title: Royal N. Baker

texts:
Lieutenant General <mask> "King" <mask> (November 27, 1918 – May 1, 1976) was a United States Air Force flying ace during the Korean War. He accrued 13 victories in the war. <mask> was one of the few military aviators who flew operationally in World War II, Korea, and Vietnam. Biography
<mask> was born in Corsicana, Texas, in 1918, where he graduated from high school in 1936. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in industrial arts from North Texas State Teachers College in 1941. He began his military career as an aviation cadet at Hicks Field, Texas, in June 1941, and graduated from flight training in January 1942 with a commission as second lieutenant. He then attended Army Air Forces Observer School at Brooks Field, Texas.In March 1942 he joined the 308th Fighter Squadron of the 31st Fighter Group at New Orleans, Louisiana, and went with the group to Atcham Army Air Forces Station, England, in June 1942, the first American fighter group to reach England. The group was subsequently equipped with British Spitfire aircraft and Aug. 19, 1942, participated in the historic Dieppe Raid. Three months later, the group moved to North Africa, where General <mask> piloted the British fighter in air operations over Algeria, Tunisia, and Sicily. For his aerial combat achievements, General <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal with 16 oak leaf clusters. In November 1943 <mask> was assigned as flight commander with the 493rd Fighter Squadron, 48th Fighter Group, at Tullahoma, Tenn. Early in 1944, he went to the European Theater of Operations with the group which was assigned to the Ninth Air Force. He flew P-47 Thunderbolt aircraft in the campaigns of Air Offensive, Europe; Normandy; and Rhineland.He was awarded the Silver Star for gallantry in action and also received an oak leaf cluster to the Distinguished Flying Cross. By the end of his second European tour of duty, he had flown a total of 523 hours on 272 combat missions in British Spitfire and Thunderbolt fighter aircraft. <mask> returned to the United States in December 1944 and served for a year as assistant director and director of fighter pilot training units. He was relieved from active duty in November 1945. In July 1947 <mask> reentered active duty and was named commander of the 115th Army Air Forces Base Unit at Stewart Field, N.Y. In December 1947 he was transferred to Mitchel Air Force Base, N.Y., as commander of the 2nd Fighter Squadron, 52d Fighter Group, and became group operations officer. He next attended the Air Command and Staff School, Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.In October 1950 he was transferred to McGuire Air Force Base, N.J., as director of operations and training for the 52nd All-Weather Wing and later was commander of the 52nd Fighter Interceptor Group. When the 52nd Wing was reorganized, he was appointed director of operations of the 4709th Air Defense Wing. He went to Korea in April 1952 and assumed command of the 4th Fighter Interceptor Group, Far East Air Forces. During the Korean War, he flew 127 missions and accumulated 199 combat hours in F-86 Sabre jet aircraft and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and Legion of Merit. He was the leading jet ace when he returned home and is the 21st jet ace of the Korean War, with 13 enemy aircraft destroyed. In March 1953 <mask> was assigned to Air Defense Command with duty station at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., where he served as liaison project officer, Directorate of Plans and Requirements; in July 1955 became ADC project officer for the Directorate of Operations and Training; and in May 1957 became director of testing for the Air Force Flight Test Center of the Air Research and Development Command. He graduated from the National War College in June 1961.He next assumed command of the 20th Tactical Fighter Wing at Royal Air Force Station Wethersfield, England. In June 1963 he was appointed deputy commander of Third Air Force with headquarters at South Ruislip, England. In July 1964 General <mask> returned to Washington, D.C., and assumed duties as chief of Regional Division 1, Plans and Policy Directorate of the Organization of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was assigned in August 1966 as vice commander of Twelfth Air Force with headquarters at Waco, Texas. In March 1968 <mask> went to the Republic of Vietnam as assistant chief of staff for plans, Military Assistance Command Vietnam, and in July 1968 assumed duties as vice commander, Seventh Air Force. He flew 140 combat sorties and piloted every kind of U.S. Air Force combat aircraft based in Vietnam. In July 1969 he was appointed commander, Seventeenth Air Force, Ramstein Air Base, West Germany, with dual responsibility to command NATO's Allied Sector Three.In February 1971 he was assigned as chief, Military Assistance Advisory Group, with headquarters at Bonn, Germany. In January 1973 <mask> became vice commander, Aerospace Defense Command, at Ent Air Force Base, Colo. Because of the consolidation of Continental Air Defense Command and Aerospace Defense Command headquarters he was appointed assistant vice commander on July 1, 1973, and in January 1974 was renamed vice commander until his retirement from the Air Force on August 1, 1975. <mask> died on April 17, 1976, and was buried at the Pecan Grove Cemetery in McKinney, Texas. Awards and decorations
Royal <mask>'s ribbons as they appeared at retirement:

See also
List of Korean War flying aces

References

Sources

1918 births
1976 deaths
American Korean War flying aces
American Vietnam War pilots
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
United States Air Force personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Order (Vietnam)
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
United States Air Force generals
People from Corsicana, Texas
Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Korea)
Military personnel from Texas

masks:
Royal Newman
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title: Surin Pitsuwan

type: original

texts:
<mask> (; ; Yawi: سورين عبدالحاليم بن اسماعيل ڤيتسووان; October 28, 1949 – November 30, 2017) was a Thai politician. He was a Thai Malay from Nakhon Si Thammarat. Early years
<mask> studied at Thammasat University, Thailand, where he received his BA in political science. He graduated cum laude from Claremont Mens College, California, in political science in 1972. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation, he went on to pursue his studies at Harvard University, receiving his MA in 1974. He spent one and a half years studying Arabic and doing research at the American University in Cairo, Egypt, from 1975 to 1977. From 1977 to 1980, he was a researcher for the Human Rights Studies Program, Thai Studies Institute, and the Ford Foundation at Thammasat University.He became a congressional fellow under the sponsorship of the American Political Science Association (APSA) from 1983 to 1984, working in the US capitol. During this period he taught international relations at the American University in Washington, D.C. He returned to Harvard to complete his PhD in 1982. His dissertation was entitled, Islam and Malay Nationalism. Political career
<mask> <mask> was elected member of parliament from Nakhon Si Thammarat for the first time in 1986 and became secretary to the Speaker of the House of Representatives the same year. In 1988, he was appointed assistant secretary to the Minister of Interior. From 1992 until 1995, he served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs before becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1997, serving in this capacity until 2001.<mask> <mask> was chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum from 1999 until 2000. In addition to his political career, <mask> taught at Thammasat University and wrote for two English daily newspapers in Bangkok between 1980 and 1992. He was academic assistant to the Dean of the Faculty of Political Science and later to the Vice Rector for Academic Affairs at Thammasat University from 1985 to 1986. ASEAN Secretary-General

On 18 June 2007, the Thai cabinet unanimously endorsed the recommendation of the Thai Foreign Ministry that <mask> <mask> be nominated as the Thai candidate for Secretary-General of ASEAN. He was confirmed by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers during their 40th annual meeting in Manila in July 2007 and succeeded Ong Keng Yong from Singapore on 1 January 2008. His term of office was five years. The Economist magazine, commenting that most secretaries-general are "usually a senior regional official rewarded with the post as the crowning boondoggle in a career of not rocking the boat", states that <mask> is different in that he seeks an activist role in member states.<mask> <mask> was the first ASEAN Secretary-General with significant political experience. On 1 January 2013, he handed over his post to Le Luong Minh, the next ASEAN Secretary-General. On 17 January he announced that he would be ready to take over Thailand's education ministry "if given the chance". <mask>'s tenure at ASEAN saw the rise of the regional organization into an important global player in international affairs. "He will be a hard act to follow", said Professor Amitav Acharya of the American University in Washington D.C. Under <mask>'s stewardship, Acharya said, ASEAN moved away from the principle of "non-interference in the internal affairs" of member states that had been used by some to deflect criticisms of their human rights records, and the grouping succeeded in setting up its own Human Rights Commission. The change in direction followed <mask>'s advocacy of a policy of "flexible engagement" towards Myanmar when he was Foreign Minister from 1997 through 2000.The policy called for increasing interactions with Myanmar leaders when they took steps towards reform, and building people-to-people contacts between nations. Prior to that, ASEAN had been criticized by some for its policy of "constructive engagement", which detractors said was simply a cover for business persons to ignore government repression. Acharya said that <mask> would be remembered for guiding the grouping through challenging times, including the opening up of Myanmar, the United States entry into the East Asia Summit, and rising tensions over the South China Sea. "He was the most active, open and globalized ASEAN secretary-general ever", he said. An editorial in the Jakarta Post lauded <mask> as the most effective of the 12 secretaries-general in the group's history. Affiliations

Since 2003, he was a member of the board of trustees for The Asia Foundation. Since October 2013, <mask> served as on the board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), a private diplomacy organization whose mission is to prevent armed violence through mediation and dialogue.<mask> was a member of the Commission on Human Security, a member of the advisory board of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, and a member of the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization. <mask>'s eldest son, Fuadi <mask>wan Foundation in 2019. The foundation will focus on three areas: education, diplomacy, and human security. The foundation will provide scholarships to ASEAN students to study abroad, within and without the region, to spur ASEAN integration and encourage academic excellence. The foundation will fund diplomacy programs in interfaith dialogue and conflict resolution to further ASEAN integration. On human security, the foundation will assist in disaster relief and respond to development needs that will help secure the future of ASEAN's citizens. Death
<mask> died on 30 November 2017 of heart failure.He collapsed while preparing to address the Thailand Halal Assembly 2017 in Bangkok. He was 68. Honours
Surin has received the following royal decorations in the Honours System of Thailand:
  Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of The Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
  Knight Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant

Foreign honour
 : Honorary Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (2015)
 : Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry
 Distinguished Fellow of JICA-RI

