title: Jacquelyn Grant

texts:
<mask> (born 1948) is an American theologian and Methodist minister who is one of the founding developers of womanist theology. Womanist theology addresses theology from the viewpoint of Black women, reflecting on both their perspectives and experience in regards to faith and moral standards. She is currently the Callaway Professor of Systematic Theology at the Interdenominational Theological Center in Atlanta. <mask> has written the book White Women's Christ and Black Women's Jesus (1989). Biography
<mask> was born December 19, 1948, in Georgetown, South Carolina. She always had an interest in religion, attending Catholic school at a young age, and graduating from the local Howard High School in 1966. A graduate of Bennett College and Turner Theological Seminary, she became the first black woman to earn a doctoral degree in systematic theology at Union Theological Seminary.There she created the thesis The development and limitations of feminist Christology : toward an engagement of white women's and black women's religious experiences under the tutelage of James H. Cone, who is known as the father of black theology. In 1977, <mask> became involved with Harvard Divinity School's Women's Research Program and with her involvement, it led to the creation of the Women's Studies in Religion Program in which she remained for two years. <mask> led efforts to join women in the fight for equality:

In 1981, she founded the Center for Black Women in Church and Society at the Interdenominational Theological Center in Atlanta in 1981, where she holds the title of Professor. She has been assistant minister at Flipper Temple African Methodist Episcopal Church from 1980 to 1982, and later the Victory African Methodist Episcopal Church in Atlanta. She is now the Callaway Professor of Systematic Theology at the Interdenominational Theological Union in Atlanta. She is widowed to the pastor John Collier Jr. and now resides in Atlanta. Achievements and contributions
<mask> is considered to be a Community Mother well known for her commitment to building stronger communities and churches.This is illustrated in <mask>'s founding of the Center for Black Women in Church and Society at the Interdenominational Theological Center (Atlanta, GA) in 1981. Through her Black Women in Ministerial Leadership Program, <mask> continues to serve as director and professor mentoring numerous black women. Through her wisdom, women of color are learning to harness their collective wisdom to build stronger families, communities, and churches that will influence future generations. <mask> was featured as a contributor in the 1983 April issue of Ebony magazine to the article "School of Religion for Men Behind Bars" and to the article "Gifts of the Spirit" in the 1992 December issue. <mask> was the recipient of the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Ministry Award in 1986 and has been nominated as the Woman of the Year in Religion by the Iota Phi Lambda sorority. She has appeared in the Who's Who Among African Americans. <mask> currently has a research project that examines African-American understanding of the divine through black theology and black art.As a womanist theologian
Theologian <mask> <mask>'s scholarship "distinguishes between the remote and heavenly Christ worshipped in mainline white churches and the immanent and intimate Jesus whom black women recognize as their friend". <mask> illuminates how many black women share a commitment in using their faith to avoid construction of stereotypes. <mask> also examines how black women are the vast majority of active participants in their churches and that their work tends to be undervalued. The professor and former pastor argues that women serving as activists for the black church are sometimes put into institutional categories for their political expression by the black church itself. <mask> expounds on this and similar notions in her writings. She explains while it may sound like a compliment that black women are called the "backbone" of the church, in fact the author chides  "the telling portion of the word backbone is 'back'. It has become apparent to me that most of the ministers who use this term have reference to location rather than function.What they really mean is that women are in the 'background' and should be kept there." <mask> represents the first generation of womanist theologians. She differs from forerunners such as James H. Cone, whose work was seen as male-centered and devoid of sources that gave voice to the experiences of black women. <mask> highlights this critique of Cone's work by pointing out that "Black women have been invisible in theology including black theology and feminist theology". <mask> also notably argues that the oppression of black women is different then that of black men. She also advances the idea that black women are more oppressed and ultimately need more liberation than white women and black men. <mask> and Cone's work served as foundational for scholar Delores S. Williams to respond to and expand upon.Williams produced a commonly -referenced definition of womanist theology. Williams concluded that

Book reception
<mask> <mask> is widely regarded as an important "womanist theologian". Her book White Women's Christ and Black Women's Jesus: Feminist Christology and Womanist Response was a best seller. The text is described as laying out the complex relationship between Christology and feminism. In it, <mask> explores the central idea by giving voice to women other than those of European descent and putting them squarely into the equation. Through outliningthese  relationships, <mask> examines the intersecting concepts of Christology and womanist theology. As a result of exploring the two concepts together, <mask>s helps address the historical and modern-day experiences of black women.<mask>'s work in White Women's Christ and Black Women's Jesus: Feminist Christology and Womanist Response conveyed the "tri-dimensional reality render[ing Black women's] situation a complex one. One could say that not only are they the oppressed of the oppressed, but their situation represents the 'particular within the particular,'" as author Joan M. Martin points out in The Notion of Difference for Emerging Women Ethics. By exploring the relationship between black women and Jesus as a "divine co-sufferer", <mask>'s contribution to womanist theology provides meaningful examples and a theoretical framework to fuel conversation and research on an assortment of topics dealing with black women's experiences. Publications
White Women's Christ and Black Women's Jesus: Feminist Christology and Womanist Response (Atlanta, Ga.: Scholars Press, 1989. American Academy of Religion academy series). (co-ed. with  Randall C. Bailey) The Recovery of Black Presence: An Interdisciplinary Exploration : Essays in Honor of Dr. Charles B. Copher.Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1995. Perspectives on Womanist Theology. Atlanta: ITC Press, 1995. "Black women and the church" in Hull, Gloria T., Patricia Bell-Scott, and Barbara Smith (eds), All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, but Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies. Old Westbury, N.Y.: Feminist Press, 1982. "The challenge of the darker sister" in Soskice, Janet Martin, and Diana Lipton. Feminism and Theology.''New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. References

External links

1948 births
20th-century African-American writers
20th-century American theologians
20th-century American women writers
20th-century Methodist ministers
20th-century Protestant theologians
21st-century African-American people
21st-century American theologians
21st-century American women writers
21st-century Methodist ministers
21st-century Protestant theologians
Academics from Georgia (U.S. state)
Academics from South Carolina
African Americans in Georgia (U.S. state)
African Americans in South Carolina
African Methodist Episcopal Church clergy
African-American Methodist clergy
African-American theologians
American women academics
American Christian theologians
Bennett College alumni
Christians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Christians from South Carolina
Interdenominational Theological Center alumni
Interdenominational Theological Center faculty
Living people
Methodist theologians
People from Georgetown, South Carolina
Clergy from Atlanta
Religious leaders from South Carolina
Systematic theologians
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
Womanist theologians
Women Christian theologians
Writers from Atlanta
20th-century African-American women
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Jacquelyn Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Jacquelyn
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
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Jacquelyn
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Grant


title: Ben Blackwell

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Born <mask> on June 12, 1982) is the creator and director of Cass Records, one of two drummers in the Detroit-based rock band the Dirtbombs, a music writer, and a vinyl record collector. He's a co-founder and minority owner at Third Man Records and the official archivist of the White Stripes. Early life
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan on June 12, 1982 to Maureen Gillis and <mask>. He is the nephew of Jack White, whose birth name is John Gillis. He attended Wayne State University for three years, with a concentration in journalism, before withdrawing. Recording career

The Dirtbombs
Blackwell debuted live with the Dirtbombs on December 18, 1999 when he was only 17 years old. According to <mask>, Mick Collins (from the Dirtbombs) called Jack White and let him know they were looking for a drummer; White put his nephew on the phone.<mask> has since become one of the longest-serving members of the band, having played on four studio albums and having toured extensively all over the world. Cass records

Beginning in 2003 with money given to him by his mother, <mask> has put out over 50 releases on his Cass Records imprint. Instead of signing artists, he makes one-time deals to release their songs as singles. His label received some fame with the release of the song "Who's to Say..." from the country-rock band Blanche. Through his label he has also released records from such artists as The Mooney Suzuki, The Waxwings, The Trachtenburg Family Slide Show Players, The Sights, The Muldoons, Kelley Stoltz, Dan Sartain, Turbo Fruits, Cheap Time, The Go, the Black Lips and many others. In 2007, <mask> was selected by Crain's Detroit Business magazine as one of their "Twenty in Their 20s", a yearly designation given to twenty emerging entrepreneurs in southeastern Michigan. <mask> was selected because of his work with his Cass Records label and was recognized for his commitment to the 7-inch vinyl format.Solo career
In November 2010, <mask> self-released his debut solo album "I Remember When All This Was Trees" on his Cass Records imprint. <mask> wrote, recorded and performed all the music on the album. In March 2011 <mask> participated in Esquire magazine's annual songwriting challenge along with Dierks <mask>, Dhani Harrison, Raphael Saadiq and <mask>. Each performer was asked to write a song using the lyric "Last night in Detroit" and <mask>'s song "Bury My Body at Elmwood" is based around Elmwood Cemetery on the east side of Detroit. Writing

