title: Bobby V

texts:
<mask> (born February 27, 1980), better known by his stage name <mask> (formerly <mask>), is an American singer and songwriter. He was first a member of the R&B group Mista in 1994, before signing to rapper Ludacris through his label imprint, Disturbing tha Peace under Def Jam Recordings in 2005. <mask>'s first single as a solo artist, "Slow Down", released in February 2005, peaked at number 8 on Billboards Hot 100 chart. The single was certified gold by the RIAA and became the lead single for his eponymous debut album (2005)—which peaked at number 3 on the Billboard 200 and had a follow up single, "Tell Me" (featuring Lil Wayne). His next album, Special Occasion was released in May 2007, and warranted success from its second single, "Anonymous", which was produced by and featured a guest appearance from producer Timbaland. He has charted three No. 1 albums on Billboards U.S. Top R&B Chart since 2006.Life and career

1980–2004: Early life and career beginnings
<mask> Wilson was born on February 27, 1980, in Mississippi. He later moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Growing up, Wilson listened to Michael Jackson, Tony! Toni! Toné!, Marvin Gaye, Jodeci, and The Isley Brothers. Those were the artists that inspired him to become a R&B singer. Wilson entered the music scene in 1996 as a member of the R&B youth quartet Mista, at this time using his real name, <mask>.The new teenage R&B group released their first record. Under the production of Organized Noize (TLC's "Waterfalls"), the group released their self-titled debut album, which produced the hit single "Blackberry Molasses". However, the album did not follow in the same success and despite a second album being produced by Tim & Bob, it was never released. Due to management issues the group split in 1997. Wilson later enrolled at Clark Atlanta University majoring in mass communications. While in school, Wilson continued to record in his free time in hopes of one day returning to the stage. 2005–2007: Debut album and Special Occasion
<mask>ntino was released in the spring of 2005 through Island Def Jam and Ludacris' Disturbing tha Peace label and was certified gold by the RIAA selling over 708,000 copies in the United States.Primarily produced by hitmakers Tim & Bob, his first single, "Slow Down", became a Top 10 hit on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart and a #1 R&B single on the Billboard R&B Singles chart receiving a large amount of radio and TV airplay. Also in 2005, he joined Bow Wow, Omarion, Marques Houston, B5 and Pretty Ricky on the Scream Tour IV. After the success of "Slow Down", he released a second single, a remix of his song "Tell Me" featuring Lil Wayne, produced by Tim & Bob as well. The album's third and final single, "My Angel", was released in the fall of 2005, however it gained little popularity. Gearing up for the release of his 2007 sophomore effort Special Occasion, <mask> released the album's first single titled "Turn the Page" with mixed reviews. His second single, "Anonymous" featuring Timbaland, was released on April 9, 2007.Overall, the album received positive reviews from critics and audiences. He later returned to his pier appearing on the debut episode of MTV's Once Upon A Prom, which aired on May 19, 2007. 2008–2009: New label and The Rebirth
In early 2008, <mask> confirmed that he was no longer signed to either Def Jam or Disturbing tha Peace during an interview with DJBooth.net. He stated:

Around this time the British musician <mask> brought an action against the <mask> (then billed as "<mask>") and his then record label Def Jam for "Passing off, trademark infringement, and breach of contract, in relation to record sales, recorded content, and artist's live performances". Due to the poor album sales of the second album, Special Occasion'''s failing to reach gold or platinum sales, <mask> was reportedly frustrated with the album's delays and less than expected sales, culminating in his decision to leave the labels. Although business ties have been severed, <mask> maintains positive relationships with CEO Chaka Zulu, Ludacris and the Disturbing tha Peace/Def Jam staff. In April 2008, Come with Me was released through digital outlets and featured the single "Another Life".In July 2008, three months after being dropped from Def Jam Recordings and leaving Disturbing tha Peace Records, <mask> signed a new deal with EMI, which will house his imprint Blu Kolla Dreams. In regards to the new label his manager and co-CEO of Blu Kolla Dreams Courtney "Colt Luv" Stewart stated:

In addition, <mask> announced the release of a new album titled The Rebirth. When asked about his powerful new album <mask> stated:The Rebirth was released on February 10, 2009, under his new stage name "<mask>". The album's first official single "Beep" featuring Yung Joc was released via iTunes on October 7, 2008. In the fall of 2009, <mask> performed under his new alias at Rutgers University Hot Dog Knight. V's third studio album features production by Tim & Bob, Raphael Saadiq, LOS Da Maestro and Big Fruit. 2010–present
<mask> released his fourth studio album Fly on the Wall on March 22, 2011.The first single was "Phone #", which features rapper Plies and was produced by Jazze Pha. In December 2010, <mask> released his second single "Words" off of "Fly on the Wall". In February 2011, <mask> released his third single "Rock Wit'cha", a remake from <mask>'s 1989 album Don't Be Cruel. "Grab Somebody, which features rapper Twista was his fourth single. <mask> later appeared alongside rappers Nicki Minaj and Lil Wayne on the song "Sex in the Lounge" from Minaj's second album Pink Friday: Roman Reloaded. In May 2012, <mask> released the first single from his album, Dusk Till Dawn, titled "Mirror", which features rapper Lil Wayne. On October 16, 2012.Dusk Till Dawn was released. The album sold 50 000 copies in the first week. In April 2013, <mask> announced that he was working on a new project, Peach Moon. The first single from Peach Moon was "Back To Love". <mask> released Peach Moon on December 10, 2013. On January 28, 2015, <mask> was featured in a single released by Gotti, called "I Need a Girl." In January 2016, <mask> made a partnership with Michael Caseau to aid in media direction, investments, and management.Also in 2016, he released the soundtrack to the BET film Hollywood Hearts. In September 2017, <mask> signed a new label deal with SoNo Recording Group distributed by Universal Music Group. The label reunites him with record producer and A&R man Tim Kelley, who co-produced his 2005 debut, Disturbing Tha Peace Presents <mask>. The new album Electrik which was produced entirely by Tim Kelley, was released on March 9, 2018. The album debuted on the Billboard R&B Album Chart at #7. Electrik includes a collaboration with Snoop Dogg on the album's first single "Lil' Bit". Discography

Studio albums
 <mask> (2005)
 Special Occasion (2007)
 The Rebirth (2009)
 Fly on the Wall (2011)
 Dusk Till Dawn (2012)
 Electrik'' (2018)

Filmography
 Hollywood Hearts (TV Movie; 2016)

Awards and nominations
 Urban Music Awards
 2009, Urban Music Award for Best Male Artist (Won)
 2009, Urban Music Award for Best R&B Act (Won)
 NAACP Image Awards
 2006, Outstanding New Artist (Nominated)
 Soul Train Music Awards
 2006, Best R&B/Soul Single, Male: "Slow Down" (Nominated)
 2006, Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist (Nominated)
 Vibe Awards
 2005, Reelest Video: "Pimpin' All Over The World" (Nominated)
 BMI Awards
 2005, Song Of The Year: "Slow Down" (Won)

References

External links

1980 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century African-American male singers
American contemporary R&B singers
American hip hop singers
American tenors
Clark Atlanta University alumni
Living people
Musicians from Atlanta
Musicians from Jackson, Mississippi
Songwriters from Georgia (U.S. state)
Songwriters from Mississippi
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
African-American songwriters
21st-century African-American male singers
American male songwriters

masks:
Bobby Marcel Wilson
Bobby V
Bobby Valentino
Bobby V
Bobby Marcel
Bobby Wilson
Bobby Vale
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby Valentino
Bobby V
Bobby Valentino
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby Brown
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby V
Bobby Valentino
Bobby Valentino


title: Elisha Tyson

type: original

texts:
<mask> (December 18, 1750February 16, 1824) was an American colonial millionaire and philanthropist who was active in the abolition movement, Underground Railroad, and African colonization movement. He helped black people escape slavery by establishing safe houses, or Underground Railroad stations, on the route from Maryland to Pennsylvania. He purchased the freedom of blacks at slave auctions. He also initiated lawsuits for kidnapped blacks and created a group of vigilantes to prevent blacks from being kidnapped and enslaved. He also returned some kidnapped people from Liberia returned to their home country. The Quaker meetings he attended based upon his residence. As a child, his family was with the Abington Friends Meeting House.After moving to Maryland, he attended the Little Falls Meetinghouse and when he moved to Baltimore, he attended the Baltimore Quaker Meeting. When he died, thousands of people of color followed his casket to its final resting place at a Quaker burial ground. He had ten children. His son Nathan married Martha Ellicott, who wrote the first biography of Benjamin Banneker, the first African American astronomer, and was a founder of Swarthmore College. Early life
<mask> was born in Upper Dublin Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, to Esther Shoemaker and <mask> (1718–1796). They were affiliated with the Abington Friends Meeting House in the same county. His siblings, born after him, were Tacey, Enos, Jacob, Nathan, and Sarah.<mask>, his brother, and his parents moved to Jericho in Maryland. He came from a Quaker family based in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His great grandfather, the first <mask> ancestor in America, was among the first settlers of Pennsylvania. He was a German who was converted to the Quaker religion by George Fox. <mask> followed William Penn to England, after which he sailed for the colonies and settled near what is now Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He married an English woman, whose father was a settler, and they had sons and daughters. Career
In 1772, he set up in the milling business with his brother, buying Bond's Water Mill in Harford County, Maryland.He settled near Little Falls of the Gunpowder River in Jericho. He belonged to the Gunpowder Monthly Meeting. Nine years later, in 1781, he moved to Baltimore. At the close of the American Revolutionary War  (1775–1783), <mask> began investing in real estate, but lost everything but the property suitable for a mill. He borrowed $12,000 to build a mill near what is now Druid Hill Park at Jones Falls. The first year, he had a profit of $20,000. Within several years he was a wealthy man.He was a flour miller, trader, and a merchant. In 1818, he was a founder of the Savings Bank of Baltimore. He allowed the government use one of his mills to make bullets, although he was a pacifist. He believed in temperance and would not allow whiskey to process through his storehouses. Community advocate and activist
Due to his religious beliefs, <mask> was a pacifist and was not involved in politics. He was, though, very involved in multi-faceted approaches for assisting oppressed people. He was an emancipator and a philanthropist.Abolitionist
<mask> was particularly vocal in maintaining the values of the Quakers, often recalling the protest of 1688, which had been the first public protest against the institution of slavery. In 1789, he became one of the founders of the Maryland Society for the Abolition of Slavery, the first abolitionist society in the state. Three years later he became a supporter of the African Academy, which in 1797 opened the first school for free African Americans. Assisted blacks obtain and maintain their freedom
<mask> was also active in offering practical assistance to fugitives from slavery, providing  housing along Falls Road Turnpike to act as safe houses, or Underground Railroad stations, and helping these fugitives make their way to Pennsylvania. He purchased women and men at the slave auction in Baltimore, and set them free. He lobbied for laws to help slaves and blacks, persuaded slaveholders to free slaves, and helped provide schools and churches for freed blacks. He organized vigilante groups, known as the "Georgia men" to thwart the efforts of men who kidnapped black people—both runaway slaves and free people—and enslaved them.He helped thousands of kidnapped slaves earn their freedom through legal suits. Although he received threats against his life and house, he continued to rescue slaves. He was threatened with a pistol by a slave dealer, Austin Woolfolk, when <mask> intervened as Woolfolk dragged a black woman past his house in Baltimore. <mask> calmly "unbuttoned his shirt and exposed his chest. He invited the slave dealer to pull the trigger, telling him that he 'was in hell already though he [Woolfolk] didn't know it.' " An investigation revealed that she was a free woman kidnapped by Woolfolk and she was set free. <mask> sought to gain the freedom of slaves that had been captured as a war prize on the sea.Capt. John Chase captured the Brilliante Habanero a Spanish slave ship. He took 14 of the slaves into his crew and sold 28 people in the West Indies during the summer of 1822. He lobbied for their freedom and filed freedom suits on their behalf, but the case was denied. With the help of Charles Carroll, Robert Goodloe Harper, and Dr. Ely Ayres, who was a member of the American Colonization Society, the judge changed his opinion and ordered that the men be release. Chase captured three men, and 11 men were freed. African colonization
<mask> supported transporting blacks to Africa.He purchases farming equipment and household goods for the colonization of eleven slaves who sailed on the Fidelity for Africa in 1823. Once <mask>, who had been ill, heard that the men made it safely to Liberia, he stated that he was content to die now. Other
He provided free medical care to the poor when he established the Baltimore General Dispensary. When the Maryland Penitentiary opened in 1811, <mask>, a member of the directors, ensured that the institute did not engage in racial discrimination. About 1810, when he was 60 years of age, he traveled on horseback with his friend George Gillingham to Fort Wayne, Indiana to meet with Native American leaders to better understand their needs and concerns. During the trip, he became ill due to exposure. Personal life
He built a mansion on Hanover Street in Baltimore.Soon after its completion, a man offered to pay much more than its value to purchase it. <mask> sold the house to him and built a new one at Sharp Street, between Pratt and Lombard. He bought four houses across from his for his children: Isaac, Nathan, William, and <mask> Clapp. <mask>'s house was across the street from a colored meeting house. He owned a summer house on 732 Pacific Street near Falls Road Turnpike, which he helped finance in 1805. Built with two-feet-thick granite, the house is a classic Federal style. He married Mary Amos, daughter of Hannah and William Amos, on November 5, 1776.She wore a gray silk cloak on her wedding day. Like the Amos family, <mask> was a member of the Little Falls Meetinghouse. Five of their eleven children died young. They had  Isaac; Esther, who died in childbirth; Lucretia; William; Mary; Nathan; James, who died young; two girls named Sarah, who both died young; <mask>, and Deborah Darby <mask>. His wife, Mary, died on April 17, 1813. He married Margaret Cowman of Anne Arundel County, Maryland on October 22, 1814. They did not have any children.She died on January 29, 1853. His son Nathan married Martha Ellicott, who wrote the first biography of Benjamin Banneker, the first African American astronomer. It was entitled A Sketch of the Life (1854). She was a founder of Swarthmore College. <mask> died on February 16, 1824, in Baltimore. His funeral, one of the largest in the city, saw several thousand or four thousand blacks accompany <mask>'s casket to its final resting place at the Friends Burial Ground in Baltimore. An obituary of <mask> in The United States Gazette stated that "the wrongs inflicted on Africa's children made a deep and indelible impression on his heart, till its last beat..." Before he died, <mask> wrote "A Farewell Address by <mask> <mask> of the City of Baltimore to the Colored People of the United States", which was published on April 6, 1824, by The United States Gazette .Notes

