title: Jack Sheldon

texts:
<mask>. (November 30, 1931 – December 27, 2019), known professionally as <mask> Show and participated in episodes of the educational music television series Schoolhouse Rock! Biography

Music and TV
<mask> was born in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. He originally became known through his participation in the West Coast jazz movement of the 1950s, performing and recording with such figures as Stan Kenton, Art Pepper, Gerry Mulligan, and Curtis Counce. <mask> Show. He was Griffin's sidekick for many years. Prior to joining Griffin's show, he served as bandleader for the short-lived The Las Vegas Show.His voice is perhaps best known from the Schoolhouse Rock! cartoons of the 1970s, such as "Conjunction Junction" and "I'm Just a Bill". He appeared in one episode of Johnny Bravo as the Sensitive Man. He sang a few songs in the episode similar to the Schoolhouse Rock! style. <mask> returned to the Schoolhouse Rock! series for a 2002 episode titled "I'm Gonna Send Your Vote to College", explaining the electoral college process, and distributed on the series' DVD collection that same year.<mask> sang and played trumpet for the new segment. <mask> voiced "Louie the Lightning Bug" in a series of animated musical public service announcements aimed at children during the 1980s, promoting safety with electricity. In 2001, the "Louie the Lightning Bug" videos were updated with new voice-overs by <mask> and new music tracks produced by Mark Harrelson, with updated musical arrangements by Ray Reach. He sang the tune "King Putt" for The World According to Goofy Parade at Disneyland, which ran for five months in 1992. A trumpet solo of his is featured throughout the Francis Ford Coppola film, One from the Heart (1982). Tom Waits' 1977 album Foreign Affairs includes <mask> playing trumpet on several cuts, including the solo at the end of "Burma Shave". In the 1964–1965 season, <mask> starred with Cara Williams and Frank Aletter on the CBS situation comedy The Cara Williams Show, in which Williams and Aletter played a married couple trying to keep their marriage a secret because their employer forbade a husband and wife from working together; <mask> portrayed a jazz trumpeter who was the couple's next-door neighbor and friend.From 1966–1967, <mask> starred in his own 16-episode CBS sitcom, Run, Buddy, Run, as Buddy Overstreet, a young accountant taking a steam bath who, overhearing a mobster's plot to kill a colleague, then goes on the run to keep from being killed. Bruce Gordon, formerly of The Untouchables, played the mobster, "Mr. D". <mask> made numerous appearances on the 1967–1970 version of Dragnet. He also played John Davidson's brother (and Sally Field's brother-in-law) on The Girl with Something Extra (1974). In 2004, he performed live at the end of ALF's Hit Talk Show. Film
<mask> appeared in an Oscar-nominated documentary film Let's Get Lost about the life of fellow jazz trumpeter Chet Baker. He made an appearance in the 1994 film Radioland Murders as the ill-fated trumpet player Ruffles Reedy, who becomes a victim of the gruesome goings-on during a 1939 radio show.<mask>'s poignant trumpet solo on "The Shadow of Your Smile" which was introduced in the 1965 film The Sandpiper helped earn it Song of the Year at the 1966 Grammy Awards and Best Original Song at the 1965 Academy Awards. <mask> performed one of the many versions of the title song featured in Robert Altman's 1973 film The Long Goodbye. His version was intended to be released as a single, but never was. <mask> is the subject of a documentary, Trying to Get Good: the Jazz Odyssey of <mask> (2008). Produced by Doug McIntyre and Penny Peyser, the film features interviews with Clint Eastwood, Billy Crystal, Merv Griffin, Chris Botti, Dave Frishberg, Johnny Mandel, Tierney Sutton, as well as never before seen concert footage of <mask> playing, singing and joking. Trying to Get Good won Jury Prizes at the 2008 Kansas City Film Makers Jubilee and Newport Beach Film Festival, as well as Audience Prizes at Newport Beach and the Indianapolis International Film Festival. Parody
<mask> parodied his own performance in "I'm Just a Bill" in an episode of The Simpsons called "The Day the Violence Died", where he is an "amendment to be".He reprised his roles as the Bill and the Conductor from "Conjunction Junction" in two episodes of Family Guy. <mask> died of natural causes on December 27, 2019, at the age of 88. Discography

As leader
 <mask> Quintet (Jazz: West, 1955)
 The Quartet and the Quintet (Jazz: West, 1956)
 A Jazz Band Ball with Stu Williamson (Mode, 1959)
 A Jazz Profile of Ray Charles (Reprise, 1961)
 Jack's Groove (GNP, 1961)
 Out! (Capitol, 1962)
 Oooo, But it's Good (Capitol, 1963)
 The Warm World of <mask> (Dot, 1968)
 The Cool World of <mask> (Dot, 1969)
 Singular (Beez, 1980)
 Playin' It Straight (RealTime, 1981)
 Stand By for <mask> (Concord Jazz, 1983)
 Hollywood Heroes (Concord Jazz, 1988)
 On My Own (Concord Jazz, 1992)
 <mask> Sings (Butterfly, 1993)
 <mask> Presents The Entertainers (V.S.O.P., 1994)
 <mask> is Back! (Butterfly, 1995)
 Live at Don Mupo's Gold Nugget (V.S.O.P., 1997)
 Playing for Change (Uptown, 1997)
 JSO Live! On the Pacific Ocean (Butterfly, 2001)
 Sunday Afternoons at the Lighthouse (Woofy, 2005)
 Listen Up (Butterfly, 2006)
 It's What I Do (Buttefly, 2007)

As guest
With Curtis Counce
 The Curtis Counce Group (Contemporary, 1956)
 You Get More Bounce with Curtis Counce! (TV series) : Conductor/The Bill/Additional Voices (voice)
 1973-1974 : The Girl with Something Extra (TV series) : Jerry Burton (12 episodes)
 1973 : The Long Goodbye (film) : Vocals, probably trumpet on title song
 1976 : Freaky Friday : Lloyd
 1984 : Cassevetes Love Streams: Almost in Love with You : Vocal and Trumpet
 1988 : Star Trek: The Next Generation (TV) : Holodeck Pianist (11001001)
 1988 : Let's Get Lost : Himself
 1991 : For the Boys : Wally Fields
 1993 : Lush Life (TV) : Norman
 1994 : Radioland Murders : Ruffles Reed
 1996 : Dear God : Homeless Trumpeter
 1996 : The Simpsons (TV series) : The Amendment (voice) (episode: The Day the Violence Died)
 1997 : Johnny Bravo (TV series) (voice)
 1998 : Hard Time (TV) : Trumpet
 1998 : Mike Hammer (TV) episode(s) "Songbird" parts 1-2 Co-starred w/Keach as "Des" Bandleader/Trumpet player/ Singer.1999 : Hard Time: The Premonition (TV) : Trumpet
 1999 : Hard Time: Hostage Hotel (TV) : Trumpet
 2000-2001 : Family Guy (TV series) : Conductor/The Bill (voice) (episodes: Running Mates, Mr. Griffin Goes to Washington)
 2004 : Teacher's Pet : Vocals on Song- "Take the Money and Run"
 2010 : A Girl's Life: Ford Mosquito (voice)

References

External links

1931 births
2019 deaths
American male singers
American jazz singers
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Bebop singers
Bebop trumpeters
Burials in Orange County, California
Musicians from Jacksonville, Florida
West Coast jazz singers
West Coast jazz trumpeters
Male actors from Jacksonville, Florida
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians

masks:
Beryl Cyril Sheldon Jr
Jack Sheldonv Griffin
Sheldon
Sheldonv Griffin
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Jack
Sheldon
Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Sheldon
Sheldon
Death Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack Sheldon
Jack


title: Ansgar Løvold

type: original

texts:
<mask> (19 November 1888 – 12 November 1961) was a wrestler, butcher and philanthropist from Kristiansund, Norway. He is most known for participating at the 1912 Summer Olympics and for launching the idea for the Kristiansund and Frei Fixed Link. Løvold started wrestling during his journeyman years while living in Oslo. He joined IF Ørnulf and became Norwegian Champion in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1912. This qualified him to the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, but Løvold lost both his matches in the light heavyweight event. He moved back to Kristiansund in 1913, where he founded a wrestling club and started as an instructor. He also founded wrestling clubs in Molde and Trondheim.As a butcher, he ran several butcher shops in town. From 1951, Løvold dedicated his time to working towards a fixed link for Kristiansund. Early life and professional career
Løvold was born on 19 November 1888 in Kristiansund, Norway, as son of Missionary Ole Løvold (1846–1919). Løvold started as a butcher apprentice with his brother B. O. Løvold, before setting out on his journeyman years, where he worked at Bye in Bergen and Axel Jensen in Oslo. He received his trade certificate in 1910. He moved back to Kristiansund in 1913, where he lived for the rest of his life. He married Bergljot, who died in 1958.Løvold established a butcher shop in Storgaten in 1914, which he ran until it was taken over by the municipality in 1917. He then operated various retailing businesses until joining Nordmøre Slakteri. There he was chief of operations until the slaughtering company closed in 1932. He then established Ansgar Kjøtt og Pølseforretning, which at first was located at Nordmør Landbruksforretning butafter two years moved to Massestretet. His store was destroyed in the bombings of the Norwegian campaign during World War II, although rebuilt after the war. After he retired, the store was taken over by his sons. Sports career
It was during the journeyman years in Oslo that Løvold joined organized wrestling.Wrestling in Kristiansund was first introduced by Løvold wrestling at circuses and town fairs. On 8 January 1911 he held a major show against circus artist Erik Blixt, for which Løvold was promised 100 Norwegian krone (NOK) if he won. Although successful, he did not accept the prize money, as it would have made him a professional. He started competing for Fagforeningernes TIF and later IF Ørnulf in Oslo. He represented the latter when he won the 1912 Norwegian championships, thus qualifying him for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. There he participated in the Greco-Roman light heavyweight, but was sent home after losing both his introductory rounds, against Finland's Karl Lind and Austria's Karl Barl. After moving home to Kristiansund in 1913, Løvold was instrumental in establishing a wrestling club.The sport became popular and within a few years all the major sports clubs were offering wrestling. Especially the labor movement's clubs took up the sport, and Kristiansund was quickly known as a wrestling town. Løvold coached several clubs, including IL Nordlandet and Ynglingen. In 1913 he succeeded at getting sponsorships of NOK 300 from various companies throughout town to purchase mats, which was instrumental in making the sport more popular in town. He later became known as a benefactor and sponsor of local wrestling. Kristiansund's first major national tournament was held in 1915 and the first Norwegian Championships in Kristiansund were held in 1922. Løvold also traveled to the neighboring town of Molde to establish a wrestling club there, although wrestling never became as popular in Molde as in Kristiansund.He also established Trondheim's first wrestling club. From 1939, when the labourers' wrestling clubs in Kristiansund merged to form the club Kristiansund AK, Løvold represented this club. Philanthropy
Løvold was an active member of Foreningen Kristiansunderen, an organization which worked for the betterment of the town. After seeing The Little Mermaid in Copenhagen, Løvold started working to build a mermaid statue fountain in Kristiansund. The mermaid statue was never built, although he eventually secured sufficient funding to build a fountain. Løvold traveled to the United States in 1951 to visit his siblings Oscar and Lise in Minnesota, which he had not seen in 42 years. He also visited New York City, where he drove through the Holland Tunnel.On his way home he came in contact with Prime Minister Oscar Torp. Back in Kristiansund, Løvold started working with the idea of building a subsea road tunnel from Kristiansund to the mainland. He discussed the issue in Foreningen Kristiansunderen where it received support. Løvold was an important enthusiast for the fixed link project, which would materialize as the Kristiansund and Frei Fixed Link in 1992. The local press dubbed him the fixed link general. In 1955 he organized an inspection of Freifjorden; using echo sounding it was possible to survey the depth of the fjord. Afterwards he took contact with County Governor Olav Oksvik and the two started working towards implementing the plans.Along with Engineer Gunnar Tonning, Løvold traveled several times to Oslo to meet with national politicians and authorities. In addition to Torp, he consulted the engineering company Aas-Jakobsen, the NATO office and Kolbjørn Varmann, Minister of Transport and Communications. In 1958 a joint municipal and county committee was established to follow up the plans, where Løvold was appointed chairman. Its main function was the ordering seismic surveys of Freifjorden, which gave positive results. Major Worm Eide manned for caution and stated that there was no funding available. Subsequently, a committee led by Ole Mollan was appointed, which criticized the original committee for not prioritizing more critical transport investments. During the entire planning and construction of the Tromsø Bridge, Løvold subscribed to both the Tromsø newspapers, Nordlys and Bladet Tromsø, to follow the development.Erling Kjeldsen, who was the main initiator of the Tromsø Bridge, was an inspiration for Løvold. Following in the steps of Tromsø, Løvold established Tunnellforeningen ("The Tunnel Association"). Its prime goal was to circulate a petition, which received 6,000 signatures—two-thirds of the electorate. The organization also featured paroles in the 1961 Constitution Day parade. During the summer, Løvold painted a large, while "tunnel entrance" on a cliff at Spellmannshaugen as a public relations gimmick. The point he painted was the exact location the Freifjord Tunnel would have its opening. Another organization, Fastlandsforeningen ("The Mainland Association") was established by Løvold on 27 September 1961.That year another public committee was established, again chaired by <mask>. <mask> died on 12 November 1961 in Kristiansund, 72 years old. References