<mask> has written content for many magazines including Creem Magazine Online, Careless Talk Costs Lives, the Metro Times, Chunklet Magazine, Ugly Things, Arthur, Plan B and others. <mask> has also contributed work to the following books:

The White Stripes and the Sound of Mutant Blues by Everett True
The Art of the Band T-Shirt by Amber Easby
The Stooges: The Authorized and Illustrated Story by Robert Matheu
Re-Entry: The Orbit Magazine Anthology by Rob St. Mary
Heaven Was Detroit: From Jazz to Hip Hop and Beyond edited by M.L. Liebler
Total Chaos: The Story of the Stooges / As Told By Iggy Pop by Jeff Gold
RESPECT: The Poetry of Detroit Music by M.L.Liebler and Jim Daniels

<mask> won Rolling Stone magazine's 2004 College Journalism Award in the field of entertainment for two tour diaries he wrote for Wayne State University's The South End paper in March 2003. In November 2006 <mask> started his own blog titled Tremble Under Boom Lights named after an EP by the band Jonathan Fire*Eater. <mask>'s poem The World's Most Important Swimmers was selected by members of the Guerilla Poetics Project to be printed as a letterpressed broadside for the November 2008 installment of their program. Since 2007 <mask> has been a frequent contributor to Bagazine, a Mail Art "magazine in a bag" that focuses on "assemblage, handwork and print making, photography, painting, chapbooks, graphic design, typography, letterpress, Visual Poetry and the unusual." In March 2010 an anonymous guerilla stickering campaign was started in Detroit asking "Where is <mask>?" Bumper stickers with this message can still be found in the Midtown neighborhood. On March 1, 2014, <mask> gave a lecture at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston titled "A Contemporary Record of Rock 'n' Roll" covering topics ranging from vinyl records, archiving, musical archeology and his personal experiences relating to them.Work with The White Stripes
From the beginning of the Stripes' existence, <mask> worked as the band's roadie and wrote much of the group's website content. Although he is not an accredited professional archivist, he is the "White Stripes' official archivist". He wrote the liner notes to Under Blackpool Lights. He also appears in The White Stripes' feature-length documentary Under Great White Northern Lights, conducting the interview that is interlaced throughout the film. Currently, <mask> oversees vinyl record production at Jack White's Third Man Records in Nashville, Tennessee where his official job title "Pinball Wizard and Director of Operations." He is involved in the program School Choirs & Bands at Third Man: A Vinyl Recording Experience, and initiative which, according to the website, offers "students behind-the-scenes access to Jack White’s Third Man Records in Nashville, TN, as well as the chance to record their own " 45rpm vinyl records." Discography

With the Dirtbombs

Albums

Compilations

7" singles
Headlights on 7" (Solid Sex Lovie Doll Records, 2000)
Brucia I Cavi 7" (Hate Records, 2000)
Ode to a Black Man 7" (Sweet Nothing, 2001)
Australian Sing A Long with the Dirtbomb Singers 7" (Zerox Records, 2002)
Pray For Pills 7" (Corduroy Records, 2002)
Motor City Baby 7" (Sweet Nothing, 2003)
Earthquake Heart 7" (Velvet Tiger, 2004)
Merit 7" (Kapow Records, 2004)
Crashdown Day 7" (Corduroy Records, 2004)
Tanzen Gehn' 7" (Soundflat Records, 2005)
Brand New Game 7" (Munster Records, 2005)
Oh Katrina 7" (Noiseless/Live From Detroit, 2007)
Rocket USA 7" (Infirmary Phonographic, 2008)
Need You Tonight 7" (Stained Circles, 2008)
The Dirtbombs...Play Sparks 7" (In The Red Records, 2008)
Race to the Bottom 12" (Cass Records, 2009)
Kick Me 7" (Cass Records, 2010)

Dirtbombs split recordings with other artists
 "King's Led Hat", with The Gories (Fortune Teller Records, 2004)
 "Lost Love", with ADULT. (Cass Records/Ersatz Audio, 2004)
 "Billiards at Nine-Thirty", with King Khan and the Shrines (Sounds of Subterrania, 2004)
 "No Expectations", with The Love Supremes (Norton Records, 2005)
 "Missionary Man", with The Black Lips (Cass Records, 2006)
 "Kung Fu", with the Voltaire Brothers and Pitch Black City (Mahogani Music, 2007)
 "Politicians in My Eyes", with Kelley Stoltz (Cass Records, 2008)
 "Politicians in My Eyes", with The Terrible Twos and Dan Sartain (Cass Records, 2008)
 "Secret Code", with Davila 666 (Scion Audio Visual, 2010)
 "If Can Can Can't We? ", with Fucked Up (Bruise Cruise Records/453 Music, 2012)

Solo discography

Collaborations

References

Footnotes

Sources

External links
Cass Records, official website of the label
Dirtbombs.net, official site of the band
Official <mask>, official Instagram account

Living people
Musicians from Detroit
American drummers
1982 births
Wayne State University alumni
21st-century American drummers

masks:
Ben Blackwell
Benjamin Jesse Blackwell
Ben Blackwell
Morris Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Bentley
Brendan Benson
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
Blackwell
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Blackwell
Ben Blackwell
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Ben Blackwell


title: Patrick Mullins

texts:
<mask> (born February 5, 1992) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a forward. Born in New Orleans, Mullins played for the Baton Rouge Capitals while in high school, then committed to play collegiately at the University of Maryland. He was a two-time Hermann Trophy winner while with the Terrapins and played for the New Orleans Jesters in the collegiate offseason. The New England Revolution selected Mullins in the first round of the 2014 MLS SuperDraft; he helped the club reach MLS Cup 2014 in his rookie season. He then joined New York City FC through the 2014 MLS Expansion Draft, before being traded to D.C. United midway through the 2016 Major League Soccer season. Mullins scored a career-high 13 goals in parts of three seasons with D.C., but was then traded midway through the 2018 Major League Soccer season, this time to Columbus Crew SC. He was on the move again a year later, being traded to Toronto FC after scoring just one goal for the Crew.Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. He and his family lost their home after Hurricane Katrina hit the city in 2005, forcing them to take refuge in Brookhaven, Mississippi and Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He returned to New Orleans for high school, attending Jesuit High School and playing soccer for the Blue Jays for three years. Mullins won two state titles with Jesuit, was named all-LHSAA twice, and was the Louisiana Player of the Year as a junior. Mullins played club soccer for Chicago Fire Juniors, and its predecessor clubs, from 1997 to 2010. He won four state championships and participated in a camp with the United States U17s in 2008. He was recognized as the no.31 recruit in the nation by TopDrawerSoccer.com and committed to play collegiately for coach Sasho Cirovski and the Maryland Terrapins, part of a recruiting class that also included Marquez Fernandez and Sunny Jane. Baton Rouge Capitals
While still in high school, Mullins appeared for Baton Rouge Capitals during the 2007 PDL season. He played in five matches for the Premier Development League (PDL) expansion club, scoring one goal on five shots. College and amateur
On March 2, 2010, it was announced that Mullins had officially signed to play college soccer at the University of Maryland; he had already graduated high school early and enrolled at Maryland for the spring semester. He made his collegiate debut on September 10, coming off the bench as the Terrapins drew 1–1 with Boston College. Four days later, Mullins scored his first collegiate goal in a 3–0 victory over Loyola. He also scored on his NCAA Tournament debut, tallying the final goal of a 4–0 victory against Penn in the second round.<mask> finished the season with five goals from 21 appearances and was named as the Atlantic Coast Conference Men's Soccer Freshman of the Year. As a sophomore, Mullins converted from winger to striker and went on to start all 21 matches for the Terrapins. He scored in the season-opener against St. John's, scored four times in a three-match stretch in early September, and notched five goals in the season's first eight matches. He finished the season with six goals and three assists and was named second team All-Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), one of six Terrapins to be named to an all-conference team. Mullins stepped into a starring role as a junior, appearing 24 times and helping the Terrapins qualify for the College Cup for the first time since 2008. His first goal of the season came three matches in, as part of a 6–0 defeat of California; he wouldn't go more than two games between goals for the remainder of the season. Notably, Mullins tallied a brace in victories against Georgia State on September 24 and Lehigh on October 23.He also scored in a 2–2 draw with Clemson on October 27 that clinched the ACC regular season title for the Terrapins. Mullins scored six postseason goals, two in the ACC Tournament and four in the NCAA Tournament, as Maryland made a run to the 2012 College Cup. Although Mullins scored and converted his penalty kick in the national semifinals against Georgetown, the Terrapins were eliminated at that round. Mullins finished the season with 17 goals and 10 assists. He was named MVP of the ACC Tournament, first team All-ACC, and as the ACC Offensive Player of the Year. On January 11, 2013, he was named as the recipient of the Hermann Trophy as the top collegiate soccer player in the country. Despite rumors that he would sign a Generation Adidas contract and enter the 2013 MLS SuperDraft, Mullins decided to stay at Maryland for his senior season.He scored the first goal of the season for the Terrapins, part of a 3–3 draw with Stanford on August 30. Mullins notched two goals in a game five times, notably in a victory over fourth-ranked Clemson in mid-September. Although he didn't score in the ACC Tournament, he provided an assist against Clemson in the semifinals and was named as the tournament MVP for the second consecutive year. He also was named first team All-ACC, alongside fellow Terrapin Dan Metzger. In the 2013 College Cup, Mullins scored five goals as the Terrapins made a run to the national championship game. Although he scored the opening goal against Notre Dame, the Fighting Irish won the title with a 2–1 victory. He finished the season with 19 goals and eight assists from 26 appearances.On January 10, 2014, Mullins won his second consecutive Hermann Trophy, making him the fourth male in NCAA history to win the award in back-to-back seasons. He concluded his collegiate career with 47 goals from 92 appearances with the Terrapins. New Orleans Jesters
Following his freshman season at Maryland, Mullins returned to the PDL and to his home state of Louisiana by joining New Orleans Jesters. In the 2011 season, he appeared in nine matches for the club, tallying five goals and two assists. Those statistics included a brace in a 2–1 victory over Mississippi Brilla on June 8 and the game-winner in a 2–1 victory over his former club, Baton Rouge Capitals, on June 26. <mask> rejoined New Orleans after his sophomore collegiate season and became a regular starter in 2012. Although the club again failed to qualify for the playoffs or the U.S. Open Cup, he tallied seven goals in 12 appearances.Mullins found success against the Texas-based clubs in the Mid South Division, with his tally including goals that June against Texas Dutch Lions and Austin Aztex. As the Jesters moved to the National Premier Soccer League in 2013, Mullins returned for his third and final season with the club. He scored in the Jesters' first NPSL game, a 3–1 victory against Mississippi Storm on May 21. Mullins added a goal against Knoxville Force in late June, ending his three seasons in New Orleans as one of the leading scorers in Jesters history. Club career

