title: Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich of Russia

texts:
Prince <mask> of Russia ( – 18 June 1973) was a male line great-great-grandson of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and a nephew of King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. He was the last male member of the Romanov family born in Imperial Russia. He was a distant cousin and godson of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, as well as second cousin of both Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent. During the revolution his father and two uncles were imprisoned and later murdered along with other Romanov relatives in July 1918. In October 1918 his grandmother fled with the four-year-old Prince Vsevolod to Sweden where he was able be reunited with his mother, Princess Helen of Serbia. After a time in France and Belgrade they eventually settled in England. <mask>volod was educated at Eton and Oxford.He spent the rest of his life in exile in Great Britain. In 1939 he married Lady Mary Lygon of Madresfield Court. They were divorced in 1956. Prince Vsevolod married twice more, but had no children from any of his marriages. Early life

Prince <mask> <mask> was the eldest child of Prince John Constantinovich of Russia and Princess Helen of Serbia. He was born on 20 January 1914 at the Marble Palace in St Petersburg. In a manifesto issued the next day, Tsar Nicholas II decreed Vsevelod to be a Highness and a Prince of the Imperial Blood.On 25 January the Emperor, along with his wife Alexandra and his mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, attended the Prince's christening in service conducted in the chapel of the Marble Palace by the personal confessor of the imperial couple. Along with the boy's grandmother grand duchess Elizabeth Mavriekievna, Nicholas II was appointed one of his godparents. He spent his early years living with his parents in a suite of rooms in the northern wing of Pavlovsk During the First World War, Vsevelod's father, <mask> fought in the army and was decorated as a war hero, he was at the front when the Russian Revolution of 1917 started. Vsevelod's mother served as a nurse during the war, while Vsevelod and his sister Catherine were left in St. Petersburg under the care of their paternal grandmother. Revolution
During the chaotic rule of the Provisional Government, and after the October Revolution, <mask>d lived with his grandmother and some relatives, at Pavlovsk. When the Serbian diplomatic mission left Russia in 1918, they offered to take the family to Finland under Serbian protection. They refused.After the Bolsheviks took power, <mask>'s father and two of his uncles Constantine and Igor were sent to internal exile in the Urals. They were killed at Alapaevsk, along with other Romanov relatives, in July 1918. Vsevolod's mother, who had followed her husband, spent many months imprisoned narrowly escaping being killed herself. Prince Vsevolod and his sister were safe under the care of their grandmother in the Marble Place. As time went on, their circumstances became increasingly difficult as the palace and its contents were requisitioned. Their grandmother was forced to secretly sell family heirlooms to provide for the family. They were finally able to escape revolutionary Russia with the help of Swedish diplomats, at the invitation of Queen Victoria of Sweden.In October 1918, the small family group consisting of, four-year-old Vsevolod, his sister Catherine, their paternal grandmother, his uncle George, his aunt Vera, Miss Irwin (the children's Irish nanny) and three attendants were permitted by the Bolsheviks to leave Russia. They traveled first to Tallinn in Estonia, from there they crossed the Baltic to Finland. In Helsinki they boarded the Swedish vessel Ångermanland and traveled via Mariehamn to Stockholm. At Stockholm harbor, they met Prince Gustaf Adolf, who took them to the royal palace. Exile

After spending sometime recuperating in Stockholm royal palace, they moved to a small spa town in Sweden. There, in 1919,
Vsevolod was reunited with his mother. They moved to Paris and eventually went to live in Belgrade with his maternal grandfather King Peter I of Serbia.After his death in 1921, <mask>'s uncle King Alexander bought a Villa at Cap Ferrat in the south of France for <mask>, his mother and his sister. They eventually settled in England. <mask>lod was educated at Eton and Oxford. He boxed and ran for both Eton and Oxford and was described by a friend as "having a great heart". In October 1933 Vsevolod was operated on for appendicitis in a London nursing home. During the following year, Prince Vsevolod, who was in his early twenties, appeared frequently in social circles. He visited Queen Mary in July 1936, attended the christening of <mask> Emmanuel of Italy in June 1937 and presided the Russian Charities ball that December.As Mr Romanof, he ran a business in North London selling lubricants. The prince and Lady Mary

<mask>'s engagement to Lady Mary Lygon was announced on 1 February 1939. The civil marriage took place on 31 May 1939, in Chelsea register office in the presence of two of the bride's sisters, two witnesses and a Russian priest. The religious service was the following day in the Russian Orthodox Church, Buckingham Palace Road. Grand Duke Vladimimir Kirilovich, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich and Prince Dmitri of Russia were among the groomsmen. Lady Mary became Princess Romanovsky-Pavlovsky, the title granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirilovich at Vsevolod's request. The couple set up home in a large house in Lenox Gardens.<mask>d worked at Saccone & Speed Wine Merchants in Sackville Street, London. At the outbreak of World War II in September, the Prince volunteered to serve at night as an Air raid precaution Warden. His duties included ensuring that the blackout was observed, sounding air raid sirens, evacuating areas around unexploded bombs, helping casualties from bomb damage and finding accommodation for people whose homes were destroyed. His wife ran the Princess Pavlovsky's Unit, a Red Cross Unit with one ambulance. In 1940 the couple moved to a small house in Montpelier Walk, South Kensington. They lived in style, in spite of the war time restrictions, giving cocktail and dinner parties often for Serbian diplomats. <mask> was made a major in the Serbian army around this time.In August 1942, Evelyn Waugh moved in with the couple, staying in their small cottage between army duties. Waugh was a close friend of Lady Mary and her siblings since 1930. It has been said that Madresfield Court, the ancestral home of the Lygon family was the inspiration for Evelyn Waugh's Brideshead and that the Flytes were based on them. Waugh spent Christmas 1943 with <mask> and his wife. The famous author did not have much love for the Prince, resenting having been forced to share his friend with him. Waugh confided in his diary: "I find my dislike of Vsevolod so overwhelming that I cannot sit in the room with him. Mamie [Mary] is lost to me".He thought the prince's existence, with no wine left to sell, was pointless. After the war Prince Vsevolod and his wife moved to a Palladian style house in North Terrace, Kensington: Alexander house was situated at the end of a cul de sac off the Brompton Road. With no children of their own, they were devoted to their Pekingese dogs. Vsevolod also stood as godfather to George, son of <mask> and Princess George Galitzine in May 1947; and to Victoria, daughter of <mask> and Princess Frederick of Prussia, in May 1952. In the following years their marriage began to unravel. Both were heavy drinkers and Lady Mary descended into a depressive alcoholic haze. Soon the couple were hurling pots of hot tea at each other.Mary's friends claimed that the prince had spent all her money. By 1952 the couple were broke, living in the same apartments but not speaking. The following year they moved to a flat in Hove, Sussex. Mary resorted to pawning her jewelry. Her eldest brother (now Lord Beauchamp) and sister Lady Lettice suggested that the couple moved alternatively between them, an offer they declined. Soon after Christmas 1953, <mask> left the marital home. During 1954, Mary's mental health declined.The couple was granted a divorce in February 1956 on the grounds of Prince Vsevolod's adultery. Last years
In March 1956 at Marylebone register office, Prince Vsevolod quietly married his mistress, Hungarian noblewoman Emilia de Gosztonyi (Budapest 19 April 1914 – Monte Carlo 9 July 1993), daughter of Eugen de Gosztonyi and Ethel Jolán Törö de Thury. Emilie was previously married to Count Sigismund von Berchtold zu Ungarschütz (1900-1979), son of Count Leopold Berchtold, who was divorced from Etti Plesch. As a daughter of a minor Hungarian nobleman, Emilia was granted the title of Princess Romanovsky by Grand Duke Vladimir. Short of money, in March 1957, the prince sold some old masters at Christie's, among them a portrait of Emperor Paul, Grand Duke Konstantin and Emperor Alexander I. After five years, <mask>'s second marriage ended in divorce in February 1961. There were no children from this union.In London on 8 June 1961, Vsevolod married again, this time to Valli Knust (b. London 4 April 1930, d. Sherborne, Dorset 10 July 2012), a woman sixteen years his junior. She was created Princess Romanovsky Knust; their marriage was very happy, but they had no children. In January 1966 Prince Vsevolod was appointed personal assistant to the Chairman and chief Executive of United Guarantee, holdings. In June 1970 Vsevolod underwent an operation in London, the beginning of a long painful battle with cancer. He died in London on 18 June 1973. His funeral services took place a week later at the Russian Orthodox church in Kensington. Among those present were <mask> and Princess Paul of Yugoslavia and <mask> and Princess Vassili of Russia.With <mask>'s death, the male line of the Constantinovich branch of the Romanov family died out. Ancestry

Notes

Bibliography
Hall, Coryne. Lady Mary and the 'Pauper Prince'''. Royalty Digest Quarterly. N4 2009. King, Greg, and Penny Wilson. Gilded Prism.Eurohistory, 2006. Zeepvat, Charlotte, The Camera and the Tsars'', Sutton Publishing, 2004, . 1914 births
1973 deaths
Princes of royal blood (Russia)
Yugoslav emigrants to the United Kingdom
White Russian emigrants to Sweden
Swedish emigrants to France
French emigrants to Yugoslavia
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Russian people of Serbian descent

masks:
Vsevolod Ivanovich
Prince Vse
Vsevolod
Ivanovich
Prince Ivan
Prince Vselo
Vsevolod
Vsevolod
Vsevolod
Prince Vsevo
Prince Victor
Prince Vsed
Prince Vselo
Prince Vselod
Prince Vsevod
Prince
Prince
Vsevolod
Prince Vsevolod
Prince
Prince
Prince Vselod


title: Nicholas I of Montenegro

type: original

texts:
<mask> (;  – 1 March 1921) was the ruler of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918. Biography