Academic rank
 Professor Emeritus of Thammasat University

References

External links

PROFILE Surin Pitsuwan: A Bridge between East and West
Biography
Video Speech by Pitsuwan
Insurgency in the south
Malay-Muslim Insurgency Gaining Ground

1949 births
2017 deaths
Secretaries-General of ASEAN
Harvard University alumni
The American University in Cairo
American University faculty and staff
Harvard University faculty
<mask> Pitsuwan
Surin Pitsuwan
Surin Pitsuwan
Surin Pitsuwan
Rockefeller Fellows
Surin Pitsuwan
Surin Pitsuwan
Surin Pitsuwan
Honorary Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia

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title: Ergun Çağatay

texts:
<mask> was a Turkish photographer and photo-journalist of international renown. A professional photo-reporter working free lance for major international news agencies, his life changed dramatically when he was badly wounded in 1983 during the ASALA attack on the Turkish Airlines counter at the Orly airport outside of Paris. His later growing interest in Central Asia led to his publishing Turkic-Speaking Peoples: 1500 Years of Art And Culture from Inner Asia to the Balkans in 2006. Early life
Çağatay was born in İzmir on 15 January 1937 to <mask>, a lawyer and later senator from the Republican People's Party and his wife Kamran, a housewife. He studied at Robert College in Istanbul from the age of eleven onwards, and upon graduation entered the Faculty of Law at Istanbul University at the instigation of his father, although he himself wished to study painting. Nevertheless, deciding he did not wish to practice law, he got a job in an advertising firm in 1964, working as a "copywriter"; and, a short time later, in response to an advertisement, found himself embarked on what would be a lifetime career for him: journalism. From 1968 onwards, he complemented his reporting with photography, and worked as a photo-journalist for the Associated Press, and later, from 1974 onwards, for the Gamma Agency in Paris.His articles and photographs started being published in major international magazines. In 1981 and 1982, he worked for the Time/Life magazine group in New York City. His photograph of a liver transplant made the Life cover. Back in Istanbul after that, he worked freelance for the Turkish press as well international news agencies, and his busy schedule required frequent traveling. Near-fatal bomb
It was during what he thought was just another international trip, as he waited at Paris's Orly Airport on 15 July 1983 with the other 100 and more passengers to board a Turkish Airlines plane, that he became the near-fatal victim of a terrorist bomb, thrown by the Marxist–Leninist ASALA (Armée Secrète Arménienne de Libération de l'Arménie) group. Eight people died as a result, and fifty-six were wounded, among them Çağatay. Having survived but badly burned, he spent the next five years under treatment, frequently visiting burn centers, was operated on often and remained hospitalized for long periods of time, first in France then in his native Turkey.His first photography project, even before he could return to professional life, was a photo essay he made in 1984 on burned patients in the very same hospital in Paris where he was treated for his wounds. Change of direction in career
His career changed scope and direction, as he moved from current news to a different kind of photo-reporting: he photographed an extensive selection of old manuscripts found in the Topkapı Museum Library in Istanbul. The photo-essay, the first of its kind on the topic, appeared in leading magazines in France, the United States, Spain, and Japan. In 1990-1991 he started a widespread study of second-generation immigrants in Europe, but due to lack of funds he failed to complete it. Work in Central Asia
Çağatay began working in Central Asia in 1993. He had traveled so far more than 150,000 kilometers in the region and taken more than 40,000 photographs. He also did research in the photo archives of the countries of the region and compiled a sampling of these as an extensive photo exhibition entitled “Once Upon a Time in Central Asia” which was on display in the following countries:

Union of Painters, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, May 1966
State Fine Arts Museum, Almaty, Kazakhstan, June 1996
Memorial Museum, Austin, Texas, February/March 1997
Kashiwazaki/Nigata, Japan, October 1997 - January 1998
Gustavianum Museum, Uppsala, Sweden, November 1999

He had founded the company Tetragon, which published in 1996 a large-format book under the same title as the exhibition.He moreover co-produced a documentary film on the ecological disaster of the Aral Sea. An abbreviated (thirty minutes) version of the two-hour documentary won first prize in 2000 in the "short film" category at the Antalya Film Festival. Turkic-Speaking Peoples
Çağatay's long-cherished project was a book that would comprise a selection of photographs he took on Turks living in various parts of the world and scholarly essays by experts to go with the photographs. He asked Doğan Kuban, the renowned professor of architectural history, to be the co-editor in charge of the essays, while he himself was the book's project manager as well as the author of the photographs, some of them of stunning artistic beauty. The book, financed by the Prince Claus Fund of the Netherlands, came out in the fall of 2006 from the German publisher Prestel Verlag in Munich. Distributed in Europe and the US, it quickly sold out and a second printing followed. It was also translated into Turkish and published by Tetragon in 2008.The book includes essays by, besides Kuban, thirty-three other scholars such as Peter Golden, Omeljan Pritsak and İsenbike Togan. Personal life
One assignment the young journalist Çağatay was given in Istanbul when he started in the late 1960s was to report on a state-operated kindergarten where European advisors worked. Çağatay and Käri Wulff, the Norwegian expert in pre-school education he met there that day, were married in 1972. They had two children, and two grandchildren by their daughter. His younger sister İlgün died on March 3, 1974 whilst a passenger on Turkish Airlines Flight 981 that crashed near Ermenonville in France, shortly after leaving Paris. Çağatay lived the rest of his life in Istanbul with his wife. Bibliography
Çağatay, Ergun.Once Upon a Time in Central Asia. İstanbul: Tetragon, 1996. Çağatay, <mask> and Doğan Kuban, eds. Turkic-Speaking Peoples: 1500 Years of Art And Culture from Inner Asia to the Balkans. München, Berlin, London, New York: Prestel Verlag, 2006. Çağatay, <mask> and Doğan Kuban, eds. Türkçe Konuşanlar: Orta Asya'dan Balkanlar'a 2000 Yıllık Sanat ve Kültür.Çev. Zeynep Peker ve Jale Alguadiş. İstanbul: Tetragon, 2007. “Ergun Çağatay.” Tetragon. Retrieved: 6 August 2012. “ergun çağatay.” ekşi sözlük. Retrieved: 6 August 2012.“Ergun Çağatay - Biographie.” actuphoto. Retrieved: 6 August 2012. “the turkic speaking peoples.” ekşi sözlük. Retrieved: 6 August 2012. References

1937 births
Living people
People from İzmir
Turkish photojournalists
Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni

masks:
Ergun Çağatay
Nazif Çağatay
Ergun
Ergun


title: Art Young

texts:
<mask> (January 14, 1866 – December 29, 1943) was an American cartoonist and writer. He is best known for his socialist cartoons, especially those drawn for the left-wing political magazine The Masses between 1911 and 1917. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born January 14, 1866, near Orangeville, in Stephenson County, Illinois. His family moved to Monroe, Wisconsin when he was a year old. His father, Daniel S<mask>, was a grocer there; his mother was <mask> (née Wagner). He had two brothers and one sister. His brother, <mask>, studied journalism at the University of Wisconsin and founded its student newspaper, The Daily Cardinal.<mask> enrolled in the Chicago Academy of Design in 1884, where he studied under J. H. Vanderpoel. His first published cartoon appeared the same year in the trade paper Nimble Nickel. Also that year, he began working for a succession of Chicago newspapers including the Evening Mail, the Daily News, and the Tribune. In 1888, <mask> resumed his studies, first at the Art Students League of New York (until 1889), then at the Académie Julian in Paris (1889–90). Following a long convalescence, he joined the Chicago Inter-Ocean (1892), to which he contributed political cartoons and drawings for its Sunday color supplement. In 1895 he married Elizabeth North. In 1895 or 1896, he worked briefly for the Denver Times; then, after his separation with North, moved again to New York City, where he sold drawings to the humor magazines Puck, Life, and Judge, and drew cartoons for William Randolph Hearst's New York Evening Journal and Sunday New York American.From 1902 to 1906, he studied rhetoric at Cooper Union to improve his skills as a cartoonist. The Masses

Young started out as a generally apolitical Republican, but gradually became interested in left wing ideas, and by 1906 or so considered himself a socialist. He began to associate with such political leftists as John Sloan and Piet Vlag, with both of whom he would work at the radical socialist monthly The Masses. He became firmly ensconced in the radical environment of Greenwich Village after moving there in 1910. He became politically active, and by 1910, racial and sexual discrimination and the supposed injustices of the capitalist system became prevalent themes in his work. He explained these sentiments in his autobiography, <mask>: His Life and Times (1939):

I am antagonistic to the money-making fetish because it sidetracks our natural selves, leaving us no alternative but to accept the situation and take any kind of work for a weekly wage [...] We are caught and hurt by the system, and the more sensitive we are to life's highest values the harder it is to bear the abuse. In an attempt to curb this ‘abuse’, <mask> ran for the New York State Assembly on the ticket of the Socialist Party of New York City (Part of the Socialist Party of America, SPUSA) in 1913, and was unsuccessful.One facet of the establishment <mask> challenged in his cartoons and drawings was the Associated Press. His attacks became overt and damning once he joined the staff of the Masses as a co-editor and contributor, which he held from 1911 to 1918. He was one of the few original editorial members that stayed with the magazine for its entire run until it folded in December 1917. In July 1913, it published <mask>'s cartoon "Poisoned at the Source", depicting the AP's president, Frank B. Noyes, poisoning a well labeled "The News" with lies, suppressed facts, slander, and prejudice. The cartoon was the papers explanation for the lack of national news coverage on the Paint Creek-Cabin Creek strike of 1912 in Kanawha County, West Virginia which lasted more than a year, and was characterized by deadly clashes between armed and striking miners and militia hired to defend the coal companies. The companies successfully petitioned the Federal government to declare martial law under a military tribunal, an egregious act according to the editors of the Masses. That little had been heard of these occurrences outside of West Virginia troubled the magazine's staff.<mask>'s cartoon and Max Eastman's editorial, published in the same issue, claimed the AP willfully suppressed the facts to aid the coal companies. The AP responded to this with two suits of libel against Eastman and <mask> in November 1913 and January 1914. When <mask> and Eastman's attorney subpoenaed the records of the AP's Pittsburgh office, the suits were dropped; the paper said because AP feared the evidence and testimony would be damaging if they became public. The Liberator
In 1918 <mask> helped to establish a similar publication to the Masses, the Liberator. He also served as an illustrator and Washington correspondent for Metropolitan Magazine (1912–17) until it released him due to his outspoken anti-war sentiments. In 1918, he again ran unsuccessfully for public office on the Socialist ticket, this time for the New York State Senate. Unhappy with how editors Max and Crystal Eastman and other staff members were able to live off of the struggling magazine, while he received a nominal fee or worked pro bono, <mask> left The Liberator in 1919 to start a magazine of his own, Good Morning.It was later absorbed by the Art Young Quarterly in 1922. Other publications
<mask> also contributed illustrations to The Nation, The Saturday Evening Post and Collier's Weekly, New Leader, New Masses, The Coming Nation, Dawn, The Call, The New Yorker (after 1930), and Big Stick. He wrote many books, including two autobiographies, On My Way (1928) and <mask>: His Life and Times (1939). Of special note are his series of drawings depicting Hell, published in Cosmopolitan magazine and in several books, including Through Hell With Hiprah Hunt, available at Google Books. He issued a collection of his drawings, The Best of Art Young, in 1936. Legal difficulties

First Masses Trial

<mask> continued to incur legal trouble with his drawings during his years at the Masses. In October 1917, the federal government charged <mask>, Max Eastman, John Reed, Floyd Dell, Merrill Rogers and a one-time contributor with conspiracy to impede enlistment under the Espionage Act.When their trial began in April the next year, <mask> was asked to justify his cartoon "Having Their Fling", in which four men—an editor, a capitalist, a politician and a minister—are depicted dancing in orgiastic bliss as Satan leads a band of war implements. <mask> blandly stated he was simply illustrating General Sherman's well-known saying that "war is hell." It seemed appropriate to him, then, to have Satan as the conductor. The first trial ended in a hung jury, with 11–1 for conviction. Second Masses Trial
The second trial began in September 1918. It was as full of humor and irreverence as the first—but perhaps more humorous for historians than for <mask>. Throughout the trial, <mask> had the tendency to nap, an act that brought him dangerously close to being charged with contempt of court.Afraid that <mask> would get into more trouble than he already was, his attorneys insisted he be awakened and given a pencil and pad, which he used to compose a self-portrait. The drawing, "Art Young on Trial for His Life", appeared in the Liberator in June 1918. It depicted <mask> slumped in a chair, dozing the trial away. <mask>'s propensity for napping worked to his advantage during the closing arguments. Prosecutor Barnes, wrapped in an American flag and giving a moving speech, told a story of a dead soldier in France. This soldier, Barnes claimed, "is but one of a thousand whose voices are not silent. He died for you and he died for me.He died for Max Eastman. He died for John Reed. He died for Merrill Rogers. He demands that these men be punished." Roused from his slumber by the impassioned speech, <mask> exclaimed, "What! Didn't he die for me too?" The beautiful oration successfully ruined, the second jury was unable to convict or acquit.Eight jurors voted for acquittal and four for conviction. It was the last time <mask> appeared in court for the charges, as they were dropped after failing twice to garner any convictions. Death
<mask> died on December 29, 1943, at the Hotel Irving in New York City, at age 77. Legacy and honors
<mask>'s papers are housed in the Special Collections Library of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The World War II Liberty Ship  was named in his honor. See also

 Good Morning (magazine)

Footnotes

Works

 Hell Up to Date: The Reckless Journey of R. Palasco Drant, Newspaper Correspondent, Through the Infernal Regions, as Reported by Himself. Chicago: F.J. Schulte, July 1894.Author's Readings. Frederick A. Stokes, 1897. Through Hell with Hiprah Hunt. Zimmermans, 1901. Trees at Night. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1927. On My Way: Being the Book of Art Young in Text and Picture.New York: Liveright, 1928. <mask>'s Inferno: A Journey Through Hell Six Hundred Years After Dante. New York: Delphic Studios, 1934; First Fantagraphics Books edition, Original art edition, Seattle : Fantagraphics Books, May 2020, ISBN 978-1-68396-280-9
 The Best of <mask> Young. Introduction by Heywood Broun. New York: Vanguard Press, 1936. Thomas Rowlandson. New York, Willey Book Co. 1938.<mask>: His Life and Times. Ed. John Nicholas Beffel. New York: Sheridan, 1939. Types of the Old Home Town Seraphemera Books. Bethel CT, 2015

Further reading

Cohen, Michael. "'Cartooning Capitalism': Radical Cartooning and the Making of American Popular Radicalism in the Early Twentieth Century," in Marjolein 't Hart and Dennis Bos (eds.), Humour and Social Protest. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2008; pp. 35–58. Cox, Richard W. "<mask>OR
Fitzgerald, Richard. "<mask>. "Art and Politics: Cartoonists of the Masses and Liberator. Westport, CN: Greenwood, 1961. 41–77. Hahn, Emily. Romantic Rebels.Boston: Houghton, 1967. O’Neill, William L., ed. Echoes of Revolt: The Masses 1911–1917. Chicago: Dee, 1966. Print. Sayer, John. "Art and Politics, Dissent and Repression: The Masses Magazine versus the Government, 1917–1918."American Journal of Legal History 32.1 (1988): 42–78. Schreiber, Rachel. Gender and Activism in a Little Magazine: the modern figures of the Masses. London: Routledge, 2016 (original publicated Ashgate, 2011). Spiegelman, <mask>. "To Laugh That We May Not Weep" Harpers Magazine, January 2016, ISBN 978-1-60699-994-3
Zurier, Rebecca. Art for The Masses.Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1988, ISBN 0-87722-513-3

External links

 The Art Young Gallery – home to the rebirth of <mask>'s legacy:  Art Young
 Comrades in Art:  <mask> Young
 Marxists Internet Archives:  '<mask> – The Masses 1912–1918, Good Morning'
 Jorian.com:  Cartoons of Art Young
Art Young Papers : Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University

American cartoonists
American male journalists
American socialists
People from Stephenson County, Illinois
People from Monroe, Wisconsin
People acquitted under the Espionage Act of 1917
Alumni of the Académie Julian
1866 births
1943 deaths

masks:
Arthur Henry Young
Art Young
. Young
Amanda Young
Wilmer Wesley Young
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title: Mary Elizabeth Banning

texts:
<mask> (1822–1903) was an American mycologist (fungi biologist) and botanical illustrator from Maryland. She formally described 23 previously unknown species of fungi, publishing their type descriptions in the Botanical Gazette and Charles Peck's "Annual Report of the New York State Botanist". <mask> is best known as the author of The Fungi of Maryland, an unpublished manuscript containing scientific descriptions, mycological anecdotes, and 174 13" by 15" watercolor paintings of fungal species. The New York State Museum describes these paintings as "extraordinary...a blend of science and folk art, scientifically accurate and lovely to look at." <mask>'s manuscript took twenty years to complete (1868–1888). Although the Maryland State Archives, citing Stegman, asserts that "At this point in time, no one had written a book on American fungi," and Haines states, "In 1868 there were no books from which to learn about American fungi," neither assertion is technically correct: Schweinitz's Synopsis Fungorum Carolinæ Superioris was published in 1822. Nevertheless, had <mask>'s opus been published, it would certainly have been the first illustrated and popularly accessible fungal flora of the southern United States.She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1994. Challenges as a female mycologist
<mask> eventually became the "leading mycologist in her region". Despite this, she was a woman, and she had no formal higher education. Consequently, with the exception of her mentor Peck, she found herself largely ostracized by the educated male scientific establishment of the day. Her private letters reveal her deep dissatisfaction with this state of affairs. Unable to obtain funding and having to care for her invalid mother and sister, Banning "incurred increasing financial problems." Conversely, her mycological pursuits led to several awkward encounters with fungus-fearing locals, many of which she recounts as asides in her scientific publications.On one occasion, she rode six miles in a crowded "public conveyance" holding a basket of Phallus duplicatus — a particularly foul-smelling fungus with the common name "netted stinkhorn." By the end of the ride, <mask> states that "the smell had increased to such an extent that the flies nearly devoured me, in their eagerness to get at the fungus". The other passengers maintained a stony silence for the duration of the trip. On another occasion, a man approached her, asking if she had found any "frog stools" that day. When she replied that she had not, he answered, "And it's a blessed thing you can't find 'em!...Pison [sic] things...Better let frog stools alone! That's my advice to everyone." The man then walked away, muttering about Banning: "Poor thing.Crazy, certain sure. Clean gone mad!" On yet another occasion, <mask> had employed three young boys to collect mushrooms. When they brought their finds to the hotel where she was staying and asked where they might find the 'frog stool lady,' the waiter replied,  "Off with you! Have you gone crazy? Who ever heard tell of a frog-stool lady?" In the preface to her unpublished manuscript, <mask> discusses the origin of her project in terms recalling then-prevalent natural theology:
"My first idea of drawing and painting the Fungi of Maryland had for its object educational training in a mission school....I confess to a smile at my choice of a subject, feeling that for once I had stepped from the sublime to the ridiculous. :::Yet I feel satisfied with my undertaking, believing that the study of Natural Science in any of its departments has a refining influence—that when used in its truest highest sense it is the Divinely appointed means of teaching faith as well as cultivating the minds and morals." The outlook she here elucidates might explain some of her persistence in the face of manifold challenges. Family life
<mask> was born in 1822 in Talbot County on Maryland's eastern shore. She was the daughter of <mask> and <mask>, and was the youngest of her father's eight children (six from a previous marriage). The <mask>s were a well-established Maryland family: <mask>'s grandfather was a representative at Maryland's ratification of the federal constitution, and her father was a military captain, Collector of the Port of Oxford, and Member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In 1845, when Banning was 23, her father died.In 1855, <mask>, her mother, and her sisters moved to Baltimore. By 1860, her mother and a sister had become chronically ill, and <mask> became their caretaker. Throughout, she maintained an interest in natural history, finally gravitating to the study of fungi. With her own money, she bought a microscope and started to amass a scientific library and private herbarium. She also initiated a correspondence with Charles Horton Peck, A New York State Museum scientist who, by then, was well on his way to becoming "the dean of American mycologists". Final years and legacy

By the end of the 1880s, <mask>'s immediate family had died, and she found herself nearly penniless, with fading eyesight and growing rheumatism. She moved into a boarding-home in Winchester, Virginia.In 1889, she ended work on her manuscript, dedicating it to Peck, with whom she had corresponded for 30 years but never met. In 1890, she shipped the manuscript to Peck at the New York State Museum, writing, "In parting from it I feel like taking leave of a beloved friend with whom I have spent many pleasant hours. Circumstances impel me to put it in a safe place." Peck placed the manuscript in a drawer, where it would remain for the next 91 years. <mask> died 13 years later, in 1903. She left her remaining money to the St. John's Orphanage for Boys. In 1981, John Haines, a mycologist attached to the New York State museum as associate scientist, discovered <mask>'s manuscript.The museum organized the watercolors into the exhibit "Each a Glory Bright", which has been loaned to museums around the United States. Plates from the work can be viewed at the New York State Museum's page for this collection. <mask> is also the namesake of the provisional species Amanita <mask>iana, the "Mary Banning Slender Caesar." Partial bibliography

<mask>, <mask>. "Notes on Fungi." Botanical Gazette 5, No. 1 (January 1880): 5-10. https://archive.org/details/botanicalgazette56hano (accessed Aug 1, 2013)

<mask>, <mask>. "Maryland Fungi. I."Botanical Gazette 6, No. 4 (April 1881): 200-202.  https://archive.org/details/botanicalgazette56hano (accessed Aug 1, 2013)
<mask>, <mask>. "Maryland Fungi. II." Botanical Gazette 6, No. 5 (May 1881): 210-215.https://archive.org/details/botanicalgazette56hano (accessed Aug 1, 2013)

<mask>, <mask>. "The fungi of Maryland." Unpublished manuscript in the possession of the New York State Museum. Plates accessible at http://www.nysm.nysed.gov/treasures/explore.cfm?coll=29 (Accessed Aug 1, 2013)

References

American mycologists
American women painters
1822 births
1903 deaths
People from Talbot County, Maryland
Botanical illustrators
American taxonomists
Women taxonomists
19th-century American painters
19th-century American scientists
19th-century American women artists
19th-century American women scientists
Date of birth missing
Date of death missing
Place of death missing

masks:
Mary Elizabeth Banning
Career Banning
Banning
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Mary
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Robert Banning
Mary Macky
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Mary Elizabeth
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Mary E
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title: Doug Wright (cricketer)

texts:
<mask> (21 August 1914 – 13 November 1998) was an English cricketer. A leg-spinner for Kent and England from 1932 to 1957 he took a record seven hat-tricks in first-class cricket. He played for Kent for 19 seasons and was their first professional captain from late 1953 to 1956. Don Bradman said he was the best leg-spinner to tour Australia since Sydney Barnes, and Keith Miller thought he was the best leg-spinner he had seen apart from Bill O'Reilly. He toured Australia in 1946–47 and 1950–51, but was dogged by ill-luck and was considered to be the "unluckiest bowler in the world". Cutting a leg-break is always dangerous, and cutting <mask> is a form of suicide. Why a bowler of his skill failed to get more test-match wickets always mystified me; there was of course the marked tendency to bowl no-balls, but he sent down so many good ones, and worried and beat the batsmen so often, that he should have had better results...he seemed always likely to get wickets.It is one of the toughest problems of captaincy to know when to remove a man like that from the firing-line. Johnnie Moyes

Early career
His early career was restricted by the monopoly of Tich Freeman on Kent's bowling honours, but after Freeman's powers declined in 1936, <mask> took his place. He did the hat-trick twice in 1937, and was picked to play for England in 1938. He bowled well on a dusty wicket at Headingley, although his figures were hurt by fielding errors, and that winter went to South Africa. In 1939, <mask> advanced so much that he was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year and produced two sensational performances: sixteen for 80 against Somerset, and nine for 47 on a dusty wicket at Bristol, against Gloucestershire. <mask> also batted well enough to score 490 runs, and had made 103 for once out in 1936 against Warwickshire, but his batting declined after World War II. Though he became fixed as a tail-ender, he did make 66 at number 11 in 1955 against Warwickshire.He served in the Army during World War II, and the loss of several of England's dry-wicket bowlers to the War meant he became an automatic choice for the 1946–47 Ashes series. Australia 1946–47
<mask> was seen as England's trump card when he arrived in Australia, but had trouble with his no balls due to his odd run up "He waves his arms widely, and rocks on his legs like a small ship pitching and tossing in a fairly heavy sea. Whenever he bowls in Australia there are people who whistle and cat-call as he goes through his strange approach to the stumps." Jack Fingleton called the no-ball "<mask>'s curse...He's probably bowled more of these than any other spinner in history", "On at least four occasions he was convinced he had Bradman in his bag but it was not to be. <mask>, I believe was very keen to secure such a verdict over Bradman, who only once has been dismissed l.b.w. during his Anglo-Australian Test career". In the end he was overbowled and expensive.Of particular note is that <mask> was the biggest wicket-taker on either side with 23 wickets – five more than any other bowler – but with the high average of 43.04. He was also the chief first–class wicket-taker of the 1946–47 season – 51 wickets (33.31) – and bowled just over a third of England's overs in the Tests; 246.3 compared to 240.2 by Alec Bedser and 246.5 by the rest. In the First Test at Brisbane he took 5/167 on a flat wicket in Australia's 645 and suffered in this and the next three Tests as the England captain Wally Hammond set stereotyped defensive fields and was loath to take advice. In the Second Test at Sydney <mask> (1/169) “bowled beautifully with the most wretched luck”, in one over "On four occasions Hammond, usually most undemonstrative, threw his hands in the air as the ball beat Bradman and shaved the stumps, and in between these near dismissals there was a confident appeal for leg before wicket. "He continually rapped the pads with his straight one, and when the decision went against him, his face clouded with puzzled dismay." In the Third Test at Melbourne Bradman tried to hit a straight ball to leg, but missed and was hit on the top of his pads plumb in front of the stumps. <mask> and Evans appealed, but Bradman was given not out.However, a cameraman took a series of photographs of the delivery and "the camera appears to give a different verdict". Finally in the Fifth Test at Sydney <mask> found things turning his way. The new captain Norman Yardley was keen to discuss field placings with his professional cricketers. He changed them as each batsmen came in and gave <mask> a field of close catchers instead of trying to save runs. At the start of each Test, <mask> would receive telegrams and letters from well-wishers who had lamented his bad luck "Never a match went by in which he did not hopelessly defeat the defences of the leading run-getters. Times out of number he had Barnes, Bradman, Hassett and their like groping forward hypnotised by the magic of his spinning witchcraft". <mask> bowled unchanged for nearly two hours and took the wickets of Don Bradman, who came down the wicket, misjudged the spin and bowled for 12, and Keith Miller taken by Jack Ikin at slip.Australia started the fourth day on 189/4 and <mask> bowled unchanged for 11 overs. Alec Bedser shut up his end and conceded only 15 runs while <mask> span his way through the Australian batting with a spell of 5/42 with Lindsay Hassett, Colin McCool, Don Tallon, Ray Lindwall and George Tribe all falling to catches close to the wicket. <mask> finished with 7/105 and only Ron Hamence (31 not out) could play him. Australia were dismissed for 253, but England still lost the Test. The turning point was when Bill Edrich dropped Bradman off <mask> in the second innings for 2, the Australian captain made 63, <mask> was hit for 2/93 and Australia won by 5 wickets. England 1947–50
In 1947, with the dry pitches suiting him, proved <mask>'s best season as he took 177 wickets, including 10/175 against South Africa at Lord's. However, the following two years were plagued by injury and <mask> did little in the Tests, but he showed many times that he was still the most dangerous English bowler in dry weather – especially in terms of ability to dismiss top batsmen.Australia 1950–51
<mask> toured Australia again for the 1950-51 Ashes series, but still suffered from bad luck and no balls. In the First Test at Brisbane He bowled a typical over to Neil Harvey, with two long hops, which Harvey cracked into the square-leg fence, but then had him groping at a googly that turned so fiercely that it missed both bat and stumps, "a real pearl that morally bowled Harvey all the way". The following ball had <mask> appealing for lbw, but it was turned down as it turned so much that it would have missed the stumps. In the final innings <mask> was last man in at 77/9 with England needing another 115 runs to win. He helped Len Hutton add 45 runs for the last wicket, managing to hold a straight bat up to the few balls he was left to face until the last four balls from Jack Iverson before lunch. He kept out the first three, but spooned the last to Ray Lindwall at square leg and was out for 2. Batting again in the Third Test at Sydney <mask> was run out for a duck by his Kent team-mate Godfrey Evans, tripping over his bat and pulling a muscle as he rushed home.As a result, he fielded only for a few overs before he had to retire from the game on the only spinning wicket of the series. With Trevor Bailey's thumb broken by Ray Lindwall England were reduced to three bowlers and lost by an innings. <mask> recovered for the Fourth Test at Adelaide and took 4/99 with only Arthur Morris, a noted player of spin, able to master him. In the England innings he joined Len Hutton at 219/9 and made 14 of their last wicket stand of 53 as the Yorkshire batsman carried his bat for 156 not out. Later Career 1951–57
<mask> ended the series with 11 wickets (45.45) and his Test career came to an end with 7 further wickets in New Zealand (25.57). In order to regain supremacy in international cricket, England captains began to change to tactics that emphasised reducing the ability for batsmen to score. In this context, <mask> was an expensive luxury.In 1951 <mask> was never at his best in a damp summer, and on the hard wickets of 1952 his wickets cost six runs more than in 1947 or 1949. However, in August 1953, <mask> became Kent's first professional captain, and in contrast to Eric Hollies the job seemed to help his bowling, for in 1954 with pitches totally unsuited he took 105 wickets and in 1955 he had one of his best seasons. At the Oval he led Kent to an unexpected victory over Surrey when that county appeared certain to win. In 1956, however <mask> did not take fifty wickets, though once against Middlesex he bowled at his best: Wisden commented, "most of his eight victims had not been born when <mask> entered first-class cricket twenty-four years ago and they had no answer to his whipping leg-breaks and googlies". At the beginning of 1957, <mask> said he did not wish to be considered for the captaincy in his second benefit year, and in mid-July he decided to retire. A review of his career was provided in the article "Googly Bowlers and Captains Retire" in the 1958 Wisden. After retiring as a player, he became coach at Charterhouse School until 1971.References

Cited sources
 Clif Cary (1948) Cricket Controversy, Test matches in Australia 1946–47, T. Werner Laurie Ltd.
 Jack Fingleton (1951) Brown and Company, The Tour in Australia, Collins. Bill O'Reilly (1951) Cricket Task-Force, The Story of the 1950–1951 Australian Tour, Werner Laurie
 E. W. Swanton (1975) Swanton in Australia with MCC 1946–1975, Fontana/Collins. External links

 21 August down the years from Cricinfo
 DVP Wright Obituary from Cricinfo

1914 births
1998 deaths
English cricketers
England Test cricketers
Kent cricketers
Kent cricket captains
People from Sidcup
International Cavaliers cricketers
Players cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
North v South cricketers
British Army personnel of World War II
British Army officers
Military personnel from Kent

masks:
Douglas Vivian Parson Wright
Wright
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title: Thomas Phillips Thompson

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<mask> (25 November 1843 – 20 May 1933) was an English-born journalist and humorist who was active in the early socialist movement in Canada. Early years

<mask> was born on 25 November 1843 in Newcastle upon Tyne. He emigrated to Canada with his family in 1857, where they eventually settled in St. Catharines. <mask> studied law, and in 1965 he was admitted to the bar of the province of Ontario as a solicitor. However, he never practiced law, but instead became a journalist. Journalist

<mask> began writing for the St. Catharines Post. In 1867 he became a police reporter for the Toronto Daily Telegraph, owned by the conservative John Ross Robertson.Around 1870 he began working for the Toronto Mail, where he wrote a weekly political column under the pseudonym "Jimuel Briggs". Jimuel Briggs made fun of the law and of its victims. <mask> gave lectures, and became widely known as a humorist in Ontario. As time went by <mask> became more pessimistic and demanding, calling for a complete overhaul of the social system, which he expected to come about through violent revolution. <mask> married Delia Florence Fisher on 2 February 1872. His wife was twenty-two years old, from Guelph, from a family of German origin. He left the Mail and founded the Daily City Press, which failed.In 1874 he founded The National, a weekly paper that commented on politics. At first The National supported the Canada First movement, but he turned away from Canada First due to its hostility to trade unions. After 1875 <mask> and The National became concerned with issues related to labor, immigration and other reform causes. Soon afterwards the newspaper stopped publication. <mask> moved to the United States in 1876, where he had a job offer from the Boston Traveller. When the <mask>s moved to Boston their first child was three years old. A second daughter, Laura Beatrice, was born in Boston on 13 March 1878.<mask> was literary editor of the Evening Traveller. He also worked for the Boston Courier and American Punch. <mask> returned to Toronto in 1879 and found work with the Mail, a Liberal-Conservative newspaper, then moved to George Brown's Globe, the organ of the Liberal party. In 1881 The Globe sent him to Ireland as a special correspondent to cover the land campaign of Charles Stewart Parnell. He first met Henry George during this trip. In Ireland, seeing the desperate poverty of the tenant farmers and listening to Parnell making the case for "home rule", he became radicalized. This is evident in his last dispatch to the Globe from Ireland, in which he wrote, "And so, in spite of blunders, and crimes, and defeats - in spite of the greed and self-seeking and the ambitions of the demagogues - through bloodshed, and tears, and suffering, the cause of the people will prevail by slow degrees, and the accumulated and buttressed wrongs of centuries be overthrown."After returning to Toronto he was given an editorial position with the Globe from 1881–83, then with the News from 1884–88. Radical

The Toronto News was a reform newspaper that supported the Knights of Labor. <mask> also wrote many articles for Knights' journal The Palladium of Labor. He signed these articles "Enjolras", after a character from Victor Hugo's Les Miserables. In 1886, he joined a local assembly of the Knights in Toronto. That year he was an official delegate to the 1886 convention of the Canadian Trades and Labor Congress. He became the leading socialist intellectual and supporter of labor in Canada.<mask> published The Politics of Labor in 1887, an influential critique of the labor movement. For a short period (1890–91) he edited the radical weekly Labor Advocate. He used the paper to push for local reforms such as public ownership of the Toronto street railway. In 1892 and 1893 <mask> ran for election as a labor candidate, under the Liberal banner, in the Ontario provincial legislature, but was not elected. For a period he advocated the land reforms proposed by Henry George. He was against monopolies, in favor of political involvement by workers, but did not support strikes. He was hostile to corruption, particularly in local politics, and was in favor of public ownership of utilities.In the 1890s he spent a year in France, England and Scotland with his family, sending reports to the Globe and the Mail that called for radical reform to a system in which the idle rich lived off the toil of the workers. <mask>'s radical views and his drift toward outright socialism made it hard for him to get regular work with the mainstream newspapers in Canada. The family was usually short of money. Delia <mask> died in 1897 at the age of forty-seven. Two years after his wife's death <mask> married her sister Edith, who was thirteen years younger. In 1901 they had a son, <mask>. In the later 1890s and in the early 1900s <mask> was employed by different provincial government departments as a writer, and also wrote for the legislature.In 1900, due to his reputation as a labor spokesman, he was made the Toronto correspondent for the Department of Labour's Labour Gazette, published in Ottawa, holding this position until he retired in 1911. The Canadian Socialist League (CSL) was formed in Montreal in 1898 by former members of the Socialist Labor Party. The founders rejected the Labor party leadership of Daniel De Leon. Support for the League appeared about the same time in the summer of 1899 in Montreal and Toronto. The Ontario wing of the CSL was organized by George Weston Wrigley and <mask>, both former Knights of Labor, in an effort to pull together the reform forces that had become fragmented after the Patrons of Industry were defeated in the 1896 federal election. George Wrigley suffered a series of strokes in 1904. That year he was involved in the decision of the Ontario branch of the Canadian Socialist League to join the Socialist Party of Canada, which was established early in 1905.Wrigley was supported by <mask> <mask> in this effort. <mask> <mask> spoke and wrote for the socialist movement until the 1920s. He died in Oakville, Ontario on 20 May 1933, aged eighty-nine. Publications
Publications include:

References

Sources

1843 births
1933 deaths
Canadian journalists
British emigrants to Canada

masks:
Thomas Phillips Thompson
Thomas Phillips Thompson
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Thomas Phillips
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title: Samuel Street Jr.

texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask>, (March 14, 1775 – August 21, 1844) was a Canadian businessman and government official in Upper Canada who became one of the richest men in Upper Canada. Born in Farmington, Connecticut,  he moved to Chippawa, Upper Canada, after his father was murdered. In Chippawa he lived with his uncle, <mask>, who introduced him to the local business community. In the early 1800s, he entered into various partnerships with other businessmen and purchased mills in the Niagara region. His most prominent partnership was with Thomas Clark, and together they used the profits from the mills to lend money (and charge interest) to various people in Upper Canada, further increasing their wealth. They also purchased property throughout Upper Canada, employing agents to help with the purchases, and lending money to local officials in exchange for notification of property that was to be cheaply sold. He bought shares in banks and transportation companies and held debentures with the Upper Canadian government and regional governments.He was a prominent member of the Niagara business elite and was hired to be an executor for other prominent members. He was also a military commander of the 3rd Lincoln Militia, become a colonel of the militia in 1839. He died in Port Robinson, Upper Canada, and his estate was given to his son, Thomas Clark <mask>, and four daughters. Early life and family

<mask> was born in Farmington, Connecticut on March 14, 1775. He was the eldest son of Nehemiah <mask> and Thankful Moody. His father was murdered in Cold Spring, New York, and in 1787 <mask> moved to Chippawa, Upper Canada, to live with his uncle <mask>. <mask> was introduced to the mercantile community in the Niagara region by his uncle and worked in his uncle's shipping business.In October 1796, <mask> was granted 600 acres by the British government because he was the son of a loyalist. That year he also became a magistrate and he was also the deputy-registrar for the Niagara region. By 1801 he was also the deputy lieutenant of the militia in Lincoln county. He insisted that religious sects who paid a fine rather than join the militia, such as Quakers, Mennonites, and members of the Old German Baptist Brethren, attend the militia's musters with proof of their fine payment. He threatened to arrest and prosecute those who did not attend the muster. Business career

