title: Pino Rucher

texts:
<mask> (1 January 1924 – 16 August 1996) was an Italian guitarist active in orchestral settings and in film soundtracks. Biographical notes and musical career

Early life
Rucher started playing the guitar when his father came back from the United States in 1933 and presented him with a guitar. His parents decided that he should take private music lessons. After a few years’ study, he started playing in public in his hometown and in Naples and Bari. American influence
The presence of American troops in the province of Foggia (and particularly in the area of Manfredonia, Rucher's hometown), between 1943 and 1946 led to Rucher joining several Allied Army's orchestras, where he came into contact with American musical atmosphere and jazz. In 1946, Rucher entered the Carlo Vitale orchestra after coming first in a competition for the position of guitarist at Radio Bari. After the dissolution of the Vitale orchestra, Rucher went to work for Radio Milano as a member of the Carlo Zeme orchestra.In the 1950s and the early 1960s he also worked with two forerunners of Italian "swing", Pippo Barzizza and Cinico Angelini. Angelini Orchestra
Angelini selected Rucher as a member of his orchestra, with which Rucher worked for about ten years. He participated in events including the First International Song Festival in Venice in 1955 and several San Remo Music Festivals, among which the 1957 Festival, where Claudio Villa came first with Corde della mia chitarra. <mask> Rucher collaborations
Rucher took part in many musical events and radio and television broadcasts (San Remo Music Festivals, Naples Festivals, Festival delle rose, Mostra Internazionale di Musica Leggera in Venice, Canzonissima, Gran varietà, Studio Uno) playing in a number of orchestras and, at the same time, went on cultivating his passion for American music, as can be seen from his transcriptions, with his own arrangements. He devoted himself to jazz and performed in live concerts or in studios under the direction of many conductors. The influence of American music can be noticed from his performance of Italian songs E se domani, Una zebra a pois (sung by Mina) and Amore twist (sung by Rita Pavone). He also worked for orchestra conductor and composer Elvio Monti, who asked him to play in a number of his recordings.Rucher played the guitar in L’Estasi, a composition written by Monti for Andrea Giordana and Marina Solinas. Rucher took part in Sorella Radio, a production with the RAI orchestra. From the second half of the 1970s to December 1983, Rucher was engaged in playing in concerts as a guitarist in the RAI orchestra Ritmi moderni, which came to be known as the RAI Big Band. In 1984, owing to health problems, he stopped working for RAI, left Rome and retired. Other activities
Rucher performed in film soundtracks from the late 1950s to the mid 1970s, with at least two hundred performances including those under the direction of orchestra conductors Luis Bacalov, Gianni Ferrio, Elvio Monti, Ennio Morricone, and Riz Ortolani. Rucher was the first guitarist to play the electric guitar in Italian westerns, performing as "electric guitar soloist" in A Fistful of Dollars. Rucher also appears in some shots from Sanremo - La grande sfida, a 1960 movie including scenes from the San Remo Music Festival.During his career he took part in musicals including Alleluja brava gente and his guitar ideas are present in numerous Italian songs, including Casetta in Canadà (sung by Carla Boni), Flamenco Rock (Milva), Se non ci fossi tu (Mina), Andavo a cento all’ora (Gianni Morandi), Che m’importa del mondo (Rita Pavone), L’edera (Nilla Pizzi) and Adesso no (Neil Sedaka). Rucher played not only the electric guitar, but also the folk (or acoustic), the classical, the bass and the twelve-string guitar, and then the banjo, the mandolin and the double bass. Awards
 The Municipal Authority of Manfredonia dedicated a street to Rucher. On 5 October 2008, the local authorities supported a commemorative event to Rucher in his home town. The event took place in Piazza Giovanni XXIII (Manfredonia's central square). On 16 October 2010, the Municipal Authorities of Manfredonia and of San Nicandro Garganico dedicated a special evening to Rucher. The event took place at the Cine-Teatro Italia of San Nicandro Garganico.- Music: Marcello Gigante - Musical direction: Carlo Esposito
 1968 - Eva la venere selvaggia - Music: Roberto Pregadio - Jungle shake - Eva’s beguine
 1968 - E intorno a lui fu morte - Music: Carlo Savina
 1968 - Top Sensation - Music: Sante Romitelli - Musical direction: Luigi Zito - Scene in which Beba is taken in
 1969 - Metti, una sera a cena - Music: Ennio Morricone
 1969 - Femina ridens - Music: Stelvio Cipriani - Love symbol
 1969 - Kommissar X – Drei goldene Schlangen - Music: Roberto Pregadio
 1969 - Kidnapping! Paga o uccidiamo tuo figlio - Music: Michele Lacerenza
 1969 - L’isola delle svedesi - Music: Roberto Pregadio
 1969 - Una su 13 - Music: Stelvio Cipriani, Carlo Rustichelli
 1970 - The Underground (Il clandestino) - Music: Roberto Pregadio
 1970 - Franco e Ciccio sul sentiero di guerra - Music: Roberto Pregadio - Marcia indiana - Prega Dio
 1970 - Deserto di fuoco - Music: Franco Bixio, Roberto Pregadio
 1971 - Testa t'ammazzo, croce... sei morto... Mi chiamano Alleluja - Music: Stelvio Cipriani - La verde prateria
 1971 - I diabolici convegni - Music: Carlo Savina
 1971 - Questo sporco mondo meraviglioso - Music: Piero Umiliani
 1971 - Lo chiamavano King - Music: Luis Enriquez Bacalov
 1971 - Mazzabubù... Quante corna stanno quaggiù? Faentina, 2008, p. 103
 Francesco , Pino Rucher, con la sua chitarra wawa dalla trilogia del dollaro alla Carrà..., in l'Attacco (Foggia), 3 October 2008, p. 19
 Michele , Omaggio a Pino Rucher grande chitarrista scomparso, in il Provinciale (Foggia), XX (2008), n° 10 (October), p. 3
 Maurizio , Pino Rucher, in Dizionario Biografico di Capitanata: 1900-2008, Foggia, Edizioni Agorà, 2009, pp. 252–3
 Fernando , Pino Rucher, in Raro!. Mensile di collezionismo, cultura musicale e cinema (Roma), XXI (2010), n° 217 (January), pp. 42–45
 a.m.v., Il ricordo del chitarrista Pino Rucher, in La Gazzetta di Capitanata - La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, 8 January 2010, p. 10
 Adriano , Il jazz in Italia: dallo swing agli anni sessanta, vol. II, Torino, EDT, 2010, [Pino Rucher mentioned on pp.321, 348, 458]
 Anna Lucia , La musica rende omaggio alla chitarra dei «western», in La Gazzetta di Capitanata - La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, 11 October 2010, p. 1
 Anna Lucia , L'omaggio alla chitarra dei «western», in La Gazzetta di Capitanata - La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno, 11 October 2010, p. 11
 Dario , Ciao Pregadio, maestro di musica e di vita, in Il Tempo (Roma) - Edizione Abruzzo e Molise, 16 November 2010, p. 54
 Lucia , Manfredonia ingrata dimentica Pino Rucher, il chitarrista di Sergio Leone, in l'Attacco (Foggia), 27 September 2011, p. 16
 Mario , Le Bon, la Brute et le Truand - Coups de feu dans la Sierra Leone (2 partie) in Séquences. La revue de cinéma (Haute-Ville, Québec, Canada), LIX (2014), n° 291 (January–August), pp. 26–27 [<mask> Rucher mentioned on p. 27]
 Federico , Cicognini, Rota, Lavagnino, Savina, Trovajoli: tecniche di post-produzione a confronto in Musica/Tecnologia (Firenze), n° 8-9 (2014-2015), pp. 39–55 [<mask> Rucher mentioned on p. 46]
 Germano , Voci dal lontano West italiano, in Raropiù.

masks:
Pino Rucher
Pino
Pino
Pino


title: Francesco di Giorgio Martini

type: original

texts:
<mask>  (1439–1501) was an Italian architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and writer. As a painter, he belonged to the Sienese School. He was considered a visionary architectural theorist—in Nikolaus Pevsner's terms: "one of the most interesting later Quattrocento architects". As a military engineer, he executed architectural designs and sculptural projects and built almost seventy fortifications for the Federico da Montefeltro, Count (later Duke) of Urbino, building city walls and early examples of star-shaped fortifications. Born in Siena, he apprenticed as a painter with Vecchietta. In panels painted for cassoni he departed from the traditional representations of joyful wedding processions in frieze-like formulas to express visions of ideal, symmetrical, vast and all but empty urban spaces rendered in perspective. He composed an architectural treatise Trattato di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare, the third of the Quattrocento, after Leone Battista Alberti's and Filarete's; he worked on it for decades and finished sometime after 1482; it circulated in manuscript.The projects were well in advance of completed projects at the time, but innovations, for example in staircase planning, running in flights and landings round an open center, or dividing at a landing to return symmetrically on each wall, became part of architectural vocabulary in the following century. The third book is preoccupied with the "ideal" city, constrained within star-shaped polygonal geometries reminiscent of the star fort, whose wedge-shaped bastions are said to have been his innovation. <mask> <mask> finished his career as architect in charge of the works at the Duomo di Siena, where his bronze angels are on the high altar and some marble floor mosaics are attributed to his designs. The design of the church of San Sebastiano in Vallepiatta in Siena is also attributed to him. <mask>'s painting of the "Madonna and Child with 2 Angels" is found at the Lowe Art Museum in Coral Gables, Florida. Biography

Early life (1439–1470)
Born sometime in 1439 in Siena to a poultry dealer, <mask> <mask> <mask> was baptized on September 23, 1439. Not much is known about his youth, except that he is assumed to have been a student of Vecchietta due to similarities in style between <mask>'s early paintings and those of the master.The first record of his work as an artist is from 1464, when at age 25 he was paid 12 lire for a statue of John the Baptist. He was married two times in quick succession when his first wife, Cristofana, died shortly after they were married in 1467. On January 26, 1469 he married Agnese, the daughter of <mask> Benedetto <mask>, and possibly a relative of Neroccio <mask> de<mask>, with whom <mask> shared a studio and an artistic partnership during these years. Early work in Siena (1471–1475)
<mask>'s early years as a professional artist, architect, and engineer were full of a variety of projects. On top of various artistic commissions that he completed during this time, he and another engineer were given a contract by Siena to work on its aqueduct and fountain system, with the goal of adding about a third more water to the city's water supply. They were able to enlarge the fountain in the Piazza del Campo and make other improvements around the city, successfully fulfilling their contract in 1473. During this period, <mask> was also working with assistants on The Coronation of the Virgin for the Santa Maria della Scala (Siena), a large painted altarpiece.Sienese records from 1471 describe an episode in which the artist and nine others broke into the Monastery of the Holy Saviour outside Siena and "behaved dishonorably" once inside. They were sentenced to be banished from the city for three months, or to pay a 25 lire fine, which <mask> paid. Urbino (1475–1484)

