title: Martyn Percy

texts:
 considered to represent the liberal tradition in the Church of England. His viewpoints typically argue for the "middle ground" between evangelical and catholic positions, with appeals to Anglican comprehensiveness, and the tradition of respecting theological differences. <mask>'s main interlocutors in his writings comprise a trinity of American theologians: Daniel W. Hardy, Urban T. Holmes III, and James F. Hopewell.<mask> is a proponent of "generous orthodoxy", and argues for a theological approach that copes with "serious forms of dispute and threat[s] of schism." In 2018, a group of scholars from the fields of sociology, anthropology, musicology, theology and ecclesiology published a book (edited by Ian Markham and Joshua Daniels) on <mask>'s work to date, based on an earlier symposium engaging with <mask>'s writings, held at Virginia Theological Seminary (Washington DC) in 2016. The subsequent Reasonable Radical? Reading the Writings of <mask> <mask> offers a broad guide to the compass of <mask>'s work. <mask> has adopted a progressive outlook on a number of social issues, such as LGBTQ rights and the ordination of women. However his writings affirm orthodox Christian positions on the incarnation, atonement, resurrection and ascension; he has consistently defended the historicity of Jesus’ healing and nature miracles. Noted for his work on fundamentalism and revivalism, for which he engages with sociology and anthropology, he was described in the academic journal Theology, by Nigel Rooms, as the British theologian who is the closest to being a "missionary anthropologist".In 2002, <mask> co-founded the Society for the Study of Anglicanism with Tom Hughson, which meets annually at the American Academy of Religion and is now in a full partnership with Virginia Theological Seminary. <mask> has served as chair of committee (the oversight body) for Cliff College – a Methodist Bible college in the evangelical-charismatic tradition – and also works with a number of other evangelical groups. He is a vice-president of Modern Church and has been a member of the Faculty of Theology and Religion at the University of Oxford since 2004. From 2014 he has also taught for the Said Business School and for the Department of Sociology at the university. <mask> has been a regular contributor to The Guardian, BBC Radio Four, and the BBC World Service. Activism and views

Anglican unity
<mask> is a social thinker, moralist and commentator, with his activism and writings addressing concerns for social justice and equality. He has spoken and written about the threat of schism in the Anglican Communion, arguing that churches should embrace the diversity of belief that exists, rather than allowing such divisions to result in separation.In anticipation of the October 2003 Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting, which took place in the wake of the ordination of Gene Robinson as Episcopal Bishop of New Hampshire, the communion's first openly gay bishop, he wrote of the need for a "slight loosening of the ties", to avoid a divorce. Illustrating this, he described Anglicanism as an "archipelago – a connection of provincial islands that shares doctrinal, liturgical and cultural aspects", as opposed to being "one vast, catholic continent". He made similar remarks following Jeffrey John's withdrawal as Bishop of Reading, in July 2003, suggesting that the debate on gay rights should instead be shifted towards reflecting on the "more central gospel themes". Church leadership
<mask> has been critical of Justin Welby's leadership as Archbishop of Canterbury, in particular his "managerial" style. <mask> described Welby's plans to send senior clergy on leadership courses, contained in the 2014 report of the Lord Green Steering Group, as showing a poor judgment of the church's priorities and lacking in theological understanding. He went on to say that Welby's targets for efficiency and growth were not reflective of the Christian mission, given that Jesus "didn't spend a lot of time going on about success." In August 2016, <mask> renewed his criticism of Welby, describing the direction he was leading the Church of England as being "driven by mission-minded middle managers" that alienated congregations and the wider British public.He also raised further concerns about plans to divert funding away from traditional rural parishes and towards evangelical inner-city churches, warning that "it will take more to save the Church of England than a blend of the latest management theory". <mask> has also commented on an emerging theological anaemia among bishops in the Church of England, and highlighted the weaknesses and risks this poses for Anglican polity. LGBTQ rights

In an essay published in December 2015, <mask> outlined his views on homosexuality, questioning the teaching that it is sinful and unnatural. Regarding the controversy surrounding the issue in the worldwide Anglican Communion, he noted that the church's position has alienated an increasingly progressive country, particularly the younger generation of Christians in Britain; he also called on Justin Welby to formally apologise for the church's role in introducing homophobic teachings to cultures across the British Empire, during the 19th century:

Just days before the commencement of the January 2016 Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting, <mask> joined with over 100 other senior Anglicans, including Alan Wilson (Bishop of Buckingham) and David Ison (Dean of St Paul's), in calling on archbishops Welby and Sentamu to acknowledge the failings of the Anglican Communion in its treatment of LGBTQ people. Following the decision of the primates to penalise the US Episcopal Church, for voting to redefine marriage at its 2015 general convention, <mask> expressed his disappointment. He went on to say that the meeting's statement regarding this action, "had nothing to say about LGBT Christians, and that's a lost opportunity". Politics
In the wake of the United Kingdom EU membership referendum in June 2016, <mask> has argued that a national "failure of liberal values" was made evident by the result.He has also suggested the need for a more "broad church" approach to British party politics, potentially in the form of a new centre-left party that is "authentically rooted in modern, progressive socialism, and equally true to modern, progressive, democratic liberal values". Safeguarding
Since 2015, <mask> has been actively involved in the campaign to restore the reputation of Bishop George Bell, following the Church of England's decision to compensate a woman who alleged that she had been sexually abused by Bell. He is a member of the George Bell Group and has published a number of key articles questioning the competence of those who have presumed Bell to be a perpetrator of abuse. A subsequent independent report by Lord Carlile of Berriew found that there was no basis in law for presuming that the allegations made against Bell could have been sustained. In March 2018, <mask> called for the church to develop an independent self-regulating authority to handle safeguarding issues, arguing that the churches can only be ultimately trusted as public bodies if they voluntarily relinquish some control over their own policies and practices. <mask>’s work on behalf of victims of sexual abuse in the church has continued alongside IICSA (Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse) reports focussing on the Church of England. This has included calling for better training and regulation in the churches, and greater fairness, justice and remedy for both the victims of abuse and those who may be falsely accused.Women bishops
Following the General Synod's narrow rejection of a motion to legalise the ordination of women as bishops in November 2012, <mask> wrote in The Daily Telegraph criticising church leaders for failing to create sufficient consensus about the issue. He described the view of opponents to the motion as maintaining a "conceit of modern times" by their fundamentalist rejection of diversity. He also voiced the need for the church to be "transformed by the renewal of our minds" in its approach to the inclusion of women in the Anglican Communion, by moving towards a "new future". In February 2017, he suggested that Bishop Philip North either decline his nomination as Bishop of Sheffield or renounce the views of The Society, a conservative body which does not recognise or receive the ministry of ordained women, or men ordained by women bishops. North later withdrew his acceptance of the nomination, citing "personal attacks". In a radio discussion of North's decision, <mask> refuted the accusation that his position demonstrated a form of "liberal intolerance". He reasoned that resistance to discrimination is not equivalent to intolerance.Personal life
<mask> has the distinction of being the only living theologian mentioned and quoted in Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code (chapter 55), where Sir Leigh Teabing says, "Everything you need to know about the Bible can be summed up by the great canon doctor <mask> <mask>: 'The Bible did not arrive by fax from heaven.'" <mask> is married to <mask>, who is chaplain and fellow at Trinity College, Oxford, and together they have two sons. He is a member of the Labour Party, a teetotaler and a lifelong supporter of Everton Football Club. His hobbies include running, playing squash, cinema, and listening to jazz. In addition to the work edited by Markham and Daniel, Reasonable Radical? Reading the Writings of Martyn <mask> (2017), which focuses on <mask>'s theology, the Northern Irish poet Peter McDonald's Five Psalms for Martyn <mask> reworks Psalms 8, 25, 94, 98 and 114 in poetic form to explore aspects of <mask>'s life using elegy, lament, hope, justice and vindication. Published works

Key essays in edited books

Other publications
<mask> is the founding commissioning senior editor for three current book series with the publisher Routledge.The Explorations in Practical and Pastoral Theology Series (since 2002, with Jeff Astley, Leslie Francis and Nicola Slee – to date, 50 publications); the Contemporary Ecclesiology Series (since 2010 with Bruce Kaye and Tom Hughson SJ – to date, 20 publications); and the Congregational Music Studies Series (since 2016, with Monique Ingalls, Zoe Sherinian and Mark Porter – to date, 10 publications). From 2010-2014, <mask> was commissioning series editor with Ian Markham for the Canterbury Press Studies in Anglicanism (comprising 7 edited volumes). Using three different pseudonyms, <mask> has also written other essays, papers, humour, articles, blog contributions and a number of shorter books. See also
 Oxford Centre for Ecclesiology and Practical Theology

References

External links

Christ Church official website
, hosted by the Oxford Union on 28 April 2016 (in opposition to the motion, This House Believes Religion Remains the Opiate of the Masses)
Patron of Educational Wealth Fund (2018)

