title: Richard Kemp

texts:
Colonel <mask>  (born 14 April 1959) is a retired British Army officer who served from 1977 to 2006. <mask> was an infantry battalion commanding officer. Among his assignments were the command of Operation Fingal in Afghanistan from July to November 2003, and work for the Joint Intelligence Committee and COBR. After retiring <mask> co-wrote Attack State Red with Chris Hughes. The book is an account of the 2007 Afghanistan campaign undertaken by the Royal Anglian Regiment, documenting their initial deployment. <mask> has spoken on a range of social and political issues, including the British armed forces, the Middle East, and the European Union. He is a frequent contributor to The Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mail, The Daily Express, Bruges Group, ConservativeHome, and Breitbart News.[self-published source?] Early life and military career

<mask> was educated at Colchester Royal Grammar School before serving as a soldier and officer in the Royal Anglian Regiment from 1977 to 2006. Having trained as an infantry soldier in 1977 at Bassingbourn Barracks, Cambridgeshire, he attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and was commissioned as Second Lieutenant on the General List on 5 August 1978. Posted back to the Royal Anglian Regiment in 1979, <mask> was appointed as a platoon commander with the 3rd Battalion, based in Palace Barracks, Belfast. During his military career <mask> completed seven deployments on Operation Banner in Northern Ireland. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant in 1980 and Captain in 1985. He later became a training instructor at Bassingbourn before a posting to the 2nd Battalion as the second in command of a company, Milan Platoon commander, and then battle group operations officer, serving in several locations across the world, including a tour as part of UNFICYP in Cyprus.As a captain in the Royal Anglian Regiment, <mask> took part in the first Gulf War in 1990–91, commanding the Tactical Headquarters of 7th Armoured Brigade, and was promoted to the rank of Major in 1991. Following tours with the 7th Armoured Brigade and in Headquarters Northern Ireland, he returned to the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Anglian Regiment as Point Company Commander, leading the company in Bosnia, Germany and Canada. In Bosnia, he served on operations with the United Nations (UNPROFOR). He then took over the Armoured Infantry Training and Advisory Team based at Hohne and Sennelager, and held a staff appointment in the Ministry of Defence. <mask> was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in 1997 and commanded the 1st Battalion of the Royal Anglian Regiment in Oakington and Londonderry from 1998 to 2000. After this command, he was appointed commander of the Operational Training and Advisory Group and then spent six months as Counter Terrorism and Security Advisor to the Government of Macedonia. <mask> was attached to the Cabinet Office from 2001 to 2006, during which time he was briefly Commander of Operation Fingal in Afghanistan (between July and November 2003) with approximately 300 soldiers under his command.At the Cabinet Office he worked for the Joint Intelligence Committee and the national crisis management group, COBRA, during the period of the 2005 London bombings and a series of kidnappings of British nationals in Iraq and Afghanistan. His responsibilities included Iraq, and he made several visits to Baghdad, Fallujah and Mosul. He was promoted to the rank of colonel on 30 June 2004 and retired from the army on 30 March 2006. After leaving the army, <mask> co-authored the book Attack State Red with Chris Hughes, a journalist with the Daily Mirror. It describes the deployment of the Royal Anglian Regiment in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, in 2007 as a part of Operation Herrick. The title of the book comes from the British military standing operating procedures (SOPs) for the alert state of a base referring to the likelihood of attack. The book was published in September 2009 by Penguin Books.Politics

Allegations of war crimes and criminal prosecutions of British soldiers
<mask> has repeatedly spoken out against the "malicious, disruptive" investigation and prosecution of British soldiers for suspected criminal acts in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as the opening of new investigations relating to the actions of British soldiers in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, including those relating to Bloody Sunday. <mask> has argued that the prosecution of British armed forces personnel for alleged criminal acts "are part of a concerted campaign of political warfare intended to undermine western democracies and their ability to defend themselves." <mask> told the Belfast News Letter that he was concerned about the investigations into historic crimes, stating "It is obvious some soldiers do some wrong things of course but there is a very clear difference between them and terrorists. Soldiers set out to uphold the law whereas terrorists set out to maim and murder. They should be treated differently." <mask> told a Law of War Conference at the Israel Law Centre in 2015 that "it has always been difficult to get soldiers to adhere strictly to the laws of war because the battlefield is an inherently dangerous and frightening place, and soldiers are only human beings who sometimes succumb to the strain and stress of conflict, sometimes make mistakes, and who sometimes get overtaken by anger at seeing their mates blown apart next to them." <mask> was himself questioned by police in 2000 concerning his suspected role in the murder of a prominent Republican figure during the 1980s, but charges were not brought against him.Brexit
<mask> is a member of the advisory board of Veterans for Britain, which campaigned strongly during the 2016 referendum for the UK to leave the European Union. Afghan interpreters
In 2015, <mask> spoke out in support of granting asylum in the UK to Afghan interpreters who had worked with British armed forces. Israel and Palestine
<mask> is involved with several pro-Israel organisations including as a board member at the Friends of Israel Initiative and the international advisory board of the pro-Israel organisation NGO Monitor and a frequent speaker at the UN Human Rights Council on behalf of UN Watch. <mask> has suggested that the UK government's condemnation of actions by the Israeli government and military in Palestine are the result of anti-Semitism within British government institutions and the mainstream media, as well as a desire by the same "to appease militant Islam". Interviewed in The Jewish Post in May 2015, <mask> stated that 'I'm not suggesting all Muslims are extremists, or support violence and terrorism. But, what I would say is that the overwhelming majority of Muslims is opposed to Israel and is anti-Semitic. As they gain dominance in different Western countries and threaten us with violence that they sometimes carry out – we’ve seen it in Paris, in Denmark, in London, where a British soldier was decapitated by Islamic extremists – there is an inclination among many people, who maybe ought to know better, to appease that violence and appease that dominance, and therefore side with them against Israel.'United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (2008)
<mask> asked to be interviewed by the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (also known as the Goldstone Report), which was established by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) as an independent international fact-finding mission "to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law by the occupying Power, Israel, against the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the occupied Gaza Strip, due to the current aggression". His request was rejected "because the report did not deal with the issues he raised regarding the problems of conducting military operations in civilian areas". <mask> publicly rejected the conclusions of the investigation, denying allegations that Israel engaged in war crimes and crimes against humanity. <mask> said: "Of course innocent civilians were killed. War is chaos and full of mistakes. There have been mistakes by the British, American and other forces in Afghanistan and in Iraq, many of which can be put down to human error. But mistakes are not war crimes...Based on my knowledge and experience, I can say this: during Operation Cast Lead, the Israeli Defense Forces did more to safeguard the rights of civilians in the combat zones than any other army in the history of warfare."In the report of a June 2009 conference at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs <mask> also accused Hamas of deploying women and children as suicide attackers, and wrote that "Women and children are trained and equipped to fight, collect intelligence and ferry arms and ammunition between battles." UN Commission of Inquiry Report on Gaza (2014)
<mask> criticised the findings of the 2014 UN Commission of Inquiry Report on Gaza, calling it "flawed and dangerous". His analysis was strongly critiqued by <mask>, former U.N. Special Rapporteur on Palestine, who accused <mask> of ignoring and misinterpreting international law. "Honour the Brave"
<mask> was involved in the "Honour the Brave" campaign led by the Daily Mirror in 2007 and 2008 to recognise the sacrifice of British troops killed or wounded in action by the award of a medal similar to the US Purple Heart. The campaign was initiated by Rita Restorick, mother of British soldier Lance Bombardier Stephen Restorick, who was killed by an IRA sniper on 12 February 1997. An Early Day Motion in the 2008–2009 parliamentary session supporting the initiative gained the support of the majority of Members of Parliament, as well as widespread support among serving and retired military ranging including Field Marshal Sir Edwin Bramall, former Chief of Defence Staff. The campaign eventually led to the MOD announcement in 2008 of a new award to be made to the next of kin of British soldiers killed in action, which was launched in July 2009.The award, called the Elizabeth Cross, is the first decoration to be named after a reigning monarch since the institution of the George Cross in 1941 and was back-dated to the end of the Second World War. Death threat

In October 2013 British media reported that <mask> may be on an Al-Qaeda death list. <mask> featured alongside others who have spoken out against Islamist terrorism on a video released by the Al Qaeda group al-Shabaab, which was responsible for an attack on a Nairobi shopping mall in 2013. The video included a clip from the BBC TV programme HARDtalk of <mask> condemning the murder of Fusilier Drummer Lee Rigby in Woolwich. The al-Shabaab urged UK Islamists to copy the murder. The Daily Mirror reported that anti-terrorist police had discussed with <mask> this death threat and concerns over his security. Controversies

Criticism of "political correctness" in the armed forces
<mask> has consistently criticised efforts by the British army to increase gender and ethnic diversity.In 2014 he expressed his strong opposition to the proposal to end the policy prohibition on women serving in ground close combat roles, stating that women lack "ferocity, aggression and killer instinct". Writing in the Daily Telegraph in 2016 he alleged that the decision to allow women access to all armed forces roles was driven by "feminist zealots and ideologues hell-bent on equality of opportunity without exception" and that "through no fault of their own, women will often become the weak link in an infantry team. The men will have to take up the slack". <mask> was critical of the army's 2018 recruitment advertising campaign, "This is Belonging", stating that "The army, like the rest of government, is being forced down a route of political correctness ... What is most important is that the army is full of soldiers. It is of secondary importance that they reflect the composition of society." On 1 August 2017 The Times published an article by <mask> claiming that Islamic State forces were attempting to infiltrate the British armed forces, stating that "The understandable drive by the armed forces and police to recruit more Muslims, and a less understandable concern for ticking the politically correct box over operational effectiveness, combine into an unprecedented danger." The article was condemned for stigmatising all young Muslims as "potential terrorists" and undermining attempts to increase diversity in the British armed forces.On 3 August 2017 The Times published a letter from the Muslim Council of Britain that said "<mask> chooses to cast a dark shadow of suspicion on Muslims serving in our nation’s armed forces (Islamists may have already infiltrated our armed forces, 1 August)." Attacking an article that <mask> had written in that newspaper, they said it was "unreasonable and downright unfair to single out Muslims who have taken the patriotic step to enlist." <mask> has defended the continued enlistment of 16 and 17-year olds by the British armed forces, despite criticism of the policy from child rights organisations, arguing that the recruitment policy "unquestionably boosts the quality and fighting effectiveness of the armed forces". 2015 University of Sydney lecture
On 11 March 2015 <mask> visited the University of Sydney to deliver a lecture on "Ethical Dilemmas of Military Tactics" and the complexities in dealing with violent non-state actors such as ISIL. This lecture was interrupted by a group of pro-Palestinian demonstrators led by Associate-Professor Jake Lynch, the director of the university's Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies. Following a heated exchange between the protesters and audience members, the pro-Palestinian protesters were evicted by security guards. In response to the incident, <mask> wrote a letter to the University of Sydney criticising Lynch's behaviour and accusing the latter of antisemitism.The University of Sydney later commenced an investigation into the incident. Libelling Baroness Warsi
In April 2017, a column written by <mask> and published in the Jewish News suggested that Baroness Warsi had sought to excuse the conduct of the Islamic State group. The column also suggested that she had objected to action being taken against British Muslims who murder and rape for that organisation. The Jewish News was subsequently ordered to pay £20,000 in damages plus costs to Warsi. In its public apology, the Jewish News stated
In a column written by Colonel <mask> published in the Jewish News and jewishnews.co.uk on 6 April 2017, it was suggested that Baroness Sayeeda Warsi has sought to excuse the appalling conduct of the barbaric Islamic State terror group. The column also suggested that Baroness Warsi has objected to action being taken against British Muslims who murder and rape for Islamic State. We wish to make absolutely clear that these allegations were wholly untrue and should never have been published.Warsi donated the damages to a charity for Muslim and Jewish women. <mask> himself did not issue an apology, and was accused by Warsi of appearing "to wantonly publish inflammatory and offensive comments without a thought for the consequences (let alone the truth)." Call for death penalty, deportation or internment of suspected terrorists
In the wake of the Manchester Arena bombing, <mask> called for all foreign nationals on the British government's terrorism watch list to be deported from the UK. He has also called for British nationals suspected of involvement in terrorism to be interned or stripped of their citizenship, stating "those who are fighting with Islamic State, who have gone out from this country to fight with Islamic State, to murder, torture, and rape, we don’t let them come back. They don't come back into this country." <mask>'s calls were rejected by Brigadier Paul Gibson, the former director of counterterrorism for the UK Ministry of Defence, who stated the suggestions were "a very, very blunt instrument that I think would fundamentally undermine the way we in Britain operate as a liberal society where we absolutely put the rule of law at the front of everything we do." In December 2017 <mask> appeared on a Jon Gaunt podcast with far-right activist Tommy Robinson, calling for British citizens fighting for ISIS "if possible to be killed in Iraq or Syria or wherever they are."On 23 July 2018, The Daily Telegraph published an article by <mask> which argued that after its departure from the European Union, Britain should re-instate the death penalty for terrorism suspects. Allegations concerning Jeremy Corbyn
During the general election campaign in May 2017, <mask> accused Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn of supporting terrorism: "We must face the fact that Jeremy Corbyn as prime minister would simply aid our enemies. He would rather support the likes of Hamas – every bit as fundamentalist as Islamic State – than oppose these extremists." In May 2019, he stated that "Corbyn supports terrorism and terrorist violence. He is not a pacifist nor a man of peace despite his false claims. He is a racist, a liar, a fraud and a threat to this country and all  people." <mask> has repeatedly accused Corbyn of supporting the Irish Republican Army (IRA), condoning the murder of civilians and being a "Jew hater".Use of the term "taig"
In July 2017 he received criticism for his usage of the term "taig", a racial slur for Catholics of Irish descent, during an exchange on Twitter, including from former Labour MP and British Army officer Eric Joyce who questioned if he knew it was a "racist term of abuse". In his defence <mask>, mentioned that he is a practising Catholic and having often been subject to the term as a result, he did not consider it a term of abuse. Honours and awards

<mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), Military Division, on 25 April 1994 in recognition of his intelligence work in Northern Ireland in 1993, and was awarded the Queen's Commendation for Bravery for service as a commander in the United Nations Protection Force in Bosnia in 1994. He was promoted Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE), Military Division, in the New Year Honours 2006. He received an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University in 2015. References

External links

1959 births
Living people
British military personnel of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
British Army personnel of the Gulf War
British Army personnel of the Iraq War
British Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
British intelligence operatives
British military historians
Counterinsurgency theorists
Counter-terrorism theorists
Critics of Islamism
English military writers
Military personnel from Essex
English Roman Catholics
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Royal Anglian Regiment officers
People educated at Colchester Royal Grammar School
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Queen's Commendation for Bravery

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Richard Justin Kemp
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title: Inge II of Norway

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Norwegian: <mask>, Old Norse: Ingi Bárðarson; 1185 – 23 April 1217) was King of Norway from 1204 to 1217. His reign was within the later stages of the period known in Norwegian history as the age of civil wars. <mask> was the king of the birkebeiner faction. The conclusion of the settlement of Kvitsøy with the bagler faction in 1208 led to peace for the last nine years of <mask>’s reign, at the price of Inge and the birkebeiner recognising bagler rule over Viken (the Oslofjord area). Background
Inge’s father, Bård, was a prominent lendmann from the Trøndelag region and a descendant of Tostig Godwinson. He was an early supporter of king Sverre, who brought the Birkebeiner faction to power in the late 12th century after years of war against king Magnus Erlingsson. Inge’s mother, Cecilia, was the daughter of an earlier king, Sigurd Munn.She had been married to the lawspeaker Folkvid in Värmland Sweden. After her brother, Sverre, had won the throne of Norway, she left her husband and travelled to Sverre in Norway, claiming she had been wedded to Folkvid against her will. The archbishop annulled her marriage to Folkvid, and Sverre gave her to his trusted follower Bård Guttormsson in marriage. <mask> was Bård and Cecilia’s only son. Accession
After king Sverre died in 1202, his son, Haakon, and his grandson, Guttorm, died within two years. The birkebeiner were thus left without any direct successors to Sverre. (The existence of another grandson of Sverre, Haakon Haakonsson, was as yet unknown.)Sverre’s old adversaries, the bagler, were exploiting the situation to launch a new invasion of Viken under their king, Erling Steinvegg. After the infant king Guttorm’s death in August 1204, the birkebeiner needed a strong leader to oppose the bagler threat. The birkebeiner leaders wanted earl Haakon the Crazy, who had earlier been appointed to rule the kingdom in king Guttorm’s infancy. Haakon was <mask>’s older half-brother, the son of Cecilia and Folkvid. However, Eirik, archbishop of Nidaros, and the farmers of Trøndelag insisted on choosing <mask>, who had until then ruled Trøndelag under Guttorm. A compromise was reached, whereby <mask> became king, while earl Haakon became leader of the army, and received half the royal income. Reign
The next four years saw intense fighting between the birkebeiner and the bagler.The bagler king Erling died in 1206, but the bagler continued the fight under their new king, Philip Simonsson. The bagler controlled the Viken area, with the cities of Tønsberg and Oslo King <mask> controlled Trøndelag with Nidaros, while Bergen in western Norway changed hands several times. On 22 April 1206 the bagler attacked Nidaros during wedding celebrations for <mask>’s sister Sigrid and <mask> himself only barely escaped with his life after swimming the Nidelva river in freezing temperatures. The next year, the 'birkebeiner' launched a successful attack on the 'bagler' stronghold of Tønsberg, but the war dragged on with neither side able to gain a decisive victory. In autumn of 1207, archbishop Tore of Nidaros and bishop Nikolas of Oslo, a prominent 'bagler', started negotiations for a settlement of the dispute. They succeeded in bringing about a meeting between kings Inge, Philip, and earl Haakon, at Kvitsøy in Rogaland in the autumn of 1208. A settlement was made, whereby Philip agreed to give up the title of king and his royal seal.He was to remain in control of eastern Norway with Viken, except Bohuslän, with the title of earl under king <mask>. Earl Haakon was given western Norway with Bergen, while <mask> would be the only king, overlord of Philip and Haakon and direct ruler of Trøndelag with Nidaros. To seal the treaty, Philip married king Sverre’s daughter and king Inge’s cousin, Kristina Sverresdotter. The peace treaty held for the rest of Inge’s reign. However, Philip did not respect its provisions and continued to use the title of king, maintaining his royal seal. The relationship between <mask> and his brother Haakon remained tense. When it became clear that Philip was continuing to call himself king, Haakon made attempts to have himself declared king as well, but Inge refused to accept this.Instead, an agreement was drawn up by which the brother that survived the other would inherit the other’s lands, while a legitimate son of either would inherit them both. Haakon had a legitimate son, while <mask> only had an illegitimate son, Guttorm (b. 1206) by a concubine called Gyrid. In 1214, Inge suppressed a rising by the farmers of Trøndelag; Earl Haakon was suspected of having had a hand in the rising. Open conflict between the two brothers never broke out, however, and Haakon died of natural causes in Bergen just after Christmas of 1214. Inge took over his part of the kingdom. In 1217, <mask> fell ill in Nidaros.During his illness, he appointed his younger half-brother, Skule Bårdsson, earl and leader of the army. On 23 April 1217, <mask> died. He was buried in Nidaros Cathedral. He was succeeded as king by the 13-year-old Haakon Haakonsson, an illegitimate grandson of King Sverre, who had been raised at the courts of King <mask> and Earl Haakon since they became aware of his existence in 1206. Skule continued as earl and de facto ruler for the next few years. Appraisal of Inge
Many historians have seen Inge as a rather weak king. He never achieved control over all of Norway, and agreed to a power-sharing with the bagler, which he stuck to even though Philip broke the agreement by continuing to style himself as "king".As a reaction to such views, others have claimed that <mask> was a strong ruler, in that he was able to withstand the pressure of the more war-like among the birkebeiner and put a halt to the destructive civil wars for a time. The bagler sagas - a contemporary source - describes Inge as a quiet and calm man, who shied away from feasting and preferred to spend his time in his own quarters with close friends - a character trait which was held against him by some of his men. His health was weakened following his near brush with death during the attack on Nidaros in 1206. Sources
Main sources for <mask>'s reign are the bagler sagas, which were written during and shortly after his reign. Inge is also mentioned less extensively at the start of Håkon Håkonsson's saga. The first Norwegian royal letter to survive dates from the days of Inge's reign, however, it was written by Inge's rival Philip. 1185 births
1217 deaths
13th-century Norwegian monarchs
Norwegian civil wars
House of Gille
Burials at Nidaros Cathedral

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title: Alan Bilton

texts:
<mask>  is a British academic and novelist. His debut novel, The Sleepwalker's Ball, was published in May 2009 by the small independent Welsh press Alcemi. As an academic working for the American Studies department of the University of Wales, Swansea, his areas of expertise and interest are 20th-century / Contemporary American Fiction,
American Film (especially Silent Cinema), Modernism, Postmodernism and Psychoanalysis (particularly the works and theories of Sigmund Freud). Personal life and academic career
<mask> was born in York in 1969. He attended Stirling University in the late 1980s to study for his undergraduate bachelor's degree in English and Film in 1991. It was his time at Stirling that he was to draw upon for inspiration for his first novel, remarking in a 2009 interview that:

"I went there this rather backwards, lazy, dreamy, um, idiot really, and I found out so much – all sorts of European films, modern art, books that seemed to have been written with me especially in mind. But at the same time, I was there in the late eighties and the town itself was very run-down, depressed, violent at the edges.It was the era of Thatcher and the Poll Tax, and there was real anti-student, anti-English feeling – so there I was, feeding my head with all these incredible arty things, and there was this working-class town mired in depression and unemployment, an almost overwhelming sense of greyness and lethargy. And this was a source of real tension... I was watching a lot of European movies – all the New Wave films, especially Truffaut who's also quite light-hearted about very sad things – and reading a lot of East European fiction too – the late eighties were a golden age for translated fiction from the old Soviet bloc, what with the wall about to fall. Thus I loved all those Czechs – Milan Kundera, Josef Skvorecky, especially Bohumil Hrabal – who took depressing Soviet reality and transformed it into something surreal, playful and alive." Upon completing his bachelor's degree at Stirling, <mask> moved on to the University of Manchester where he completed his PhD on 'Word and Image in The Novels of Don DeLillo’ in 1995, after initially starting a project on Kurt Vonnegut and changing his mind midway through researching it. He joined the American Studies Department at the University of Wales, Swansea in 1996. After twelve years with the department, he was made deputy head of the department in 2008 as it was merged into the broader spectrum of the department for International Relations.In 2010, with the downsizing of the American Studies department as part of a wider shakeup of the humanities at Swansea, <mask> has recently begun a move to the English department, in which he will teach literature and creative writing modules while still doing occasional American Studies modules in cinema and contemporary American fiction. However, with the future of the American Studies department still uncertain, there is every possibility that <mask> will continue to moonlight as a lecturer and marker for the department. Among the writers <mask> teaches in his Contemporary American Fiction class are Cormac McCarthy, Douglas Coupland, Paul Auster, Junot Diaz, Jonathan Safran Foer, and Jennifer Egan. The Sleepwalker's Ball
Bilton's debut novel, The Sleepwalkers' Ball, was officially be launched on 29 April 2009 at the smallest cinema in Wales, La Charrette at the Gower Heritage Centre, Park Mill. Readings from the book were accompanied by two silent Buster Keaton films: The High Sign and Sherlock Junior. DM Thomas, author of The White Hotel, said of the novel: "<mask>'s artfully-interwoven narratives, part zany city guide, part silent film, creative an imaginative whole which is poetic, inventive, surprising and pulsating with life". The plot of the novel consists of "...four inter-connected stories, all set in the same strangely black and white Scottish town, and these stories gradually link up to tell a tragic-comic tale of lost love and the perils of dreaming."<mask> describes the novel thus: "turn [ing] my own experiences into a kind of painting or a silent film or a poem...for me the town [in the novel] is Stirling in central Scotland where I was a student for four years and where an awful lot happened to me – falling in love, discovering art, movies, books – discovering the world really. And all this autobiographical stuff provides the real emotional colouring of the book." The Known and Unknown Sea
Following the publication of The Sleepwalker's Ball, <mask>'s attention turned to ideas for a follow up. However, work on the novel was delayed while he worked towards completing Constantly Moving Happiness Machines: Silent Film Comedy & American Culture, an academic non-fiction book on "silent film comedy with chapters on all the key figures – Chaplin, Keaton, Fatty Arbuckle, Harry Langdon, Mabel Normand – connecting slapstick comedy to American culture in the 1920s, especially consumerism, mass consumption and the idea of Hollywood as the dream factory." However, by late August 2009, he was "20,000 words into the first draft" of his second novel. Limited details about the novel have emerged, including the title and some basic information about the plot, with its protagonist being a remarkably intelligent and precocious young child, and the novel being set in a mysterious coastal town opposite an island obscured in mist, from which no visitors have ever returned. There is currently no definite information regarding the novel's publication.Influences
<mask> largely draws upon the influence of silent film ("When I was little I loved Charlie Chaplin and Laurel and Hardy, and then later on I discovered Buster Keaton and Harold Lloyd and I adored them all. "), Eastern European fiction and DM Thomas. However, when asked whether his academic work on American fiction feeds into his own fiction writing, and indeed whether he read much contemporary British fiction, he stated:

"I'm very, very fortunate these days to teach the things I like, so I guess I'm drawn to books and films that touch upon the things which mean the most to me. But I have written and studied all sorts of different things. My PhD thesis, for example, was on Don DeLillo, a writer who I think I have nothing in common with at all...The embarrassing truth is that I don't actually read much British fiction. I love Kazuo Ishiguro for his voice...Oh, and the much-maligned D.M. Thomas deserves some credit too, for The White Hotel and Freud and the idea of writing books that only deal with poetic intensity without all the mechanics of so-called believable realistic writing.But really, American and European sources inform the book much more than British ones. I unconsciously stole the idea of our hero unable to find his own home in 'Our Grand Tour' from Paul Auster's New York Trilogy and all the laundry and the spectral, ghostlike figures wandering the streets comes straight from Gogol. But film was just as important to the book – and silent film in particular." Bibliography

 An Introduction to Contemporary American Fiction (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press) US edition: (2003, New York: New York University Press). The American 1920s: Literary sources and Documents, Vol One: The Cultural Condition, Vol Two: Voices of Modernity, Vol Three: An Age of Performance (2004,Co-editor with Philip Melling, Robertsbridge: Helm Information). The Sleepwalkers’ Ball (2009, Aberystwyth: Alcemi) debut novel
 Constantly Moving Happiness Machines: Silent Film Comedy & American Culture (Forthcoming; about silent film comedy in America)
 The Known and Unknown Sea (Forthcoming second novel)

References

Academics of Swansea University
People from York
Living people
Alumni of the University of Stirling
Alumni of the University of Manchester
21st-century British novelists
British male novelists
21st-century British male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

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title: Andrei Grechko

texts:
<mask> (;  – 26 April 1976) was a Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union and Minister of Defense. Biography
Born in a small town near Rostov-on-Don on 17 October 1903, the son of Ukrainian peasants, he joined the Red Army in 1919, where he was a part of the "Budyonny Cavalry". After the Russian Civil War, <mask> was enrolled into the 6th Cavalry College in the city of Taganrog, which he graduated in 1926. He joined the Communist Party in 1928, and graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1936. He next attended the Soviet General Staff Academy, graduating in 1941, just a few weeks before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. <mask>'s first command during World War II was of the 34th Cavalry Division, which put up a valiant fight around Kremenchug (near Kyiv) in Ukraine. On 15 January 1942, <mask> was put in command of the 5th Cavalry Corps.Starting 15 April 1942 and lasting until 16 October 1943, <mask> was placed in command of 12th Army, 47th Army, 18th Army, and 56th Army. All of these units were part of the North Caucasus Front, and <mask> led them all with distinction. In October 1943, <mask> was promoted to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of 1st Ukrainian Front. Then, on 14 December 1943, he was made the Commanding General of 1st Guards Army, a position he held until the end of the war. The First Guards Army was a part of the 4th Ukrainian Front, which was led by Col.-Gen. Ivan Yefimovich Petrov. <mask> led the 1st Guards in a number of offensive operations, predominantly in Hungary and into Austria. After the war, <mask> was the Commanding General of the Kyiv Military District, until 1953.Between 1953 and 1957, <mask> was the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in East Germany. On 11 March 1955, <mask>, along with five other high-ranking colleagues, all of whom had gained recognition during World War II, was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. From 1957-1960, <mask> was the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, and from 1960–1967, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Warsaw Pact Forces). On 12 April 1967, <mask> was made the Minister of Defense, taking over shortly after Marshal Rodion Malinovsky died. <mask> served in this capacity until his death in 1976. During the 1970s, <mask> served as the chairman of the editorial commission that produced the official Soviet history of the Second World War. <mask> was an active member in the Communist Party, and was a member of the Politburo.As Minister of Defense, <mask> helped modernize the Soviet Army, and was greatly responsible for maintaining the military strength of the Soviet state. As Defense minister, <mask>'s most notable idea was his assumption that a Third World War would always go nuclear at some point, and as such he planned that if World War III did begin, to launch all-out nuclear strikes against the NATO nations the moment that the war began. For <mask>, nuclear weapons would be weapons of first resort in a world war, not weapons of last resort. The urn containing his ashes is buried by the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

masks:
Andrei Antonovich Grechko
Grechko
Grechko
Grechko
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Grechko
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title: Adèle Haenel

texts:
<mask> (; born 11 February 1989) is a French actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two César Awards from seven nominations and one Lumières Award from two nominations. <mask> began her career as a child actress, making her film debut with Les Diables (2002) at the age of 12, and quickly rose to prominence in the French entertainment industry as a teenager. She received her first César Award nomination for her performance in Water Lilies (2007), which also marked the beginning of her long professional and personal relationship with director Céline Sciamma. In 2014, Haenel received her first César Award for her supporting role in Suzanne, and in 2015 won the César Award for Best Actress for Love at First Fight. She continued to garner recognition for her performances in BPM (Beats per Minute) (2017), The Trouble with You (2018) and Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019). Early life
Haenel was born on 11 February 1989 in Paris.Her mother is a teacher and her father is a translator. She grew up in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis in what she described as "a very left-wing, artistic neighborhood". She has Austrian heritage through her father and speaks fluent German. Haenel started acting at the age of 5 and was involved in local theatre. As a child, Haenel would mimic cartoon characters, particularly the characters of Tex Avery. Haenel studied economics and social sciences at the Lycée Montaigne. She had planned to attend HEC Paris and took a preparatory course, but ultimately failed the entrance exam.Haenel continued her studies in economics and sociology, eventually receiving a master's degree. She also pursued studies in physics and marine biology. Career
<mask> made her film debut in 2002 at the age of 12, playing an autistic girl in the Christophe Ruggia film Les Diables. She had been chosen for the lead role after accompanying her brother to the audition. After Les Diables, Haenel took a five-year break from acting. In 2007, she was persuaded by casting director Christel Baras (who had cast her in her film debut) to resume her film career, taking up the part of a synchronised swimmer in Céline Sciamma's debut feature Water Lilies. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times highlighted <mask>'s performance in an otherwise mixed review of the film, recognizing her as having "the makings of a real star".For her role in the film, <mask> was nominated for the César Award for Most Promising Actress in 2008. In 2012, she was nominated in the same category for House of Tolerance (2011), a period film directed by Bertrand Bonello, in which she played a prostitute at an upscale Parisian brothel at the turn of the twentieth century. She also received the Lumières Award for Most Promising Actress along with her co-stars Céline Sallette and Alice Barnole. Haenel played one of the two sisters in Katell Quillévéré's Suzanne (2013), for which she received the César Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2014, <mask> starred in the Thomas Cailley romantic comedy Love at First Fight as Madeleine, a graduate-school dropout and survivalist. She won the César Award for Best Actress for her performance. In the same year, Haenel co-starred with Catherine Deneuve in André Téchiné's crime drama In the Name of My Daughter, playing the daughter of a casino owner.Writing for The Village Voice, Melissa Anderson compared her performance to that of Isabelle Adjani's in the 1970s and '80s, and declared her a worthy successor to Deneuve in French cinema. For her roles in both films, Hanael received a Best Actress nomination at the 20th Lumières Awards. In 2016 <mask> made her German language debut in the film The Bloom of Yesterday playing the French descendant of German Holocaust survivors. In the 2017 Robin Campillo film BPM (Beats per Minute), Haenel portrayed Sophie, a headstrong HIV/AIDS activist of the Paris chapter of ACT UP. She received a nomination for the César Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. <mask> starred in the 2018 Pierre Salvadori crime comedy The Trouble with You, playing a widowed detective based on the French Riviera. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter noted her performance as evoking the "classic screwball heroine", a departure from her usually more serious roles, and complimented her on the "grace and buoyancy" she brought to the character.She was again nominated for the César Award for Best Actress. In 2019, Haenel appeared in three films which played at the Cannes Film Festival: Quentin Dupieux's Deerskin, Aude Léa Rapin's Heroes Don't Die, and Céline Sciamma's Portrait of a Lady on Fire. In Portrait of a Lady on Fire, Haenel portrayed Héloïse, a young aristocrat in 18th-century Brittany who is to be married off to a nobleman from Milan. The New Yorker'''s Richard Brody took note of her chemistry with co-star Noémie Merlant and complimented the actresses for being "relentlessly graceful, endowed with physical aplomb, contemplative insight, and strong emotion". A. O. Scott of The New York Times considered Haenel's performance worthy of an Oscar nomination for Best Actress, and Bilge Ebiri of Vulture described the climax of the film (which features Haenel) as "one of the finest pieces of acting and one of the most moving images I’ve seen in eons." <mask> was nominated for the César Award for Best Actress for her performance, her seventh César nomination. Since 2019, Haenel and co-star Ruth Vega Fernandez have prepared to perform director Gisèle Vienne's adaptation of Robert Walser's L'Etang (The Pond) for theatres in France and Switzerland.After performances were repeatedly delayed or cancelled by restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the play made its world premiere at the Théâtre Vidy-Lausanne in Switzerland in May 2021. Personal life
In 2014, Haenel came out as a lesbian during her César award acceptance speech and acknowledged her relationship with director Céline Sciamma, whom she met on the set of Water Lilies. The couple amicably split in 2018, before they began work on Portrait of a Lady on Fire. <mask> and Sciamma have remained close after the end of their relationship. Haenel identifies as a feminist. She is a prominent face of France's #MeToo movement, and was the first prominent actress to speak publicly about abuse within the French film industry. In a November 2019 Mediapart interview, Haenel accused director Christophe Ruggia of sexually harassing her from the time she was 12 to 15 after casting her in his film Les Diables.Following the experience, she considered abandoning acting altogether. <mask>'s account was backed up by many people who had worked on the film and noted Ruggia's inappropriate behaviour towards her, along with letters he had written her at the time proclaiming his love for her. As a result Ruggia was expelled from the Société des réalisateurs de films, the guild for French directors. Though Haenel had explicitly chosen not to go to the police with her accusations, citing the justice system as "usually condemning so few sexual offenders" and "only one rape out of a hundred" and stating that "the justice ignores us, we ignore the justice", the publicity garnered by her interviews about the abuse led the Paris prosecutor's office to announce they were investigating Ruggia. Haenel later changed her mind about working with the police and officially filed a complaint against Ruggia in late November 2019. In January 2020, the police officially charged Ruggia with sexual aggression against a minor by a person of authority and sexual harassment. On 28 February 2020, <mask>, along with Noémie Merlant, Céline Sciamma and Aïssa Maïga, walked out of the 45th César Awards ceremony after Roman Polanski, who was convicted of raping 13-year old Samantha Geimer, won the award for Best Director for his film An Officer and a Spy''.As Haenel left, she waved her fist and shouted "La honte!" (“Shame!”), and after exiting the auditorium, she was filmed clapping sarcastically and shouting "Bravo la pédophilie!" ("Bravo, paedophilia!"). Filmography

Theatre

Bibliography

Essays

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
French film actresses
French television actresses
21st-century French actresses
French people of Austrian descent
Actresses from Paris
French stage actresses
French people of German descent
Most Promising Actress Lumières Award winners
Best Supporting Actress César Award winners
Best Actress César Award winners
LGBT actors from France
Lesbian actresses
French feminists
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Adèle Haenel
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title: Idris Elba

texts:
<mask>  (; born 6 September 1972) is an English actor, producer and musician. He is known for roles including Stringer Bell in the HBO series The Wire, DCI John Luther in the BBC One series Luther, and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, winning one, and has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award. <mask> appeared in Ridley Scott's American Gangster (2007) and Prometheus (2012). <mask> portrayed Heimdall in Thor (2011) and its sequels Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Thor: Ragnarok (2017), as well as Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018). He also starred in Pacific Rim (2013), Beasts of No Nation (2015), for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for Best Supporting Actor, and Molly's Game (2017). In 2016, he voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia, Shere Khan in the live action/CGI adaptation of The Jungle Book, Fluke in Finding Dory, and played the role of Krall in Star Trek Beyond.He made his directorial debut in 2018 with an adaptation of the 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley. In 2021, he portrayed Bloodsport in The Suicide Squad, set in the DC Extended Universe. Aside from acting, <mask> performs as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis (or Big Driis the Londoner) and as an R&B musician. In 2016, he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World. As of May 2019, his films have grossed over  at the global box office, including over  in North America, where he is one of the top 20 highest-grossing actors. Early life
<mask> Akuna <mask> was born on 6 September 1972 in the London Borough of Hackney, to <mask>, a Sierra Leonean Creole man who worked at the Ford Dagenham plant, and Eve, a Ghanaian woman. Elba's parents were married in Sierra Leone and later moved to London.<mask> was raised in Hackney and East Ham, and shortened his first name to "<mask>" at school in Canning Town, where he first became involved in acting. He credits The Stage with giving him his first big break, having seen an advertisement for a play in it; he auditioned and met his first agent while performing in the role. In 1986, he began helping an uncle with his wedding DJ business; within a year, he had started his own DJ company with some of his friends. <mask> left school in 1988 and won a place in the National Youth Music Theatre after a £1,500 Prince's Trust grant. To support himself between roles in his early career, he worked in odd jobs including tyre-fitting, cold-calling, and night shifts at Ford Dagenham. He was working in nightclubs under the DJ nickname "Big Driis" during his adolescence, but began auditioning for television roles in his early twenties. Career

Television
<mask>'s first acting role was in Crimewatch murder reconstructions and in 1994 he appeared in a BBC children's drama called The Boot Street Band.In 1995, he landed his first significant role on a series called Bramwell, a medical drama set in 1890s England. He played a central character in an episode of Season 1, an African petty thief named Charlie Carter, who lost his wife to childbirth and had to figure out how to support his newborn daughter. His first named role arrived earlier in 1995, when he was cast as a gigolo on the "Sex" episode of Absolutely Fabulous. Many supporting roles on British television followed, including series such as The Bill and The Ruth Rendell Mysteries. He joined the cast of the soap opera Family Affairs and went on to appear on the television serial Ultraviolet and later on Dangerfield. He decided to move to New York City soon after. He returned to England occasionally for a television role, such as a part in one of the Inspector Lynley Mysteries.In 2001, <mask> played Achilles in a stage production of Troilus and Cressida in New York City. In 1997 he starred in the first two episodes of series 2 “Blood, Sweat and Tears” in Silent Witness. After a supporting turn on a 2001 episode of Law & Order, <mask> landed a starring role on the 2002 HBO drama series The Wire. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> portrayed Russell "Stringer" Bell in the series, perhaps his best-known role in the United States. In 2005, he portrayed Captain Augustin Muganza in Sometimes in April, an HBO film about the Rwandan genocide. <mask> appeared on the 2007 BET special Black Men: The Truth. He appeared as Charlie Gotso on The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency, filmed in Botswana. The series premiered on 23 March 2008, Easter Sunday, on BBC One, receiving a high 6.3 million viewers and 27% of the audience share. In January 2009, it was reported by Variety that <mask> would portray Charles Miner, a new rival to Dunder Mifflin regional manager Michael Scott (Steve Carell) for NBC's The Office. <mask> appeared in a six-episode story arc later in the 2009 season as well as the season finale. In September 2009, he signed a deal to star as the lead role on the six-part BBC television series Luther, which aired in May 2010. He appeared on Showtime's The Big C in 2010. At the 69th Golden Globe Awards telecast on 15 January 2012, <mask> won the Award for Best Actor in a Series, Mini-Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television for his role on the BBC crime thriller series Luther.In April 2018, it was announced that <mask> was cast as Charlie in the Netflix comedy series, Turn Up Charlie. It premiered on 15 March 2019 and was cancelled after one season. He also created and starred in the semi-autobiographical comedy In the Long Run. Films

In 2007, <mask> signed on as the lead role of the film Daddy's Little Girls, playing Monty, a blue-collar mechanic who falls in love with an attorney helping him gain custody of his kids, and finds the relationship and his custody hopes threatened by the return of his former wife. He appeared in 28 Weeks Later (2007) and This Christmas (2007), which brought in nearly $50 million at the box office in 2007. In 2008, he starred in the horror film Prom Night and the Guy Ritchie London gangster film RocknRolla. In 2009, he starred in the horror film The Unborn and in Obsessed, a thriller that had him cast opposite Beyoncé.The latter was a box office success, taking $29 million in its opening weekend. <mask>'s next film was Legacy (2010), in which he portrayed a black ops soldier who returns to Brooklyn after a failed mission in Eastern Europe, where he has undertaken a journey looking for retribution. He starred in Dark Castle's adaptation of DC/Vertigo's The Losers, under the direction of Sylvain White, in the role of Roque, the second-in-command of a black-ops team out for revenge against a government that did them wrong. Filming took place in Puerto Rico and the movie was released in April 2010. <mask> appeared in the thriller Takers (2010). He played Heimdall in Kenneth Branagh's film Thor (2011) (based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name). In August 2010, <mask> signed up to portray the title character in a reboot of James Patterson's Alex Cross film franchise.However, in February 2011, he was replaced by Tyler Perry. In Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), the sequel to Ghost Rider (2007), <mask> played an alcoholic warrior monk tasked with finding the title character. In February 2012, <mask> confirmed that he would portray Nelson Mandela in the film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, which is based on his autobiography. As part of his preparation for the role, <mask> spent a night locked in a cell alone on Robben Island, where Mandela had been imprisoned. His performance earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. In June 2012, <mask> portrayed Captain Janek in Ridley Scott's Prometheus. He joined the cast of the film Pacific Rim (2013) in the role of Stacker Pentecost.He reprised his role as Heimdall in Thor: The Dark World in 2013. In January 2014, he confirmed that he would be starring in a film adaptation of Luther. In 2014, he starred in No Good Deed as a vengeful psychopathic serial killer. In 2015, <mask> appeared as Heimdall in the superhero blockbuster Avengers: Age of Ultron, directed by Joss Whedon. <mask> also starred alongside Abraham Attah in the film Beasts of No Nation which premiered in select theatres and on Netflix. He earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in any Motion Picture as well as a BAFTA Award nomination for Supporting Actor in the Film category. In 2016, he had several voice roles: the cape buffalo chief of police, Chief Bogo, in Disney's Zootopia, alongside Ginnifer Goodwin and Jason Bateman; villainous tiger Shere Khan in The Jungle Book (2016), a live-action adaptation of the animated 1967 film of the same name, directed by Jon Favreau; and sea lion Fluke in Pixar's Finding Dory, alongside Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, both reprising their roles from Finding Nemo (2003).Also that year, he played the main antagonist, Krall, in the sequel Star Trek Beyond. In 2017, he played Roland Deschain in the Stephen King film adaptation The Dark Tower, and starred in Aaron Sorkin's directorial debut Molly's Game, alongside Jessica Chastain. In 2019, <mask> starred as the villain in Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw, a spin-off of Fast & Furious franchise, and played Macavity in Tom Hooper's film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical, Cats. In 2021, <mask> portrayed mercenary Robert "Milton" DuBois / Bloodsport in James Gunn's The Suicide Squad. <mask> was most recently cast as the voice of Knuckles in the upcoming film Sonic the Hedgehog 2, a sequel to the film Sonic the Hedgehog, itself based on the franchise of the same name. Music

<mask> has appeared in music videos for Fat Joe (2002), Angie Stone (2004) and rapper Giggs (2010). In 2006, he recorded the four-song EP Big Man for Hevlar Records.He co-produced and performed on the intro to Jay-Z's album American Gangster (2007). He DJed at the 2007 NBA All Star parties at The Venetian and Ice House Lounge in Las Vegas. In July 2009, <mask> was the DJ for BET's current series Rising Icons. <mask> announced the release of his first single "Please Be True." In the August 2009 issue of Essence magazine, he

masks:
Idrissa Akuna Elba
Elba
Elba
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Idrissa
Elba
Winston Elba
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Idris
Elba
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title: Idris Elba

texts:
 announced the name of his six-song EP as Kings Among Kings. He released his EP High Class Problems Vol. 1 in the United Kingdom in February 2010, for which he has won many prizes including a Billboard Music Awards nomination.In 2011, he performed on the intro to Pharoahe Monch's album W.A.R.. The following year, he co-directed and performed in the Mumford & Sons music video for "Lover of the Light". In 2014, he produced K. Michelle's "The Rebellious Soul Musical" which debuted on VH1 on 19 August 2014. In May, <mask> featured on Mr Hudson's single "Step Into the Shadows". Mr Hudson also produced his album <mask> <mask> Presents mi Mandela, which was released in November 2014. He also featured on the remix of Ghanaian music group, VVIP's single "Selfie" together with Nigerian rapper Phyno released on 12 September 2014 and video released on YouTube on 11 April 2015. <mask> performed a rap for the second album by Noel Fielding and Sergio Pizzorno's band, the Loose Tapestries.<mask> also rapped in a remix of Skepta's "Shutdown" which was uploaded on 1 June 2015 to SoundCloud. On 17 August, a song was released on which <mask> appeared on Nigerian singer D'banj's single "Confidential", featuring Sierra Leonean rapper Shadow Boxer with the video uploaded to YouTube on 20 August. In November 2015, <mask> opened for Madonna during her Rebel Heart Tour in Berlin, Germany. <mask> is also featured on the Macklemore & Ryan Lewis album This Unruly Mess I've Made (2016). In July 2018, he launched his record label, 7Wallace Music. <mask> performed at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2019. In 2019, he featured on the track "Boasty" by British grime artist Wiley.<mask> also appears in the "Boasty" music video, delivering his verse in a mansion that includes a film set. In 2019, <mask> appears on Taylor Swift's song "London Boy" from her seventh studio album Lover. The intro of the song samples a snippet from an interview by Elba. In April 2020, <mask> collaborated with producer Jay Robinson on the track "Know Yourself", released on Mau5trap. In 2020, after hearing Canadian rhythm and blues singer Emanuel's debut single "Need You", <mask> reached out with an idea for a music video compiled from clips of people sharing the things that were helping them cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> was credited as creative director of the video, and is being credited as an executive producer of Emanuel's forthcoming full-length debut album. On 13 February 2021, <mask> performed a guest DJ mix for Mix Up on Australian national youth broadcaster Triple J.On 22 September 2021, <mask> announced he would be releasing a collaborative EP with Australian pop rock duo Lime Cordiale titled Cordi <mask>, which was released on 14 January 2022. <mask> also collaborated with Paul McCartney on a remix of McCartney's song "Long Tailed Winter Bird." Other works

In October 2014, <mask> presented the series Journey Dot Africa with <mask> <mask> on BBC Radio 2, exploring all types of African music. <mask> has also featured in various television commercials for Sky box-sets in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019. <mask> has collaborated with the UK Parliament in their efforts to eradicate Ebola from West Africa, working alongside the UK Secretary of State for International Development Justine Greening in 2014. <mask> has created a collaboration with British fashion label Superdry, which launched at the end of November 2015. In January 2016, <mask> addressed the UK Parliament in regards to the concern of the lack of diversity on screen.Stating, 'Change is coming but it's taking its sweet time', he spoke about the lack of diversity regarding race, gender and sexuality. <mask> hosted The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 at the London Palladium on 23 October 2017. During the show he took a selfie of "the best team in the world" which included Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo and Neymar. He had the idea to develop the music from his album <mask> <mask> Presents mi Mandela into a show, which ultimately resulted in a play called Tree that premiered at the Manchester International Festival in 2019. However, authorship of the piece was disputed. On 2 July 2019, The Guardian published a story describing how writers Tori Allen-Martin and Sarah Henley claimed to have been removed from the production under what they described as questionable circumstances. The two writers had worked on the project for four years following an approach from <mask> asking them to develop his idea for a musical based on the album, on which Allen-Martin had also collaborated.Kwame Kwei-Armah joined the project in May 2018 and rewrote part of their material. At the time of its premiere Tree was billed as "created by <mask> <mask> and Kwame Kwei-Armah". Allen-Martin and Henley described their creative input as having included research and script-writing, as well as coming up with the play's title, and that after being removed they were threatened with legal action if they went public with the story. <mask> and Kwei-Armah both published rebuttals of the writers' account of what happened on Twitter. He currently signed a deal with Apple to produce original content through his Green Door Pictures production company. In January 2021, it was reported that the companies of <mask> and his wife, Sabrina Dhowre, would be developing an Afrofuturist adult animated, and sci-fi, series, tentatively titled Dantai, for Crunchyroll, which would be about a time when biotech has "created an ever-widening gap between the haves and have-nots." Kickboxing
Discovery Channel produced a documentary, <mask> <mask>: Fighter, chronicling <mask>'s 12-month kickboxing and mixed martial arts training under Muay Thai coach Kieran Keddle, culminating in <mask>'s first professional kickboxing fight—and win—against Lionel Graves, a younger, more experienced Dutch opponent, at London's York Hall.Personal life
<mask> has been married three times: first to Hanne "Kim" Nørgaard (from 1999 to 2003) and then to Sonya Nicole Hamlin (for four months in 2006). He has two children: a daughter with Nørgaard and a son with former girlfriend Naiyana Garth. <mask> began a relationship with Somali-Canadian model Sabrina Dhowre in early 2017. The couple became engaged on 10 February 2018, during a screening of his film Yardie at an East London cinema. They were married on 26 April 2019 in Marrakesh. <mask>is Elba: No Limits, <mask> broke the land speed record for the Pendine Sands "Flying Mile" course. The Prince's Trust, a UK youth charity founded by Prince Charles in 1976, which <mask> credits with helping begin his career, appointed him as their anti-crime ambassador in April 2009. He voiced support for a vote to remain in the European Union for the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. On 16 March 2020, <mask> said he had tested positive for COVID-19 amidst the pandemic. His wife also tested positive for the virus. During his quarantine period, he noted that he has suffered from asthma all his life, thus placing him in the high risk category of the disease. Awards and honours

In 2013, <mask> was named Essences annual Sexiest Man of the Year and, in 2018, he was named People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive.In October 2014, <mask> was presented with a MOBO Inspiration Award. <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to drama. In 2017, <mask> won the male title for the "Rear of the Year" award in Britain. In September 2018, he was one of 50 people named for "making London awesome" and helping to shape London's cultural landscape who were featured in Time Out to mark the magazine's 50th anniversary. In the 2020 and 2021 editions of the Powerlist, <mask> was listed in the Top 100 of the most influential people in the UK of African/African-Caribbean descent. Filmography

 One Love
 Thor
 Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance
 Prometheus
 Pacific Rim
 Thor: The Dark World
 Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
 Avengers: Age of Ultron
 Zootopia
 The Jungle Book
 The Dark Tower
 The Mountain Between Us
 Thor: Ragnarok
 Avengers: Infinity War
 Fast & Furious: Hobbs & Shaw
 The Suicide Squad
 Sonic the Hedgehog 2

Discography
Albums
 2015: Murdah Loves John (The John Luther Character Album)

Extended plays
 2006: Big Man
 2009: Kings Among Kings
 2010: High Class Problems Vol. 1
 2014: Idris <mask> Presents Mi Mandela
 2022: Cordi <mask> (with Lime Cordiale)

Remixes
"Trust in Me"
"The Bare Necessities"

Mixtapes
 2011: Merry DriisMas Holiday Mixtape

Other appearances

 2019: "London Boy" by Taylor Swift — The intro of the song samples a snippet from an interview by <mask>.2019: "Party & BullShit" by Sarkodie – He was featured in the song
 2020: "Fear or Faith Pt. 2" by Future Utopia from the album 12 Questions. 2021: "Long Tailed Winter Bird (Idris Elba Remix)" by Paul McCartney from the album McCartney III Imagined. Featured singles

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
21st-century British male musicians
21st-century English musicians
Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners
Black British male rappers
Black British male actors
English house musicians
British people of Sierra Leone Creole descent
Club DJs
DJs from London
Electronic dance music DJs
English DJs
English expatriates in the United States
English film producers
English male film actors
English male kickboxers
English male rappers
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English music video directors
English record producers
English television producers
English people of Ghanaian descent
English people of Sierra Leonean descent
Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male winners
Male actors from London
National Youth Theatre members
NME Awards winners
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Hackney Central
People from Canning Town
People from East Ham
People of Sierra Leone Creole descent
Time

masks: Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elbadr Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba


title: Susan Ross (artist)

texts:
<mask> CM (3 June 1915 – 5 January 2006), was a printmaker, illustrator and painter from Port Arthur, Ontario who is best known for her portraits of Native and Inuit peoples. Her work is valuable both for its artistry and for its historical significance since she captured many images of a passing way of life. In 2002 she was awarded the Order of Canada in the Visual Arts. Early life
<mask> was one of four girls born to Colonel and Mrs. Harry Ruttan in Port Arthur Ontario. <mask> showed an interest in drawing at a very young age and was encouraged by her mother to take art lessons. Her art education continued through high school where <mask> began studying anatomy. An important and early influence in her life was her uncle, the documentary filmmaker Robert Flaherty, who is best known for his film Nanook of the North.Flaherty offered <mask> an example of a person who was well traveled and had lived with, and documented the lifestyle of, the Inuit people. Flaherty also provided <mask> with the means to attend the Ontario College of Art in Toronto in 1933. In 1938, in the last term of her fourth year, <mask> left before graduating to marry <mask>, a Port Arthur lawyer, and later a judge, with whom she eventually had four children. Work
 <mask> returned to Port Arthur to begin a family and also to continue with her art work. Painting in the 1940s and 1950s at Lake Superior, Rossport, and Whitefish lake, <mask> strove to be taken seriously as an artist. She signed her work "S.A. Ross" or "SARoss" because "women did not have any clout". <mask> was active in the Port Arthur Art Club which held exhibitions and juried shows at the local library, there being no public art gallery there at the time.From 1951 to 1952, <mask> taught art at Hillcrest High School. <mask> experimented with new techniques, textural effects, such as scraping-out or using tissue and glue, and mixing layers of watercolor paint between printed layers in etchings. As such her work contributed to the shift to modernism that was taking place in Canada. Although <mask> never abandoned figurative representations, her rationalized and planar compositions hint at the influence of cubism. <mask> continued her love of portraiture, painting friends and neighbors' children but eventually began to focus her efforts and inspiration on First Nations people after meeting an Ojibwa woman named Emily and seeing First Nations wild-rice harvesters at Whitefish Lake. Soon after the Second World War, <mask> had met Sheila Burnford the author of The Incredible Journey, an animal saga that Walt Disney adapted for the cinema. <mask> and Burnford would subsequently travel extensively together.Norval Morrisseau invited <mask> to Gull Bay and Armstrong to paint while he collected legends and songs and then subsequently to Big Trout Lake and finally to Sandy Lake. It was in Sandy Lake that <mask> met Carl Ray and painted his portrait among many others. <mask> and Morrisseau remained friends for many years although their friendship eventually became strained by Morrisseau's legendary drinking binges - a Morrisseau sketch entitled "<mask>" depicting their friendship is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada. <mask> returned to Big Trout Lake in 1963-65 and 1975, to Sandy lake in 1965-67 and to Little Grand Rapids Manitoba in 1967-70. <mask> then turned her sights to venues even farther north, traveling with Sheila Burnford to Pond Inlet, Baffin Island in 1970-71, to Coppermine, NWT in 1972, 1974, 1976–78, 1983, to Hollman Island NWT in 1972, 1976 and to Cape Dorset, Baffin Island in 1973, to Pangnirtung, Baffin Island in 1980, and to Rae-Edzo, NWT and Kasechewan, Ontario in 1982-83. On these trips <mask> made many friends. <mask> also encountered many challenges as would be expected in such northern and unforgiving vistas.For example, once returning to Cape Dorset from a remote island with a small group, the motor on the small boat they were traveling in failed - she and her group drifted four hours, a sail was deployed to no avail and finally gunshots were fired to elicit help from a nearby settlement - the group was finally towed to safety. <mask> took an etching workshop with Jo Manning in 1967 and acquired a printing press in 1969. She then began producing high quality etchings and, drawing on the rich array of sketches obtained on her various trips, she was able to reflect and structure many of these images more rigorously in the studio. Being the "right person at the right place in a very dramatic time in Canadian history", she was able to capture and document a period of rapid change in many northern communities. In many of these images "the human toll is recorded in the faces of individuals and in the cumulative details of daily existence". <mask> illustrated Sheila Burnford's books "Without Reserve" and "One Woman's Arctic" which document Burnford and <mask>' travels, as well as Penny Petrone's book "Fairy Tales of Isabella Valancy Crawford" and Jocelyn Square's "SHA-KO-KA". Her works were also featured on several covers of the Canadian magazine "The Beaver".<mask> was instrumental in the mounting of the first art shows for both Carl Ray and Daphne Odjig and had "served as a mentor, a source of encouragement, and a source of financial assistance to numerous artists".

masks:
Susan Andrina Ross
Susan Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Jim Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
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Ross
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Susan
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Ross


title: Kanhoji Angre

texts:
<mask>, also known as Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angré (August 1669 – 4 July 1729) was an Indian admiral of the Maratha Navy. Kanhoji became noted for attacking and capturing European merchant ships and collecting jakat known to locals as taxes seen by Europeans as ransoming their crews. British, Dutch and Portuguese ships were often victims of these raids. Despite attempts by the Portuguese and British to put an end to his privateering activities, Angre continued to capture and collect jakat from European merchant ships until his death in 1729. <mask>'s naval prowess in capturing dozens of European trading ships and avoiding capture has led to many historians to appraise Kanhoji as the most skilled Indian admiral in the maritime history of India. Early life
<mask> was born on the fort Suvarnadurg, near Ratnagari in the year 1667. His surname "<mask>" is derived from Angarwadi; the family's original name was Sankpal, and the family members before Kanhoji were known as Sankpals.Historian Sen believes that <mask>'s origin is "obscure and he certainly did not belong to the nobility of the land". Citation of the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (historical archives of the Portuguese empire) is given to show that <mask> started his life as a humble servant of some Hindus in the island of Versova. According to the family history, he was a "Kshatriya" Maratha. According to Reginald Edward Enthoven, Kanhoji had east African ancestry. Historian V. G. Dighe, in 1951, cites G. S. Sardesai's Selections from the Peshwa Daftar, and calls them "blue-blood Marathas" who "would spurn to marry in families lower than those of Deshmukhs, Jadhavs, Jagtaps and Shitoles." However, S.R.Sharma seems to agree with the Portuguese opinions and believe him to have been a "Maratha Koli captain". Historian Dr.Arunchandra Pathak, in 2007, has published details from earlier records of Kolaba districts which he considers "authentic and useful information on several aspects of the district and is considered to be of great value to administrators, scholars and general readers" and K.K.Choudhari in the late 20th century also consider it authentic.According to these records, Mr. Grose, a Bombay Civil Service Officer, who was a well-informed writer and was well acquainted with the country, and took special interest in matters connected with the Hindu religion and with Hindu castes has given information on Kanhoji's heritage. According to the editors, "The unlikeliness of the story is a strong argument in favour of its truth". Grose writes that Tukaji was an African Muslim who was born in the Gulf of Ormuz and in 1643 was shipwrecked near Cheul. He helped Shahji in the war with the Moghals and married the daughter of Shahji's minister, and their son Parab was the father of Kanhoji. This is an example of foreign warriors being admitted into the Hindu fold and marrying Hindu wives and other such examples are given in the chapter on Thana History. In 2009, modern Dutch historian Rene Barendse, specializing in South Asian history as well as history related to the Indian Ocean, summarized that <mask> Angre's origin is highly controversial. He writes:

Kanhoji grew up among Koli sailors, and learned seamanship from them.<mask>'s mother was Ambabai and his father, Tukoji, served at Suvarnadurg under Shivaji with a command of 200 posts. Little is known about his early life except that he was involved in daring exploits at sea with his father. He spent much of his childhood in the Suvarnadurg Fort, where he would later become the governor. Naval career
He was originally appointed as Sarkhel or Darya-Saranga (Admiral) by the chief of Satara in c. 1698. Under that authority, he was master of the Western coast of India from Mumbai to Vingoria (now Vengurla) in present-day state of Maharashtra, except for the property of the Muslim Siddis of Murud-Janjira who were affiliated with the powerful Mughal Empire. <mask> started his career by attacking merchant ships of the East India Company and slowly gained respect from all the European powers. In 1702, he abducted a merchant vessel from Calicut with six English sailors and took it to his harbor.In 1707, he attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight. In time, the European thought that he could capture any merchant ship except large, heavily armed ships. When Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu ascended the leadership of the Maratha Empire, he appointed Balaji Viswanath Bhat as his Senakarta (Commander) and negotiated an agreement with Angre around 1707. This was partly to appease Angre who supported the other ruler, Tarabai, who claimed the Maratha throne. As per agreement, Angre became head of the Maratha Navy. When the Maratha empire was weak, Angre became more and more independent and in 1713, an army was sent headed by Peshwa Bahiroji Pingale to control Angre, but Angre won the battle and captured and held Bahiroji Pingale as his prisoner. Angre planned to march to Satara where Chhatrapati Shahu was acting as a head of state and where Angre was requested to appear for negotiations, after which Angre was confirmed as Admiral (Sarkhel) of entire fleet.Angre was also placed as chief of 26 forts and fortified places of Maharashtra. In 1720, Angre captured the vessel Charlotte along its owner, a merchant named Curgenven who had been bound to China from Surat. Curgenven would be imprisoned for 10 years. Europeans on rolls
Angre employed Europeans, generally Dutch, to command his best vessels. He also employed a Jamaican pirate named James Plantain and entrusted him with significant responsibilities such as the chief gunner post. Angre employed Manuel de Castro, a Portuguese soldier who was about to punished by the East India Company for his failure in capturing Khanderi Island, which was controlled by <mask> Angre. Bases
 In 1698, Angre located his first base at Vijayadurg ('Victory Fort') (formerly Gheriah), Devgad Taluka, located about 485 km from Mumbai.The fort which was originally built by king Bhoj and strengthened by Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is located on the coast and has an entrance hollowed out in it to accommodate entry of a vessel from the sea. Angre created an operating base from the fortified islands of "Kolaba" at Alibaug. Khanderi and Underi off the coast of Thal, Alibaug, and attempted to levy a tax on every merchant vessel entering the harbour. He established a township called Alibag on seashore at southern tip of Mumbai. The main village at that time, was today's Ramnath. <mask> even issued his own currency in the form of a silver coin called the Alibagi rupaiya. In 1724, Angre built a port at Purnagad, located in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra.Seven guns and 70 cannonballs were found in the port. The port was also used for limited trading activities. Campaigns

<mask> intensified the attacks on European ships on the western coast of India. On 4 November 1712, his navy even succeeded in capturing the yacht HCS Algerine of the President of Bombay, William Aislabie, killing the chief of their Karwar factory, Thomas Chown, and making his wife a prisoner, not releasing the captured yacht and Mrs. Chown until 13 February 1713 for a Jakat/tax of 30,000 Rupees. The release was done along with the return of previously captured territory, hoping that the East India Company will help him in his other wars, but later Angre made an alliance with Balaji Viswanath and continued fighting the company. He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay. In 1712, he disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it.Angre eventually signed a treaty with the East India Company President Aislabie to stop harassing the company's fleet. Aislabie would eventually return to England during October 1715. After the arrival of Charles Boone as the new Governor of Bombay on 26 December 1715, Boone made several attempts to capture Angre. Instead of succeeding, in 1718 Angre captured three East India Company merchant ships, which refused due Jakat/tax and hence ransoming their crews. On 29 November 1721 a joint attempt by the Portuguese (Viceroy Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro) and the British (General Robert Cowan) to capture Kanhoji proved unsuccessful. This fleet consisted of 6,000 soldiers in four Man of war class ships led by Commander Thomas Mathews. Aided by Maratha warriors including Mendhaji Bhatkar and his navy, Angre continued to harass and plunder the European ships.Commander Matthews returned to Great Britain, but was accused and convicted of trading with the Marathas in December 1723. Also, during 1723, Governor Boone returned to Great Britain. After Boone's departure, relative calm prevailed between the British and Angre, until Angre's death in 1729. Battles

 1702 - Seizes small vessel in Cochin with six Englishmen. 1706 - Attacks and captures the Siddi of Janjira. 1707 - Attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight. 1710 - Captures the Kennery (now Khanderi) Islands near Mumbai after fighting the East India Company vessel Godolphin for two days.1712 - Captured the yacht, HCS Algerine, of the President of Bombay, Mr. Aislabie, releasing it only after obtaining a jakat/tax of Rs. 30,000. (1713)
 He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay. He disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it. 1713 - Ten forts ceded to Angre by East India Company. 1717 - Angre captures the HSC Success, bombards the Kennery Islands and Angre signs treaty with Company paying Rs. 60,000.1718 - Blockaded Mumbai port and extracted due taxes, damages as appropriate for those days. 1720 - British attack Vijaydurg (Gheriah), but are unsuccessful. 1721 - British fleet reaches Mumbai. British and Portuguese jointly attack Alibag, but are unsuccessful. 1722 - Angre attacks 4 yachts and 20 ships of an East India Company convoy near Chaul
 1723 - Angre attacks two East India Company vessels, Eagle and Hunter. 1724 - Maratha and Portugees pact. Dutch attack Vijaydurg but are repulsed.1725 - <mask> <mask> and Siddi sign a pact. 1729 - <mask> <mask> wins Palgad Fort. Death

By the time of his death on 4 July 1729, <mask> <mask> had emerged as a master of the Arabian Sea from Surat to south Konkan. He left behind two legitimate sons, Sekhoji and Sambhaji; four illegitimate sons, Tulaji, Manaji, Yesaji and Dhondji. <mask>'s Samadhi (tomb) is situated at Shivaji Chowk, Alibag, Maharashtra. After <mask>, his son Sekhoji continued Maratha exploits at sea till his death in 1733. After Sekhoji's death, <mask>'s holdings were split between two brothers, Sambhaji and Manaji, because of divisions in the family.With the Marathas neglecting naval concerns, the British soon found it easier to defeat the remnants of the kingdom. <mask> and his sons' reign over the Western coast ended with the capture of Tulaji in a joint attack on the fort of Gheriah (now Vijaydurg) in February 1756 by the forces of the British East India Company and Maratha Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. The Peshwa's half brother Shamsher Bahadur commanded the Maratha forces. Seals of Kanhoji Angre
Three seals have been known to be used by Sarkhel <mask> Angre. One during the reign of Chhatrapati Rajaram, and two during the reign of Chhatrapati Shahu. The three seals, along with their inscriptions and meaning are given below. Legacy

<mask> <mask> stands as one of the most notable admirals of the Maratha Navy who caused significant troubles to the European trading companies.<mask> is credited with the foresight that a Blue Water Navy's ultimate and strategic role is to keep the enemy engaged far from the shores of the homeland. At one time, <mask> was so successful that he attracted enterprising Europeans in his fleet as mercenaries, including one Dutchman, whom he appointed to the rank of Commodore. At the height of his power, <mask> commanded hundreds of warships and thousands of sailors at a time when the Royal Navy had little in the way of naval resources in far-away India that could significantly offset the growing strength of the Maratha Navy. <mask>'s harassment of British commercial interests and the English victory over the Portuguese at Swally led them to establish a small naval force that eventually became the modern Indian Navy. Today, a statue of Angre stands in Indian Naval Dockyard in Mumbai. While the original fort built by Angre that overlooked the Naval Docks has vanished, its boundary wall is still intact and within it lays the Headquarters of Indian Western Naval Command and is called INS Angre (Indian Naval Station Angre). The end of Angre family influences
The descendants of Angres continued to live in Kolaba till the 1840s and in 1843, the city was annexed to East India Company as per a despatch to Governor General of Bombay dated 30 December 1843.Publication of family history

Chandrojirao <mask>, a descendant of <mask> <mask> and a contemporary Jijabai of same family supported the publication of History of the Angres in 1939 at Alibag Mumbai. Tributes
 Angria Bank, a submerged atoll structure located on the continental shelf 105 km west of the coast of Vijaydurg, Maharashtra, was named after <mask> <mask>. The Western Naval command of the Indian Navy was named INS Angre on 15 September 1951 in honour of <mask> <mask>. Other important naval offices are also located at INS Angre. His statue is erected at the old Bombay Castle located within the enclave located at the Naval Dockyard, South Mumbai. During April 1999, the Indian Postal Service released a Rupee 3 stamp showing a ghurab of Kanhoji <mask>'s fleet as depicted in a c. 1700 AD painting. The old Kennery Lighthouse, on Khanderi Island which marks the southern boundary of the Mumbai Port, was renamed as Kanhoji Angre Light House.The large residential colony of Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers at Alibaug is named as " Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre Nagar". During the Malwani Jatrotsav festival in 1995 at Parel, Mumbai, a simulation of the naval battle between Angre and the East India Company fleet led by Charles Boon was conducted using remote-control wooden boats in an open tank (70' x 30'). Radio Controlled boats carved out of Teak wood and powered by high torque motors were constructed by Vivek S. Kambli and Vishesh S. Kambli. A thrilling soundtrack complemented this Audio Visual 3 Dimensional depiction of an important chapter from Maratha Naval history. The show lasted 10 days and was witnessed by thousands of Mumbai denizens. An all-weather port at Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, named as Angre port, was inaugurated on 24 April 2012 by 9th descendant of <mask> <mask>. The 2007 Hollywood film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End portrays a character named Sri Sumbahjee, a purported reference to Sambhaji, Kanhoji Angre's son.See also

 List of Koli people
 List of Koli states and clans
 Kunjali Marakkar
 Laya Patil
 Battle of Colachel
 British India

References

Bibliography

 Malgonkar, Manohar The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanhoji Angrey, Orient Paperbacks, c. 1984
 Risso, Patricia. Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Region during a Long Eighteenth Century, Journal of World History - Volume 12, Number 2, Fall 2001, University of Hawai'i Press
 Ketkar, Dr. D.R. Sarkhel <mask> Angre... Maratha Armar, Mrunmayi Rugvedi Prakashan, 1997. Maratha Navy
Admirals
1729 deaths
People of the Maratha Empire
Koli people
Indian military leaders
1669 births
People from Ratnagiri district
People from Alibag
Naval history of India

masks:
Kanhoji Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Angre
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
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Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
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Kanhoji
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title: Dmytro Salamatin

texts:
<mask> (), born on 26 April 1965 in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, is a Ukrainian politician, a People's Deputy of Ukraine (in Verkhovna Rada), the First Deputy Head of the Parliamentary Committee for Science and Education and a Member of the Budget Committee (July 2006), the General Director of the State Company for export and import of military and special purpose products and services "Ukrspetsexport"; the General Director of the State Concern "Ukroboronprom" (2010–2012), the Minister of Defence of Ukraine (from 8 February 2012 to 24 December 2012). and a Member of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (from 17 February 2012 to 24 December 2012). In January 2019 the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Office announced they were suspecting Salamatin of the crime "intentional actions aimed at ousting Ukraine from the world arms markets in favor of Russia" and thus he was suspected of "abusing his official position and committing treason in the interests of the Russian Federation." Ukrainian authorities believe that since 2013 Salamantin lives in Russia. Biography
Born on 26 April 1965, (Karaganda, Kazakh SSR). Education
Mining Department of Karaganda Polytechnic Institute with a degree in "Technology and Complex Mechanization of Underground Mining of Mineral Resources" (1989). Retraining Courses of Moscow Mining Institute with a degree in "Engineer Economist" (1991).Career
 1983—1985 – served military obligations. 1985 – miner at Kuzembaeva mine. 1989—1991 – mine foreman of mining sector at the same place. 1991—1993 – consultant of Joint Venture Company SITEK (Moscow). 1993—1994 – Commercial Director of "Russkoe Toplivo" CJSC (Moscow). 1995—1996 – Chief Expert of "ROL" CJSC (Moscow). 1996—1997 – Principal Adviser of Milder International Ltd. Company (Moscow).From 1998 – Presidential Adviser of the International Mining Congress for Interaction with Ukraine. In April 1999 moved to Ukraine where he received Ukrainian citizenship in 2004. He was twice elected as the People's Deputy of Ukraine of the Party of Regions (2006 -2011), he was the First Deputy Head of the Parliamentary Committee for Science and Education and the Member of the Budget Committee. Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc People's Deputy of Ukraine Volodymyr Stretovych claimed in April 2012 that <mask> had received Ukrainian citizenship in 2005 and thus was illegally elected into parliament in 2007. According to Central Election Commission of Ukraine member Mykhaylo Okhendovsky <mask> was legally electable in 2007, because he had been living in Ukraine the prior 5 years. The article 76 of the Constitution of Ukraine states that:

 2010 – General Director of the State Company for export and import of military and special purpose products and services. 2011 – General Director of the State Concern "Ukroboronprom”
 From 8 February 2012[2] to 24 December 2012[3] – the Minister of Defense of Ukraine in the first Azarov government.He was appointed as the Adviser to President of Ukraine Viktor  Yanukovych on 25 December 2012. He stayed his advisor until February 2014. Defence-Industrial Complex of Ukraine
The revenue from export of products of the Subsidiary Company "Ukrspetsexport" and its subsidiaries increased by 27% in 2011 and for the first time exceeded $1 bln,

This result was achieved again in 2012 when he was the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. During this time Ukraine has achieved strategic partnership with Thailand. Lot of Ukrainian APC-ZE1 was supplied to this country. Thailand also ordered the advanced "Oplot" tanks. Total amount of the contract was half a billion dollars.He reformed the whole Defense-Industrial Complex of Ukraine in 2011 in the capacity of the Director of the Subsidiary Company "Ukroboronprom". Great portion of indebtedness of the Defense and Industrial Complex enterprises was written off, ensuring the development and proceeding to repayment of arrears in salaries. Exporters were combined into the state concern with the industrial enterprises for the first time, thus enabling to increase the production rate. In the result the number of aircraft of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was doubled as early as 2012. Almost all ships and vessels of the Maritime Forces of Ukraine were repaired; navigation and communication means, new parachute systems and many others were supplied to the troops. Ministry of Defence of Ukraine
During the period of his activity as the Minister of Defence of Ukraine in 2012 the average training time of one pilot was reached 51 hours for the first time since gaining the independence, about 42000 parachute jumps were made, considerably exceeding the previous years' figures., First All-Ukrainian tank competitions, starting a real heavy training of the tank troops' specialists, were held at the initiative of the Head of Defence Agency. High mobility landing troops (airborne troops) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine had been formed on the basis of airborne and airmobile forces.Precision guided artillery round "Kvitnyk", Armoured Personnel Carrier APC4Е, 30-mm autocannon ZТМ-1 and many other models of armament were put into service. Maneuvers "Perspective 2012" were held in September – October 2012. Perspective systems of control and communication C2/C4i were firstly practiced to perfection at these maneuvers. Military delegation headed by the Minister of Defense of Ukraine visited Afghanistan. The concept of the Armed Forces of Ukraine transition to NATO standards by 2014 had been adopted, and English language training system has been introduced. Salamantin claimed in December 2012 that for the first time for many years full-strength fighting squadron appeared in effective combat strength of the Ukrainian Air Force. Due to conflicts between President Yanukovych and his inner circle in 2012 Salamantin was dismissed as Minister of Defense in December 2012.Since dismissal as Minister of Defence
<mask> moved to Russia in 2013 and according to Ukrainian authorities lives there since. They also claim that in 2015 Salamatin visited incognito the separatist Luhansk People's Republic. In January 2019 the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Office announced they were suspecting Salamatin of a crime, they suspected him of "intentional actions aimed at ousting Ukraine from the world arms markets in favor of Russia" and thus he was suspected of "abusing his official position and committing treason in the interests of the Russian Federation." Salamantin actions allegedly cost Ukraine $ 560 million. Family
Salamantin is married to Natalia. The couple has three sons (born in 1994, 1996 and 2002). <mask>’s father-in-law Oleg Soskovets was First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 1993 until 1996.Interview
Министр обороны Саламатин: Проведенную в армии и ОПК работу я бы оценил как наступление по всем фронтам

References

External links

Government of Mykola Azarov

1965 births
21st-century Ukrainian politicians
Living people
People from Karaganda
Ukrainian people of Kazakhstani descent
Russian people of Kazakhstani descent
Russian expatriates in Ukraine
Defence ministers of Ukraine
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Party of Regions politicians
Fugitives wanted by Ukraine

masks:
Dmytro Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin