title: Joshua Jebb

texts:
<mask>,  (8 May 1793 – 26 June 1863) was a Royal Engineer and the British Surveyor-General of convict prisons. He participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain during the War of 1812, and surveyed a route between Ottawa River and Kingston where Lake Ontario flows into Saint Lawrence River. However, his route was not followed by Colonel By in building the Rideau Canal. <mask> was also involved in designing prisons and related buildings, including Pentonville Prison, Woking Convict Invalid Prison, Broadmoor Hospital, a secure mental hospital in Crowthorne in Berkshire, and Mountjoy Prison in the centre of Dublin. <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> of Walton, Derbyshire and his wife Dorothy, daughter of General Henry Gladwin of Stubbing Court. <mask> was born at Chesterfield on 8 May 1793. After passing through the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 July 1812.He was promoted to first lieutenant on 21 July 1813, and embarked for Canada in the following October. He served with the army under the command of General Francis de Rottenburg on the frontier of Lower Canada until the summer of 1814, when he joined the army of Lieutenant-general Sir George Prevost in the United States, and took part in the campaign of the autumn of 1814. He was present at the Battle of Plattsburgh, 11 September 1814, and was thanked in general orders. In 1816, he completed a survey for a canal which was designed to allow access to the Canadian heartland. He returned to England in 1820, after an extended service in Canada. He was stationed at Woolwich and afterwards at Hull until December 1827, when he embarked for the West Indies. He was promoted second captain on 26 February 1828, and was invalided home in September 1829.Having recovered his health he was sent to Chatham. <mask> was appointed adjutant of the royal sappers and miners at Chatham on 11 February 1831, and promoted first captain on 10 January 1837. In 1837 inquiries conducted in America by William Crawford (1788–1847) led to the adoption of the "separate system" of prison discipline. <mask> was appointed Surveyor-General of prisons, in order to provide the home office with a technical adviser on the construction of prisons. He was employed in designing county and borough prisons, and was associated with the inspectors, Crawford and the Reverend William Whitworth Russell, in the design and construction of the "Model Prison" at Pentonville. <mask> continued in his military duties, and was quartered at Birmingham until he was seconded on 20 September 1839, and his services entirely devoted to civil work. On 10 March 1838 he had been appointed by the Lord President of the council to hold inquiries on the grants of charters of incorporation to Bolton and Sheffield, and on 21 May of the same year he was made a member of the commission on the municipal boundary of Birmingham.On 23 November 1841 he received a brevet majority for his past services, and on 29 June 1843 he was made a commissioner for the government of Pentonville Prison. The decline of transportation forced the Government to create an alternative method of punishing criminals. Commencing with a period of strict separation at Pentonville, the convicts were passed to one of the prisons specially constructed with a view to their employment upon public works. For this purpose <mask> designed the prison at Portland. Similar prisons were subsequently erected at Dartmoor, Chatham, Portsmouth and Isle of Wight. In 1843-4 <mask> erected a terrace of houses, part of Parkhurst Prison on the Isle of Wight - Nichollson Street, these are now listed buildings. In 1844, <mask> was appointed a member of a royal commission to report on the punishment of military crime by imprisonment.The commission recommended the establishment of prisons for the exclusive reception of military prisoners, and to be under the supervision of an officer to be termed inspector-general of military prisons, who should also supervise provost and regimental cells. <mask> was appointed to this office on 27 December 1844 in addition to his other duties, and since that date it has been held by the officer at the head of civil prisons, who has always been an officer of royal engineers. <mask> was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 16 April 1847. On 1 May 1849 his appointment as commissioner of Pentonville prison was renewed. In 1850, a board, called the Directors of Convict Prisons, was formed to replace the various bodies which had previously managed the different convict prisons. <mask> was appointed chairman of the board, and under his direction the progressive system was adopted and developed. Having served ten years in the civil employment of the state, Jebb had, in accordance with regulations, to return to military duty, or retire from the army.He chose the latter alternative, and left military service on full pay retirement on 1 January 1850. He subsequently received the honorary rank of colonel on 28 November 1854. He was made a KCB for his civil services on 25 March 1859. In 1861 and 1862 he served on commissions appointed to consider the construction of embankments of the River Thames, and of communications between the embankment at Blackfriars Bridge and the Mansion House, and between Westminster Bridge and Millbank. He died suddenly on 26 June 1863 in Charing Cross, London, coming off the omnibus from Parson's Green, where he resided , and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery. His successor as Survey General of Prisons was another Royal Engineers officer, Major Edmund Henderson. <mask> married twice; first, on 14 June 1830, to Mary Legh Thomas, daughter of William Burtinshaw Thomas, of Highfield, Derbyshire, who died in 1850, and by whom he had a son, <mask>, and three daughters.He was remarried on 5 September 1854, to Lady Amelia Rose Pelham, daughter of Thomas Pelham, the Earl of Chichester, who survived him. Major works
 'A Practical Treatise on Strengthening and Defending Outposts, Villages, Houses, Bridges, Chatham, 1836. Modern Prisons : their Construction and Ventilation, with plates, London, 1844. Notes on the Theory and Practice of Sinking Artesian Wells, 1844. Manual for the Militia, or Fighting made Easy : a Practical Treatise on Strengthening and Defending Military Posts in reference to the Duties of a Force engaged in Disputing the Advance of an Enemy, London, 1853. A Flying Shot at Fergusson and his " Perils of Portsmouth," " Invasion of England, pamphlet, London, 1853. A practical treatise on the Duties to be performed ... at a siege, 3rd Edition, London, William Clowes and Son, 1860, London
 Observations on the Defence of London, with Suggestions respecting the necessary Works, London, 1860.Reports and Observations on the Discipline and Management of Convict Prisons, edited by the Earl of Chichester, London, 1863. References

External links

 Catalogue of the Jebb papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics. 1793 births
1863 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
British Army personnel of the War of 1812
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
People from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
19th-century Australian public servants

masks:
Sir Joshua Jebb
Jebb
Life Jebb
Joshua Jebb
Joshua
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Jebb
Jebb
Jebb
Jebb
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Jebb
Jebb
Family Jebb
Joshua Gladwyn


title: James Vince

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 14 March 1991) is an English cricketer who is the captain for Hampshire County Cricket Club and plays for the England cricket team. <mask> was part of the England squad that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup. He is a right-handed middle-order batsman who is also a right-arm medium pace bowler. He made his international debut for England in May 2015. Early life and domestic career
<mask> was educated at Warminster School in Wiltshire, where he was a student from 2001 to 2007, before leaving to pursue a career as a professional cricketer. He was also a talented footballer who played for Reading Academy for 3 years before playing for Trowbridge Town F.C. at 16.A graduate from Hampshire's cricket academy, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the club at the start of 2009. He made his Championship debut on 11 June 2009 against Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. His batting performances earned him a call up to the England U-19 side for their Test series against Bangladesh. According to Duncan Fletcher, who acted as a consult for Hampshire and was the former coach of the England team, <mask> is reminiscent of former England batsman Michael Vaughan. Following the retirement of John Crawley during the 2009 season, <mask> has been a regular for Hampshire in all forms of the game. He was a member of Hampshire's 2010 Friends Provident t20 winning team which defeated Somerset. <mask> scored his maiden first-class century in a county championship against Yorkshire, scoring 180 runs in a 278 run stand with <mask>, which is the county's 4th highest partnership in first-class cricket.International career
<mask> made his One Day International debut for England against Ireland on 8 May 2015, and his Twenty20 International debut against Pakistan on 26 November 2015. He scored 41 in the first game of the T20I series as England won by 14 runs, and then scored 38 in the second as England won again. <mask> scored 46 in the final game as the scores finished tied and England won the Super Over. <mask> was named man of the series after his contributions in all three games. He played one game in the 2016 World T20, replacing the injured Alex Hales for the match against Afghanistan. <mask> scored 22 and England won the match. In May 2016, <mask> was named in the Test squad for Sri Lanka's tour of England, and won his first Test cap in the first Test at Headingley.However, in his first innings, he only scored 9 runs. In the second Test, <mask> scored 35 in England's first innings, and was not required to bat in the second as England won by nine wickets. <mask> played in the third and final Test of the series, scoring ten in the first innings before being dismissed for a duck in the second innings, as the match ended in a draw. He played in the final ODI match of the series, replacing the injured Alex Hales, and scored 51, helping England to reach 324 and win the match by 122 runs. He scored 16 in the only T20I match between the sides, which England won by eight wickets. <mask> kept his place for the Test series against Pakistan, and made 16 in the first innings of the first Test. He was dismissed for 42 in the second innings as England lost by 75 runs.In the second Test, he made 18 as England made 589/8 in their first innings and won the match by 330 runs. In the third Test, <mask> made 39 in England's first innings and followed this up with 42 in their second innings to help England reach 445/6 and secure victory by a margin of 141 runs. <mask> struggled in the final Test, making one in the first innings and being dismissed for a duck in the second innings as England lost by 10 wickets. <mask> scored 16 in the first ODI against Bangladesh, as England won by 21 runs. In the second match, he made 5 as England lost and Bangladesh levelled the series at 1-1. <mask> made his highest score in the final match of the series, scoring 32 as England chased down Bangladesh's target of 278 to win the series 2–1. On 21 May 2019, England finalised their squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, with <mask> named in the 15 man squad.On 29 May 2020, <mask> was named in a 55-man group of players to begin training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the COVID-19 pandemic. On 9 July 2020, <mask> was included in England's 24-man squad to start training behind closed doors for the ODI series against Ireland. On 27 July 2020, <mask> was named in England's squad for the ODI series. In the second match, <mask> took his first wicket in an ODI match, when he dismissed Ireland's captain Andrew Balbirnie. In July 2021, in the third match against Pakistan, <mask> scored his first century in ODI cricket, with 102 runs. England won the game by three wickets, with <mask> named the player of the match. In September 2021, <mask> was named as one of three travelling reserves in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.Franchise cricket
<mask> has played for a number of teams in overseas T20 competitions, including the Pakistan Super League, Australian Big Bash League, New Zealand's Super Smash and South Arica's Mzansi Super League. Pakistan Super League
In December 2015, <mask> was selected by Karachi Kings and on 5 February 2016, he debuted for Karachi against Lahore Qalandars. For the 2019 Pakistan Super League, <mask> was signed by Multan Sultans. In December 2019, he was retained by Multan Sultans and was assigned as a team ambassador. Big Bash League
In 2016, <mask> made his BBL debut for Sydney Thunder. He spent two seasons there before joining local rivals Sydney Sixers for their title winning 2019–20 Big Bash League season. The following season, <mask> was again part of Sydney's title-winning side, scoring 95 runs in the final.The Hundred
In 2021, he was drafted by Southern Brave for the inaugural season of The Hundred. He was also given the captaincy and under his leadership, Southern Brave won the first title of 'The Hundred' by beating Birmingham Phoenix in the finals. He was the highest run scorer for Southern Brave, scoring 229 runs in 10 matches. Career best performances

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Cuckfield
People educated at Warminster School
English cricketers
England Test cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup
Wiltshire cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
Hampshire cricket captains
Karachi Kings cricketers
Sydney Thunder cricketers
Auckland cricketers
Sydney Sixers cricketers
Multan Sultans cricketers
Paarl Rocks cricketers
Southern Brave cricketers
North v South cricketers
English footballers
Association footballers not categorized by position
Trowbridge Town F.C. players

masks:
James Michael Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
James Adams
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
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Vince


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts:
<mask>, 15th Baroness <mask> (née King-Noel; 22 September 1837 – 15 December 1917), known for most of her life as Lady <mask>, was co-founder, with her husband the poet Wilfrid Blunt, of the Crabbet Arabian Stud in England and the Sheykh Obeyd estate near Cairo. The two married on 8 June 1869. From the late 1870s, Wilfrid and Lady <mask> travelled extensively in Arabia and the Middle East, buying Arabian horses from Bedouin tribesmen and the Egyptian Ali Pasha Sherif. Among the great and influential horses they took to England were Azrek, Dajania, Queen of Sheba, Rodania and the famous Ali Pasha Sherif stallion Mesaoud. To this day, the vast majority of purebred Arabian horses trace their lineage to at least one Crabbet ancestor. Life and work
Lady <mask> was a daughter of William King, 1st Earl of Lovelace, and Hon. Augusta Ada Byron, the world's first computer programmer.Her maternal grandparents were the poet Lord Byron and Annabella Byron, 11th Baroness <mask>. In childhood, she was known as "Annabella," after the grandmother for whom she was named. Lady <mask> was fluent in French, German, Italian, Spanish and Arabic, a skilled violinist and a gifted artist who studied drawing with John Ruskin. She also had a lifelong love of horses, dating from childhood, and was an accomplished equestrienne. Her interest in the Arabian horse, combined with Wilfrid's interest in Middle Eastern politics, led to their mutual interest in saving the Arabian breed and thus their many journeys. Lady <mask> travelled extensively in the Middle East, and is particularly noted as the first European woman to ride through the Arabian desert to reach the city of Ha'il. The books Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates and A Pilgrimage to Nejd are attributed to her and were based on her journals, but were extensively edited by her husband.Her own voice comes through more clearly in her published journals. She owned a violin made by Stradivarius, since known as the Lady Blunt Stradivarius, though she was not the original owner. It was extensively refurbished in 1864 by Jean Baptiste Vuillaume, from whom she purchased the instrument upon recommendation of her instructor, Leopold Jansa and she possessed the instrument for 30 years, selling it in 1895. Lady <mask>'s 1869 marriage to Blunt was not a happy one. Her many pregnancies produced a single surviving child, Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth. <mask> never ceased to grieve over her miscarriages and the babies who died soon after birth. Although a fond father to Judith when she was a child, Blunt made no secret that he would have preferred a son.Lady <mask> and Wilfrid differed over management of their horses, with Wilfrid, though the less talented horseman, often prevailing on management decisions. At times, this meant leaving valuable bloodstock in Egypt under the care of inept managers who neglected the horses to the point that some died of exposure and thirst. In England, his theory that Arabian horses should live under "desert conditions", even in a cold, damp climate, often meant the animals lived with insufficient fodder and were exposed to the elements to an unnecessary degree. Blunt also had many mistresses, often simultaneously. However, in 1906, when his mistress Dorothy Carleton (later adopted as his niece) moved into their home, Lady <mask>, unable to tolerate what she termed an "oriental" lifestyle, left him. The Blunts agreed to a formal separation and the Stud was divided. Lady <mask> signed a Deed of Partition drawn up by Wilfrid.Under its terms, Lady <mask> kept Crabbet Park and half the horses, while Blunt took Caxtons Farm, also known as Newbuildings, and the rest of the stock. Following the separation, Lady <mask> spent several months each year at her Sheykh Obeyd estate near Cairo, a 32-acre (129,000 m2) apricot orchard the Blunts had purchased in 1882 and set up as a breeding farm for the horses they owned in Egypt. Her daughter Judith lived full-time at the Crabbet estate with her own husband and children. Finally, leaving the stud under the management of Judith, Lady <mask> left England permanently in October 1915 and spent the remaining years of her life at Sheykh Obeyd. Legacy
Shortly before her death in 1917, Lady <mask> inherited the Wentworth title after her niece, Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth died childless. Wilfrid, always short of money, made a number of attempts to get Lady <mask> to sign control or ownership of her portion of Crabbet to him, going so far at one point as to alienate Judith and her mother to the point that Lady <mask> disinherited Judith (though she wisely chose not to favour Wilfred). Following Lady <mask>'s death in 1917, the Wentworth title passed to Judith, who by that time owned some horses and property in her own right, and Lady <mask> bequeathed her remaining portion of Crabbet to Judith's daughters, appointing a trustee to oversee the estate.Wilfrid and Judith disputed <mask>'s estate and the ownership of many horses. The bitter battle went to court, where a verdict in favour of Judith's children was rendered in 1920, invalidating the deed of partition and reunifying most of the stud. Wilfrid died in 1922, having verbally reconciled with Judith but without rewriting his will to grant her any inheritance of his remaining property. Over time Judith had managed to buy out her daughters' shares of Crabbet and Newbuidings from the trustee, buy back many of the horses Wilfrid had sold to third parties, and the Crabbet stud continued under Judith's management. Under Judith, her management and breeding decisions improved upon the "desert conditions" theories of Wilfrid. Her addition of non-desertbred Arabian stock, such as the Polish-bred Arabian stallion Skowronek, created controversy, but the stud survived and prospered for almost fifty years until 1971, when the property itself was bisected by a motorway. Judith sold Crabbet horses all over the world, including to the United States, Australia, Spain and Russia.She sold some horses bred from the Blunt lines back to Egypt, where they have a legacy today. Modern studs known for Crabbet breeding, including Al-Marah in America and Fenwick in Australia, which both owe their existence to large-scale importations of horses bred at Crabbet. Today, due to the worldwide dispersal of Crabbet stock over its near-century of existence, most modern Arabian horses contain lines to Crabbet breeding, regardless of their nation of birth. Over 90% of all Arabians registered in the United States, for example, contain one or more lines to the Crabbet Park Stud. Some "Crabbet" breeders consider themselves preservationists, maintaining a small pool of pure or high-percentage Crabbet horses, while others use these lines as an outcross on other strains. In either situation, Crabbet-bred Arabian horses have a reputation for athleticism and classic type, good temperament, performance ability and soundness. The Lady Blunt Stradivarius is now considered one of the best-preserved Stradivarius violins in the world.It was sold at auction in Japan in 2011 for a world record high of £9.8 million (US$15.9 million). It has previously sold for £84,500 (US$200,000), also a record at the time, in 1971. Publications
Archer, Rosemary, Colin Pearson and Cecil Covey. The Crabbet Arabian Stud: Its History and Influence. Blunt, <mask>, Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates
Blunt, <mask>, A Pilgrimage to Nejd
Blunt, Lady <mask>, <mask> Blunt: Journals and Correspondence, 1878–1917
<mask>, <mask> Dorothea Blunt-Lytton. The Authentic Arabian Horse, 3rd ed. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1979.Winstone, H.V.F., Lady <mask>:  A Biography, Manchester: Barzan Publishing, 2005

References

External links

 Lady <mask> – a Biography – review on Horsetalk

 Travels in Arabia featuring Lady <mask>nt
 The Penetration of Arabia: A Record of the Development of Western Knowledge Concerning the Arabian Peninsula from 1904 features Lady <mask>nt

1837 births
1917 deaths
15
Daughters of British earls
Explorers of Asia
Explorers of Arabia
Arabian breeders and trainers
<mask>
Hereditary women peers
British explorers
Female explorers

masks:
Anne Isabella Noel Blunt
Wentworth
Anne Blunt
Anne
Anne
Wentworth
Anne
Anne
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Anne
Anne
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Anne
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Anne
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Lady Anne
Lady Anne
Lady Anne
Anne
Lady Anne
Wentworth
Judith Anne
Anne Blunt
Anne Blunt
Anne Blu
Anne Blu
Anne