1962 births
20th-century English Anglican priests
20th-century Anglican theologians
20th-century British theologians
20th-century Church of England clergy
21st-century English Anglican priests
21st-century Anglican theologians
21st-century British theologians
21st-century Church of England clergy
Alumni of Durham University
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Anglican socialists
British Christian socialists
British Christian theologians
Christian socialist theologians
Church of England priests
Deans of Christ Church, Oxford
Ecclesiologists
Fellows of King's College London
Hartford Seminary faculty
Labour Party (UK) people
LGBT rights activists from the United Kingdom
Living people
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Practical theologians
Staff of Ripon College

masks:
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Martyn
Percy
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Percy
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Percy
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Martyn
Percy
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Emma Percy
Percy
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Percy
Percy


title: Julius von Haast

type: original

texts:
Sir <mask>  (1 May 1822 – 16 August 1887) was a German-born New Zealand explorer, geologist, and founder of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch. Early life
<mask> was born on 1 May 1822 in Bonn, a town in the Kingdom of Prussia, to a merchant and his wife. As a child, he attended a local school but was also educated at a grammar school in Cologne. After completing his formal schooling, he then entered the University of Bonn, where he studied geology and mineralogy. However, he did not graduate. As a young man, he travelled throughout Europe before basing himself in Frankfurt, working in the trading of books and mineral samples collected on his journeys. On 26 October 1846, Haast married Antonia Schmitt at Frankfurt, Germany.The marriage, although unhappy, produced a son named Robert two years later. Haast was fluent in English and, in 1858, was contracted by a British shipping firm, A. Willis, Gann & Company, to report on the suitability of New Zealand for German emigrants. He travelled to London and in September of that year embarked aboard the Evening Star, destined for New Zealand. He arrived in Auckland on 21 December 1858 and, the following day, met the Austrian <mask> Hochstetter at the home of a German emigrant. Hochstetter, on a scientific cruise aboard the ship Novara, had been invited by the Governor of New Zealand, Thomas Gore Browne, to provide advice on a recent find of a coal field south of Auckland, in Drury. Haast discovered the two men had a shared interest in geology and they quickly became friends. Exploring New Zealand
Haast accompanied Hochstetter on his journey to Drury a few days later so that he could assess the natural resources and attractions of Auckland as a place for German immigration.Also present on the trip were several of Hochstetter's fellow scientists as well as the explorer and surveyor Charles Heaphy. Haast assisted Hochstetter in his investigations of the coalfield before the party pushed further south, interacting with local Māori and journeying along part of the Waikato River before returning to Auckland in early January 1859. Hochstetter's report on the Drury coalfield was well received and he was formally asked to conduct geological surveys of New Zealand. His work with the Novara expedition largely complete, he agreed to stay on in New Zealand for six months, although the Austrian government would pay his salary. Hochstetter, assisted by Haast, spent the first two months on geological expeditions in the immediate area around Auckland, for the most part examining extinct volcanic cones and a multitude of historic points of eruption. Hochstetter then turned his attention south, towards the Waikato area, and requested Haast join him. The Waikato, apart from a few roads and trails, was largely unknown—the expedition, which left Auckland on 7 March 1859, had to make its own maps on the journey south.In three months they travelled as far as Lake Taupō and also went as far west as Kāwhia Harbour and as far east as Maketu in the Bay of Plenty. Arriving back in Auckland on 24 May 1859, the party, which included a photographer, had covered 1000 kilometres. Numerous collected samples, sketches and photographs taken on the journey added to the scientific knowledge of the area. It was revealed to the citizens of Auckland during a well attended public lecture delivered by Hochstetter on 24 June. At the end of their journey south Hochstetter had told a reporter from the New Zealander that Haast had collected a great variety of statistical information to send home to Germany. It is likely however that Haast's main focus was on geography and geology. As Hochstetter adapted his technique in the study of a new country under adverse conditions, he later referred to Haast as his enthusiastic assistant, who not only helped but pushed him forward.At the same time Haast learnt a great deal from Hochstetter's great expertise. During June Hochstetter and Haast departed for the Coromandel to investigate the goldfields there. Then, in late July 1859, they travelled south by steamer to the Province of Nelson, stopping briefly at New Plymouth and Wellington on the way. After his lecture in Auckland, Hochstetter had received invitations from several other provinces to explore the geological makeup of their regions, but he had already accepted an invitation from the Nelson Provincial Council to inspect the mineral deposits of Nelson Province, which were believed to include gold, coal and copper. Again Haast assisted Hochstetter, and after they discovered moa bones in the Aorere Valley in Golden Bay, Hochstetter left Haast in charge of the dig while he continued with other fieldwork. Over several days, assisted by Christopher Maling of the provincial survey department, Haast extracted several near-complete skeletons of the long-extinct bird. Hochstetter then tasked him with carrying out independent fieldwork in Golden Bay and with investigating the mineral deposits to the east of Nelson.At Shakespeare Bay, near present-day Picton, he correctly predicted gold could be found based on his inspection of the rocks in the area. Haast returned to Nelson on 24 September 1859 and met up with Hochstetter, whose time in New Zealand was drawing to a close. Hochstetter delivered a public lecture, which included both his and Haast's geological findings, and his conclusion that the minerals in the area would contribute significantly to the wealth of the region was well received by the interested citizens of Nelson. One final common expedition at the end of September investigated a newly discovered coalfield in Golden Bay; Hochstetter then sailed for Sydney on 2 October. Following Hochstetter's departure from New Zealand, the Nelson Provincial Council asked Haast to build on the geological work already completed. In particular, he was to focus on identifying valuable minerals in the ranges between Nelson and the Grey River, to scout out travelling routes to Westland, and to complete a topographical map of the area. Before beginning the survey Haast visited Canterbury Province, possibly to complete his German immigration report for A. Willis, Gann & Company.Hochstetter had written ahead to the Canterbury Provincial Government apologising for not visiting personally, but informing them that Haast would soon go there and during his stay would gather geological information on his behalf. While there Haast proposed that following on from his work in Nelson he could undertake a similar survey of Canterbury's portion of the West Coast. Haast's topographical and geological survey of south west Nelson took eight months, from January to August 1860. His report to the Nelson Provincial Council was published in early 1861 and of note were his discoveries of coal near the present-day town of Westport. He also found that the coal seams discovered by Thomas Brunner in 1848 were of a higher quality than first thought. He found gold in several tributaries of the Upper Buller, and reported on his botanical and zoological findings. Life in Canterbury

When Haast arrived in Canterbury to begin his survey of their portion of the West Coast, the Superintendent of Canterbury William Moorhouse instead requested that he investigate the mountain range between Lyttelton and Christchurch.A rail tunnel was proposed through the mountain to link Lyttelton and Christchurch but engineers had encountered particular tough basaltic rocks which jeopardised the proposed route. As a result of Haast's work, the rail link was able to proceed. He became provincial geologist to Canterbury, a post which he held from 1861 to 1868. His work in this capacity saw Haast conducting numerous expeditions throughout Canterbury and Westland, making geological discoveries and topographical maps of the area. Late in 1861, he discovered a coal seam in Kowai and the following year searched for gold in the area around Aoraki/Mt Cook. He identified that the Mackenzie plains were once the bed of a major glacier and, as well as his geological observations, he collected numerous botanical specimens. He discovered and named many of the glaciers of the central South Island, including the Franz Joseph Glacier, in honour of the Emperor of Austria, Franz Joseph.He was the first person to study the bones of the extinct <mask>'s eagle. In 1870, Haast was appointed the curator of Canterbury Museum. The specimens that he collected on his expeditions of earlier years were a key part of the early holdings of the museum. Following the establishment of the Canterbury University College, he lectured in geology from 1873, and was made professor in 1876. In the 1870s Haast was involved with James Hector in one of New Zealand's "most bitter scientific arguments" involving the extinction of the Moa and Moa-hunter origins; the "Sumner Cave Controversy"; see Moriori in popular culture. Haast held that the Moriori Moa-hunters preceded Māori to New Zealand. His Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland, N.Z., was published in 1879.He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1867, and was given a hereditary knighthood by the Emperor of Austria in 1875. He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Gold Medal in 1884 for his explorations in New Zealand. Later life and legacy
Haast travelled to England in 1886, as New Zealand's commissioner to the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. While there, he was made Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George for his services. He had previously been made a Companion of the same order three years previously. Haast died on 16 August 1887, following his return to Christchurch. He is buried in the grounds of Holy Trinity Church in Stanmore Road, Christchurch.He was survived by his second wife, Mary Dobson, daughter of the Canterbury Provincial Engineer Edward Dobson, and the couple's five children. Several places in New Zealand are named after Haast, including Haast Pass and the Haast River (both named by himself). The town of Haast is located at the mouth of the Haast River. The schist found in New Zealand is called the "Haast Schist" as a tribute to his contributions to geology. James Mackay (1831–1912) named two peaks after Haast: Mount Haast in the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana and Mount Haast near Springs Junction in the Buller District. The Haast Glacier and Haast Range in the Southern Alps were named by James Hector. The Haast Ridge was named by William Spotswood Green.Notes

