble." Reiss, Tom, The Orientalist: Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life, Random House, 2005,  (the promotional website for the book). Azerbaijani novelists
Azerbaijani male novelists
20th-century Azerbaijani novelists
20th-century male writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers

masks:
Kurban Said
Kurban Said
Kurban
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Kurban
Said
Said
Said
Said
Kurban
Said
Said


title: Eruviel Ávila Villegas

texts:
<mask> (born May 1, 1969) is a Mexican politician, member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI), and the Governor of the State of Mexico from 2011 to 2017. Before that, he was Mayor of Ecatepec de Morelos twice, from 2003 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2012, and deputy of the State of Mexico's Congress. Biography
Born at Ecatepec de Morelos in Mexico State, <mask> has a Law bachelor's degree from the Universidad Tecnológica de México (UNITEC), and a Master's and Doctor's degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). <mask> has been a teacher at UNITEC. He is author of the book "The Creation of the Constitutional Court in the State of Mexico" ("La Creación de la Corte Constitucional del Estado de México") published in 2003, a joint publication of the Legislative Investigations Institute of the State of Mexico Congress and the State of Mexico's Public Administration Institute. From 1994 to 1996, he was secretary of the municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos. He was elected deputy of the State of Mexico Congress twice, from 1997 to 2000 in the LIII Legislature and from 2006 to 2009 in the LVI Legislature, where he was also named Coordinator of the PRI's Parliamentary Group and chairman of the board of Political Coordination.He was Subsecretary of the State of Mexico's municipal government in Nezahualcóyotl from 2001 to 2002 and PRI's President of the Directive State Council in 2006. He has been elected Mayor of Ecatepec de Morelos for two periods, from 2003 to 2006 and from 2009 to 2012. In 2010 he was elected President of the National Federation of Municipalities (FENAMM), where 1,510 of the country's municipalities are grouped. On March 26, 2011, he requested license to be excused as Mayor of Ecatepec, and the next day he registered as PRI's candidate for Governor of the State of Mexico. Trajectory and formation

Eruviel <mask> <mask> is a graduated lawyer from the Universidad Tecnológica de México (Unitec) has a master's degree and a doctorate, both in law, from the Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM), he's the author from the book "La creación de la Corte Constitucional del Estado de México" a co-publication between the Instituto de Investigaciones Legislativas del Congreso del Estado de México and the Instituto de Administración Pública from the State of Mexico. He started his political career as Secretary from the local government of Ecatepec Morelos from 1994 to 1996, in two occasions was elected as a congressman for the State of Mexico congress between the years 1997 to 200, and for a second time from 2006 to 2009, where he served as coordinator of the parliamentary group from the Institutional Revolutionary Party and as a president of the Political Coordination Assembly. Elected as a municipal mayor from Ecatepec twise, from 2003 to 2006, then from 2009 to 2012.Was an undersecretary from the state of Mexico government in Nezahualcoyotl region from 2001 to 2002 and the president of the Comite Direcitvo Estatal from the PRI in 2006. On March 26, 2011, he requested permission to leave his charge as a municipal mayor from Ecatepec for start a registration as a candidate as governor of the State of Mexico on March 27. Governor of State of Mexico

Health

On November 18, 2014, as governor of the State of Mexico, he opened the center "Ciudad de la Salud para la Mujer" in Cautitlan city. This center brings specialized attention to women, offering special attention on geriatrics and maternity, a specialized area on detection and prevention on breast cancer, and psychological help on addiction treatments are given in the center too. Months after it was opened and thanks to the good results, a second center was opened in Huixquilucan on May 11, 2015. The president of Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto gave instructions to copy this kind of center for another cities around the country. On child health, he opened a lactaction bank in different zones around the State of Mexico.The first was the Hospital Materno-Infantil "Mónica Pretelini", opened on January 15, 2013 in Toluca city, the second bank was opened in Chalco called Hospital Materno-Infantil "Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez", it attends more than 9 thousand mothers. After it another one was opened in Naucalpan on August 9, 2013 and after a month 3 more banks were opened in Atlacomulco, Tenancingo and Ecatepec. On June 19, 2013 <mask> Avila received the award from the International Union against Cancer for the best governmental organization, thanks to his actions on prevention and attention on this decease. By June 2013, the first robotized pharmacy was opened in Cuautitlán city, built to provide exactly dosage and prevent auto medication, after that the Specialized on VIH Center started operations in Ixtapaluca, the first of its kind in the country. Meanwhile, his administration, the Instituto Materno Infantil del Estado de México gave for the first time an electronic vaccination booklet. In November 2014, the Health Secretary gave to the State of Mexico a certification as the first entity in Mexico free from malaria since the past 25 years. On June 3, 2015 the first Regional Blood Bank was opened at the Valle de México, where urgencies from west zone and all the Valle de México are attended.<mask> <mask> was the first blood donor for the bank. A specialized in addictions center (Centro Especializado de Prevención y Rehabilitación de Adicciones) in Metepec city started operating on a July 29, 2015 where they give special treatments for addictions. Social development

On August 12, 2012 with the help from the Health Secretary, started the Caravana de la Salud, an initiative where mobile units bring medical attention to the different Estado de Mexico zones in need from health. Thanks to the "Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia" (DIFEM) and the Secretaria de Desarrollo Agropecuario started an initiative called Canastas Alimentarias Hortofruticolas, which was designed to improve the nutrition from poor families and to contribute in the consume of agricultural products, fruits and vegetables of the region. During Eruviel Avila administration was implemented the "needed divorce", a legal term that facilitated the process of divorce in child abuse inside the family cases, reducing prices for these cases. Centers for Raped Women were implemented for victims of these social problem. For families with just one parent a program called "De la mano con Papá" was developed to bring capacitation, alimentation programs, medical attention and other things.By the year 2013, a translation in different dialects about the kids and teenager's rights was made with the purpose to expand these rights to natives Mexicans. That same year, was opened the "Procuraduria para la Defensa del Contribuyente" a mechanism in charged to defend and promote the citizen who pay their taxes. By the end of 2015, the Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia from State of Mexico (DIF) inaugurated a special clinic for nutrition called NutriDIF, this center as equipped with the needed technology to optimize different nutrition programs for poor families. Education

With the purpose of generate more opportunities for students who try to get into the productive sector; the Estado de Mexico government established in 2011 a dual education model, this kind of educational model is currently used in countries as Germany, Denmark and France among others, all this in order to link students of high school and bachelor's degree with work field via internships in the productive industry. During the second year of Eruviel Avila's public management was started the program called " 10 Actions for Education"  which is targeted to students of all educational levels. All the students who meet all the requirements of this program will qualify to benefits as economic support through the card "La Efectiva", school accident insurance, student exchange scholarships, computers, special education support, scholar kits, among others benefits; Another programs have been developed within this actions, for example "Left-handed Students Program"  and "Digital Skills for Everyone". Regarding to educational infrastructure, in 2012 the "Digital University of Estado de Mexico" was inaugurated, this educational center has an educational offer of 26 professional careers, besides the opportunity of study a high school, bachelor or master's degree in prestige educational centers; in May 2015 the "Unidad de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec  (school belonging to Universidad Mexiquense del Bicentenario) opened its doors, nowadays this center has an enrollment of 500 students in careers like Business Management Engineering, Logistics and Distribution Engineering among others.On the other hand, until 2015 were inaugurated 164 of the called "Digital Libraries"  in collaboration with "Fundacion Proacceso", "Enova" and State government, this kind of places offers availability of ebooks, audiobooks and internet for free. In 2012 was signed the ‘Acuerdo Estratégico por la Educación Media Superior y Superior’ en el Edoméx que cuentan con servicio de libros electrónicos, audiolibros e internet de forma gratuita y, hasta 2015, suman 164, which was countersigned in 2015, due to the high number of people who applied and don't achieve enter to Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, this agreement allows to nine thousand students to enter to high school education and four thousand students to University education in one of the more of 400 educational centers along the state. Also, the program "Apoyo a la Gestion Escolar", which began in May 2013, gives funds to obtain equipment and furniture to kindergarten, elementary and middle schools and grant optimal conditions for students in more of two thousand school along the state. Few months later, the first stage of "Programa de Infraestructura Prefabricados" started, in this program were invested more of 16 million Mexican pesos to improve infrastructure as toilets, cafeterias, classrooms computing and classrooms in general with prefabricated materials which allow a quick installation besides of been double resistant. In August 2013 the pilot program "Red Escolar de Colaboración y Reforzamiento Educativo Oportuno (RECREO)" was implemented, with this program more of four thousand electronic tablets were delivered to students of elementary schools; the main goal of this program is to monitor the improvement of the students at the same time that technology is introducing to students and teachers of fifth and sixth grade. In both to strengthen the improvement of children, in November 2013, the Estado de Mexico government launched the program called "Programa por una cultura de vida saludable", through which information about hygiene, nutrition and health is offered by different talks to students of elementary, in addition to this, another goal is to encourage them to play sports with which their quality of life is improved. In order to identify and combat the scholar bullying in state schools the program "Programa de VAlores por una Convivencia Escolar Armonica" was started, which developed an Anti-bullying training workshop called ZERO, this program was a recommendation for Latin-American countries by the European Union, likewise were developed the "Comites de Convivencia Escolar Armonica de Educacion Media Superior", which are committees specialized with the main objective of generate actions to contribute to change the social environment in the educational centers.Also the Education Ministry of the state in addition with International Affairs Ministry made available to all Mexican citizens who live in the US the program "Programa de Atencion a Migrantes en Servicios de Control Escolar" in order to make easier via web the process to obtain official documents which support their educational training conducted in any of the Estado de Mexico's schools. In 2015 with the firm intention of reduce waiting times, procedures and costs, the program "Titulacion Simplificada" was implemented, this program gives the students the opportunity to obtain their high school or university certification in a very quick and simple way; this allows to more of 66 thousand students to obtain their certification with a low cost of time and money. Tourism