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
<mask> (1939–2016; English pronunciation: ni-kohl h-ah-n raf-ter) was a feminist criminology professor at Northeastern University. She received her bachelor of arts degree from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, achieved her Master of Arts in Teaching from Harvard University, and obtained a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from State University of New York in Albany. She began her career as a high school and college English professor and switched to criminal justice in her mid-thirties. In 1977, <mask> began teaching at Northeastern University's College of Criminal Justice in Boston, Massachusetts. There she developed one of the country's first courses on women and crime as well as a course on crime films. In 1999, she resigned her position as a full-time professor to focus on her writing projects. She continued affiliation with Northeastern University as an adjunct professor overseeing dissertation students, but not teaching regular courses.In 2002 she resumed teaching at the College of Criminal Justice with a graduate course in Biological Theories of Crime. During the 1980s, <mask> began publishing her writings mainly focusing on the female prison system. She argued there have always been differences between the prison systems of the different sexes. She also asserted that academia has focused little on women since the majority of studies were done on male institutions by male writers. She wrote about the history of prisons for women, noting the differences between them and commenting on the effects that gender has on institutions. In 1988, <mask> published White Trash: the Eugenic Family Studies 1877-1919, writing about the eugenic movement in the United States and the way in which the poor were shaped as inferior through heredity. At the beginning of the 1990s, <mask> accounted for gender in the eugenic movement in the United States, showing how women were negatively affected with biological notions of being carriers of disease through reproduction.Intellectual history
<mask> achieved a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from State University of New York, Albany, which sparked her academic career in feminist criminology. Thereafter, she began writing about delinquent individuals. Her first publication on this topic was in 1969, with her first group of writings was released throughout the 1980s. <mask> began researching and creating arguments for the feminist cause after her book White Trash: the Eugenic Family Studies 1877-1919. This led to her 1997 course at Northeastern University entitled Gender, Representation, and Social Control. This served to teach criminology students knowledge of the workings of prison institutions and their reciprocal influences. In the 2000s she began focusing on the representation of crime films in mass media and culture.She explored this in her 2006 paper Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society. At the same time, she began research into the biological theories of crime. In 2004 she wrote Earnest A. Hooton and the Biological Tradition in American Criminology, examining the historical importance of Earnest Hooton’s theories of biological explanations of crime while crediting Hooton with building a history for criminology. She also wrote an introduction for Cesare Lombroso’s Criminal Women in 2004. In the first decade of the 21st century, <mask> published three works relating to crime films and criminology. These works include Badfellas: Movie Psychos, Popular Culture, and Law, Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society, and Crime, Film, and Criminology: Recent Sex Crime Movies. In 2008 she published  The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime.Contributions to feminist criminology
<mask> contributed extensively to feminist criminology through her historical research of female prison systems, crime films and their social understandings of sex and crime being their reason for gendering. Her work has influenced the ways in which biological crime theorists have studied women. Her work of gender and justice has evolved with feminist criminological thinking. <mask> contributed to feminist criminology through her research and literature on the female prison system starting in 1975. She wrote her last contribution in 1999. Arguing that research and writing at the time only focused on men and was written by men, <mask> led the way in documenting historical gender relations in prisons using, for example, the New York State Prison for Women at Auburn. Another early article <mask> published in 1985 which has been cited six times claims that women in state prisons from 1800-1935 were only given partial justice documenting the differences and the emphasis given to male prison systems.<mask>’s work on female prison systems occurred during the time when feminism was becoming a focal point in critical criminology. <mask>’s contributions to feminist criminology at Northeastern University in particular included her creating the syllabus for one of the first courses on women and crime and crime films. <mask>’s Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society has been cited a total of twenty-one times which is indicative of her influence. <mask>'s syllabus elaborates on how our depiction of on-screen crime in movies actually forms our understanding of everyday crime within society. She argues within this book that crime films produce social hierarchies within crime that are reproduced in everyday life. Depicting, for example, the sexualized female character and the villainous man. Therefore, <mask> greatly contributed to the literature on crime films and their reproduction in everyday crime.Recognition

Northeastern University recognizes one of <mask>’s areas of expertise as biological theories of crime. Her historical account of eugenic family studies published in 1988 and, more recently, her book on the biological theories and writings of Earnest A. Hooton, have both been cited five times. Allegedly, <mask>’s most influential contribution to feminist criminology was her re-translation and resource guide to Cesare Lombroso’s La Donna Delinquente in which she reinterprets women as being inferior and argues, therefore, their committing crimes at a lower level than male offenders. <mask> has shown a large interest in the history of biological theories of crime and her translation of Criminal Woman persuades advances in further research of the history of criminology specifically surrounding crime and women. Honors and awards
 2009–2010 Fulbright Fellow Austria
 2009 Edwin H. Sutherland award from the American Society of Criminology
 2009 Allen Austin Bartolemew award for Best Paper for Criminology's Darkest Hour: Biocriminology in Nazi Germany
 1999 Distinguished Scholar Award, Division on Women and Crime, American Society of Criminology
 1999 American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Hervey B. Wilbur Historic Preservation Award
 1998 Distinguished Alumni Award, State University of New York at Albany (School of Criminal Justice)

Bibliography
 Rafter (1969). How to Teach a Delinquent. Atlantic Monthly (March): 66-72.Rafter & Christianson, Scott. (1975) New York's Second Felony Law. New  York Times. <mask> (1978). Crime and Intelligence: A Historical Look at the Low IQ Theory. In James A. Inciardi and Kenneth C. Hass (Eds. ), Crime and the Criminal  Justice Process.(67-74). Kendall/Hunt. <mask> (1980a). Female State Prisoners in Tennessee: 1831-1979. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 39: 485-497. <mask> (1980b). Too Dumb to Know Better: Cacogenic Family Studies and the Criminology of Women.Criminology 18: 3-25. <mask> (1980c). Matrons and Molls: The Study of Women's Prison History. In James A. Inciardi and Charles E. Faupel, (Eds. ), History and Crime: Implications for Criminal Justice Policy (261-270). Beverly Hills: Sage. Rafter & Natalizia, Elena.(1981). Marxian Feminism: Implications for Criminal Justice Policy. Crime and Delinquency 27: 81-98. Rafter & Baunach J. Phyllis. (1982a). Sex Role Operations: Strategies for Women Working in the Criminal Justice System. In Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief:  Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice (Ch.13). Boston: Northeastern  University Press. <mask> & Stanko, A. Elizabeth. (1982b). Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1982c).Hard Times: The Evolution of the Women's Prison System and the Example of the New York State Prison for Women at Auburn, 1893-1933. In <mask> and Stanko, (Eds. ), Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice (Ch. 11). Boston: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1983a). Chastising the Unchaste: Social Control Functions of the Women's Reformatory System.In Stan Cohen and Andrew Scull, (Eds. ), Social Control and the State (288-311). Oxford: Martin Robertson. <mask> (1983b). Prisons for Women, 1790-1980. In Michael H. Tonry and Norval Morris, (Eds. ), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol.5. Chicago: University of Chicago. <mask> (1985a). Cathy Webb: Why She Would Lie in the Dotson Case. The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass) 29. <mask> (1985b). Gender, Prisons, and Prison History.Social Science History 9: 233-247. <mask> (1985c). Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons, 1800-1935. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1985d). Women: Second-Class Inmates. Chicago Tribune (19).<mask> (1986). Left Out By the Left: Crime and Crime Control. Socialist Review 89: 7-23. <mask> (1987). Even in Prison, Women and Second-class Citizens. Human Rights I14: 29-31,51. <mask> (1988a).White Trash as Social Ideology. Transaction/ Society 26: 43-49. <mask> (1988b). White Trash: The Eugenic Family Studies, 1877-1919. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. <mask>; Williamson, G. Susan, & Cohen-Rose, Amy. (1989a).Everyone Wins: A Collaborative Model for Mainstreaming Women’s Studies. Journal of Academic Librarianship 15:20-23. <mask> (1989b). Crime and the Family. Socialist Review 19: 123-129. <mask> (1989c). Gender and Justice: The Equal Protection Issue.In Lynne Goodstein and Doris Mackenzie, (Eds. ), The American Prison: Issues in Research and Policy (89-109). New York: Plenum Press. Rafter (1989d). Prisons, Women Inmates In. In Helen Tierney, (Ed. ), Women’s Studies Encyclopedia, Vol.1 (288-290). New York: Greenwood Press. <mask> (1990a). Crime and the Family. Women and Criminal Justice 1:73-86. <mask> (1990b). Equal Protection Forcing Changes in Women’s Prisons.Correction Law Reporter 2: 49, 51-52. <mask> (1990c). Partial Justice: Women, Prisons, and Social Control (2nd Ed). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. <mask> (1990d). The Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 27: 376-389.<mask> (1991a). Equal Treatment or Different Treatment? The Origins of Today's Policy Dilemmas in the Care of Incarcerated Women. U.S. Department of  Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Female Offenders. The June 7, 1991 Forum on Issues in Corrections. Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Prisons. <mask> (1991b).Prison Reform Movement, 1870-1930. In Helen Tierney, (Ed. ), Women Studies Encyclopedia, Vol. II (361-363). New York: Greenwood  Press. <mask> (1992a). Claims-making and Socio-cultural Context in the First U.S. Eugenics campaign.Social Problems 39:17-34. <mask> (1992b). Some Consequences of Strict Constructionism. Social  Problems 39: 38-39. <mask> (1994). Eugenics, Class, and the Professionalization of Social Control. In George Bridges and Martha Myers, (Eds.), Inequality and Social Control (214-227). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <mask> (1995). International Feminist Perspectives in Criminology: Engendering a Discipline. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. <mask> & Cuklanz, Lisa. (1997a).‘Gender, Representation, and Social Control’: An Interdisciplinary Women’s Studies Course. Women and Criminal Justice. 8(4): 99-109. <mask> (1997b). Creating Born Criminals. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. <mask> (1997c).Psychopathy and the Evolution of Criminological Knowledge. Theoretical Criminology I 2: 235-59. <mask> (1997d). The More Things Change... Women’s Review of Books XIV  10-11: 3-4. <mask> (1997e) The Realization of Partial Justice: A Case Study in Social Control. In James Marquart and Jonathan Sorensen, (Eds. ), Contemporary and  Classical Reading (69-83).Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company. <mask> (1997f). Transgression Obsession. Review of Ann-Louise Shapiro, Breaking the Codes: Female Criminality in Fin-de-Siècle Paris. In Women’s Review of Books XV 1:23-24. Rafter & Stanley, Debra. (1999).Prisons in America: A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues Series. <mask> (2000a). Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. Phoenix AZ: Oryx Press. <mask> (2000b). Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society.New York: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2001a). American Criminal Trial Films: An Overview of their Development, 1930-2000. Journal of Law and Society 28 (1): 9-25. <mask> (2001b). Feminism: Criminological Aspects. In Joshua Dressler (Ed.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. New York: MacMillan Reference Books. <mask> (2001c). National Prison Association. The Oxford Companion to United States History. New York: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2001d).Seeing and Believing: Images of Heredity in Biological Theories of Crime. Brooklyn Law Review 67(1): 71-99. <mask> & Gibson, Mary. (2004a). Criminal Women by Cesare Lombroso Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. <mask> (2004b).Earnest A. Hooton and the Biological Tradition in American Criminology. Criminology 42 (3): 735-771. <mask> (2004c). The Criminalization of Mental Retardation. In Steven Noll and James Trend, Jr. (Eds. ), Perpetual Children 232-257.<mask> (2004d). The Unrepentant Horse-slasher: Moral Insanity and the Origins of Criminological Thought. Criminology 42 (4): 977-1006. <mask> (2005). Badfellas: Movie Psychos, Popular Culture, and Law. In Michael Freeman, (Ed. ), Law and Popular Culture (339-357).Oxford, England: University Press. <mask> (2006). Criminal Anthropology: Its Reception in the United States and the Nature of its Appeal. In Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell, (Eds. ), Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <mask> (2005).Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Criminology: Rethinking Criminological Tradition. In Stuart Henry and Mark Lanier, The Essential Criminology Reader 33-42. Boulder, CO: Westview/Basic Books. <mask> (2005). The Murderous Dutch Fiddler: Criminology, History, and the Problem of Phrenology. Theoretical Criminology 9 (1): 65-96. <mask> (2006a).Apes, Men and Teeth: Earnest A. Hooton and Eugenic Decay. In Sue Currell and Christina Cogdell, (Eds. ), Popular Eugenics: National Efficiency and Mass Culture in 1930. Columbus Ohio: Ohio University Press. Rafter (2006b). Gender, Genes and Crimes: An Evolving Feminist Agenda. In Frances Heidensohn, (Ed.), Gender and Justice: New Concepts and Approaches (222-242). Cullompton: William Publishing. <mask> (2006c). H. J. Eysenck in Fagin’s Kitchen: The Return to Biological theory in 20th-Century Criminology. History of the Human Sciences. 19(4): 37-56. <mask> (2006d).Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society (2nd Ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2007a). Crime, Film, and Criminology: Recent Sex Crime Movies. Theoretical Criminology 11(3): 403-420. <mask> (2007b). Somatotyping, Antimodernism, and the Production of Criminological Knowledge.Criminology 45(4):805-834. <mask> (2008a). Criminology’s Darkest Hour: Biocriminology in Nazi Germany. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 41(2): 287-306. <mask> (2008b). The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime. New York, NY: New York University Press.<mask> (2009). The Origins of Criminology: a Reader. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. References