References

External links

Specimens collected by <mask> <mask> on BloodhoundTracker

1822 births
1887 deaths
Burials at Holy Trinity Avonside
Directors of Canterbury Museum, Christchurch
Explorers of New Zealand
German emigrants to New Zealand
19th-century German geologists
German ornithologists
German paleontologists
New Zealand explorers
New Zealand Fellows of the Royal Society
19th-century New Zealand geologists
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
People from Christchurch
University of Bonn alumni
University of Canterbury faculty

masks:
Johann Franz Julius von Haast
Johann Franz Julius Haast
Ferdinand von
Haast
Julius von
Haast


title: Alka Lamba

texts:
<mask> (born 21 September 1975) is an Indian politician. After serving the Indian National Congress in various capacities for more than 20 years, she quit to join the Aam Aadmi Party on 26 December 2014. In February 2015, <mask> was elected to the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Chandni Chowk. She quit AAP in September 2019 citing disrespect for her within the party. On 6 September 2019, she formally returned to the Congress party. She was however disqualified from the Delhi assembly by Delhi speaker for violating the rules for party change over in a gesture of strong warning to tainted turncoats. <mask> began her career as a student leader, and is former President of Delhi University Students' Union, former National President of National Students' Union of India, former General Secretary of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee and former Secretary of All India Congress Committee.She is Chairperson of the NGO Go India Foundation. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in New Delhi, India to Amar Nath <mask>, an Indian Army Civilian Engineer and Raj Kumari <mask>, a homemaker. She is one of six siblings. Education
<mask> completed her schooling at the Government Girls Senior Secondary School No.1, Delhi. Later she obtained her BSc degree from Dyal Singh College, Delhi (Delhi University) in 1996. Subsequently, she pursued her Masters in Chemistry and Education from the Bundelkhand University, Uttar Pradesh. Personal life
<mask> married Lokesh Kapoor but the marriage did not last.They are currently divorced. They have a son named Hrithik <mask>. Political career
<mask> was only 19 years old when she began her political career in 1994 as a second year B.Sc. student. She joined the National Students' Union of India (NSUI), the student wing of the Congress party and was promptly given the responsibility of being Delhi State Girl Convener. After one year in 1995, she contested the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) election for the post of President and won by a huge margin. In 1996, she worked as All India Girl Convener for NSUI, and in 1997 she was appointed as the President of all India (NSUI).In 2002, she was appointed as the General Secretary of All India Mahila Congress. In 2003, she unsuccessfully contested Delhi Assembly elections from Moti Nagar Constituency against the senior BJP leader Madan Lal Khurana. In 2006 she became a member of All India Congress Committee (AICC) and was appointed as General Secretary of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee (DPCC). At the same time she was also appointed as Vice Chairperson of National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD), an autonomous body of Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. She was a Secretary All India Congress Committee (AICC) at the Indian National Congress from 2007 to 2011. She left Indian National Congress in December 2014 to join Aam Aadmi Party. In February 2015, <mask> contested in Delhi Legislative Assembly election from Chandni Chowk constituency on Aam Aadmi Party's ticket.She defeated her nearest rival, Suman Kumar Gupta of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 18,287 votes. In September 2019, she quit the Aam Aadmi Party and rejoined the Indian National Congress party as she was disenchanted for quite some time with the AAP leadership. <mask> had openly disagreed with the AAP leadership regarding the passing of a resolution in December 2018 to revoke former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi's Bharat Ratna. <mask> has visited the UK, Russia, the US, China, and Venezuela to attend seminars and give speeches about women's empowerment, human rights and sustainable development in third world nations. In 2005, she visited Venezuela to attend the World Festival of Youth and Students. In 2006, she visited the US to attend a conference on international women's leadership programs. In 2007 and 2008, she visited London to attend the UN's International Widows Day and tourism and cultural festival.In 2008–2009, <mask> visited Nepal to attend a seminar on disaster management programs. In 2010, <mask> travelled across Brunei, Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Maldives with the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay. Controversies
In August 2015, a few months after she had been elected MLA for the Chandni Chowk constituency, <mask> was charged with vandalism and destruction of property in an incident which occurred within her own constituency. On 10 August 2015, a mob armed with lathis, swagger sticks and cricket bats attacked and badly vandalized a liquor shop located in the Kashmere Gate area of old Delhi. CCTV footage recorded shows <mask> leading the attack and vandalising the shop along with her supporters. The footage shows her reaching straight for the shop counter and violently pushing and spilling and throwing away the items on the counter. Following this, her supporters also vandalised the shop.According to reports, this happened because the shopkeeper was a BJP supporter and had objected to the AAP defacing his shop windows with posters eulogising <mask> and her party. Representing National Commission for Women on 16 July 2012, as one of the member of the enquiry team of 2012 Guwahati molestation case, Lamba met the victim of a Guwahati molestation case, held a press-conference and revealed the victim's identity. The 'tip-off' made local media houses work overtime to find the victim's real identity. Some TV channels interviewed the victim's neighbours to come to the conclusion that the girl's name was not what she was forced to say by the channel that recorded her molestation and near-stripping. Such acts of Lamba's were widely criticised. Following this, she was removed from the fact-finding committee of NCW. Social work
A non-governmental organisation named Go India Foundation ran by Alka Lamba got attention in 2010 during its blood donation campaigning.Significantly, over 65000 people donated blood in one day. The campaign was promoted by Salman Khan. Elections contested

Delhi Legislative Assembly

References

1975 births
Living people
Presidents of Delhi University Students Union
Women members of the Delhi Legislative Assembly
Delhi MLAs 2015–2020
Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi
Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi
Delhi University alumni
People from New Delhi
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Trade unionists from Delhi
Indian women trade unionists
Bundelkhand University alumni

masks:
Alka Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Alka
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba


title: James Hannington

texts:
<mask> (3 September 1847 – 29 October 1885) was an English Anglican missionary and martyr. He was the first Anglican bishop of East Africa. Early life
<mask> was born on 3 September 1847 at Hurstpierpoint in Sussex, England, about eight miles from Brighton, where his father ran a warehouse, and was part of the family that ran Hanningtons department stores. His father, <mask>, had recently acquired the property known as St George's. During his childhood, <mask> was a collector and he blew off his thumb with black powder. For <mask>'s early education a tutor had been engaged, but when he was thirteen he was sent to the Temple School at Brighton, where he remained for the next two-and-a-half years, although he was an indifferent student. <mask> left school at fifteen to work in his father's Brighton counting house.He obtained a commission in the 1st Sussex Artillery Volunteer Corps in 1864 and rose to the rank of major. Under his training and supervision, his detachment won prizes at the annual camp competitions. Ministry

The family were Congregationalists but joined the Church of England in 1867. In that year the chapel which <mask>'s father had built in the grounds of his property in 1852 was licensed for Anglican services. At twenty-one, <mask> decided to pursue a clerical career, and entered university at St Mary Hall, Oxford; he was President of the Red Club and captain of the St Mary Hall Boat. In 1872, the death of his mother spurred a change in <mask>'s life; he was awarded his BA, and on 1 March 1874 was made a deacon (by Frederick Temple, Bishop of Exeter, at Exeter Cathedral), and took a  curacy of Martinhoe with Trentishoe, Devon. Having been ordained priest, in 1875 <mask> became curate-in-charge at St George's, Hurstpierpoint where he stayed until volunteering for missionary work in East Africa in 1882.He had by then been married for five years. Around 1882, <mask> heard of the murder of two missionaries on the shores of Lake Victoria. This led to him offering himself to the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and he left England on 17 May, setting sail for Zanzibar on 29 June, as the head of a party of six missionaries. Crippled by fever and dysentery, <mask> was forced to return to England in 1883. On 24 June 1884 (St John the Baptist's Day), having recovered, <mask> was ordained and consecrated a bishop by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Mary-at-Lambeth, to serve the See of Eastern Equatorial Africa, and in January 1885, at age thirty-seven,  <mask> again departed for Africa. His diocese included missions of the CMS at the coast and inland in Buganda. While there <mask> collected a number of shells which were described by E. A. Smith in two papers in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.After arriving at Freretown, near Mombasa, in Kenya, <mask> determined to pioneer a shorter and healthier highland road to Buganda, using Christian porters and undercutting the Arab slave route to the south. He was oblivious to the political consequences of traversing Busoga, a strategically sensitive area for the Buganda state. The sudden intrusion of German imperialism at the coast made the Kabaka of Buganda Mwanga II, even more suspicious of <mask>'s motives. An oracle (emmandwa) had said that Buganda's conqueror would come from the east. Mwanga forbade <mask> from continuing through Busoga and sent boats to take him to Sukumaland, but <mask> refused. Together with his team, he safely reached a spot near Lake Victoria on 21 October, but, under the orders of Mwanga II of Buganda, the missionaries were imprisoned in Busoga by Basoga chiefs. After eight days of captivity, by order from Mwanga II, <mask>'s porters were killed, and on 29 October 1885, <mask> himself was speared in both sides.As he died, his alleged last words to the soldiers who killed him were: "Go, tell Mwanga I have purchased the road to Uganda with my blood." Alexander William Mackay, who had first-hand knowledge of events from the Buganda side, in letters dated 2 May 1886, wrote:

"Had the matter of the Busoga route been the real point at issue, the king needed only to adopt our advice at the time, and request the Bishop to return to the neighbourhood of Kwa Sundu in Kavirondo, whither the boat had gone for him. But he was determined on shedding the blood of one whom he believed was a European of higher standing than merely an ordeinary missionary or traveler, as 'a challenge to the whole of Europe' as he said himself ... this case was absolutely unprovoked and unjustifiable on any ground, the extent of the crime being much increased by the fact that our brethren were coming after the King's own repeated invitation, although they themselves were, perhaps, not aware of that fact. Further we gave the King perfectly to understand who they were, and why they came via the east, viz., to avoid the Germans"

Widespread persecution of Christians followed, many being killed or sold to Arab slavers. Joseph Mukasa Balikuddembe, a Roman Catholic and an official at Mwanga's court, rebuked the king for the deed, and was beheaded for it. <mask> and his companions were among the first Martyrs of Uganda. The location of <mask>'s remains was divulged to Bishop Alfred Tucker in 1892 and on 31 December 1892, his remains were reburied at Namirembe.He is commemorated by the Hannington memorial chapel in Namirembe Cathedral, Kampala, Uganda. <mask>'s feast day (Lesser Festival) in the Church of England is 29 October. A dedication stone, erected in his memory along with the Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, West Blatchington, Hove, England in 1938, bears the inscription "Thou hast turned my heaviness into joy". See also
Anglican Church of Kenya
Anglican Church of Tanzania
Church of Uganda
Bishop of Uganda
Saints in Anglicanism
Lake Bogoria (formerly Lake Hannington)

References

Citations

Sources

</ref>

External links
 Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, Hove, UK
 Hanningtons Caves. Trentishoe

1847 births
1885 deaths
1885 crimes
19th-century Anglican bishops in Africa
19th-century Christian saints
19th-century executions by Uganda
Alumni of St Mary Hall, Oxford
Anglican bishops of Mombasa
Anglican missionaries in Kenya
Anglican missionaries in Tanzania
Anglican missionaries in Uganda
Anglican saints
British people murdered abroad
English Anglican missionaries
English saints
Executed people from West Sussex
People executed by Buganda
People executed by stabbing
People from Hurstpierpoint
People murdered in Uganda

masks:
James Hannington
Hannington
Charles Smith Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
James
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
James Hannington


title: Jan Verkolje

texts:
<mask> or <mask> (Amsterdam, baptized on 9 February 1650 – Delft, buried on 8 May 1693) was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and engraver. He is mainly known for his portraits and genre pieces of elegant couples in interiors and, to a lesser extent, for his religious and mythological compositions. He was a gifted mezzotint artist. Trained in Amsterdam, <mask> spent his active professional career in Delft where he had access to powerful patrons. Life

<mask> was the son of Benjamin Jacobsz, a locksmith, and Maria Tonnes. He was baptized in the Nieuwezijds Kapel in Amsterdam on 9 February 1659. The early artist biographer Arnold Houbraken recounts that <mask> was a child prodigy, who became a self-taught artist after hurting himself while playing with darts as a child.As the injury on his heel or ankle did not heal well he was bedridden for years. To while away the time, he started to copy prints. The artist <mask> van Bronckhorst gave him high-quality prints to copy. Thus started his artistic career according to Houbraken. Subsequently <mask> studied for about half a year with <mask> Lievens (1644–1680), the son of the prominent painter <mask>. In 1672, the so-called rampjaar (disaster year), which was marked by a large-scale invasion of the Dutch Republic by French and other armies, <mask> moved from Amsterdam to Delft. Here he married Judith Voorheul in October 1672.He became a member of the Guild of St. Luke of Delft in 1673 and served as its dean between 1678 and 1688. <mask> was very successful and enjoyed the patronage of important patrons in Delft as well as the court in the Hague. As a portrait painter his only competitor in Delft was Cornelis de Man. His sons Nikolaas <mask> (Delft, 1673 – Amsterdam, 1746) and <mask> (Delft, 1683 – Amsterdam, 1755) were trained by <mask> as painters. Nikolaas had a successful career. <mask>'s other pupils included Albertus van der Burch, Joan van der Spriet, Willem Verschuring, and Thomas van der Wilt. In addition to these pupils, Houbraken also mentions Henrik Steenwinkel.<mask> died in Delft in 1693 aged 43 when he was at the peak of his fame. He was buried in the Oude Kerk (Delft). He left a wife, three sons and two daughters. Work

General

<mask> was a versatile artist who worked as a painter, draughtsman and engraver. His subject matter was mainly portraits and genre scenes. He was also a gifted mezzotint artist, who according Houbraken, discovered the technique on his own. Portrait painting
Verkolje was a prolific portrait artist who created portrait paintings, drawings, and prints.In his portrait work Verkolje was representative of the style then current in The Hague and Amsterdam rather than that in vogue in Delft. Verkolje was much in demand as a portraitist and was able to fetch high prices for his portraits. His sitters were a who's who of Delft society of his time: the famous scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (whom he portrayed on canvas and in mezzotint), the prominent lawyer and bailiff Johan de la Faille and his wife (both works are in the Wadsworth Atheneum), the vicar Cornelius van Aken, the painter <mask> van Asch, and the burgomaster and historian Dirk van Bleiswijk. Verkolje also created portrait prints of international celebrities such as Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin, King James II of England, Willem III, Prince of Orange, and his wife, Mary Stuart. Of these celebrity subjects, only the Delft naturalist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was portrayed by Verkolje in a painting (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) as well as in a print. His other portraits of famous persons were mezzotint engravings after the work of other artists, such as Peter Lely, Willem Wissing and Godfrey Kneller. Most of Verkolje's known portrait drawings were made as preparation for his paintings.These drawings focused either on particular facial features and expressions or on the whole composition. Genre art
At the time Verkolje was active in Delft, Gerard ter Borch was the leading genre painter working in the city. Ter Borch was known for his meticulous working method which resulted in a very low output. Like other genre painters such as Gabriel Metsu and Frans van Mieris, Verkolje took advantage of the limited supply of Ter Borch genre paintings in the market by creating works that imitated the style of, or took their inspiration from, ter Borch. Verkolje's genre paintings typically depict elegant figures in interiors engaged in music making or the playing of games. Often the protagonists are couples engaged in courtship. A dog is always present.In The messenger (1674, the Mauritshuis) Verkolje reprises the theme of the delivery of a letter, which had been treated previously by other Delft artists such as Vermeer. The Messenger shows a young couple playing backgammon in an elegant room. They have been interrupted by a regimental messenger who has entered the room to deliver a letter likely calling the young man to duty. The young couple are clearly startled by the arrival of the messenger just as is the dog in the room. The openly emotional reaction of the participants in the scene contrasts with that of the persons in Vermeer's works when receiving letters. Vermeer's figures react in a more contemplative rather than an emotional manner. Verkolje also tended to add a greater naturalness to this figures than Vermeer.The portraits of Verkolje often doubled as genre pieces in their extensive detail and the addition of emblematic and symbolic elements. This is clear in the double Distinguished Gentleman and Lady in an Interior (at Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder). The crossed trunks of the trees visible outside on the left and their intertwined crowns possible symbolise the commitment to each other of the sitters while the fountain is likely an allegory of the source of life or a reference to fertility. Prints
<mask> started engraving in 1670. The mezzotint work of <mask> shows the influence of the smoother tone developed by Abraham Blooteling. Various of his prints were made after portraits by Lely and Wissing and were printed in England even though Verkolje likely never visited England. In addition to his portrait prints, Verkolje also produced prints of mythological scenes and genre scenes, some after Jacob Ochtervelt and Hendrick Terbrugghen.A well-known mezzotint work of Verkolje is the Venus and Adonis. It was made after a painting by Verkolje the whereabouts of which is now unknown. In the work Verkolje demonstrates his mastery of the mezzotint technique for which he was much admired in his time. He was able to render the textures of the fabrics in a very realistic manner and to visualise the softness of the clouds. References

External links

1650 births
1693 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch portrait painters
Dutch genre painters
Painters from Amsterdam
Artists from Delft
Painters from Delft
Dutch Golden Age printmakers

masks:
Jan Verkolje
Johannes Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Jan Gerritsz
Jan
Jan Andrea
Jan Lievens
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Jan II
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Pieter Jansz
Jan Verkolje
Jan Verkolje


title: Renzo Zorzi

texts:
<mask> (12 December 1946 – 15 May 2015)  was a racing driver from Italy who participated in seven Formula One Grands Prix between 1975 and 1977, for the Williams and Shadow teams. He began in Formula Three while working with Pirelli before progressing to Formula One. He later raced in sports cars before returning to work with Pirelli, running a driving school. He is the only driver from the province of Trentino to have competed in Formula One. Career