References

Further reading
  Regarding Spanish Privateer schooner General Morla, with 32 Africans on board. External links

1750 births
1824 deaths
People from Baltimore
People from Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania
People of colonial Pennsylvania
American Quakers
Underground Railroad people
Colonial American merchants
18th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Green Mount Cemetery
American pacifists
Quaker abolitionists

masks:
Elisha Tyson
Tyson
Isaac Tyson
Elisha
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Elisha
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Mary Tyson
Elisha
Tyson
Elisha
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Tyson
Elisha
Tyson


title: Isidore the Laborer

texts:
<mask> the Farm Labourer, also known as Isidore the Farmer () (c. 1070 – May 15, 1130), was a Spanish farmworker known for his piety toward the poor and animals. He is the Catholic patron saint of farmers and of Madrid, El Gobernador, Jalisco and of La Ceiba, Honduras. His feast day is celebrated on May 15. The Spanish profession name labrador comes from the verb labrar ("to till", "to plow" or, in a broader sense, "to work the land"). Hence, to refer to him as simply a "laborer" is a poor translation of the Spanish labrador as it makes no reference to the essential farming aspect of his work and his identity. His real name was Isidro de Merlo y Quintana. Biography
Isidore was born in Madrid, in about the year 1070, of poor but very devout parents, and was christened Isidore from the name of their patron, St. Isidore of Seville.<mask> spent his life as a hired hand in the service of the wealthy Madrilenian landowner Juan de Vargas on a farm in the city's vicinity. He shared what he had, even his meals, with the poor. Juan de Vargas would later make him bailiff of his entire estate of Lower Caramanca. <mask> married Maria Torribia, known as Santa María de la Cabeza in Spain; she has never been canonized, pending confirmation by Pope Francis. <mask> and Maria had one son. On one occasion, their son fell into a deep well and, at the prayers of his parents, the water of the well is said to have risen miraculously to the level of the ground, bringing the child with it. In thanksgiving <mask> and Maria then vowed sexual abstinence and lived in separate houses.Their son later died in his youth. <mask> died on May 15, 1130, at his birthplace close to Madrid, although the only official source places his death in the year 1172. Miracle stories

In the morning before going to work, Isidore would usually attend Mass at one of the churches in Madrid. One day, his fellow farm workers complained to their master that Isidore was always late for work in the morning. Upon investigation the master found Isidore at prayer while an angel was doing the ploughing for him. On another occasion, his master saw an angel ploughing on either side of him, so that Isidore's work was equal to that of three of his fellow field workers. Isidore is also said to have brought back to life his master's deceased daughter, and to have caused a fountain of fresh water to burst from the dry earth to quench his master's thirst.One snowy day, when going to the mill with wheat to be ground, he passed a flock of wood-pigeons scratching vainly for food on the hard surface of the frosty ground. Taking pity on the poor animals, he poured half of his sack of precious wheat upon the ground for the birds, despite the mocking of witnesses. When he reached the mill, however, the bag was full, and the wheat, when it was ground, produced double the expected amount of flour. <mask>'s wife, Maria, always kept a pot of stew on the fireplace in their humble home as Isidore would often bring home anyone who was hungry. One day he brought home more hungry people than usual. After she served many of them, Maria told him that there simply was no more stew in the pot. He insisted that she check the pot again, and she was able to spoon out enough stew to feed them all.On April 2, 1212, after torrential rains had exhumed cadavers from cemeteries in Madrid, his body was discovered in an apparent state of incorruptibility. He is said to have appeared to Alfonso VIII of Castile, and to have shown him the hidden path by which he surprised the Moors and gained the victory of Las Navas de Tolosa, in 1212. When King Philip III of Spain was cured of a deadly disease after touching the relics of the saint, the king replaced the old reliquary with a costly silver one and instigated the process of his beatification. Throughout history, other members of the royal family would seek curative powers from the saint. The number of miracles attributed to him has been counted as 438. The only original source of hagiography on him is a fourteenth century codex called Códice de Juan Diácono which relates five of his miracles:
The pigeons and the grain. The angels ploughing.The saving of his donkey, through prayer, from a wolf attack. The account of his wife's pot of food. A similar account of his feeding the brotherhood. The codex also attests to the incorruptible state of his body, stating it was exhumed 40 years after his death. Veneration

<mask> was beatified in Rome on May 2, 1619, by Pope Paul V. He was canonized nearly three years later by Pope Gregory XV, along with Saints Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Teresa of Ávila and Philip Neri, on March 12, 1622. In 1696, his relics were moved to the Royal Alcazar of Madrid to intervene on behalf of the health of Charles II of Spain. While there, the King's locksmith pulled a tooth from the body and gave it to the monarch, who slept with it under his pillow until his death.This was not the first, nor the last time his body was allegedly mutilated out of religious fervour. For example, it was reported one of the ladies in the court of Isabella I of Castile bit off one of his toes. In 1760, his body was brought to the Royal Palace of Madrid during the illness of Maria Amalia of Saxony. In 1769, Charles III of Spain had the remains of Saint <mask> and his wife Maria relocated to the San Isidro Church, Madrid. The sepulcher has nine locks and only the King of Spain has the master key. The opening of the sepulcher must be performed by the Archbishop of Madrid and authorized by the King himself. Consequently, it has not been opened since 1985.His feast day is celebrated on May 15 in the Catholic Church, and in the Philippine Independent Church. Patronage
Saint Isidore is widely venerated as the patron saint of farmers, peasants, day laborers and agriculture in general, as well as brick layers. His hometown of Madrid, the Spanish cities of Leon, Zaragoza, and Seville, and various locales in the former Spanish Empire honour him as their patron saint. The US National Catholic Rural Life Conference claims him as its patron. San Ysidro, California, and San Ysidro, New Mexico, were named after him. Iconography
Saint Isidore is often portrayed as a peasant holding a sickle and a sheaf of corn. He might also be shown with a sickle and staff; as an angel plows for him; or with an angel and white oxen near him.In Spanish art, his emblems are a spade or a plough. Legacy

The story of St. Isidore is a reminder of the dignity of work, and that ordinary life can lead to holiness. Legends about angel helpers and mysterious oxen indicate that his work was not neglected and his duties did not go unfulfilled. St. Isidore's life demonstrates that: If you have your spiritual self in order, your earthly commitments will fall into order also." The house of his master, Juan de Vargas, in Madrid is now a museum, popularly known as the "Casa de San Isidro". It houses temporary exhibitions on the history of Madrid, as well as on the life of the saint. It is not to be confused with the aforementioned San Isidro Church.Not only does this museum contain a chapel built upon the place where <mask> lived and died, but also the well where his son fell and was saved. Feast day celebrations and festivals
The date of his liturgical feast, which, though not included in the General Roman Calendar, has been celebrated for centuries in several countries and dioceses, is May 15. Many towns venerate Saint <mask> and his wife Blessed María Torribia with processions in which the fields are blessed. Spain

One of the most celebrated holidays of Madrid is held on May 15, the liturgical feast of Isidore who is the city's patron saint as well as of farmers. The traditional festival is held in an open-air area known as the Pradera del Santo. In the afternoon, the images of San Isidro and his wife, Santa María de la Cabeza, are paraded through the streets, from Calle del Sacramento to the Plaza de la Villa, passing through Calle del Cordón. The feast in honor of San Isidro is declared of National Tourist Interest in Andalusia and is one of the most important celebrations in province of Malaga.The fiesta is very popular in Alameda because San Isidro is a co-patron of the town. Celebrations honoring both saints are also held elsewhere in Spain. For years, the Alicantine locality of Castalla has been celebrating the Fair of San Isidro, where numerous companies display their products in a playful and festive atmosphere. A medieval swap meet and mechanical attractions are especially popular. A large celebration is held in Estepona, near Marbella along the Costa del Sol in Andalucia, where locals celebrate the day by drinking a mix of brandy and a popular energy drink which is named in his honour. This has led to Saint <mask> often being termed the “patron saint of krunk” (the name of this combination drink in the United States). The Romería festival in Almogia, a pueblo blanco in the campo halfway between Malaga to the south and Antequera, celebrates San Isidro, its patron saint, on the weekend in the middle of May with a fiesta carnival.Floats from the surrounding farming communities, accompanied by traditionally dressed ladies in flamenco dresses and caballeros on dancing horses, sing and dance from Almogia to the Romería ground a few kilometres north of the village and the festival includes music, traditional horse races, a bar for horses as well as their riders, and much parading of costume and finery. The best-dressed float is awarded a prize. Chile

May 15 is San Isidro Day in Cuz-Cuz, about five kilometers from the city of Illapel, Choapa province, in the Coquimbo region of Chile. If the day falls on a Monday, the following Sunday is celebrated. Celebrations begin at noon with a Mass, followed by a procession and Chilean dances. Peru

The residents of San Isidro de Carampá of Ayacucho in the city of Lima celebrate a San Isidro festival. The First Society of San Isidro de Carampá organizes the festival, along with the Butler and the Adornante festivals.In the evening, after the celebration of the Mass, a procession moves to the house of the Adornante. On the next day, Central Day, another Mass is said, this time celebrated by the Butler. Another procession is held, followed by a festival. Philippines
Many festivals are held in honour of Saint Isidore on or around May 15 in the Philippines, which is mostly agricultural and predominantly Catholic. The Apit Festival of Allacapan, Cagayan, done in praise and thanksgiving for the harvest gathered throughout the year. The Apit Festival is celebrated on May 10–15. The Sabugan ng Biyaya Festival (often shortened to Sabugan Festival) of Agdangan, Quezon, is a thanksgiving event for the blessings that the town has received.The Pahiyás Festival is held in honour of Saint <mask> and Blessed María in Lucban, Quezon, in thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest. It is noted as local houses are decorated with produce and other agricultural products, which are given away after. The Kangga Festival is held on his feast day in Mogpog, Marinduque (the island also known for its Moriones Festival every Holy Week). The festivities highlight farming traditions, and give thanks for a good harvest and the town's continuing prosperity. The Bariw Festival in Nabas, Aklan, held every May 12–15 as Saint Isidore is the town's patron. The feast also showcases the town's bariw products such as hats and mats as well as unique local attractions. In Pulilan, Bulacan, carabaos are often dressed in clothes or painted, and trained to kneel on their forelegs before the Church of San Isidro Labrador during the fiesta.The custom, unique to the town, is performed as an act of veneration to the saint. Saint Isidore is celebrated in the towns of San Isidro and Talavera, Nueva Ecija. The province is often referred to as the "Rice Granary of the Philippines", as rice is its principal crop aside from maize and onion. Celebrations begin a week before the feast day itself, including daily novenas, Masses, processions, public entertainment and a funfair (perya). Barangay San Isidro in Lupao, Nueva Ecija also celebrates Saint Isidore as its patron saint. Saint Isidore's feast is also celebrated in Lezo, Aklan every May 14–15. Barangay Teguis in Poro, Cebu celebrates Saint Isidore's feast on May 15, as well as the day after.The towns of Tubigon and San Isidro in Bohol both celebrate Saint Isidore's feast day on May 15. Sitio Canipa-an in Barangay Banquerohan, Cadiz City, Negros Occidental also celebrates the feast annually in May. The first time the saint was honoured was in 1918. In Pampanga, the Feast of San Isidro is celebrated every May 15 in different barangays. City of San Fernando, Bacolor, Macabebe, and other towns have barangays named after the saint. In Hinunangan, Southern Leyte, Barangay Calag-itan, which has Saint Isidore the Farmer Chapel, and Barangay Catublian, which hosts the Parish of Saint Isidore the Farmer, as well as Silago also venerate Saint Isidore. These three belong to the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, a national church that split from the Catholic Church after the Philippine Revolution and recognises pre-schism saints.In Barangay Salawag, Dasmariñas, the Feast of San Isidro is celebrated along with the Feast of the Arrival of the Virgin of Salawag. <mask> is the principal patron of the village, and secondary patron of the local parish since 1987. United States
In 1947, at the request of the National Catholic Rural Life Conference, he was officially named patron of farmers, with a feast day on May 10 in all dioceses of the United States, with a proper Mass and Office. When <mask>'s feast was first inserted into the calendar for the United States in the year 1947, the feast day of Saint John Baptist de La Salle was still being celebrated on May 15, with the result that the celebration of his feast was assigned to March 22. With the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar, the memorial of Saint John Baptist de la Salle was moved to his day of death, April 7, and <mask>'s was restored to the May 15 date and is celebrated as an optional memorial. In some places within the US and Canada, his feast is celebrated on October 25, and other locations and some Traditionalist Catholics in that area, though not elsewhere, keep the March 22 date. Corrales, New Mexico
In Corrales, New Mexico, the town celebrates the San Ysidro Feast day on May 15.Matachines dance through the streets and the fiesta is a big part of the celebrations in the city. See also
 Saint Isidore the Laborer, patron saint archive

References

External links
 St Isidore the Farmer
 Visitors guide to the Fiestas San Isidro in Madrid
 Yucatan, Mexico celebrates San Isidro Labrador in multiple town fiestas
 Lucban San Isidro Pahiyas Festival website
 The Life of San Isidro, Labrador
 Saint Isidore the Laborer at the Christian Iconography web site

1070s births
1130 deaths
12th-century people from León and Castile
12th-century Christian saints
Burials in Madrid
Canonizations by Pope Gregory XV
Spanish farmers
Incorrupt saints
Medieval Spanish saints
Spanish Roman Catholic saints
Animals in Christianity

masks:
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Isidore
Saint Isidore
St Isidore
Saint Isidore


title: Yun Jeong-mo

texts:
<mask> (born 1946) is a South Korean writer. She was born in Wolseong, North Gyeongsang Province, and graduated Hyehwa Girls’ High School in Busan. She studied creative writing and literature at Seorabeol Art University, during which she wrote her first novel Munuijyeo buneun baram (무늬져 부는 바람 Winds Filled with Patterns). The novel was published in 1968, quickly followed by a number of other works: Geuraedo deulyeogen hetsari (그래도 들녘엔 햇살이 Still There Is Sunshine on the Fields) in 1972, Saengui yeoroeseo (생의 여로에서 On the Road of Life's Journey) in 1973, and Jeo barami kkotnipeul (저 바람이 꽃잎을 Flower Petals in That Wind) in 1973. Her 1981 novella Barambyeokui ttaldeul (바람벽의 딸들 Daughters of the Wall) won the Yeoseong Joongang Contest. In 1988, she received the Sin Dong-yup Grant for Creative Writing and the Danjae Literature Prize. Her recent works include the short story collections Sumerian (수메리안 Sumerian) and Gilgamesh (길가메시 Gilgamesh), which were published in 2005 and 2007, respectively.She also has a fan page. Life

<mask> was born in Wolseong, North Gyeongsang Province, in 1946. She grew up under the influence of her uncles at her maternal grandparents’ home, to which she had followed her mother when her parents divorced. She attended Hyehwa Girls’ High School in Busan and studied creative writing under novelist Kim Dong-ni at Seorabeol Art University. She began writing in earnest, and in 1968 her first novel Munuijyeo buneun baram (무늬져 부는 바람 Winds Filled with Patterns) was published. After graduating university, she worked as a proofreader for several publishers. She made her official literary debut when Barambyeokui ttaldeul (바람벽의 딸들 Daughters of the Wall) won the Yeoseong Joongang Contest in the Novella category.In May 1980, Hong Hee-dam, author of Gitbal (깃발 Flag) and a member of a women's organization in Gwangju, asked <mask> to hide two Gwangju Uprising activists wanted by the government and offered a monthly payment of KRW 200,000 in return. Struggling to make ends meet, she accepted. She ended up learning a lot about history and society from the two activists, as she would later confess. Experiencing the Gwangju Uprising both directly and indirectly, <mask> began to explore the sad history of the Korean people, the reality of the peninsula's division, class struggles, and the plight of women. The rage and defiance she felt towards the Gwangju Uprising were channeled into creative expression, resulting in novels that are now representative of South Korea in the 1980s. Examples include Deungnamu (등나무 Wisteria, 1983), Bamgil (밤길 Night Road, 1985), Nim (님 Thee, 1985), and Goppi (고삐 Reins, 1988). Since the 1990s, <mask> has written novels that reflect a broader view of history and reality.These novels deal with topics ranging from the concerns of farming communities to the life of <mask>-sang (a South Korean-born composer who defected to Germany) to the tragic realities of Korea and Ireland. Recently, she adapted her 1982 novel Emi ireumeun josenppiyeotda  (에미 이름은 조센삐였다 Your Ma's Name Was Chosun Whore) into a play entitled Bongseonhwa (봉선화 Touch-me-not). These two works raise the issue of Korean “comfort women” forced into sexual slavery for Japanese soldiers during World War II. Writing

Since the 1980 Gwangju Uprising, <mask> has shifted her literary focus to social criticism. In particular, she has probed in depth the tragic national experience of colonization, the division of Korea, and conflicts between the rich and poor, among others. This artistic vision is evident in many of her works: the novella Emi ireumeun josenppiyeotda  (에미 이름은 조센삐였다 Your Ma's Name Was Chosun Whore) tells the story of women sexually enslaved by Japanese troops during the late colonial period; Seom (섬 Island), later revised to Geurigo hamseongi deulyeotda (그리고 함성이 들렸다 And Then We Heard the Roar), chronicles the struggles of lepers during Japanese occupation; Goppi (고삐 Reins) investigates the relationship between foreign rule and the commercialization of sex; and Nabiui kkum (나비의 꿈 A Butterfly's Dream) illustrates the unfortunate interplay between a nation's fate and an artist's achievements by following the life of Korean-born German composer <mask>-sang. Given that these works were written based on <mask>'s firsthand experience and research, they are grounded in historical accuracy.They have also been recognized for literary

masks:
Yun Jeong Mo
Yun
Yun
Yun
Yun
Yun I
Yun
Yun I
Yun


title: Yun Jeong-mo

texts:
 merit due to their vividness of portrayal and expression. Since the 2000s, <mask> has closely studied the Sumer civilization, based on which she wrote Sumerian (수메리안, 2005), Gilgamesh (길가메시, 2007), and Sumer (수메르, 2010). Works

Novels

 『저 바람이 꽃잎을』, 동민문화사, 1972. Flower Petals in That Wind. Dongminmunhwasa, 1972. 『무늬져 부는 바람』, 오륜출판사, 1973. Winds Filled with Patterns.Oryun, 1973. 『그래도 들녘엔 햇살이』, 범우사, 1973. Still There Is Sunshine on the Fields. Bumwoosa, 1973. 『생의 여로에서』, 고려문화사, 1973. On the Road of Life’s Journey. Goyreomunhwasa, 1973.『13월의 송가』, 집현각, 1975. Ode of the Thirteenth Month. Jiphyeongak, 1975. 『광화문통 아이』, 서음출판사, 1976. The Child on Gwanghwamun Street. Seoeumchulpansa, 1976. 『관계』, 서음출판사, 1977.Relationship. Seoeumchulpansa, 1977. 『독사의 혼례』, 지소림, 1978. Viper's Wedding. Jisorim, 1978. 『너의 성숙은 거짓이다』, 산하, 1980. Your Maturity Is False.Sanha, 1980. 『밤길』, 문예출판사, 1983. Night Road. Moonye Books, 1983. 『섬』, 한마당, 1983. Island. Hanmadang, 1983.『가자, 우리의 둥지로』, 문예사, 1985. Let's Go, to Our Nest. Moonyesa, 1985. 『그리고 함성이 들렸다』, 실천문학사, 1986. And Then We Heard the Roar. Silcheon Munhak, 1986. 『님』, 한겨례, 1987.Thee. Hanibook, 1987. 『빛』, 동아, 1991. Light. Donga, 1991. 『들』, 창작과비평사, 1992. Field.Changbi, 1992. 『고삐』, 풀빛, 1993. Reigns. Pulbit, 1993. 『고삐2』, 풀빛, 1993
Reigns 2. Pulbit, 1993. 『봄비』, 풀빛, 1994.Spring Rain. Pulbit, 1994. 『굴레』, 인문당, 1994. Bridle. Inmundang, 1994. 『나비의 꿈』, 한길사, 1996. A Butterfly’s Dream.Hangilsa, 1996. 『에미 이름은 조센삐였다』, 당대, 1997. Your Ma's Name Was Chosun Whore. Dangdae, 1997. 『그들의 오후』, 창작과비평사, 1998. Their Afternoon. Changbi, 1998.『딴 나라 여인』, 열림원, 1999. Foreign Woman. Yolimwon, 1999. 『슬픈 아일랜드』, 1-2, 열림원, 2000. Sad Island Vol. 1-2. Yolimwon, 2000.『꾸야삼촌』, 다리미디어, 2002. Uncle Kkuya. Dari Media, 2002. 『수메리안』 1-2, 파미르, 2005. Sumerian Vol. 1-2. Pamir, 2005.『길가메시』, 파미르, 2007. Gilgamesh. Pamir, 2007. 『수메르』 1-3, 다산책방, 2010. Sumer Vol. 1-2. Dasanchekbang, 2010.Essay collections

 『황새울 편지』, 푸른숲, 1990.
Letters from Hwangseul. Prunsoop, 1990. 『우리는 특급열차를 타러 간다』, 눈과마음, 2001. We're Off to Take the Express Train, Nungwamaeum, 2001. Other

 『전쟁과 소년』, 푸른나무, 2003. The War and the Boy. Purunnamu, 2003.『누나의 오월』, 산하, 2005. Nuna' May. Sanha, 2005. 『봉선화가 필 무렵』, 푸른나무, 2008. When Rose Balsams Bloom. Purunnamu, 2008. 『수난 사대』, 웃는돌고래, 2015.Tragedy over Four Generations. Smiling Dolphin, 2015. Works in translation

 Father and Son : Volume 077 (English)
 Meine Mutter war einen "Korea-Nutte" (German)
 母・従軍慰安婦- かあさんは「朝鮮ピー」と呼ばれた (Japanese)

Awards

 1988: Sin Dong-yup Grant for Creative Writing
 1993: Danjae Literature Prize
 1996: Seorabol Literature Prize

Further reading
 유기성, ｢『고삐』 작가 윤정모의 운동적 삶｣, 『월간 말』, 1989년 6월호. Yoo, Gi Seong. "Reigns Author <mask>-Mo's Life of Movement." Monthly Magazine Mal, 1989 June Issue. 임헌영, ｢우리 시대의 거울로서의 윤정모｣, 『우리 시대의 소설읽기』, 글, 1992.Im, Heon Yeong. "<mask>-Mo as the Mirror of Our Age." In Reading Novels in this Age. Geul, 1992. 김성호, ｢사실적 문학과 시적 문학 : 윤정모 장편 『들』을 읽으며｣, 『창작과비평』, 1992년 가을호. Kim, Seong Ho. "Realistic Literature and Poetic Literature: On Reading <mask>-Mo's Novel Field."Changbi, 1992 Fall Issue. 신윤덕, ｢윤정모의 절대적 고독과 희망｣,『월간 말』, 1993년 1월호. Sin, <mask>. "<mask>-Mo's Absolute Solitude and Hope." Monthly Magazine Mal, 1993 January Issue. 방현석, ｢시리도록 선명한 문학적 긍지-이 계절의 작가 윤정모｣, 『실천문학』, 1996년 겨울호. Bang, Hyeon Seok."Literary Pride That Is Dazzlingly Clear: Writer of the Season, <mask>-Mo." Silcheon Munhak, 1996 Winter Issue. 고미숙, ｢‘덴동어미’와 ‘이갈리아의 딸’을 넘어서-여경자의 『사랑의 상처』와 윤정모의 『그들의 오후』｣, 『비평기계』, 소명출판, 2000. Go, Mi Suk. "Beyond Dendongeomi (Mother of the Burnt Child) and Egalia's Daughters: Yeo Gyeong Ja's Scars of Love and <mask>-Mo's Their Afternoon." In Criticism Machine. Somyung Books, 2000.고명철, ｢다시 타오를 민족문제에 대한 역사적 각성-윤정모, 『슬픈 아일랜드』｣, 『실천문학』, 2000년 겨울호. Go, Myeong Cheol. "Historical Eye-Opener on National Issues That Will Flare up Again: <mask>-Mo's Sad Island." 최은경, 「윤정모의 『고삐』를 통해서 본 여성의 경험과 자아의 구성」, 서울대 학위논문, 2004. Choi, Eun Gyeong. "Women's Experience and Development of Self as Seen through <mask>-Mo's Reigns." Master's thesis, Seoul National University, 2004.송명희, 「윤정모의 『고삐』에 나타난 제3세계 민족주의의 페미니즘」, 『비평문학』, 청원, 1994. Song, Myeong Hui. "Third-World Nationalistic Feminism in <mask>-Mo's Reigns." Literary Criticism, 1994. 『고삐』 작가 윤정모의 영국생활」, 『여성동아』, 1999.11. "Reigns Author <mask>-Mo's Life in the UK." W Dong-A, November 1999.References

1946 births
Living people
Chung-Ang University alumni
South Korean women

masks:
Yun
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Deok
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong
Yun Jeong


title: Pedro Bravo de Acuña

texts:
<mask> (died June 24, 1606) was a Spanish military officer and colonial official in the New World and the Philippines. From 1602 to 1606 he was the eleventh governor of the Philippines. Early career and arrival in the Philippines
<mask> was recognized for his bravery in the Battle of Lepanto. He became a knight of the Order of St. John, and was named governor of Cartagena de Indias in Tierra Firme on the Caribbean coast in 1593. In 1601 he was named governor of the Philippines. In May 1602, he arrived in Manila in a convoy of four ships from New Spain, to take up his position as governor of the Philippines and president of the Audiencia of Manila. <mask>, his predecessor, was awaiting his juicio de residencia (grievance tribunal), and for that reason he remained in Manila.He died of an illness the following year, in April. <mask> <mask> promptly began to construct galleys and other vessels in the shipyard, to defend the sea, which was full of enemies and pirates from other islands, especially from Mindanao. He was much preoccupied with settling matters with the Empire of Japan and with the Sultanate of Sulu, in addition he also had to see that the ships were robust enough to make the voyage to New Spain. Relations with Japan
A few days after his arrival in Manila, <mask> <mask> received Chiquiro, an envoy from Tokugawa Ieyasu (or Daifu Sama, as he was known to the Spanish), ruler of Japan. Ieyasu wanted to establish trade and friendship with New Spain, and asked for masters and workmen to be sent to Japan to build ships for that purpose and for a navy. Earlier, Viceroy Tello had sent Fray Geronimo <mask>, a Franciscan, to negotiate a trade and friendship treaty with Ieyasu, and Geronimo had apparently promised Spanish help with these projects. Viceroy <mask>, however, was opposed.To begin with, the greatest security of the Philippines from Japanese attack had been their lack of ships and their ignorance of navigation. As often as the latter had intended to attack Manila, they had been prevented by this obstacle. Secondly, the Philippines had a monopoly on trade between Asia and New Spain (and beyond that, to Spain). The economy of the occupiers was based largely on this trade, and <mask> was not anxious to share it with Japan. Fray Geronimo was written and instructed to tell Ieyasu with what pleasure the governor had received the good-will that he manifested to him, and the peace and friendship with the Spaniards, and all the other things that he was doing for them; and that he, the governor, would keep it and observe it insofar as he was concerned, and that every year he would send a Spanish ship to trade at Quanto according to Daifu's desire, and that he would despatch it quickly. As to the navigation which the latter wished to undertake to Nueva España and his desire to have masters sent him for that purpose, to build ships for that voyage, that was a matter which — although the governor would do his best to effect, and to please him in everything — was not within his control, without first informing his Majesty and the latter's viceroy in Nueva España thereof; for he, the governor, had no power or authority outside of the affairs of his government of the Philippines. <mask> promised that he would write to the king immediately, and hoped that there matter would be properly settled there.Until the reply came from Spain, which would necessarily take three years because that country was so far, he begged Daifu to be patient, since nothing else could be done. The ship carrying Chiquiro back to Japan, however, was wrecked on Hermosa Island, and the vessel, the messenger and the message were lost. Letters had also been received from Fray Geronimo, reporting that Ieyasu had agreed to permit Christian missionaries and churches in Japan. Franciscans, Dominicans and Augustinians all set out hastily for that country. Also in 1602 two merchant ships sailed from the Philippines to New Spain. They were beset by storms and unable to complete the voyage. The Santa Maria took refuge in the Ladrones Guam for forty days before sailing back to Manila.They were able to pick up most of the Spaniards left there by the Santa Margarita in 1600. The other ship, the Espiritu Santo, having lost its mainmast, put into port in Japan. There they were on the point of being held captive by the Japanese, who apparently intended to gain control of its cargo. Nevertheless, they did manage to sail out of the harbor with a jury-rigged mainmast. To do so, they had to leave a few hostage crewmen behind and cut a rattan cable across the harbor entrance. There was some gunfire on both sides, and a few people were killed. When Ieyasu was informed of the skirmish, he ordered the hostages released, and all the goods returned to the Spanish.The promised trading ship was later sent with a cargo of red wood, deerskins, raw silk and other commodities. Fray Geronimo made a quick visit to Manila to find out the fate of ambassador Chiquiro, and then returned with the information to Japan. The missionaries that had been allowed into the country found their reception to be much cooler than anticipated, apparently because permission was a political measure intended to obtain Spanish help with shipbuilding. In 1600, a fleet from Satsuma raided a Chinese trading fleet, stole all its merchandise and attempted to sell it at the port in Manila. The Spanish authorities crucified all 400 of the crew. Thereafter relations between Japan and the Philippines were basically closed. The situation in Jolo, and raids from Mindanao
The Spanish had maintained a fort on Jolo, but controlled very little of the island.Upon his arrival, Governor <mask> sent some reinforcements, but the Spanish there were so worn out that even with the reinforcements, they abandoned the island, retreating to the Pintados. This emboldened the people of Jolo and nearby Mindanao to make raids on the Spanish in the Pintados and elsewhere. The governor hastily started for the island of Panay to ascertain the state of affairs, leaving the government in Manila in charge of Licenciado <mask> Ribera, auditor of the Audiencia. Soon afterwards raiders from Mindanao attacked Luzon, taking some Spaniards captive and holding them for ransom, and burning the town of Calilaya. After these initial successes they encountered greater resistance, and so passed over to Mindoro. After taking more captives and booty, the raiders left Mindoro to return to Mindanao. They put into the river of a little uninhabited island to get water and wood.Just at that time Governor <mask>, who was hastily returning to Manila after he had received news of the pirates, passed the island. He passed so near the mouth of the river, in three small boats with very few men, that it was a wonder that he was not seen and captured by the enemy. He learned that the enemy was there, and then he met with the twelve vessels sent from Manila in search of the raiders. The governor ordered the commander to make more haste and gave him some of his own men to guide him to where he had left the pirates the day before, whereupon they went to attack them. However, the sentinels of the raiders raised the alarm, and they left the river in haste, throwing into the sea goods and slaves in order to flee more lightly. The Spanish vessels were not as fast, but they did manage to sink a few boats and capture two. The others escaped over the high seas.Without accomplishing anything else, the fleet returned to Manila. The governor had already arrived there, very much disturbed that these enemies, who had never dared to leave their settlements, should have been so daring as to come to the very gates of the city, doing great damage and taking captives. The first expedition to the Moluccas
Some years before this the king of Spain had ordered an expedition be sent from Portuguese India for the capture of the fort of Terrenate in the Moluccas. (From 1580 to 1640 Spanish kings ruled in Portugal.) Terrenate was in the power of a Moro who had rebelled and driven out the Portuguese. The necessary preparations of ships, munitions, and men were made for this undertaking in India, and Andrea Furtado <mask>, an able and experienced soldier, was chosen general of the expedition. He sailed from Goa with six galleons, fourteen galliots and fustas, and other ships, and 1,500 fighting men, with supplies and munitions for the fleet.However, some of the smaller vessels were unable to keep up. Furtado stopped first in Amboina, which was also in revolt against Portugal and attacked the rebels. He was very successful at this, winning every battle and pacifying the island, but he needed six months to do so. The stragglers among his fleet did not arrive, and neither did requested help from Malacca. Being short on men and supplies, Furtado <mask> sent a request to Governor <mask> <mask> in the Philippines to send both for the undertaking against Terrenate. The request was that the aid arrive at Terrenate in January, 1603. Governor <mask> had had his eye on the Moluccas himself, and had intended to dispatch a Spanish force there at a later, opportune moment.Nevertheless, he felt it best to comply with the Portuguese request. At the end of 1602 the Spanish force was dispatched from the Philippines, taking with them the ship Santa Potenciana and three large frigates, with 150 well-armed Spanish soldiers, 10,000 fanégas of rice, 1,500 earthen jars of palm wine, 200 head of salt beef, 20 hogsheads of sardines, conserves and medicines, 50 quintals of powder, cannonballs and bullets, and cordage and other supplies, the whole in charge of Captain Joan Xuarez Gallinato, with orders to take that help to Terrenate and to place himself under the command of the Portuguese general. He made his voyage there in a fortnight, and anchored in the port of Talangame, in the island of Terrenate, two leguas from the fort. There he found Andrea Furtado <mask>doça with his galleons at anchor, awaiting him. The combined force besieged the fort at Terrenate. After having considerable effect, however, they found themselves without powder and were forced to raise the siege and return to Amboina. The second great fire of Manila
On April 30, 1603, a fire started in a little field house used by some Filipinos and Negroes of the native hospital in the city, at three o'clock in the afternoon, and passed to other houses so quickly, with the force of the rather fresh wind, that it could not be stopped.It burned houses of wood and stone, even the monastery of St. Dominic, the royal hospital for the Spaniards, and the royal warehouses, without leaving a building standing among them. Fourteen people died in the fire, Spaniards, Filipinos and Negroes, among them Licentiate Sanz, canon of the cathedral. In all 260 houses were burned, with much property that was in them. The damage was estimated at more than one million pesos. The first insurrection of the Chinese

There were many Chinese-Filipino mestizos in Manila, referred to as Sangleys. The Spanish were distrustful of them, partly because they suspected that the Chinese Empire had designs on the Philippines. Rumors began in the Sangley community that the Spanish and Japanese intended to massacre them.A rich Christian and very Hispanicized Chinese, Juan Bautista <mask> by name, began organizing the Chinese community for the anticipated fighting. It was thought that an insurrection of the Chinese was likely to succeed because an auspicious start would likely bring in imperial Chinese forces to conquer the islands. Vera began recruiting men and building a fort in a swamp in a hidden location near Manila. The revolt was scheduled for late November, but fearing that the plot had been discovered, the date was advanced to October 3, 1603. On that date, 2,000 men gathered at the fort. Vera himself, still pretending to be loyal to the Spanish, reported the insurrection to the viceroy. Viceroy <mask>, however, was suspicious and had him arrested.He was later executed. That night the rebels attacked some outlying houses and one village, burning it. A skirmish took place the next day at Tondo between about 200 Spanish and 1,500 Chinese. The badly armed Chinese suffered heavy losses and were forced to withdraw. The Spaniards soon tried to follow up their victory, but after pursuing the Chinese for some distance, they were surrounded by a large force and cut to pieces. Only four of them escaped, badly wounded. These men carried the news to Manila.The Spanish weapons fell into rebel hands. The following day, Sunday, the rebels, flushed with the victory of the preceding day and their army swelled by the additional men that joined them, attacked the city. Burning and destroying everything in their path, they crossed the river. There was no vessel with which to resist them, as all those of the Spanish fleet were in the provinces of the Pintados. The Chinese rebels entered the Parián, the Chinese quarter, and furiously assaulted the city gate, but were driven back by the arquebuses and muskets of the Spanish defenders, with the loss of many Chinese. The Chinese were unable to take the walls of Manila, but remained in the parián and at Dilao until the return of part of the Spanish fleet forced them to abandon those locations. The Spanish burned everything in the parián.The Chinese now retreated from the environs of Manila. The majority fortified themselves in the mountains of San Pablo and Batangas, burning everything in their path. There they intended to await reinforcements from China. Many other Chinese, however, were killed by the Spanish around Manila or on the retreat. The governor sent Captain Cristoval <mask> Menchaca with soldiers to pursue and finish the enemy. He left with 200 Spaniards — soldiers and volunteers — 300 Japanese, and 1,500 Pampanga and Tagál Filipinos, on October 20, 1603. He was so expeditious that with little or no loss of men, he found the Sangleys fortified in San Pablo and Batangas, and, after fighting with them, killed and destroyed them all.None escaped, except two hundred, who were taken alive to Manila for the galleys. This assault took 20 days, and with it the war was ended. At the beginning of the war there were not seven hundred Spaniards in the city capable of bearing arms. More than 5,000 Chinese were thought to have been killed. After the war Manila was in great need, for not having Sangleys to work at the trades and bring in all the provisions, there was no food, nor shoes, nor other provisions, not even at excessive prices. In June of this year two vessels were sent from Manila to New Spain. The flagship was the Nuestra Señora de los Remedios and the other vessel was the San Antonio.Many rich men of Manila, frightened by the past troubles, took passage in these vessels (especially the San Antonio) with their households and property, with the greatest wealth that had ever left the Philippines. Both vessels experienced such severe storms during the voyage, that the flagship, without masts and greatly lightened and damaged, put back in distress to Manila. The San Antonio was swallowed up in the sea, and no one was saved. The second expedition to the Moluccas
The Dutch had now encroached on the Moluccas, largely displacing the Portuguese and establishing forts and trading posts. <mask> <mask> assembled a fleet ("which consisted of five ships, four galleys with poop-lanterns (galeras de fanal), three galliots, four champans, three funeas, two English lanchas, two brigantines, one barca chata for the artillery, and thirteen fragatas with high freeboard") in Pintados. There were 1,300 Spaniards, including volunteers. There were also some Portuguese survivors of the Dutch occupation of Tidore, 400 Filipinos, a quantity of artillery and ammunition, and provisions for nine months.The governor sailed at the head of the expedition. While he was away, Manila was left in charge of the Audiencia. On March 15, 1606 this fleet sailed from Pintados. It arrived in Tidore later that month, where the local king welcomed them. The king complained of mistreatment by the Sultan Saidi Berkat, an ally of the Dutch on Terrenate. Reinforced with some boats and 600 men supplied by the king (and the king himself), on March 31 the fleet set out for Ternate. On April 1, after much fighting, the town and fort of Terrenate fell to the Spanish, and the Dutch and Moros fled.The Moros soon came to make peace and do homage to the king of Spain. Leaving garrisons at Tidore (100 soldiers) and Ternate (500), the Spanish sailed back to Manila. With them were the king of Terrenate, his son, and other nobles. These individuals were well treated and shown every honor, but they were hostages. The governor entered Manila in triumph with the fleet on May 31, 1606. The first Japanese insurrection
During the governor's absence in the Moluccas, the royal Audiencia of the islands governed in Manila. The Audiencia wished to drive a number of Japanese from the city, but when this was attempted and force employed, the Japanese resisted, and the matter came to such a pass that they took arms to oppose it.It became necessary for the Spaniards to do likewise. The affair assumed threatening proportions, and some on each side wished to give battle. However, battle was postponed by various means until, through the efforts of certain religious, the Japanese were quieted. Afterward as many as possible were embarked in vessels, much against their will. This had been a great danger to Manila, for the Spaniards were few in number, and the Japanese more than 1,500, and spirited. End of his term in office
Governor <mask> <mask> died in Manila in 1606, soon after his return from the Moluccas, and the Audiencia again took over the government. <mask> <mask> died very suddenly, and there were suspicions he had been poisoned.He had accumulated considerable wealth during his administration, and as a result was subjected to a juicio de residencia (grievance tribunal), as his predecessor had been. After his death, his property was confiscated by the Audiencia under <mask> Vivero y Velasco. Vivero was sent by the viceroy of New Spain in 1608 to assume temporary charge of the government and to investigate the colonial officials. References

 History of the Philippine Islands by Dr. <mask> Morga (1907), Chapter VII, "Of the government of Don <mask> Acuña". This work is also available at Project Gutenberg:

External links
The residencias against Tello and <mask> de Acuña
Relations with Japan

1606 deaths
Captains General of the Philippines
Year of birth unknown

masks:
Pedro Bravo de Acuña
Bravo de Acuña
Francisco de Tello de Guzmán
Bravo de
Acuña
Bravo de
Acuña
de Jesús
Bravo
Bravo
Bravo
Bravo
Antonio de
Bravo
de Mendoça
de Mendoça
Bravo de
Acuña
Bravo
de Men
de Vera
Bravo
de Aqueta
Bravo de
Acuña
Bravo de
Acuña
Bravo de
Acuña
Rodrigo de
Antonio de
Pedro de
Bravo


title: Robert Davine

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; April 5, 1924 – November 25, 2001) was an internationally recognized concert accordionist and Professor of Accordion and Music Theory at the University of Denver's Lamont School of Music. As the chairman of the Department of Accordion for three decades, he is credited with establishing one of the few collegiate academic programs in advanced accordion studies offered in the United States during the 1950s. His concert performances of 20th century classical music with leading orchestras and chamber ensembles helped to demonstrate the accordion's suitability as an orchestral instrument on the modern concert hall stage. Biography

Early life and education

<mask>e initiated his musical education on the piano as a young child. He was first exposed to the accordion at the age of ten. During the 1930s he encountered an accordionist who served as an accompanist in a Spanish dance troupe. The sight of the accompanist performing such an exotic instrument intrigued the young musician and his life long interest with the accordion took flight.As Davine grew older, performances of contemporary popular music in school concerts became more frequent. Davine's interest in classical music developed during his last years in high school while he was exposed to transcriptions of classical music. Private lessons with several noted accordionists and composers of the early 20th century in America soon followed. They included such musicians as: Joseph Biviano, <mask>, John Kirkland, Joseph Mann, Anthony Pennetti, Andrew  Rizzo, and John Serry in New York City. His interest in the integration of the accordion into the chamber music ensemble was encouraged by a Belgian violinist while he studied trumpet as an undergraduate student at Northwestern University. Davine completed his Bachelor of Arts in Music as well as his Masters of Music degrees in Chicago, Illinois at Northwestern University. Career
<mask> emerged as the founder of the Lamont School of Music's Department of Accordion in the 1950s where he established and chaired an advanced course of study leading to an Artist Diploma in Concert Accordion Performance.During this time he married his wife Jacqueline in 1954. He also appeared in Chicago with the noted cellist Ennio Bolognini at Orchestra Hall and was invited to join the Mantovani Orchestra on its first tour in the United States. In addition, he concertized as a staff musician on WGN in Chicago during this time

By 1969 <mask>'s artistry achieved international recognition. He eagerly traveled to Paris where he supervised a summer program of music studies in classical accordion and chamber music at the Paris American Academy. International interest in his artistry extended beyond Europe into the Far East as well. In 1984 he was one of the first academic scholars of music in America who were invited to contribute to the development of a modern program of instruction for the accordion in the People's Republic of China by the Chinese Musicians Association and the Ministry of Culture. Davine noted during his visit that the accordion apparently enjoyed widespread popularity in China by surviving the cultural revolution as a result of its widespread utilization in the performance of traditional revolutionary songs by choirs.Consequently, during his concert tour Davine emphasized contemporary 20th century music from America and Europe, conducted Master Classes on modern accordion performance technique and shared his insights into modern musical harmonic theory as conceptualized in the western world. Davine continued to serve on the faculty of the Lamont School of Music during the 1980s and the 1990s. During this time he performed works from the classical repertoire by David Diamond. Cecil Effinger, Hans Lang and Matyas Seiber. He also premiered works for accordion by leading 20th century composers including: Normand Lockwood, Dick Boyell, and Max Di Julio. His research interests included academic studies into the Tango, as well as the compilation of an annotated bibliography of composers and their works for accordion. In recognition of his musicianship and his talent for educating students of several generations, the University of Denver awarded Davine its Distinguished Teaching Award in 1999.He was also honored by his alma mater as a recipient of Northwestern University's Distinguished Alumnus certificate in 1997. <mask>'s musical interests also extended beyond the university campus. During the course of his extensive career as a concert artist, <mask>e appeared with several notable orchestral ensembles including: Denver Symphony Orchestra, Denver Chamber Orchestra, Mantovani Orchestra, Aspen Music Festival Orchestra, Da Vinci Quartet, Lake Superior Chamber Orchestra, Lamont Chamber Players, the Norwegian Broadcasting Co. and the Paganini String Quartet. He also concertized as a staff accordionist for the NBC network in Denver and the WGN network in Chicago. As a member of the faculty at the Lamont School of Music he appeared in six to eight concerts per year. Included among his compositions is a  Divertimento for Flute, Clarinet, Bassoon and Accordion. Death

<mask>e passed away on November 25, 2001.Works

Included among <mask>'s works are several transcriptions of classical music for accordion  as well as the following original compositions:
  Divertimento for Flute, Clarinet, Bassoon and Accordion. Discography

<mask>'s legacy as a recording artist includes several albums produced in Philadelphia as a member of the Montavani Orchestra in the 1950s as well as the following albums:

 <mask>e Accordion with the Lamont String Quartet and James Carroll String Bass - Snow Records (S106, 1979)
 The Concert Accordion Artistry of <mask> - Crystal Records (CD 160, 1995)
 Tango! : The Spirit of Argentina- ASV/Living Era/White Line (CDWHL 2148, 2005)

References

External links

 <mask> on worldcat.org
 <mask> on allmusic.org

2001 deaths

American classical accordionists

20th-century accordionists
American classical composers
University of Denver faculty
Northwestern University alumni

1924 births

masks:
Robert Davine
Aubrey Robert Davine
Robert Davin
Robert Delaney
Robert Davine
Robert Davine
Robert Davine
Robert Davin
Robert Davin
Robert Davine
Robert Davine
Robert Davin
Robert Davine
Robert Davine
Robert Davine


title: Charlotte Laws

texts:
<mask> (born May 11, 1960) is an American author, talk show host, animal rights advocate, anti-revenge porn activist, former Los Angeles politician, and actress (under the stage name <mask>). <mask> is a former BBC News contributor and was an Emmy-nominated weekly commentator on KNBC-TV's The Filter with Fred Roggin from 2009 to 2013. She was also a co-host on the Internet show Every Way Woman from 2008 - 2013 and hosted a local television show called Uncommon Sense from October 2007 to September 2010. <mask> is a former member of the Greater Valley Glen Council in Valley Glen, California. She was termed out of office in 2012, after serving four two-year terms. In May 2006, <mask> was appointed by Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa to serve on the city's 912 Commission, also known as the Neighborhood Council Review Commission. <mask> is the founder and president of two organizations: the Directors of Animal Welfare (DAW) and the League for Earth and Animal Protection (LEAP).In 2006, <mask> was the recipient of the Los Angeles Animal Humanitarian Award. <mask> is a vegan and an advocate of that diet. Biography

Education

After completing high school at The Lovett School in Atlanta, Georgia, <mask> attended the University of Florida in Gainesville and the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She moved to Los Angeles in 1981 and completed bachelor's degrees in Theatre (1985) and Philosophy (1996) at California State University, Northridge (CSUN). She earned two master's degrees from the University of Southern California (USC) in Professional Writing (1986) and in Social Ethics (1997), as well as a Ph.D. in Social Ethics (2000) from the University of Southern California. In 2003, she completed post-doctoral coursework at Oxford University, England. Acting and writing career

<mask> studied acting at the Academy Theatre of Atlanta, Joe Bernard's Acting Studio in Las Vegas and the Estelle Harman Actors Workshop in Los Angeles.She worked as a model and actress in movies and television until her late 20s. She has performed as a stand-up comic at The Comedy Store in Los Angeles. In 1988, <mask> authored the book Meet the Stars, which details how the average person can succeed in the entertainment industry. She promoted the book on Larry King Live, Oprah Winfrey, The Late Show, and over a hundred radio and television shows throughout America and Canada. From 1997 to 2000, <mask> wrote for the British magazine Mad Dogs and Englishmen and since then has become a syndicated columnist. Her articles on current events, politics, philosophy and social issues have been published in the "Los Angeles Daily News," "E the Environmental Magazine," "The Huffington Post," "Opinion Editorials," "Los Angeles Times," Jezebel (website), "Gawker," "Newsweek," "Salon (website)," the New York Daily News, and "The Washington Post." On April 11, 2015, <mask>' memoir titled Rebel in High Heels was released.The book details her fight against revenge porn and the first 22 years of her life. Her book Devil in the Basement was released on March 14, 2018. This nonfiction novel is about <mask>' grandfather, who devil worshipper Ernie Yost murdered in 1948. The book also spotlights the rampant prejudice directed at Italian-Americans in the early twentieth century and delves into the real-life romance between <mask>’ great aunt Rose and Vito Giacalone, a former Detroit mobster and prime suspect in the death of labor union leader, Jimmy Hoffa. On August 15, 2019, <mask>'s second memoir, "Undercover Debutante: The Search for My Birth Parents and a Bald Husband," was published. The book won a Publishers Weekly book award and covers <mask>' life from age 22 until 39. The book explains how the author tracked down her birth family and found a husband after a number of disastrous boyfriends.It also includes some of the author's celebrity escapades. <mask> plays Human #46 on the 2020 Netflix series 100 Humans. Activism against revenge porn
In January 2012, after an unreleased topless photo of <mask>' daughter, Kayla, was posted on the revenge porn website Is Anyone Up?, <mask> began an investigation of Hunter Moore, who ran the site. She contacted the FBI who launched their own investigation of Moore and his website. <mask> determined a large number of the photos on the site had been hacked. She contacted dozens of victims and became known as the "Erin Brockovich of revenge porn." <mask> detailed her revenge porn battle in an article published on Jezebel.Her experiences were further detailed in her book, Rebel in High Heels, which was released in April 2015. Moore removed his website in the midst of the FBI investigation, but announced on November 28, 2012, that he would start a new site that would include address information. This prompted <mask> to make Moore's home address public on Twitter and Moore threatened to ruin her life. She soon received death threats, computer viruses, and a stalker appearing at her home. Internet hackers professing to be affiliated with Anonymous came to her aid, hacking into his servers and posting his personal information on the Internet. The FBI arrested Hunter Moore and his hacker, Charles Evens of Studio City, California, who went under the alias of "Gary Jones", on January 23, 2014. On February 18, 2015, it was announced that Moore would plead guilty to federal computer hacking and identity theft charges.He faced up to 7 years in prison and a $500,000 fine. He received two and a half years in federal prison. With no plea deal in place and facing 42 years in prison, Moore's hacker, Charlie Evens, confessed his crimes to CNN on tape at <mask>' house during an interview that CNN was filming with <mask>. The taped confession aired on April 27, 2015. Evens received 26 months in federal prison. On June 4, 2013, <mask> gave testimony before the California State Senate in favor of SB 255, a law designed to protect victims from revenge porn or "cyber rape," a term <mask> coined. The bill was sponsored by State Senator Anthony Cannella of Modesto, CA and was signed into law on October 1, 2013, making California the second state to pass a law designed to help victims of nonconsensual pornography.Until 2018, <mask> was a board member of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI), an organization dedicated to helping victims of online harassment. Since 2012, <mask> has been meeting with state and federal legislators, urging them to pass laws to protect victims. In 2017, Speier and several other legislators, introduced the Ending Nonconsensual Online User Graphic Harassment (ENOUGH) Act., A federal bill called The SHIELD Act (Stopping Harmful Image Exploitation and Limiting Distribution) was later introduced in 2019. In addition to pushing for a federal anti-revenge porn law, <mask> has recently been tackling the problem of deep fake pornography and sextortion. She claims to have assisted over 500 victims of nonconsensual pornography, morphed porn (or deep fakes) and sextortion since the inception of her activism in 2012. Political commentator

<mask> is a political analyst and has worked as a BBC News contributor since 2015. She has also made appearances on the Al Jazeera network, and participated in a Reddit AMA in September 2015 with Rick Wilson (political consultant).<mask> was the first person to publicly discuss “hidden Trump supporters” and to call Trump a feminist and a pacifist. Some of her controversial articles about Trump and politics have appeared in The Huffington Post and The Daily Caller. In 2019, she stated she was supporting Cory Booker and Tulsi Gabbard for the 2020 election. Bill Cosby scandal

On November 30, 2014, <mask> spoke out about her "34-year-old Bill Cosby secret." In a Salon article, she detailed her experiences with Mr. Cosby and a friend she calls "Sandy." <mask> claims that Mr. Cosby drugged "Sandy" in 1981 and had sex with her. <mask> was interviewed on the Dr. Drew Show on December 1, 2014 about this issue.In a Fox News interview, <mask> pondered whether Cosby has somnophilia. Gay rights activism
In March 2015, <mask> came to defend the LGBTQ communities when a Southern California attorney proposed a statewide ballot initiative that permitted the execution of gays by "bullets to the head or any other convenient method." The initivate was called the Sodomite Suppression Act. In response to what was seen as a vicious and repugnant attack on LGBTQ people, <mask> registered a rebuttal initiative with the Attorney General's office, titled "The Intolerant Jackass Act". <mask>’ proposal called for sensitivity training and a steep fine for anyone submitting a state initiative related to the killing of gays. In June 2015, the initiative was cleared to move forward, but <mask> said that she did not plan to gather signatures, adding "I'm glad my proposal made an impact. My intent was to send a message and support gay rights.[The proposal] has served its purpose." Party crashing
<mask> was voted the fourth most notorious party crasher in the world, beating Bill Murray, Queen Elizabeth II, Serena Williams, Lady Gaga, and the Salahis. She says gate crashing began as a hobby when she was a teenager but later became a creative way to get face time with business leaders, politicians, and A-list celebrities in order to lobby for legislation, get exclusive interviews, and obtain business partners. She has crashed the Secret Service four times. <mask>’ 1988 how-to book, Meet the Stars, is believed to be the first party crashing book ever written. <mask> also includes some of her gatecrashing techniques in her memoirs Rebel in High Heels (2015) and Undercover Debutante (2019). Personal life
<mask>, a former Atlanta debutante, was adopted at birth and tracked down her birthparents in her late twenties.<mask> has revealed that she has never had a glass of alcohol or tried illegal drugs or a cigarette. Prior to acting and writing, <mask> was employed in a number of other jobs. She was a cab driver, private investigator, bodyguard, backup singer for an Elvis imitator, nurse, fashion designer, aerobics instructor, antiques shop owner, and president of a mid-size legal corporation. <mask> was a lecturer for the FBI in Quantico, Virginia in 2006 and has also been a licensed realtor since 1987. In April 2015, <mask> went public about her three-year romance with singer Tom Jones in her memoir, Rebel in High Heels. She says he was her first boyfriend and that she dated him from age 18 until age 21. She married English barrister and California attorney Charles Parselle in the 1990s and has a daughter named Kayla <mask>, who is an actress.She also has three rescue dogs and six rescue chickens and calls herself a Jewish Jain. <mask>’ father-in-law, Thomas Parselle, was captured by the Nazis during World War II, transported to a German POW camp and witness to the notorious break-out attempt as depicted in the movie, The Great Escape. In 2012, <mask>' chicken, Mae Poulet, was a write-in vice presidential candidate. A dog selected her from Tennessee to be his running mate on the Bully ticket. Mae Poulet was also involved in a 2011 fundraiser with actress Natalie Portman and actor Jason Alexander to raise money for poultry in need. In March 2013, Mae Poulet was inducted into the National Museum of Animals and Society. <mask>' grandfather, Tucker Moroose (a lawyer and aspiring U.S.Senator), was murdered by a devil worshipper in Fairmont, West Virginia in 1948. The story is detailed in <mask>' book, Devil in the Basement. In July 2019, <mask> admitted in an article that she committed a crime which may have violated the Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act when she conspired to rescue pigeons. Bibliography
 <mask>, Missy. Meet the Stars. Ross Books, 1988, . <mask>, Charlotte."Jains, the ALF, and the ELF: Antagonists or Allies?" Igniting a Revolution: Voices in Defense of Mother Earth, edited by Steven Best and Anthony J. Nocella. AK Press, 2006. .
 <mask>, Charlotte. ARMed for Ideological Warfare. <mask>, Charlotte. "The Jain Center of Southern California" A Call to Compassion: Religious Perspectives on Animal Advocacy, edited by Anthony J. Nocella and Lisa Kemmerer. Lantern Books, March 2011. .
 <mask>, Charlotte."Omniocracy" Uncaged: Top Activists Share Their Wisdom on Effective Farm Animal Advocacy, edited by Ben Davidow. Davidow Press, March 2013. ASIN: B00C0NF36G. <mask>, <mask>. "Recipe for Cooperation: Omniocracy and the Definitional Good." Animals and the Environment: Advocacy, activism and the quest for common ground, edited by Lisa Kemmerer. Routledge, April 28, 2015. .
 <mask>, <mask>."Rebel in High Heels: True story about the fearless mom who battled—and defeated—the kingpin of revenge porn and the dangerous forces of conformity." Stroud House Publishing, 2015, . <mask>, Charlotte. "Devil in the Basement: White Supremacy, Satanic Ritual, and My Family" Stroud House Publishing, 2018
 <mask>, Charlotte. "Undercover Debutante: The Search for my Birth Parents and a Bald Husband" Stroud House Publishing, August 2019. See also
 List of animal rights advocates
 Party for the Animals
 Marianne Thieme

References

External links

1960 births
American bloggers
American Jains
Living people
California State University, Northridge alumni
University of Southern California alumni
California city council members
University of Florida alumni
American women bloggers
Converts to Jainism
Women city councillors in California
Activists from California
The Lovett School alumni
21st-century American women

masks:
Charlotte Anne Laws
Missy Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
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Laws
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Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Charlotte Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
Laws
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Laws
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Charlotte
Laws
Charlotte
Laws
Laws


title: Jean Boniface Textoris

texts:
<mask> was a military surgeon, chief doctor of the French Navy, born on 24 February 1773 in Toulon and died on 3 September 1828 in Néoules in the Var. Joining the Navy in 1787, at the age of 14, he rose through the ranks of Navy surgeon, operating during 16 years on most of the major ships of the Ancien Régime and of the French Revolutionary Wars. Received doctor at the Montpellier Faculty of Medicine in 1803, he was appointed Chief Medical Officer of the squadron shortly after the advent of the First Empire under the command of Admiral de Latouche-Tréville, then on his death, under the command of Admiral de Villeneuve on the Bucentaure. In this capacity, he took part in the battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) where he was recognised for his devotion to wounded sailors. For a few years, he still embarked on hospital ships, but, in 1811, weakened by his health, he applied for a position as an instructor and was appointed to the Army training ship, the Duquesne. As this service was abolished after the fall of Napoleon I, he was appointed to the direction of the Navy's health services in the port of Marseille, where he ended his career. He died in a small village in the Haut-Var.Biography
His father was <mask> <mask>, a Navy surgeon, and his mother, Henriette Brémond. He married Marie Elisabeth Jaume. Their daughter Sophie Héloïse (1805-1836) married Fortuné Joseph César Racord, a surgeon at the French hospital in Smyrna from 1836 to 1849. Old Regime and Revolution
As soon as 12 June 1787, <mask> <mask> was employed in the Navy hospitals in Toulon as an auxiliary surgeon. Attached to the health service of the bagne of Toulon, he caught typhus imported by a chaîne (chain) of convicts who arrived at that time. On September 12, 1790, he became a surgical assistant on the frigate the Minerve which was sent to the Adriatic to observe its coasts and positions. The campaign of this frigate corresponded to the naval stations of the navy to ensure the French presence in the eastern Mediterranean and the security of its trade in the Levant.During this trip, he took notes that would later form the basis of the dissertation he will read on the antiquities of the island of Thasos, at the Academy of Toulon, of which he will be one of the founders and the first secretary. He was appointed surgeon major on 14 March 1791 on the brig Chasseur until 3 June 1792 and then on the corvette Brune until 17 September 1792, then the frigate Sensible and finally the frigate Iris until 12 March 1793 as second surgeon, then on the Duquesne as surgeon major until 17 May 1794. He then served on the 12 Vestale frigate (18 May to 29 September 1794), the ship Berwick (5 April to 14 May 1795), the Aquilon (15 May to 3 June 1795), the Jemmapes (1796), the Tonnant until 25 April 1798. In this capacity he participated in the fall of the Republic of Venice. On his return to Toulon, he treated the crews of Vice-Admiral François Paul de Brueys d'Aigalliers' squadron at the Toulon lazaret and contracted the "reigning disease" himself. Promoted to the rank of first class surgeon on 2 July 1801, he was at the same time ordered to go to Cadiz to be attached to the naval division of Rear Admiral Dumanoir le Pelley. On arrival at his destination, he was given the task of running the hospital in Algesiras where the many wounded from the second battle of Algeciras were kept.From 19 July 1801 to 1 January 1802 it was embarked on the Annibal. On his return from Cadiz, he locked himself up again in the lazaret because he had again contracted the "reigning disease". He then embarked on the brig the Speedy (1 January 1802), the ship Formidable (6 April 1803), the ship Bucentaure (14 September 1803 to 16 August 1804) under the command of Vice-Admiral Louis-René-Madeleine de Latouche-Tréville. On 18 May 1803, he was awarded a doctorate in medicine at the Faculty of Medicine in Montpellier, where his inaugural thesis was on scurvy. Empire
Textoris re-embarked on the Formidable on 7 August 1804 with the title of chief doctor of the squadron under the orders of Vice-Admiral de Latouche-Tréville (died 19 August 1804), then again on the flagship Bucentaure from 24 October 1804 to 23 October 1805, under the command of Vice-Admiral de Villeneuve, where he became surgeon major on 28 March 1805. In this capacity, he took part in the battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805. The officers of the health service, under the orders of Textoris, were distributed as follows:
Clément, 1st class health officer on board the Neptune.Bodran, health officer 1st class on board the Indomptable. Martiny, health officer 1st class aboard the Redoutable. Lerebourg, health officer 1st class aboard the Héros. Lefort, health officer 1st class on board the Formidable. Peyron aboard the Scipion, Truc aboard the Intrépide, Landon aboard the Dugay-Trouin, Barale aboard the Mont-Blanc, Laborde aboard the Algésiras, Descarrière aboard the Fougueux, Fournier aboard the Pluton, Fichet aboard the Aigle, Delivet aboard the Argonaute, Lasserre aboard the Berwick, Saint-Hilaire aboard the Achille, Grillon aboard the Cornélie, Dumonteuil aboard the Hermione, Isnard aboard the Hortense, Guigou aboard the Rhin, Pépin aboard the Thémis, Daudi aboard the Furet, Mercey aboard the Observateur. When the French flagship surrendered to the enemy with Admiral Villeneuve on board, the ship was very heavily damaged, almost dismasted, and covered with corpses and wounded. Taken in tow by the , the Bucentaure broke her towing cable.The French officers still on board took the ship from the British and, despite the state of the ship, set course for Cadiz in the middle of a storm. In the early morning, while in sight of the port, she ran aground in the swell, and despite attempts to lighten and free her, the ship began to sink. Some 450 survivors found refuge on the Indomptable which came to the rescue. On board the Indomptable there were more than 1200 men (crew and survivors of the Bucentaure). On the evening of 23 October, the storm broke her anchors and drove her back to the coast. Only 150 men were saved. On 28 October 1805, <mask> embarked on the ship Héros as chief doctor of the Navy then passed with the same title on the hospital transport Achille on 21 April 1806, chartered to Cadiz to take to Toulon the wounded of Admiral François Étienne de Rosily-Mesros' naval army.On 24 July 1807, he was on the Commerce de Paris until 22 January 1808. However, his health, weakened by years of a service made him desire a sedentary position; he was requested and obtained an assignment in the maritime hospitals. He re-embarked from 27 September 1811 to 12 August 1815 on the training ship Duquesne anchored in the port of Toulon. He was assigned to the training of officer cadets. <mask> <mask> was to meet his son Marius, a young aspirant freshly graduated from his college in Draguignan. Bourbon Restoration
<mask> <mask> passed through the port of Marseille in 1816, where he was in charge of the health service. In 1821, following the yellow fever epidemic in Catalonia the inhabitants of Marseilles have taken fright.<mask>, wanting to reassure them, read an "Overview on yellow fever" at a meeting of the Royal Medical Society of Marseille on 19 October 1821. He was appointed vice-president and then president of the same academy on November 8, 1823. Suffering from ophthalmia, followed by supra-orbital neuralgia and rheumatic pain, he was forced to ask for his retirement after thirty years of service. <mask> <mask> died at Néoules (Var) on 3 September 1828. Distinctions
  Knight of the Légion d'honneur (28  avril 1821). Works
 Étude des eaux (1826)
 Dissertation sur le scorbut (1803)