1939 births
2016 deaths
American criminologists
American feminist writers
Northeastern University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Swarthmore College alumni
University at Albany, SUNY alumni
Women criminologists

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title: Daniel Snyder

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<mask> (born November 23, 1964) is an American billionaire businessman who is the owner of the Washington Commanders, an American football team belonging to the National Football League (NFL). <mask> bought the team, then known as the Washington Redskins, from Jack Kent Cooke's estate in 1999. <mask>'s ownership of the team has been controversial, with frequent accusations of a toxic workplace culture as well as the poor performance of the team on the field. Early life and education
<mask> was born on November 23, 1964, in Maryland, the son of Arlette (née Amsellem) and Gerald Seymour "Gerry" <mask>. His family is Jewish. His father was a freelance writer who wrote for United Press International and National Geographic. He attended Hillandale Elementary School in Silver Spring, Maryland.At age 12, he moved to Henley-on-Thames, a small town near London, where he attended private school. At age 14, he returned to the United States and lived with his grandmother in Queens, New York. A year later, his family moved back to Maryland and he graduated from Charles W. Woodward High School in Rockville, Maryland. His first job was at B. Dalton bookstore in the White Flint Mall. At 17, <mask> experienced his first business failure when he partnered with his father to sell bus-trip packages to Washington Capitals fans to see their hockey team play in Philadelphia. By age 20, he had dropped out of the University of Maryland, College Park and was running his own business, leasing jets to fly college students to spring break in Fort Lauderdale and the Caribbean. <mask> claims to have cleared US$1 million running the business out of his parents' bedroom with his friend Joe Craig, and several telephone lines.<mask> courted real estate entrepreneur Mortimer Zuckerman, whose US News & World Report was also interested in the college market and who agreed to finance his push to publish Campus USA, a magazine for college students. Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, co-publisher of Zuckerman's New York Daily News, invested $3 million in Campus USA. The venture did not generate enough paid advertising and was forced to close after two years. Career
In 1989, <mask> and his sister Michele founded a wallboard advertising (the sale of advertisements placed on boards inside buildings) company with seed money from his father, who took a second mortgage on his property in England, and his sister, who maxed out her credit cards at $35,000. They concentrated on wallboards in doctors' offices (where there was a captive audience) and colleges. They married the advertisement with the distribution of product samples – such as soaps and packages of medicine – to differentiate themselves from their competitors. The company was named Snyder Communications LP.The business was a great success and <mask> and his sister grew the business organically and through acquisitions and expanded its activities to all aspects of outsourced marketing, including direct marketing, database marketing, proprietary product sampling, sponsored information display in prime locations, call centers, and field sales. They expanded their geography from colleges and doctors' offices to hospital maternity areas, private daycare centers, and Fixed Based Operations (FBO), or private aircraft lounges in major airports throughout the country. In 1992, the company expanded into telemarketing with a focus on the yet untapped immigrant market. Snyder Communications revenues rose from $2.7 million in 1991 to $4.1 million in 1992 and $9 million in 1993. Proprietary product sampling was introduced in 1992 through their network of private daycare centers. In an initial public offering for SNC in September 1996, <mask> became the youngest ever CEO of a New York Stock Exchange listed company at the age of 32. <mask>'s top investors, including media mogul Barry Diller, New York investor Dan Lufkin, and Democratic Party icon Robert Strauss, earned significant returns on their initial investment.Mortimer Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, whom <mask> owed $3 million from the failure of his first business venture, were given company stock, which ended up being worth over $500 million. His parents sold their stock in the company for over $60 million. He continued to expand the company aggressively through a string of acquisitions, including Arnold Communications in 1997. By 1998, the company had over 12,000 employees and $1 billion in annual revenues. In April 2000, Snyder Communications was sold to the French advertising and marketing services group Havas in an all-stock transaction valued at in excess of US$2 billion, the largest transaction in the history of the advertising/market industry. <mask>'s personal share of the proceeds was estimated to be US$300 million. Washington Redskins / Commanders ownership

In May 1999, <mask> purchased the Washington Redskins, along with Jack Kent Cooke Stadium (now FedExField) for $800 million following the death of previous owner Jack Kent Cooke.At the time, it was the most expensive transaction in sporting history. The deal was financed largely through borrowed money, including $340 million borrowed from Société Générale and $155 million debt assumed on the stadium. To pay down the team's debt, in 2003, he sold 15 percent of the team to real estate developer Dwight Schar for $200 million, 15 percent to Florida financier Robert Rothman for a like amount; and 5 percent to Frederick W. Smith, the founder of FedEx, leaving him with a 65 percent ownership interest. In 2020, <mask> blocked the minority owners from selling their combined 40 percent ownership stake to an outside party by exercising his right of first refusal, only offering to buy back the 25 percent held by Rothman and Smith but not the 15 percent owned by Schar. In April 2021, after a period of litigation, <mask> would be approved by the league for a debt waiver of $400 million to acquire the remaining ownership stake held by the three in a deal worth over $800 million. Since <mask> became owner, the team's annual revenue increased from more than $100 million a year when <mask> took over the team in 1999 to around $245 million by 2005. <mask> has been on six NFL committees, including appointments to the Broadcast Committee, the Business Ventures Committee, the Digital Media Committee, the International Committee, the Stadium Committee and the Hall of Fame Committee.He is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Criticism and controversies
Since <mask> bought the Washington Commanders, the team has had a losing record (149–202–1 through the end of the 2020 season) and had eight head coaches over seventeen seasons; by contrast, the New England Patriots, New Orleans Saints, and Pittsburgh Steelers have each had only two head coaches in that span and have won a combined nine Super Bowls while Washington hasn't advanced past the Divisional Round during his tenure. The media allege that his managerial style and workplace culture were partly to blame for the team's struggles. Under <mask>, the team sued season ticket holders who were unable to pay during the Great Recession in the late 2000s, despite his claim that there were over 200,000 people on the season ticket waiting list. Partway through the 2009 season, <mask> temporarily banned all signs from FedExField, leading to further fan discontentment. Fans have also expressed discontentment about the game day experience, rising ticket and parking prices, and <mask>'s policy of charging fans for tailgates in special areas of the stadium lot. Redskins name
Since his purchase of the team in 1999, <mask> was repeatedly pressured to change the team's name by numerous fans, politicians, and advocacy groups because redskin is a derogatory term for Native Americans.In May 2013, in response to a question regarding the teams' Federal Trademark, <mask> told the USA Today "We'll never change the name. It's that simple. NEVER—you can use caps." <mask> refused to meet with Native American advocates for a name change. A pitched public relations battle in 2013 and 2014 led <mask> to employ crisis management and PR firms in an effort to defend the name. <mask>'s creation of the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation in 2014 was seen as a "cheap effort to buy favor from Indian communities" by activists. Following renewed attention to questions of racial justice in wake of the George Floyd protests in 2020, a letter signed by 87 shareholders and investors was sent to team and league sponsors Nike, FedEx, and PepsiCo urging them to cut their ties unless the name was changed.Around the same time, several retail companies had begun removing Redskins merchandise from their stores. In response, the team underwent a review in July 2020 and announced they would be retiring the name, with a new name and logo to be chosen at a later date. As a team rebranding process usually takes over a year, the team temporarily played as the Washington Football Team for the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The name was changed in early 2022 to the Washington Commanders. Defamation suit
Threatening a lawsuit in January 2011, <mask> demanded dismissal of Washington City Papers sports writer Dave McKenna, who had penned a lengthy article for the alternative newspaper called "The Cranky Redskins Fan's Guide to <mask>", creating a critical list of controversies involving <mask>. McKenna had been needling <mask> for years in his columns, and the front-page of the article had a defaced picture of <mask> with devil's horns and a beard, which incensed <mask> who felt the picture was antisemitic. Other sportswriters have come out in support of McKenna.In a statement released by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, while acknowledging that public figures are fair game for criticism, said the artwork used by the City Paper was reminiscent of "virulent anti-Semitism going back to the Middle Ages" and urged the City Paper issue an apology. Mike Madden of the City Paper issued a statement saying they take accusations of antisemitism very seriously and said the artwork was meant to "resemble the type of scribbling that teenagers everywhere have been using to deface photos" and the cover art was not an antisemitic caricature. In February, <mask> filed a lawsuit against the City Paper before dropping it in September. Environmental
In 2004, <mask> brokered a deal with the National Park Service to remove old growth trees from the  of national parkland behind his home to grant him a better view of the Potomac River, on the condition that <mask> would replace the trees with 600 native saplings. Lenn Harley, a real estate broker who was not involved in <mask>'s purchase of the estate but was familiar with the area, estimated that the relatively unobstructed view of the river and its surroundings that resulted from <mask>'s clearing could add $500,000 to $1 million to his $10 million home's value. The clearcutting was started without approval from Montgomery County, Maryland, and without environmental assessments, as required by law. As a result, <mask> was fined $100 by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in December 2004.<mask>'s neighbors also filed complaints regarding his clearcutting of scenic and historic easements behind his home. The NPS ranger that investigated the complaints of <mask>'s neighbors and clearcutting along the Potomac was transferred multiple times due to his continued pursuit of the complaints and the <mask> property. Eventually, the NPS ranger filed a whistleblower complaint regarding the <mask> case. Later, the ranger's anonymity as a whistleblower was lost, potentially leading to extreme harassment and a trial of the park ranger, ultimately ending the ranger's career. Workplace culture
In July 2020, The Washington Post published a series of articles alleging that over 40 women who were former employees of the organization, including office workers and cheerleaders, had been sexually harassed and discriminated against by <mask> and other male executives, colleagues, and players of the team since at least 2006. That December, it was also reported that <mask> had settled a sexual harassment claim with a former female employee for a sum of $1.6 million. The alleged incident had occurred on his private plane while returning from the Academy of Country Music Awards in 2009.Two private investigations at the time, by the team and an outside law firm, failed to substantiate the woman's claim, with it being reported that <mask> paid the sum to avoid any negative publicity. A year-long independent investigation into the team's workplace culture, led by lawyer Beth Wilkinson, was concluded in July 2021. It found that incidents of sexual harassment, bullying, and intimidation were commonplace throughout the organization under his ownership. The NFL fined the team $10 million in response, with <mask> also voluntarily stepping down from running the team's day-to-day operations for a few months, giving those responsibilities to his wife Tanya. Other ventures
<mask> owned expansion rights to an Arena Football League team for the Washington, D.C. market before the 2009 demise of the original league. He purchased the rights to the team for $4 million in 1999. The team was going to be called the Washington Warriors and play their games at the Comcast Center in 2003 but the team never started.In 2005, he bought 12% of the stock of amusement park operator Six Flags through his private equity company RedZone Capital. He later gained control of the board placing his friend and ESPN executive Mark Shapiro as CEO and himself as chairman. In April 2009, the New York Stock Exchange delisted Six Flags' stock as it had fallen below the minimal required market capitalization. In June 2009, Six Flags announced that they were delaying a $15 million debt payment and two weeks later, Six Flags filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As part of the reorganization, 92% of the company ended up in the hands of their lenders with <mask> and Shapiro being removed from their positions. In July 2006, Red Zebra Broadcasting launched a trio of sports radio stations in Washington, D.C. He purchased other radio stations in the mid-Atlantic region, and intends to broadcast coverage of Washington Redskins games on all of his stations.The same month, <mask> and other investors signed a deal to provide financing to the production company run by Tom Cruise and his partner, Paula Wagner. This came one week after Paramount Pictures severed its ties with Cruise and Wagner. <mask> is credited as an executive producer for the 2008 movie Valkyrie, which stars Cruise. In February 2007, it was announced that <mask>'s private equity firm Red Zone Capital Management would purchase Johnny Rockets, the 1950s-themed diner chain. RedZone Capital Management sold the company to Sun Capital Partners in 2013. From 2007 to 2012, <mask> also owned Dick Clark Productions. Personal life

<mask> married Tanya Ivey in 1994, a former fashion model from Atlanta.She is a national spokesperson for breast cancer awareness and was named co-CEO of the Washington Football Team in 2021. They have three children and live in Alexandria, VA. He contributed $1 million to help the victims of the September 11 attacks; he donated $600,000 to help victims of Hurricane Katrina; and he paid the shipping costs for charitable food shipments to aid those affected by the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia and Thailand. His disaster relief efforts continued in 2016 following Hurricane Matthew, dispatching his private plane to provide emergency supplies in the Bahamas and medical supplies to Hospital Bernard Mevs in Port-au-Prince. In 2000, <mask> founded the Washington Redskins Charitable Foundation, which is active in the Washington, D.C. area. <mask> has been a long-time supporter of Youth For Tomorrow, an organization founded by former Redskins head coach and Pro Football Hall of Famer Joe Gibbs. In April 2010, the organization presented <mask> with its Distinguished Leader Award.In 2005, <mask> was inducted as a member of the Greater Washington Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. <mask> owns a private plane, a Bombardier BD-700 Global Express XRS. In 2014, <mask> formed the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation to provide opportunities and resources to aid Tribal communities. The foundation was formed to address the challenges in the daily lives of Native Americans. <mask> has also supported Children's National Hospital, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), and other organizations. In May 2014, <mask> and his wife Tanya received the Charles B. Wang International Children's Award from the NCMEC. References

External links

 Washington Commanders profile

1964 births
Living people
American billionaires
American advertising executives
American company founders
Washington Redskins owners
Washington Football Team owners
Washington Commanders owners
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
People from Rockville, Maryland
Jewish American sportspeople
21st-century American Jews
National Football League controversies

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title: James Sohn

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<mask><mask> formerly served as the Chief of Facilities of the Los Angeles Unified School District Facilities Division (LAUSD), having been appointed by the Superintendent Ramon C. Cortines. LAUSD is the 2nd largest school district in the United States. The Facilities Services Division oversees all maintenance and operations, including the construction and modernization program. The bond program is the largest school construction program in the United States, with more than five voter approved bond measures totaling $20.6 billion coupled with billions in matching funds from the State of California. Education

<mask> holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, Berkeley; a Master of Business Administration from University of Phoenix, and a Master of Arts from King's College London. He is a LEED accredited professional, licensed general contractor in the state of California and a member of the London-based think tank, International Institute of Strategic Studies. Tenure at Los Angeles Unified School District

<mask> initially worked as a consultant at LAUSD prior to becoming a Senior Project Manager for Robert F. Kennedy Community Learning Center.This is considered the largest, most expensive school ever built in the United States, at a cost of over $578 million. The school is located on the site where Senator Robert F. Kennedy was shot and killed in 1968. It can hold 4,200 students and includes a manicured public park, swimming pool and fine art murals. He returned to LAUSD in July 2009 as a Deputy Chief of Facilities, eventually replacing the previous Chief of Facilities, Guy Mehula. Mehula was criticized for the use of expensive consultants. On January 25, 2011, the Facilities Services Division under <mask>hn released $531 million in additional funds due to savings from decreased construction  costs as a result of the downward economy and from reserve funds that were previously unavailable. Some questions were raised as to the priorities of the projects funded but many long-identified but unfunded projects were ultimately approved via the board action on January 25, 2010.Union officials continue to protest as to why bond district employees were laid off when additional funding is currently available. One of <mask>'s priorities was the use of renewable energy. On February 10, 2011, LAUSD officials gathered at Canoga Park High School to celebrate the activation of a 273-kilowatt (kW), 896-solar-panel system on the school's rooftops. <mask>'s goal is to achieve 21 megawatts of power in the next three years installing solar panels in various schools. Projections show that this will save approximately $112 million in utility costs over 20 years. At the helm of the school construction program at LAUSD, <mask> introduced numerous efforts at reforming the school construction program by consolidating numerous departments, laying off hundreds of consultants and district employees and slashing consultant rates by 20%. However, a limited review audit by LAUSD's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) found issues with some of these reforms.This includes costs that exceed pre-approved amounts by 50% and additional contracts worth $31 million without school board approval. These contracts were amended to correct the issues the OIG identified. The OIG found that in some cases the 20% reduction in rates was later amended for a subset of consultants back to their original rates. The report also found that the consultant rate multipliers were changed from 1.8 to 1.98 during negotiations. The OIG report also showed a $40,000 initiation fee for one of the consultant contracts. Following this report, Superintendent Cortines canceled $3.7 million in contracts cited in the OIG report, including the contract that included the initiation fee but left open the possibility the consultants may return. An audit by the Los Angeles City Controller, Wendy Greuel, showed that prior to 2006 there was a lack of controls and that a potential existed for conflict of interests to occur regarding consultant use at the LAUSD Facilities bond program, but noted that: "from 2006 to the present day the district has undergone a dramatic improvement and has done a good job ensuring the integrity of the selection process."The City Controller has been criticized for not releasing the names of the individuals cited in the audit. <mask> introduced a new contract type, called Agency Construction Manager (Agency CM), which offers many benefits, including maximizing consultant services, lower costs, increased productivity and increase small business competition (see Construction Management). Agency CM is an attempt to replace the old consultant model of billing for an hourly rate in favor of a lump sum task order. Task orders (Job Order Contracting) are designed to provide payment for completion of a particular task, regardless of the number of hours worked. Criticisms with this include the lack of adequate tracking of consultant employees, difficulty in comparing district to consultant staff, and contracts which were cited in the OIG report as vague in detail.<ref
name="dailynews.com"/>

During his tenure at LAUSD, the district halted a cleanup effort of draft and outdated electronic versions of documents. After Teamsters union complaints, LAUSD halted this practice. During <mask>'s tenure at LAUSD, there were ongoing issues with budgets and layoffs, brought on by California's continuing budget situation.Teamsters officials have complained about layoffs within facilities of their members. Teamsters Representative Connie Oser stated that district staff have been removed while consultant contracts continued to be approved by the Board, consultant employees moved between companies, and that the use of Agency CM causes the tracking of consultants to be difficult. Superintendent Ramon Cortines and Chief of Facilities <mask>hn have both stated that consultants have been reduced in far greater numbers than district staff. A protest by Teamsters was held on February 9, 2010, in reference to Board of Education Report - 253 - 09/10, which include 40 consultant contracts which were approved by the Board, totaling $65 million worth of bond funds. Teamsters complained district employees, many of whom perform similar or same work responsibilities, were being laid off rather than consultants. Teamsters claim this is in violation of California Education code 45308, which state “classified employees shall be subject to layoff for lack of work or lack of funds.”  During the Board meeting to discuss BOE-253 - 09/10, Superintendent Cortines pushed for the approval of the consultant contracts, against the wishes of Board member Yolie Flores, who wanted more time to discuss. Board members who approved BOE-253 - 09/10 were Monica Garcia, Richard Vladovic, Tamar Galatzan and Nury Martinez.Board member who voted no were Steve Zimmer. Board member Yolie Flores abstained and Marguerite LaMotte was absent. A former LAUSD Construction Department employee, Bassam Raslan, employed before <mask>'s tenure as Chief, but who remained until 2010, was arrested and indicted by a grand jury for conflict of interest charges. Bassam pleaded guilty to one count of conflict of interest. Construction safety

<mask> would work to increase the speed of DSA approved projects. On September 14, 2010 the Board of Education approved a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Division of State Architect (DSA) that would provide up to 8 million dollars to fund a DSA Certification pilot program that sought to relieve the backlog of DSA Certification files backlog that has developed over the last 12 years of construction. Even with this pilot program approved, construction delay, quality and safety would continue to plague LAUSD.A few months after the MOU, The Division of State Architect warned the district that cutbacks made to Inspector positions at LAUSD construction sites could affect "safety and quality" of schools and the district would be held liable. The district had laid off 37 out of 112 state-certificated inspectors in December 2010. The layoffs were based on projections that would later be deemed incorrect. Resignation

<mask> resigned from LAUSD on March 15, 2011. Tenure at Los Angeles Community College District

<mask> served as the head of the Program Management team for the Los Angeles Community College bond program from July, 2007 to June, 2009. With more than $6 billion to modernize its nine colleges, the Los Angeles Community Colleges (LACCD) Sustainable Building Program is one of the nation's largest green construction efforts, with 87 buildings expected to meet LEED™ (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) standards. The District has received numerous awards for its environmentally responsible construction projects.Most of the program's funding comes from bond measures that were approved by voters in 2001, 2003 and 2008. After <mask>'s tenure at LACCD, an audit by Capstone Advisory Group LLC, showed bond funds being used on items that Capstone did not deem appropriate uses of bond funds. It called for a whistle-blower protection program and new stringent financial controls. The recommendations were released after he had left LACCD for LAUSD, but referenced the years during <mask>'s tenure as the head of the Program Management team for the LACCD bond construction program(2007–2009), as well as prior and subsequent years. A special Los Angeles Times report on the Los Angeles Community College bond program documenting waste, building quality, delays, cost overruns, nepotism and other issues was released on February 27, 2011. These issues included complaints from faculty regarding quality issues affecting some of the completed buildings, buildings which were completed later than their original schedule, concerns whether or not the green energy initiatives would recoup their investment, consultant billing rates, lack of external citizen oversight, lack of an OIG, and construction contracts which were cancelled after work began due to budget shortfalls. The Valley Health and Science Center, mentioned in the series, would win the Western Council of Construction Consumers 2009 Distinguished Project Award.References

Living people
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Alumni of King's College London
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
James D
. Sohn
James Sohn
James Sohn
James So
James Sohn
Sohn
Sohn
James Sohn
Sohn
James So
James Sohn
James Sohn
James Sohn
James Sohn
James Sohn
James Sohn


title: Denny Wright

texts:
<mask> (6 May 1924 – 8 February 1992), known professionally as <mask>, was a British jazz guitarist. A session musician for many years, <mask> frequently acted as arranger and "fixer" for recording sessions. He was a prolific jazz and orchestra composer. He led many bands, from small ensembles to night club bands to orchestras. He worked with Latin American and Jamaican bands, including Kenny Graham's Afro-Cubists and Mike McKenzie (jazz musician)'s Quartet. He played with the Carl Barriteau orchestra, the Decca Records house band under Phil Green, and occasionally the Glenn Miller band. <mask> was voted the 1980 BBC Jazz Society Musician of the Year.During his career, he worked with Stéphane Grappelli, Lonnie Donegan, Johnny Duncan, Digby Fairweather, Ella Fitzgerald, Ken Snakehips Johnson, Billy Eckstine, Fapy Lafertin, Russ Conway, Biréli Lagrène, Humphrey Lyttelton, Nigel Kennedy, and George Shearing. Although best known as a guitarist, his favourite instrument was piano, the only musical instrument he would play at home. Travellin' Blues by Johnny Duncan and the Bluegrass Boys feature <mask>'s piano playing. Early life
<mask> was born in Deptford, London, and grew up in Brockley with frequent forays to the Old Kent Road and the Elephant and Castle. His father was Joseph William <mask>, a wireless telegraphist for the General Post Office who served with the Royal Engineers in World War I. His mother was Selina Elizabeth Stewart, who was born in Hampstead. <mask>'s paternal family came from Polstead and Boxstead in Suffolk, although they moved to Deptford by 1881.<mask>'s first instrument was the piano. His older brother, <mask>, was a semi-professional guitarist before the war and <mask>, ten years younger, was soon trying to play his brother's guitar. He began playing professionally before World War II while at school. He nearly always used his thumb on the top E string and could only play as fast as he could sing. He often sang along as he played a solo, as on Donegan's No 4 UK hit "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O" recorded in 1957. Career
<mask> spent the first part of World War II playing in jazz clubs in the West End of London, doing session work and performing in bands on radio shows. He worked with Grappelli for the first time in London around 1941.At school <mask> served with the Auxiliary Fire Service in Brockley. He was classified medically unfit to serve due to a childhood injury in a road accident in 1930 that cost him his spleen and half of his liver. He joined Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA), entertained the troops, and at the end of the war was stationed in 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. In 1945 he started the first bebop club in London. At the Fullado in New Compton Street he played piano and guitar. In the late 1940s he toured Italy and the Middle East with the Francisco Cavez orchestra and performed in King Farouk's palace. Throughout the 1950s <mask> provided guitar accompaniments for Lonnie Donegan, Johnny Duncan, Humphrey Lyttelton, and Marie Bryant, as well as appearing on Guitar Club on the BBC.In 1952, he accompanied Tex Ritter for a season at the Texas Western Spectacle at the Haringey Arena. With Digby Fairweather, Roy Williams, Johnny Van Derrick, Jack Fallon, Tony Crombie, and Jack Fallon, <mask> accompanied Joel David on Old Bones and added a guitar solo to Joel David's song "Be My Valentine Tonight". The <mask> Trio with violinist Bob Clarke took skiffle and jazz to the Soviet Union in 1957 for the 6th World Festival of Youth and Students. From 1940 until the early 1980s, <mask> worked as a session musician, playing guitar for Mary Hopkin, Dusty Springfield and Tom Jones. His improvisational style came to the forefront in his work with Donegan. Drawing on jazz, blues, and Django Reinhardt, <mask> played acoustic archtop and electric guitar. With Bill Bramwell, Les Bennetts, and Jimmy Currie, he helped inspire the next generation of British guitarists working with blues in a rock context.George Harrison tried to play <mask>'s solo from "Last Train to San Fernanado". In the 1960s, in addition to session for Mary Hopkin and Jones, he and Keith Cooper produced Tribute to the Hot Club as The Cooper-Wright Quintet. <mask> also worked extensively with folk singer Steve Benbow and the record company Rediffusion. During the 1970s, he and record producer Anton Kwiatkowski worked on albums for EMI's Music for Pleasure label. He accompanied Grappelli at the Cambridge Folk Festival and for some years after. In 1978, he formed the band Velvet with Ike Isaacs, Len Skeat, and Digby Fairweather. After Velvet, he formed a band with Don Harper before reforming the Hot Club of London with Johnny van Derrick (violin), Gerry Higgins (double bass), and his protégé Robert Seaman (guitar).<mask> played with the Hot Club of London across the UK, as well as at jazz festivals in Eindhoven, London, and Cork. His last performance was at The Grapes in Shepherd Market, Mayfair in late 1991 with van Derrick. <mask> gave private lessons and at London comprehensive schools, and he lectured at the Royal College of Music on the life of a session musician. Personal life
<mask> married Barbara, a lyricist and actress, in 1961. Their son, St. John, was born while <mask> was on stage in Leeds with Donegan in 1963. Barbara died on 16 February 1989 after an eight-year battle with breast cancer. They were married for 27 years.<mask> died on 8 February 1992 in London after a nine-year battle with bladder cancer. Awards and honors
In 1980, <mask> was voted BBC Jazz Society Musician of the Year. Discography

As leader
 1971 Mr. Guitar

As sideman
With Lonnie Donegan
 1956 Lonnie Donegan Showcase
 1957 Lonnie Donegan Live, 1957

With Johnny Duncan
 1957 Johnny Duncan's Tennessee Song Bag
 1996 Last Train to San Fernando

With Stéphane Grappelli
 1973 Live in London
 1974 I Got Rhythm
 1975 Fascinating Rhythm
 1988 Menuhin & Grappelli Play Berlin, Kern, Porter & Rodgers & Hart
 1988 Menuhin & Grappelli Play Gershwin
 1997 Sweet Georgia Brown
 1998 Fit as a Fiddle
 1998 Live in Europe
 2000 Live at the Cambridge Folk Festival

With others
 1955 Barrel House Johnny Parker's Washboard Band
 1969 Tribute to the Hot Club, Cooper-Wright Quintet
 1972 Friendly Folk, Steve Benbow
 1978 Combo Don Harper
 1979 Velvet, Digby Fairweather, Ike Isaacs, Len Skeat
 1981 Solo Flight, Wild Bill Davison
 1993 Running Wild, Wild Bill Davison
 1993 Songs of Ireland, Steve Benbow
 2008 The Early Years, George Shearing

Singles
 "Georgia", Marie Bryant with the Mike McKenzie Quartet (1954)
 "Lost John", (Trad. arr Donegan) Lonnie Donegan (1956) (2)
 "Stewball", (Trad. arr Donegan) Lonnie Donegan (1956) (2)
 "Bring a Little Water, Sylvie", (Trad. arr Ledbetter, Donegan, Campbell) Lonnie Donegan (1956) (7)
 "Don't You Rock Me Daddy-O", (Varley, Whyton) Lonnie Donegan (1956) (4)
 "Cumberland Gap", (Trad.arr Donegan) Lonnie Donegan (1957) (1)
 "Last Train to San Fernando", Johnny Duncan (1957) (2)

References

External links

1924 births
1992 deaths
English jazz guitarists
English male guitarists
People from Brockley
Musicians from Kent
20th-century English musicians
20th-century British guitarists
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from bladder cancer
20th-century British male musicians
British male jazz musicians
British firefighters

masks:
Denys Justin Wright
Denny Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Alex Wright
Denny Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Denny Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright


title: Valeriy Gorban

texts:
<mask> (, born February 6, 1973) is a rally driver from Ukraine. During the period from 2002 to 2020 <mask> took part in 193 national and international competitions. Career in the championship of Ukraine in rally

2002—2007: MacCoffee Rally Team
For the first time in his life Valery sat behind the wheel of a sports car in 2002, at the age of 29, already being a businessman, creator and head of the racing team MacCoffee Rally Team. During the 2002 season in the Ukrainian Rally Championship, team colors were defended by Alexander Salyuk, Sr. and Alexander Salyuk, Jr .; <mask> joined them only at the final stage of the championship in Kherson. Already in the following year, 2003, <mask> and his navigator Evgeny Leonov as part of the MacCoffee Rally Team are conducting the full Ukrainian championship in rallying the Lada 2112 Super 1600 car. Having won five races out of six possible, the crew becomes the champion in the A9 class, and MacCoffee again wins in the team classification. However, since the next season, due to changes in the rules of the championship, team-mates, Alexander Salyuk Jr. and <mask>, performing on the same cars, turn out to be rivals in class A7.As a result, the championships of 2004 and 2005 become a duel of two fastest monoprivot pilots, which ends with a battle draw: in 2004, Salyuk becomes champion of Ukraine in the A7 class, in 2005 – <mask>. And a year later, both pilots are synchronously transplanted to the higher-class vehicles – all-wheel drive Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. The 2006 season demonstrates that Valery <mask> can rightly be counted among the leaders of the Ukrainian rally. Podiums on the rally "Chumatsky Shlyakh" and "Golden Autumn of the Carpathians" allowed the pilot to take the sixth place in the overall standings of the championship in the end of the season. The result could have been higher, but the result of Gorban on the Trembit rally was canceled due to the mismatch of his car homologation card. The next season for <mask> can to some extent be called experimental – more than half of the races he spends on the unusual for himself Subaru Impreza, built by the Kiev racer and engineer Andrei Alexandrov. The results of the pilot do not fall – he again finishes on the podium in the rally "Chumatsky Shlyakh", "Trembita" and "Galicia" and again at the end of the season is in the top five of the fastest participants in the championship of Ukraine.However, after the tragic death of Alexandrov at the Bulgarian rally "Sliven" <mask> returns to the cars of Mitsubishi Lancer, which are able to serve his own team. 2008: Prime Rally Team

The 2008 season begins for Valery and his team with a change of image – the side of the cars is decorated with the logo of the new title sponsor, the alcohol brand Prime. By a strange coincidence, this season becomes the worst in <mask>'s career – he manages to finish only twice in the races of the championship of Ukraine, never once taking the podium. Unsuccessfully things are going on and the team – for the first time in its history, it falls to the third place in the standings of collectives. As a result, cooperation with the vodka ceases, and in the new season, the people of Kiev are under a new brand. 2009—2013: Mentos Ascania Racing
In 2009, the name of the Gorban team appears for the first time the name of its main company – Ascania. The season of 2009 did not become a breakthrough, although he brought the pilot the first podium in the Bukovina rally in two years, and the team headed by him returned to the top of the standings.But 2010 turned out to be much more successful. Already from the first races it becomes clear that <mask> has seriously added in speed, as evidenced by the victories in the rally "Chumatsky Shlyakh", "Lviv Standard", "Alexandrov Rally" and "Alushta". And although in the decisive race, the rally "Yalta", the absolute championship again goes to Salyuk Jr., the season for <mask> ends on a positive note: the Ukrainian Cup in the rally is won, in the championship "silver" is won, the team again becomes the first among the teams. The long-awaited champion crown goes to Valery a year later, in 2011, and, as many have noted, this is not without the help of Fortune. After the first race, held in Kherson, partner <mask> and his main competitor Alexander Salyuk, Jr., playing squash, breaks his collarbone and misses two championship races. Thus, the main rival of Valery in the struggle for the title is Odessa Yuri Kochmar – but he by coincidence passes one (final) stage of the championship. All this gave an occasion to the ill-wishers of <mask> to call his championship an accident, despite a convincing victory in the rally "Kievan Rus" and prizes in the rally "Chumatsky Shlyakh" and "Alushta".Being in the status of the current champion of Ukraine, <mask> began the 2012 season from the podiums for the rally "Galicia" and "Mariupol", and by the middle of the season was on par with the departed by the time Alexander Salyuk, the youngest. However, the refusals of technology in Yalta and Kherson led to the fact that Valery not only gave the title to Alexander, but also dropped to the third line of the final protocol. At the same time, <mask> and the silver medalist Nikolai Chmykh-juny scored the same number of points, after which the seats were distributed according to additional indicators. The 2013 season was a brilliant revenge <mask> in the championship fight. At the beginning of the season, both favorites are transplanted to higher-class cars: <mask> on the Mini Cooper RRC, Salyuk on the Ford Fiesta R5. Valery wins "Chumatsky Shlyakh" and "Galicia", while Alexander's victory is a victory in the "Alexandrov Rally" and the rally "Yalta". Everything is decided on the last race, the Trembit rally – and here Salyuk, unable to withstand the tension, gets off the track at the first stage, and <mask> becomes the absolute champion of Ukraine for the second time in his career.After this success, being at the peak of the form, Valery <mask> stops his performances in the Ukrainian championship, fully focusing on the starts in the world championship. 2014 — :Eurolamp World Rally Team
Valery <mask>’s career has been undergoing changes since 2014. The team completely changed its colors and naming sponsor. Bright red colors became a thing of the past. Instead, Mini Cooper RRC got its new appearance - bright green with a red stripe alongside. Eurolamp brand has first become recognizable and associated with the up-to-date technologies in motor sport and thereafter in everyday life. Early triumphs have been achieved already during the first year of rallying under new colors, when the team reached chemistry with its vehicle in WRC-2 standings.The second season on Mini Cooper RRC showed stability: 100% finish in 7 races, 2 victories on special stages and 10th place got in WRC-2 standings. The team’s debut season was even more impressive. Eurolamp WRT got 87 points and 3rd place following the results of 2014. Valery <mask> and Vladimir Korsi started 2015 with a podium – their crew took third place in WRC-2 standings during the Swedish rally. But the next sessions turned into a complete disappointment – there were 6 starts and only 3 finishes. At the season end, Valery <mask>’s 20 credit points allowed him to get 19th place in the final classification of WRC-2 standings. 5 victories on special stages of WRC-2 standings were the only thing to be proud of.2016 was marked by new technical regulations and minor vehicle upgrade. And the team had to raise its vehicle status - Mini John Cooper Works RRC turned into Mini John Cooper Works WRC. The vehicle appeared to be uncompetitive under the RRC specification in view of the new regulation requirements and compared with R5 class vehicles. But the most important thing was that its developer –Prodrive company - had no ideas of how to modify the car to meet new requirements. Having the highest-category car at his disposal, Valery <mask>’s goal was to be in TOP10 in the overall standings. And it happened at the Mexican rally. 15th place was the best achievement in subsequent races of the season.At the end of 2016, Valery <mask> was on the last 25th position in the final ranking of the World Rally Championship. For the first time since 2013, Valery <mask> used to participate in a rally on his native land. His Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution 9 started in the Star Fortetsya rally and easily won the victory with a tremendous advantage over the second prize-winner. His second start in Ukraine was at the end of the rally season, when Valery decided to surprise everyone with Mini John Cooper Works WRC notable by its very colorful painting. 2017 became the year of change. The Estonian Sergei Larens occupied the seat on the right of Valery <mask>, and the newly created team started in the new WRC-Trophy, where the previous-generation RC1 vehicles were allowed to participate. 2018 was started with a new program.It was decided to participate in the Latvian and Estonian Rally Championships. Two championships had common first races. Crew of Valery <mask> and Sergei Larens became the leader in both of them thanks to their victory at the season start and a prize place got in the next stage. In May, the championships’ paths diverged and the crew confirmed its leading ambitions in the Latvian Talsi rally. The Estonian spring-and-summer season started with Tallinn Rally and Viru Rally. Georg Gross - the three-time champion of Estonia - joined the battle right there. Two second places and keen struggle allowed the crew to talk about bright finish of the championship season.The crew failed to compete at the extremely popular Estonian rally held as the stages of Latvian and Estonian championships. Valery <mask>’s injury got when landing on one of the hills did not allow the crew to realize its potential to the full extent. Eurolamp WRT had to miss the next common stage of two championships. Although it remained to be the leader of two championships owing to the credits earned earlier. In 2019, it was decided to continue competitions in rally competitions in Latvia and Estonia. The winter part has traditionally started with stages in the east of Latvia. The fight for victory at the Aluxne rally in January went to the last special stages with Oliver Solberg, unfortunately the broken wheel did not allow to reach its full potential.As a result, the crew was satisfied with the second place in the overall standings. The next stage in Gulben did not allow to continue the podium series due to the loss of time in one of the turns. In May, due to the cancellation of the Estonian round, the crew was able to start in Ukraine. The restored Rally Fortecya was at a very high level, and the crew of Valery <mask> and Sergei Larens did not know the equal paths of Podillya. Fighting on two fronts continued in stages in Latvia and Estonia. In the summer, two silver awards were awarded in Estonia, but as a result of the year the victorious champagne crew never knew. This time, the results in the two championships, as well as last season, were also the same, but the championship unit changed to three.Career in the World Rally Championship

For the first time at the World Championship, Valery <mask> started in 2009. The first attempt turned out to be quite successful: the Kyivan took the third place in the N4 class at the Polish rally. However, a full program of performances in the world championship was deployed two years later, in 2011. The Mentos Ascania Racing team entered the World Cup 2011 with three crews, the first pilots in which were Valery <mask>, Alexander Salyuk, Jr. and Alexey Kikireshko. All three participated in the Production WRC and took part in six stages of the series. <mask> began the season with confidence – with the fourth place in Sweden and the fifth in Portugal, but then the results somewhat deteriorated. Only once, in Australia, Valery managed to climb again to the fifth place.However, and at the same time <mask> became the best representative of the team in this draw of the championship, taking the 8th position in the PWRC standings. Significantly better for Valery next season, during which he also took part in six stages of the Production WRC. In the first race in Argentina, the crew of Valery <mask> and Andrei Nikolaev climbed to the podium, and a few weeks later in Greece he managed to win his first victory in the World Cup. During the season, third place was added to this in Italy and two fourth in New Zealand and Spain, which in total allowed the crew to become the first Ukrainian athletes to become bronze medalists of the World Rally Championship. Starting in 2013, <mask> transplanted to the higher-class equipment, the Mini Cooper RRC car, thus taking part in the classification of the newly formed WRC 2. The significantly increased level of competition plus the necessary period of adaptation to the new car does not allow <mask> to show the same high results in the 2013 season. 2014 was a year of change.A new coloring in the colors Eurolamp, brings the prize in the team event 3 place, and in the personal classification the 10th. In 2015, Valery again enjoys the prize champagne, the third place in the WRC-2 standings, was won in the rally of Sweden. In 2016 Valery brought to the launch of the Mini John Cooper Works WRC. At the end of the season, the asset was 1 point and 25th place in the final classification. 2017god not pleased with success in the absolute standings, the best achievement was the 13th place in the rally of Mexico, but the new-old assistant Valeria, Sergei Larens, became an accomplice in four victories in the WRC-Trophy standings. Ring races
For quite a long period of time, Valery <mask> has acted in parallel both in rallying and in ring racing. In the Ukrainian championship, he started only twice, during 2006 – but even so, having won 4 races (two in each of the stages), he became the vice-champion of Ukraine in A3 class.However, most of <mask>'s round starts took place at the German Nürburgring circuit as part of the German championship for many hours of VLN racing. Debut in the endurance race fell in 2004. The debut starts for Honda Civic brought two wins in the class. 2005 did not bring catwalks in the class and next season Valery <mask> moves to the BMW M3 E46. Since 2006, <mask>'s partner has been Stanislav Gryazin for many years. In the three races of the season, an international blow has extracted one bronze and one silver in the class, and the finish in the top twenty has become common. In 2007 comes the first joint victory in its class, a little later and the second, three finishes in the first ten of the absolute test showed the level of the crew, which 2008 starts with the next update of equipment, this time at the disposal of Valery and Stanislav Porsche 996 RSR, which allowed to fight for victories on the North loop.In 9 races of the season, the crew finishes 6 times in the top-10, once the crew was a step from the podium of the absolute standings, 4th place remained the highest achievement of Valery in the absolute standings of the VLN races. In 2008 Valery <mask> took part in the cult race ADAC Zurich 24h Rennen, the international crew saw the finish in the tenth place of the absolute standings. In 2009, joint performances could not be continued because of the refusal of the German Consulate to extend the visa to Stanislav Gryazin, Valeri <mask> only went on a start in the crew with Olexii Kikireshko and Ralph Wagner, but 2 in the class. remained the only and for today the last finish of Kiev in the endurance race. Social activity
<mask> was a member of the Automobile Federation of Ukraine (FAU), for many years joining the various governing structures of this organization. So, in 2005, Valery joined the FAU Presidium, and, beginning in 2008, focused on the development of rally discipline, joining the FAU Rally Committee, and in 2012 heading it. <mask>'s chairmanship saw an increase in Ukrainian activity in rallying.Ukraine hosted several stages of the European Rally Cup, held joint competitions with the Russian and Belarusian automobile federations. In 2012, the chairman of the FIA rally committee Jonathan Ashman visited the country, at a meeting with which the prospects of holding the World Rally Championship stage in the Carpathians were discussed. At the initiative and with the support of <mask> <mask>, such progressive innovations as the broadcasting of the results of the competition online, the broadcasting of a specialized rally radio, the installation of participants' cars for the safety of GPS trackers, the ban on more than two uses of the same ones the same special stages and much more. Largely thanks to these innovations, Ukraine has risen in the ranks of the World Countries Ranking rankings from the 27th place in 2011 to the 13th in 2012, and then to the 5th in 2013. <mask> resigned from all posts in the automobile federation in early 2014. WRC results

WRC results

PWRC results

WRC-2 results

WRC Trophy results

References

External links

Profile on ewrc-results.com

1973 births
Living people
World Rally Championship drivers
Ukrainian rally drivers

masks:
Valeriy Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Valery Gorban
Valery Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Valeriy
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Valeriy
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Gorban
Valeriy
Gorban
Gorban