title: Stefano Bontade

texts:
<mask> (23 April 1939 – 23 April 1981) was a powerful member of the Sicilian Mafia. His actual surname was Bontate. He was the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Family in Palermo. He was also known as the Principe di Villagrazia (Prince of Villagrazia) − the area of Palermo he controlled − and Il Falco (the Falcon). He had links with several powerful politicians in Sicily, and with prime minister Giulio Andreotti. In 1981 he was killed by the rival faction within Cosa Nostra, the Corleonesi. His death sparked a brutal Mafia War that left several hundred mafiosi dead.Early career
Bontade was born <mask> on 23 April 1939, in Palermo, Sicily, into a family of Mafiosi. His father and grandfather were both powerful Mafia bosses in the area Villagrazia, Santa Maria di Gesù and Guadagna, which were rural districts before they were absorbed into the city of Palermo in the 1960s. <mask>'s father, Francesco Paolo Bontade, was one of the most powerful mafiosi on the island and a pallbearer at the funeral of Mafia boss Calogero Vizzini – one of the most influential Mafia bosses of Sicily after World War II until his death in 1954. <mask> and his brother <mask>, who would become a lawyer, studied at a Jesuit college. In 1964, at the age of 25, <mask> became the boss of the Santa Maria di Gesù Mafia Family when his father, Don Paolino <mask>, stepped down because of ill-health (he suffered from diabetes). The Mafia went through difficult times at that moment. A bloody internal struggle (known as the First Mafia War) culminated in the Ciaculli Massacre in June 1963 that killed seven police and military officers sent to defuse a bomb in an abandoned Alfa Romeo Giulietta after an anonymous phone call.The Ciaculli Massacre changed the Mafia war into a war against the Mafia. It prompted the first concerted anti-mafia efforts by the state in post-war Italy. Within a period of ten weeks 1,200 mafiosi were arrested, many of whom would be kept out of circulation for five or six years. The Sicilian Mafia Commission was dissolved and those mafiosi who had escaped arrest went into exile abroad or had to hide out in Italy. In 1968, 114 went to trial, though only ten minor figures would be convicted of anything. Bontade nonetheless managed to remain a highly important figure within Cosa Nostra, and he was also one of those responsible for ordering the death of Michele Cavataio by sending two of his soldiers, Gaetano Grado and Emanuele D'Agostino, to kill him in the Viale Lazio massacre. After the killing of Pietro Scaglione – Chief Prosecutor of Palermo – on May 5, 1971, the police rounded up the known Mafia bosses.Bontade was arrested in 1972 and he was sentenced to three years in the second Trial of the 114 in July 1974, but the sentence was annulled in appeal. Nevertheless, Bontade was sent in banishment to Qualiano (in the province of Naples). The policy of banishing mafiosi to other areas in Italy backfired, because they were able to establish contacts outside the island as well. Bontade, for instance, linked up with Giuseppe Sciorio of the Maisto-clan of the Camorra, who would be initiated in Cosa Nostra. Cigarette smuggling and heroin trafficking
Bontade and other banished mafiosi managed to get into the market of international cigarette smuggling by imposing first their protection, and later their involvement, upon the smugglers in Naples (who were connected with the Camorra) and Palermo who had been running this activity since the 1950s. For instance, a thriving smuggler such as Nunzio La Mattina, was initiated into the Santa Maria di Gesù Family. It was only through cigarette smuggling and subsequently heroin trafficking that many mafiosi were able to survive the difficult period after the Ciaculli Massacre.But then they started to accumulate large amounts of money rapidly. According to pentito Antonio Calderone, Bontade used to say that fortunately Tommaso Spadaro did a little bit of cigarette smuggling and gave him part of the profits, "because they were starving to death." (Spadaro was related to Bontade, being a godfather to one of his children.) Bontade was closely linked to the Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino network. This network and other Sicilian suppliers dominated heroin trafficking since the mid-1970s until the mid-1980s when US and Italian law enforcement were able to significantly reduce the heroin supply of the Sicilian Mafia (the so-called Pizza Connection). The Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo traffickers supplied the Gambino Family – through John Gambino – in New York with heroin that was refined in laboratories on the island from Turkish morphine base. According to Giovanni Falcone, the investigating magistrate, the group had made about US$600 million.The proceeds were re-invested in real estate. Rosario Spatola, who in his youth peddled watered milk in the streets of Palermo, became Palermo's largest building contractor and biggest taxpayer of Sicily. Francesco Marino Mannoia, who belonged to the Santa Maria di Gesù Family and who was highly sought after by all Mafia families for his skills in chemistry, after becoming a pentito recalled having refined at least 1,000 kilograms of heroin for Bontade. Marino Mannoia, who had been close to Bontade, decided to cooperate with the Italian state in October 1989, after his brother was killed by the Corleonesi (and subsequently saw his mother, his sister and his aunt killed as well). According to Marino Mannoia, Sicilian-born banker Michele Sindona laundered the proceeds of heroin trafficking for the Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo-Gambino network. The Mattei affair
In May 1994 Mafia turncoat Buscetta declared that Bontade had been involved in the murder of Enrico Mattei, the president of Italy's state-owned oil and gas conglomerate ENI. Mattei was killed in 1962 at the request of the American Cosa Nostra because his oil policies had damaged important American interests in the Middle East.The American Mafia in turn was possibly doing a favour to the large oil companies. Buscetta claimed that the killing was organized by Bontade, Salvatore Greco "Ciaschiteddu", and Giuseppe Di Cristina on the request of Angelo Bruno, a Sicilian born Mafia boss from Philadelphia. Buscetta also claimed that the journalist Mauro De Mauro was killed in September 1970 on the orders of Bontade because of his investigations into the death of Mattei. Buscetta said that Bontade organized the kidnap, because De Mauro's investigations into the death of Mattei came very close to the Mafia, and Bontade's own role in the affair. Other pentiti said that De Mauro was kidnapped by Emanuele D'Agostino, a mafioso from Bontade's Santa Maria di Gesù Family. De Mauro's body has never been found. Marino Mannoia testified that he had been ordered by Bontade in 1977 or 1978 to dig up several bodies, including De Mauro's, and dissolve them in acid.Sindona's bogus kidnapping
Michele Sindona was in charge of one of the biggest banks in the United States, the Franklin National Bank, controlled the Vatican foreign investments, and was a major sponsor of the Christian Democrat party (DC – Democrazia Cristiana), according to a 1982 parliamentary inquiry. The inquiry also pointed out Sindona's relationship with Giulio Andreotti – who served as the prime minister of Italy seven times – and who once defined Sindona as the 'rescuer of the lira'. After Sindona's banks went bankrupt in 1974, Sindona fled to the US. In July 1979, Sindona ordered the murder of Giorgio Ambrosoli, a lawyer appointed to liquidate his failed Banca Privata Italiana. At the same time the Mafia killed police superintendent Boris Giuliano, who was investigating the Mafia's heroin trafficking and had contacted Ambrosoli two weeks before to compare investigations. While under indictment in the US, Sindona staged a bogus kidnapping in August 1979 to conceal a mysterious 11-week trip to Sicily before his scheduled fraud trial. Bontade's brother in law Giacomo Vitale (a freemason, like Bontade) was one of those who organised Sindona's travel.The real purpose of the kidnapping was to issue lightly disguised blackmail notes to Sindona's past political allies – among them Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti – to engineer the rescue of his banks and recover Cosa Nostra's money. The plot failed and after his "release" Sindona surrendered to the FBI. The Sindona-affair showed the close links between the Mafia and certain important businessmen, freemasons and politicians. In the aftermath of the investigations it appeared that many of them were connected through the secret P2 lodge (Propaganda Due) of Licio Gelli. Political connections
<mask>e had links with the Christian Democrat politician Salvo Lima (DC – Democrazia Cristiana) and Antonio Salvo and Ignazio Salvo, two wealthy mafia-cousins from Salemi who acted as the tax collectors on the island (tax collection was contracted out by the government). Through them Bontade had access to Giulio Andreotti. Italy's highest court, the Court of Cassation, ruled in October 2004 that Andreotti had "friendly and even direct ties" with top men in the so-called moderate wing of Cosa Nostra, <mask>e and Gaetano Badalamenti, favoured by the connection between them and Salvo Lima.According to pentito Francesco Marino Mannoia, Andreotti contacted Bontade to try to prevent the Mafia from killing DC-politician Piersanti Mattarella. Mattarella became the President of the autonomous Sicilian Region in 1978 and wanted to clean up the government's public contracts racket that benefitted Cosa Nostra. Bontade and other mafiosi felt betrayed by Mattarella (his father Bernardo Mattarella was rumored to be associated with the Mafia, but all accusations against him were not proven before any court of law). Andreotti's attempt failed. After the murder of Mattarella on 6 January 1980, Andreotti again contacted Bontade to try to straighten things out. However, according to Marino Mannoia, Bontade told Andreotti: "we are in charge in Sicily, and unless you want the whole DC canceled out, you do as we say." <mask> was also in touch with Silvio Berlusconi in the mid-1970s, when Berlusconi still was just a wealthy real estate developer and started his private television empire (Berlusconi became prime minister in 1994, 2001–2006, and again from 2008 to 2012).Bontade visited Berlusconi's villa in Arcore on the outskirts of Milan, according to Antonino Giuffrè, a mafioso who was a key aide to Mafia kingpin Bernardo Provenzano but turned state witness after his arrest in April 2002. Bontade's contact at Arcore was the late Vittorio Mangano, a convicted mafioso who used to be a stable manager there. "When Vittorio Mangano got the job in the Arcore villa, <mask> and some of his close aides used to meet Berlusconi using visits to Mangano as an excuse," Giuffrè said. Berlusconi's lawyer dismissed Giuffrè's testimony as "false" and an attempt to discredit the Prime Minister and his party. Sicilian Mafia Commission
In 1970, the Sicilian Mafia Commission was revived. It consisted of ten members but would initially be ruled by a triumvirate consisting of Gaetano Badalamenti, <mask>e and the Corleonesi boss Luciano Leggio, although it was Salvatore Riina who actually would represent the Corleonesi. At the time Bontade was emerging as one of the Sicilian Mafia's acknowledged leaders.Young, rich, personable, intelligent and judicious, as well as the son of a renowned Mafia boss, it all made Bontade an undisputed candidate to sit on the Sicilian Mafia Commission. In 1975 the full Commission was reconstituted under the leadership of Badalamenti. The Mafia Commission was meant to settle disputes and keep the peace, but Leggio and his stand-in and successor, Salvatore Riina, were plotting to decimate the Palermo clans, including Bontade and Bontade's ally, Salvatore Inzerillo. At the close of 1978, the leadership of the Sicilian Mafia changed. Gaetano Badalamenti, was expelled from the Commission and Michele Greco replaced him. This marked the end of a period of relative peace and signified a major change in the Mafia itself. Greco was actually allied with Salvatore Riina, and he subsequently used his position to lure many more of Bontade's friends to their deaths in the subsequent Mafia War.Historically, the Greco clan was at odds with Bontate. Second Mafia War

The Second Mafia War raged from 1981 to 1983. In fact, two wars were being waged simultaneously by the Corleonesi clan. Riina had secretly formed an alliance of mafiosi in different families, cutting across clan divisions, in defiance of the rules concerning loyalty in Cosa Nostra. This secretive inter-family group became known as the Corleonesi. They slaughtered the ruling families of the Palermo Mafia to take control of the organisation, while waging a parallel war against Italian authorities and law enforcement to intimidate and prevent effective investigations and prosecutions. The Corleonesi initiated the war against the coalition led by Bontade and Badalamenti to try to control heroin trafficking.They began by first eliminating Bontade's allies outside Palermo, including Giuseppe Di Cristina and Giuseppe Calderone, the bosses of Riesi and Catania, in an effort to isolate the Palermitan bosses. Despite the larger economic means and the wider international network, the Bontade-Spatola-Inzerillo-Badalamenti network was unable to withstand the overmuch violence of the Corleonesi. The most important members of the Inzerillo, Spatola and Gambino clans were arrested in March 1980 for heroin trafficking, which undermined Bontade's position significantly. On 23 April 1981, while driving home from his 42nd birthday party in Palermo, Bontade was killed with a Kalashnikov by Riina's favourite hitman Pino Greco, also known as Scarpuzzedda ("little old shoe"), a nephew of Michele Greco. Bontade's close ally Salvatore Inzerillo was killed three weeks later with the same weapon. Many of Bontade and Inzerillo's friends, fellow mafiosi and relatives were cut down in the following months to prevent them from avenging the death of their bosses. One of Bontade's close friends was Tommaso Buscetta, who subsequently became a pentito (collaborating witness) after he was arrested in Brazil in 1983.Salvatore Contorno, one of Bontade's trusted aides, followed Buscetta's example. They were the key witnesses that enabled prosecuting magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino and the Antimafia pool to successfully prosecute the Mafia in the Maxi Trial in the mid-1980s. References

Sources
Dickie, John (2004). Cosa Nostra. A history of the Sicilian Mafia, London: Coronet,
Gambetta, Diego (1993).The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection, London: Harvard University Press,
Paoli, Letizia (2003). Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style, New York: Oxford University Press
Sterling, Claire (1990). Octopus.How the long reach of the Sicilian Mafia controls the global narcotics trade, New York: Simon & Schuster,
Stille, Alexander (1995). Excellent Cadavers. The Mafia and the Death of the First Italian Republic, New York: Vintage

1939 births
1981 deaths
Gangsters from Palermo
Sicilian Mafiosi
Sicilian Mafia Commission
People murdered in Italy
Mafiosi murdered by the Corleonesi
People murdered by the Corleonesi

masks:
Stefano Bontade
Stefano Bontate
Stefano
Stefano Bontade
Giovanni Bontade
Stefano Bontade
Bontade
Stefano Bontad
Stefano Bontad
Stefano Bontade
Stefano Bontade
Stefano Bontad


title: Eduardo Castro Luque

type: original

texts:
<mask> (12 December 1963 – 14 September 2012) was the deputy-elect of Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico and a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Born and raised in Ciudad Obregón, <mask> ran for office in his municipality and was elected as a state legislature for Sonora in the Congress of Mexico on 1 July 2012. Before running for office, he had served as the marketing manager of the Yaquis de Obregón baseball team in his hometown and was working at his privately owned publicity agency. On 14 September 2012, two days before entering office, he was gunned down outside his home by gunmen. He was later pronounced dead at a local hospital. Northern Mexico has been the scene of violent confrontations between Mexico's drug gangs. The recent wave of violence in Ciudad Obregón is attributed to the Sinaloa Cartel and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel, which fight for the control of retail drug sales and the smuggling routes leading to the United States.Personal life
<mask> <mask> was born on 12 December 1963 in the Mexican northern city of Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. He was married to Rossana Coboj and had one boy named <mask>. He held a bachelor's degree in Business administration from the Sonora Institute of Technology. The 48-year-old politician had never held a political office before he was elected on 1 July 2012. Prior to running for office, <mask> owned a publicity agency and was the marketing manager of the Yaquis de Obregón baseball team in his hometown. Assassination
Initial reports stated that on 14 September 2012 at around 20:55 local time, <mask> was returning home at Chapultepec neighborhood in the city of Ciudad Obregón, Sonora. Unaware of the assailant, the deputy-elect got out of his car and made a few steps towards the house entrance when an unknown gunman shot at him nine times, hitting vital organs.Nonetheless, according to the investigation of the Office of the General Prosecutor in Sonora (PJGE), the gunman faked a malfunction in his motorcycle when <mask> was coming back from a meeting held in Hermosillo prior to his installation as a state deputy. The assassin then asked <mask> for tool support and then shot him at close range. Once they had materialized the attack, the killer fled the scene in a motorcycle. <mask> was taken to a local hospital by his wife and young son while still being alive, but was declared dead an hour later. He was scheduled to take office as a Sonora's state Legislature in just two days. The Municipal Police of Cajeme, Sonora reported that <mask>'s front house door had been forced open and that some people had stolen his laptop a day before the assassination. At the scene, the Mexican police found six .45 millimeter bullet casings, as well as six warheads from the same caliber, that will help the Office of the General Prosecutor in Sonora (PGJE) as evidence for the investigation.Funeral
At 3:00 p.m. during a religious ceremony in the Cathedral of Ciudad Obregón, friends, supporters, politicians, and several citizens of the municipality gathered to pay homage to <mask>. The Bishop Felipe Padilla celebrated mass with over 900 attendees. Background
Since the start of Mexico's drug war, northern Mexico has been the scene of numerous battles between several drug trafficking organizations fighting for the control of the local drug markets and the smuggling routes leading to the United States. The municipality of Cajeme, Sonora – where <mask> was killed – is reportedly under dispute between two drug groups: the Sinaloa Cartel and the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel. In August 2012, Édgar Morales Pérez, the mayor-elect of a town in San Luis Potosí, was ambushed and killed by gunmen before taking office. Just like <mask>, Morales Pérez was a member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). Investigation and arrests
The Attorney General of Sonora established a special investigation group to carry out the inquiry of <mask>'s assassination.On 24 September 2012, the PGJE indicated that Manuel Ernesto Fernández Félix, the substitute deputy of Ciudad Obregón, ordered the assassination of <mask> so he could go into office. In Mexico, political candidates have to appoint a person to take over their duties if they die or are unable to serve. Sonora authorities accused Fernández Félix of paying a hitman more than $3000 to carry out the attack and of paying around $750 to the person who helped him find the assassin. Fernández Félix is currently a fugitive, while the other five implicated in the assassination are arrested. The Interpol, along with authorities in Mexico and the United States, are currently looking for the substitute deputy in over 190 countries. Several water-rights activists, however, question the theory of the Mexican prosecutors that the assassination was carried out by <mask>'s substitute. The activists of the Citizen Movement for Water stated that <mask> had launched a massive political campaign against a water project in Ciudad Obregón, and criticized the state government for constructing an aqueduct despite the judicial orders to suspend it.They allege that since the state of Sonora is ruled by the National Action Party (PAN), the investigation is too biased to be executed properly. Politicians in the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) also expressed their doubts on the theory of the state prosecutors of the PAN administration. Legacy
Several organizations carried out a "mega march" throughout Ciudad Obregón in memory of <mask> on 26 September 2012. See also
Mexican Drug War
Jaime Serrano Cedillo
List of politicians killed in the Mexican Drug War

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> on Twitter
 <mask> <mask> on Facebook
  Acuden políticos al IMSS (archive) – El Imparcial
   — Milenio (Video)