During the mid-1470s, <mask> came into the employ of Federico da Montefeltro, Duke of Urbino. He created multiple artistic works for the Duke, including the bronze relief Deposition from the Cross and served as an architect and engineer for the duke during the Pazzi conspiracy. In the fighting between Italian city-states which followed, <mask> constructed a series of great fortifications for his patron. This source of employment for <mask> continued after da Montefeltro's death with his son the new duke. Architectural work also came to <mask> through his employment with the Duke, including what is probably his most famous building, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio in Cortona.The church was challenging to design due to the steep incline of its location, but <mask>'s skill with engineering and architecture allowed him to design a solid building which still stands. Return to Siena and Later Career (1485–1500)

Letters from 1485 reveal that the Sienese government wrote to <mask> <mask> to request that he return to his native city and embark on the design and construction of public buildings. He did return to the city in 1486 and began receiving an annual salary of 800 florins for his position as official city engineer in which he would inspect all engineering projects throughout Siena. <mask> also completed artistic projects for the city, such as the candle-holding angel sculptures which he contributed to the altar at the Opera del Duomo. This time was one of prosperity and popularity for <mask>, whose presence and expertise were fought over by the rulers of several city-states, particularly Siena and Urbino. His tax documents from 1488 show material wealth as well as familial wealth in the form of six children. In 1490 he was commissioned by the government of Milan to produce a model for dome of the Milan Cathedral.This project led him to journey to the site of the cathedral, where he met Leonardo da Vinci who had also been hired to consult on the building. <mask> apparently provided useful advice to the constructors of the cathedral, and was paid 100 florins for his trouble. His expertise as a war engineer came into play again during the Italian War of 1494–98, when he was in the employ of <mask> II of Naples. He used tunnels and explosives in what is considered the pioneering use of mining technology for warfare. In 1499 <mask> was elected the capomaestro of the Opera del Duomo. Death (1501)
<mask> <mask> died at the age of 62 outside Siena in 1501 or early 1502, having retired to the countryside mid-1501. His widow spent most of the rest of her life embroiled in legal battles related to the late architect's estate.See also
 Taccola, Sienese Renaissance engineer

Notes

Further reading
 Bertrand Gille, 1978. Les Ingénieurs de la Renaissance, Thèse Histoire, Paris, 1960. Seuil, in series Points Sciences)
 Marc van den Broek, 2018. Leonardo da Vincis Erfindungsgeister, Eine Spurensuche NA-Verlag Mainz, 2018. External links

 Browsable online archive of digitized images at Biblioteca Leonardiana (e-Leo)
 Palladio's Literary Predecessors
 Web Gallery of Art Biography on <mask> <mask>i
 The Gubbio Studiolo and its conservation, volumes 1 & 2, from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on <mask> <mask> (see index)

1439 births
1501 deaths
15th-century Italian architects
15th-century Italian painters
15th-century Italian writers
16th-century Italian painters
16th-century Italian writers
16th-century male writers
Italian architecture writers
Italian Renaissance architects
Italian Renaissance painters
Italian male painters
Italian male non-fiction writers
Quattrocento painters
Painters from Siena
Medieval military writers

masks:
Francesco di Giorgio Martini
Francesco di
Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Francesco Maurizio
di Giorgio
di Martino
Di Giorgio
Antonio di
di Neroccio
di Bartolomeo
' Landi
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Francesco di
Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Di Giorgio
Ferdinand
Di Giorgio
Francesco di
Giorgio
Francesco di
Giorgio Martin
Francesco di
Giorgio


title: Frank Corrado

texts:
<mask> (born March 26, 1993) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently a free agent. <mask> was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the fifth round, 150th overall, of the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. He signed a three-year entry level contract with the Canucks after a successful training camp. <mask> would spend 4 years within the Canucks organization before being claimed by the Toronto Maple Leafs in October, 2015. Playing career

<mask> played with the Vaughan Kings minor midget AAA team in the GTHL during the 2008–09 season where he scored 15 goals and added 33 assists in 62 games. He was selected by the Sudbury Wolves in the second round, 25th overall, in the OHL Priority Draft. In his rookie season in the Ontario Hockey League, <mask> played in 63 games, scoring 1 goal.He followed that up by playing 67 of 68 regular season games in the following season. His offensive output more than tripled as he registered 4 goals and 30 points. He then added another goal and four assists in eight playoff games. <mask> was selected by the Vancouver Canucks in the fifth round, 150th overall, in the 2011 NHL Entry Draft. After a successful first NHL training camp with the Canucks, <mask> signed his 3-year entry level contract with the Canucks on September 23, 2011 before being returned to Sudbury. <mask> made his professional hockey debut on April 7, 2012 with the Chicago Wolves after Sudbury was eliminated from the OHL playoffs. <mask> appeared in four regular season games, registering one assist.He also played in two playoff games before Chicago was eliminated from the playoffs by San Antonio. On January 8, 2013, <mask> was traded from the Sudbury Wolves to the Kitchener Rangers. On April 15, 2013, <mask> was assigned to the Chicago Wolves. Professional

Vancouver Canucks
On April 22, 2013, <mask> made his NHL debut against the Chicago Blackhawks. He logged 17:20 of ice time and had three hits. The Canucks kept <mask> for their opening round playoff sweep by the San Jose Sharks, thus eating the first year of his Entry Level Contract. He scored his first career NHL goal on April 14, 2014 on a wrist shot against goaltender Karri Rämö of the Calgary Flames.Toronto Maple Leafs
On October 5, 2015, the Canucks placed <mask> on waivers. He was claimed by the Toronto Maple Leafs the following day. When commenting on the matter, <mask> said it was a "dream come true" to play for his hometown team. <mask> would however remain a healthy scratch for 10 weeks, finally making his Toronto debut on December 15, 2015, in a 5–4 overtime loss to the Tampa Bay Lightning (<mask> had spent two weeks with the Marlies as part of a conditioning stint during this near 3-month span). This prolonged wait is likely attributed to the Maple Leafs' desire for <mask> to improve his strength in the gym, as well as an overabundance of defencemen on the roster. On July 25, 2016, <mask> signed a 1-year, $600 000 with the Toronto Maple Leafs. The 2016–17 campaign again saw <mask> a frequent healthy scratch, though this time he saw even less playing time.<mask> had played just one game by the new year, admitting he was frustrated with his role as the team's "bench warmer." In mid December, <mask> made controversial comments stating that he wasn't playing because head coach Mike Babcock wasn't fond of him, though general manager Lou Lamoriello did comfort him on the situation. The comments brought return remarks from Babcock and significant fan and media attention to <mask>'s situation, sparking a "Free Corrado" social media campaign. In an effort to receive more playing time, he was loaned to the Marlies for a seven-game conditioning stint. <mask> would play one more game on January 19 (due to an injury to Morgan Rielly), but a poor performance resulted in him being a further healthy scratch. On February 4, following the acquisition of fellow right handed defenceman Alexei Marchenko via waivers, the Maple Leafs placed <mask> on waivers for the purpose of sending him to the AHL. General manager Lou Lamoriello stated he hoped <mask> was selected off waivers, saying he deserved an opportunity to play in the NHL.However, he cleared the following day. Pittsburgh Penguins
<mask> played with the Marlies until the March 1 NHL Trade Deadline, where he was sent to the Pittsburgh Penguins in exchange for Eric Fehr, Steven Oleksy and a 2017 fourth round pick. He was directly assigned to AHL affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. On December 7, 2017, he was recalled from the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins to replace Justin Schultz who was placed on Injured Reserve. <mask>'s tenure in Pittsburgh was characterized by injury issues. Return to AHL
At the conclusion of his contract with the Penguins, <mask> was not tendered a contract resulting in unrestricted free agent status. <mask> was un-signed over the summer and leading into the 2018–19 season, before opting to sign a standard AHL one-year playing contract in a return to the Toronto Marlies on October 22, 2018.As an unsigned free agent the following off-season, <mask> continued his professional career in the AHL for the 2019–20 season, agreeing to a professional tryout contract with the Belleville Senators, affiliate of the Ottawa Senators, on October 26, 2019. He was later signed to a one-year AHL deal with the Senators, appearing in 36 games for 10 assists before the season was cancelled due to COVID-19. Europe
As an impending free agent, <mask> opted to pursue a career abroad, agreeing to a one-year contract with Swedish club, Modo Hockey of the second tier HockeyAllsvenskan on June 1, 2020. In the following 2020–21 season, <mask> re-established his offensive acumen from the blueline, registering 4 goals and 17 points through 34 regular season games with Modo. On May 10, 2021, <mask> left Sweden as a free agent, signing a contract with Latvian based club, Dinamo Riga of the KHL. After seven games with Riga, <mask> and the team mutually agreed to contract termination after <mask> discovered an injury. Personal life
<mask> is of Italian descent.Growing up, he was a fan of the Toronto Maple Leafs. In a November 2021 interview, <mask> stated that he still cheered for the team despite his mixed tenure with the club, and watches Maple Leafs games on television when he is able to. Career statistics

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Belleville Senators players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of Italian descent
Chicago Wolves players
Sportspeople from Toronto
Kitchener Rangers players
Modo Hockey players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Sudbury Wolves players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Toronto Marlies players
Utica Comets players
Vancouver Canucks draft picks
Vancouver Canucks players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players

masks:
Frank Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Junior Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Frank Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado
Corrado


title: Hamish Blake

texts:
<mask> (born 11 December 1981) is an Australian comedian, actor, and author from Melbourne, Victoria. Since 2003, he has worked with Andy Lee as part of the comedy duo <mask> and Andy. The pair have performed live and on television and radio, most notably with their drive-time radio program Hamish & Andy. As a solo performer, <mask> has appeared on various Australian television programs, including the Melbourne International Comedy Festival's televised 2008 Great Debate, and has been a regular guest on Spicks and Specks, Rove and Thank God You're Here. In April 2012, <mask> and Lee won a Logie Award for their television program Hamish and Andy's Gap Year. Individually, <mask> also won the Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television. Early life
<mask> grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Glen Waverley.He is a middle child; his older brother, Lachlan, is a solicitor, and his sister, Sophie, has completed an arts degree. His parents, Noel and Kerry, separated when <mask> was 17, with his father eventually remarrying. As a child, <mask> says he was a fan of British comedy such as Monty Python, Fawlty Towers and Blackadder; as a teenager he "worshipped" comedians Tony Martin and Mick Molloy. <mask> was a member of the National Boys Choir of Australia during the late 1980s. He attended primary school at Glen Waverley South Primary, high school at Caulfield Grammar School and later at St Leonard's College, graduating in 1999. After a gap year, <mask> enrolled at the University of Melbourne in a Science/Commerce double degree. "I'm interested in artificial intelligence and computer science.That stuff still fascinates me," he says. However, a few weeks into the semester, he met Andy Lee: "That was the turning point. The wheels quickly fell off my academic career." <mask> eventually dropped out of university to pursue a career in comedy alongside Lee. <mask>'s first experience with comedy was when he entered a competition at university. He was broke at the time, and hoped to win the $500 first prize. His stand-up performance earned him third place and qualified him for a statewide universities' final, which he did win.Career

<mask> and Andy

<mask> <mask> has collaborated with fellow comedian Andy Lee as the duo <mask> and Andy since 2003, when they performed their breakout show at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival, a stage production about a trip they had taken to North Queensland in <mask>'s old car. Soon after, they trained with SYN Radio, gaining a drive-time shift, and created a show called Radio Karate for RMITV on community-access television station Channel 31, which they created in collaboration with Ryan Shelton and several other school friends. Radio Karate won an Antenna Award for best comedy program at the inaugural National Community Television Awards in February 2004, and one month later were offered a national comedy program on Australia's Seven Network. The Hamish and Andy Show premiered on the Seven Network in March 2005, but failed to achieve ratings success and was cancelled after two weeks. Reviewers acknowledged the duo's talent, but criticised the show as "poorly executed". <mask> says that while working on the show was a fun experience, they had little control over what happened and the way it went forward. Following the cancellation of The Hamish and Andy Show, they created a short mockumentary titled The Greystone 2800 about a couple who accidentally bought an open display home after failing to read the fine print on a housing purchase.The film won the Melbourne Comedy Festival Short Film competition and attracted the attention of comedian Rove McManus. This led to some small spots on McManus' Network Ten show Rove Live. McManus's company, Roving Enterprises, also helped the duo develop Real Stories, a mock current affairs show that aired on Network Ten in 2006. <mask> says that the experience of creating Real Stories was much more enjoyable than The Hamish and Andy Show because they had greater control over the series. <mask> and Lee wrote, acted, directed, filmed, and produced the show with input from Ryan Shelton and Tim Bartley. In 2006, <mask> and Lee debuted a national drive-time radio show titled Hamish & Andy on the Today Network. The show quickly gained popularity, finishing 2006 with almost one million Melbourne listeners, ahead of 3AW's popular radio host Derryn Hinch.As of August 2008, <mask> and Lee's show was rating number one in four out of Australia's five major capital cities. As of the beginning of 2009, the show is broadcast in all capital cities as well as many regional centres across the country. In September 2008, it was announced that they would make a guest appearance on Ten's Are You Smarter Than A Fifth Grader?, which is hosted by Rove McManus. In the same year they also made a guest appearance on the Australian soap opera Neighbours. On Wednesday 19 November at 7.30 pm, 2008, <mask> and Andy aired their own one-time episode, brought to you by Rove: Hamish & Andy Re-Gifted: A Very Early Christmas Special. This was to re-present everything they had accomplished in 2008 on Rove. <mask> and Andy have also appeared on Channel Ten's Good News Week and The 7PM Project several times.He is a founding member of Rock-Insult band, Coolboys and the Frontman, along with Andy Lee and Jack Post. Solo work
<mask> has appeared on various Australian television series, including Spicks and Specks, Thank God You're Here, Twentysomething, Australia's Brainiest Comedian, The Librarians, The Panel, Rove, Talkin' 'bout your Generation and The Footy Show. He has also featured in the British version of Thank God You're Here. In 2008 he was a speaker for the negative team in the Melbourne International Comedy Festival's annual televised Great Debate. He has a monthly column in the Australian women's magazine Cosmopolitan. He was also the winner of the TV Fugly Award for Spunkiest Male TV Personality in 2008. <mask> <mask> was voted the comedian of the year in 2007 by the Eather corporation.His compatriot Andy Lee was placed 14th for 2007. <mask> also came first in 'Television's most powerful celebrity' for 2009, Lee came 19th. On 20 January 2010, it was announced <mask> would be writing a column for the Herald Sun. <mask>, along with Zoe Foster, has written a book on dating called "Textbook Romance". After retiring from his daily radio show, <mask> has taken on several side projects. In 2011, <mask> made an appearance in the ABC comedy, Twentysomething, starring real-life best friends Jess Harris and Josh Schmidt. He also co-starred in his first feature film with Bret McKenzie of Flight of the Conchords, Two Little Boys, shot in New Zealand
Hamish jokes: "I don't feel comfortable about cheating on Andy but now it's all out there.We've always had an open comedic relationship, but it was for one-night stands only, with no exchange of phone numbers. I've heard them [Andy and Jemaine Clement, Bret's comedic partner] whispering on the phone, plotting to do their own movie to release on the same day to sink ours." Personal life

<mask> is married to Zoe Foster. They have two children. Filmography

Actor

As himself

Writer

EJ Whitten Legends match
In 2008 and 2009, <mask> and working partner Lee played in the EJ Whittens Legends Game. Lee played for Victoria and <mask> played for the All Stars. <mask> scored the winning goal for the All Stars in 2008, and two goals in 2009.Mr. New York State 2011
As part of a stunt for the TV series <mask> and Andy's Gap Year, Andy entered <mask> into the Mr. New York State bodybuilding competition in the Heavyweight division. Due to a technicality in which <mask> was the only contestant over 200 pounds (the minimum requirement for a Heavyweight contender), he was awarded the title of Mr. New York State 2011 in the Heavyweight division. Awards and nominations

See also
 List of Caulfield Grammar School people

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
<mask> & Andy
Australian radio personalities
Australian men podcasters
Australian podcasters
Australian male comedians
People educated at Caulfield Grammar School
Comedians from Melbourne
Gold Logie winners
Australian game show hosts
RMITV alumni

masks:
Hamish Donald Blake
Hamish
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Hamish
Hamish
Blake
Hamish
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Hamish
Hamish
Blake
Hamish
Blake
Blake
Hamish
Hamish
Hamish
Blake
Hamish
Blake
Blake
Blake
Hamish
Hamish
Blake
Hamish


title: Kal David

texts:
"<mask>" <mask> (born June 15, 1943) is an American blues guitarist, singer and songwriter, whose 50-year musical career in Illinois, New York and California extended through various phases, including a highly regarded stint with Columbia Records in the early 1970s. Early years (1960s and 1970s)
Born in Chicago, Illinois, United States, <mask> began using the performing name "<mask>" in his late teens as the frontman of his neighborhood band, <mask> and the Exceptions, formed in 1962. Its other members were Peter Cetera (bass, vocals), Denny Ebert (drums, vocals), and Marty Grebb (saxophone, keyboards, guitar, vocals). Cetera later joined the Big Thing, which became Chicago, and Grebb joined the Buckinghams. Around this time <mask> and the Exceptions were regular performers at the Interlude Club on Pulaski in Chicago. <mask> left the group to sign a recording contract with King Records and, later, with Vee-Jay Records. In 1965, during his stint at Vee-Jay, he formed a new duo, The Rovin' Kind, with guitarist Paul Cotton, and the two transferred to Dunwich Records.Following a name change to Illinois Speed Press and a move to Los Angeles in 1968, the duo recorded two albums for Columbia, the self-titled Illinois Speed Press and Duet. In the early 1970s, as Cotton joined the band Poco as its lead guitarist, <mask> decided to leave the West Coast for the East and moved to Woodstock, the small-town/rural New York area, in the vicinity of previous year's iconic Festival. His new group, The Fabulous Rhinestones featuring ex-Electric Flag bassist Harvey Brooks and ex-Buckinghams' keyboard player Marty Grebb, recorded three albums: Fabulous Rhinestones, Freewheelin'  (on Paramount Records) and Rhinestones (on 20th Century Records). Friends advised him to visit a club in Woodstock and it was there that he met his future wife, vocalist Lauri Bono, who subsequently accompanied him back to Los Angeles for the next phase of their career, doing sidework for Etta James and Johnny Rivers. Later phase (1980s through 2000s)
In the early 1980s, <mask> played lead guitar for John Mayall on an album which would be released a decade later. Two albums for SoulCoast Records, Never a Dull Moment and Double Tuff each met with critical acclaim and worldwide record sales coupled with numerous television appearances, including a one-hour special featuring <mask> in Germany. At Hollywood's China Club, the Kal David Band headed up the weekly Pro-Jam which drew celebrity performers such as Stevie Wonder, Bobby Brown, John Entwistle, Larry Carlton, Brian Wilson, Stephen Stills, Joe Walsh and Paul Young, as well as blues musicians Sam Taylor and Floyd Dixon.The early 1990s saw <mask> and Bono move to Palm Springs, California and form yet another band, <mask> <mask> and the Real Deal. This group featured both <mask> and Bono on vocals, along with former Chaka Khan musical director Tony Patler on Hammond B-3 organ and drummer Alan Diaz, formerly with Sérgio Mendes. <mask> tried local radio, hosting the late night "Blue Monday" blues show on Palm Springs soft rock station KEZN. On July 14, 1998, the couple opened the Blue Guitar blues club above the Plaza Theatre in Palm Springs, which lasted six years, closing in 2004. <mask> and Bono continued to tour and frequently played at B.B. King's Blues Club in Los Angeles and the Mohegan Sun Resort and Casino in Connecticut. <mask> is the voice of 'Sonny Eclipse', a singing alien audio-animatronic, who resides at Cosmic Ray's Starlight Cafe at the Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World.He did another performance for Disney World at Epcot, where he performed the "Unhealthy Living Blues" for the Goofy About Health exhibit at the Wonders of Life pavilion. <mask> now performs every Monday and Thursday evening at Oscars in Palm Springs, California. Honors
In 2004, a Golden Palm Star on the Walk of Stars was dedicated to <mask> <mask> and Lauri Bono. Discography
 Paragon - <mask> <mask> and Lauri Bono (2018) Take That Task Records
 Living the Dream  - <mask> <mask> and Lauri Bono (2015) Crytone/CD Baby
 Kal <mask> Band LIVE! Gibson Firebird III Custom
 1998 Fender Vibroverb
 2000 Mesa Maverick Combo
 1955 Vintage Gibson Echoplex

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> official website, tour schedule and discography
 Exceptions to the rules: The pre-Chicago bands
 WDW Radio Interview
<mask> <mask> Interview - NAMM Oral History Library (2016)

1943 births
Living people
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American male singers
Singers from Chicago
Songwriters from Illinois
John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers members
People from Woodstock, New York
Guitarists from Chicago
20th-century American guitarists

masks:
Kal
David Raskin
David Raskin
Kal David
Kal David
Kal David
Kal David
David
David
David
David
Kal
David
David
David
David
David
David
Kal
David
Kal
David
Kal
David
David
Kal
David
Kal
David


title: Leopold Kessler (Zionist)

texts:
<mask> (1864–1944) was an engineer, newspaper publisher and Zionist. He was instrumental in building many of the institutions that supported the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state. Early life
<mask> was born on February 4, 1864, into a family that had been settled for some 250 years in Gliwice, Upper Silesia: then part of Prussia, now part of Poland. He was the youngest of five children of <mask> and Johanna Feig. His maternal grandfather was Jacob Feig, one of the first Jews permitted to settle in nearby Tarnowitz. <mask> studied at the Mining Academy in Freiberg and joined the German Student Corps' Teutonia chapter. However, he left because of anti-Semitism and because he did not agree with his fellow members' drinking and brawling.He spent a year at the Royal School of Mines in Berlin before returning to Freiberg to complete his studies. Afterward, he left Germany, because he no longer wanted to live in a country where Jews were treated as second-class citizens. <mask> became a mining engineer in Rhodesia before going in 1896 to the Transvaal to become general manager of a mine. Introduction to Zionism
<mask> wrote in his unfinished autobiography that when he read the booklet "The Jewish State" by Theodor Herzl, he felt he had discovered the solution to the problems that had troubled him in his student days. From then on, he declared himself to be a Zionist and became one of the earliest Zionist pioneers in South Africa. In 1899, he became president of the Transvaal Zionist Association and went to Basel, Switzerland, for the first time. He caused a stir at the Third Zionist Congress, where Jews from all over the world had rallied to Herzl’s call.<mask> was "greeted with enthusiastic applause" after presenting practical ideas for the Congress's Finance Commission, and was elected a member of the Greater Actions Committee. In 1900, he made an exploratory trip to Palestine, where he stayed for several months, looking at the geographical, agricultural, and political conditions of the area. He prepared a detailed report for Herzl on the prospects of discovering natural resources such as coal and oil. He suggested publishing an Arabic newspaper and argued that Herzl should petition the Turks to remove the obstacles preventing Jewish immigration to Palestine. <mask> declared that "optimism, Jewish energy, endurance and intellect, combined with a steady immigration into the country, would lead to the factual recognition of the historical claims of the Jews to Palestine". Herzl, however, was of the opinion that mass migration should only occur once a charter had been agreed upon. <mask> settled in London and attended the Fifth Zionist Congress in 1901.There, he was appointed secretary and became a member of the Colonization Commission. By this time, Herzl regarded <mask> as a friend and counsellor. When Herzl outlined his plan for obtaining a charter from the Turkish sultan, which required the financial and moral support of Cecil Rhodes of South Africa, <mask> offered to secure that support. However, Rhodes died soon afterward, in March 1902. El Arish proposal

In October 1902, Herzl met with the British colonial secretary, Joseph Chamberlain, and England tentatively offered El Arish in the Sinai Peninsula for Jewish colonisation. This would lead, years later, to the Balfour Declaration. During the negotiations, Herzl had <mask> in mind to participate in the expedition.Oskar Marmorek, an Austro-Hungarian Zionist, appealed to <mask>: "I know of no-one who could equal you and your knowledge for our expedition. It is therefore your duty, as a loyal comrade, to make the almost impossible, possible." Herzl received a document about El Arish from the British foreign secretary, Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, and noted in his diary that it suggested Marmorek, an architect; <mask>, an engineer; and Otto Warburg, an agricultural expert, for the expedition. Petty-Fitzmaurice wrote that in <mask>, he saw a "coolness and calmness" he admired, and that "because of his composure, I like <mask> very well as the leader" of the expedition. Herzl instructed <mask> to return with a report on the feasibility of settling El Arish. With that report, he hoped to obtain the charter. In a letter dated January 28, 1902, Herzl authorised <mask>’s leadership of the expedition and laid out his role and responsibilities.Other members of the expedition included Selig Soskin, an agricultural expert, and Hillel Yaffe, a physician to the Jewish colonies in Palestine. <mask> had become friendly with these men during his visit to Palestine in 1900. Also on the team were Marmorek; Albert Goldsmid, a colonel who had taken over Baron Maurice de Hirsch’s Jewish colonies in Argentina in 1892–93; Emile Laurent, a professor at the Agricultural Institute at Gembloux; H. Stephens, an engineer, to investigate water problems; and a representative of the Egyptian government. <mask> himself was chief of the expedition, treasurer, and geological expert. The team toured the area from February 11 to March 25, 1903. The report signed by <mask> and the other members concluded that the project depended on water supply and, therefore, that the Egyptian government should give permission to divert some water from the Nile. The Egyptian government, calculating that the plan would require five times the amount of water Stephens had estimated, turned down the proposal.<mask>, in a supplementary report, stressed that colonisation could be carried out without Nile waters (by damming wadis, sinking wells, etc. ), and Stephens reiterated his calculations with fresh evidence, but permission was once more refused. <mask> and Goldsmid then pursued futile political discussions with Egypt. Uganda proposal

After the El Arish plan failed, the British government offered Uganda for Jewish colonisation. There was enthusiasm for the proposal at the Sixth Zionist Congress, which voted by a large margin to set up a commission to investigate the possibilities of the territory. <mask> led the nine elected members of the commission, including Warburg, Joseph Cowen, L.J. Greenberg, and Chaim Weizmann.On September 27, 1903, he wrote to Herzl that he considered it almost "hopeless to attempt to establish a purely European colony in the heart of Africa". <mask>’s correspondence with Herzl and Warburg shows that <mask> was convinced that without Jewish enthusiasm, it would be impossible to establish a Jewish state in East Africa. For that reason, he argued that the project should be handed over to the Jewish Colonisation Association (founded by Maurice de Hirsch), whilst the Zionist Organisation should concentrate only on Palestine. Herzl’s death and the heated debate about Uganda delayed the departure of the expedition until December 1904. As <mask> had predicted, the report was discouraging, and the 7th Zionist Congress in 1905 turned down any colonisation site but Palestine. English Zionist Federation
At the Ninth Zionist Congress in 1909, Weizmann and others attempted to depose David Wolffsohn as president of the Zionist Organization. <mask> thanked Wolffsohn for his dedication and proposed a vote of confidence in him.The opposition promptly brought forward a motion of censure, but <mask>’s proposal was accepted by an overwhelming majority. In 1910, the English Zionist Federation (EZF) was leaderless and on the verge of disintegration. In February 1912, <mask> became its president because he was not personally involved in the controversies surrounding its leadership. He opened the EZF's conference on June 1, 1913, by welcoming the appointment of a new chief rabbi, Joseph Hertz, an old friend of <mask>'s from South Africa. At the request of <mask> and other delegates, Cowen accepted the presidency. <mask> remained on the executive committee. On February 11, 1917, Weizmann was elected president of the EZF, and Cowen joined <mask> on the executive committee.In 1918, the EZF published a 20-page brochure, "History and Development of Jewish Colonisation in Palestine", written by <mask>. He wrote that a Jewish Palestine with a population drawn from all countries would be "the ideal which all nations profess to have made their own". Other activities
When L.J. Greenberg decided, with some friends, to acquire The Jewish Chronicle, <mask> provided most of the funding. The acquisition changed the direction of the newspaper, which had been anti-Zionist but became very supportive of the cause. <mask> became director and later chairman of the board. The newspaper's support for Zionism was helpful in the 1917 battle to obtain the Balfour Declaration.<mask> was present at the birth of the Jewish National Fund and became its chairman. He was elected to the board of the Jewish Colonial Trust, which became Bank Leumi, as early as 1903, and remained a member of its directorate for almost 20 years. Final years and legacy
At the end of his life, <mask> lived in New York City. He died on January 3, 1944, without seeing the realisation of his life's work; Israel was established a little over four years after his death. Despite the influence <mask> had on the creation of the modern state of Israel, no street in Israel bears his name. However, a girls' school built in 1969 in Lod was named in his honour. References

Bibliography

Sources
Zionist Central Archives, Jerusalem

Bibliography

External links
AJR Information, Volume XXIV, Volume 12, December 1969
The Herzl Museum
Leopold Kessler Collection
Center for Jewish History • 15 West 16th Street New York

1864 births
1944 deaths
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
Jewish journalists
Mining engineers
People from Tarnowskie Góry
People from Gliwice
19th-century German Jews
Zionist activists
German Zionists
British Zionists
South African Zionists
19th-century male writers
Corps students

masks:
Leopold Kessler
Leopold Kessler
Jacob Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler
Kessler


title: Paul Linwood

texts:
<mask> (born 24 October 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender. He has previously played professionally for Tranmere Rovers, Wrexham, Chester City, Grimsby Town and Fleetwood Town. Career

Tranmere Rovers
Born in Birkenhead, <mask> was educated in Wirral at Hilbre High School. <mask> was with hometown club Tranmere Rovers from 2002 to 2006, having been a trainee previously. He made his first-team debut in an EFL Trophy tie at Blackpool in October 2003, with his Football League debut following a few days later in a 2–1 win over Oldham Athletic. <mask> spent the start of the 2005–2006 season on loan to Wrexham, before enjoying a short spell back in the Tranmere first-team. Chester City
In the summer of 2006 he opted to join neighbours Chester City, with a £15,000 transfer fee set at tribunal.He made his Chester debut as the Blues beat Accrington Stanley on 5 August 2006, the club he would score his first league goal for Chester against later in the season. He also found the net in a Football League Trophy tie at Chesterfield during the campaign. As he became an established figure at the Deva Stadium, he was voted the Chester City's player of the season for 2007–08. He was named the official captain after a contract dispute involving fellow defender <mask>, a role he maintained during the 2008–09 campaign. The season saw him score twice in 43 league matches as the club suffered relegation from The Football League. Grimsby Town
On 3 July 2009, <mask> signed a three-year contract at League Two side Grimsby Town. Grimsby manager Mike Newell had been impressed with <mask>'s performances for his former club Chester whilst playing against Grimsby in the previous season.Despite a glowing reference from his new boss, <mask> found himself playing second fiddle to the preferred centre half pairing of Ryan Bennett and Robert Atkinson, this was until Bennett was sold which allowed <mask> an extended run in the first team, until the club opted to sign Olly Lancashire on loan. On 12 May 2010, <mask> was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the Football League. Fleetwood Town
On 29 June 2010 <mask> signed a 3-year deal with newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town. He was released by the club in May 2012. Chester
On 30 May 2012 he returned to the city of Chester to play for newly promoted Conference North side Chester. <mask> previously played for Chester City before their demise in 2010. <mask> scored his first goal for the club in the 2–0 home win over Oxford City.Salford City
In the summer of 2014 he moved to Salford City. He made his club debut in the opening league match of the season on 16 August as Salford beat Scarborough 4–1. Trafford
In 2017 he moved to Trafford. Podcast controversy
In May 2019, <mask> appeared on the 'I Had Trials Once' podcast on Spotify, in the interview he spoke about his time at Grimsby Town during the 2009–10 season. <mask> went on to explain that he and other players never took to living in Grimsby and that the team was full of alcoholics. He claimed that the clubs biggest mistake was sacking Mike Newell who had joined in with the drinking, and that the players had never taken to his replacement Neil Woods. Speaking of Newell and Woods, <mask> said "We had loads of days and nights out, and we were turning it round.He had a falling out upstairs after one of the games, and he got the sack. The Youth Team manager took over. Now the Youth Team manager saw the older-ish lads there, and he just hated it. We all had a drink anyway, and Newelly used to join us – he was always with us, him and his assistant. He used to ring on a Tuesday and go "where are you?”

"Nowhere gaffer, we’re just in Costa". "I know you’re in the pub, I’m coming!” It was good under Newelly, and the Youth Team manager came in and just hated all that. But it’s the worst thing he could have done because the players just rebelled against him, and there were a lot of big characters in that dressing room he couldn’t handle."Linwood added that "You’d finish training, Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say "lads, I’m just having a pint at the Laceby Arms", and the whole squad would be in there. 15 pints, easy. It was the only pub we could get away with it. It was in a tiny little village, and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits! Even I turned round one day and said "this has gone too far". We’d had a Monday session – straight after training, we finished boozing about five that morning, and then we were in for training at nine the next day. Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up, and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point.Those two came to pick me up after a session, and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training, which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters!" Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122 year history. When the podcast went viral in January 2020, fans of Grimsby Town reacted with anger and contempt and began abusing <mask> on his social media accounts. <mask> on a follow up podcast refused to apologise to Grimsby supporters saying "F***ing not one of them because they abused me for f***ing months after it, so they can f*** off, all of them". Honours
Chester City
 Player of the Season: 2007–08

Chester FC
 Peter Swales Shield Winners 2012
 Conference North Winners 2012–13
 Cheshire Senior Cup Winners 2012–13

Salford City
 Northern Premier League Division One North Winners 2014–15

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Birkenhead
English footballers
Association football defenders
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C.players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Chester F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
Northern Premier League players
Connah's Quay Nomads F.C. players
Ramsbottom United F.C. players
Trafford F.C.players

masks:
Paul Anthony Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Paul Butler
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood
Linwood


title: Daniel A. Wagner

texts:
<mask><mask> is the UNESCO Chair in Learning and Literacy, and Professor of Education at the University of Pennsylvania where his research specializes in learning, literacy, child development, educational technologies, and international educational development. He is founding Director (1983) of Penn’s Literacy Research Center and the federally funded National Center on Adult Literacy (1990). In recent years, the center has become the International Literacy Institute (ILI), co-established by UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania. <mask> is also the Director of Penn’s International Educational Development Program (IEDP) and is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, the American Anthropological Association, and the American Educational Research Association. He is the author numerous books and articles on learning, literacy, cross-cultural research and methodologies, and is a frequent speaker at major national and international conferences across the world. He has worked as an advisor to, among others, the World Bank, UNESCO, UNICEF, USAID, and DFID. In 2012,  <mask> was appointed by Hillary Clinton as a Member of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO.In the same year, he was named UNESCO Chair in Learning and Literacy. In 2012-2014, he served as Chair of the Brookings Global Research Task Force on Learning. In 2014, he was a recipient of the UNESCO Confucius International Literacy Prize. He has maintained multi-year educational projects in India, South Africa, and Morocco. Early life and education

Born in 1946 and raised in Chicago, Illinois, <mask>’s grandfather was an electrical engineer who helped to build the first electricity grid and street lighting in the city of Chicago in the 1920s. Following in his grandfather's and father's footsteps, <mask> completed his undergraduate degree in Engineering from Cornell University in 1968. In graduate school he shifted to psychology, completing a Master’s in Experimental Psychology from the University of Michigan in 1971, and a PhD in Developmental Psychology in 1976.Later, he was a NIH post-doctoral fellow in Human Development at the Harvard University Graduate School of Education between 1979-81. He has been a Visiting Fellow at the International Institute of Educational Planning in Paris, a Visiting Professor at the University of Geneva (Switzerland), and a Fulbright Scholar at the University of Paris-René Descartes. He served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Morocco for two years 1968-70 working as a civil engineer in rural areas of the Middle Atlas Mountains. Career
<mask> has served as an advisor to a wide range of agencies, including: United Nations, UNESCO, UNICEF, Ford Foundation, IDRC, World Bank, USAID, UK-DFID, OECD, Van Leer Foundation, International Institute for Educational Planning, International Bureau of Education, Fast Track Initiative/Global Partnership for Education, U.S. Department of Education, National Science Foundation, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Academy of Sciences, and numerous NGO and university-funded projects. As Director of the International Educational Development Program (IEDP) at the University of Pennsylvania, <mask> oversees an annual cohort of approximately 20-30 Masters and Doctoral students. Since 2009, the IEDP has graduated more than 100 students, who work in a number of international organizations, such as: UNESCO, UNICEF, OECD, World Bank, Save the Children, and Aga Khan Foundation. The program has a close relationship with UNESCO and the Peace Corps, and is responsible for the PennIEDP-Peace Corps Coverdell Fellowships and the UNESCO Fellowship.Research
<mask> research focuses on learning, literacy, child development, educational technologies, and international educational development. This work focuses on understanding how learning takes place in children, youth and adults in a variety of settings. His work is diverse in terms of subsectors of education, including both early grade reading and adult literacy, bilingualism and cognitive development, improving learning assessments in developing countries, and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Selected publications
<mask>, D. A. (Ed.). (2014). Learning and Education In Developing Countries: Research and Policy for the Post-2015 UN Development Goals.NY: Palgrave Macmillan. https://www.amazon.com/Learning-Education-Developing-Countries-Development-ebook/dp/B00MGOB930/ref=tmm_kin_title_0?_encoding=UTF8&sr=&qid=
<mask>, D. A. (2014). Mobiles for Reading: A Landscape Research Review. Technical Report. Washington, DC: USAID. https://web.archive.org/web/20160307023227/http://www.meducationalliance.org/sites/default/files/usaid_wagner_report_finalforweb_14jun25_1.pdf
<mask>, D. A., Murphy, K. M. & de Korne, H. (2012).Learning first: A research agenda for improving learning in low-income countries. Center for Universal Education Working Paper. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091151/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2012/12/learning%20first%20wagner%20murphy%20de%20korne/12%20learning%20first%20wagner%20murphy%20de%20korne.pdf
<mask>, D. A. (2011). What happened to literacy? Historical and conceptual perspectives on literacy in UNESCO.International Journal of Educational Development. 31, 319–323. <mask>, D. A. (2011). Smaller, Quicker, Cheaper: Improving Learning Assessments in Developing Countries. Paris/Washington: UNESCO-IIEP/FTI-Global Partnership for Education. (in English and French) http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002136/213663e.pdf
<mask>, D. A.(2010). Quality of education, comparability, and assessment choice in developing countries. COMPARE: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 40(6): 741-760. <mask>, D. A. (2008). Global perspectives on the science of literacy and education. Handbook of Cross-Cultural Developmental Science.M. Bornstein (eds.). NJ: Erlbaum. <mask>, D. A. (2008). Alphabetisation et le lettrisme aujourd’hui. Dictionnaire de l’education. A. van Zanten (eds.).Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. <mask>, D. A., & Sweet, R. (Eds.) (2006). ICT and Learning: Supporting Out-of-School Youth and Adults. Paris: OECD/NCAL, 2006. <mask>, D. A.& Kozma, R. (2010). New technologies for literacy and adult education: A global perspective. Paris: UNESCO. (In English, French and Arabic). <mask>, D. A. (Ed.) (2005).Monitoring and Evaluation of ICT in Education Projects: A Handbook for Developing Countries. Washington, D.C.: World Bank/InfoDev. http://www.infodev.org/infodev-files/resource/InfodevDocuments_9.pdf
<mask>, D. A., Venezky, R. L., & Street, B. V. (Eds.). (1999). Literacy: An International Handbook. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.<mask>, D. A. (1990), Literacy: Developing the future (in 5 languages)

Personal life
<mask> lives in Philadelphia with his wife (a lecturer and psychologist) and two children. References

External links
University of Pennsylvania: http://www.upenn.edu
International Literacy Institute: www.literacy.org
International Educational Development Program: www.gse.upenn.edu/iedp
MOOCs4D conference: www.moocs4d.org
UNESCO Chair: http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/europe-and-north-america/united-states-of-america/unesco-chair-in-learning-and-literacy-929/

1946 births
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Cornell University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Living people

masks:
Daniel A
. Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Daniel Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner
Wagner


title: Fritz Joubert Duquesne

texts:
Frederick "<mask><mask> (; 21 September 187724 May 1956; sometimes Du Quesne) was a South African Boer and German soldier, big-game hunter, journalist, and spy. He fought on the side of the Boers in the Second Boer War and as a secret agent for Germany during both World Wars. He gathered human intelligence, led spy rings and carried out sabotage missions as a covert field asset in South Africa, Great Britain, Central and South America, and the United States. He went by many aliases, fictionalized his identity and background on multiple occasions, and operated as a con man. As a Boer spy he was known as the "Black Panther", in World War II he operated under the code name DUNN, and in FBI files he is frequently referred to as "The Duke". He was captured, convicted, and escaped several prisons. During the Second Boer War, from 1899 to 1902, <mask> was captured and imprisoned three times by the British and once by the Portuguese, and each time he escaped.On one occasion he infiltrated the British army, became a British officer, and led an attempt to sabotage Cape Town and to assassinate the commander-in-chief Lord Kitchener. His team was given up by an informant and all were captured and sentenced to death. After a failed attempt to escape prison in Cape Town, he was sent to prison in Bermuda, but he escaped to the United States and became an American citizen. In World War I, he became a spy and ring leader for Germany and during this time he sabotaged British merchant ships in South America with concealed bombs and destroyed several. He sometimes purchased insurance on merchandise he shipped on the vessels he sabotaged and then filed claims for damages. He became known as "the man who killed Kitchener" since he claimed to have guided a German U-boat to sink HMS Hampshire on which Lord Kitchener was en route to Russia in 1916, although forensics of the ship do not support this claim. After he was caught by federal agents in New York in 1917, he feigned paralysis for two years and cut the bars of his cell to make his escape, thereby avoiding deportation to England where he faced execution for the deaths of British sailors.In 1932, he was again captured in New York by federal agents and charged with both homicide and for being an escaped prisoner, only this time he was set free after Britain declined to pursue the wartime crimes. The last time he was captured and imprisoned was in 1941 when he and 32 other members of the Duquesne Spy Ring working for Nazi Germany were caught by William G. Sebold, a double agent with the FBI and spying for the Germans. Duquesne was later convicted in the largest espionage conviction in the history of the United States. Between wars, Duquesne served as an adviser on big game hunting to U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, as a publicist in the movie business, as a journalist, as a fictional Australian war hero, and as head of the New Food Society in New York. During the Boer war he had been under orders to kill Frederick Russell Burnham, Chief of Scouts in the British Army, but in 1910 he worked with both Burnham and then Rep. Robert Broussard to lobby the U.S. Congress to fund the importation of hippopotamuses into the Louisiana bayous to solve a severe meat shortage. Duquesne often took on many identities, reinvented his past at will, attached his ancestry to aristocratic clans, granted himself military titles and medals, and spoke of many people, some fact and some fictional. Early life
<mask> was born to a Boer family of French Huguenot origin in East London, Cape Colony in 1877 and later moved with his parents, <mask> and Minna <mask>, to Nylstroom in the South African Republic (now Modimolle, South Africa) where they started a farm.Abraham made his living as a hunter who also frequently traveled to sell skins, tusks, and horns, and he hired local natives to work the farm. He had two younger siblings, his sister Elsbet and his brother Pedro. He was a descendant of the French Huguenot naval commander <mask> (1610–1688), and claimed his uncle was Piet <mask> (1831–1900), a hero in the First Boer War and Commandant-General of the South African Republic, although his family relationship is disputed. As a youth, <mask>ne became a hunter like his father. His hunting skills proved useful not only in the African veld, but also later in life when he would publish articles about and give lectures on big-game hunting. It was during one of his early hunting trips that Duquesne became interested in panthers. He observed a black panther patiently waiting motionless for the perfect time to strike while a cautious African Buffalo approached and drank from a nearby water hole.The panther became his totem and its hunting style also became his. In the Second Boer War, Duquesne became known as the "Black Panther", and as a spy in the 1930s he stamped "all of his communiques to Germany with the figure of a cat, back arched and fur raised in anger." At age 12, <mask>ne killed his first man, a Zulu who attacked his mother. He used the man's assegai short sword to stab him in the stomach. Not long after the killing, a war party from a Bantu-speaking tribe attacked the area near Nylstroom and the Duquesne family was forced to retreat to the nearby river. The <mask> family, along with six other settler families, fought a long gun battle against the Impi and <mask>ne shot and killed several. When the fighting ended, his uncle Koos, his wife, and their baby were all dead.When he was 13, he was sent to school in England. After graduation, biographer Clement Wood states that Duquesne went to Oxford University for a year and then he attended the Académie Militaire Royale in Brussels; however, his attendance records at these two institutions have never been found. Also, Duquesne himself writes that after he finished school in England he was sent to Europe to study engineering, but on the ship he met an embezzler named Christian de Vries and the two decided to take a trip around the world. Second Anglo-Boer War

After the English invaded South Africa in 1899, Duquesne returned to South Africa to join the Boer commandos as a lieutenant attached to the staff of Commandant General Piet <mask> in Pretoria. He was wounded with a bullet through his right shoulder at the Siege of Ladysmith, but was promoted to the rank of captain in the artillery. Duquesne was captured by the English at the Battle of Colenso, but escaped in Durban. During the English invasion of Pretoria, some of the gold from the central bank was sent by train to the small town of Machadodorp, then by road to the neutral harbor of Lourenço Marques in Portuguese East Africa (now Maputo, Mozambique) to be shipped to the Netherlands for the use of President Paul Kruger and other Boer exiles fleeing the Transvaal.A final tally showed about 1.5 million pounds (680,000 kilos) of gold bullion was removed from the South African Mint and National Bank between 29 May and 4 June 1900. Duquesne was in command of one of these large shipments of gold sent by wagon; however, this gold never made it to its destination. While in the bushveld of Portuguese East Africa, a violent disagreement broke out among the Boers. After the struggle, only two wounded Boers, Duquesne, and the tottys (native porters) remained alive. Duquesne ordered the tottys to hide the gold in the Caves of Leopards for safekeeping, to burn the wagons, and kill the wounded. He gave the tottys all the oxen, except for one which he rode away. Historian Art Ronnie writes in 1995 the buried central bank gold, commonly referred to as "Kruger's Millions" is only a legend; however, recently, there are reports about discoveries in South Africa of the missing gold buried by Duquesne.Duquesne joined the Boer forces again for the Battle of Bergendal, but his unit had to fall back to Portuguese East Africa (present-day Mozambique). Many were captured by the Portuguese and sent to an internment camp in Caldas da Rainha near Lisbon. For Duquesne, this would become the watershed event, as Ronnie states, "life would never be the same for him ... In a few months, he would be launched on a forty-year career as a professional spy and counterfeit hero – a man who would constantly reinvent himself to suit the needs of the moment." At the internment camp in Portugal, he charmed the daughter of one of the guards; she helped him escape to Paris, and to Aldershot in England. He infiltrated the British army, then was posted to South Africa in 1901 as an officer. During this period, he marched through Nylstroom, discovering his parent's farm was destroyed under Lord Kitchener's scorched earth policy.Duquesne also discovered his sister was raped and murdered by the English, and his mother was interned in the Nylstroom concentration camp operated as part of Kitchener's policy. Ronnie writes: "the fate of his country and of his family would breed in him an all-consuming hatred of England" and "would turn him into what (a biographer of Duquesne) Clement Wood called: a walking living breathing searing killing destroying torch of hate". As an English officer, Duquesne returned to Cape Town with secret plans to sabotage English installations and to assassinate Kitchener. He recruited twenty Boer men, but the group were betrayed by the wife of one. On 11 October 1901, while attending a dinner for Sir Walter Hely-Hutchinson, the Cape Colony governor, he was arrested in dress uniform for "conspiracy against the English and on (the charge of) espionage." He was court-martialled as a lieutenant in the English army, sentenced to be shot along with his co-conspirators. The other twenty members of his team were quickly executed, but as a plea-bargain, his sentence was reduced to life in prison.In exchange, Duquesne agreed to divulge secret Boer codes and to translate several Boer dispatches. According to Ronnie, "for the rest of his life he swore he never betrayed the Boer cause but created new codes to mislead the English." He was imprisoned in Cape Town in the Castle of Good Hope, a fortification built by the Dutch in 1666. The walls of the castle were extremely thick, yet night after night, Duquesne dug away the cement around the stones with an iron spoon. He nearly escaped one night, but a large stone slipped and pinned him in his tunnel. The next morning, a guard found him unconscious but uninjured. Duquesne was one of many Boer prisoners sent to the penal colony of Bermuda, an archipelago known for its frequent storm-wracked conditions, shark infested waters, and dangerous reefs.According to Ronnie, Bermuda was an "impossible, hopeless, and impregnable prison of pink beaches and sunlit waters from which no prisoner could escape – or so believed the English." Duquesne escaped from several other POW camps, and on the night of 25 June 1902, he slipped out of his tent, climbed a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past patrol boats and bright spot lights. He used a distant lighthouse for navigation until he arrived on the main island. He went to the home of Anna Maria Outerbridge, a leader of a Boer Relief Committee. Outerbridge helped him escape to the port of St. George's. Another Boer Relief Committee member, Captain W. E. Meyer, arranged for his transportation off the island. Within the week, Duquesne was a passenger on boat heading to Baltimore, Maryland.In the United States

After escaping the English penitentiary in Bermuda, Duquesne proceeded to New York city. He found employment as a journalist for the New York Herald and other newspapers by writing adventure stories. The Second Boer War ended in 1902 with the Boers signing the Treaty of Vereeniging, but with his family dead, Duquesne never returned to South Africa. While in New York city, he published a novel in the French newspaper Le Petit Bleu, and two other novels published in South Africa. In 1908, he was written up in Men of America as a travelling correspondent sent to locations such as Port Arthur (now the Chinese Lüshunkou District) to report on the Russo-Japanese War, Morocco to report on the Riff Rebellion, and to the Belgian Congo (currently known as 'Democratic Republic of the Congo') to accompany Sir Arthur Jones on an expedition. In June 1910, he married Alice Wortley, an American, but their marriage ended in divorce eight years later. During the Second Boer War, Duquesne was under orders to assassinate Frederick Russell Burnham, the American acting as Chief of Scouts for the English Army.After the war, Burnham remained active in counter-espionage for the English, and much of it involved keeping track of Duquesne. In 1910, Burnham and Congressman Robert Broussard founded the New Food Supply Society to import useful African wildlife into the U.S. as a solution to a serious American meat shortage, and Broussard selected Duquesne as an expert. In support of this plan, Broussard introduced H.R. 23261, also known as the American Hippo Bill attempting the appropriation of $250,000 to import hippopotamus into the Louisiana bayous as food source and to control the water hyacinth then clogging Southern river systems. Former President Theodore Roosevelt backed the plan, as did the U.S. Department of Agriculture, The Washington Post, and The New York Times, which praised the taste of hippopotamus as "lake cow bacon". Duquesne's expert testimony on this subject before the House Committee on Agriculture is recorded in the Congressional Record. The bill fell just short of passing, and the New Foods organization was disbanded.During this time, Duquesne became former President Roosevelt's personal shooting instructor and accompanied him on a hunting expedition. He published several newspaper articles on Roosevelt's hunting trip to Africa, safari big game hunting in general, and the heroic accomplishments of Caucasian people to bring civilization to black Africans. Duquesne became a naturalized American citizen in December 1913. First World War

After meeting a German-American industrialist in the Midwest around 1914, Duquesne became a German spy. He was sent to Brazil as "Frederick Fredericks" under the disguise of "doing scientific research on rubber plants". As an agent for Naval Intelligence in South America, he was assigned to disrupt commercial traffic to countries at war with Germany. Duquesne received and delivered communiques through German embassies, and he was responsible for numerous explosions on British merchant ships.From his base in Bahia, Brazil, he planted time bombs disguised as cases of mineral samples on British ships and he was credited with sinking 22 ships; among them were the Salvador and the Pembrokeshire. Additionally, one of his bombs killed three British sailors and nearly sank the  in February 1916, and another started a fire on the Vauban. After bombing the Tennyson, MI5 (British intelligence) operating in Brazil arrested an accomplice named Bauer who identified Duquesne as both the perpetrator of the crime and the ring leader. Bauer further revealed that Duquesne was operating under his own name and two aliases, George Fordam and Piet Niacud. Niacud is the pronunciation of Duquesne reversed. MI5 confirmed that Duquesne was "a German intelligence officer ... involved in a series of acts of sabotage against British shipping in South American waters during the war". His cover now blown, Duquesne moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, and several weeks later placed an article in a newspaper reporting his own death in Bolivia at the hands of Amazonian natives.Duquesne evaded British intelligence in South America and returned to New York around May 1916. Using the aliases George Fordam and Frederick Fredericks, he had taken out insurance policies for the cargo he shipped and he now filed claims for the "films" and "mineral samples" lost with the ships he sank off the coast of Brazil, including the British steamship Tennyson. The insurance companies were reluctant to pay and began their own investigations which would go on for another year. In his book The Man Who Killed Kitchener, biographer Clement Wood states that Duquesne left for Europe in June 1916 under orders from German intelligence. Duquesne posed as

masks:
Fritz
" Joubert Duquesne
Duquesne
Fritz Duquesne
Abraham Duquesne
Joubert
Abraham Duquesne
Joubert
Fritz Duques
Fritz Duques
Duquesne
Fritz Duques
Joubert


title: Fritz Joubert Duquesne

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 the Russian Duke Boris Zakrevsky and joined Field Marshal Kitchener on HMS Hampshire in Scotland. Once on board, Duquesne signaled the German submarine that sank the cruiser, thus killing Lord Kitchener. Duquesne made his own escape using a life raft before the ship was torpedoed and he was rescued by the submarine.Duquesne was awarded the Iron Cross for this act, and he appears in several pictures in German uniform wearing an Iron Cross in addition to other medals. Captain Louis Botha, son of the former prime minister of South Africa General Louis Botha, further writes that "Duquesne was a great friend of the Botha family" and that Duquesne "rose from the status of a Private in the German Army to the rank of Colonel, and received the Iron Cross during the great war." The authenticity of several of these claims has been challenged by modern biographers, and the German records that would confirm or deny at least parts of these accounts are now missing and presumed destroyed during the war. The next confirmed appearance of Duquesne is in Washington, D.C., in July 1917, not long after the U.S. declared war on Germany. He had contacted Senator Robert Broussard with whom he had worked on the bill to import hippos into Louisiana. Unaware that Duquesne was now a German spy, Senator Broussard attempted to help him obtain a position with General George Washington Goethals, the acting U.S. Army Quartermaster and former chief engineer of the Panama Canal, but he was not successful. Additionally, Duquesne filed patents for an underwater electromagnetic mine which he then attempted to sell to the U.S. Navy.As a covert spy, it was necessary for Duquesne to manipulate people, assume new identities and cover stories. It is known that he was handsome, charismatic, intelligent, fluent in several languages, and as FBI agent Raymond Newkirk observed, "the Duke was a very interesting talker but he always had to be the center of attention." He also sometimes took his deceptions further than seems necessary. With the advent of World War One, Duquesne's stories of great white hunters and African safaris no longer fascinated the American public and when he returned to New York he was dropped from the lecture circuit. To get back on stage he needed new material, so with the help of German intelligence he re-invented himself and pretended to be an allied war hero, Captain Claude Stoughton of the Western Australian Light Horse regiment, a man who claimed to have "seen more war than any man at present" and claimed to have been "bayoneted three times, gassed four times, and stuck once with a hook." Duquesne appeared before New York audiences dressed in uniform as Stoughton to tell them war stories, promote the sale of Liberty Bonds, and to make patriotic speeches for organizations such as the Red Cross. As historian Jon Mooallem explains it, "Captain Stoughton's career took off.His talks made decent money, his heroism earned him respect, and ladies found him alluring", and "the Black Panther was an adrenaline junkie ... his invented persona had such magnetism and such possibility, in fact, that he began deploying his alter-ego in a wide variety of personal appearances ... it is possible that Duquesne simply liked attention, the performance." Duquesne was arrested in New York on 17 November 1917 on charges of fraud for insurance claims. At the time of his arrest, Duquesne had in his possession a large file of news clippings related to the bombing of ships, as well as a letter from the Assistant German Vice Consul at Managua, Nicaragua. The letter indicated that Captain Duquesne was "one who has rendered considerable service to the German cause." The British authorities were also looking at Duquesne as the agent responsible for "murder on the high seas, arson, faking Admiralty documents and conspiring against the Crown", and the American authorities agreed that they would extradite Duquesne to Britain, if the British sent him back afterward to serve his sentence for fraud. 1919 to 1939

After his arrest in New York, and while awaiting extradition to Britain on murder charges, Duquesne pretended to be paralyzed. He was sent to the prison ward at Bellevue Hospital.On 25 May 1919, after nearly two years of feigning paralysis and just days before his extradition, he disguised himself as a woman and escaped by cutting the bars of his cell and climbing over the barrier walls to freedom. Police Commissioner Richard E. Enright sent out the following bulletin:

This man is partly paralysed in the right leg and always carries a cane. May apply for treatment at a hospital or private physician. He also has a skin disease which is a form of eczema. If located, arrest, hold and wire, Detective Division, Police Headquarters, New York City, and an officer will be sent for him with necessary papers. The London Daily Mail published the following on 27 May 1919:

Col. <mask> Quesne, a fugitive from justice, is wanted by His Majesty's government for trial on the following charges: Murder on the high seas; the sinking and burning of British ships; the burning of military stores, warehouses, coaling stations, conspiracy, and the falsification of Admiralty documents. Duquesne fled to Mexico and Europe, but in 1926 he moved back to New York and assumed a new identity as Frank de Trafford Craven.He worked for Joseph P. Kennedy's Film Booking Offices of America (FBO Pictures), and later RKO Pictures, as part of the publicity staff. As part of this job he moved back to Manhattan, where he was well known under his real name. In 1930, Duquesne moved to the Quigley Publishing Company, a producer of movie magazines, and he called himself Major Craven. On 23 May 1932, police arrested Duquesne in the Quigley building in New York. He was interrogated and beaten by the police and charged with murder on the high seas. Duquesne claimed it was a case of mistaken identity and that his name really was Major Craven. Clement Wood had recently published a biography of Duquesne, The Man Who Killed Kitchener, so the police asked Wood to identify the man in custody.Wood insisted that the man was not Duquesne, but rather Major Craven whom he had known for five years. Police did not believe Wood and agent Thomas J. Tunney was brought in to positively identify Craven as Duquesne, the same man he had arrested in 1917. Duquesne was charged with homicide and as an escaped prisoner. He was defended by Arthur Garfield Hays, who had also been one of the attorneys in the famous Scopes Trial. After Britain declined to pursue his war crimes, noting that the statute of limitations had expired, the judge threw out the only remaining charge of escape from prison and released Duquesne. After his release, Duquesne remained associated with the Quigley family, and he talked for hours about the methods he used to blow up ships. To verify the stories, Quigley had Duquesne meet with several experts, the most prominent of whom was Fr.Wilfrid Parsons, SJ, editor of the Jesuit magazine, America. The experts verified his command of languages, that he was widely traveled and a skilled impersonator. While the chronology was imprecise, everything Duquesne told Quigley that could be verified proved to be correct. In the spring of 1934, Duquesne became an intelligence officer for the Order of 76, an American pro-Nazi organization, and in January 1935 he began working for the U.S. government's Works Progress Administration. Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, head of the Abwehr, Germany's division of military intelligence, knew Duquesne from his work in World War I, and he instructed his new chief of operations in the U.S., Col. Nikolaus Ritter, to make contact with Duquesne. Ritter had been friends with Duquesne back in 1931, and the two spies reconnected in New York on 3 December 1937. Ritter employed several other successful agents across the U.S., most notably Herman Lang, who delivered to the Germans the blueprints for the Top Secret Norden bombsight, but he also made the mistake of recruiting a man who would later become a double agent, William Sebold.On 8 February 1940, Ritter sent Sebold to New York under the alias of Harry Sawyer and instructed him to set up a shortwave radio-transmitting station to establish contact with the German shortwave station abroad. Sebold was also instructed to use the code name TRAMP and to contact a fellow agent code named DUNN, <mask>. Second World War – Duquesne Spy Ring

Once the FBI discovered through Sebold that Duquesne was again in New York operating as a German spy, director J. Edgar Hoover provided a background briefing to President Franklin Roosevelt. The dossier from that time gave a summary of now Colonel <mask>'s prior history and stated that, "no information, whatsoever, concerning the whereabouts and activities of Duquesne since June 6, 1932, is possessed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation." FBI agent Newkirk, using the name Ray McManus, was now assigned to DUNN and he rented a room immediately above Duquesne's apartment near Central Park and used a hidden microphone to record Duquesne's conversations. But monitoring Duquesne's activities proved to be difficult. As Newkirk described it, "The Duke had been a spy all of his life and automatically used all of the tricks in the book to avoid anyone following him ...He would take a local train, change to an express, change back to a local, go through a revolving door and keep going on right around, take an elevator up a floor, get off, walk back to the ground, and take off in a different entrance of the building." Duquesne also informed Sebold that he was certain he was under surveillance, and he even confronted one FBI agent and demanded that he stop tracking him, a story confirmed by agent Newkirk. The FBI leased three adjacent rooms in Times Square. One room would serve as double-agent Sebold's office from which he would receive intelligence reports from Abwehr spies that would later be censored by the FBI and partially transmitted by Sebold via coded short-wave radio to Germany. The other two rooms were used by German-speaking FBI agents who would listen in with headphones and record the meetings using a motion picture camera behind a two-way wall mirror. The first time Duquesne arrived at Sebold's office, he surprised the FBI agents by conducting an examination of the office, opening chests, looking in corners and around mirrors, and pointedly asking Sebold, "where are the mics?" Once Duquesne believed he was safe, he raised his pants leg and removed documents from his sock, such as: a sketch and photo of the M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, a drawing of a new light tank design, a photo of a U.S. Navy Mosquito boat, a photo of a grenade launcher, and reports on U.S. tanks he had observed at bases at West Point and in Tennessee.Duquesne also described sabotage techniques he had used in earlier wars such as small bombs with slow fuses he could drop through a hole in his pants pocket, and he commented on where he might use these devices again. Arrest and Conviction

On 28 June 1941, following a two-year investigation, the FBI arrested Duquesne and 32 German spies on charges of relaying secret information on U.S. weaponry and shipping movements to Germany. On 2 January 1942, less than a month after the U.S. was attacked by Japan at Pearl Harbor and Germany declared war on the United States, the 33 members of the Duquesne Spy Ring were sentenced to serve a total of more than 300 years in prison. They were found guilty in what historian Peter Duffy said in 2014 is "still to this day the largest espionage case in the history of the United States." One German spymaster later commented that the ring's roundup delivered 'the death blow' to their espionage efforts in the United States. J. Edgar Hoover called his FBI swoop on Duquesne's ring the greatest spy roundup in U.S. history. In a 1942 memo to his superiors, Admiral Canaris of the Abwehr reported on the importance of several of his captured spies by noting their valued contributions, and he writes that Duquesne "delivered valuable reports and important technical material in the original, including U.S. gas masks, radio-controlled apparatus, leak proof fuel tanks, television instruments, small bombs for airplanes versus airplanes, air separator, and propeller-driving mechanisms.Items delivered were labeled 'valuable', and several 'good' and 'very good'." The 64-year-old Duquesne did not escape this time. He was sentenced to 18 years in prison, with a 2-year concurrent sentence and $2,000 fine for violation of the Foreign Agents Registration Act. He began his sentence in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in Kansas, along with fellow German spy Hermann Lang. In 1945, Duquesne was transferred to the Medical Center for Federal Prisoners in Springfield, Missouri, due to his failing physical and mental health. In 1954, he was released owing to ill health, having served 14 years. His last known lecture was in 1954 at the Adventurers' Club of New York, titled "My Life – in and out of Prison".Death
<mask> died at City Hospital on Welfare Island (now Roosevelt Island), in New York City on 24 May 1956 at the age of 78 years. Film Accounts
 Life of <mask>, 1920, by Flint Saturday night publishing company. Unseen Enemy, released in 1942, is a feature film based on Duquesne and his life as a German secret agent living in the U.S. in the 1930s. Arthur D. Howden, an acquaintance and fencing opponent of Duquesne, wrote the original script in 1939, two years before Duquesne's arrest and conviction by the FBI. The House on 92nd Street, which won screenwriter Charles G. Booth an Academy Award for the best original motion picture story in 1945. Based on the FBI Duquesne Spy Ring case with major changes story and characters. Duquesne was the inspiration for the part of Col. Hammershon, played by Leo G. Carroll.Duquesne Case: Secret. (public domain) J Edgar Hoover narrates this 1941 documentary in which the members of the Duquesne Spy Ring are secretly filmed talking with Harry Sawyer (FBI Agent William Sebold) while exchanging money and blueprints. Duquesne looks around the room before removing military diagrams hidden in his sock. Hoover narrates: "Colonel Duquesne", "the most cautious of them all." The Duquesne Case, Deutsche Welle Newsreel, c. 1950. (German; also translated into English, albeit poorly, and posted to YouTube). The Man Who Would Kill Kitchener, by François Verster, a 26-minute documentary film on the life of <mask> <mask> that won six Stone awards in 1999, and is actively being extended to 52 minutes for international audiences.In the television episode Myth Hunters: Legend of Kruger's Millions (Season 2, Episode 9, 2014), Duquesne is played by the actor Charlie Richards. In June 2014, RatPac Entertainment and Class 5 Films acquired the non-fiction article American Hippopotamus, by Jon Mooallem, about the meat shortage in the U.S. in 1910 and the attempts made by Duquesne, Burnham, and Congressman Robert Broussard to import hippopotamuses into the Louisiana bayous and to convince Americans to eat them. The movie will highlight the Burnham – Duquesne rivalry. Edward Norton, William Migliore and Brett Ratner will produce this feature film. Works

Duquesne authored the following works:

 "Why Vote for Roosevelt? ", a pamphlet by: "A Democrat Capt. <mask>ne", 1912.LC call number: JK2388 1912 .D8
 "The Bullmoosers", sheet music by: "Captain <mask>ne"

Notes
Footnotes

Source notes

References

Author

Other references

External links
 FBI files on Frederick "<mask>" <mask>

1877 births
1956 deaths
Afrikaner people
American reporters and correspondents
Escapees from British military detention
Escapees from United States federal government detention
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
People from East London, Eastern Cape
People from Roosevelt Island
South African emigrants to the United States
South African escapees
South African hunters
South African fraudsters
South African Republic military personnel of the Second Boer War
South African spies
Stockbrokers
World War I spies for Germany
World War II spies for

masks:
Fritz du
Fritz Duquesne
Duquesne
Fritz Duquesne
Fritz Duquesne
Fritz Joubert
Duquesne
Fritz Duques
Fritz Duques
Fritz
Duquesne


title: Robert Scipio von Lentulus

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<mask>, Freiherr <mask> (18 April 1714 – 26 December 1786) was a military officer, first in Austrian service, later in Prussian service. He was among Frederick the Great's trusted officers, and served him not only in military capacity but as a diplomat and, later, a governor of Neuchâtel. He was proprietor of a Prussian cavalry regiment in the years 1758–1778. Austrian service
<mask>, Freiherr <mask>, descended from an old Roman noble family (formerly called Linser) that emigrated to the city of Bern in approximately 1592. His father, <mask> (died 1744) served in the Austrian military and <mask> received his education at the Viennese Jesuit school. He entered the Austrian imperial military in 1728 as  a Fähnrich (cadet) in the Dragoon Regiment Philippi. In the War of Polish Succession Lentulus participated in the 1734 campaign in Italy as the adjutant of the Field marshal,  Count Claude Florimond de Mercy, who fell on 28 June in the Battle of San Pietro (sometimes called the Battle of Parma).In 1735, he joined the campaign in the Rhineland. He fought later in the Austro-Turkish War of 1737–39 and from 1742–44 in the campaigns in Bavarian and Bohemia during the War of Austrian Succession. Lentulus was also consulted on military-diplomatic negotiations after the armistice of 1735 and the border regulation between the Banat and Serbia after the Belgrade Peace. When the opportunity arose, Lentulus undertook lengthy journeys in Italy and the Orient. A decisive factor for <mask>'s further career was his behavior against the Prussian commander, Gottfried <mask> Einsiedel, during the Second Silesian War on 16 September 1744. The Austrian commander at Prague, Ferdinand Philipp <mask>, had agreed to capitulate after a two-week siege. Lentulus, at that time captain, refused to sign the capitulation certificate and, instead, broke his sword: he had been commanded to fight to defend Prague, but not to surrender.This impressed the Prussian King Frederick II so much that he wanted to take Lentulus into his service. Prussian service

Lentulus initially refused Frederick's request, but left the Austrian army to go to Bern. After the peace settlement of 1745, Prince Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau intervened with Lentulus and convinced him to enter the Prussian army. Lentulus entered the Prussian army in 1746 as a cavalry officer with a major's commission. Frederick appointed him as a wing adjutant and revised his officer's patent (commission) to the date of the surrender of Prague. Lentulus married Elisabeth Luise Henriette Auguste Sophie, a daughter of the Minister of State and Count Frederick Albert <mask>werin; upon their marriage Frederick addressed an ode to the couple. During the Seven Years' War, Lentulus served at the royal headquarters and was sent on several diplomatic missions; and after the Battle of Lobositz, he delivered the victory message to London.He then fought at the Battle of Prague and, subsequently, at the Battle of Kolin. He particularly distinguished himself at the Battle of Rossbach when he pursued the fleeing French army. Subsequently, Lentulus led a brigade formed by the Garde du Corps Cuirassier Regiment Nr. 13 and the Gens d'Armes Cuirassier Regiment Nr. 10. In the Battle of Leuthen, under command of Major General Hans Joachim <mask>, he again distinguished himself in the attack on the Austrian left flank, and Frederick gave him a reward of a thousand thalers. In 1757, <mask> was promoted to major general.In 1758, <mask> was named proprietor of Leibregiment zu Pferde Cuirassier Regiment Nr. 3, an office that he would hold until 1778. In April 1758, he took part in the Siege of Schweidnitz with seven cuirassier regiments and then moved with Frederick's army to Moravia. In the battles of Zorndorf and Hochkirch, he again led by example. In 1759 he served in Silesia. In 1760, he fought at the head of two dragoon regiments in the Battle of Liegnitz, and commanded the post roads in Silesia in the following winter. The end of his service in this war was, for Lentulus, the Battle of Reichenbach on 16 August 1762.Swiss projects
In 1767, Frederick appointed Lentulus lieutenant general, and in 1768, he was appointed governor of Neuchâtel in Switzerland, then under Prussian rule. He was officially governor of the city following the Gaudot Affair, a series of demonstrations against the change in tithing and tenancy regulations. Lentulus gave up the office in 1779. As during his entire career in Prussia, Lentulus often belonged to the king's closest circles, especially during the years after the war, where he was valued because of his education and intelligence. As early as 1752 Lentulus was present at the wedding of the brother of King, Henry, with the Hessian Princess Wilhelmine. In 1769, Lentulus was present in Neisse at the meeting of Frederick II with Austrian Emperor Joseph II. Following the First Partition of Poland, Frederick sent him to East Prussia in 1773 to take possession of the newly-acquired province and to establish Prussian rule.In 1778–79, <mask> took part in the service of Prince Henry during the War of Bavarian Succession, but retired because of his old age. Upon his retirement, Lentulus returned to Bern, where he headed the military system. On the recommendation of Lentulus, the city and the Republic of Bern had already formed the first three Jäger companies in 1768 from good marksmen of the upper regiments. Memorials and honors
Lentulus died in 1786 on his estate at Parc de Mon Repos near Bern, where his grave is located on the highest point of the Lentulus hill, named after him. Nearby, a street was named after Lentulus. He was Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle. In 1851, his name was included on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, among the other men who helped to found the modern Prussian state.References

Source:

1786 deaths
Lieutenant generals of Prussia
People from Bern
Prussian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
German military personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
1714 births

masks:
Robert Scipio
von Lentulus
Robert Scipio
von Lentulus
Caesar Joseph von Lentulus
Robert Scipio
Lentulus
Emanuel von
von Harsch
von Sch
von Zieten
Lentulus
Lentulus
Lentulus