In 2011 was signed the agreement with federal authorities for the improvement and development of Teotihuacán Tourism Corridors and East Zone. In September 2012 in coordination with the federation, held the Amendment Agreement Reallocation of Resources, which had the perform work to perfect the urban image, train and certify personnel to ensure quality service in the Magic Towns and the State of Mexico. An example of the work done was the changes in the distribution network of overhead power lines to underground in Metepec, these works allowed removing power poles and thereby improve the image of the Magic Town. About tourism security, in 2013 the Tourist Police was established in Tepotzotlán, this corporation has bilingual element as their preparation is focused on providing the foreign and domestic tourists needed care. To promote the crafts of the entity, in May 2013 he made an agreement with the Vatican State to commercialize the works of Mexican artisans in the showcases of museums in the city, that became the State of Mexico in the first entity in exporting to the Vatican.In gastronomic tourism, Eruviel <mask> run the Dinner in The Sky Experience in Teotihuacán. This food experience is about enjoying food cooked with typical ingredients and prepared by renowned chefs in a 147.5 ft platform. Cultural festivals have been a resource to stimulate the tourism in Estado de México. A good example is the Cultural Festival of Malinalco; this festival started in April 2014 to promote culture and tourism in the local town. In the other hand, the government have created public spaces that promote ecotourism, like the ecotouristic park Corral de Piedra in Amanalco. In July 2014, Eruviel <mask> and Secretaría de Turismo Federal presented a touristic space for the monarch butterfly. In October 2015, the UNESCO gave Teotihuacán a special protection against any situation to preserve the archeological zone.By the end of 2015, Eruviel <mask> gave five towns the nomination of Pueblo mágico. Estado de México is the state with more towns in this category and have implemented diverse programs to stimulate tourism. CONAGO

During his position as president of the CONAGO (Conferencia Nacional de Gobernadores), Eruviel <mask> treated different subjects related to transparency, formality on jobs, an only police power, between others. Speaking of transparency, some agreements were promoted with the Public Funsion Secretary, SFP (Secretaria de la Función Publica) and the Nacional System of Transparency (SNT) to consolidate responsible and transparent governments, thanks to the right of free access to information and the fight to corruption inside the public politics. By October 2015, the federal government and the CONAGO made an agreement called CIEN (Certificación de Infraestructura en Educación) with the purpose of attend and improve the infrastructure of the school buildings. In the labor trade, the CONAGO pushed some politics for the inclusion of people with disabilities to the labor market. By November 2015, in association with the CONASETRA (Conferencia Nacional de Secretarios del Trabajo) a trade of labor politics was made, where the priority to include the young people in the labor market was exposed, increasing the job opportunities and the diffusion of those, reducing the difficulties to find a first job and creating innovating micro business programs.In December 2015, a trade in collaboration with the CONAGO and SCHP, the use for an electronic signature called FIEL was stablished, this mechanism was created to speed up and make clear all the fiscal procedures. In equality and genre discrimination, the CONAGO made a deal with the secretary of external relationships, Claudia Ruiz Massieu, who claimed the different international agreements that Mexico has with the Convencion sobre la Eliminiación de todas las Formas de discriminación contra la Mujer, a convention for women discriminated. Trying to create secure corporations for citizens, Eruviel <mask> stablished the process of ratify profiles and attitudes before designate a function to people in charge from the institutions of social security. In January 2016, an initiative about the implementation of a Unic State Police was presented to the Congress searching for a better police in the state. In economy of the state, some proposals and agreements were exposed to promote the exports, bring external investment and help Mexican companies at the exterior; an example for this was the creation of an agreement between the CONAGO and ProMexico. References

External links

 Eruviel <mask> in Twitter
 Eruviel <mask> in Facebook
 Eruviel <mask>'s video channel in YouTube

1969 births
Living people
Governors of the State of Mexico
People from Ecatepec de Morelos
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Mexican people of Spanish-Jewish descent
Municipal presidents in the State of Mexico
Universidad Tecnológica de México alumni
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni

masks:
Eruviel Ávila Villegas
Eruviel Ávila Villegas
Ávila Villegas
Ávila
Villegas
Eruviel
Eruviel
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila
Ávila