title: Tobia Aoun

texts:
<mask> (December 1803 – 4 April 1871) (Tubiya, Tobias, Tubiyya, Aun, Awn) was an Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, Archbishop of Beirut, Count of Rome, Bishop of Saint-John-Acre, Knight of the French Legion of Honour, Knight of the Ottoman Order of the Medjidie, and Council Father of the First Vatican Council. He was the first Archbishop of the Maronite Catholic Archeparchy of Beirut and a much respected leader of the Maronites during the 1859–1860 conflict in Mount Lebanon. Life
<mask> was born in December 1803 in a small village along the banks of the Damour River in Lebanon, under the Maronite Patriarchy of Joseph VII Peter Tyan. In 1815, at the young age of 12, he joined the Congregation of the Virgin Mary. Three years later, at the age of 15, he joined the monastic order of the Antonins "Lebanese Maronite Order", vowing chastity, poverty, and obedience. On 30 September 1823, upon the recommendation of the monks of the monastery, he was ordained a priest by Maronite Patriarch Joseph VIII Peter Hobaish. In 1827, the same Maronite Patriarch called upon him to become his personal secretary.Satisfied with his hard work and dedication, the Maronite Patriarch requested that Aoun manage the finances of the Maronite Patriarchy, including the administration of the Maronite colleges and orphanages. On 13 March 1841, Patriarch Hobaish nominated him Maronite Bishop of Saint-John-Acre in partibus infidelium and Vicar General of the Patriarchy. Bishop Boutros Abu Karam, Maronite Bishop of Beirut since 18 November 1819, had died on 15 January 1844 thus leaving the Archbishopric of Beirut vacant. On 31 December 1844, <mask> was elected Archbishop of Beirut and installed in this archeparchy on February 9, 1845. The Maronite Patriarch's representative in Rome and Constantinople, Bishop Nicolas Murad, had been actively lobbying to become the new Archbishop of Beirut, but the Maronite Patriarch clearly confirmed Aoun as the new Archbishop. The Pope, however, suspended this confirmation upon the advice of the Apostolic Delegate, believing that neither Murad nor Aoun were suitable candidates for the Archbishopric of Beirut. A petition signed by 519 Maronite dignitaries protested the appointment of Aoun as Archbishop of Beirut, especially since Murad, they argued, had received a two-thirds majority.The French Consul in Beirut believed that the major Maronite families "favoured Murad because of his patriotism and devotion to the cause of his coreligionists". Bishop <mask> finally took possession of his chair on June 10, 1847. He would remain Archbishop of Beirut until his death. Bishop <mask> participated in two Maronite synods in electing the Patriarchs of the Maronite Church. According to Maronite procedures, the Patriarch is elected by the Maronite archbishops and bishops reunited in a synod, whereby a two-thirds majority is needed for the election to be validated. With the death of Patriarch Joseph Peter Hobaish on 23 May 1845, a synod was convened but did not meet until August due to the sectarian violence destabilizing Mount Lebanon in the early stages of the Double Qaimaqamate government. Bishop Joseph Ragi El Khazen was elected Patriarch on 18 August 1845 in Dimane and confirmed by Pope Gregory XVI on 19 January 1846.Nine years later, with the death of Patriarch Joseph IX Ragi El Khazen on 3 November 1854, Bishop <mask> participated in the synod of 12 November 1854 which elected Paul Peter Massad as Patriarch. This election was confirmed on 23 March 1855 by Pope Pius IX. Eugène Poujade, the French Consul of Beirut in the 1840s, writes the following description of Bishop <mask> in his memoirs: "The Bishop of Saint-John-Acre, Mautran <mask> (Mautran is the name the Maronites give to their bishops), was a man of roughly forty years, of an imposing figure. His eye was small but full of finesse, softness, and sincerity. He is one of the most distinguished men that I have met in the Near-East. He only speaks Arabic but his superior spirit has him realize the genius of Europe, and it is he who has played the most important role in the political affairs of Lebanon. He had once been a monk and led a rebellion against the abbot of the Convent of Saint Anthony.For his actions, he was exiled to the Isle of Cyprus by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. Since then, his exemplary conduct has allowed him to successively be named Bishop of Saint-John-Acre in partibus and Bishop of Beirut, one of the most important diocese of Lebanon due to it being the residence of the muchir (governor) and the European general consuls. I've rarely seen in a man the same high degree of simplicity, gentleness, firmness, wisdom, the elevation of the soul and genuine Christian humility". The British envoy to Lebanon Sir Hugh Rose made the following description of <mask> Aoun on 9 September 1844: "Bishop Tubia is a violent, ambitious person of a Fellah family in the mixed district. He has strong anti-Druze and Ottoman feelings...at one time I thought that he had patriotic feelings; but if he has them, they are strongly mixed up with self-interest". This of course did not stop Rose in supporting Aoun over Murad as Archbishop of Beirut; writing to Aoun upon his nomination: "I was greatly pleased to hear you have been appointed over the bishopric of Beirut". Rose, writing  to Bishop Aoun, expressed the desire that "we will always be friends".An 1862 publication on the history of Lebanon describes <mask> as "pretentious and arrogant with some people, clever and shy with others". He is described as "a real tyrant with small feet, who appears strong only when shielded far away from his enemy". Bishop <mask>n had five brothers: Abboud, Sleiman, Nasr, Shehdan, Salhab. Travels to Rome, Paris, Constantinople

On 8 June 1862, Archbishop <mask> Aoun travelled to Rome and joined over 4000 Catholic priests in the canonization ceremony of the twenty-six Catholic martyrs of Japan. He was personally received by Pope Pius IX who named him Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, awarding him a gold and silver medal. In becoming Assistant to the Pontifical Throne, <mask> <mask> immediately entered the Papal nobility as Count of Rome. In 1862, Bishop Aoun was received by Emperor Napoleon III in Paris and awarded the French Legion of Honour.That same year, he was received by Sultan Abdul-Aziz in Constantinople and awarded the Ottoman Empire's Order of Medjidjie (Nishan-i-Majidia). In 1869, <mask> <mask> returned to Rome as Council Father of the Vatican Council called upon by Pope Pius IX. The Council had just met when King Victor Emmanuel II attacked Rome and deposed Pope Pius IX. Pius IX suspended the Council indefinitely on October 20, 1870. <mask> eventually returned home, dying on Holy Week April 4, 1871. Role in 1840–41, 1845 Civil Wars

Concerning the 1840–1841 and 1845 civil conflicts in Mount Lebanon which followed the Crisis of 1840, the British envoy to Lebanon Sir Hugh Rose declared to Her Majesty's Secretary Lord Aberdeen on 17 May 1845 : "As regards the Maronite clergy, it is sufficient to say that they have organized the war...Your Lordship is already acquainted with the pecuniary aid given by Bishop Tubia for the purchase of arms. Indeed, when it is known that the Maronite Patriarch threatens to excommunicate those who do not obey the summons to go to war, all is said".On 4 May 1845, Sir Hugh Rose wrote to the British Ambassador in Constantinople, Sir Stratford Canning, stating that "the Maronite Patriarch, Bishop Tubia, and the clergy have taken a most decided line to induce the Christians to take arms". He states in the same letter that "Bishop Tubia gave 3000 piastres the other day to a village now burnt to purchase arms", as well as "a bond for 9000 piastres more for the same purpose". Aoun was responsible for drawing up a petition, signed by the Maronites, that "stated that under no circumstances whatever, would they, the Christians, ever voluntarily consent to be governed by a Turkish governor". Sir Hugh Rose explains on 12 January 1842 that "Bishop Tubia assembled the Christian deputies, both lay and clerical, and made them sign on the 10th ultimo a "Hedjé", a writing by which they bound themselves to petition the Porte for a Prince of the House of Shehab, taking, moreover, an oath, that whoever violated it should be answerable both with his life and his property to the remainder (an Arab formula)". As attested by the British Consul in Beirut Mr. Wood to Her Majesty's Secretary Henry John Temple Viscount Palmerston, Bishop Tobia played an active diplomatic role in establishing a new governing body for Lebanon following the 1840–1841 Civil War. In a letter dated 7 September 1841, Mr. Wood states: "Soon after my arrival, I received the visit of the Maronite Bishop Tubia, who was sent by the Patriarch to felicitate me, and to communicate to me the prelate's sentiments respecting the new arrangement to be made and the concessions granted by the Sublime Porte to the inhabitants of Lebanon". On 2 September 1841, the Maronite Patriarch wrote to Mr. Wood: "I send you Monsignor Tubia to converse with you, and to discuss this matter...I have again written to him, recommending him to communicate to you the impossibility of accomplishing your wishes".On 27 March 1842, Sir Hugh Rose wrote to Lord Aberdeen that "Bishop Tubia, in January, on an alarm of his arrest by the Turks, requested an asylum in my house, should it prove to be correct". Further proof of <mask> <mask>'s role as diplomatic representative of the Maronite nation is attested by Sir Hugh Rose in a letter to Lord Aberdeen dated 7 June 1844 in which Rose states that Aoun is "the agent of the Patriarch and the real agent of the Maronite people, recognized as such by his Patriarch and the Turkish authorities in the important matters of the Government of the Mountain and the indemnities". In working towards the creation of a viable government for Mount Lebanon, Bishop <mask> declared to the Ottoman authorities on 20 March 1844 that the Christian deputies he represented would never "accept the Druze government, that they would rather that their heads should be cut off than accept that Government". The British Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte Sir Stratford Canning was satisfied by the diplomatic efforts of Bishop Aoun, stating on 17 September 1843 that "the moderation of the Christian party, as expressed by Bishop Tubia, is highly gratifying to those who take a real interest in the pacification of Mount Lebanon". Bishop Aoun had also served as the Patriarch's representative in the 'Indemnity Divan' which sought to restitute financial losses and offer compensation to all claimants who had suffered material losses during the 1840–1841 Civil War. Sir Hugh Rose confirms on 28 April 1844 that "Bishop Tubia (he is not himself a claimant) and those claiming compensation in and about Djouni deny strongly that any indemnity whatever has been paid for shops or coffee-shops in Djouni". On 10 August 1843, Bishop Aoun assured Sir Hugh Rose that "it was not his wish to ruin the Druzes by any excessive payment, but they should give a reasonable satisfaction to the Christians".Sir Hugh Rose states that Bishop <mask> declared: "Let the Druze, as a first step, restore at once all the plundered personal and moveable property still in their hands; and, secondly,  let them engage to aid the building of such houses as were burnt by them. Let them do this; let them give this proof of atonement, and I will engage that the indemnification in money shall not be made a matter of difficulty by the Christians". Due to the various misunderstandings that arose during these meeting, Bishop Aoun decided to resign from his position at the Divan. Sir Hugh Rose states that both he and Mr. d'Adelbourg, the Austrian consul in Beirut, approved the Bishop's decision to resign. Though the deputies of the Divan requested that Aoun be "re-appointed, stating that he had great influence over them, and was devoted to their interests", the Ottoman authorities refused this option altogether. Sir Hugh Rose applauded this refusal, believing that "the absence of a political and violent bishop, possessing entire influence over a number of political agitators, was certainly, in the present state of affairs, much more desirable than his presence". In conclusion, it cannot be said that Sir Hugh Rose esteemed Bishop Tobia or the Maronites very much.On 9 August 1844, Rose deplored to Lord Aberdeen the "want of principle of all Arabs, both clergy and laity", stating that "they all, nearly without exception, have their price; if it is not money, it is something else". Rose affirmed in the same letter that "Bishop Tubia has given indication that his sternness is pliable; there have been secret requests on his part for permission to import corn duty free for his own house". Role in 1860 Civil War

Bishop <mask>'s role in the 1860 Civil War and its aftermath were much spoken of in the press and memoirs of the European diplomats who witnessed these events. In genuine calculated colonial strategy, their sentiments often shifted according to geopolitical alliances, with the Protestant British often at odds with the Bishop, and the Catholic French applauding his humanitarian and diplomatic efforts. The Franco-Maronite alliance, over a thousand years old, reached a culminating point in 1860 when Napoleon III dispatched 6000 French soldiers to Beirut in protection of the Maronites, essentially occupying Mount Lebanon with the approval of the Ottoman authorities. Though the French military presence would not last very long, it heightened tensions in London where British politicians were seeing the direct dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire to their geopolitical disadvantage. The possible colonization of Mount Lebanon by the French, applauded by the local Maronite clergy, was obviously contrary to British interests in the area.Khurshid Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Sidon, claimed "that at the beginning of the war, Maronite priests stirred up their parishioners by promising them that the French fleet would come to their assistance". For the Ottomans, European agents and local Maronites were responsible for enticing the war, with the ultimate goal of re-establishing a strong pro-European Christian government for Lebanon. Ultimately, the Ottomans would have no choice but to work with <mask> <mask> and the Maronite clergy in solidifying their rule over Mount Lebanon. This is best exemplified by the fact that <mask>, though attacked by the British as the prime instigator of the war,  was immediately sent to the warring villages of Mount Lebanon by the Ottoman Porte's envoy, Fuad Pasha, to restore absolute peace and order in his name. In Bishop <mask>'s archdiocese, a total of 67 churches were destroyed and 3 priests murdered in the 1860 Civil War. According to American Protestant missionary Henry Harris Jessup in Fifty-Three Years in Syria, Bishop <mask> was "the man who next to the Patriarch had done more than any other Maronite to precipitate this awful civil war". He writes of him numerous times as the "notorious Maronite Bishop Tobia".In the Missionary Herald, the official paper of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Jassup writes of Aoun on 14 March 1865 : "The Notorious Maronite Bishop came to (Baabda) with a swarm of priests, dispensing indulgences in accordance with the Pope's encyclical letter". Lord Dufferin, the United Kingdom's extraordinary envoy to Lebanon in 1860–1861, wrote to Her Majesty's Secretary of State Lord John Russell in his Correspondence Relating to the Affairs of Syria: "With regard to Bishop <mask>, who may be considered one of the chief causes of all the misery and bloodshed which has existed in the Lebanon, I would only say that his removal from the country is an absolute necessity. Unfortunately, it will be difficult to discover any direct evidence against him...(His) ambition and passion for intrigue verify one's conception of the worst specimen of a medieval ecclesiastic". Lord Dufferin, writing to Her Majesty's Secretary of State Lord Russell on 19 December 1860, stated that <mask> Aoun exercised a "sinister influence" in Lebanon, and that his "withdrawal from Beirut was insisted upon as a necessary preliminary to all chance of peace". In this dispatch, Lord Dufferin insinuates that <mask> Aoun is responsible for the 20,000 pistols imported directly into Lebanon between 1857 and 1860. He refutes the notion that the Maronites are "saintly martyrs" but rather "as savage and bloodthirsty in their traditional warfare as their pagan neighbours". On 18 January 1861, Lord Dufferin wrote Henry Bulwer, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, that during the Civil War the rebel Maronite leaders "were encouraged and countenanced in their excesses by Bishop Tobia and some of his brother ecclesiastics".In the British "Journal of the Foreign Affairs Committees" dated 4 December 1861, <mask> Aoun and the Maronite bishops are described as "unprincipled, ambitious priests", guilty of "wickedness and audacious treason". The same journal states that "It is really humiliating to hear men who call themselves the servants of Christ bellow forth the first principle of the devil: murder!". On 16 September 1860, the French general Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot wrote of Aoun: "I received today the visit of a figure who has, for many years, played a great role in all the affairs of Lebanon: it is Mgr. Tobie, Bishop of the Diocese of Beirut". An 1862 publication on the history of Lebanon states that Bishop <mask> was responsible for the conversion to Catholicism of Medjid Shehab, grandson of the famed Prince Beshir II. Having gone into exile to Constantinople with his grandfather Bashir II, Medjid had returned to Lebanon and was supported by <mask> and the Maronites as a possible candidate for governor of Mount Lebanon. In 1876, the French author and diplomat Eugène-Melchior de Vogüé wrote of "the savage and heroic figure of Bishop <mask> leading his flock to combat".References

External links
 Eintrag auf Entry at catholic-hierarchy.org
 Bishop <mask>
 Monseigneur Aoun
 Bishop <mask> and the Civil War

Lebanese Maronites
19th-century Maronite Catholic bishops
Participants in the First Vatican Council
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
1871 deaths
1803 births

masks:
Tobia Aoun
Tobia Aoun
Tobias Aoun
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Tobias Aou
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Tobias Aoun
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title: Morgaro Gomis

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 14 July 1985) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Scottish League One club Clyde. Starting his career in France, <mask> spent most of his early career in English non-League football before moving to Scottish Football League side Cowdenbeath. His performances earned him a move to Dundee United in January 2007, where he exceeded expectations and was young player of the year for 2007–08. He was part of the Dundee United side that won the Scottish Cup in 2010 and was the first African to have played 100 times for the club. He left the club when his contract expired at the end of the 2010–11 season to join Football League Championship side Birmingham City. <mask> left Birmingham City in July 2013, having made 43 appearances for the club. He then rejoined Dundee United for a season before signing for Hearts in 2014.In 2016, he was loaned to Motherwell and made 10 appearances for the club before joining Kelantan in July 2016. After spending time with Omani club Sur SC in 2018, he returned to Scotland in January 2019 for a third spell with Dundee United, and joined Falkirk for the 2019–20 season. Following his release from Falkirk in May 2021 he signed for fellow Scottish League One club Clyde. Although born in Paris and self-identifying as French, <mask> represented Senegal at international level, for whom he qualified through his Senegalese parents. Career

Early career
<mask> was at Montpellier in his youth and had unsuccessful trials with Chelsea, Freiburg and Lausanne-Sport. England
<mask> spent several years playing in English non-League football. In 2004, he signed for Windsor & Eton and featured in 18 league matches, scoring once.In January 2005, <mask> moved to Dagenham & Redbridge but the move quickly became controversial after an agent became involved in a contract row with the club. <mask> left in March 2005 without making an appearance and rejoined Windsor, playing in five matches before the end of the season. <mask> had a short stay with Barnet at the start of the 2005–06 season – where he featured in a matchday squad once as an unused substitute – but his month-to-month contract was not renewed and he moved to Lewes. He made his league debut in a 5–2 defeat of Weston-super-Mare on 15 Octoberthe club website's match report suggested that manager Steve King "may well have unearthed another little gem in <mask> <mask>, whose contribution after arriving on the field as a 55th minute substitute was key to the eventual success. "and played in fourteen Conference South matches, scoring once, during the season. Cowdenbeath
In July 2006, <mask> moved to Scotland and joined Cowdenbeath who at the time were managed by Mixu Paatelainen. While at the Central Park club, <mask> scored twice: he "floated home a delightful shot from 20 yards high into the visitors' net" in a 4–2 win against Peterhead and a stoppage-time header to secure a 3–2 win at home to Forfar Athletic.Dundee United

On 8 December, just four months after his Cowdenbeath debut, <mask> agreed a move to Scottish Premier League side Dundee United and joined in January 2007, signing until the end of the following season. Such was <mask>'s earlier-than-expected impact – manager Craig Levein had said upon signing him that he would not go straight into the first team – that he was given a two-year extension to his contract in September 2007. In January 2009, <mask> received a further extension to his contract. <mask> received the first winner's medal of his senior career as a member of the Dundee United squad that won the 2010 Scottish Cup Final against Ross County. In April 2011, manager Peter Houston indicated that he expected Gomis to leave at the end of the season because the club was unable to match the player's demands. Birmingham City
On 16 June 2011, Championship club Birmingham City completed the signing of free agent <mask> on a two-year deal. He made his debut in the Football League on the opening day of the 2011–12 season, playing the whole of a 2–1 defeat at Derby County.At home to Millwall, <mask>, described by the Telegraphs reporter as "combin[ing] industry with silky passes from his deep-lying central midfield position", played a "deliciously weighted pass" behind the defence from which Jean Beausejour crossed for Chris Wood to open the scoring. In May 2013, Birmingham confirmed that they were not going to take up their option to extend <mask>' contract, so he was to leave the club at the end of the season when his existing deal expired. Return to Dundee United
After training with the club for several weeks, <mask> rejoined Dundee United on 10 October 2013; he signed a contract until the end of the 2013–14 season. He made his first appearance on 26 October, in a 4–0 victory against St Mirren. On 12 April 2014, he came on as a substitute in the Scottish Cup semifinal at Ibrox as United defeated Rangers 3–1, progressing to the final, in which he was an unused substitute as Dundee United lost 2-0 to St Johnstone. With John Rankin and Paul Paton an established pairing in midfield, <mask> struggled for game time. He made only five starts and sixteen substitute appearances in all competitions, and was among nine players to be released by the club when their contracts expired at the end of the season.Heart of Midlothian
On 12 June 2014, <mask> signed for Heart of Midlothian on a three-year contract. He was the first signing under the management of Robbie Neilson, as well as the first signing since Hearts came out of administration. On 30 November, he was sent off in the eighth minute of Hearts' Scottish Cup fourth-round match at home to Celtic for a two-footed challenge on Scott Brown; Hearts lost the match 4–0. In February 2016, <mask> moved on loan to fellow Scottish Premiership club Motherwell until the end of the season. Kelantan
On 11 July 2016, <mask> signed for Kelantan on a one-year contract, becoming the second signing of Kelantan for second transfer window under the new head coach, Velizar Popov. On 3 December 2017, <mask> extended his contract with Kelantan for another year. Third spell at Dundee United
Gomis spent time with Sur SC of the Oman Professional League in 2018 before returning to Scotland where he trained with Dundee United.On 11 January 2019, he signed for his third spell with the club, saying that he "[was looking] forward to playing in front of the United fans again." Towards the end of his first league appearance of the new spell, a 1–0 defeat to Ayr United, he was sent off for a second yellow card. <mask> was released by United on 6 May, before the play-offs. Falkirk
On 18 June 2019, <mask> signed for Falkirk on a one-year contract. International career
In March 2009, <mask> received his first international call-up, being named in Senegal's squad for friendly matches against Oman and Iran. Having been born in France of Senegalese parents, <mask> had always considered himself to be French, but was reportedly "flattered and surprised" by the call-up. Having initially said he would consider carefully whether to accept, he later announced his decision to play for Senegal.He made his debut that week in the starting eleven against Oman, a 2–0 defeat, and played as a substitute in the 1–1 draw with Iran. Career statistics

HonoursLewesSussex Senior Challenge Cup: 2005–06Dundee UnitedScottish Cup: 2010Heart of Midlothian'
Scottish Championship: 2014–15

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Paris
French footballers
Citizens of Senegal through descent
Senegalese footballers
Senegal international footballers
Association football midfielders
Montpellier HSC players
Windsor & Eton F.C. players
Dagenham & Redbridge F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
Lewes F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
Dundee United F.C.players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Sur SC players
Kelantan FA players
Falkirk F.C. players
Isthmian League players
National League (English football) players
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
English Football League players
Malaysia Super League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
French people of Senegalese descent
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in Malaysia
Expatriate footballers in Oman
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in England
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Oman
Clyde F.C. players

masks:
Morgaro Lima Gomis
Gomis
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Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Morgaro
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
Gomis
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Gomis
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Gomis


title: Jack (Vietnamese singer)

texts:
Trịnh Trần Phương Tuấn (born April 12, 1997), he is a Vietnamese singer, songwriter, rapper, and actor. He rose to fame during his time in the hip-hop group G5R. Throughout his career, he has received many awards: three awards at the Green Wave Awards and four awards at the Zing Music Awards. In addition, he was awarded the "Best New Asian Artist of Vietnam" at the Mnet Asian Music Awards 2019 and Best Southeast Asian Act at the 2020 MTV Europe Music Awards. <mask> is recognized the highly prestigious award: the 26th Golden Apricot Blossom Award (2020) for Most Favorite Light Music Male Singer. He is also the first Vietnamese artist to win an Asian Television Awards for Best Music Video Act with "Hoa Hải Đường". Life and career

Early life and the beginning of career
<mask> was born on April 12, 1997, in Ngai Dang Commune, Mo Cay Nam District, Ben Tre Province.He graduated from the professional college in vocal major at the Department of Culture, Art and Tourism – Ben Tre College, and was a music teacher at Thanh Thoi A1 Primary School, Thanh Thoi A Commune, Mo Cay Nam. In an interview with VnExpress, he said:

<mask> used to be a member in the group G5R, an underground Vietnamese music group. He debuted in several music videos with this group, such as "Giai Dieu Mien Tay". He became popular within the underground Vietnamese music industry when he released the music video "Ve Ben Anh", however it was not as popular in V-pop. On February 19, 2019, <mask> released the song "Hong Nhan" with a music video on YouTube. Within its first week of release, the song debuted at No. 2 on Zing MP3, eventually reaching No.1. The song has more than 13 million streams on Zing MP3 and 10 million views on YouTube after one week. Due to the popularity of this song, <mask> was compared to Phan Manh Quynh and Den Vau. From there, he emerged as a music phenomenon. 2019: Cooperation with K-ICM
After the hit song "Sóng Gió", he departed from the group G5R. After that, he collaborated with music producer K-ICM and released the song "Bạc Phận" in April 2019. Together, they continued the story series of "Sống Gió" and it was widely received.Later, <mask> collaborated with producer Liam and performed the song "Sao Em Vô Tình". These ballad-oriented music products were well-received by the public. Continuing his collaboration with K-ICM, <mask> released the song "Song gio" and promoted it as the third part of "Hong Nhan". After its release, the song gained massive viewership on YouTube. The songs "Em gì ơi". Since then, his name has occupied a high position in the V-pop music scene. However, by the end of 2019, there was a rumor circulating on the Internet that he and K-ICM were at odds, and K-ICM exploiting <mask>'s labor.In response, he posted on his Facebook account that the release of "Hoa Vo Sac" was only a demo version. The song has just been recorded as a test without singing in parts. However, K-ICM voluntarily posted this song on his YouTube channel. After an interview with the content affirming "not exploiting <mask>", K-ICM received many negative reactions from the audience. 2020: Joined Nomad MGMT Vietnam
After his controversy with K-ICM, he is said to have collaborated with ViruSs to release a demo of the song "Đom đóm" on December 29, 2019. The demo reached No.1 of YouTube trending Vietnam within 4 hours. On February 17, 2020, <mask> officially announced his own YouTube channel called J97.After joining Nomad MGMT Vietnam, he released the song "La 1 Thang Con Trai" on March 10, 2020, on J97's YouTube channel in association with music producer Hoaprox. The song received positive reactions from artists and fans, with some saying that this is just the beginning of <mask>'s challenge with various types of music. In addition, he received the YouTube Silver Play Button within a few hours after he created his channel. Soon after, J97 quickly surpassed Ba Tan Vlog, becoming the fastest channel to receive the YouTube Gold Play Button in Vietnam within seven days of creating a channel. On September 22, 2020, <mask> officially released the music video of "Hoa Hai Duong". The song is mixed and mastered by <mask>. As soon as "Hoa Hai Duong" was released on YouTube, it reached 1 million views in 20 minutes.After 24 hours, "Hoa Hai Duong" became trending on YouTube in seven countries, including Taiwan, Canada, Australia, Germany, United States and South Korea, and it also led the sale of music on iTunes Vietnam. On October 6, 2020, MTV Vietnam officially announced the artists who would represent Vietnam to compete at MTV Europe Music Awards 2020 and the 2020 Asian Television Awards. <mask> overcame many singers as Duc Phuc, Hoang Thuy Linh, Han Sara, Binz, and more to become the winner of the domestic voting. On November 9, 2020, after over one month of voting process, MTV Europe called <mask> as the winner of the Best Southeast Asian Artist category by livestream, surpassing a series of names from Southeast Asia. Thus, <mask> is the fourth Vietnamese artist after My Tam (2013), Son Tung M-TP (2015) and Dong Nhi (2016) to win this award. On November 22, 2020, <mask> joined FWD Music Tour in Danang and release a demo of the song "Thứ anh cần là melody". On December 26, 2020, <mask> officially released the song Dom Dom.This was considered one of the most anticipated songs not only for <mask>'s fans but also for many V-pop followers. Dom Dom accumulated 295,556 premiere views on YouTube. The song quickly rose to No. 1 of Zing MP3 Chart within one hour and 4 minutes, setting a V-pop record in 2020. After two days of launch, Dom Dom has reaped great successes: reaching No 1 on trending of YouTube in Vietnam and entering the top trending in many other countries: top 9 in Taiwan, top 28 in Germany, top 24 of YouTube Trending worldwide and top 2 in iTunes Vietnam. At the Zing Music Awards 2020 held on January 7, 2021, <mask> won 2 awards, Most Popular Male Artist and Most Favorite Dance/Electronic Song with the song Hoa Hải Đường. On January 14, 2021, at the 26th Golden Apricot Blossom Awards (Mai Vang) Ceremony, <mask> was named as the winner of the Most Favorite Light Music Male Singer Act.This is the first Golden Apricot Blossom Award in his singing career. On January 16, 2021, the 2020 Asian Television Awards Organizing Committee named <mask>'s Hoa Hai Duong as the winning MV in the Best Music Video category. This is the second international award after the MTV EMA that <mask>
Tuan's stage name "<mask>" was inspired by his father's love to movie star <mask>. <mask>'s most prominent music products include "Hong Nhan", "Bac Phan" and "Sóng gió" which is a blend of pop, electronic music, and Vietnamese folk music. In an interview with Zing News, <mask> asserted that his songs are "a sadness of nostalgia combined by Chinese and Vietnamese music". Regarding his vocal, he is judged by the public to have a unique vocal.<mask> himself once admitted that he "can sing songs that he has in tune with in terms of genre, lyrics, melody or story." Writing on Vietnamnet, the journalist Le Thi My Niem evaluated about <mask>:

Zing News journalist Quang Duc evaluated about <mask>'s music in 2020:

Public image
On September 23, 2020, Vivo Vietnam officially announced <mask> to become the brand ambassador for Vivo V20. <mask> said:

On October 5, 2020, PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds Mobile Vietnam officially announced that <mask> will be the brand ambassador in Vietnam. <mask> will cooperate with PUBGM to do meaningful things for his fan community in particular and the society in general, starting with a fundraising project for the Vietnam Children's Fund called "Road Running To Morning". This is also an affirmation of <mask> not to be only as a talented singer, but also a person who has a positive influence on society. On December 3, 2020, YouTube Vietnam announced 3 trending charts: Top 10 Most Featured Videos 2020, Top 10 Most Featured Music Videos 2020 and Top 10 Most Featured Videos Creators in 2020, in which, in the category of Top 10 Most Featured Music Videos, there were two of his music videos "Hoa Hai Duong" and "La 1 Thang Con Trai" respectively ranked at No.6 and No.2. On December 9, 2020, Google Vietnam announced The Google's Year in Search 2020 with many search topics.With two songs "Hoa Hai Duong" and "Song Gio" in the 'Top 10 Most Featured Songs of the Year', <mask> personally ranked 3rd in Top 10 Most Searched People of the Year. <mask> was the most prominent singer in 2020 with the great interest from the Vietnamese public. Other ventures

Philanthropy
On March 28, 2020, <mask>'s mother presented at the Cultural Center of Ben Tre to donate 100,000,000₫ for the COVID-19 prevention support. In addition, <mask> also transferred 50,000,000₫ to the fans' fund to support the fight against drought at his hometown. Then, on August 13, 2020, he donated for Da Nang 200,000 medical masks to support the COVID-19 prevention. Copyright controversies
The song released in 2019 in collaboration with his K-ICM, "Em Gì Ơi", was accused of plagiarizing a Thai children's song titled "ฝนเทลงมา" by channel พอดี ม่วน STUDIO on YouTube. Then, in 2021, this song continued to be accused of being similar to the first measures of the song "Vì ai em ra đi?"by Akira Phan. "Đom đóm" was believed to have been copied from the song "Blue and white porcelain" (青花瓷) by Jay Chou

Demo song "Thứ anh cần là melody" (now is the chorus of the song "LayLaLay") was suspected of plagiarizing the song "It Ain't Me" by Kygo featuring Selena Gomez and the chorus of the song "Read My Mind" by The Killers. Personal life
On August 7, 2021, a post along with many audio recordings and an image of a stamped birth certificate of a woman named Thúy Vy accused <mask> of having multiple sexual relationships and had a child with his ex-girlfriend Thiên An – who starred with him in music video "Sóng gió" in 2019, went viral online. The next day, Thiên An confirmed it on her Facebook account. On August 10, 2021, <mask> posted a status on his fan page, admitted having a voluntary relationship with Thiên An. He apologized to his fans and promised to take responsibility for this incident. Discography

Singles

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> on Instagram
 <mask> on TikTok
 Official Youtube Channel
 Group FanClub Official of <mask>

1997 births
Living people
Vietnamese idols
Vietnamese pop singers
21st-century Vietnamese male singers
Vietnamese songwriters
People from Bến Tre Province
MTV Europe Music Award winners

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title: Josh Abrahams

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<mask> (born 1968 in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia) is an Australian musician who emerged from the underground dance music scene in the early 1990s. He has performed and recorded under the stage name Puretone, and is also known as The Pagan and Bassliners. <mask> is a composer, producer, bass guitarist and electronica artist and has worked as a writer, music director and producer on albums and film soundtracks, and in television and theatre. His single, "Addicted to Bass", with singer Amiel Daemion, peaked at No. 15 in February 1999. Biography
<mask> was born in 1968 in Melbourne and started as a bass guitarist and singer in covers band Havana Moon in 1990. 1990-1995: Future Sound of Melbourne

In 1990, <mask> formed the techno group, Future Sound of Melbourne (FSOM) with drum and bass producer Davide Carbone and acid house DJ Steve Robbins.They released a number of singles and EPs on the Shock Records imprint, Candyline Records in Australian and released tracks on Belgium's underground dance-music label, Two Thumbs Records. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1996, Future Sound of Melbourne won the ARIA Award for Best Dance Release for their album, Chapter One. During this period, Abrahams also released several dance singles under various artist names including The Pagan and Bassliners. In 1995, Abrahams left Future Sound of Melbourne to become a solo artist,

1996-2001: solo career, "Addicted to Bass" and Sweet Distorted Holiday

In 1996, <mask> was signed to Carl Cox's label Ultimatum and released his debut album The Satyricon to critical acclaim. The album did not chart into the ARIA Top 50, although a track from the album, titled "The Joker", appeared on the soundtrack for the film Hackers. After briefly creating a pop band called The Edison Project and releasing the single "Don't Be Afraid", <mask> returned to solo work and signed to Festival Records in Australia in 1997. Film director Baz Luhrmann became interested in <mask>' work, and asked him to co-produce some tracks for Luhrmann's album Something for Everybody, one of which became the 1998 UK No.1 single, "Everybody's Free (To Wear Sunscreen)". In 1998, <mask> released his second studio album, Sweet Distorted Holiday which included the song, "Addicted to Bass", with Amiel Daemion which was released in October 1998 and peaked at No. 15 on the ARIA singles chart. The third single, "Headroom", another collaboration with Daemion, peaked outside the ARIA Top 100. Abrahams also had top 50 chart success in New Zealand. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1999, Abrahams set the record for the number of ARIA nominations for an independent artist with six nominations, winning two. In 2000, Abrahams released "Rollin'", which peaked at number 58 in Australia.2001-2008: Puretone, and Film, television and theatre
In 2001, Abrahams produced songs for Daemion, including the platinum selling single "Lovesong" and the gold selling album Audio Out. In 2001, Abrahams collaborated with Baz Luhrmann and co-produced the Moulin Rouge film soundtrack. In 2002, Abrahams composed and produced original music for a feature film by Paul Currie called One Perfect Day, set in the Melbourne dance music scene

In 2002, Abrahams changed his stage name and began releasing music under Puretone, to avoid confusion with similarly named US record producer, <mask>. Puretone, released "Addicted to Bass" internationally, which peaked at No. 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Puretone released "Stuck in a Groove", once again featuring Daemion on vocals, which peaked at No. 26. in the UK.Both tracks were taken from Puretone's studio album, Stuck in a Groove. In 2003, <mask> wrote and produced the original music score for the movie One Last Ride, produced by Academy Award-winning director Ang Lee. He began composing music for television commercials, such as the 'Go for It Girl' campaign for Portmans clothing, a song entitled "Melt with You" for Baileys Irish Cream and the LG technology campaign. In 2005, TV jingles were Abrahams' main focus, along with writing more of his own original music. In 2007, he composed, arranged and recorded large-scale orchestral jingles for a series of three TV commercials for Ask Dot Com. In 2009, he arranged and recorded a version of "My Favourite Things" for a series of Dove TV commercials, and in 2010 he composed and recorded the theme song for the global Tourism Australia advertising campaign. <mask> was the music director and pianist in The Soubrettes' Cabaret Tingel Tangel at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2004.He spent July and August 2006 running the nightclub in the first Spiegeltent (a travelling European music and theatre venue) to tour in the USA, then returned to this venue as music director for the theatrobatic show Desir, premiering in the New York Spiegeltent in August 2008. In 2008, <mask> teamed up with Kaz James, co-writing and producing seven songs for his debut solo album If They Knew. 2009-present: S:amplify

In 2009, <mask> reunited with his friend Davide Carbone and together they formed the music production house s:amplify. Under this new moniker, <mask> and Carbone teamed with Carl Cox to co-write and co-produce Cox's album All Roads Lead to the Dancefloor, released in 2012. This trio also provided remixes for Moby, Miguel Bosé and Gilles Peterson, among others. As part of s:amplify, <mask> and Carbone provided complete sonic branding packages for Melbourne TV network Channel 31, and the Melbourne public transport company Metro Trains Melbourne, as well as composing music for Tourism Australia, Alienware, and the International Cricket Council. S:amplify have also produced several tracks for various artists including the recent cover version of "Wuthering Heights" by Robyn Loau.In 2011, s:amplify were featured on the front cover of the April issue of Music Tech magazine and released two sound design packs through Loopmasters which have received several positive reviews. S:amplify also provided the sound design for the Japanese synthesizer KDJ One and were appointed musical directors for the City of Sydney New Year's Eve fireworks show. The 2011/2012 12-minute NYE Fireworks show on Sydney Harbour showcased 24 Australian songs including original composition from Abrahams and Carbone. Since around 2015, <mask> has been working with Johnny "Galvatron" as part of the video game studio Beethoven & Dinosaur to compose music for The Artful Escape. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Awards

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Abrahams has won two awards from six nominations. |-
| rowspan="6"| 1999
| rowspan="2"| "Addicted to Bass"
| Single of the Year
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| Best Video
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| rowspan="3"| Sweet Distorted Holiday
| Best Male Artist
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| Best Dance Release
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| Best Independent Release
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| <mask> for Sweet Distorted Holiday
| Engineer of the Year
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APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually.<mask> has been nominated once. |-
| 1999
| "Addicted to Bass"
| Song of the Year
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|-

See also
List of number-one dance hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the US Dance chart

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Australian dance musicians
Australian electronic musicians
Australian record producers
Musicians from Melbourne

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title: Ryan O'Neal

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<mask>'Neal (born April 20, 1941) is an American actor and former boxer. O'Neal trained as an amateur boxer before beginning his career in acting in 1960. In 1964, he landed the role of Rodney Harrington on the ABC nighttime soap opera Peyton Place. The series was an instant hit and boosted O'Neal's career. He later found success in films, most notably Love Story (1970), for which he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations as Best Actor, Peter Bogdanovich's What's Up, Doc? (1972) and Paper Moon (1973), Stanley Kubrick's Barry Lyndon (1975), Richard Attenborough's A Bridge Too Far (1977), and Walter Hill's The Driver (1978). From 2005 to 2017, he had a recurring role in the Fox television series Bones as Max, the father of the show's protagonist.Early life
O'Neal was born in Los Angeles, California, the eldest son of actress Patricia Ruth Olga (née O'Callaghan; 1907–2003) and novelist and screenwriter Charles O'Neal. His father was of Irish and English descent, while his mother was of paternal Irish and maternal Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. His brother, Kevin, is an actor and screenwriter. O'Neal attended University High School in Los Angeles, and trained there to become a Golden Gloves boxer. During the late 1950s, his father had a job writing on a television series called Citizen Soldier, and moved the family to Munich, where O'Neal attended Munich American High School. Career

TV roles and early work
In Germany, O'Neal was struggling at school so his mother pulled some favors and got him a job as a stand-in on a show being shot in the area, Tales of the Vikings. O'Neal worked on it as an extra and stuntman and became interested in acting.O'Neal returned to the US and tried to make it as an actor. He made his first TV appearance guest starring on The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis episode "The Hunger Strike" in 1960. He followed this with guest shots on The Untouchables, General Electric Theater, The DuPont Show with June Allyson, Laramie, Two Faces West, Westinghouse Playhouse (several episodes), Bachelor Father, My Three Sons, Leave It To Beaver episode "Wally Goes Steady" in 1961 and The Virginian. He was under contract to Universal but they let it lapse. 1962–1963: Empire
From 1962 to 1963, O'Neal was a regular on NBC's Empire, another modern-day western, where he played "Tal Garrett" in support of Richard Egan. It ran for 33 episodes. In 1963, the series was revived as Redigo but O'Neal turned down the chance to reprise his role.When the series ended, O'Neal went back to guest-starring on shows such as Perry Mason and Wagon Train. 1964–1969: Peyton Place and The Big Bounce
In 1964 he was cast as Rodney Harrington in the prime time serial drama Peyton Place. O'Neal said he got the role because "the studio was looking for a young Doug McClure". The series was a big success, making national names of its cast including O'Neal. Several were offered movie roles, including Mia Farrow, Rosemary's Baby (1968), and Barbara Parkins, Valley of the Dolls (1967), and O'Neal was keen to do films. During the series' run O'Neal appeared in a pilot for a proposed series, European Eye (1968). He was also signed to ABC for a recording contract.O'Neal's first lead in a feature came with The Big Bounce (1969), based on an Elmore Leonard novel. In 1969, he appeared in a TV version of Under the Yum Yum Tree (1963). 1970–1974: Love Story, What's Up, Doc? and Paper Moon
In 1970, he played an Olympic athlete in The Games. The film had been co-written by Erich Segal, who recommended O'Neal for the lead in Love Story (1970), based on Segal's novel and script. A number of actors had turned down the role including Beau Bridges and Jon Voight before it was offered to O'Neal. His fee was $25,000; he said he had an offer that paid five times as much to appear in a Jerry Lewis film but O'Neal knew that Love Story was the better prospect and selected that instead.Paramount studio head, Robert Evans, who was also married to the film's female lead, Ali MacGraw, said they tested 14 other actors but no one compared to O'Neal; he said the part was "a Cary Grant role – a handsome leading man with lots of emotion." "I hope the young people like it", O'Neal said before the film came out. "I don't want to go back to TV. I don't want to go back to those NAB conventions." Love Story turned out to be a box office phenomenon. It made O'Neal a star and earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actor, although O'Neal was bitter he was never given a percentage of the profits, unlike co-star Ali MacGraw. In between the film's production and release, O'Neal appeared in a TV movie written by Eric Ambler, Love Hate Love (1971), which received good ratings.He also made a Western, Wild Rovers (1971) with William Holden for director Blake Edwards. Wild Rovers, badly cut by MGM, was considerably less popular than Love Story. O'Neal was going to make another film for MGM, Deadly Honeymoon (1974), from a novel by Larry Block. However, O'Neal pulled out. Peter Bogdanovich later said MGM head Jim Aubrey was "cruel" to O'Neal. O'Neal was also wanted by director Nic Roeg to appear opposite Julie Christie in an adaptation of Out of Africa that was never made. Instead, O'Neal starred in the screwball comedy What's Up, Doc?(1972), for Bogdanovich, and opposite Barbra Streisand. The film was the third-highest-grossing of 1972, and led to him receiving an offer to star in a movie for Stanley Kubrick, Barry Lyndon. While that film was in pre-production, O'Neal played a jewel thief in The Thief Who Came to Dinner (1972) opposite Jacqueline Bisset and Warren Oates. Then he was reunited with Bogdanovich for Paper Moon (1973) in which he starred opposite his daughter Tatum O'Neal. Tatum won an Oscar for her performance in the popular movie and in 1973, <mask>'Neal was voted by exhibitors as the second-most-popular star in the country, behind Clint Eastwood. 1975–1980: Barry Lyndon, A Bridge Too Far and The Main Event

O'Neal spent over a year making Barry Lyndon (1975) for Kubrick. The resulting film was considered a commercial disappointment and had a mixed critical reception; it won O'Neal a Harvard Lampoon Award for the Worst Actor of 1975.Reflecting in 1985, O'Neal said the film was "all right but he [Kubrick] completely changed the picture during the year he spent editing it". The film's reputation has risen in recent years but O'Neal says his career never recovered from the film's reception. O'Neal had been originally meant to star in Bogdanovich's flop musical At Long Last Love but was replaced by Burt Reynolds. However he made the screwball comedy Nickelodeon (1976) with Reynolds, Bogdanovich and Tatum O'Neal, for a fee of $750,000. The film flopped at the box office. O'Neal followed this with a small role in the all-star war film A Bridge Too Far (1977), playing General James Gavin. O'Neal's performance as a hardened general was much criticised, although O'Neal was only a year older than Gavin at the time of the events in the film."Can I help it if I photograph like I'm 16 and they gave me a helmet that was too big for my head?" he later said. "At least I did my own parachute jump." The film performed poorly at the US box office but did well in Europe. O'Neal initially turned down a reported $3 million to star in Oliver's Story (1978), a sequel to Love Story. Instead he appeared in the car-chase film The Driver (1978), directed by Walter Hill, who had written The Thief Who Came to Dinner. This was a box office disappointment in the US but, like A Bridge Too Far, did better overseas.Hill later said he "was so pleased with <mask> in the movie and I was very disappointed that people didn't particularly give him any credit for what he did. To me, he's the best he's ever been. I cannot imagine another actor." O'Neal was meant to follow this with The Champ (1979), directed by Franco Zeffirelli, but decided to pull out after Zeffirelli refused to cast O'Neal's son Griffin opposite him. Instead he agreed to make Oliver's Story after all once the script was rewritten. However the film was a flop at the box office. "What I have to do now, seriously, is win a few hearts as an actor", he said in 1978."The way Cary Grant did. I know I've got a lot of winning to do. But I'm young enough. I'll get there..."

Around this time, O'Neal was meant to star in The Bodyguard, from a Lawrence Kasdan script, opposite Diana Ross for director John Boorman. However the film fell over when Ross pulled out, and it would not be made until 1992, with Kevin Costner in O'Neal's old role. There was some talk he would appear in a film from Michelangelo Antonioni, Suffer or Die, but this did not eventuate. O'Neal instead played a boxer in a comedy, The Main Event, reuniting him with Streisand.He received a fee of $1 million plus a percentage of the profits. The Main Event was a sizeable hit at the box office. Also in 1979, he produced a documentary about a boxer he managed, The Contender. A 1980 profile of O'Neal described him:

1981–1987: Decline as star
O'Neal was looking to follow it as the lead in the film version of The Thorn Birds to be

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title: Ryan O'Neal

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 directed by Arthur Hiller, but the book ended up being adapted as a miniseries. Instead O'Neal made a British-financed thriller, Green Ice (1981), for the most money he had ever received up front. The movie had a troublesome production (the original director quit during filming) and flopped at the box office. He had a cameo in Circle of Two, a film his daughter made with Richard Burton.O'Neal says Burton told him during filming he was "five years away from winning acceptance as a serious actor. On the other hand, my agent, Sue Mengers says I'm right on the threshold. Split the difference, that's two and a half years. One good picture, that's all I need..."

However, in the early 1980s he focused on comedies. He received $2 million for the lead in So Fine. This was followed by Partners (1982), a farce written by Francis Veber in which O'Neal played a straight cop who goes undercover as one half of a gay couple. He then played a film director loosely based on Peter Bogdanovich in Irreconcilable Differences (1984); he received no upfront fee but got a percentage of the profits.It was a minor box office success. A 1984 profile called him "the Billy Martin of Hollywood, whether it's his love affair with Farrah Fawcett... his precocious actor daughter Tatum or fisticuffs with his son Griffin. He just can't seem to stay out of the news." O'Neal said he felt more like Rocky Marciano, "wondering why guys are always picking fights with me. If I'm in a good picture, they'll like me. If I'm not they'll hate me. Hey I'm mad too when I don't make good pictures."O'Neal said too many of the roles he had played were "off the beaten path for me". In particular he regretted doing The Thief Who Came to Dinner, A Bridge Too Far, The Driver, So Fine, Partners and Green Ice. He blamed this in part on having to pay alimony and child support. He also said agent Sue Mengers encouraged him to constantly work. "If I could get a good director to choose me for a picture, I was okay", he said. "But they stopped calling me in the mid-70s... I made a whole bunch of pictures that didn't make any money and people lost interest in me... Directors take me reluctantly.I feel I'm lucky to be here in the first place and they know it too. I'm a glamour boy, a Hollywood product. I have a TV background and they can point to the silly movies I've made." O'Neal tried something different playing a gambler in Fever Pitch (1985), the last movie for Richard Brooks. Even less conventional was Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987) for director Norman Mailer. Both movies flopped at the box office and received poor reviews. 1988–2009: Supporting actor and TV star
O'Neal had a support part in a Liza Minnelli TV special Sam Found Out: A Triple Play (1988), and also supported in the romantic comedy Chances Are (1989).He returned to TV opposite his then-partner Farrah Fawcett in Small Sacrifices (1989). He and Fawcett made a short-lived CBS series Good Sports (1991) which lasted 15 episodes. O'Neal co starred with Katharine Hepburn in the TV movie The Man Upstairs (1992) and had a cameo in Fawcett's Man of the House (1995). He had a good role in Faithful (1996) with Cher. It was directed by Paul Mazursky who later said of O'Neal:
He's sweet as sugar, and he's volatile. He's got some of that Irish stuff in him, and he can blow up a bit. One day he was doing a scene, and I said, 'Bring it down a little bit,' and <mask> said, 'I quit!You can't say "Bring it down" to me that loud!' I said, 'If you quit, I'm going to break your nose.' He started to cry. He's sort of a big baby at times, but he's a good guy, and he's very talented. He's had a strange career, but he was a monster star. O'Neal had a support part in Hacks (1997) and the lead in An Alan Smithee Film: Burn Hollywood Burn (1998). He had the third lead in Zero Effect (1999) and was top billed in The List (2000).O'Neal had a semi-recurring role in Bull (2001), and support parts in Epoch (2001), People I Know (2002) with Al Pacino, Gentleman B. (2002), and Malibu's Most Wanted (2003). O'Neal had a regular part on the TV series Miss Match (2003) with Alicia Silverstone which ran for 18 episodes. He guest starred on shows such as Desperate Housewives and 90210. He was a recurring character on Fox's Bones. 2010–present: Later career
In 2011, <mask> and Tatum attempted to restore their broken father/daughter relationship after 25 years. Their reunion and reconciliation process was captured in the Oprah Winfrey Network series Ryan and Tatum: The O'Neals, which O'Neal produced.It only ran nine episodes. O'Neal could be seen in Slumber Party Slaughter (2015) and Knight of Cups (2015) in a small role. In 2016, O'Neal reunited with Love Story co-star Ali MacGraw in a staging of A.R. Gurney's play Love Letters. In February 2021, O'Neal and MacGraw were honored with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, nearly 50 years after the release of Love Story. Other ventures
O'Neal said that in 2009 he "made a tremendous amount of money on real estate, more than [he] deserve[s]". Personal life

Relationships
O'Neal married his first wife, actress Joanna Moore, in 1963.They had two children before separating in 1966. Moore eventually lost custody of their children to O'Neal as a result of her alcoholism and drug abuse. His second marriage was to actress Leigh Taylor-Young, with whom he had a son. They remained friends after divorcing in 1973. "I could speak to parts of <mask> like temper and volatility and reactivity, but I deeply know his goodness", Taylor-Young said. O'Neal was in a relationship with actress Farrah Fawcett from 1979 to 1997. The relationship was tumultuous due to his infidelity and volatile behavior.Fawcett ended the relationship after she discovered O'Neal in bed with actress Leslie Stefanson. O'Neal and Fawcett reunited in 2001 and were together until her death in 2009. "I got married at 21, and I was not a real mature 21", said O'Neal. "My first child was born when I was 22. I was a man's man; I didn't discover women until I was married, and then it was too late." He had romances with Ursula Andress, Bianca Jagger, Anouk Aimée, Jacqueline Bisset, Barbra Streisand, Diana Ross, and Anjelica Huston. According to his daughter Tatum O'Neal, he also had an affair with Melanie Griffith.In her 2014 memoir, Anjelica Huston claimed that O'Neal physically abused her. Children
O'Neal has four children: Tatum O'Neal and Griffin O'Neal with Moore, Patrick O'Neal with Taylor-Young, and Redmond James Fawcett O'Neal with Fawcett. For several years, O'Neal was estranged from his elder three children. "I'm a hopeless father. I don't know why. I don't think I was supposed to be a father. Just look around at my work—they're either in jail or they should be", he told Vanity Fair.In her autobiography, A Paper Life, Tatum wrote that she had suffered physical and emotional abuse as a result of her father's drug abuse. Griffin O'Neal also suggested their family's problems stemmed from <mask>. "My father gave me cocaine when I was 11 and insisted I take it", he said. Griffin added, "He was a very abusive, narcissistic psychopath. He gets so mad he can't control anything he's doing." In 2007, O'Neal was arrested for shooting at Griffin, which he claimed was in self-defense; charges were dropped. O'Neal refused to allow Griffin to attend Fawcett's funeral in 2009.He infamously hit on Tatum at Fawcett's funeral, not recognizing her as his daughter. But in 2011, Tatum reconciled with her father with a book and a TV show, Ryan and Tatum: the O'Neals. In August of that year, O'Neal, Tatum, and Patrick attended Redmond's court appearance on firearms and drug charges. Redmond has struggled with drug addiction for most of his adult life. In 2008, O'Neal and Redmond were arrested for drug possession in their Malibu home. In 2015, Redmond's probation was revoked and he was sentenced to three years in the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. In 2018, Redmond was arrested and charged with attempted murder, robbery, assault and drug possession after he allegedly tried to rob a convenience store in Santa Monica.In an interview from jail he blamed his struggles on his parents. Health
In 2001, O'Neal was diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). After struggling with leukemia, O'Neal was frequently seen at Fawcett's side when she was battling cancer. He told People magazine, "It's a love story. I just don't know how to play this one. I won't know this world without her. Cancer is an insidious enemy."In April 2012, O'Neal stated he had been diagnosed with stage IV prostate cancer. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Amateur boxing record
Based on various sources. References

External links

1941 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Jewish descent
American sailors
David di Donatello winners
Male actors from Los Angeles
Phillips Academy alumni
United States Navy

masks: Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan


title: Anne Ryan

texts:
<mask> (1889–1954) was an American Abstract Expressionist artist associated with the New York School. Her first contact with the New York City avant-garde came in 1941 when she joined the Atelier 17, a famous printmaking workshop that the British artist Stanley William Hayter had established in Paris in the 1930s and then brought to New York when France fell to the Nazis. The great turning point in <mask>'s development occurred after the war, in 1948. She was 57 years old when she saw the collages of Kurt Schwitters at the Rose Fried Gallery, in New York City, in 1948. She right away dedicated herself to this newly discovered medium. Since <mask> was a poet, according to Deborah Solomon, in Kurt Schwitters’s  collages “she recognized the visual equivalent of her sonnets – discrete images packed together in an extremely compressed space.” When six years later <mask> died, her work in this medium numbered over 400 pieces. Biography
<mask> was born in Hoboken, New Jersey in 1889.Both her parents died when <mask> was in her early teens, and she attended the Academy of Saint Elizabeth convent for both high school and early college. She left the school her junior year to marry attorney William McFadden; they separated in 1923. During this time she frequented art and literary circles in New York City's Greenwich Village neighborhood, and published a novel, Raquel, as well as a volume of poetry, Lost Hills. In 1931 and 1932 she lived in Majorca and then Paris. When she returned to the United States and settled on West Fourth Street in New York City, the cultural community there was rapidly galvanizing, attracting artists and writers of all backgrounds through the Works Progress Administration and generating new styles that challenged the Regionalism and Social Realism for which the U.S. was known. She began to paint in 1938 and had her first solo exhibition in 1941 at The Pinacoteca on Lexington Avenue. After seeing Kurt Schwitters' collages shown at the Rose Fried Gallery in 1948, she was struck by "the abstract form and tactile quality, at how much power and complexity there could be on so small a scale."She seized on the idea of debris and made her first collage from paper and fabric scraps that very evening, continuing mostly in this mode until her death in 1954 in Morristown, New Jersey. She was interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in East Hanover, New Jersey. Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster  Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson. Artistic and literary work
For <mask>, the relationship between artmaking and writing was very permeable, though she favored the latter for most of her life. She wrote a series of poems in the late 1930s and 40s called Lines to a Young Painter, and her circle of friends included artists and writers of all kinds. Her artistic work first took the form of printmaking—she made prints with Stanley William Hayter at Atelier 17, a hub for the American and European avant-garde—followed by oil painting, and by the mid-1940s she was designing costumes and backdrops for ballet performances. It was in collage, though, that <mask> found her primary voice.She incorporated all kinds of papers and textiles into her collage compositions, including silk, netting, handmade rag paper, and Japanese rice paper. Most were small in scale, averaging roughly eight by six inches. Many of the works were mounted on handmade paper by Douglas Morse Howell, who frequently collaborated with New York artists in the 1950s and 60s and often made paper from re-purposed textile fibers like blue jeans, or from flax grown in his backyard. <mask>'s collages distilled and expanded upon this sensibility by juxtaposing small squares of different materials against one another to highlight the distinct textures and densities of each. Their small scale and her use of pastel colors provoked varying critical responses in the early 1950s; many writers commented on the works' "feminine" qualities. <mask> had three exhibitions of her work at the Betty Parsons Gallery in the 1950s that solidified her reputation in the art world. Parsons was well known for showing abstract artists like Barnett Newman and Agnes Martin.After her death in 1954, an exhibition of her collage was shown at the Brooklyn Museum and traveled to the National Collection of Fine Arts in Washington, DC; the Art Museum of South Texas, Corpus Christi; and the New Jersey State Museum in Trenton. Her daughter Elizabeth McFadden is also an artist. Selected solo exhibitions:
 1941: The Pinacotheca, NY (paintings); Marquie Gallery, NY (prints)
 1942: New York School for Social Research, NY (prints)
 1946: The Philadelphia Art Alliance, PA (prints)
 1947: Cranbrook Academy of Art, Bloomfield, MI (prints)
 1948: Gallery Denise Severin, Paris (first European exhibition of prints)
 1950, 1954, 1970: Betty Parsons Gallery, NYC (collages)
 1955: Betty Parsons Gallery, NYC (Memorial exhibition, paintings and collages)
 1957: Kraushaar Gallery, NYC (Memorial exhibition, prints)
 1974: Marlborough Gallery, NYC
 1991: <mask>. Collages from Three Museums, Washburn Gallery, NYC
 1962-1963: New England preparatory schools and the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) - Boston, MA (circulating exhibition)
 1974: circ. 1965-1967: American Collages, The Museum of Modern Art, NYC circ. 1974: Brooklyn Museum, NY
 1975: Group Show: Collage, Betty Parsons Gallery, NYC
 1976: 30th Anniversary Show, Betty Parsons Gallery, NYC

Public collections
 Addison Gallery of American Art, Andover, Mass. Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York
 College Art Gallery, State University College, New Paltz, N.Y.
 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Washington, D.C.
 Lamont Gallery, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.
 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
 Minneapolis Institute of Art
 Montclair Art Museum, New Jersey
 Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas
 National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 Newark Museum, New Jersey
 New Jersey State Museum, Trenton
 Palmer Museum of Art, State College, P.A.Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, R.I.
 Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn.
 Walker Art Center, Minneapolis
 Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
 Williams College Museum of Art - Williamstown, Mass. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Conn.
 Museum of Modern Art, New York. See also
 Art movement
 Action painting

References

Bibliography
 Stuart Preston, Artists of Personal Vision, The New York Times, April 10, 1955 Section 2, p. 11
 Fairfield Porter, Reviews and Previews," Art News, vol. 56, Dec. 1957, p. 11 - <mask>, Darkest Leaf, Boteghe Oscure, vol. 22, 1958 (story published posthumously). Donald Windham, A note on <mask>, Boteghe Oscure, vol. 22, 1958, pp.267–271. Hilton Kramer, <mask>: Bigness on a Small Scale, New York Times, February 3, 1968, p. 25, ills. John Ashberry, A Place for Everything, Art News, vol.69, March 1970, p. 32
 Carter Ratcliff, New York, Art International, vol.14, Summer 1970, p. 141
 Piri Halasz, Trenton Exhibit Celebrates the Wonders of Collage," New York Times, Nov 17, 1974, p. 33, B&W of Ryan

Books
 Marika Herskovic, New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists, (New York School Press, 2000.) . p. 18; p. 38; p. 318-321

External links
 <mask> papers, 1922-1968. Smithsonian Institution Research Information System; Archival, Manuscript and Photographic Collections. <mask> at the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C.
 <mask> at the Collection of Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN

1889 births
1954 deaths
Abstract expressionist artists
American women painters
Modern painters
Artists from New York (state)
Artists from Hoboken, New Jersey
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
American women printmakers
20th-century American printmakers
Atelier 17 alumni
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (East Hanover, New Jersey)

masks:
Anne Ryan
Ryan
Anne Ryan
Ryan
Anne Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan
Anne Ryan


title: Anthony of Sourozh

texts:
Metropolitan <mask> of Sourozh (, secular name Andrei Borisovich Bloom,  and commonly known as <mask>; 19 June 1914 – 4 August 2003) was best known as a writer and broadcaster on prayer and the Christian life. He was a monk and Metropolitan bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church. He was founder and for many years bishop - then archbishop, then metropolitan - of the Diocese of Sourozh, the Patriarchate of Moscow's diocese for Great Britain and Ireland (the name 'Sourozh' is that of the historical episcopal see in Sudak in the Crimea). As a bishop he became well known as a pastor, preacher, spiritual director and writer on prayer and the Christian life. Early life
Andrei Bloom was born on 19 June 1914, in Lausanne, Switzerland, to Xenia and Boris Edvardovich Bloom. On his mother's side, he was the nephew of the composer Alexander Scriabin. He spent his early childhood in Russia and Iran.During the Russian Revolution the family had to leave Iran, and by 1923 they were settled in Paris, where he was educated. He graduated in physics, chemistry and biology, and took his doctorate in medicine at the University of Paris. By his own words, he met Christ, when he was a teenager:
"I met Christ as a Person at a moment when I needed him in order to live, and at a moment when I was not in search of him. I was found; I did not find him". "I was a teenager then. Life had been difficult in the early years and now it had of a sudden become easier. All the years when life had been hard I had found it natural, if not easy, to fight; but when life became easy and happy I was faced quite unexpectedly with a problem: I could not accept aimless happiness.Hardships and suffering had to be overcome, there was something beyond them. Happiness seemed to be stale if it had no further meaning". "As it often happens when you are young and when you act with passion, bent to possess either everything or nothing, I decided that I would give myself a year to see whether life had a meaning, and if I discovered it had none I would not live beyond the year..."--

Career
In 1939, before leaving for the front as a surgeon in the French Army, he secretly professed monastic vows in the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1943 he was tonsured and received the name of Antony. During the occupation of France by Nazi Germany he worked as a doctor, and took part in the French Resistance. After the war he continued practising as a physician until 1948, when he was ordained to the presbyterate and sent to Britain to serve as Orthodox Christian chaplain of the Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius, a society established to foster understanding and friendship between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican churches. In 1950 he was appointed vicar of the Russian Patriarchal parish in London.In 1957 he was consecrated as bishop, and as archbishop in 1962 in charge of the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh. In 1963 he was appointed exarch of the Moscow Patriarchate in Western Europe, and in 1966 was assigned the rank of metropolitan bishop. In 1974 by mutual agreement he was released from the function of exarch, in order to devote himself more fully to the pastoral needs of the growing flock of his diocese. Between 1966 and 1986 he brought out six books on prayer. In mid 2003, Bloom resigned as diocesan bishop. He died on 4 August 2003. His grave in the Brompton Cemetery, London, is visited by Christians and many others.Honours
Metropolitan <mask> received honorary doctorates from the University of Aberdeen ('for preaching the Word of God and renewing the spiritual life of this country'); from the Moscow Theological Academy for his theological, pastoral and preaching work; from the University of Cambridge; and from the Kiev Theological Academy. Writings
His books were published in English in Britain. His texts were subsequently widely published in Russia as books and in periodicals. Note: dates are for British editions. Publications
1966 – Living Prayer
1970 – School for Prayer
1970 – Beginning to Pray (re-publishing of School for Prayer)
1971 – God and man
1972 – Meditations on a Theme: a spiritual journey
1973 – Courage to Pray
1986 – The Essence of Prayer (Contains Living Prayer, School for Prayer, God and Man, and Courage to Pray)

Posthumously published works
2005 – Encounter
2007 – The Living Body of Christ
2009 – Coming Closer to Christ: on Confession
2017 – Churchianity vs. Christianity

Posthumous works

The Metropolitan <mask> of Sourozh Foundation is a body of independent trustees who collect together and publish his writings. As of July 2011, the foundation undertakes this by managing the copyrights in his works and by commissioning new selections and approved translations. The foundation is also establishing the official archive of Bloom's papers and writings, together with related materials such as recordings of talks, broadcasts and sermons.The foundation is the legal owner of the worldwide copyrights and other intellectual property rights in Bloom's works. Its charity registered number is 1120395 and the chairman of the trustees is Protodeacon Peter Scorer. See also
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh

References

Further reading
 G. Crow, This Holy Man: Impressions of Metropolitan <mask> (2005). External links
The <mask> of Sourozh Foundation (old website)
The <mask> of Sourozh Foundation (new website)
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh
The Deanery of Orthodox Parishes of Russian Tradition in Great Britain and Ireland
Metropolitan <mask> of Sourozh (English)
Funeral of Metropolitan <mask> of Sourozh
Metropolitan <mask> of Sourozh Archive: Photos, Video, Audio, and Texts
Obituary in The Guardian

1914 births
2003 deaths
People from Lausanne
Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox missionaries
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
French military doctors
French Resistance members
Eastern Orthodox Christians from France
Eastern Orthodox theologians
Eastern Orthodox Christians from the United Kingdom
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Iran
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
French Army personnel of World War II
French Army officers

masks:
Anthony
Anthony Bloom
Anthony Bloom
Anthony
Anthony
Metropolitan Anthony
Metropolitan Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
Anthony


title: Benjamin Motte

texts:
<mask> (; November 1693 – 12 March 1738) was a London publisher and son of <mask>, Sr. Motte published many works and is well known for his publishing of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Background
<mask> was born in the parish of St Botolph (Aldersgate), London to <mask>. and Anne Clarke. He was born in early November 1693 and baptised soon after on 14 November. Some of his first mentions are of his early publications and when he took over <mask>'s publishing business. It was not under 7 February 1715 that <mask> was free from his publishing patrimony, and he took off as a bookseller in 1719. Motte's place of business in Fleet Street (London) was located in Middle Temple Gate. This space was passed to Motte by his predecessor, <mask>, and then passed to Motte's replacement, Charles Bathurst, in 1738 upon his death.Motte was then asked to become partners with the Tooke publishing firm after <mask>'s brother, Samuel Tooke, died in December 1724, and as he took the position, he became the only active member of the publishing firm. On 21 December 1725, <mask> married Elizabeth, the daughter of Rev. Thomas Brian, and had two children. Throughout his career, Motte had three apprentices: George Hall, Thomas Isborne, and Jonathan Russell. After taking over the Tooke publishing firm, he partnered with his brother, Charles, until 1731. Although he had no partner from 1731–1734, Motte took up his apprentice, Charles Bathurst, as his apprentice. In 1726, Jonathan Swift sent Motte a copy of Gulliver's Travels, to be printed anonymously.Motte took great care to protect the identity of the author and employed five publishing houses to speed production of the book and avoid pirating. In 1727, Motte formed his first direct contract with Swift and Alexander Pope to publish their Miscellanies. As part of the contract, Motte paid Tooke for the original copyright to the work. Motte's work with Jonathan Swift was complicated and risky; one, An Epistle to a Lady, brought about Motte's arrest in 1734. Edmund Curll, as was his habit, claimed that he had the rights to some of Swift's miscellanies. Curll had obtained the works illegitimately and had published them to spite Swift, and he used the controversy with Motte to attempt to generate publicity. Although Curll was unwilling to do anything about the reproduction, Pope turned from Motte as his publisher for a fourth edition of the Miscellanies over a payment dispute and other publication-related complaints.Pope finally bought out his contract with <mask> for twenty-five pounds. Near the end of his life, in 1735, Motte sued the printer George Faulkner of Dublin over Faulkner's importing into Britain of Swift's Works. In <mask> v. Faulkner, <mask> claimed that many of the works reproduced were under copyright held by <mask> from the purchase of the original copyright for many of Swift's writings from Tooke and from a contract directly with Swift to publish Gulliver's Travels. The London courts upheld <mask>'s claim and ordered that Faulkner's edition of Swift's Works to be kept from importation into England. Publications
Although <mask> is most known for his production of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels, he produced other great works. Many of these works were published on his own, but he did work with many other printers including Samuel Ballard, Charles Bathurst, Bernard Lintot, William Mears, James Round, George Strahan, and Jacob Tonson. Andrew Tooke, R. Gosling and J. Pemberton
 Sallust's Works – Ballard
 Seneca's Epistulae morales ad Lucilium – Lintot, Strahan, and Tonson
 Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War – Lintot

Misc.contributions:
 Dan Brown's Oratio Dominica "The Lords Prayer in Above a Hundred Languages, Versions, and Characters." (1713) – <mask> was typographer for the various languages of the Lord's Prayer. He also wrote the preface and signed it "B. M. Typogr. Lond." The Royal Society's The Philosophical Transactions From the Year 1700 (Where Mr Lowthorp Ends) to the Year 1720 edited by Motte in 1721.

Notable publications
The 1728 The Last Volume of Swift and Pope's Miscellanies including Pope's Peri Bathous provoked many pamphlets to be produced against the books. <mask>'s edition of Isaac Newton's Principia (1729) was translated by <mask> (1696–1734), his brother a mathematician and very briefly the lecturer on geometry at Gresham College. This was the first English edition and the first translated edition that included the Scholium Generale found in the second Latin edition (1726).This edition was the most commonly taught version of Newton's Principia in English and was therefore considered the "authorized version". However, even when later revised by Florian Cajori this edition was deemed "awkward" and "inaccurate" in some locations since it was based on the second Latin edition. Motte's edition of William Giffard's Cases in midwifry is the earliest published record of using Chamberlen forceps during childbirth. Notes

References

 List of Motte's 1720 publications 3 May 2008
 Shapiro, Alan E. Physics Today Principia Review American Institute of Physics. 3 May 2008
 Fleet Street And The Press Reprinted by Old and Sold's Antiques Digest 3 May 2008

External links

1693 births
1738 deaths
British printers

masks:
Benjamin Motte
Benjamin Motte
Benjamin Motte
Benjamin Motte Sr
Benjamin Tooke
Motte
Benjamin Tooke
Benjamin Tooke
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Motte
Andrew Motte