1963 births
2012 deaths
Institutional Revolutionary Party politicians
Mexican murder victims
Assassinated Mexican politicians
Deaths by firearm in Mexico
People from Ciudad Obregón
Politicians from Sonora
21st-century Mexican politicians
2012 crimes in Mexico
2012 murders in North America
2010s murders in Mexico
Sonora Institute of Technology alumni
Male murder victims

masks:
Eduardo Enrique Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Eduardo Enrique
Castro Luque
Eduardo
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Castro Luque
Eduardo Castro
Luque
Eduardo Castro
Luque


title: Bill Watts

texts:
William F<mask>. (born May 5, 1939) is a retired American professional wrestler, promoter and former American football player. <mask> garnered fame under his "Cowboy" gimmick in his wrestling career, and then as a tough, no-nonsense promoter in the Mid-South United States, which grew to become the Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF). In 1992, <mask> was the Executive Vice President of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) but after clashes with management over a number of issues, as well as feeling pressure from Hank Aaron over a racially insensitive interview, he resigned. He was subsequently replaced by Ole Anderson. In 1995, <mask> briefly worked as a booker for the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). In 2009, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. Football career
<mask> played as a linebacker for his high school football team, the Putnam City Pirates.Bud Wilkinson recruited him to play for the Oklahoma Sooners, where he played as a guard during his sophomore and junior years. However, his junior year was marred by a near fatal car accident involving him and his mother, resulting in him going into a coma. When he came out, he had lost a significant amount of weight, and had to put it back on, despite the coaches at the time preferring their players to be small and quick, which <mask> had struggled with before the accident. Former Sooners teammate Wahoo McDaniel (then of the Houston Oilers of the AFL), introduced him to professional wrestling for the first time, something McDaniel did in the off-season. <mask> turned professional in 1961 and joined the Oilers, but did not last long there, and according to a shoot interview, he left after knocking out a coach. Through McDaniel's friendship with defensive coach Bob Griffin, <mask> played for the Indianapolis Warriors of the United Football League, while also being able to wrestle for NWA Indianapolis. <mask> then had a try-out with the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL), but after a discussion with general manager Jim Finks, who wanted him to quit his wrestling career, <mask> left the Vikings having decided he could make more money back in Oklahoma.Professional wrestling career

As a professional wrestler, he famously feuded with WWF Champion Bruno Sammartino, but was unable to win the title. In the 1960s, he wrestled in many areas, such as San Francisco, Chicago, St. Louis, and even Japan for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). During these periods, <mask> challenged for both the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) and American Wrestling Association (AWA) versions of the World Title. Booking career

Mid-South Wrestling / Universal Wrestling Federation (1979–1987)
<mask> is perhaps even more famous for being a pioneering promoter in the Mid-South area of the United States, with his base of operation being in the Shreveport, Louisiana area. His promotion was known as Mid-South Wrestling. He is often credited with creating the current and popular "episodic" style of TV wrestling, building solid creative storylines week-on-week, with an emphasis on solid in-ring action with dependable wrestlers like "Dr. Death" Steve Williams, The Junkyard Dog, Ted DiBiase and Jim Duggan. He is an outspoken critic on breaking kayfabe and "smart" wrestling fans.A Watts-run promotion always had face and heel wrestlers dress in different locker rooms and to have faces and heels not meet publicly. He has also been known to revamp his booking plans in order to protect the business from such fans. After losing over half a million dollars, <mask> sold the UWF to NWA Mid-Atlantic's Jim Crockett Promotions, who kept many of their stars, such as Sting. Instead of having UWF as a separate organization, Crockett sent his mid-card wrestlers to the UWF and had them quickly win their titles. Eventually, the UWF folded, and Crockett would be bought out by Ted Turner in 1988. In April 1989, after firing George Scott, WCW offered <mask> the chance to book, but he declined the offer and WCW instead decided to go with a booking committee, which included Ric Flair, Kevin Sullivan, Eddie Gilbert, Jim Ross, Jim Cornette and Jim Herd. World Championship Wrestling (1992–1993)
<mask> became Executive Vice President of World Championship Wrestling (succeeding Kip Frey) in 1992.He took many of his old-school values with him, such as banning moves from the top rope and the babyfaces and heels separation. His tenure was not long, nor were his ideas overly embraced. According to his autobiography, Controversy Creates Ca$h, Eric Bischoff (who worked under <mask> at the time) felt <mask> would intimidate anyone he was talking to and was only interested in taking the WCW product back to 1970s standards, with poorly lit arenas and house shows in remote rural towns. He introduced his son, <mask>, to WCW around this time, who many felt was not ready for national wrestling. The circumstances of <mask>' departure in 1993 are controversial. Prior to 1992, he had given an interview to a wrestling newsletter. Most notably, <mask> had commented on Lester Maddox, a restaurant owner (and future Governor of Georgia) who was told he had to serve black people but instead closed down his business.<mask> felt Maddox stood up for what he believed in and acted accordingly. He also made several other controversial statements pertaining to race and sexual orientation. When he was hired by WCW, <mask> had explained the situation to Turner president <mask>, apparently to his satisfaction. However, a year later wrestling journalist Mark Madden brought the interview to the attention of Hank Aaron, himself a vice president in the Turner organization with the Atlanta Braves, who then pushed for <mask>' removal. While Madden takes credit for <mask> getting fired, <mask> himself disputes this account, saying he was not fired for the comments but quit his position out of frustration over "backstabbing" by Shaw and (unbeknownst to Shaw) had already resigned by the time Aaron got the newsletter. <mask> was replaced by Ole Anderson. World Wrestling Federation (1995)
<mask> later went on to a position of booking power in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).His tenure there was short, as he stated in later interviews that he was only there on a three-month contract and had no interest in staying long-term. On April 4, 2009, <mask> was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as a part of the Class of 2009. Personal life
<mask> has five children. From his first marriage, he has a son, William III (nicknamed Biff), and from his second marriage, he has three sons, Joel, Erik, Micah and a daughter, Ene. In March 2006, <mask> released his autobiography The Cowboy and the Cross: The <mask> Story: Rebellion, Wrestling and Redemption through ECW Press. The book chronicles his upbringing, his career as first a wrestler, then a promoter, along with events in his personal life. The book also details his becoming a born-again Christian.<mask> is a Republican, and in an ROH shoot interview with Jim Cornette, filmed in 2006, he criticised <mask> and the Democrats numerous times. He also said, "All men are equal, but some men are more talented than others, and worth more." <mask> served as co-host of a sports talk radio show on The Sports Animal in Tulsa, Oklahoma until late 2008. He was a longtime resident of Bixby, a Tulsa suburb.

masks:
. Watts Jr
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Erik Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Bill Shaw
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Bill Watts
Watts
Bill Clinton
Watts


title: Henry Stebbing (editor)

texts:
<mask> FRS (1799–1883) was an English cleric and man of letters, known as a poet, preacher, and historian. He worked as a literary editor, of books and periodicals. Life
Born at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, on 26 August 1799, he was the son of John Stebbing (died 11 December 1826), who married Mary Rede (died 24 May 1843) of a Suffolk family. In October 1818 he went to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he had been admitted a sizar on 4 July 1818. He graduated B.A. 1823, M.A. 1827, and D.D.1839, and on 3 July 1857 was admitted ad eundem at Oxford. On 3 April 1845 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. <mask> was ordained deacon by <mask>, the bishop of Norwich in 1822, and priest in 1823. Within a few months he was in charge of three parishes for absentee incumbents, and rode forty miles each Sunday to do the duty. In 1825 he was appointed evening lecturer at St. Mary's, Bungay, and about 1824 he became perpetual curate of Ilketshall St. Lawrence, Norfolk. <mask> became, in January 1826, second master, under Edward Valpy of Norwich grammar school; <mask> was one of his pupils there. In 1827 he moved to London, and was soon working for the booksellers, combining writing with clerical work.From 1829 he was alternate morning preacher, and from 1836 to 1857 perpetual curate, of St. James, Hampstead Road, London. He officiated during the same period at the large cemetery of St. James, Piccadilly, which was situated behind his church, and from 1834 to December 1879 he acted as chaplain to University College hospital. For a few months, from 21 November 1835 to the following spring, he held, on the presentation of John Norris, the vicarage of Hughenden Manor in Buckinghamshire. In 1841 he was chaplain to the Lord Mayor of London, Thomas Johnson. In 1857 Archibald Campbell Tait, then bishop of London, gave Stebbing the rectory of St. Mary Somerset, with St. Mary Mounthaw in the city of London. Under the Union of Benefices Act, the parishes of St. Nicholas Cole-Abbey and St. Nicholas Olave were united with them in November 1866, and those of St. Benet and St. Peter, Paul's Wharf, in June 1879. He held the composite living for the rest of his life.<mask> died at St. James's parsonage, Hampstead Road, London, on 22 September 1883, and was buried on 27 September in Kensal Green Cemetery, London. <mask>'s first poem, The Wanderers, was printed at the end of 1817 and circulated to friends. In August 1818 he published Minstrel of the Glen and other Poems. After his marriage he wrote for money. Periodicals
<mask> was connected with the Athenæum magazine from its foundation. He was engaged by James Silk Buckingham in its early planning. A notice by him of Renn Hampden work on Butler's Analogy, or Philosophical Evidences of Christianity was the opening review in the first number of 2 January 1828, and his article on Richard Whately's Rhetoric led the second number.After three or four issues he became the working editor. A moderate churchman, inclining to evangelicalism, in 1847 <mask> published A Letter to Lord John Russell on the Established Church, in which he argued for a reform of the system of patronage. In 1848 he owned and edited the Christian Enquirer and the Literary Companion, of which seven issues were published. Books
<mask>'s major works were:

History of Chivalry and the Crusades in Constable's Miscellany, vols. l. and li., 1830; praised by Christopher North. Lives of the Italian Poets, 1831, 3 vols. ; 2nd edit.with numerous additions, 1832, 3 vols. ; new edition in one volume, with omissions and alterations, 1860. History of the Christian Church in Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, 1833, 2 vols. History of the Reformation in Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia, 1836, 2 vols. History of Church of Christ from Diet of Augsburg, 1530, to the Eighteenth Century; originally intended as a continuation of Joseph Milner's History, 1842, 3 vols. The Church and its Ministers, 1844. History of the Universal Church in Primitive Times, 1845.The Christian in Palestine, or Scenes of Sacred History; to illustrate sketches on the spot by <mask> Bartlett, 1847. Short Readings on Subjects for Long Reflection, 1849. History of Christ's Universal Church prior to the Reformation, 1850, 2 vols. The long Railway Journey and other Poems, 1851. Jesus: a poem in six Books, 1851. Christian Graces in Olden Time: Poetical Illustrations, 1852. Near the Cloisters, 1868, 2 vols.; description of life in Norwich early in the 19th century. He wrote a continuation to the Death of William IV, of David Hume and Tobias Smollett's History of England. His Essay on the Study of History, which appeared as an addition to Hume, was published separately in 1841. Editor
From 1834 to 1836 <mask> edited, with Richard Cattermole, thirty volumes of the Sacred Classics of England. He was editor of the Diamond Bible (1834, 1840, and 1857), Diamond New Testament (1835), Charles Knight's Pictorial Edition of the Book of Common Prayer (1838–1840), Tate and Brady's Psalms (1840), Psalms and Hymns, with some original Hymns (1841), and many modern theological works. He also edited the works of Josephus (1842) and of John Bunyan, John Milton's Poems (1839 and 1851), and Daniel Defoe's Journal of the Plague Year (1830), and Robinson Crusoe (1859). Literary circles
<mask> knew many literary figures.He breakfasted with Samuel Rogers, and was introduced by Basil Montagu to Coleridge's set at Highgate. He conversed with Walter Scott, corresponded with Robert Southey, heard Thomas Moore sing his Irish ballads, and knew Thomas Campbell and Charles Dickens. Family
Stebbing married, at Catton church, near Norwich, on 21 December 1824, Mary, daughter of William Griffin of Norwich, and sister of Vice-admiral William Griffin. His wife (born at Norwich on 22 February 1805) died on 3 February 1882, and was buried in the same cemetery. Five sons and four daughters survived. His sons included <mask> and Thomas Roscoe Rede <mask>; and two daughters, Beatrice Batty and <mask>, were known as authors. The eldest son, John (died 1885), translated Wilhelm Humboldt's Letters to a Lady and Adolphe Thiers's History of France under Napoleon.Notes

Attribution

1799 births
1883 deaths
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
19th-century English Anglican priests
English historians
Fellows of the Royal Society
English male poets
19th-century English poets
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
19th-century English male writers
People from Great Yarmouth
English male non-fiction writers

masks:
Henry Stebbing
Stebbing
Henry Bathurst
Stebbing
Henry Reeve
Stebbing
Works Stebbing
Stebbing
Stebbing
Stebbing
William Henry
Stebbing
Stebbing
William Stebbing
Stebbing
Grace Stebbing


title: Reg Gasnier

texts:
<mask><mask><mask>  (12 May 1939 – 11 May 2014) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. He played  for the St. George Dragons from 1959 to 1967 and represented Australia in a then record 36 Tests and three World Cup games. He was the captain of the national side on eight occasions between 1962–1967. <mask> was included on the National Rugby League's list of 100 greatest players and the honorary Team of the Century. He is a member of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame and Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia. Early life
<mask> was born in the Southern Sydney suburb of Mortdale on 12 May 1939.At Sutherland Intermediate High School, <mask> excelled at both rugby and cricket. He later attended Sydney Technical High School ("Tech") in the St. George area suburb of Bexley. While at Tech, he became a champion sportsman in both rugby and cricket, achieving junior state representative honours in both sports. He went on to play rugby league for junior club Renown United. <mask> was selected in the NSW schoolboys side aged 13, to play in a curtain raiser to the 1952 Australia and New Zealand Test. Career
<mask> has been described as the ultimate all-round rugby league player. Teammate Keith Barnes recalled: "He had everything, a body swerve, speed and acceleration.He could stand you up or run around you. There was no better sight in rugby league than when he threw his head back and left them standing." Dave Bolton, who played against <mask> in international play remarked:  "He was a great player. Along with Eric Ashton the best centre I’ve ever seen. He was very fast and very deceptive. You never knew what he would do next. He'd be running straight and then veer left or right."Upon <mask>'s retirement then ARL chairman Bill Buckley said, "[In] his day, he was the greatest rugby league player I have ever seen. Gasnier had an amazing change of pace and great anticipation. He was also particularly unselfish. He was without peer." <mask> was nicknamed "Puff the Magic Dragon" and the "prince of centres" for his high-quality play. St. George Dragons
In 1957, <mask>, aged 18, focused his attention on rugby league, signing with the local St. George Dragons for the 1958 season. After only six games in third grade, he was selected for his first grade debut, and after only five first grade games he was selected for New South Wales.He scored 15 tries in 16 games for his state team. By 1959, <mask> had become an established member of both the New South Wales state side and the Australian international team. He was an important member of the dominant Dragons team of the late 1950s/early 1960s that won 11 consecutive premiership victories, of which <mask> was on the team for six. He finished his career with the Dragons in 1967, with 127 tries and 20 goals in 125 appearances and 6 premierships. <mask> is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever St. George Dragons players. National team
In 1959, <mask> moved up from reserve to Test team, making  his international debut for Australia against New Zealand in the 1st Test of 1959 in Sydney. He played in all three Tests of that series, and went on to tour Britain with the Kangaroos.On the tour, he scored a hat trick in the 1st Test 22–14 victory against Great Britain at Swinton's Station Road (attendance 35,224). However the Ashes were retained by the home nation after wins in the remaining Tests at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds (11–10, attendance 30,184) and Central Park (Wigan) (18–12, attendance 26,089). In 1960, he played in World Cup finals as a member of the national team. He is listed on the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 339. <mask> became Australia's youngest ever captain in 1962 when he led Australia against England at 23 years and 28 days. The following season, he toured Europe as a member of the National Team for a second time.In 1967-68, he again toured Europe, this time as coach-captain of the Kangaroos. His career ended prematurely, at age 28, when he broke his leg during the first test at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, that saw him sit out the remainder of the English leg. He returned to the field in France but in a minor game against Les Espoirs in Avignon, he suffered a further break of the leg. This would ultimately cause him to announce his retirement from playing at the age of just 28. He later told in an interview that he never regretted his decision to retire, explaining that he had been playing rugby league virtually non-stop including juniors, junior representative games, the Sydney premiership, interstate games and international tours since the early 1950s, and felt it was about time that he started devoting more time to his family. He finished his international career as Australia's most capped player, with a total of 39 caps (36 Test and 3 World Cup), a record that remained until Mal Meninga broke it in 1992. <mask> scored 28 tries for Australia and captained the side on eight occasions.Media career
After retiring from the playing field in 1967, <mask> was involved in the media side of rugby league, becoming a sports writer and broadcaster. He provided expert analysis on the ABC's Grandstand television coverage during the 1970s. Personal life and death
While at Sydney Technical High School, <mask> met his future wife Maureen (née Sullivan). The couple wed in 1962. <mask> was the uncle of the rugby league footballer <mask>, who, like his uncle, was a centre and played for both NSW (12 games) and Australia (15 tests). In 2010, <mask> underwent major surgery to remove tumours from his neck and brain. On 11 May 2014, the day before his 75th birthday, he died in a Miranda nursing home after a long illness.He was survived by his wife, son Peter, daughter Kellie, and four grandchildren. Maureen died on 30 September 2016. Honours
In 1981, <mask> was selected as one of the initial four post-war "Immortals" of the Australian game along with Clive Churchill, Johnny Raper and Bob Fulton. In December of that year, he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame and in 2002, he was inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1989. He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000, and the Centenary Medal in 2001. In 1989 he was awarded Life Membership of the St. George Dragons club.In 2007, <mask> was selected by a panel of experts at centre in the "Team of the 50s". In February 2008, he was selected as one of Australia's 100 Greatest Players by the National Rugby League and Australian Rugby League to celebrate the code's centenary year. <mask> was also named as one of the centres, along with Mal Meninga, in Australian rugby league's 17 player Team of the Century in April 2008. New South Wales also named <mask> to their team of the century. <mask> was made a life member of the Sydney Cricket Ground, and a plaque in the Walk of Honour there commemorates his career. In 2010, a bronze statue of <mask> was unveiled as the seventh at the grounds as part of the Basil Sellers Sports Sculpture project. A tribute to the life of <mask> was held at Jubilee Oval, Kogarah on 5 July 2014 and was attended by over 12,000 people.Many of his former team-mates attended the hour long ceremony including three Immortals; Graeme Langlands, Wally Lewis and Johnny Raper. The late Clive Churchill was represented by his wife Joyce and the late Arthur Beetson was represented by his son Mark. Other notable former players attended including Eddie Lumsden, Johnny Riley, Johnny King, Dave Brown, Bob Bugden, Grahame Bowen, Tommy Ryan, Brian Graham and Billy Smith. The Master of Ceremonies for the occasion was noted broadcaster Ray Warren who read tributes to <mask> provided by Ian Heads, Robert Raftery and David Middleton plus historical photographs and video footage of <mask>'s career were shown to the crowd. A plaque is erected near the north western sideline of Jubilee Oval where <mask> showed his electrifying skill and talent during his sparkling rugby league career. The plaque was unveiled by <mask>'s wife Maureen and children, Kellie and Peter. References

Footnotes

External links
 <mask> at bestlegenz.com.au
 <mask> at rl1908.com
 <mask> at eraofthebiff.com

1939 births
2014 deaths
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team coaches
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league coaches
City New South Wales rugby league team players
Members of the Order of Australia
New South Wales rugby league team players
People educated at Sydney Technical High School
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
St. George Dragons players

masks:
Reginald William "
Reg
" Gasnier
Gasnier
Reginald William Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Mark Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier


title: Paul Serruys

texts:
<mask>ys C.I.C.M. (19 November 191216 August 1999) was a Belgian missionary, sinologist, and academic best known for his studies on the grammar of Classical Chinese, oracle bone script, and on the varieties of Chinese. He was a member of the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae (Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) missionary order, and proselyted in China in the 1930s, then later became a professor of Chinese at the University of Washington. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born on 19 November 1912 in Heule, a village in the West Flanders region of Belgium. Serruys was one of seven children, and his father was a successful brewer. His primary education was in local village schools, after which he began boarding at a Catholic high school in nearby Kortrijk. The school required students to become fluent in French and German, as well as in the Latin and Greek Classics, which stimulated Serruys' interest in linguistics and philology.During his time in secondary school, Serruys became a strong supporter of the Flemish Movement. In 1930, after he completed secondary school, Serruys followed his older brother Henry in joining the novitiate of the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae (Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary), a Roman Catholic missionary order focused on East Asia and Africa. Inspired by the examples of prominent Catholic missionaries in China such as Matteo Ricci and Theophiel Verbist, the founder of the C.I.C.M., <mask> and his brother began intensively studying Mandarin Chinese, Classical Chinese, and other Chinese dialects at the Catholic University of Leuven. After several years of study, Serruys was ordained a Catholic priest on 4 August 1936 and departed for China one year later in August 1937. China
Serruys arrived in Tianjin in November 1937 after a difficult two-month sea voyage, then traveled by train to his assigned parish in Xicetian (), a small village in Shanxi Province located between Datong city and Hunyuan County along the banks of the Sanggan River. At the time, the area was occupied by the Japanese Army, while the countryside was patrolled by Chinese guerrilla fighters and bandits, making travel often dangerous. Serruys focused his efforts on studying the local dialect, which was a variety of Jin Chinese.Serruys' focus on studying the local language was often criticized by other missionaries, who felt he cared more about linguistic research than ministering to his congregants and proselytizing. Much of his early scholarship focused on correcting errors in existing translations of prayers, missals, and catechisms. In March 1943, <mask> and his fellow missionaries were placed under house arrest by the Japanese, first in the Weihsien Internment Camp, then at the chapter house of the Jesuits in Beijing. Serruys was released with the rest of the captives in late 1945 following Japan's unconditional surrender and the end of World War II, whereupon Serruys was sent to Zhangguantun (), a township several miles outside of Cangzhou in Hebei Province. Conditions were poor due to the continuation of the Chinese Civil War, and Serruys was forced to hide most of his religious materials to prevent their confiscation by the anti-religious Communist Party of China forces after the Kuomintang lost control of the region in 1946. <mask> moved back to Beijing in 1947, where he taught at a C.I.C.M. academy and studied at Fu Jen Catholic University.Berkeley
In 1949, Serruys and other C.I.C.M. missionaries who had been in China for more than 10 years were evacuated home to Europe. The C.I.C.M assigned <mask> and his brother to pursue graduate study in Chinese, so Serruys went to the University of California, Berkeley while his brother went to Columbia University. He arrived at Berkeley, California in 1950, where he studied under the prominent Russian-American sinologist Peter A. Boodberg, Chinese linguist Y. R. Chao, American linguist Mary Haas, and German sociologist Wolfram Eberhard. The C.I.C.M. did not provide Serruys with financial support during his time at Berkeley, so he supported himself by working as a chaplain and saying Mass and hearing confession at local Catholic churches. He received his Ph.D. in 1956 with a dissertation entitled "Prolegomena to the Study of Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen", a study of the Fangyan, an ancient Chinese dialect dictionary compiled in the 1st century AD by Yang Xiong.After receiving his Ph.D., <mask> received a Guggenheim Fellowship allowing him to continue working on his studies of the Fangyan for two years, resulting in his 1959 book The Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen. Teaching
In 1962, <mask> left Berkeley to take up a position as director of the Chinese program at Georgetown University's Institute for Languages and Linguistics. He taught there for three years until 1965, when he was offered a professorship in early Chinese language at the University of Washington by Li Fang-Kuei. Serruys accepted, and was a professor at Washington for 16 years. <mask> recalled his time at Washington as "the happiest of his life", teaching courses on Classical Chinese and the development of Chinese characters. Serruys' Classical Chinese courses were some of the first to "[approach] classical texts from the standpoint of a carefully defined grammatical framework, strictly and rigorously applied in analysis". He retired in 1981 due to a policy that required professors to retire at age 70, which was common at U.S. universities in the 20th century.Research
Early in his time at Washington, Serruys focused his research on Chinese bronze inscriptions, but later became engrossed in the study of oracle bone script. His research culminated in his article "Studies in the Language of the Shang Oracle Inscriptions", published in T'oung Pao in 1974, which is considered "a cornerstone of [the] field" among Western scholars. One theory regarding the grammar of the Shang oracle inscription language he proposed in the article is named after him, i.e., "Rule of Serruys"（司礼义法则）in the field of oracle bone studies. However, according to Edward L. Shaughnessy, "Serruys rarely wrote anything, and published even less; when he did publish, it was very hard to follow the logic of his argument, which was essentially presented through the translation of numerous example sentences." Retirement and later life
The C.I.C.M had no chapterhouse in the Pacific Northwest, so Serruys decided to move to Taiwan after his retirement from the University of Washington. He struggled to adjust to life in Taiwan and began having some health problems, and so returned to the U.S. in 1985. In 1994, the C.I.C.M convinced Serruys to move to their retirement facility in Kessel-Lo, a village outside of Leuven in Belgium.The order provided space for <mask>' large book collection, and he spent the last years of his life doing as much research and correspondence as his health allowed. In 1999 he suffered a serious seizure possibly caused by a stroke, which severely weakened his body and mind. <mask> died in Kessel-Lo on 16 August 1999, aged 86. Selected works
 <mask>, <mask> (1959). The Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. – – – (1974)."Studies in the Language of the Shang Oracle Inscriptions", T'oung Pao 60, pp. 12–120. – – – (1984). "On the System of the Pu Shou 部首 in the Shuo-wen chieh-tzu 說文解字", Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Vol. 55, pt. 4, pp. 651–754.– – – (1991). "Studies in the Language of the Shih-ching: I, the Final Particle Yi", Early China, Vol. 16, pp. 81–168. References
Footnotes

Works cited

1912 births
1999 deaths
Belgian sinologists
University of Washington faculty
Belgian Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in China
Belgian expatriates in China
Fu Jen Catholic University faculty
Missionary linguists

masks:
Paul Leo Mary Serru
Paul Leo Mary Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Serruys
Paul


title: Jeff Timmons

texts:
<mask> (born April 30, 1973) is an American pop singer, songwriter and producer and founding member of the Grammy-nominated pop group 98 Degrees. Career

Rise of 98 Degrees
<mask> was the founding member of 98 Degrees. While studying psychology at Kent State, <mask> decided to move to Los Angeles to pursue a career in entertainment. Although he received several acting jobs (including a commercial for the U.S. Navy), his passion belonged to music and he formed a singing group subsequently. <mask> (along with <mask>, and brothers Drew and Nick Lachey) formed independently and were later signed to the Motown label in the mid-1990s. In 1997, they released their first single "Invisible Man" which peaking at number-twelve in the Billboard Hot 100. After building popularity with their appearance in the movie Mulan, singing "True to Your Heart" which had them collaborate with Stevie Wonder, their success broke out in late 1998 with their album 98 Degrees and Rising, which included the hit singles "The Hardest Thing", "I Do (Cherish You)" and "Because of You".In 2000, the group released their fourth album Revelation which became their highest charting album in the Billboard 200. The group took a hiatus in 2002 though they reunited briefly to sing on Nick and Jessica's Christmas Special, a Christmas TV special which featured member Nick Lachey and his then-wife, singer-actress Jessica Simpson. Solo ventures
<mask> and the other members of 98 Degrees decided to take a break in 2002 after their world tour. <mask> launched his solo career by touring with Jim Brickman. After positive reviews, he wrote and arranged his first solo album, Whisper That Way, which was released in August 2004 and included the singles Whisper That Way, Better Days and Favorite Star. The album reached #20 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In September 2005, <mask> rejoined his band to perform at Club Purgatory in the neighborhood of Cincinnati to support bandmate <mask> in his candidacy for mayor of Cincinnati.In October 2006, <mask> participated in the VH1 reality TV series, Mission: Man Band. This TV show grouped four former pop singers, <mask>, Bryan Abrams of Color Me Badd, Rich Cronin of LFO and Chris Kirkpatrick of *NSYNC to form a new band called Sureshot. In December 2009, <mask> offered his second album, Emotional High to fans for free via his website. The album contained the single "Emotional High". In 2012, <mask> joined boy bands A1 and Blue in a Southeast Asian world tour and performed both his solo songs and 98 Degrees singles. In 2016, <mask> joined the team on the Discovery Science television series "Droned" as a Co-Executive Producer. The series was picked up for distribution in 94 countries worldwide.In October 2018, <mask> enjoyed one of the most successful ventures of his career, teaming up with CBS Big Brother Legend and IMPACT Wrestling Superstar Mr. PEC-Tacular Jessie Godderz to record the single The Girl Is With Me. The song (and accompanying music video) garnered rave reviews and went viral, with prominent features in Entertainment Tonight, People Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Entertainment Weekly, Yahoo, and many more worldwide media outlets, spurring talks of a follow-up single. The song is also scheduled to appear in an upcoming episode of the Amazon Prime series New Dogs, Old Tricks by Gemelli Films. Men of the Strip
In 2011, <mask> joined the Chippendales male stripper revue as a singer / performer and MC for a limited run. He was initially skeptical about taking up the offer, but was encouraged by his wife Amanda, and his decision launched a new phase in his career. The success of mixing his performance with the male revue inspired <mask> to propose a more mainstream version with the men performing more than a strip show, but this idea was not supported by Chippendales management. Together with Emmy-nominated choreographer Glenn Douglas Packard and entrepreneur "Money Mike" Foland, <mask> created the "Men of the Strip" revue, a process documented in a 2014 docusoap film of the same name, produced for the E!network. <mask> describes the film as "like Magic Mike with elements of Sex and the City: the guys' personal lives, they're fighting to be the best at what they can do, but at the end of the day, they're family." He also said that the film covers the audition process, "how they navigate being on stage" and that while "[p]eople are going to think they know what male strippers are all about, each of these guys are unique and interesting." The Men of the Strip troupe earned a contract and regular performances at the Tropicana Las Vegas from 2017, as well as touring in the United States and Canada. The Men of the Strip performers are required to sing and dance in shows, at times performing with <mask> who also sometimes acts as MC. Personal life
<mask> was born April 30, 1973 in Canton, Ohio. He graduated from Massillon Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio, and Malone College, Canton, Ohio, where he played football for a year.<mask> met his wife, Amanda, while co-hosting a New Kids on the Block event for Jordan Knight. Having had "such a bad previous marriage I had no intention of ever having a serious relationship again," <mask> was not looking for love but found Amanda intriguing and fascinating as she did not know him despite his previous fame with 98 degrees. <mask> describes her as the "brainchild behind the rebirth of my career," referring to the Men of the Strip project, and states "[a]nything that happens forward, if it's a successful endeavor, you can be assured that she's behind it." <mask> has children by his first wife and he has spoken about the challenge of explaining the Men of the Strip show to them. Discography