New England Revolution
Mullins was selected 11th overall in the 2014 MLS SuperDraft by New England Revolution. He was one of two Maryland products selected in the first round, alongside Schillo Tshuma. Mullins made his professional debut in the season opener, starting on the right wing against Houston Dynamo.He would be replaced at halftime by Jerry Bengtson, however, as New England fell to a 4–0 defeat. <mask> would not see the field for the next seven matches, but was reinstated to the starting lineup for a trip to Toronto FC on May 3. He scored his first professional goal in that match, helping the Revolution to a 2–1 victory, and kicked off a streak of four goals in four consecutive matches. He would score just once more over the course of the season, however, coming  on June 19 in a victory over Richmond Kickers in the U.S. Open Cup. Against LA Galaxy in MLS Cup 2014, <mask> started on the bench before replacing Charlie Davies in the 72nd minute. Seven minutes after coming on, he provided an assist on the match-tying goal by Chris Tierney, although the Revolution would go on to lose 2–1 after extra time. <mask> finished his first professional season with five goals in 26 total appearances.New York City FC
On December 10, 2014, <mask> was selected in the 2014 MLS Expansion Draft by New York City FC. He was the fourth pick of the draft and one of two Revolution players to be selected, alongside Tony Taylor. Mullins was an unused substitute in the club's inaugural match, but made his debut for NYCFC in their home opener against his former club, New England. After entering as a substitute in the 84th minute, it took less than a minute for Mullins to slot home his first goal for the club, helping NYCFC pick up a 2–0 victory. He found the back of the net five more times during the regular season, including the final goal of a 4–4 draw with Toronto FC on July 12. Although Mullins scored in consecutive games in mid-September, NYCFC finished their inaugural season 12 points outside of the playoffs; Mullins ended the year with six goals from 25 appearances. Following the 2015 season, Mullins was one of 10 New York City FC players who had their contract options exercised by the club, sealing his return to the Bronx for a second campaign.However, Mullins fell out of favor in 2016, starting just twice through the middle of July. After only eight appearances on the season, including one in the U.S. Open Cup, he was traded to D.C. United on July 20. Mullins departed NYCFC with 33 appearances and six goals across parts of two seasons. D.C. United
<mask> was traded to D.C. United on July 20, 2016 in exchange for general and targeted allocation money and an international roster slot. Three days after the trade, he made his debut for the capital club, coming on as a 58th-minute substitute in a 4–1 defeat against Toronto FC. Mullins was handed his first D.C. start against Montreal Impact on July 31 and promptly scored his first goal for the club: his header, off an assist from collegiate teammate Taylor Kemp, helped D.C. earn a 1–1 draw. Mullins would finish the season on a tear, with eight goals in 15 appearances following the trade.That tally included his first career hat trick, part of a 6–2 victory over Chicago Fire on August 27. Following the season, he was signed to a contract extension by the club; although exact terms were not disclosed, it was confirmed to be a multi-year extension. Although D.C. United was expecting Mullins to continue his form from the end of 2016, much of his 2017 season was lost to injury. He missed more than a month at the start of the year due to a pulled hamstring, underwent surgery for a torn meniscus in early June, and didn't return to full fitness until mid-August. Mullins appeared just nine times from March through July, but then appeared in all but one match for the remainder of the season. On September 23, at home against San Jose Earthquakes, Mullins set an MLS record: he scored four goals in the second half of D.C.'s 4–0 victory, the first time a player had scored four times in a half in league history. Additionally, the 31-minute span was the quickest four-goal tally in league history.After adding a goal four days later against New York Red Bulls, Mullins finished the season with five goals from 20 appearances. Ahead of the 2018 season, D.C. United acquired Darren Mattocks to push Mullins for the starting striker spot. Mattocks would eventually win the role, relegating Mullins to the bench to begin the year. He appeared 11 times for D.C. through the end of June, but nine of those appearances came off the bench and he was unable to find the back of the net. When Wayne Rooney signed for D.C. United on June 28, Mullins became surplus to requirements. He was traded to Columbus Crew SC on July 11, ending his tenure in D.C. with 13 goals from 46 appearances. Columbus Crew SC
On July 11, 2018, <mask> was traded to Columbus Crew SC in exchange for $150,000 in targeted allocation money.He made his debut for the club ten days later, playing 22 minutes off the bench in Crew SC's 3–2 victory over Orlando City. On July 28, as Columbus defeated New York Red Bulls by a 3–2 scoreline, Mullins marked a pair of firsts: his first start for Crew SC as well as his first goal for the club. He appeared eleven more times for Columbus in 2018, including three appearances during the club's playoff run. He didn't score in any of those matches, however, and finished his first half-season in central Ohio with one goal from 13 appearances. <mask> remained as the Crew's backup striker headed into the 2019 season, remaining behind Gyasi Zardes on the depth chart. He started in just two matches, once in March and once in June, with both appearances coming while Zardes was on international duty. After appearing 11 times without scoring a goal, Mullins was traded to Toronto FC on July 11.He finished his stint in Columbus with one goal and one assist from 24 appearances in all competitions. Toronto FC
Exactly one year after being acquired by the Crew, <mask> was traded to Toronto FC in exchange for forward Jordan Hamilton, $50,000 in targeted allocation money, and a 2019 International Roster Spot. Mullins made his club debut on July 20, starting and playing 45 minutes in a 3–1 defeat against Houston Dynamo. He attempted two shots before being replaced by Jozy Altidore. On August 10, <mask> scored his first goal for Toronto, helping the Reds to a 1–1 draw against Orlando City. He went on to appear in both legs of the 2019 Canadian Championship Final and appeared three times in the playoffs as Toronto made a run to MLS Cup 2019, although he was an unused substitute in the final. Mullins made 15 appearances and scored three goals in all competitions and had his contract option picked up by the club following the season.In his second season in Toronto, Mullins appeared off the bench in each of the club's first two games before the season was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He played just one time at the MLS is Back Tournament, but scored against his former club, New York City FC, in the round of 16. Although he missed two weeks in September with a hamstring strain, Mullins added a goal and an assist through the rest of the season. He finished the year with two goals and one assist from 18 appearances in all competitions, helping Toronto qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs and the 2020 Canadian Championship final. After a difficult 2021 season, where he failed to score a single goal in league play, Mullins had his contract option declined by Toronto. Personal life
Mullins' brother, Andrew, was the 2007 Louisiana Player of the Year at Jesuit and won two state titles with the Blue Jays; both were marks that <mask> matched two years later. The brothers, along with their father Walter, split their loyalties: <mask> is a Chelsea supporter, while Andrew supports Manchester United and Walter is a fan of Liverpool.<mask> graduated from Maryland with a double major in communications and American studies. While in school, he authored "Mullins' Musings", a blog focused on "soccer, team building and leadership". He is friends with Justin Portillo, a fellow New Orleans native and professional soccer player.