Early career and milling operations

The first records of <mask>'s business activities are from 1797, when he received a shipment of goods. He formed a partnership with Thomas Clark in May 1798, but the partnership ended the following year.By 1803 <mask> was part of the milling business at Niagara Falls and in August he became a clerk for Bridgewater Mills in Chippawa, a milling complex. In 1804 he entered into a partnership with James Durand and in 1807 he purchased a milling complex named Falls Mills from Clark. In 1808 or 1809, <mask> entered a new partnership with Clark to run Falls Mills, a milling complex. In 1810 the two businessmen bought Bridgewater Mills. Robert Randal contested <mask>'s ownership over Bridgewater Mills because he claimed the process in which its previous owner, Durand, obtained the property from Randal several years prior was improper. This caused a lengthy legal battle over the status of the property and Randal highlighted this event in his opposition to the Niagara region's elite, which included <mask>. The two gristmills processed wheat, which were produced on farms in the region.The mills were described by James Crooks, another businessman and political figure, as having a monopoly in the region, while George Prévost, an army officer in the War of 1812, described the mills as the "most useful and valuable in the country". In September 1812 <mask> became captain of the 3rd Lincoln Militia. Several of his mills were destroyed by the Americans during the War of 1812 in July 1814. <mask> and Clark applied for compensation for this event, but the compensation for Brigewater Mills was delayed until 1835 by the legal dispute initiated by Randal. They claimed that the property destruction was worth £7,785, but were given £4,970. Falls Mills was rebuilt and turned into a woolen mill, while Bridewater Mills was never rebuilt. In 1822, <mask> was promoted to be the lieutenant-colonel of the 3rd Lincoln Militia.Later career

<mask> used the profits from the mills to become a moneylender, further increasing his profits. He did not discriminate on who he lent money to, giving various amounts to farmers, politicians, and clergy. He was very strict with borrowers who submitted late payments, although granted leniency to the clergy elite. He became the second-largest shareholder of the Bank of Upper Canada in 1830 and possibly the largest shareholder of the Gore Bank; he also held shares in the Bank of Montreal and the Commercial Bank of the Midland District. He acquired shares in the Welland Canal Company, Erie and Ontario Railroad Company, various road projects, and other transportation companies. He also owned debentures issued by the Upper Canadian government, the Gore district, and the Wellington District. <mask> was also a land speculator and bought property in almost every region of the province.He acquired this land via foreclosures on loans and sales of land to recover unpaid taxes from farmers. He was well connected with local officials in various regions and lent them money for public work projects in exchange for preferential treatment on purchasing property. Local officials would also notify him when land was to be sold at cheaper rates due to a sheriff's sale. He employed agents throughout the province who would administer and purchase property for him. He vigorously defended himself in legal disputes by consulting people holding important legal or political positions and paying witnesses to attend court proceedings. In the 1830s <mask> and Clark build a wooden walkway around their property at The Burning Springs in the Niagara region. The spring was a natural gas spring and Street would charge tourists to see the colourless liquid from the spring be lit.Other citizens in the Niagara region would hire <mask> to act as their agent concerning business concerns. He was an executor for prominent people in Niagara to settle estates and disperse land. In 1839 he was promoted to colonel in the 3rd Lincoln Militia. In 1841, <mask> purchased shares in the Welland Canal Company, which were exchanged for debentures issued by the Upper Canadian government. William Hamilton Merritt assisted <mask> in purchasing the stocks at a lower price because Merritt had close relationships with the owners of the canal. Merritt also informed <mask> of a bill in the Upper Canadian legislature that, if passed, would further increase the value of the canal's stocks. <mask> purchased as much stock in the company as he could, but died before he could profit from the exchange.Personal life and death

<mask> married Abigail Hyde Ransom on September 5, 1811. They had a son, businessman and political figure Thomas Clark <mask>, and five daughters. <mask> suffered from health problems for most of his life, possibly due to arthritis. This prevented him from traveling outside of the Niagara region for business reasons, so those responsibilities were given to Clark, his partner. <mask> died at Port Robinson, Upper Canada, on August 21, 1844. His estate and land holdings were given to his son, and his four living daughters, and totaled 15,680 acres in Upper Canada. At his death, he was one of the wealthiest men in Upper Canada.Upon his death, <mask> was negatively described in a local newspaper called the St. Catharines Journal as a businessman who ensured he received the total amount owed to him in interest when he lent money to others. References

1775 births
1844 deaths
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople

masks:
Samuel Street
Samuel Street Jr
Samuel Street
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Samuel Street
Samuel Street
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title: Patrick Dennis (musician)

texts:
<mask> is an American indie rock musician and visual artist from San Diego, California, and former member of the bands Truckee Brothers and Wirepony. His debut solo album, ‘Fürst In The Dirt’, was released on June 19, 2015. Early life
<mask> was born in Las Palmas, Spain and raised in England before moving with his family to San Diego, California. His great-grandfather taught him cowboy songs and his mother taught him American folk songs as a little boy. His father's record collection greatly affected him when he was young including The Ramsey Lewis Trio, The Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, and The Moody Blues' On the Threshold of a Dream. He began playing drums as a teenager forming his first band, Carnival, in high school inspired by The Replacements, The Clash, and Iggy Pop.Career
After High School <mask> moved to the UK playing in bands and studying painting at college in Manchester before returning to San Diego and forming the duo The Homer Gunns with Frank Lee Drennen of Dead Rock West. Soon after forming the band they met Dave Sharp of the Welsh band The Alarm who became their mentor, rehearsing them, reinforcing their love of American folk music with his own passion for Woody Guthrie and Bob Dylan and taking them on tour as his backing band. Byron Nashe
After the breakup of the Homer Gunns <mask> recorded a cassette demo under the name Byron Nashe, a nickname given to him by Dave Sharp, which was produced by San Diego musician Gregory Page. The demo was heard by the indie punk label Cargo Music who signed him to a recording contract with their new Earth Music label. His album for Earth Music, ‘Spun’, was produced by Clayton Cages and featured John Cowsill of The Cowsills on drums but was shelved by the label soon before Cargo closed their San Diego office and was never released. It was intended to be the first <mask> solo album. Truckee Brothers
In 2004, <mask> and Christopher Hoffee formed the Truckee Brothers while producing a record for Lisa Sanders.After being asked to play a local festival they wrote and recorded their debut EP, ‘Wall to Wall’ in just a few days calling themselves Peat and Cady Truckee. They played all of the instruments and produced the EP themselves with no intention to form a band considering it a "one-off". Disc jockey Tim Pyles at 91X XETRA-FM began playing ‘Death Vulcan Grip’ on air and the band launched their own label, Populuxe Records to release the EP. The resulting buzz garnered them a performance at SXSW that year followed by a UK tour in 2006. They wrote and recorded four albums together, along with drummer Matt Lynott of The White Buffalo and after a few lineup changes, bassist Greg Friedman with patrick and Christopher producing all four albums themselves. After a 2010 US tour in support of their album ’Double Happiness', the band seemed to disappear, <mask> admitting during a Wirepony radio interview on San Diego's 94/9 KBZT the following year that the band had ended. They reformed for two shows in the winter of 2014 in San Diego at the request of Steve Poltz and Casbah owner Tim Mays to help celebrate the Casbah’s 25th anniversary which had been their home club in San Diego.A matinee show was added when the first show sold out in days. Michael Halloran of 91X who was broadcasting live from the matinee show announced that the band were recording the performances, but no recordings have been released. In 2012, The Truckee Brothers record ‘Double Happiness’ was featured in ‘The Music Obsessive's Guide to Life, Vol. 1’ as one of "350 of the most important albums in music history". Wirepony

Solo

Post Wirepony
In July 2012, it was announced on Wirepony's Facebook page that <mask> was recording a new record in Nashville with production duo Cosmic Thug who had produced records by Deer Tick and Diamond Rugs and the Wirepony website was redirected to a new patrickdennis.com website. In November 2012 a film clip featuring studio footage of <mask>, Cosmic Thug's Adam Landry and Justin Collins and Truckee Brothers bandmate Matt Lynott was posted to YouTube including part of a new song, 'Picking Up The Silver’ stating that a new album would be released in 2013. Completing the album was delayed when <mask> broke his hand requiring surgery and months of recovery.In the Autumn of 2014, <mask> and his partner Cindy Wasserman took part in recording at Abbey Road writing and singing a verse for the song 'The Scriptures' written and produced by Mike Peters from the Welsh band The Alarm. It was released in partnership with Mike Peters’ Love Hope Strength Foundation in aid of the Unrelated Marrow Donor Registry of Hadassah charity, a blood cancer treatment facility dedicated to the people of the Middle East. It was later certified by Guinness Book Of World Records as the world's longest song. Fürst In The Dirt
In the Spring of 2015, it was announced that <mask>'s debut solo album was completed and to be called ‘Fürst In The Dirt’. It was released on June 19, 2015 on his own Los Angeles based record label Wharfechild Recording Co produced by Cosmic Thug at Adam Landry's Playground Sound studio in Nashville, Tennessee. The album was recorded to 8-track tape which was a format that <mask> hadn't worked with in over a decade and he called "very very liberating". The record was inspired by a conversation that he had with the painter Carlos Estrada Vega in Las Cruces, New Mexico and by meeting Justin Collins and Adam Landry of Cosmic Thug soon after he moved to Nashville, Tennessee.The songs he said were a result of the "excitement at just still being here, alive and loving life, surrounded by talented friends making noise again" with "no agenda or expectation to have anyone even hear these songs". He has stated that Kevin Ayers of The Soft Machine inspired the track ‘Burn And Shine’. <mask> co-wrote the lyric for the song ‘Kissing The Beast’ with Justin Collins who also appears on the track and in the video for ‘Kissing The Beast’ which was shot in the East Nashville basement of Scott and Kim Collins of The Smoking Flowers and filmed by <mask> and Kim using Super8 cameras to make the video "as ragged and spontaneous as when the song was recorded". In June 2015, <mask> played his first shows featuring the songs from the album supporting John Doe. <mask>'s new band featured Andrew McKeag of Presidents of the United States on guitar. Writing style
<mask>'s music has been inspired by a wide variety of artists and styles, including Hüsker Dü, The Replacements, David Bowie, The Waterboys, and Willie Nelson. Folk elements are as much present as punk partially coming from <mask>'s time playing with Dave Sharp whose dedication to both Joe Strummer and Woody Guthrie's legacy heavily influenced <mask>'s earlier band, The Homer Gunns.The Truckee Brothers were heavily influenced by Frank Zappa and Cheap Trick calling themselves the ‘Evil Everly Brothers’. He also states that writers Column McCann and Jim Harrison and the poets Federico Garcia Lorca, William Blake and Robert Graves have influenced his writing. The Truckee Brothers song ‘Walk Thru The Fire’ was inspired by Henry Bukowski's collection ‘What Matters Most Is How You Walk Through The Fire’. Visual art
<mask> was an artist's apprentice studying print making and painting and has acted as Art Director on projects including the 2010 and 2011 marketing campaigns for Electra Bicycle Company working with founder, Benno Baenziger and photographer Art Brewer both years. <mask> directed the promotional film for the 2010 Electra campaign with music contributed by Pall Jenkins’ Mr Tube And The Flying Objects. He also directed the visuals for albums by Oxford Mississippi band Blue Mountain’s Midnight In Mississippi, Cindy Lee Berryhill’s ‘Beloved Stranger’ and three of the releases by Dead Rock West as well as the debut solo video for his song ‘Kissing The Beast’ which he and Kim Collins of The Smoking Flowers filmed using Super8 cameras. Personal life
<mask>'s daughter, Emma Falk <mask>, is the front woman for London-based band The Black Site and was a writer for the now defunct Crawdaddy!Magazine with a re-occurring column ‘Mind The Gap’. His son <mask> (also known as Sadie Jones) was the front man for San Diego band Tan Sister Radio and played guitar with <mask> on the Wirepony album ‘Right Hook Of Love’. He has a third son Julian whom he has mentioned in an interview is a painter and whose godfather is Dave Sharp. He is married to Cindy Wasserman, singer for Los Angeles roots rock band Dead Rock West and sister of bassist Rob Wasserman. Populuxe Records
<mask>'s first record with Wirepony as well as all of the Truckee Brothers records were released on independent label Populuxe Records along with records by Dead Rock West, Cindy Lee Berryhill and Atom Orr. Populuxe Records was operated by <mask> and partner/founder Christopher Hoffee from early 2004 until 2010 and was distributed by North Carolina-based Redeye Distribution. <mask> left Populuxe quietly only acknowledging in 2011 during a radio interview on San Diego's 94/9 KBZT that the Truckee Brothers were no longer working together in any capacity and he was no longer a part of Populuxe Records.The Truckee Brothers reformed briefly in January 2014 for a series of re-union shows in San Diego, but <mask> did not resume his Populuxe Records involvement. Discography
Spun - <mask> (1997)
Atlantic EP - Wirepony (2003)
Wall to Wall - Truckee Brothers (2004)
It Came From The Speakers - Truckee Brothers (2005)
Home On The Strange - Wirepony (2007)
Double Happiness - Truckee Brothers (2007)
In Pursuit Of Happiness - Truckee Brothers (2007)
Right Hook Of Love - Wirepony (2010)
Tour EP One - Wirepony (2010)
Fürst In The Dirt - <mask> (2015)

Guest Appearances
Unraveling - Steve Poltz
Beloved Stranger - Cindy Lee Berryhill

References

Further reading
Freimark, Joel. The Music Obsessive's Guide to Life, Vol. 1., 2012. External links

Official website
Wharfechild Recording Co.
<mask> Discography at All Music Guide
Peat Truckee Discography at All Music Guide

1968 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock singers
American alternative rock musicians
American rock songwriters
Singers from Los Angeles
People from Las Palmas
People from San Diego
English expatriates in the United States
American male television actors
Guitarists from Los Angeles
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Singer-songwriters from California

masks:
Patrick Dennis
Patrick Dennis
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick Dennis
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Dennis
Aaron Dennis
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick
Patrick Dennis
Patrick Dennis
Patrick Dennis


title: Epifanio de los Santos

texts:
<mask>, sometimes known as Don Pañong or Don Panyong (April 7, 1871 – April 18, 1928) was a noted Filipino historian, journalist, and civil servant. He was considered one of the best Filipino writers and regarded as a literary genius. He has also entered politics, serving as a member of the Malolos Congress from 1898 to 1899 from Nueva Ecija and later as governor of Nueva Ecija from 1902 to 1906. As lawyer, he was named as the district attorney of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija in 1900 and later as fiscal of the provinces of Bulacan and Bataan. He was named as an assistant technical director of the Philippine Census in 1918. He was appointed Director of the Philippine Library and Museum by Governor General Leonard Wood in 1925, serving until his death in 1928. Early life and marriage
<mask> was born in April 7, 1871 in Potrero, Malabon, Province of Manila to <mask> of Nueva Ecija and musician Antonina Cristóbal y Tongco.He studied at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he obtained a summa cum laude of Bachelor of Arts degree. He devoted some time for painting but music became part of his daily life and was even awarded a professorship in music. He finished his law studies in University of Santo Tomas and topped the bar exams in 1898. Rafael Palma (1930) noticed that during his college years his collecting instinct was early manifested when he curiously dedicated himself gathering plants and flowers in the Nueva Ecija wherein he also sought the company and even communed with the rural communities. According to Agoncillo, "nobody suspected that he would someday become a literary man". As a young law student, his fascination in the study of Spanish literature was through readings of Juan Valera's novel entitled "Pepita Jimenez" and most of all his available works. Eventually, he formed a delightful and lasting friendship with this author which he met in Spain.His home in Intramuros became the meeting place of literary cliques composed of Cecilio Apóstol (Catulo), Fernando María Guerrero (Fulvio Gil), José Palma, Rafael Palma, Jaime C<mask> Veyra, Macario Pineda, Mariano V<mask> Rosario, Salvador V. <mask>, Ysidro <mask>, Macario Adriatico, Jose Clemente Zulueta and Jose G. Abreu. He made a beautiful oil portrait of Rosa Sevilla and composed a melody dedicated for her. <mask>'s first wife was Doña Ursula Paez of Malabon; his second was Margarita Torralba of Malolos. Jose, his son to his first wife, became a historian, biographer, and collector. His brother, Escolastico, became a pianist for silent films and has made artistic contributions as a poet and a realist story teller in Philippine magazines and newspapers. Socrates, his son from second wife, became a leading Pentagon aeronautics engineer in his time. He has two lines of descendants with four children on his first wife Ursula Paez namely Jose, Rosario, Escolastico and Antonio and eight children on his second wife Margarita Torralba namely Leticia, Fernando, Socrates, <mask>, Hipatia Patria, Espacia Lydia, Glicera Ruth & Margarita.Literary and scholarly works
<mask> was considered one of the best Filipino writers in Spanish of his time and regarded as a literary genius. When he was young, he was the first Filipino to become a member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Language, Spanish Royal Academy of Literature and Spanish Royal Academy of History in Madrid. It was the admiration of his writings that Marcelino <mask> y Pelayo asked the Real Academia Española to open its door to the benevolent young native scholar. <mask> was a young associate editor of the revolutionary paper "La Independencia" (1898), writing in prose under the pen name G. Solon and also a member of the Malolos Congress. He also co-founded other newspapers like La Libertad, El Renaciemento, La Democracia, La Patria and Malaysia. He also made valuable publications namely; Algo de Prosa (1909), Literatura Tagala (1911), El Teatro Tagala (1911) Nuestra Literatura (1913), El Proceso del Dr. José Rizal (1914), Folklore Musical de Filipinas (1920). He also authored Filipinos y filipinistas (Filipinos and Filipinists), Filipinas para los Filipinos, Cuentos y paisajes Filipinos (Philippine Stories and Scenes) and Criminality in the Philippines (1903–1908).He was a member of Samahan ng mga Mananagalog which was initiated by <mask> in 1904, and it includes active members with the likes of Lope K<mask>, Rosa Sevilla, Hermenegildo Cruz, Jaime C<mask> Veyra and Patricio Mariano. He was a polyglot, being fluent in Spanish, English, French, German, Ita, Tingian, and Ibalao. He notably translated Florante and Laura classically into sonorous Castilian. As one of the brilliant writers in the Golden Age of Fil-Hispanic literature who had published numerous titles and books, he was an honorary member of the Academia Filipina de la Lengua Española. As a versatile researcher, he also contributed to early Philippine studies on anthropology, ethnology, archaeology, linguistics and demographics. Collections
<mask> <mask> <mask> traveled to many places in Europe, Asia, and Americas searching for rare Philippine documents in museums, archives, and libraries. He collected almost 200 paintings and sculpted pieces done by Juan Luna, Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo, Fabián <mask> Rosa, Juan Arellano, Pablo Amorsolo, Fernando Amorsolo, Graciano Nepomuceno and Guillermo Tolentino, musical literatures, opera records, valuable printed materials, documents and manuscripts on the revolution and historical pictures.According to Zaide, his famous Filipiniana collection was rated by foreign scholars as the best in the world. In Europe, he was recognized as the philologist and writer of biographical matters about the Philippines. According to Zaide, there are documents and printed matter in his collection that cannot be found elsewhere, not even in the Filipiniana Division of The National Library nor in any library the world over, the Library of Congress of the United States included. The best years of his life were spent in looking for them only to find them after an almost "wild goose chase" of a lifetime. His Rizaliana collections were greatly acknowledged by W. E. Retana, James A. Le-Roy, and Austin Craig. In all, there are 115 printed matter and 213 documents in the collection dealing with Philippine revolution

After <mask> <mask>'s death, the Philippine legislature, by virtue of the Philippine Clarin Act, negotiated with the widow and heirs of the great collector for the purchase of the collection and library. The Philippine government bought the priceless collections for P 19,250.00.Public service

<mask> <mask> <mask> was elected the Malolos Congress in September 1898, serving as one of the three representatives from Nueva Ecija until November 1899. In 1900, he was appointed district attorney of the town of San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. He was later elected as governor of Nueva Ecija in 1902 and again in 1904, serving until 1906. His election victory made him the first democratically elected provincial governor and head of the Federal Party in Nueva Ecija. A member of the Philippine Commission, he was immediately considered as one of those Filipino intellectuals to represent the Saint Louis World's Fair in 1904. He was later appointed provincial fiscal of Bulacan and Bataan provinces. He wrote a treatise on electoral fraud "Electoral Fraud and its Remedies" (Fraudes Electorales y Sus Remedios) in 1907 for the Philippine Assembly.On the side, he devoted his spare time to researches in Philippine history and literature. Portions of his collections where destroyed when fires hit his house in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija. According to Agoncillo and Palma, his interest lies not in politics. In 1918, he was appointed by Governor General Francis Burton Harrison as Assistant Technical Director of the Philippine Census. The last and most significant position <mask> <mask> held was Director of the Philippine Library and Museum, to which he was appointed by Governor General Leonard Wood in 1925. He succeeded his colleague Trinidad Pardo <mask>, who died on March 26, 1925. He was also elected as third President of the Philippine Library Association (now Philippine Librarians Association, Inc.), becoming the first Filipino of native parentage to assume such position professionally for Philippine library science.As a director of the Philippine Library, he immersed himself in his work and, according to bibliographer Gabriel Bernardo, gave up “all his other avocations except music and bibliophily.”

Death and legacy

He died in office on April 18, 1928, 11 days after his 57th birthday. The Philippine government paid him a tribute to a stately funeral. Local and foreign scholars lamented to a loss to what has been described by them as "Great among the Great Filipino Scholars." Epifanio <mask> <mask> Avenue (commonly known as EDSA), the main road through Metro Manila, was named after him. Several schools, streets, a college, a hospital, a printing press and an auditorium in National Library of the Philippines were also named in his honor. References

Bibliography

 CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art. Vol IX.Philippine Literature. Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines, 1994
 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. 2002 ed. The revolt of the masses- the story of Bonifacio and the Katipunan. University of the Philippines Press. E. de los Santos St., UP Campus, Diliman, Quezon City. <mask> <mask> <mask> (Great among the great Filipino scholars).1982. Printed by Merriam School & Office. Supplies Corporation, Manila. The <mask> <mask> family descendants memorabilia, historical pictures and clippings. Philippine Free Press. Manila. April 28, 1928.The Manila Tribune. April 19, 1928
 National Historical Institute (NHI). 1990. Filipinos in history. Vol. II. Manila.Bacallan, Joyce. 1988. Hero of the month- <mask> <mask> <mask>- a great Filipino academician. The youngster. p. 7. Bernardo, Fernando A. 2000.Silent storms: inspiring lives of 101 great Filipinos. Anvil Publishing, Inc. pp. 37–38. Bantug, Jose P. <mask> <mask> <mask>bal. pp. 215–223. Baylon, Gloria J. EDSA: Country's Avenue of History.The Philippine Post Nation: Leading to the Next Millennium. Feb. 23, 1998. Buencamino, Felipe; <mask> <mask>, <mask>. Census of the Philippine Islands: taken under the direction of Philippine legislature in the year 1918. A Government Publication. Manila: Bureau Printing. (1921?)Carson, Taylor; <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1927. History of the Philippine Press. Manila. 61 pp. Cayco, Librado D. (1934) Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal. Manila.National Heroes Day. University of the Philippines. Churchill, <mask> R.  <mask> <mask> <mask>, pioneer historian. In History & Culture, Language & Literature: Selected Essays of Teodoro A. Agoncillo. pp. 239–245. Cullinane, Michael.2003. Illustrado politics: Filipino elite responses to American rule, 1989–1908. Ateneo de Manila University. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1909. Algo de prosa. Madrid Fortanet.70 pp. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1909. Cinco notas al Capitulo octavo de los "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" del Dr. <mask> Morga (en su nueva edición de W.E. Retana). Madrid Fortanet. 24 pp.<mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1909. Literatura tagala : Conferencia leída en el Liceo de Manila ante el "Samahan ng mananagálog". Madrid Fortanet.25 pp. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1911. Informe acerca de una obra sobre los orígenes de la imprenta filipina.Madrid Imprenta de Fortanet. 52 pp. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1913. Trinidad H. Pardo <mask>. Cultura Filipina 4 (1): 1-49. <mask> <mask>, <mask>.1913. Ignacio Villamor: El funcionario y el hombre. Cultura Filipina 4 (3): 351–359. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1915. Ignacio Villamor: El funcionario y el hombre. Cultura Filipina 5 (4): 275–294.<mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1916. <mask> Pan: The Philippine Review 1 (May): 41–44. <mask> <mask>, <mask>.1957.Marcelo H<mask> Pilar; Andres Bonifacio; Emilio Jacinto. Kapisanang Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas. English and Tagalog. Translated from Spanish.<mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1973. The revolutionists: Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, Jacinto. Translated and edited by Teodoro A. Agoncillo. Manila: National Historical Commission. <mask> <mask>, <mask>. 1909.Epifanía Wenceslao E. Retana, ensayo crítico acerca de este ilustre filipinista. Establecimiento Tipográfico de Fortanet, Madrid. Dungo, Dolores T. <mask> <mask> <mask>. Epifanio de los Santos College, Malabon, Rizal. Espino, Licsi F. Jr. 1977. A Historian with style: love of learning chiseled the man. Archipelago: International Magazine of the Philippines 1:37-38.Fermin, Jose D. 2004. 1904 World's Fair: the Filipino experience. E. de los Santos St., UP Campus, Diliman Quezon City. p. 73. Gwekoh, Sol H. Biographical Sketch: <mask> <mask> <mask>. Variety. p 13.Hardtendorp, A. V. H. Don Pañong – genius. Philippine Magazine 26 (Sept.) 210–11, 234–235. <mask>, Vicente S. 1996. History of books and libraries in the Philippines 1521-1900: A study of the sources and chronology of events pertaining to Philippine library history from the sixteenth to the end of the nineteenth century. National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Manila. Mella, Cesar. 1974.Directory of Filipino Writers: Past and Present. Manila. CTM enterprises. Mojares, Resil B. 2006. Brains of the nation: Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo <mask>, Isabelo <mask> Reyes and the production of modern knowledge.Ateneo de Manila University Press. Bellarmine Hall, Katipunan Avenue Loyola Heights, Quezon City. p. 477. Nieva, Gregorio, ed. 1880- Manila, P.I. : G. Nieva [etc.]. 2005.The Philippine review (Revista filipina) [Vol. 2, no. 1]. More about Jose Rizal by <mask> <mask> <mask>. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Library. p. 22. Palma, Rafael.1930. <mask> <mask> <mask>. (English translation by Tiburcio Tumaneng from the Spanish Original). Manila. 14 pp. Qurino, <mask>. 1995. Who's who in the Philippine history.Manila. Tahanan Books. San Juan, E. Jr. Social Consciousness and Revolt in Modern Philippine Poetry. pp. 394–399. <mask>, Ramon Pagayon. 2007.Tunugan: four essays on Filipino Music. The University of The Philippines Press. 216 pp. Villareal, Hector K. et al. 1965. Eminent Filipinos. Manila: National Historical Commission.<mask>, Gregorio F. 1930. <mask> <mask> <mask>, his collection and library. The Tribune Magazine. pp. 4–5
 <mask>, Gregorio F. 1965. <mask> <mask> <mask>: Great among the great Filipino scholars. In Great Filipinos in history.88: 575–581. External links

 Who is EDSA? at www.geocities.com
 The North American Filipino Star - great composers and the success of the Kundiman  at www.filipinostar.org
 Strangers to Us All - The World's Lawyer Poets at www.myweb.wvnet.edu
 Viva La Independencia! --> at www.pia.gov.ph
 Virtual Law Library: Epifanio <mask> los Santos Avenue
 <mask> <mask> <mask>: The historian who became part of history  at https://news.google.com/newspapers
 Roles of Rizal, Bonifacio and other Heroes in the Development of the Republic of the Philippines from articles of <mask> De Los Santos  at http://www.malaya.com.ph

1871 births
1928 deaths
University of Santo Tomas alumni
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Filipino Roman Catholics
Filipino artists
Filipino composers
Linguists from the Philippines
Filipino lawyers
Filipino journalists
People of the Philippine Revolution
Filipino poets
Filipino educators
Filipino historians
Spanish-language writers of the Philippines
Nonviolence advocates
Members of the Royal Spanish Academy
People from Malabon
People from Nueva Ecija
Burials at the Manila North Cemetery
Filipino male poets
Members of the Malolos Congress
Governors of Nueva Ecija

masks:
Epifanio de los Santos y Cristóbal
Epifanio de los Santos
Escolastico de los Santos
. de
. del
del Rosario
Paredes
Epifanio
Federico
Epifanio
Mendez
Epifanio
Felipe Calderon
. Santos
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Epifanio
de los
Santos
de la
de los
Santos
Epifanio
de los
Santos
de los
Santos
de Tavera
de los
Santos
Epifanio
de los
Santos
Delos
Santos
Epifanio
delos
Santos
Epifanio
de los
Santos Cristo
De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
Bernadette
Epifanio
de los
Santos
De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
Antonio de
De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
de Taa
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Santos
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De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
Rafael del
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Santos
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De los
Santos
Epifanio
De los
Santos
Epifanio
Epifanio
de los
Santos
Epifanio
de los
Santos
Hernandez
de Tavera
de los
Epifanio
de los
Santos
Epifanio
de los
Santos Cristobal
Carlos
Santos
Zaide
Epifanio
de los
Santos
Zaide
Epifanio
de los
Santos
de
Epifanio
Delos
Santos
Epifanio