98 Degrees
 98° (1997)
 98° and Rising (1998)
 Revelation (2000)
 2.0 (2013)

Solo albums
 Whisper That Way (2004)

Singles
2004: "Whisper That Way"
2004: "Better Days"
2005: "Favorite Star"
2009: "Emotional High"
2014: "That Girl"
2018: "The Girl Is With Me" featuring Mr. PEC-Tacular Jessie Godderz

Filmography
 Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration (2001)
 The Screen Savers (9/9/2004)
 Mission Man Band (2007 - 2008)
 Dead 7 (2016)
 Droned (2016) - Co-Executive Producer

References

External links

Reverbnation page
Official Facebook Group

1973 births
Living people
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
98 Degrees members
American male pop singers
American tenors
Singers from Ohio
Musicians from Canton, Ohio
Malone University alumni
Kent State University alumni
American contemporary R&B singers

masks:
Jeffrey Brandon Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Justin Jeffre
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Justin Jeffre
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons


title: Suzanne Gordon

texts:
<mask> is an American journalist and author who writes about healthcare delivery and health care systems and patient safety and nursing. <mask> coined the term “Team Intelligence,” to describe the constellation of skills and knowledge needed to build the kind of teams upon which patient safety depends. Her work includes, First Do Less Harm: Confronting the Inconvenient Problems of Patient Safety (Cornell University Press, 2012), a collection of essays edited with Ross Koppel and Beyond the Checklist: What Else Health Care Can Learn from Aviation Safety and Teamwork (Cornell University Press, 2012), written with commercial pilot Patrick Mendenhall and medical educator Bonnie Blair O’Connor, with a foreword by Captain Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger. It also includes books about nursing's contribution to health care including Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines, and Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. With Bernice Buresh, she is author of From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public, which is in its third edition. Along with Sioban Nelson, she co-edits The Culture and Politics of Health Care Work Series at Cornell University Press. She is author, co-author or editor of 18 books.She is currently working on a book about the innovations and clinical care at the Veterans Health Administration. <mask> is co-author of the play about team relationships in healthcare entitled Bedside Manners. This play has been performed at numerous venues including the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The National Patient Safety Foundation, and is being used in Interprofessional Education programs in the US and Canada, including the University of Toronto and The University of California at San Francisco, Yale University, and many others. <mask> has been a radio commentator for US CBS Radio and National Public Radio's Marketplace. She is a certified TeamSTEPPS Master Trainer. <mask> has lectured all over the world on healthcare issues. She is Assistant Adjunct Professor at the University of California at San Francisco School of Nursing.She is also an Affiliated Scholar at the Wilson Centre at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Medicine. and an editorial board member of the Journal of Interprofessional Care. Early years
<mask> grew up in New York City and Scarsdale, New York. Her father, Dan M<mask>, M.D. was an ophthalmologist, who practiced at New York Hospital and was a professor at Cornell Medical School. He did the original research that adapted the use of ACTH and Cortisone for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. She got her first job in journalism in 1970 at United Press International.She also helped found and write for Women: A Journal of Liberation, one of the first feminist journals in the US. Career
For the first part of her career she wrote largely about political culture and women's issues, writing Lonely in America (1996), a journalistic account of loneliness as a mass social problem in American society. She also wrote a widely reviewed expose of ballet as work – Off Balance: The Real World of Ballet. The book challenged the myth that everything is beautiful at the ballet. <mask> began writing about healthcare after she had her first baby at a small community hospital outside of Boston. Socialized like so many others, only to focus on the role of physicians in healthcare, she was surprised to discover the importance of nurses in monitoring and managing her labor and delivery, making sure she and her baby were safe, and helping her to cope with her post-labor problems and learn how to take care of her baby. She wrote her first article on nursing, “The Crisis in Caring” for the Boston Globe Sunday Magazine.She then spent three years at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, following three nurses for her book Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines. When President Clinton launched his failed health care initiative, which launched the era of managed care, <mask> began to journalistically document the impact of managed care on patients and caregivers alike. Her book Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost-Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nursing and Patient Care explored the problems of for-profit driven managed care. In 2000, with the publication of the paperback version of Dana Beth Weinberg's Code Green, for which she wrote a foreword, <mask> and her colleagues Fran Benson and Sioban Nelson, launched the Culture and Politics of Health Care Work Series at Cornell University Press which has published 30 titles on healthcare. In the mid 2000 <mask> began to focus more on patient safety. Concerned about the parlous state of physician/nurse communication, she wrote the play Bedside Manners, with playwright Lisa Hayes in 2013. Awards
 American Journal of Nursing.2000 Book of the Year Award. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public. Nursing in the Media Award. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. 2001. 2005 Golden Lamp Award for the Best Media Depiction of Nursing (Center for Nursing Advocacy) for Nursing against the Odds
 Winner of the 2006 Golden Lamp Award for Best Media on How Nurses Present Themselves to the Public for The Complexities of Care
 Winner of the 2006 American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Awards (Community/Public Health, Professional Development and Issues, History and Public Policy) for The Complexities of Care
 Book of the Year Award. American Journal of Nursing for Safety in Numbers, 2008.First-place Winner of the 2009 AJN Book of the Year Awards (Leadership and Management, Public Interest and Creative Works) for Safety in Numbers

Books
 <mask>, <mask>. Black Mesa: The Angel of Death. New York: John Day, 1973. <mask>, <mask>. Lonely in America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976. <mask>, <mask>.Off Balance: The Real World of Ballet. New York: Pantheon, 1984, paperback, McGraw Hill, 1985. <mask>, <mask>. Prisoners of Men's Dreams: Striking Out for a New Feminine Future. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1991. <mask>, <mask>. Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines.New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1997. , paperback Back Bay Books, 1998. Buresh, Bernice and <mask>, <mask>. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public. Ottawa: Canadian Nurses Association, third edition 2013. <mask>, <mask>. Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.Buresh, Bernice and <mask>, <mask>. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public, 2nd Edition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, May 2006. Nelson, Sioban and <mask>, <mask> editors. The Complexities of Care: Nursing Reconsidered. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. <mask>, <mask>, Buchanan, John, Bretherton, Tanya.Safety in Numbers: Nurse-to-Patient Ratios and the Future of Health Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008. <mask>, <mask>, editor. When Chicken Soup Isn’t Enough: Stories of Nurses Standing Up for Themselves, Their Patients, and Their Profession. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010. Koppel, Ross and <mask>, editors. First Do Less Harm: Confronting the Inconvenient Problems of Patient Safety.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012. <mask>, <mask>, Mendenhall, Patrick, O’Connor, Bonnie Blair, with a foreword by Captain Chesley “Sully” Sullenberer. Beyond the Checklist: What Else Healthcare Can Learn from Aviation Safety and Teamwork. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012. <mask>, <mask>, Feldman, David L. Leonard, Michael. Editors, Collaborative Caring: Stories and Reflections on Teamwork in Health Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014

Board and committee memberships
 Editorial board member Nursing Inquiry
 Board Member Journal of Interprofessional Care
 Robert Wood Johnson Committee on the Nursing Shortage