Formula Three
The son of a miner, <mask> was born in Ziano di Fiemme, Trentino, near the Austrian border. He became an engineer with Pirelli, and began his motor racing career in 1972, driving a Tecno for Scuderia Mirabella in Italian Formula Three. He debuted at Monza on 3 September, where he failed to qualify for the final.He competed more regularly the following year, initially with a Brabham BT38C, and then with a Quasar, finishing 12th at Vallelunga, before finishing 13th at Casale with the Brabham. He then managed 10th at Misano driving a Branca, before his best result of the season, sixth place at Varano in a Brabham BT35. In 1974, he campaigned a GRD 374 for Scuderia Mirabella, with Giorgio Francia as his team-mate. With this car he began to achieve better results, starting with sixth place at Casale and fifth at Monza beating Francia, before fifth place at Monaco driving a March 743. Back in the GRD, he managed 13th at the Nürburgring in a race won by Francia, followed by fifth again at Casale and sixth at Monza. He finished tenth in the championship. For 1975, Zorzi helped to develop a Formula Three engine for Lancia, built by the Repetto company.This was fitted to his GRD 374, replacing the original Ford engine, and with the GRD-Lancia he finished third at Varano, his first podium finish. As he was still without a win in the Italian category, it was a surprise when he won the European Formula Three Monaco Grand Prix support race in May, having qualified second to Larry Perkins and won heat two by eleven seconds. In a chaotic final, he gained two places when Tony Brise and Alex Ribeiro collided in front of him, and finished second on the track, 21 seconds behind Conny Andersson. When Andersson was penalised a minute for a jump start, <mask> inherited the victory, just 0.89 seconds ahead of the Safir of Patrick Nève. Back in the Italian championship, he subsequently finished seventh at Vallelunga, and sixth at Mugello. In the European category, he achieved two sixth places at the Nürburgring and the Ring Djursland in Denmark. But his Monaco success had provided the impetus for a step towards Formula One before the end of the 1975 season.Formula One: Williams
Later in 1975, <mask> arranged a deal with Frank Williams to drive one of his cars at the Italian Grand Prix. The Williams team was struggling at this time, and were using pay drivers to race the ageing FW03 which had failed to score any points so far that season. He qualified the car 22nd of the 28 entrants, just 0.71 seconds slower than his team-mate Jacques Laffite in the newer FW04. Running as high as 12th in the race, he was delayed by a puncture and finished 14th and last, six laps adrift of winner Clay Regazzoni. This was the last race for the car before Williams sold it to Loris Kessel. The arrangement continued at the first race of 1976, the Brazilian Grand Prix, although the team was now 60% owned by Walter Wolf and renamed Wolf-Williams. <mask> drove the FW04 while new team-mate Jacky Ickx drove the new FW05.<mask> qualified 17th of the 22 entrants, outqualifying 19th placed Ickx. He finished ninth of 14 classified finishers, just 2.44 seconds behind Ickx. However, his sponsorship money had run out and his time with Williams came to an end as he was replaced by Michel Leclère. For the rest of 1976, <mask> returned to Formula Three with the Modus team, and also raced sports cars. Among other results in the 1976 World Championship for Makes, he finished eighth in the 1976 6 Hours of Vallelunga in a Jolly Club-entered Lancia Stratos. 1977: <mask> returned to Formula One in 1977 with the Shadow team as team-mate to the highly-rated Welsh driver Tom Pryce, backed by their Italian sponsor Franco Ambrosio. Ambrosio demanded an Italian driver as part of the agreement for his financial support, and <mask> was chosen for this reason rather than through the choice of the team.At the first race in Argentina, driving the team's older DN5B, he qualified last of the 21 entrants, and climbed to 18th at the start before retiring on lap three with a gearbox failure. At the next race in Brazil, <mask> qualified 18th and in a race of attrition, finished sixth of the seven finishers, winning his only World Championship point in only his fourth Grand Prix. Pryce had been running second in the race behind eventual winner Carlos Reutemann, when his engine failed with seven laps remaining. However, tragedy struck in the following race in South Africa. Driving the team's new DN8, <mask> qualified 20th, and was running near the back of the field when he pulled off the track with a fuel leak caused by a broken metering unit. As he tried to detach the oxygen pipe from his helmet before getting out of the car, a fire erupted at the rear. Zorzi quickly got out of the car and activated his on-board fire extinguisher which doused the flames.Several seconds later, although the fire was out, two marshals ran across the track with hand-held fire extinguishers. Crossing the track just beyond a blind brow, the first marshal narrowly avoided the passing cars but the second marshal, Frederick Jansen Van Vuuren, was struck and killed by the car of Zorzi's teammate Pryce. Van Vuuren's fire extinguisher struck Pryce on his helmet, causing fatal head and neck injuries. The British press and some in the Shadow team blamed <mask> for the tragedy, suggesting his agitation in the cockpit trying to remove his oxygen pipe prompted the marshals to cross the track, believing Zorzi needed assistance. Pryce was replaced by future World Champion Alan Jones, who outperformed <mask> at the following two races. At Long Beach, Zorzi qualified 20th and retired with a gearbox failure, and in Spain he qualified 24th and retired with an engine failure. When <mask> arrived in Monaco for the 1977 Monaco Grand Prix, he found that his car had Riccardo Patrese's name on it, and that he had been replaced by Patrese, another Ambrosio protege, without being informed.Later career
After his Formula One career was over, <mask> occasionally raced in sports cars, mainly in Italy. He was a regular entrant to the 1000 km Monza race, winning it in 1979 in a Lola T286 with Marco Capoferri. The following year, he qualified on pole position in the Capoferri-Ford he shared with Claudio Francisci, also claiming fastest lap before the car retired. His last appearance in the event came in 1985, when the Porsche 956 he shared with Oscar Larrauri and Massimo Sigala for Brun Motorsport finished sixth. <mask> also had a one-off appearance in the Aurora AFX F1 championship in 1980, driving an Arrows A1 for Charles Clowes Racing in the Monza Lottery GP. He qualified eighth but retired after a collision. After retiring from racing, he returned to work for Pirelli, running a driving school for the company at Binetto in southern Italy.<mask> died on 15 May 2015, aged 68, in hospital in Magenta, Lombardy after a long illness. His funeral took place on 18 May in his birthplace of Ziano. He was survived by a son, Andrea. Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete British Formula One Championship results
(key)

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
People from Trentino
Italian racing drivers
Italian Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
Shadow Formula One drivers
British Formula One Championship drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers

masks:
Renzo Zorzi
Renzo Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Shadow Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Zorzi
Death Zorzi


title: Tammam Hassan

texts:
<mask> (Arabic: تمام حسان) (1918-2011) was an academic in the field of Arabic linguistics. Education and career
<mask> was born in 1918 in the Upper Egyptian village of ElKarank. In 1929 <mask> completed memorizing the Qur’an. The following year he moved to Cairo to attend Al-Azhar primary-school institute. He graduated from Al-Azhar high-school institute in 1939. He attended Dar Al-Ulom College, where he majored in Arabic Language and graduated in 1943 with an associate degree. He then continued to study education and psychology at Dar Al-Ulom College, graduating in 1945 (first honor award) with his teaching license.The following year he moved to London to learn English and finish his graduate studies. <mask> graduated from the University College London (UCL) in 1949 with his master in phonetics. His graduate thesis topic was The Phonetics of "ElKarank" Dialect (Upper Egypt). <mask> graduated in 1952 from the University College of London with his PhD in phonetics. His dissertation was titled, The Phonetics and Phonology of Aden Arabic (South Arabia). Following the completion of his studies, he traveled to Aden for six months to record the local dialect. The phonological model which he followed was prosodic analysis associated with the British linguists J.R.Firth.<mask> began his career as a teacher of Arabic at a high school in Cairo in 1945. The following year he became a teaching assistant in Arabic, at Dar Al-Ulom College in Cairo. He maintained this position until traveling to London to continue his studies. In 1952 <mask> became an associate professor of Oriental and Semitic Linguistic Studies. He published his first major work in 1955, Language Research Methods, an introductory work which established the use of descriptive method to analyze Fusha, classical Arabic. In 1956 <mask> became a volunteer officer in the Egyptian army during the British, French, and Israeli attack against Egypt. After the war in 1957, <mask> received a delegation for two months at the University of Michigan as part of the Fulbright Program.While in Michigan, he was trained to use modern devices for phonetics labs. He brought equipment with him to Egypt where he established the phonetics lab at the University of Cairo (Alarif, 2002). <mask> became a cultural attaché at the Egyptian Embassy to Lagos, Nigeria for five years where he linked the educational relations between the private Islamic educational organizations and Egypt. As a result of his connections to the Embassy, <mask> brought many Egyptian teachers to teach in Nigeria. While still in Nigeria in 1964, <mask> was promoted to full professor. The following year he returned to Egypt where he was appointed as the Chair of Arabic Syntax and morphology department and also as the Vice Dean of Dar Al-Ulom College. In 1967 <mask> became a professor at the University of Khartoum for three years, where he established the department of Linguistic Studies.In 1972 he became the Dean of Dar Al-Ulom College where he was the general secretary of the Arabic language committee which is part of the highest council for the Egyptian universities. In the same year <mask> founded the Egyptian Linguistics Assembly. In 1973 he became a professor at Mohammed V University in Morocco where he lived for six years. During the 1880s he became a professor at the Arabic for Non Native Speakers Institute, Umm al-Qura University in Mecca, Saudi Arabia for 16 years. There he founded the Educational Linguistics Department that teaches students to work as Arabic teachers for non-native speakers. In 1996 <mask> returned to Egypt to be an emeritus professor at Dar Al-Ulom College where he was active in the linguistic field in many ways until his death. He died on 11 October 2011 in Cairo.Major contributions to Arabic linguistics

After studying under Firth as part of the London School, <mask> became the first linguist to study the phonetics and the phonology systems of Arabic based on modern linguistic methods. This work resulted in his influential text, Language Research Methods. <mask> was also the first Arab linguist to study the root morphology of Arabic words based on the main sounds of a given word rather than the gerund or the past tense form which had been the tradition of his predecessors. <mask> also established a theory on the Arabic dictionary based on vocabulary correlations. He was the first to categorize the Arabic parts of speech into seven parts rather than three which is the common traditional system of Arabic. Basically he used the function of the entities within the context to establish this system in his book, Arabic: its Meaning and Syntax. <mask> was also the first linguist who decided to analyze the Arabic verb tense in two dimensions: syntactic tense and contextual tense, evidence of Firth's influence on <mask>'s work.Scholarship

In 1973 <mask> published Arabic: its Meaning and Syntax. Translations
<mask> translated the following works into Arabic:
1975 How Greek science passed to the Arabs by De Lacy O’Leary
1958 The Scientific Effect on Society by Bertrand Arthur William Russell
1959 Language and Society by Morris Lewis
1997 Arabic Thought and its place in History by De Lacy O’Leary
1998 Text, Discourse, and Function by Robert de Beaugrande

Awards

His awards include:

Al Basir Family International Prize, Saudi Arabia 1984
Saddam Hussein Arabic Prize, Iraq 1987
King Faisal International Prize, Saudi Arabia 2006
The International Conference of Arabic and Humanity, Morocco 2008