Notes

References

Bibliography

French military doctors
1773 births
1828 deaths
19th-century physicians
Military personnel from Toulon
Physicians from Toulon
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

masks:
Jean Boniface Textoris
Boniface
Textoris
Jean Boniface
Textoris
Textoris
Boniface
Textoris
Jean Boniface
Textoris
Textoris
Jean Boniface
Textoris


title: Greivis Vásquez

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<mask> (born January 16, 1987) is a former Venezuelan professional basketball player, who spent six seasons in the NBA. He is currently a coach, most recently working as the associate head coach for the Erie BayHawks of the NBA G League. <mask> also represented the Venezuelan national team in international competitions, as he was born in Caracas and moved to the United States to attend high school at Montrose Christian School in Rockville, Maryland in 2004. During his senior year at Montrose he committed to the University of Maryland to play under head coach Gary Williams. He was drafted in 2010 after a U.S. college career with the University of Maryland men's basketball team, where <mask> finished second on the Terrapins' all-time scoring list, with 2,171 career points. In 2007, <mask> played on the Venezuelan national basketball team in the FIBA America Championships. In his final college season of 2009–10, he was one of three Venezuelans playing in NCAA Division I men's basketball, with the others being David Cubillan of the Marquette Golden Eagles and Gregory Echenique of the Creighton Bluejays.Early life
<mask> grew up in Caracas, Venezuela, where he lived with his parents, Ivis Rodriguez and Gregorio <mask>, and brother, Ingerman Sanoya. His first name is a portmanteau of his parents' first names. After an impressive youth career in his country where he also led the Venezuelan U-15 National Team to the FIBA U-15 South American Championship title in 2003, he was selected to participate at the NBA Basketball Without Borders camp (2004) being a headliner at the event. He started to garner international attention and accepted a scholarship to continue his development in Maryland. At Montrose Christian, <mask> played under head coach Stu Vetter, and helped the Mustangs post a 43–5 record over his junior and senior seasons. While at Montrose Christian he played for coach Stu Vetter with future NBA star Kevin Durant. College career

Freshman year (2006–07)
In the beginning of his freshman year (2006–07), <mask> did not start for the Terps, but still played solid minutes.Midway through the season, he began starting at the 2 guard position, alongside fellow freshman Eric Hayes at the starting point guard position. He remained a starter for the rest of the season. He heavily contributed to the Terrapins' six-game winning streak at the end of the season, giving Maryland a #4 seed in the NCAA Tournament. <mask> averaged 9.8 points, 4.7 assists and 3.3 rebounds per game during his freshman season, and shooting percentages of 44.4 for field goals, 31.6 for three-pointers and 79.8 for free throws. Sophomore year (2007–08)
<mask> had per-game averages of 17 points, 6.8 assists and 5.7 rebounds, and shooting percentages of 43.2 for field goals, 30.9 for three-pointers and 78.2 for free throws. Junior year (2008–09)
As a junior, <mask> led the Terrapins in scoring (17.5), rebounds (5.4), assists (5.0), steals (1.4), and minutes (34.6) per game. He became the first Terrapin basketball player to ever lead the team in points, rebounds and assists in a single season, and only the sixth to accomplish that task in the ACC.On February 21, 2009, <mask> registered a then career-high 35 points, and 11 rebounds and 10 assists—Maryland's third triple-double in history and the first since 1987—in a come-from-behind 88–85 overtime win over North Carolina. At the end of his junior year, <mask> ranked seventh in scoring, third in free throw percentage (.867), third in assists per game, third in assist-to-turnover ratio (1.80) and fifth in minutes per game in the ACC. He reached double figures in scoring in 57 of his last 61 games, including each of his last 17. In Maryland's final ten games, he recorded five 20-point games. <mask> was named to the All-ACC second team at the close of the regular season. After the season, <mask> participated in NBA workouts, where he received mostly positive feedback from professional scouts. He twice met with coach Gary Williams and his Montrose Christian coach, Stu Vetter, to discuss his future.Three hours before the deadline, <mask> withdrew his name from the NBA Draft in order to return to Maryland for his senior season. Williams said, "He talked to about 14 or 15 teams and really got a good feel for his situation. I think he's made a great move. He returns as possibly the best guard in the ACC and one of the best guards in the country." Senior year (2009–10)
As a senior, <mask> averaged 19.6 points, 6.3 assists, 4.6 rebounds and 1.7 steals per game over 33 games. <mask> was the only player in the country to average more than 18 points and 6 assists per game. His honors included the 2010 Bob Cousy Award given by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame to the nation's best collegiate point guard, for which he edged out Sherron Collins (Kansas), Scottie Reynolds (Villanova), Jon Scheyer (Duke), Evan Turner (Ohio State) and John Wall (Kentucky).Against Georgia Tech on February 20, 2010, <mask> scored the 2,000th point of his collegiate career, making him the only player in ACC history to compile at least 2,000 points, 700 assists and 600 rebounds. The following week, <mask> set a new career scoring high with 41 points in the Terrapins' double-overtime victory at Virginia Tech. <mask> also scored 20 points in Maryland's home win over Duke on Senior Night, and made several critical baskets and assists in the final minutes to secure a victory. <mask> helped lead Maryland to a 13–3 conference record to tie Duke for the regular season ACC championship. He was named a unanimous first-team All-ACC selection on March 8, 2010, and the ACC Player of the Year on March 9, 2010, beating out Duke's Jon Scheyer and Virginia Tech's Malcolm Delaney. <mask> also won three ACC Player of the Week honors in his final season, which brought his career total to seven. <mask> was named a consensus second-team All-American.Throughout the regular season of his rookie year, <mask> received spot minutes and scored in double digits only twice, but he gained extensive playing time in the 2011 NBA Playoffs. Memphis faced the first-seeded San Antonio Spurs in the first round, where the Grizzlies won their first postseason game in franchise history. In Game Four, <mask> substituted for starting point guard Mike Conley, who had gotten into foul trouble. During his 13 minutes of playing time, he had nine points and two assists as Memphis won, 104–86. Memphis advanced to meet the four-seeded Oklahoma City Thunder in the Conference Semifinals, where <mask> faced off with his former Montrose Christian classmate, Kevin Durant. The Thunder would win the series. In the 2011 offseason, <mask> took part in a United States State Department sponsored trip to his native Venezuela to hold clinics and meet with sports officials.New Orleans Hornets (2011–2013)
On December 24, 2011, <mask> was traded to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Quincy Pondexter. On February 1, 2012 against the Phoenix Suns, Vasquez recorded 20 points and 12 assists off the bench. Vasquez received his first set of starts for the Hornets after a sore knee injury to Hornets guard Jarrett Jack. Vasquez received the starting job as point guard for the Hornets in the 2012–13 NBA season. On November 23, 2012, Vasquez tallied 25 points and 14 assists (both career highs) in a loss to the Phoenix Suns. On January 1, 2013, Vasquez earned Western Conference Player of the Week honors. On February 8, 2013, in the game against the Atlanta Hawks, Vasquez scored 21 points, dished out 12 assists, and had 11 rebounds to secure his first career NBA triple-double

Vasquez finished the 2012–13 season as the league leader in total assists, with 704, and finished second in voting for the NBA Most Improved Player award.Sacramento Kings (2013)
On July 10, 2013, Vasquez was traded to the Sacramento Kings in a three-team deal that also involved the Portland Trail Blazers. Toronto Raptors (2013–2015)

On December 9, 2013, the Kings traded <mask>, along with Patrick Patterson, John Salmons, and Chuck Hayes to the Toronto Raptors for Rudy Gay, Quincy Acy, and Aaron Gray. On July 17, 2014, <mask> re-signed with the Raptors to a reported two-year, $13 million contract. On April 18, 2015, <mask> hit a game tying three-pointer with 25 seconds left in Game 1 of the Eastern Conference quarter-finals. Milwaukee Bucks (2015–2016)
On June 25, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for the draft rights to Norman Powell and a protected 2017 first-round pick. He made his debut for the Bucks in the team's season opener against the New York Knicks on October 28, recording 15 points, 7 rebounds and 5 assists in a 122–97 loss. On December 15, he underwent successful surgery to remove a bone spur and loose bodies from his right ankle.He was subsequently ruled out for three to four months. Brooklyn Nets (2016)
On July 13, 2016, <mask> signed with the Brooklyn Nets. On November 9, 2016, he was waived by the Nets after appearing in three games. Venezuela's National Team career
After winning at the U-15 level in 2003, <mask> was called up for the U-21 Venezuelan NT for the 2004 U-21 Americas Tournament being four years under the tournament's age. Those were his only appearances on the youth national team setup. <mask> made his Senior National Team debut in 2007 during the 2007 FIBA Americas Championship in Las Vegas while being a sophomore at the University of Maryland. He was the second leading scorer of his squad averaging 12.1 points per game, third in rebounds with 4.1 per game and second best in assists with 3.3 Ast per contest.Venezuela finished 8th (2-6 record) out of 10 ten participating teams. His ascent was headlined during the 2011 FIBA Americas Championship, where he carried the Venezuelan team to a 5th-place finish. Already an NBA player, <mask> was the second best scorer of the tournament with 19.3 PPG and first in assists with 5.8 APG. Coaching career
On August 15, 2019, the New Orleans Pelicans announced that <mask> would serve as the associate head coach for the Erie BayHawks.

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