title: Norman Gunston

texts:
<mask> was a satirical TV character performed by Australian actor and comedian Garry McDonald. <mask> was primarily well known in his native Australia, and to a lesser extent, the United States during the mid to late 1970s. He was the only Gold Logie winning fictional character on Australian television, with McDonald collecting the award in character. Early years
<mask> character was originally conceived by comedy writer Wendy Skelcher and first appeared as a minor character to appear in a single sketch in the second series of the cult Australian TV comedy series The Aunty Jack Show in 1973. Cast member Garry McDonald portrayed <mask> as a dull and talentless local TV reporter from the industrial city of Wollongong – a locale that was the butt of many jokes throughout the series. The <mask> character made enough of an impression for him to be revived in a subsequent comedy mini-series made by the Aunty Jack team, Wollongong the Brave (1974), in which he starred in a satirical mock documentary <mask>: The Golden Weeks. His segments as <mask> in What's on in Wollongong became one of the most popular parts of the Aunty Jack Show, and <mask> appeared on the Aunty Jack Sings Wollongong album along with McDonald's other character, Kid Eager.National fame
In his later and most famous incarnation, <mask> had evolved to become the unlikely host of his own national TV variety show, The <mask>ton Show, which premiered with a live broadcast on ABC television on 18 May 1975. Dubbed "the little Aussie bleeder" (a play on the term "Aussie battler"), he satirised parochial Australian culture, media "personalities" and egocentric talk show hosts. After a faltering start, the Norman Gunston Show rapidly gained a huge national audience and the series became the pre-eminent Australian TV comedy program of its day, with McDonald winning a Gold Logie and having several pop hits. He is, notably, the only Logie recipient who has received the award in the name of his character rather than in his own name. According to McDonald, the <mask> character and his show were initially devised as a parody of an (unintentionally bad) late-night Sydney TV variety show of the early 1970s hosted by expatriate American club entertainer Tommy Leonetti. The series producer director was John Eastway. Format

The Gunston show was a subversive parody of the established variety "Tonight Show" format, centering on a weekly roster of celebrity guests who were 'interviewed' by <mask>.Genuine musical performances by guest stars were countered by <mask>'s own unique interpretations of popular songs – he specialised in portraying his lyrics through mime and sign language and frequently punctuated the song with 'dramatic' interjections. Among his memorable performances were his histrionic rendition of the Tom Jones hit "Delilah", his charades-like version of "Send in the Clowns" and his heroic interpretation of the Liza Minnelli's theme-song "Liza with a Z", which <mask> back-announced by guilelessly expressing surprise at the fact that few singers except "Miss Lisa Minnulli" had ever attempted the song. McDonald is in real life an accomplished blues harmonica player (he jammed with Frank Zappa in an interview recording during Zappa's second Australian tour) and many of <mask>'s musical performances were regularly punctuated by poorly executed and inappropriate harmonica playing, such as in his rendition of the Billy Joel signature tune "Piano Man". <mask>'s distinctive interview "shtick" included several recurring features. He habitually presented himself as ill-prepared and under-researched, seeming largely ignorant of and/or uninterested in his guests' achievements, although he was always quick to exploit any chance that their celebrity status might enable him to achieve one of his ambitions, such as being chosen to star in a cigarette ad (which he eventually achieved with 'Dukes' Cigarettes), or winning a Gold Logie. <mask> would further undercut his guests' star status by linking any aspect of their lives and careers to the most mundane features of his own life; he also habitually employed malapropisms and made a particular feature of mis-pronouncing stars' names, or apparently mistaking them for someone else. In his debut show he repeatedly referred to wealthy Sydney socialite Lady Fairfax as "Mrs Lady Fairfax" and in a later show he introduced progressive union leader Jack Mundey as "Mister Jack Mondaay" – a satirical inversion of the Australian habit of pronouncing the morphograph '-day' as '-dee' in the days of the week (e.g."Sat'dee" for "Saturday"). As the series developed McDonald and his team introduced additional live and pre-taped segments including:

 "<mask>'s Dreamtime" – a mock-fairytale segment in which Gunston regaled a group of increasingly bored children with readings from a book of iconic Australian fables, with titles such as "Why Underpants Ride Up"
 "Consumer Straight Talk" – helpful tips on alternative uses for everyday household items, which later evolved into the even more grandiose-sounding "Spaceship Southern Hemisphere"
 a weekly review of the show's ratings over previous weeks, with suggestions on how viewers and the studio audience might help them skyrocket; later in Series 1 this focused on <mask>'s increasingly desperate campaign to win the coveted Gold Logie – which is, ironically, exactly what transpired at the 1976 Logies. in Series 2 Gunston presented (but did not appear in) a 3-minute satirical 'micro-soap' called Checkout Chicks, which parodied current Australian TV soap operas and starred actresses well known for their appearances in such programs, including Number 96 stars Abigail and Philippa Baker, Class of 74 star Anne Louise Lambert, who went on to star in Picnic at Hanging Rock (in which McDonald also appeared in a 'straight' role). Stage settings were defiantly downmarket and rooted in Australian suburbia and kitsch RSL club stylings – after being introduced, bemused guests were offered their choice of dubious delicacies (such as pineapple doughnuts or the infamous Chiko Roll) from <mask>'s hot food bar, before being invited to sit on his vinyl-clad "night-and-day" (an Australian term for sofa bed). Perhaps the most memorable example of this was his interview of Edward Woodward and Michele Dotrice, during which he performed his version of Othello 'for the rugby leagues clubs', which involved him squirting tomato sauce over a ventriloquists's dummy, reducing Woodward to helpless laughter. Gunston's personal appearance satirised club performers and TV interviewers of the time – for the studio segments he wore an ill-fitting blue lurex tuxedo jacket (wrongly buttoned) and the fly on his (too short) trousers was habitually left undone, with the shirt-tail poking out through the zip. Gunston also adopted a deliberately bad comb over hairstyle to partially cover his balding head.One of his visual trademarks was the small pieces of tissue paper applied to his pasty white face to cover supposed shaving cuts. This comic device led to his memorable exchange with visiting American actress Sally Struthers – noting <mask>'s apparent shaving cuts, she kindly suggested that perhaps <mask> should use an electric razor; the nonplussed <mask> replied "Uh, I do", at which point Struthers collapsed in a fit of laughter. <mask> performed subversive TV interviews with many major celebrities – during a Wings press conference he quipped to Linda McCartney: 'That's funny, you don't look Japanese.' (referencing Yoko Ono); other famous victims included Mick Jagger, Warren Beatty, Charlton Heston, and Muhammad Ali. Perhaps <mask>'s most well known interview was with Keith Moon at Charlton stadium in 1976. Moon famously ended his brief encounter with <mask> by tipping Vodka over his head and yelling "Piss off, you Australian slag". McDonald was one of the pioneers of the satirical "ambush" interview technique, which was founded on his considerable improvisational acting skills and precise comic timing.The "Gunston Method" relied on the fact that, especially in the early days of the series, the Norman persona was still relatively unknown in his home country, and completely unknown outside Australia. Thus, he was successfully able to hide behind the guise of a fully rounded and highly plausible character who appears to be stupid in order to throw his otherwise media-savvy quarry off their guard. This caused various results, from hilarity (Sally Struthers and Cheech and Chong), to clever play-alongs like Muhammad Ali ("I'm punchy – what's your excuse?") to bewilderment (Warren Beatty), to complete outrage (Rudolf Nureyev, Michael Cole). The Gunston technique has since been employed by many comedians. In both style and appearance, Paul Kaye's character Dennis Pennis was strongly reminiscent of Gunston. It later had a very successful revival thanks to the British satirist Sacha Baron Cohen through his characters Ali G, Borat and Brüno.Canadian comedian and actor Martin Short also employed a similar technique with his best-known character, the fawning, morbidly obese celebrity interviewer Jiminy Glick; another notable resemblance between Glick and <mask> is the Glick show's "fairytale" segment "Lalawood Fables", which is very similar to the "Norman's Dreamtime" segments of the Gunston show, in which the host reads a satirical mock-fable (intercut with pre-produced vision) to a group of assembled children. The Australian satirical comedy team The Chaser have also frequently used the Gunston Method to ambush unwitting targets—examples include the Julian Morrow character the "Citizens' Infringment Officer", and the team's now-legendary stunt in which they managed to penetrate a tight security cordon around the APEC Forum, despite the fact that Chas Licciardello was masquerading as Osama Bin Laden. Through sheer good luck, Gunston was immortalised in Australian political history when, on the morning of 11 November 1975, McDonald and his film crew – who happened to be in Canberra at the time – found out that the Labor government led by Gough Whitlam had just been dismissed by the Governor-General Sir John Kerr. On hearing the news, McDonald and his crew raced to Parliament House, where they were able to film McDonald (as Gunston) briefly addressing the assembled crowd, only moments before Whitlam and the Governor-General's Official Secretary David Smith appeared for the reading of the now-famous proclamation announcing Whitlam's dismissal. In 1976, the ABC aired a third season of The Norman Gunston Show. By this stage, increased production budgets afforded Gunston more opportunities for overseas interviews, including Malcolm Muggeridge, Michael Caine, John Sturges, Glenda Jackson, John Stonehouse, and Rudolph Nureyev. One memorable encounter with Frank Zappa ended with Zappa and <mask> duetting respectively on guitar and harmonica in a spontaneous blues jam (McDonald is in fact a proficient harmonica player).As the jam concluded, McDonald threw in a witty musical quote from the well-known ABC news theme, a nod to Zappa's well-known proclivity for inserting musical quotes such as TV themes into his work. In November 1976, a specially prepared 45-minute UK Gunston TV special was screened on BBC2 TV. Some of Gunston's guests on the show included Diana Dors and Tony Greig. After the third and final ABC TV season finished in late 1976, Gunston was popular enough to approach commercial TV networks. In particular, the Seven Network showed interest in producing another <mask>ton series.

masks:
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
The Gunston
Gunston
Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman
Gunston
Norman Guns
Gunston
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Gunston
Norman
Gunston
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman Guns


title: Norman Gunston

type: original

texts:
 Because of McDonald's other commitments, the series did not commence production until early 1978. Between July–September 1977, <mask> was included in the 8-episode ABC TV series, The Garry McDonald Show.Other characters were also played by McDonald, including Harry Butler (Harry Butler in the wild), and Mo McCackie. Channel 7 years
In 1978, the Australian Seven Network aired another <mask>ton series, which continued over an 18-month period till 1979. Ten 60-minute episodes were produced by John Eastway and ATN7. Highlights of this series were also screened on UK Channel 4 TV from November to December 1982. In February and March 1981, Channel 7 aired a program called Gunston's Australia, which intended to show the Gunston character approaching the end of his shelf life. In a satirical reference to personalities like former ABC current affairs host Bill Peach, the series parodied the perennial Australian TV practice of hiring celebrities to host magazine-style programs after leaving the show that had brought them to fame. Wearing a safari jacket and shorts, Gunston travelled around outback Australia, interfering and adventuring in high and low places in his usual cack-handed manner.This series was later screened from February to March 1983 on UK Channel 4 TV. In 1985, a 2-hour video was released titled, The Gunston Tapes. This was a compilation of interviews and comic sketches from the first, second and third 1975–1976 ABC TV series. McDonald also temporarily revived the Gunston character for the purpose of narrating the video. In February and March 1993, McDonald briefly revived the <mask> character for the Channel 7 network. However, by the time the series premiered McDonald was suffering from severe depression, and his much-publicised nervous breakdown and abrupt departure saw the series prematurely terminated. A 3-set DVD compilation of the 1993 series was subsequently released in 2003.During the late 1990s, Foxtel's The Comedy Channel repeated all but the premiere episode from the 1975–76 ABC series. (A previously unaired pilot was screened in place of episode one, which is presumed lost.) This marked the first time the series had been aired since the late 1970s. The same episodes have been screened again, albeit in random order, from 2008 as part of the channel's Aussie Gold block hosted by Frank Woodley. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Program history

 1973 The Aunty Jack Show (ABC TV – six B/W episodes)
 1974 Wollongong the Brave (ABC TV)
 1975 The Norman Gunston Show – season 1 (ABC TV – nine 30-minute colour episodes)
 1975 The Norman Gunston Show – season 2 (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 1976 The Norman Gunston Show – season 3 (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 1976 The Norman Gunston Show (UK BBC TV one-off 60-minute special)
 1977 The Garry McDonald Show (ABC TV – eight 30-minute colour episodes)
 1978–79 The Norman Gunston Show (7 Network – ten 60-minute episodes)
 1981 Gunston's Australia (7 Network 1981 – eight 30-minute episodes)
 1993 The Norman Gunston Show (7 Network – five 30-minute episodes)

1975 season 1 ABC TV episodes

Series 1 episode 1 (18 May 1975)
 Premier Norman Gunston Show episode filmed at ABN2 Gore Hill, Sydney TV studios. <mask> interviews Mary Fairfax, Kerrie Biddell, and Rolf Harris. Series 1 episode 2 (May 1975)
 <mask> interviews Prince Leonard and Lord Davies from the Hutt River Province, Western Australia; Rick Morosi (Junie Morosi's brother); Colleen Hewett before her departure overseas; Mrs Phillis Johnson; and Edward Woodward.<mask>'s dreamtime segment. <mask> concludes the show by performing "Keep You Satisfied". Series 1 episode 3 (June 1975)
 <mask> interviews Stratford Johns; Chelsea Brown; Mrs Andrea (local talk back radio personality); and Fred Nile. <mask>'s dreamtime: "How Josyln Mathew got her spots". Consumer straight talk: Chewing gum special report. Gunston concludes the show by performing "If (They Made Me a King)". Series 1 episode 4 (June 1975)
 <mask> interviews Ray Barrett; Edith Dahl, and Jack Thompson.Australian rock group Skyhooks perform "Horror Movie". <mask>'s dreamtime segment: "Why underpants ride up". Consumer straight talk: Venus flytrap. Series 1 episode 5 (June 1975)
 <mask> interviews Jack Mundey; Paul Graham, Warren Beatty. Australian harmonica performing trio, The Horrie Dargie Trio, perform Theme From "Shaft" by Isaac Hayes. Paul Graeme wrestles alligator. Gunston performs "Sweet Caroline".Series 1 episode 6 (June 1975)
 <mask> interviews the Carlton Football team in their dressing room; Mike Willesee; Marcia Hines; and Dr. Bertram Wainer. Gunston reports on "The joys of funny business". Gunston concludes show by performing "Liza with a Z". Series 1 episode 7 (July 1975)
 <mask> interviews Al Grassby; Bobbi Sykes; Little Pattie; and Cheech & Chong. <mask>'s dreamtime segment: "The beach umbrella finds Mr. Right". Consumer straight talk segment.Gunston closes show by performing "I Got You Babe" with Little Pattie. Series 1 episode 8 (July 1975)
 <mask> interviews Michele Dotrice; Edward Woodward; Beatrice Faust, and Peter Wherrett. Consumer straight talk segment: super shopping trolley reviewed by Peter Wherrett. Gunston closes show by performing "Out of Sight, Out of Mind". Series 1 episode 9 (July 1975)
 <mask> interviews Gary Glitter. <mask> stands outside Parliament House Canberra. Gunston performs "Here Come the Jets".Gunston promotional film for "Something or Other" brand cigarette commercial. <mask>'s nymphette 1975 competition final. Consumer straight talk – <mask>'s last eight video tapes. ABC chairman, Professor Downing announces new <mask>ton series due to commence in early September 1975. Gunston concludes show by performing "Tomorrow Belongs to Me". 1975 season 2 ABC TV Episodes

Season Two featured recurring sketch, "The Checkout Chicks". This sketch, a send-up of melodramatic soap operas set in a supermarket, mostly featured former cast members of the then-popular serial Number 96: Abigail, Vivienne Garrett, Candy Raymond, Philippa Baker, Judy Lynne, Anne Louise Lambert.Series 2 episode 1 (September 1975)
 <mask> interviews Joe Frazier; Muhammad Ali, Lady Fairfax; and Winifred Atwell. Special report on GI cordial nutrition. <mask>'s $400,000 slice of the good life competition. Gunston commences show with "Colour my World" and concludes with "Pinball Wizard". Series 2 episode 2 (September 1975)
 <mask> interviews Ray Charles; Junie Morosi; Peter Allen; and Telly Savalas. Episode one of Checkout Chicks. Spaceship Southern Hemisphere incorporating consumer straight talk.Gunston concludes show with "Send in the Clowns". Series 2 episode 3 (September 1975)
 <mask> interviews Australian rock group Ayers Rock; Denise Drysdale; and President Nixon's security guard. Special announcement to the nation regarding <mask>'s false girlfriend. <mask>'s dreamtime: "Why the orange juice gets swished around in that glass thing". Junior jaws kitchen tidy bin review. Series 2 episode 4 (September 1975) (Note: this episode only exists in black and white)
 <mask> interviews Hugh Hefner, Don Dunstan, and Barry Crocker. Series 2 episode 5 (October 1975)
 <mask> interviews Renée Geyer; Paul & Linda McCartney; Denny Laine; and radio talk-back priest Fr.Jim McLaren. Special report on keeping pets in units. Series 2 episode 6 (October 1975)
 <mask> interviews John Gorton; The Seekers; and Miss Australia 1975; Sally Struthers. Checkout chicks. Special report on LA smog verses Australia smog. Gunston concludes show by performing Vesti La Giubba. Series 2 episode 7 (December 1975)
 <mask> interviews Debra Byrne; Senator Albert Field; Michael Cole; and Vidal Sassoon.<mask> appears on the steps of Parliament House with Gough Whitlam – 11 November 1975. Gunston concludes show with "Delilah". Series 2 episode 8 (January 1976)
 <mask> interviews Edith Head; and Frank Zappa. <mask>'s dreamtime: "Why Aunty Pat took the kittens to the vet". <mask> look alike awards 1975. <mask> concludes show with "I who have nothing". 1976 season 3 ABC TV Episodes

Series 3 episode 1 (September 1976)
 <mask> interviews Malcolm Muggeridge; Frank Hardie; The Ink Spots; and Rudolf Nureyev.Gunston reports on the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games. Gunston concludes show with ABBA melody. Series 3 episode 2
 <mask> interviews Julie Ismay, Miss Australia 1976; Michael Caine; Brenda Kristen; Tim Taylor; and Tony Greig (from BBC2 UK special). <mask> attempts to speak with UK prime minister. Special report on Cambridge University life. Gunston concludes show with "A taste of water". Series 3 episode 3
 <mask> interviews Australian Olympic team; Diana Trask; Margaret Fulton; and John Stonehouse.<mask>'s dreamtime: "How the garden hose got where it is today". Special report on storing food under the house. <mask> concludes show with "Howzat". Series 3 episode 4
 <mask> interviews 1976 ABC chairman; Fred Daley; and Glenda Jackson. 1976 budget report. Royal marines song contest. <mask> will do his best segment: "How hundreds and thousands are made".Report on farming in your own flat. Gunston concludes show with "Don't tell me what to say". Series 3 episode 5
 <mask> interviews Leyland Brothers; John Sturgess; Donald Smith; and Mary Whitehouse. Gunston concludes show with "Jailhouse Rock". Series 3 episode 6
 <mask> interviews Jack Brabham; and Malcolm Fraser. Gunston concludes show with "Piano Man". Series 3 episode 7
 <mask> interviews Caroline Jones; Delilah; and Diana Dors (from BBC2 UK special).Marathon telethon 1976. <mask>'s dreamtime: "How the shaving cream gets in a lather". Gunston concludes show with duet with Delilah. Series 3 episode 8
 <mask> interviews Vera Lynn, Margaret Thatcher, and George Davis. Keith Moon pours vodka bottle over <mask>'s head. BBC2 1976 <mask> special
(19 November 1976)
 Michael Caine, Diana Dors, Tony Greig, Glenda Jackson, Malcolm Muggeridge, Diane Solomon. 1978–1979 ATN7 Episodes

Series 1 episode 1 (5 April 1978)
 Interviews: Henry Winkler, Phil Silvers, Charles Collinson, Billy Carter.Guests include: John Singleton, and Colleen Hewett. Series 1 episode 2 (1978)
 Interviews: James Garner, James Franciscus, Robert Stack, Elke Summer. Guests includes: Bob Simpson, Judy Connelly, 'Saturday Night Fever' take off. Series 1 episode 3 (1978)
 Interviews: Dawn Fraser, Ian 'Molly' Meldrum, John Farnham and Martin Landau. Series 1 episode 4 (11 October 1978)

Series 1 episode 5 (1978)

Series 2 episode 1 (1979)

Series 2 episode 2 (1979)

Series 2 episode 3 (29 August 1979)

Series 2 episode 4 (1979)

Series 2 episode 5 Xmas special (December 1979)

 Summary: <mask>'s Christmas special includes take off of Blondies' single "Heart of Glass"; interviews with Karen Black; Lee Marvin; hippies in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco; Leif Garrett; Elliott Gould; Henry Winkler; Ed Asner; George Segal; Zsa Zsa Gabor; Ricky Schroder; the Bee Gees; Robert Stigwood. Also shows <mask>ton doing songs "Use Your Hanky" and a take-off of the "Rocky" theme. Gunston's Australia 1981 ATN7 episodes

Series 1 episode 1 (February 1981)

 Summary: Garry Mcdonald (<mask>ton) in a runners starting position under a banner with 'GI book of records' wearing summer clothing and a backpack.Series 1 episode 2 (1981)

 Summary: Garry Mcdonald (<mask>) wearing safari jacket and shorts crouching as he uses spakfilla on a red dirt hill. An Ansett-ana bag sits nearby (the same bag appears in the 1993 series). Series 1 episode 3 (1981)

 Summary: Garry Mcdonald (<mask>) as Dr. Strange 1981; Grammy awards

masks:
Norman Gunston
Norman Guns
Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunstan
Norman
Norman
Norman Guns
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman
Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman
Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston
Norman Guns
Norman Guns
Norman Gunston
Norman Gunston


title: Alfredo Müller

texts:
<mask> (June 30, 1869 – February 7, 1939) was a Franco-Italian painter and printmaker of Swiss nationality. As a painter from Livorno, he might have belonged to the group of the Postmacchiaioli, together with Mario Puccini, Oscar Ghiglia, Plinio Nomellini, Ulvi Liegi, Giovanni Bartolena, and others, but he is a disciple of the Florentine portraitist Michele Gordigiani. As a French engraver, he was close to Francis Jourdain, Manuel Robbe, Richard Ranft, Eugène Delâtre, Théophile Steinlen. Biography

<mask> was born in Livorno to a wealthy Swiss family involved in the international cotton and coffee trades. At the age of 15, he began studying art in Florence with the masters Giuseppe Ciaranfi and Michele Gordigiani of the Academy of Fine Arts. There he became friends for life with Edoardo Gordigiani, the son of Michele, and Egisto Fabbri, a Tuscan-American. In 1886, as a young painter, he participated in the First Exhibition of Fine Arts of Livorno, together with established painters such as Giovanni Fattori and Silvestro Lega.In 1889, he exhibited two of his paintings at the Universal Exhibition in Paris, where he discovered Impressionism. This moment represented a turning point in the career of the young painter, as he was always concerned with colors and vibrations of light. After his return to Tuscany, his paintings, which now reflected the influence of Impressionism, sparked debate for their overly French character. At the same moment, the failure of the Bank of Livorno provoked the ruin of his father's house, and a few years later <mask> emigrated to Paris, eventually settling in Montmartre. He made friends in the social circle of artists, writers and musicians, becoming acquainted in particular with Renoir, but also with Pissarro and Cézanne, whom he considered his master, and became a well-known etcher in colours. Among his Italian friends in Paris, we find his relative Leonetto Cappiello and Libero Andreotti. In 1914, he was in Rome with Marguerite, whom he married in 1908.In Rome he exhibited 12 paintings at the Second Secession. Because of the war, he moved to Florence initially for a short while but he ended up staying for 18 years. The couple found a little house in the hills overlooking Florence, at Settignano. <mask> painted frequently, always working on the movement of light. A great part of his work in this period was dedicated to decorative arts, in which he could express his fascination for theater and its magic. After the political situation worsened, he returned to France in 1932 where he spent his last years. He died in Paris in 1939.He is the elder brother of the cycling champion Rodolfo <mask>, who ran the first Tour de France  (arrived 4th) and the brother in law of the American cycling-champion and pace-maker Gus Lawson who married his younger sister Marie. He descends from Lewis Evans (surveyor), geographer and close friend of Benjamin Franklin, whose daughter Amelia (Philadelphia 1744- Hythe (Southampton, 1835), married to the Irish sea Captain David Barry, was the great-grandmother of <mask>'s grandfather Charles Eugène Schintz, surgeon in Livorno. <mask>. Sur papier. Su carta. On Paper, Complete Catalogue of the Graphic Work has been published end of 2014 by Les Amis d'Alfredo Müller. Based on wide researches, this large publication lets for the first time overview the life of the artist and the coherence of his art.It gives complete notes for more than two hundred engravings all created in Paris between 1896 and 1906 and about one hundred drawings. The Complete Catalogue of the Painted Work is in preparation. References
<mask>. Opera grafica, catalogo della mostra a cura di Mario Quesada, con la collaborazione di Elisabetta Matucci e una testimonianza di Giuseppe Sprovieri, Livorno, Museo di Villa Maria, August – October 1982. <mask> 1869–1939, Color Etchings and Aquatints, Essay by Mario Quesada and an Introduction by Elisabetta Matucci, Houston, Gerhard Wurzer Gallery, February – March 1988. <mask> 1869–1939, Color Etchings and Aquatints, Houston, Gerhard Wurzer Gallery, September 1992. From Pissarro to Picasso.Color Etching in France. Works from the Bibliothèque nationale and the Zimmerli Museum, Phillip Dennis Cate & Marianne Grivel (ed. ), Rutgers, N.J., Amsterdam & Paris, 1992–1993. Francesca Cagianelli (a cura di), <mask>, Un ineffabile dandy dell'impressionismo, Firenze, Polistampa 2011. Emanuele Bardazzi, Hélène Koehl, Le peintre et graveur <mask>, un maître méconnu de l'eau-forte en couleurs à la Belle Epoque, in "Nouvelles de l'estampe" n. 233–234, Paris, Comité national de la Gravure française - BnF, March 2011, p. 18–32. Patrick-Gilles Persin, <mask>, une heureuse redécouverte, in "Nouvelles de l'estampe" n. 237, Winter 2011–2012, p. 73-74. Hélène Koehl, <mask> incisore de ‘La vie heureuse de Dante Alighieri’ nella Parigi della Belle Epoque, in "Grafica d’Arte" n. 89, January - March 2012, p. 18-23.Hélène Koehl et Emanuele Bardazzi, <mask> Lithographe/Litografo, préface de Mireille Romand, textes bilingues français et italien, notices complètes des lithographies de l'artiste, Paris-Strasbourg, Les Amis d'Alfredo Müller éditeur, 2012. Hélène Koehl, Dix eaux-fortes d’<mask> acquises par la BnF. Où il est question d’E. Delâtre, d’A. Vollard et d’E. Sagot, in "Nouvelles de l'estampe" n. 243, Summer 2013, p. 40-44. Hélène Koehl, <mask>, in "Impressions à Montmartre : Eugène Delâtre & <mask>", catalogue de l’exposition au Musée de Montmartre, 14 septembre 2013-12 janvier 2014, Milano, Silvana Editoriale 2013, p. 39-49
 Hélène Koehl, <mask>, un Livournais à Montmartre avant Modigliani (1896-1914), "Le Vieux Montmartre", 127ème année, nouvelle série n. 83, December 2013, p. 21-29
 Hélène Koehl, <mask>.Sur papier. Su carta. On Paper. Catalogue raisonné trilingue de l'oeuvre graphique. Avec des contributions d'Emanuele Bardazzi, Céline Chicha-Castex, Elisabetta Matucci, Nicolas Romand, Sarah Sauvin et une présentation de Rémi Mathis, Paris-Strasbourg, Les Amis d'<mask> Müller éditeur, November 2014. External links

Müller Expo at Sagot - Le Garrec, Paris, 2015
Müller Expo in Livorno Feb 26-Apr 25, 2011
Nouvelles de l'Estampe n. 233-234, Paris, 2011
<mask> at Studio d'Arte dell'Ottocento, Livorno
Diverse catalogues (entry: Alfred o <mask>) at the Frick Art Reference Library

1869 births
1939 deaths
People from Livorno
French etchers
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
Painters from Tuscany
20th-century French printmakers
19th-century male artists

masks:
Alfredo Müller
Müller
Müller
Müller
Müller
Alfredo
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo
Alfredo Müller
Alfredo Muller


title: Danny Dyer

texts:
<mask> (born 24 July 1977) is an English actor and presenter. <mask>'s breakthrough role was as Moff in Human Traffic, with other notable roles as Billy the Limpet in Mean Machine and as Tommy Johnson in The Football Factory. Following the success of The Football Factory, <mask> was often typecast in "hard-man" roles, although it was this image that allowed him to present The Real Football Factories, its spin-off, The Real Football Factories International and <mask>'s Deadliest Men. <mask> has also worked in theatre, having appeared in three plays written by Harold Pinter, with whom he had a close friendship. In 2013, he joined the cast of the BBC soap opera EastEnders, in the role of Mick Carter. He had previously turned down a role in 2009, and in his autobiography, Straight Up, said that he would not join the cast until he was "fat, bald and fifty". He won the Serial Drama Performance award at the National Television Awards in 2015, 2016, and 2019.In 2019, he began presenting the BBC game show The Wall. Early life
Danial <mask> was born in the Custom House area of London on 24 July 1977, the son of Christine (née Meakin) and <mask>. He has a younger brother, Tony (born 1979), and sister, Kayleigh (born 1986). His parents split up when he was nine and he was raised by his mother in Custom House. He began acting when he was a teen, and was bullied at school so badly by his peers that he lied about taking acting classes. In 2016, <mask>'s family history was the subject of a Series 13 episode of the BBC genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are?, where it was revealed that his family hails from the Poplar area of London. Census records showed many of them working in the manual occupations connected to the docks on the River Thames.Further research found that <mask> is a descendant of Thomas Cromwell and  of Elizabeth Seymour, the sister of Henry VIII's third wife Jane Seymour. Elizabeth married Cromwell's son Gregory Cromwell and, with the Seymour family's assertion to be descended from Edward III (<mask>'s 25th generation ancestor,) the line can be traced back to William the Conqueror and Charlemagne. In response, geneticist Adam Rutherford argued that an English person being descended from a Plantagenet king was "not remarkable," stating that "almost every Briton" can claim such descent. Career

Television
<mask> was discovered at a local school by an agent who auditioned him for the part of Martin Fletcher in the Granada Television series Prime Suspect 3 (1993), beginning his acting career at 16. He also appeared on television in episodes of Cadfael (1994), A Touch of Frost (1995), Loved Up (1995), Thief Takers (1996), Highlander and Soldier Soldier (both 1997). His many other television roles include appearances in the 2003 Channel 4 drama Second Generation, directed by John Sen; as Malcolm, main character Michelle's stepfather, in Skins; as a football player in the second series of Hotel Babylon; and as Matt Costello in what was supposed to be the pilot episode for Breathless, a BBC two-part television series in development from BBC Northern Ireland, renamed first "Blood Rush" and then Kiss of Death, when it premiered on BBC One as a one-part drama on 26 May 2008. Beginning in 2007, <mask> became the presenter of The Real Football Factories and The Real Football Factories International, a TV documentary series on Bravo, for which he travels, in the former throughout the United Kingdom and in the latter throughout the world, to meet and interview football club fans and hooligans.In <mask>'s Deadliest Men, "a gritty and hard-hitting documentary series that sees him venturing into the dark depths of the British underworld and hunting down some of the most notorious and feared men in Britain today", began airing on Bravo in the United Kingdom on 20 October 2008. In April 2009, he turned down a role in EastEnders, claiming that although he thought the role sounded good, he did not think he could cope with the pressure. In February 2012, <mask> appeared as a paramedic in an episode of Casualty. In March 2013, <mask> appeared as a guest on Celebrity Juice. <mask> appeared in the sixth series of Hollyoaks Later in October 2013, as The White Man. On 1 October 2013, the BBC announced that <mask> had been cast in EastEnders from Christmas 2013, as Mick Carter, the new landlord of The Queen Victoria pub. In February 2017, it was announced that <mask> would be taking a "short break" from EastEnders.In June 2018, <mask> appeared as a guest panelist on Good Evening Britain, a one-off spin-off show of Good Morning Britain, to discuss Britain's exit from the European Union. <mask> described it as a "mad riddle that no one knows what it is" and called the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, a "twat". In August 2018, <mask> began narrating MTV reality series, True Love or True Lies. In 2019, <mask> appeared in a history documentary, titled <mask>'s Right Royal Family. The two-part series premiered on BBC One on 23 January 2019. Also that year, <mask> co-presented True Love or True Lies on MTV alongside daughter Dani, as well as beginning his presenting role on The Wall on BBC One. Film
<mask> is known for his "bad boy" or "hard man" roles in film.<mask>'s first film role was in Human Traffic (1999). His subsequent movie work includes Mel Smith's High Heels and Low Lifes (2001) and starring roles in Borstal Boy (2000), Mean Machine (2002) and in four films by the British film director Nick Love: Goodbye Charlie Bright (2001); The Football Factory (2004); The Business (2005); and Outlaw (2007). Among other film roles, he also appeared as the character Steve in Christopher Smith's Severance (2006); as Hayden in Adulthood (2008); and as himself in the feature documentary Tattoos: A Scarred History. In 2008, he finished filming his roles as Pete and Tom in City Rats and 7 Lives, respectively. April 2009 saw the straight to DVD release of City Rats. Later that year, <mask> completed filming on Jack Said, a Brit noir thriller in which he played Nathan alongside Ashlie Walker, Terry Stone, David O'Hara and Simon Phillips, which was released in November 2009. This film is the prequel to Jack Says, which was released in 2008, and starred Mike Reid.In 2009, he shot several horror films including Doghouse under the direction of Jake West, and Basement under the direction of Asham Kamboj. He played one of the lead roles in the British vampire film Dead Cert. In June 2010, he was cast for the lead role in the remake of the British horror film The Asphyx, but it failed to secure production finance and was indefinitely shelved. <mask> co-starred with Anna Walton in Deviation, a British dark thriller written and directed by J. K. Amalou. In 2012, <mask> played the lead role in Ray Cooney's Run For Your Wife. Upon release in 2013, it was savaged by critics, who described it as one of the worst British films of all time. The film took in a mere £747 during its opening weekend.Theatre
<mask> has performed on stage, most notably in two plays written and directed by 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter: as the Waiter in the London première of Celebration (2000), at the Almeida Theatre, which transferred to Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, in New York, as part of the Harold Pinter Festival held there in July and August 2001; and as Foster in the revival of No Man's Land (1975), at the Royal National Theatre, in London, during 2001 and 2002. In March 2008, he played Joey in a revival of Pinter's The Homecoming (1964), directed by Michael Attenborough, at the Almeida Theatre, in London. He also performed in Peter Gill's play Certain Young Men (1999) in London. From 9 September 2009 to 3 October 2009, <mask> appeared as Sid Vicious in a new play called Kurt and Sid in London's West End at the Trafalgar Studios. Selected other work
<mask> is the voice of Kent Paul in the video games Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002) and Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004). He also appears in The Twang's 2007 video for "Two Lovers". I Believe in UFOs: <mask>, a documentary that sees <mask> journey to various "UFO hotspots" in the UK and the US in hope of experiencing a UFO sighting, was broadcast on BBC Three on 26 January 2010.In 2016, he appeared in drag in the Lucy Rose music video for "Nebraska". In 2020, he began co-hosting Sorted with the Dyers, a podcast alongside daughter Dani. In 2021, along with Will Mellor, <mask> recorded a new version of Vindaloo for NHS Charities. In January 2022, <mask> quit EastEnders so that he could accept an offer to appear on a Sky series. Controversies
In 2010, in his capacity as a celebrity agony uncle, <mask> wrote in Zoo that a young male reader could get over his recent break-up with a woman by "going on a rampage with the boys" or to "cut your ex's face, and then no one will want her". The comment was widely criticised by the media and the public, including the chief executive of the Fawcett Society, Ceri Goddard. <mask> later claimed that he was misquoted.<mask> was quoted in a May 2011 article in NME as wanting to headbutt film critic Mark Kermode. Kermode had mocked and impersonated <mask> on a recent edition of his BBC Radio 5 Live show with Simon Mayo. <mask> has been an outspoken critic of former Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron. In 2018, he referred to Cameron as a "twat" on live television, while also expressing contempt for Nigel Farage and Brexit. He voted for Brexit, but later changed his mind and considered himself to be a "poster boy" for the campaign to stop it. Personal life
<mask> resides in Debden, Essex. He began dating Joanne Mas in 1992 but they separated after the birth of their first daughter, future television personality <mask>, in 1996; they began dating other people, but soon started an affair with each other and decided to reconcile.They eventually married on 3 September 2016, after she proposed to him in March 2015. They also have a daughter named Sunnie and a son named Artie. <mask> has been open about his drug use. In his autobiography, he stated, "I've always taken drugs and I probably always will, but there's a difference between having the odd crafty bump up the snout as a reward for a job well done and letting it rule your life." He has argued for cocaine to be legalised because he argues that banning it has not worked. A lifelong football player and follower, <mask> supports West Ham United FC. In December 2007, he became the chairman of Kent League's Greenwich Borough FC, appointed by fellow actor Tamer Hassan, president of the football club.He said, "I just love football and the chance of being involved with a club is like a dream come true." The appointment was actually a publicity stunt to raise the profile of the club. In 2016, <mask> travelled to Sierra Leone to take part in Sport Relief. He said, "I don't know what to expect when I go over there, but I'm hoping that it will make some kind of difference. It's an honour to be asked." In 2011, <mask> released an autobiography titled Straight Up. In 2016, he released another autobiography titled The World According to <mask>: Life Lessons from the East End.Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Stage
 Certain Young Men (1999), by Peter Gill
 Celebration (2000), by Harold Pinter
 No Man's Land (2001–2002 revival), by Harold Pinter
 The Homecoming (2008 revival), by Harold Pinter
 Kurt and Sid (2009), by Roy Smiles

Notes

References

External links

1977 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English autobiographers
English football chairmen and investors
English game show hosts
English male film actors
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English sports journalists
Living people
Male actors from London
People from Canning Town
Television personalities from London

masks:
Danial John Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
John Dyer
Antony Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dani Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Danny Dyer


title: Rosena Brown

texts:
<mask> (; born c.1945) is an Irish actress of television, cinema, and stage from Belfast, Northern Ireland who also served as an intelligence officer for the Provisional IRA. Dubbed the "IRA Mata Hari", she was named in the murder trial of prison officer John Hanna, who was charged and convicted of helping the IRA kill colleague Brian Armour. She allegedly persuaded Hanna into providing information on Armour which she then passed on to the IRA; however, she was not charged with complicity in Armour's murder. In 1992, she and two men were arrested when a booby-trap bomb was found in their car. In 1993, she was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment, but was released in December 1998 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. A grandmother of nine, <mask> continued to work in local community theatre following her release. She was portrayed by actress Rose McGowan in the 2008 crime thriller film Fifty Dead Men Walking.Early life and career

<mask> was born in about 1945 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. She was brought up in the Irish nationalist Ardoyne area and raised in the Catholic religion. She later moved to west Belfast. When her marriage broke up, her husband left her with seven children to raise on her own. At one time she worked in a shirt factory alongside Protestants, which was relatively unusual in Belfast where Catholics and Protestants were typically segregated in the workplace as well as living in their own neighbourhoods and attending separate schools. Described as slim, blonde, immaculately groomed and petite, <mask> landed a small part in the 1983 film Acceptable Levels, which was shot on location in Belfast. It has a Troubles-related theme.She then joined the Charabanc Theatre Company which toured Britain, Europe, the US, and Canada. She had minor roles in Ken Loach's Hidden Agenda and Richard Attenborough's Closing the Ring, and she played alongside Sinéad O'Connor in Hush-a-Bye-Baby. She also had a role in the 2004 Irish comedy Man About Dog in which she played the mother of one of the film's main characters, Mo Chara. Prior to her imprisonment, she starred in the Northern Ireland Office Crack Crime campaign. She has done much work in local community theatre since her release from prison. IRA Intelligence Officer

She joined the Irish republican movement in 1970 as a worker for Sinn Féin, the political wing of the IRA. It is not known exactly when she joined the Provisional IRA, but in 1971 she was forced to go on the run and spent six years hiding in Dublin.After returning to Northern Ireland, she was arrested in 1978 for IRA activity and sent to Armagh Women's Prison for a brief period. Sometime after her release from Armagh she became an IRA Intelligence Officer, and later received the nickname of the "IRA Mata Hari" by the media. She was described by journalist Mark Devenport as having been especially suited for intelligence work; in particular she was highly skilled at losing herself when members of the security forces were tailing her. She often used the Irish version of her name, Róisín De Brún. According to journalist Liam Clarke, <mask> used a mixture of "blackmail, political argument and seduction" to inveigle John Hanna, a senior officer at the Maze Prison, into providing her with information on top loyalists and prison officer colleagues, which she then passed on to the IRA. This form of espionage is known as a "honey trap". The Belfast Telegraph newspaper described <mask> as "one of the most famous 'honeys'".When she was with Hanna she used the name "<mask>". Ulster Defence Association (UDA) leader Andy Tyrie suggested that Hanna gave <mask> information regarding the movements of UDA South Belfast brigadier John McMichael which she then passed on to the IRA who subsequently assassinated him. Hanna, who was completely infatuated with <mask> and later admitted that he was dominated by "a Provie woman", obtained the information regarding McMichael during the latter's visits to loyalist inmates inside the Maze. <mask> was personally introduced to McMichael at his pub the "Admiral Benbow" which he owned in his native Lisburn. She warned him that he was "being watched". John McMichael was killed on 22 December 1987 when a booby-trap bomb exploded underneath his car in his driveway. The IRA unit which planted the bomb was led by Seán Savage, who would later be gunned down by the SAS in Gibraltar in what became known as Operation Flavius.Neither Hanna nor <mask> were ever charged with involvement in McMichael's murder. It is widely believed that he was set up by his UDA associates. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Chief Constable Sir John Hermon also suggested that this was the case. Racketeer and UDA "fundraiser" James Craig was shot dead inside an east Belfast pub by the Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF) for allegedly setting up McMichael's assassination by the IRA. <mask>'s importance to the IRA as an Intelligence Officer is revealed by Martin McGartland in his memoirs. McGartland, an RUC Special Branch agent who infiltrated the IRA, alleged that he was ordered by both his IRA commander and his handlers to work with <mask>. He characterised her as having been "very well-spoken and pleasant to deal with", but firmly denied that they had had a love affair.He stated that in early 1990, she took a package wrapped in clingfilm out of her mouth and told him to deliver it to another IRA Intelligence Officer, Davy Adams (nephew of Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams). Inside the package was a list containing the names, addresses, postcodes, and car registration numbers of RUC officers, which had been copied from a police database. McCartland's handlers suggested that the highly detailed information had come from an RUC officer with whom <mask> had formed a liaison. In that same year, 1990, Hanna was sentenced to life imprisonment for aiding and abetting the IRA in the murder of his colleague, Brian Samuel Armour, vice-chairman of the Prison Officers' Association. Armour was killed by a booby-trap bomb on 4 October 1988 as he drove through Bloomfield in Belfast. Hanna allegedly provided <mask> with Armour's address which enabled the IRA to plant the bomb underneath his car. <mask> was named at Hanna's trial as the conduit through which the information on Armour was passed by Hanna to the IRA.She was taken in by the RUC for interrogation regarding the Armour killing whilst she was shooting Hush-a-Bye-Baby, a feature film for Channel Four. Rod Stoneman, Commissioning Editor at Channel Four, phoned the RUC protesting that her arrest was holding up production. A RUC Special Branch policeman reportedly replied, "Well, it may not have occurred to you, but we are fighting a war here". She wasn't charged in connection with Armour's killing and subsequently released from police custody. Although it was believed by the RUC and media that <mask> had sex with Hanna in order to obtain the information she needed, both she and Hanna adamantly maintained that during their encounters they never had a "full sexual relationship". According to McGartland, she and Hanna often met in lay-bys or the cemetery where his parents were buried. After the details of her involvement with Hanna became known to the public, <mask> ensconced herself in staunch republican areas of north and west Belfast.According to Devenport, she became romantically involved with IRA associate Davy Adams during this period. Arrest and imprisonment

In early 1992, <mask> was arrested in the seaport of Larne along with IRA volunteers Paul McCullough and Steven Canning, when a booby-trap bomb was discovered in the glove box of their car. She had been driving the car towards the town when RUC officers stopped the vehicle, ordered her to pull over and all three occupants out onto a verge. As she took off her woollen cap, the ginger wig she had been wearing as a disguise slipped off, therefore revealing her identity. The RUC then found the bomb inside the car. On 10 September 1993, she was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment at Mourne House, the women's unit of HM Maghaberry for illegal possession of explosives and conspiracy to murder members of the security forces. The arrest of <mask> led to some recriminations within loyalist circles.The April 1992 edition of UDA official journal New Ulster Defender not only highlighted the case of <mask> but also claimed that her activity was standard practice within republicanism, claiming:

It would appear she is one of a number of very evil women who play an integral part in the republican war machine. And recent information would suggest that these evil persons are frequenting drinking establishments in loyalist towns and along the Golden Mile in Belfast, to try and tempt off-duty Security Force members and loyalist paramilitaries back to their lair to receive a coup de grace. So loyalists beware when you are drinking in town or you could end up on your backs for all the wrong reasons. Whilst in prison, she studied music, art and law. She completed two years of an Art degree from Open University. She was released in mid-December 1998 under the terms of the Good Friday Agreement. Later years

Soon after her release from Maghaberry, she performed in the west Belfast theatrical production of the play, A Mother's Heart with other former IRA women prisoners.It is a monologue about four mothers who have each lost children. In a February 1999 interview with the Sinn Féin's official newspaper, An Phoblacht she offered the following comments regarding the play,

It [the play] also brings real humanity to the grief of loss; they are not just names on the news, where you read about deaths but then get distracted, this play really hits home. She has since continued to work with the west Belfast theatre group. She has retained some links to republicanism and was shown in attendance at a Bobby Sands memorial event in 2009 as well as performing at Sinn Féin celebration for International Women's Day in 2010. She has also worked for Coiste na nIarchimi, an organisation for former republican prisoners in which they are employed as tour guides around the Falls Road and other republican areas. Through her seven children, <mask> has nine grandchildren. <mask> was portrayed by actress Rose McGowan in the 2008 crime thriller film Fifty Dead Men Walking which is based on IRA infiltrator Martin McGartland.According to author Ian S. Wood, <mask> refuses to talk about her past as an IRA member. During an interview, she promised journalist Mark Devenport that he would be able to tell her life story, "but that won't be until the war's over". Filmography
 Acceptable Levels (film, 1983)
 Reefer and the Model (film, 1989) – "The Blonde"
 Hidden Agenda (film, 1990)
 Hush-a-Bye Baby  (film, 1990) – "Mrs. Friel"
 Man About Dog (film, 2004) – "Mo Chara's Ma"
 Pulling Moves: Catch the Pidgeon (TV series, 2004) – "Mrs. Reilly"
 Closing the Ring (film, 2007) – "Shelterer From the Air Raid"
 Marù: Daphne Taylor (TV series, 2007) – "Attack Victim"

Theatre
 Now You're Talkin (1985) – "Madeleine"
 Gold in the Streets (1986) – various characters
 The Girls in the Big Picture (1986) – "Esther Moore" and "Patsy Flood"
 A Mother's Heart (1999) – "Marjorie"

External links

References

1940s births
Actresses from Belfast
Film actresses from Northern Ireland
Irish republicans
Irish republicans imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Irish spies during The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
Living people
Provisional Irish Republican Army members
Stage actresses from Northern Ireland
Television actresses from Northern Ireland

masks:
Rosena Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Ann Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: David Lane (musician)

texts:
<mask> "Davey" <mask> (born 31 January 1981) is an Australian musician. He is a solo artist and lead guitarist of You Am I (since 1999). He was also lead singer-guitarist of The Pictures (from 2000) and member of Australian supergroup, The Wrights. Biography
As a teenager <mask> transcribed the guitar parts for Australian alternative rock group, You Am I's, website. He provided lead guitar as a session musician for the group's founding mainstay Tim Rogers on his debut solo album, What Rhymes with Cars and Girls, which was released in March 1999. To promote the album, Rogers formed The Twin Set as his backing band, with <mask>: were Jen Anderson on violin; Ian Kitney on drums; and Stuart Speed on upright bass. When You Am I reconvened in July that year, <mask> joined as a second guitarist for the band.<mask>'s first recorded work with You Am I is their live album, ...Saturday Night, 'Round Ten, which was issued in September 1999. It had been recorded at the Casa del Resaca Warehouse in Richmond, in July. His first studio album with the group, Dress Me Slowly, appeared in April 2001. Australian music journalist, Ed Nimmervoll, felt that <mask>'s addition was "an important change" as it gave the group "extra guitar bite both on stage and in the studio". Also in 2001 <mask> formed a side-project, the alternative rock group, The Pictures, with Leigh White on bass guitar and Brett Wolfenden on drums. Their debut single, "You'll See", appeared on the Illustrious Artists label that same year. They followed with a four-track debut extended play, I Dealt a Rollercoaster, in 2002.Fist2Face's reviewer describes their work as the "sound of the modern world colliding with blood, sweat and wood to create timeless, melodic rock music. High on total energy yet grounded by killer hooks and playing". Craig Mathieson of The Sydney Morning Herald noted their style "alternated between impassioned Neil Young workouts and Who-like eruptions". In January 2004 <mask> was nominated as Best Lead Guitarist at the inaugural Jack Awards. In October that year Nic Cester of Jet organised a charity project, The Wrights, to raise money for Australian musician, Stevie Wright. The supergroup recorded a cover version of Wright's signature song, "Evie", which was an 11-minute hit single from 1974. <mask> provided rhythm guitar for Part 1 of "Evie", titled "Let Your Hair Hang Down" and lead guitar for Part 3, "I'm Losing You".On 29 January 2005 <mask> performed "Evie" with The Wrights at Waveaid in relief of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, presented at the Sydney Cricket Ground. "Evie" by The Wrights was issued in February 2005, which peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Since 2005 <mask> has periodically played in Jimmy Barnes' backing band for touring and live recording. In June 2005 The Pictures' debut album, Pieces of Eight, appeared. Mathieson felt that its "best moments, such as the melancholic 'All My Ties' and opener 'Stupid Me', forsake the usual bravado of first albums for a more reflective tone". In 2007 he joined Crowded House for their tour in Europe and Australia, temporarily replacing Liam Finn on miscellaneous guitar, keyboard and backup vocal duties.Late in 2008 <mask>'s groups each released an album: both You Am I's Dilettantes (September) and The Pictures' Kicking Indifference (November). On 6 September 2013, <mask> issued his debut solo extended play, The Good Borne of Bad Tymes, which was supported by a national tour in September and October. The Heralds Jade Lazarevic described its "five tracks are a departure from <mask>’s retro rock roots, with synths influenced by '70s groups such as the Gary Numan-fronted Tubeway Army and German electronic pioneers Kraftwerk working their way into the sound and even a 'space rock jam' track". Joined The Stems in November 2017 and toured Europe April/May 2018 for the 30th anniversary of The Stems debt album "At First Sight Violets Are Blue". In 2018 he formed a group to back the legendary Todd Rundgren for an Australian tour. According to <mask>, they have also collaborated in the studio on upcoming releases. Since 2016 he has also performed periodically as touring guitarist for Robyn Hitchcock.Movies, television and media
 Contributed to the Dirty Deeds soundtrack. <mask> has made multiple appearances on talk shows and musical presentation programs such as Rove Live, RocKwiz, JTV (now known as Triple J TV), The Carnival with Roy and HG, The Fat, Studio 22, The Gig, 10:30 Slot, as well as getting the honorable privilege of programming the music video program Rage (ABC) with You Am I in 2006. He is also webmaster and an occasional presenter on Melbourne Community Radio station Stereo 974's Let It Be Beatles program. They commenced in 2005.

! |-
| 2021
| <mask>
| Best Musician
|
|
|-

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Specific

External links
 <mask> on Myspace

Australian rock guitarists
1981 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
You Am I members
The Wrights (Australian band) members
21st-century guitarists

masks:
David Daniel
Lane
Davey Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
David Lane
Davey Lane


title: Stephen Chukwumah

texts:
<mask> (born 17 September 1988) is an international youth, and human rights activist. He is a public speaker and a former fellow of the faculty of Law, University of York, England. <mask> is currently a Division Coordinator at the International Monetary Fund in Washington D.C. He is from Ebenebe in Awka North LGA, Anambra state, Nigeria. Education
<mask> has a masters degree in Global Policy from Johns Hopkins University in the United States. He started his primary education at Duro-Oyedoyin primary school surulere Lagos and finished as one of the best pupil, he attended Iponri Estate High School in surulere Lagos for his secondary education. During his time in high school, <mask> and a select few were chosen by their teachers to represent their school at the National Youth AIDS program for peer-educators organised by the Lagos state government and National Union of Teachers Lagos state chapter.<mask> was offered admission to read mass-communication at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Awka Anambra state but he proceeded to the prestigious Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo state, to read English and Literary studies. During his first year at the university, he was voted his class representative after a keenly contested election and he occupied the position till graduation due to his impeccable leadership skills and for constantly advocating for the rights of students in the university. After his undergraduate degree, <mask> proceeded to the University of York in England as visiting fellow in the faculty of law. Career
<mask> worked as a peer-educator in his early days in high school and was trained by the Lagos State Government through the National Youth AIDS program and also through the National Union of Teachers' HIV/AIDS program Lagos chapter. He started at a very young age, his advocacy and voluntary work with NGO's in Nigeria, working with Most at Risk Populations(MARPS), serving as a youth board member for one of Nigeria's NGO working on sexual health. <mask> started his international work with the Youth Coalition on sexual and reproductive rights in Canada, he served as an International Youth Advisor to the United Nations Fund Population Agency and as an International Advisor to Rutgers Nisso Group through their Youth Incentives program in the Netherlands. He worked as a steering committee member for the HIV Young Leaders Fund, served as a youth activist for Advocates for Youth in Washington DC USA.He is the founder and Executive Director of Improved Youth Health Initiative, working on sexual health and rights for and with young people in Eastern Nigeria. He has a diploma from the RFSU International Training program on Sexual Health and Human Rights in Stockholm Sweden and Cape Town South Africa sponsored by the Swedish government. In May 2013, <mask> with three other representatives from civil society organisations met with the Swedish minister for International Development Cooperation Ms. Gunilla Carlsson to discuss development issues affecting young people in Nigeria and suggest possible ways of co-operation between Sweden and Nigeria. In December of the same year, <mask> wrote an open letter to the Senate President of Nigeria, condemning the governments move to criminalise sexual minorities. In his open letter, he highlighted the ugly impact their actions would have on Nigeria's effort to curb HIV/AIDS. The widely read letter was published on different media platforms with excerpts from the letter appearing in an article in the renowned UK magazine The Economist. In 2013, <mask> became the youngest at the time to be awarded a scholarship to do a fellowship at the Faculty of Law University of York in England.During his time in England, he was invited to a breakfast with the Mayor of York to discuss his work and general human rights issues in Nigeria and the African region. <mask> is also regarded as a refreshing public speaker and has spoken to young girls at the Mount school in York United Kingdom. He was one of the speakers at the Langwith College International Action Week and gave a very well received public talk on sexual rights to professors and students of the faculty of law University of York England. <mask> speaks at international conferences, workshops, trainings and has spoken at the highly acclaimed University of Maryland, USA. He facilitates sessions and workshops at international and local trainings including a session at the 2012 International AIDS conference youth pre-conference. <mask> travels the world working on human rights and sexual health issues and he writes on topics that he is passionate about. He writes about social issues in Nigeria through articles on Jungle Justice, Gender Equality.and an Open Letter to Governor Abiola Ajimobi of Oyo state in south-westerm Nigeria. In November 2016, <mask> was selected as DyNAMC Magazine's Leader for a Changing World and was featured on the front page of their November issue. Acting and dancing
<mask> started acting as a hobby at a young age at home and in church and would then proceed to becoming very popular in secondary school for participating in drama presentations. As a teenager, he started dancing professionally with a dance group in Lagos and they performed at different events and cities in Nigeria. <mask> through his work with Youth Abalaze in Nigeria was featured in a campus soap-opera "Evanessence" but has since been unreleased. Human rights activism
<mask> is an internationally recognised human rights activist. His involvement with human rights work started in school with advocating for the rights of students which led him into hiding in a remote village in Edo state Nigeria for two weeks after participating in a student protest and challenging the state government on television for increasing school fees.In 2007 he started a youth organisation that provides sexual health and human rights information and services to young sexual minorities. <mask> through his organisation Improved Youth Health Initiative, continues to provide human rights and HIV/AIDS information and services to young minorities with funding and technical support from MTV Staying Alive Foundation and Advocates for Youth. References

External links
http://zimuzo.com/2013/01/11/stephen-chukwumah/
http://youthcoalition.org/html/alumni.php?alumni=1
http://www.hivyoungleadersfund.org/about-us/team/
https://www.law.upenn.edu/journals/jlasc/articles/volume15/issue2/Kossen15U.Pa.J.L.&Soc.Change(2012)143.pdf
http://www.bayelsabookfair.com/stephen-chukwumah/
http://www.conversationsforabetterworld.com/2011/06/get-involved
 http://www.iyhinitiative.org/
http://telegraphng.com/2013/10/campaign-sexual-health-rights-issues-2/

Nigerian activists
Living people
1988 births

masks:
Stephen Chibuikem Chukwumah
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen Chukwumah
Stephen


title: Glenn Shorrock

texts:
<mask>  (born 30 June 1944) is an English-born Australian singer-songwriter. He was a founding member of rock bands the Twilights, Axiom, Little River Band and post LRB spin-off trio Birtles Shorrock Goble, as well as being a solo performer. The Twilights had eight consecutive national hit singles including "Needle in a Haystack" and "What's Wrong with the Way I Live". Axiom's top 10 hits were "Arkansas Grass", "Little Ray of Sunshine" and "My Baby's Gone". Little River Band had national and international chart success, including the Shorrock-penned "Emma", "Help Is on Its Way" and "Cool Change". <mask> was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame as a solo artist in 1991 and as a member of Little River Band in 2004. In May 2001, the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the APRA Top 30 Australian songs of all time.Early years
<mask> <mask> was born on 30 June 1944 in Chatham, Kent, England. His family migrated to Adelaide, South Australia, on the Orcades in August 1954 when he was 10. His father, <mask>, was a Yorkshire-born fitter and turner at the Weapons Research Establishment in Salisbury, South Australia. The 1954–55 summer had days of  and Black Sunday bushfires ravaged the Adelaide Hills in January 1955. His London-born mother, <mask>, was not impressed with Australia and she took <mask> and his younger sister back to UK on the Strathmore, only to return to Australia on the Fairsea for a second attempt in 1956. The family settled in Elizabeth,  north of Adelaide. <mask>'s first public performance took place in 1958 at St Peter's Lutheran church hall in Elizabeth when he mimed to Elvis Presley's recording of "All Shook Up" on a gramophone and strumming on a cardboard guitar.When the record player stopped he was forced to continue singing by himself and realised he had a good voice. In 1962, <mask> formed his first band, the Checkmates, with Clem McCartney, Mike Sykes and Billy Volraat. They were a doo wop harmony group covering the Platters and the Crew Cuts material. Sometimes teaming up with instrumental groups the Vector Men or the Hurricanes, the Checkmates performed in Adelaide cafes and folk clubs. As a result of the Beatles' popularity, members of the Checkmates and the Hurricanes merged to form the Twilights in 1964. The Twilights

In 1964 <mask>, with McCartney as co-lead vocalist, formed the Twilights by merging with the Hurricanes' Frank Barnard on drums, Peter Brideoake on guitar, Terry Britten on guitar and John Bywaters on bass guitar. Their debut single, "I'll Be Where You Are", co-written by <mask> and Britten, was released in June 1965.The band had eight consecutive hit singles, including covers of the Velvelettes' "Needle in a Haystack" and the Hollies' "What's Wrong with the Way I Live" (recorded at Abbey Road Studios in London). With two lead singers, two guitarists and five vocalists, the Twilights performed note-perfect covers of pop-rock songs and were famed for their live prowess. They relocated to Melbourne late in 1965 and were popular with teenage audiences and respected by fellow musicians. In July 1966, they won Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds with the prize including a trip to London. In 1967, shortly after returning from London, the group regularly performed the entire Sgt Pepper's album live in sequence, weeks before it was released in Australia. The Twilights disbanded in January 1969 and <mask> became band manager for Brisbane pop group the Avengers. Axiom

In May 1969 in Melbourne, <mask> formed an early Australian "supergroup", Axiom, with Brian Cadd on keyboards and vocals, Don Mudie on lead guitar (both ex-the Groop), Doug Lavery (The Valentines) on drums and Chris Stockley (Cam-Pact) on guitar.They recorded two highly acclaimed albums, Fool's Gold and If Only ...; and had three top 10 singles, "Arkansas Grass", "Little Ray of Sunshine" and "My Baby's Gone" on the Go-Set national charts. Axiom travelled to UK but disbanded there in March 1971. <mask> remained in the UK to pursue his solo career; he signed with MAM Records and released the self-penned "Let's Get the Band Together" single in October 1971. This was followed by a cover of "Rock'n'Roll Lullaby" (written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil) in March 1972. As Andre L'Escargot and His Society Syncopaters, he released "Purple Umbrella" with his backing band being Quartet members Britten, Kevin Peek, Trevor Spencer and Alan Tarney. He joined the multinational progressive rock band Esperanto, which released their debut album, Esperanto Rock Orchestra, in 1973 with the Shorrock-written track "Statue of Liberty". He left Esperanto before their third album was released in 1974 and performed backing vocals for Cliff Richard.Little River Band

Mississippi was an Australian rock band which was working in the UK with Beeb Birtles on vocals and guitar, Graham Goble (later Graeham Goble) on guitar and vocals and Derek Pellicci on drums. They contacted <mask> (former bass guitarist for the Masters Apprentices) to become their manager. Birtles, previously in Adelaide band Zoot, called <mask> to take part in the line up. <mask> returned to Australia in October 1974 and joined Mississippi in January 1975 in Melbourne. They were soon renamed as Little River Band with the original line up of Birtles, Goble, Pellicci, <mask> and lead guitarist Ric Formosa and bassist Roger McLachlan. The group went on to become one of the most successful bands ever to come out of Australia and the first to achieve major commercial success in the United States. For Little River Band, <mask> wrote the hits "Emma", "Help Is on Its Way" (Australian No.1) and "Cool Change". While still a member of Little River Band, <mask> released a solo single, a cover of Bobby Darin's 1959 hit "Dream Lover" in April 1979 on EMI, which peaked at No. 8 on the Kent Music Report singles chart. In February 1982, <mask> left Little River Band and was replaced by John Farnham who was managed by Wheatley. <mask> returned to Little River Band in 1988 but, despite several quality albums, they did not regain the earlier stellar recognition. He left again in 1991 leaving the naming rights with guitarist Stephen Housden. In May 2001 the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA), as part of its 75th-anniversary celebrations, named "Cool Change" as one of the Top 30 Australian songs of all time.Later solo career
In 1982, <mask> released the solo album Villain of the Peace and a single, "Rock and Roll Soldier", on Capitol Records recorded in Los Angeles with John Boylan (Charlie Daniels, Little River Band) producing. "Rock and Roll Soldier" reached the Australian top 40 in November but he did not achieve the international success attained with Little River Band. Late in 1982 he toured Australia and then teamed with Renée Geyer to release a duet, "Goin' Back", on Mushroom Records in February 1983. One of his backing singers was Wendy Matthews who had been a session singer in Los Angeles. "We're Coming to Get You", which peaked at No. 6 in October, was recorded with folk group, the Bushwackers. It was the theme for the film We're Coming to Get You.He released "Don't Girls Get Lonely?" in November. In 1984, he recorded "Restless" for the documentary World Safari II: The Final Adventure. In 1985, <mask> released The First Twenty Years, which was a double-LP album compilation of his career work with tracks by the Twilights, Axiom and Little River Band as well as solo work. He was compere of Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) TV music series Rock Arena in 1986 and as a breakfast announcer for radio station Magic 11 in Sydney. His solo single, "American Flyers", appeared in July. He performed on the tour of the stage show One for the Money in 1986–87.He appeared in other stage shows including his own showcase productions Go Cat Go (1990–91) and Two Up (1996). On 25 March 1991, <mask> was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Hall of Fame, alongside contemporary rocker Billy Thorpe, bass-baritone Peter Dawson and jazz musician Don Burrows. In 1993, he re-joined with Axiom bandmate Brian Cadd to record Blazing Salads and three singles for Blue Martin Records as well as a subsequent two-year tour. On tour <mask> played his hit songs, along with those of Axiom accompanied by Cadd and a backing band of Rex Goh on guitar (ex-Air Supply), Kirk Lorange on guitar (Richard Clapton Band) and Mark Kennedy on drums (Spectrum, Ayers Rock, Marcia Hines Band). Long Way to the Top was a 2001 ABC TV six-part documentary on the history of Australian rock and roll from 1956 to the modern era. <mask> provided some interviews, "In Awe of The Beatles", "Being Pop Stars" and "Coming from the UK", about his early years with the Twilights. A Long Way to the Top Tour followed in August–September 2002 with <mask> appearing with the Twilights in the first set performing "What's Wrong with the Way I Live?"and "Needle in a Haystack"; he returned in the second set with Axiom to perform "Arkansas Grass" and "Little Ray of Sunshine". In 2002, <mask> reunited with other Little River Band founders Beeb Birtles and Graeham Goble to form Birtles Shorrock Goble. On 17 October 2004, the 1970s members of Little River Band: Birtles, David Briggs, Goble, George McArdle, Derek Pellicci and <mask>, were inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame. The later members, including fellow Australian John Farnham and US-based musicians, were not included in this induction. Due to a 2002 legal ruling on their right to use the band's name, they performed "Help Is on the Way" as the "classic lineup" of Little River Band. Birtles <mask> Goble recorded a successful DVD and CD, Full Circle (2005), and toured until 2007. In August–September, the trio played a medley of Little River Band hits at the Countdown Spectacular two concert series.In 2005, <mask> also undertook his career-spanning "The Reminiscing Tour – <mask> & Friends" with invited guest singers including Doug Parkinson and Wendy Matthews. In May–June 2006, he partnered actress Judy Nunn on the first season of a reality TV singing competition, It Takes Two. They were voted off after week three. His first solo CD for seven years, Meanwhile, which contains acoustic versions of his career hits was released in 2007 on the Liberation Blue label. He performed a Beatles tribute show, Let It Be, with Parkinson, Sharon O'Neill and Mark Williams. In 2008, Shorrock toured with the musical Shout! The Legend of the Wild One based on the life of Australian rocker Johnny O'Keefe.In July 2010, <mask> performed a retrospective of his 45 years in the music industry. Currently <mask> continues to tour Australia performing for public and private events in Australia and promotes new local music artists. In early 2013 he and his band were headlining performers in Macau, New York and London for the media launch of the Titanic II project. This was at the personal invitation of Australian entrepreneur Clive Palmer. In October 2014, <mask> was inducted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame alongside Bon Scott's former band Fraternity, Chris Finnen and David "Daisy" Day. Shorrock released his autobiography, Now, Where Was I?, in June 2018. <mask> was appointed an honorary member of the Order of Australia (AM) on 26 January 2020, awarded for significant service to the performing arts as a singer, songwriter and entertainer.In 2021, <mask> appeared in the Australian film "A Stitch in Time". Personal life
<mask> met his first wife, Sue Doran, a Melbourne nurse, in 1966. The couple married in 1967 and divorced in 1971. In 1975, Shorrock met Jo Swan, a video producer nine years his junior, who worked in the same building (Armstrong Studios) where Little River band was recording its first album. They married in 1980,separated in 2019 and divorced in 2020. <mask> married Irene Rose, a teacher, on 21 December 2021. Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Other singles

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.They commenced in 1987. <mask> was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1991. |-
| ARIA Music Awards of 1991
| himself
| ARIA Hall of Fame
|

Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame
The Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame was established in 2004 to honour the lifetime achievements of some of Australia's greatest songwriters. |-
| 2006
| himself
| Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame
|
|}

King of Pop Awards
The King of Pop Awards were voted by the readers of TV Week. The King of Pop award started in 1967 and ran through to 1978. |-
| 1977
| himself
| Best Australian Songwriter
|
|-

See also
<mask> - Talking Heads
<mask> - This Is Your Life
<mask> - The Don Lane Show (1980)

References

General

  Note: Archived on-line copy has limited functionality. Note: on-line version established at White Room Electronic Publishing Pty Ltd in 2007 and was expanded from the 2002 edition.Specific

External links
<mask> official website
Online Museum
<mask>rock holdings at the National Film and Sound Archive
National Library of Australia
Official Music page of <mask>
Official <mask> Facebook page
Interview with <mask> and Jo Shorrock 2010

1944 births
Living people
People from Chatham, Kent
Australian male singer-songwriters
British soft rock musicians
English emigrants to Australia
APRA Award winners
Honorary Members of the Order of Australia
Musicians from Adelaide
Little River Band members
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
ARIA Award winners
Capitol Records artists
The Twilights members
20th-century Australian male singers
21st-century Australian male singers
Birtles Shorrock Goble members

masks:
Glenn Barrie Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Barrie
Shorrock
Harry Shorrock
Joyce Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Wheatley
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shor
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn Shorrock
Glenn


title: Eugeni Xammar

texts:
<mask> (Barcelona, January 17, 1888 – L'Ametlla del Vallès, December 5, 1973) was an international journalist, career diplomat, and polyglot translator (he spoke seven languages and wrote five) who lived most of his life outside of Catalonia as a correspondent in Europe during the stormy, unstable years of the First and Second World Wars. He worked as a correspondent in Buenos Aires, Paris, Madrid, London, Berlin, Washington DC, and Geneva, and traveled to Italy, Russia, and Austria, among others. As a correspondent, he collaborated principally with Catalan media outlets, writing in Catalan, like La Publicitat, La Veu de Catalunya, or Mirador magazine, which he complemented with activities in Spanish in South American publications and the Madrid-based newspaper Ahora. His mastery of languages allowed him to work as a translator for international organizations like the UN, WHO, World Bank, and FAO. His longest assignment was in Berlin, between 1922 and 1936, during the Weimar Republic, when Xammar published in 1923 an alleged interview of Hitler, the first known such of the future Führer, in which he explains how he was incubating what he called "the serpent's egg". Eighty years later, the authenticity of this interview was called into question by Lluís Permanyer and Albert Sánchez Piñol. These are the years in which he coincided with Josep Pla who was also a correspondent and with whom he maintained a lifelong friendship.From Berlin, he narrated the repercussions of the First World War on the German populace that led to the evolution of Nazism and Hitler's arrival to power. Always committed to the Republic and to the Government of the Generalitat de Catalunya, of which he was a representative in Paris during the postwar period under President Irla, his actions led to Francoist reprisals and extradition, as well as the disappearance of his name and his work for an entire generation of students until his posthumous memoir was published in the mid 1970s. Xammar defined himself as a democrat, Republican, and Catalanist. He stated: "when it comes to Catalonia, I have never taken precautions". He was very critical of those who, despite sharing positions like his own, considered themselves "non-belligerents" with the postwar Francoist regime, like for example the intellectuals who contributed to Destino magazine, despite it being a key liberal, Catalanist, democratic source of the times. Biography
Although he was born in Barcelona, in 1900 he moved with his mother and his brother Josep Maria to the Can Xammar de Dalt manor house in Almetlla del Vallès. The property, which had been the third most important one in the municipality, had fallen into ruin due to Phylloxera, when his mother, the widow of <mask>, inherited it.His mother tried to save the mostly rural property, renting rooms to Barcelonians who spent summers outside of the city, and the custom became widespread and turned Almetlla into a summer resort during the first third of the 20th century. But it was not enough, and two years after arriving, the still adolescent <mask> <mask> had to decide whether to accept the challenge suggested by his mother of becoming a farmer and continuing the family business. His restless temperament kept him from any kind of farm-related vocation, and he answered that "whether farming or managing a farm, living in Ametlla for my whole life doesn't appeal to me in the slightest". When he was 14, his mother told him they would finish the winter in Ametlla and then work in Barcelona, in the cotton business Sucesores de B. Brutau. Four years later, his mother was forced to sell the farm at a loss to another cotton industrialist, Joan Millet i Pagès, brother of the director of the Orfeó Català, Lluís Millet. From that moment on, the property was rebaptized with the name Can Millet. This was not the only change, since the new owner hired the modernist architect in fashion in the area, Manuel Joaquim Raspall, to remodel the place.Xammar was flabbergasted when he saw the new look, and he wrote, "A touch of Raspall—to call it that—was all that was needed to transform a magnificent, gigantic farmhouse, with two sides, into a sort of inedible Easter Egg that to this day still frightens any sensible person." In August 1909, he took advantage of the 1500 pesetas that his aunt had given him to pay to get out of his military service in order to take a trip to Paris to polish his French while he took on all manner of jobs in order to survive. It's not clear whether he went to make a break with the environment of Barcelona during the Tragic Week of 1909, that he was already reflecting upon in his columns in El Poble Català, or if it was to get out of doing military service. He returned from Paris, passing quickly through Catalonia, before heading on to Argentina, a country that he found distressing and that he left three months later to go back to Paris where he lived for two years, between 1910 and 1912, living a Bohemian life. Next he began work as a newspaper correspondent that led him to live in various countries without returning to Barcelona until 1917, due to his mother having a serious illness, which kept him in Barcelona until 1918. Between 1918 and 1936, he lived in Paris, Madrid, Geneva, and Berlin. Marriages
At the end of 1922 in Berlin, Xammar married Amanda Fürstenwerth Goetsche, a cultured German woman with whom he lived until her death in 1969, after an operation on her femur.In the last years of their marriage, <mask> had a French lover 40 years his junior, Francine Mesne, employed by the UNESCO in Paris, who became his second wife on May 2, 1970 in Santa Maria de Llerona (Vallès Oriental). His few friends attended the wedding, including Josep Badia and the musician Josep Maria Ruera i Pinart, who played the Catalan Anthem, Els Segadors, at the doors of the church. The pair made their home in Paris, but just a few months later, <mask>'s health deteriorated due to a violent attack of Zoster Herpes that evolved into long, aching pain between his ribs. After a few months, on February 22, 1971, he tripped and broke his femur. He was operated on in Paris at the age of 83, and his wife Francine, unwilling to take care of an old man, sent him to his home in Ametlla. She stayed in Paris and visited him on a few occasions before his death. Last years in Ametlla
Despite the short stay during his youth in Ametlla del Vallès, Xammar always returned to the town when he was passing through Catalonia.He was always clear that he wanted to end up in the town in which he had refused to be a farmer, and which would have limited his freedom of movement. He thought, however, that he would fulfill that objective after a few years of globetrotting, like his friend Josep Pla explained to him in a letter at the end of the 1920s: "However closed the paths may seem, I have the impression that in three years at the most, things will have changed and we will meet once again in Catalonia. I think I'll be able to save 12,000 marks this year that I can devote to buying land in Ametlla—and I confess the fact that I'm starting to miss it. Next year, I want to return to Catalonia no matter what, paying off my military service beforehand, of course, if I could stay, I would stay." Even though he didn't have his own house, he took advantage of any opportunity of talking up the town, like in 1931 when he brought the Civil Governor from the new Republican government, Carlos Esplá, accompanied by the journalist Francisco Madrid on an excursion to Ametlla. His dreams didn't come true until 1932, the year in which he bought Can Feliu, with a small house and a little bit of land, on the edge of the town limits. The purchase coincided with the beginning of the Republic, a fact that Xammar underscores when he describes the house in his memoirs.The text describes a property of a limited size, a small house almost in ruins, and ends up showing his desire to return, despite all of that: "But all of that was nothing compared to becoming once again a property owner in Ametlla del Vallès and a resident in the town where he had to pay taxes (few) and gotten to vote when the elections came around." From that moment on, he began to visit Catalonia more frequently and began to recover some of his friends from his youth. At the beginning of the civil war, he was in Berlin and in October, 1940, a Barcelona judge ordered the 'confiscation of all the goods and the perpetual estrangement from national territory of Mr. <mask> <mask> for being a red and a Catalanist'. This event condemned him to a long exile up until 1950 and the loss of his beloved house in Catalonia. Years later, Fèlix Millet i Maristany, the new owner of Can Xammar de Dalt, helped him get it back. After 1960, <mask>'s life basically was centered in Ametlla in a kind of internal exile, refusing to write as a badge of loyalty to an imprisoned Catalonia. It is a period in which he alternates between stays in Fonda Europa in Granollers, which belonged to the Parellada family, with which he maintained a great friendship.Many of his peers, including Jaume Miravitlles or Avel·lí Artís-Gener, visited his house in recognition of his professional prowess and the exemplariness of his ideological independence. His last years were characterized by his fight against the herpes-which caused pain and restricted his mobility. As he described it in his memoir, 'Each day I was less and less motivated to move, especially in the winter, I come and go from a very comfortable bed to a very comfortable seat and from a spacious bedroom to an ample bathroom.' His finances had always been limited, but during his last years he had serious economic problems. Once again it was Josep Badia who helped him by finding a local gentleman, Maties Barres, who gave him a lifelong pension for his house, Can Feliu, and with that, he was able to live out his last days. He died in Ametlla del Vallès, where he is buried, on December 5, 1973. Career
<mask>'s concern for broadening his knowledge from his basic studies drove him to educate himself.When he returned to Barcelona to work in the textile industry, he joined the CADCI. While he improved his studies, he read the classics, wrote poetry, practiced his favorite sport—soccer—became an expert at billiards and played Basque pelota. He combined attendance at concerts at the Liceu with his participation as a member on the jury of the Jocs Florals de Rubí, or with the composition of a poem that would become the words to 'Nocturn musicat' by the founder of the Orfeó Gracienc, Joan Balcells. The piece was performed for the first time by Balcells himself at the Palau de la Música in 1949. It is at the CADCI where he received his formation at a moment in which Catalonia struggled to make education one of the country's foundations. Xammar understood and tied Catalanism to education and in one of his articles titled 'Catalan education' (La Tralla, October 1, 1904), he demanded nationalist formation, criticizing the universities, 'ruled by professors, the cleverest of which wasn't smartest enough to pull a cart' and he demanded the creation of Catalan schools in order to 'marginalize the vulgar Spanish primary education that we have'. References

Bibliography

External links
 <mask> <mask> at Association of Catalan Language Writers, AELC.Webpage in Catalan, with English and Spanish translations. <mask> <mask>  at LletrA, Catalan Literature Online (Open University of Catalonia). (English)

People from Barcelona
Journalists from Catalonia

masks:
Eugeni Xammar i Puigventós
Ramon Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar
Xammar
Xammar
Eugenio
Xammar
Xammar
Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar
Eugeni
Xammar