title: Mandali Buddha Prasad

texts:
<mask> (born 26 May 1956)  is an Indian politician and former Deputy Speaker of Andhra Pradesh, India. He is a staunch follower of Gandhian principles and a leader with Service motto and national outlook. Especially, he is known for his love and affection for Telugu language and Culture and for his unstinted efforts for their development and also for the welfare of Telugu people living all over the world. Birth and Education
He is born to <mask>, Prabhavathi Devi on 26 May 1956 at Nagayalanka, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. His father <mask> was a staunch follower of Gandhian Philosophy and a social worker. <mask> attained all the great qualities of his father and is moving in his foot steps. After completing his primary and high school education at Avanigadda, Krishna District, <mask> graduated from Osmania University, Hyderabad.As an M.L.A
He was elected as a Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Avanigadda Constituency of Krishna District for three terms during 1999, 2004 and 2014 and could get sanctions of 700.00 crores for the development works in the constituency as on date. As a Cabinet Minister
He dealt the portfolio of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries during 2007-2009. As a cabinet minister he has formulated many innovative schemes like 'Pashukranthi' to benefit poor people and small farmers with hybrid animals on subsidy rates and "Matsya Kranti" by which fisheries women are benefitted. He established an Advanced Research Centre of Animal Husbandry with International standards at Pulivendula, Kadapa District and three super specialty Veterinary Hospitals each one at Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Pulivendula. A Fisheries Polytechnic College is established at Bhavadevarapally, Krishna District. Development of Krishna District
Sri Mandali <mask> is in the forefront for the development of Krishna District, which is his native district. He was instrumental for modernization of Krishna Delta, construction of Puligadda–Penumudi bridge and Puligadda–Vijayawada river bund road.He played an important role for the establishment of Krishna University at Machilipatnam. As the convener of Krishna Delta Protection Committee, he led many movements for water supply to Krishna Delta for Irrigation purpose. For this cause, he underwent a seven day hunger strike in September, 2004. He played a prominent role for sanction of Pulichintala - Polavaram Project. Social service
In the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, nearly 10,000 people lost their lives. There were no traces of certain villages. He not only served the victims day and night but also worked as a secretary of The Deena Jana Samkshema Samithi and sheltered 120 orphan children and gave them food and education.During the tsunami that hit the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in 2005, rescue centres were established for the protection of coastal area with the co-operation of voluntary organizations. Whenever some natural calamity occurs, he used to stay with the victims and inculcated in them the confidence and took up the relief and rehabilitation programs. Gandhian
His father <mask> Venkata Krishna Rao established Gandhi Kshetram at Avanigadda during the year 1969 on the occasion of Gandhi Centenary Celebrations. Thus, he injected Gandhian principles from his childhood itself and he is striving hard to propagate them all along. He ran a monthly magazine "Gandhi Kshetram" for twelve years to propagate the Gandhian Principles. To inculcate the Gandhian Principles in the youth, he conducted several workshops. Smt.Nirmala Gandhi, Daughter-in-law of Mahatma Gandhi, Sri. Kanu Gandhi, Grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and followers of Mahatma Gandhi like Prabhakarji, Prof. N.G.Ranga and Sri Vavilala Gopala Krishnaiah participated in these workshops and commended his work. He also worked as a Secretary of Gandhian Institute of Social Services. He visited "Ponar Ashram", met Acharya Vinobha Bhave and got his blessings. Cultural field
He has been rendering yeoman services for the renaissance and to rejuvenate Telugu Culture. He took up several responsibilities in several activities. Conducted Krishna Mahotsavams and installed bronze statue of Sri Krishna Devaraya at Srikakulam in Krishna District.Conducted Divi Mahotsavams in Krishna District
 Made efforts to develop the tomb of C P Brown in England with the help of London Telugu Association. President - First International Kuchipudi Dance Festival held in Cupertino, USA in 2008
 Vice President and Chairman of Co-ordination Committee of 4th World Telugu Conference in 2012 at Tirupathi
 Chairman - World Telugu History Conference in London in 2013

Writer
He has been contributing number of articles on contemporary issues, Telugu language and culture to many leading newspapers and magazines. Few of his publications are:
 Mauritius lo Telugu Tejam
 Prajalu - Pragathi
 England lo Telugu Vaibhava Smruthulu

Political timeline
List taken from telaganadu.com:

Executive Member of the Krishna District Youth Congress Committee (1977–1985)
President, Avanigadda Mandal Congress Committee (1987–1989)
President, Krishna District Congress Committee (1989–2001)
Joint Secretary, A.P.C.C. (1990–1997)
General Secretary, A.P.C.C. (1997)
Member, AICC (1992–2013)
Joined Telugu Desam Party (2014)

Offices held
List taken from telaganadu.com:

Public offices held
 Deputy Speaker - Andhra Pradesh (June 2014 – Present)
 Andhra Pradesh Official Language Commission (2013 - 2014). Served as Minister for Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development & Fisheries (2007–2009). Elected as M.L.A., from Avanigadda in 1999, 2004 and 2014 elections.Member - Public Accounts Committee, 2004 Member – Delimitation Commission, 2005

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
Deputy Speakers of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
State cabinet ministers of Andhra Pradesh
Telugu Desam Party politicians
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019
People from Krishna district

masks:
Mandali Buddha Prasad
Sri Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao
Sri Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao
Sri Mandali Buddha Prasad
Sri Buddha Prasad
Buddha Prasad
Sri Mandali


title: Song Jing

type: original

texts:
<mask> (宋璟) (663 – November 21, 737), formally Duke Wenzhen of Guangping (廣平文貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as the chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong. He was praised by historians for his insistence on being morally upright, and for being a just administrator of the law during his time as Xuanzong's senior chancellor. Background
<mask> was born in 663, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. His clan was originally from Guangping (廣平, in modern Handan, Hebei), but by the time of <mask>'s birth, his family had relocated to Xing Prefecture (邢州, roughly modern Xingtai, Hebei). The clan traced its ancestor to the Northern Wei official <mask> (), although <mask>'s grandfather <mask>ben () and father <mask>fu () served only as local officials. <mask> was said to be upright in his character from youth. He was also said to be learned and capable in writing, and passed the imperial examinations when he was young.During Wu Zetian's reign
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong's wife Wu Zetian, <mask> became Fengge Sheren (鳳閣舍人, Fengge Sheren), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (鳳閣, Fengge). It was said that he acting properly while in office and was respected by Wu Zetian. In 703, when Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong tried to falsely accuse the chancellor Wei Yuanzhong by persuading <mask>'s colleague Zhang Shuo to provide corroboration of their accusation that Wei wanted to pledge loyalty to Wu Zetian's son and crown prince Li Xian instead of Wu Zetian herself, it was <mask>, along with Zhang Tinggui () and Liu Zhiji who persuaded Zhang Shuo that historical reputation was more important than political expediency, which led Zhang Shuo to change his testimony and instead corroborate Wei's innocence. As a result, Wei (and Zhang Shuo) were exiled, but escaped death. Meanwhile, <mask> himself refused to yield to Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, despite their honored status. At one feast, Zhang Yizhi tried to placate <mask> by offering the most honored position on the table to <mask>, which <mask> declined—and subsequently, publicly showed disapproval when another official, Zheng Gao (), used an endearing epithet toward Zhang Yizhi. It was said that Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong later tried to attack <mask> before Wu Zetian, but Wu Zetian favored <mask> and therefore took no action.<mask> soon became Yushi Zhongcheng (), one of the deputy chief imperial censors. In 704, when Zhang Changzong was accused of having had inappropriate discussions with the fortuneteller Li Hongtai (), who had told him that he had the appearance of an emperor, <mask> pressed on with the investigation even though Wu Zetian and the chancellor Yang Zaisi signaled to him that he should stop the investigation. He even had Wu Zetian approve an interrogation of Zhang Changzong, although as the interrogation had just commenced, Wu Zetian issued an edict pardoning Zhang Changzong. <mask> sighed, "I should have first cracked that villain's skull." When Wu Zetian subsequently had Zhang Changzong try to meet <mask> to thank him for the release, <mask> refused to meet Zhang Changzong. During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and Li Xian, formerly emperor, was restored to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). <mask> became the deputy minister of civil service affairs (), and as Emperor Zhongzong favored <mask> for his morals, he also gave <mask> the title of imperial consultant (諫議大夫, Jianyi Daifu).Soon thereafter, he was made Huangmen Shilang (), the deputy head of the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng). At that time, Wu Zetian's nephew and Emperor Zhongzong's cousin Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing, who was also the lover of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, was very powerful. On one occasion, Wu Sansi made a request to <mask> and <mask> sternly rejected, stating:

In summer 706, when the hermit Wei Yuejiang () submitted an accusation of the adulterous relationship between Wu Sansi and Empress Wei, Emperor Zhongzong was incensed and was set to execute Wei Yuejiang. <mask> refused, stating that executing Wei Yuejiang would merely bring more rumors and that if Emperor Zhongzong were to execute Wei Yuejiang, he needed to execute <mask> first. Meanwhile, other officials, including Su Xiang (), Xu Jian (), and Yin Sizhen (), pointed out that it was inappropriate to execute anyone during the summer. Emperor Zhongzong thus spared Wei Yuejiang and exiled him to the Lingnan region. (However, Wei Yuejiang ultimately was unable to escape death, as Empress Wei's associate Zhou Rengui (), then the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), executed Wei Yuejiang as soon as fall came.)Soon thereafter, Wu Sansi had <mask> sent out of the capital to serve as acting prefect of Bei Prefecture (貝州, in modern Xingtai). Once <mask> got to Bei Prefecture, he further offended Wu Sansi—as he refused to have tax payments due Wu Sansi as his fief paid to Wu Sansi, citing that the region had just suffered a flood. He was moved to be the prefect of the more distant Hang Prefecture (杭州, roughly modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and later served as the prefect of Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern Handan). It was said that he was clean but strict as a prefect, and his subordinates did not dare to be corrupt. During Emperor Shang's reign and Emperor Ruizong's second reign
Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly in 710—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Empress Wei and her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle, so that Empress Wei could become "emperor" like Wu Zetian and Li Guo'er could be crown princess. Meanwhile, though, Emperor Zhongzong's son by a concubine, Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen, was named emperor (as Emperor Shang), but Empress Wei retained power as empress dowager and regent. <mask> was made the secretary general of Luo Prefecture (), which contained the eastern capital Luoyang.Less than a month later, Empress Dowager Wei and Li Guo'er were killed in a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi. Li Longji's father Li Dan the Prince of Dan, himself a former emperor, returned to the throne (as Emperor Ruizong). Emperor Ruizong made <mask> the minister of civil service affairs () and gave him the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin (), making him a chancellor de facto. After Li Longji was created crown prince, <mask> was also made a member of his staff. During Emperor Zhongzong's reign, the civil service affairs system was subject to great abuses by powerful individuals at court, particularly while the chancellors Cui Shi and Zheng Yin were in charge — as they were allowing bribes and pleas by powerful individuals to influence them, going as far as naming reserve officials two years in advance. <mask> and his deputies Li Ai () and Lu Chongyuan () reformed the system and put the civil service system back in order, at the same time that <mask>'s fellow chancellor Yao Yuanzhi, who was then also minister of defense, put the military promotion system back in order as well. It was said that popular sentiment at the time viewed this as the return to the clean government of the days of Emperor Gaozong's father Emperor Taizong.<mask>'s reforms included removing all of the several thousands of officials that Emperor Zhongzong commissioned directly without submitting the commissions to the examination bureau for review. Meanwhile, Princess Taiping and Li Longji were beginning to have discord, as both tried to influence Emperor Ruizong's administration. Princess Taiping, finding Li Longji difficult to control, began considering trying to replace him as crown prince with one of two nephews with arguable better claims than Li Longji—Li Longji's older brother Li Chengqi the Prince of Song and his cousin Li Shouli the Prince of Bin, the son of Emperor Zhongzong's older brother Li Xián (note different tone), who had been crown prince at one point during Emperor Gaozong's reign. When she hinted that Li Longi should be replaced at a meeting she had with the chancellors, the other chancellors all did not dare to speak, but <mask> directly responded:

In spring 711, <mask> and Yao suggested to Emperor Ruizong that the way to stop the rumors about Li Longji's being replaced would be to send Princess Taiping and her husband Wu Youji to live in Luoyang, while sending Li Chengqi and Li Shouli out of the capital Chang'an to be prefectural prefects. Emperor Ruizong initially agreed (with the exception that he believed that Luoyang was too far, and therefore was ready to send Princess Taiping to Wu Youji to Pu Prefecture (蒲州, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) instead), but after Princess Taiping found out and objected vehemently, Li Longji, fearful of consequences, disavowed and denounced <mask> and Yao. Emperor Ruizong removed both from their chancellor positions and demoted them to be prefectural prefects—in <mask>'s case, to be the prefect of Chu Prefecture (楚州, roughly modern Huai'an, Jiangsu). He later served successively as the prefect of Yan Prefecture (兗州, roughly modern Jining, Shandong), Ji Prefecture (冀州, roughly modern Hengshui, Hebei), and Wei Prefecture (魏州, in modern Handan); the examiner of Hebei Circuit (河北, roughly modern Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin); the commandant at You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing); and principal of the imperial university (國子祭酒, Guozi Jijiu), being in charge of Luoyang.He was then recalled to Chang'an to serve as the secretary general of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern Xi'an, Shaanxi). During Emperor Xuanzong's reign
In 712, Emperor Ruizong passed the throne to Li Longji, who took the throne as Emperor Xuanzong. In 713, after Emperor Xuanzong converted Yong and Luo Prefectures to special municipalities, <mask> was made the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆府, i.e., the old Yong Prefecture). As of 715, he was serving as chief imperial censor (御史大夫, Yushi Daifu), when, on one

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Song Jing
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Song Bian
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Song Wu
Song Xuan
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title: Song Jing

texts:
 occasion, he was accused of not ordering for greater force to be applied when a criminal was being caned, and he was demoted to be the prefect of Mu Prefecture (睦州, in modern Hangzhou). He was later made the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong). It was said that at that time, the people of Guang Prefecture used bamboo to build houses, and therefore the houses were prone to fires. <mask> promoted the use of bricks, which greatly reduced the damage of fires, and the people of the region were grateful for this.As of 716, Yao Yuanzhi—who had changed his name to Yao Chong by that point—and Lu Huaishen were serving as chancellors. Lu died in late 716, and before he did, submitted a petition arguing that <mask> and several other officials, Li Jie (), Li Chaoyin (), and Lu Chongyuan had been demoted only of minor offenses and, as they were talented, should be repromoted. Meanwhile, Yao was drawing displeasure from Emperor Xuanzong due to accusations that his sons and associate Zhao Hui () were corrupt. Yao, in fear, offered to resign and recommended <mask> to succeed him. Emperor Xuanzong, who was then preparing to go to Luoyang, thus recalled <mask> to serve as the minister of justice (刑部尚書, Xingbu Shangshu) and be in charge of Chang'an. He sent one of his close eunuch associates, Yang Sixu (), to Guang Prefecture to escort <mask> back to the capital. Yang had many past achievements—including putting down a coup during Emperor Zhongzong's reign led by Emperor Zhongzong's crown prince Li Chongjun—and was honored by the emperor, but on the trip back to Chang'an, <mask>, who did not like to ingratiate the emperor's associates, did not say anything to him.When Yang informed Emperor Xuanzong of this, Emperor Xuanzong was even more impressed with <mask>. Around the new year 717, he removed Yao and fellow chancellor Yuan Qianyao from their chancellor posts and replaced them with <mask> and Su Ting—naming <mask>men Jian (黃門監, the head of the examination bureau, which by that point had been renamed Huangmen Sheng ()) and acting minister of civil service affairs. Emperor Xuanzong also created <mask> the Duke of Guangping. <mask> and Su worked well together, with <mask> taking the leading role and Su the assisting role. With Yao having distinguished himself as one who modified the regulations to fit the situation and <mask> known for following the laws strictly and fairly, it was said that while their styles were different, they were both considered great chancellors of Emperor Xuanzong's reign. <mask> was also known for often making suggestions to correct Emperor Xuanzong's and governmental officials' behavior, thus causing Emperor Xuanzong to respect him more. These actions included:

 In spring 717, when Emperor Xuanzong was heading to Luoyang, he saw that the roads were not in good condition and initially was angry, wanting to arrest the mayor of Henan Municipality (i.e., Luoyang) and the official in charge of the itinerary.<mask> pointed out that this would have the undesirable effect of causing the officials to put many citizens to labor to repair the roads. Emperor Xuanzong was set to release the two, but <mask> then pointed out that if he did so immediate, the officials would be grateful to <mask>, not to him, and therefore suggested that he should order the two to report to the place of investigation and then release them there. In fall 717, under <mask>'s suggestion, Emperor Xuanzong restored the customs during Emperor Taizong's times that officials were not to meet the emperor privately without imperial chroniclers and advisors present, to promote openness. In winter 717, when Emperor Xuanzong requested that <mask> and Su submit a number of formal names and titles for his sons and daughters—but separately requested a set of particularly honorable names, presumably for a favorite son—<mask> and Su pointed out that this would be viewed as favoritism, and therefore submitted a group of names without any designation as to what were particularly honorable names. When <mask> found out that the officials of Guang Prefecture had established a monument for him, he informed that Emperor Xuanzong that he believed that the act was mere flattery, trying to ingratiate him as a chancellor. He suggested that not only the monument be abolished, but that such actions be prohibited in the future, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. When Emperor Xuanzong's father-in-law Wang Renjiao () died, Wang Renjiao's son Wang Shouyi () requested that a tomb be built for Wang Renjiao that would be as large as Emperor Xuanzong's maternal grandfather Dou Xiaochen (), and Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed.<mask> and Su pointed out that Dou's tomb was already considered overly wasteful and should not be followed. Emperor Xuanzong agreed, and reduced the scale of Wang Renjiao's tomb. When Emperor Xuanzong wanted to give an extraordinary promotion to Wang Renchen () -- a former staff member of his who also appeared to be Wang Renjiao's cousin—<mask> pointed out that this was unfair favoritism, and that Wang Renchen might deserve an award but not an extraordinary promotion. When <mask> (), a reserve official who was also a cousin of <mask>'s father <mask>, tried to use the connection to gain influence on the civil service officials, <mask> found out and removed <mask>o from the roll of reserve officials. When Li Chengqi, whose name had been changed to Li Xiàn at this point and who was greatly honored by Emperor Xuanzong as an older brother, recommended a relative named Xue Sixian () as an official, <mask> pointed out that this would be unfair favoritism as well, and recommended that Xue's service be reexamined. It had been customary that the liaison officers that the regional governments sent to Chang'an carried large sums of money and treasure to Chang'an—and they were then often kept at Chang'an as officials, creating the perception that they had bribed powerful individuals. <mask> changed the regulations such that such liaison officers were required to return to the regional governments.By 720, however, <mask>'s strictness would eventually bring his removal. <mask> had ordered that individuals who had repeatedly appealed their cases without cause be detained by the imperial censors, until they were willing to drop their appeals. This drew much anger from people. At that time, there happened to be a drought, which, according to popular beliefs at the time, would be accompanied by the appearance of a spirit known as the Hanba (). One day, while Emperor Xuanzong was watching a play, an actor dressed as the Hanba, and stated:

Meanwhile, further, <mask> and Su were strictly prohibiting the use of damaged coins, which they had tried to replace with newly minted coins. However, the damaged coins were still in circulation despite the prohibition, particularly in the region between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. <mask> sent the imperial censor Xiao Yinzhi () to the region to be in charge of collecting the damaged coins and taking them out of circulation.Xiao was strict in his behavior, drawing much resentment. Emperor Xuanzong, when he heard this, demoted Xiao, and in spring 720 removed <mask> and Su from their chancellor posts, giving <mask> the honorific title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi () instead. He replaced <mask> and Su with Yuan and Zhang Jiazhen. In 722, while Emperor Xuanzong was at Luoyang, there was a coup attempt at Chang'an by the army officer Quan Chubi (), who had his nephew Quan Liangshan () claim to be the son of Emperor Shang and therefore deserving of the throne. The coup attempt was put down quickly, and Quan Chubi was killed. Emperor Xuanzong sent the mayor of Hunan Municipality, Wang Yi (), to Chang'an to investigate. Wang detained a large number of people but could not quickly come to resolutions as to who were responsible.Emperor Xuanzong made <mask> in charge of Chang'an and had him investigate. <mask> quickly determined who were the leaders and had them executed, and at his request, Emperor Xuanzong pardoned the rest of the detainees. In 724, when Emperor Xuanzong was set to visit Luoyang again, he again made <mask> in charge of Chang'an and made him minister of civil service affairs; he also awarded <mask> with silk. Around 725, when Emperor Xuanzong's trusted general Wang Maozhong () was set to have his daughter married, he invited the key government officials to the wedding banquet—but <mask> declined; Wang, who wanted the honor of <mask>'s attendance, had Emperor Xuanzong order <mask> to attend, which <mask> did, but as soon as he had the chance to toast the emperor, he then claimed illness and left the banquet. In 729, <mask> was made You Chengxiang (), one of the heads of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). The day that <mask> was to take office, Yuan and Zhang Shuo were to take new offices as well, Emperor Xuanzong set up a grand ceremony for their inauguration, including an elaborate tent, music, and food from the imperial kitchen. Emperor Xuanzong personally wrote a poem commemorating the contributions of the three.In 730, when the chancellor Pei Guangting took the office of minister of civil service affairs as well, Pei instituted a system of promotion based on seniority. <mask> argued fervently against it, believing that this would cause capable people to be stuck in low positions, but Emperor Xuanzong did not agree. In 733, <mask> retired and took residence in Luoyang, and Emperor Xuanzong ordered that full salaries be paid to <mask> notwithstanding his retirement. In 734, when Emperor Xuanzong visited Luoyang, <mask> came out of his mansion to greet the emperor, and Emperor Xuanzong had his son Li Huang () the Prince of Rong personally comfort <mask>, and thereafter frequently sent medicines and delicacies to <mask>. <mask> died in 737 and was given posthumous honors. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 96.New Book of Tang, vol. 124. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214. 663 births
737 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang
Chancellors under Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Mayors of

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title: Petra Štefanková

texts:
<mask>á is a Slovak illustrator, digital artist, designer and art director. She has worked in the animation, advertising and publishing industry. She studied graphic design at Jozef Vydra's School of Applied Art in Bratislava in 1993-1997, visual communication at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava in 1997-2003 a film and TV graphics at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague in 2002. Additionally, she took a short course at Central Saint Martin's, University of the Arts London in 2016. In December 2007 she won Channel 4's 4Talent Award for young creatives from all creative industries in the United Kingdom and presented her work at GRAPHITE 2007, the digital art exhibition and conference organised by the North American and Australian chapter of the ACM SIGGRAPH at the University of Western Australia in Perth. Her work was exposed widely on shows all around the world with her solo shows taking place in Bratislava, Nitra, Malacky, Berlin, Prague and Washington DC. Australian curator Andrew Chew selected her work for GAS Project exhibition 2007 along with a special guest Doze Green from NYC, one of the Top Ten Visual Artists in the world according to Stylus magazine rating.Her work has been presented by the Museum of computer art based in NYC and the Heritage Museum in Hong Kong. In July 2007 she was selected for exhibition at Images 31: The Best Of British Illustration in London College of Communication (which repeated again in 2009) and published in 200 Best Illustrators Worldwide 2007/08 by Luerzer, Expose 6 - The Finest Digital Art in the Known Universe by Ballistic Publishing in 2008. From a thousand entrants, she was also selected to exhibit within the digital art on environment issues exhibition Common Ground 2008 running across China (with a start in Beijing) and galleries in the US in 2010. In April 2008 at age 29 she was invited to join the Fellowship of the Royal Society of Arts in London. In July 2008 she presented her illustrative work at ICON5 Illustration Salon in Roosevelt Hotel off Madison Avenue in New York City. Other public presentations include Les E-Magiciens, European Digital Animation festival organized by SUPINFOCOM in France in November 2008, Pecha Kucha Night in Brighton in November 2009, discussion at DOX: Centre for Contemporary Art in Prague in June 2010 and ICON6 Illustration Salon in Langham Hotel in Pasadena, CA in July 2010, ICON7 Roadshow Illustration Salon in Providence, Rhode Island, in 2012 and TEDx Bratislava 2013. Notably, as a designer, she collaborated on an animated title sequence for the feature film Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang with Voodoodog Animation in London.The team was awarded, Silver World Medal at New York Festival, (World's Best TV and Film Awards) in 2011. In 2012 she was part of the BOND magazine Launch event and exhibition at Saatchi Gallery in London. House of Illustration in London organised the event Illustrator's Christmas Fair, where she presented her work in December 2015. In 2015 she was also selected for the international exhibition Between Volga and Danube organised by the Russian Academy of Art in Moscow. In 2016 she took part in Prague Design Week organised at Kafka's house in the heart of Prague. Publications include Visual Artist at Work by Michael Fleishman, Centage (2009, US), Vector Graphics and Illustration, A master class in digital image-making by Steven Withrow and Jack Harris, Rotovision (2008, UK),  Planet Alert, Revista Colectiva (2009, Costa Rica), A DGPH Project: The Ark, IdN / Systems Design, (2009, Hong Kong), 3x3 Directory (2017, 2018, USA); Drawn Vol.1 The Best Illustrators Worldwide (2017, Australia), Bezier Vol.1 The Best Vector Artists Worldwide (2017, Australia), Channel 4's 4Talent magazine 8 and 9 and many more. <mask>á is an author, designer and illustrator of children's books 'Moje malé more', self-published in 2016 and 'Čmáranica a Machuľa', published by Slovart in 2018.She has illustrated a children's book of Mária Štefánková 'My už vieme všeličo' published by Slovart in 2017. As an illustrator and author of the concept, she collaborated with her mother, a poet Aurélia Štefanková, on a book 'Neberte mi sny / Don't take my dreams from me' in 2020. <mask> is a supporter of many charity projects such as Parky Life by the agency Havas Lynx in the UK (2019), Memories in aid of Maggie´s Centres by Garrick Webster (DAHRA, 2011), project Dotyky umenia of the top model Ivana Christová (Orin Panacea, 2013). She supported talented individuals from Slovakia in various projects – in media in London and by establishing an illustration agency representing Slovak and Czech illustrators abroad. She was a guest of many events, receptions and private views at the Slovak and British embassies, The Buckingham Palace Gallery, TATE Britain, the RSA House in London, Slovak Olympic House, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London etc. She regularly communicates with representatives of the international cultural and the art scene, diplomats, entrepreneurs as well as members of the nobility. <mask>á starred in a number of television documentaries and reportages.Portrét umelca - <mask>á was filmed for television TV 213 and directed by Anton Faraonov in 2016. In 2010 she was part of a documentary series about Slovaks abroad (Slováci vo svete) directed by Branislav Mišík and the reportage was filmed at the premises of the RSA in London. Two other reportages were filmed for television RTVS as part of programmes Slovensko v obrazoch (2020) and Správy RTVS (2021). <mask>á was presented live on a television programme Dámsky klub in an interview with the host Iveta Malachovská on RTVS in 2021. On February 25, 2022 Vanity Fair magazine in the United Kingdom has published <mask>á's painting in the A-list Artists section as part of their annual Hollywood issue. External links
Artfacts.net profile
Books on Goodreads.com
Toast by the President of the Slovak Republic Ivan Gašparovič
Article about <mask>ková's work on the blog of the RSA
Article about a workshop with <mask>á on the blog of the RSA
Let's be brief interview
Graphite 2007 proceedings
Illustration for the cover of the Guardian
Illustration for Dialogue review magazine
Works on the web of Museum of computer art in NYC
Article about solo show at Mala Scena Theatre (Slovak language)
Article about a solo show in Berlin at Lite-Haus
Television documentary online (Slovak language)
Laureates of the Minister of Culture of the Slovak Republic Award 2019 (Slovak language)
IMDB Filmography

References
FLEISHMAN, Michael. The Visual Artist at Work.USA: Cengage Learning, Inc, 2008. 384 pages. .
WITHROW, Steven; HARRIS, Jack. Vector Graphics and Illustration: A Master Class in Digital Image-making. UK: Rotovision, 2008. 176 pages. .

Slovak artists
Living people
1978 births
Digital artists
Women digital artists
Art directors
Slovak illustrators
Slovak women artists
21st-century women artists
Women graphic designers

masks:
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov
Petra
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefan
Petra Štefankov


title: Bernie Krause

texts:
Bernard L<mask> (born December 8, 1938) is an American musician and soundscape ecologist. In 1968, he founded Wild Sanctuary, an organization dedicated to the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes. Krause is an author, a bio-acoustician, a speaker, and natural sound artist who coined the terms geophony, biophony, and anthropophony. Biography
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan. From 1957, he worked as a recording engineer and producer in Ann Arbor while an undergraduate student. Krause joined The Weavers in 1963, occupying the tenor position originated by co-founder Pete Seeger until they disbanded in early 1964. Electronic music
Krause moved to the San Francisco Bay Area to study electronic music at Mills College.During this period Krause met Paul Beaver and together they formed Beaver & Krause. They also served as the Moog company's sales representatives on the U.S. West Coast. As such, they were able to exploit the growing fascination in the new synthesizer sounds among rock and pop musicians, an interest that was partly influenced by these artists' consumption of hallucinogenic drugs, and the increasingly generous advances they received from their record companies. In June 1967, Beaver & Krause set up a stall at the Monterey Pop Festival, where they introduced the Moog III to the musicians and attendees at the festival. The team played Moog synthesizer on the Monkees' song "Star Collector" (1967), one of the first pop group recordings to feature synthesizer. In 1967 they released The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music. It was the first West Coast recording to utilize Dolby A301 (without meters) noise reduction as an inherent part of their production.Beaver & Krause, individually or as a team, went on to sell Moog IIIs to musicians and perform on their recordings with the instrument. In November 1968 Krause was asked by George Harrison to demonstrate the synthesizer after performing on a session for Apple artist Jackie Lomax in Los Angeles. According to Krause, without his knowledge, permission, or compensation, Harrison made a recording of the demonstration and issued an unauthorized version as "No Time Or Space" on his Electronic Sound album the following year. Because of their studio work in Hollywood, New York City, and London, Beaver & Krause are credited with helping to introduce the synthesizer to pop music and film. Soundscape recording
Since 1979, Krause has concentrated on the recording and archiving of wild natural soundscapes from around the world. These recordings – works of art and science commissioned primarily by museums, aquaria, and zoos for their dioramas and sound installations worldwide – have been mixed into ambient tracks for numerous feature films, and downloadable field recording albums from the world's rare habitats. In 1985 Krause, with colleague, Diana Reiss, helped lure Humphrey the Whale, a migrating female humpback that had wandered into Sacramento River Delta and apparently got lost, back to the Pacific Ocean.As scientific co-directors of the operation, they used recordings of humpbacks feeding, recorded by two graduate students from the University of Hawaii, recordings that Krause modified to eliminate extraneous noise and add different characteristics to the audio tracks so that the whale would not habituate to the one audio short example that was provided by the students' graduate professor. Krause's 1988 CD album, Gorillas in the Mix (Rykodisc), is composed entirely from sampled animal sounds, played from sampling keyboards. Working in the field of soundscape ecology, a sub-category of ecoacoustics, Krause introduced a number of terms and concepts into the discipline to further define the sources of sound within the soundscape. They include geophony, the first sounds heard on earth consisting of non-biological natural sounds such as the effect of wind in trees or grasses, waves at the ocean or lakeshore, or movement of the earth. The second acoustic source is called biophony, the collective signature produced at one time by all sound-producing organisms in a given habitat. The third, and last of these elements is referred to as anthropophony, or human-generated acoustic signatures. In the final category, some sources represent controlled sound, such as music, theatre, or language.While a large percentage consists of incoherent or chaotic sound, referred to as noise. The first and last terms were implemented along with his late colleague, Stuart Gage, Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University. <mask> was invited to present a TED Global talk at the 2013 Edinburgh conference and the keynote talk at the first conference of the International Society of Ecoacoustics (ISE), a worldwide organization, meeting in Paris in June, 2014. In July 2014, the Cheltenham Music Festival premiered "The Great Animal Orchestra: Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes," a collaboration with friend and colleague, Richard Blackford, former Balliol College Oxford Composer-in-Residence. Performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and conducted by Martyn Brabbins, the theme is based on Krause's 2012 book of the same title. The work integrates natural soundscapes into the orchestral textures of a major symphonic piece. The symphony was recorded and released on CD by Nimbus Records in September 2014.On April 3, 2015, Krause and Blackford premiered the score for their first ballet, "Biophony", performed by Alonzo King LINES Ballet at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco. His most recent two books, published by Yale University Press, are titled Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes, and "Wild Soundscapes: Discovering the Voice of the Natural World". In September, 2021, "The Power of Tranquility in a Very Noisy World,"

On July 1, 2016, the Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain in Paris opened the first major natural soundscape exhibit in a contemporary art museum. Based on his book, "The Great Animal Orchestra," the sound sculpture serves as an early retrospective of <mask>'s work and includes many examples of his collection along with supporting graphic and visual media. The visual elements were generated by the London-based organization, United Visual Artists (UVA). The exhibit ran until 7 January 2017 and opened as part of a larger Fondation Cartier collection at the Seoul (S. Korea) Museum of Art in May, 2017.The Great Animal Orchestra art piece has subsequently been shown at Shanghai's Power Station of Art, 2018, and at the 180 The Strand Gallery, London in 2019. It currently runs at the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts.In May, 2022, the work opens at the 23rd Biennale in Sydney, Australia. Personal life

Krause and his wife, Katherine, live in Sonoma, California. The Krauses' home, with his archives, equipment, and all of their personal possessions were destroyed in a wildfire on 11 October 2017. His audio recordings, though, were backed up off-site. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 56, No.1/2, 2008 January/February
 The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places, Little Brown, published March 2012 (). "Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes," (Yale University Press, 2015, )
 "Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape," Bryan C. Pijanowski, Luis J. Villanueva-Rivera, Sarah L. Dumyahn, Almo Farina, <mask><mask>, Brian M. Napoletano, Stuart H. Gage, and Nadia Pieretti, www.biosciencemag.org March 2011 / Vol. 61 No. 3 BioScience, 203-216, (ISSN 0006-3568 print, ISSN 1525-3244 online)
 <mask>, <mask>, Gage, Stuart H., Joo Wooyeong, "Measuring and interpreting the temporal variability in the soundscape at four places in Sequoia National Park," Landscape Ecology, ISSN 0921-2973, Landscape Ecol, DOI 10.1007/s10980-011-9639-6
 <mask>, <mask>, "Bioacoustics: Habitat ambience and ecological balance," (Whole Earth Review, No. 57, Winter, 1987, )

References

External links
 <mask>use biography at Wild Sanctuary

 "The voice of the natural world" (TEDGlobal 2013)
<mask>use Interview for NAMM Oral History Program (2010)
 Krause sound art exhibition, Paris, (2016)

American electronic musicians
American non-fiction environmental writers
Folk musicians from Michigan
Soundscape ecology
The Weavers members
Union Institute & University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
1938 births
Living people
Singers from Detroit
American sound artists

masks:
. Krause
Krause
Krause
Krause
Bernie L
. Krause
Krause
Bernie
Krause
Bernie
Bernie Kra
Bernie Kra


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
<mask>  is a Filipino political scientist. He is Full Professor of Political Science and International Studies at De La Salle University (DLSU) where he served as Chair of the Political Science Department (1994–2007); Chair of the International Studies Department (2008–2013); and Dean of the College of Liberal Arts (2013–2017). He continuously aims to bridge theory and practice in academic and other professional endeavors. Aside from teaching and research, he has served as political and policy consultant to government officials, electoral candidates, political parties, national and international organizations. Teehankee specializes in the comparative analysis and development of East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on elections, party politics, democratization and governance. He has published papers on elections, party politics, and political dynasties in the Philippines, Japan and Southeast Asia. He has been cited as one of only four political scientists in the 2015 Webometrics' List of 150 Top Scientists in the Philippines based on Google Scholar citations.His research works have been indexed in Scopus and Web of Science-Social Sciences Citation Index. He was co-editor of Building Inclusive Democracies in ASEAN, a recipient of the 2016 National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Outstanding Book Award. Teehankee has been quoted by The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Economist. His political commentaries have been published by the East Asia Forum, New Mandala, and Asia Dialogue. He has appeared regularly on media as a political analyst. Education
<mask>e finished his elementary education at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1972 to 1980. He attended high school at La Salle Greenhills from 1980 to 1984.He obtained both his doctorate degree in Development Studies (with distinction in 2001) and his bachelor's degree major in Political Science (1988) from De La Salle University. He earned his master's degree in Political Science (1994) from the University of the Philippines Diliman. From 2007 to 2008, he completed his postdoctoral studies at the Graduate Schools of Law and Politics at the University of Tokyo under a Japan Foundation fellowship. Personal background
His paternal grandfather José Tee Han Kee, immigrated to the Philippines in 1901 from Amoy (now Xiamen), China. He was a close associate and friend of Sun Yat-Sen, and was active in the struggle to liberate China from the Qing (Manchu) dynasty. He was the first medical director of the Chinese General Hospital in Manila. Dr. Tee Han Kee established the Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing  in 1921 and the Filipino-Chinese Medical Society in 1933.He also founded Farmacia Central - the largest prewar drugstore in Manila and precursor of Mercury Drugstore. <mask>'s uncle, <mask>, was the 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. <mask>'s maternal grandfather, Pedro G<mask> founded the Laboratorio de P. Cabral in 1923. His aunt Myrna O<mask> became the Mother Superior of the Holy Spirit Adoration Order (also known as the Pink Sisters) in the Philippines. Myrna took the name Sister Mary Hermenegildes, and later became the order's Mother Prioress and served as spiritual adviser to former president <mask> C. Aquino and Pope John Paul II. Visiting Fellowships
<mask>e was a visiting fellow at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Japan in 2020. Previously, he was a visiting fellow at the Philippines Project of the School of Regulation and Global Governance, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University in 2019; at the Southeast Asia Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong in 2018; at the Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University in 2015; at the Japan Institute for International Affairs in 2002; a Sumitomo Foundation research grantee at the Waseda Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Waseda University in 2000; a Fulbright American Studies fellow at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in 2000; and, a Japan Foundation faculty development grantee at Ibaraki University, Japan from July 1995 to July 1996.Major publications

Books
 Imperious and Imperiled: The Paradox of the Philippine Presidency, co-authored with Mark R. Thompson [forthcoming]
 Patronage Politics in the Philippines: Clans, Clients, and Competition in Local Elections, co-edited with <mask> <mask> [forthcoming]
 Rethinking Parties in Democratizing Asia [forthcoming]
 Debate on Federal Philippines, co-edited with Eduardo Araral, Gilberto Llanto, Jonathan Malaya, and Ronald Mendoza, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press/Bughaw, 2017. Building Inclusive Democracies in ASEAN, co-edited with Ronald Mendoza, Edsel Beja Jr., Antonio La Viña, and Maria Villamejor-Mendoza, Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2015. (2016 National Academy of Science and Technology Outstanding Book Award)
 Rethinking Japan’s Foreign Policy: State, Society, and Security. Manila: Yuchengco Center for East Asia, 2002. Japanese Party Politics and Governance in Transition. Manila: Yuchengco Center for East Asia, 2002. Book chapters
 “Rethinking Patronage Politics in the Philippines.” In Teehankee, J.C and <mask>in, A (Eds.) Patronage Politics in the Philippines: Clans, Clients, and Machines in Local Politics, [forthcoming]. "Introduction: Taking a Second Look at Asian Political Parties.” In <mask>, J. C. (Ed.) Rethinking Parties in Democratizing Asia, [forthcoming]. “Untangling the Party List System.” In Hutchcroft P. (Ed.)Strong Patronage, Weak Parties: The Case for Electoral Reform in the Philippines.Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2019, 145-161. "Accountability Challenges to Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia.” In Holzhacker, R. and Agussalim, D. (Eds. ), Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia and ASEAN. Singapore: Brill, 2019, 79-97. “House of Clans: Political Dynasties in the Philippine Legislature.” In Thompson, M.R. and Batalla E.C.(Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philippines. London and New York: Routledge., 2018, 85-96. “Strengthening the Party List System as a List Proportional Representation Election System.” In Malaya, J. (Ed.). The Quest for a Federal Philippines, 110-122. Pasay: PDP Laban Federalism Institute., 2017, 98-110.“Rationale and Features of Federalism.” In Araral, E. et al. Debate on Federal Philippines, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press/Bughaw, 2017, 9-44. “Was Duterte’s Rise Inevitable?” In Curato, N. (Ed.) A Duterte Reader: Critical Essays on Rodrigo Duterte’s Early Presidency. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press/Bughaw., 2017, 39-58. “Institutionalizing Political Party Reforms in the Philippines.” In Mendoza, R.U., Beja, E.L. Jr., Teehankee, J.C. La Viña, A.G.M., and Villamejor-Mendoza, M.F.V.(Eds.) Building Inclusive Democracies in ASEAN. Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2015, 308-318. “The Philippines” in Blondel, J., Inoguchi, T., and Marsh, I. (Eds.) Political Parties and Democracy: Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia 1990-2010. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 187-205.“Clientelism and Party Politics in the Philippines,” in Tomas, D. and Ufen, A. (Eds.) Clientelism and Electoral Competition in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Oxford, UK: Routledge, 2012, 186-214. “Been There, Done That: Southeast Asian Response to the Global Financial Crisis?" In Global Financial Crisis and Its Impacts on Asia. Seoul, Korea: Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2010, 39-67.“Image, Issues and Machinery: Presidential Campaigns in Post-1986 Philippines," In Kasuya, Y. and Quimpo, N. (Eds.). The Politics of Change in the Philippines. Manila: Anvil, 2010, 114-161. “Citizen-Party Linkages: Failure to Connect?” In Herberg, M. (Ed.) Reforming the Philippine Party System: Ideas and Initiatives, Debates and Dynamics.Pasig: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2009, 23-44. “Consolidation or Crisis of Clientelistic Democracy? The 2004 Synchronized Elections in the Philippines,” in Croissant, A. & Martin, B. (Eds. ), Between Consolidation and Crisis: Elections and Democracy in Five Nations in Southeast Asia. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006, 215-276.“Election Campaigning in the Philippines," in Schafferer, C. (Ed.) Election Campaigning in East and Southeast Asia. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005, 79-101. “Electoral Politics in the Philippines,” in <mask>t, A., Bruns, G., & John, M (Eds. ), Electoral Politics in Southeast & East Asia Singapore: Freidrich Ebert Stiftung, 2002, 149-202. Journal articles
 "Duterte’s Populism and the 2019 Midterm Election: An Anarchy of Parties?” co-authored with Yuko Kasuya, Philippine Political Science Journal [forthcoming].“Factional Dynamics in Philippine Party Politics, 1900-2019,” Journal of Contemporary Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 39 (1), 2020, 98–123. “The 2019 Midterm Elections in the Philippines: Party System Pathologies and Duterte’s Populist Mobilization,” co-authored with Yuko Kasuya, Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, Vol. 5(1), 2020, 69–81. “Mapping the Philippines’ Defective Democratization,” co-authored with <mask> <mask>, Asian Affairs: An American Review, 47(2), 2020, 97-125
 “Les catastrophes humanitaires et l’essor de de la philanthropie religieuse mondialisée [Disasters and the Rise of Global Religious Philanthropy],” co-authored with Jayeel <mask> Diogene, 2016, 122-139. “Regional Dimensions of the 2016 General Elections in the Philippines,” Regional and Federal Studies, Volume 28 Issue 3, 2018, 383-394. “Duterte’s Resurgent Nationalism in the Philippines: A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35 (3), 2016, 69-89.“The Vote in the Philippines: Electing A Strongman,” co-authored with Mark R. Thompson, Journal of Democracy, Volume 27 Issue 4, 2016, 124-34. “Weak State, Strong Presidents: Situating the Duterte Presidency in Philippine Political Time,” Journal of Developing Societies, Volume 32 Issue 3, 2016, 293-321. “The Philippines in 2015: The Calm Before the Political Storm,” Philippine Political Science Journal, Volume 37 Issue 1, 2016, 228-238. “The Study of Politics in Southeast Asia: The Philippines in Southeast Asian Political Studies,” Philippine Political Science Journal, 35 (1), 2014, 1-18. “Party.Politics.Ph: Internet Campaigning in the Philippines,” Philippine Political Science Journal, 31 (54), 2010, 87-116. “Synthesis and Distillation of Policy Issues: What Should Governments Do? The Global Financial Crisis as a Market and Government Failure” Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 9 (1), 2009, 85-90.“The Political Aftermath of the 1997 Crisis: From Asian Values to Asian Governance? Dialogue + Cooperation 18, 2007, 25-39. “Access to Justice Indicators in the Asia-Pacific Region,” Arellano Law and Policy Review, 7 (1), 2006, 62-79. “Institutional Continuity and the 2004 Philippines Election,” Dialogue + Cooperation 11, 2005, 63-67. “Emerging Dynasties in the Post-Marcos House of Representatives,” Philippine Political Science Journal, Volume 22, Number 45, 2001, 55-78. “Internal Armed Conflicts and the Peace Process in the Philippines,” Kajian Malaysia Volume 18 Numbers 1 & 2. June–December 2000, 141-156."Dynamics of Local Politics in Ibaraki Prefecture and Mito City after the Collapse of the 1955 System," Bulletin of College of General Education Ibaraki University, Volume 30, 1996, 343-350. “Party Politics and Philippine Political Development: An Assessment of the 1987, 1988 and 1992 Elections,” Praxis: Journal of Political Studies, Volume VII, Number 1, April 1995, 47-65. “The Context of Political Transition in Post-EDSA Philippines,” Praxis: Journal of Political Studies, Volume VI, Number 1 June 1994, 60-71. "The State, Illegal Logging and Environmental NGOs in the Philippines," Kasarinlan: Journal of the Third World Studies Center, Volume 9, Number 1 Third Quarter, 1993, 19-34. “The Spatio-temporal Roots of the Filipino Nation: A Reassessment of the Revolution of 1896, ” Praxis: Journal of Political Studies, Volume V, Number 1, 1991-1993, 30-43. “Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: An Overview of the Legislature's Response to the Bases Issue,” DLSU Dialogue: Official Journal of De La Salle University, Volume XXIV, Number 1, 1989-1990, 15-25. Networks and professional organizations
Teehankee has held leadership positions in prominent professional organizations: Council Member (2019-2021) of the International Political Science Association (IPSA); President (2016-2019) and Secretary (1995-1999) of the Philippine Political Science Association (PPSA); President (2009-2011) and Executive Secretary (2011-2016) of the Asian Political and International Studies Association (APISA); Adviser (since 2016) of the Association of Political Consultants of Asia (APCA); Adviser (since 2017) the Philippine International Studies Organization (PhISO).He serves as the Regional Manager for Southeast Asia and the Pacific of the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project. V-Dem produces the largest global dataset on democracy with some 28 million data points for 202 countries from 1789 to 2019. Previously, he has served as Country Evaluator for the Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) reports for 2003 and 2014; and as Country Reporter for 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012. BTI is a 128 country project focusing on the political management of the transformation toward Democracy and a Market Economy. Teehankee is the associate editor of the Philippine Political Science Journal. He was former editor of the Asia Pacific Social Science Review. He is also a member of the editorial boards of a number of Scopus-indexed academic journals that include: the Asia Pacific Social Science Review, the Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, the Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, and Asian Affairs: An American Review.He is a lifetime member of the Pi Gamma Mu Honor Society, Beta Chapter, Philippines. References

Filipino political scientists
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
De La Salle University alumni
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
De La Salle University faculty
University of Tokyo alumni
Filipino people of Chinese descent

masks:
Julio Cabral Teehankee
Julio Teehanke
Julio
Claudio Teehankee
Julio
. Cabral
. Cabral
Corazon
Julio Teehanke
Cleo
Calimbahin
Calbah
Teehankee
Croissan
Cleo
Calimbahin
Colio


title: Clemente Mastella

texts:
<mask>i government from 10 May 1994 to 17 January 1995 and Minister of Justice in the Prodi government from 17 May 2006 to 17 January 2008. He was also elected to the European Parliament in June 2009 on the list of The People of Freedom of Berlusconi. Political career
<mask> was born in Ceppaloni, province of Benevento. In 1976 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Christian Democracy party. After the party's dissolution in 1994, <mask> joined with Pierferdinando Casini to found a new party, called Centro Cristiano Democratico.That same year, following the election victory of Silvio Berlusconi, he was appointed Minister of Labour. In 1998, after the fall of Romano Prodi's first government, <mask> decided to follow Francesco Cossiga, lifetime senator and former Italian Republic President. He left his party to found the Christian Democrats for the Republic, then Democratic Union for the Republic. This new political party, which supported the new centre-left government led by Massimo D'Alema, lasted only one year. In 1999, <mask> took over the leadership of UDEUR. In 2005, <mask> took part in the primary election for the leadership of The Union. He obtained 4.6% of the vote.<mask> <mask> and the President of the Sicilian Region Salvatore Cuffaro were subjects of a scandal when it was revealed that they had been the best men of Francesco Campanella, a former member of the Mafia who helped the boss Bernardo Provenzano when he was a fugitive from the law. In July 2000, <mask> was a witness at Campanella's wedding. In 2016 he became mayor of the city of Benevento. Minister of Justice
In 2006, <mask> became minister of Justice in the Prodi government. <mask> promoted a general amnesty in 2006. He also proposed criminalising Holocaust denial, but he dropped the proposal after opposition by historians and concerns about such law being unconstitutional. As Minister of Justice, <mask> received an "Advice of Judicial Proceedings" in February 2007 from the Naples prosecutors’ office.He is being investigated for fraudulent bankruptcy when the Naples football club S.S.C. Napoli collapsed in 2004. <mask> was vice president of the Board of Directors. In September 2007 he has asked the Higher Council of the Magistracy to arrange the transfer of the prosecuting attorney of Catanzaro Luigi De Magistris, who was inquiring on a committee of illegal transactions composed by politicians (including <mask> himself) and magistrates. In May 2007, <mask> started a blog of his own (clementemastella.blogspot.com) in retaliation to criticism by the Italian comedian and political activist Beppe Grillo. <mask>'s wife, Sandra Lonardo, is also a UDEUR politician, and she acts as president of the Regional Council of Campania. She has been under house arrest for suspected bribery since 16 January 2008.Meanwhile, <mask> <mask> resigned from his position as Justice Minister; in announcing his resignation, he said that "between the love of my family and power I choose the former" and expressed his desire to be "more free from a political and personal point of view". Prodi rejected the resignation, but on 17 January <mask> said again that he was resigning. Prodi was to temporarily take over his portfolio. In 2017 <mask> was cleared of charges. 2008 Italian political crisis
Despite having earlier said that he would support Prodi's government without participating in it, on 21 January 2008, <mask> said that his party was ending its support, thereby depriving the government of its narrow majority in the Senate. <mask> said that UDEUR wanted an early election and that it would vote against the government if there was a vote of confidence. <mask>'s decision occurred a few days after a decision by the Constitutional Court which confirmed that there would be a referendum to modify the electoral system.As stated many times by <mask>, if the referendum was confirmed this would lead directly to the fall of the government and in fact this is what happened. The fall of the government disrupted a pending election-law referendum that, if it had been passed, would have made it harder for small parties like Mastella's to gain seats in parliament. On 6 February 2008, <mask> announced that he would be part of Silvio Berlusconi's Casa delle Libertà. but on 1 March Berlusconi refused to form a coalition with Mastella, citing too many differences in their political programmes. After failing to secure a coalition with any other political party, <mask> decided to quit the electoral competition on 7 March, as the Italian electoral system subjects political parties not a part of a coalition to thresholds of 4% and 8% for the Chamber and the Senate, respectively. European Parliament
He was elected to the European Parliament in June 2009 on the list of The People of Freedom of Berlusconi. In July 2009 he was quoted in the Italian because of statements made about the per diem collected at the European Parliament: "An allowance of 290 euro!"- he said in a lift to his assistants - "'It's misery. ... They do not know what you get in the Italian Parliament". In the first months of the current legislature (2009-2014) of the European Parliament he was one of the MEPs less present during voting in plenary meetings. Mayor of Benevento
On 20 June 2016, <mask> was elected mayor of Benevento as head of a centre-right coalition. On 3 June 2020, he left Forza Italia to create a regional list named Noi Campani (We Campanians) in support of centre-left incumbent president Vincenzo De Luca for his re-election campaign. References

External links
 Official website
 <mask>'s blog

1947 births
Living people
People from the Province of Benevento
Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
20th-century Italian politicians
MEPs for Italy 2009–2014
21st-century Italian politicians
Union of Democrats for Europe MEPs
Union of Democrats for Europe politicians
Christian Democratic Centre politicians
Democratic Union for the Republic politicians
Italian Ministers of Justice
Mayors of Benevento
People from Benevento

masks:
Mario Clemente Mastellacon
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Clemente
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Clemente
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
<mask> (born 13 March 1952 in Königswiesen, Austria) is an Austrian studio potter and was professor of ceramics at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz. Biography
From 1972 to 1979 <mask> studied ceramics at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz and graduated as Master of Fine Arts. 1980 she founded her first studio near Lienz/ Tirol and worked there as freelance artist until 2014. 1986 she additionally started working as Assistant professor at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz and continued her career there as Associate professor until her retirement in 2014. 2015 she founded a new studio in Puchenau near Linz and works also in Tyros, Arcadia, Greece. Besides being artist and professor she also acted as curator and academic author in the field of ceramic art. Work
As artist she won awards, prizes and grants in Austria, Germany, Croatia und Hungary.She participated in 32 personal and 121 group exhibitions in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, Belgium, Chechia, Spain, Denmark, Lithuania, Croatia, Latvia, Turkey, Egypt, USA, Korea and Japan. Her artworks can be found in several art museums and other well known public or private art collections, like the Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna, the Museum of Design, Zürich, Sèvres – Cité de la céramique, France, the Igal & Diane Silber Collection, Laguna Beach/ Cal., the Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery (Lithuania), the International Ceramics Studio in Kecskemét (Hungary), the Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Mino Ceramic Park, Gifu (Japan), the Grassi Museum, Leipzig, or the collection of the Veste Coburg. <mask> herself writes about her recent objects of ceramic art: "My objects are each built up and hand-formed to their individual shape. The surface is smoothed only partially. This free development of the ceramic form can be seen in the sometimes dissolving rims and in the often thin-walled shells of the objects. The forms are inspired by an architectural aesthetic, hinting at vertical axes, playing with orthogonal or other geometric structures, but deconstructing, tilting and intertwining them. Thus a positive disquiet can be experienced.The entire surface of the ceramic objects is worked out in multiple layering by paintbrush, sgraffito or other pictorial techniques. Aim is to reach the impression of »three-dimensional paintings«"

The following pictures show this formative development of the ceramic sculptural objects by <mask>gartner: starting from experimenting with circular or cylindrical forms (figure 1), she developed more complicated objects, using thin-walled wavelike shapes with experimental glazes (figure 2), or more solid houselike structures with straight angles (figures 3, 4). Now her objects are a free combination of various geometric shapes and conceptional graphics (figure 5)

Awards, grants, invitations (a selection)
 1986 Upper Austrian Grant for artistic talent ("Talentförderungsprämie")
 1991 Austrian State Prize for Design ("österr. Staatspreis für gestaltendes Handwerk")
 1993 Nagrada (award) "Slavonski Brod" (= Medal "New Positions"), 4. Svetski Triennale Male Keramike, Zagreb/ Croatia. 1993, 1998 International Ceramic Symposia, Panevėžys/ LIT (invited artist)
 1994 3rd »Tradition and Possibilities« Symposium: Blue Porcelain Painting Dubí/ Chechia (invited artist),
 1998 Celadon Porcelain Festival & Symposium, Gangjin/ KOR (group invitation). 1998 Salzburg Award for Ceramic Art ("Salzburger Keramikpreis").1998, 2000 Biennial "Form & Glaze", Frankfurt am Main (Germany) (invited artist by jury decision)
 2002, 2003: Fire Magic II, III Symposia, International Ceramics Studio (ICS), Kecskemét (Hungary) (co-director). 2020: GRACIS 2020. Zagreb, Zelina award: silver medal. Personal exhibitions (a selection)
 1982 Ceramics, Gallery "Kunsthof Weihergut", Salzburg/ A
 1984 Ceramics and Porcellain, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Lienz/ A
 1990 <mask>garter/ Lilo Schrammel: Ceramics, Gallery (of the artist's association) MAERZ, Linz/ A
 1992 <mask> – Ceramics, Gallery in the Museum "Schloss Bruck", Lienz/ A
 1992 <mask>ner: Ceramics, Gallery L in the "Heine-Haus", Hamburg/ BRD
 1993 Vases and Colours, Gallery Felice Figl, Linz/ A
 1996 Landscapes - Pale Clay, Gallery "Ceramic Arts", Vienna/ A
 1996 Works in Clay, Gallery in the "Looshaus", Vienna/ A
 2000 <mask>umgartner: New Ceramics, Gallery "b15", Munich/ BRD
 2000 Ceramic Objects and Sculptures, Kammerhof Gallery, Gmunden/ A
 2001 <mask>ner: Ceramics, Gallery "Unart", Villach/ A
 2001 Ceramics: Series "Kasbah", "Twists", "Orcas", Gallery "Tiroler Kunstpavillon", Innsbruck/ Aonline via the database "basis Vienna" accessed February 28, 2016. 2010 A Plentiful Portion – Ceramic Objects, Gallery "Kulturkeller Schloss Dobersberg/ A"
 2015 - 2017 Maria Baumgartner: open gallery exhibition program, Gallery Maria Baumgartner, Puchenau near Linz/ A (organized by "Die Kunstsammlung OÖ./ Upper Austrian Arts Foundation"). 2020 Art cycling in Millstatt, special exhibition Maria Baumgartner in the Millstatt abbey (cloister). Group exhibitions (a selection)
 1981 Austrian Ceramics 1900 - 1980, City Museum "Nordico" Linz, and Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna.1984 12 Ceramic Artists from Austria, Gallery Ludwig, Hannover/ BRD. 1986 European Contemporary Ceramics, Ceramics museum "Keramion", Frechen near Cologne. 1986 Contemporary Ceramics in Austria, Art Collection of the Veste Coburg/ BRD (and other places). 1989 L’Europe des Ceramistes. Actualité de la Céramique Européenne, Abbey of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre/ FRA (and other places). 1991 Ceramics as Passion: the Collection of Prof. Cornelius Ouwehand, Musée Bellerive, Zurich/ CH. 1992 Le Bol aux quatre coins de la terre, Gallery Leonelli, Lausanne/ CH.1992 ALKER (Antiratna likovna keramička radionica) za Dubrovnik i Vukovar, Gradski Muzej Karlovac/ CRO;
 1993 4th World Triennial Exhibition of Small Ceramics, Meštrović Pavilion, Zagreb/ CRO. 1994 The 2nd Cairo International Biennale for Ceramics, Zamalek Art Gallery, Cairo/ EGY. 1996 Ceramics from the 20th Century. Collection Ingrid and Rudolf Welle, City Gallery, Paderborn/ BRD. 1996 Movement - European Contemporary Ceramics '96, Ceramics museum "Keramion", Frechen near Cologne. 1998 International Contemporary Ceramics from the Igal and Diane Silber Collection, Laguna Art Museum, Laguna Beach/ Cal. 2000 The World of Pots.Contemporary Ceramics. Collection Rudolf Strasser, Museum in the "Kreuzgang", Landshut/ BRD (and other places). 2000, 2001 SOFA Art Fair, New York/ NY & Chicago/ Ill.Also online accessed March 1, 2016. 2001 Salon international de céramique de collection et des arts du feu, Hôtel du Rond-point, Paris/ FRA. 2005 In time. In space. In fire, Museion No.1, International Ceramics Studio, Budapest/ HUN. 2007 Modern Ceramics from Central Europe – A Focus on Hungary, the Czech Republic and Greater Central Europe, Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Gifu/ JAP. 2012 1000 Gramm/ 1000 grams, Gallery of Applied Arts, Munic/ BRD. 2014 Ceramics from the 20th Century. Objects from the Donation Welle, Museum of Applied Arts, Gera/ BRD. 2016 Heritage and Diversity. East and West Invitational Ceramic Exhibition, Hanyang University Museum, Seoul/ KOR.2016 Latvia International Ceramics Biennale - Martinsons Award Exhibition, Mark Rothko Art Centre, Daugavpils/ LAT. 2017 Ceramics out of Passion: Kurt Ohnsorg, Günther Praschak, <mask> and others, Lower Austrian Centre of Modern Arts, Sankt Pölten/ AUT. 2018, 2020 Art cycling in Millstatt, Millstatt/ AUT
 2019-2020 Paroda Keramiada. Trys Panevėžio tarptautinio keramikos simpoziumo dešimtmečiai/ Three Decades of Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium, Panevėžio miesto dailės galerija/ Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery, Panevėžys/ LIT
 2020 G.R.A.C.I.S. 2020 (Ceramics from Germany, Romania, Austria, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia), Zvonimir Gallery, Zagreb. 2020 MIKS 20. Međunarodna izložba keramike i stakla - International exhibition of ceramics and glass, Zagreb, Ambienta fair, Zagreb Fair Grounds.2021 Ceramic Diversity, Salzburg, Berchtoldvilla. 2021-2022 ANALOG - Austrian and International Ceramics from the 1980s, Schrems, Austria, Art museum Waldviertel. 2022 INDIA FEST 22 - Povodom 73. proslave Dana Republike Indije/ Exhibition on the occasion of the 73rd celebration of the foundation Day of the Republic of India, virtual/ online exhibition with 47 ceramic artists from Austria, Canada, Croatia, Estonia, India, Italy, Romania, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey, Uruguay and USA, organized by: LADICA Likovni art dizajn centar/ LADICA Fine arts and design center, Zagreb

 Publications (a selection)
 Die Österreich-Seite: »Man muss in die Werkstatt gehen«. Über Franz Josef Altenburg (The Austria page: on Franz Josef Altenburg). In: Neue Keramik. vol 3 (1989), no. 5, pp.583–584. Das Europa der Keramiker. Zu einer internationalen Großausstellung der Linzer Kunsthochschule (Ceramists' Europe: On an international exhibition at the Arts University Linz). In: linz aktiv no. 114 (1990), pp. 75–77. Keramikerinnen in Salzburg (Female Ceramists in Salzburg).In: Wally, Barbara (ed. ): Künstlerinnen in Salzburg (Female Artists in Salzburg). ed. Museum Carolino Augusteum, Salzburg 1991, , pp. 83–98. Ceramics in Austria - Survival in the Invisible. In: European Ceramic from 13 counties: exhibition catalogue, Kunsthalle Dominikanerkirche Osnabrück.ed Rasch, Bramsche (Germany) 1998, , pp. 120–123. Neues Feuer. Ein Ausstellungsprojekt der Keramik an der University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz 1999/2000 (New Fire. An exhibition project). ed. University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz, Linz 1999, .Indoor – Outdoor. Keramik im Garten. Ein Projekt der Kunstuniversität Linz und der Westungarischen Universität Sopron (Indoor – Outdoor. Ceramics in the garden. A project of the Arts University Linz and the Hungarian University Sopron). ed. University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz, Linz 2003
 Selber Linzer.Eine Ausstellung der Kunstuniversität Linz - Studienrichtung Keramik ("Linzer Oneself": An Exhibition by the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz  - Institute of Ceramics). ed. Dt. Porzellanmuseum, Selb (Germany) 2006, . Kopieren und Einfügen. Eine Ausstellung der Kunstuniversität Linz im Rahmen der OÖ. Landesausstellung 2008 (Copy and Paste.An exhibition of the Arts University Linz within the Upper Austrian Regional Exhibition 2008). ed. University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz, Linz 2008, . References

 External links

 Entry <mask>umgartner in the Austrian artist data base of the "Tiroler Künstlerschaft"
 Entry <mask>gartner in the international arts data base "artfacts.net"
 Bowl 1981 on the website of "basis Vienna" from the personal exhibition 1982 in Zell am See/AUT;
 Bowl 1983 from the collection of the Academy of Arts (Hochschule der Künste), Zurich/ CH;
 Bowl 1986 from the collection of the "Veste Coburg", Germany (temporarily not reachable);
 Rain Vase 1991 from the collection of the Austrian Federal Government in Vienna;
 Shell 1991 on the website of the Austrian National Library from the solo exhibition in Lienz/AUT
 Patches 1998 from the collection of the "Panevezys Civic Art Gallery" (Lithuania);
 Composition 2017  from the "Ceramics out of Passion" exhibition 2017 in St. Pölten/AUT;
 Kasbah 2001 in the collection of Sèvres – Cité de la céramique''/ FRA;
 Bend no. 1 2003 from the "Art cycling in Millstatt" exhibition 2018;
 Complete Worklist 2018 as exhibited at the "Art cycling in Millstatt" exhibition 2018;
 Orcas 2001 on the website of "basis Vienna" (from the solo-exhibition in Innsbruck/AUT 2001;
 Kasbah 2002 from the "All Ceramics" exhibition 2003-2004 by the "Lower Austria Art Association (NÖ-Art)";

1952 births
Living people
20th-century Austrian women artists
21st-century Austrian women artists
Austrian potters
University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz faculty
Women potters
Austrian women ceramists

masks:
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Bagartner
Maria Baum
Maria Baum
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Baumgart
Maria Ba
Maria Baumgart
Maria Baumner
Maria Ba
Maria Baum


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
General <mask>  (27 July 1926 – 10 August 1986) was a General Officer in the Indian Army. He served as the 13th Chief of the Army Staff from 1983 to 1986. Following his retirement, he was assassinated by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha, Sikh militants of the Khalistan Commando Force in August 1986. This was done in vengeance of Operation Blue Star. General <mask> commanded this operation. Family and early life
<mask> was born in Bombay on 27 July 1926 to a Marathi Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) family, the son of Shridhar <mask>IE, a barrister and sometime district collector of Surat, and his wife Indira. After his early education at Pune, <mask> studied at Elphinstone High School in Bombay before joining Elphinstone College and later the M. I.B. College at Surat, presumably transferring due to his father's posting there as district collector. At Elphinstone College, Vaidya joined the 1st Bombay Battalion of the University Training Corps (UTC) and was awarded Best Cadet in 1942 before transferring to the MIB College, where he also joined its UTC and attained the rank of Company Quarter-Master Havildar (CQMH). On 30 March 1944, he joined the Officers' Training School at Belgaum as a cadet. He was selected for the Armoured Corps and underwent further training at Ahmednagar, receiving an emergency commission in the Royal Deccan Horse (later the 9th Deccan Horse) of the British Indian Army on 20 January 1945. Vaidya fought in the Burma Campaign with the 14th Army during the final months of the Second World War, including at the battles of Meiktila and Rangoon. His wife's name was Bhanu and they had three daughters.Military career

Early army career
<mask> received an emergency commission in the Indian Armoured Corps on 20 October 1945, with the service number IEC-11597, and received a regular army commission as a lieutenant on 7 May 1947 (seniority from 20 April 1947), a few months before India's independence. Post-Independence
In September 1948, <mask> was involved in Operation Polo as a member of the ad hoc armoured force organised from the Armoured Corps Centre and School. The force captured the Daulatabad Fort, the Ellora Caves area and Parbhani. In 1958, he was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, having secured a competitive vacancy. He was subsequently appointed brigade major of the 70 Infantry Brigade. He served in this appointment in Ladakh during the Sino-Indian War in 1962. 1965 Indo-Pak war
<mask> was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 10 June 1965, shortly before war broke out between India and Pakistan that year.He was in command of the Deccan Horse. During the time, he was instrumental in saving the Command Trucks and fleeing Divisional Headquarters through his tanks through an encirclement by Pakistan Army's 6th Armoured Division at the Battle of Chawinda which resulted in destruction of Pakistan's 1st Armoured Division and heavy loss of Pakistani lives. 70 tanks were destroyed of which 38 tanks were decimated by the Deccan Horse. The regiment won 22 gallantry awards and <mask> as the Commandant was awarded India's second highest military decoration, the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC). He was awarded the MVC in an investiture ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhavan by the President of India Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan on 21 April 1966. Maha Vir Chakra Citation
The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:

Between the wars
On 21 July 1969, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and appointed Commander of 167 Mountain Brigade. Under him, the brigade conducted operations against the Naga hostiles who were backed by China.Along with the leader, Mowu Angami, most of the hostiles were captured with their weapons and equipment. <mask> was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 1970. On 2 November 1970, he was appointed Commandant of the Armoured Corps Centre and School at Ahmednagar. 1971 Indo-Pak war
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, <mask> was in command of an armored brigade in the Zafarwal sector on the western front. In the Battle of Chakra and Dahira, the hostile terrain was combined with minefields. He crossed through the minefield and moved forward. Thus the entire squadron was able to push through the lane and quickly deploy itself to meet the Pakistan Army's counter-attacks.During the Battle of Basantar (known as Battle of Barapind in Pakistan) in the same conflict, he displayed skill and leadership in getting his tanks through deep minefields. For this he was awarded a second Maha Vir Chakra (known as the Bar to MVC). Bar to Maha Vir Chakra Citation
The citation for the bar to the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:

Post-war career
On 4 January 1973, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of major-general and appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) the elite 1st Armoured Division. He was confirmed in the substantive rank of major-general on 1 April 1974. He subsequently moved to Army Headquarters as Director Military Operations (DMO). After a stint as DMO, he took over as the Master General of Ordnance at Army HQ. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant-general on 25 January 1980, with seniority from 16 August 1978.On 1 July 1980, he was appointed GOC IV Corps. He was also elected as Honorary ADC to the President of India. After a short tenure, he was promoted Army Commander and appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command on 3 May 1981. Chief of Army Staff
On 31 July 1983, <mask> became the 13th Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, taking over from General K.V. Krishna Rao. The appointment was subject to controversy as the senior-most general, Lt Gen S K Sinha was super-ceded. Sinha was the Vice Chief of the Army Staff and was being groomed to take over as the next Chief.With the appointment of <mask> as the 13th COAS, Sinha resigned in protest. Operation Blue Star

In 1984, <mask> designed and supervised Operation Blue Star - a military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, against militants commanded by Shabeg Singh, a former Officer of the Indian Army, under Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Chief of Damdami Taksal, in June 1984 at the Harmandir Sahib complex. Bhindranwale was killed and all militants were cleared out of the temple complex. He retired on 31 January 1986, one of India's most decorated officers. He had completed over 40 years of service. Assassination
As the principal organiser of Operation Blue Star, <mask> was well aware of being a high-profile target for assassins, but never regretted his role, stating in a 1985 interview: "I do not see any difference in taking up arms against a foreign enemy or an enemy from within...one who takes up arms against his own brother-citizens, against his own Constitution and legally-constituted government is enemy enough, deserving the most ruthless punishment." Despite numerous death threats being sent to his offices in the months before his retirement, he remained equally calm about the very real danger to his life: "After seeing two wars I can't run away from danger.If a bullet is destined to get me, it will come with my name written on it." Following <mask>'s retirement, he took up residence in Pune, India, where he built a three-bedroom bungalow for his retirement. Just six months later, on 10 August 1986, he was shot to death in his white Maruti 800, bearing Registration No. DIB 1437, while driving home from the market on Rajendrasinhji Marg, at around 11:45 a.m. According to police, four reportedly clean-shaven men pulled up alongside the car on motorcycles, with the lead assassin firing three shots into <mask> through the driver's-side window; the first two bullets penetrated his brain and killed him instantly. His car steered towards a cyclist named Digamber Gaikwad, and the cycle was crushed, though the cyclist escaped unharmed, the general's car stopping in front of a compound wall. A third bullet struck <mask> in the shoulder, with another striking his wife Bhanumati in the neck.His bodyguard, who was also in the car, was wounded by four bullets in his back and thighs. The bleeding general was carried to the Command Hospital in a passing green matador van, and was declared brought dead. The witnesses who deposed in court said that the assailants were clean shaven, but later in turban and beard in court. According to Indian intelligence sources, <mask> had been the number four assassination target on lists of Punjabi insurgents and he was one of several people killed in retaliation for Operation Blue Star. <mask> was cremated in Pune with full military honours; in attendance were his wife, daughters Neeta Kochar, Parijat Belliappa and Tarini <mask>, Union ministers V.P. Singh, V.N. Gadgil and <mask> Singh, the three service chiefs, Governor of Maharashtra Shankar Dayal Sharma and Chief Minister of Maharashtra S.B.Chavan, along with over 50,000 other mourners. Following the assassination, the Khalistan Commando Force issued a statement declaring that <mask> had been killed in retaliation for the Golden Temple operation. The assassination shocked India, and security measures for senior military commanders, particularly for those who had taken part in Blue Star, were immediately stepped up. Local anti-Sikh rioting broke out in Pune and Mumbai after <mask>'s assassination; a number of people were stabbed and several Sikh-owned businesses were attacked. In 1989, Khalistani militant Sukhdev Singh Sukha and Khalistani militant Harjinder Singh Jinda were sentenced to death for the killing. Despite admitting to the killing, they pleaded not-guilty, justifying their actions by stating that <mask> was "guilty of a serious crime, the punishment for which could only be death". The two were executed on 9 October 1992.Honours and awards

Dates of rank

Notes

References

1926 births
1986 deaths
Murder in 1986
Military personnel from Maharashtra
Chiefs of Army Staff (India)
Indian generals
Victims of the insurgency in Punjab
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in civil service
Recipients of the Maha Vir Chakra
Marathi people
Assassinated Indian people
Assassinated military personnel
People murdered in Maharashtra
Deaths by firearm in India
Victims of Sikh terrorism
People from Alibag
British Indian Army officers
Indian military personnel of World War II

masks:
Arunkumar Shridhar Vaidya
Arun Vaidya
Vaidya
Balkrishna Vaidya C
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya
Arun
Vaidya
Vaidya
Vaidya


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
<mask> (born 21 April 1959 in Paris) is a French philosopher, musicologist, and a specialist of Jewish philosophy. Biography
A pianist by training and former graduate of the Conservatoire de Paris, <mask> followed a double course in philosophy and musicology at the Université Paris Sorbonne-Paris IV and the Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She entered Radio France in 1982 (France Musique and France Culture) where she worked as a radio producer until 2005. <mask> defended a thesis (1992) and an authorization to conduct research in philosophy (1994) at the Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She was called upon to the IRCAM directed by Pierre Boulez and appointed editor in chief of the magazine Inharmoniques then Cahiers de l'IRCAM between 1989 and 1993. She was a resident at the Villa Medicis in Rome in 1992 and returned to the CNRS in 1993 at the "Laboratoire des Arts du spectacle" then the "Laboratoire d'esthétique" of the Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne where she taught as associate professor and remained there until 1998. She was program director at the Collège international de philosophie between 1996 and 2002.Named professor of music aesthetics and philosophy of music at the Paris Sorbonne-Paris University in 1998, <mask>-Levinas founded in 1998 the "Centre d'esthétique, musique et philosophie contemporaine". In 2008, she founded and directed the "Collège des études juives et de philosophie contemporaine" which she renamed Centre Emmanuel Levinas (EA 3552) in 2012. She has been a research associate at the Husserl Archives of Paris at the École Normale Supérieure of  (ENS-CNRS) since 2008 where she works more specifically on the work of Emmanuel Levinas and on his influence in international research. It is within the framework of the "Collège des études juives et de philosophie contemporaine" that she took the initiative in December 2016, in collaboration with Perrine Simon-Nahum, to ensure the revival of the "Colloque des Intellectuels juifs de langue française" (NCIJLF). Alongside her research in aesthetics and philosophy of music, in contemporary philosophy and post-phenomenology in France, <mask>-Levinas deploys a work in Jewish philosophy, around the Judeo-German moment (H. Cohen, F. Rosenzweig, G. Scholem, L. Strauss ... ) and the Frankfurt School (Adorno, Benjamin, Bloch ... ), as well as around the revival of biblical and Talmudic studies in Europe from a philosophical point of view. Since 2007 she has been editorial advisor by the Éditions Hermann and director of the philosophy series Le Bel Aujourd'hui which she founded the same year. In 2010, she created by Éditions Hermann a series intended to host collective works: the Rue de la Sorbonne series and, in 2011, a series devoted to Jewish thought and studies, "Panim el Panim".She is the president of Les Cahiers Maurice Blanchot, which she co-founded with Monique Antelme and Mike Holland in 2010. <mask>-Levinas is married to composer and pianist Michaël Levinas. Main publications

Philosophy, music
 La voix au-delà du chant, une fenêtre aux ombres, édition augmentée, Paris, Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, 2006 (1st edition Michel de Maule, 1987)
 Le présent de l’opéra au XXe : chemins vers les nouvelles utopies, Paris, Kimé, 2001 (1st edition Art éd., 1994)
 Passage d’un seuil : thème et variations sur l’œuvre de Jean-Marc Bustamante, Éditions Musée de Eindhoven, 1994. Des notations musicales : frontières et singularités, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1996. La création après la musique contemporaine, L'Harmattan 1998. Causeries sur la musique, L'Harmattan, 1998. Le Style et l’Idée d’Arnold Schoenberg, new edition established and prefaced by <mask>-Levinas, first French edition, 1977, Paris, Buchet/Chastel; last édition, Paris, Buchet/Chastel, 2002, preceded by a study Prolégomènes au style et à l’idée musicale.Emmanuel Levinas : pour une philosophie de l’hétéronomie (dir. ), Paris, Bayard, 2006
 Levinas et les théologies (codir. Shmuel Trigano), Paris, In Press, 2007
 Les territoires de la pensée (codir. Bruno Clément), Paris, PUF, 2007
 Temps historique, temps messianique, revue Lignes, October 2008. L’impatience des langues, cowritten with Gérard Bensussan, Éditions Hermann, 2010. Emmanuel Levinas et le souci de l'art (dir. ), Manucius, Paris, 2010.Le siècle de Schoenberg (dir. ), Hermann, 2010. Lire Totalité et Infini, Études et interprétations, Hermann, 2011. Europe, issue on Emmanuel Levinas, Paris, 2011. Levinas / Derrida : lire ensemble, coedited with Marc Crépon, Hermann, 2015. Figures du dehors, autour de Jean-Luc Nancy, (codir. Gisèle Berkman), ed.Cécile Defaut,
 L'énigme de l'humain, Politique et meta-politique chez Emmanuel Levinas (interviews with Miguel Abensour), Hermann, 2012. Europe, issue on Walter Benjamin, Paris, 2013. L'Opéra et son double, Paris, Vrin, 2013. La philosophie de Schelling. Le temps du système, le système des temps (dir. Revue Germanique Internationale), Paris, Éd. du CNRS, 2013.Vers une analytique de l'esprit chez Emmanuel Levinas, followed by Emmanuel Levinas's text, La compréhension de la spiritualité dans les cultures française et allemande, Paris, Payot/Rivage, 2014.
 , précédé du texte d'Emmanuel Levinas, Paul Celan, dall'essere all' altro (French version, Paul Celan, de l'être à l'autre, Fata Morgana, 2002), translated into Italian by Giuseppe Pintus, Rome, Schibboleth, 2014. Partilha da literatura (Partage de la littérature), translated into Portuguese by Fabricia Walace Rodrigues, Gabriela Lafetá Borges, Juliana Cecci Silva, Lucas Sales Lyra, Luísa Freitas, Nivalda Assunção de Araújo et Piero Eyben, edited by Piero Eyben and Alberto Pucheu, Brasilia, Horizonte, 2014. Appels by Jacques Derrida, preceded by a text by Jacques Derrida, "Justices" (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Ginette Michaud), Paris, Hermann, 2014. Levinas-Derrida. Lire ensemble (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Marc Crépon), Paris, Hermann, 2014.Inventions à deux voix. Interviews with Jean-Luc Nancy, Paris, Le Felin, 2015. Relire Totalité et Infini d'Emmanuel Levinas, (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Alexander Schnell), Paris, Vrin, 2015, series "Problèmes et Controverses". Mystique et philosophie dans les trois monothéismes (ed. <mask>-Levinas, Géraldine Roux and Meryem Sebti), Paris, Hermann, 2015. Une percée de l'humain, followed by a text by Emmanuel Levinas, Être juif, and an unpublished letter to Maurice Blanchot, Paris, Payot/Rivages poche, 2015.Le devenir-juif du poème. Double envoi : Celan et Derrida, Montréal, Presses Universitaires de Montréal, 2015. Revue Europe, issue on Paul Celan (ed. <mask>-Levinas), Paris, 2016. L'antijudaïsme à l'épreuve de la philosophie et de la théologie (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Antoine Guggenheim), series "Le genre humain", Paris, Éditions du Seuil, 2016. Leo Strauss, judaïsme et philosophie (ed.<mask>-Levinas, Marc de Launay and Gérald Sfez), Paris, ed. Beauchesne, 2016. Relire Autrement qu'être ou au-delà de l'essence by Emmanuel Levinas (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Alexander Schnell), Paris, Librairie Vrin, 2016. La Phénoménologie de l'Esprit de Hegel aujourd'hui (ed. ), Revue Germanique Internationale, Paris, ed. CNRS, 2016.Perspectives néokantiennes (ed. <mask>-Levinas, Juan Manuel Garrido and Marc de Launay), Paris, ed. Hermann, 2017. Poetry and literary prose
 2004: Un bruit dans le bruit, Paris, Mercure de France
 2004; Le soleil est grammatical, Mercure de France
 2004: La tristesse du Roi, Mercure de France
 2010: Le pain des épices, cowritten with Ginette Michaud, Montréal
 2012: Qui est comme Dieu, Paris, Belin, 2012 (poems). References

External links
 <mask>-Levinas - Partir du Dasein ou du Juif on YouTube
 <mask>-Levinas on France Culture
 <mask>-Levinas on Babelio
 <mask>-Levinas on Printemps des poètes

20th-century French musicologists
21st-century French musicologists
Women musicologists
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Jewish philosophers
20th-century French Jews
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
1959 births
Writers from Paris
Living people

masks:
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
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Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen


title: Renée Gill Pratt

texts:
<mask> (born 1954) is an American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. She was also Director of the Center for Student Retention and Success in Southern University at New Orleans. On July 25, 2011, she was found guilty of racketeering. For this crime, she served a 4-year sentence. Political career
A Democrat, <mask> began her tenure in the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 91 in 1991, when she was elected to succeed Diana Bajoie, who was the victor in a special election for the District 5 seat in the Louisiana State Senate. <mask> served in the House until 2002, when she was succeeded by Rosalind Peychaud. <mask> served on the New Orleans city council for District B from 2002 to 2006.District B includes the Central Business District, the Garden District, Central City, the Irish Channel, the Lower Garden District and the Touro neighborhood. District 91 covers the precincts located on the southwest side of District B, roughly corresponding to the Irish Channel and the Touro neighborhood. <mask> lost her bid for re-election in 2006, against Stacy Head, another Democrat and a New Orleans attorney. Controversies
In May 2009 <mask>—along with Mose Jefferson, Betty Jefferson, and Angela Coleman (Betty Jefferson's daughter)—was indicted on federal racketeering charges. Mose Jefferson was also facing a separate trial for bribing Orleans Parish School Board president Ellenese Brooks-Simms. The racketeering indictment contained a relationship to the bribery case in that part of the alleged racketeering involved <mask>'s supposed obtaining of $300,000 for a couple of private schools so that they could buy the software which Mose Jefferson, with Ellenese Brooks-Simms' help, also sold to the public schools; according to the indictment, Mose Jefferson's commission on the sales to the private schools was $30,000, of which <mask> pocketed $3500. Within a week of the indictment of <mask>, John Pope reported in the Times-Picayune that <mask> was being appointed to a SUNO position which carries no additional pay.In the same article Pope described Mose Jefferson as "<mask>'s longtime companion"—a situation noted as being "as close as it gets" by columnist Stephanie Grace. <mask>'s appointment to SUNO's Executive Cabinet was immediately criticized by, among others, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal. Amid astonishment over the appropriateness and timing of the appointment—in that all Louisiana public universities were facing steep budget cuts and suggestions were circulating that SUNO should be merged with the neighboring University of New Orleans—<mask>, with the urging of SUNO chancellor Victor Ukpolo, went on a leave of absence without pay. <mask> had not been seen in public since 22 May 2009 when on June 5 she—along with Mose Jefferson, Betty Jefferson, and Angela Coleman—pleaded "not guilty" before U.S. magistrate Joseph Wilkinson Jr. at the Hale Boggs Federal Building in New Orleans. <mask>'s lawyer was Michael Fawer, who also represents Mose Jefferson in a separate bribery case. At a hearing before U. S. District Judge Ivan L. R. Lemelle on 17 June 2009, lawyers for Betty Jefferson and Angela Coleman requested a delay from the 3 August 2009 start date for the racketeering trial; at the same hearing, however, lawyers for <mask> and Mose Jefferson requested that the racketeering trial begin as scheduled on August 3. On 28 July 2009, Lemelle delayed the start of the racketeering trial to 25 January 2010.On August 4, Fawer unsuccessfully sought (denied by U.S. District Judge Mary Ann Vial Lemmon) to delay Mose Jefferson's bribery trial until after the racketeering trial, because, as summarized by Michael Kunzelman of the Times-Picayune:
<mask> . . . isn't available to testify during the bribery case this month because she is awaiting her own trial next year in a [the] separate but related racketeering conspiracy case. On 21 August 2009 Mose Jefferson was convicted on four felony counts in his bribery trial. On February 24, 2011 one juror's siding with <mask> resulted in a mistrial. The Times-Picayune editorialized over the hung jury, citing what the newspaper called "the criminal enterprise run by some members of the Jefferson family." But, during the retrial, on July 2011, she was found guilty. On September 2, 2014, more than three years after her conviction, <mask> reported to a minimum-security federal prison camp in Florida to begin serving a four-year sentence.Education
A lifelong resident of District B, <mask> attended Holy Ghost Elementary School, Xavier University Preparatory School, Dillard University, and the University of New Orleans.

masks:
Renée Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
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Gill Pratt
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