References

1945 births
Living people
American women journalists
American women writers
21st-century American women

masks:
Suzanne Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Suzanne Gordon
. Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
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Suzanne
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title: Peter J. Ortiz

texts:
Pierre (<mask><mask> OBE (July 5, 1913 – May 16, 1988) was a United States Marine Corps colonel who received two Navy Crosses for extraordinary heroism as a major in World War II. He served in North Africa and Europe during the war, as a member of the French Foreign Legion, the U.S. Marines and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), operating behind enemy lines several times. <mask> also acted in Hollywood films after the war. He was one of very few U.S. Marines to serve in combat in Europe during World War II, and one of the most decorated Marine officers of the war. Early life
Although born in New York to an American mother of Swiss descent and a French-born Spanish father, <mask> was educated at the University of Grenoble in France. He spoke ten languages, including English, Spanish, French, Italian, German and Arabic. French Foreign Legion
On February 1, 1932, at the age of 19, <mask> joined the French Foreign Legion for five years' service in North Africa.He was sent to the Legion's training camp at Sidi Bel-Abbes in French Algeria. He later served in Morocco, where he was promoted to corporal in 1933 and sergeant in 1935. He was awarded the Croix de guerre twice during a campaign against the Riffian people. He also received the Médaille militaire. As an acting lieutenant, he was offered a commission as a second lieutenant if he re-enlisted. Instead, when his contract expired in 1937, he returned to the United States to serve as a technical adviser for war films in Hollywood. World War II
With the outbreak of World War II and the United States still neutral, <mask> re-enlisted in the French Foreign Legion in October 1939 as a sergeant, receiving a battlefield commission in May 1940.He was wounded while blowing up a fuel dump and captured by the Germans during the 1940 Battle of France. He escaped the following year via Lisbon and made his way to the United States. <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps on June 22, 1942. As a result of his training and experience, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant after only 40 days in service. He was promoted to captain on December 3. With his knowledge of the region, he was sent to Tangier, Morocco. He conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines in Tunisia for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).At the time, though most of Morocco was a French protectorate, Tangiers was a protectorate of neutral Spain. During a night mission, <mask>'s right hand was seriously wounded in an encounter with a German patrol and he was sent back to the United States to recover. In 1943, <mask> became a member of the OSS. On January 6, 1944, he was dropped by parachute into the Haute-Savoie region of German-occupied France as part of the three-man "Union" mission, with Colonel Pierre Fourcaud of the French secret service and Captain Thackwaite from the British Special Operations Executive, to evaluate the capabilities of the Resistance and train the Maquis du Vercors in the Alpine region. He drove four downed RAF pilots to the border of neutral Spain before leaving France with his team in late May. Promoted to major, <mask> parachuted back into France on August 1, 1944, this time as the commander of the "Union II" mission. He was captured by the Germans on August 16.In April 1945, he and three other prisoners of war escaped while being moved to another camp, but after ten days with little or no food, returned to their old camp after discovering that the prisoners had virtually taken control. On April 29, the camp was liberated. <mask> rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps Reserve. He was released from active duty in 1946 and returned to Hollywood. In April 1954, he volunteered to return to active duty to serve as a Marine observer in Indochina. The Marine Corps did not accept his request because "current military policies will not permit the assignment requested." On March 1, 1955, he retired from the Marine Corps and was promoted to the rank of colonel on the retirement list because he was decorated in combat.Colonel <mask> was awarded 24 medals in all from three countries. Navy Cross citations

ORTIZ, PIERRE (PETER) J. (First Award)
Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Place: Office of Strategic Services (London)
Date of Action: January 8–20, 1944
Citation:

ORTIZ, PIERRE (PETER) J. (Second Award)
Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Place: Office of Strategic Services (France)
Date of Action: August 1, 1944 – April 27, 1945
Citation:

Acting
Upon returning to civilian life, <mask> became an actor. He appeared in a number of films, several with director <mask>, including Rio Grande, in which he played "Captain St. <mask>". According to his son, Marine Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, <mask>., "My father was an awful actor but he had great fun appearing in movies". After serving as technical advisor in 13 Rue Madeleine (1947), he did so again in the film Operation Secret (1952), which was based on his World War II exploits.<mask> had no control over the script of the film, in which he was portrayed by Cornel Wilde, and "wasn't too happy with the result." He told columnist Bob Thomas that "they had stipulated that I was to help in the screenplay but never consulted me." <mask>'s acting career foundered during the 1950s, and in 1955 he advertised for work in movie trade publications. <mask> lived in a small tract house in Tarzana, California with his wife and 19-month-old son. He told Aline Mosby of United Press International that a movie producer had promised to promote his career when he appeared on the radio program This Is Your Life in 1951, but that promised opportunities in film had not materialized and that he had only obtained work as an extra. His ad said that he was "willing and able to do anything". Death
<mask> died of cancer on May 16, 1988, at the age of 74 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Plot: Section 59 Site 1269.He was survived by his wife <mask> and their son <mask><mask> <mask>. In August 1994, the village of Montgirod, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, renamed its town hall square the "Place du Colonel Peter <mask>". Military decorations
<mask> was the most highly decorated member of the OSS.

masks:
Peter
) Julien Ortiz
Ortiz
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John Ford
Jacques
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Ortiz


title: Kate Harvey

texts:
<mask> (13 November 1862 – 29 April 1946) was an English suffragist, physiotherapist, and charity worker. Profoundly deaf and widowed at a young age, she operated a home for women and children, and then later for disabled children. She participated in the Women's Tax Resistance League and was jailed for her refusal to pay tax if she were not allowed the right to vote. She was the first person imprisoned for failure to pay a tax under the Insurance Act. Early life
Felicia Catherine Glanvill was born on 13 November 1862 in Peckham, London. She married <mask> and had three daughters, before she was widowed. She operated a home in her residence in Bromley for disabled children and was an early practitioner of physical therapy, at a time when Victorian society frowned upon women working in medicine, especially in a field which used physical contact.Suffrage
<mask> joined the Women's Freedom League (WFL)’s Bromley branch and by 1910 was one of the leading members of the organization. She met and became close friends with Charlotte Despard, another widow involved in charitable works, who operated a home for the poor in Wandsworth. The exact nature of their relationship is unknown, but Despard recorded in her diary that "the anniversary of our love" began on 12 January 1912. <mask> organized the suffrage march which took place in June 1911 as part of the Women's Coronation Procession for George V. Despard, who was president of the WFL, led the suffrage march. As early as 1911 <mask>, who had become a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League, engaged in a protracted battle with the Kent County Council for refusal to pay a stamp tax to obtain a license for her gardener. The Vote, the press organ of the WFL gave constant coverage of the conflict over the next two years. After several months, a warrant was issued for <mask>'s arrest and she barricaded herself in her home.Refusing to pay taxes without having the ability to vote for her representation, after eight months, the barricade was broken and some of her property was seized in lieu of payment of the tax. A year later, having built stronger barricades and still refusing to pay, bailiffs broke through using a battering ram. <mask> was arrested and taken to the Bromley Police Court in August 1913, where she was ordered to pay fines under the Insurance Act. She refused to pay and was sentenced to serve two months in Holloway Prison. She was the first person sentenced under the Insurance Act, though two other suffragists had been imprisoned for failure to pay taxes in previous years for such things as dog licenses, carriage duties and inhabitant taxes. Protests to her arrest, attended by both men and women, cited the inequity of her fines being much higher than those imposed upon men for the same offence. After serving only one month of her sentence, <mask> was released because of concerns for her health.In November, authorities attempted to auction her belongings to pay her fines, but were forced to close the sale when no bids were made. She was awarded a medal from suffragists depicting the entry of Holloway Prison. During the war, most suffragists suspended the campaign for enfranchisement, but <mask> and Despard, continued to press for reform and were ardent pacifists, speaking against war. The pair attended the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Budapest and were interested in promoting the international feminist movement. Both were also involved in the Theosophy movement, believing that moral and spiritual development of the individual would result in societal change. <mask> was described as "intensely pious" and conducted religious instruction for the children in her care in a chapel she built in her home. In 1916, <mask> and Despard bought a large house together, along with two cottages and a wood shed on twelve acres of land in Upper Hartfield at the edge of the Ashdown Forest.Naming the facility "Kurundai", they created a thirty-one-bed hospital for women and children. Though initially Despard paid expenses for some of the hospital patients, in 1917, the Theosophical Society became involved and the home was renamed as the Brackenhill Theosophical Home School. It housed children from broken homes, illegitimate children, as well as those who were sick or disabled and was directed by <mask>. In 1920, the Theosophical Society withdrew their support and moved the Theosophical Home School to the Old Rectory in Letchworth but <mask> continued operating the facility at Kurundai. In 1921, <mask> and Despard split up after nine years together when Despard moved to Ireland. <mask> maintained sole ownership of the facility, but between 1923 and 1928 it was operated by the Invalid Children's Aid Association as a convalescent center for children who had rheumatic diseases and she moved to a house near the facility known as "Wroth Tyes". In 1928, <mask> took over management again and converted Kurundai to a boarding school, which she called Brackenhill Open Air Home School.An open-air, facility, she focused on vegetarianism and physical exercise, providing the children with a "natural" life where they slept in the open air in shuttered shelters. The sides of the roofed dwellings only were shuttered in extremely poor weather. She continued to live at Wroth Tyes with the headmistress of the school, Helen Smith. The two women operated the school until the advent of the Second World War, when the government repurposed the estate for the war effort. Death and legacy
<mask> died at Wroth Tyes, in Hartfield, East Sussex, England on 29 April 1946 and left the Brackenhill property to Smith. In 2005, <mask>'s suffragette medal was auctioned by Bonhams bringing £840 and renewed interest in the suffragette. Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

1870 births
1946 deaths
People from Peckham
British suffragists
Deaf people from England
English tax resisters
British social workers
People from Bromley
People from Hartfield

masks:
Kate Harvey
Frank Harvey
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title: Germaine Koh

texts:
<mask> (born 1967) is a Malaysian-born and Canadian conceptual artist based in Vancouver. Her works incorporate the artistic styles of neo-conceptual art, minimalism, and environmental art, and is concerned with the significance of everyday actions, familiar objects and common places. <mask> is an independent curator and partner in the independent record label weewerk. She also used to be an Assistant Curator of Contemporary Art at the National Gallery of Canada. Her exhibition history includes the BALTIC Centre (Newcastle), De Appel (Amsterdam), Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong), Frankfurter Kunstverein, Bloomberg SPACE (London), The Power Plant (Toronto), Seoul Museum of Art, Artspace (Sydney), The British Museum (London), the Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), Plug In ICA (Winnipeg), Art Gallery of Ontario (Toronto), and the Liverpool, Sydney and Montréal biennials. Early life and education
<mask> was born in George Town, Malaysia. She emigrated to Canada with her family at the age of two and was raised in Armstrong, British Columbia.Koh received her Bachelor of Fine Arts in Studio in 1989 and Theory and History of Art in 1990 at the University of Ottawa. She later obtained a Master of Fine Arts in 1993 from Hunter College in New York. Art career
Koh's work draws the use of everyday objects and familiar concepts in order to examine how people interact with those they encounter while moving through the world. For example, her piece "Call", is an old telephone in a public space. When the phone is picked up it randomly dials a number of a participant that has agreed to have conversations with strangers at any time of the day. There isn't a typical "Germaine Koh" piece - she utilizes many different materials for every piece she creates, yet each piece encompasses an ideology, perhaps best said by Koh herself in a Rhizome.org interview:

Artistic styles and works

Koh’s work encompasses the artistic styles of conceptual art, environmental art, and minimalism. In an on-going work titled Knitwork (1992-present), Koh unravels used garments and re-knits the materials into one larger and constantly evolving object.This piece demonstrates characteristics of environmental art through Koh’s use of recycled materials and the ways in which she turns used and discarded items into a working piece of art. In a similar artwork called Lumber (1991-1994, dispersed 2002), Koh makes use of flexible pieces of recuperated lumber glazed with oil and marine varnish to be installed alongside select architecture. Various projects by Koh are also collaborative or rely on the active participation of its audiences. One example of such works include an art gallery titled “ad hoc gallery” which was put on display in collaboration with Geoffrey Brown from 1993-1994. An example of one which incorporates its participants into the art piece itself is League, which began in 2012 and is categorized as a “participatory project.” Koh describes League as “an open group of people who gather regularly to play sports and games invented or conceived by members of the community… The project is founded in a belief in the value of emergent behaviour and the process of making sense of things.” Koh emphasizes games, sport, and play as forms of problem-solving which focus on the mental over the physical and the processes of learning, adapting, and evolution through iteration as central to the overall concept of the project. Koh combines both making use of discarded or found items and active participation in a project called Sightings (1992-1998), which involved the commercial printing and publishing of images found in public as postcards. These postcards closely interacted with the individuals they reached, drawing emphasis on the ideas of making art out of common everyday objects and experiences as well as recognizing the uniqueness of common places.Other projects
In addition to her artistic work, Koh is co-founder of the Toronto-based record label and artist-management company Weewerk. She is also an athlete. Koh played varsity volleyball and badminton at the University of Ottawa and is a former captain of roller derby team the Terminal City All-Stars. Her interest in the relationship between creativity and athleticism resulted in the creation of The Koh-Verchere Award for Athletic and Creative Excellence, an Emily Carr University of Art and Design student award, and the establishment of Vancouver's League. Koh was part of the design team for the No. 2 Road North Drainage Pump Station in Richmond B.C., which was awarded the Public Works Association of British Columbia 2018 Project of the Year award. In 2018, Koh became the first artist-in-residence in the City of Vancouver engineering department.Solo Exhibitions

Crowd Shyness, Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver, July 17 – August 16, 2020
Home Made Home, Evergreen Cultural Centre, September 14 - November 4, 2018
Home Made Home, Richmond Art Gallery, June 17 - August 26, 2018, Curated by Nan Caponga. Home Made Home, Kelowna Art Gallery, Kelowna BC, Curator: Liz Wylie. Angel Row Gallery, Knitwork, Sep-Nov 2005. PDF
Germaine Koh: Shell, Para/Site Art Space, Hong Kong, 2004
Germaine Koh: Opening Hours, McMaster Museum of Art, Hamilton, ON, 2002. <mask> <mask>, Catriona Jeffries Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Apr-Jun 2002. Knitwork, The British Museum, London, UK, Feb-Apr 2002. Performance/installation related to conference "From Material Things: art and artefact in the 21st century".Curator: James Putnam & Gabriela Salgado. <mask> <mask>: Around/About, Contemporary Art Gallery,  Germaine Koh, Vancouver, BC, May-Jul 2001. Curator: Keith Wallace. Solo Exhibition,  Watch, Toronto, ON, 5-7 Feb 2001. Curator: Barr Gilmore. Southern Alberta Art Gallery, Germaine Koh: Knitwork, 1997. Knitwork, 1996.Knitwork, 1995. Knitwork/Tricot-âge, Sep-Nov 1993. Group exhibitions

Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Parts, Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, September 8 - December 6, 2020. City of Vancouver Engineering Artist in Residence, 2018-2020. Split Between the I and the Gaze, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, August 24 - December 1, 2019. Public Volumes. Small Arms Inspection Building, Mississauga, 2019.Curator: Noa Bronstein. Kuenstlerhaus Palais Thurn & Taxis, Silvrett Atelier Montafon 2018. Bregenz AT, 2019. Afterlives, Or Gallery, November 25, 2017- February 3, 2018
 Persistence, Vancouver Art Gallery, June 24, 2017- October 1, 2017
This is it with it as it is, group exhibition at AHVA Gallery, November 23, 2016- January 14, 2017
(im)mobile exhibition, Haus für Kunst Uri, March 5 - May 15, 2016
(im)mobile, two-person show with Edith Flückiger, Dalhousie Art Gallery, Curator: Mireille Bourgeois & Chantal Molleur October 17- November 30, 2014
Les matins infidèles: l'art du protocole, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Curator: Bernard Larmarche November 2013- September 2014
Scotiabank Nuit Blanche" one A: 'Restaging the Encounter''', Curator: Candice Hopkins, City of Toronto, October 5, 2013There/Here: Germain Koh and Gordon Hicks, Surrey Art Gallery, Surrey, BC, 2011. Participants: with Gordon Hicks. Curator: Jordan Strom.Sorting Daemons: Art, Surveillance Regimes & Social Control, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, ON, Jan-Apr 2010. Participants: with Ian Verchere.Curator: Jan Allen & Sarah E.K. Smith.Luminato Festival of Arts + Creativity,  Luminato Festival 2009, Toronto, ON, Jun 2009.How Soon Is Now, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Feb-May 2009. Curator: Kathleen Ritter. Here Now or Nowhere, Prairie Art Gallery, Grande Prairie, AB, Jan 2009. Art in public places. Curator: Micah Lexier.Schematic: New Media Art from Canada, [space], London, UK, Nov-Dec 2008. Curator: Michelle Kasprzak, Gillian McIver & Heather Corcoran.All Together Now: Recent Toronto Art, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Nov 2008-Spring 2009.Installation of works from the permanent collection. Curator: Michelle JacqueUntethered, eyebeam, New York, Sep-Oct 2008. Curator: Sarah CookThis Particular Day of June, Or Gallery, Vancouver, BC, May-Jun 2008. Curator: Jonathan Middleton. On Being An Exhibition, Artists Space , New York, Oct-Dec 2007. Curator: Joseph del PescoIngenuity Festival,  Ingenuity Festival 2007, Cleveland, OH, 2007. Curator: Steve Dietz
f.city, Folly, Lancaster, UK, Sep-Oct 2006.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Mackenzie Art Gallery, Regina, SK, Jul-Sep 2006.Territory, Artspeak and Presentation House Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Jun-Aug 2006.Curator: Melanie O'Brian & Helga Pakasaar.Temporary Import / Vorübergehende Einfuhr, Art Forum Berlin, Berlin, Sep 2005.Curator: Susanne Titz.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art, Toronto, ON, Sep-Nov 20052004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria, BC, Jul-Aug 2005. L'envers des apparences, Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Summer 2005. Curator: Gilles Godmer.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Yukon Arts Centre, Whitehorse, YK, Mar-May 2005. 2004 Sobey Art Award, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Exhibition, Halifax, NS, Oct-Dec 2004.Sense, Edmonton Art Gallery (now Art Gallery of Alberta),  Edmonton, AB, Sep-Nov 2004. Curator: Catherine Crowston.Entre ciel et terre - Biennale nationale de sculpture contemporaine 2004, Galerie d'Art du Parc, Trois-Rivières, QC, Jun-Aug 2004. Curator: Gaston St-Pierre. Personal life
Koh has 25 years of leadership with non-profit organizations.She has been coaching roller derby since 2010. In 2015, Koh established the program for a new competitive team, the Terminal City B-Sides. She was the Chef de Mission of Team Canada Roller Derby from 2017-2018, where she was responsible for the team's strategic vision and organizational development. Koh has a multi-sport background which includes five years of experience playing for the varsity badminton team at the University of Ottawa. She also played roller derby for five years under the derby name "PLAYER 1" before captaining the Terminal City All-Stars. Legacy and influence
The project by Koh and Geoffrey Brown titled “ad hoc gallery” received a review from Gunter Nolte, Visual Arts Department Head at University of Ottawa, as he comments “They are making an enormous contribution to the community art scene. They are so committed they finance the gallery from their own jobs.” An aspect of the City of Vancouver’s engineering art residence is bringing the community together to determine what they would like to see happen for buildings, pipes, public spaces, and also demolitions.An example of this would be the “sewer time capsule” which was created on July 13th, 2019. This brought together members of the community to paint on a pipe that was then used as sewer upgrades in the area which would stay in use for the next hundred years. Koh herself said “The community can always feel like they had a little part to play in the infrastructure that lies below their street, and it’s a concrete connection with sewer works that also serves to demystify infrastructure.”

 Awards
In 2004, Koh was a finalist for the Sobey Art Award and in 2010 she won a VIVA Award in recognition of her outstanding achievement as a mid-career artist in British Columbia. Publications Germaine <mask> (2001), <mask> <mask> and Keith Wallace, Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver, BC). Germaine Koh/Stall (2004), Germaine Koh, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong).Overflow: <mask> <mask> (2007), Germaine <mask>, Centre A - Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (Vancouver, BC). Opening hours: Germaine <mask>'' (2002) Steven Reinke and Rosemary Heather, McMaster Museum of Art (Hamilton). References

Further reading

External links

Canadian conceptual artists
Women conceptual artists
1967 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian women artists

masks:
Germaine Koh
Koh
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Germaine
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