title: Enya

texts:
 Nicky Ryan agreed it complemented the songs that were being written. The album was released in November 2000, and reached number 6 in the United Kingdom and an initial peak of number 17 in the United States. In the aftermath of the 11 September attacks, sales of the album and its lead single, "Only Time", surged after the song was widely used during radio and television coverage of the events, leading to its description as "a post-September 11 anthem". The exposure caused A Day Without Rain to outperform its original chart performance to peak at number 2 on the Billboard 200, and the release of a maxi single containing the original and a pop remix of "Only Time" in November 2001. Enya donated its proceeds in aid of the International Association of Firefighters. The song topped the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart and went to number 10 on the Hot 100 singles, Enya's highest charting US single to date.A second single, "Wild Child", was released in December 2001. A Day Without Rain remains <mask>'s biggest seller, with 7 million copies sold in the US and the most sold new-age album of all time with an estimated 13 million copies sold worldwide. In 2001, <mask> agreed to write and perform on two tracks for the soundtrack of The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) at the request of director Peter Jackson. Its composer Howard Shore "imagined her voice" as he wrote the film's score, making an uncommon exception to include another artist in one of his soundtracks. After flying to New Zealand to observe the filming and to watch a rough cut of the film, <mask> returned to Ireland and composed "Aníron (Theme for Aragorn and Arwen)" with lyrics by Roma in J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional Elvish language Sindarin, and "May It Be", sung in English and another Tolkien language, Quenya. Shore then based his orchestrations around Enya's recorded vocals and themes to create "a seamless sound". In 2002, Enya released "May It Be" as a single which earned her an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song.She performed the song live at the 74th Academy Awards ceremony with an orchestra in March 2002, and later cited the moment as a career highlight. <mask> undertook additional studio projects in 2001 and 2002. The first was work on the soundtrack to the Japanese romantic film Calmi Cuori Appassionati (2001) which was subsequently released as Themes from Calmi Cuori Appassionati (2001). The album is formed of tracks spanning her career from <mask> to A Day Without Rain with two B-sides. The album went to number 2 in Japan, and became <mask>'s second to sell one million copies in the country. November 2002 saw the release of Only Time – The Collection, a box set of 51 tracks recorded through her career which received a limited release of 200,000 copies. In September 2003, <mask> returned to Aigle Studio to start work on her sixth studio album, Amarantine.Roma said the title means "everlasting". The album marks the first instance of <mask> singing in Loxian, a fictional language created by Roma that came about when <mask> was working on "Water Shows the Hidden Heart". After numerous attempts to sing the song in English, Irish and Latin, Roma suggested a new language based on some of the sounds <mask> would sing along to when developing her songs. It was a success, and <mask> sang "Less Than a Pearl" and "The River Sings" in the same way. Roma worked on the language further, creating a "culture and history" behind it surrounding the Loxian people who are of another planet, questioning the existence of life on another. "Sumiregusa (Wild Violet)" is sung in Japanese. Amarantine was a global success, reaching number 6 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 in the UK.It has sold over 1 million certified copies in the US, a considerable drop in sales in comparison to her previous albums. <mask> dedicated the album to BBC producer Tony McAuley, who had commissioned <mask> to write the soundtrack to The Celts, following his death in 2003. The lead single, "Amarantine", was released in December 2005. A Christmas Special Edition was released in 2006, followed by a Deluxe Edition. In 2006, Enya released Sounds of the Season: The Enya Holiday Collection, a Christmas-themed EP released exclusively in the US following an exclusive partnership with the NBC network and the Target department store chain. It includes two new songs, "Christmas Secrets" and "The Magic of the Night". In June 2007, <mask> received an honorary doctorate from the National University of Ireland, Galway.A month later, she received one from the University of Ulster. 2008–present: And Winter Came..., Dark Sky Island, and future
<mask> continued to write music with a winter and Christmas theme for her seventh studio album, And Winter Came.... Initially she intended to make an album of seasonal songs and hymns set for a release in late 2007, but decided to produce a winter-themed album instead. The track "My! My! Time Flies! ", a tribute to the late Irish guitarist Jimmy Faulkner, incorporates a guitar solo performed by Pat Farrell, the first use of a guitar on an Enya album since "I Want Tomorrow" from Enya.The lyrics also include atypical pop-culture references, such as to The Beatles' famous photo shoot for the cover of Abbey Road. Upon its release in November 2008, And Winter Came... reached No. 6 in the UK and No. 8 in the US and sold almost 3.5 million copies worldwide by 2011. After promoting And Winter Came..., <mask> took an extended break from writing and recording music. She spent her time resting, visiting family in Australia, and renovating her new home in the south of France. In March 2009, her first four studio albums were reissued in Japan in the Super High Material CD format with bonus tracks.Her second compilation album, The Very Best of Enya, was released in November 2009 and features songs from 1987 to 2008, including a previously unreleased version of "Aníron" and a DVD compiling most of her music videos to date. In 2013, "Only Time" was used in the "Epic Split" advertisement by Volvo Trucks starring Jean-Claude Van Damme who does the splits while suspended between two lorries. The video went viral, leading to numerous parodies of the commercial uploaded to YouTube also using "Only Time". The attention resulted in the song peaking at No. 43 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. In 2012, <mask> returned to the studio to record her eighth album, Dark Sky Island. Its name refers to the island of Sark, which became the first island to be designated a dark-sky preserve, and a series of poems on islands by Roma Ryan.Upon its release on 20 November 2015, Dark Sky Island went to No. 4 in the UK, Enya's highest charting studio album there since Shepherd Moons went to No. 1, and to No. 8 in the US. A Deluxe Edition features three additional songs. Enya completed a promotional tour of the UK and Europe, the US and Japan. During her visit to Japan, Enya performed "Orinoco Flow" and "Echoes in Rain" at the Universal Studios Japan Christmas show in Osaka.In December 2016, <mask> appeared on the Irish television show Christmas Carols from Cork, marking her first Irish television appearance in over seven years. She sang "Adeste Fideles", "Oiche Chiúin", and "The Spirit of Christmas Past". On 4 November 2021, a Shepherd Moons "watch party" video was uploaded to Enya's official YouTube channel to commemorate the album's 30th anniversary. In his introductory message, Nicky Ryan said that Roma, <mask>, and he used the downtime from the COVID-19 pandemic to renovate Aigle Studio, and install new recording equipment and instruments. When this is complete, <mask> will begin working on new music. Musical style
<mask>'s vocal range is mezzo-soprano. She has cited her musical foundations as "the classics", church music, and "Irish reels and jigs" with a particular interest in Sergei Rachmaninoff, a favourite composer of hers.She has an autographed picture of him in her home. Since 1982, she has recorded her music with Nicky Ryan as producer and arranger and his wife Roma Ryan as lyricist. While in Clannad, <mask> chose to work with Nicky as the two shared an interest in vocal harmonies, and Ryan, influenced by The Beach Boys and the "Wall of Sound" technique that Phil Spector pioneered, wanted to explore the idea of "the multivocals" for which her music became known. According to <mask>, "Angeles" from Shepherd Moons has roughly 500 vocals recorded individually and layered. <mask> performs all vocals and the majority of instruments in her songs apart from musicians to play percussion, guitar, uilleann pipes, cornet, and double bass. Her early works including Watermark feature numerous keyboards, including the Yamaha KX88 Master, Yamaha DX7, Oberheim Matrix, Akai S900, Roland D-50, and Roland Juno-60, the latter a particular favourite of hers. Numerous critics and reviewers classify Enya's albums as new age music and she has won four Grammy Awards in the category.However, <mask> does not classify her music as part of the genre. When asked what genre she would classify her music, her reply was "Enya". Nicky Ryan commented on the new age comments: "Initially it was fine, but it's really not new age. <mask> plays a whole lot of instruments, not just keyboards. Her melodies are strong and she sings a lot. So I can't see a comparison." The music video to "Caribbean Blue" and the art work to The Memory of Trees feature adapted works from artist Maxfield Parrish.<mask> has sung in ten languages in her career, including English, Irish, Latin, Welsh, Spanish, French and Japanese. She has recorded music influenced by works from fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien, including the instrumental "Lothlórien" from Shepherd Moons. For The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, she sang "May It Be" in English and Tolkien's fictional language Quenya, and sang "Aníron" in another of Tolkien's fictional languages, Sindarin. Her albums Amarantine and Dark Sky Island include songs sung in Loxian, a fictional language created by Roma, that has no official syntax. Its vocabulary was formed by <mask> singing the song's notes to which Roma wrote their phonetic spelling. <mask> adopted a composing and songwriting method that has deviated little throughout her career. At the start of the recording process for an album she enters the studio, forgetting about her previous success, fame, and songs of hers that became hits."If I did that", she said, "I'd have to call it a day". She then develops ideas on the piano, keeping note of any arrangement that can be worked on further. During her time writing, <mask> works a five-day week, takes weekends off, and does not work on her music at home. With Irish as her first language, <mask> initially records her songs in Irish as she can express "feeling much more directly" than English. After a period of time, <mask> presents her ideas to Nicky to discuss what pieces work best, while Roma works in parallel to devise a lyric to the songs. <mask> considered "Fallen Embers" from A Day Without Rain a perfect time when the lyrics reflect as to how she felt while writing the song. In 2008, she newly discovered her tendency to write "two or three songs" during the winter months, work on the arrangements and lyrics the following spring and summer, and then work on the next couple of songs when autumn arrives.Live performances
<mask> says that Warner Music and she "did not see eye to eye" initially as the label imagined her performing on stage "with a piano ... maybe two or three synthesiser players and that's it". <mask> also explained that the time put into her studio albums causes her to "run overtime", leaving little time to plan for other such projects. She also expressed the difficulty in recreating her studio-oriented sound for the stage. In 1996, Ryan said <mask> had received an offer worth almost £500,000 to perform a concert in Japan. In 2016, <mask> spoke about the prospect of a live concert when she revealed talks with the Ryans during her three-year break after And Winter Came... (2008) to perform a show at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City that would be simulcast to cinemas worldwide. Before such an event could happen, Nicky suggested that she enter a studio and record "all the hits" live with an orchestra and choir to see how they would sound. <mask> has sung with live and lip synching vocals on various talk and music shows, events, and ceremonies throughout her career, usually during her worldwide press tours for each album.In December 1995, she performed "Anywhere Is" at a Christmas concert at Vatican City with Pope John Paul II in attendance, who met and thanked her for performing. In April 1996, <mask> performed the same song during her surprise appearance at the fiftieth birthday celebration for Carl XVI Gustaf, the King of Sweden and a fan of <mask>'s. In 1997, <mask> participated in a live Christmas Eve broadcast in London and flew to County Donegal afterwards to join her family for their annual midnight Mass choral performance, in which she participates each year. In March 2002, she performed "May It Be" with an orchestra at the year's Academy Awards ceremony. <mask> and her sisters performed as part of the local choir Cor Mhuire in July 2005 at St. Mary's church in Gweedore during the annual Earagail Arts Festival. Personal life

Since the 1980s, Enya has attracted the attention of several stalkers. In 1996, an Italian man who was seen in Dublin wearing a photograph of Enya around his neck stabbed himself outside her parents' pub after being ejected from the premises.In 1991, a minor planet first discovered in 1978, 6433 Enya, was named after her. In 2017, a newly discovered species of fish, Leporinus enyae, found in the Orinoco River drainage area, was also named after her. <mask> is known for keeping a private lifestyle, saying: "The music is what sells. Not me, or what I stand for ... that's the way I've always wanted it". She is not married and is a surrogate aunt to the Ryans' two daughters. In 1991, she said: "I'm afraid of marriage because I'm afraid someone might want me because of who I am instead of because they loved me... I wouldn't go rushing into anything unexpected, but I do think a great deal about this".A relationship she had with one man ended in 1997, around the time when she considered taking time out of music to have a family but found she was putting pressure on herself over the matter and "gone the route I wanted to go". She declares herself as "more spiritual than religious... I derive from religion what I enjoy." In 1997, <mask> bought a Victorian Grade A listed castellated mansion in Killiney, County Dublin for IR£2.5 million at auction. Formerly known as Victoria Castle and Ayesha Castle, she renamed it Manderley Castle after the house from the novel Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier. In all, she spent seven years renovating her property and also installing considerable security measures. In 2005, <mask> spent around £250,000 on security improvements, covering gaps in the castle's outer wall and installing bollards and iron railings.In October of that year, two people broke into the home; one attacked and tied up one of her housekeepers and left with several of <mask>'s items after she had raised the alarm in her safe room. In 2009, during her three-year break from music, <mask> purchased a home in southern France. In 2006, Enya ranked third in a list of the wealthiest Irish entertainers with an estimated fortune of £75 million, and was number 95 in the Sunday Times Rich List of the richest 250 Irish people. In the 2016 edition, which listed its top 50 Music Millionaires of Britain and Ireland, she emerged as the richest female singer with a fortune of £91 million and ranked number 28 overall. Awards and nominations
Billboard Music Awards

|-
| rowspan=4|2001
| rowspan=2|Enya
| Top Billboard 200 Artist - Female
|
|-
| Top New Age Artist
|
|-
| rowspan=3|A Day Without Rain
| Top Internet Album
|
|-
| rowspan=2|Top New Age Album
|
|-
| rowspan=3|2002
|
|-
| rowspan=2|<mask>
| Top New Age Artist
|
|-
| Top Adult Contemporary Artist
|

Grammy Awards

|-
| rowspan=2|1990
| rowspan=2|"Orinoco Flow"
| Best New Age Performance
|
|-
| Best Music Video
|
|-
| 1993
| Shepherd Moons
| rowspan=3|Best New Age Album
|
|-
| 1997
| The Memory of Trees
|
|-
| 2002
| A Day Without Rain
|
|-
| 2003
| "May It Be"
| Best Song Written for Visual Media
|
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007
| "Drifting"
| Best Pop Instrumental Performance
|
|-
| Amarantine
| rowspan=2|Best New Age Album
|
|-
| 2017
|  Dark Sky Island
|

IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Awards

!Ref. |-
| 2001
| A Day Without Rain
| Top 10 Best Sales Foreign Albums
|
|

Japan Gold Disc Awards

|-
| 1990
| Enya
| New Artist of the Year
|
|-
| 1998
|  Paint the Sky with Stars
| Best 3 Albums
|
|-
| 2001
| A Day Without Rain
| International Pop Album of the Year
|
|-
| 2002
| Themes from Calmi Cuori Appassionati
| Best 3 Albums
|
|-
| 2006
| Amarantine
| International Album of the Year
|

World Music Awards

|-
| rowspan="2"|2001
| rowspan="7"| Enya
| World's Best Selling Irish Artist
|
|-
| rowspan=2|World's Best Selling New Age Artist
|
|-
| rowspan=3|2002
|
|-
| World's Best Selling Female Artist
|
|-
| rowspan=3|World's Best Selling Irish Artist
|
|-
| 2003
|
|-
| 2006
|

Žebřík Music

masks: Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya Enya


title: Reby Sky

type: original

texts:
Rebecca Victoria Hardy (née; Reyes; ; born August 6, 1986) is an American professional wrestler and model. She is best known for her recurring appearances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling from 2014 to 2017. Early life
Hardy was born in Flushing, a neighborhood in the north central part of Queens, New York City. She is of Puerto Rican heritage. She has three older brothers and an older sister, Suzanne. Her father is a wrestling personality better known as "Señor Benjamin". Modeling and acting career
Hardy began her career in modeling, performing nationally with the Amira Mor International Entertainment Company, a belly dance troupe, with whom she also made several belly dance instructional DVDs.In 2005, Hardy held a supporting role in the off-Broadway musical, Secrets of the Desert. The show toured several off-Broadway venues, including the Duke Theatre on 42nd street in Times Square, and the DiCapo Opera House. Other notable venues Hardy has performed at Queens Theatre in the Park and New York City’s Radio City Music Hall, where she performed for The Beatles drummer, Ringo Starr. Reyes appeared in various television programs and music videos, including Midnight Spike (Spike TV), Date Patrol, Faking It and Más Maíz, a music video featuring N.O.R.E. and Fat Joe. Hardy appeared in a nude pictorial in Playboy magazine, "The Girls of Montauk', in July 2007, and as “Cyber Girl of the Week” in the July 2010 edition of the Playboy Cyber Club. She was later named “Cyber Girl of the Month” for November 2010.<mask> has also appeared in GQ, Esquire Magazine, Supermodels Unlimited, and STUFF. Rebecca was also interviewed in MTV’s True Life: I’m a Sports Fanatic, as the NY Giants Girl, airing on September 19, 2009. The show chronicled her involvement as a fan of the New York Football Giants. She sells a line of football fashion handbags via one of her websites, which also promotes her self-proclaimed NY Giants fanatic status as the NY Giants Girl. Hardy was named Miss Howard Stern TV for the month of December 2009 and was voted by Sirius Radio’s Howard Stern fans, as “Miss Howard TV of the Year 2009″. In 2013 Hardy starred in the film Pro Wrestlers vs Zombies. Professional wrestling career

Lucha Libre USA (2010–2012)
In 2010, Hardy conducted interviews and commentary for the MTV2 program, Lucha Libre USA: Masked Warriors, a show focusing on the transition of lucha libre and related organizations to the United States.On March 19, 2011, Hardy made her professional wrestling debut at a Lucha Libre USA show under the ring name "<mask>", where she teamed up with Nikki Corleone and ODB against Chrissy Cialis, Jacqueline Moore and Tigresa Caliente. On the June 18 episode of LLUSA TV Tapings, Hardy teamed up with Chrissy Cialis and Vladimiro in a losing effort to Mini Park, Octagoncito and Pequeno Halloween in a mixed tag team match. In October, Hardy lost to Lady Luck in a lingerie match. She would return in 2012 during the second season, mainly teaming with Shane Helms in mixed tag team matches. Shine Wrestling (2012−2013)

She made her debut for the new women's promotion Shine Wrestling on the inaugural show, as a face against Jayme Jameson, in a winning effort. On August 17, Hardy began a rivalry with Jessicka Havok after being viciously attacked by Havok with a chair injuring her after losing to her in a match. On October 19, Hardy faced off against Kellie Skater in a singles match, in a winning effort.On January 11, Hardy was defeated by Havok after Matt Hardy threw the towel in to stop Havok's attack. On March 23, Hardy defeated Jessicka Havok in a Career vs. Respect match, causing Havok to shake Hardy's hand and respect her and ending the storyline rivalry between Hardy and Havok. Independent circuit (2011–2015)
On July 1, 2012, Hardy made her independent circuit debut at Extreme Air Wrestling where she teamed with Paul London and Brian Kendrick to defeat Miss Jackie and The World's Greatest Tag Team. In 2012, <mask> took on Jayme Jameson for the NWA Mid-Atlantic Ladies Championship on two occasions and lost both times. On March 9, Hardy was part of an infamous triple threat match which included Brittney Savage and Spyra Andover and was mentioned by  Botchamania. With being engaged to Matt Hardy, she has appeared at several OMEGA events which Hardy owns.Hardy debuted for promotion Family Wrestling Entertainment at No Limits, where Hardy lost to Ivelisse Vélez. Hardy made appearances in Vendetta Pro Wrestling competing singles match defeating Tab Jackson, Hudson Envy and Amber O'Neal. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2014–2017)
In the year of 2014, Hardy appeared for TNA in May through the company's One Night Only PPV's mainly on Knockouts Knockdown 2 in a match against <mask> in a winning effort also qualifying for the gauntlet match later that night. However, she was eliminated by Angelina Love. Hardy appeared for TNA again in late 2015 at Bound for Glory celebrating with real life husband, Matt Hardy after he won his match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. <mask> returned to Impact Wrestling on January 5, 2016, and watched as Hardy was defeated by Ethan Carter III in the finals of the TNA World Title Series. On the January 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, both herself and Hardy turned into  villains after Tyrus helped Hardy defeat EC3 to capture the TNA World Heavyweight Championship.On the September 1 episode of Impact Wrestling, The Hardys started a feud with Decay, involving her feuding with Decay's valet Rosemary, turning her into a face. On February 27, 2017, Hardy departed TNA, along with Matt and Jeff. WWE (2018)
On the March 12 episode of Raw it was announced that Hardy would make an appearance in the Ultimate Deletion match between her husband Matt and Bray Wyatt at the Hardy Compound. She also appeared the following week on Raw. Personal life

In 2008, Hardy was sentenced to probation, a fine, and community service for opposing an officer without violence when police stopped her vehicle because it had a broken taillight in 2007 in Florida. On October 5, 2013, she married fellow professional wrestler Matt Hardy. On June 23, 2015, they had their first child, a son.On June 8, 2017, Matt and <mask> welcomed their second son. On December 4, 2019, <mask> gave birth to their third son. On January 8, 2021, it was announced that they are expecting a fourth child. On July 11, 2021, <mask> gave birth to their fourth child, a daughter. Filmography

References

Further reading
Queens Courier: "Reby Sky: NY Giants No.1 fan", newspaper article on Reby Sky as the NY Giants Girl

External links

1986 births
American dancers
American female dancers
American female professional wrestlers
American people of Puerto Rican descent
American radio personalities
Television personalities from New York City
Female models from New York (state)
Living people
Puerto Rican female professional wrestlers
People from Flushing, Queens
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestlers from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Queens, New York
Dancers from New York (state)
Twitch (service) streamers

masks:
Sky
Rebecca Sky
Sky
Velvet Sky
Sky
Reby
Reby
Reby


title: Philippe Starck

texts:
<mask> (born 18 January 1949) is a French industrial architect and designer known for his wide range of designs, including interior design, architecture, household objects, furniture, boats and other vehicles. <mask> was born on 18 January 1949 in Paris. He is the son of <mask>, who was an aeronautics engineer. He says that his father often inspired him because he was an engineer, who made invention a "duty". His family was originally from and lived in the Alsace region, before his grandfather moved to Paris. He studied at the École Camondo in Paris. Career
While working for Adidas, <mask> set up his first industrial design company, Starck Product, which he later renamed Ubik after Philip K. Dick's novel, and began working with manufacturers in Italy (Driade), Alessi, Kartell, and internationally, including Drimmer in Austria, Vitra in Switzerland and Disform in Spain.In 1983, then-French President François Mitterrand, on the recommendation of his Minister of Culture, Jack Lang, chose <mask> to refurbish the president's private apartments at the Élysée. The following year he designed the Café Costes. <mask>'s output expanded to include furniture, decoration, architecture, street furniture, industry (wind turbines, photo booths), bathroom fittings, kitchens, floor, and wall coverings, lighting, domestic appliances, office equipment such as staplers, utensils, tableware, clothing, accessories, toys, glassware, graphic design and publishing, food, and vehicles for land, sea, air and space. Architecture

The buildings he designed in Japan, starting in 1989, went against the grain of traditional forms. The first, Nani Nani, in Tokyo, described as a biomorphic shed. A year later he designed the Asahi Beer Hall in Tokyo, a building topped with a golden flame. This was followed in 1992 by Le Baron Vert office complex in Osaka.In France he designed the extension of the École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (ENSAD) in Paris (1998). In 1991, <mask> designed one of the pavilions for the new Groninger Museum. Since the late 1980s, <mask> has designed several hotels in different countries, these include the Royalton Hotel (1988) and Paramount hotel(1990) in New York City, the Delano in Miami, the Hudson Hotel
and the Mondrian Hotel in West Hollywood, the Sanderson  the Saint Martin's Lane in London, Le Meurice renovations in 2016, the Royal Monceau (2010) as well as more recently the Hotel Brach (2018) and the Hotel 9Confidentiel (2018), in Paris. Also in France, in the South West, <mask> designed La Co(o)rniche and Ha(a)itza hotels, both in Arcachon, near the Dune of Pilat. In 2019, <mask> created the Lily of the Valley Hotel on the French Riviera and in 2020, opened La Réserve Eden au Lac Zurich. <mask> has designed several restaurants, including in the early years, the Café Costes (1984) in Paris, Manin (1985) in Tokyo, Theatron (1985) in Mexico City, Teatriz (1990) in Madrid or more recently several restaurants with the Alajmo brothers in Paris, Venice and Milan – Caffe Stern (2014), Amo (2016),  Gran Caffe Quadri (2018) and Amor (2019), La Réserve à la Plage in Saint Tropez with Michel Reybier Hospitality, The Avenue at Saks in New York in 2019. The Alhondiga, a 43,000 square-meter culture and leisure venue in Bilbao designed by Starck, opened in 2010.<mask> also designed affordable and adjustable pre-fabricated P.A.T.H. houses. <mask> was commissioned by the Hilton Worldwide to create entirely a new hotel in Metz, France. Maison Heler is a phantasmagoric building topped by a traditional Alsatian house, a poetic symbol of the region that should open in 2021. Yachts
In 2004, <mask> designed the Motor Yacht A and then in 2012 the A (sailing yacht) – one of the world's largest sailing yachts. <mask> designed the infrastructure for the Port Adriano harbour on the south-west bay of Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca and was artistic director for the interior. It opened in April 2012.In 2008, he designed Steve Jobs's yacht Venus, which was launched in October 2012, just over a year after the death of Apple's founder. The yacht was built at Aalsmeer in the Netherlands. Furniture
Zartan, created for Magis in 2010, is a chair entirely made from natural material as bamboo, linen and hemp fiber, a non-toxic and biodegradable alternative to replace plastic. In 2012, <mask> released Broom for Emeco, an anti-waste chair made of materials collected in lumber and plastic plants factories. Starck released Cassina Croque la pomme in 2019, a furniture collection for Cassina, entirely made from a vegan fabric, with apple leather. Technology

In 1996, <mask> worked with Alain Mikli to launch Starck Eyes. Bought in 2013 by Luxottica, Starck Eyes becomes Starck Biotech Paris in 2019 and is inspired by the human body to create revolutionary eyewear, merging design with biomechanics.<mask> helped design the Xiaomi Mi MIX smartphone, notable for having a 6.4-inch "whole surface screen". In 2016, <mask> developed a GPS-tracking wristband, DIAL (Individual Alert and Localization Device) for Société nationale de Sauvetage en Mer, which allows endangered people to share their exact location to rescue service whether they are in the sea or in the beach. In 2018, <mask> collaborated with Axiom Space and created the interior of the International Space Station's housing module. A comfortable and luxurious living space adapted to weightlessness, with suede-textured walls, big windows to appreciate the view and all the technology needed to stay connected. In 2019, the so-called AI chair was presented to the public. <mask> cooperated with experts of the 3D software company Autodesk and created a chair design with help of an Artificial Intelligence. Collections
<mask>'s work is seen in the collections of European and American museums, including the Musée National d'Art Moderne (to which he has donated several pieces, in particular prototypes) the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris, the MOMA and the Brooklyn Museum in New York City, the Vitra Design Museum in Basel and the Design Museum in London.More than 660 of his designs were inventoried in French public collections in 2011. Philosophy

Democratic design
<mask>'s concept of democratic design led him to focus on mass-produced consumer goods rather than one-off pieces, seeking ways to reduce cost and improve quality in mass market goods. Through his "democratic design" concept, <mask> has campaigned for well-designed objects that are not just aimed for upper-tiered incomes. He has expressed this as a utopian ideal, approached in practice by increasing production quantities to cut costs and by using mail-order, via Les 3 Suisses. In 1998, <mask> sets up the Good Goods catalogue with La Redoute, proposing 170 sustainable and respectful everyday life objects "for the future moral market". Later in 2000, driven by his desire to make design accessible for everyone, he works with Target Stores and proposes a collection of more than 50 exclusive and affordable products. <mask> released Ideas Box in 2011 for Bibliothèques Sans Frontières.These kit media libraries give the refugee populations access to culture and information. They can be installed anywhere around the world and provide screens, books, games, cameras etc. <mask> has been involved in the development of Fluocaril toothbrushes and Laguiole Knives. Alongside his work, <mask> partnered with Moustache Bikes for the M.A.S.S. (Mud, Asphalt, Sand and Snow). This is a portfolio of four e-bikes that use a Bosch electrical engine and battery pack. In January 2013, <mask> redesigned the Navigo travel pass.Bibliography

References

External links

 Mobilier national (France): <mask>ck

French designers
French industrial designers
Industrial designers
Product designers
1949 births
Living people
Axiom Space
Businesspeople from Paris
People named in the Paradise Papers

masks:
Philippe Starck
Life Starck
Andre Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Philippe Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Philippe Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Starck
Philippe Star


title: Paul Drinkhall

texts:
<mask> (born 16 January 1990) is a British table tennis player. He won the English Championship in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2016 and 2017. Career

<mask> was born in Middlesbrough. He enjoyed much success as a youngster, winning numerous national championships at his age level, and at levels above his own age. This success did not go unnoticed, as he was shortlisted for BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year in 2005, and finished in second place after Theo Walcott in 2006. He was again shortlisted for this award in 2007. He once again finished in 2nd place in 2007.In April 2008 <mask> signed with the German team TTC Indeland Jülich for the 2008–09 season, having previously played for another German club, Goennern. In December 2008 he was runner-up at the World Junior Table Tennis Championships in Madrid, losing to Chen Chien-an in the final. In 2010 <mask> signed with the Belgian Super Division club Nodo TTC Ekeren. At the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi he won a silver medal in the Men's Team event and a bronze medal in the Mixed Doubles events. <mask> has been National Champion in every age group so far eligible to compete in - Under 10, Under 11, Under 12, Under 14, Under 17, and Senior Men. <mask> became the youngest player since Chester Barnes to win the English Senior Men's title in Sheffield in March 2007 when he overcame the much more experienced former champion Alex Perry from Devon in the 4 - 1 contest. <mask> moved to Italy in September 2011, joining the Sterilgarda club with the intention of raising his performances in the run-up to the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.2012 Olympic Games
<mask> qualified for the 2012 Olympic games through a host nation place. In the singles event, <mask> defeated Kuwait's Ibrahim Alhasan 4–0 in the preliminary round then beat world ranked 52, Yang Zi from Singapore. In the last 32 stage, <mask> lost to Germany's Dimitrij Ovtcharov. Post-2012 Olympics
In 2012 <mask> joined Werder Bremen's table tennis team and returned to the table tennis Bundesliga after previous spells with Goennern, TTC Indeland Jülich and SV Plüderhausen. <mask> was part of the Werder Bremen team that won the Bundesliga that season. <mask> married Joanna Parker, also a professional table tennis player and a multiple English champion, in August 2013. <mask> became only the second English player (after Carl Prean) to win a tournament on the ITTF World Tour Open circuit when he won the Spanish Open in April 2014.This was the first win for a British player in a World Tour singles event in 18 years. The following month he was part of the England men's team which clinched promotion to the top level of world table tennis at the World Team Championships in Japan. In June 2014 it was announced that he would be leaving Werder Bremen and rejoining TTC Nodo for the 2014–15 season in order to obtain more playing time, although Werder said that <mask> would continue to train with the German club when he was not playing for Nodo or the English national team. <mask> won the Belgian League that same season with Nodo. <mask> represented England at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, winning a silver medal in the team competition as Singapore took gold in a repeat of the 2010 result. <mask> and <mask> subsequently won a gold in the mixed doubles competition, defeating fellow English pairing Liam Pitchford and Tin-Tin Ho in the final. In November 2014, <mask> reached the final of the Russian Open, beating several top-25 players along the way, including top seed Dimitrij Ovtcharov and third seed Marcos Freitas.His results on the ITTF World Tour meant he qualified for the Grand Finals to be played in Bangkok in December, becoming the first Englishman to compete at the event since 1996. His performances also lifted him to a new career high of No 33 in the ITTF world rankings. At the inaugural European Games in Baku in June 2015, <mask> was seeded 16 and reached the semi-finals, losing to top seed Dimitrij Ovtcharov. He was then beaten in the bronze medal play-off by Lei Kou. In November 2015, <mask> won the men's singles at the Aquece Rio International Tournament - the test event for the Rio Olympics. In March 2016, <mask> was part of the England team, alongside Liam Pitchford and Sam Walker, which won bronze medals at the World Team Championships in Malaysia, England's first medal at that level since 1983 and the first time a newly promoted team had earned a podium place at the event. The same month, he won the national men's singles title for the fifth time in his career.<mask> represented Team GB in singles and team event at the Rio 2016 Olympics, becoming only the third Brit in history to reach the last 16 stage of the singles. In the team event, alongside Liam Pitchford and Sam Walker, he helped GB beat France in the first round, before GB were knocked out by China. In March 2017, <mask> became the English Senior National Champion for the 6th time with a 4–2 victory over Sam Walker in the final. In February 2018, <mask> was part of the England squad alongside Liam Pitchford, Sam Walker, David McBeath and Tom Jarvis which won bronze medals by reaching the semi-finals of the ITTF Team World Cup in front of a home crowd at the Copper Box Arena in London. At the Commonwealth Games in Australia in 2018, <mask> won the gold medal in the men's doubles alongside Liam Pitchford and was part of the England squad which won men's team bronze, alongside Pitchford, Sam Walker and David McBeath. In 2019, <mask> became the first English player to win two ITTF World Tour events when he won the Serbia Open. In 2021, <mask> qualified for the Tokyo Olympics at the last minute following Samsonov's abrupt withdrawal from the event.See also
 List of England players at the World Team Table Tennis Championships

References

1990 births
Living people
English male table tennis players
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Table tennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic table tennis players of Great Britain
Table tennis players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Table tennis players at the 2015 European Games
European Games competitors for Great Britain
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in table tennis
Table tennis players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Table tennis players at the 2019 European Games
Table tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics

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title: Julie Burchill

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<mask> (born 3 July 1959) is an English writer. Beginning as a staff writer at the New Musical Express at the age of 17, she has since contributed to newspapers such as The Daily Telegraph, The Sunday Times and The Guardian. Her writing, which was described by The Observer in 2002 as "outrageously outspoken" and "usually offensive," has been the subject of legal action on several occasions. <mask> is also a novelist, and her 2004 novel Sugar Rush was adapted for television. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Bristol and educated at Brislington Comprehensive School. Her father was a Communist union activist who worked in a distillery. Her mother had a job in a cardboard box factory.In 2010, <mask> wrote of her parents: "I don't care much for families. I adored my mum and dad, but to be honest I don't miss them much now they're dead"; three years later she contradicted this when she said she couldn't return to Bristol, as every time she heard someone speaking with her parents' Bristol accent it would remind her how much she missed them. She did not attend university, leaving the A-levels she had started a few weeks earlier to begin writing for the New Musical Express (NME). Writing and broadcasting career

At the NME
She began her writing career at the New Musical Express (NME) in 1976, aged 17, after responding (coincidentally with her future husband Tony Parsons) to an advert in that paper seeking "hip young gunslingers" to write about the then emerging punk movement. She gained the job by submitting a "eulogy" of Patti Smith's Horses. She later wrote that at the time she only liked black music, and said: "When I actually heard a punk record, I thought, 'Oh my Lord! This is not music, this is just shouting'."Indeed, she managed to decry the very first self-released punk album in the UK, The Outsiders' Calling on Youth featuring Adrian Borland: "Apple-cheeked Ade has a complexion that would turn a Devon milkmaid green with envy." Fortunately for her, as she later said, "Punk was over in two years. That was the only damn good thing about it." She left her position at the NME at the age of 20, and started freelancing to be able to write about other subjects, although she has never completely given up writing about pop music. 1980s
Her main employers after the NME were The Face and The Sunday Times, where she wrote about politics, pop, fashion and society, and was their film critic from 1984 to 1986. She admitted in 2008 to making up film reviews and having "skived" from screenings, and her ex-husband, Cosmo Landesman, has admitted to attending screenings on her behalf. During the Falklands War in 1982, <mask> argued that the military dictatorship of General Galtieri represented a greater evil.She wrote articles favourable to Margaret Thatcher. Her sympathy for Thatcher helped in gaining a column for The Mail on Sunday, where in 1987 she went against the paper's usual political line by urging its readers to vote Labour. Though she claims to like the MoS, she said of journalists on the Daily Mail in 2008: "Everybody knows that hacks are the biggest bunch of adulterers, the most misbehaving profession in the world – and you have people writing for the Daily Mail writing as though they are vicars ... moralising on single mothers and whatnot." Into the 1990s
Burchill has spoken repeatedly and frankly of her relationship with drugs, writing that she had "put enough toot up my admittedly sizeable snout to stun the entire Colombian armed forces". She declared that "As one who suffered from chronic shyness and a low boredom threshold ... I simply can't imagine that I could have ever had any kind of social life without [cocaine], let alone have reigned as Queen of the Groucho Club for a good part of the '80s and '90s." While Burchill has frequently drawn on her personal life for her writing, her personal life has been a subject of public comment, especially during this period, when "everything about her – her marriages, her debauchery, her children – seemed to be news."In 1991, Burchill, Landesman and Toby Young established a short-lived magazine Modern Review through which she met Charlotte Raven, with whom she had a much publicised affair. "[I] was only a lesbian for about six weeks in 1995," she said in an interview with Lynn Barber in 2004, or "my very enjoyable six months of lesbianism" in a 2000 article. Launched under the slogan "Low culture for high brows", the magazine lasted until 1995, when Burchill and her colleagues fell out. It was briefly revived by Burchill, with Raven editing, in 1997. The "Fax war" in 1993 between Burchill and author Camille Paglia, published in the Modern Review, gained much attention. In 1995, Burchill wrote a column for The Times, titled "I'm a bitch, and I'm proud", in which she argued that women should reclaim the word 'bitch,' used as a slur. She wrote: "it is the nature of these things that, in recent years, the slighted have taken steps to repossess the slight; thus, we have blacks who call each other 'nigger', pansies who call each other 'queer' and upper-class cretins who quite happily call each other 'Henry'."In 1996, the actor, author, playwright and theatre director Steven Berkoff won a libel action against Burchill in respect of one of her articles, published in the Sunday Times newspaper, which included comments suggesting that he was "hideously ugly". The judge ruled that <mask>'s actions "held him to ridicule and contempt." The late 1990s were a turbulent period for Burchill as she has recalled:

From 2000 to 2004
A user of  cocaine, sharing in the activity in the company of Will Self among others, she was positive about her use in The Guardian in 2000 when defending actress Danniella Westbrook for Westbrook's loss of her nasal septum because of cocaine use. Journalist Deborah Orr, who was then married to Self, was scathing in The Independent of Burchill and her article: "She does not identify herself as a cocaine addict, so she has no pity for Ms Westbrook." In revenge for Deborah Orr's article, Burchill invented a supposedly long-standing crush on Will Self with the intention of upsetting Orr. A letter in The Independent in June 2000 from the head waitress at the Groucho Club at the time, Deborah Bosley, caused a minor stir. Responding to an article by Yvonne Roberts, Bosley, at the time the partner of Richard Ingrams, a long standing critic of Burchill, stated that Burchill was merely "a fat bird in a blue mac sitting in the corner" when ensconced at the Groucho.The following year's Burchill on Beckham (2001), a short book about Burchill's opinions concerning David Beckham's life, career, and relationship with Victoria Beckham, attracted "some of the worst notices since Jeffrey Archer's heyday. 'Burchill is to football writing what Jimmy Hill is to feminist polemics'," wrote one reviewer. According to Robert Winder in the New Statesman: "The book fits in with Burchill's theme of praising the working class; Burchill presents Beckham as an anti-laddish symbol of old working-class values – he reminds her of those proud men of her childhood, 'paragons of generosity, industry and chastity'." For five years until 2003, Burchill wrote a weekly column in The Guardian. Appointed in 1998 by Orr, while editor of the Guardian Weekend supplement, Burchill's career was in trouble; she had been sacked by the revived Punch magazine. Burchill frequently thanked Deborah Orr for rescuing her. One of the pieces she wrote for The Guardian was in reaction to the murder of BBC TV presenter Jill Dando in 1999.She compared the shock of Dando's murder to finding a "tarantula in a punnet full of strawberries". In 2002 she narrowly escaped prosecution for incitement to racial hatred, "following a Guardian column where she described Ireland as being synonymous with child molestation, Nazi-sympathising, and the oppression of women". <mask> had expressed anti-Irish sentiment several times throughout her career, announcing in the London journal Time Out that "I hate the Irish, I think they're appalling". She supported the Iraq War, writing in The Guardian in 2003 that she was "in favour of a smaller war now rather than a far worse war later", and criticised those opposed to the war as "pro-Saddam apologists". She justified her stance by stating that "this war is about freedom, justice – and oil" and that because Britain and the United States sold weapons to Iraq that, "it is our responsibility to redress our greed and ignorance by doing the lion's share in getting rid of him". <mask> left The Guardian acrimoniously, saying in an interview that they had offered her a sofa in lieu of a pay rise. She stated that she left the newspaper in protest at what she saw as its "vile anti-Semitism".From 2005 to 2009
<mask> was an early critic of the fashion for denigrating lower social classes as "chavs". In 2005, she presented the Sky One documentary In Defence of Chavs. "Picking on people worse off than you are isn't humour. It's pathetic, it's cowardly and it's bullying," she commented in an interview for The Daily Telegraph at the time. "It's all to do with self-loathing. ... The middle classes can't bear to see people having more fun, so they attack Chavs for things like their cheap jewellery.It's jealousy, because they secretly know Chavs are better than them. They're even better looking." Following her departure from The Guardian, in early 2005 she moved to The Times, who were more willing to meet her demands, doubling her previous salary. Shortly after starting her weekly column, she referred to George Galloway, but appeared to confuse him with former MP Ron Brown, reporting the misdeeds of Brown as those of Galloway, "he incited Arabs to fight British troops in Iraq." She apologised in her column and The Times paid damages thought to have been £50,000. In 2006, The Times dropped her Saturday column, and arranged a more flexible arrangement with <mask> writing for the daily paper. Later it emerged, during a Guardian interview published on 4 August 2008, that eventually she "was given the jolly old heave ho" by The Times, and paid off for the last year of her three-year contract, still receiving the £300,000 she would have earned if she had been obliged to provide copy.She later described her columns for her abbreviated Times contract, which ended abruptly in 2007, thus: "I was totally taking the piss. I didn't spend much time on them and they were such arrant crap." In February 2006, she announced plans for a year's sabbatical from journalism, planning, among other things, to study theology. In June 2007, she announced that she would not be returning to journalism, but instead concentrate on writing books and TV scripts and finally undertake a theology degree, but she returned to writing for The Guardian newspaper. Burchill's co-written book with Chas Newkey-Burden, Not in My Name: A Compendium of Modern Hypocrisy, appeared in August 2008, and is dedicated "to Arik and Bibi" (Ariel Sharon and Benjamin Netanyahu). According to Gerald Jacobs, writing for The Jewish Chronicle in 2008, "this book does not merely stand up for Israel, it jumps up and down, cheers and waves its arms". The newspaper described her as "Israel's staunchest supporter in the UK media".When asked if Israel has any flaws, she responded: "Yes. They are much too tolerant of their freaking neighbours, much too reasonable". She declared in 2005, after Ariel Sharon's withdrawal of Israeli settlers from the Gaza Strip, that "Israel is the only country I would fucking die for. He's the enemy of the Jews. Chucking his own people off the Gaza; to me that's disgusting". Besides writing occasional pieces for The Guardian, she wrote four articles for the centre-right politics and culture magazine Standpoint between July and October 2008. 2010s
At the end of June 2010 it was announced <mask> would be writing exclusively for The Independent, contributing a weekly full-page column for the paper.The connection lasted less than 18 months. <mask> wrote her last column for The Independent at the end of October 2011. Admitting he had tried to recruit Burchill for The Sun in the 1980s, Roy Greenslade commented: "my admittedly occasional reading of her columns in recent years has left [me] feeling that she realises her old schtick is no longer working. She has run out of steam – and sympathetic newspaper editors". Commenting on the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, <mask> wrote in The Independent: "It would be wonderful to think that what replaces Mubarak will be better. But here's the thing about Middle Eastern regimes: they're all vile. The ones that are 'friendly' are vile and the ones that hate us are vile.Revolutions in the region have a habit of going horribly wrong, and this may well have something to do with the fact that Islam and democracy appear to find it difficult to co-exist for long." On 13 January 2013, <mask> wrote an article for The Observer defending Suzanne Moore after a reference by Moore to transsexuals had been greeted with a great deal of criticism. In <mask>'s view, it showed the "chutzpah" of transsexuals to have their "cock cut off and then plead special privileges as women". There were a number of objections to her writing from members of the transgender community and non-transgender community alike. The editor of The Observer, John Mulholland, responded on the comments page to what he described as "many emails protesting about this piece" and stated that he would be looking into the issue. Liberal Democrat MP Lynne Featherstone, formerly a junior Minister for Women and Equalities, called for the dismissal of <mask> and Mulholland in response to the piece. The article was withdrawn from the website the following day and replaced with a message from Mulholland, but reappeared on the Telegraph website.On 18 January, The Observers Readers

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title: Julie Burchill

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 Editor Stephen Pritchard defended the decision to remove the article from the newspaper's website, quoting the editor who took that decision as saying "This clearly fell outside what we might consider reasonable. The piece should not have been published in that form. I don't want the Observer to be conducting debates on those terms or with that language. It was offensive, needlessly. We made a misjudgment and we apologise for that". Religion and philo-semitism
In her 1987 essay collection Damaged Gods: Cults and Heroes Reappraised, <mask> criticised what she called "the anti-Semitism of politicized American blacks" such as Jesse Jackson, who had referred to New York City as "Hymietown." Burchill wrote, "imagine how the blacks would have gnashed their diamond-studded teeth if a Jewish leader had publicly referred to Harlem as 'Nigger-town'!".In 1999, <mask> said she "found God", and became a Lutheran and later a "self-confessed Christian Zionist". In June 2007, she announced that she would undertake a theology degree, although she subsequently decided to do voluntary work instead as a way to learn more about Christianity. In June 2009, The Jewish Chronicle reported that Burchill had become a Friend of Brighton and Hove Progressive Synagogue and was again considering a conversion to Judaism. According to TheJC, she had attended Shabbat services for a month, and studying Hebrew, she described herself as an "ex-Christian", pointing out that she had been pondering on her conversion since the age of 25. <mask> said that "At a time of rising and increasingly vicious anti-semitism from both left and right, becoming Jewish especially appeals to me. ... Added to the fact that I admire Israel so much, it does seem to make sense – assuming of course that the Jews will have me". She wrote in November 2012: "The things I love about the Jews are: their religion, their language and their ancient country".Burchill clashed with Rabbi Elli Tikvah Sarah of the Brighton and Hove Progressive Synagogue, and the Rabbi's lesbian partner, Jess Woods. Among the reasons for their differences was Rabbi Sarah's defence of Muslims and her advocacy of the Palestinian cause. In <mask>'s words, the rabbi "respects PIG ISLAM". Rabbi Sarah told The Independent in September 2014: "The problem is [Burchill] doesn’t have any in-depth knowledge. I can imagine her endlessly watching the film Exodus with Paul Newman. She’s got a kind of Hollywood view of Jews. You know, ‘Jews are so clever, we’ve survived ...'."In 2014, <mask>'s crowdfunded book Unchosen: The Memoirs of a Philo-Semite was published. Tel Aviv-based writer Akin Ajayi in Haaretz thought "the reactionary solipsism of Unchosen is far removed from the affectionate warmness that a love of the Jewish people can be". <mask>'s ex-husband, Cosmo Landesman, considered it to be an "exhilarating and exasperating mix of the utterly brilliant and the totally bonkers". He observes that "there are plenty of Jews <mask> doesn't love" including the "millions of Jews around the world who have ever criticised Israel. Her love is blind, deaf and dumb to such an obvious contradiction". Guardian columnist Hadley Freeman wrote: "Burchill divides up the chosen people into Good Jews (hardliners, Israelites) and Bad Jews (liberal Jews) with the enthusiasm of an antisemite. Hilariously, she sets herself up as the Jewishness Police, railing against Jews who are not Jewish enough".In his review in The Independent, Keith Kahn-Harris, described Unchosen as "occasionally touching, sometimes bigoted and sporadically hilarious" but that it "often degenerates into EDL-style abuse that lacks any redeeming wit." Other books and television programmes
Burchill has written novels and made television documentaries. Her lesbian-themed novel for teenagers Sugar Rush (2004) was adapted into a television drama series produced by Shine Limited for Channel 4. Lenora Crichlow's portrayal of the central character Maria Sweet inspired the 2007 sequel novel Sweet. Burchill has made television documentaries about the death of her father from asbestosis in 2002 (BBC Four) and Heat magazine broadcast on Sky One in 2006. Welcome to the Woke Trials
Welcome To The Woke Trials: How #Identity Killed Progressive Politics was planned to be issued by Tabatha Stirling of Stirling Publishing in summer 2021 after being dropped by its original publisher following Burchill's defamatory tweets to Ash Sarkar. On 14 March 2021, when referencing her new publisher Burchill announced that, with Stirling, "I've found someone who's JUST LIKE ME."Stirling is alleged to have written a series of articles for Patriotic Alternative as "Miss Britannia", describing her son's school as "a hellhole for sensible, secure White boys" and claimed "there is one member of staff who is openly gay, and I mean RuPaul extra gay". On 16 March 2021, <mask> announced she would not publish her book with Stirling Publishing, the same day she issued a public apology for libel and harassment of Sarkar. The book was subsequently published by Academica Press. Statements and responses
Burchill has described her own style as "the writing equivalent of screaming and throwing things". For her novel Sugar Rush her publicist described her as "Britain's most famous and controversial journalist". One of her most consistent themes is the championing of the working class against the middle class in most cases, and she has been particularly vocal in defending 'chavs'. According to Will Self, "Burchill's great talent as a journalist is to beautifully articulate the inarticulate sentiments and prejudices of her readers".For Michael Bywater, <mask>'s "insights were, and remain, negligible, on the level of a toddler having a tantrum". John Arlidge wrote in The Observer in 2002: "If Burchill is famous for anything it is for being <mask>, the brilliant, unpredictable, outrageously outspoken writer who has an iconoclastic, usually offensive, view on everything. In November 1980, former Sex Pistols front man John Lydon gave an interview to Ann Louise Bardach in which he referred to <mask> and Tony Parsons as "toss-bag journalists, desperately trying to get in on something" in response to their book, The Boy Looked at Johnny, and described its chapter on amphetamines as "stupidity". Lydon was incensed by <mask> and Parsons attributing his talent to his alleged use of the drug in their book. In October 1999, in an article for The Guardian, she wrote: "young men succeed in suicide more often than girls isn't really the point. Indeed, the more callous among us would say that it was quite nice for young men finally to find something that they're better at than girls". After a previous occasion when Burchill wrote "suicides should be left to get on with it", she "received a small number of letters from people whose sons had killed themselves".In 2002, her life was the subject of a one-woman West End play, <mask> is Away, by Tim Fountain, with Burchill played by her friend Jackie Clune. A sequel by Fountain, <mask>: Absolute Cult, followed in 2014, with Lizzie Roper in the central role. In 2003, Burchill was ranked number 85 in Channel 4's poll of 100 Worst Britons. The poll was inspired by the BBC series 100 Greatest Britons, though it was less serious in nature. The aim was to discover the "100 worst Britons we love to hate". The poll specified that the nominees had to be British, alive and not currently in prison or pending trial. In 2005, on the 25th anniversary of John Lennon's murder, she told The Guardian: "I don't remember where I was but I was really pleased he was dead, as he was a wife-beater, gay-basher, anti-Semite and all-round bully-boy."In the essay "Born Again Cows" published in Damaged Gods (1987), she wrote: "When the sex war is won prostitutes should be shot as collaborators for their terrible betrayal of all women." On 6 June 2021, and shortly after the announcement of the birth of the daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Burchill tweeted: "What a missed opportunity. They could have called it Georgina Floydina!”, a reference to George Floyd. Her comments were widely condemned, with racial equality activist Shola Mos-Shogbamimu stating: "She’s (Lilibet) referred to as 'IT'. The utter disrespect & dehumanisation of #HarryandMeghan children because of their proximity to ‘Blackness’ is Racist"; actress Kelechi Okafor wrote: "Likening baby Lilibet to George Floyd is to hone in on the fact she isn't fully white...She refers to Lilbet as 'it' even though it has been announced that the baby is a girl and she could've addressed her as such...Disgusting scenes." On 8 June, via her Facebook account, Burchill announced that she had been sacked by The Daily Telegraph as a result of her online comments. Libel and harassment of Ash Sarkar
In December 2020, Burchill posted a series of defamatory tweets and Facebook posts about journalist Ash Sarkar, which included claims that Sarkar condones paedophilia and is supportive of Islamist terrorism.Burchill called on her Facebook followers to "wade in on Twitter" against "the Islamists" and the "nonces". As a result of the comments, her publisher, Little, Brown Book Group, cancelled the scheduled publication of Welcome to the Woke Trials, stating that her comments about Islam were “not defensible from a moral or intellectual standpoint”. In March 2021, after being sued for libel and harassment, Burchill retracted her comments, issued a full apology and paid substantial damages to Sarkar, including her legal costs. <mask> stated: "I should not have sent these tweets, some of which included racist and misogynist comments regarding Ms Sarkar's appearance and her sex life." She further apologised for "liking" posts calling on Sarkar to kill herself and promised to refrain from any further harassment of Sarkar. Personal life
<mask> married Tony Parsons (whom she met at NME) in 1979 at the age of 20. She left Parsons three years later, leaving behind a son, which was followed by years of rancour in the media, described in 2002 as "a steady stream of vitriol in both directions"; she had claimed to have persevered with the "sexual side" of their marriage "by pretending that my husband was my friend Peter York".Her relationships, particularly with Parsons, have featured in her work; Parsons later wrote that "It's like having a stalker. I don't understand her fascination with someone whom she split up with 15 years ago". Immediately after her relationship with Parsons, <mask> married Cosmo Landesman, the son of Fran and Jay Landesman, with whom she also had a son. The sons from her marriages with Parsons and Landesman lived with their fathers after the separations. After splitting from Landesman in 1992, she married for a third time in 2004, to Daniel Raven, around 13 years her junior, and the brother of her former lover Charlotte Raven. She wrote of the joys of having a "toyboy" in her Times column in 2010. Fellow NME journalist/author Paul Wellings wrote about their friendship in his book I'm A Journalist...Get Me Out of Here.She has written about her lesbian relationships, and declared that "I would never describe myself as 'heterosexual', 'straight' or anything else. Especially not 'bisexual' (it sounds like a sort of communal vehicle missing a mudguard). I like 'spontaneous' as a sexual description". In 2009 she said that she was only attracted to girls in their 20s, and since she was now nearly 50, "I really don't want to be an old perv. So best leave it". She has lived in Brighton and Hove since 1995 and a book on her adopted home town titled Made in Brighton (Virgin Books) was published in April 2007. Her house in Hove was sold (and demolished for redevelopment as high-density flats) around 2005 for £1.5 million, of which she has given away £300,000, citing Andrew Carnegie: "A man who dies rich, dies shamed."Burchill's second son, Jack Landesman, died by suicide in late June 2015, aged 29. In an article for The Sunday Times Magazine, she wrote of his inability over many years to experience pleasure and the serious mental health issues from which he suffered. Burchill had written in an October 1999 article for The Guardian, "That young men succeed in suicide more often than girls isn't really the point. Indeed, the more callous among us would say that it was quite nice for young men finally to find something that they're better at than girls". After a previous occasion when Burchill wrote "suicides should be left to get on with it", she "received a small number of letters from people whose sons had killed themselves". Bibliography
 The Boy Looked at Johnny, co-written with Tony Parsons, 1978
 Love It or Shove It, 1985
 Girls on Film, 1986
 Damaged Gods: Cults and Heroes Reappraised, 1987
 Ambition, 1989
 Sex and Sensibility, 1992
 No Exit, 1993
 Married Alive, 1998
 I Knew I Was Right, 1998, an autobiography
 Diana, 1999
 The Guardian Columns 1998–2000, 2000
 On Beckham, 2002
 Sugar Rush, 2004 (adapted for television in 2005)
 Sweet, 2007
 Made in Brighton, 2007, co-written with her husband Daniel Raven
 Not in My Name: A compendium of modern hypocrisy, 2008, co-written with Chas Newkey-Burden
 Unchosen: The Memoirs of a Philo-Semite, 2014
 Welcome To The Woke Trials: How #Identity Killed Progressive Politics, 2021

References

External links

 Guardian and Observer columns by <mask>ll
  Details of Sugar Rush on Channel 4

1959 births
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English women writers
Bisexual women
Bisexual writers
British republicans
Converts to Christianity
Daily Mail journalists
English columnists
English feminists
English social commentators
English women novelists
English LGBT novelists
Living people
NME writers
People from Brighton and Hove
Journalists from Bristol
The Guardian journalists
The Sunday Times people
The Times people
Women

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Julie Burchill
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Burchill
Julie Burchill
Julie Burchill
Burchill
Burchill
Burchill
Julie Burchi


title: Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken

texts:
<mask> of Zweibrücken (14 February 1625 – 24 October 1687) was a countess palatine, a cousin and foster-sibling of Queen Christina of Sweden, and a sister of King Charles X of Sweden. She was also, after the accession of her brother Charles X on the throne (1654), a titular Royal Princess of Sweden. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born at Stegeborg Castle, Östergötland, to Count Palatine John Casimir of Zweibrücken and Princess Catherine of Sweden. In 1622, her family fled from Germany during the Thirty Years War and settled in the birth country of her mother, Sweden, where <mask>ne herself was born three years later. She spent her first years at Stegeborg Castle, the fief of her mother. In 1632, her mother was given the responsibility of her cousin, Queen Christina, and <mask>ne was from that moment brought up with her cousin the Queen: she and her siblings stayed at their court also after the death of their mother in 1638, while their father remained at Stegeborg. <mask>ne was given a very good education, being brought up with Christina, but she was eventually tutored separately, because Christina as a monarch was considered to require an education otherwise unsuitable for her sex.During the Reign of Christina
In 1643, she received a proposal from Count Henry of Nassau. According to a letter of Christina, Henry was a rich and beautiful Prince who was well liked by <mask>ne. She left the decision to her father, however: he was uncertain as to whether Henry could support her, and in 1645, after Christina stated that she was fully capable of arranging a marriage for the same status for her relative in Sweden, he denied Henry. On 15 March 1645, <mask>ne was engaged to the Queen's favorite Count Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, and on 7 March 1647, she married him in the Royal Chapel of Tre Kronor (castle) in Stockholm. The marriage was arranged by Christina. Traditional myth has regarded this as a triangle drama: Christina and <mask> were both believed to have been in love with Magnus Gabriel, and in the end, Christina gave up the plans of marrying him herself, and gave him to her cousin with the words: I give to you what I can not have myself. A famous play has been written about this drama.It is not known how much of this legendary triangle drama is true, however. According to <mask>ne herself, the purpose was to show them both her favor. Magnus Gabriel had, according to her own memoirs, fallen in love with her at the age of eighteen, and due to the love letters exchanged by them during their marriage, at least <mask>ne certainly had strong feelings of affection for him. The marriage has however not been described as happy. At the wedding, Christina granted her several states, among them her grandmother's favorite residence Höjentorp, which was also to be her favorite, as well as a great personal allowance, which was later confirmed by her brother upon his succession. In 1653, Magnus Gabriel lost his favor with Christina and was expelled from court, and she tried to act as a mediator. <mask>ne had a close relationship with her brother Charles, and did what she could to support his planned marriage with Christina.During the Reign of Charles X and Charles XI
At the coronation of her brother King Charles X Gustavus in 1654, <mask>ne was granted the rank and status of a Royal Princess of Sweden. This was opposed by some parts of the nobility. <mask>ne did not use the title of Countess, but was generally referred to as  Princess. <mask>ne visited both her spouse and her brother in warfare: she visited her spouse in Germany and, in 1656, in Riga in Swedish Livonia, from where she had to flee again with her courtiers after just two weeks when the Russians set fire to the city. During the Dano-Swedish War (1658-1660), she and her sister-in-law Queen Hedvig Eleonora lived at Kronborg in Denmark after it had been taken by the Swedish general Carl Gustaf Wrangel. In 1658, her brother King Charles told her that he wished to make her spouse Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, but she convinced him not to by saying that Magnus Gabriel was more suited for military work. In 1660, she was present at the death bed of her brother in Gothenburg.He promised her great estates in Denmark, pensions for her children, and told her that he had named her consort Lord High Chancellor of Sweden in his will against her wish. <mask>ne was very active as a mediator and a spokesperson for supplicants who wished to speak to her spouse or to her brother the King (and later her nephew the King) on their behalf. This matters were not only small things, they also concerned women asking her to use her contacts to acquire offices of great political importance for their male relatives. In the same fashion, she acted as a mediator between her consort and the royal house, especially when he was out of favor. At Karlberg Palace, she received her supplicants in a room with paintings of her royal brother and mother, with a door open to the room where her brother the King had slept when he was a guest in her house. Contemporary view was that her spouse had her to thank for his successful career. In 1676, Lisbeth Carlsdotter, a witness in a witch trial inspired by the famous Gävle-Boy, tried to implicate <mask> and her sister-in-law <mask> for sorcery.This accusations was not taken seriously, but instead discredited the credibility of Lisbeth Carlsdotter as a witness and eventually led to the whole trial being dissolved. In 1680, her spouse fell in favor of her nephew, the monarch, after the death of Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna. She was denied an audience with her nephew without witnesses and had no success in getting her spouse in favor. After she, by using her contacts, managed to get an audience in private with the King, however, she told him that she hoped Gyllenstierna was now in Hell, and the result was that her spouse was appointed Seneschal. During the great reduction of her nephew King Charles XI in the 1680s, a lot of the property of the family was confiscated by the crown. <mask> was not above using her status as the aunt of the King to avoid confiscation, but she was only moderately successful: in 1685, she was allowed to keep her own personal allowance and her favorite residence, Höjentorp Castle, Västergötland, but the confiscation of her husband's property continued undisturbed. <mask> became a widow in 1686.This was in the middle of the reduction. The King refused to pay for the funeral of her spouse, and to stop the creditors from inventorying her own personal possessions and jewelry as well. She died at Höjentorp. <mask>ne was described as religious. She had her German saying »Gott ist mir allés» carved at a wall at Läckö Castle, as well as at a medallion, and in 1681, she anonymously published the German language prayer book »Der geistlich-hungerigen seelen himmelisches manna». In 1682, she wrote her own autobiography. Family
<mask>ne married Count Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie on 7 March 1647.Of their eleven children, only three survived childhood, and only one (Hedvig Ebba), had issue; but her only child himself died childless. Issue
Gustaf Adolf De la Gardie (1647–1695), unmarried, no issue. Catharina Charlotta De la Gardie (1655-1697), married Count Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck, no issue. Hedvig Ebba De la Gardie (1657–1700 ), married Count Carl Gustaf Eriksson Oxenstierna af Södermöre, and had one son, who died childless. Ancestry

References

 Sven Axel Hallbäck - Läckö slott (Läckö palace)
  Anteckningar om svenska qvinnor, Wilhelmina Stålberg, P. G. Berg (Notes on Swedish women)
 Svenska Familj-Journalen (Swedish family journal)
 Norrhem, Svante (2007). Kvinnor vid maktens sida : 1632-1772. Lund: Nordic Academic Press.Libris 10428618. Svenska Familj-Journalen
 Riksarkivet SBL Maria Euphrosine De la Gardie

House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken
Maria 1654
1625 births
1687 deaths
Countesses Palatine of Zweibrücken
Burials at Varnhem Abbey
17th-century Swedish writers
17th-century Swedish women writers
People of the Swedish Empire
De la Gardie family
Court of Christina, Queen of Sweden

masks:
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Sofia
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Euphrosyne
Maria Euphrosy
Maria Euphrosy


title: John Fitzalan, 7th Earl of Arundel

texts:
<mask>, 7th Earl of Arundel, 4th Baron Maltravers KG (14 February 140812 June 1435) was an English nobleman and military commander during the later phases of the Hundred Years' War. His father, <mask>, 3rd Baron Maltravers, fought a long battle to lay claim to the Arundel earldom, a battle that was not finally resolved until after the father's death, when <mask> the son was finally confirmed in the title in 1433. Already before this, in 1430, Fitzalan had departed for France, where he held a series of important command positions. He served under <mask>, Duke of Bedford, the uncle of the eight-year-old King Henry VI. Fitzalan was involved in recovering fortresses in the Île-de-France region, and in suppressing local rebellions. His military career ended, however, at the Battle of Gerbevoy in 1435. Refusing to retreat in the face of superior forces, Arundel was shot in the foot and captured.His leg was later amputated, and he died shortly afterwards from the injury. His final resting place was a matter of dispute until the mid-nineteenth century, when his tomb at Arundel Castle was revealed to contain a skeleton missing one leg. Arundel was considered a great soldier by his contemporaries. He had been a successful commander in France, in a period of decline for the English, and his death was a great loss to his country. He was succeeded by his son Humphrey, who did not live to adulthood. The title of Earl of Arundel then went to <mask>'s younger brother William. Family background

<mask> was born at Lytchett Matravers in Dorset on 14 February 1408.He was the son of <mask>, 3rd Baron Maltravers (1385–1421) and Eleanor (d. 1455), daughter of Sir <mask> of Beverstone, Gloucestershire. <mask> the elder, through his great-great-grandfather Richard FitzAlan, 4th Earl of Arundel, made a claim on the earldom of Arundel after the death of Thomas Fitzalan, 5th Earl of Arundel, in 1415. The claim was disputed, however, by Thomas's three sisters and their families, foremost among these Elizabeth FitzAlan, who had married Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk. It is debatable whether Maltravers ever held the title of Earl of Arundel; he was summoned to parliament under this title once, in 1416, but never again. When he died in 1421, the dispute continued under his son, and it was not until in 1433 that the younger <mask> finally had his title confirmed in parliament, despite the Mowbrays disputing his claim. Four years earlier, in July 1429, he had received his late father's estates and title. As a child, <mask> was contracted to marry Constance, who was the daughter of <mask>, Baron Fanhope, and through her mother Elizabeth granddaughter of <mask> of Gaunt.The two may or may not have married, but Constance was dead by 1429, when <mask> married Maud, daughter of Robert Lovell. FitzAlan was knighted in 1426 along with the four-year-old King Henry VI, where he was referred to as "Dominus de Maultravers" ("Lord Maltravers"). In the summer of 1429 he was summoned to parliament, this time styled "Johanni Arundell' Chivaler", meaning he was now Lord Arundel. In 1430, however, in an indenture for service with the king in France, he was styled Earl of Arundel, a title he also used himself. When he was finally officially recognised in his title of Earl of Arundel in 1433, this was based on the recognition that the title went with the possession of Arundel Castle. In reality though, the grant was just as much a reward for the military services he had by that point rendered in France. Service in France

<mask> the father had been a prominent soldier in the Hundred Years' War under King Henry V, and the son followed in his father's footsteps.On 23 April 1430, the younger Fitzalan departed for France in the company of the Earl of Huntingdon. There he soon made a name for himself as a soldier, under the command of the king's uncle, <mask>, Duke of Bedford. In June he took part in the Siege of Compiègne, where <mask> Arc had recently been captured. Later, he raised the siege of Anglure with the help of the Burgundians. On 17 December 1431, he was present when Henry VI was crowned King of France in Paris, where he distinguished himself at the accompanying tournament. FitzAlan's military success led to several important appointments of command; in November 1431, he was made lieutenant of the Rouen garrison, and shortly after also captain of Vernon. In January 1432 he was appointed captain of Verneuil.On the night of 3 February he was taken by surprise while in bed at the Great Tower of Rouen Castle, when a band of French soldiers from nearby Ricarville managed to take the castle. Arundel was hoisted down the walls in a basket; and made his escape. The assailants could not hold the castle, because Marshall Boussac refused to garrison the town; Guillaume de Ricarville was forced to surrender twelve days later. In April 1432, FitzAlan was rewarded for his actions so far by initiation into the Order of the Garter. In a separate action from Rouen Arundel was sent to rescue Saint Lo. from an attack by the duke of Alençon's army, after the town's captain Raoul Tesson had been appointed to replace Suffolk, who was captured at the Battle of Jargeau. The French retreated to the fastness of Mont St Michel, from where they continued to raid Anglo-Norman towns, like Granville in 1433.From early 1432 onwards, Fitzalan held several regional commands in northern France. One of his tasks was recovering fortresses in the Île-de-France region, at which he was mostly successful. At Lagny-sur-Marne he blew up the bridge to prevent the citizens from reaching the castle, but still failed to take the fortification. In December he was appointed to a regional command in Upper Normandy, but had to defend the town of Sées from a siege. On 10 March 1433, he issued a pardon to the inhabitants when the town was retaken from the Armangnacs. In July <mask> was instead made lieutenant-general of Lower Normandy. The earl continued his work of recovering lost fortresses that belonged to Ambroise de Loré, Bonsmoulins was taken easily, but Loré's family had occupied Saint-Céneri.After three months of culverin bombardment the walls were breached and most of the garrison killed. The remainder were allowed to march out unharmed. In the County of Alençon, a young, tall and courageous earl led the campaign that probably took place in 1433, taking back Saint-Célerin, Sillé-le-Guillaume, where there was a short skirmish. The Armagnacs arrived, and demanded the return of the hostages in the castle; Arundel feigned to agree and departed. As soon as the Armangnacs rode off Arundel returned and took the castle by assault. and by 1434 Beaumont-le-Vicomte. In December 1433, Bedford again appointed him commander in Upper Normandy, as well as captain of Pont-de-l'Arche.By now the Earl of Arundel might have returned briefly to England in May 1434, when he was in the process of gathering troops for an English expedition to France. But <mask>, Duke of Bedford was forced to raise loans for the soldiers' pay in the Maine campaign. That Spring he was joined in Paris by Talbot with nearly 1000 reinforcements from England. Later in May he was replaced as lieutenant of Upper Normandy by <mask>, Earl of Shrewsbury, and instead received a command between the Seine and Loire rivers. This effectively meant that the two shared the command of Normandy, with Talbot east of the Seine and Arundel to the west. But they combined operations capturing Beaumont-sur-Oise, and then Creil, which was finally taken on 20 June 1434. In the summer Arundel captured the Mantes-Chartres regional fortresses; it appeared for a time at least the Armagnacs no longer posed a threat to Paris.On 8 September, <mask> was also made Duke of Touraine – an area held by the French. The grant was made as a reward for his good service, but also in the hope that he would campaign in the area. In October he was made captain of Saint-Lô, where he had to deal with a rebellion in the Bessin area. The Duke of Alençon was trying to exploit the revolt to take control of Avranches, but Arundel managed to prevent the French advance and ended the rebellion. But in early 1435 the area of western Normandy erupted in popular revolt. Arundel was summoned to call muster from Rouen in order to protect Caen. Arundel was joined by another lieutenant-general Lord Scales from his base at Domfront, commanded to relieve Avranches.Alençon intended to build a fortress at Savigny, but when the English found out, the bailli of Cotentin was required to demolish it. With 800 men, <mask> was sent to recover Rue where he learnt that La Hire was fortifying Gerberoy, only 37 miles east of Rouen. Talbot had previously cleared out the Picardy, but when <mask>les had already occupied the fortress. He was forced to give battle or besiege. Death and aftermath

On the night of 31 May/1 June 1435, <mask> was at Mantes-la-Jolie in the Île-de-France, when he was ordered to relocate north to Gournay-sur-Epte (now Gournay-en-Bray). When he was informed that the French had taken over the nearby fortress at Gerberoy, he moved quickly to attack it. The English met with a large French force at Gerberoy.Many withdrew to Gournay in panic, but <mask> remained to fight. In the ensuing battle, Arundel lost many of his men and was himself hit in the foot by a shot from a culverin, a primitive musket. Heavily wounded, he was taken to Beauvais as a captive of the French. According to the French historian Thomas Basin, <mask> was humiliated by his defeat and refused to receive medical treatment for the damage to his foot. The leg was eventually amputated, but <mask>'s life could not be saved; he died of his injuries on 12 June 1435, depriving the English of one of their youngest, most able and dedicated military leaders. Arundel was replaced in his command by Lord Scales. There was long uncertainty about what had happened to the earl's body.The French chronicler Jehan de Waurin claimed that Arundel had simply been buried in Beauvais. In the mid-nineteenth century, however, the chaplain of the Duke of Norfolk came upon the will of Arundel's squire, Fulk Eyton, when he died later in 1454. Eyton maintained therein that he had secured the earl's body and brought it back to England, for which he had been rewarded with a payment of 1400 Marks. The body was disinterred brought back to England, then entombed in the Fitzalan Chapel of Arundel Castle, as Arundel had expressly wished for in his own will. On 16 November 1857, the tomb in the Arundel chapel carrying the earl's effigy was opened. In it was found a skeleton measuring over six feet, with a missing leg. Arundel's military career coincided with a period of general decline for the English in France.He had been an unusually successful campaigner. His death was lamented in England and celebrated in France. He was referred to as the "English Achilles"; the historian Polydore Vergil called him "a man of singular valour, constancy, and gravity." With his wife, Maud, he had a son, Humphrey, who was born on 30 January 1429. Humphrey succeeded to his father's title, but died on 24 April 1438, while still a minor. <mask>'s younger brother, William, was next in line of succession. William was born in 1417 and was created Earl of Arundel in 1438 when he came of age.Fitzalan family tree
The following simplified family tree shows the background for the dispute over the Arundel title and inheritance. Solid lines denote children and dashed lines marriages. References

Sources

Secondary

 C de Beaurepaire, Les Etats d e Normandie sous la Domination Anglaise 1422-1435, Évreux 1859

 L Douet-D'Arcq, (ed. ), La Chronique d'Enguerran de Montsrelet, Paris, 1859–62, vols 3–6. A J R Pollard, <mask> and the War in France, 1427–1453, London and New Jersey, 1983
 Thomas Rymer, ed., Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, London, 1726–35, 10 vols. J H Wylie, The History of England under Henry the Fifth (1896)

1408 births
1435 deaths
Knights of the Garter
14
04
Dukes of Touraine
Knights of the Bath
People of the Hundred Years' War
John

masks:
John Fitzalan
John Fitzalan
John Fitzalan
John
John
John Fitzalan
John Fitzalan
John Berkeley
John Fitzalan
John FitzAlan
John Fitzalan
John Cornwall
John
John
John Fitzalan
John
Joan of
Arundel
John
John Talbot
Arundel
Arundel
Arundelrail
Arundel
Arundel
Arundel
Arundel
John FitzAlan
John Talbot


title: Danielle Henderson

texts:
<mask> (born January 29, 1977) is an American, former collegiate All-American, medal-winning Olympian, retired professional All-Star softball pitcher who is currently the head coach at UMass. <mask> was a starting pitcher for the UMass Minutewomen softball from 1996 to 1999. <mask> also played professionally in National Pro Fastpitch from 2004 to 2007, where she currently ranks top-10 in career strikeout ratio (6.8). Along with numerous school records, she is the Atlantic 10 Conference career leader in ERA, shutouts, perfect games (3) and WHIP. <mask> represented the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics and won a gold medal. Early life and education
Born in Huntington, New York, <mask> grew up in nearby Commack and graduated from Commack High School in 1995. College
In her freshman season of 1996, <mask> led the team in wins, ERA, shutouts and strikeouts.<mask> threw her first no-hitter in the NCAA play-in opener against Marist Red Foxes. In 1997 as a sophomore, <mask> would earn her first National Fastpitch Coaches Association All-American and Atlantic 10 Pitcher of Year awards, as well as tossing two no-hitters and breaking the UMass season records for strikeouts, innings pitched and strikeout ratio. Her wins and shutouts were at the time both second best in school history. For the year, <mask> won her first pitching Triple Crown for the conference best in wins, strikeouts and ERA, while ranked in the NCAA top-10 for both ERA and strikeout ratio. On April 26, 1997, <mask> struck out a then school and a career best 18 Fordham Rams in regulation, this was tied third all-time for an NCAA single game and now is tied fourth overall. The day prior on April 25, <mask> also began a 63 scoreless inning streak that endured until May 17 for a then career best. UMass qualified for the 1997 Women's College World Series.However, <mask> was selected to the All-Tournament Team. Throwing five no-hitters (NCAA top-5 season tying record and one perfect game vs. the Fordham Rams on March 29, 1998) earned her all-season honors from conference and the NFCA in her junior season of 1998, moving from third to the second Team. <mask> broke four school records with her wins, strikeouts, shutouts (still the record) and a strikeout ratio of nearly 12; along with her ERA, she won a second conference Triple Crown. In addition, she again cracked the top-10 NCAA Division I season records with her strikeouts (led the NCAA), shutouts and then second best all-time season strikeout ratio mark, which also led the NCAA that year. A return trip to the Women's College World Series ended by shutout as the Minutewomen lost their second game to Oklahoma State Cowgirls and would be <mask>'s last appearance in the series. In her senior season of 1999, <mask> posted six no-hitters (another top-five tying NCAA season record), two perfect games and repeated all-season honors, including a First Team All-American highlight and her third straight Atlantic 10 Pitcher of The Year and pitching Triple Crown. <mask> won 30 games, struck out a then school and conference record (total led the nation) and tied the best season ERA mark at UMass.She had a career best WHIP and her strikeout ratio of 13.9, set a new NCAA season mark that is now 6th all-time. Her 105 scoreless innings streak from March 16 − May 2, 1999 remains the NCAA record. <mask> closed her career at UMass with the best strikeouts, ERA, shutouts, wins, WHIP, innings pitched, strikeout ratio, perfect games and no-hitter numbers, of which she still owns the ERA, WHIP, perfect games and shutout crowns. She holds the same career records for the Atlantic 10. Finally, in the NCAA <mask> is tied 6th in no-hitters (14) and 5th in perfect games (3) all-time for a career. In May 1999, <mask> was awarded the Honda Sports Award as the best softball player in the country. After her playing career, <mask> served as a private pitching instructor and was an assistant coach with Ohio State and Stanford.She rejoined her alma mater UMass as associate head coach for the 2014 season and has been head coach at UMass Lowell since 2015. Professional softball career

2000 Olympics
<mask> began playing for Team USA the summer after she graduated in 1999. On July 29, 1999, <mask> threw a perfect game defeating Colombia 9–0 at the start of the Pan American Games. She competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney where she received a gold medal with the American team. Her only game was a 3–0 win over Cuba. National Pro Fastpitch
<mask> began playing with the rejuvenated National Pro Fastpitch in 2004 with the now defunct Arizona Heat. She debuted on June 1, throwing two innings in a loss.Beginning on June 7-July 31, <mask> won a career best 7 consecutive decisions in 12 games, 5 complete. She struck out 55 batters and surrendered 35 hits, 30 walks and 9 earned runs for a 1.05 ERA and 1.08 WHIP. With the New England Riptide on June 5, 2005, she tallied a career best 13 strikeouts in a 3-0 shutout victory. She currently ranks top-10 in career strikeout ratio at 6.8. In 2005, <mask> made the All-NPF East Team. Although she did not play, <mask> also won a NPF Cowles Cup Championship with the defunct New England Riptide on August 28, 2006. Coaching career
<mask> had two stints as an assistant coach at UMass, first from 2000 to 2003 then as associate head coach in 2014.In between these stints, <mask> worked as a private pitching instructor before returning to college softball as assistant coach at Ohio State from 2011 to 2012 and Stanford under John Rittman in 2013. On July 30, 2014, she was named head softball coach at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Honors
In 2001, while serving a second term as Assistant Coach, the University of Massachusetts-Amherst ceremoniously retired <mask>'s #44 jersey. In her last season with her the Minutewomen, <mask> was also inducted into the New England Women's Hall of Fame on September 24, 2002. On October 9, 2009, <mask> was honored with an invitation into the UMass Hall of Fame. Career Statistics

College

Professional

Head coaching record

See also
NCAA Division I softball career wins list
NCAA Division I softball career strikeouts list
NCAA Division I softball career -1.00 ERAs list

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
American softball coaches
UMass Minutewomen softball players
UMass Minutewomen softball coaches
Ohio State Buckeyes softball coaches
Stanford Cardinal softball coaches
Olympic softball players of the United States
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in softball
Softball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
People from Commack, New York
Softball players from New York (state)

masks:
Danielle Henderson
Henderson
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