References

Abdulaziz, M. (2000). "Linguistics and terminology in Arabic". Al-Azhar Arabic Journal, 19-35
Abdulfattah, M. <mask> <mask>: a Model for the Real Scholars. (2007)
Alarif, A. (2002). <mask> <mask>: a pioneer linguist.Cairo, Egypt: Dar Alam Alkutub Press
Asher, R.E. (1994). "Firth and the London school". In The encyclopedia of language and linguistics (Vol. 3, pp. 1257–1259). Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd
<mask>, T. (1984).Arabic: its meaning and syntax. Cairo, Egypt: Dar Alshurouk Press
Ramadhan, N. (2009). "<mask> <mask> and his influence in Morocco". Lughatu Aldhad Journal, 13-15
Reid, D. M. (1987). "Cairo University and the orientalists". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 19 (1), 51-75
Strazny, P. (2005)."Arabic". In Encyclopedia of linguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 74–77). Oxon, UK: Taylor & Francis Books, Inc
Suez-Canal. (n.d.) Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com

1918 births
2011 deaths
Egyptian scholars
Alumni of University College London
Academics of University College London
Umm al-Qura University faculty
University of Khartoum faculty

masks:
Tammam Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Tammam
Hassan
Tammam
Hassan
Hassan
Tammam
Hassan


title: Leon Levy

texts:
<mask> (September 13, 1925 – April 6, 2003) was an American investor, mutual fund manager, and philanthropist. Early life and education
Born to a Jewish family, <mask> attended Townsend Harris High School and studied psychology at City College of New York. After serving in the U.S. Army, he began working as a research analyst. He was strongly influenced in his business approach by his father, <mask>, an economist and business executive who emphasized the role corporate profits play in charting the economy's direction. Investment career
In 1956 he became a partner of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc, then in 1959 <mask> co-founded the Oppenheimer mutual funds. There he started dozens of mutual funds that, at his death, had grown to manage more than $120 billion. In 1982, he sold both companies to the U.K.'s Mercantile House for $162 million and co-founded Odyssey Partners, a private investment partnership.It grew to be a $3 billion hedge fund before it was dissolved in 1997. Wealth and philanthropy
In 1986, to honor his father, he founded the Jerome Levy Economics Institute, now the Levy Institute, at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The Levy Institute has established itself as a sponsor of extensive work in Keynesian and post-Keynesian economics. In the last year of his life, <mask> commuted up the Hudson River from New York City to teach a class at the Levy Institute, "Contemporary Developments in Finance", in which he focused on his belief that investing is as much a psychological as it is an economic act. When he died in his late seventies, <mask> was estimated to be worth a billion dollars, though his personal wealth might have been substantially higher were it not for his philanthropic interests. <mask>'s philanthropy began in the 1950s, when he established the Jerome Levy Foundation, which still exists, giving grants to human rights and land preservation organizations. His donations grew steadily, and during his lifetime, <mask> and his wife, Shelby White, gave away more than $200 million, becoming well known for their philanthropic efforts.They donated $20 million to the Metropolitan Museum of Art for the construction of the <mask> Levy and Shelby White Court, a gallery hosting the largest selection of Hellenistic and Roman artwork ever exhibited at that museum. The gallery included a number of pieces from <mask> and White's substantial art collection, which also includes art from the Near East. Between 1997 and 2003, <mask> and White donated nearly $5 million to 107 scholars for the publication of archaeological excavations that had been completed but never published. The projects funded by their program, the Shelby White-<mask> Levy Program for Archaeological Publications, include excavations at some of the highest profile archaeological sites throughout Greece and the Middle East, including Knossos, Aphrodisias, Kition, Ras Shamra, Sarepta, Mt. Gerizim, Ekron, Lachish, Megiddo, Jerusalem, Pella, Jerash, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Assur, Nineveh, Nuzi, and Tepe Hissar. They also funded the <mask> Levy Expedition at Ashkelon, Israel; created the Leon Levy Visitor Center at the New York Botanical Garden; and financed the Shelby White and Leon Levy Center for Mind Brain and Behavior at Rockefeller University, where <mask> was a member of the Board. <mask> also served as President of the Board of the Institute for Advanced Study, Vice Chairman of the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, and was a director of Bard College, and many other not-for-profit boards.The Leon Levy Foundation and Shelby White, as Chairman of the Friends of the Israel Antiquities Authority, provided the funds for conserving the extraordinarily well-preserved Lod Mosaic and established the Shelby White and Leon Levy Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center, which will house the mosaic once it returns from its 2010-2016 international exhibition tour. After his death in 2003, <mask>'s philanthropy was continued through the Leon Levy Foundation, and one of its earliest initiatives was the fulfillment of that plan. In spring, 2006, the Leon Levy Foundation pledged $200 million to New York University for the creation of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, a center for advanced scholarly research and graduate education, intended to cultivate cross-cultural study of the ancient world, from the western Mediterranean to China. Antiquities controversy
The donation created controversy among some academics who believe that collectors of antiquities encourage the looting of ancient sites. In their 2006 book The Medici Conspiracy: The Illicit Journey of Looted Antiquities – From Italy's Tomb Raiders to the World's Greatest Museums, Peter Watson and Cecelia Todeschini lay out the dynamics of the illegal trade in antiquities and use <mask> and Shelby White as an example of collectors whose purchases may have led to unethical dealing in artifacts. One NYU professor, Randall White, resigned from NYU's existing Center for Ancient Studies – which is independent of the new Institute for the Study of the Ancient World – saying that he opposed the acceptance of a donation from a foundation whose benefactor had sometimes been associated with such questionable practices and trafficking. Several scholars outside NYU, notably from Bryn Mawr College, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Cincinnati, also commented negatively on NYU's acceptance of the gift.Many other scholars, however, supported the institute and the gift. Professor James McCredie, of the Institute of Fine Arts, NYU's graduate teaching and advanced research center for art history, wrote a letter to Provost David McLaughlin endorsing the project. It was signed by IFA's seven professors of ancient art and architecture, and the controversy soon died out. Legacy and awards
In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones, Seth Klarman and Steven A. Cohen. Publications and works
In 2002, <mask> published a memoir, written with Eugene Linden, called The Mind of Wall Street: A Legendary Financier on the Perils of Greed and the Mysteries of the Market (Perseus Book Group). See also
 List of City College of New York alumni

References

External links
Leon Levy Foundation website
Levy Economics Institute of Bard College
The Shelby White-<mask> Levy Program for Archaeological Publications
Forbes.com: Forbes 400 Richest in America 2002
"Challenge: How vulnerable is Wall Street? ", <mask> interview, Nov-Dec, 1998

1925 births
2003 deaths
Jewish American bankers
Jewish American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Queens, New York
American bankers
American billionaires
City College of New York alumni
Art and cultural repatriation
Townsend Harris High School alumni
Philanthropists from New York (state)
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Leon Levy
Levy
Jerome Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Leon
Levy
Levy
Leon
Leon
Levy
Levy
Levy
Leon Levy
Levy
Leon
Leon Levy


title: Sharon Begley

texts:
<mask> (June 14, 1956 – January 16, 2021) was an American journalist who was the senior science writer for Stat, a publication from The Boston Globe that covers stories related to the life sciences. She regularly contributed articles to the Yale Scientific Magazine while at University. She published recurring columns and feature articles in several mainstream publications on a wide variety of scientific topics. <mask> was also an author and spoke at professional and community organizations. Her topics included the neuroplasticity of the brain, issues affecting science journalism, and education. She appeared on radio and television to discuss topics covered in her articles and books. <mask> attracted both praise and criticism as a writer.Early life
<mask> was born <mask> <mask>, on June 14, 1956 in Englewood, New Jersey, to Shirley (née Wintner) and John J<mask> Jr. Her father was a stockbroker while her mother was a homemaker. She grew up in Tenafly, New Jersey, where she graduated from high school as a valedictorian. She graduated from Yale University in 1977 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in combined sciences. Career
<mask> started her career as a journalist during her undergraduate studies, where she was a contributing reporter for Yale Scientific Magazine. She began work with Newsweek upon graduation in 1977, and by October 1984 she had already been named as a recipient of The Newspaper Guild of New York's Page One Award in the category of science reporting in magazines for the Newsweek article "How the Brain Works". <mask>'s tenure with Newsweek established her as a well-known science communicator.She received accolades from the Religion Communicators Council for the 1998 article "Science Finds God". Her 2002 article "The Mystery of Schizophrenia" received honors from the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Other awards have cited her clarity of communication and the accessibility of her articles in furthering the public's understanding of science. In March 2002, after 25 years at Newsweek, <mask> joined The Wall Street Journal to write its weekly science column called Science Journal. Only three months later, "So Much for Destiny: Even Thoughts Can Turn Genes `On' and `Off", earned <mask> a Front Page Award for Best Column/Editorial from the Newswomen's Club of New York. More awards followed for her reporting on a wide variety of topics related to scientific research, including an honorary doctorate of humane letters degree from the University of North Carolina. In 2007, <mask> returned to writing an award-winning science column at Newsweek.In 2010 Newsweek formed an alliance with The Daily Beast, and <mask>'s byline often appeared on this site as well. From 2012 until 2015 she worked as senior health and science editor at Reuters. In August 2015, the first article appeared under the masthead of the Boston Globe's new science publication Stat with <mask> as a member of the inaugural staff. Books
In 2002 the book The Mind and the Brain: Neuroplasticity and the Power of Mental Force, <mask> and Jeffrey M. Schwartz explained the results of Schwartz's research into the origin and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Here, Schwartz explores the subject of the neuroplasticity of the brain and expands upon the idea of "brain lock", a term he introduced in his 1997 book Brain Lock: Free Yourself from Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior. Featuring a foreword written by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama and a preface by Daniel Goleman, Train Your Mind, Change Your Brain: How a New Science Reveals Our Extraordinary Potential to Transform Ourselves was published in 2007. This book begins with a description of the visit by scientists from the Mind and Life Institute to the northern Indian town of McLeod Ganj—the home of the 14th Dalai Lama in exile.The book then explores the ability of various therapeutic treatments to change the functioning of the neural pathways of the brain and the relationship between this research and the traditional meditative practices of Buddhism. In 2012 <mask> again served as a co-author, this time with Richard Davidson, for The Emotional Life of Your Brain: How its Unique Patterns Affect the Way You Think, Feel, and Live — and How You Can Change Them. The premise of this book is that each person has an individual "Emotional Style". Davidson uses six parameters to determine this Emotional Style: Resilience, Outlook, Social Intuition, Self-Awareness, Sensitivity to Context, and Attention. Criticism
"Why Doctors Hate Science", published in Newsweek in 2009, prompted many critical responses. David Gorski, writing under his pen name "Orac", took issue with <mask>'s characterization of medical practitioners as ignoring basic medical science. One example used by <mask> was that of women continuing to receive pap tests after having had total hysterectomies.Gorski looked into this claim, and found that the subject of <mask>'s source for this claim was full hysterectomies and hysterectomies for benign conditions of the uterus. Ongoing Pap smears are still indicated for women who have had partial hysterectomies, or who have suffered uterine cancer. "<mask> may indeed have a point that too many pap smears are still done after hysterectomy, by simplifying and mocking she completely undermined her point–not to mention showed that she doesn't understand the issues involved. Either that, or she does understand them but decided to score cheap points against physicians instead of adding three words after "hysterectomy": "for benign disease." ... At the very least, <mask> should have acknowledged that her blanket statement is more than a bit over-the-top." This and similar criticism from other defenders of the medical community prompted <mask> to write a follow-up article entitled "Why Psychologists Reject Science", in which she referred to the previous article as one in which she was "asking, facetiously" why doctors hated science, but then went on to explain that, "The problem is even worse in psychology." This prompted a fresh wave of criticism, such as that expressed by Leslie Becker-Phelps in Psychology Today when she referred to <mask>'s article as "alarmingly misleading".Becker-Phelps stressed the intense educational requirements of the field and stated that, "the APA mandates that its member psychologists use their scientific knowledge in their clinical judgments." When <mask>'s article "Placebo Power" appeared in the January/February 2013 issue of the Saturday Evening Post highlighting the perceived power of the placebo effect, it raised criticisms from science writers and skeptics. Skeptical blogger and science writer PZ Myers said of "Placebo Power", "She's got a tendency to go charging off into fluff and that's what's happened here." Myers' objection largely rested on <mask>'s reliance on anecdotal evidence to bolster claims of the efficacy of placebo treatments. Similar objections were raised by Steven Novella. "Those skeptics that <mask> seems to dismiss have done the hard work for her and other journalists of actually reading the original research, digging down to the salient details, and teasing out the nuances that make all the difference to a proper interpretation of a complex clinical issue." Other articles by <mask> have attracted criticism from the political arena.The cover of the August 13, 2007 issue of Newsweek bore the large-print words: "Global Warming is a Hoax*", with the asterisk pointing to the smaller-print words: "*or so claim well-funded naysayers who still reject the overwhelming evidence of climate change." Anthropogenic climate change skeptic Marc Morano, former communications director for Oklahoma Senator Jim Inhofe, referred to the article as a  "one-sided editorial, masquerading as a 'news article.'" This and other articles on the subject of climate change by <mask> were cited in a press release by Morano as part of the reason for launching Climate Depot—a website devoted to denying the scientific evidence of anthropogenic climate change. Criticism of the August 13, 2007 article also came from fellow Newsweek columnist Robert Samuelson. In a column that appeared in the next issue, Samuelson characterized the article as "'fundamentally misleading' because it focused on the 'peripheral' actions of the 'denial machine' instead of the intractability of man-made warming". Her husband was a scientist with Consumers Union. She died on January 16, 2021 from lung cancer.References

1956 births
2021 deaths
Yale University 1970s alumni
American columnists
American science journalists
American women columnists
Newsweek people
The Boston Globe people
American women non-fiction writers
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Englewood, New Jersey
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
Women science writers
Journalists from New Jersey
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts

masks:
Sharon Begley
Begley
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Sharon Lynn
Begley
. Begley
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title: Don Blanding

texts:
<mask> (November 7, 1894—June 9, 1957) was an American poet, sometimes described as the "poet laureate of Hawaii." He was also a journalist, cartoonist, author and speaker. Early life
<mask> was born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma. He later grew up alongside Lucille "Billie" Cassin (later known as Joan Crawford), later assisting her after she cut her foot on a broken milk bottle. <mask> would later make this incident the focus of a poem he wrote when the two met years later. He trained between 1913 and 1915 at the Art Institute of Chicago. He enlisted (for a year, or the duration of World War I plus up to six months) in the Canadian Army's 97th ("American Legion") Battalion.He then  trained with them for trench warfare for eight months in 1916, but left under unknown circumstances a few days before the unit shipped out for Europe. Blanding would omit reference to that service and training a year later when joining the U.S. military. Poetry career
<mask> became fascinated by Hawaii and moved there in 1915, staying until his enlistment in the U.S. Army in December, 1917. Entering as an infantry private, he underwent officer training and was commissioned a 2nd lieutenant before being discharged in December, 1918, soon after the Armistice. Blanding pursued further art studies in 1920, in Paris and London, traveled in Central America and the Yucatan, and returned to Honolulu in 1921. Finding work as an artist in an advertising agency, he happened into two years of writing poems published daily in the Honolulu Star Bulletin for an advertiser. These featured local people and events, and became well-known and popular – whether because of or in spite of always mentioning the Aji-No-Moto brand of MSG.The popularity of these ad-poems led Blanding to follow the advice of newspaper colleagues by publishing a collection of his poetry in 1923. When his privately published 2000 copies quickly sold out, he followed it with a commercially published edition the same year, and with additional verse and prose books. For his fifth book in 1928, he no longer used a local or West Coast publisher, but the New York publisher Dodd, Mead & Company. The result, Vagabond's House, was reviewed promptly by The New York Times, and was a great commercial success. By 1948 it went through nearly fifty printings in several editions that together sold over 150,000 copies. In 1927, he suggested and founded the annual holiday, Lei Day, in Hawaii. While he remained strongly attached to Hawaii, his connections to the world of celebrities drew him often to the mainland, and his income made hotel life and multiple residences feasible.Blanding married the socialite, Dorothy Binney Putnam, on June 13, 1940, and they lived together in Fort Pierce, Florida. Blanding was strongly affected by U.S. entry into World War II, including the knowledge of his island paradise as a military target, the reactions of those he met on his lecture tours, and the fall of Bataan. Bataan surrendered April 9, 1942, while he was on tour, and he wrote "Bataan Falls", 16 emotional lines in response. On April 25, he enlisted as a private at the age of 47. He served eleven months in the 1208th Service Corps Unit, Infantry, and was discharged as a corporal. He divorced in June 1947, leaving no descendants. <mask> died of a heart attack at his home in Los Angeles on June 9, 1957, at the age of 62."Vagabond's House"
He published his long poem "Vagabond's House" several times. (It was in the first, private, printing of Leaves from a Grass-House in 1923; the commercially published edition of the same book, later that year, included it with the title changed to "Aloha House". In 1928 he restored the original "Vagabond's House" title, making it the title poem of another collection.) Its detailed fantasy begins
 When I have a house – as I sometime may –
 I'll suit my fancy in every way. then describes a home filled with the mostly exotic mementos its poet collected in years of wandering the world's seaports – or at least might have collected if his travels had not interfered – and closes by admitting
 It's just a dream house anyway. Blanding as an artist

Blanding's paintings often portray undersea views, flowers and branches. Underwater Scene, from c. 1927–30, demonstrates his use of sharp outlines and lack of shading.His ink drawings are a powerful part of his many literary publications. From 1938 to 1942, <mask> designed Hawaiian themed tableware for Vernon Kilns, near Los Angeles, California. The patterns he designed are Aquarium, Coral Reef, Delight, Ecstasy, Glamour, Hawaii, Hawaiian Flowers, Hilo, Honolulu, and Lei Lani. Bibliography
Leaves from a Grass-House
 2000-copy private printing – 1923
 commercial publication – 1923
Paradise Loot – 1925
Flowers of the Rainbow – 1926
The Virgin of Waikiki – 1926
Vagabond's House – 1928
Also published under the title Aloha House
Hula Moons – 1930
Songs of the Seven Senses – 1931
Stowaways in Paradise – 1931
Let Us Dream – 1933
Memory Room – 1935
Pictures of Paradise - 1936
The Rest of the Road – 1937
Drifter's Gold – 1939
Floridays – 1941
Pilot Bails Out – 1943
Today is Here – 1946
Mostly California – 1948
A Grand Time Living – 1950
Joy is an Inside Job – 1953
Hawaii Says Aloha – 1955
No Strings on Tomorrow – Unpublished

References

 Papanikolas, Theresa and DeSoto Brown, Art Deco Hawai'i, Honolulu, Honolulu Museum of Art, 2014, , pp. 43, 58–59
 Severson, <mask>., Finding Paradise, Island Art in Private Collections, University of Hawaii Press, 2002, pp. 142–43, 278–81. External links

 All Poetry <mask>landing

1894 births
1957 deaths
20th-century American painters
20th-century American poets
American male painters
Canadian Expeditionary Force soldiers
Painters from Hawaii
People from Kingfisher, Oklahoma
Poets from Oklahoma
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army soldiers
Writers from Hawaii
Writers from Oklahoma

masks:
Donald Benson Blanding
Blanding
Blanding
Blanding
Blanding
Don Blanding
Don R
Don B


title: George "Rube" Deneau

texts:
<mask> (died January 10, 1926) was a Canadian minor league baseball player, manager, and promoter who played on a number of Ontario and Michigan teams between 1898 and 1915. Known best by his nickname "Rube," he was born in Amherstburg, Ontario, about 20 miles downriver from Windsor, and died in 1926 at the age of 47. He was remarkably popular with fans in his day, and newspaper reports routinely refer to the teams he was on as "<mask>'s Boys," "the <mask>ites," and (projecting his large build onto the entire team) "<mask>'s huskies." <mask> was primarily a pitcher but he also did well as a position player. His lifetime batting average (based on professional league games only) was .275 over ten seasons, 780 games, and 2918 at-bats. Of his 803 hits, 98 were doubles, 16 triples, and 22 home runs. Slugging percentage: .241.On-base percentage: .275. Early Career in Windsor, 1898-1905

As early as 1898, the right-hander's play with local teams began to attract the attention of scouts. Professional offers started rolling in by 1901 from teams such as Detroit, Philadelphia, and Buffalo, but for several years he turned them all down, preferring to work in Windsor as a diver. By 1902 <mask> was pitcher-manager of the Windsors baseball team, of Windsor, Ontario. In 1903, the team won 19 of the 23 games it played against semi-professional teams all over Western Ontario and Michigan. In that same year he added to his fame when he recovered the body of a small boy who had drowned in the Detroit River; previous efforts to drag the river for the child had been unsuccessful. In 1904 he was on the Detroit Tigers payroll as a "try-out" but did not make the roster.He did get at least one paid gig with the Merrill, Michigan, team, which was in the habit of salting the line-up with professionals. After the regular season, <mask> found ways to keep playing baseball. In October he played for the amateur Crickets of Windsor's neighboring community Walkerville, and in December he helped set up an indoor baseball league for the 21st Essex Fusiliers, the forerunner of the Essex Scottish Regiment, with a team for each of the eight companies comprised by the regiment. Rube also managed, coached, and captained a regimental team, drawn from the best of the eight companies. In the 1905 season <mask> played for three different teams. In March he re-signed with the Windsors,  who the Detroit Free Press said had been the "terror" of the region for the past two years with <mask> as their "star twirler and manager." He also played for Saginaw against other Michigan teams; the Detroit Free Press reported him pitching for that team on June 21 (losing 3-2 before 300 fans) and for Norris, the winningest team in the City League, on Sept. 18 and Oct. 4 (winning the latter 3-0, attendance 175).In December, <mask> was back to work on indoor baseball. The Free Press reported there was "a split" in the Fusiliers team and that <mask> was thinking of putting together an independent indoor team to participate in the new indoor league being planned in Detroit. Jackson Convicts, 1906
In 1906 <mask> left Windsor for the Jackson, Michigan, team in the Southern Michigan League — as a pitcher and for part of the season as manager. Newly formed this year by <mask> and others, Southern Michigan was a Class D league under a classification system that ran from D up to AAA. Rube played 82 games for Jackson, with a batting average of 281. Notwithstanding his Jackson perch, <mask> pitched the last three innings for Windsor's opening game in Williams Park against the Detroit Magnolias. (He gave up no runs and struck out two.Windsor won, 10-2, even with 10 runners left on base. Attendance was 800.) <mask> also returned to Windsor on May 13, this time pitching a complete game for Jackson against his old team with 8 strikeouts. He also ran home on a third-baseman's error in the sixth inning and drove in the two winning runs with a triple in the ninth. Jackson took the game 7-6 in front of a crowd 400. A bad shoulder hindered <mask>'s pitching in the first half of the season, but he improved in the second. In the season finale he pitched a complete game for Jackson against Saginaw, winning 7 to 2 before 1200 fans.The very next day the Free Press announced that he had signed with the Pontiac team to play the remainder of its season. Springfield Senators, 1907
At the end of 1906, <mask> signed for the following season with the Springfield (Illinois) Senators of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League (often called "The 3-I League") "at one of the best salaries paid a pitcher in the organization." <mask> kept up his baseball even in the dead of winter, appearing in a baseball game on ice at a Detroit skating rink in February 1907. In March the Springfield Senators were negotiating with the Detroit Tigers to acquire Henry Steiger, a left-handed pitcher to complement <mask> the rightie. But by April he had a serious problem with his pitching arm, possibly related to last year's bad shoulder. He wrote to the Free Press early in the month that it had "swelled to twice its size" and could remain a problem through the first half of the season. Battle Creek Crickets, 1907-1908
By May 1907, <mask> was playing not with Springfield but with the Battle Creek Crickets of the Southern Michigan League, "playing any old place from catcher to first, second, third, or short."Baseball-Reference.Com's records for the Southern Michigan League list James Henderson as the manager, but <mask> must have been at least the captain: at season's end the Free Press was referring to the Crickets as "the Deneauites," noting that Battle Creek had <mask> on reserve for 1908. One blot on the Battle Creek season was the suspension of shortstop Curly Henderson on suspicion of throwing the game with a wild throw to <mask> at first. Henderson, who claimed that the ball went only a foot above <mask>'s head and should have been caught, vowed never to return to Battle Creek. For the season at Battle Creek, the Free Press reported <mask>'s batting average as .275 with a fielding percentage of .976. But Baseball-Reference.Com says his batting average this year was .250, .352 slugging. The Crickets played a number of exhibition games; if the Free Press was counting those in its calculations that might explain the discrepancy. As a pitcher Rube had 15 games, won 9, lost 3.The team placed third (of 8) in the league, with an average of .563. On April 26, 1908, Battle Creek's Crickets played their first exhibition game against the Battle Creek Independents. Rube <mask> was the manager of the Crickets and had 12 players on board, including Curly Henderson, who must have had a change of heart. <mask> did not pitch this first game, but in June he was reported as the losing pitcher in a Free Press article on a game between the Crickets and Flint. As a player, <mask> earned a .288 batting average over 124 games. He pitched 19 games, winning 6 and losing 8. The team placed only 6th in the 9-team league, with an average of .496.The Windsors, 1909
In February 1909 <mask> met with other baseball people in Michigan and Ontario about forming a Border League to comprise Windsor, Pontiac, Port Huron, Monroe, Mt. Clemens, and possibly Chatham. <mask> would play for Windsor if he could get out of his Battle Creek contract. Windsor had just built a new park that the team could use (it was named "Wigle Park" later in the year), and most of the other cities had good facilities. On Feb. 26, <mask> organized a public gathering at Windsor's Crawford House to drum up support for the league. But in April the Windsor Evening Record was reporting that "chances are not bright for the Border league." Without league membership, the Windsor team would play as amateurs.With or without league membership it would be led by <mask> as manager. On May 24, Windsor inaugurated the new park with a game against "semi-professional" Mt. Clemens (which was no longer in the Southern Michigan League), winning 6-5 in the bottom of the 9th. <mask> played first base and had two hits, one a double. In the early method of box scoring used by the newspapers of the day he was credited with 7 "outs"—apparently the catcher or first baseman was credited with the out that follows the third strike. June 16 was Deneau Day at Wigle Park. Over 1200 fans bought tickets for a game between Windsor and the Good Lucks from Detroit, all the proceeds to go to Rube <mask>, "who is very popular in this city."Four days later with <mask> on first the team beat the Detroit Spaldings 4-0 at home, attendance 187. On July 10 <mask> pitched the second game of a series against the Old Athletics, allowing no runs after the first inning and winning the game 4-2. By July 17 his arm and his team were stronger than ever in a 19-5 rout of Detroit's Woodmere club before 314 fans. <mask> was credited with a triple. He and a player named Delaney alternated pitching and first-base duties. On July 22 a scheduled game against the Detroit Athletic Club was cancelled because "the majority of <mask>'s men are busy at the race track this week and are unable to get away to play ball." On the 28th they were drubbed by Detroit's Cass team, with Delaney and the hitless <mask> again alternating at first base and the pitcher's mound.On the 31st, they beat Detroit Business Institute 2-1, attendance 225. <mask> managed but did not play. On August 5, 4000 fans came out for a day of athletic competitions that culminated with Rube pitching a complete game against Chatham, striking out four batters and scoring two runs himself. Windsor won, 8-3. The team beat Chatham again on the morning of the 18th in a tournament at Leamington before 950 fans, with <mask> at shortstop. In the afternoon the "bulky leader" of the team was on the mound against the Detroit Athletic Club, which was beaten 8-5. <mask> struck out four and scored one of the runs.In late August and early September, <mask> seems to have been on some kind of leave. A game scheduled for the 24th against the Detroit Athletic Club was canceled because he "finds it necessary to be out of town part of this week." Then on Sept. 12 a company team from Detroit came to Windsor "for the purpose of taking a look at Rube <mask>'s slants," but he was not with the team for that game either. On the 21st the sports page of the Free Press carried a message: "Rube <mask> is requested to call Manager Batchelor, of the D. A. C. [Detroit Athletic Club], this evening after 7 o'clock at Main 6200." <mask>'s absences may have been due to his extracurricular (and presumably paid) work with the Saginaw Wa-was, who ended in first place in the Southern Michigan League that year. While at Saginaw he registered 24 hits on 89 at-bats for a .270 batting average. At the end of the year Saginaw businessmen took up a Christmas collection for 17 members of the team.Rube was one of them and received a check for $16.70,

masks:
George Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
Deneau
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