1888 births
1961 deaths
Sportspeople from Kristiansund
20th-century Norwegian businesspeople
Wrestlers at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Norwegian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of Norway

masks:
Ansgar Løvold
Løvold
Løvold


title: William Walter Phelps

texts:
<mask> (August 24, 1839 – June 17, 1894) was a United States Congressman and diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Germany and Austria-Hungary. He was the son of <mask>, a successful New York City merchant and financier. Prior to being elected to the United States House of Representatives he had a successful banking career in Manhattan, settling in Teaneck, New Jersey, across the Hudson River. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on August 24, 1839. His first school experience was at Mount Washington Institute in New York. He was described by contemporaries as a round-faced, rosy-cheeked boy, with sparkling dark eyes; active though not physically strong. <mask> then attended private school at Golden Hill near Bridgeport, Connecticut, where his academic advancement was so rapid that he was fully prepared for college at the age of 15.He graduated from Yale University in 1860, valedictorian of his class and a member of Skull and Bones. In the same year he married Ellen Maria Sheffield of New Haven, Connecticut. They traveled in Europe, where, in Paris, in 1861, their first child, John Jay II, was born. <mask> attended Columbia Law School, graduating in 1863. Following this, he practiced corporate law in New York City. In 1864, their second child, Sheffield, was born. <mask> followed the family career in banking and industry, serving as a director for the National City Bank, the Second National Bank of New York, the United States Trust Co., the Farmer's Loan & Trust Co. and nine railroads.After the birth of his two sons, he bought a summer home in Bergen County an old-fashioned Dutch farmhouse on the "Teaneck Ridge," an area of Teaneck now adjacent to Route 4 that had been the Garret-Brinkerhoff House in Revolutionary War days. <mask> extensively renovated the old homestead, converting it into one of the most beautiful and celebrated mansions of its time. In 1868, the last child, Marian, was born; she would go on to give birth to his grandson <mask>. In 1869, following the death of his father, John Jay, <mask> retired from his law practice and moved the family full-time to Teaneck. Congressman

Combining eloquence with an interest in politics, <mask>, a Republican, sought and won a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 1872 at the age of 34, representing New Jersey in the 43rd congress. During his first term in Congress. <mask> was considered by his colleagues to be a serious, well-versed and mature public servant - a successful young lawyer, ambitious, with money and energy who was expected to make his mark on politics and statesmanship.<mask> failed in his first bid for reelection, in 1874. After his term ended, <mask> returned in 1875 to his Teaneck home, where he planned improvements to the homestead and looked for additional land investments nearby. In the next year, he embarked upon a European tour, partly to regain his health which had suffered from a bout of typhoid fever. While abroad, <mask> investigated institutions of learning and art in England, France and Germany, and enjoyed the society of scholars, authors and scientists. Arboriculturist
Returning to the United States, <mask> spent most of his time resting and working on his most important hobby—his estate. His great passion was trees and the woods; he was a devotee of arboriculture. Between 1875 and 1880 <mask> was responsible for planting approximately 600,000 trees of numerous varieties.In 1880 <mask> was selected to manage the Republican Presidential campaign but he was unable to complete the assignment because of feeble health. In 1881, President James A. Garfield named <mask> as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary, but he held this post for only a few months, resigning after Garfield was assassinated. Still active in politics, <mask> was re-elected to Congress in 1883, 1885 and again in 1887. Art collector
In 1886 the <mask> mansion was completed. At Christmas time the family held a glorious celebration with people from all over the country viewing the mansion for the first time. <mask>' favorite room was a gallery which he had designed himself to hold his priceless collection of art treasures from the ends of the earth. It was nearly midnight on April 1, 1888 when <mask>, returning to his apartments in Washington, D.C. after an evening with friends, found on the table in his bedroom two telegrams which told him that his mansion in Teaneck, where his family then was, had been totally destroyed by fire, with a loss of nearly all its valuable contents.He disturbed no one upon receiving this startling news, but very early in the morning awakened his secretary, told him what had happened, and said that he was going to take an immediate train for New York. He left on the train without once alluding to the great calamity. The mansion, once the most beautiful in the area, became known as "<mask>' Ruin" and local residents picnicked near the destroyed home, marveling at what it once had been. <mask> immediately began renovation of the house. German Ambassador
In 1889, <mask> was appointed by president Benjamin Harrison as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Germany. On October 11, 1889, <mask> was presented to the German Empress at a gala performance at the Royal Opera House, given in honor of the Czar of Russia. <mask> remained in the post for one year until a case of homesickness prompted his request for a short leave of absence.He sailed for America in September 1890. In his diary <mask> wrote,

<mask> returned to Germany a year later, remaining in this post until January 1893, when his health began to suffer due to the climate. He traveled south, vacationing in Spain, Morocco, Tunis, Algiers and Italy, hoping the climate would improve his health. State judge and final days
While <mask> was vacationing, Governor of New Jersey George T. Werts appointed him Judge of the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals, then the state's highest court. Turning over the affairs of the legation to his successor, <mask> again returned to the United States to be sworn into his judicial role on June 20, 1893. In February 1894, <mask>' throat began to trouble him seriously, and the illness confined him to his home for days. He continued to try to keep up with his work and was present until the adjournment of the term.A few days later he traveled to the Hygeia Hotel at Old Point Comfort in Virginia, a resort that in the past had been a place of rest for him. <mask> became withdrawn and quiet, an attitude brought on by his physical inability to converse. The last entry in his diary is dated April 10, 1894. <mask> moved himself to Hot Springs, Virginia, where he enjoyed a temporary return of strength. Finding no lasting improvement in his health in Hot Springs, <mask> returned to his home in Teaneck on May 18. By May 31 he was bedridden, and in June he lapsed into a coma. He died June 17, 1894.Hundreds of people lined the streets of Teaneck and Englewood to honor his funeral procession. The trees he had planted himself lined the path of this final journey. At the time of his death, <mask> owned half of what is presently Teaneck. References

External links

Teaneck Public Library Virtual Village Website
<mask> <mask>, Congressman, Ambassador, and Judge
<mask> <mask> at The Political Graveyard

1839 births
1894 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey
New Jersey Republicans
Ambassadors of the United States to Austria-Hungary
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
19th-century American railroad executives
New Jersey state court judges
New York (state) lawyers
Yale University alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
People from Teaneck, New Jersey
19th-century American diplomats
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
Virginia Republicans
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
William Walter Phelps
John Jay Phelps
William Walter Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
William Phelps
William Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
Phelps
William Walter
Phelps
William Walter
Phelps