masks:
Patrick Michael Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Mullins
Patrick
Patrick
Mullins


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts:
<mask> (January 15, 1864 – May 16, 1952) was an early American photographer and photojournalist whose career lasted for almost half a century. She is most known for her portraits, images of southern architecture, and various photographic series featuring African Americans and Native Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. Early and family life
The only surviving child of wealthy and well-connected parents who became established in Washington, D.C., <mask> was born in Grafton, West Virginia. Her mother <mask> was from Rochester, New York, and could trace her ancestry to Revolutionary War patriot Isaac Clark. She married <mask>, of Maysville, Kentucky, whose father, Dr. <mask>, had been born in Virginia and practiced for decades across from Cincinnati, Ohio. Although his father owned an 11-year-old Black boy in the 1850 census, <mask> sympathized with the Union, and Grafton was a key depot on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as well as Union pay and supply depot during the American Civil War. Her mother <mask> survived her husband by nearly two decades.She started in journalism as a special correspondent on Congress and was recognized as one of the first women to write on national affairs. She also worked as a drama critic under the byline "Ione" for the Baltimore Sun. Her parents moved to the national capital shortly after the Civil War, when she was an infant, possibly in part because they lost three infants during the war years. Her father began his more than three-decade long federal government career as an assistant bookkeeper in the Treasury Department. The younger <mask> <mask> was raised in Washington, D.C., and educated privately. She graduated in 1883 from Notre Dame of Maryland Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies (it developed later into a college and as Notre Dame of Maryland University). Afterward she studied art at the Académie Julian in Paris and the Washington Art Students League.Career
<mask> began writing articles for periodicals before finding her creative outlet through photography. She was given her first camera by entrepreneur George Eastman, a close friend of the family, and inventor of the new, lighter, Eastman Kodak cameras and film process. She received training in photography and dark-room techniques from Thomas Smillie, director of photography at the Smithsonian. She took portraits of friends, family, and local figures before working as a freelance photographer and touring Europe in the 1890s. There she used her connection to Smillie to visit prominent photographers and gather items for the museum's collections. She gained further practical experience in her craft by working for the newly formed Eastman Kodak company in Washington, D.C., forwarding film for development and advising customers when cameras needed repairs. In 1894 she opened her own photographic studio in Washington, D.C., on V Street between 13th and 14th streets, and at the time was the only woman photographer in the city.She took portraits of many famous contemporaries, including suffragette Susan B. Anthony, writer Mark Twain and Booker T. Washington, principal of the Tuskegee Institute. Well connected among elite society, she was commissioned by magazines to do "celebrity" portraits, such as Alice Roosevelt's wedding portrait. She was dubbed the "Photographer to the American court." She photographed Admiral Dewey on the deck of the USS Olympia, the children of President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt playing with their pet pony at the White House, and the gardens of Edith Wharton's famous villa near Paris. Having grown up in a family that traveled in elite circles of the capital, <mask> built on her connections and familiarity with the Washington political scene: she was appointed as official White House photographer for the Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley, "TR" Roosevelt, and Taft presidential administrations. <mask> also photographed Natalie Barney in Paris, who was a famous American heiress and literary salon socialite. Perhaps her most famous work, shown here, is her self-portrait as the liberated "New Woman", with petticoats showing and a beer stein in hand.<mask> advocated for the role of women in the burgeoning art of photography. The Ladies' Home Journal published <mask>'s article in 1897 of "What a Woman Can Do With a Camera". With Zaida Ben-Yusuf, <mask> co-curated an exhibition of photographs by twenty-eight women photographers at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. It afterward traveled to Saint Petersburg and Moscow in the Russian Empire, and to Washington, DC. She traveled widely in her thirties, taking a wide range of documentary and artistic photographs of coal miners, iron workers, women working in New England's textile mills, and sailors being tattooed on board ship, as well as her society commissions. While in England she photographed the stage actress Mary Anderson, who was a friend of her mother. In 1899, <mask> was commissioned by Hollis Burke Frissell to photograph the buildings and students of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia in order to show its success.This commission added to her reputation.<ref>Laura Wexler, "Black and White and Color: American Photographs at the Turn of the Century," in Prospects: An Annual of the American Cultural Studies' 13 (1988): 343.</ref> This series, documenting the ordinary life of the school, is considered among her most telling work. It was displayed at The Exhibit of American Negroes of the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. Her photographs of the Hampton Institute were utilized in Robert Wilson's production of August Strindberg's A Dream Play. She photographed events such as world's fairs and peace-treaty signings. <mask> took the last portrait of President William McKinley, at the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 just before he was assassinated there. With her partner, Mattie Edwards Hewitt, a successful freelance home and garden photographer in her own right, <mask> opened a studio in New York in 1913. Her mother and aunt moved into her new apartment.Hewitt wrote <mask> love letters over the course of their relationship, which are chronicled in The Woman Behind the Lens: The Life and Work of <mask> <mask>, 1864–1952. Many of the early letters focused on Hewitt's admiration for <mask>'s work, but as their romance progressed, they increasingly expressed her love:  "...when I need you or you need me — [we] must hold each other all the closer and with your hand in mine, holding it tight..."

<mask> lectured at New York University on business for women. The pair of women produced a series of studies of New York architecture through the 1920s. In early 1920 her mother died in New York. In the 1920s, <mask> became increasingly interested in photographing architecture. As New York changed under pressure of development, she wanted to document buildings and gardens that were falling into disrepair or were about to be redeveloped and lost. As her focus in architecture grew, she became interested in documenting the architecture of the American South.<mask> was interested in preserving the everyday history of the American South through her art; she accomplished this by photographing barns, inns, and other ordinary structures. She was not interested in photographing the grand homes and plantations of the South, but rather the quickly deteriorating structures in these communities that portrayed the daily life of common southerners. Her photographs remain an important resource for modern architects, historians and conservationists. In 1928 she exhibited a series of 247 photographs of Fredericksburg, Virginia, ranging from the decaying mansions of the rich to the shacks of the poor. The exhibition was entitled Pictorial Survey—Old Fredericksburg, Virginia—Old Falmouth and Nearby Places and described as "A Series of Photographic Studies of the Architecture of the Region Dating by Tradition from Colonial Times to Circa 1830", and as "An Historical Record and to Preserve Something of the Atmosphere of An Old Virginia Town." As a result of this exhibit, the University of Virginia hired her to document its buildings, and the state of North Carolina commissioned her to record its architectural history. Louisiana hired <mask> to document its huge inventory of rapidly deteriorating plantations.She was given a grant in 1933 by the Carnegie Corporation of New York to document Virginia's early architecture. This led to a series of grants and photographs in eight other southern states; copies of all of her photographs from these projects were given to the Library of Congress for public use. In December 1935, <mask> began a year long project to capture historic structures of the Colonial Era in Virginia. This was intended to be a one-year project, but it developed into an eight-year extensive project. She traveled 50,000 miles and surveyed 95 counties in Virginia. Final years, death and legacy
<mask> was named an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects for her work in preserving old and endangered buildings. Her collections have been purchased by institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the Baltimore Museum of Art.Although her relentless traveling was curtailed by gasoline rationing in the Second World War, the tireless <mask> continued to photograph. She bought a house in the French Quarter of New Orleans in 1940, and retired there in 1945. She died in New Orleans in 1952 at the age of eighty-eight. Gallery

 References

 Further reading
 Daniel, Pete & Smock, Raymond (1974). A Talent for Detail: The Photographs of Miss <mask> <mask> 1889–1910. Harmony Books, New York. Frady, Kelsey T. "<mask> <mask>: Imaging the New Woman through Photography."M.A. thesis (University of Alabama, 2012). Berch, Bettina (2000). The Woman Behind the Lens: <mask> <mask>, 1864–1952. University of Virginia Press. Robinson, Edward (2006). <mask> <mask>: The Early Years, 1889–1904.Ph.D., University of Oxford, Pembroke College. External links

 The Hampton Album at MoMA
 A Gift From George Eastman, detailed biography with photographs
 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog Includes a brief biography and links to many images
 Clio's Frances Benjamin Johnston Online Exhibit Detailed text and images paint a portrait of <mask>'s life. Maria Auscherman. "<mask> <mask>'s Legacy in Black and White." CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship'' 4, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 29–49. Museum of Modern Art Online Catalog Detailed biography with link to her photographs in the collection
 Anne E. Peterson research material about <mask> <mask> at The Historic New Orleans Collection