Early life
Nikola was born in the village of Njeguši, the home of the reigning House of Petrović. His father, Mirko Petrović-Njegoš, a celebrated Montenegrin warrior, was elder brother to Danilo I of Montenegro, who left no male offspring. After 1696, when the dignity of vladika, or prince-bishop, became hereditary in the Petrović family, the sovereign power had descended from uncle to nephew, the vladikas belonging to the order of the black clergy (i.e., monastic clergy) who are forbidden to marry. A change was introduced by <mask>, who declined the episcopal office, married and declared the principality hereditary in the direct male line. Mirko Petrović-Njegoš having renounced his claim to the throne, his son was nominated heir-presumptive, and the old system of succession was thus incidentally continued. Prince Nikola, who had been trained from infancy in martial and athletic exercises, spent a portion of his early boyhood in Trieste at the household of the Kustic family, to which his aunt, the princess Darinka, wife of Danilo II, belonged.The princess was an ardent francophile, and at her suggestion, the young heir-presumptive of the vladikas was sent to the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. Unlike his contemporary, King Milan of Serbia, Prince Nikola was little influenced in his tastes and habits by his Parisian education; the young highlander, whose keen patriotism, capability for leadership and poetic talents early displayed themselves, showed no inclination for the pleasures of the French capital, and eagerly looked forward to returning to his native land. Nikola was a member of the "United Serbian Youth" (Уједињена омладина српска) during its existence (1866–1871). After the organization was prohibited in the Principality of Serbia and Austro-Hungary, the "Association for Serb Liberation and Unification" (Дружина за ослобођење и уједињење српско) was established by Nikola, Marko Popović, Simo Popović, Mašo Vrbica, Vasa Pelagić, and more, in Cetinje (1871). <mask> of Montenegro was also reflected in literature. His most significant works are the Serb patriotic song "Onamo, 'namo!" (There, over there!), and the drama "Empress of the Balkan". Prince of Montenegro

While still in Paris, Nikola succeeded his assassinated uncle Danilo I as prince (13 August 1860). At age 19, in Cetinje, on 8 November 1860, he married Milena, 13 years old, daughter of a Vojvoda named Petar Vukotić and wife Jelena Vojvodić. In the period of peace which followed Nikola carried out a series of military, administrative and educational reforms. The country was embroiled in a series of wars with the Ottoman Empire between 1862 and 1878. In 1867 he met the emperor <mask> at Paris, and in 1868 he undertook a journey to Russia, where he received an affectionate welcome from the tsar, <mask>. He afterwards visited the courts of Berlin and Vienna.His efforts to enlist the sympathies of the Russian imperial family produced important results for Montenegro; considerable subsidies were granted by the tsar and tsaritsa for educational and other purposes, and supplies of arms and ammunition were sent to Cetinje. In 1871 Prince Dolgorukov arrived at Montenegro on a special mission from the tsar, and distributed large sums of money among the people. In 1869 Prince Nikola, whose authority was now firmly established, succeeded in preventing the impetuous highlanders from aiding the Krivosians in their revolt against the Austrian government; similarly in 1897 he checked the martial excitement caused by the outbreak of the Greco-Turkish War. In 1876 Nikola declared war against Turkey; his military reputation was enhanced by the ensuing campaign, and still more by  that of 1877/78, during which he captured Nikšić, Bar and Ulcinj. The war resulted in a considerable extension of the Montenegrin frontier and the acquisition of a seaboard on the Adriatic. Nikola justified the war as a revenge for the Battle of Kosovo (1389). In 1876 he sent a message to the Montenegrins in Herzegovina:
Under Murad I the Serbian Empire was destroyed, under Murad V it has to rise again.This is my wish and wish of all of us as well as the wish of almighty God. The Congress of Berlin in 1878 recognised the independence of Montenegro, and in the succeeding decades Montenegro enjoyed considerable prosperity and stability. Education, communications and the army expanded greatly (the latter with support from Imperial Russia). In 1883 Prince Nikola visited the sultan, with whom he subsequently maintained the most cordial relations; in 1896 he celebrated the bicentenary of the Petrović dynasty, and in the same year he attended the coronation of <mask> II; in May 1898 he visited Queen Victoria at Windsor Castle. King of Montenegro

In 1900 Nikola took the style of Royal Highness. According to Bolati, the Montenegrin court was not grieving that much over the murder of King Alexander Obrenović, as they saw him as an enemy of Montenegro and obstacle to the unification of Serb Lands. "Although it wasn't said openly, it was thought that the Petrović dynasty would achieve [the unification].All procedures of King Nikola shows that he himself believed that". He gave Montenegro its first constitution in 1905 following pressure from a population eager for more freedom. He also introduced west-European style press freedom and criminal law codes. In 1906, he introduced Montenegrin currency, the perper. On 28 August 1910, during the celebration of his jubilee, he assumed the title of king, in accordance with a petition from the Skupština. He was at the same time gazetted field-marshal in the Russian army, an honor never previously conferred on any foreigner except the Duke of Wellington. When the Balkan Wars broke out in 1912 King Nikola was one of the most enthusiastic of the allies.He wanted to drive the Ottomans completely out of Europe. He defied the Concert of Europe and captured Scutari despite the fact that they blockaded the whole coast of Montenegro. Again in the Great War which began in 1914 he was the first to go to Serbia's aid to repel the Austro-Hungarian Empire forces from the Balkan Peninsula. In January 1916, after the defeat of Serbia, Montenegro was also conquered by Austria-Hungary, and the King fled to Italy and then to France. The government transferred its operations to Bordeaux. After the end of the First World War, a meeting in Podgorica voted to depose Nikola and annex Montenegro to Serbia. A few months later, Serbia (including Montenegro) merged with the former South Slav territories of Austria-Hungary to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929.Nikola went into exile in France in 1918, but continued to claim the throne until his death in Antibes three years later. He was buried in Italy. In 1989, the remains of Nikola, his queen Milena, and two of their twelve children were re-buried in Montenegro. Children

Five of his daughters were married, each to princes and kings, giving Nikola the nickname "the father-in-law of Europe", a sobriquet he shared with the contemporary King of Denmark. Princess Zorka of Montenegro (23 December 1864 – 28 March 1890) she married the then Prince Peter Karađorđević, later King <mask> of Serbia, on 1 August 1883. They had five children. Princess Milica of Montenegro (26 July 1866 – 5 September 1951) she married Grand Duke Peter Nicolaievich of Russia on 26 July 1889.They had four children. Princess Anastasia of Montenegro (4 January 1868 – 15 November 1935) she married George, Duke of Leuchtenberg on 16 April 1889 and they were divorced on 15 November 1906. They had two children. She remarried Grand Duke <mask> of Russia on 29 April 1907. Princess Marija of Montenegro (29 March 1869 – 7 May 1885) died at the age of sixteen in St. Petersburg, Russia. Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro (29 June 1871 – 24 September 1939) he married Duchess Jutta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz on 15 July 1899. They had no children.Princess Elena of Montenegro (8 January 1873 – 28 November 1952) she married the then Crown Prince Victor Emmanuel, later King Victor Emmanuel <mask> of Italy, on 24 October 1896. They had five children. Princess Anna of Montenegro (18 August 1874 – 22 April 1971) she married Prince Franz Joseph of Battenberg, son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Julia, Princess of Battenberg, on 18 May 1897. They had no children. Princess <mask> of Montenegro (2 May 1876 – 14 June 1876)
 Prince Mirko of Montenegro (17 April 1879 – 2 March 1918) he married Natalija Konstantinović, descendant of Obrenović royal family and second cousin of King <mask> of Serbia on 25 July 1902. They had five sons. Princess Xenia of Montenegro (22 April 1881 – 10 March 1960);
 Princess Vjera of Montenegro (22 February 1887 – 31 October 1927)
 Prince Peter of Montenegro (10 October 1889 – 7 May 1932) he married Violet Emily Wegner, widowed Countess Brunetta d'Usseaux on 29 April 1924.The present pretender to the throne is King Nikola's great-grandson Prince Nikola, Prince Michael's son. Honours
Montenegrin
 Founder and Grand Master of the Order of Saint Peter of Cetinje, 1870

Foreign

In popular culture
 King Nikola and the Kingdom of Montenegro are remembered briefly in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, where its eponymous main character reminisces on how for his accomplishments and heroic endeavors during the First World War the King confers unto him the highest honor of the Kingdom, the Orderi di Danilo. Gatsby duly presents the medal for his guest to examine which reads on the legend Montenegro, Nicolas Rex and on its reverse: Major Jay Gatsby - For Valour Extraordinary. The character of the King in Maurice Chevalier's movie The Merry Widow (1934) is based on <mask>. Gallery

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

 (in Croatian)

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1841 births
1921 deaths
People from Cetinje
People of the Principality of Montenegro
People of the Kingdom of Montenegro
Serbs of Montenegro
Rulers of Montenegro
19th-century Montenegrin people
20th-century Montenegrin people
Founding monarchs
Petrović-Njegoš dynasty
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Pretenders to the Montenegrin throne
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
Field marshals of Russia
People of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Montenegrin poets
Serbian nationalists
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo
Grand Crosses of the Order of St. Sava
2
2
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second Degree
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Burials at Serbian Orthodox monasteries and churches
Burials in Montenegro

masks:
Nikola I Petrović Ngoš
Danilo I
Nicholas I
Napoleon III
Alexander II
Nicholas
Peter I
Nicholas Nicolaevich
III
Sofia
Alexander I
Nicholas


title: Li Zhongyan

texts:
<mask> (李仲言) (died December 16, 835), known as <mask> (李訓) in 835, courtesy name initially Zixun (子訓), later Zichui (子垂), pseudonym Hermit Wang (王山人) during the mourning period for his mother, was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. He became a trusted advisor to Emperor Wenzong and plotted with Emperor Wenzong to end the hold the powerful eunuchs had on power by slaughtering the eunuchs, but when the effort failed (in an event later known as the Ganlu Incident), <mask> and his associates were slaughtered. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born. According to his biographies in the official histories of Tang Dynasty, the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, he was from the same branch of the <mask> family — the "Guzang Branch" (姑臧房) — as the chancellors <mask> and <mask>ji, and was two generations below <mask> and one generation below <mask>ji, although the family tree for the Greater Guzang Branch in the New Book of Tang did not mention <mask> or any of his male-line ancestors. It was said that <mask> was tall, handsome, charismatic, well-spoken, dexterous, and good at reading people's emotions. He passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi (進士) class; thereafter, he served as an assistant teacher at the imperial university, before serving at as a staff member to the military governor (Jiedushi) of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern Jiaozuo, Henan). Early involvement in politics
During Emperor Jingzong's reign (824-827), <mask> served as chancellor.<mask> became a close associate of <mask>'s, and it was said that shortly after Emperor Jingzong took the throne, <mask>, along with <mask>'s other associates <mask> (李虞) and Zhang Youxin (張又新), participated in manufacturing false evidence against a political enemy of <mask>'s, the imperial scholar <mask>. As a result of <mask>'s accusations against <mask> — that when Emperor Jingzong's father Emperor Muzong died, <mask> was intending to support Emperor Muzong's brother <mask> (李悰) the Prince of Shen — <mask> was exiled. Subsequently, <mask>, Zhang, <mask> (李續之), <mask>, <mask> (劉栖楚), Jiang Qia (姜洽), Zhang Quanyu (張權輿), and Cheng Xifan (程昔范), became known as <mask>'s "Eight Gates" — i.e., people who wanted to see <mask> had to go through them. In 825, the official Wu Zhao (武昭), displeased that he was not given a position with authority and believing that <mask> was the one who prevented his commission, stated to his friend Mao Hui (茅彙), when he was drunk, that he wanted to kill <mask>. This declaration was reported to the authorities, and Wu and Mao were arrested. During the investigations, <mask> tried to induce Mao to implicate the chancellor <mask>, who was not on good terms with <mask>. Mao refused to implicate <mask>, and reported <mask>'s inducement to the investigating officials.As a result of the investigations, Wu was executed by caning, while Mao, <mask>, and <mask>'s relative <mask> (李仍叔) (who had told Wu that <mask> was refusing to give him a commission), were executed — in <mask>'s case, to Xiang Prefecture (象州, in modern Laibin, Guangxi). After Emperor Jingzong died around the new year 827 and was succeeded by his brother Emperor Wenzong, a general pardon was declared, and <mask> was allowed to return from exile. Later, when his mother died, he stayed at the eastern capital Luoyang to observe a mourning period. Association with Emperor Wenzong
At some point, <mask>, who wanted to be chancellor again, consulted <mask>. <mask> claimed to be friendly to the powerful eunuch Wang Shoucheng's close associate Zheng Zhu, and so <mask> gave <mask> a large amount of money to bribe Zheng. Zheng thereafter introduced <mask> to Wang, who in turn introduced <mask> to Emperor Wenzong and informed Emperor Wenzong that <mask> knew the I Ching well. As <mask> was then still supposed to be observing the mourning period for his mother, he could not enter the palace in mourning clothes, so he took on a Taoist monk's robe and took the name of Hermit Wang.It was said that Emperor Wenzong was impressed by <mask>'s appearance, charisma, and ability to speak, and he treated <mask> well. By fall 834, <mask>'s mourning period was over. Emperor Wenzong wanted to make him an imperial scholar, but this was vehemently opposed by the chancellor <mask>, who pointed to <mask>'s past, causing Emperor Wenzong to be displeased. <mask>'s fellow chancellor Wang Ya, who initially agreed with <mask>, seeing Emperor Wenzong's displeasure, changed his mind and no longer opposed <mask>'s commission — and, indeed, when Emperor Wenzong subsequently changed <mask>'s commission to be one for an assistant teacher at the imperial university (a lower post, probably to placate <mask>) and advisory officials Zheng Su (鄭肅) and Han Ci (韓佽) sealed the edict and were set to return the edict to him for reconsideration, as was their prerogative, Wang persuaded them not to do so. Subsequently, because Wang, <mask>, and Zheng Zhu all resented <mask>, they had <mask>'s political enemy, the former chancellor <mask>, recalled from his post as military governor of Shannan West Circuit (山南西道, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi), to the capital Chang'an to again serve as chancellor. Soon thereafter, <mask> was removed from his chancellor position and sent out to be the military governor of Shannan West. On the same day, <mask> was made an assistant imperial scholar, over the objections of a number of advisory officials, including Zheng Su and Han.In winter 834, <mask> changed his name to <mask>n. Meanwhile, while Emperor Wenzong appeared to be outwardly respectful to Wang and other eunuchs who helped him take the throne, he was in fact resentful of their hold on power. Zheng and <mask>n figured out what the emperor was thinking, and thereafter began to plot with Emperor Wenzong on eliminating the powerful eunuchs — and Emperor Wenzong associated with them because he felt that they, as officials recommended by Wang, would not draw suspicions from the eunuchs. It was under their suggestion that, in spring 835, Emperor Wenzong partially diverted Wang's power by giving the command of one of the eunuch-controlled Shence Armies to Wang's rival Qiu Shiliang. There was, at the time, a rumor spread in Chang'an that Zheng Zhu was making immortality pills for Emperor Wenzong, and that the pills required infant hearts and livers as ingredients, causing much panic among the people. Zheng accused family members of the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆, i.e., the Chang'an region) Yang Yuqing (楊虞卿) of spreading the rumors, and Emperor Wenzong, incensed, arrested Yang. When <mask>, who had previously refused to give Zheng an office he wanted, tried to intercede on Yang's behalf, Emperor Wenzong ordered <mask> to leave his presence, and soon had him exiled.It was said that <mask>n and Zheng drafted a master plan for reforming the state that had details and which impressed Emperor Wenzong, which called first for eliminating the eunuchs, then for recovery of the territory lost to Tufan, and then for destruction of the warlords north of the Yellow River. It was said that they became so powerful that they were carrying out reprisals against anyone they disliked — and that those persons were accused to be partisans of <mask> or <mask>min, and as Emperor Wenzong disfavored <mask>'s and <mask>min's factionalism, those accused of being associates were easily chased out of government. In summer 835, <mask>n took on the additional post as Bingbu Langzhong (兵部郎中), a supervisory official at the ministry of defense (兵部, Bingbu) and also became responsible for drafting imperial edicts, while also remaining as assistant imperial scholar. It had long been rumored that the death of Emperor Wenzong's grandfather Emperor Xianzong was at the hands of the eunuch Chen Hongzhi (陳弘志), who was, by this point, serving as the eunuch monitor of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangfan, Hubei). Under <mask>n's advice, Emperor Wenzong recalled Chen from Shannan East, and when Chen reached Qingni Station (青泥驛, in modern Xi'an, Shaanxi), Emperor Wenzong had a cane sent to Qingni and ordered that Chen be caned to death. Thereafter, under the plan by <mask>n and Zheng, Emperor Wenzong was set to commission Zheng as the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), so that he could gather forces to use in a plot against the eunuchs. The chancellor <mask> opposed, and Emperor Wenzong reacted by simultaneously commissioning <mask> as the military governor of Shannan West and Zheng as the military governor of Fengxiang.<mask>n, however, was himself jealous of Zheng at this point, and so actually secretly planned to eliminate Zheng after the plot against the eunuchs would succeed. As a result, when selecting a staff for Zheng, he selected officials who were considered mild in their disposition, rather than those considered to be able. Shortly after Zheng's commission, <mask> and Shu Yuanyu (who investigated Yang Yuqing) were named chancellors with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事). Meanwhile, at <mask>'s and Zheng's advice, Emperor Wenzong gave Wang Shoucheng the honorific title of monitor of the Shence Armies and stripped him of military command. Ganlu Incident and death

In winter 835, at <mask>n's and Zheng Zhu's advice, Emperor Wenzong sent poisoned wine to Wang Shoucheng to poison him to death. Wang Shoucheng's death was a part of further planning by Emperor Wenzong, <mask>n, and Zheng — the plan was that when Wang was set to be buried on December 20, 835, Zheng, who claimed that he was grateful to Wang, would take his personal guards, who were armed with sharp axes, with him to attend the funeral. At the funeral, the guards would then surround the eunuchs and slaughter them.However, <mask>n discussed the plan with his associates, and he concluded that if that were to happen, Zheng would receive all of the credit, and therefore he resolved to act before Zheng would, planning to kill Zheng as well after he succeeded. To that end, <mask>n had Guo Xingyu (郭行餘) made the military governor of Binning Circuit (邠寧, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi); Wang Fan (王璠) made the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi); Luo <mask> (羅立言) made the acting mayor of Jingzhao; and Han Yue (韓約) made a general of the imperial guards; he had the four of them gather troops to be ready to act against the eunuchs. It was said that only <mask>n, Guo, Wang Fan, Luo, Han, <mask> (李孝本) the deputy chief imperial censor, and Shu were aware of <mask>n's plans. On December 14, <mask>n acted. six days before the scheduled funeral for Wang, Han reported to Emperor Wenzong, at the imperial meeting hall Zichen Hall (紫宸殿), that there had been sweet dew (甘露, ganlu in Chinese) that appeared on a pomegranate tree outside the headquarters of Zuo Jinwu (左金吾), one of the Wei Army (衛軍) headquarters — viewed as a sign of divine favor. Emperor Wenzong then went to nearby Hanyuan Hall (含元殿) and ordered the imperial officials, including <mask>n, to examine the purported sweet dew. <mask>n soon returned and stated that it appeared that there was no sweet dew; at <mask>n's suggestion, Emperor Wenzong ordered Qiu and his fellow Shence Army commander Yu Hongzhi (魚弘志) to lead the eunuchs in examining the sweet dew.When Qiu and Yu arrived at the Zuo Jinwu headquarters, however, Han had lost his composure, and Qiu realized that something was wrong when he saw soldiers converging and the noise of weapons clanging. He and the other eunuchs immediately ran back to Hanyuan Hall and seized Emperor Wenzong. <mask>n tried to grab onto Emperor Wenzong's litter to stop the eunuchs from taking Emperor Wenzong back to the palace, and the soldiers under Luo and <mask>ben battled the eunuchs, killing a number of them, but the eunuchs were able to escort Emperor Wenzong back to the imperial palace. Knowing that he had lost this gambit, <mask>n put on the green uniform of chancellors' attendants and fled. <mask>n fled to the Zhongnan Mountain (終南山) to try to seek refuge with the Buddhist monk Zongmi, with whom he was friendly. Zongmi wanted to give <mask>n a tonsure and disguise him as a monk, but Zongmi's followers urged him not to accept <mask>n. <mask>n thus exited Zhongnan Mountain and tried to flee to Fengxiang.He was, however, intercepted on the way by the defender of Zhouzhi (盩厔, in modern Xi'an), Song Chu (宋楚), who arrested him and had him delivered to Chang'an. When <mask>'s escort reached Kunming Pond (昆明池), <mask>n, fearful that the eunuchs would torture and humiliate him, told the officer escorting him:

The officer agreed and cut off his head to deliver it to Chang'an. Subsequently, at the grand public executions for Wang Ya, Wang Fan, Luo, Guo, Jia Su, Shu, and <mask>, <mask>n's head was raised by the Left Shence Army soldiers escorting Wang Ya, Wang Fan, Luo, and Guo. <mask>n's brother <mask>ǐng (李仲景) and cousin <mask>o (李元臯) were also killed, as were the rest of <mask>n's household. The bodies of <mask>n's household were exposed to the elements. It was only after a new year had passed that Emperor Wenzong ordered the Jingzhao Municipal Government to have the bodies buried in two mass graves. It was said that after <mask>'s death, Emperor Wenzong missed him greatly, and often complimented his abilities to the subsequent chancellors <mask> and Zheng Tan.<mask>n's elder brother <mask>īng (李仲京, note different note than his brother above) fled to <mask>jian the reigning Military Governor of Zhaoyi. When <mask>'s nephew and successor <mask> fell, <mask>īng was also killed. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 169. New Book of Tang, vol. 179. Zizhi Tongjian, vols.243, 245. 835 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Wenzong of Tang
Tang dynasty Taoists
Executed Tang dynasty people
People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation
9th-century executions by the Tang dynasty
Year of birth unknown

masks:
Li Zhongyan
Li Xun
Li Xun
Li Zhongyan
Li
Li Kui
Li Feng
Li Kui
Li Feng
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Fengji
Li Yu
Li Fengji
Li Shen
Li Fengji
Li Shen
Li Shen
Li Cong
Li Shen
Li Zhongyan
Li Xuzhi
Li Yu
Liu Qichu
Li Fengji
Li Fengji
Li Fengji
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Cheng
Li Fengji
Li Cheng
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Cheng
Li Rengshu
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Fengji
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Deyu
Li Zhongyan
Li Deyu
Li Deyu
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Deyu
Li Zhongyan
Li Deyu
Li Deyu
Li Zongmin
Li Deyu
Li Zhongyan
Li Zhongyan
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Zongmin
Li Zongmin
Li Xu
Li Deyu
Li Zong
Li Deyu
Li Zong
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Guyan
Li Guyan
Li Xu
Li Xun
Li Xun
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Liyan
Li Xu
Li Xiaoben
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xiao
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xun
Li Xu
Li Xiaoben
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Zhongj
Li Yuanga
Li Xu
Li Xu
Li Xun
Li Shi
Li Xu
Li Zhongj
Liu Cong
Liu
Liu Zhen
Li Zhongj


title: Gerry Lindgren

texts:
Gerald "<mask><mask> (born March 9, 1946) is an American track and field runner who set many long-standing high school and national records in the United States. In 1965, <mask> and Billy Mills both broke the world record for the six-mile run when they finished in an extremely rare tie at the AAU National Championships, both running exactly 27:11.6. <mask> went on to win a record 11 NCAA collegiate championships with Washington State University. Running career

High school
In 1964, in his senior year at Rogers High School, <mask> ran 5000 meters in 13 minutes and 44 seconds flat, on a clay track in Compton, CA setting a U.S. high school record for the distance that would remain unbroken for 40 years, until Galen Rupp ran 13:37.91 on July 30, 2004. Among his other records he established that year was his time of 8:40.0 in an indoor  race that shattered the previous U.S. national high school mark by an incredible 43 seconds; it was the fastest high school  time ever run indoors until February 16, 2013, when Edward Cheserek ran 8:39.15 at the Millrose Games. Lindgren was coached by Tracy Walters in high school, where Walters was responsible for inspiring <mask> to the heights he reached. In the summer following high school graduation and his historic 13:44 5k, Lindgren ran 200 miles a week for 6 weeks in preparation for the US-USSR meet.After that victory, he also set a new teenage record of 13:17.0 for 3 miles while competing in Jamaica, a meet where he ran his mile best of 4:01.5 as well, both on a dirt track. On July 25, 1964, <mask> outran two seasoned Soviet runners, Leonid Ivanov and Anatoly Dutov to win the 10,000 m event in the US-USSR Track Meet in Los Angeles. The event heralded great success for American distance runners in 1964. The ensuing 12 months brought forth 2 gold medals by Americans, in both the 5,000 and 10,000 m events in Tokyo, as well as World Records in the 2-mile, 6-mile and indoor mile. <mask> was Track and Field News "High School Athlete of the Year" in 1964, and won the 10,000 meter race at the 1964 Olympic Trials. The Summer Olympics and After

In the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, he finished ninth in the 10,000 m behind gold medalist Billy Mills after having sprained an ankle during training. Four years later, <mask> tried to make the 1968 Olympic team but finished 5th in the 10,000 m and 4th in the 5,000 m in the Olympic Trials at Echo Summit, just missing the team at both distances.In his training just after college, he was said to have averaged 240 miles per week for one year, including allegedly running a 380-mile week. <mask> also competed against Mills in the 1965 AAU Nationals meet, where they raced the . Mills won with a diving lean, while both were timed in 27:11.6, a new world record shared by Mills and <mask>. The mark was also superior to the then world record for 10,000 m of 28:15 held by Ron Clarke. T&F News converted their mark to 28:10. But perhaps <mask>'s greatest race came during a May 1966 NCAA Regional meet at age 20, in the 3-mile run on a dirt track during a cold, windy day in Seattle. He raced to 12:53.0, just missing the world record of 12:52.4 held by Ron Clarke.Both times were superior to the then world record in the 5,000 m of 13:24. T&F News converted his time to 13:21. Collegiate and retirement
<mask> attended Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, where he majored in political science and minored in Russian language. While at Washington State, <mask> won 11 NCAA Championships. (His only loss at an NCAA championship was to Jim Ryun in the 1968 indoor  race.) He was one of only two people to ever defeat Steve Prefontaine in an NCAA Championship. (<mask> won the 1969 NCAA Cross Country Championship in which 1968 NCAA champion Mike Ryan finished second and Prefontaine third.)He competed sporadically after graduating from college but without any notable success. Since 1980, <mask> has lived in Honolulu, Hawaii. He continues to run regularly, active in the Hawaii running community. He coached the University of Hawaii's women's track and field team 2005–2007. He claims that "Karma comes from serving other people instead of serving yourself. I found that if I could serve others people without them knowing about it I could grow Karma faster," and that this would lead to success on the track. Notes
 <mask>'s 6-mile personal record and his 10,000 meter personal record vary to a much larger degree than the lengthwise difference between the two distances (the 10,000 meters is 0.2 miles longer than 6 miles) would indicate.His 6-mile best time of 27:11 would hypothetically convert to just above 28 minutes for 10,000 meters if he continued at a similar pace for an extra 321 meters. However, he never ran faster than 28:40 in the 10,000m, as the 10,000m was not raced as often in the United States as the 6-mile was during the time <mask> competed. Similar circumstances surround his 3-mile and 5000m pr differences. References

External links

Notes on <mask>
Top Ten List of American High School Boys Track Performances
Cougar Best Performances

1946 births
Living people
American male long-distance runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic track and field athletes of the United States
Sportspeople from Spokane, Washington
American masters athletes

masks:
Gerry
" Paul Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Gerry
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren
Lindgren


title: Samuel Archer King

texts:
<mask> (9 April 1828 in Tinicum Township, Pennsylvania – 3 November 1914 in Philadelphia) was a ballooning pioneer in the United States. Early interest
When a boy, he was fond of climbing to the greatest heights possible, to satisfy his passion for viewing extended landscapes. Soon after attaining his majority, he constructed a balloon. His first ascension was made on 25 September 1851 from Philadelphia. In consequence of a scant supply of gas, it proved only a partial success, and he received rough treatment in the tree tops and in being dragged up the Schuylkill River and over the dam. A second attempt produced a successful voyage across Philadelphia, far into New Jersey. Ascension experiences
He then made numerous expeditions from various places in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.In 1855 he made several ascensions from Wilmington, Delaware, and on 16 June 1856, ascended from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, but in descending was dashed to the earth and rendered insensible. During 1856-57 he made ascensions from Providence, Rhode Island, and other places in New England, and, on 15 August, he went up from New Haven, Connecticut, in his balloon “Queen of the Air,” which subsequently became famous from his ascensions made from Boston. At an ascension on 1 September 1858, he experimented with the use of a drag rope as a guide. In starting, he allowed 75 pounds of rope to trail along the ground. As the balloon gradually became heated by the sun, its buoyant power was increased without discharging ballast, and by the time five miles had been traversed the rope was lifted from the ground, and it continued to be lifted until a height of two miles had been reached. After a passage of nearly thirty miles, the drag rope was detached, and he continued a similar distance farther. In June 1859, he made an ascension from Charlestown, Massachusetts, landing in Belmont, and on 4 July following he made an ascension from Boston.On another occasion he ascended from Boston Common with a party, and alighted in Melrose, where a long rope was procured, and he treated some of the passengers to a bird's-eye view of the village by moonlight. While the balloon, with five young women, was in the air, it escaped, but after a few miles the descent was safely made. On 4 July 1868, he made an ascent from Buffalo, New York, with five persons. The start was excellent, but the balloon was carried out over Lake Erie, where, in efforts to navigate it, by means of an undercurrent, to reach the land, the car twice struck the surface of the water. <mask> reached the land, and then began a voyage that finally ended on the top of the Alleghany Mountains late at night. As the balloon struck, the anchor was thrown out, but it rebounded, passing over a tall pine tree, the top branches of which caught the anchor. The rope being comparatively short, the party were not able to reach the ground.The night was dark, and the nature of the surface beneath them was unknown, so they concluded to remain all night in the tree. When daylight came, the anchor rope was cut loose and the balloon landed with perfect safety. On 19 October 1869, <mask> ascended from Rochester, New York, with his monster balloon the “Hyperion,” in the presence of nearly 50,000 persons, carrying a party of seven. The weather was unfavorable, the wind boisterous, threatening clouds flew across the sky, flurries of snow were frequent, and the cold was searching. In four and a half minutes, although gas had been discharged from the valve, they entered a snow-cloud. The balloon moved at the rate of forty miles an hour, the cold was intense, night came on, and the party were in the midst of a driving snow storm. The weight of snow that collected on the top of the balloon drove it to the ground, and a forced landing in an open field was made in the squall; but the anchor did not hold, and the balloon bounded over a piece of woods, alighting on the other side.Here the anchor held for a while, the gas escaping from the valve, but, unfortunately, two of the party got out of the basket, and the balloon, thus lightened, broke loose and bounded upon a side hill and at last ran against a tree, a huge rent being made in the machine, so that the gas escaped almost instantly. The party had landed near Cazenovia. During a subsequent series of ascensions in the southern states, King had many strange experiences; the people, unfamiliar with such sights, were at a loss to account for his strange descent from the clouds. In February 1870, he ascended from Augusta, Georgia, and after a journey of 130 miles descended, although not until his balloon had become injured and he had been precipitated to the ground from a height of nearly 60 feet. In July 1872, he ascended from Boston Common, and was carried out to sea, but, after descending until the drag rope trailed through the water, a yacht was met with and the rope tied to its mast. The balloon soon towed the vessel in to the shore and landed. Scientific interest

King always claimed that the study of meteorology should be pursued with a balloon.For this purpose, during the autumn of 1872, he made several ascensions with officers of the United States Signal Service, and the results of their experience have been published in the Journal of the signal service. At the time of the attempted trip of the New York Daily Graphic balloon, the services of <mask> were called in, and it was through his efforts that the launching was made. (See the article on Washington Harrison Donaldson.) An important excursion was made on 4 July 1874, in <mask>'s balloon “Buffalo” from the city of that name. The start was made in the afternoon, the balloon was carried southward during the night, and, following the course of the Susquehanna River until the next morning, the party found themselves over Havre de Grace, Maryland, and as the sun rose a large part of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, and New Jersey was seen. Later a descent was made in New Jersey. In September of the same year an ascension was made from Cleveland at 11 A. M. At first the balloon moved westward, but, rising higher, it floated out over Lake Erie for eight hours, until Buffalo was nearly reached; then descending to the lower current, it drifted back past Cleveland toward the Canada shore, reaching Point au Pele near 7 P. M. He descended just in time to avoid being carried out over Lake Huron; but, the current changing, he again mounted and the balloon was carried across the lake, up the St. Clair River, finally landing in Michigan near Port Huron, after having traversed a distance of nearly 500 miles.On a trip made in July, 1875, with the “Buffalo,” he carried a photographer with him, who took numerous views of cloud effects, and the journey proved of special interest, as they passed through a series of thunderstorms, which they watched from beginning to end. In April 1877, he made several short trips from Nashville, Tennessee, with the observers from the U. S. Signal Service. In August 1887, he made an ascent at Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, in his balloon, the “Great Northwest,” accompanied by Henry Hazen of the U. S. Signal Service, and, after four hours drifting in the vicinity of the city, descended opposite Manayunk. <mask> led the way in the scientific study of the means of air navigation and in the photographing of objects, especially towns and cities, from the air. Publicity
<mask>'s early interest in ballooning created interest in others, so that balloon ascensions became features of expositions, traveling shows and other affairs in which many people were collected together. During the United States centennial year of 1876, <mask> made several excursions of various lengths from Philadelphia, where the Centennial Exposition was located. Over the subsequent years the publicity generated by <mask> and other balloonists during frequent demonstration ascensions led to an increase in the general interest in the navigation of the air.<mask> made ascents from nearly all the cities of the eastern United States, having in all made over 450 voyages through the air, traversing all the continental United States east of the Mississippi River, and much that is west of that river. He was married to Margaret Roberts and had two children. He died as the world's oldest balloonist. Publications

The Balloon:  Noteworthy Aerial Voyages from the Discovery of the Balloon to the Present Time, with a Narrative of the Aeronautic Experiences of Mr. <mask><mask> (1879)
“How to cross the Atlantic in a Balloon,” Century Magazine, October, 1901. Notes

References

1828 births
1914 deaths
American balloonists

masks:
Samuel Archer King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
King
Samuel A
. King


title: José José

texts:
<mask> (17 February 1948 – 28 September 2019), known professionally as <mask>, was a Mexican musician, singer and actor. Born into a family of musicians, <mask> began his musical career in his early teens playing guitar and singing in serenade. He later joined a jazz and bossa nova trio where he sang and played bass and double bass. <mask> found success as a solo artist in the early 1970s. Demonstrating his tenor vocal ability with a stunning performance of the song "El Triste" at a Latin music festival held in Mexico City in 1970, he climbed the Latin charts during that decade. Having achieved recognition as a balladeer, his singing garnered universal critical acclaim from musical peers and media. In the 1980s, after signing with Ariola Records, <mask> rose to international prominence as one of the most popular and talented Latin performers.His 1983 album Secretos has sold over twenty-five million units. With many international hits, he received several Grammy nominations and recognition worldwide. He sold out in venues such as Madison Square Garden and Radio City Music Hall. His music reached non-Spanish-speaking countries like Japan, Israel and Russia. He forged a career as an actor, starring in movies such as Gavilán o Paloma (1985) and Perdóname Todo (1995). Also known in the entertainment world as El Príncipe de la Canción (The Prince of Song), his performance and vocal style have influenced many Latin pop artists in a career that spanned more than four decades. Due to his vocals and popularity, <mask> was considered by Latin audience and media as an icon of Latin pop music and one of the most emblematic and best Latin singers of all the times.Life and career

1948–1962: Childhood
<mask> Sosa Ortiz was born on 17 February 1948 in Clavería, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City. His father, <mask> Esquivel, was an operatic tenor (tenor comprimario) and his mother, Margarita Ortiz, was a classical pianist. When <mask> showed interest in singing, they tried to discourage him claiming that it was too difficult to be successful in show business. In that time, his reportedly alcoholic father abandoned the family forcing <mask> to work to help his mother and younger brother. 1963–1969: Beginnings as singer
At the age of fifteen, his mother gave him his first piano. Besides working in his teens, he learned to play guitar and sang in the church and in serenades along with his neighborhood friends for extra money. In 1967, at the age of 19, <mask> formed Los Peg, a Mexican band of bossa nova/jazz.Although they made several recordings as a group, their songs were not successful. In 1965, under the name of "Pepe Sosa", pursuing a solo career encouraged by his mother, he recorded the singles "Ma vie" and "El Mundo" without success. He made a breakthrough with his artistic career when he was invited to perform a song for a friend's sister on her birthday. His friend's sister was the executive secretary for the managing director of Orfeón Records. He joined his first name "<mask>" with his father's first name - also <mask> - who died of alcoholism. He signed a contract with RCA Victor and recorded his first album: <mask> (also known as Cuidado). The album featured songs by Rubén Fuentes and Armando Manzanero.It was arranged by his former teacher Mario Patrón, who was considered the best jazz musician of Mexico, and employed Brazilian percussionist Mayuto Correa, who was in Mexico City playing with bossa nova stars João Gilberto, Carlos Lira, Leny Andrade and Tamba Trio. The album's sound is a combination of boleros and romantic ballads with a jazz and bossa nova influence. The quality of his debut album garnered praise from critics but did not achieve much popular success. 1970–1980: "El Triste", consolidation and Ariola Records

In early 1970 he released the song "La nave del olvido" which became his first big hit in Mexico and Latin America, and recorded his second album: La Nave Del Olvido. <mask>'s big break came on 15 March 1970, when he represented Mexico in the international song festival the II Festival de la Canción Latina (Latin Song Festival II, predecessor of the OTI Festival) with a performance of the song "El Triste". Although <mask> finished in third place, his performance helped launch his music career to a wider audience. <mask> had several major hits in the 1970s including "De Pueblo en Pueblo", "Hasta Que Vuelvas",  "Déjame Conocerte", "Sentimientos", "Paloma", and "Gavilan o Paloma".One song which was played on the radio, "El Príncipe" ("The Prince"), earned the artist the title "El Príncipe de la Canción" ("The Prince of Songs") from a DJ. In 1973, Frank Sinatra listened to <mask>'s music at Reprise Records and invited him to record a duet and a full album under Sinatra's label. The collaboration was impossible due to <mask>'s exclusivity agreement with his label. In 1976, <mask> signed with Ariola Records with Reencuentro being the first albums to released under the label a year later. 1980–1989: International stardom, Secretos and Mexico's top singer
<mask> released several successful albums including Amor Amor (1980), Romántico (1981), Gracias (1981), Mi Vida. The former album sold over 1.5 million copies in Latin America. He recorded the Spanish version of the hit "New York, New York", as a tribute to friend Frank Sinatra.In 1983, <mask> released Secretos, in which he collaborated with Manuel Alejandro for the album's compositions. "Lo Dudo" ("I Doubt It") and "El Amor Acaba" ("The Love is Over") were major hits from the album and Secretos became the bestselling recording in his career with four million copies sold. Secretos was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1985. Following the release of Secretos, <mask> continued the international success. He released Reflexiones in 1984. The album was written, produced and arranged by Rafael Pérez-Botija and sold over 2 million copies worldwide. Reflexiones  became the first album to reach number-one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums in the United States upon its establishment in 1985 and was also nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1986 Grammy Awards.In 1985, <mask> collaborated performers such as Plácido Domingo, Julio Iglesias, Roberto Carlos, <mask> Rodríguez "El Puma", Pedro Vargas and Vicente Fernández for the charity single, "Cantaré, cantarás". He also performed a duet with Puerto Rican singer <mask> on the song "Por Ella" ("For Her") on Feliciano's album Ya Soy Tuyo (1985) which was also nominated in the same category on the 1986 Grammy Awards. The same year, <mask> starred in his autobiographic film Gavilán o Paloma, alongside Christian Bach and the comedian Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo. The following, he released the album Promesas, written, produced and arranged by Pérez-Botija. Its main hits were "Amantes", "Me vas a echar de menos", "Más", and "Tú me estás volviendo loco". One of the album's singles, "Pruébame", was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance at the 1987 Grammy Awards. Promesas became his second number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums.On his next album Siempre Contigo in 1986 he worked with the Spanish producer and guitarist Paco Cepero. The album produced three singles: "¿Y Quién Puede Ser? ", "Corre y Ve Con Él", and "Sin Saber". The former track became his first number-one song on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States. It was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1988 and became his third number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. <mask> told magazine Selecciones that during 1985 to 1987, he had a personal crisis because "my life was going on airplanes, trucks, locked in a hotel room." His daughter was born in 1982 and that more or less balanced his marriage, but after a while he divorced his then wife.In the same year, he also finished his work relation with his manager, who also was his brother in law. During this events, and his on-going battle with alcoholism, <mask> recorded his album Soy Así; it became his fourth number-one album on the Latin Pop Albums chart. The album included four singles: the title track (became his second number-one song on the Hot Latin Songs chart), "Mi Hembra", "Salúdamela Mucho", and "Vergüenza Me Da Quererte". Soy Así was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1989 Grammy Awards. It was also nominated for Pop Album of the Year at the 1st Annual Lo Nuestro Awards in the same year while <mask> was awarded Pop Male Artist of the Year. <mask> played the role of the Mexican singer and composer Álvaro Carrillo in the movie Sabor A Mí, co-starring Angelica Aragón. In 1989, <mask> released ¿Qué Es El Amor?and included three singles: "Como Tú", "Piel de Azucar" and "Él". "Como Tú" spent ten weeks at number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart and received a nomination for Pop Song of the Year at the 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards. 1990–1999: "Amnesia", 40 y 20, rehab and decline
In 1990, Raúl Velasco made a special TV show to celebrate <mask>'s 25th career anniversary. The show, broadcast by Televisa, lasted over five hours and featured special guests such as Armando Manzanero, Libertad Lamarque, Vicente Fernández and Marco Antonio Muñiz. Later that year, he released En las Buenas... y en las Malas with the lead single "Amnesia" reaching number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart. Two years later, he released 40 y 20 in which the title track speaks about men who fall in love with women that are much younger than them and the reaction of the society to those situations. By the early 1990s, <mask>'s vocals began to deteriorate.It worsened over time and became evident in his live performances. His excessive drinking and unceasing activity of his career caused his voice to falter. In August 1993, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of <mask>'s career, BMG hosted a tribute in the city of Puerto Vallarta. It was called 30 Años de ser el Príncipe (30 years of being the Prince). The tribute included some of the most prestigious artists of Spanish music such as Rocío Dúrcal, Camilo Sesto, Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Raúl di Blasio. The tribute coincided with his recent divorce, a serious relapse into alcoholism and a significant loss of vocal abilities. He appeared to be in poor physical shape, too thin and lacking energy.Camilo Sesto even took a break in the middle of the presentation to speak words of encouragement. The album was not released until 1994. At that time, <mask> suffered the worst stage of alcoholism of his life. During 1993, he retired from the stage and went into rehab. Upon completion of his rehabilitation, he started seasons in places like the famous "Teatro Blanquita" of Mexico City, and the Gibson Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, among others. In 1994, <mask> reunited with Manuel Alejandro and released the album Grandeza Mexicana. The title track peaked at number 12 on the  Hot Latin Tracks.He recorded a duet with his son <mask> in the song "La Fuerza de la Sangre". In 1995, he played the lead role in the movie Perdóname Todo, a drama about an alcoholic has-been and how he tries to survive against himself and the music business. That same year, his album "Mujeriego" was released. It sold more than 180,000 copies in its first two weeks and reached number 12 on the Billboard Latin charts. The song "Llora Corazón" peaked at number 6 on the Hot Latin Songs and was nominated for Pop Song of the Year in the Lo Nuestro Awards. In 1996, he performed a duet with Paul Anka on "Déjame Conocerte (Let me Get to Know You)" from Anka's Latin album Amigos. In 1997, he performed at the Bally's Atlantic City.In September 1999, he joined fellow Mexican singers Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Argentine pianist Raúl di Blasio for a series of concerts dubbed "Noche Bohemia" (Bohemian Night) at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles. 2000–2012: Vocal problems, TV and Sony BMG concept albums
In 2001, with a deteriorating voice he recorded Tenampa. It was his first studio album with mariachi and the last one of his career. It was written and produced completely by Juan Gabriel. It received poor reviews and sold only about 500,000 units. After that, he retired from recording full-length albums. His vocal problems worsened, affecting not only his ability to sing, but also to speak.In 2003, BMG released a collection of three albums entitled El Principe Con Trio with some of his greatest hits recorded between 1969 and 1983, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied by the guitar trio "Los Tres Caballeros", transforming them into boleros. In the mid-2000s, he played the role of Erasmo Padilla (the father of Leticia "Lety" Padilla) in La Fea Más Bella, a successful Mexican version of the Colombian production Betty la Fea (adapted in the US as Ugly Betty). In 2007, he won a TVyNovelas Award for best supporting actor for his work in La Fea Más Bella. In 2008, <mask> recorded an emotive song called "Volver a creer" ("Believe Again") with Greek composer Yanni. The song is included on the album Yanni Voices. Yanni stated that he wanted to "help a true legend to fulfill his dream, to sing again". <mask> was invited by Yanni to sing their song live on Yanni's tour in Mexico.He published his autobiography Esta es mi vida (This is My Life). In 2010, he released José José Ranchero, another concept album with

masks:
José Rómulo Sosa Ortiz
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José Rómulo
José Sosa
José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José José
José José
José
José
José
José José
José José
José
José José
José Luis
José Feliciano
José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José Joél
José
José José


title: José José

texts:
 some of his greatest hits, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied with mariachi, giving his classics a traditional Mexican sound. The same year, <mask> launched his own perfume, called simply "<mask>", the profits from sales help women and children sick with HIV/AIDS. <mask> was planning a new, untitled album, adding that it would consist of nine unreleased tracks and a melody he used to sing in serenades "Que viva mi tristeza", from songwriter Armando Manzanero. It was never completed due to his vocal problems. In 2011, he went on the short Mexican tour "José José y sus amigos" (<mask> and friends), with singers Dulce, Carlos Cuevas, Celso Piña, and Chamin Correa. In 2012, as a celebration for his 50-year career, <mask> gave a concert at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Miami,  his final live performance.Personal life

Alcoholism
<mask> said that he started drinking at the age of fifteen, when his father (an alcoholic) left home. As a result of his alcoholism, he developed a cocaine habit. He stated that his addiction was because he "was frail, weak, innocent, ignorant, weak-willed and did not know how to say no". In the early 1970s, after the success of "El Triste" and missing a collaboration with Frank Sinatra, he fell into depression and alcoholism, but with help of his friends and family he managed to stop drinking for a while. His ongoing battle against alcoholism continued during the 1970s and 1980s. He attended AA meetings and stopped drinking for periods of time, but fell steadily back into the addiction. After his divorce from Anel in 1991 he reached his lowest point, reportedly declaring that he wanted to die drinking.With the help of his friends, family and fellow artists, he decided to go to rehab. He went to the Hazelden clinic in Minnesota for rehab and remained a sober recovering alcoholic. Financial problems
In later years, <mask> made his financial problems public. Despite being one of the most recognized Latin artists for decades, his alcoholism caused him serious monetary loss. His career declined when he lost his vocal ability, stopping income from live performances. He claimed that during his career he was constantly defrauded by people close to him, including his former wife Anel and her brother. In November 2008, his wife suffered a cerebral haemorrhage, <mask> stated that the medical bills nearly caused him to go bankrupt.He told TV Notas magazine that he and his family lived "day to day" and in 2014, he sold his five-million-dollar house in Coral Gables, Florida, and moved to an apartment in Miami. Health issues

<mask> suffered from a severe case of pneumonia in 1972 and his thoracic diaphragm was paralyzed. The disease almost ended his career. He recovered after months of therapy involving breathing exercises. One of his lungs was permanently damaged. In 1987, he underwent an operation at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to remove nodes in his vocal fold as a consequence of the excessive use of cortisone before singing, alcohol use, and the lack of rest after many of his performances. <mask> would suffer dire consequences from his problem with alcoholism, as his health faltered dearly during the 1990s.He developed diabetes. The effects of alcoholism, the abuse of cortisone, and his hiatus hernia not only affected his ability to sing but to talk, as well. In 2007, he suffered from Bell's palsy. As a result of all these problems, he fought a serious depression. He acknowledged this during an interview on the Univision program Don Francisco Presenta..., hosted by Don Francisco. He struggled with diabetic retinopathy in one of his eyes undergoing a successful operation. In 2012, he underwent surgery due to gastritis.In November 2013, he underwent an operation to remove cataracts from one of his eyes. Relationships, marriages and family
In 1970 he started a relationship with TV hostess, actress, and model Ana Elena Noreña, known in show business as Anel. That year they split and he married Natalia "Kiki" Herrera Calles, a socialite 20 years older. He separated from Herrera and returned to Anel shortly after. He divorced Herrera in 1975 and married Anel in 1976. They had two children: their first-born <mask> (known as <mask>) who was born in 1975, and their daughter Marysol Estrella, born in 1982. In 1991 he divorced Anel.Four years later, he married Sara "Sarita" Salazar, his third wife. The same year during a Latin American tour, his third child Sara was born. He lived in Miami, Florida, with his wife. Illness and death

In March 2017, <mask> announced he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, although it was not entirely confirmed since an autopsy was not performed, <mask> presumably died of the disease at the Homestead hospital in Homestead, Florida at 12:17 p.m., at the age of 71. His death shocked Mexico and within several hours became a national trending topic. A large number of personalities, artists, athletes and politicians mourned his death in social media.President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador stated that "his voice moved a lot of people", highlighting his collaborations with composer Manuel Alejandro, also added that "the best homage is to keep remembering him and listening to his songs". On 4 October, a funeral for <mask> was held in Miami which was exclusively for family and friends and <mask> was finally cremated on 8 October. Also on 8 October, his death certificate was revealed and his ashes were divided; with a portion of his ashes staying in Miami, while the remainder of his ashes were flown back to Mexico. On 9 October, half of his ashes were flown back to Mexico City aboard a Mexican Air Force military plane early in the day. A black hearse picked up the gold plated casket bearing his ashes at the airport and drove to the city's downtown where admirers tossed flowers and waved to the passing vehicle as it made its way to the Palace of Fine Arts. A three-hour long tribute was held at the Fine Arts Palace planned  by the Mexican Culture Ministry with members of the National Symphony Orchestra played renditions of some of the icon's ballad songs including "El Triste". Artists from Mexico's the Opera Studio of Fine Arts and the Saloma Quartet also honored the singer's musical legacy during the ceremony.One of the surprises of the day was the visit of Emmanuel. Dulce and Lucia Mendez arrived together at the tribute, where they also stood guard for the coffin. Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, was another of the people invited to say goodbye to the prince of the song. The ashes were then taken to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe for a mass, after the family led a funeral procession through the singer's former neighborhood. The ashes were interred at the Panteón Francés de San Joaquín located in Mexico City. Artistry and image

<mask> grew up listening to traditional pop music, rock and roll, jazz, swing, and big band. He listened to performers such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Mathis and such popular Mexican composers as Consuelo Velázquez and María Grever.He was later inspired by vocalist Barbra Streisand, whom he considered an influence. The son of an operatic tenor and a pianist, he grew up listening to composers such as Chopin and Mozart, but never got the chance to play classical music. In his teens, <mask> learned to play music from top Mexican jazz players and is recognized for playing several instruments, such as the piano, bass, guitar and double bass. Because of his phrasing ability, he was once described as "a singer who sings as a musician". His musical preferences were classical musicians such as Ravel, Debussy and Musorgsky, jazz, and bossa nova. Vocals
According to his autobiography, Ésta es mi vida, vocal coach Guido Picco described <mask> as a light lyric tenor. <mask> worked for periods with coach Seth Riggs, who later highlighted his vocal abilities.Over time, his voice and vocal style changed noticeably, being his prime the early 1970s. Inheriting the singing qualities of his father, he was able to reach high and low notes easily with a practically flawless intonation. His live performance of "El Triste" in 1970 has been widely praised by many critics for its technique and intensity. His breathing technique allowed him to sustain long and clear notes. After recording the song "El Triste" for the 2010 album Iconos, singer Marc Anthony said, "once you start to sing it you realize the magnitude, of that spectacular voice and special phrasing of <mask> and his incredible way to perform". On the Latin VH1 show Las 100 grandiosas canciones de los 1980s en español (The 100 Greatest Spanish Songs of the 1980s), singer Diego Verdaguer said: "If today he could sing, he would be the greatest of Latin America." In a 2018 interview, singer Lupita D'Alessio stated "[<mask>] is an icon, the master, the creator of phrasing, he's got a way of phrasing that there will not be another, for me, he is the greatest singer ever, with the pardon of Luis Miguel".D'Alessio also highlighted his technique to breathe and sustain long notes. Legacy
The music of <mask> is widely known in the Hispanic community. Many artists have acknowledged <mask> as an influence, including Cristian Castro, Vicente Fernández, Alejandro Fernández, Nelson Ned, Pepe Aguilar, Kalimba, Erik Rubin, Manuel Mijares, Lupita D'Alessio, Diego Verdaguer, Reyli, Chayanne and Marc Anthony. In 1997, <mask> was inducted into Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. He received the Billboard Latin Music Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013. In 2002, <mask> was awarded the Excellence Award at the 14th Annual Lo Nuestro Awards and was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2004, he received the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.A year later he received the Personalidad del Año (Person of the Year) by the Latin Recording Academy. In 2006, Televisa produced a TV homage to <mask> in Acapulco, where singers such as Manoella Torres, Francisco Céspedes, and Gualberto Castro performed several of his greatest hits live. In July 2008, Univision and the Latin Grammy recorded a special TV tribute in Miami to <mask>, called Latin Grammy Celebra: <mask> (Latin Grammy Celebrates: <mask>) at the BankUnited Center. Stars such as Marco Antonio Solís, Ana Bárbara, Alicia Villarreal, Olga Tañon, Luis Fonsi, David Bisbal, and Aventura performed some of his greatest hits live. Stars such as Plácido Domingo, Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, and RBD, showed their admiration with messages and greetings. Univision described <mask> as "One of the most beloved singers in Latin music." In 2007, a bronze statue was unveiled in his honor in the Azcapotzalco area in Mexico City, where he grew up.He was honored by the Las Vegas Walk of Stars with a celebrity star and a book signing at the Rio in Las Vegas on 20 November 2008. In February 2004, for his contribution to the recording industry, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7036 Hollywood Blvd. He was posthumously given the Living Legend Award by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019. Tributes
Latin rock and hip hop artists such as Molotov, Jumbo, Julieta Venegas, Beto Cuevas, and Aleks Syntek recorded a tribute album in 1998 called Volcán: Tributo a José José (Volcán: Tribute to <mask>). Each artist recorded one of <mask>'s classics such as "Lo Dudo", "El Triste", or "Volcán" in a distinctive fashion. It sold over 500,000 units. Fifteen years after its release, in November 2013, a follow-up to Volcán: Tributo a José José was released under the title Un Tributo 2, featuring performers such as Natalia Lafourcade, Moderatto, Los Claxons, Carla Morrison, and Panteón Rococó.On 30 November 2010, Mexican singer Cristian Castro released Viva el Principe (Long Live the Prince) which includes a virtual duet with <mask> on "Lo Pasado, Pasado" and a poem recited by him. In the poem, <mask> conveys that the singer cannot live if he cannot sing ("Ya no podrá vivir, si ya no canta"); an allusion to losing his singing voice. Rafael Pérez-Botija was involved in the production of the album. The success of Viva el Principe helped revive Castro's career. Castro released another tribute album to <mask> titled Mi Amigo El Príncipe (My friend the Prince). In 2009, Kalimba recorded an album, Amar y Querer: Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones (Love and Desire: A Tribute to the Great Songs), which featured some of the most iconic Latin ballads, among them: "Amar y querer", "Desesperado", "Volcán", and "El Triste". On 25 October 2019, 100,000 people paid homage to <mask> during a rainstorm in the Zócalo of Mexico City.Filmography

Discography

References

External links

 <mask> on YouTube
 <mask> on Grammy Awards

1948 births
2019 deaths
Bossa nova musicians
Bossa nova singers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Hispanic and Latino American male actors
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honorees
Latin pop singers
Male actors from Mexico City
Male jazz musicians
Mexican jazz musicians
Mexican male film actors
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Musicians from Mexico City
Singers from Mexico City
20th-century Mexican male actors
20th-century Mexican male singers
21st-century Mexican male singers
Burials in Mexico
Mexican Roman

masks:
José
José José
José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José Francisco
José Joél
José José
José José
José
José
José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José José


title: Carole Post

texts:
<mask> is the City of Tampa’s administrator for development and economic opportunity. She previously served as the chief administrative officer of USF Health at the University of South Florida. She was formerly the  executive vice president at New York Law School , and before that,   the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT) and New York City's chief information officer (CIO). She was the first woman to have held such an office of the City of New York. Background
<mask> is a native of Bradenton, Florida. She received a B.S. degree from the University of Florida and a J.D.degree from Seton Hall University School of Law. She is licensed to practice law in New York and Florida. Career

Early career
After graduating from the University of Florida, <mask> joined Plan Services, Inc. in Tampa, Florida—a division of Dun and Bradstreet. She rose to a national representative position and thereafter was appointed as an executive director. <mask> remained at Plan Services, Inc. for five years. <mask> left her corporate position to attend Seton Hall University Law School in Newark, New Jersey. Upon graduating, <mask> joined a private law firm in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, becoming the first female member of the firm.She worked in the municipal law department where she represented local municipal governments in Palm Beach County. In 1999, one of her clients, the City of Palm Beach Gardens, hired her as acting city manager,  overseeing all city operations. In this position  Post first started to deal with matters involving information technology, particularly the operational and technical issues related to the new millennium. She served in this capacity until mid-2000. New York City Government
Department of Buildings

In late 2001, Post joined the City of New York, initially as a deputy director in the enforcement division of the New York City Department of Buildings., and later serving as its executive director of strategic planning. Mayor Bloomberg's Office of Operations

In 2006, Post was appointed director of agency services in Mayor Michael Bloomberg's office of operations. Early in her tenure, she launched NYCStat, a website providing access to key municipal reports and statistics.Following the 2008 recession, she led the creation of the NYCStat Stimulus Tracker, which catalogued stimulus funding data to allow NYC agencies and residents to analyze citywide expenses, performance, and job creation metrics. She also led the upgrade of NYC's 311 call center and 311 online service, as well as the NYC.gov website. She also launched the Citywide Performance Reporting (CPR) system, a public dashboard of city agency performance and developed the Street Conditions Observation Unit (SCOUT), an initiative that directs city inspectors to survey every city street once per month.She also modernized the mayor's management report, the official public record of New York City agencies' annual performance. Department of Information Technology and Telecommunication (DoITT)

Post was appointed chief information officer of New York City and commissioner of the NYC department of information technology and telecommunication (DoITT) in 2009. She unveiled a "technology roadmap", and coordinated the adoption of the mayor's open data law, Following the passage of the law in March 2012, she managed the new data system. Post oversaw the design and rollout of the Citywide IT Infrastructure Services (CITIServ) program, a plan developed in March 2010 to consolidate IT systems of more than 40 agencies and 50 data centers across the city into one system. The program was projected to save the city up to $100 million in data management costs over five years.On March 3, 2011, the first modern data center planned under the CITIServ program opened in Brooklyn. She coordinated with the New York City Economic Development Corporation and private sector sponsors to host the NYC "Big Apps" competition, an annual competition  that challenges programmers and developers to use municipal data to build technology products to solve specific city problems. She led negotiations for citywide licensing agreements with software vendors to consolidate dozens of contracts; this was projected to save the city up to $68 million over five years. Post managed DoITT participation in a public-private partnership with Microsoft and SelfHelp Community Services to create the “virtual senior center,” which provides home-bound senior citizens in NYC with better access to community services

In late 2011, she launched a citywide program to reduce the "broadband gap" through  arrangements with cable franchisees. This enabled deployment of free wireless internet in 30 public parks, upgrades to internet service in community centers and libraries, and  installation of expanded fiber cable into commercial and industrial areas of the city. She coordinated a DoITT partnership with the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development and Time Warner Cable to create a learning lab at Harlem's James Weldon Johnson Community Center. The lab, which opened in April 2012, provides free high-speed internet, upgraded computer technology, and e-learning programs for adults and children.Post was named a “Top 50 Government CIO” by Information Week: Government magazine in March 2011. She was also named “2011 New York State Public Sector CIO of the Year” at the 2011 New York State CIO Academy on April 6, 2011. Post resigned from DoITT to serve as executive vice president and chief strategy officer at New York Law School in April 2012. New York Law School
Post joined New York Law School as executive vice president and chief strategy officer on April 12, 2012. Soon after joining NYLS, she worked with Dean Anthony Crowell and NYLS faculty on the creation of a new long-term Strategic Plan for the institution. I

University of South Florida
In October 2016, Post joined the University of South Florida as the deputy chief operating officer for USF Health. References

External links
Now That Open Data Is Law in New York, Meet <mask>, the Enforcer.Capital New York. March 21, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012. New York City's IT Roadmap. CIO Insight. July 16, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2012.<mask> Interviewed at Strata Summit 2011. September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2012. Living people
People from Bradenton, Florida
21st-century women
Chief information officers
American chief operating officers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Carole Post
Carole Post
Post
Post
Post
Post
Carole Post
Carole Post


title: Bombardier Billy Wells

texts:
<mask>, better known as Bombardier <mask> (31 August 1889 – 12 June 1967), was an English heavyweight boxer. Fighting under the name "Bombardier <mask>", he was British and British Empire Champion from 1911 until 1919, defending his title fourteen times. In 1911 he became the first Heavyweight to win the Lonsdale Belt, which had been introduced for British champions at all weights in 1909. <mask>, who was  and was between , fought with an orthodox style. Early life
<mask> was born at 250 Cable Street, Stepney, in the East End of London. He was the eldest of five brothers and was one of nine children. His parents were <mask>, a musician, and Emily Rhoda Farrier, a laundress.He attended Broad Street elementary school, Queensbury until about the age of twelve, then becoming a messenger boy. He began to box as an amateur during this period. In 1906, <mask> joined the Royal Artillery as a gunner. He was posted to Rawalpindi where he boxed in divisional and all-India championships, with great success. He was promoted to a bombardier, and began training full-time with the help of a civilian coach. It became apparent that <mask> was good enough to make a living from boxing, so in 1910, he bought himself out of the army and returned to Britain. This was at a time when boxing was becoming very popular as a spectator sport, in Britain and elsewhere.Professional career
<mask> had his first professional fight on 8 June 1910, against Gunner Joe Mills, winning on points over six rounds. In his first eight fights he recorded seven wins and one defeat. In his next fight he fought for the British Heavyweight Title, at the National Sporting Club, Covent Garden, London. The fight was in April 1911 against Iron (William) Hague, the holder, and <mask> won by a knockout in the sixth round of twenty. <mask> was matched to fight the current world heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson, in London in October 1911, but religious opponents of excessive prize money, led by Baptist minister Frederick Brotherton Meyer, and opponents of contests between the races, caused the fight to be cancelled by Winston Churchill, who was then Home Secretary. A colour bar remained in British boxing until 1947. In December 1911, <mask> fought Fred Storbeck at Covent Garden for the British Empire Heavyweight Title, scoring a knockout in the eleventh round to gain his second title in one year.In June 1913, <mask> fought the extremely talented Frenchman Georges Carpentier for the European Heavyweight Title. The bout was held in Ghent, Belgium, and <mask> lost by a knockout in the fourth round. <mask> defended his British heavyweight title three times in 1913, and then in December of the same year, he had a rematch with Carpentier for his European title. The bout was held at Covent garden, but again Carpentier won, this time by a knockout in the first round. <mask> continued to box and successfully defend his British heavyweight title, even after the start of World War I. In May 1915, <mask> joined up for military service (in the Welch Regiment) and was later made a sergeant. He continued to box until the end of 1916, and in 1917 was sent to France to organize physical training amongst the troops.After the end of the war, <mask> resumed his boxing career. His fourteenth defence of his British heavyweight title, and of his British Empire title was against Joe Beckett, a boxer whom he had beaten on points two months previously. The bout was held in February 1919, in Holborn, London, and Beckett won by a knockout in the fifth round to take <mask>' titles. <mask> then had five more bouts, winning them all, before having a rematch against Beckett in May 1920. The bout was held at Olympia, Kensington, but again <mask> was knocked out, this time in the third round. <mask> continued to fight, having eight more bouts, winning five and losing three. His last fight was in April 1925.<mask> was the third person to fill the role of the "gongman" - the figure seen striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films. Private life
In 1911, he published a book, Modern Boxing: a Practical Guide to Present Day Methods. On 7 September 1912, <mask> married Ellen Kilroy, the daughter of a publican. They had five children before eventually parting. Ellaine Beryl <mask>, William Thomas <mask>, Audrey Ellen <mask>, Cynthia Diane <mask>. In 1923, he published the book, Physical energy: Showing how physical and mental energy may be developed by means of the practice of boxing, Publisher: T.W. Laurie.The Lonsdale Belt that <mask> won was the original heavyweight belt and was crafted from 22 carat gold unlike later belts. The belt was kept at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, South East London, but is now at Larkhill, Salisbury following the move of the home of the Royal Artillery. He lived in Ealing, London and died there on 11 June 1967, aged 77. His ashes were laid to rest in the crypt of St. Mary's parish church in Hanwell, west London.

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William Thomas Wells
Billy Wells
Billy Wells
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William Thomas Wells
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title: Ben Breedlove

texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1993 – December 25, 2011) was an American Internet personality from Austin, Texas, known for his vlogs on YouTube. On the night of December 25, 2011, he died from complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at the age of 18. Life and career
<mask> grew up in Austin, Texas, where he was a senior at Westlake High School. <mask> lived with his parents along with his older sister Ally and younger brother Jake. In 2010, he began making video blogs on YouTube, in which he dealt out relationship advice to his peers. Breedlove created the OurAdvice4You channel on YouTube in November 2010 with friends, Justin Miller and Megan Parken. On May 23, 2011, he launched his second channel, BreedloveTV, where he would answer questions about dating, relationships and advice.At an early age, Breedlove had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). "This Is My Story" viral video
On December 18, 2011, Breedlove released a two-part video on YouTube, titled "This is my story." Breedlove opens up about his heart condition as well as the impact it had on his life, using note cards. He also mentioned three near-death experiences. On May 5, 2009, Breedlove underwent surgery to insert a pacemaker. The pacemaker helped regulate his heart rhythm. In the video he shows a red scar on his chest, where the pacemaker had been inserted.Death
Breedlove died due to cardiac arrest on the evening of Christmas Day 2011. Aftermath

Media coverage and memorials
News of his death made world coverage on December 27, two days after his death, his story first appearing on Australia's Ninemsn before coverage spread out through the world on other major media outlets, including the Los Angeles Times, ABC, CBS News, MSNBC, Fox News, MTV, The Independent, Herald Sun, The Washington Post, People Magazine, and The Wall Street Journal. On December 29, Breedlove's funeral was held at the Gateway Church, in Austin, Texas. More than 1,400 people attended the service, and another 11,000 watched online. He was interred at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Travis County, Texas, USA. A day after Breedlove's death, Kid Cudi said in reaction, "This has really touched my heart in a way I can't describe, this is why I do what I do." Cudi later dedicated his third studio album Indicud (2013), to Breedlove and all his fans that have died; the dedication can be found in the album's liner notes.HCMA and the HEARTS Act
On January 5, 2012, the HCMA announced that they mourn the death of Breedlove and are encouraging their members to "tell their stories the same way as <mask>." Lisa Salberg, founder and CEO of HCMA, along with New Jersey Congressman Frank Pallone Jr. had worked together in drafting the Cardiomyopathy Health Education, Awareness, Risk Assessment, and Training in the Schools (HEARTs) act. The Bill was introduced in January 2012 to Congress. The Westlake High School Student Council and Friday Night Fan Stand collected donations for the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association during the Ben Breedlove Memorial Football Game which took place at the Westlake football stadium on September 21, 2012. Fans wore white as a show of support and a moment of silence was observed. Funds collected were used for educational efforts relating to the disease that claimed Breedlove's life. Africa New Life Ministries
On December 27, 2011, the Ben Breedlove Memorial Fund was created at Africa New Life Ministries.2013 Tournament of Roses Parade
On January 1, 2013, <mask> was honored in a florograph on the Donate Life float, titled "Journeys of the Heart". Family members and friends contributed to the florograph which was then placed on the float. When Will The Heaven Begin? On October 29, 2013, the book, When Will The Heaven Begin? was released by Penguin Publishers. The book was listed on The New York Times Best Seller List beginning the first week of the release date. The memoir of <mask>'s life is written by his sister <mask> with Ken Abraham.The title of the book is taken from the lyric of the song "Mr. Rager", written and performed by Kid Cudi. <mask> stated that during his second cardiac arrest, he had a vision of being in a peaceful, white room, in which his favorite rapper Kid Cudi, appeared alongside him as the lyrics to the song "Mr. Rager", began playing. To Heaven and Back CNN television special
On December 1, 2013, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special highlighting the near-death stories of Dr. Mary Neal, Anita Moorjani and <mask>. Additional publications
Breedlove's life story has been chronicled in several other publications, including "Imagine Heaven:  Near Death Experiences, God's Promises and the Exhilarating Future that Awaits You" by John Burke, "Soul Models:  Transformative Stories of Courage and Compassion That Will Change Your Life" by Elizabeth Bryan and Angela Daffron  and "Echoes of a Life Well Lived" by Richard M. O'Bryan. In Music
Breedlove's story has been honored in several musical pieces, including Kid Cudi's dedication of his album, "INDICUD". The Chicago group, Empire, includes their song, "Journey Kid" on their most recent album titled "Orphan". Journey Kid can also be viewed on YouTube.Australian composer Phillip Wilcher composed a 4-string quartet piece titled "Remembered upon Waking", performed by the Linden Quartet. David LaCroix wrote and dedicated his piece, "In A Little While" to Breedlove and all the people that have "gone on to a better place than here". Gabriel Art Installation
Breedlove's legacy continues in the form of art installations and community arts programs. "Gabriel", a rugged angel wing sculpture made of fossilized bluestone by artist Bobby Jacobs, was installed in the Healing Garden at Dell Children's Medical Center. "Gabriel" symbolizes the strength and comfort of angels in times of need. It is a reminder to "see" the unseen – God's ministering spirits at work in this world. Second Lady Karen Pence visiting Gabriel with Breedlove's mother in 2017

The Spread Your Wings Community Arts Program
The "Spread Your Wings" Community Arts Program took flight at Dell Children's Medical Center's 2017 "Art of Giving" event when the art piece, "Spread Your Wings", broke fundraising records for Dell Children's.The piece is a painted set of angel wings on canvas that was created by artist Elizabeth-Bryan Jacobs. She says the piece was inspired by Breedlove's YouTube video because he told of being visited and comforted by angels during his lifetime. Breedlove had also been a frequent patient at Dell Children's Medical Center. This piece hangs in the newly created Texas Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. The "Spread your Wings' piece is the inspiration for the "Spread Your Wings" community arts program which will add angel wing art installations to hospitals and other community centers across the nation. The first official "Spread Your Wings" installation took place on October 1, 2018, at the Las Vegas Community Healing Garden, which honors the 58 victims of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. "Love and Courage" is a gorgeous 6' tall sculpture and is engraved with the initials of the 58 victims.References

External links
 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
 OurAdvice4You at YouTube.com
 BreedloveTV at YouTube.com
 TotalRandomness512 at YouTube.com
 Ben Breedlove Memorial Service Video

1993 births
2011 deaths
People from Austin, Texas
Westlake High School (Texas) alumni
American YouTubers
Male YouTubers

masks:
Benjamin Daniel Breedlove
Ben Breedlove
Ben
Ben
Ben Breedlove
Ben
Ally Breedlove
Ben
Benjamin Breedlove