title: Harry T. Hayward

texts:
<mask><mask> (c. 1865 – December 11, 1895) was an American socialite, gambler, arsonist, and murderer. Due to his ability to manipulate others, the newspapers of the era dubbed <mask>, "The Minneapolis Svengali," "the most cold-blooded murderer that ever walked God's footstool", and, "the most bloodthirsty soul ever to usurp the human frame." A seemingly respectable member of Victorian polite society, <mask> shocked almost everyone who knew him when he was exposed as the mastermind of one of America's most infamous crimes during the Gilded Age—the 1894 murder for hire of dressmaker Catherine Ging. In the hours before his hanging at Hennepin County Jail in Minneapolis, <mask> gave a detailed interview to his cousin Edward Goodsell and a court reporter. He admitted to numerous arsons, assaults, swindles, and three unsolved murders. Early life
<mask><mask> was born in Macoupin County, Illinois, the son of William and Lodusky <mask>, and was brought to Minneapolis at the age of one year. When he was about six years old, his family briefly returned to Illinois and stayed for about one year.Following his return to Minneapolis, <mask> "went to a private school conducted by Mrs. Lockwood on Sixth avenue north, and stayed there perhaps six months." Afterwards, he attended the Minneapolis public school system until graduating high school. According to Minneapolis alienist W.A. Jones, <mask>'s boyhood, "shows marked characteristics. In early life he was recognized by his school fellows as a bully, brutal in his instincts, enjoying the sufferings of others, and delighting in the torture of domestic animals." According to Fr. James M. Cleary, a Roman Catholic priest who briefly served as his spiritual director, <mask>, "received no positive religious instruction", beyond being, "taught the difference between right and wrong", and being encouraged, "to do the right and avoid the wrong".However, "no motive was assigned", as to, "why he should shun evil and do good. All was vague and shadowy." Upon graduating, <mask> became a clerk before beginning to gamble at the age of twenty. <mask> later stated that even before this, "my god was always money." According to Fr. Cleary, <mask>, after succumbing to what a later age would call gambling addiction, began "to quiet the stings of conscience" by carefully studying Atheist writings. He reportedly avoided writings critical of Atheism, "for he sought what he found in the ridicule of religion, encouragement for his disordered and deceitful life."Dr. Jones elaborates, "He seemed without a conscience and felt no more concern in planning or executing a criminal deed in manhood than, when a boy, he deliberately impaled a live cat on the side of a fence. He did not seem to realize the enormity of his acts and the influence they exerted on the community as everything he did builded and strengthened his personal egotism." Ging murder
In January 1894, <mask> met Katherine "Kitty" Ging, a tenant of his parents at the Ozark Flats building on Hennepin Avenue and Thirteenth Street. He persuaded her to front him large sums of money, which he used gambling. When Ging demanded the return of her money, <mask> paid her with counterfeit currency. Privately, however, he described her as, "an easy mark." On December 3, 1894, Ging's body was found, shot behind the ear, on a road near Lake Calhoun.It was later revealed that <mask> had persuaded her to purchase a $10,000 life insurance policy which named him as sole beneficiary. <mask> appeared to be in the forefront in the search for the killer. He began playing up the fact that Kitty had borrowed money from him, and how he was certain someone killed her for it. However, <mask>'s brother Adry confided to a family friend Levi Stewart that <mask> had asked him to do away with Kitty. Stewart contacted the Hennepin County Attorney’s office. Adry revealed that the actual killer was Claude Blixt. After the confession of Claude Blixt, he and <mask> were arrested.Trial
<mask>'s trial for first degree murder began, before Judge Seagrave Smith, on January 21, 1895. Hennepin County Attorney Frank M. Nye appeared for the prosecution. <mask>'s defense team included William Erwin, known as "The Tall Pine Tree of the Northwest", and John Day Smith, a Baptist Deacon and Republican State Senator. Smith's experiences as a soldier in the 1st Regiment Minnesota Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War had inspired him to become Minnesota's foremost death penalty abolitionist. The trial lasted, according to <mask>, a total of 46 days and consisted in the calling of 136 witnesses. The prosecution's main witnesses were triggerman Claus Blixt and <mask>'s older brother Adry <mask>. The defense unsuccessfully tried to have Adry <mask>'s testimony ruled in-admissible, calling him insane on the subject".In overruling the objection, Judge Smith quipped, "Well, I don't see that he is any more insane at the present time than the attorney is." After the defense took over, <mask> took the stand himself and denied all allegations. The case went to the jury on Friday March 8, 1895 at 11:30 AM. At 2:15 PM, the jury returned with the verdict, "We, the jury, find the defendant, <mask><mask>, guilty of murder in the first degree." On March 11, 1895, presiding Judge Smith sentenced <mask> to death by hanging. Interview
Prior to his execution, <mask> gave a detailed series of interviews to his cousin Edward H. Goodsell. During this conversation, he admitted to numerous acts of illegal gambling, arson and three other murders.Transcripts were taken down by a court stenographer. His victims included a twenty-year-old "sporting girl" whom he met in Pasadena, California. <mask> claimed to have lured her into a remote location in the Sierra Madre, shot her in the back of the head, and buried her in the woods. <mask> then made off with $7000 which she had carried in her wallet. <mask> also claimed to have fatally shot a "consumptive" near Long Branch, New Jersey, robbed him of $2000, and disposed of his body in the Shrewsbury River. According to Harold Schechter, "His most brutal crime, however, was the slaying of a 'Chinaman' in a New York City gambling joint on Mulberry Street. Getting into an altercation over a card game, <mask>, 'knocked the Chinaman down and kicked him in the stomach.'He then picked up a chair and jabbed the pointed end of one wooden leg into the man's eye. Then, while he was, 'down and howling," <mask> sat down on the chair. 'His skull was kind of thin,' <mask> related with a chuckle, 'and I heard the chair leg smash down through his skull.'" <mask> only admitted his involvement in Ging's murder, however, when it became clear that no reprieve was going to arrive from Minnesota Governor David Marston Clough. At the end of the interview, <mask> quoted the poem, "Happy the man," by John Dryden, saying that it encompassed his philosophy of life. According to Harold Schechter, "Throughout the confession, <mask> does in fact display many of the traits that we now know are typical of serial murderers: overweening narcissism, juvenile sadism... pyromania, a total lack of empathy for other human beings. Like other serial killers, he would experience his 'murderous impulse' as a kind of autonomous 'second self that would suddenly 'come over him.'Interestingly, he also seems to have suffered from convulsions as an adolescent, possibly as a result of a head injury – a factor found in the background of many serial killers." Execution
On the early morning of December 11, 1895, <mask><mask> was hanged at Hennepin County Jail. On the evening of December 10, he said, about members of the clergy, "I like these men and want to show them respectful consideration, but I do not care for religion. As a general thing, men in this sort of predicament get religious because they think it will brace them for the final ordeal. I do not need it. I am perfectly contented." At midnight on December 11, <mask> was visited by John Day Smith, who extracted from him a promise that he would publicly proclaim his faith in Jesus Christ from the scaffold.Moments later, <mask> was clothed in a black robe and cap and led to the gallows by Hennepin County Sheriff John Holmberg. As he ambled to the scaffold, <mask> cheerfully bade the spectators, "Good evening" and requested three cheers for himself. Upon being asked if he had any last words, <mask> gave a long and verbose speech and cracked so many jokes about his imminent death that one eyewitness later recalled that the spectators, "looked upon him almost as if he were a stage performer who would soon take his bow, receive his modicum of applause, and retire." Eventually, <mask> kept his promise to Smith, "He is a religious man and I told him I would pledge him what he asked of me to say. I pledged it to him, although if I honestly believed it, I would say it, and satisfy myself, and it was this: 'Oh, God, for Christ's sake, forgive me for my sins.'" <mask> also said of his brother Adry, "He has done me no wrong. I have done him a great injustice and wrong, and I have asked for his forgiveness and received it."<mask>'s, "flippant monologue," continued until Sheriff Holmberg cut in and ordered him to, "Die like a man." <mask>'s arms and legs were then pinioned and the noose was thrown around his neck. He sneered and quipped, "Keep up your courage boys!" <mask>'s last words were those of a gambler, "Pull her tight; I'll stand pat." The gallows trap swung open at 2:12 AM, but death was not merciful. The rope had been mis-measured and <mask> slowly strangled. He was finally pronounced dead at 2:25 AM December 11, 1895.Sheriff John Holmberg was paid $250 for his services. Burial
After being conveyed to the city morgue, <mask>'s body was autopsied. His brain was removed and weighed in at 55 ounces. In accordance with the then-popular pseudoscience of phrenology, measurements were taken of <mask>'s skull in accordance with the theories of Italian criminologist and physician Cesare Lombroso, who believed that criminals were a distinctive humanoid type. It was announced that <mask> had possessed a "symmetry of skull, brain and face; the protrusion of the front teeth, and the narrow and arched palate". In conclusion, doctors ruled that <mask> was "a degenerate biological phenomenon somewhat below the savage and above the lunatic." Following a funeral ceremony at Lakewood Cemetery, <mask><mask> was interred in a family plot at the Minneapolis Pioneers and Soldiers Memorial Cemetery.Serial killer? In 2010, Minneapolis-based historian and true crime writer Jack El-Hai again brought the crimes of <mask> to national attention. El-Hai had first learned of <mask> while writing an article for the 100th anniversary of the Kitty Ging murder  in 1994. Deeply chilled by <mask>'s cold-blooded nature, El-Hai continued his research on the case for decades. When Edward Goodsell's 1896 book about his cousin was digitized and put on Google Books, El-Hai read the transcript of <mask>'s last interview for the first time and learned of his admission to 3 other unsolved murders. In a February 2010 article for Minnesota Monthly, El-Hai argued that if <mask>'s claims are proved to be true, then his crimes predate those of H. H. Holmes and are contemporary with those of Jack the Ripper. El-Hai expressed hope that <mask>'s other alleged victims would rise from obscurity, as no other justice for them is now possible.He argued that, if this ever happened, <mask> would be proven to have been America's first serial killer. True crime author and historian Harold Schechter has written, "In the end, it is impossible to know whether <mask> killed one victim or (as he claimed) four. All that can be said with certainty is that, as a case of criminal psychopathology – 'moral insanity,' in the terms of his contemporaries – <mask> was, as Goodsell and others saw it, one of the most remarkable specimens of his age." Conspiracy theory
According to <mask>, rumors soon spread that <mask> had been secretly resurrected by a secret society. When researching the Ging murder during the early 1960s, <mask> heard claims that the Freemasons' Grand Lodge of Minnesota had resurrected him. <mask>rry, however, expressed skepticism that <mask> could have survived both hanging and dissection. Ballad
The murder ballad The Fatal Ride, which describes <mask>'s involvement in the Kittie Ging murder, was written in 1895 by Joseph Vincent Brookes, a songwriter and "tragic poet" from Brainerd, Minnesota.When Brookes published the song, however, he used the pseudonym "Marius", possibly to hide the fact that he had borrowed the tune from the 1893 song The Fatal Wedding, by Gussie Davis. See also
 List of serial killers in the United States

References

Further reading
 Bessler, John D., (2003), Legacy of Violence: Lynch Mobs and Executions in Minnesota, University of Minnesota Press. Goodsell, Edward H., (1896), "<mask>: Life, crimes, dying confession and execution of the celebrated Minneapolis criminal,", Calhoun Publishing Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota. Schechter, Harold, (2012), Psycho USA: Famous American Killers You Never Heard Of, Ballantine Books. <mask>, Walter N. (1962), Murder in Minnesota: A Collection of True Cases, Minnesota Historical Society Press. External links
 Murder by Gaslight
 "The Killer who Haunts Me." by Jack El-Hai, Minnesota Monthly, February 2010.1895 deaths
19th-century American criminals
Executed people from Illinois
People convicted of murder by Minnesota
People executed by Minnesota by hanging
People from Minneapolis
People from Macoupin County, Illinois
Year of birth uncertain
19th-century executions of American people
1865 births
Suspected serial killers

masks:
Harry T
. Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Harry T
. Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
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Hayward
Hayward
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Hayward
Hayward
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Harry
Harry
Harry Hayward
Harry Hayward
Hayward
Walter Trenerry
Harry
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Harry T
. Hayward
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Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Harry
Harry
Harry
Hayward
Hayward
Harry
Harry T
. Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
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Harry Hayward
Hayward
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Harry Hayward
Hayward
Harry T
. Hayward
Harry Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Harry Hayward
Harry Hayward
Harry Hayward
Walter Trenerry
Hayward
Trenerry
Trene
Hayward
Hayward
Harry Hayward
Trenerry


title: Mary Mazzio

texts:
<mask> is an American documentary filmmaker, attorney, and a rower for the United States in the 1992 Olympics. She founded the independent film company 50 Eggs. <mask> received a B.A. in philosophy and political science from Mount Holyoke College in 1983 and a J.D. from Georgetown Law. She studied film production as a graduate student at Boston University.<ref>[http://www.bu.edu/com/filmtv/Focus/focusmarch2000/news.html FOCUS newsletter]  - March 2000</ref>  She is a former partner with the law firm of Brown Rudnick in Boston. Films

A Hero For Daisy (1999)
Her 1999 film, A Hero for Daisy, called "a landmark film" by The New York Times, is about Title IX pioneer and two-time Olympian Chris Ernst, who (in 1976) led her Yale University rowing team in a protest that increased athletic opportunities for women.This film, which won a Gracie and a Women's Foundation Journalism Award, aired nationwide on ESPN, Oxygen, and WTSN (Canada), was invited to screen at The Smithsonian, and is in thousands of classrooms across the nation. Apple Pie (2002)Apple Pie, which was broadcast on ESPN, chronicles extraordinary athletes and their mothers, including Drew Bledsoe, Mia Hamm, Shaquille O'Neal, Grant Hill, Kenny Lofton, and others. The film was called "illuminating... told with deftness and emotion...priceless" by The New York Times. Lemonade Stories (2004)Lemonade Stories, featuring Richard Branson, Arthur Blank, Russell Simmons, Tom Scott and other entrepreneurs, was the subject of a USA Today cover story, broadcast on CNNfn and is being shown throughout the world on television and in classrooms, board rooms, business schools, and consulting firms. Ten9Eight: Shoot for the Moon (2009)TEN9EIGHT tells the inspirational stories of several inner city teens who discover the power of entrepreneurship and compete in a national business plan competition. The title, TEN9EIGHT, refers to the fact that every 9 seconds a teen drops out of a U.S. high school. TEN9EIGHT was released in the fall of 2009 in a first-of-its-kind partnership with AMC Theaters in New York, LA, Washington DC, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta, Miami and Kansas City.BET and CENTRIC networks broadcast TEN9EIGHT initially on February 7, 2010 as part of Viacom's GET SCHOOLED initiative with the Gates Foundation. The broadcast coincided with a special screening at the White House Summit hosted by the US Department of Education and the Library of Congress, as well as the release of a companion book to the film, Teens Blast Off, published by Scholastic. New York Times columnist Tom Friedman said this about TEN9EIGHT: "Obama should arrange for this movie to be shown in every classroom in America. It is the most inspirational, heartwarming film you will ever see." The film was also called "inspiring… should be compulsory viewing in high schools around the country" (Lael Lowenstein, Variety), "very well made" (Mike Hale, The New York Times) and "important," (Marshall Fine, Huffington Post). The film was named by Take Part as one of the 10 best documentary films on education. Also selected as a finalist of VH1's "Do Something" Awards.The Apple Pushers (2011)The Apple Pushers, written and directed by <mask>, narrated by Academy Award nominee Edward Norton, and underwritten by the Laurie M. Tisch Illumination Fund, follows immigrant street vendors who are rolling fresh fruits and vegetables into the inner cities of New York (where finding a fresh red ripe apple can be a serious challenge). These pushcart vendors, who have immigrated here from all parts of the world for different reasons, and who have sacrificed so much to come to this country (a near fatal crossing of the Mexican border, as an example) – are now part of a new experiment in New York to help solve the food crisis and skyrocketing obesity rates in the inner city. The film had a special screening at the Aspen Ideas Festival where thought leaders and policy makers, including Robin Schepper (the head of Mrs. Obama's "Let's Move" campaign), discussed the film and the issues of how to tackle the obesity crisis in low-income neighborhoods across the country. In addition, Kathleen Merrigan, Deputy Secretary of the USDA, hosted a special screening of The Apple Pushers at the Motion Picture Association in Washington DC for policy leaders, heads of federal agencies, and others in a position to help spread the message of the film - which is to think creatively about pushing back the borders of food deserts. Contrarian (2013)
Narrated by Fred Dalton Thompson and directed by <mask>, Contrarian chronicles the life of philanthropist and legendary investor, John Templeton, who ranks among the top investors of all time, alongside Warren Buffett and Peter Lynch. In fact, long before Buffett and Lynch were on the radar, thousands of people were trekking to Templeton's annual meetings – making Templeton the first true rock star investor. Broadcast on Bloomberg Television nationwide and internationally throughout Asia.Underwater Dreams (2014)Underwater Dreams, written and directed by <mask>, and narrated by Michael Peña, is the epic story of how the sons of undocumented Mexican immigrants learned how to build an underwater robot from Home Depot parts. And defeat engineering powerhouse MIT in the process. Hailed by Jonathan Alter as "the most politically significant documentary film since Waiting for Superman (The Daily Beast); featured on the Colbert Report; called "astonishing… already a contender for the best documentary of 2014″ (David Noh, Film Journal); "moving and insightful" (Gary Goldstein, Los Angeles Times), and named one of the Best Family Movies of 2014 by Common Sense Media, alongside Selma and Birdman; Underwater Dreams was released theatrically in Los Angeles, New York, and Phoenix with AMC Theatres. This film screened at the White House, coming on the heels of a new coalition of corporate funders, educational institutions and non-profits, all galvanized together to fund STEM education for under-represented students. Called the Let Everyone Dream Coalition, the film has raised approximately $100 million. I Am Jane Doe (2017)I am Jane Doe chronicles the legal battle that several American mothers are waging on behalf of their middle-school daughters, who were trafficked for commercial sex on Backpage.com, the classified advertising website formerly owned by the Village Voice. Reminiscent of Erin Brockovich and Karen Silkwood, these mothers have stood up on behalf of thousands of other mothers, fighting back and refusing to take no for an answer.Narrated by Academy Award-nominee Jessica Chastain, directed by award-winning filmmaker <mask>, and produced by <mask> along with Academy Award-nominee Alec Sokolow, I Am Jane Doe is a gut-wrenching human story and fresh look at a social and legal issue that affects every community in America. Called "a gripping legal thriller" (Esquire); "a powerful call to action" (The Los Angeles Times); "a viscerally emotional case (The Washington Post); "especially impressive…a powerful piece of work" (Elle Magazine); and "striking…powerful" (The Film Journal), the film was also highlighted in The New Yorker, Vogue, Cosmo, and People Magazine (Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3). The film has catalyzed extraordinary activity, including new legislation (on a bipartisan basis) signed by the President in the spring of 2018; investigative reporting into the links between Google and Backpage; and a federal criminal probe of Backpage executives, resulting in a 93-count indictment. I Am Little Red (2017)I am Little Red is a 10-minute animated short aimed at children most at-risk for sex trafficking (e.g. foster-care, runaway, LBGTQ, homeless, and adopted children), with the goal of prevention and awareness. The film, narrated by Academy Award-nominee Jessica Chastain (English) and Aislinn Derbez (Spanish), animated by Academy Award winners Gabriel Osorio Vargas and Pato Escala Pierart from Punkrobot, and written by 10 survivors of sex trafficking (aged 14–21) along with Alec Sokolow (Academy Award nominated writer of Toy Story) and <mask>, is a contemporary re-imagining of the classic fairy tale, Little Red Riding Hood. I AM LITTLE RED addresses the four tactics a "wolf" (trafficker/pimp) will use to lure Little Reds off their path.A Most Beautiful Thing (2020)
<mask>'s 2020 film A Most Beautiful Thing chronicles the story of the first African American public high school rowing team in the USA, made up of young men from the West Side of Chicago (many of whom were in rival gangs). Narrated by Academy Award-winner Common, and executive produced by NBA stars Grant Hill and Dwyane Wade, along with Grammy-winning producer 9th Wonder who also made the film's hip-hop score. A Most Beautiful Thing was set to premiere on March 16, 2020 at South by Southwest with a theatrical release slated for March 27, 2020 with AMC Theatres. Because of COVID-19 concerns, the film's release was postponed and released on Comcast NBCUniversal's Xfinity service on July 30, 2020, before moving to both their Peacock streaming service on September 4, 2020 and Amazon Prime on October 30, 2020. The film holds a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes and was nominated in 2020 for Best Sports Documentary at the 5th Annual Critics Choice Documentary Awards. The film has held screenings hosted by the NAACP, members of Congress, professional sports teams, colleges and universities as well as key HBCU institutions, companies, and community groups. On October 30, 2020 FILA released a limited edition FILAxAMBT Tennis 88 sneaker with proceeds benefitting the A Most Beautiful Thing Inclusion Fund which was established by the George Pocock Rowing Foundation to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion in the sport of rowing.Awards
 Honorary Degree, Mount Holyoke College
 The Gracie Award American Heritage AwardWomen's Sports Foundation Journalism Award American Heritage Award Myra Sadker awardHenry Luce Foundation Fellowship (Korea)Rotary Foundation Graduate Fellowship (France)Rhode Island Film Festival - 1st Place Judge's Commendation for Best Documentary
The Hope Award from the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children

References

External links

"<mask>, unlikely hero for those less fortunate" - Boston Globe
A Hero For Daisy Website
Apple Pie Website
Lemonade Stories Website
Ten9Eight Website
The Apple Pushers Website
Contrarian Website
Underwater Dreams Website
"These Undocumented Teens Outsmarted MIT--and Still Can't Get Real Jobs in America" - The Daily Beast
 50 Eggs Website
 <mask> - 50 Eggs Films blog
 I am Jane Doe Website
 I Am Jane Doe Review - Esquire Magazine
 "'I Am Jane Doe' Takes on Backpage" - The New Yorker
 "A New Movie Spotlights the Teenagers Working to Expose Child Sex Trafficking" - Vogue
 "Sold for Sex: Underage Trafficking Victim Shares how She was Saved from Abuse in New Documentary." – People Magazine Series with Part 1: People Magazine,  Part 2:  People Magazine, and Part 3:  People Magazine

American documentary filmmakers
American women lawyers
American film directors
Boston University College of Communication alumni
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Living people
Mount Holyoke College alumni
Rowers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic rowers of the United States
American female rowers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women documentary filmmakers

masks:
Mary Mazzio
Mazzio
Mary Mazzio
Mary Mazzio
Mary Mazzio
Mary Mazzio
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Mary Mazzio
Mazzio
Mary Mazzio
Mary Mazzio


title: Robert Dentler

texts:
<mask><mask> (November 26, 1928 – March 20, 2008) was an American sociologist who co-authored and oversaw the controversial court-ordered busing plan to desegregate Boston's public schools in the 1970s through the 1980s. He was involved in the school desegregation plans for at least sixteen other northern American cities and the University of North Carolina system. Education and career
In 1949, he received a bachelor's in political science from Northwestern University. <mask> began his career in 1949 as a crime reporter for the Chicago City News Bureau. In 1950, he earned a master's in English literature from Northwestern, then taught at the Pomfret School as an English teacher from 1950 to 1952. He then served as an intelligence officer for the U.S. government from 1952 to 1954. In 1954, he received a master's in sociology from American University.His master's thesis was the first in-depth study of the Federal Writers' Project, the New Deal program to support writers during the Great Depression. <mask> then obtained a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Chicago in 1960. <mask> taught at the U.S. Army War College and Dickinson College from 1955 to 1957. While a Ph.D. candidate, <mask> taught at the University of Chicago. He then taught at the University of Kansas (1959-1961), and Dartmouth College (1961-1962), and spent the following ten years at Teachers College, Columbia University. In 1972 he became Dean of Education and University Professor of Education and Sociology at Boston University. He became a tenured professor of education and sociology at the University of Massachusetts, Boston in 1983.He retired his faculty position 1992 and continued to teach part-time there until his death. National desegregation efforts
<mask> worked as a director of the Institute for Urban Studies, established in 1963 by faculty at Columbia University Teachers College. In that capacity, <mask> was hired by the New York State Education Commission as a researcher and staff writer. He and colleagues Richard Boardman and  Bernard Mackler co-authored Desegregating the New York City Public Schools (1964), commonly known as the Allen Report. The Allen Report was intended to provide the data and research to support the desegregation of the New York City public school system, then the nation's largest school district with more than 1,000 schools and over a million students. <mask> later advised on desegregation plans for New York City, Buffalo, Rochester and White Plains, New York; Bridgeport and Stamford, Connecticut; Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;  Los Angeles and San Bernardino, California. From 1973 to 1985, <mask> was involved in drafting and implementing Boston's controversial desegregation plan.In 1979, he worked on desegregating the University of North Carolina system. In the 1980s, he advised desegregation efforts in the southern school districts of St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri; Little Rock; Mobile, Alabama; and DeKalb County, Georgia. In 1994, he served as the leading expert witness in the federal court case that led to the desegregation of schools in Rockford, Illinois. Boston school desegregation

In 1973, <mask> was appointed to the Boston Mayor’s Commission on the Public School, as U.S. District Judge W. Arthur Garrity Jr. considered whether the Boston Public Schools were in violation of the Massachusetts Racial Imbalance Act. In 1975, Garrity selected <mask> and Boston University's associate dean, Marvin B. Scott, to draft the Boston school desegregation plan, which involved the busing of thousands of students to break up the high level of segregation in the Boston school system. The plan transformed the Boston schools over a decade marked by incidents of racial conflict and violence, often directed by working-class whites against black students. <mask> was critical of  Common Ground, J. Anthony Lucas's Pulitzer-Prize-winning book about the Boston busing crisis, saying "social and political demography as well as intergroup history get short shrift," saying the author wove a "complete fabric of exculpation out of the stuff of ... local legends."<mask> believed the book was somewhat unfair and inaccurate in its depiction of Judge Garrity, with whom <mask> had a close and enduring professional and personal relationship. Conflict with John Silber

<mask> was one of fifteen academic deans who led a revolt against Boston University President John Silber, who survived multiple "no-confidence" votes by trustees and faculty in the 1970s and 1980s. Silber's firing of the deans was the subject of a cover article for Esquire Magazine in 1977 by Nora Ephron. Praise
"He had a deep and abiding desire for achieving justice. He would have nothing to do with a plan that wasn't designed to achieve justice. Justice as he saw it was justice for people of color as well as for white people. It was justice for people of limited income as well as for affluent people.That was something that stayed with him." — Charles Willie, one of the court-appointed special masters for Judge Garrity's desegregation plan. Personal life
<mask> was the son of Arnold and Jennie Munsen <mask> of Oak Park, Illinois. His wife, Helen Hosmer <mask>, whom he married in 1950, was an artist who designed a number of book jackets for <mask>'s publications and in her fifties returned to school to become a paralegal. She retired after ten years with the Boston law firm Hale & Dorr. They had one daughter, <mask>, and two sons, Eric Arnold <mask> and Robin Howard <mask>. His brother, Rev.<mask> (1922-2013), a board member of the Heifer Foundation, was a pastor active in the liberal Christian denomination, Disciples of Christ, who began his ministerial career serving an African-American congregation in the 1950s. <mask> served as president of the congregation of First Parish Unitarian-Universalist Church of Lexington, Massachusetts. His principal avocation was poetry. In the final year of his life, he became the oldest student to enroll in the poetry-writing seminar taught by acclaimed Massachusetts poet Tom Daley, who eulogized Dentler at a memorial service held at First Parish Church in April 2008. <mask> died of geriatric myelodysplasia. Personal and professional biographical information about <mask> has been collected by independent scholar Thomas Quirk. Bibliography
Among <mask>'s 16 books:
 Big City Dropouts and Illiterates (1967)
 Schools on Trial: An Inside Account of the Boston Desegregation Case (1981)
 University on Trial: The Case of the University of North Carolina (1983)
 Practicing Sociology (2002)
 Hostage America (Beacon Press 1963) (reportedly <mask>'s favorite, Hostage America analyzed the human and sociological consequences of a nuclear attack)

Awards and honors
<mask> earned several awards in his career:
 William Lloyd Garrison Award, Massachusetts Educational Opportunity Association, 1992
 Distinguished Career Award, Sociological Practice, American Sociological Association, 1993
 Distinguished Career Award, American Sociological Association, 2007

The American Sociological Association confers an annual Award for Outstanding Student Achievement in his honor.In 2008, Northwestern University established the <mask> Memorial Prize in poetry, an annual creative writing competition. References

External links
<mask> papers, 1918-2008, University Archives and Special Collections, Joseph P. Healey Library, University of Massachusetts Boston

1928 births
2008 deaths
American sociologists
Northwestern University alumni
American University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Kansas faculty
Dartmouth College faculty
Columbia University faculty
Boston University faculty
University of Massachusetts Boston faculty

masks:
Robert A
. Dentler
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Dentler
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Deborah Dentler
Dentler
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Howard Dentler
Dentler
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Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Dentler
Robert Dentler
Robert Dentler


title: Jim Johnson (American football)

texts:
<mask> (May 26, 1941July 28, 2009) was an American football coach, formerly serving as defensive coordinator with the Philadelphia Eagles. Widely regarded as one of the best defensive coordinators in the National Football League (NFL), he was especially known for being a master architect of blitzes, disguising them skillfully and keeping offenses off balance. In more than 40 years of coaching, <mask> held head coaching duties only once (at the collegiate level), but was interviewed by the Arizona Cardinals regarding their head coaching vacancy in 2004. Playing career
A native of Maywood, Illinois, <mask> played high school football for Proviso East High School in Maywood, Illinois. He played college football for head coach Dan Devine at the University of Missouri from 1959 to 1962. An all-Big Eight quarterback, <mask> played in the same backfield with long-time NFL executive Bill Tobin. He went undrafted in the 1963 NFL Draft, but was signed to play tight end by the Buffalo Bills of the AFL (1963–64).Coaching career

<mask> began his coaching career as head coach at Missouri Southern (1967–68), before serving four-year tenures at Drake University (1969–72) and Indiana University (1973–76). In 1977, <mask> was hired by his former head coach at Missouri, Dan Devine, as defensive backs coach at University of Notre Dame. After helping the 1977 Fighting Irish to win the national championship in his first year, <mask> was later promoted to defensive coordinator and assistant head coach under Gerry Faust. Leaving Notre Dame in 1984, <mask> coached in the short-lived USFL with the Oklahoma Outlaws (1984) and Jacksonville Bulls (1985). In 1986, he finally entered the NFL as a coach, spending eight seasons with the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals (1986–93). After overseeing the Cards defensive line for four seasons, <mask> excelled as their secondary coach, helping Aeneas Williams become the first rookie cornerback to lead the league in interceptions (6) since 1981. In 1994, he joined the Indianapolis Colts as linebackers coach under head coach Ted Marchibroda.After defensive coordinator Vince Tobin left the Colts in 1996 to become head coach of the Cardinals, <mask> was deemed his successor by new Colts head coach Lindy Infante. The Colts finished last in the AFC East in 1997, causing Infante and his staff to be fired. <mask> spent the 1998 NFL season as linebackers coach on the final staff of Seattle Seahawks head coach Dennis Erickson, before leaving for Philadelphia. He helped the Seahawks register 10 TDs on defense, including 8 INTs returned for scores, 2nd most in NFL history. If <mask> had stayed, he could have stepped into the coordinator's role when Fritz Shurmur died of cancer that summer. On January 22, 1999, Eagles head coach Andy Reid targeted and hired <mask> as the Eagles new defensive coordinator. <mask>'s tenure in Philadelphia was his most successful, as the Eagles won 5 division titles, each reaping the benefits of his defenses.Because head coach Andy Reid is known more for his acumen on the offensive side of the ball, he handed complete control of the defensive unit of the team to <mask>, allowing Reid to concentrate on running the offense with his offensive coordinators, Brad Childress and later Marty Mornhinweg. Reid repeatedly said he had full confidence in <mask> and the Eagles rewarded him accordingly, as he became one of the highest paid coordinators in the NFL. "As I've said many times, <mask> is the best in the business at what he does", said Reid upon signing his prized defensive coordinator to a lucrative four-year contract extension in 2005. "His defensive units continue to produce at a very high level as he puts a lot of pressure on opposing offenses." From 2000–07, <mask>'s units rank tied for first in the NFL with 342 sacks, second in the league in 3rd down efficiency (34.3%) and red zone touchdown percentage (43.0%), and fourth in fewest points allowed (17.6 per game). In 2001, <mask>'s unit became the fourth team in NFL history to go all 16 games without allowing more than 21 points. Their streak of allowing 21 or fewer in 34 straight games was second longest in NFL history (Minnesota, 1968–71).In 1999, <mask>'s unit forced an NFL-best 46 turnovers, including a team-record 5 interceptions returned for TDs. Eagles defenders were selected for the Pro Bowl 26 times during <mask>'s tenure. Former Eagle Brian Dawkins led the way with seven. Other Eagles defenders to go to the Pro Bowl under <mask> include Troy Vincent (five), Jeremiah Trotter (four), Hugh Douglas (three), Lito Sheppard (two), and Trent Cole, Michael Lewis, Asante Samuel, Corey Simon, Bobby Taylor (one each). Current NFL head coaches John Harbaugh (special teams and defensive backs), Ron Rivera (linebackers), and Sean McDermott (defensive backs and linebackers) coached under <mask> with the Eagles. Illness and death
Shortly after the Eagles were eliminated from the playoffs, on January 29, 2009, it was announced that <mask> was undergoing treatment for melanoma. In mid-May, <mask> announced a leave of absence due to the advancement of the cancer, with secondary coach Sean McDermott taking over duties as the interim defensive coordinator.On July 24, 2009, <mask> officially resigned as defensive coordinator, with McDermott having the interim tag removed. Four days later, on July 28, 2009, <mask> died at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania at the age of 68. Head coaching record