American photojournalists
1864 births
1952 deaths
American women photographers
American women journalists
Photographers from West Virginia
Artists from Washington, D.C.
Artists from West Virginia
Alumni of the Académie Julian
People from Grafton, West Virginia
19th-century American photographers
20th-century American photographers
19th-century American women artists
20th-century American women artists
19th-century women photographers
20th-century women photographers

masks:
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Frances Antoinette Benjamin
Anderson Doniphan Johnston
William Bryant Johnston
Anderson Johnston
Frances Antoinette Benjamin Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston


title: Edwin Conant

texts:
<mask> (August 20, 1810- March 2, 1891) was born in Sterling, Massachusetts. He was a businessman, lawyer and philanthropist who grew up in Sterling, Massachusetts and later Worcester, Massachusetts. His name is associated with gifts he gave to the Town of Sterling and Harvard University; the Conant Public Library in Sterling, Massachusetts as a memorial for his daughter Elizabeth and Harvard's Conant Hall. He was a member of the famous Harvard Class of '29. Early life
He was the son of <mask> and Relief Burpee <mask>, daughter of Moses Burpee and Elizabeth Kendall Burpee. Father, Jacob was a businessman, farmer and Justice of the Peace representing Sterling, Massachusetts. Jacob provided <mask> with all the advantages of his wealth and stature.<mask> lost his mother December 26, 1814 when he was four-years old. He lost his sister Elizabeth in 1816 when he was six. Conant attended public school in Sterling, Massachusetts until he was 12 and transferred to Leicester Academy in preparation for college. Harvard University
In 1826, at the age of 16 he entered Harvard and graduated among the top of his class in 1829. He was one of the "Class of 1829", made famous by Oliver Wendell Holmes. During Commencement exercises at Harvard in 1829 he participated in a conference on "Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History, considered in relation to the Tendency of each to improve and elevate the Intellectual Faculty". Teaching in Sterling
Conant taught in Sterling, Massachusetts at the Chocksett Hill School for two winter sessions  during his tenure at Harvard and was asked to address the graduating class on February 24, 1829 at the close of winter studies.He referred to himself as "Old Master" in his written address. At the age of 19, he wrote:

"This place has been to you the scene of many wayward frolic, of many a childish gam bob. You have here laughed and sported together year after year, caring only for the present, thoughtful of tomorrow and seemingly unconscious that you are never to be troubled with my cares beyond those of the present hour. I knew no other condition, I doubted not that the world was all friendly. But when I was torn from the companions of my childhood, and removed to a distance from kindred and home, and placed among strangers, I found, to my sad disappointment, that I was of little consequence to the world around me, and that none but myself cared for my comfort and welfare. Then it was that I learned to value the joys, and thousand social endearments of home. Then it was, that I learned duly to estimate the consolation which springs from the mature sympathy of school-fellows.Then, and not till then, did I know what it was to want a friend to smooth down the bed of sickness…  For it is a law of nature, that we know not the worth of our enjoyments, until the time arrives when they are to be interrupted. Then, and not till then, do we feel the wants of them…   I want you to reflect upon the many happy hours you have here enjoyed, that you may, in after years, when surrounded, perhaps with disease, and danger, and death, receive comfort and consolation by the retrospection. It will be so delightful, yet so deeply affecting, when old age is upon you, to tell over the scenes and the frolics of your school-boy days! I have been acquainted with many village schools, but none did I ever witness so much mutual good will, so great manifestations of true and sincere friendship, as I have witnessed in this. You have always seemed to me, to constitute one great Family; and I have often thought you are indeed a band of Brothers and Sisters! For my own part, having spent two winters with you, I am, and shall always be ready to bear testimony to your depth of sympathy and kindly feeling as friends, and your faithfulness and diligence as scholars. During the last winter, my attention was so strongly attracted by these qualities, and by the kindness with which I was uniformly treated, that I formed an attachment to you, which not ever time, but death alone can sever… And am I no more to have my ears greeted with the endearing title of Master?- a title which has always suggested to my mind, so many pleasing emotions! … Be assured, I shall not forget you." Law School
After being graduated from Harvard, Conant studied law with Rejoice Newton (1782-1868) and William Lincoln (1801-1843), author of History of Worcester, Massachusetts From Its Earliest Settlement to September 1836 and at the Harvard Law School in Cambridge. Independence Day Oration
On Independence Day, July 4, 1832, at the 51st anniversary of the Town of Sterling, <mask> addressed the Towns-people with an oration. He spoke:“...In the upright and honest discharge of public and private duty within our narrow spheres of action, let us do what we can to avert it. And if the cloud which some have been farsighted, or imaginative enough to believe is gathering over our heads, shall indeed burst in wrath upon us, let us not, like recreant sons of worthier sires, shrink from any exertion which liberty and country may demand at our hands. But may heaven grant, that that demand may never be made, that successive years may but harden and cement the temple which has been reared to freedom, that here the dominion of error may be constantly narrowed and the empire of light and truth extended, that the fair model we hold up for the world to admire and imitate may ever be kept in the freshness of original beauty, that so the consummation  of mans highest earthly reign of equal laws and the rightful elevation of moral excellence.”

Attorney
He returned to reside in Sterling briefly on September 19, 1832, and opened his law office.He was also appointed to the Division of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as Quarter Master by Levi Lincoln, the Governor of Massachusetts, an involvement he would honor for many years. During this period, his Father Jacob was serving in various official posts in Sterling government, which he did the last thirty years of his life. In 1833, <mask> was promoted to Major with the Division of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts by Governor Levi Lincoln. <mask> took little time to establish himself in the Town and County and moved his residence and practice to Worcester in 1833. He purchased the estate of his former friend and Sterling resident, Isaac Goodwin, on Lincoln Street and later moved to a mansion at the corner of Harvard and State Street. After his death, the mansion was donated to the Natural History Society in 1891 (The Natural History Society changed its name to the Worcester Science Museum in 1960 and eventually the EcoTarium in 1998). He was asked in November 1835 to deliver the dedicatory address for the dedication of the Town Hall (1835 Town Hall) which had just been completed.In 1842, as part of a Board of Trustees, <mask> was appointed to the Board of the Worcester State Lunatic Hospital  by Governor John Davis. The hospital was 10 years old. Marriage and family
Maria Estabrook (daughter of Joseph and Ruth Estabrook of Royalston, became <mask>'s first wife in 1833. They had two children, Elizabeth Ann <mask> in 1835 and Helen Maria <mask> in 1837. On December 24, 1837, his youngest daughter Helen died 7 months after she was born. <mask>'s Father Jacob, then Treasurer for the Town of Sterling, also died in 1837. Maria, <mask>'s wife, was the next to perish.She died at the age of 35 on August 22, 1848, two days after <mask>'s 38th Birthday. <mask> married again on January 29, 1850. His second wife, Elizabeth S. Wheeler was the daughter of a Unitarian Reverend Joseph Wheeler Jr. of Harvard. They were married for 29 years losing her in 1879. After his second wife died, <mask> was left with only one immediate family member, his daughter Elizabeth Ann. She took over the caring of the household and lived with her father all of her life. Elizabeth Ann <mask>
Elizabeth Ann <mask> died on December 4, 1883 at the age of 48.Worcester Spy reported “A light has gone out in many hearts with the death of Miss Conant, and some of us, even outside her home, cannot but feel that life is less worth living in her absence… In her was found a rare union of common and uncommon sense, of judgment in practical affairs, and thoughtful interest in the intellectual and spiritual questions which concern us all most deeply, of constant, untiring devotion to home duties, and earnest activity in helping the needy abroad, of a warm heart and quick sympathies, with a clear, penetrating, and cultivated intellect. To all these were added vivacity and courage, with a vein of fun also, which made her society a delight.”

Conant Public Library
After Elizabeth's death, <mask>t donated a 100-acre parcel of land he owned in Holden to the inhabitants of Sterling, the proceeds of which were to be used to begin erecting a memorial building in his daughter's name. When all was said and done, <mask> donated more than $6,000 to construct the Conant Public Library. The memorial address, by E. H. Hall ends with; “Why may we not hope that her pure presence will always be felt within the walls which to-day we dedicate, and touch with finer influence all that goes forth from them on errands of enlightenment and cheer?”

There are numerous letters of sympathy in <mask>'s files. Received between Elizabeth's death in 1883 and the dedication of the Library in 1886. Pictures of Elizabeth along with the Memorial booklet were mailed to friends of Conant. These letters were treasured to the end of his life.After 1883, <mask> was ill for many years. The death of his daughter, the last member of his immediate family did much to bring about his decline in health. He continued to live in his mansion on State Street in Worcester. At his side all these later years was his nurse, Henry K. Cady, who was also at his side at his funeral. <mask> died on March 2, 1891. He had been the oldest living member of the Worcester County Bar. His modest funeral was attended by noted Worcester businessman and politicians as well as a contingency from Sterling including Osgood, Bartlett, Heywood, Kendall, Fitch, Wilder, Brown and Houghton (the Sterling attendees were 1/2 hour late due to a train delay).At a special session of the superior court of Worcester, in his memory, Attorney H.E. Hill, Col. Williams and A.P. Rugg held a memorial service. Judge Emory Aldrich said, “He was a man of rare qualities of mind… There is no man in the city that I know who is possessed of so many noble qualities and of so much wealth, who was little known in the community at large, as was Mr. Conant. He was highly spoken of by his neighbor. I regarded my acquaintance with him as an honor… His rare intelligence, cultivated mind and dignified manner marked him. He was one of the most self-contained men I ever met.”

The retelling of his time with us would not be complete without the words of Oliver Wendell Holmes who wrote “A Story of Twenty Nine”.The concluding verses were:
As nearer still and nearer
The Fatal stars appear,
The living shall be dearer
With each encircling year
Till a few old men shall say,
“We remember ‘tis the day -
Let it pass with a glass
For the Class of ‘29”

As one by one is falling
Beneath the leaves of snows,
Each memory still recalling,
The broken ring shall close,
Till the night winds softly pass
O’er the green and growing grass,
Where it waves on the graves
Of the Boys of ‘29

References

1810 births
1891 deaths
People from Sterling, Massachusetts
Harvard Law School alumni

masks:
Edwin Conant
Jacob Conant
Conant
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin Conant
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Conant
Conant
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Conant
Conant
Edwin Conan
Edwin
Edwin Conant
Edwin Conant
Edwin Conant


title: M. C. Chagla

texts:
<mask> (30 September 1900 – 9 February 1981) was an Indian jurist, diplomat, and Cabinet Minister who served as Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court from 1947 to 1958. Early life and education
Born on 30 September 1900 in Bombay to a well-off Gujarati Ismaili Khoja family, <mask> suffered a lonely childhood owing to his mother's death in 1905. His childhood was spent in their family mansion in near Nagdevi Street and Janjiker Lane, Khokha Bazar in Pydhonie. He later bought a mansion in Malabar Hill in 1934. He was educated at St. Xavier's High School and College in Bombay, after which he went on to study Modern History at Lincoln College, Oxford from 1918–21, taking a BA in 1921 and MA in 1925. In 1922, he was admitted to the Bar of the Bombay High Court, where he worked with such illuminaries as Sir Jamshedji Kanga and <mask>, who would one day become the founder of Pakistan. Career
Initially, like many nationalists, <mask> idolized Jinnah due to his then nationalistic views and held membership in the Muslim League.He worked under Jinnah in Bombay for seven years, often, as he recounts in his autobiography in a state of penury. However, he severed all ties to Jinnah after Jinnah began to work for the cause of a separate Muslim state. <mask>, along with others, then founded the Muslim Nationalist Party in Bombay, a party which was ignored and pushed aside in the independence struggle. He was appointed as Professor of law to Government Law College, Bombay in 1927, where he worked with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He was appointed as a judge to Bombay High Court in 1941, becoming Chief Justice in 1948 and serving in that capacity to 1958. All through, he continued to write and speak strongly for the Indian freedom cause and against the communal two nation ideology.In 1946, <mask> was part of the first Indian delegation to the UN. From 4 October to 10 December 1956, <mask> served as Acting Governor of the then state of Bombay, later broken up into the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Following his tenure as Chief Justice, he served as the one-man commission that examined the Finance Minister of India, T. T. Krishnamachari, over the controversial Haridas <mask>ndhra LIC insurance scandal, which forced Krishnamachari's resignation as Finance Minister. Krishnamachari was quite close to Nehru, who became intensely angry at <mask>la for his revelations of TTK's part in the affair, though he later forgave <mask>la. From September 1957 to 1959, <mask> served as ad hoc judge to the International Court of Justice at The Hague. After retirement he served as Indian ambassador to the US from 1958 to 1961. <mask> then served as Indian High Commissioner in the UK from April 1962 to September 1963.Immediately on his return, he was asked to be a Cabinet Minister, which he accepted, and he served as Education Minister from 1963 to 1966, then served as the Minister for External Affairs of India from November 1966 to September 1967, after which he left government service. He then spent the remaining years of his life actively, continuing to practice law into his seventies. As Minister of Education under Jawaharlal Nehru, <mask>la was distraught by the quality of education in government schools:
Our Constitution fathers did not intend that we just set up hovels, put students there, give untrained teachers, give them bad textbooks, no playgrounds, and say, we have complied with Article 45 and primary education is expanding... They meant that real education should be given to our children between the ages of 6 and 14

Personal life and family
In 1930, <mask> married <mask> Dharsi Jivraj, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged in the usual Indian way by their families. Their marriage was harmonious and conventional. The couple were blessed with four children, being two sons, Jehangir (b. 1934) and Iqbal (b.1939) and two daughters, Husnara (b. 1932) and Nuru (b. 193x). Their son Iqbal <mask> became a lawyer; with his wife Roshan, he has a daughter (<mask><mask>'s granddaughter) Rohiqa, who is the wife of <mask>, the former chairman of Tata Sons in the period 2014–2016. Iqbal's son Riaz (b. c. 1970) was himself appointed a judge of the Bombay High Court in July 2017. <mask>'s younger daughter, Nuru, married Subbaram Swaminathan, a south Indian Hindu gentleman, son of politician Ammu Swaminathan and brother of captain Lakshmi Swaminathan and <mask> Sarabhai.<mask> Dharsi Jivraj died in November 1961. <mask> survived her by nineteen years, dying in February 1981. Last years and death

In 1973, <mask> published his autobiography, Roses in December, with the help of his son Iqbal. He vehemently protested against the Indian Emergency. He died on 9 February 1981, at the age of 80 of heart failure. He had been unwell for several years, and had suffered four heart attacks. True to his active and energetic nature, he had not let his health slow him down.On the day of his death, he went as usual to his club in Bombay and had a good time with his friends. He then slipped away to the dressing room and there, peacefully died. According to his wish, he was cremated instead of having a traditional Muslim burial. The Bombay High Court was closed to show respect for him, and several speeches were made in his memory, including one by former Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 1985, a statue of <mask> was unveiled and placed within the High Court itself, appropriately outside the Chief Justice's Court where once he served. The inscription on the statue plinth reads:

"A great judge, a great citizen, and, above all, a great human being." Further facts

Though born a Muslim, <mask>la was more of an agnostic.The surname "<mask>gla" was not his original surname. In <mask>'s autobiography, he recounted that in his youth, he was known as "Merchant" as  both his father and grandfather were merchants. Hating the name due to its associations with money, he went to his grandfather one day and asked him as to what he should call himself. His grandfather promptly replied "<mask>gla" as his father, <mask>la's great-grandfather, had had <mask>gla as his pet name, which in the Kutchi language means "favourite". <mask>gla promptly adopted the new surname. References

Further reading
Roses In December, an autobiography, M.C. Chagla, Tenth Edition, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2000,

External links

M C <mask>gla

1900 births
1981 deaths
Politicians from Mumbai
20th-century Indian judges
Indian barristers
Indian diplomats
Indian Ismailis
Chagla
Judges of the Bombay High Court
Ambassadors of India to the United States
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra
Ministers for External Affairs of India
Education Ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India
Leaders of the Rajya Sabha
Chief Justices of the Bombay High Court
All India Muslim League members
Indian Shia Muslims
Gujarati people
20th-century Indian lawyers
20th-century Indian politicians

masks:
Mohammadali Carim Chagla
Chagla
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Chagla
Chagla
Chagla
Chagla
Mu
Chag
Chag
Chagla
Chagla
Chag
Chagla
Mehrunissa
Chagla
M C
. Chagla
Cyrus Mistry
Chagla
Mrinalini
Mehrunissa
Chagla
Chagla
Chala
Chag
Cha
Chagla
Cha
Chag
Cha
Cha
Cha


