title: Margarita Cadenas

texts:
<mask> (Caracas, Venezuela), is a Venezuelan-French director, producer and screenwriter. Biography
<mask> was born in Caracas, Venezuela. After earning her diploma in social communication in the Catholic University «Andres Bello” (1977), very young she quickly started her career as a high-level journalist. She became a reporter for Venezuelan television and wrote for several newspapers. Her talent was spotted and she was asked to present the 20: 30 news for national television Canal 8 (1977–1979). She then went on to interview local political players. She left for Great Britain in 1979 where she specialised in production and directing with the British Council and BBC London.With this experience under her belt, she directed and produced her first work of fiction “Cindy” or a Cinderella turned punk, and a documentary about Venezuela called “Land of Grace”. She then moved to France in 1982. Between 1983 and 1986, she was an assistant director at SFP (Societé Française de Production) working with directors like Claude de Givray, Gabriel Axel, Philippe Monnier, Michel Boisrond, Jean-Jacques Goron. After this experience, she co-created her first production company, Alta Mira (1986) They produced shorts films, docs and film ads. Between 1988 and 1995, she continued her work producing more than 60 Publicity films, shot in South Africa, Argentina, Venezuela, England, Denmark, Spain and France. She worked for various companies like 50/49, Son and Lumière et Movie Box as an executive producer for publicity agencies like Saatchi & Saatchi, Young & Rubicam, Grey, RSCG, Léo Burnett UK, Mc Cann, and title producer for directors like Peter Suschitzky, Eric de La Hosseraye, Costa Kekemenis, Christine Pascal, Jaime de la Peña and Roch Stefanik. In 1995, she began to produce works of fiction and created the company MC² PRODUCTIONS.In 1996, TF1 broadcast her first television series., “Barrage sur l’Orenoque”  This French-Spanish co-production was followed by “Marie et Tom” a French-Canadian co-production in 2000. Meanwhile, she was developing her first feature projects. With MC² Productions she coproduced with Village Roadshow Productions a film by Tassos Boulmetis entitled “A touch of spice” (2003). She produced for the French Television "Chuao, la vallée merveilleuse" (2006) by H. Becerra and G. Jacquemin. Her career as an auteur also got started when co-wrote her first television series "Barrage sur L’Orénoque” (1996) and as director with the documentary “Au-delà des apparences" on the controversial anthropologist Jacques Lizot which she also wrote and produced. She went back to her native country in 2007 and started to publish articles and pictures in her page History and Voyages in the Daily “El Expreso”. Writer, Producer and Director of the short films “Mascaras” (2009) featured in the Cines Unidos Circuit in Venezuela.Writer, producer and director of the Documentary “Macondo” (2009) : about the living house of Miguel Otero Silva, a famous writer, poet, and owner of the daily journal “El Nacional”, an icon of journalism in Venezuela and Maria Teresa Castillo, a fighter for women’s rights. After an expedition to the Amazon that she organised for a book to be published on the mythology of the Yanomami Indians, she wrote the long feature film “Cenizas Eternas” which she has also produced and directed (2011). Theatrical release in Cines Unidos in all cities of Venezuela on 9 December 2011 to 23 March 2012. Audience Award II Dones i Cinema Art Festival, Valencia, Spain 2012
Price Best Sound Track at XXVII Latin American Festival Trieste, Italy 2012
Nominated in the Competition World's Best First Film of the Official Selection of the XXXV World Film Festival in Montreal, Canada 2011
Official Selection at the Festival Les Reflets du Cinema Iberian Villeurbanne, France 2012
Nominated Best Film in National Competition at the Festival de Cine Venezolano in Mérida, Venezuela 2012
Presented at the Festival of Films Present, Martigny, Switzerland 2012
Biennale of Contemporary Art Marcigny, France 2012

Filmography

Dam on the Orinoco (1996)

Written and produced by <mask> <mask> in 1996, tells the story of a French engineer, who arrives in Venezuela to work on the construction of a dam on the Orinoco River. She is involved in various situations, many of which are particularly linked to the environment. During her struggle, she meets a Franco-Venezuelan adventurer who lives with a love story. Beyond appearances (1996)
Written and directed by <mask> <mask>, led by MC ² Productions in conjunction with RCTV, Cinesens and A. Kerjean.Based on the different schools of anthropology and the passion of anthropologists by the Yanomami Indians, from the sixties, this documentary lets us go to meet Jacques Lizot since its arrival in the Venezuelan Amazon, in 1968, where he lived most of twenty years until his return to his country of origin France. Mary and Tom (2000)

Produced by MC ² Productions in conjunction with RDV Productions, TF1 and Téléfictions Canada. It tells the story of a woman of extremely small stature that leaves France to go to work in Canada and start a new life. There found a rich young man, heir to a great fortune, in whose hand is love. It was distributed in 2002 in France, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland and Africa. A touch of Spice (2003)
It is a bitter-sweet comedy and nostalgic about the awakening that occurs to leave the country of origin, and, more importantly, shows how the kitchen can give us a valuable lesson about life itself. It was written and directed by Tassos Boulmetis and produced, Village Roadshow Productions (Australian company producing films such as The Matrix, Analyze This, Training Day, Mystic River, Happy Feet, among many others) and Smallridge International ANS.<mask> <mask> worked as an associated producer for Roadshow Productions. t was distributed in Europe, Latin America, United States, Canada, Australia. Awards in the 44e International Festival of Thessaloniki: Best Film, Best Director (Tassos Boulmetis), Best Screenplay (Tassos Boulmetis), Best Cinematography (Takis Zervoulakos), Best Set (Olga Leontiadou), Best Music (Evanthia Reboutsika), Best Sound (Dimitris Athanassopoulos), Best Editing (Giorgos Mavropsaridis) Award Dewars of the public to the best Greek film. Special Award of Excellence from the Association of Film and Television Technicians Greeks. Chuao, Grand Valley (2006)

Produced by Margarita <mask>, under the direction of Hamilton Becerra and Gaël Jacquemin. Chuao, a small Venezuelan town, nestled between mountains and sea. The inhabitants of this place are the direct descendants of African slaves brought over three centuries ago by Spanish colonists to grow cocoa.They manufactured today, totally organic and artisan, the world's best cacao. Currently, the project of a highway that would link to Chuao with the rest of the country, concerned about its inhabitants. Masks (2009)
Written, directed and produced by <mask> <mask>, is a series of four short films of 75 seconds each. The concept of each of the shorts is to give a first impression that invites you to discover that behind every story. Macondo (2009)
Written, directed and produced by <mask> <mask>

Macondo was a place of universal dimension, without a doubt! In a few weeks, Macondo was torn down: the marvelous place and the surrounding vegetation. But not the ideas that saw life there nor the capacity of the reflections.Macondo represented, above all, friendship, freedom, creation and beauty,
the beauty of emotion, the spirit, human beauty…

Oblivion is not the victory over wrong, nor is it victory over nothing. If it is a veiled way of laughing at history, the memory remains…. Eternal Ashes (2011)
Eternal Ashes tells the story of a mother, Ana, and her daughter, Elena. Although they are separated, in the space and time, they remain united forever. Written, directed and produced by <mask> <mask>. Theatrical release in Cines Unidos in all cities of Venezuela on 9 December 2011 to 23 March 2012. Audience Award II Dones i Cinema Art Festival, Valencia, Spain 2012

Price Best Sound Track at XXVII Latin American Festival Trieste, Italy 2012

Nominated in the Competition World's Best First Film of the Official Selection of the XXXV World Film Festival in Montreal, Canada 2011

Official Selection at the Festival Les Reflets du Cinema Iberian Villeurbanne, France 2012

Nominated Best Film in National Competition at the Festival de Cine Venezolano in Mérida, Venezuela 2012

Presented at the Festival of Films Present, Martigny, Switzerland 2012

Biennale of Contemporary Art Marcigny, France 2012

Festival d’Auray (France) - 2012

Festival des spiritualties – Puerto Ordaz (Venezuela) - 2012

6ème Festival Cinema del Mar – Punta del Este (Uruguay) – 2013

Festival Your Kontinent – Richmond (United States) - 2013

XVII Boston Ibero-American Film Festival ( United States) - 2013

Women of the Venezuelan Chaos (Mujeres del Caos venezolano) (2017)

Five Venezuelan women, from different backgrounds and generations, draw a portrait of their collapsing country facing possibly its worst social, economic, political and humanitarian chaos in its 200-year-history.

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Margarita Cadenas
Margarita Cadenas
Margarita
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Margarita
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Margarita
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Cadenas
Margarita
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Margarita
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Margarita
Cadenas


title: Nargis

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born Fatima Rashid; 1 June 1929 – 3 May 1981) was an Indian actress and politician who worked in Hindi cinema. Regarded as one of the greatest actresses in the history of Indian cinema, she made her screen debut in a minor role at the age of five with Talash-E-Haq (1935), but her acting career actually began with the film Tamanna (1942). In a career that spanned three decades, Nargis appeared in numerous commercially successful as well as critically acclaimed films, many of which featured her alongside actor Raj Kapoor. She was the younger sister of the well-known actor Anwar Hussain. Her best-known role was that of Radha in the Academy Award-nominated Mother India (1957), a performance that won her the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She would appear infrequently in films during the 1960s. Some of her films of this period include the drama Raat Aur Din (1967), for which she received the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress.Nargis married her Mother India co-star Sunil Dutt in 1958. Together they had three children, including the actor Sanjay Dutt. Along with her husband, Nargis formed the Ajanta Arts Culture Troupe which hired several leading actors and singers of the time and held stage shows at border areas. In the early 1970s, Nargis became the first patron of The Spastic Society of India and her subsequent work with the organisation brought her recognition as a social worker and later a Rajya Sabha nomination in 1980. <mask> died in 1981 of pancreatic cancer, only three days before her son Sanjay Dutt made his debut in Hindi films with the film Rocky. In 1982, the Nargis Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established in her memory. The award for Best Feature Film on National Integration in the Annual Film Awards ceremony is called the <mask> Dutt Award in her honour.In 2000, she was honoured with "best actress of the millennium" by Hero Honda and film magazine Stardust. In 2011, Rediff.com named her "the greatest Indian actress of all time" and was listed in the "25 greatest Asian actors in history" by CNN in 2010. Early life
Nargis was born as Fatima Rashid in Calcutta, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Kolkata, West Bengal, India) in a Punjabi Muslim family. Her father Abdul Rashid, formerly Mohanchand Uttamchand Tyagi ("Mohan Babu"), was originally a wealthy Punjabi Hindu heir of the Mohyal Brahmin caste from Rawalpindi who had converted to Islam. Her mother was Jaddanbai Hussain, from Benares, Benares State was born into a Muslim family of Hindu Brahmin origin which had converted to Islam; and was a Hindustani classical music singer and one of the early pioneers of Indian cinema. Nargis' family then moved from Punjab to Allahabad, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. She introduced Nargis into the movie culture unfolding in India at the time.Nargis' maternal half-brother, Anwar Hussain, was also a film actor. Career
Fatima made her first film appearance in the 1935 film Talashe Haq when she was six years old, credited as Baby Nargis. Nargis ( ) is a Persian word meaning Narcissus, the daffodil flower. She was subsequently credited as Nargis in all of her films. Nargis appeared in numerous films after her debut. In 1943 at the age of 14, she appeared in Mehboob Khan's Taqdeer, opposite Motilal. The film was a box office success, and she was extensively praised for her performance.Filmindia referred to it as "an excellent debut". Following Taqdeer, Nargis starred in the 1945 period drama Humayun, opposite the leading actor of those times, Ashok Kumar. The film was moderately successful. Among her early releases were Mela, Anokha Pyar and Aag all in 1948. The former two starred her with Dilip Kumar and the latter marked her first collaboration with Raj Kapoor. Except Mela, which was among the highest-grossing films of that year, none of her film fared well in 1948. In 1949, Nargis starred in Mehboob Khan's critically acclaimed drama Andaz.The film saw her playing Neena, whose husband Rajan (Raj Kapoor) suspects of her having an affair with her friend Dilip (Dilip Kumar). It had a slow start at the box office, but as soon as positive word-of-mouth spread, it emerged as a major commercial success and the highest-grossing film of all time. The film was first hit in Kapoor's career, and a breakthrough for <mask> and Kumar. After the success of the movie, Kapoor cast her again as a leading lady in his second directorial venture after the unsuccessful Aag (1948). This venture of Kapoor's was released in the same year, starring Nargis as a village belle and him starring as a poet. It was titled Barsaat. The film was the debut of Nimmi, who would later become a well-known actress.Its release was already hyped due to the huge success of Andaz, and therefore it became another major box office success. Barsaat was the highest-grossing film of 1949, as well as of all time, breaking the record of Andaz. Next, Nargis played the lead roles in 1950 films Jogan and Babul, along with Dilip Kumar. Both of them were box-office hits and her performance in Babul was specially noticed. Due to the success of Andaz and Barsaat, Raj Kapoor was impressed by Nargis' onscreen charm and presence. He therefore chose her to play a character in Awaara (1951) (often written as Awāra). Although it revolved around a father and his estranged son, Nargis played an important role in the movie as a lawyer who knows the truth that Raj (played by Kapoor) and Raghunath (played by Prithviraj Kapoor) are son-father.Unlike the roles played by other actresses of those times, Nargis portrayed an outspoken woman-lawyer who criticises the people who regard woman as a "thing made for household chores". She was also seen donning a swimwear in a scene from Awaara, a quite bold dress for Indian woman to wear in that era. The film was released on 14 December 1951, receiving universal acclaim for the performances of Prithviraj, Raj and Nargis. Not only in India, the film was a blockbuster overseas too, making Nargis and Raj well-known stars in countries such as Greece and the United States. Grossing 12.5 million in India, it became the highest-grossing film of all time, breaking the record of Barsaat. Deedar, released in the same year was another hit in Nargis' filmography. She was paired opposite Trilok Kapoor, uncle of Raj Kapoor in Pyar Ki Baatein directed by her elder brother Akhtar Hussain

Nargis' films released between 1952 and 1954 did not perform well, neither critically and commercially.In 1952, she had as many as six releases, only Anhonee being a success. 1953 and 1954 saw her doing five films, none of them a box-office hit. However, her 1953 film Aah has gained a cult status over the years. <mask> revived her career with Raj Kapoor's social drama Shree 420 (1955) which became the highest-grosser at the time. <mask> and Raj Kapoor acted together in 16 films spanning over a period of 10 years, including Awaara, Shree 420, Jagte Raho (cameo), Andaz, Chori Chori, Aah, Aag and Barsaat. Their first film together was Aag in 1948. Aag was not a commercial success, Aah earnings were average, but others were commercially successful.Songs from these movies featuring them have grown to become memorable. Some examples are "Barsat mein humse mile" and "Jiya beqarar hai" (in Barsaat); "Dam bhar jo udhar munh phere" and "Ghar aaya mera pardesi" (in Awaara); "Sham gayi raat aayi", "Ichak dana beechak dana" and "Pyar ha ikraar hua" (in Shree 420); and "Pancchi banoon udti phiroon", "Aa ja sanam madhur chandni mein", and "Yeh raat bheegi bheegi" (in Chori Chori). Their work in Awaara made the couple famous internationally, particularly in the Soviet Union, where the film was dubbed in Russian and released as Brodiaga. She once again collaborated with Kapoor for the box office success Chori Chori (1956), which revolves around a girl (Nargis) who runs away from her house in order to marry a gold digger pilot (Pran), but ends up falling for a news reporter (Kapoor) whom she meets in a bus. In the same year, she did a special appearance in Kapoor's Jagte Raho. The film was her last to co-star Raj Kapoor. In 1957, she appeared in Mehboob Khan's Oscar-nominated epic drama Mother India, for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress for her performance.Baburao Patel of the film magazine, Filmindia, in December 1957, described Mother India as "the greatest picture produced in India" and wrote that no other actress would have been able to perform the role as well as Nargis. Also in 1957, she acted in the Pardesi (marketed as Journey Beyond Three Seas in English), which was an Indo-Soviet co-production. After her marriage to Sunil Dutt in 1958, Nargis gave up her film career to settle down with her family, after her last few films were released. She made her last film appearance in the 1967 film Raat Aur Din, being convinced to act after fifteen years. The film was well received and Nargis' performance as a woman who has dissociative identity disorder was critically acclaimed. For her performance in the film, she received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress, and won the inaugural National Film Award for Best Actress. She was also nominated to the Rajya Sabha (upper house of Indian Parliament) from 1980 to 1981, but due to cancer she fell ill and died during her tenure.Personal life

Nargis had a long-time relationship with actor Raj Kapoor, who was her co-star in the films Awaara and Shree 420. Raj Kapoor was married and had children. After he refused to divorce his wife, <mask> ended their nine-year-long relationship. Nargis married actor Sunil Dutt on 11 March 1958. Reportedly, Dutt had saved her life from a fire on the sets of Mother India. She had also reportedly helped Dutt's sister and mother. They married on 11 March 1958.She converted to Hinduism on her marriage. They had three children: Sanjay, Namrata, and Priya. Sanjay went on to become a successful film actor. Namrata married actor Kumar Gaurav, son of veteran actor Rajendra Kumar who had appeared alongside <mask> and Sunil Dutt in Mother India. Priya became a politician and a Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha). With her husband, <mask> formed the Ajanta Arts Cultural Troupe, which involved several leading actors and singers of the time, and performed at remote frontiers to entertain the Indian soldiers at border. It was the first troupe to perform in Dhaka, after the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971.Later, Nargis worked for the cause of spastic children. She became the first patron of the Spastics Society of India. Her charitable work for the organisation got her recognition as a social worker. Nargis loved wearing white saris, speaking over the telephone and eating panipuris sold on the streets. She was an excellent swimmer and enjoyed playing cricket with her brothers. The founder of the Spastic Society of India, Mithu Alur, stated in an interview that Nargis had a dream of pursuing medicine that she could never fulfill. Illness and death
On 2 August 1980, Nargis fell ill during a session of the Rajya Sabha, with the initial cause assumed to be jaundice.She was rushed home and admitted to Breach Candy Hospital in Bombay. After fifteen days of tests, during which her condition kept worsening and she rapidly lost weight, she was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in 1980 and underwent treatment for the disease at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. Upon her return to India, her condition deteriorated and she was admitted at Breach Candy Hospital. Nargis went into a coma on 2 May 1981 after she became seriously ill and died the next day, aged 51. She was buried at Bada Qabrastan Mumbai. On 7 May 1981, at the premiere of her son's debut film Rocky, one seat was kept vacant for her. One year after her death, the <mask> Dutt Memorial Cancer Foundation was established by Sunil Dutt in her memory.Although Nargis' death is attributed to pancreatic cancer, her daughter, Namrata Dutt Kumar, claimed her mother had successfully fought the cancer but died from a urinary tract infection. Nargis's son, Sanjay Dutt, added that her lowered immunity levels made her susceptible to the infection. Legacy
In 2011, Rediff.com listed her as the greatest actress of all time, stating, "An actress with range, style, grace and an incredibly warm screen presence, Nargis is truly a leading lady to celebrate." M.L. Dhawan from The Tribune said, "In almost all her films Nargis created a woman who could be desired and deified. The charisma of Nargis's screen image lay in that it oscillated between the simple and the chic with equal ease." In 2005, Indiatimes Movies wrote: "Whenever Raj Kapoor and Nargis came together on screen, sparks flew.Their chemistry was electrifying and it crackles with raw passion in Raj Kapoor's Awaara. Nargis's wild and carefree sensuality pulsates and Raj Kapoor's scruffy hair-rebellious persona only adds fuel to the fire". Surendra Kumar of The Sunday Guardian stated, "She was a versatile actor who could carry off serious roles, light roles and even comic roles with the same élan. She could be urbane and sophisticated, as in Awaara, Chori Chori and Andaz; simple and ordinary, as in Sri 420; and every inch a traditional village woman, as in Mother India." A scene from the 1949 film Barsaat, featuring Raj Kapoor holding Nargis in one arm and a violin in the other, was chosen as the basis of the logo of R. K. Films. Multiple books were written about Nargis. The first was written in 1994 by T. J. S. George and was titled The Life and Times of Nargis.In 2007, <mask>' daughters Priya and Namrata published a book about the lives of their parents, titled, Mr. and Mrs. Dutt: Memories of our Parents. Also that year, Darlingji: The True Love Story of <mask> and Sunil Dutt was released by Kishwar Desai. In 2000, she was honoured with "best actress of the millennium" by Hero Honda and film magazine Stardust. In 2011, Rediff.com named her "the greatest Indian actress of all time" and was listed in the 25 greatest Asian actors in history" by CNN in 2010. <mask> was played by actress Manisha Koirala in the 2018 film Sanju, the biopic of her son, Sanjay Dutt. The film is ranked as one of the highest grossing Indian films of 2018. Feryna Wazheir portrayed her in the 2018 film Manto.Awards and recognitions
 1958 – Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Mother India
 1958 – She was the first film actress to conferred by the Government of India with the Padma Shri title, the fourth highest civilian award. 1958 – Best Actress Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival  for Mother India
 1968 – National Film Award for Best Actress for Raat Aur Din. 1969 – Nominated, Filmfare Award for Best Actress for Raat Aur Din
 2001 – "Best Artists of the Millennium" award by Hero Honda and film magazine Stardust along with actor Amitabh Bachchan. A street in Bandra, Mumbai, is named Nargis Dutt Road in her memory. A postal stamp of face value 100 paise was issued by India Post was issued in <mask>' honour on 30 December 1993. Google celebrated <mask> Dutt on her 86th birthday on 1 June 2015. The National Film Awards honoured Dutt by instituting the Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration upon her achievement in Hindi Cinema.Filmography

References

External links

  – 1991 documentary directed by Priya Dutt and produced by Films Division of India

Further reading

1929 births
1981 deaths
Actresses from Allahabad
Actresses from Kolkata
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Indian film actresses
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
Converts to Hinduism from Islam
Deaths from cancer in India
Indian former Muslims
Indian Hindus
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Urdu cinema
20th-century Indian actresses
Best Actress National Film Award winners
Politicians from Kolkata
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Indian actor-politicians
Women in West Bengal politics
Politicians from Allahabad
Punjabi people
Filmfare Awards winners
Women members of the Rajya Sabha

masks:
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title: Musashimaru Kōyō

texts:
is a Japanese former professional sumo wrestler. He was born in American Samoa, before moving to Hawaii at the age of 10. At 18 he moved to Japan and made his professional sumo debut in 1989, reaching the top makuuchi division in 1991. After reaching the rank of ōzeki in 1994 his progress seemed to stall, but in 1999 he became only the second foreign-born wrestler in history to reach the sport's highest rank of yokozuna. Musashimaru won over 700 top division bouts and took twelve top division tournament championships during his career. His sheer  bulk combined with  of height made him a formidable opponent, and he was remarkably consistent and injury-free for most of his career. An amiable personality, his fan base was helped by a surprising facial resemblance to Japanese warrior hero Saigō Takamori.After becoming a Japanese national and retiring in 2003, he became an elder of the Japan Sumo Association and founded the Musashigawa stable in 2013. Early career

Fiamalu Penitani was born in American Samoa, the fourth son of a German Tongan father and a Portuguese Samoan mother. The family moved to Oahu, Hawaii when he was ten years old. While attending Waianae High School in Waianae he played American football and was offered a scholarship to Pasadena City College, but he also had success in Greco-Roman wrestling, and his wrestling coach encouraged him to give sumo a try. He moved to Japan and joined former yokozuna Mienoumi's Musashigawa stable in June 1989, initially on a trial basis only. This proved to be successful and he formally made his professional debut that September, adopting the shikona or ring name of Musashimaru Kōyō. He moved up the ranks quickly, becoming an elite sekitori wrestler in July 1991 upon promotion to the jūryō division.He reached the top makuuchi division just two tournaments later in November 1991. He made komusubi in May 1992 and sekiwake in July. After a superb 13–2 record and runner-up honors in November 1993, and a 12–3 score the following January, he was promoted to ōzeki alongside Takanonami. Ōzeki
Musashimaru was ranked as an ōzeki for 32 tournaments. He showed great consistency, never missing any bouts through injury and always getting at least eight wins. However, he was unable to gain the successive championships needed to become a yokozuna. Musashimaru took his first top division championship (yūshō) in July 1994 with a perfect 15–0 record, but in the following tournament he could manage only 11 wins and Takanohana overtook him to become yokozuna at the end of the year, joining Akebono who had become the first foreign born yokozuna in 1993.Musashimaru seemed content just to maintain his rank, not winning another title until November 1996. Takanohana was absent from this tournament and Musashimaru won it after a five way playoff with a score of 11–4, the lowest number of wins needed to take a top division title since 1972. His third championship came in January 1998. Yokozuna

In 1999, with Akebono and Takanohana both struggling with injury and loss of form, Musashimaru suddenly came alive with two consecutive tournament wins in March and May 1999 to earn promotion to yokozuna. There was little of the controversy that surrounded previous promotion drives by foreign wrestlers such as Konishiki, and Musashimaru's record of never having missed a bout in his career was praised by the Yokozuna Deliberation Council. After a respectable 12–3 performance in his yokozuna debut, he won two further titles that year. However, in January 2000 he had to pull out of the tournament with an injury on the fourth day, bringing to an end his record run of 55 consecutive tournaments with a majority of wins, dating from his 6–1 score in the makushita division in November 1990.This kachi-koshi run ended just one tournament short of Kitanoumi's top division record. Akebono returned to form in 2000, and <mask> was also sidelined with injury in May. He won just one title that year, in September, although it was one of his most impressive results as he won his first 14 matches, just failing on the last day to become the first wrestler in four years to win with a perfect record. In 2001, although he did not have the injury problems of the previous year, he lost two playoffs to Takanohana in January and May, and had a mere 9–6 record in September, giving away five kinboshi to maegashira ranked wrestlers, an all-time record for a single tournament. He had to wait until November 2001 for his ninth title. In 2002, with Takanohana sidelined through injury, <mask> was dominant. Although he missed most of the January 2002 tournament after injuring himself against Kyokushūzan on the third day, he won three tournaments that year, making 2002 his most successful year since 1999.His victory over the returning Takanohana in September 2002 was his twelfth and final championship and was also the last time either man would complete a tournament, making it the end of an era. Retirement from sumo
In November 2002 Musashimaru tore a tendon in his left wrist, an injury which proved to be career-ending. Forced to withdraw from that tournament, the chronic problem restricted him to just a handful of appearances in the whole of 2003. Overshadowed by new yokozuna Asashōryū, he entered the July tournament but pulled out after just six days. He did not compete again until November, when after suffering his fourth defeat on the seventh day, he announced his retirement. In an interview on November 16, 2003, he revealed that he had also injured his neck while playing American football in high school and had been unable to move his left shoulder properly. Musashimaru was the last Hawaiian wrestler in sumo, ending a dynasty that began with Takamiyama in 1964 and at one point in 1996 saw four from the islands ranked in the top division.During his career he had won a total of twelve top division championships, one more than Akebono, and also won over 700 top division bouts, one of only six wrestlers to have achieved that feat to date. He officially retired on October 2, 2004, when he had his danpatsu-shiki, or retirement ceremony, at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. Musashimaru has remained in the sumo world as an oyakata, or coach. He did not initially acquire a permanent elder (toshiyori) name, going instead under the name of Musashimaru Oyakata, which as a former yokozuna he was entitled to do for a period of five years after retirement. In October 2008 he began using the name , and he then switched to the  elder name of former ozeki Asahikuni in August 2012. In December 2012 it was announced that he would inherit the prestigious  name upon his old stablemaster's retirement in February 2013, at which time he opened his own stable of wrestlers, Musashigawa. This is not to be confused with the stable he fought out of as an active wrestler, which has since been renamed Fujishima stable.The stable has 19 wrestlers as of May 2021, and had previously included his nephew, who reached the makushita division and became the highest ranking member of the stable before retiring in 2019. He appeared alongside Brad Pitt (who was playing his personal assistant) in two commercials for Softbank, a Japanese mobile phone company, in July 2009. They were directed by Spike Jonze. Personal life

In April 2008 Musashimaru married a hula dance instructor from Tokyo and the wedding ceremony took place in August 2008 in Hawaii. The couple have one son. In April 2017 he fell ill while golfing in Nara and underwent a kidney transplant, with his wife as the donor. Fighting style
In addition to his great size and strength, Musashimaru had a low center of gravity and excellent balance, which made him very difficult to beat.Earlier in his career he favored pushing and thrusting (tsuki/oshi) techniques, but he also began to fight more on the mawashi, simply wearing his smaller opponents out with his huge inertia. He usually used a migi-yotsu (left hand outside, right hand inside) grip. His most common winning technique or kimarite was oshidashi (push out), closely followed by yorikiri (force out). Together these two techniques accounted for about 60 percent of his career wins. Career record

See also
List of yokozuna
List of sumo tournament top division champions
List of sumo tournament top division runners-up
List of sumo tournament second division champions
List of sumo record holders
Glossary of sumo terms
List of non-Japanese sumo wrestlers
List of heaviest sumo wrestlers
List of past sumo wrestlers
List of sumo elders

References

Further reading

External links

1971 births
Living people
American emigrants to Japan
American people of German descent
American people of Portuguese descent
American people of Samoan descent
American people of Tongan descent
Japanese people of German descent
Japanese people of Portuguese descent
Japanese people of Samoan descent
Japanese people of Tongan descent
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Naturalized citizens of Japan
Sportspeople from Hawaii
Yokozuna

masks: Musashimaru Musashimaru


title: Cal Hubbard

texts:
<mask> (October 31, 1900 – October 17, 1977) was an American professional football player and Major League Baseball (MLB) umpire. After playing college football at Centenary College and Geneva College, <mask> played in the National Football League (NFL) between 1927 and 1936 for the New York Giants, Green Bay Packers and Pittsburgh Pirates, playing the bulk of his career with the Packers. <mask> is credited as being one of the inventors of the football position of linebacker. He was also an umpire in the American League (AL) from 1936 to 1951, then worked as an umpire supervisor until 1969. George Halas affectionately called <mask> the "Big Umpire." To date, <mask> is the only person to be enshrined in both the Pro Football Hall of Fame and Baseball Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the College Football Hall of Fame.Early life
<mask> was born in Keytesville, Missouri to parents Robert P. and Sarah "Sallie" (Ford) <mask>. He grew up in modest means as the son of a small family farmer. <mask> graduated from Keytesville High School, but because the school had no football team he also attended one year at Glasgow High School in nearby Glasgow, which did offer football. Already tall and weighing 200 pounds as a 14-year-old, <mask> displayed natural athletic gifts. He aspired to attend the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York; however a physical discovered he had flat feet, eliminating him from eligibility. From an early age <mask> was involved with sports. He umpired pickup baseball games at the age of 18.<mask> chose to attend a college or university that offered football, selecting Chillicothe Business College in Chillicothe, Missouri while also continuing to work around his family farm. A chance meeting in 1922 with Bo McMillin, the new football coach at Centenary College in Shreveport, Louisiana, led <mask> to enroll and play football there from 1922 to 1924. <mask> was the school's first All-American. Georgia Tech coach Bill Alexander once watched Centenary when it was in town to play Oglethorpe. "Bo, this Oglethorpe bunch has fast backs, but the line is light and green. If you turn that <mask> loose, he might kill some of them. Have <mask> 'hurt his knee', why don't you, and let him sit on the bench?"When McMillin moved on to suburban Pittsburgh's Geneva College, <mask> followed him and played there in 1926 (after a year of ineligibility for switching schools in 1925). Geneva opened the season with an upset of Harvard. In an era when 6-foot players were considered tall, <mask> was noted for remarkable speed for a player of his size, listed officially at 6-foot-2, 253 pounds but as high as 6-foot-5 in Packers' sources. He starred as a tackle and end, playing off the 7-man line in a style similar to that of a modern linebacker. <mask> completed his college education in 1927, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from Geneva College. Professional career

Football career
<mask> moved on to the National Football League in 1927, signing with the New York Giants for a salary of US$150 per game. Playing alongside Steve Owen his rookie year, he helped the Giants defense allow opponents to score just 20 total points all season as they won the league championship.For his efforts <mask> won all-league honors by the press the following year. But with a lifelong dislike for big cities, he didn't feel comfortable in New York and a 1928 road game in Green Bay led him to request a trade to the Packers, threatening to retire otherwise. Under Packers coach Curly Lambeau, <mask> and the team won the NFL title in each of his first three years there (1929–1931). The 1929 team surrendered just 22 points. Lambeau had <mask> play in the line, ending his "linebacker" days. The NFL named its first official All-League team in 1931 with <mask> being one of that inaugural list. He was chosen for the honor again in 1932 and 1933.Mel Hein said <mask> was "probably the greatest tackle I ever played against." Once while playing the Chicago Bears with Ukrainian fullback Bronko Nagurski, the Bears prepared to punt. <mask> went to the halfback Red Grange and said: "I promise not to try to block the kick, Red, but get out of the way so I can get a shot at that Polack." Grange, glad not to try to block <mask> for once, obliged. <mask> tore through the line, slammed into Nagurski and bounced off. Rising slowly, he turned to Grange and said: "Hey, Red, don't do me any more favors." <mask> stepped away from professional football following the 1933 season, taking a job as the line coach at Texas A&M in 1934.However, he was persuaded to return to play after that one year on the sidelines, returning to Green Bay in 1935. The Giants wooed him back to start 1936 with them, but he played only six games the entire season, five for the Giants and a final game for the Pittsburgh Pirates, the future Steelers. <mask> returned to football coaching briefly, serving as head coach of his alma mater Geneva College in 1941 and 1942. He was among the initial class of inductees to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963. In a 1969 poll by the Hall of Fame committee, <mask> was voted the NFL's greatest tackle of all time. Baseball career

Even while <mask>'s football career was going full-force, he began to focus on a second career in baseball officiating. From 1928 onward he spent his football off-season umpiring in minor league baseball.By 1936 <mask> had been called up to the major leagues, umpiring in the American League from 1936 to 1951, a contemporary with the likes of Yogi Berra. Soon recognized as one of the game's best officials, he was selected to work in the 1938 World Series, followed by Series appearances in 1942, 1946 and 1949. In addition, he umpired in the All-Star Game in 1939, 1944 and 1949, behind the plate for half of the 1939 and 1944 midsummer classics. <mask> found the then-common practice of officials moving to different positions on the field during a game to be confusing and hampered accuracy when making calls. Applying his football experience to baseball, he devised a system where each official had clearly defined duties and also added an additional official to the crew. This was the foundation on which MLB established new officiating standards in 1952. While he was hunting during the 1951 off-season, a ricocheting pellet from a friend's shotgun blast accidentally struck <mask> in the right eye.The damage was extensive enough to force his retirement from baseball officiating. However, the American League soon hired him as an assistant supervisor for league officiating crews, and in 1954 he became the top supervisor, a position he would hold until retiring for good in 1969. Final years
Never a fan of big cities, <mask> had moved to Milan, Missouri, in 1944. He left in 1945 but moved back in 1948 for good. Milan was a small town much like his native Keytesville, which is about 50 miles to the south on Missouri Route 5. A lifelong avid fisherman and hunter, the rural areas of Sullivan and neighboring counties offered ample opportunity. <mask> stayed involved in community affairs, especially children's sports, as much as his schedule would allow.In honor of his efforts the football field at Milan High School is named <mask> Field. <mask> developed emphysema in the last few years of his life, so doctors suggested that he move away from the cold weather in Missouri. He relocated in 1976 to St. Petersburg, Florida. In recognition of his contributions to the game as an umpire and supervisor, <mask> was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in , only the fifth umpire to be so honored up to that time. <mask> died due to cancer October 17, 1977, in St. Petersburg. He is buried in the Oakwood Cemetery, Milan, Missouri. He was survived by wife Mildred and two sons, Dr. <mask>, and William "Bill" <mask>.Awards and honors
 Member, Missouri Sports Hall of Fame (inducted 1954)
 Charter Member, Pro Football Hall of Fame (inducted 1963)
 Member, College Football Hall of Fame (inducted 1962)
 Member, Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame (inducted 1965)
 Member, Helms Foundation Hall of Fame (inducted 1969)
 Member, Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame (inducted 1970)
 Named to All-Time All-Professional football team (1970)
 Member, National Baseball Hall of Fame (inducted 1976)
 Member, Beaver County Sports Hall of Fame (Beaver County, Pennsylvania) (inducted 1976)
 Member, Centenary College Athletic Hall of Fame (inducted posthumously, 1990)
 Named to the Grantland Rice All-Time, All-American football team
 <mask> Field (football) at Milan High School in Milan, Missouri is named in his honor. <mask> Field (baseball) at Keytesville, Missouri High School is named in his honor. References

External links

 Retrosheet

1900 births
1977 deaths
American football ends
American football tackles
American shooting survivors
Chillicothe Business College alumni
Major League Baseball umpires
Centenary Gentlemen football players
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football coaches
Geneva Golden Tornadoes football players
Green Bay Packers players
New York Giants players
Pittsburgh Pirates (football) players
Texas A&M Aggies football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Keytesville, Missouri
People from Sullivan County, Missouri
Coaches of American football from Missouri
Players of American football from Missouri
Deaths from cancer in Florida

masks:
Robert Calvin Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal Hubbard
Hubbard
Robert Hubbard
Hubbard
Cal Hubbard
Cal Hubbard


title: Sam Morsy

texts:
<mask> was born in Wolverhampton, West Midlands. He was at the Wolverhampton Wanderers Academy for nine years until 2008, when coach Tony Lacey deemed a sixteen-year-old Morsy to be unworthy of a youth contract. Spotted by Port Vale Youth Development Officer Bill Chetwyn, he was taken to Vale Park for a trial, and was handed a place in the Vale youth team after impressing both Mark Grew and Andy Porter.By the start of the 2009–10 season, he was being included in the senior squad, being placed on the bench for the League Cup clash with Sheffield United at Bramall Lane. He made his debut on 23 February, replacing Tommy Fraser 83 minutes into a 4–0 home league win over Lincoln City. He was offered his first (one year) professional contract at the end of the season, and was also given the Youth Player of the Year award. In the 2010–11 pre-season, manager Micky Adams was pleased with Morsy's development, having witnessed the youngster score in two successive friendlies. Morsy promised he would not settle for a cameo role in the season, having just a year to prove his worth at the professional level. On 8 January, new manager Jim Gannon gave Morsy an appearance in Vale's 4–2 FA Cup defeat to Championship side Burnley at Turf Moor. He scored his first senior goal on 22 February, in a 3–1 home defeat to Stevenage.Gannon believed Morsy to be "a really talented footballer" with "all the skills you want in a midfielder". One of the few positives of Gannon's short reign, his rise to prominence put him in line to sign an extended contract. A two-year contract was signed on 1 April. He was also awarded with the club's Young Player of the Year award. Finding himself on the bench at the start of the 2011–12 campaign under returning manager Micky Adams, on 3 September he scored his second senior goal just thirteen minutes after making his first appearance of the season, in what turned out to be a 3–2 defeat to AFC Wimbledon. After falling out of favour in November, he had to wait another two months until the return fixture with Wimbledon before he started another game, when an injury crisis at the Vale allowed Morsy the chance to deliver "an eye-catching attacking display". Following the departure of Anthony Griffith, <mask> stepped into the role of 'midfield enforcer' for the 2012–13 campaign.On 25 August, he opened the scoring after just 14 seconds in a 3–1 win over Morecambe at the Globe Arena, earning himself a place on the League Two team of the week. He stated that his aim for the season was "to get more goals", as he formed a "formidable and unshakeable central midfield double act" with Chris Shuker. However, after picking up a suspension in October for receiving five yellow cards, he admitted that "I definitely have to cut down on yellow cards in future". However a "stupid" high two-footed tackle on Rochdale's Jason Kennedy resulted in a straight red for Morsy on 6 November, and was the turning point that left a 2–0 lead for the Vale becoming a 2–2 draw, meaning two points were dropped at home. An angry Micky Adams fined him two weeks' wages (the maximum fine possible) in punishment, and called him a "coward... [who] went to hurt their lad [Kennedy]". Morsy issued an official apology, but insisted that "there was no malice in the challenge". Adams kept him out of the first-team picture for six weeks after the incident, and Morsy stated that "I missed some important matches and that makes you re-evaluate your game."He was more of a bit-part player in the second half of the campaign, as Vale secured promotion with a third-place finish. He rejected the offer of a new two-year contract, and left the club. Chesterfield
Morsy agreed to sign a two-year deal with League Two club Chesterfield in July 2013, after a fee had been settled with Port Vale, due to Morsy being under the age of 24. Manager Paul Cook said that "When we found out that he may be available, we moved heaven and earth to get him here." On 30 March 2014, he played at Wembley Stadium in Chesterfield's 3–1 defeat to Peterborough United in the final of the Football League Trophy; he provided the assist for Eoin Doyle's goal after "a powerful run into the Posh box". He played a total of 39 games as Chesterfield won promotion as divisional champions in 2013–14, and at the end of the campaign he was voted the club's Player of the Year. He captained Chesterfield to the League One play-offs in 2014–15, and was reported to be a target for Cardiff City manager Russell Slade in the summer.Milton Keynes Dons also had a bid of £400,000 turned down by Chesterfield. Wigan Athletic
On 28 January 2016, Morsy agreed a two-and-a-half-year deal with Wigan Athletic after being sold for an undisclosed fee (later reported to be £200,000 plus a 10% sell-on clause for any profit Wigan may make on his future transfer). He was named on the Football League team of the week after he "pulled all the strings" in a 2–1 victory at Walsall on 20 February. He scored his first goal for Wigan in a 4–1 win against Swindon Town on 25 March. Wigan went on to win promotion as champions of League One in the 2015–16 season. On 31 August 2016, he joined Barnsley on loan for the rest of the 2016–17 season. New Wigan manager Warren Joyce activated the release clause of the loan contract in January 2017, but Joyce was pessimistic over his chances of keeping Morsy at the DW Stadium because previous manager Gary Caldwell had agreed a clause that meant Barnsley could purchase Morsy for a set fee upon expiry of the loan.<mask> returned to Wigan and signed a one-year contract extension on 16 January. He was named as team captain in August 2017, with Dan Burn also named as "club captain", though it was confirmed <mask> would wear the armband and Burns would deputise in <mask>'s absence. Paul Cook led Wigan to a highly successful 2017–18 campaign, with Morsy scoring three goals in 47 appearances as Wigan won promotion as champions of League One for the second time in three seasons. Wigan also made a big impression in the FA Cup, knocking out top-flight sides A.F.C. Bournemouth, West Ham United and Manchester City to reach the quarter-final. <mask> scored in the win over Bournemouth but missed the victory over eventual Premier League champions Manchester City due to suspension. On 15 September 2018, <mask> was sent off in a 2–0 defeat at Brentford after clashing with Yoann Barbet.However the red card was rescinded on appeal, and three days later he scored in a 2–1 victory over Hull City. He signed a new two-and-a-half-year deal with Wigan in December. He picked up 14 yellow cards in 40 appearances as Wigan posted an 18th-place finish during the 2018–19 season, and he was also ranked sixth for most completed tackles (112) in the Championship. Despite this, he said it was "the unluckiest season I've ever been involved in... and it's credit to us we've been able to overcome all that and stay in the division." He was linked with moves to both Sheffield Wednesday and Brentford in the summer. He was nominated for the EFL Championship Player of the Month award for February 2020 after scoring two goals, including the only goal of the game at league leaders West Bromwich Albion which took Wigan out of the relegation zone. He scored three goals in 44 games during the 2019–20 season, which ended in relegation after Wigan were controversially deducted 12 points after being placed into administration.<mask> was voted as the club's Player of the Year with 42% of the overall vote. Middlesbrough
On 11 September 2020, <mask> joined Championship side Middlesbrough on a three-year contract, becoming manager Neil Warnock's third signing of the summer. He made his debut at the Riverside Stadium four days later in a 2–0 defeat to Barnsley in the EFL Cup; after the game first-team coach Ronnie Jepson was encouraged by <mask>'s performance and said that "he will give us extra edge". On 16 December, he was sent off for handling the ball during a 1–0 home win over Luton Town, though Warnock said he would appeal the red card. He scored his first goal for Middlesbrough in a 2–1 loss at Swansea City on 6 March. Injuries limited him to 32 appearances in the 2020–21 season, though his consistent performances still earned him a 7-out-of-10 rating in the TeessideLive season review. He was sent off in his final appearance for "Boro", during a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers on 28 August 2021.Ipswich Town
On 31 August 2021, <mask> joined League One club Ipswich Town on a three-year deal after being signed for an undisclosed fee; arriving as the "Tractor Boys" 19th signing of the summer transfer window, it marked the third time he would play under manager Paul Cook. He was named club captain in October 2021.

International career
<mask>, who was born in England, qualified to represent Egypt as his father is Egyptian. He made his international debut on 30 August 2016 after coming on as a substitute for Mostafa Fathi at half-time in a 1–1 draw with Guinea in a friendly match at Borg El Arab Stadium. He was on the bench as Egypt secured qualification to the 2018 FIFA World Cup with a 2–1 victory over the Congo. In June 2018 he was named in Héctor Cúper's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. He made his FIFA World Cup debut in the opening game of the group stage on 15 June, coming on for the injured Tarek Hamed 50 minutes into a 1–0 defeat to Uruguay. He was recalled to the international set up in September 2021 for World Cup qualifiers against Libya in Cairo and Benghazi.Although he was ultimately left out of the final squad. Style of play
Morsy is an "enforcer" who "relies on his ability to time tackles and break-up play". After leaving Port Vale in June 2013, assistant manager Mark Grew warned Morsy to improve his disciplinary record and temper his aggression in the future, pointing out that he received nine yellow cards and one red card in the 2012–13 campaign. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Port Vale
Football League Two third-place promotion: 2012–13

Chesterfield
Football League Two: 2013–14
Football League Trophy runner-up: 2013–14

Wigan Athletic
Football/EFL League One: 2015–16, 2017–18

Individual
Port Vale Youth Player of the Year: 2009–10
Port Vale Young Player of the Year: 2010–11
Chesterfield Player of the Year: 2013–14
Wigan Athletic Player of the Year: 2019–20

References

External links

Profile at the Wigan Athletic F.C. website

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Wolverhampton
Egyptian footballers
Egypt international footballers
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Port Vale F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C.players
Barnsley F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
English Football League players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
English people of Egyptian descent

masks:
Samy Sayed Morsyy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy
Morsy


title: Janusz I of Warsaw

texts:
<mask> of Warsaw (pl: <mask> I warszawski), also known as <mask> the Old (pl: <mask>) (c. 1347/52 – 8 December 1429), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch, from 1373/74 Duke of Warsaw and after the division of the paternal inheritance between him and his brother in 1381, ruler over Nur, Łomża, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym. In addition, he was a vassal of the Polish Kingdom since 1391 for the fief of Podlachia (only during his lifetime). He was the eldest son of Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia and his first wife Euphemia, daughter of Nicholas II of Opava. Due to an error of chronicler Jan Długosz was previously assumed that <mask> was born c. 1329, and it wasn't until modern time that this date could be corrected until a much later one, c. 1346. Evidence of this fact was that only in 1373/74 he received his own duchy (with its capital in Warsaw). As the result of the partition of Masovia between him and his younger brother Siemowit IV after the death of their father on 16 June 1381, <mask> finally obtain the totally of his domains: Warsaw, Nur, Łomża, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym. Policy with the Kingdom of Poland
In this area, <mask> I faithfully maintained a close cooperation with the successive Polish rulers: <mask>.One expression of this were the three homages performed by him in the years 1373, 1383 and 1387. In this way, <mask> <mask> was directly opposed to the policy of his brother Siemowit IV, who tried to take advantage of the difficulties in the Angevin dynasty and wanted to obtain the Polish crown for himself. After the death of King Louis of Poland and Hungary, <mask>a to the Polish crown. To this end, in 1383 he went to Buda, where he offered support forces, in return for which he received a salary of 24,000 florins per year taken from the salt mines of Bochnia. His pro-Angevin policies soon caused that Janusz would be protected from the army of the future Sigismund of Luxemburg, the future Holy Roman Emperor, in his way to rescue his future wife Mary, Queen of Hungary and Jadwiga's sister. Policy towards Lithuania and seizure of Podlachia

The preference for the Polish interests in Władysław II Jagiełło in detriment of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania caused a civil war between him and his uncle Kęstutis. <mask> <mask> took advantage of this situation in 1382 to capture the towns of Podlachia and Drohiczyn, claiming them as a part of the dowry of his wife Danutė (a daughter of Kęstutis), with he had married around 1371/73.This acquisition, however, wasn't permanent, because later in that year, the Polish King, after finally defeated his uncle, managed to recover this lands. <mask> <mask>, not wanting to further complicated the situation, received with extreme coldness the fugitive Vytautas, despite being his brother-in-law, and after his refusal to accept baptism sent him to the Teutonic Knights. The relations between Władysław <mask> and <mask> <mask> where repaired only in 1387, when the Duke of Warsaw after the election of Władysław II as King of Poland, formally recognized him recognized and then took part in the royal trip to Vilnius, the first step of the Christianization of Lithuania. His good relations with Władysław II where became even more notorious in 1389 during a visit of Vytautas to Masovia, during which <mask> <mask>, in the middle of a feast, declined a golden cup offered to him by Vytautas, which was considered as an insult. On 2 September 1391 Władysław <mask>o formally gave <mask> <mask> the previously disputed lands of Podlachia and Drohiczyn in perpetuity, and with them he also received the towns of Mielnik, Bielsk Podlaski and Suraż ("terram nostram Drohiczensen, Melnyk, Surasz, Byelsko ac omnibus villis in eisdem districtubus"). Policy towards the Teutonic Knights
The friendly relations between <mask> <mask> and Władysław <mask>o caused a permanent state of hostility between Masovia from the Teutonic Order. In 1393, and for unknown reasons, Janusz I was captured during a visit to the border castle in Złotoria near Narew by the komturs of Balga and Ragnit and imprisoned at Malbork Castle by orders of the Grand Master, Konrad von Jungingen.Probably with this actions they wanted to provoke the Polish for war with the Order. As a result of the intervention of Władysław <mask>o, who sent deputies to the Teutonic Knights, <mask> <mask> was released. In 1404 the Knights again captured <mask> <mask>, this time with his wife and sons, and kept them in Saxony. Again, only the intervention of the Polish King could release them. In August 1409 the komturs of Ostróda and Pokarmin invaded <mask>'s domains. In retaliation, <mask> <mask>'s son Bolesław destroyed Działdowo and 14 surrounding villages. Between 1409-1411 <mask> <mask> continued his support to Władysław <mask> in the great war against the Teutonic Order and fielded a banner of cavalry to aid the Polish King.In the village of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, <mask> <mask> designated the place of concentration of the united Polish-Lithuanian army. From there him, at the head his army organized their squadrons of knights and went to Grunwald, where on 15 July 1410 took place the battle. <mask> <mask> then participated in the rest of the campaign. Władysław II, as way to recompensate his fidelity, give to him the Teutonic castles of Nidzica, Ostróda and Olsztyn. However, this acquisitions weren't permanent, because seven months later (1 February 1411) after the sign of the Peace of Thorn, he was forced to return the castles to the Teutonic Order. When in 1414 another war broke out with the Teutonic Knights (the called Hunger War), <mask> <mask> again decided to support the King. This time, however, probably because of his advanced age, he didn't participated directly in the campaign but send his son Bolesław.Internal Policy and Reforms
In domestic politics, <mask>i (1421), Kolno and Tykocin (1425), Przasnysz and Ostrołęka (1427) and Kamieńczyk (1428). An extremely important step took place in 1406, when he moved his capital from Czersk to newly developing strategic town of Warsaw and actively worked to develop his towns, fortified his castles and strongholds. A clear sign of this develop was the creation of a Collegiate at St. John Church and the build of a castle (who was later known as the oldest part of the future Royal Palace). Among the most notorious castles fortified during this time are the former capital Czersk, Liw and Ciechanów. Marriage and Issue
Around 23 November 1371/73, <mask> I married the Lithuanian princess Danutė (c. 1358 - c. 24 November 1424) -who in baptism took the name Ana-, a daughter of Kęstutis and sister of Vytautas, both Dukes of Trakai and Grand Dukes of Lithuania; in consequence, she was a first-cousin of the later King Władysław II Jagiełło of Poland (born Jogaila, son of Algirdas, a brother of Kęstutis). The union produced at least four children:
 Daughter (Olga?) (1373/76 - c. 8 December 1401), who married firstly in 1388 to Voivode Petru I of Moldavia and secondly with the Moldavian magnate Wilczę.<mask> (1376/81 - c. 18 October 1422). Bolesław (1385/86 - c. 4 May 1424). Konrad (c. 1400 - 9 December 1412/13). <mask> I survived all his children and passed, by testament, his domains to his eldest surviving grandson, Bolesław IV (son of the second son, Bolesław). He died on 8 December 1429 at Czersk, and was buried at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw. References

1429 deaths
Dukes of Masovia
People in the Battle of Grunwald
Year of birth uncertain

masks:
Janusz I
Janusz
Janusz I
Janusz I Starszy
Janusz I
Janusz I
Janusz
Louissław IIagio
Janusz
I
Januszwig
Janusz
I
Janusz
I
II Jagiełło
Janusz
I
Janusz
I
II Jagiełł
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title: Rico Verhoeven

texts:
<mask> (born 10 April 1989) is a Dutch professional kickboxer who currently competes in the heavyweight division of Glory, where he is the reigning Glory Heavyweight Champion. A professional since 2004, he also competed in the K-1, It's Showtime and SUPERKOMBAT promotions. He is currently ranked the number one heavyweight in the world by Combat Press. <mask> has been continually ranked as the number one kickboxer in the world by Combat Press since September 2014, when the rankings were first established. Early life
<mask>kushin. He was trained by his father, a karate black belt.After transitioning into kickboxing, Verhoeven began training at the age of seven and started competing against adults when he was only 16 years old, due to his large size. He has trained mainly in Zevenbergen under Dennis Krauweel at Superpro Sportcenter, with fellow kickboxers Benjamin Adegbuyi, Albert Kraus and Alviar Lima. Professional kickboxing career

Glory
After competing in K-1, It's Showtime and SUPERKOMBAT, Verhoeven signed with Glory World Series. He was drawn against Russian mixed martial artist Sergei Kharitonov at the opening round of the sixteen-man 2012 Glory Heavyweight Grand Slam held at Glory 4: Tokyo - 2012 Heavyweight Grand Slam in Saitama, Japan on 31 December 2012. As he was leading the judges' scorecards after the first two, two-minute rounds, he advanced to the quarter-finals where he lost out to the eventual tournament winner Semmy Schilt by the same margin. He defeated Jhonata Diniz via unanimous decision at Glory 7: Milan in Milan, Italy on 20 April 2013. He rematched Errol Zimmerman at Glory 9: New York - 2013 95kg Slam in New York City on 22 June 2013.Despite being deducted a point for rabbit punching in round one, he outworked and outstruck Zimmerman for three rounds and won by unanimous decision. Ghiță rivalry
He caused a major upset to win the Glory 11: Chicago - Heavyweight World Championship Tournament in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, United States in October 2013. After taking a majority decision over Gökhan Saki in the semi-finals, and scoring a controversial knockdown in round one, he beat Daniel Ghiță by unanimous decision in the final. <mask> further established himself by defeating kickboxing legend Peter Aerts by split decision in the tightly contested main event of Glory 13: Tokyo - Welterweight World Championship Tournament in Tokyo, Japan on 21 December 2013. <mask> was scheduled to make his professional boxing debut against Nikolaj Falin at Mix Fight Gala XV in Darmstadt, Germany on 26 April 2014 but his opponent was changed to János Finfera for undisclosed reasons. Verhoeven defeated the Hungarian by second-round knockout. He rematched and defeated Daniel Ghiță via unanimous decision in a bout for the vacant Glory Heavyweight (+95 kg/209 lb) Championship at Glory 17: Los Angeles in Inglewood, California, US on June 21, 2014.Zimmerman trilogy
<mask> was scheduled to make the first defense of his Glory Heavyweight title against Errol Zimmerman at Glory 19: Virginia, in what would be their trilogy match. Each fighter had previously won once, Verhoeven by decision, and Zimmerman by knockout. Verhoeven kept to out fighting, looking to deal damage with body kicks and straight shots, while keeping his opponent at distance with snap kicks and teep kicks. With a minute left in the first round, both fighters engaged in a wild exchange, with Errol being dropped at the end of it. He was once again dropped with a front kick, with half a minute left in the round. The fight ended in a technical knockout, as Zimmerman injured his left knee, following a missed spinning back kick. Adegbuyi fights
For his second title defense, Verhoeven was scheduled to fight the former SUPERKOMBAT Heavyweight GP winner Benjamin Adegbuyi at Glory 22: Lille.Adegebuyi managed to stun the champion in the first round, before <mask> took over in the second. He dominated the rest of the affair, picking up in both volume and pace as the fight went on, while Adegbuyi slowed down. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision (49–47, 49–47 and 50–45). After this loss, Adegbuyi won the 2015 Glory Heavyweight Contender Tournament, to once again earn a title shot at Glory 26: Amsterdam, six months after their first fight. The second fight ended with a first-round KO, with Verhoeven quickly overwhelming his opponent and knocking him out with right hook. After this fight, <mask> changed his nickname from "Prince of Kickboxing" to "King of Kickboxing". <mask> was scheduled to defend his title for the fourth time just three months later, at Glory 28: Paris, against the newly crowned FFC Heavyweight champion Mladen Brestovac.Just as with his two previous title bouts against Benjamin Adegbuyi, Verhoeven was thoroughly dominant, despite a slow first round which he lost with one of the judges. He won the fight by unanimous decision (49–46, 50–45, 50–45). For his fifth consecutive title defense, Verhoeven was to face the Brazilian Anderson Braddock Silva at Glory 33: New Jersey. <mask> began the fight with several leg kicks, which he would keep throwing for the duration of the bout, landing 16 kicks from 22 attempts in the first round alone. Early in the second round, he knocked Silva down with an inside right leg kick. After 40 seconds in the second round, Verhoeven once again knocked Silva down, this time with a left leg head kick. He would knock Silva down for the third time with five seconds left in the second round, forcing the referee to wave the fight off.Verhoeven vs. Hari
The 10 December 2016 bout against former world champion Badr Hari at GLORY Collision in Oberhausen, Germany, was considered a watershed moment for Verhoeven's career, with Hari being a very entertaining, albeit controversial fighter, who had been a dominant force in the kickboxing community, while also being taller (1.98 to 1.96 cm) with a reach advantage over Verhoeven. Competing for the first time in over a year, Hari promised he would knock out Verhoeven in the first round. Intending to keep his promise, Hari came out aggressively in the first round, opening a cut on Verhoeven's nose early in the fight. Hari won the first round. The GLORY heavyweight champion returned more aggressive in the second round, but the fight ended by an injury at Hari's arm after which he couldn't continue the fight. Verhoeven scored the 50th victory of his kickboxing career with a TKO. After defeating Hari, Glory was unable to find an appropriate opponent for Verhoeven, and so arranged for him to fight the reigning Enfusion Super Heavyweight champion Ismael Lazaar in a non-title fight at Glory 41: Holland.Verhoeven dominated the fight, with Lazaar being unable to cover the distance, being six inches shorter than the champion. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Lazaar would later fail a doping test and was suspended for four years. Glory would once again book Verhoeven in a non-title match against Antônio Silva, in what the website Bloody Elbow called a "gross mismatch". Silva was given a 35-1 odds to win. <mask> abandoned his usual strategy of outfighting, unleashing several combinations on the MMA fighter. The fight ended in a technical knockout, after <mask> knocked Silva down with a head kick 43 seconds into the second round.<mask> vs. Ben Saddik
Verhoeven fought Jamal Ben Saddik in defense of Glory heavyweight title, on 9 December 2017. In a fight that has been called the biggest fight in kickboxing history due to the size of the contestants, with Jamal being 6' 9", 280 lbs and <mask> himself at 6' 5", 260 lbs. Jamal defeated a young <mask> in their first meeting in 2011, but since then has had a record of 11 wins to 6 losses, while <mask> climbed the P4P rankings and established himself as a kickboxing world champion. Ben Saddik found success early on in the fight, before <mask> took over as the fight went on, winning by a fifth-round TKO. Verhoven was again scheduled to defend his title at Glory 54: Birmingham, in a rematch with Mladen Brestovac. Verhoeven had won five straight fights since their first meeting, while Brestovac came into the fight on a three fight winning streak. The champion stuck to his patented outfighting, damaging the challenger with low kicks and front kicks from distance early, and unleashing hand combinations later in the fight.<mask> won a comfortable unanimous decision with 50–45 on all five scorecards. He was scheduled to defend his title for a record setting eight time at Glory 59: Amsterdam, when he faced the WGP Heavyweight champion Guto Inocente. Inocente would use several illegal moves during the fight, such as a foot sweep and a judo throw, however, <mask> would again dominate the bout, winning all five rounds on each of the judges scorecards. <mask> vs. Hari II

For his ninth title defense, Verhoeven was set to fight a rematch with Badr Hari at Glory 74: Arnhem. Since their first fight, Hari had served a prison sentence, and had only fought once in the meantime, he won against Hesdy Gerges by unanimous decision but later turned into a no-contest. The fight itself took place in the sold out GelreDome, in front of 30 000 fans. Verhoeven began the fight in an uncharacteristically aggressive fashion, and was knocked down at the 1:40 minute mark of the first round.He found more success in the second round, but was once again knocked down with a head kick in the third round. The fight ended in the third round, with Verhoeven winning by TKO, after Hari broke his ankle with a missed kick. Aside from selling out the arena, the rematch also drew 3.5 million viewers, an estimated 53% of the live television audience in the Netherlands, which was the second highest viewership of a live sports broadcast, in Dutch television history. Glory 77
It was revealed by Glory in October 2020 that Verhoeven would fight a trilogy match with Jamal Ben Saddik in early 2021, although the exact date and event weren't announced. Their fight was a rubber match, as both fighters held a TKO win over the other. Their fight was later scheduled for Glory 77 on 30 January 2021. 11 days before the event, Ben Saddik withdrew due to a back injury.Accordingly, <mask> was scheduled to take part in a four-man heavyweight tournament, facing Hesdy Gerges in the semifinals, after Gerges called <mask> out. He won the semifinal bout against Hesdy Gerges by unanimous decision, and the final bout against Tarik Khbabez by TKO, after Khbabez retired at the end of the first round. <mask> vs. Ben Saddik III
It was announced on August 23, 2021 that <mask> would make the tenth defense of his Glory Heavyweight Championship against the 2010 K-1 World Grand Prix winner Alistair Overeem. The fight was scheduled for Glory: Collision 3 on October 23, 2021. On October 7, it was revealed that Overeem had suffered an injury in training and was forced to withdraw from the bout. Overeem was replaced by Jamal Ben Saddik, who stepped in on two-weeks notice. <mask> defeated Ben Saddik by TKO in the fourth round.Professional mixed martial arts career
<mask> made his MMA pro debut at RXF 20: <mask> vs. Bogutzki in Sibiu, Romania on 19 October 2015 defeating Viktor Bogutzki by TKO in the 1st round due to punches. Prior to his MMA debut he trained in San Jose, California at the American Kickboxing Academy, where he trained with fighters like Daniel Cormier and Jon Fitch. Fighting style
<mask> is tall and very athletic for a fighter his size. Besides his physical gifts, he is an intelligent fighter. He has a wide arsenal of attacks, most notably his powerful low kicks, and a tight defense. He also worked closely with WBC and Lineal heavyweight world champion Tyson Fury, whom he credits with turning his jab into the highly effective weapon it is now. Championships and accomplishments

Kickboxing
Glory
2014 Glory Heavyweight (+95 kg/209 lb) World Championship Tournament Champion
Glory Heavyweight (+95 kg/209 lb) Championship (one time; current)
Ten successful title defenses
2017 Glory Fighter of the Year
2017 Glory Knockout of the Year
2019 Glory Highlight of the Year
2021 Glory 77 Heavyweight Tournament Winner
Liverkick.com
2017 Fighter of the Year
Kickboxingplanet.com
2016 Kickboxer of the Year
Bloody Elbow.com
2013 Kickboxer of the Year

Kickboxing record (Incomplete)

Boxing record

Mixed martial arts record

| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Viktor Bogutzki
| TKO (punches)
| RXF 20: <mask> vs. Bogutzki
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:11
| Sibiu, Romania
|

Filmography

Personal life
<mask> and his ex-wife, Jacky Duchenne, have together two daughters (b.2011 & 2015) and a son (b. 2017). Acting
<mask> made his film debut in a small role opposite Alain Moussi in the sequel Kickboxer: Retaliation. See also
List of male kickboxers

References

External links

 Profile at Glory

1989 births
Living people
Dutch male mixed martial artists
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
Dutch male kickboxers
Heavyweight kickboxers
Dutch male karateka
Heavyweight boxers
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai
Mixed martial artists utilizing kickboxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing Kyokushin kaikan
Dutch Muay Thai practitioners
People from Bergen op Zoom
Dutch male boxers
Glory kickboxers
SUPERKOMBAT kickboxers
Kunlun Fight kickboxers

masks:
Ricardo Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Rico Verhoevenyo
Rico
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Rico
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Rico
Verhoeven
Rico
Rico
Rico
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
Verhoeven
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title: Petey Scalzo

texts:
<mask> (1917-1993) was an American boxer from Hell's Kitchen, New York. He was declared the National Boxing Association Featherweight Championship of the World on May 1, 1940, two weeks prior to winning a sixth-round technical knockout over Frankie Covelli on May 15, 1940. The NBA had withdrawn the world featherweight championship from Joey Archibald the previous month for his refusal to fight leading contenders, including <mask>. <mask>'s manager was the hard working Pete Reilly who found monthly bouts for <mask> as he began to rise in the boxing ranks. His trainers were Dan and Nick Florio. Early life and career
Scazo was born in Brooklyn, New York on August 1, 1917, to an Italian family, and survived a rough childhood in Hell’s Kitchen. To earn a living as a youth, he sold newspapers, and danced on street corners for small donations from passing pedestrians.According to one source he spoke Italian, Greek, and sign language as a young man. Showing remarkable talent in his pursuit of boxing as an amateur, he took the New York Metropolitan AAU championship, and International Golden Gloves bantamweight championship. At the end of his amateur career in 1936, he won the New York Daily News Golden Gloves Open Bantamweight 118 pound Championship before a crowd of 20,000, and soon decided to turn professional. Important win over NYSAC featherweight champion Joey Archibald, 1938
On December 5, 1938, <mask> defeated the reigning New York State Athletic Commission's (NYSAC) world featherweight champion Joey Archibald in a second-round knockout at Royal Windsor Arena in New York. The bout was not a title fight, and certainly not recognized as one by the National Boxing Association (NBA), a sanctioning body with a wider range and more prestige than the NYSAC. In the first round, Archibald received a hard right to the chin, but managed to rally to keep the round even. After finding an opening in the second round, <mask> delivered three powerful right hooks to the chin of Archibald that dropped him 2 minutes, and 10 seconds after the bell.The win would cement <mask> as the leading contender for the National Boxing Association's world featherweight championship. Demonstrating his punching ability, <mask> defeated Lou Transparenti at Turners Arena in Washington in a seventh-round technical knockout on January 3, 1939. On December 1, 1939, <mask> defeated Allie Stoltz in a fourth-round knockout at New York's Madison Square Garden. It was Stoltz's first loss by knockout. In the fourth, <mask> knocked Stoltz to the mat for a count of seven with a strong left hook to the chin. Upon arising he was knocked to the mat again with a straight right, after which the referee ended the bout when Stolz could not rise to his feet. Taking the NBA world featherweight championship, May 1940
On May 15, 1940, <mask> defeated Frankie Covelli for the National Boxing Association (NBA) World featherweight title at Washington D.C.'s Griffith Stadium in a decisive sixth-round TKO.<mask> had previously been declared world featherweight champion by the NBA on May 1, 1940. <mask> first dropped Covelli to the mat in the fifth with a left hook during close infighting that required Covelli to take a count of nine before he could rise to resume the bout. Upon arising, <mask> knocked Covelli to the mat again, and after he resumed the bout, <mask> dropped him for the third and final time. The win was probably <mask>'s single most important victory. He followed his victory over Covelli with a decisive eight round points decision over Mike Belloise before a roaring crowd of 900 at Starlight Park in the Bronx on June 3, 1940. Belloise briefly held the NYSAC world featherweight title in 1936 before being stripped of it in August, 1937.

Notable bouts during world featherweight title reign
On July 10, 1940, in one of his few defenses of the world featherweight title, <mask> defeated Bobby "Poison" Ivy in a fifteen-round TKO in Hartford, Connecticut. <mask> showed superiority in both long range boxing and infighting, though in the twelfth, Ivy staged a comeback which brought the Connecticut crowd of 5,000 to their feet.Ivy did not return to the ring as the bell sounded for the fifteenth round due to a badly cut and bleeding lip. The United Press scoreboard gave <mask> eleven rounds, with the second and twelfth for Ivy, and one tied. A few officials present felt Ivy deserved the eleventh round as well. On July 15, 1940, <mask> defeated Maxie Fisher before a crowd of around 5600 in a ten-round points decision at Meadowbrook Bowl in Newark, New Jersey. <mask> was five years younger and had boxed professionally six fewer years. His youthfulness allowed him to step up the contest in the final five rounds. Fisher could not keep pace as <mask> bored in and delivered a variety of blows, particularly his close range left hook.Nonetheless, there were no knockdowns, and Fisher rallied at times to keep the crowd interested. On August 26, 1940, <mask> defeated Jimmy Perrin in a well publicized ten round unanimous decision which brought 10,000 fans to City Park Stadium in New Orleans. Perrin, who fought defensively throughout the bout, was "completely outclassed" by the hard punching <mask>, and took only the ninth round. Though <mask> dominated, the fight had no knockdowns and neither boxer left the bout with visible injuries. As both boxers were over the featherweight limit, there was no title at stake. In an unexpected loss, on October 4, 1940, Jewish boxer Julie Kogon defeated <mask> in a non-title eight round points decision at Madison Square Garden. <mask> was down in both the sixth and seventh rounds.Though both fighters fought under 131 pounds, very close to the featherweight range, Kogon was never recognized as a world featherweight championship, as he was a pound or two overweight. In a non-title bout on November 1, 1940, <mask> defeated Bernie Friedkin, a Jewish boxer from Brooklyn, at New York's Madison Square Garden in an eight-round points decision, though the New York Times reported the decision was not well received by the fans who were rooting for Friedkin. On April 18, 1941, he won a first-round technical knockout against Andy Strivani at Legion Stadium in Hollywood, flooring him four times in the first round with rousing rights to the head. After 1:25 of the first around, the referee called the fight. Title match draw with Phil Zwick, May 19, 1941
<mask> fought Phil Zwick for the National Boxing Association World featherweight title on May 19, 1941, in a Milwaukee, Wisconsin bout that was eventually declared a draw after it was discovered referee Barney Ross had changed his initial scoring from a draw to a <mask> win. Ross may have been inexperienced as a referee, as his real fame was as a former world light and welterweight champion. Losing the NBA world featherweight championship to Richie Lemos, July, 1941
On July 1, 1941 <mask> lost the NBA world featherweight title before a near capacity crowd of 9,500 to Richie Lemos in a fifth-round knockout of a 12-round bout at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles.<mask> claimed that he had been somewhat weak during practice the weeks before, having trouble making weight. He was briefly down in the first for a no count from a left by Lemos, who appeared to take the first two rounds. The third and fourth appeared to belong to <mask>, however, who landed effective uppercuts and crossing rights to Lemos, who rarely countered. In the fifth round, Lemos changed to his natural right hand forward with left foot back or southpaw stance, and in an instant landed a vicious left to the head of <mask> that changed the course of the bout. Lemos then chased <mask> to a corner, delivering more punishment. When <mask> tried to retreat, Lemos tagged him with another scorching left that put his crumpled opponent on the mat for a nine count. According to one source, Lemos had used a feint with his right to throw <mask> off balance prior to delivering his scorching left.As <mask> gamely rose and made a futile attempt to resume the fight for the last time, Lemos dropped him for an eight count. <mask> struggled to rise without success, and the referee called the bout. Loss against reigning NYSAC world lightweight champion Bob Montgomery, October 1943
<mask>'s last publicized fight was against reigning NYSAC  and Pennsylvania lightweight champion Bob Montgomery on October 25, 1943 at Convention Hall in Philadelphia. No title was at stake as both men were over the lightweight limit, with Montgomery at 137 and <mask> at 138. In 1970 he played "Dinty the Dope" in Starlite Film's poorly reviewed Cauliflower Cupids appearing once again with ex-champions LaMotta and Graziano. <mask> died in New York on June 15, 1993, at 73. His wife Christina died a few years earlier.He spent several years in a Veteran's Hospital, suffering from Alzheimers prior to his death. Primary boxing achievements

|-

|-

External links
 http://www.boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Human:25527
 http://www.boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=25527&cat=boxer

References

1917 births
1993 deaths
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Boxers from New York City
Featherweight boxers
World boxing champions
World featherweight boxing champions
American boxers of Italian descent
American male boxers

masks:
Petey Scalzo
Scalzo
Scalzo
Scalzo
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Scalzo
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Scalzo


title: Claire L. Ramsey

texts:
<mask> is an American linguist. <mask> is an Associate Professor Emerita at the University of California, San Diego. She is an alumna of Gallaudet University and is former instructor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, Nebraska. <mask>'s research has focused on the sociolinguistics of deaf and signing communities in the US and Mexico. Publications

<mask> is the author of two books, Deaf Children in Public Schools and The People Who Spell, both published by Gallaudet University Press. She co-authored the report titled Deaf Students as Reader and Writers: A Mixed-mode Research Approach with Carol Padden. Deaf Children in Public Schools is part of the Sociolinguistic in Deaf Communities series.This book profiles three American deaf children in the second grade. As many deaf students are being placed in mainstream public education in the US, <mask> wanted to observe these children in different classroom settings; comparing all-deaf classes with mainstreamed general education classes. <mask>'s research suggests that deaf and hard-of-hearing students perform better educationally when they were in an all-deaf classroom. This is because they have full access to the course content in a visual language and the classroom environment is more accommodating to their needs. The People Who Spell deals with the Escuela Nacional pare Sorodundos (Mexican National School for the Deaf). This school was opened by the Mexican government in the 1860s in order to educate  the deaf citizens of Mexico. The language policy of the school was to teach the students using spoken Spanish, with the goal of them learning to lipread (i.e., the oral approach).(The school closed in the 1970s.) Although the students that attended the Escuela Nacional did not use Lengua De Senas Mexicana (LSM or Mexican Sign Language) to communicate, as many modern-day deaf Mexicans do, they did pride themselves on using el deletreo, or LSM fingerspelling. The book interviews students who had attended the Escuela Nacional and they tell about their experiences at the school. One interviewee, Maria de los angeles Beodlla, expressed her feeling that when she was going to school her classmates and her were more cultured and educated then today's deaf people in Mexico. In analyzing these interviews, <mask> identified a common theme, a sense of disappointment in how modern-day Mexico has failed its deaf citizens. Deaf Students as Reader and Writers: A Mixed-mode Research Approach was co-authored with Carol Padden. In this report they focused on the reading and writing skills of 135 deaf or hard-of-hearing school-aged children.Of these children, 83 attend a residential school for the deaf, and the other 52 attended a public school that had the deaf and hard-of-hearing program. <mask> and Padden observed these children to determine if they learned how to read and write better in a residential school or public school. They found that there are other factors that contribute to a deaf child successfully learning to read and write; particularly, whether or not the child's parents or family members are also deaf. Children from deaf families tended to attend the deaf residential schools. Age detection and the length of time that they attended school were determining factors to the children's literacy successful, as well. <mask>'s published articles include: "Classroom Discourse Practices of a Deaf Teacher Using American Sign Language" and  "Ninos Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and Miracle Cures in Mexico". In "Classroom Discourse Practices of a Deaf Teacher Using American Sign Language" <mask> discusses the experience of a Deaf fifth grade teacher.This teacher uses American Sign Language as a way of communication at the school she works for, where she has taught for about thirty-five years. The teacher is a native signer of ASL and she signs in her classroom. Her teaching strategies have helped her students become more interactive in the classroom. In "Ninos Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and Miracle Cures in Mexico" <mask> discusses different types of "cures" they use on deaf children in Mexico. In the article, <mask> explains that many causes of deafness are related to the culture, and that in Mexico they are trying to cure deafness because they say that the child needs to be treated right away or rehabilitated. In Mexico they are trying to make these children part of the community. They want these children to be integrated into the hearing society that they live in.<mask> served on the Editorial Advisory Board for several volumes of The Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities series, published by Gallaudet University Press. Pinky Extension and Eye Gaze (1998), edited by Ceil <mask>, which explores the sociolinguistic dynamics among deaf people and signing communities. In this volume, researchers explored different areas of linguistics as applied to American Sign Language: phonological variation, language in education, discourse analysis, second language acquisition, and language attitudes. In Storytelling and Conversation: Discourse in Deaf Communities, contributors explored discourse analysis of sign languages in various countries; which included: Bali, Italy, England, and the US. The research discussed in Turn-Taking, Fingerspelling, and Contact in Sign Language focuses on sign language use by deaf people in their communities and in international contact situations. A more recent contribution of <mask>'s was to the volume Language Acquisition by Eye, edited by Charlene Chamberlain, Jill Patterson Morford, and Rachel I. Mayberry. The chapter "Reading Ability in Signing Deaf Children" was co-authored by <mask> and Padden.In this chapter, they discuss how deaf children learn to read; describing that knowledge of specific ASL linguistic structure correlates to reading achievement. Children that perform better on reading tests are those who have the ability to write down words that are fingerspelled to them and then are able to translate them into signs; which is often seen in children who grew up being exposed to sign language. References

"Deaf Children in Public Schools." Gallaudet University Press. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/2909.html>."<mask> <mask>, The People Who Spell. Recommend to Your Friends and Book Club." Book Review

	| Books Online | TheReadingRoom.com. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://www.thereadingroom.com/the-people-who-spell/bp/4347826>. "The People Who Spell."Gallaudet University Press. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. <http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/bookpage/PWSbookpage.html>. Padden, Carol, and <mask>. "Deaf Students as Readers and Writers: a Mixed-mode

	Research Approach." ERIC – World's Largest Digital Library of Education Literature.Web. 10

	Dec. 2011. <http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true>. <mask>, <mask>., and David H. Smith. "Classroom Discourse Practices of a Deaf Teacher Using

	American Sign Language." Web. 15 Nov. 2011.<http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sign_language_studies/summary/v005/5.1smith.html>. <mask>, <mask>., and Jose Noriega. "Ninos Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and

	Miracle Cures in Mexico." Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/sign_language_studies/summary/v001/1.3ramsey.html>. "Pinky Extension and Eye Gaze."Gallaudet University Press. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. <http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/070x.html>. "Storytelling and Conversation: Discourse in Deaf Communities." Gallaudet University Press. Web.11
 	Dec. 2011. <http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/SAC.html>. Google Books. Web. 13 Dec. 2011. <https://books.google.com/books?hl=en>. "Turn-Taking, Fingerspelling, and Contact in Signed Languages."Gallaudet University Press. Web. 13

 	Dec. 2011. <http://gupress.gallaudet.edu/bookpage/TTFCbookpage.html>. Living people
University of Nebraska–Lincoln people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Claire L Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Ramsey
Lucas
Ramsey
Ramsey
Claire L
Ramsey
Claire Ramsey
Ramsey
Claire L
Ramsey
Claire L