College

References

1941 births
2009 deaths
American football quarterbacks
American football tight ends
Arizona Cardinals coaches
Buffalo Bills players
Indianapolis Colts coaches
Missouri Southern Lions football coaches
Missouri Tigers football players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
Seattle Seahawks coaches
Philadelphia Eagles coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
United States Football League coaches
Sportspeople from Maywood, Illinois
Deaths from melanoma
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
American Football League players

masks:
Jim Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Jim Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Jim Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Eliza McCartney

texts:
<mask> (born 11 December 1996) is a New Zealand track and field athlete who competes in the pole vault and won the bronze medal in this event at the 2016 Summer Olympics. She is the current New Zealand and Oceania record holder at , and is the outdoor world junior record holder at  (her absolute junior record has since been passed indoors). She also won the silver medal at the Summer Universiade in 2015. In 2018, she placed second at the Commonwealth Games. Personal life
<mask> was born in Auckland, where she still lives in the seaside suburb of Devonport. Her father <mask> previously competed in the high jump while her mother Donna Marshall previously competed as a gymnast. She has two younger brothers.She attended her local primary school and then Belmont Intermediate School and later moved onto Takapuna Grammar School, where she was in the same year as the singer-songwriter Lorde; the two played netball together. <mask> was most fond of netball growing up, with her height and agility giving her an advantage in playing defence. She also participated in a myriad of other sports in her youth, including cross country running, basketball, touch rugby, squash, tennis, swimming, and water polo. Eventually, she moved onto track and field, being a successful high jumper in her early teens before beginning pole vaulting in 2011. <mask> studies physiology at the University of Auckland. Career

In 2011, at age 14, <mask> began pole vaulting. She has always been coached by Jeremy McColl.In 2012, <mask> won the national youth (under 18) title and the New Zealand secondary school championship. The following year she broke the New Zealand youth record and was selected for the 2013 World Youth Championships in Athletics where she finished fourth. In July 2014 <mask> took the bronze medal at the 2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics, with a vault of  which was her first New Zealand national record. In 2015, she claimed her first senior national title at the New Zealand Athletics Championships. and gained the silver medal at the Universiade  with a height of . On 19 December 2015 <mask> set a world junior record of  at Auckland's Mount Smart Stadium. On 17 January 2016 she vaulted  in Brisbane, Australia improving her own national senior and junior records (but not the world junior record).<mask> and McColl's long-term goal had been for her to compete at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, but it became clear during 2015 that the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro may already be a possibility. On 23 February 2016, she jumped  at the Vertical Pursuit international pole vault competition at Millennium Institute of Sport in Auckland, setting four new records: New Zealand national, New Zealand under 20, New Zealand resident, and New Zealand all comers. She was subsequently added to the New Zealand team to the 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships

On 5 March 2016, she jumped  at the national championships in Dunedin, to surpass her own New Zealand record. It is not clear whether or not this set a new Oceania record. The IAAF normally requires a minimum of three competitors in an event for a record to be ratified and in this case, there were only two. Regardless, the Oceanian record was broken later in July 2016 by Alana Boyd of Australia, with a jump of 4.81 m.

<mask> made her senior international debut at the March 2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Portland, Oregon. She placed fifth with a vault of , setting a new New Zealand indoor record.In April 2016, <mask> was selected to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. In the Olympic final, she cleared 4.50 m, 4.60 m, 4.70 m, and her personal best 4.80 m on her first attempts, but was eliminated after failing to clear 4.85 m. Her 4.80 m result and no misses up to that height saw her place ahead of Australia's Alana Boyd to win the bronze medal. At age 19 years and 252 days, <mask> became the youngest Olympic medallist in the women's pole vault. She was also only the fourth New Zealand Olympic medallist in a field event, after Yvette Williams (long jump, 1952), Valerie Adams (shot put, 2008, 2012, 2016), and Tomas Walsh (shot put, 2016). BMX rider Sarah Walker, an Olympic silver medallist, approached <mask> at the Halberg Awards ceremony on 18 February 2016 and has been mentoring her since. On 22 February 2017, <mask> equalled her indoor national record of  at the Vertical Pursuit, held at Auckland's Britomart precinct. Four days later, she jumped a height of  at the Auckland Track Challenge, breaking her own national record and the Oceanian record.On 26 May 2018, Mccartney again broke her national and Oceanian records when she jumped a height of  at the Prefontaine Classic in Oregon. On 24 June 2018, in Mannheim, Germany she improved upon her personal best to 4.86. A few minutes later, she improved it again to 4.92. The 4.92 ranks her as the fourth highest female vaulter in history. On 18 July 2018, at a "street vault" in Jockgrim, Germany, <mask> cleared 4.94m. The vault was a new National and Oceania record and the #1 vault in the world in 2018. In her first competition of 2019, <mask> cleared 4.85 m at the Potts Classic, breaking her New Zealand resident record.An achilles tendon injury in March 2021 prevented her from competing in the Tokyo Olympics. Notes
1. An Athletics New Zealand Resident Record is the best performance by a New Zealander(s) in New Zealand. Awards and recognition
<mask> won the Emerging Talent category of New Zealand's Halberg Awards for 2015 at an awards ceremony held on 18 February 2016. The year before, she was a finalist in the Halberg Awards Emerging Talent category, which was won by cyclist Regan Gough. <mask>'s 4.80 m vault that won her the Olympic bronze medal was voted New Zealand's Favourite Sporting Moment at the Halberg Awards for 2016. Sponsorship and advertising work
In October 2016, <mask> became an ambassador for Beef and Lamb New Zealand, joining existing athlete ambassadors Lisa Carrington, Sophie Pascoe, and Sarah Walker.Also in October 2016, <mask> became a brand ambassador for Blueberries NZ. In December 2016, <mask> featured alongside several other notable New Zealanders in an aircraft safety video for Air New Zealand, entitled Summer of Safety. In June 2021, <mask> became the Hyundai NZ Electric Vehicle ambassador. Statistics

Personal bests

Pole vault annual progression

International competitions

National titles
New Zealand National Track & Field Championships
 Pole vault: 2015, 2016, 2017

References

External links

Living people
1996 births
People from North Shore, New Zealand
Athletes from Auckland
New Zealand female pole vaulters
People educated at Takapuna Grammar School
Olympic athletes of New Zealand
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for New Zealand
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for New Zealand
Universiade silver medalists for New Zealand
Medalists at the 2015 Summer Universiade

masks:
Eliza McCartney
McCartney
William McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney


title: Mohammed Ali Abdullah Bwazir

texts:
<mask>r is a citizen of Yemen, once held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba. Bwazir's Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 440. American intelligence analysts estimate he was born in 1980, in Howra, Yemen. Bwazir arrived in Guantanamo on May 1, 2002. In December 2015, unnamed officials leaked that Congress had been given notice that 17 individuals would be transferred from Guantanamo starting in thirty days. The US military planned to transfer the last three of those seventeen on January 21, 2016. Both his lawyers and military officials were surprised when Bwazir balked at the last moment, and declined repatriation.On January 5, 2017, Bwazir and three other Yemeni men were transferred to Saudi Arabia. Hunger strike
The Washington Post reports that Bwazir's lawyers assert that Bawazir was one of those participating in the 2006 Guantanamo hunger strike, and that the new harsher procedures camp authorities instituted to break the hunger strike violated last fall's proscription on torture. Camp authorities have been force-feeding hunger strikers. In January 2006, camp authorities started using "restraint chairs" to feed detainees. The Center for Constitutional Rights quoted from the emergency injunction Bwazir's lawyers filed on his behalf, in reaction to what they described as the unnecessary violence of his force-feeding in the restraint chair:
 Forcibly strapped Mr. Bawazir into a restraint chair, tying his legs, arms, head, and midsection to the chair. Inserted of a feeding tube that was larger than the tube that had previously been left in Mr. Bwazir's nose, increasing the pain of the insertion and extraction. Poured four bottles of water into his stomach through the nasal gastric tube every time he was fed even though Mr. Bawazir has never refused to drink water by mouth.Restrained Mr. Bawazir in the chair for extended periods at each feeding. Denied Mr. Bawazir access to a toilet while he was restrained and then for an additional hour or more after he was released from the chair. Placed Mr. Bawazir in solitary confinement. Medical records show Bwazir's weight had dropped to 97 pounds, during the 140 days of his hunger strike. Medical records show Bawazir was restrained in the chair longer than the manufacturer's directions. Lieutenant Colonel Jeremy Martin asserted that the force-feedings were conducted humanely. He explained the extraordinary duration of the detainee's confinement to the restraint chair was due to the length of time the force-feeding took.U.S. government lawyers argued that the bans on torture and cruel and unusual treatment didn't apply to captives in Guantánamo Bay. Justice Gladys Kessler called the allegations "extremely disturbing". On February 11, 2009, US District Court judge Gladys Kessler declined to bar the use of restraint chairs for force-feeding
<mask> <mask>r and
Omar Khamis Bin Hamdoon. Kessler has noted that Bwazir and Hamdoon's petition stated that the use of the restraint chair was "tantamount to torture". However, she stated the opinion that because she lacked the medical expertise to evaluate the position of the camp's medical authorities she lacked jurisdiction to rule on the petition. According to the Agence France Presse, Bwazir and Hamdoon were not opposed to being force fed, and so claimed in their petition that the use of restraints was unnecessary. According to the Agence France Presse, camp authorities are withholding medical treatment for their other ailments from the hunger strikers, in an attempt to pressure them to quit their strike.Official status reviews

Originally, the Bush Presidency asserted that captives apprehended in the "war on terror" were not covered by the Geneva Conventions, and could be held indefinitely, without charge, and without an open and transparent review of the justifications for their detention. In 2004, the United States Supreme Court ruled, in Rasul v. Bush, that Guantanamo captives were entitled to being informed of the allegations justifying their detention, and were entitled to try to refute them. Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants

Following the Supreme Court's ruling, the Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants. Scholars at the Brookings Institution, led by Benjamin Wittes, listed the captives still held in Guantanamo in December 2008, according to whether their detention was justified by certain common allegations:

 <mask> <mask>  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... are associated with both Al Qaeda and the Taliban." <mask> <mask>r  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... traveled to Afghanistan for jihad." <mask> <mask>  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges that the following detainees stayed in Al Qaeda, Taliban or other guest- or safehouses." <mask> <mask>  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... took military or terrorist training in Afghanistan."<mask> <mask>r  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges ... fought for the Taliban." <mask> <mask>r  was listed as one of the captives who "The military alleges that the following detainees were captured under circumstances that strongly suggest belligerency." <mask> <mask>r  was listed as one of the captives who was a foreign fighter. <mask> <mask>r  was listed as one of the captives who "deny affiliation with Al Qaeda or the Taliban yet admit facts that, under the broad authority the laws of war give armed parties to detain the enemy, offer the government ample legal justification for its detention decisions." <mask> <mask>r was listed as one of the eight captives who could not be fit into the Wittes team's other classifications. habeas corpus

A habeas corpus petition was filed on Bwazir's behalf in 2005. Formerly secret Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment

On April 25, 2011, whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published formerly secret assessments drafted by Joint Task Force Guantanamo analysts.His 9-page Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment was drafted on October 27, 2008. It was signed by camp commandant Rear Admiral David M. Thomas Jr. He recommended continued detention. References

External links
 Who Are the Remaining Prisoners in Guantánamo? Part Two: Captured in Afghanistan (2001) Andy Worthington, September 17, 2010
<mask> <mask>r: Allegations of Abuse

Detainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Yemeni extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
Living people
Year of birth uncertain
1980 births

masks:
Mohammed Ali Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazir
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazir
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazir
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi
Mohammed Ali
Abdullah Bwazi


title: Aatifi

texts:
<mask> (born 1965) is a contemporary Afghan-German painter, printmaker and calligrapher. He was born in Kandahar, Afghanistan. He lives and works in Bielefeld, Germany. His works contain abstracted Arabian calligraphy and modern European influences. Biography
After graduating as a master calligrapher early, he moved to Kabul in 1982. There he finished High School, opened a workshop shortly after and built a school for drawing and calligraphy. He then entered the Kabul University's Fine Arts Faculty in 1989 to become a painter.In the same year, he was awarded the Prize for Calligraphy and Composition by the Afghan Ministry of Culture and was awarded a second time the year after. In 1991, he was awarded first place by the artists group Hakim Naser Khesraw Balkhi. In 1992, he finished his studies in Kabul. Moving to Germany in 1995, <mask> became a member of the Sächsischer Künstlerbund and worked as a stipendiary at Moritzburg Castle in 1997. He then got recognized by painter and professor  who offered him classes in 1997/98 at Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. In the late 1990s <mask> moved to Bielefeld where he set up his studio to work and to create art to the present day. Solo Exhibition at Museum für Islamische Kunst in the Pergamon Museum Berlin (2015)
Invited by director Stefan Weber Aatifi curated an exhibition in the Museum für Islamische Kunst in the Pergamon Museum Berlin in 2015 titled 'Aatifi - News from Afghanistan'.Specialised in preserving and presenting ancient Islamic art, Weber's decision to implement contemporary paintings on a large scale in the museum for the first time was based on <mask>'s approach towards calligraphy. '<mask> comes from a living tradition, which also distinguishes him from a number of contemporary artists [ ... ]. The strengths of the tradition - i.e. the foundations of classical aesthetics in calligraphy - are not always known, nor is the freedom of distancing oneself from these understood. That's why poor imitations of cultural archetypes are produced. Not so with Aatifi. <mask> pulls off the balancing act [ ...].' Work and techniques
Aatifis works can be described as a form of highly stylized appropriation of written language. Coming from the tradition of classic Arabian calligraphy however, he tried to reduce the evidence of perceivable language even further to the point of him using the bare shapes of his source material for the intricacy of the composition. Using acrylics, chalk, ink, charcoal, and metal to establish a wide range of intercepted and connected spaces. In his figurative and abstract works Aatifi also turns to printmaking in various techniques, which he first got in contact with when living in Dresden. His colour palette is a representation of his experiences in Afghanistan and Germany, but is also based on his travels around the world. In 2016, Aatifi has included works in collage technique to his oeuvre.In: Horizonte der Bild-Kunst-Geschichte, Part 1, 1st edition, Athena-Verlag, Oberhausen 2018. Julia Thieke: Zwischen Lapislazuli und Lithium. Künstlerportrait Aatifi. In: Kunst & Material [magazine], 2016. Martina Bauer (Ed. ): Aatifi – News from Afghanistan [exhibition catalogue], Kerber Verlag, 2015. Kunstverein Zwickau e.V.(Ed. ): Internationales Grafiksymposium Zwickau Zebra 5. [exhibition catalogue] 2013. The Graphic Arts Museum of Schreiner Foundation (Ed. ): Von Kaiserblau bis Luxusschwarz. [exhibition catalogue] Verlag Grafik Museum Stiftung Schreiner, 2011. Friederike Schir, Reiner Kuhn, Manuel Schroeder, Inga Schubert-Hartmann (Eds.): Metakom. [exhibition catalogue], Kettler, 2011. References

External links
 Artist's website
 Exhibition details about 'Aatifi - News from Afghanistan' on the website of the Museum für Islamische Kunst
 Elke Vogel, fünf Ausstellungstipps der Woche',  art Das Kunstmagazin, online-edition, 2. Juli 2015

Further reading

Afghan artists
German painters
German calligraphers
German printmakers
1965 births
Living people

masks: Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi Aatifi


title: Kavi Kunjara Bharati

texts:
<mask> (1810–1896) was a Tamil poet and a composer of Carnatic music. He was born in a family with long involvement in music and scholarship. Ancestry
His ancestors belonged to Tirunelveli district. His parents lived in the village of Perungarai in Ramanathapuram district. It is said the whole village was a gift from Maharaja Ragunatha Sethupathi (1675–1670) to their family. His given name was Koteeswara Bharathi after his grandfather with the same name. His father was Subramanya Bharathi.His father and grandfather were also well known musicians as well as his maternal grandfather, Nandanur Nagabharathi. Father Subramanya Bharathi and grandfather Kotiswara Bharathi were also scholars in Tamil and Sanskrit. His parents, who were longing to have a child, prayed weekly at the Murugan temple in Kodumalur (near Perungarai) and the child was considered to be blessed by Lord Muruga. In his early boyhood he was taught  Sanskrit and Tamil and thanks to his brilliance in poetry, language skills and music, he developed an intellectual relationship with the then famous poet Madurakavi Bharathiar. One could imagine fruitful discussions among the two in the presence of their families and Koteeswara Bharthi, at the early age of 12 started composing kirtanams and prabandhas in the praise of his favourite gods Muruga, Meenalkshi Sundareswarar and Subrahmanya. When he was 18, he became critically ill and at this stage, the legend says that the local deity appeared in his dreams and told him to compose songs in her praise in order to get well. The next day he found that he was feeling much stronger and full of verve.He then fulfilled the deity's wish and composed a prabandha in the name of the deity and sang it in the temple. His most famous work, the Opera "Azhahar Kuravanji", was composed in 1840. It was first sung in a zamindar's palace in Sivaganga and soon his fame spread all over the region. He was then invited by King Gouri Vallabha of Sivaganga to present his works in the presence of the intellectual community in his palace which he did with brilliance. He was then given the title "Kavi Kunjaram" and was appointed as the "Asthana Vidwan" in his court. He was thus respected by the royal court of Sivaganga and he continued to be in the court of the later Sivaganga king "Chatrapathi Bodaguru". He is known to have composed "Vengai kummi" to commemorate the hunting prowess of the king after he killed a 16-foot tiger.The king was so pleased that he presented him with a village called "Kottangachi yendal" and was accompanied by royal presents and traveled in a royal palanquin to his village

He was later invited by the king of Ramnad to his court and was appointed as Asthana Vidwan of Ramnad, too. To fulfil the royal desire he created a  collection called "Skaanda purana Kirtanai" on the mystery of lord Subramanya's avatar. He was about 55 by the time the book was released. He then lived a pious and respected life in his village. There are tales of him creating a "Venba" to provoke rainfall in his village and a prayer he composed to cure his buffalo. At the age of 86, he passed away surrounded by his loved ones and full of prayers and divine thoughts. Works
The collection of his compositions include, Azhahar Kuravanji in praise of Maliruncholamali Azhahar, Adaikkala malai, and Kayarkani malai in praise of Meenakshi Amman and Tiruvangaada Malai "in praise of Lord Venkatachalapathi."His other notable contribution is a collection called Perinbha kirthanaigal. A few works are available giving a glimpse of his beautiful compositions. Azhahar Kuravanji, itself was first released with full notations by his illustrious grandson Koteeswara Ayyar in 1916 along with the Skaanda puranam and Perinba kirtahanigal in three volumes. Koteeswara Ayyar is known for his compositions in the 72 Melakarta ragas. There is a small confusion between the two composers, as they have almost the same "mudrai". To avoid this confusion, <mask> <mask> Bharathi used "kavikunjaram" as his mudrai and Koteeswara ayyar's mudrai was "kavikunjara dasan". In fact, the first volume of the 36 suddha madyama melakartas by Shri Koteeswara ayyar—called "Kanda ganamudham" is dedicated to his maternal grandfather <mask> <mask> Bharathi.A more recent version of Azahar Kuravanji was released by K. Nagamani, the son of Koteeswara Ayyar. Here are some of his other famous compositions:

Elloraiyum Polave - Suddhasaveri
Ennadi Penne Unakku - Begada
Pithanavan - Anandbairavi
Singaravelanai - Danyasi
Sannidhi Kandu - Mohanam

The first song was the favourite of S.G. Kittappa and T.R. Mahalingam who have given disc recordings of it. Azhahar Kuravanji

Kuravanjis are dance-dramas in Tamil half way between Bhaagavatha Mela Naataka and rustic dance-dramas. The accent is on high entertainment value with the use of Rakti raagas and folk tunes. Rhythmic sol-fa passages and onomatopoeic phrases are used to enliven the pure dance passages. Azhahar Kuravanji is the story of the heroine falling in love with Maalazhagar.The first invocatory song in Kanada is in Sanskrit and here one can read the mudrai "Hitha kunjara bhanita" in the charanam. In fact, this first song itself shows that Kavikunjara Bhaarathi, a contemporary of Shri Tyaagaraaja, has adopted the classical division of the composition into pallavi, anupallavi and Charanam. A beautiful description of Maalazhagar surrounded by his devotees performing all services follows in the Saaranga raga song. The arrival of Mohanavalli along with her sakhis is portrayed in the Khamaas raaga composition. A few lines like the ones below makes one imagine the beautiful heroine playing ball with her friends

"Chandranenum vadanattil oli minna
Takatakajjanu takadari kitutajanu takadom enrani
Mohanavalli pandu aadinaal"

This song is followed by a classical kummi in Maanji raagam. An interesting phraseology can be seen in the 3rd charanam:

"Mohanavalli yamuda valliyadi,
Muthuvalli adiyadi chitravalli. Naagavalli pachundothihai valli, nava
Ratnavalli yaalnanda valli".Maalazhagar comes in procession and Mohanavalli immediately falls in love with him. The famous song "Ivanaro in Khamboji"
The astonished heroine says (in the first charanam):

"paadathiloru mangai pakkatiloru mangai,
Cheedattulavam poonda tirumaarbiloru mangai
Yedukkai anindano ivan daan en perumaano"

Mohanavalli is love-stricken and her mother is worried about her daughter's plight. This is depicted in the song in Kaapi:

"Malaiyum chempon olaiyum Varna
chelaiyum aniyaamal
Kaalaiyum andimaalaiyum ennam
Kalangi urakkam vilangiye miha endan
Mahal ennamo oru
Vahaiyaha irukkiraale"

Mohanavalli's Sakhi is then sent to Azhahar where she conveys the heroine's feelings in the beautiful song in Maanji "Mohanavalli minnal". The sakhi then consoles the heroine and asks her to be patient in the song in Kedaaragowla  "paavaiye sami varumun ittanai padattam tan unakkenadi". Mohanavalli then laments to the ocean about her love in the Chenchurutti song and she rebukes the moon on being cruel towards her in the song in Behag. Enters the Gypsy in the famous song in Begada "maalai Kuravanji Vandaale". The gypsy woman's beauty is described in the second charanam:

"Minnalennum idaiyaal – annamennum nadaiyaal
Menkai ilangiya kanganavosai
Kaleen kaleen enru kulunga nalangodu
Maalai Kuravanji Vandaale"

One can see the use of onomatopoeia to bring out the movement of the hands and the tinkling of bracelets.This is then followed by a fairly long passage describing the Gypsy tribe and their ways. There is a full description of the flora and fauna and it would be interesting to compare the current eco-system with the one described in this kuravanji. In the Bhairavi song the gypsy vaunts of her capacities as in these lines:

"kallinum naar iruppen – manalaiyum
Kayirena thirippen nalla
Vallamaiyayangai nelli-k- kaniyena
Chollum kurikondu velluven"

Mohanavalli requests the gypsy to read her palm lines and the gypsy then starts the rituals before undertaking this task. She finally predicts the heroine's future and assures her that her wishes will be fulfilled. The gypsy announces the arrival of Maalazhahar in the romantic Sahaana raaga song "Vandu cheruvar maane". The final marriage scene is described in the song in Mohanam. This is followed by a secondary folk theme on the marriage of the gypsy woman.The play ends with a mangalam in Sauraashtram. See also
List of Carnatic composers

Sources

 <mask> <mask> Bharthi, Madurakavi Bharathi padangal and Ramakavirayar padangal, pammal vijayaranga Mudaliyar, 1889, Madras
 Azhahar Kuravanji, K.Nagamani, Alliance Press, Chennai, 1963
 Kandaganamudam, N.Koteeswara Ayyar, The Madras law Journal press, Mylapore, 1932.
 http://www.indian-heritage.org/music/garlandk.htm

External links
 Carnatica.net

Carnatic composers
1810 births
1896 deaths
19th-century classical composers

masks:
Kavi Kunjara Bharati
Kavi
Kunjara
Kavi
Kunjara
Kavi
Kunjara


title: Maria Elise Turner Lauder

texts:
<mask> (pen name <mask>, also known as <mask>; 20 February 1833 – 1 June 1922) was a Canadian teacher, linguist, and author who travelled extensively in Europe. She published novels and poetry, but mostly was known for writing about her travels. Lauder was also a philanthropist, involved in the temperance movement. She was the author of My First Visit to England, 1865; In Europe, 1877; Evergreen Leaves: Being Notes from My Travel Book. Belford, 1877; Evergreen Leaves: Or, "Toofie" in Europe, 1884; Legends and Tales of the Harz Mountains, North Germany, 1885; and At Last, 1894. She also wrote song lyrics including, "Britain, We Stand by You", 1899; "The Last Night and its Vision", 1901; "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly", 1907; and "Alone - The Queen's Lament", 1908. Early life and education
<mask> (or, "Marie") <mask>f (or, "de Touffe") (nickname "Toofie"), was born in Saint-Armand, Quebec, Canada, on 20 February 1833.Lauder was of Norman and Huguenot descent, her ancestors having escaped from France to Germany at the time of the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Her father was Whitcomb Powers Toof (or Whitcombe de Touffe) (d. 1836), and her mother was Phoebe Harriet Perry (1807–1875), who descended from United Empire Loyalists family of Vermont. <mask>'s father died in 1836. Two years later, her mother married Rodolphus Fuller Grote (1809–1888). There were five half-siblings from this marriage: George Whitfield Grote (1843–1920), lawyer and poet who authored "Ode on the coronation of King Edward VII" (1901); Phoebe Agnes Robina (Grote) Copeland (1849–1932), poet; Gorham Whitcombe Grote, a doctor; John Wesley Grote (1845-1898), an insurance agent; and Lorenzo Perry Grote (1852–1869). Lauder studied in Oberlin College, Ohio, as women were not then admitted to the University of Toronto. She studied theology there for two years under Charles Grandison Finney, graduating with honours.Career

Lauder was a fair linguist, as she added a knowledge of Latin and Greek in addition to several modern languages, the latter of which she spoke fluently. After completing her education, she worked as a linguist, and taught at Whitby Ladies' College, in Whitby, Ontario. She married Abram <mask>, a teacher, in 1856 and they moved to Toronto where he studied law. He became a prominent barrister in that city, affiliating with the Conservative Party, and serving for several years as a member of the Ontario Legislature. During this time, she became a philanthropist and member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) movement. The Lauders had one child, the pianist, William Waugh <mask>, for whom she was the sole teacher until he was eleven years old in 1869. She became obliged to assume the entire direction of her child's musical education.For this, she travelled extensively, residing in Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy, and visiting many parts of Europe, accompanied by her husband and son. During her residence abroad, she formed the friendship of several musical celebrities and authors, and, armed with an introductory letter from the widely-known author and musical critic, Oscar Paul, of the Royal Conservatorium der Musik in Leipzig, she took William to Sachse-Weimar, where he studied with Franz Liszt. According to Pauline Pocknell, William was the only Canadian pupil of Liszt. At the invitation of Liszt, <mask> took William to perform in Rome. There, she was presented at the royal court to Umberto I and Queen Margherita, and was honoured with private audiences with the queen, and invitations, both in the Quirinal Palace and the Palace of Capodimonte in Naples. <mask> was also presented, with her son, at the papal court to Pope Leo XIII. Extensive travel was the inspiration for Lauder to publish various books, including My First Visit to England (1865) and In Europe (Toronto, 1877).Enthused after spending time in the Harz in summer, she collected material on local folk tales with the help of German novelist Gustav Freytag and wrote Legends and Tales of the Harz Mountains in Germany, published by Hodder & Stoughton. The 1881 work was dedicated to Queen Margherita, who presented <mask> with her royal autographed portrait. Of this book, The Westminster Review stated:

"Toofie" was <mask>'s pen name; she published many literary articles and poems using it, as well as a number of volumes of poetry. "Toofie" was also a fictional character in at least one of <mask>'s works. She wrote a tribute poem upon the death of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, as well as poems honoring Queen Victoria, King Edward, and King George. She also wrote lyrics for several songs, including "Britain, We Stand by You", "The Last Night and its Vision, "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly", music by Arthur Uvedale,  and "Alone - The Queen's Lament". Personal life
<mask> was an amateur musician.A Methodist in religious affiliation, she was a co-founder of the Metropolitan Methodist Church, a historic Neo-Gothic style building in downtown Toronto; it is one of the largest and most prominent churches of the United Church of Canada. She died in Toronto, on 1 June 1922 at age 89, after a brief illness. Selected works

Books

Song lyrics
 "Britain, We Stand by You", 1899. "Birdie's Reply : To a Wee Bird Trying to Fly", music by Arthur Uvedale, 1907. "Alone - The Queen's Lament", 1908. Notes

References

Citations

Attribution

Bibliography

External links

1833 births
1922 deaths
19th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
19th-century Canadian women writers
19th-century Methodists
20th-century Canadian poets
20th-century Canadian women writers
Canadian Methodists
Canadian people of Norman descent
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian travel writers
Canadian women non-fiction writers
Canadian lyricists
People from Saint-Armand, Quebec
Oberlin College alumni
Woman's Christian Temperance Union people
Women travel writers
Writers from Quebec
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century
20th-century Methodists

masks:
Maria Elise Turner Lauder
Toofie Lauder
Maria Elise Turner de Touffe Lauder
Maria
Elise Turner Too
Lauder
William Lauder
Lauder
Lauder
Lauder
Lauder
Lauder
Lauder
Lauder


title: François Périer

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 10 November 1919 – 29 June 2002), was a French actor renowned for his expressiveness and diversity of roles. He made over 110 film and TV appearances between 1938 and 1996, with notable excursion into the French avant-garde. He was also prominent in the theatre. Among his best-known parts was that of Hugo in the first production of Jean-Paul Sartre's Les Mains Sales in 1948. He was the narrator of the French-language version of Fantasia, and made several commercial audio recordings (with commentary) popularizing classical music in France. In 1957 he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor for his performance in the film Gervaise. Life

<mask> was born in Paris, France, on 10 November 1919.He had two daughters with his first wife, Jacqueline Porel: photographer Jean-Marie and journalist Anne-Marie. He died on 29 June 2002 in Paris of a heart attack during his sleep. His remains were interred at Passy Cemetery in Paris next to those of the stage and silent film actress Réjane (1856–1920), who was the grandmother of <mask>'s first wife.

masks:
François Périer
François Pillu
Périer
Périer