title: Emma Ahuena Taylor

texts:
<mask> (November 13, 1867 – November 8, 1937) was a part-Native Hawaiian high chiefess during the 20th century. She was a cultural historian, a genealogist, and a repository of Hawaiian culture and history who wrote many articles and recollections about the past and influenced her husband, <mask>, the author of the historical book Under Hawaiian Skies. She was involved in local philanthropic, historical, and civic groups and participated in the women's suffrage movement in the Territory of Hawaii, campaigning for the rights of local women to vote prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Early life and family
<mask> was born on November 13, 1867, although her gravestone says she was born in 1866. She was the eldest daughter and second child of American pharmacist Benoni Richmond Davison—who became the superintendent of the United States Marine Hospital in Honolulu—and British-Hawaiian chiefess Mary Jane Kekulani Fayerweather. On her mother's side, she was a great-granddaughter of the British Captain George Charles Beckley and Ahia, a distant relation of the reigning House of Kamehameha. Davison's siblings included William Compton Malulani, Rose Compton, Henry Fayerweather, and Marie Hope Kekulani.Her father died in 1875 and her mother later married photographer A. A. Montano in 1877. Davison attended St. Andrew's Priory School in Honolulu, where she was taught by the sisterhoods of the Anglican Church of Hawaii established by King Kamehameha IV and Queen <mask>. She later transferred to Fort Street School and became a playmate of Princess Kaʻiulani, the niece of King Kalākaua. Beginning in 1890, after finishing her education, she worked as a schoolteacher with her sister Rose at the government school in the Mānoa Valley. She married Albert Pierce <mask> on November 5, 1902, at her mother's Mānoa residence, becoming <mask>'s second wife. <mask>, originally from the United States, settled in Hawaii and worked for The Pacific Commercial Advertiser and later became the librarian for the Archives of Hawaii.He was also a writer of Hawaiian history whose most notable work is Under Hawaiian Skies. They had no children. Literary career
<mask> <mask> was an authority on Hawaiian history, genealogy, and language. With her mother, she planned and directed many historical pageants. Her husband's later works were greatly influenced by <mask> and her mother. In the 1920s, <mask> received a government appointment to the Hawaiian Historical and Hawaiian Folklore Commissions. The trustees of Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools consulted her and other Hawaiian scholars in the translation of Samuel Kamakau's seminal work Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii into English.<mask> and her husband became officers in the Hawaiian Historical Society. In September 1930, she wrote a paper and used it to address the society's annual meeting about the history and origin of the former Royal Tombs at Pohukaina. Located in the grounds of ʻIolani Palace, the site was abandoned when the bodies of the Hawaiian royal family were moved to the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla during the reign of Kamehameha V, leaving behind many remains of the chiefs. Because of its importance <mask> argued; "...the site of the old royal tomb should be held in veneration, and that the historic mound should be cleared and exposed to public view, surrounded by an imposing guard fence, and an appropriate tablet set up to tell passersby its profound royal history". Following this meeting, the society submitted a resolution asking Governor Walter F. Frear to put a protective fence and plaque around the sacred site, which was done on October 17, 1930. Her other scholarly publications include; "Vengeance of Pele" (1930), the "Legend of Puahuula" (1930), and "Poki — Guardian Dog of Moanalua" (1935), all of which were written for Paradise of the Pacific magazine. The most notable characteristics of <mask>'s writings were its personal touches and romantic depictions of the past, containing many vivid accounts drawn from her own life.In 1935, she wrote a series of eight weekly installments titled "Personal Recollections", in which she recounts life in Hawaii from her childhood in the 1870s until 1934, for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Eleanor H. Williamson notes:

Community involvement
In 1912, she became a supporter of the women's suffrage movement. Native Hawaiian women of high societal rank like <mask> were key early campaigners for this cause. In 1917, she attended a party hosted by <mask> to honor a visiting suffragist from the mainland United States, Almira Hollander Pitman, the wife of <mask>'s cousin Benjamin F. Pitman. The presence of <mask> and other upper-class Honolulu suffragists—including Wilhelmine Widemann Dowsett, president of the National Women's Equal Suffrage Association of Hawaii—and subsequent meetings with the club prompted Pitman to write to her political connections in the mainland, which helped push a bill authorizing the Territory of Hawaii with the power to legislate on the issue of women's suffrage through Congress. In 1919, a local bill to enfranchise the women of Hawaii was planned but it never passed because the following year Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, granting all women in the United States the right to vote. During World War I, <mask> and her friend Emilie Widemann Macfarlane organized knitting units on behalf of Native Hawaiian soldiers.On September 23, 1921, <mask> wrote an article published in the Honolulu Advertiser that argued for Hawaii's recognition in a proposed Hall of Remembrance to be erected by the Woman's National Foundation in Washington, DC, honoring women from each of the then-forty-eight states. Speaking on behalf of the women of Hawaii, she advocated for Hawaii's spot in the proposed memorial, suggesting "a pillar of laval stone chiselled from the laval flows of Kilauea, be placed within this Hall of Remembrance to symbolize Hawaii" and for the recognition of the early pioneering American missionary wives, Queen Kaʻahumanu and High Chiefess Kapiʻolani. The pillar representing Hawaii was never erected. <mask> also supported many local organizations and was the premier of Māmakakaua (the Daughters and Sons of Hawaiian Warriors), a group composed of the descendants of the high chiefs (aliʻi) from the deposed monarchy. The group hosted pageants celebrating the history and traditions of Hawaii. Other organizations she became involved include the League of Women Voters, The Outdoor Circle, and the Native Daughters of Hawaii—which she helped organized. She was also elected the first female vice-president of the Manoa Percent Republican Club.In later life, <mask> befriended writer Beatrice Ayer Patton—the wife of General George S. Patton—who wrote The Blood of the Shark: A Romance of Early Hawaii, which was published in 1936 and loosely influenced by the exploits of <mask>'s Hawaiian and British ancestors. Death
Richard Weinberg described her in a 1936 interview about the art and craft of Ancient Hawaii in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin: "Mrs. <mask> <mask> impresses one as a person who has carried a strikingly handsome, youthful appearance into maturity. Although her hair is gray and her old fashioned, black holoku sweeps the floor, her limpid brown eyes retain all the charm and fire of youth. Her carefully modulated voice recalls a day when conversation was not an neglected art." <mask> died on November 7, 1937, and was buried next to her husband at the Oahu Cemetery. Her private notes, diaries, letters, and manuscript drafts, and those of her mother Mary Jane Montano, are now in the Hawaii State Archives. References

Bibliography

1867 births
1937 deaths
People from Honolulu
Hawaii suffragists
Native Hawaiian writers
Hawaiian Kingdom people of English descent
Hawaiian nobility
Historians of Hawaii
Burials at Oahu Cemetery
Educators from Hawaii
American women educators
American people of British descent
Hawaii Republicans

masks:
Emma Ahuena Davison Taylor
Albert Pierce Taylor
Emma Ahuena Davison
Emma
Taylor
Taylor
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Emma Ahuena
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Emma Nakuina
Taylor
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Emma Ahuena
Taylor
Taylor


title: Filipp Malyavin

texts:
<mask> () (October 22, 1869, Kazanka (Julian calendar: October 10) – December 23, 1940, Nice, France) was a Russian painter and draftsman. Trained in icon-painting as well as having studied under the great Russian realist painter Ilya Repin, <mask> is unusual among the Russian artists of the time for having a peasant background. It is possibly due to this that his paintings often depict peasant life, and his most famous work, Whirlwind, shows peasant women dancing. Biography
<mask> was born in the large village of Kazanka (Samara Governorate, now Totsky District, Orenburg Oblast), into a poor peasant family with many children. Even as a child, he was drawn towards art, drawing and creating clay figurines of birds and animals from the age of five. The village was visited by traveling monks, who would bring with them icons from Mount Athos, in Greece. Fascinated by the icons, Malyavin convinced his parents to allow him to go to Athos to study icon-painting.At the age of sixteen, he traveled to Greece with a monk from Athos, his journey financed by the villagers themselves. Although the monasteries at Athos were famed for their vast collections of Greek manuscripts and books, the art of icon painting was not actually practiced there. <mask> was disappointed to learn that they only made copies of Russian icons. Having used up his money and thus unable to return to Russia, <mask> entered the monastery as a novice, and was charged with painting icons and murals. This continued until 1891, when <mask> met Vladimir Beklemishev, a Russian sculptor and professor at the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts who was on a visit to Athos. Beklemishev was greatly impressed by <mask>'s work and invited him to Petersburg. In March 1892, <mask> arrived in St. Petersburg and, with Beklemishev's help, was enrolled in the Academy of Arts.Due to the Academy reforms of 1894, <mask> was able to choose his own teacher after completing the Academy curriculum. His options included such great artists as Vladimir Makovsky and Arkhip Kuindzhi. However, Malyavin applied for, and was accepted into, the studio of Russian realist Ilya Repin, who among others, also taught Igor Grabar, Konstantin Somov, Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, and Boris Kustodiev. It was here, in Repin's studio, that <mask> began creating some of his most famous early works, including Peasant Girl Knitting a Stocking (1895), which is the first of his paintings in which he introduces his favorite color, red. Three of these early works, all depicting peasant women, were exhibited at the Moscow Art Lovers' Society Salon. Two of these were bought by Pavel Tretyakov for the Tretyakov Gallery. <mask> also began to perfect his style of portraiture, creating another series of paintings depicting his fellow-artists from Repin's studio.Among the best of these is that of Konstantin Somov, who would later found the World of Art group. <mask>'s fame spread quickly, and it was not long before society grandees such as Baroness Wolf and Mme. Popova began coming to him to have their portraits painted. From 1895 to 1899, <mask> painted frenetically. In 1897, he was awarded the status of Artist, but only after much debate, and for his series of portraits rather than his competition painting, Laughter, which depicted Russian women in red dresses in a green meadow. His work was too different, too bright, and it had no plot - it did not fit the contemporary art scene at the time. Thus, in 1900, Malyavin traveled to Paris, and took France by storm.French newspapers hailed him as "a credit to Russian painting," and Laughter was awarded a gold medal and bought by the Museo d'arte moderno in Venice. His work was suddenly in demand, with the Luxembourg Museum in Paris buying Three Women. On returning to Russia, <mask> married Natalia Novaak-Sarich, the daughter of a rich industrialist from Odessa and a private student at the Higher Art School. They settled in a village near Ryazan, and <mask> devoted himself entirely to his art. His work began appearing in the salons of the World of Art group, and the Union of Russian Artists. Malyavin reached his peak between 1905 and 1907, during Russia's revolutionary crisis. Unlike other painters, at this time he focused on his "peasant" canvases.These paintings are unusual in terms of their use of bright colors and their large scales, which mark them more than their usually generic titles. In 1906, Malyavin painted Whirlwind, his greatest painting, and the Assembly of the Academy of Arts awarded him the rank of "Academician," "in consideration of his fame in the field of art." Between 1908 and 1910, Malyavin did not display any work, and the official art critics began attacking him more and more frequently. He traveled to Paris, and on his return, painted a large family portrait, which he exhibited in January 1911, at the salon of the Union of Russian Artists. The painting was a failure, and between 1911 and 1915, Malyavin exhibited only the works of the earlier period. In 1918, Malyavin moved with his family to Ryazan, where he participated in the Ryazan Commissariat for Education's propaganda of art and taught. In 1920, he went to Moscow, where he was admitted to the Kremlin and made drawings for Lenin's portrait.He also painted a portrait of Anatoly Lunacharsky, and his works were displayed in Moscow exhibitions. In fall of 1922, <mask> traveled abroad with his family yet again, to organize a traveling exhibition of his works. The family settled in Paris, where he painted portraits on commission and where his work was exhibited in 1924. In 1933, he toured Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, England, and Sweden, exhibiting his work, and in 1935 and 1937, he exhibited his work in London, Stockholm, and Nice. <mask> died on December 23, 1940, in Nice. He is noted for changing the portrayal of peasants in Russian painting and for his brilliant use of color. References

