title: Eric Heffer

texts:
 resulted in the defeat of the guillotine, the loss of the Bill and endangered the government. A pact was negotiated between the Labour Party and the Liberals to ensure a majority. <mask> was upset about the pact and started a motion to call a special meeting of the National Executive Committee (the Prime Minister, James Callaghan, forbade Ministers to sign it). NEC member
Increasingly <mask> began to use his position on the Labour Party NEC as the base of his political action. He began a specific campaign to nationalise the building construction industry in the National Construction Corporation, and raised the issue at the 1977 Labour Party conference and on the TUC-Labour Party Liaison Committee, where Callaghan vetoed any consideration of the idea by government. In intra-party matters, Heffer opposed taking action against the Militant tendency after a report by the party's national agent Reg Underhill raised concerns over its activities. <mask>'s constituency of Walton was one of the strongest areas of Militant but Heffer believed that Trotskyists within the Labour Party could be countered by political arguments.He recommended that local parties hold political education events to explain democratic socialism to the Militant-dominated Labour Party Young Socialists. In the late 1970s Heffer fought to change government policy to try to reduce unemployment, and he opposed the continuation of a pay policy which caused the strikes of the Winter of Discontent. He was one of the left-wing members of an ad hoc sub-committee of the NEC which undertook the task of cutting an overlong manifesto for the 1979 general election down to a manageable size. <mask> was one of those who wanted abolition of the House of Lords in the manifesto, a policy vetoed by James Callaghan. After Labour lost the election, <mask> ran for the shadow cabinet again and finished as the runner-up. He joined the campaign of the left to change the democratic structure of the Labour Party to give more power to those bodies such as party conference where the left was strong. He was an important link between the National Executive and the Parliamentary Labour Party.Heffer did endorse the policy of forcing Labour Members of Parliament to seek reselection from their constituency parties, although he wanted the vote to involve all members rather than the 'General Management Committee' which comprised only activists. Would-be leadership candidate
The most important issue for the left in the early 1980s was to change the system of election of the Leader of the Labour Party, which had until then been chosen solely by Labour MPs. The left wanted to have the Leader elected by an 'electoral college' which would include affiliated trade unions and individual Constituency Labour Parties. At the 1980 Labour Party conference a procedural motion to allow the change to be made without delay was narrowly carried after Heffer argued for it, but all proposals for balancing the composition of the electoral college were defeated and the issue was deferred until a special conference. With an electoral college Leadership system in prospect, James Callaghan resigned as Leader in October 1980 to make sure that his successor was elected under the old system. Heffer regarded such an election as illegitimate and moved to suspend it until the new system was agreed, but the Parliamentary Labour Party rejected it. He considered standing as a candidate himself but eventually deferred to Michael Foot who was eventually elected (against expectations).Due to a resignation, Heffer was briefly promoted to be a member of the shadow cabinet in October–November 1980. Foot made Heffer spokesman on Europe and Community Affairs from November. Militant
Concern about the Militant tendency led Reg Underhill, whose 1975 report had been dismissed by Heffer, to issue a revised version in 1980. This report made it clear that most party institutions in Liverpool, especially in <mask>'s constituency, were now under Militant control. Heffer compared the report to the propaganda of Joseph Goebbels, but he knew that Militant was powerful: when <mask> considered running against Denis Healey for the Deputy Leadership of the Labour Party under the new electoral college system in 1981, his constituency party prevented him. He supported Benn when Benn challenged Healey. <mask> was elected to the shadow cabinet in 1981.While he was a strong supporter of the left, <mask> accepted the need to preserve party unity. In December 1981 he attempted to solve the problem of Michael Foot's denunciation of Peter Tatchell (who had been selected as Labour candidate for Bermondsey) by holding a quick enquiry, but this attempt failed when Foot loyalists passed a motion to refuse Tatchell endorsement. <mask>'s attempts to mediate between the Bermondsey Party and Foot were regarded as 'paternalist' by Tatchell and his local supporters. <mask> also joined with Foot and Denis Healey in an NEC motion calling for negotiations with the United Nations Secretary-General following the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands on 28 April 1982, in opposition to a motion from Tony Benn calling for a ceasefire and withdrawal of the British taskforce. In June 1982 the NEC discussed Militant again, with <mask> proposing that all members of the Labour Party subscribe to a 'statement of democratic socialist principles' which was defeated by 22 votes to 5. At the 1982 Labour Party conference the right-wing won back control of the NEC, and at its first meeting the left-wing were voted out of all their chairmanships in a coup organised by John Golding. This included <mask>, who had been chairman of the powerful 'Organisation Sub-Committee' (usually known as Org Sub).The change allowed the right to begin to take action against Militant, membership of which was declared incompatible with party membership. The five members of Militant's editorial board were expelled in February 1983 despite Heffer's motion to have a further investigation. Candidate for leader
The 1983 election was a disaster for Labour which lost a substantial number of votes. Michael Foot resigned the leadership immediately afterwards, and with Tony Benn ineligible because of his own defeat, Heffer stood for the leadership as the candidate of the 'hard left' in the election. He received minimal support among the trade unions and constituency parties, and came third among Labour MPs, obtaining in all 6.3% of the electoral college. Neil Kinnock appointed him as Shadow Minister for the Construction Industry, noting his long experience in the area. <mask> was also Chairman of the Labour Party from the end of the 1983 conference, a position which conveyed no authority but recognised his seniority.However, with a Militant-dominated Labour council in Liverpool having been elected in 1983, Heffer found increasing trouble in his constituency. The Liverpool Labour Party adopted Militant's policy of a 'deficit budget'. This included no cuts to jobs and services, and no rent and rates increases higher than inflation, and a promise to increase services and confront central government with the £270 million stolen, it claimed, in grants from the city since the Conservatives came to power in 1979. It was voted into office by a landslide. The administration produced a financial crisis, since the budget, set in April by the outgoing Tory-Liberal coalition, included unallocated cuts of £6 million, including 1000 job losses, which the administration cancelled, and an extra 1000 jobs had been promised instead. When the council met on 29 March 1984 it was told clearly that the Militant proposed 'deficit budget' contained an illegal £30 million deficit, but no alternative could get a majority and it went through. All but seven Labour councillors stood by the budget, and Heffer supported the council in its demands of government and after a series of meetings with the Secretary of State for the Environment Patrick Jenkin, the government eventually gave way and allowed practically all of the budget.In November 1984 Heffer did not win re-election to the shadow cabinet and left the Labour front bench. He said that he took a principled stance not to take any front bench post unless elected to it. Kinnock takes action
Liverpool's financial confrontation continued in 1985 when it eventually set another 'deficit budget'. This time the government would not help, and Militant's attempt to get the council's workforce to strike against the Thatcher government was narrowly defeated in a ballot. By September the council was almost out of cash and applied to the new Environment Secretary (Kenneth Baker) for a loan of £25 million. In a desperate attempt to avoid bankruptcy, on 27 September the council issued 90-day redundancy notices to its entire workforce, using a fleet of taxis to deliver them. On 1 October Neil Kinnock spoke at the Labour Party conference and denounced (without identifying Liverpool) the actions of the council.<mask> was appalled at Kinnock's actions and walked off the platform in protest. This action was capable of misinterpretation: Heffer was fully supportive of the council's actions, but not a Militant member, and felt that Kinnock was insulting the whole City, and also that he as the senior Liverpool MP ought to have been told in advance. <mask>'s autobiography has been taken by most reviewers to illustrate his "known dislike" for Kinnock. One sixth of the book is devoted to expressing his views that Kinnock's "betrayal of socialism" led to "a rigid party discipline and the expulsion of Militant supporters". <mask>'s views are most clearly expressed in a letter he sent to Labour Party general secretary Larry Whitty at the time of the 1986 inquiry into the Liverpool District Labour Party:

On 27 March 1986 the leading members of the Liverpool Labour Party were brought before the National Executive where their expulsion was being proposed. <mask> had accompanied Derek Hatton during his NEC hearing regarding the Liverpool District Labour Party. He joined a walk-out by members of the left which rendered the meeting inquorate.At later meetings he voted against expelling Militant members. His refusal to support those taking action against Militant led to <mask> losing his position on the Labour Party National Executive at the 1986 conference, a loss which Heffer took personally, and indicated the changed nature of the Labour Party, which Heffer anticipated in his letter to Whitty in 1986. The 47 Labour councillors who stood behind the deficit budget strategy were removed from office in 1987 and surcharged £106,000, with costs of £242,000, which they raised through donations from the trade unions and Labour Party members. Last years
<mask>'s constituency had become increasingly safe for him over the years and at the 1987 election he had the largest absolute Labour vote in the country and a rock-solid 23,000 majority. Neil Kinnock's decision to review the policy of the Labour Party after the election, which was a clear prelude to dropping some of the more left-wing policies, led him to urge the left in the Socialist Campaign Group to fight the Leadership and Deputy Leadership in 1988. Tony Benn was chosen to challenge Kinnock as Leader, while <mask> and John Prescott (from the Tribune group) opposed Roy Hattersley for the Deputy Leadership. Neither had any realistic hope of winning, and <mask> eventually won only 9.483% of the vote.On 24 November 1989 <mask> announced that he would not fight the next election. The decision was prompted by the fact that he had been diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer. He suffered a long decline during which he devoted himself to writing. When Parliament was recalled to debate the invasion of Kuwait in September 1990, <mask> made what he knew would be his last speech in the House of Commons to urge the United Kingdom not to go to war. His gaunt and white appearance showed how ill he was. In January 1991 he attended the House of Commons to vote against the Gulf War in a wheelchair, when John Major crossed the floor to shake his hand. On 27 March 1991 he was awarded the freedom of the city of Liverpool, but as he was too ill to travel there, he received it at Westminster.His close friend Tony Benn attended the ceremony along with Dennis Skinner and speaker Bernard Weatherill. A letter was read out paying tribute to Heffer from John Major. Two months later, Heffer died at the age 69. Although he clashed on several occasions with Margaret Thatcher, they respected each other personally, and she wrote a letter of condolence to Heffer's widow when he died. She also attended his memorial service held on 10 July 1991. Other notable names who attended included Neil Hamilton, Jonathan Aitken, Geoffrey Howe, James Molyneaux, Ian Paisley, Alan Beith, John Biffen, Patrick Mayhew, John Smith and Tony Benn, who paid a personal tribute. Legacy
In 2019, Liverpool Walton Constituency Labour Party launched the annual <mask> Memorial Lecture to pay tribute to Heffer's legacy and explore how his ideas of internationalist, democratic socialism can be applied today.The first lecture, delivered by <mask>'s successor as Liverpool Walton MP, Dan Carden, was published in Tribune magazine. In satire
Like many politicians, <mask> was a target for satirists who would highlight his left-wing attitude. He was especially targeted in the satirical strip Battle for Britain which ran in the magazine Private Eye between 1983 and 1987 — Margaret Thatcher's second term in office as Prime Minister. <mask> appears in the majority of the strips, his "cruel Cockney humour" being described as lowering morale on his side, especially when directed at Neil Kinnock. Notes

Publications
<mask> was a bibliophile whose collection of 12,000 books was much more than his small house would normally accommodate. He also wrote prodigiously. His publications include:

 The Class Struggle in Parliament: A Socialist View of Industrial Relations (Gollancz, 1973, ): An analysis of the way trade union issues are handled by Parliament.Towards Democratic Socialism (Institute for Workers Control, 1981): a policy pamphlet. Labour's Future - Socialist or SDP Mark 2? (Verso, 1986, ): <mask>'s concern over Neil Kinnock's reforms showed in this early book. The terms in which Heffer posed the question in its title clearly indicated his preference for the former option. Faith in Politics: Which Way Should Christians Vote? (Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1987, ): <mask> contributed a Labour essay to go with contributions from John Gummer for the Conservatives and Alan Beith for the SDP-Liberal Alliance. Why I Am a Christian (Spire, 1991, )
 Never a Yes Man: The Life and Politics of an Adopted Liverpudlian (Verso Books, 1991, ): his posthumously published

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title: John Ugelstad

type: original

texts:
<mask> (31 March 1921 – 3 April 1997) was a Norwegian chemical engineer and inventor, known for discovering a process to manufacture monodisperse micropellets or microbeads and dynabeads. He was a professor at the Norwegian Institute of Technology and consultant for DuPont. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Trondheim to Karen Stene (1898-1993) and <mask> (1893-1975), a factory owner. He grew up and attended school in Trondheim. After graduating in 1941 he began to study chemistry at Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH); the German occupation of Trondheim during World War II delayed his studies and he passed the engineering exam in 1948. Career

After a few years in business, he worked a few years at Philips Group's research department in Eindhoven in the Netherlands and obtained a PhD at the University of Leiden in 1955. He was employed by SINTEF and since 1957 by the Institute of Industrial Chemistry at NTH.During a sabbatical in Norwegian's research department from 1964 to 1965, he was the brains behind a new and epochal theory of emulsion polymerization which replaced the former and well-established theories and was dominated the field. This work was in practice as important as the monodisperse spheres. In 1966 he became a professor at NTH where he stayed until 1991. Besides teaching and research, he took on a number of assignments for industry, including being the main consultant in theoretical polymer chemistry for DuPont. <mask> was already an internationally known researcher for his work in polymer chemistry when he first heard about the problem of preparing monodisperse spheres at a conference in the United States. Back in Trondheim he began to romp with the problem and thought it should be possible to make the particles in a regular laboratory. He said that he always thought best at night and one late hour in 1977 an idea occurred to him.When he realized how easy it was to manufacture the tiny particles (15 million of them weigh a milligram, and the spheres are similar almost to microglobules in milk), he thought others would also discover the method. Therefore, he patented it. The patent application concerned a method for producing polymer particles in a two-stage treatment dissolved in water, where they can absorb more than 1,000 times their own volume of water-soluble organisms. Relatively shortly after his breakthrough <mask> gave a lecture in the United States. After the lecture some scientists asked if it was possible to magnetize the spheres, so they could be used to separate cells. The inquiry sparked new nights with research problems in <mask> bedrooms and resulted in the development of magnetic monodisperse particles at SINTEF. The solution was designated as ingenious in its simplicity.Basically he made particles paramagnetic, i.e. they are only magnetic in a magnetic field. When this field is removed, the particles are non-magnetic. Kjell Nustad and Gunnar Kvalheim, specialist physicians at the Norwegian Radium Hospital in Oslo were central to the developing the particles for medical use. In 1983, the microspheress were used to treat bone marrow cancer. The method, briefly, is to remove some of the bone marrow on strong cancer patients, adding the magnetic beads, removing cancer cells in vitro and re-infusing the treated bone marrow to the patient. Achievement
<mask>'s scientific efforts between 1972 and 1982 made him famous in scientific circles worldwide.<mask> approached 60 years and had worked at the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) in Trondheim for 20 years when he in 1976 succeeded to produce monodisperse spheres, i.e. microscopically identical particles. The method is one of the most important in biochemical analysis in the second half of the 1900s. US researchers had attempted to produce monodisperse spheres for years, but had given up making them on Earth. They believed, long after <mask> had found the method to produce them in a laboratory, that it was only possible to produce such particles in weightless conditions in space. The monodisperse particles made it possible to conduct analyzes in a fraction of the time previously and produce a biological material. The beads were absolutely indispensable in various forms of cancer treatment and important in dealing with AIDS, bacteriology and DNA technology.The medical use of bullets was the main result of the discovery. After his invention became known, he was a big draw at major international conferences. He was a charismatic lecturer and could talk about difficult physical problems as people without the faintest knowledge of physics understood him. Honors

<mask> was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters and an honorary member of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. He received numerous awards, including DKNVS 'Gunnerus Medal and Norwegian Technological Research Council Award (both 1986). <mask> was decorated Commander of the Order of St. Olav in 1990. in 2002, the Ugelstad Laboratory in Trondheim was named after him. Personal life

<mask> married artist Viola Kristine Rigstad (7 May 1922 - 27 Jan 2017) on 25 January 1948, who was the daughter of Karl Rigstad, a miner, (1896-1973) and Hanna Kristine Villiksdatter Sommervold (1896-1969).<mask> said about his own work: "My work has been like an obsession. I am a slave of my work, but love slavery. A researcher's life consists of disappointments and joys. Sometimes it seems all hope out there, other times solutions come as gifts from heaven. When you feel gratitude, as a select. Research is a fascinating business with incredible opportunities for travel and discovery in an unexplored world." See also
Plastic particle water pollution

References

Further reading

1921 births
1997 deaths
People from Trondheim
20th-century Norwegian engineers
Norwegian chemists
20th-century Norwegian inventors
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters

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title: Jeongjong of Joseon

texts:
<mask> of Joseon (26 July 1357 – 24 October 1419), born Yi Bang-gwa (Hangul: 이방과, Hanja: 李芳果), whose changed name is Yi Gyeong (Hangul: 이경, Hanja: 李曔), was the second ruler of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Taejo, the founder and first monarch of the dynasty. Biography
Born in 1357 as Yi Bang-gwa, he was a prudent, generous, brave, and able military officer. During the latter days of the declining Goryeo Dynasty, <mask> followed his father, Yi Seong-gye, to various battlefronts and fought at his side. When his father became king in 1392, he became prince. King Taejo had two wives—the first one, who gave birth to six of the king's sons including <mask>, died before King Taejo was crowned. King Taejo had a second wife, who had 2 sons from him.The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. In 1398, King Taejo's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, who later would be King Taejong of Joseon, led a coup along with many military officers and killed his two younger half-brothers, Prime Minister Jeong, and many of his faction. Yi Bang-won first tried to show that he was not intended to take the throne, so he gave a push to his older brother <mask> (who was also the oldest then), to be a crown prince. King Taejo was upset and abdicated in disgust, and <mask> became king in the following year, 1399. The same year he moved the capital back to Gaegyeong, the old Goryeo capital. In 1400, a conflict broke out between Yi Bang-won and his older brother, Yi Bang-gan.Yi Bang-won's force attacked and defeated that of Bang-gan's, Bang-gan was then sent into exile along with his family. General Bak Bo, who persuaded Bang-gan to fight against Bangwon, was executed. King <mask>, knowing that he was a mere political figurehead for his younger brother Bang-won, appointed him as a crown prince, and abdicated months later. He was an able, wise administrator even though his short reign was marked by bloodshed within the royal family. He banned all kinds of private troops on the advice of Crown Prince Bang-won. He died in 1419, and was buried near Kaesong. Ancestors

Family
Father: King Taejo of Joseon (4 November 1335 – 27 June 1408) (조선 태조)
Grandfather: King Hwanjo of Joseon (1315 – 1 January 1361) (조선 환조)
Grandmother: Queen Uihye of the Yeongheung Choe clan (의혜왕후 최씨)
Mother: Queen Shinui of the Cheongju Han clan (September 1337 – 21 October 1391) (신의왕후 한씨)
Grandfather: Han Gyeong (한경)
Grandmother: Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan (삭녕 신씨)
Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
 Queen Jeongan of the Gyeongju Kim clan (22 January 1355 – 2 August 1412) (정안왕후 김씨) — No issue.Royal Noble Consort Seong of the Chungju Ji clan (성빈 지씨)
 Yi Hu-saeng, Prince Deokcheon (1397 – 1465) (이후생 덕천군)<ref>Later married Lady Yi of the Jangsu Yi clan (장수 이씨), Princess Gotaek (고택군부인). Their grandson Seong Hui-an (성희안), thru their eldest daughter's husband Seong Chan (성찬), would be one of the leaders of the 1506 coup that ousted Prince Yeonsan-gun and placed to the throne his younger half-brother [[Jungjong of Joseon|Prince Jinseong-'daegun]].</ref>
 Yi Mal-saeng, Prince Dopyeong (1402 – 1439) (이말생 도평군)
 Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Chungju Ji clan (숙의 지씨)She is the sister of Royal Noble Consort Seong
 Yi Won-saeng, Prince Uipyeong (? – 1461) (이원생 의평군)He was married to Royal Princess Consort Choi of the Dongju Choi clan and had 8 children. ( 5 sons and 3 daughters)
 Yi Mu-saeng, Prince Seonseong (10 December 1396 – 7 July 1460) (이무생 선성군)
 Yi Ho-saeng, Prince Imseong (이호생 임성군)With a concubine, he had a daughter who married Go Gye-geon (고계건, 高繼乾)
 Princess Hamyang (함양옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is also "Princess Ham'yang" (함양군주). Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haengju Ki clan (? – 1457) (숙의 기씨)
 Yi Gun-saeng, Prince Sunpyeong (? – 1456) (이군생 순평군)His wife was Princess Consort Seol of the Sunchamg Seol clan.They  had  2 sons and 2 daughters. Yi Ui-saeng, Prince Geumpyeong (? – 1435) (이의생 금평군)
 Princess Sukshin (1401 – 1486) (숙신옹주)
 Yi Yung-saeng, Prince Jeongseok (1409 – 1464) (이융생 정석군)
 Yi Seon-saeng, Prince Murim (1410 – 1474) (이선생 무림군)
 Princess Goseong (고성옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is also "Princess Goseong" (고성군주). Princess Sangwon (상원옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is also "Princess Sang'won" (상원군주). Princess Jeonsan (전산옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is "Princess Ansong" (안성군주). Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Nampyeong Mun clan (숙의 문씨)
 Yi Gwi-saeng, Prince Jongui (1393 – 1451) (이귀생 종의군)
 Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Pyeongchang Yi clan (숙의 이씨) (? - 1443)
 Yi Jong-saeng, Prince Jinnam (1406 – 1470) (이종생 진남군)
 Royal Consort Suk-ui of the Haepyeong Yun clan (1368 - 1417) (숙의 윤씨)
 Yi Deok-saeng, Prince Sudo (?– 1449) (이덕생 수도군)
 Yi Nok-saeng, Prince Imeon (1399 – 1432) (이녹생 임언군)
 Yi Bok-saeng, Prince Seokbo (1399 – 1447) (이복생 석보군)
 Yi Bo-saeng, Prince Jangcheon (이보생 장천군)
 Princess Incheon (인천옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is also "Princess Incheon" (인천군주). Princess Haman (함안옹주)Per Sejong, her alternate title is also "Princess Ham'an" (함안군주). Princess Gaui of the Yu clan (가의궁주 유씨)
 Princess Deokcheon (덕천옹주)Later married Byeon Sang-bok (변상복, ?–1455), son of Byeon Yi (변이). Portrayed by Lee Tae-rim in the 2014 KBS1 TV series Jeong Do-jeon. Portrayed by Seo Dong-won in the 2015-2016 SBS TV series Six Flying Dragons. Portrayed by Kim Myung-soo in the 2021 KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won''. See also
 List of monarchs of Korea

Notes

1357 births
1419 deaths
14th-century Korean monarchs
15th-century Korean monarchs

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title: Hasaan Ibn Ali

texts:
<mask> (born William Henry Langford, Jr.; May 6, 1931 – 1980) was an American jazz pianist and composer. <mask> was strongly influenced by Elmo Hope, and his playing was rapid and intense, retaining a sense of rhythm even when his style became increasingly unconventional. Only one recording of his playing – The Max Roach Trio Featuring the Legendary Hasaan – was released in his lifetime. <mask> built a reputation in Philadelphia, where he influenced musicians including John Coltrane, but he remained little known elsewhere. Life and career
<mask> was born William Henry Langford, Jr. in Philadelphia on May 6, 1931. His mother was a domestic worker. In 1946 (aged 15), he toured with trumpeter Joe Morris's rhythm and blues band.In 1950, he played locally with Clifford Brown, Miles Davis, J. J. Johnson, Max Roach, and others. Based in Philadelphia, <mask> freelanced and acquired a reputation locally as "an original composer and theorist", in musicologist Lewis Porter's words. The pianist performed with Horace Arnold in New York City in 1959, and again in 1961–62, in a trio with Henry Grimes. According to Roach, while visiting New York, <mask> went from club to club to play, and sometimes at the drummer's home in the middle of the night continued to play unaccompanied on the piano there. The drummer routinely recorded <mask>'s playing in this way when the pianist visited. The Library of Congress has a 1964 recording of an <mask> solo improvisation, recorded at Roach's home. John Murph in JazzTimes described it in 2014: "Thoroughly modern with a whimsical rhythmic undertow and wayward melodic passages, it sounds like a new Jason Moran composition."An album, The Max Roach Trio Featuring the Legendary Hasaan, was recorded on December 4 and 7, 1964, and released six months later. The trio also featured Roach and bassist Art Davis, and the album consisted of seven tracks, all written by <mask>. The recording opportunity was initiated by Roach, who used his influence with Nesuhi Ertegun of Atlantic Records to secure the session for <mask>. Alan Sukoenig, in his liner notes to the album, wrote: "For a while it appeared that it was <mask> <mask>'s destiny to be known – to those who had heard of him at all – as the extraordinary jazz pianist from Philadelphia who had never made a record." After the album, <mask>'s profile receded once more. According to music journalist Tom Moon, <mask> was "Described by (usually tolerant) jazz musicians as eccentric and/or unstable". Saxophonist Odean Pope, who was mentored by <mask>, stated that the pianist "was so advanced that musicians shied away from him.[...] He was very dedicated, very sincere, but also very outspoken [...] If he were in a club, and the pianist wasn't making it, <mask> would push him right off the bench and start playing himself." Pope also described the times that they practised together, over a period of several years, in the house that <mask> lived in with his parents. Pope arrived at the house in the morning, and they played from 9:30 until 12:00, had a break for lunch and to play chess, then continued practising until four or five o'clock. <mask> then got dressed, having been in his bathrobe, and they went out to play in the homes of people nearby, for "a couple dollars and some hot tea". <mask> had further studio sessions, with Pope, Art Davis and drummer Khalil Madi, on August 23 and September 7, 1965. The master tapes were destroyed in the fire at Atlantic's warehouse at Long Branch, New Jersey in 1978. Pope believed that the recordings were not released by Atlantic because the label found out that the pianist had been imprisoned shortly after the sessions for drug offences.A copy of the recording was uncovered decades later; CD and LP versions were released as Metaphysics: The Lost Atlantic Album by Omnivore Recordings in 2021. A 2-CD set featuring <mask>, Retrospect in Retirement of Delay: The Solo Recordings {Omnivore), was released later in 2021. "Reckless with his health, Hasaan died young", commented writer Geoffrey Haydon in 2002. The New Grove Dictionary of Jazz states that <mask> died in Philadelphia in 1980 (aged 48 or 49). <mask>'s parents had been killed in a fire that destroyed their home at 2406 North Gratz Street on October 24 that year. He went to a recreation centre for homeless people after the fire. Playing style and influences
A reviewer for The Glasgow Herald in 1965 commented on <mask>'s playing on the Atlantic album with Roach that "One's first reaction is astonishment at the blazing finger technique, [...] and the complete individuality of his harmonics [sic]".AllMusic reviewer Scott Yanow described <mask>'s playing on the album as "intense, somewhat virtuosic and rhythmic, yet often melodic in a quirky way". Drummer Sherman Ferguson said of <mask>, "he was a prime example of somebody that was very avant-garde in some ways, but he was always musical. So people of all ages liked his music, even when he played out. [...He] had that thing, where he had a natural feeling. He got to the thing where it swung no matter what he was doing." Saxophonist Benny Golson commented that <mask> "became very skilled at the modern sounds, and then went right past them into something very esoteric. He went way out there.I guess you could say his brakes didn't work." Jazz critic Kenny Mathieson described <mask> as "An Elmo Hope acolyte with a rhythmic quirkiness that had him compared with [Thelonious] Monk and [Herbie] Nichols". <mask> himself credited Hope with being his main inspiration: "by meeting Mr Hope it was like talking to and having acquaintance with the mystery of music, who explained not by the ruler or lip but with music. So from him I heard how to learn." Legacy
Pope credits <mask> with influencing saxophonist John Coltrane's sheets of sound approach. <mask> examined the possibilities of playing fourths, and of using "chord progressions that moved by seconds or thirds instead of fifths, in playing a variety of scales and arpeggios against each chord" – features later used extensively in Coltrane's playing. A home recording of <mask> playing with Coltrane and others in 1952 may exist.Pope also commented that "every important musician who came out of this area [Philadelphia] in the fifties and sixties, including McCoy Tyner, learned from him." Notes

References

Bibliography

1931 births
1980 deaths
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
American male jazz musicians
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Hasaan Ibn Ali
Ibn Ali
Ibn Ali
Hasaan Ibn Ali
Ibn Ali
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Hasaan
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title: Sharif ibn Ali

texts:
<mask><mask> () – also known as  <mask>-<mask> or <mask>f, Moulay Cherif, Moulay al-<mask> or Muhammad I – was born in 1589 and died June 5, 1659, at Sijilmasa. He was an Arab Emir of Tafilalt from 1631 to 1636. He was a Sharif whose family claimed descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandson Hasan. He is considered to have been the founder of the Alaouite Dynasty of Morocco as the father of Sidi Mohammed, Moulay Rachid and Moulay Ismail. Family origins
The Alaouites were a family of sharifian religious notables (shurafa in Arabic) who claimed descent from Prophet Muhammad via his descendant Hasan, the son of <mask> and of Prophet Muhammad's daughter Fatimah. According to the dynasty's official history, the family migrated from the Hejaz (in Arabia) to the Tafilalt during the 12th or 13th century at the request of the locals who hoped that the presence of a sharifian family would benefit the region. It is possible that the Alaouites were merely one of many Arab families who moved westwards to Morocco during this period.The Tafilalt was an oasis region in the Ziz Valley in eastern Morocco which's capital is Sijilmasa, historically an important terminus of the trans-Saharan trade routes. Moulay <mask>'s first ancestor to have established himself in Morocco after migrating from Hijaz is Moulay Hassan al-Dakhil in the 13th century. He was Imam of Sijilmassa and like him, his posterity resided in Sijilmasa. Moulay <mask>'s family were the spiritual leaders of Sijilmasa. His 4th degree ancestor, Moulay Youssef, succeeded his father Moulay <mask> I at the head of the zaouia. Historian Mohammed al-Ifrani quotes that the act which confirms this authority was still, in the 17th century, in the hands of one of his great-grandchildren. Moulay <mask> is the 4th generation descendant of Moulay Youssef and his wife Seyida (Lady in Arabic) Khalifa Tālākakīn al-Ṣanhājī of the Almoravid.Biography

Character
Since his teenage years, Moulay <mask> was reported to be a virtuous man and the most prominent of his father Moulay <mask> III's sons. Adult, he was a trustworthy man as in time of need people from Sijilmasa and the Maghreb (Morocco) would solicit him for mediation. Reign
Moulay <mask> was born in (November 9?) 1589 as the eldest son of Moulay <mask>f. Before his ascension, he was Mukadam (General in Arabic) in Sijilmasa and commanded a body of troops. In 1631, Moulay <mask> was proclaimed Emir of Tafilalet by the Sijilmassa inhabitants. Tafilalet is a region composed of ksours which all held equal status and traded together.Historians agree that Moulay <mask> did not conquer all ksours in Tafilalet but instead was unanimously proclaimed Emir of Tafilalet as people held the man in high esteem and regarded his prestigious sharifian lineage as upmost legitimacy for leadership. Moulay <mask>'s rise to sovereignty took place when the power of the Saadi Sultanate was in serious decline and multiple regional factions rebelled and fought for control of what is present-day Morocco. Among the most powerful of these factions were the Dilaites, a federation of Sanhaja Amazigh in the Middle Atlas who increasingly dominated central Morocco at this time, reaching the peak of their power in the 1640s when their Leader Mohammed al-Hajj al-Dila'i conquered Fez and Salé. Another faction was lead by Aboulhasen <mask> ben Mohammed Essoussi Essemlali (commonly named Bou Hasen/ Abu Hassun), who initially serving the Saadis had rebelled with his men and became Leader of the Sous valley and Dra'a since 1614. Bou Hasen was a very good friend of Moulay <mask>, the two men had very intimate links of friendship. In 1633, Tabouasamt citadel inhabitants still rejected Moulay <mask>'s authority. Tabouassemt is a town surrounded by a citadel situated 20 km in the South of Tafilalet.A great enmity existed between Moulay <mask> and the Beni Ezzoubir inhabitants of Tabouasamt. The latter were prideful of their mighty citadel and their wealth from commerce which resulted in their rejection of any central authority from Sijilmasa. Moulay <mask> called his good friend Bou Hasen for help in the Tafilalt, while Tabouasamt inhabitants called the Dilaites. Both summoned responded to their call and the two armies of Bou Hasen and the Dilaites met in Sijilmasa. However, July 8, 1633, the armies separated without fighting, peace was made to avoid spilling the blood of Muslims. When the people of Tabouasamt saw the great friendship and intimate ties that linked Emir Moulay <mask> and Bou Hasen they put meticulous effort at aiming to break these links. They expressed a devotion without borders to Bou Hasen and would have their children serve him exclusively.Their efforts paid off as reasons for discord between the two men multiplied and their relationship ended in a definitive rupture. Bou Hasen who after Tabouasamt people's machination took their party established one of his men, Bou Bekr, as Governor of Sijilmasa to align with the peace treaty of non aggression between Moulay <mask> and Tabouasamt. He went back to Sous afterwards. Moulay <mask>'s eldest son Sidi Mohammed not fooled by Tabouasamt people's successful machination against his father's authority, took the opportunity to take revenge of their deeds. With 200 horsemen, by night he assaulted the citadel. His men made a hole on one of the walls of the citadel and a portion managed to enter it, some other of his men also climbed the wall. Once inside, they massacred part of the sleeping citadel and slaughtered the defenseless inhabitants.Sidi Mohammed and his men looted the citadel and with this assault, captured Tabouasamt. Moulay <mask> was informed of the capture of the citadel by his son, he was very pleased and this act healed his heart of further revenge he was planning on them. The following day of the capture of Tabouasamt, Moulay <mask> entered the citadel victorious and a procession took place. Defeated, Tabouasamt inhabitants recognized Moulay <mask> as their sovereign. When Bou Hasen heard of the news he got extremely angry and ordered his partisans in Sijilmassa to manage to capture Moulay <mask>. Earliest accounts of this episode which are from historian Mohammed al-Ifrani claim that Bou Hasen wanted to capture only Moulay <mask> and tasked the Governor of Sijilmasa his partisan to do so.Al Naciri too supports this version. While Al Zayani claims that Bou Hasen tasked in secret Tabouasamt's inhabitants to capture either Moulay <mask> or his eldest son Sidi Mohammed and that he was coming to Tabouasamt to take the captured home in Sous.Bou Hasen succeeded in his plan and in both versions Moulay <mask> was captured by treason and sent to Sous a prisoner. The precise date of his capture in not stated by historic sources, however it happened shortly after the capture of Tabouasamt by Sidi Mohammed, therefore, between 1634 and 1635. Other historic sources claim that Moulay <mask> led an attack against Abu Hassun's garrison at Tabuasamt in 1635 or 1636 (1045 AH) but failed to expel them. Abu Hassun forced him to go into exile to the Sous valley. Captivity
Bou Hasen kept Moulay <mask> a prisoner in Sous, inside a citadel. His release was granted upon paying a considerable ransom. Moulay <mask> was a captive of Bou Hasen but he also treated him well.Among other things, Bou Hasen gifted him a mulatto slave from the M'gharfa tribe who later gave birth to one of his son, Moulay Ismail. In 1637 (1047 AH), Sidi Mohammed upon amassing the huge ransom bought his father's freedom and Moulay <mask> went back home in Sijilmasa. While his father was a captive, his eldest son Sidi Mohammed(or Muhammad II) took up the struggle and became the de facto Emir. Upon Moulay <mask>'s release in 1637 and when he was safely far from Sous, Sidi Mohammed successfully led a rebellion which expelled Bou Hasen's followers from Sijilmasa. With this success, on April 23, 1640, he was proclaimed Emir of Tafilalt in place of his father, who relinquished the throne to him. Later years and death
Having relinquished the throne to his eldest son Sidi Mohammed, Moulay <mask> abandoned politics and concentrated his life in piety and in the seeking of God's favors. Moulay <mask> was very close to his youngest sons to whom he was affectionate.During one notable episode of his later life, Arabs from in Tafilalet offered him gifts when they came to great him. Among those gifts were a Spanish slave to serve him. The man Dom Louis, was a Spanish captive stolen from his master Ben Bakar in Tafilalet. Moulay <mask> instead of being grateful from their present thought bad the robbery of the slave from his master. Moulay <mask> was going to order him brought back to his master but changed his mind when his young boys wanted to keep him as they had no Christian slaves and the man looked healthy. He kept Dom Louis in his services to please his sons, but as each of his young sons wanted Dom Louis, he organized a draw which was won by Moulay Ismail and Moulay Hachem. Quickly Dom Louis became very close to his young masters with whom he had very close bonds.Moulay <mask> died at Sijilmasa (near present-day Rissani), Tafilalt, on 5 June 1659. Upon his death, his eldest son Sidi Mohammed was once again proclaimed sovereign. But Sidi Mohammed's strong rivalry with his half-brother Moulay Rachid made the latter flee Tafilalet in fear of Sidi Mohammed's retaliation. In 1664 however, Moulay Rachid who auto-proclaimed himself Sultan battled his eldest brother Sultan Sidi Mohammed at the Angad Plains and was victorious while his brother perished. Moulay Rachid then became the first Alaouite Sultan of Morocco and went on to assert control over most of present-day Morocco. Moulay <mask>'s mausoleum is the center of a mosque and religious complex in Rissani today. The complex was rebuilt in 1955 following flood damage.Personal life
Moulay <mask> issued 208 children, he had 84 boys and 124 girls. He had a harem of slave concubines, one of them a mulatto slave concubine of the M'ghafra tribe. Moulay <mask>'s more prominent sons are: his eldest son Sultan Sidi Mohammed, Moulay Elkebir, Moulay Elharran, Moulay Mehrez, Moulay Rachid, Moulay Boufares, Moulay Ismail and Moulay Ahmed, the youngest among his famous sons. References

1589 births
1659 deaths
Arab princes
17th-century Arabs
17th-century Muslims
People from Rissani
Sultans of Morocco
A
Moroccan people of Arab descent
People from Tafilalt
16th-century Arabs
16th-century Moroccan people
17th-century Moroccan people
17th-century monarchs in Africa
Hasanids

masks:
Abul Amlak Moulay Sharif ibn '
Ali
Moulay Ali al
Sharif
Moulay Ali Cheri
Sharif
Ali
Sharif
Sharif
Ali Cherif
Sharif
Sharif
Ali Cherif
Sharif
Ali Cheri
Sharif
Sharif
Sharif
Ali
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title: Mark McDowell

texts:
<mask> (born October 8, 1962) is a Canadian diplomat and was the first resident Ambassador of Canada to the Union of the Republic of Myanmar. He is considered an Asia hand and is a specialist in the fields of public diplomacy and digital diplomacy. He has been characterized as "an unconventional diplomat" and a champion of LGBTIQ rights. In October 2016, he took an extended leave from the Canadian foreign service and joined the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA). He is currently the head of International IDEA's Myanmar office. Education
Attracted by its "counterculture atmosphere", <mask> attended Innis College at the University of Toronto. He received a MA from University of Toronto in East Asian Studies in 1988.In 2018 he attended the Kennedy School of Government as a Fulbright Scholar, earning a Master of Public Administration, and stayed on as a visiting Research Scholar at the Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation. Public Diplomacy and E-diplomacy
<mask> is known as an innovator in public diplomacy and e-diplomacy. Canada's Globe and Mail credits him with "helping drag the Department of Foreign Affairs into the Internet age", and Canada's former Ambassador to China called him "among the most original of thinkers when it comes to using social media". E-diplomacy
Ambassador <mask> is a frequent speaker and participant in e-diplomacy conferences, offering a practitioners perspective. In 2015 he spoke at events organized by the foreign ministries of Armenia and the Netherlands. He is known for starting Canada's social media presence in China with "canadaweibo" on the Chinese Sina Weibo platform. Canadaweibo grew from zero to 400,000 followers within two years, becoming the second largest and most influential embassy site in China after the USA's.Similarly, he made social media a priority during his posting in Myanmar. In an interview with Mizzima News, he explains that social media was prioritized because the embassy was "starting late, and from scratch, with small budgets. The only way we could compete with other embassies for the attention of the Myanmar people was through cyberspace." By the time <mask> finished his term, the embassy's Facebook page had over 300,000 followers, making it by far the largest Canadian Embassy page in the world. Since his term ended in September 2016, he started a new page to detail his post-diplomatic life `X-Ambassador to Myanmar, <mask>'. <mask>'s work in e-government is longstanding. He gave the government of Canada's address to the United Nations World Summit on the Information Society in 2002.At that time he also took a leading role in initiatives in Canada related to getting Aboriginal communities online, and disseminating news about the international activities of Canadian Aboriginal peoples. Public Diplomacy
<mask> has worked on public diplomacy throughout his diplomatic career, and was a Director of Public Diplomacy and Domestic Outreach in Canada’s Department of Foreign Affairs. He wrote a brief primer on public diplomacy based on a talk he delivered at the 100th Anniversary Edward R. Murrow Memorial Conference at the Fletcher School for Law and Diplomacy (see www.fletcherforum.org/2012/07/26/32-3/). In a 2010 talk at the Fletcher School on the connection between domestic outreach and public diplomacy abroad, he coined the concept of "Total Diplomacy", engaging and partnering with segments of the domestic audience to achieve foreign policy goals. <mask> has been connected with "panda diplomacy" for his work in bringing a pair of Chinese pandas to Canada, and "sports diplomacy" for his public diplomacy in Myanmar connected with the traditional Burmese sport of chinlone. A conversation with <mask> forms one of the chapters of Chinese public diplomacy thinker Zhao Qizheng's 2012 book "The Wisdom of Public Diplomacy: Cross-Border Dialogues". Diplomatic career

Myanmar
<mask> was named Canada's first ever resident ambassador to Myanmar in March 2013.Because of the long period of sanctions imposed by Canada on Myanmar, the relationship between the two countries was very limited and cold. Since taking up his job in June 2013, relations have warmed considerably, with Canada naming Myanmar a priority country for both trade and aid and opening a visa office. Ambassador <mask> has focused much of his attention on supporting grassroots democracy and human rights organizations working on issues such as freedom of speech and voter and civic education. Canada has also started to cooperate on security related issues like border management and prevention of human trafficking. He has staked out a leading role for Canada in the area of federalism and minority rights, and in the promotion of LGBTIQ rights in this laboratory for democracy. "Pride abroad Canada’s support of LGBTIQ activism in Asia" describes Canada's leading role in supporting the nascent LGBTIQ movement in Myanmar, and <mask>'s high profile as a supportive Ambassador. The Embassy of Canada has had success in rapidly raising Canada's public profile in Myanmar, through both traditional and social media.Its Facebook presence has over 300,000 followers on its Burmese, English, and French pages. The English language page has the highest following of any Canadian Embassy page in the world. China
<mask> served in Beijing from 2010-2013. Thailand
<mask> was head of the political section in Thailand from 2003-2007. He managed the Embassy throughout the Indian Ocean Tsunami crisis. During his term in Thailand, there was significant unrest in the south of the country, attributed to Muslim terrorist groups. <mask> led Canada's engagement in this region.<mask> began his work on LGBTIQ issues with his support for the First International Asian Gay and Lesbian Studies Conference in Bangkok in 2005, where he spoke on the topic of marriage equality. Aboriginal Affairs
<mask> was deputy Director for Aboriginal Affairs in the Global Issues Bureau from 2001-2003. Taiwan
McDowell served in Taipei from 1997-2001. References

Ambassadors of Canada to Myanmar
Living people
1962 births
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
University of Toronto alumni

masks:
Mark McDowell
McDowell
McDowell
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Mark McDowell
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McDowell


title: John Chavis (American football)

texts:
<mask> (born October 16, 1956), nicknamed "The Chief", is an American Football coach, who most recently served as defensive coordinator for the Arkansas Razorbacks football team and former defensive coordinator, linebacker coach, and associate head coach at the Tennessee Volunteers football, LSU Tigers football, and Texas A&M Aggies football programs. Playing career
<mask> joined Tennessee's football squad as a walk-on defensive lineman. He played sparingly in 1976, picking up two tackles. He delivered an explosive performance in the 1977 Orange-and-White Game, and briefly pushed future All-SEC lineman Jim Noonan for the starting spot at middle guard. Playing as a backup to Noonan, <mask> registered 40 tackles (26 solo) and two sacks, and was awarded a scholarship at the end of the year. Prior to the 1978 season (his senior year), <mask> switched to defensive tackle, and was vaulted into the starting slot after Bill Christian suffered a season-ending knee injury. He finished the year with 32 tackles (19 solo).During his playing career at UT, Chavis had 74 tackles (46 solo) and two sacks. He lettered in 1977 and 1978 and received his degree from the College of Education in 1979. He was initially served by coach Bill Battle, but spent his final two seasons served by Battle's replacement, <mask>. His position coach was former Atlanta Falcons lineman Jim Dyar. <mask> is a native of Dillon, South Carolina. He played high school football at Dillon High School under long-time coach Paul Chapman. Coaching career

Early career
Before returning to Tennessee (where he had briefly been a graduate assistant), <mask> had been defensive coordinator at Alabama A&M, a historically Black university.There he led the defense of the Division II school to the best defensive record in the nation. The Bulldogs ranked first in total defense in 1987 and 1988. Before taking the defensive coordinator job at Alabama A&M, <mask> coached as a graduate assistant at Tennessee in 1979, as defensive line coach at Alabama A&M from 1980–83 and then as defensive line coach and defensive coordinator at Alabama State in 1984-85. Tennessee
Chavis returned to Tennessee in 1989 as defensive line and linebackers coach under his former college coach, <mask>. He was promoted to defensive coordinator under Majors' successor, Phillip Fulmer, in 1995. Under <mask>' watch, Tennessee gained a reputation for fielding some of the stingiest defenses in the nation. Following the national championship season of 1998, <mask> was named the SEC's outstanding linebacker coach.Tennessee's defense led the SEC in 1996 and ranked in the top three five of the past seven years. In addition to supervising linebackers and the overall defense, <mask> in 1999 was named assistant head coach. Following the 2006 season, <mask> was named as the Assistant Football Coach of the Year by the American Football Coaches Association. <mask> and other members of the staff saw increased pressure after a slow start to the 2007 season, including double-digit losses to California and Florida. Yet, the 2007 Tennessee team competed in the SEC Championship game against an LSU team that won the National Championship that year. In that SEC Championship game against LSU, the final score was 21 to 14, with 7 of LSU's points coming from an interception return for a touchdown. A year later Les Miles reached out to <mask> to become the defensive coordinator for LSU largely due to how impressed Miles was with Chief's defensive performance at the SEC Championship game.<mask>' career at Tennessee came to an end in the 2008 season. Following a 3-6 start and a  loss to Steve Spurrier and South Carolina, Phillip Fulmer announced the following Monday that he, at the University's decision, would step down as head coach. Fulmer's resignation would ultimately oust <mask> as defensive coordinator. <mask>' final three games would bring confidence but major disappointment to his final days with Tennessee, starting with an embarrassing 13-7 loss to Wyoming which would keep Tennessee from making a bowl for the second time in four years. Though disappointing, Wyoming only had to move the ball 7 yards for those two scoring drives. Remarkably, <mask>' 2008 defense finished 3rd nationally and 1st in the SEC in Total Defense despite the 2008 Tennessee Total Offense ranking of 115th. <mask> would win his final game at Tennessee against the University of Kentucky, 28-10, continuing a 24-game win streak against the Wildcats."I look at their defense. Coach <mask>, he's done a great job for a long time." - Charlie Weis (Notre Dame Head Coach). LSU
On January 5, 2009, <mask> was named the defensive coordinator at LSU. While with the Tigers, his defenses were consistently ranked among the nation's best. The 2011 LSU team finished the regular season undefeated which included a 9-6 overtime victory over Alabama. LSU played in the 2011 national championship game.Chief was the recipient of the 2011 Broyles Award as the best assistant coach in college football. As of 2013, Chavis has seen 19 players that he's coached at LSU selected in the NFL draft, including five in the first round. Texas A&M
The day of LSU's 2014 Music City Bowl loss to Notre Dame, Chavis turned down a three-year, $5.4 million offer from Les Miles. That same day, it was reported that <mask> had accepted an offer from Texas A&M to take their then vacant defensive coordinator position. He officially signed a contract to accept the position on February 12, 2015, which guaranteed him $1.5 million in 2015, $1.55 million in 2016 and $1.6 million in 2017, not including potential bonuses. After the 2017 season, Texas A&M fired head coach Kevin Sumlin, and hired Florida State head coach Jimbo Fisher. Fisher did not retain <mask> as defensive coordinator, instead hiring Mike Elko away from Notre Dame.Arkansas
In January 2018, <mask> was hired to be the defensive coordinator for the Arkansas Razorbacks, under new head coach Chad Morris. Chavis was terminated for convenience following the 2019 season with a $1.25 million buyout. Family
<mask> and his wife, Diane Crisp <mask>, are the parents of two sons, C. <mask> (age ) and <mask> (age ). References

External links
 LSU Tigers bio

1956 births
Living people
Alabama A&M Bulldogs football coaches
Alabama State Hornets football coaches
Arkansas Razorbacks football coaches
LSU Tigers football coaches
Texas A&M Aggies football coaches
Tennessee Volunteers football coaches
Tennessee Volunteers football players
People from Dillon, South Carolina
Native American sportspeople

masks:
Johnny Chavis
Chavis
Chavis
Chavis
Johnny Majors
Chavis
Chavis
Chavis
Johnny Majors
Chavis
Chavis
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John Chavis
Jason Chavis


title: Milan Stamatović

texts:
<mask> (Serbian Cyrillic: Милан Стаматовић, , born 24 May 1960) is a Serbian politician who has been the President of the municipality of Čajetina since 2004. He was an independent candidate in the 2017 Serbian presidential election. Political career

Early career and campaigns
From 1996 to 2000, <mask> was a member of the Democratic Movement of Serbia in opposition to Slobodan Milošević. In 2000, he joined the Democratic Party of Serbia, which he represented until 2014. In 2014, <mask>, Nenad Popović, and others left DSS to form the Serbian People's Party. In Čajetina's municipal election in April 2016, <mask> campaigned with the support of a DSS-PUPS-SNP coalition and was elected to his fourth mandate with 56.33% of the vote, resulting in a rare loss of the state-ruling SNS. Municipal presidency of Čajetina
In the summer of 2007, the local police chief in Čajetina resigned amidst a crisis in which the police could not regulate illegal construction in the municipality.When Stamatović planned to have dozens of illegal buildings knocked down, he received several threats. In an investigative report, Stamtović told Danas:

<mask>'s predecessor for municipal president, Radovan Jojić from the opposing Democratic Party, gave a similar testament to Danas that during his mandate (2000-2004), people were given permission to build apartments of a certain capacity, but that those capacities were overwhelmingly ignored. In May 2009, Večernje novosti published another investigative article about Zlatibor featuring <mask>, who told Novosti that "no matter how much the government denies the existence of the [illegal] construction mafia, I'm confirming that it exists." The same report asserted that Serbian criminal Sreten Jocić bought several properties in Zlatibor, and that Bosko Radonjich was the owner of a local bar called "Boss". Despite his municipality's history of underground activity, <mask> oversaw Čajetina recording an unprecedented unemployment rate of only 7% in 2014, which was significantly below the national average at the time. That same year, the municipality of Čajetina reported a budget surplus of 150 million Serbian dinars. On May 29, 2015, the first Office for Cooperation with the Russian Federation was opened in Čajetina as a resource for Russian seasonal tourists in Zlatibor.In July 2015, the Ministry of Construction, Transport, and Infrastructure accused Stamatović of obstructing a state-sponsored cadastral survey in Čajetina. Later that summer, <mask> formed a Local Advisory for Migrations in response to the European migrant crisis, but concluded that Čajetina "could not host migrants." In a discussion with Blic, <mask> claimed that he "totally understands the problems of migrants", but he added his concerns in the following statements:

In November 2016, <mask> sent a publicized letter to the embassies of Russia, the United States, China, Germany, France, Switzerland, and the United Nations Development Programme, stating that Čajetina is "discriminated against and targeted by state organs". Although the letter covered a wide range of issues in southwestern Serbia, the issue which prompted <mask> to write the letter was Serbia's anti-corruption agency SBPOK (Acronym for "Služba za borbu protiv organizovanog kriminala") controlling business in Čajetina and looking into the local government's records, which were allegedly subject to various inspections beforehand. Other grievances discussed in the letter included the government obstruction of the gondola lift planned in Zlatibor, and a warning that "the lake and 200 acres of land may fall into private hands without compensation [to the local government]." Zlatibor lake affair
In 2016, a legal conflict developed when <mask> sued the family of Slobodan Jeremić, whose wife had built a local bar near the waterfront of Kraljeva Voda. The family subsequently sued Stamatović for slander, and an appeals court ruled in the family's favor, concluding with a penalty of 300,000 dinars to Stamatović.However, <mask> took the case up to the acting National Ombudsman, Saša Janković, to help protect Zlatibor's public property from the Jeremić family. Janković stated that the Serbian constitution prevented him from interfering in the ruling of the appeals court, but added that he was "impressed by the resilience with which the municipal president of Čajetina insists on the general interests of Zlatibor" and that he "fully supports <mask> in this endeavor". Zlatibor gondola crisis
From December 2016, <mask> got into a conflict with Minister Zorana Mihajlović after she delayed state permits for the construction of a gondola lift in Zlatibor. In defiance of the government's delay of approval, <mask> called for a public work action to construct the foundations of the gondola lift. The local board of the SNS accused the work action as anarchy, stating that attending the work action is "a criminal act" and punishable by up to three years in prison. In a radical change of legal terms, Stamtović replied to the SNS statement when he referred the gondola "the people's property". In spite of legal threats, approximately 2,000 volunteers came to <mask>'s work action in Zlatibor on February 11, 2017.In January 2021 the gondola was opened and President of the republic Aleksandar Vučić was present at the opening ceremony. <mask> commented on his attendance as "the beginning of dialogue between the government and opposition". 2017 presidential campaign
On 6 December 2016, Blic announced that <mask> filed for candidacy in the 2017 Serbian presidential election. Although <mask> was a member of the Serbian People's Party at the time of the announcement, the party did not officially endorse his bid for presidency, and so <mask> started campaigning as an independent candidate. In January 2017, <mask> confirmed that the Serbian People's Party would not endorse his candidacy for president. On March 16, 2017, <mask> gave up his membership with the Serbian People's Party. In a December 2016 survey by agency "Faktor Plus", <mask> was polling at approximately 3% on the national level.However, the survey assumed that Tomislav Nikolić would run for president, which he decided not to do. On February 26, 2017, former vice-president of the Movement of Socialists Bratislav Jugović pulled out of the presidential race to endorse <mask>. In the presidential election, <mask> won 1.16% of the national vote. However, he had a strong regional showing, winning 61.23% of the votes in his hometown Čajetina. In Užice, he won 17.22% of the vote. Zlatibor military camp 2018
Stamatović and Čajetina county supported and helped organized para-military camp "Omladinsko-patriotki kamp Zlatibor 2018" for children. The camp was closed after journalists wrote about it in 2018.Political positions

Decentralization
In an interview with Danas in September 2014, <mask> said that one of his fundamental disagreements with DSS was on decentralization, and argued that fiscal decentralization is key to Serbia's economic recovery. <mask> lobbied intensely for the re-opening of Ponikve Airport in Užice to commercial flights. In an essay called "Together for the Airport", he argued that Western Serbia is isolated with the lack of a functioning airport, and that the region is too cut off from Belgrade and Pan-European Corridor X to attract more tourists from foreign countries. While president of the municipality of Čajetina, <mask> proposed that his municipality could contribute up to €100,000 per year for the operation of Ponikve Airport, even though the airport is located in a neighboring city. He proposed the contribution in coordination with the City of Užice and eight other municipalities who offered to contribute an annual sum to Ponikve Airport. Foreign policy

European Union
In December 2016, <mask> proposed that on the day of the 2017 Serbian presidential election, that a referendum be held on whether voters want Serbia to enter the European Union or not. The proposal was generally well received among Serbian pundits, although the chief editor of The New Serbian Political Thought Đorđe Vukadinović commented that it was unlikely for Aleksandar Vučić to allow such a referendum given his appeal to pro-EU voters.Kosovo
<mask> criticized the Brussels Agreement during his first presidential campaign, calling it "anti-Serbian". On the eighteenth anniversary of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, <mask> told an audience in Smederevska Palanka that Kosovo should "be freed from occupation". References

1960 births
Living people
Serbian eurosceptics
Mayors of places in Serbia
Candidates for President of Serbia
Democratic Party of Serbia politicians
Serbian People's Party (2014) politicians
Healthy Serbia politicians

masks:
Milan Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović
Stamatović


title: James Dearing

texts:
<mask> (April 25, 1840 – April 22, 1865) was a Confederate States Army officer during the American Civil War who served in the artillery and cavalry. Dearing entered West Point in 1858 and resigned on April 22, 1861, when Virginia seceded from the Union. Dearing was mortally wounded at the Battle of High Bridge during the Appomattox Campaign of 1865, making him one of the last officers to die in the war. Despite serving as a commander of a cavalry brigade and using the grade of brigadier general after he was nominated to that grade by Confederate President Jefferson Davis, Dearing did not officially achieve the grade of brigadier general because the Confederate Senate did not approve his nomination. His actual permanent grade was colonel. Early life
<mask> was born in Campbell County, Virginia. He was a great-grandson of Colonel Charles Lynch, a famous revolutionary war veteran who probably gave his name to what is now known as "lynching".A graduate of Hanover Academy he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy in 1858, where he was described as "a reckless, handsome boy" who introduced the tune "Dixie" to the academy, earning him the reputation of a secessionist and demerits from his superiors. Nonetheless, he was ranked first in his class of 1862. When his home state seceded he resigned, just short of the premature graduation of his class, on April 22, 1861. Civil War
<mask> traveled to Richmond, Virginia, getting a commission as lieutenant of artillery in the Virginia Militia. He joined the recently arrived Washington Artillery from New Orleans, Louisiana; and was commissioned as 2nd Lieutenant and drill instructor in the 3rd company. He participated in the First Battle of Bull Run while being assigned to the 1st company as part of the 4th Brigade of Colonel Jubal Early in the Army of the Potomac, and served as volunteer aide to his battalion commander Major <mask>. Walton. Dearing was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in July 1861; and to captain in April 1862 when he became commander of the reorganized Lynchburg ("Latham´s") Battery.<mask>'s (Virginia) Battery was attached to George E. Pickett's Brigade and supported it in the Peninsular Campaign, where Dearing was highly praised by Lieutenant General <mask>, and in the Second Battle of Bull Run. When Pickett was elevated to division command in Longstreet's First Corps in September <mask>'s battery was assigned to the division and fought in the Battle of Fredericksburg. Captain <mask> was promoted to Major in early 1863, and was appointed Chief of Artillery in Pickett's Division. In April his battalion - made up of the batteries of Captains Stribling ("Fauquier"), Caskie ("Hampden"), Macon ("Richmond Fayette") and Blount (Dearing's old Lynchburg) - was officially organized as 38th Battalion, Virginia Light Artillery. He led his unit with the division into Longstreet's Tidewater Operations and the Siege of Suffolk. At the Battle of Gettysburg Dearing's Battalion was in camp near Chambersburg and marched on morning of July 2. While his men were on the march Major <mask> rode ahead to the battlefield and offered his services to Lieutenant Colonel E. Porter Alexander of the corps reserve artillery.Alexander, who's battalion supported the division of Major General Lafayette McLaws in its assault of the Peach Orchard, gave <mask> the command of two of his batteries. Those batteries, Jordan's "Bedford" and Woolfolk's "Ashland", were on the right of Alexander's line; and participated in the charge of Barksdale and Kershaw. On July 3 <mask>'s battalion took part in the massive artillery barrage prior to Pickett's Charge, positioned right in the center supporting Pickett's division. Inflicting heavy damage Dearing's batteries suffered from counter-battery fire, but stayed in position and was reinforced by numerous guns and sections on Col. Alexander's orders. After the initial charge Dearing's guns supported the advance of Anderson's brigades and put shell against the counterattack of George Stannard's 2nd Vermont Brigade, wounding the later. Afterwards of Gettysburg Pickett was assigned to command the Department of Southern Virginia and North Carolina; and <mask> went with him. When Pickett needed a mounted force for his operations he selected Major <mask> to command it, and <mask> gathered some 200 men for a provisional battalion.On January 12, 1864, a new cavalry regiment was proposed for service with Pickett, and he recommended Dearing as the commanding officer. Secretary of war <mask>. Seddon approved it the next day and <mask>, officially a Lieutenant Colonel of artillery, was promoted to provisional Colonel of cavalry. His regiment, known as 8th Confederate  (or simply "Dearing´s Confederate") Cavalry, was composed of the former 12th North Carolina Cavalry Battalion and several other companies, as well as a battery of light artillery. In April 1864, while <mask> participated in the operations again New Bern and Plymouth, he was ordered back to the Army of Northern Virginia with his official rank of Lieutenant Colonel; to take command of its horse artillery. Virtually at the same time the opening phases of the Siege of Petersburg changed Colonel <mask>'s service branch again. On April 29, 1864, he was slated for promotion to brigadier general; and though his promotion was not approved by the Congress of the Confederate States he served with that rank as commander of a cavalry brigade. Still in the Department of Southern Virginia and North Carolina, now under command of P.G.T.Beauregard, <mask> and his confederate brigade (with its own artillery) served as scout and fire brigade. In July <mask> was given a command in the ANV again, serving in the cavalry division of Major General W.H.F. "Rooney" Lee. His new brigade consisted of the 8th Georgia, 4th and 65th North Carolina cavalry regiments as well as the 16th North Carolina Battalion; later changed included the addition of the 7th Confederate Cavalry. He was falsely reported to be killed in the Battle of Boydton Plank Road. When Beauregard gained command of the Department of the West in winter 1864 he recommended Dearing for a division command, but his recommendation was not followed. During the Appomattox Campaign <mask> was given another brigade in the division of his old friend and West Point classmate Major General Thomas L. Rosser, composed of the 7th, 11th and 12 Virginia Cavalry regiments and the 35th Virginia Battalion.At the Battle of High Bridge on April 6, 1865, <mask> and his cavalry clashed with a union force of infantry and cavalry. He fought a close range pistol duel with the union commanders, Colonels Theodore Read and Francis Washburn. Read was killed on the spot, supposedly by Dearing. While Washburn was mortally wounded by a bullet through the mouth <mask> was mortally wounded himself when he was shot through the lungs, and he was taken prisoner. Brought to Lynchburg's old city hotel (christened "Ladies´ Relief Hospital"), on April 13 he was visited and paroled by his old West Point classmate, Brigadier General Ranald S. Mackenzie, then commanding in Lynchburg. <mask> died on April 22 (like Colonel Washburn), and is buried in Spring Hill Cemetery. See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Acting Confederate)

Notes

References
 War Department; The War of the Rebellion : a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies., Series I; Washington, D.C.; 1881-1901
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Krick, Robert K. "<mask>." In The Confederate General, vol. 2, edited by William C. Davis and Julie Hoffman. Harrisburg, PA: National Historical Society, 1991. .
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. . External links

1840 births
1865 deaths
Confederate States Army generals
People from Campbell County, Virginia
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Confederate States military personnel killed in the American Civil War
United States Military Academy alumni

masks:
James Dearing
Dearing
Dearing
James B
Dearing
James Longstreet
Dearing
Dearing
Dearing
Dearing
Dearing
Dearing
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James A
Dearing
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James Dearing


title: Bohdan Dobrzański

texts:
<mask> (3 March 1909 – 15 July 1987) was a Polish soil scientist, agrophysicist, agronomist, academic, and professor at several Warsaw- and Lublin-based universities. As the Rector of the Lublin Higher School of Agriculture, he led the formation of the first Chair of Soil Science in Poland. <mask> was a pioneer of agrophysics in Poland, a founder and long-time director of the Institute of Agrophysics in Lublin, and the Polish Journal of Soil Science. He is a co-author of the official Table of Land Classes and criteria for valorisation of agricultural production areas. He was awarded a number of prizes and medals including The Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. Life and education
<mask> was born in Strutynka (), a village in the district of Ananiv Raion, in the province of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine. He was the son of <mask> and Zofia née Mianowska.His father was a property administrator. In 1922, he moved to Poland and settled in Puławy with his mother. His father died of typhus during the move. In 1929, after finishing high school in Puławy, he started his studies at the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry in Lviv Polytechnic (at the time, Lviv was part of Poland, nowadays it is in Ukraine). In 1933, after graduating, he worked as an agricultural instructor in the Lviv Agricultural Office. At the same time, he held a position as an assistant in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Lviv Polytechnic, then headed by Arkadiusz Musierowicz, with headquarters in Dubliany near Lviv. In 1939, he obtained a PhD in Agricultural Science.That same year, after the invasion of the Red Army into Eastern Poland, he decided to remain at the university as a docent. In 1941, after the occupation of Lviv by the Nazi army, he moved to Podolia, where he worked in one of the forestry districts. At the end of 1944 he got employed by the Agricultural Office in Rzeszów, where he organized agricultural courses. After the war, Dobrzański moved to Warsaw where he became an adjunct in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Around that time, he often traveled to Rzeszów, where from 1945 he was the director of the Agricultural Office. In 1946, after moving Prof. Jan Tomaszewski to Wrocław, to the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS) in Lublin, the head position of the Department of Soil Science at the Faculty of Agriculture had become vacant. Dobrzański took it as assistant professor.At the same time, he became the curator of the Department of Plant Fertilization and Nutrition; he held this position until 1949. In 1949 he presented his habilitation thesis about loess soils of the northern edge of Podolia and their properties, and became doctor habilitatus. In 1951 he became an associate professor, and in 1956 full-time professor. In 1955 he joined the organization of the Lublin Higher School of Agriculture, which was established from the Faculty of Agriculture, Veterinary and Zootechnic UMCS (nowadays University of Life Sciences in Lublin). For the next four years he was the rector there. In 1955 he led the establishment of the first Chair of Soil Science in Poland, at the Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences of the Lublin Higher School of Agriculture. Dobrzański also created and managed the Laboratory of Soil Science at the Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming in Lublin.From 1957 until 1962, he was the deputy secretary of Division 5 of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In 1960 he became a correspondent member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and in 1969 a full member. In 1968 <mask> initiated the founding of the Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Lublin, where he served as director till 1980. There he created a new research field: the physics of plants and crops. In 1969, he was honored with the title of doctor honoris causa (honorary doctor) of the Lublin Higher School of Agriculture. In the same year, he became secretary general of the Polish Academy of Sciences and head of the Department of Soil Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences. Because of that he moved to Warsaw.In 1970 the Department became the Institute of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry; Dobrzański directed it until 1979. In 1980 he became the honorary doctor of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, and six years later of the Academy of Agriculture and Technology in Olsztyn. Dobrzański was also an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the GDR. <mask> died on July 15, 1987, in Warsaw and was buried in the Powązki Cemetery. <mask> was the author or co-author of over 350 publications, including over 160 research papers. They were mainly about the genesis and evolution of soil, as well as human influences on their properties. He also dealt with soil cartography and co-authored every major cartographic study that appeared in Poland from 1949 to 1987.In 1968 he established the Polish Journal of Soil Science and managed it until 1987. He was also the co-author of the official Table of Land Classes and developed criteria for valorisation of agricultural production areas, which led to the creation of soil agricultural maps at various scales. Awards and decorations
 Award of the Scientific Secretary of the Polish Academy of Sciences
 Award of the Minister of Science and Higher Education
 Order of the Banner of Work
 The Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
 The Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta

References

1909 births
Polish soil scientists
20th-century Polish scientists
Lviv Polytechnic alumni
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
1987 deaths
Burials at Powązki Cemetery

masks:
Bohdan Dobrzański
Dobrzański
Bohdan Dobrzański
Stanisław Dobrzański
Dobrzański
Dobrzański
Work Dobrzański


title: Edgar Chatto

texts:
<mask> (born February 21, 1960), more commonly known as <mask>, is a Filipino lawyer and politician who is currently the Representative of the 1st Legislative District of Bohol since 2019. He previously served in that position from 2001 to 2010. He was also Governor of the Province of Bohol for three terms from 2010 to 2019. Biography and career
<mask>, nicknamed <mask> or Eddie, was born on February 21, 1960 in Malate, Manila, Philippines. He is the son of the late <mask>. A consistent honor student, he finished both his elementary and secondary education at the Divine Word College of Tagbilaran (now Holy Name University), in 1973 and 1979 respectively. He finished  Bachelor in Economics at the University of the Philippines School of Economics in Diliman, Quezon City in April 1981.He attended the Ateneo de Manila University for his Bachelor in Laws (1984–1988) and graduated at the Holy Name University in 1988. He finished his Masters in Government Management at the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila Graduate School of Business and Management as a DILG-LGA scholar in April 1998. In 1991, he finished the Local Administration and Development Course at the University of the Philippines. He also attended the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in Massachusetts, U.S. in 1999. <mask> was faculty member of the Divine Word College of Tagbilaran from 1981 to 1982. He is married to Maria Pureza <mask> (nee Veloso) with whom he has one daughter, Esther Patrisha Veloso <mask>. Chatto, with Call Sign DW7BDC, holds a Technician Class Amateur Radio License.Political career
He started his political career as board member of the Province of Bohol representing the youth sector when he served as president of the Kabataang Barangay from 1980 to 1986. In 1988, he was elected  as municipal mayor of the municipality of Balilihan, Bohol and served until 1995. He became Vice Governor of the province of Bohol and served as vice governor from 1995 - 2001. From 2001 up to 2010, he was a member of the House of Representatives as representative of the first district of Bohol. In the May 10, 2010 elections, he won as the 25th Governor of the Province of Bohol, Philippines. Committee Membership
As a congressman from 2001 to 2010, <mask> was the Chairman of the House Committee on Tourism and Senior Vice Chairman of the House Committee on Agriculture, Food and Fisheries. He also had memberships in the House Committees on Accounts; Basic Education and Culture; Ethics; Foreign Affairs; Games and Amusement; Higher and Technical Education; Labor and Employment; Legislative Franchises; Local Government; Public Works and Highways; Revision of Laws; Ways and Means; and Justice.Since 2019, he is the current Chairman of the House Committee on Climate Change and Vice Chairman of the House Special Committee on Persons with Disabilities, and on Tourism. He is also a member for the majority in the House Committee on Economic Affairs. Awards
 National Centennial Lingkod Bayan Awardee for Outstanding Work Performance (2000) - Civil Service Commission
 National Dangal Ng Bayan Award (2011) - Civil Service Commission
 Doña Aurora Aragon Quezon Award for Highly Distinguished Leadership in Promoting Humanitarian Objectives (1997) - Philippine National Red Cross
 One of the Ten Outstanding Boholanos Around the World (1998) - Confederation of Boholanos in the USA and Canada and the First Consolidated Bank
 Most Outstanding Vice Governor of the Philippines (1997) - League of Vice Governors of the Philippines
 Most Outstanding Mayor of the Philippines (1991)
 National Presidential Leadership Award for Outstanding Youth Leaders (1985) - Parangal sa Pamumuno
 Most Outstanding Alumnus for  Government Service (1996) - Ship for Southeast Asian Youth Program (SSEAYP)
 Lesage Award, Most Outstanding Alumnus for Government Service (1997) -  Holy Name University (formerly Divine Word College of Tagbilaran)
 Most Outstanding Youth Leader of Bohol - Philippine National Red Cross
 Leadership Awards from different institutions:
 Holy Name University
 Gerry Roxas Foundation
 Science Foundation of the Philippines
 Kabataang Barangay
 Local Admin. & Dev’t Program Alumni Association of the Philippines
 National And Regional Recognitions by:
 National Gold HAMIS Award (Health and Management Information System)
 Galing Pook Award
 Clean and Green Contest

References

*Curriculum vitae Congressman <mask> M. Chatto
Personal Information
Political Information

Further reading
 List of House Bills authored by Congressman <mask>tto
 House Bills Download Center
 House Committee Meetings
 Chatto: “Pretty boy” of honesty, sincerity Bohol Sunday Post 17 January 2007. Dwight Ebojo. Livestock auction center can spur development - Chatto Bohol Sunday Post. 2 April 2006.Die-hard supporters of <mask> strike back The Bohol Times. January 8, 2007
 Ric V. Obedencio <mask>'s supporters strike back The Bohol Chronicle. January 21, 2007
 Impeachment 2006: How they voted GMA News. 24 August 2006. House Resolution 593 ASEM ASEAN 2005. 16 February 2005. GMA would depend on Divine wisdom in carrying out her program for the next 6 years Office of the Press Secretary.3 July 2004
 Ben Cal. How to combat poverty, rebellion The Manila Times. December 4, 2006. CPG honored at 110th b-day VGO News November 5, 2006
 Avigail Olarte Impeachment 2005 - 2006: How the congressmen voted Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. 24 August 2006. External links
<mask>tto Official Website
Makati Business Club Congress Watch

1960 births
Living people
Governors of Bohol
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila alumni
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Bohol
Members of the Bohol Provincial Board
Mayors of places in Bohol
People from Malate, Manila
People from Bohol
Boholano people
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Ateneo de Manila University alumni

masks:
Edgardo Migriño Chatto
Edgar Chatto
Edgardo Migriño Chatto
Edgar
Eladio Chattogriño Chatto
Chatto
Chatto
Chatto
Chatto
Edgardo
Edgar Cha
Chatto
Chatto
Edgar Cha


title: Roger Pryor Dodge

texts:
<mask> (21 January 1898 — 2 June 1974) was an American ballet, vaudeville, and jazz dancer, as well as a choreographer and pioneering jazz critic. He formed the first extensive collection of photographic portraits of Vaslav Nijinsky. Self-taught, his original thinking contributed to the understanding of the relationship of jazz to classical music and to dance. He endeavored to break down barriers between jazz and other 'serious' art forms and build the respect it deserved. <mask>’s taste in jazz was formed in 1924, initially from listening to recordings of Fletcher Henderson and others, then refined when Miguel Covarrubias, newly arrived from Mexico and already ensconced in the Harlem Renaissance, introduced <mask> to recordings of Bessie Smith. Jazz inspired <mask> to crystalize a unique style of white American dance, whereupon he choreographed dances to Duke Ellington's recordings with James "Bubber" Miley among others. For years, he performed these pieces in multiple locations in New York, brought a dance trio to perform in Paris, and filmed several of these numbers years later, c1937.His performance career ended in 1942 due to a back injury. Early life

<mask> was born in Paris during one of the family’s extended sojourns. His father, American muralist William de Leftwich <mask>, a first place laureate of the Ecole des Beaux Arts, would visit to paint and exhibit at the Salon, often residing in Giverny. Upon their return, <mask> spent his childhood in Setauket, near Stony Brook on Long Island. He attended the Phillips Brooks School in Philadelphia, followed by The Pennington School in New Jersey, but quit before graduating. Later the family moved to Greenwich Village. Dance

Education

In 1916, <mask>’s Ritz-Carlton ballroom social dance partner introduced him to ballet—Les Ballets Russes starring Vaslav Nijinsky.This pivotal experience inspired <mask> to study classical ballet, attend performances of and study with Fokine and Fokina in 1919-1920, experience the Isadora Duncan Dancers (“Isadorables”), and shortly thereafter, to leave for Paris to continue his ballet studies with Nikolai Legat, one of Nijinsky's teachers, Lyubov Yegorova, who had partnered with Nijinsky, and Léo Staats, the maître de ballet at the Paris Opera. Upon his return to New York in 1921, <mask> continued studying with Michel Fokine (1922). His desire to explore dance expression beyond ballet inspired him in 1922 to study eurhythmics at the Dalcroze School, Isadora Duncan technique with Elise Dufour, and modern dance with Michio Itō. Nijinsky photographs

Nijinsky’s career ended in 1917. As he had never been filmed, <mask> realized that the only available means to experience Nijinsky’s greatness would be through photography. While in Paris taking ballet lessons and with the foresight to preserve a photographic record, <mask> proceeded to order prints from the photographers who had taken studio portraits of Nijinsky in his various roles. At times skipping meals to afford them, he assembled the most comprehensive collection of photographic images of Vaslav Nijinsky.By 1937 memory of Nijinsky had faded, prompting <mask> to help revive interest by donating his collection to the Dance Collection of the New York Public Library. Practically every book on Nijinsky has borrowed from the <mask> collection, beginning in 1934 with Nijinsky by his wife Romola.After <mask>'s numerous failed attempts to publish a book of his entire collection, in 1975 Lincoln Kirstein produced Nijinsky Dancing, drawing from half of <mask>’s collection. Under Acknowledgements, Lincoln Kirstein writes:

Kirstein comments on viewing <mask>'s performance to Ellington's "Black and Tan Fantasy" in 1935:

Dance partners (selection)
<mask> created his earliest choreography in 1922 for all-male ensembles. In 1930, <mask> formed a male trio with Jack Nile, and Arthur Mahoney who he had met during their engagements at the Metropolitan Opera House. The same year, <mask> met Mura Dehn, a recent Russian émigré, when they each presented their jazz dance numbers in the Billy Rose Show “Sweet and Low.” As Dehn states, their pieces were “A daring jump into the Modern-Grotesque for the producer: a first such experiment in a commercial musical.”

They formed a professional dance relationship and appeared in each other’s choreography. <mask> filmed their dances c1937. They frequented the Harlem and Savoy Ballrooms, “and always had tumultuous discussions about art, dance, theatre, comedy.He rarely accepted other people’s understanding of his theories, even if they repeated them ‘verbatim’. He suspected it to be a superficial echo, rather than an inner experience.<mask> was instrumental in Dehn’s appreciation of the importance of film for dance. Dance performances (selection)

Films (selection)
<mask> opened a studio at 52 E. 8th Street mid-1930s where he filmed dancers: "See Yourself As Others See You...Have Your Act or Dance Filmed"

<mask> filmed a number of his dances with Mura Dehn and other partners. Video transfers are available in the Dance Division of the New York Public Library. (see also External links)

Roger Pryor Dodge Archive: films of Léo Staats, Nikolai Legat, Léonide Massine, Maria-Theresa Kruger (Duncan), Elise Dufour, Arthur Mahoney, Jack Nile, Alfred Leagins, Anita Avila, Susan Remos, Joe Frisco, Bill Matons and others

A Day in the Life of a Ballerina, about Lisa Parnova by <mask>, 1937

Bunk Johnson, Mrs. Johnson, and William Russell in Washington Square Park, New York, 1946 (silent film)

In a Jazz Way: Portrait of Mura Dehn, by Louise Ghertler and Pamela Katz, 1987, includes <mask>'s color film with Dehn dancing to Ellington's "The Mooche" (1937)

Teaching

Modern jazz dance
Chester Hale School, New York 1935
De Revuelta Dance Studio, New York 1941
Fred Le Quorne Studio, New York 1942

Tap dance
Private studio, 52 East 8th Street, New York

Writing

Jazz

Enthusiastic reception of "Rhapsody in Blue" in 1924 prompted <mask> to attend its second New York performance at Carnegie Hall. In his first article, “Negro Jazz,” a response to reviews at the time, <mask> argued that "the word 'jazz' is being used too loosely and too indiscriminately by persons who have little perception of the true nature of the embryonic form now developing amongst us," and that “Gershwin selected that stalest of decadent forms the rhapsody; an episodic form that allows the furthest possible departure from the logical carrying to completion to a single musical idea, and hence, probably the form more remote from the genuine jazz ideal than any other.”

In response to the great importance accorded written jazz, either composed or arranged, in 1934 Dodge offered an appreciation of the improvised solo in "Harpsichords and Jazz Trumpets." He maintained that “improvisation is absolutely imperative to the development of an art form such as music and dancing,” and referring to contemporary evidence from 1639 for support, he quoted André Maugars’ experience in Rome:

André Maugars:

To illustrate the potential for the future of jazz, Dodge asserted that “jazz has reached the highest development of any folk music since the early Christian hymns and dances grew into the most developed contrapuntal music known to history.” Considering current taste, he added, “When I hear an early record of Bessie Smith and then listen to a Cab Calloway and see how much more the Negro now enjoys the latter, I realize that the blues have been superseded and white decadence has once more ironed out and sweetened a vital art.”

Classical music
In response to the vital swing Dodge felt missing in interpretations of Baroque music during its early-to-mid 20th century revival, and in an effort to identify a reliable common style element applicable to various period genres, in 1955 he
published “The Importance of Dance Style in the Presentation of Early Western Instrumental Music.” (view article at External links)

Articles on jazz (selection)
1929 Negro Jazz.London:The Dancing Times (October) (written in 1925, titled Jazz Contra Whiteman)

1934 Harpsichords and Jazz Trumpets. Harvard:Hound & Horn (July-September)

1936 Negro Jazz as Folk Material for Our Modern Dance. New York:National Dance Congress (May)(proceedings: Cambridge University Press)

1939 Consider the Critics (chapter). Jazzmen, ed. Frederic Ramsey, Jr., Charles Edward Smith, New York:Harcourt Brace and Co. "Perhaps the most interesting part of all is the last chapter, in which <mask> <mask> dissects the past sins of a number of jazz critics, and succeeds in establishing, if not a set of standards, at least a good critical attitude." 1941 Bubber. New York: H.R.S.Society Rag (October) "...one of the greatest artists of our time. He was a musician packed with half-formed ideas for written composition." 1942 Jazz in the Twenties. New York:JAZZ (July)

1943 Duke Ellington. New York:JAZZ (January)
Correspondence on Lu Watters. New York:JAZZ (May)
Louis Armstrong. New York:JAZZ (December)

1944 Jazz Critic Looks at Anthropologist (Ernest Borneman).New York:The Record Changer (October)

1945 The Dance-Basis of Jazz. New York:The Record Changer (March &

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