title: Nicholas Hartwig

texts:
Baron <mask>ich <mask> (Russian: Николай Генрихович Гартвиг) (December 16, 1857 – July 10, 1914) was an Imperial Russian diplomat who served as ambassador to Persia (1906–1908) and Serbia (1909–1914). An ardent Pan-Slavist, he was said to be "more Serbian than the Serbs" and in the period prior to World War I was thought by many to practically control the foreign policy of the Serbian government. He encouraged Serbia to stand up to Austria-Hungary and may therefore be seen as one of the causes of the war. Early life and career

<mask> was born into a noble family of ethnic German descent in Gori, Georgia, noted also for being the birthplace of Joseph Stalin. He attended the Saint Petersburg Imperial University where his intelligence and ambition brought him to the notice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and he began his diplomatic career in 1875, when he was attached to the Asiatic Department. <mask> also wrote for the highly nationalist and slavophile Novoye Vremya during this time period. His articles criticized the then-direction of Russia's foreign policy, and particularly in regard to the Near East, which <mask> thought was too soft.His views earned him the admiration of the Russian general staff, which thought similarly, and also won him high-placed friends at the court of Alexander II, which were to prove influential later in his career. Importance in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

When Count Lamsdorff succeeded Mikhail Muraviev as Foreign Minister in June 1900, he promoted <mask> to the position of Director of the Asiatic Department. <mask> had previously served as the Vice-Director of the Asiatic Department and had established a close friendship with Lamsdorff. He was viewed by many as the Count's protege, and when Lamsdorff left the ministry in 1906, <mask> was one of several candidates thought to have a good chance to succeed him. However, he lost the post to Alexander Izvolski, a hated rival. Exile in Tehran

Following his defeat by Izvolski, <mask> then attempted to gain an influential embassy instead, preferably in Constantinople. Izvolski did not want <mask> in any position of importance however, and instead assigned him to be Russia's ambassador to Persia.<mask> never forgave Izvolski for this slight, and viewed his appointment to Tehran as a diplomatic exile. <mask> responded by sabotaging the promising negotiations then going on between Great Britain and Russia with regards to Persia. He was also instrumental in suppressing an attempted revolution to overthrow Mohammad Ali Shah, ordering the Russian-officered Cossack Brigade to surround the British legation and prevent anyone from gaining sanctuary there. Many observers felt that <mask> had overstepped his bounds, but his powerful friends enabled <mask> to essentially pursue his own policy. He was not on speaking terms with the British ambassador, especially after the counterrevolution in Persia succeeded. <mask> was recalled in 1908, coinciding with the recall of the British ambassador; both countries wished to renew their discussions over the partition of Persia and their respective ministers were perceived as a liability. Ambassador to Serbia

In 1909 Izvolski was forced to resign following the humiliation of Russia after Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina.Izvolski had engaged in private discussions prior to the annexation with Count Aehrenthal, the Austrian foreign minister, and was therefore implicated. It was thought that Izvolski's nebulous promises of Russian support gave Austria the courage to proceed with the annexation. Izvolski therefore served as a perfect scapegoat for the failure of Russian diplomacy, and he was forcibly ousted. The court of <mask> pressed for a more pro-Slavic foreign policy. <mask> was once again considered for the post of foreign minister, but was thwarted by the intervention of Pyotr Stolypin, the chairman of the Tsar's council of ministers. Stolypin wanted someone more controllable than the ambitious <mask>, and it therefore represented a great success for him to have his son-in-law Sergei Sazonov appointed to the post. Reflecting the more militant pro-Serbian element at court, <mask> was assigned to the vacant Russian ministry in Belgrade.He quickly followed the same pattern as he had in Persia, pursuing a course at many times independent of the direction of Sazonov. <mask> felt that in addition to representing 'official' Russia, he also represented 'unofficial' Russia—the Pan-Slavists and more militantly pro-Serbian court party. The result of this was that he often gave the Serbian government the impression that they would get more support from Russia than the official line dictated. Unless given direct instructions by Sazonov to the contrary, <mask> would frequently embellish or exaggerate the extent of Russian sympathy for Serbia in his communications to the Serbian government. <mask> was also on excellent terms with the prime minister of Serbia, Nikola Pašić. <mask> was a key figure in the formation of the system of alliances formed in 1912 between Serbia and Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro (the Balkan League). He was a violent opponent of Austria and, along with Sazonov, thought of the alliance system as being primarily oriented against Austria.As a Pan-Slavist, however, he was not opposed to territorial gains at the expense of Turkey after the conclusion of the Balkan Wars, and was one of the first to reject the territorial status quo line then pursued both by Sazonov and Count Berchtold, the new Austrian foreign minister. <mask> backed the Serbian government's demands for a revision of the military agreement with Bulgaria, which were to include additional pieces of Macedonian territory. This was to compensate Serbia for the loss of territory, and particularly an outlet on the Aegean Sea, to the newly created state of Albania. <mask> encouraged the resolution of the settlement through a direct meeting of the prime ministers of each of the four Balkan countries (Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Montenegro). Suspicions about Bulgarian territorial aspirations in Macedonia had already driven Greece and Serbia closer together, and Montenegro had followed the Serbian line from the start. <mask> was aware that any conference between the four prime ministers would thus favor the Serbian territorial demands. By advocating this line with Sazonov, who was more ignorant of the complexities of Balkan politics, <mask> appeared to be pressing for peace in the Balkans while in actuality directly contributing to the start of the Second Balkan War and its resultant increases in Serbian territory and prestige.Death

After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, <mask> encouraged a militant Serbian line against Austria. It is unclear what, if any, role <mask> might have played in connection with the Black Hand. While visiting the Baron von Giesl, Austrian minister to Belgrade, <mask> collapsed of a massive heart attack on July 10, 1914. The Serbian press immediately published several inflammatory articles accusing the Austrians of poisoning <mask> while he was a guest at their legation. <mask> was buried in Belgrade at the request of the Serbian government. Many notable Serbian officials, including Pašić, attended his funeral. References

Helmreich, Ernst.The Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars, 1912-1913. London: Oxford University Press, 1938. Janner Jr., William. The Lions of July: Prelude to War, 1914. Novato: Presidio Press, 1996. Kazemzadeh, Firuz. Russia and Britain in Persia, 1864-1914: A Study in Imperialism.New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968. Rossos, Andrew. Russia and the Balkans: Inter-Balkan Rivalries and Russian Foreign Policy, 1908-1914. Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1981. 1857 births
1914 deaths
People from Gori, Georgia
Diplomats of the Russian Empire
Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to Iran
Russian people of World War I
Russian people of German descent
Pan-Slavism

masks:
Nicholas Genrikhov
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Hartwig
Nicholas II
Hartwig
Hartwig
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Hartwig
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Hartwig


title: Marie Deluil-Martiny

type: original

texts:
<mask>-Martiny (28 May 1841 – 27 February 1884),  religious name <mask> of Jesus, was a French nun and the founder of the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus. The order's gardener murdered her in 1884. She has been beatified by Pope John Paul II. in 1989. Life
<mask>-Martiny was born on 28 May 1841 in France as the eldest of five children to Paul Deluil-Martiny; her father served in the legal practice. She had one brother and three sisters, the last of which was Clemence (1849-1859). She was baptized hours after her birth in the names of "<mask>ène".The maternal side had a range of members who were nuns. She was also the great-niece of the Servant of God Madeleine Rémuzat (1696-1730). <mask>s education commenced at the age of eleven of which nuns oversaw. Prior to the reception of her First Communion her parents sent her to a convent in Marseilles to prepare for the sacrament. On one occasion she stopped her recreational activities and took a friend, Angelica, aside and confided her happiness at the imminent reception of the Eucharist and remained absorbed in that thought for several moments. She received her First Communion on 22 December 1853 and later received the sacrament of Confirmation on 29 January 1854 from the Bishop of Marseilles Eugène de Mazenod. At the age of fifteen while still in school she gathered a small group of students and dubbed it the Oblates of Mary.This small group was short lived since the students' superiors discovered it and dissolved it as soon as it was learned it had been established. She made a retreat towards the end of her studies in which it proved decisive for her religious vocation. She began writing in a spiritual journal around this time. Martiny also refused several marriage offers around this time due to realizing her true purpose and her call to follow Jesus Christ. She decided to go and hear Saint <mask> Vianney preach but due to the number of people could not meet him. Yet the two later met when she found him kneeling in the church; the two spoke of her vocation and he encouraged her in this respect. In 1859 she returned and learned that her sister Clemence had died of an illness following the reception of her First Communion.Two sisters and her sole brother died in the time after this which left her alone with her parents. Her two grandmothers followed sometime in the 1860s. On 9 March 1864 she founded the Association of the Guard of Honor of the Sacred Heart, now the Association of the Presence of Christ, which received canonical status on 7 June 1872. She was invited in 1865 to make a spiritual retreat on the occasion of Pope Pius IX celebrating the beatification of Marguerite-<mask>. In December 1866 she heard the Jesuit Jean Calage (1805-1888) preach on the topic of the Sacred Heart and so revealed to him her desire to enter the religious life. She had spent numerous hours discerning this in front of the Tabernacle. She made a solemn vow to remain chaste on 8 December 1867, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception.Father Calage became her spiritual director. On 20 June 1873, in the advice of him she founded the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus in Berchem and in 1875 completed the writing of their constitution according to the charism of Ignatius of Loyola. They received diocesan approval on 2 February 1876 from Cardinal Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps. The first religious, which included Martiny, made their vows on 22 August 1878. She established their first convent on 24 June 1879. In November 1883 <mask> of Jesus hired the poor Louis Chave (b. 1862) as a gardener at the convent to better fortunes.But Chave demonstrated his laziness and his rude and demanding nature. Matters became worse when it was revealed that Chave was an anarchist. On 27 Ash Wednesday in 1884 he waited in ambush as the sisters passed during their recreation. He sprang out as she spoke kind words to him and he grabbed <mask> of Jesus and shot her twice at point-blank range with a revolver; this wounded her in the carotid artery which caused her to collapse and, before she died , murmur: "I forgive him … for the Institute". Her remains were interred with her parents and siblings in Marseille but were later transferred to Berchem in 1899 and then exhumed for canonical inspection (as part of the beatification proceedings) on 4 March 1989 when her remains were found both intact and flexible. Her remains were later moved to Rome on 28 September 2013. As of 2005 there was a total of 50 sisters in six houses in nations such as Austria and Croatia.The order received the papal decree of praise on 25 February 1888 and the full papal approval of Pope Leo XIII on 2 February 1902. Beatification
The beatification process of <mask> of Jesus commenced in an informative process that opened in both Marseilles and in Mechelen-Brussels. Her spiritual journal, amongst other writings, were collected in order for theologians to grant approval to them as being orthodox in nature and not in contradiction with doctrine. An apostolic process spanned from 1922 until 1924 and both processes received validation from the Congregation of Rites on 3 June 1924. The Congregation for the Causes of Saints received the Positio in 1987 and passed it onto consulting theologians for their approval before meeting to discuss the cause themselves. These two groups both met in 1987 and answered in the affirmative. Pope John Paul II declared her to be Venerable on 23 October 1987 after confirming that the late religious had lived a life of heroic virtue.The miracle needed for beatification was investigated where it happened and received C.C.S. validation on 26 February 1988. A medical board assented to the miracle on 9 November 1988 while theologians followed on 7 March 1989 and the C.C.S. had their vote on 6 June 1989. The pope approved it on 7 September 1989 and beatified her on 22 October 1989. References

External links
Hagiography Circle

1841 births
1884 deaths
19th-century venerated Christians
19th-century French people
Assassinated French people
Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
Deaths by firearm in France
Founders of Catholic religious communities
French beatified people
French murder victims
People from Marseille
People murdered in France
Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II

masks:
Marie Deluil
Marie
Marie Deluil
Marie Caroline Philom
Marie
Jean Marie
Marie Alacoque
Marie
Marie
Marie


title: Madge Kennedy

texts:
<mask> (April 19, 1891 – June 9, 1987) was a stage, film and TV actress whose career began as a stage actress in 1912 and flourished in motion pictures during the silent film era. In 1921, journalist Heywood Broun described her as "the best farce actress in New York". Early years

<mask> was born in Chicago. Her father was a judge in a criminal court. After she and her family lived in California, she moved to New York City with her mother to paint. She studied two years at the Art Students League, planning to be an illustrator. Luis Mora saw her art work and recommended that she go to Siasconset (in Nantucket, Massachusetts) for a summer.Career

Theater
The Siasconset colony was evenly divided among actors and artists, and painters often gave theatrical performances. <mask> appeared in a skit written by Kenneth and Roy Webb and impressed professional Harry Woodruff, who commented, "She could act rings around anybody." As a result, she was offered the lead opposite Woodruff in The Genius. Soon she was in Cleveland, Ohio, where Robert McLaughlin gave her work with his stock company. <mask> first appeared on Broadway in Little Miss Brown (1912), a farce in three acts presented at the 48th Street Theater. Critics found <mask>'s performance most pleasing, writing, "<mask>'s youth, good looks, and marked sense of fun helped her to make a decidedly favorable impression last night." That same year she appeared in The Point of View.1914 saw her in the popular Twin Beds, and in 1915 she scored a sensational hit at the Eltinge Theater as Blanny Wheeler opposite John Cumberland in Avery Hopwood's classic farce, Fair and Warmer, which ran 377 performances. Critic Louis Vincent DeFoe wrote, "<mask> <mask> proves anew that consummate art is involved even in farcical acting." In the late Teens she would leave the stage for three years to appear in moving pictures for Samuel Goldwyn (see "Films" below). <mask> returned to the New York stage in November 1920, playing in Cornered, staged at the Astor Theatre. Produced by Henry Savage, the play, taken from the writing of Dodson Mitchell, offered <mask> a dual role. In 1923, she starred opposite W.C. Fields in Poppy, where she enjoyed top billing. In the comedy, Beware of Widows (1925), which was produced at Maxine Elliott Theatre, a reviewer for The New York Times noted, once again, <mask>'s physical beauty as well as her skill as a comedian.Later, she starred in Philip Barry's Paris Bound (1927) and in Noël Coward's Private Lives (1931), having succeeded Gertrude Lawrence. After an absence of 33 years, she returned to Broadway in August 1965, appearing with her good friend Ruth Gordon in Gordon and Kanin's A Very Rich Woman. Films

In 1917, Sam Goldwyn of Goldwyn Pictures signed <mask> to a film contract. She starred in 21 five-reel films, such as Baby Mine (1917), Nearly Married (1917), Our Little Wife (1918), The Service Star (1918) and Dollars and Sense (1920). <mask> told a reporter in 1916, "I have discovered that one of the best ways to act is to make your mind as vacant as possible." In 1918, Our Little Wife premiered with <mask> playing the role of Dodo Warren. The story is about a woman whose marriage is both humorous and sad.The screenplay was adapted from a comedy by Avery Hopwood. A Perfect Lady (1918) was released in December and was taken from a stage play by Channing Pollock and Rennold Wolf. <mask> co-starred with James Montgomery. In 1923, she starred in The Purple Highway. The screenplay is an adaptation of the stage play Dear Me, written by Luther Reed and Hale Hamilton. The 1920s were a productive period for <mask>. Following The Purple Highway, she had prominent roles in Three Miles Out (1924), Scandal Sheet (1925), Bad Company (1925), Lying Wives (1925), Oh, Baby!(1926), and Walls Tell Tales (1928). She was out of motion pictures until she resumed her career in The Marrying Kind (1952) and Main Street to Broadway (1953). In the late 1950s, she combined TV work with roles in movies like  The Rains of Ranchipur (1955), The Catered Affair (1956), Lust for Life (1956), Houseboat (1958), A Nice Little Bank That Should Be Robbed (1958), Plunderers of Painted Flats (1959), and North by Northwest (1959). She has an uncredited part as a secretary in the Marilyn Monroe film Let's Make Love (1960). Her film career endured into the 1970s with roles in They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969), The Baby Maker (1970), The Day of the Locust (1975), and Marathon Man (1976). Radio and television

As a guest on the Red Davis series (1934) over NBC Radio and WJZ (WABC-AM) network, <mask> worked with Burgess Meredith who had the title role.She was written into the full script by the program's creator, Elaine Sterne Carrington. <mask> was prolific in terms of her television appearances beginning with an episode of the Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (1954). Her additional performances in television series are Studio 57 (1954), General Electric Theater (1954), Science Fiction Theater (1955), The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp (1960), The Best of the Post (1961), Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1956–1961), The Alfred Hitchcock Hour (1962), The Twilight Zone (1963), and CBS Playhouse (1967). She also had a semi-recurring role as Theodore Cleaver's Aunt Martha on the hit family sitcom Leave it to Beaver (1957–63). She played June Cleaver's aunt and the Beaver's great-aunt. Ms. <mask> also appeared as Mimi (the wife of Albert, Felix's grandfather played by Tony Randall) in The Odd Couple (1972). Producing
<mask> and her husband, Harold Bolster (who had been an executive with Goldwyn), formed Kenma Corporation, a film production company.Kenma made The Purple Highway (1923) and Three Miles Out (1924), both of which starred <mask> but had little success. Personal life and death

<mask>'s contract with Goldwyn ended in 1921. She decided to return to the stage so that she could be close to her husband, broker Harold Bolster, in New York. Bolster died on August 3, 1927 from an illness he contracted months before during a business trip to South America. He was a member of the New York banking firm of Bennett, Bolster & Coghill. Bolster was 38 and a veteran of World War I. <mask> inherited more than $500,000 when he died. She wed William B. Hanley Jr., in Kingman, Arizona, on August 13, 1934.Hanley was an actor and radio personality. The couple resided in Los Angeles, California. <mask> retired temporarily after her marriage before returning to work in entertainment. The couple would remain married until Hanley's death in 1959. She enjoyed outdoor activities such as playing golf, horseback riding and driving cars. She owned a Willys-Knight Great Six which she drove avidly at the time she was touring in 1929 in the play, Lulu. In August 1929, she was sued in a Norwich, Connecticut court for damages she caused in a car accident on the Boston Post Road near Groton, Connecticut, in June 1928.The plaintiffs asked for $13,000. <mask> <mask>
<mask> has a star at 1600 Vine Street in the Motion Pictures section of the Hollywood Walk of Fame. It was dedicated on February 8, 1960. Selected filmography
Silent

Talkies

Television

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Virtual History

1891 births
1987 deaths
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
Vaudeville performers
American television actresses
American radio actresses
Actresses from California
20th-century American actresses

masks:
Madge Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Miss Kennedy
Madge
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Kennedy
Madge
Kennedycognition
Kennedy
Madge
Kennedy


title: Howard H. Shore

texts:
<mask><mask> is a Superior Court Judge of San Diego County, California for Department SD-15. <mask>'s remarks were widely covered by the media after he announced that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution did not apply to chalk on the sidewalk, and he prohibited the defendant from mentioning terms like "First Amendment" or "free speech" during the trial. Notable Cases

Sidewalk chalk case

In October 2011, former U.S. Senator staffer Jeff Olson started protesting outside branches of Bank of America in San Diego. In response, bank official and former police officer Darell Freeman informed Olson that his credit union account at California Coast would be canceled if he continued to demonstrate, though Olson followed up with his bank and learned that wasn't true. Olson continued to protest, and in February 2012 he started writing anti-bank messages in chalk on the sidewalk in front of Bank of America branches. For the next six months, he visited a bank a few times a week to write slogans on the sidewalk such as "Stop big banks," "No thanks, big banks," and "Matthew 21:12" (a Bible verse where Jesus drove out bankers from the temple).In another case, Olson drew an octopus with bundles of cash held in its tentacles. On August 28, 2012, Olson was contacted by Officer Bill Miles on behalf of the San Diego Gang Unit and he stopped protesting soon after. It was reported that Olson had completely stopped protesting by the time Bob Filner was elected San Diego Mayor in November 2012. On January 7, 2013, the bank official (Freeman) requested that Officer Miles and then City Attorney Jan Goldsmith take action on Olson's case, even though he had stopped protesting. 13 counts of vandalism filed
On April 16, 2012, the city filed 13 counts of vandalism against Olson based on previous incidents reported by Freeman. Judge <mask> was assigned to the case. Each count of vandalism on the document had a suggested sentence range of "1 Yr/$1,000," indicating that Olson was facing a possible 13 years in prison plus a fine of $13,000 for the 13 chalk offenses.Although that was the theoretical maximum, local prosecutors and defense attorneys familiar with such cases were aware that the actual sentence, if convicted, would probably include a fine and some community service. Mayor Filner at the time said the case was a "waste of taxpayer money." First plea bargain

On May 16, Olson was offered a plea bargain to reduce his crimes to infractions, which would have given him a punishment of 32 hours of community service, a mandatory eight-hour seminar on behavior, a requirement to pay Bank of America $6,299 in restitution, a requirement to waive his Fourth Amendment rights regarding search and seizures, and a loss of his driver's licence for 3 years. Olson turned down the plea bargain. Prohibition on mentioning first amendment rights during trial

On June 5, 2013, Judge <mask> granted a motion by Deputy City Attorney <mask>, which prohibited Olson's attorney Tom Tosdal from using any of the following terms during the trial: "First Amendment," "free speech," "political speech," "public forum," "free expression," or "expressive conduct." Media reports decried that Olson would not be allowed to claim his first amendment rights. However, Judge <mask> stated that he was bound by precedent—specifically the published decision of the California Court of Appeal in Huntingdon Life Sciences, Inc. v Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty USA, Inc.(2005)129 Cal.App.4th 1228, a case involving California's anti-SLAPP statute (strategic lawsuit against public participation).In a complex, lengthy decision, the Court of Appeal found certain activities of the employee to be constitutionally protected, but held, as to the vandalism, "Vandalism, of course, is not a legitimate exercise of free speech rights, and if the complaint arose only from such conduct it would not be subject to an anti-SLAPP motion." 129 Cal.App.4th at p. 1245. Second plea bargain
Olson was offered another plea bargain a week and a half later, on June 18, where pleading guilty to a single count of vandalism would reduce his sentence to three years probation, require him to pay restitution (undetermined amount), require he clean graffiti for 24 hours, and lose his driver's license for two years. Again, Olson turned down the plea bargain. Prohibition on contact with the media

Olson's trial began on June 26, 2013. Soon after, several media reports decried the suggested sentences as excessive, including in The LA Times, the San Diego Reader, NPR, Gawker, New York Daily News and The Huffington Post. <mask> objected to the reports that defense counsel and defendant were making statements to the media while the trial was ongoing, and issued a gag order that prohibited Olson or any witnesses involved with the case from having any contact with the media.He stated his concern that the case was being tried in the media, and that the comments could reach the jurors, who were bound by their oath to decide the case based only on the evidence presented at trial. He remarked to the defense that they probably wouldn't appreciate the prosecutor making statements to the media about why the defendant should be found guilty. Within a few days, approximately 30,000 people had signed a petition to stop the prosecution, and NPR showed that 95% of 15,000 people polled believed the charges were not justified. Final ruling

After the jury deliberated for two hours, Olson was found not guilty of all 13 charges. The lead prosecutor, <mask>, blamed Olson for turning down the plea offers and wasting taxpayer resources. An official statement from the City Attorney's Office criticized Olson for forcing the city to take the case to trial. Medical marijuana dispensary owner case

Prohibition on mentioning state laws

In 2010, Judge <mask> ruled that a dispensary operator named Jovan Jackson was prohibited from using California's state medical marijuana law as part of his defense in a case for three charges of possession and sale of cannabis.<mask> was required to interpret the meaning of the language in MMPA (Medical Marijuana Program Act (California Health and Safety Code 11362.7 et. seq.) that allowed a defense for patients "who associate for the purpose of collectively cultivating medical marijuana." Judge <mask> conducted a pre-trial hearing, and heard testimony that the collective to which Jackson belonged had 1674 members, only a few of whom were involved in cultivation. <mask> held that the association was not formed for the purpose of cultivation, but for distribution. Jackson was convicted of a felony, and Judge <mask> ordered him to pay a $5,000 fine, serve 6 months in jail, and serve 3 years of probation. In October 2012, the Court of Appeal reviewed Judge <mask>'s decision not to allow the collective cultivation defense, and Jackson's felony conviction was reversed.People v. Jackson (2012) 210 Cal.App.4th 525. The Court did not expressly disagree with Judge <mask>'s analysis, but held that, because there was no established definition of the language Judge <mask> was called upon to interpret, the issue should have gone to the jury. Jackson was retried before another judge, and was allowed to use the defense, but was nonetheless convicted of all charges by the jury. References

21st-century American judges
Superior court judges in the United States
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Howard H
. Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore
Paige Hazard
Shore
Shore
Paige Hazard
Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore
Shore


title: Bernd Heine

texts:
<mask> (born 25 May 1939) is a German linguist and specialist in African studies. From 1978 to 2004 <mask> held the chair for African Studies at the University of Cologne, Germany, now being a Professor Emeritus. His main focal points in research and teaching are African linguistics, sociolinguistics, grammaticalization theory and language contact and discourse grammar. The grammaticalisation theory, which deals with the changes in grammar, and to which he contributed 7 books and numerous articles, is his main focal point. Jointly with Tania Kuteva and Gunther Kaltenböck, <mask> is the founder of the framework of discourse grammar. Early years and education
<mask> was born in Mohrungen, East Prussia (now Morąg, Poland). During the Second World War, in 1944 his parents fled to Austria and later took up residence in Bavaria, before settling in Leverkusen in 1948.From 1949 to 1959 <mask> attended the Landrat-Lucas-Gymnasium in Opladen. Afterwards, he studied at the University of Cologne and University of Hamburg. In 1967 he was awarded a PhD in Cologne. In 1972 he received his postdoctoral lecture qualification for African studies. Professional career
From 1968 to 1969 he was an assistant at the Department for African Studies of the University of Cologne, from 1969 to 1972 he was a lecturer and from 1975 to 1978 visiting professor at the University of Nairobi. In 1978 he took over the chair of African Studies at the University of Cologne. He carried out 25 field research trips to Ghana, Togo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Namibia as well as lecturing trips to Australia, Austria, Brasil, England, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Mexico, Namibia, The Netherlands, Poland, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Sweden, Tanzania and United States of America.Guest professorships brought him to La Trobe University, Melbourne in 1994/1995 and from 1999 to 2000 to the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in Stanford, United States, in 2002 to the Dartmouth College, USA, in 2005 to the University of Graz and from 2005 to 2006 to the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in Wassenaar, the Netherlands, in 2006 to the University of Hamburg, in 2007 to the Ecole des Hautes Etudes (Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale "CRLAO"), Paris, in 2007 to the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 2008 through 2009 to the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan, and in 2009 to the Chonnam National University, Korea. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cape Town in 2012 and 2015, and in 2014 he was appointed Yunshan Chair Professor at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, China (2014 - 2016). <mask> <mask> has served as a keynote speaker or invited speaker of over 100 international conferences. His publications include more than 40 books on African linguistics, sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, grammaticalization theory, and discourse grammar. He is co-editor and/or member of the advisory boards of 17 journals or series of books. Since 2014 his main interest has been, jointly with Gunther Kaltenböck und Tania Kuteva, the analysis of linguistic discourse. In the framework of discourse grammar developed by these authors, two components of discourse planning are distinguished, where one, Sentence Grammar, is centrally concerned with the construction of sentences while the other, Thetical Grammar, is dedicated to the relationship between speaker, hearer, and the text.Awards
His awards include a membership with the Executive Council, International African Institute, London. In 1986 he became Hans Wolff Memorial Lecturer at the Indiana University, USA, in 1990 Raymond Dart Memorial Lecturer at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. In 1990 he received the Kenya Kiswahili Association Award in Nairobi, in 1994 he was Fellow of the Australian Research Council, in 1995 he received an award from the National Kiswahili Council of the Republic of Tanzania. In 1995 he became August Klingenheben Memorial Lecturer at the University of Leipzig and in 1996 a Fellow of the British Academy. From 1997 to 2000 he was president of the Committee for World Congresses of African Linguistics and in 1999 he became a full member of the North Rhine-Westphalia Academy of Sciences. In 2008, the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology, South Korea, appointed him a Distinguished World-Class Scholar, and in 2009 he received the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Evolutionary Linguistics Association, Brussels. He was made a member of the Academia Europaea (MAE) in 2015 and of the European Science Foundation in 2016.In 2012, he became an Honorary Member of the Linguistic Society of America, and in 2020 of the Philological Society of London. Selected Publications
 Grammaticalization and reanalysis in African languages. Buske, 1984 (Co-authored by Mechthild Reh). Grammaticalization: A conceptual framework. University of Chicago Press, 1991 (Co-authored by Ulrike Claudi and Friederike Hünnemeyer). Approaches to grammaticalization. Two volumes, 1991.Benjamins (Co-edited with Elizabeth C. Traugott). Auxiliaries: Cognitive forces and grammaticalization, 1993. Oxford University Press. The Mukogodo Maasai: An ethno-botanical survey, 1994 Köppe (Co-authored by Matthias Brenzinger and Ingo <mask>). Swahili Plants. Cologne: Köppe Verlag, 1995 (Co-authored by Karsten Legère). Cognitive foundations of grammar.Oxford University Press, 1997. Possession: Cognitive sources, forces, and grammaticalization. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Ik dictionary. (Nilo-Saharan, 15.) Köppe, 1999. African languages: An introduction.Cambridge University Press, 2000 (Co-edited by Derek Nurse). World lexicon of grammaticalization. Cambridge University Press, 2002 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge University Press, 2005 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). The changing languages of Europe. Oxford University Press, 2006 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva).The genesis of grammar: a reconstruction. Oxford University Press, 2007 (Co-authored by Tania Kuteva). A linguistic geography of Africa. Cambridge University Press, 2008 (Co-edited by Derek Nurse). The Oxford handbook of linguistic analysis. Oxford University Press, 2010 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog). Grammaticalization from a typological perspective.Oxford University Press, 2019 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog)
 World lexicon of grammaticalization. Second, extensively revised and updated edition. Cambridge University Press, 2019 (Co-edited by Tania Kuteva, Bo Hong, Haiping Long, Heiko Narrog, and Seongha Rhee). The Akie language of Tanzania: Texts and dictionary. Köppe, 2020 (Co-authored by Christa König, Karsten Legère, and Ingo <mask>). Grammaticalization. Oxford University Press, 2021 (Co-authored by Heiko Narrog).The rise of discourse markers. Cambridge University Press, 2021 (Co-authored by Gunther Kaltenböck, Tania Kuteva, and Haiping Long). The Oxford handbook of grammaticalization. Oxford University Press, 2021 (Co-edited by Heiko Narrog). External links
Bernd <mask> - Linguistics and African Studies

Linguists from Germany
Linguists of Niger–Congo languages
University of Cologne faculty
Fellows of the British Academy
Living people
1939 births
People from Morąg
People from East Prussia
Sociolinguists

masks:
Bernd Heine
Heine
Heine
Heine
Heine
Bernd
Heine
Heine
Heine
Heine


title: Mark Gerard Hayes

texts:
<mask>, pen-name M. G<mask> (21 September 1956 - 15 December 2019), was a British-Irish economist and former banker. As an economist, he wrote mainly on the economics of John Maynard Keynes and on the economic implications of Catholic social thought. He was a Quondam Fellow in Economics of Robinson College, Cambridge, and published two books on the economics of Keynes and several scholarly articles and chapters on both his areas of research. From 2006-2016 he was the Secretary of the Post-Keynesian Economics Society (PKES, formerly known as PKSG). Earlier in his career, he was the principal founder and first Managing Director from 1990-1999 of Shared Interest, the British co-operative society that provides a large part of the finance behind the global Fair Trade movement. Biography
Educated at Stonyhurst College and Clare College, Cambridge, where he read Economics, <mask> began his working career as a banker (1978-1988) with the Industrial and Commercial Finance Corporation that became 3i in 1984. He left 3i in 1988 to become the principal founder and first Managing Director (1990-1999) of Shared Interest.After a brief period in 2001-2002 at Triodos Bank as UK Managing Director, he switched to an academic career, earning his doctorate at the University of Sunderland in 2003 under the external supervision of Malcolm Sawyer, University of Leeds. From 2003-2006 he was a Visiting Fellow at Northumbria University, during which time he wrote his first book The Economics of Keynes: A New Guide to The General Theory. He won the Helen Potter Award from the Association for Social Economics in 2006 for "the best article in the Review of Social Economy by a promising scholar of social economics", 'On the efficiency of Fair Trade'. In 2006 he became a Fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge and its Director of Studies in Economics from 2009-2014. He was also a Trustee and Senior Research Fellow of Homerton College, Cambridge from 2006-2009 and an Affiliated Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge from 2013-2015. In 2014, he moved to Durham University to become the inaugural holder of the St Hilda Chair in Catholic Social Thought and Practice in Durham's Centre for Catholic Studies, before early retirement in 2016. His second book on Keynes is John Maynard Keynes: The Art of Choosing the Right Model, published shortly before his death.Publications

Books
 John Maynard Keynes: The Art of Choosing the Right Model (Polity Press; 2019)
 The Capital Finance of Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies (Co-operatives UK; 2013)
 The Economics of Keynes: A New Guide to The General Theory (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd; 2006)
 Investment and finance under fundamental uncertainty (Ph.D dissertation, University of Sunderland; 2003)

Papers and articles
 2018. The liquidity of money, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 42 (5), 1205-1218
 2018. Sraffa's prices of production understood in terms of Keynes's state of short-term expectation, in The General Theory and Keynes for the 21st Century, Dow, Sheila Jespersen, Jesper & Tily, Geoff (eds), Edward Elgar. 2018. Creation and Creativity, in Theology and Ecology Across the Disciplines: On Care for Our Common Home, Celia Deane-Drummond and  Rebecca Artinian-Kaiser (eds),  Bloomsbury
 2017. Keynes's liquidity preference and the usury doctrine: their connection and continuing policy relevance, Review of Social Economy, 75 (4): 400-416
 2013. The Vatican and the international monetary system, Review of Social Economy, 71 (3), 390-98
 2013.The state of short-term expectation, Review of Political Economy, 25 (2), 205–24
 2013. Ingham and Keynes on the Nature of Money, in Financial Crises and the Nature of Capitalist Money, Geoff Harcourt and Jocelyn Pixley (eds), Palgrave Macmillan
 2013 (with Olivier Allain and Jochen Hartwig). Effective Demand: Securing the Foundations - A Symposium, Review of Political Economy, 25 (4), 650-78
 2012. The General Theory: A Neglected Work? !, in Keynes’s General Theory For Today, Jesper Jespersen and Mogens Ove Madsen (eds), Edward Elgar
 2012. The Efficient Markets Hypothesis, in The Elgar Companion to Post Keynesian Economics, J. E. King (ed. ), Edward Elgar
 2012.Keynes: The Neglected Theorist, in Keynes’ General Theory: 75 Years Later, Thomas Cate (ed. ), Edward Elgar
 2010. The Loanable Funds fallacy: saving, finance and equilibrium, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 34 (4), 807–20
 2010. The fault line between Keynes and the Cambridge Keynesians: a review essay,  Review of Political Economy, 22 (1), 151-60
 2010. Mutual Enmity: deposit insurance and economic democracy, Review of Social Economy, 68 (3), 365-70
 2009. The Post Keynesian alternative to inflation targeting (with Angel Asensio), European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies, 6 (1), 65-79
 2008. Keynes’s Z function: a reply to Hartwig and Brady, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 32 (5), 811–14
 2008.Keynes’s degree of competition, European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 15 (2), 275–91
 2008. “Fighting the Tide: Alternative Trade Organizations in the Era of Global Free Trade” – A Comment, World Development, 36 (12), 2953–61
 2007. The point of effective demand, Review of Political Economy, 19 (1), 55–80
 2007. Keynes’s Z function, heterogeneous output and marginal productivity, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 31 (5), 741-53
 2006. Value and probability, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 28 (3), 527–38
 2006. On the efficiency of Fair Trade, Review of Social Economy, 64 (4), 447–68
 2006. Lucas on involuntary unemployment, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 30 (3),  473–7
 2006.Financial Bubbles, in A Handbook of Alternative Monetary Economics, Philip Arestis and Malcolm Sawyer (eds), Edward Elgar
 1993. Shared Interest and Co-operation, Journal of Co-operative Studies, 76, 39-43

References

External links
  web page at the University of Cambridge
  web pages at Durham University
  Durham Centre for Catholic Studies

Living people
1956 births
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Post-Keynesian economists
Academics of Durham University

masks:
Mark Gerard Hayes
. Hayes
Mark Hayes


title: Rachel Paulose

texts:
<mask> (born March 12, 1973, Kerala, India) is an American attorney. She was nominated by President George W. Bush and unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate to serve as a United States Attorney. She was the youngest person and the first woman to lead the District of Minnesota. Early life
<mask>'s parents are Joseph, buildings and grounds superintendent for the Hopkins, Minnesota school district, and Lucy, a software engineer. She had one younger sister, Elizabeth Goulette, who died in 2019. In 1994, she earned a B.A. (summa cum laude) from the University of Minnesota where she was Phi Beta Kappa and a Harry S. Truman Scholar.She earned national recognition and honors as the Chair of the Student Representatives to the Board of Regents. She also served as the Commencement Speaker at the University of Minnesota. She earned her J.D. from the Yale Law School, where she was a Coker Fellow. Career
Paulose's legal career began in 1997 when she worked as a law clerk under Judge James B. Loken of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. She then worked as a trial attorney in the Attorney General's Honors Program from 1998 to 1999. There, she prosecuted violations of the federal civil rights laws in the Voting Section of the Civil Rights Division.From 1999 until 2002, she worked as an Assistant United States Attorney. She first-chaired many trials in federal district court. She also briefed and argued many appeals before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Cases involved narcotics, violent crime, economic crime. Jury trial and Eighth circuit appellate highlights: precedent-setting detention of suspect based on economic threat alone; precedent-setting appellate work rejecting expansion of alien criminal defendants' claims of rights under Vienna Convention. She worked in private practice after 2002 with the Williams & Connolly law firm in Washington D.C. until 2003, where her work focused on health care litigation and business. Work also included defense against class action suit demanding slavery reparations.She was with the Dorsey & Whitney law firm in Minneapolis from 2003 until December, 2005. Work included defense of health care providers, commercial litigation, and constitutional advocacy. <mask> was appointed as the United States Attorney for the District of Minnesota in August 2006 and remained in that position until November 2007. <mask> subsequently worked as a senior counsel at the Securities and Exchange Commission. In 2015 she became a partner with the DLA Piper law firm. She is also a Visiting Professor at the University of St. Thomas (Minnesota). Appointment as U.S. Attorney
In January 2006, <mask> returned to the Justice Department where she served briefly as Senior Counsel to Acting Deputy Attorney General Paul McNulty and she was the Department's Special Counsel for Health Care Fraud.She assisted with the formulation of guidelines for health care fraud and corporate fraud prosecution. She was a special assistant to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. The following month, on February 17, , she was appointed to serve as interim US Attorney for the District of Minnesota. The incumbent U. S. Attorney, Thomas Heffelfinger had announced his resignation effective February 28. On August 3, 2006, while serving as interim U.S. Attorney in Minnesota, <mask>'s nomination  was sent to the U.S. Senate by President George W. Bush . She was unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate  on December 9, 2006, the last day of the 109th Congress. . The confirmation occurred after a hearing by the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary and the approval of both home state senators, including Senator Mark Dayton.<mask> pledged to fight child pornographers, stating that they were becoming "more graphic, more heinous, and frankly appalling." She also spoke out against urban crime and in favor of holding public officials accountable for their actions. During her tenure in office, <mask> tripled child pornography prosecutions, doubled gun prosecutions, and initiated the first ever prosecutions of human trafficking and aggravated identity theft. <mask> resigned in November 2007 after several members of her staff themselves resigned in protest over her leadership. Controversies

Swearing-in ceremony
<mask>'s investiture was held before 300 people in the atrium of the University of St. Thomas School of Law in Minneapolis on March 9, 2007. Subsequently, Leah McLean of the Minneapolis television station KSTP ran a piece likening it to a "coronation", showing a program that referred to a "processional" and included a U.S. Marine color guard, professional photographer and choir. <mask> has dismissed the criticism, saying the program KSTP based its report on was inaccurate and had been discarded long before the ceremony, although the color guard and choir were indeed present.She also added that the cost to taxpayers was minimal since the school donated the use of its atrium (which it normally rents for $1,500) for the investiture ceremony at her request, she paid for everything and the total government cost of the ceremony was only $225, less than half the $500 she was budgeted. Representatives of government watchdog groups said the donation was inappropriate and that the money spent didn't include the cost to taxpayers of event planning by Paulose's employees. The Star Tribune reported that it was unusual that "the former U.S. attorney for Minnesota, Thomas Heffelfinger, was not invited" to the ceremony. Paulose's spokesperson, Jeanne Cooney, said "It was a public event. Anybody who wanted to go could have gone." The article speculated that Heffelfinger, a moderate Republican, could have been a candidate for a purge list, had he not stepped aside to make way for a more conservative candidate. Staff resignations
On April 5, 2007, three of Paulose's top administrators — First Assistant U.S. Attorney John Marti, second in command; civil division head Erika Monzangue and criminal division head James Lackner — voluntarily resigned those positions, reverting to simple assistant U.S. attorney status, reportedly in protest over Paulose's management style.According to the Star Tribune, she was noted for dressing down underlings and quoting Bible verses on the job. The resignations occurred after a visit from a representative of the Executive Office of the U.S. Attorney in Washington. A later report said that the visit had been a last-ditch attempt by the Bush administration to persuade the three not to resign, and that a fourth official declined to comment on whether he had resigned or not. Paulose's defenders say that three simply had trouble changing their ways to accommodate an aggressive young prosecutor determined to bring the office more into line with the Attorney General's policies, and it had nothing to do with politics. US Attorney dismissal controversy

On April 17, the Associated Press reported that <mask> had been contacted for voluntary questioning by the House Judiciary Committee about the "firings of 8 U.S. federal prosecutors" On May 31, 2007, the Los Angeles Times published an article stating that Paulose's predecessor was removed from his post for failing to pursue voter fraud cases that would prevent a significant number of Native Americans in Minnesota from casting ballots in the 2004 election, and that Paulose's appointment stemmed not only from her credentials, but from her work in private law filing "election lawsuits on behalf of the Minnesota GOP." Heffelfinger and an assistant U.S. Attorney, Rob Lewis, had previously expressed their concern "about possible voter discrimination against Indians," according to the Times. Also reported was that one of Paulose's "first acts in office was to remove Lewis, who had written the 2004 e-mails to Washington expressing concern about Native American voting rights in Minnesota, from overseeing voting rights cases."On September 24 the Washington Post reported that <mask> "is the subject of an investigation by the U.S. Office of Special Counsel into allegations that she mishandled classified information, retaliated against those who crossed her, and made racist remarks about a support staff employee, said multiple sources in Minnesota and Washington, who declined to be identified because the probe is still under way. In addition, an internal Justice Department audit completed last month said her employees gave her very low marks, alleging that she treats subordinates harshly and lacks the requisite experience for the job, said several sources familiar with the audit. Her performance review was so poor that Kenneth E. Melson, head of the department's Executive Office for U.S. Attorneys, took the unusual step of meeting with her in Minnesota several weeks ago, two sources said." The U.S. Office of Special Counsel released its findings on December 3, 2008 and found that there "were reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice had occurred that warranted corrective action". She did indeed retaliate inappropriately against her top subordinate after he reported her for those transgressions. But the OSC noted that the settlement agreement "was entered into by the Department of Justice as a no-fault agreement and was not to be construed as an admission of liability by DOJ."The office and home of the OSC official who led the investigation against <mask> were raided "as part of an investigation into whether he himself mixed politics with official business." Resignation from office
Palouse resigned her position on November 19, 2007, to work at the Justice Department. In reaction, Senator Norm Coleman said, "I support <mask>'s decision today to step down from her duties as Minnesota's U.S. attorney. I have made it clear that I have had concerns about the office of the U.S. attorney under her watch, and I believe this decision will allow the office to move forward." Amy Klobuchar, the other U.S. Senator from Minnesota, also welcomed the resignation. Memberships
<mask> is a contributing author for the American Bar Association focusing on Supreme Court cases and a guest writer for the Asian-American Press.She is Vice President for the Minnesota chapter of the National Asian Pacific American Bar Association and for the Eighth Circuit chapter of the Federal Bar Association. She also serves on the boards of directors of the League of Women Voters, the Yale Law School Fund, and the Trust for Public Land, in addition to being a scholarship selection judge for the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation. References

External links
United States Attorney's Office
New York Times article from November 13, 2007

1973 births
Living people
American people of Malayali descent
American women lawyers
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
Indian emigrants to the United States
United States Attorneys for the District of Minnesota
University of Minnesota alumni
Women in Kerala politics
Yale Law School alumni
American politicians of Indian descent
Minnesota Republicans

masks:
Rachel Kunjummen Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Paulose
Rachel Paulose
Paulose


title: Damjan Popović

texts:
<mask> was a Serbian general and participant in the Serbian–Turkish Wars , the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the Second Balkan War and the First World War. Biography
<mask> was born on November 1, 1857. His parents names are unknown. After finishing the 6th grade of the grammar school in Kragujevac, 1874. <mask> enrolled in the Artillery School (11th grade) as 1st in rank. His classmates were future generals Mihailo Živković, Mihailo Rašić and Dukes Stepa Stepanović, Živojin Mišić, which made this generation one of the best. Due to the interruption of schooling, caused by the war with Turkey, he finished school in 1880 as the first in the rank of twenty-three cadets.In the 1887 until 1888, <mask> resided in Odessa and St. Petersburg as a state cadet. Officers' promotion
During the First Serbian-Turkish War, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant on November 5, 1876. He became a lieutenant on October 20, 1882, a captain of the 2nd class on February 2, 1887, a captain of the 1st class on January 1, 1891 , a major on February 22, 1893, a lieutenant colonel on February 22, 1897, and a colonel on April 6, 1901 and General on November 1, 1913. Active military career
Even as pitomac- sergeant was sent to the war 1876. as an acting ordinance officer of the 1st class Uzice Brigade. In the period between the two wars, he was on duty in the same brigade and adjutant of the 8th Combined Battalion . In the Second Serbian-Turkish War, he was the acting ordinance officer at the Moravica Battalion, and then the commander of the 1st Company of the Combined Artillery Battalion. From this position, as an ordinance officer, he was transferred to the Javor Corps Headquarters.After the wars, until 1880, he returned to the Artillery School to complete the course. Until the Serbo-Bulgarian War, he was a sergeant and acting commander of the 1st company of the engineering battalion. In the war with the Bulgarians, he held the position of commander of the engineering company of the Moravian Division. After the war, he did an internship at the railway command and at the Belgrade railway station. Then he was the head of the Kragujevac railway station, then the head of traffic on the Lapovo - Kragujevac line . After returning from Russia, in December 1888. he was appointed commander of the 2nd Company in the 1st Engineering Battalion. Then he became first acting, and from May 1893 and commander of the same battalion, and from October 1894, he was the acting officer of the Danube Divisional Area (at the end of 1895 he was confirmed at that position).In December of the same year, he was appointed a member of the Engineering Committee of the Ministry of War. In addition to all these duties, he participated in the works on the fortification of Pirot and Niš. In August 1899, <mask> was appointed head of the Engineering and Technical Department of the Ministry of War, and in addition to this duty, in February 1900 , he was appointed to the position of the king's aide. In the following period, he changed a number of positions. From October 1901 until April 1902, <mask> was the commander of the Sumadija Infantry Brigade, and then the inspector of the engineering command of the Active Army. At the same time, from mid-August 1903 and he was also appointed a member of the Higher Military Council. The May Coup found him in the position of commander of the Pirot fortifications.He was in the delegation that brought King Peter I from Geneva. For a short time, 1903-1904, he was again an adjutant, then King Peter I , and then until May 1906 . in the position of Commander of the Danube Divisional Area. From this place, at his request, and due to the pressure of the English government, together with a group of senior officers, he retired. At the beginning of the First Balkan War, he was still retired. It was reactivated only on January 14, 1913 and a few days later, he was appointed commander of the titled Coastal troops. In the attack on Brdica, in February 1913, during the Siege of Shkodra, his troops suffered heavy losses due to fatigue, hunger and the superior position of the enemy and about 1,800 casualties were reported. After this defeat, <mask> was removed from his command position.In the Second Balkan War, he was the commander of the Pirot fortifications. During the Arnaut rebellion, he commanded the troops of the New Areas. He retired for the second time in April 1914 . years due to the negative reaction regarding the Regulation on the priority of government. In June 1914, it was reactivated. During the First World War, he was again the commander of the new areas, until October 1916 , when he was placed at the disposal of the Supreme Command. In February 1917 for the third time finally retired permanently. At the directed Thessaloniki trial, he was first sentenced to 10 years in prison, so his sentence was increased to 20 years, to which the famous Louise Paget reacted sharply stating that if General <mask> <mask> was convicted and shot as an alleged criminal, she would never set foot in Serbia again.In all the above-mentioned duties, 1897-1899, he was a member in 1905 and chairman of examination commissions for the rank of major. <mask> <mask> was worried that the United States would not help Serbia, because one of their generals drove the American delegation off the train. He asked Delfa Ivanić to mediate and asked Louise Paget to convince the American delegation of the needs of our country and people and to mitigate in some way this accident that that officer did. She agreed and everyone that on February 12, 1915, with the delegation, went to dinner at a restaurant near Vardar in Skopje. Henry James was the secretary of that delegation, and otherwise he was the president of American writers. Awards
Order of Karađorđe's Star, 3rd Class with Swords
Order of the White Eagle, 5th Class
Order of the Cross of Takovo, 4th and 5th Ckass
Silver medal for bravery
War Memorial 1876—1878. References

Bibliography

1857 births
1928 deaths
People from Ivanjica
People from the Principality of Serbia
People from the Kingdom of Serbia
Serbian military personnel
Serbian generals
Royal Serbian Army soldiers
People of the Serbo-Bulgarian War
Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Serbian military personnel of World War I
Serbian–Turkish Wars (1876–1878)

masks:
Damjan Popović
Damjan Popović
Popović
Popović
Popović
Popović
Popović
Damjan
Popović
Damjan
Popović


title: Owain Fôn Williams

texts:
<mask> (; born 17 March 1987) is a Welsh professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper. He made 271 appearances in the English Football League, including 161 for Tranmere Rovers, also representing Crewe Alexandra, Stockport County, Bury, and Rochdale. He has since played for Scottish clubs Inverness Caledonian Thistle, Hamilton Academical and Dunfermline Athletic, and in the United States for Indy Eleven. Formerly a Welsh youth international, he was first called up to the senior Wales team in 2009, finally making his debut in 2015. He was a member of the Wales squad that reached the semi-finals of UEFA Euro 2016. Early and personal life
<mask> was born and raised in Penygroes, Gwynedd. He attended Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle.<mask> has an interest in oil painting, and his work was exhibited in 2016. He has painted since childhood and was encouraged to study it at university before he began his football career. Club career

Crewe Alexandra
Williams joined Crewe Alexandra after impressing during a trial period when he had his spells at Premier League clubs Manchester United and Liverpool and was signed on scholarship forms in 2003. He was first choice for the club's under-19 team but suffered a broken leg during his second year which halted his progress. On 19 June 2006, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the club. Following his recovery, <mask> was given the number twenty-one shirt and competed for the first choice goalkeeper with <mask>, but failed to start and spent the most of the season on the substitute bench. Tired of the lack of first team appearances, <mask> was offered a new contract, but the negotiations was stalled and left Crewe in July 2008 for a tribunal set fee.Stockport County
On 8 July 2008, he joined Stockport County following the expiration of his contract with Crewe. <mask> was linked with a move to Premier League clubs and Championship clubs before joining Stockport County. After making his debut in a 1–1 draw with Huddersfield Town on the opening day of the 2008–09 season, <mask> soon established himself as County's No.1, however in October 2008, he lost his first team place to on-loan keeper Fraser Forster. Forster was kept in goal for six games throughout October and into early November before his loan spell expired and <mask> returned to his Number One slot. Until the middle of March, <mask> was ever present for County, putting in match winning performances. On 30 March, <mask> underwent an operation on his shoulder which kept him out for the remainder of the 2008–09 season. Despite making thirty-three appearances, <mask>, nevertheless, was awarded Stockport County's Player of the Year.His performance saw also him being linked with a move to Premier League side Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United and the club may sell him, as they faced financial problems. In the 2009–10 season, <mask> made his return from injury in a friendly match, with a 5–0 win over Nostell Miners Welfare on 18 July 2009. After being featured as a first choice goalkeeper for the rest of the friendly matches, <mask> made his league return from injury, in the opening game of the season, in a 0–0 draw against Oldham Athletic, where he made a string of saves. After the match, Manager Gary Ablett praised his performance. However, the club struggled in the league and record twelve games without a point between 17 October 2009 and 19 January 2010. This was later ended in the next game when the club drew 0–0 against Carlisle United and the game also saw <mask> making a string of saves, including saving a shot from Adam Clayton's 30 yard drive. Despite <mask>' best efforts, the club were later relegated from League One.As the club were relegated from League One, <mask> was available to leave the club on a free transfer. However, the club's attempts to let <mask> leave the club in the summer failed and allowed him to leave the club. <mask> went on to make seven appearances in the 2010–11 season and was mostly on the substitution bench after losing his first choice to newly signing Matt Glennon. Bury and Rochdale
On 28 October 2010, <mask> joined local rivals Bury on a two-month-long emergency loan deal to replace the injured Cameron Belford. <mask> made his Bury debut on 30 October 2010, in a 3–1 win over Aldershot Town. After making seven appearances for Bury, <mask> returned to Stockport on 4 January 2011 after completion of his loan period. On 20 January 2011, <mask> joined another local rival, Rochdale, signing until the end of the season and he made his debut on 22 January as his new side beat Yeovil Town.<mask> made 22 appearances for Rochdale as they finished the season in 7th place. He was released at the end of the season. Tranmere Rovers
At the end of June 2011, sports media in the UK reported he was due to join Tranmere Rovers on a permanent contract. This was confirmed by Tranmere on 1 July 2011, where he signed up on a two-year contract. Despite suffering a thigh injury in the pre-season friendly, <mask> made his competitive club debut on the first day of the 2011–12 season, starting the Football League match against Chesterfield. Tranmere Rovers won 1–0 and kept a clean sheet on his debut Three weeks later on 31 August 2011, <mask> helped the club go through to the next round of Johnstone's Trophy after Tranmere Rovers beat Port Vale in the penalty-shootout, with <mask> saved one of the two penalties. <mask> established himself as a first choice goalkeeper at Tranmere Rovers and his impressive display led him being praised by Manager Les Parry.However, <mask> suffered a hand injury in training, resulted him having a surgery, which saw him sidelined for eight weeks. After months on the sidelines, <mask> made his first team return on 4 February 2012, in a 2–1 loss against Wycombe Wanderers. <mask> was sent-off in the 72nd minute after fouling Ryan Noble in the box, in a 1–1 draw against Hartlepool United on 21 April 2012. In his first season at Tranmere Rovers, <mask> made thirty-five appearances for the club. In the 2012–13 season, <mask> continued to be the first choice goalkeeper and made forty-five appearances for the club this season. But after wasn't included in the starting line-up for the national team, <mask> returned to Tranmere Rovers line-up and played in a 3–2 win over Yeovil Town on 13 October 2012. By the end of October, <mask> made a good display, where he conceded fourteen goals in fifteen games and kept a clean sheet at least six times.During a period of heavy snowfall in January 2013, an away fixture at Brentford was briefly stopped as <mask> was pelted by snowballs thrown from the home supporters. At the end of the 2012–13 season, <mask> was offered a new contract by the club. <mask> turned down a move to the Championship in favour of signing a two-year contract extension at the club. In the 2013–14 season, <mask> suffered a knee injury in a pre-season friendly, but made his recovery soon after. Weeks later on 27 August 2013, <mask> was the hero in the penalty shoot-out against Bolton Wanderers in the second round of League Cup after saving two penalties from André Moritz and Alex Baptiste following a 1–1 draw that last through 120 minutes. By the first half of the season, <mask> made twenty-one out of twenty-three appearances because of his international commitment. Despite this, <mask>' continued to impress and was nominated for Sky Bet League 1 Player of the Month award for February as a result of his good performance.However, the club find themselves in the relegation zone, with their League One status for next season was under threat. After being booked in a match against Leyton Orient on 26 April 2014, <mask> missed the match on the final day of the season a home defeat against Bradford City and results elsewhere meant they were relegated to League Two. Following the club's relegation, <mask>' relegation clause was activated, allowing him to leave the club. In the 2014–15 season, <mask> remained at the club, as they played in League Two. <mask> continued to be first-choice goalkeeper throughout the season, despite missing nine matches due to international commitment. In May 2015, following Tranmere's relegation to the Conference Premier, <mask> was released by the club, ending his four-year association with the club. His release saw him being linked with a move, with not England, but also abroad, which interested him.Inverness Caledonian Thistle
After his release from Tranmere, <mask> signed for Scottish Premiership side Inverness Caledonian Thistle on 16 July 2015. He made his debut later that day, in a 0–1 home defeat to Astra Giurgiu of Romania in UEFA Europa League qualification. His league debut came on 1 August, as the team began their season with a 0–1 home loss to Motherwell in which he saved a penalty from Scott McDonald. <mask> played in all 38 league matches during the 2015–16 Scottish Premiership season. In May 2016, he signed a three-year contract with Inverness. Indy Eleven (loan)
On 1 February 2018, United Soccer League club Indy Eleven announced the signing of <mask> <mask> was loaned to Scottish Championship club Dunfermline Athletic in January 2020, playing in 6 matches before the season was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 3 August 2020, he signed for Dunfermline Athletic permanently on a two-year deal. On 28 February 2022, <mask> <mask> had his contract at Dunfermline cancelled due to family reasons. International career

After being called up by Wales under-17, <mask> made his one and only appearance for the Wales under-17 side on 8 November 2003, as a substitute to replace Wayne Hennessey during a 4–0 win over Azerbaijan in a UEFA European Under-17 Championship qualifying match. After a handful of appearances for the under-19 side, <mask> moved up to the Wales under-21 side, making his debut in a 4–0 friendly win against Northern Ireland. He took over as the team's number one goalkeeper and missed just one match in the qualifying round of the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship as they finished top of their group before being beaten by England in the play-off. In February 2009, <mask> earned his first call up to the senior Wales squad for the match with Poland in Portugal and was called up a second time the following month for the qualifiers with Finland and Germany.He remained a regular back-up goalkeeper in the following years, including in their successful UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying campaign. He finally made his debut on 13 November 2015 in a friendly against the Netherlands at Cardiff City Stadium, replacing Wayne Hennessey with 16 minutes to play and the score at 2–2, and conceded the winning goal from Arjen Robben. In 2016, he was named in Wales' 23-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016. Career statistics

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
People from Gwynedd
Welsh footballers
Wales youth international footballers
Wales under-21 international footballers
Wales international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C.players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Inverness Caledonian Thistle F.C. players
Indy Eleven players
Hamilton Academical F.C. players
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
USL Championship players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Welsh expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Welsh expatriate sportspeople in the United States
People educated at Ysgol Dyffryn Nantlle

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title: Paolo Maldini

texts:
<mask>  (; born 26 June 1968) is an Italian former professional footballer who played primarily as a left back and centre back for AC Milan and the Italy national team. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever defenders and as one of the greatest players of all time. As the Milan and Italy captain for many years he was nicknamed "Il Capitano" ("The Captain"). Maldini held the record for most appearances in Serie A, with 647, until 2020, when he was overtaken by Gianluigi Buffon. He is currently serving as technical director for Milan, as well as being co-owner of USL Championship club Miami FC. <mask> spent all 25 seasons of his playing career in the Serie A with Milan, before retiring at the age of 41 in 2009. He won 25 trophies with Milan: the European Cup/UEFA Champions League five times, seven Serie A titles, one Coppa Italia, five Supercoppa Italiana titles, four European/UEFA Super Cups, two Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup.Maldini won the Best Defender trophy at the UEFA Club Football Awards at the age of 39, as well as the Serie A Defender of the Year Award in 2004. Following his retirement after the 2008–09 season, Milan retired his number 3 shirt. <mask> made his debut for Italy in 1988, playing for 14 years before retiring in 2002 with 7 goals and 126 caps, an appearance record at the time, which has since been surpassed by Fabio Cannavaro and Gianluigi Buffon. <mask> captained Italy for eight years and held the record for appearances as Italy's captain (75), until he was again overtaken by Cannavaro and Buffon. With Italy, Maldini took part in four FIFA World Cups and three UEFA European Championships. Although he did not win a tournament with Italy, he reached the final of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000, and the semi-final of the 1990 World Cup and Euro 1988. He was elected into the all-star teams for each of these tournaments, in addition to Euro 1996.Maldini came second to George Weah for FIFA World Player of the Year in 1995. He also placed third in the Ballon d'Or in 1994 and 2003. In 2002, he was chosen as a defender on the FIFA World Cup Dream Team, and in 2004 Pelé named him in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players. He was also selected for the Ballon d'Or Dream Team in 2020. <mask> held the record for most appearances in UEFA Club competitions, with 174, until he was overtaken by Iker Casillas in 2017. He is the record appearance holder for Milan with 902 appearances in all competitions, and is one of only thirty-two players to have made over 1,000 career appearances. In December 2012, he was inducted into the Italian Football Hall of Fame.Maldini's father Cesare also played for and captained Milan, and was a successful national under-21 manager, who also coached Milan and the senior national side during the 1998 World Cup. Club career

1984–1987: Youth career, AC Milan senior debut and early professional career
Originally a AC Milan youth squad product, Maldini also went on to play his entire club career with the senior side. He won the Coppa Italia Primavera with the Milan Youth side during the 1984–85 season, and he made his league debut for Milan under manager Nils Liedholm during the same season on 20 January 1985, replacing the injured Sergio Battistini in a match against Udinese at age 16. It was his only league appearance of the campaign, but he was immediately made a member of the starting eleven the following season, at age 17, at right-back, being handed the number 3 shirt, which had previously also belonged to his father, Cesare. He was later switched to his more iconic position of left-back due to his ability with his left foot. <mask> also made his Coppa Italia debut in 1985, on 21 August, while his debut in European competition also came later that same year, on 18 September. He scored the first of his 29 goals in Serie A on 4 January 1987 in a 1–0 win against Como.1987–1991: Domestic and international success with The immortals
The 1987–88 Scudetto under Arrigo Sacchi marked Maldini's first trophy, and the first of seven league titles, with the club. Nicknamed "The Immortals", Sacchi's Milan side is remembered for including the Dutch trio of Frank Rijkaard, Ruud Gullit and Marco van Basten, as well as the Italian midfielders Carlo Ancelotti, Roberto Donadoni (and later Demetrio Albertini), and a strong defensive lineup. Under Sacchi and later Fabio Capello, Maldini formed with long-timers Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta, Mauro Tassotti, as well as Filippo Galli, Stefano Nava and later Christian Panucci, one of football's strongest defensive quartets of all time. During the 1987–88 Serie A season, Milan only conceded 14 goals, finishing with the best defence in Italy, as they went on to win the Serie A title. Following Baresi's retirement, he also formed a formidable and successful partnership with Alessandro Nesta. <mask> went on to win the 1988 Supercoppa Italiana with Milan the following season, and followed up this trophy with back to back European Cup titles in 1988–89 and 1989–90, while Milan finished in third and in second place in Serie A during those respective seasons. On 19 February 1989, <mask> made his 100th appearance in Serie A.

Milan reached the final of the 1989–90 Coppa Italia, losing out to Juventus.Milan also managed to capture successive European Super Cup titles in 1989 and 1990, as well as successive Intercontinental Cup titles, once again 1989 and 1990. The following season, in Sacchi's final season with the club, Milan were eliminated in the quarter-finals of the European Cup by eventual finalists Marseille, and finished second in Serie A, behind Sampdoria, once again with the best defence in the league, conceding only 19 goals. Milan reached the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia, losing out to eventual champions Roma. In 1989, Maldini was awarded the Bravo Award, as the best under-23 player in European Competitions. 1991–1996: Continued success with The invincibles
Under Sacchi's replacement, Fabio Capello, Milan continued to be a dominant force in Italy and in Europe. Maldini was also part of Milan's undefeated Serie A team, which won the championship in the 1991–92 season; in total, Milan went unbeaten for an Italian record of 58 league matches, earning the nickname "The Invincibles". This championship was Milan's first of three consecutive Serie A titles under Capello in the early 1990s.Maldini helped Milan defend the Serie A title the following season, and reach the first of three consecutive UEFA Champions League finals. Milan lost the 1993 Champions League final in a 1–0 defeat to Marseille. That season, <mask> scored his first goal in European Competitions on 21 October 1992 in a 1–0 Champions League win against Slovan Bratislava, and also made his 200th appearance in Serie A on 4 October of the same year. The following season, Milan captured their third consecutive Serie A title, finishing with the best defence in Italy, conceding just 15 goals. <mask> also helped lead Milan to a second consecutive Champions League final, where he helped his team defeat Barcelona. Due to Alessandro Costacurta's suspension and injuries sustained to Franco Baresi, Jean-Pierre Papin and Marco van Basten, Barcelona's "Dream Team", coached by Johan Cruyff, were heavy favourites to win the trophy, with the formidable attacking duo of Romário and Hristo Stoichkov. Despite their key absences, Maldini helped the Milan defence keep a clean sheet and overcome Barcelona 4–0 in the final, with two goals from Daniele Massaro and one each from Dejan Savićević and Marcel Desailly.After winning his third Champions League title and reaching the 1994 World Cup final, Maldini became the first defender ever to win World Soccer magazine's annual World Player of the Year Award. During his acceptance speech, Maldini called his milestone "a particular matter of pride because defenders generally receive so much less attention from fans and the media than goalscorers. We are more in the engine room rather than taking the glory". He then singled out Milan captain Franco Baresi as a player who "really [deserved] to receive the sort of award I have received". Maldini also placed third in the 1994 Ballon d'Or, behind Stoichkov and compatriot Roberto Baggio, and fifth in the FIFA World Player of the Year Award. The following season, Milan and Maldini captured their third consecutive Supercoppa Italiana under Capello, and won the European Super Cup, missing out on the Intercontinental Cup. After three consecutive titles, Milan were unable to retain their Serie A title, although they reached their third consecutive Champions League final, where they were defeated 1–0 by Ajax.<mask> came second behind future teammate George Weah in the 1995 FIFA World Player of the Year Award for his performances. On 17 February 1995, he made his 300th appearance in Serie A. <mask> was able to capture his fifth Serie A title, and his fourth under Capello, the following season. 1996–2001: Assuming the captaincy, struggles, and 1999 Serie A title
Following Capello's departure, and the aging and retirement of several key players, Milan suffered disappointing results during the next few seasons, undergoing several managerial changes. Milan lost the Supercoppa Italiana to Fiorentina in 1996, and failed to qualify for European competitions for two consecutive seasons, as well as suffering a group stage elimination in the 1996–97 Champions League. Following Franco Baresi's and Mauro Tassotti's retirement after the 1996–97 season, <mask> was appointed Milan's captain. Despite the difficulties Milan encountered during this period, through <mask>'s leadership, they reached the Coppa Italia final in 1998, losing to Lazio, and won the 1998–99 Serie A title under Alberto Zaccheroni, finishing one point ahead of Lazio. He made his 400th Serie A appearance on 25 April 1999.In the 1999–2000 season, Milan lost the Supercoppa Italiana against Parma, finished third in Serie A and finished bottom of their Champions League group. Milan were eliminated in the second round of the Champions League the next season and finished in sixth place in Serie A, failing to qualify for the Champions League, and participated in the UEFA Cup the following season. 2001–2007: New era of success

Milan again became a dominant force in Italy and in Europe under Carlo Ancelotti. In the 2001–02 season, Milan finished in fourth place, qualifying for the Champions League, and also reached their best ever finish in the UEFA Cup, losing in the semi-finals. In 2002, <mask> was awarded the Premio Nazionale Carriera Esemplare "Gaetano Scirea", for his career achievements and personality. The following season, <mask> lined up with Alessandro Nesta, Alessandro Costacurta and Cafu, who, along with Jaap Stam during the 2004–05 season, formed a formidable defensive lineup in Italy and in Europe. Milan finished third in Serie A, but Maldini won the first Coppa Italia of his career, defeating Roma in the final.On 15 March 2003, he made his 500th appearance in Serie A.

Milan won the 2002–03 Champions League with Maldini as their captain for the first time in his career, in the first all-Italian final, against Juventus, on 28 May 2003 at Old Trafford. Maldini helped Milan keep a clean sheet, as they defeated Juventus 3–2 on penalties after a 0–0 deadlock following extra time. On that day, it was exactly 40 years since his father, Cesare, had also lifted the European Cup trophy as Milan's captain, also in England. He and his father are only one of three other father-son pairs to have also done so; the others being Manuel Sanchís Martínez and Manuel Sanchís Hontiyuelo of Real Madrid, and Carles and Sergio Busquets of Barcelona. <mask> was elected Man of the Match and was named in the UEFA Team of the Year for the first time in his career. The following season, Milan were defeated by Juventus on penalties in the Supercoppa Italiana, and in the Intercontinental Cup final by Boca Juniors, once again on penalties, but managed to defeat Porto to capture yet another UEFA Super Cup. <mask> placed third in the 2003 Ballon d'Or for the second time in his career.Maldini went on to captain Milan to win the Serie A title that season, with a record 82 points, whilst Milan were eliminated in the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia by Lazio, and in the quarter-finals of the Champions League by Deportivo de La Coruña. In April 2004, Maldini placed tenth on the UEFA Golden Jubilee Poll, an online UEFA survey, which was organised to commemorate the best European footballers of the past 50 years. Maldini was the second-highest placed Italian after Dino Zoff. Maldini was also included in the FIFA 100 list in 2004, which was a selection of the 125 greatest living footballers, chosen by Pelé. Following his Series A-winning performances, <mask> was elected to be the Serie A Defender of the Year in 2004 at the Italian footballing Awards. Maldini began the next season by lifting the 2004 Supercoppa Italiana as captain after Milan defeated Lazio. Milan finished second in Serie A to Juventus that season, and reached the Champions League final, only to lose out on penalties to Liverpool, although Maldini opened the scoring in the first minute.In 2005, <mask> was elected to be a part of the UEFA Team of the Year for the second time in his career, and was also elected to be the part of the FIFPro World XI for the first time in his career. The following season, Milan finished second behind Juventus in Serie A once again, and reached the Champions League semi-finals, only to be defeated by eventual champions Barcelona. Both Juventus and Milan were later deducted points for being involved in the 2006 "Calciopoli" matchfixing scandal, and the title was awarded to Internazionale, while Juventus were relegated, with Milan finishing in third place after the point deduction. During the season, Maldini scored his first and only double of his career, against Reggina. On 25 September 2005, Maldini broke Dino Zoff's Serie A appearance record after playing his 571st league match against Treviso; seven days earlier, he had played his 800th game in all competitions for Milan. The following season, Maldini helped to captain Milan to a fourth-place finish, despite their point deduction, leading them to obtain a crucial Champions League qualifying spot. Maldini played his 600th Serie A match on 13 May 2007 in a 1–1 draw at Catania.That season, Maldini captained Milan to their third Champions League final in six years, leading them to a 2–1 victory over Liverpool in the final on 23 May 2007 in Athens, avenging their defeat from 2005. At age 38, Maldini became the oldest captain to lift the Champions League trophy. Maldini participated in eight Champions League finals during his career, which is equalled only by Francisco Gento of Real Madrid; Maldini lifted the trophy five times, twice as captain. In an interview with ESPN aired prior to the 2007 final, Maldini labeled the 2005 Champions League final as the worst moment of his career. A match where he scored the fastest-ever goal in a European Cup final after 51 seconds and became the oldest player ever to score in a final, Milan lost on penalties to Liverpool after leading 3–0 at half-time. Maldini was elected the UEFA Club Defender of the Year for his 2007 performances. In 2007, after Milan won the UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla (although Maldini did not appear in the match), Maldini became the first European captain to lift the FIFA Club World Cup after defeating Boca Juniors on 16 December.He announced his plans to retire at the end of the 2007–08 season, saying that he would do so with "no regrets". Following Milan's elimination from the Champions League by Arsenal in March, however, Maldini stated that he would possibly delay his retirement for at least a further year. He signed an extension on 6 June that kept him at Milan for the 2008–09 season. 2008–2009: Final years and retirement

On 16 February 2008, in the match against Parma at the Stadio Ennio Tardini, Maldini came on for defender Marek Jankulovski to make his 1,000th professional career appearance, of which 861 were with Milan, 12 with the Italy under-21 side, 1 with the Italian Olympic team and 126 with the Italy senior team. In European football, only the English goalkeeper Peter Shilton had collected more appearances at the time: 1,390 between 1966 and 1997. Maldini played his last game in the Champions League on 4 March 2008, a 2–0 loss at the San Siro in the last 16 against Arsenal which eliminated Milan from the 2007–08 Champions League. In 2008, <mask>into Facchetti, which is awarded to a player who was demonstrated both skill and fair play throughout his career.On 18 April 2009, <mask> announced that he would retire at the end of the 2008–09 season. On 17 May 2009, in the Stadio Friuli, <mask> played his 900th official match for Milan in a league game against Udinese. <mask>'s last match in San Siro was on 24 May, a 3–2 loss against Roma, and was given a standing ovation by the fans. There was a small controversy, however,

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