Literature

External links

ArtNet Biography
Philip Maliavin
Philip Malyavin

1869 births
1940 deaths
People from Totsky District
People from Samara Governorate
19th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
20th-century Russian painters
Draughtsmen

masks:
Filipp Andreevich Malyavin
Malyavin
Filipp Malyavin
Malyavin
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title: Mahmood (singer)

texts:
Alessandro Mahmoud (, ; born 12 September 1992), known professionally as <mask>, is an Italian singer-songwriter of Italian and Egyptian origin. He rose to prominence after competing on the sixth season of the Italian version of The X Factor. In 2019, <mask> won the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Soldi", and went onto represent  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, finishing in second place. His debut album, Gioventù bruciata, was released in February 2019 and reached number one on the Italian albums chart. He won the Sanremo Music Festival 2022 once again, alongside Blanco with the song "Brividi", and will represent  again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin. Early life
Born in Milan to an Egyptian father and a Sardinian mother from Orosei, he was raised around Gratosoglio, a district of Milan. When he was five years old, his parents divorced and he was subsequently raised by his mother.Career

2012–2018: X Factor and beginnings
In 2012, <mask> auditioned for the sixth season of the Italian version of The X Factor. He became part of the boys category mentored by Simona Ventura. He was originally eliminated at Judges Houses, then returned as a wildcard, before eventually being eliminated in the third episode. After this experience, he worked in a bar and attended a music school, studying piano, solfeggio and music theory, where he also started writing songs. In 2013, he released his debut single "Fallin' Rain". In 2016, <mask> Fibra's single "Luna". In September 2018, he released his debut extended play, Gioventù bruciata. In November 2018, Marco Mengoni released his fifth album, Atlantico, which features three tracks co-written by <mask>, including the single "Hola (I Say)". 2018–2020: Gioventù bruciata, Sanremo and Eurovision

In December 2018, <mask> was one of 24 acts selected to compete in Sanremo Giovani, a televised competition aimed at selecting two newcomers as contestants of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival. <mask> was placed first in the second episode of the show, with his entry "Gioventù bruciata", also receiving the Critics' Award among acts performing in the second final. "Soldi" was later announced as his entry for the Sanremo Music Festival 2019. <mask> performed the song for the first time during the first live show of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival, which was held on 5 February 2019.Dario "Dardust" Faini, co-writer of the song, directed the Sanremo Orchestra during his performance. During the third live show, "Soldi" was the first performance of the night. On 8 February 2019, <mask> performed the song in a new version, featuring rapper Gué Pequeno. During the first round of the final, "Soldi" placed 7th in the televote, but was the most voted by the experts jury, and the second most voted by the press jury. As a result, <mask> gained a spot in the top three acts of the competition and after an additional performance, the song was declared the winner of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival. <mask> also received the "Enzo Jannacci" Award for Best Performance. and the "Premio Baglioni d'oro" award for best song voted by the participating artists.On 22 February 2019, <mask> reissued Gioventù bruciata as a full-length studio album, which topped the Italian albums chart. In April 2019, <mask> was featured on the single "Calipso" by Charlie Charles and Dardust, which topped the Italian singles chart. In May 2019, he represented Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel. He performed "Soldi" in the grand final of the contest on 18 May, placing second in the final ranking. The song topped the charts in Greece, Israel, Italy and Lithuania and reached the top 10 in five more countries, eventually becoming the most-streamed Eurovision song ever on Spotify, a record held until late January 2021 when it was surpassed by the 2019 Eurovision winner, "Arcade" by Duncan Laurence. In Israel in 2019, Mahmood performed together with Israeli singer Eden Ben-Zaken and the two even planned to record a duet together, which ended up being cancelled due to the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. Mahmood performed at the closing ceremony of the 2019 Summer Universiade in Naples with three of his songs "Soldi", "Gioventù bruciata" and "Anni 90".2020–present: Ghettolimpo, return to Sanremo and to Eurovision
On 11 June 2021, <mask> released his second studio album, Ghettolimpo. The album's release was preceded by five singles: "Rapide", "Dorado" (in collaboration with fellow Italian rapper Sfera Ebbasta and Colombian singer Feid), "Inuyasha", "Zero" (also included in the soundtrack of the 2021 Netflix series of the same name) and "Klan". <mask> made his return to Sanremo in 2022 alongside Blanco with the song "Brividi", with which they won and will thus represent  at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin. On 19th February 2022, in the Billboard 200 leaderboard, the song "Brividi" placed 15th. Public image
<mask> is a portmanteau of Alessandro's surname Mahmoud and the English expression "my mood". Despite his father's origins, <mask> does not speak Arabic but is fluent in Sardinian. Following his Sanremo win, then Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini, who is known for his anti-immigrant views, criticized him for winning over Ultimo who received the highest number of public votes.<mask> has an aversion to being categorized by his nationality or sexuality. He has stated that "declaring 'I'm gay' leads nowhere" and "If we continue with these distinctions, homosexuality will never be perceived as a normal thing, which it is". According to Italian press, while he has refused to answer the question of whether he's gay, he has stated that he's "happy and taken. "<ref></</ref>

He considers himself Christian and, more specifically, Catholic. In 2019, he was named to the Italian Forbes 30 Under 30, a list showcasing entrepreneurs, entertainers and celebrities who have made a name for themselves before reaching the age of 30. Artistry
<mask> has described his music as Moroccan pop. According to him "what sets me apart are the Middle Eastern sounds that emerge here and there"."Soldi", which is an autobiographic song about his "unconventional family", includes a sentence in Arabic. One of his earliest musical memories is listening to Arabic music with his father, before he left the family. Growing up he also listened to Italian artists like Lucio Battisti, Lucio Dalla and Paolo Conte. He considers himself very linked to Sardinia's culture and folklore, which often acts as a source of inspiration for the composition of his songs. <mask> has cited American singer Frank Ocean as his biggest influence: "[His music] is very free and in which everyone can identify themselves, gay or straight, because the essential is the person and the energy that he transmits and not the sexual orientation". His other favorite artists include  Beyoncé, Travis Scott, Jazmine Sullivan, Rosalía and SZA. Discography

Gioventù bruciata (2019)
Ghettolimpo (2021)

Author and songwriter for other artists
<mask> during his career has written and composed songs with many Italian songwriters and producers, including Francesco Catitti, Dardust, Charlie Charles, Alessandro Raina, and artists such as Marracash, Chiara, Marco Mengoni, Fabri Fibra, Elodie and Michele Bravi.In 2019, thanks to his victory at the Sanremo Music Festival, Mogol offered the artist a scholarship to improve his skills as a songwriter at the European Centre in Toscolano for authors, composers and artists. Awards and nominations

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Singers from Milan
Italian people of Egyptian descent
Italian pop singers
X Factor (Italian TV series) contestants
Sanremo Music Festival winners
21st-century Italian  male singers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2019
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2022
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Italy
Italian Roman Catholics
Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients
Italian people of Sardinian descent
Universal Music Group artists

masks: Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmoodri Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood