title: Christopher Curry

texts:
<mask> (born 28 January 1946 in Cambridge) is the co-founder of Acorn Computers, with Hermann Hauser and Andy Hopper. He became a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success. In his early career days, he worked at Pye, Royal Radar Establishment and W.R. Grace Laboratories. Then, in April 1966 he joined Sinclair Radionics where he worked for 13 years. He was involved with their hifi products and their Sinclair C5 electric vehicle. In 1972, he helped Sinclair Radionics to launch its first electronic calculator, the Sinclair Executive. He set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd. (CPU) in December 1978.Their first product was the Acorn Microcomputer (later called the System 1). In 1983, he co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter and <mask> and they bought the Acorn User title. In 1985, he founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS) and remains the director. In 2012, he announced his latest project for GIS, Care with Canary. Early life

<mask> went to school initially in St Neots in Cambridgeshire, then later went to the independent Kimbolton School, also in Cambridgeshire. He gained two A levels, in Maths and Physics. He thought about going to university at the University of Southampton, but was keener to be earning some money whilst learning.Early career

He joined Pye in Cambridge in 1964. He stayed for a few months, then left for the Royal Radar Establishment in Worcestershire. He worked on the radar for the proposed BAC TSR-2. The RRE had been the site of many technological advances such as the integrated circuit in 1952. He stayed for nine months. He moved to the W.R. Grace Laboratories, run by ITT, and stayed for six months. Sinclair Radionics

In April 1966, <mask> joined Sinclair Radionics, a company founded by Clive Sinclair in 1961.<mask> was to play an important role in getting Sinclair interested in both calculators and computers in his thirteen years with the company. <mask> was at first involved with Sinclair's hifi products, which included amplifiers and speakers, and he also worked on Sinclair's electric vehicle, a project that would turn into the C5 some years later. In 1972, Sinclair Radionics launched its first electronic calculator, the Executive, which was considerably smaller than its competitors since it used hearing-aid-sized batteries. <mask> and Jim Westwood had discovered that it was possible to exploit persistence in the diode displays and memory and introduced a timer that removed the power from these components for most of the time. This discovery dramatically improved the lasting-power of the batteries. Until 1976 Sinclair Radionics had enjoyed 15 years of strong turnover and profit growth. However, the company sustained losses related to difficulties with chip supplies for the Black Watch.As a result, there were insufficient internal funds available for the final stages of the pocket TV project Sinclair had been working on for some 10 years. In August 1976 the National Enterprise Board (NEB) provided £650,000 in return for 43 per cent stake in Sinclair Radionics. Sinclair did not like sharing control of his company. Thus, he converted a company he had purchased in 1973, Ablesdeal Ltd, into Westminster Mail Order Ltd, which was itself renamed to Sinclair Instrument Ltd. In this way, he maintained control of his most important projects. Science of Cambridge

Shortly after the NEB took control Sinclair encouraged <mask> to leave Sinclair Radionics to get Sinclair Instruments off the ground. <mask> borrowed some money and rented offices at 6 King's Parade, Cambridge.To raise cash, Sinclair Instruments released the Wrist Calculator, designed by John Pemberton, in February 1977. The product was successful, selling 15,000 units. In July 1977, the company was renamed to Science of Cambridge Ltd. Around the same time Ian Williamson showed <mask> a prototype computer based around a National Semiconductor SC/MP and some parts scavenged from a Sinclair Cambridge calculator. <mask> was impressed and encouraged Sinclair to adopt this as a product; an agreement was reached with Williamson but no contract was ever signed: Nat Semi had offered to redesign the project so that it used only their components and they also offered to manufacture the boards. <mask> took Nat Semi up on its offer and in June 1978 Science of Cambridge launched a microcomputer kit (marketed as the MK14) based around the National SC/MP chip. <mask> wanted to further develop the MK14 but Sinclair was working on the NewBrain. Sinclair's reluctance to develop the MK14 led <mask> to consider his options.Throughout the MK14 project he had been discussing it with his friend, physics researcher Hermann Hauser, who had also helped by seeking out advice from the many computer experts on hand in Cambridge University. Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd

Curry and Hauser had become increasingly interested in the idea of selling their own computers and so, on 5 December 1978, they set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd (CPU). Their first customer was Ace Coin Equipment Ltd, who needed controllers for their fruit machines. Acorn Computer

The Acorn Microcomputer (later to be called the System 1) was launched as the first product of a new company, Acorn Computers Ltd, founded in March 1979. <mask> said that they "chose the word Acorn because it was going to be an expanding and growth-oriented system". After becoming a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success with the BBC Micro project, in 1983 <mask> co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter (former publisher of advertising trade weekly Campaign) and <mask> (former editor of Daily Express newspaper). The company bought the Acorn User title.GIS

At the time of the Olivetti takeover of Acorn in 1985 <mask> founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS), based on Acorn's Communications Group, and he remains a director. GIS specialises in Smart Card technologies for access control and electronic money. In 2012 he announced his latest project with GIS, Care with Canary, a wireless sensor system that allows family members to remotely monitor relatives living alone and triggers alerts. See also
 Micro Men

References

Bibliography

 Lloyd, Tom (1984). Dinosaur & Co.: Studies in Corporate Evolution. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul. Penny, R. K. (1986).Developing a Philosophy for Engineering. Cape Town: University of Cape Town. Perry, James (1985). "Britain's Sir Clive Sinclair Keeps Bouncing Back With New Inventions." The Wall Street Journal. 6 June. Pesola, Maija (2005)."The Fertile Soil of Silicon Fen." Financial Times. 9 February. 1946 births
Living people
Acorn Computers
English businesspeople
Businesspeople in computing
People from Cambridge
People educated at Kimbolton School

masks:
Christopher Curry
Christopher Ward
Curry
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title: Neal Marshad

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born April 25, 1952) is an American film and television producer, director, cinematographer, advertising executive, internet strategist, and designer. Personal life
<mask> was born on April 25, 1952, in Peekskill, New York, grew up in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, and since 1975 <mask> resides in Tribeca in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Starting in 1971, <mask> attended New York University, Tisch School of the Arts for Film and TV, with mentorship by his professor George C. Stoney who taught documentary filmmaking. <mask>'s classmates included Barry Sonnenfeld, Amy Heckerling, Susan Seidelman, Martin Brest, Mitchell Block and Leonard Maltin. Career timeline

After graduating New York University Tisch School of the Arts in 1974, <mask> produced and photographed films for NBC's Saturday Night Live over a 43-year period, beginning in 1978. Southside Johnny and The Asbury Jukes commissioned <mask> to direct a documentary film including a live concert at the Asbury Park Convention Hall on August 8, 1979. The film was first shown in January 1980 on Warner Cable's QUBE in Columbus, Ohio.In 1982, <mask> won his first Emmy Award for outstanding achievement in directing and cinematography for his work for CBS Sports Super Bowl XVI

In 1982, <mask> formed Neal Marshad Productions, and began producing films for IBM in the US and Europe using the ARPANET to facilitate global communications between crews and clients. IBM commissioned <mask> to direct a documentary film about architect Renzo Piano and the IBM Traveling Technology Pavilion in Paris. In 1984 <mask> collaborated with actor/producer Michael Douglas,  Betsy Gotbaum, and Rolling Stone Magazine's publisher Jann Wenner, and the New York City Police Department to produce a documentary film about handgun ownership  dedicated to John Lennon. In 1989, <mask> produced and directed the television documentary The Conspiracy of Silence  with actress Kathleen Turner. in 1989 and 1990, Marshad produced, directed and photographed two standup comedy specials hosted by Improvisation Comedy Club founder Budd Friedman and sponsored by Johnnie Walker. The one-hour specials were broadcast respectively on The Comedy Channel in 1989 and on Comedy Central in 1990, for which Marshad directed then unknown comedians Steve Harvey, Ray Romano, Brian Kiley, Judd Apatow and Ellen Cleghorne. In 1993, while working for IBM Latin America, and creating a documentary film about making the Vatican Library accessible online, <mask> pioneered streaming video on the internet, and was first to stream a video on a BBC’s website in 1995.In 1996, <mask> formed The Marshad Technology Group, a digital agency, and was hired by clients including Chanel, Neiman Marcus, Beiersdorf La Prairie, and the BBC to strategize, create and launch their internet businesses. In the same year, he was commissioned by Speedo, the swimwear manufacturer, to create and launch Speedo.com. Marshad was the first to enable email communication between Olympic athletes and sports fans online, for the Olympics Summer games in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1997, <mask> started to collaborate with playwright Edward Albee and Martha Wadsworth Coigney  to create the first website for the International Theatre Institute. The goal of the website was to promote open and free communications among playwrights, actors, directors and all people working in theater around the world. For that effort, <mask> directed and streamed audio interviews which he recorded of Albee. This was the first recorded performance Albee allowed to be published on the web.In 1998, <mask> worked as segment producer and cinematographer on the TV special Saturday Night Live: The Best of Phil Hartman, collaborating with writer/director Tom Schiller and actors Phil Hartman and Jan Hooks which became the last tribute to Hartman in a special send off by all the current and past SNL cast members who worked with Hartman including Candice Bergen, Dana Carvey, Danny DeVito, Will Ferrell, Chris Kattan, Steve Martin, Mike Myers, Chris Rock, Adam Sandler, and William Shatner. Al Franken was one of the writers as well as Conan O'Brien and others. <mask> was director of photography (videographer) for the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education interviews of Martin Greenfield in Westhampton, New York. Under the direction of Steven Spielberg, the Foundation has collected the permanent testimony of over 52,000 holocaust survivors, liberators, rescuers, and war crimes trial participants. <mask> collaborated again with playwright Edward Albee to create and direct videos of his performances at the Jack Lenor Larsen sculpture garden at LongHouse Reserve, East Hampton, New York in 1999. <mask> was hired in October 1999 by Janet Gurwitch, founder of Laura Mercier Cosmetics to provide strategy, design and technology for www.lauramercier.com. In September 2001, <mask> collaborated with actor Jerry Stiller, jazz singer Cassandra Wilson and actress Kathleen Turner, to create "What Can I Do?"a public service television campaign for the Citizens Committee for New York City to help residents recover from the destruction of the September 11 attacks. <mask> had previously collaborated with the Citizens Committee for New York City starting in 1977  to help NYC residents recover from New York City blackout of 1977 and David Berkowitz (the "Son of Sam") and created the "Who Cares About NYC?" public service television campaign with Diane von Fürstenberg, Otto Preminger, Robert Merrill, Jack Gilford, Dina Merrill, Cliff Robertson, Gato Barbieri, Alan King (comedian), Robert Klein, Henny Youngman, and others. <mask> is currently an executive producer for Eurocinema vod, the Video-On-Demand television network available specializing in European box office films that is in 35 million United States homes. In August 2011 <mask> signed an agreement with the Apollo Theater to exclusively direct, develop, joint venture and produce musical and comedy filmed entertainment for online streaming to worldwide audiences. In 2012 <mask> worked as segment producer, segment director, and segment director of photography for a TV special produced by and starring Steve Harvey. The Marshad Technology Group achieved Google Partner status in March, 2014.<mask> was asked, in May 2014, to become DOWNTOWN magazine's Digital Media Advisor, and was offered a board position. On October 11, 2014, "Love is a Dream", a film Marshad produced and photographed, was broadcast on Saturday Night Live as a tribute to former cast member Jan Hooks who died on October 8, 2014. The film was included in the Saturday Night Live 25th Anniversary Special which aired on September 25, 1999 which won the 2000 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special. The film was also included in the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special which aired on February 15, 2015. Steve Harvey and Deep Dish Productions of Chicago, LLC contracted with <mask> in October 2015 to provide Segment Producer/Director/Director of Photography services for The Steve Harvey Show on NBC. In June 2016, <mask> was named to the International Advisory Board of LongHouse Reserve, by Jack Lenor Larsen, East Hampton (town), New York. In November 2016, Microsoft asked Marshad to become a Microsoft Bing Partner Agency.On November 20, 2021, "Java Junkie", a film Marshad produced and photographed, was broadcast on Saturday Night Live as a tribute to former cast member and writer Peter Aykroyd. References

External links
 https://www.marshad.com
 NYTimes.com News From the Advertising Industry article
 Marshad Technology Group/Neal Marshad Productions' Facebook Page
 NYTimes.com Style Section article
 http://www.steveharvey.com/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuBooT9K3Ic Cassandra Wilson "Sing With Your Neighbors" TV spot
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj26LDPOfKM Jerry Stiller "Get Off Your Tuchas!" TV spot
 http://theconcourse.deadspin.com/watch-jan-hooks-and-phil-hartman-in-the-weird-gorgeous-1644570315
 https://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live
 http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/jan-hooks-phil-hartman-in-saturday-night-live-s-love-is-a-dream-1.9488676
 http://www.hulu.com/watch/698984 "Love is a Dream"
 http://www.longhouse.org/pages/who-we-are "International Advisory Board, LongHouse Reserve
 https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/saturday-night-live-recap-billie-043014765.html

1952 births
Living people
American film producers
American film directors
People from Peekskill, New York
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Film directors from New York (state)

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Neal Marshad
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title: Allan Lamb

texts:
<mask> (born 20 June 1954) is a South African-born former English cricketer, who played for the first-class teams of Western Province and Northamptonshire. Making his Test debut in 1982, he was a fixture in the Test and One-Day International team for the next decade. He represented England at three World Cups. He served as captain of Northamptonshire, and also captained England in three Test matches. Personal life
<mask> was born to British parents in Langebaanweg, Union of South Africa. His father Mickey was a journeyman club bowler. <mask> attended Wynberg Boys' High School and Abbots College.Career

Domestic cricket in South Africa
In January 1973, <mask> made his first team debut at the age of 18 when he played for the Western Province in the Currie Cup. He batted at number three and made 59 and 36 against the Eastern Province. He then had a two-year absence from the game and joined the National Service in the South African Air Force building airfields before returning to the club. Western Province then experimented with <mask> as an opener, at 5 and 6 but 4 was always his true and regular position in the batting order for Western Province. <mask> then had one year playing for Orange Free State, where he scored his highest first-class score of 294, before moving back to the Western Province for the rest of his South African domestic career. County cricket with Northamptonshire
<mask> came to England along with two young other cricketers, Peter Kirsten and Garth Le Roux, in search of fame and a county contract and it was Northamptonshire who signed <mask> as a relatively unknown overseas player in 1978. <mask> ended the 1980 season with 1,797 runs and first place in the national batting averages with 66.55.He also took the Gold Award for his match-winning 72 in the Benson and Hedges Cup final against Essex. He was also a member of the 1992 NatWest Trophy winning team. In his final season as captain in 1995 he very nearly took Northamptonshire to their first County Championship with 12 wins in their final 17 matches. <mask> spent 18 seasons at the County Ground between 1978 and 1995, and scored more than 30,000 runs in 600 appearances for the club across first-class and limited overs cricket. In 2001, Northamptonshire honoured him by naming a room in the club's Indoor Centre 'The <mask> Room'. In a 2020 poll he was named Northamptonshire's greatest player of all time. Test Cricket
In 1970, South Africa were banned from international cricket indefinitely because of its government's policy of apartheid.The South-African born <mask> emigrated to England. Named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1981, <mask> made his test debut against India in 1982, and after having made his ODI debut a few days earlier. England vs India  1982
England hosted India for a 3 Test series. <mask> made his debut for the first Test at Lords. England won the match by 7 wickets and <mask> was not out when the winning runs were scored. He retained his place for the next two Tests, scoring his maiden Test century in the 3rd Test. England vs Pakistan 1982
<mask> played all three Tests of the series against Pakistan.England won the series 2-1 and would be their last series win against Pakistan for 18 years. <mask> scored 48 in 6 innings, beginning a low run of scores against them. Australia vs England 1982/83
<mask>'s first overseas International tour was the 1982/83 Ashes. He played all 5 Tests scoring 414 at 41. England vs New Zealand 1983
<mask> scored 392 in the 4 Tests, the second most in the series with an unbeaten century in the first and last Tests. New Zealand vs England 1983/84
In the return 3-match series, <mask> could only manage 82 runs in 4 innings. Pakistan vs England 1983/84
<mask>’s poor run of form continued as he scored 78 runs in 5 innings.England vs West Indies 1984
<mask>’s first encounter with the West Indies and he began his streak of good form against them. While England lost 5-0 the first and only time England had suffered a home defeat like this, he was their leading scorer with 386 runs including a series-high three centuries. England vs Sri Lanka 1984
Sri Lanka’s first Test match in England and <mask> scored a century in a drawn match. India vs England 1984/85
A Five Test tour of India that England won 2-1 after losing the first Test. <mask> scored 241 at 40 with a highest score of 67. <mask> bowled one over and captured his only Test wicket when he had Manoj Prabhakar lbw in the Third Test. England vs Australia 1985
<mask>’s first Ashes series at home and his first Ashes win.1-1 after four Tests, England ran over the top winning the final two Tests. <mask> scored 256 at 36 with a highest score of 67. West Indies vs England 1985/86
A 5 Test series against the West Indies resulted in another 5-0 defeat. <mask> was just one of 5 tourists to play all 5 Tests. He scored 224 at 22.4 with a highest score of 62. England vs India 1986
<mask> only played the first two Tests of the series scoring 65 at 16 as England lost the Test series 2-0. Australia vs England 1986/87
Despite England retaining the Ashes in Australia, it wasn’t the best of series for <mask> who could only manage 144 runs at 18.England vs West Indies 1988
Back in the side after a year’s absence, <mask> returned to face the might of the West Indies. It was a difficult summer for England using four Captains across the five Tests. <mask> was the second highest English run scorer with 254 at 42. He scored a century in the Second Test at Lords. Injured in the fourth Test, <mask> couldn’t play in the final match of the series. This would actually be the end of a West Indian period of domination stretching back as far as the 1960s and was the last West Indian series win in England. England vs Sri Lanka 1988
<mask> returned for the one-off Test against Sri Lanka and scored 63 in the win.England vs Australia 1989
Now 35, <mask> was very much an elder statesman of the team. In the opening Test at Headingley, <mask> scored his only Ashes century. Injured, he was unable to take any further part in the series. West Indies vs England 1989-90
This tour was a signature moments of <mask>’s career. He scored 132 in the opening Test, which England won by 9 wickets. This was the first win of <mask>’s career against the West Indies and the only time he was Man of the Match in a Test. It was England’s first Test Victory over the West Indies since 1974.The second Test was abandoned and the third was a draw. Chasing 151 to win, England could only manage 5/120 from 33 overs. <mask> was captain for the Fourth Test and scored 119 as England lost by 164 runs. He was also captain for the Fifth and final Test which the West Indies won by an innings and 32 runs. England vs New Zealand 1990
England hosted New Zealand for a Three Test series. <mask> played in all 3 Tests scoring 129 at 32.35

England vs India 1990
India then toured for 3 Tests and <mask> scored 2 centuries. With 364 at 60, he was the third highest English run scorer of the series.Australia vs England 1990/91
<mask> captained England for the First Test which England lost by 10 wickets. <mask> missed the next 2 Tests with injury but came back for the final 2 where his 91 in Perth was his highest Test score in Australia. In the final 2 Tests, Craig McDermott dismissed him all four times. England vs West Indies 1991
<mask>’s final Test series against the West Indies. Ironically <mask> would have his worst series against West Indies only averaging 12.57 with a high score of 29, but it was his best series team wise as England would draw the series 2-2. England won the opening Test by 115 runs, just the second win and one and only in England that <mask> would experience against the West Indies. <mask> was dropped for the Fifth Test which England won.New Zealand vs England 1991/92
Recalled for the Tour of New Zealand, this was <mask>’s final overseas tour. He began the series with 93 and finished it with 142 his highest Test score. <mask> was the leading run scorer of the series with 338 at 67.60. England vs Pakistan 1992
<mask>’s final Test series. Played with the wounds of England’s World Cup Final loss to Pakistan still fresh there was a lot of bad blood in the series. It was the end of an era with it for the Final Test series for stalwarts such as Ian Botham, David Gower and Derek Pringle. <mask>’s final Test was at Lord’s, a match England narrowly lost by 2 wickets.One Day International Cricket
<mask>’s style of play was well suited to the limited over game and he was a staple of the English side for 10 years. He still has the 10th most runs for England with 4010 runs. <mask> played in two World Cup finals and one semi final. On the 1986/87 Tour of Australia, <mask> was a member of the side that was the World Series Cup and America’s Cup Challenge. 18 run final over
Chasing 234 at the SCG, England needed 18 from the final over. Bruce Reid with figures of 9-3-26-1 was  to bowl the final over. At that stage <mask> was 59 from 97 balls and yet to hit a boundary.Batting with Phillip de Freitas, the first ball of the final over was hit for 2, although de Freitas would have been run out with a better throw. The second ball was hit for 4, <mask>’s first boundary of the innings. The third ball was hit for 6. The fourth ball was 2, but only after a bad throw resulted in an overthrow. The fifth ball was hit for 4 to seal a 3 wicket victory with one ball remaining. That over would be the subject of a cheeky banner used for the next match between the two sides which read "Can Bruce Reid please call <mask> on 24624". This is still the second most runs scored in the final over of an ODI match to win.1983 World Cup
<mask>’s first World Cup innings was a century against New Zealand at The Oval. England topped its group but were knocked out by eventual winners India in the semi-finals. 1987 World Cup
England began the tournament with a game against the West Indies. Chasing 244, England needed 91 from the last 10, 34 from the last 3 and then 14 from the final over. With a 2, 4, 4 wides, 1 no-ball and single and then a 1, England secured the two wicket victory with three balls spare. England finished second in its group and avenged its semi-final defeat from four years earlier with a 35 run victory over India to advance to the final. With an unbeaten 32 from 29, <mask> helped guide England to 254.The final was against Australia. Australia batting first let loose at the end of their innings scoring 65 from the final 6 overs - runs that would prove vital in a total of 5/253. Australia won by 7 runs with <mask> scoring 45 in the final. 1992 World Cup
In his third world cup, England were one of the strongest teams and <mask> couldn’t make his way into the XI during the first half of the tournament but played the final four games. England defeated South Africa in a controversial semi-final affected by rain - this was the only time <mask> played a match against his country of birth. He scored 31 in the final which England lost by 22 runs to Pakistan. <mask> only made his Test debut at 28 and would be a lynchpin of the English middle order for the next 10 years.<mask>’s record of 4656 runs at 36 with 14 centuries belies his ability and how good he was. He played in 79 tests of which England only won 21. They lost 32 and drew 26. In the 22 games <mask> was a member of the winning side, his average increased to 44. <mask> played 122 One Day internationals of which England won 122, lost 64, tied 1 with 2 abandoned. Of his 14 Test hundreds, 6 of them came against the West Indies in 22 matches. He only enjoyed 2 Test wins against the West Indies.<mask> relished the big stage and in the World Cup scored 656 runs at 50.46 - the 5th highest World Cup batting average for an English player. <mask> was a member of two successful Ashes campaigns (in 1985 and 1986–87), but did not score a century in either series. His sole Ashes century came at Headingley in 1989 in a match England lost in disappointing fashion. In 20 Ashes matches he scored 1138 runs at an average of over 34. He captained England in 3 Tests and lost them all, but he did score a century on debut as captain. Malcolm Marshall dismissed him the most on 13 occasions and Geoff Lawson was next most with 8

Lord’s was <mask>’s most prolific ground scoring 959 at 43.59 with 4 centuries. Post-retirement
Since retiring from all forms of cricket in 1995, <mask> has published his autobiography called Silence of the Lamb, which he released in 1996.He has also done a lot of television work including working on the British TV channels Sky Sports and Channel 5 as an analyst. He alongside Ian Botham, have teamed up with English Beef and Lamb Executive to create an advertising campaign for Quality Standard Beef and Lamb in which they use their names, 'Beefy' and '<mask>y' and cartoon characteristics as a selling point. He also starred in the instant classic 'What Rats Won't Do' a film which also starred Samantha Bond, Charles Dance and Harry Enfield. He was also a contestant on a special Cricketers Edition of The Weakest Link, where he was voted off in the second round. He created a sporting events and global travel company called Lamb Associates. References

External links

England One Day International cricketers
English cricketers of 1969 to 2000
England Test cricket captains
Free State cricketers
Northamptonshire cricket captains
Northamptonshire cricketers
Western Province cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
1954 births
Living people
South African people of English descent
South African people of British descent
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Alumni of Wynberg Boys' High School
English cricketers

masks:
Allan Joseph Lamb
Allan Lamb
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Allan Lamb
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Legacy Lamb
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title: Adabel Guerrero

texts:
<mask> (; born July 18, 1978), better known simply as <mask>, is an Argentine professional theater and burlesque dancer, actress, and supervedette, who has also dabbled as a model and as a singer in several television, magazine and theater appearances. <mask> has worked as a television co-hostess and panelist, and is currently a panelist on El Chimentero 3.0. <mask> has participated in multiple seasons of the Argentine version of Dancing with the Stars, Bailando por un Sueño, competing together with professional dancers Martín Whitecamp, Joel Ledesma, Reynaldo Ojeda and many others. She has also appeared on many spin-offs of the show. Career

Early
<mask> began her career in a dance school in the city of La Plata. At the time, and being a professor of classical dance, she became part of the play Ballet del Teatro Argentino. She then became a dancer for professional dancer Iñaki Urlezaga for seven years.When Pepe Cibrian saw her, he signed her in the musical comedy El Fantasma de Canterville, but <mask> was most flattered in theater magazines. <mask> worked alongside the likes of Ethel Rojo, el Negro Álvarez, Laura Fidalgo, and as the lead female dancer of Jorge Corona. Reina Reech discovered <mask> in casting for Miguel Ángel Cherutti and Carmen Barbieri's magazine "Irresistible", and she was called to be one of the figures of the show, where she showed her skills as a vedette, singing, and dancing. Theatre

Music

Modeling
In 2008 <mask> modeled for Maxim in Argentina for the March and July covers. She modeled again for Maxim in 2009 for its January cover. In July 2008 she modeled for Paparazzi alongside Valeria Archimó in an erotic photo shoot. In 2009 <mask> modeled as the Feyvi girl of that year, turning her into a sex symbol.In 2010 <mask> modeled for both Paparazzi in an erotic photo shoot and for Playboy for the March cover of the Argentine edition. In 2011 the dancer-actress again modeled for the Argentine celebrity-gossip magazine Paparazzi in three separate erotic photo shoots. In 2012 she modeled a sixth time for the same magazine in an exclusive bikini photo shoot. She modeled in July 2011 for the Argentine men's magazine "H"ombre in a highly erotic photo shoot. That same year, in November, <mask> created a portfolio of herself named "Dulce Rock" (Sweet Rock), with photos taken by Aníbal Pérez and clothing by Marta Trobbiani and Gisela Sabino. She also modeled for the magazine Caras in a tribute to 20th-century supervedette Nélida Roca. She has also modeled in tribute to Madonna.<mask> was the face of both the TOUT 2011 bikini and fitness collection and the Noelia Vardaro 2012 bikini collection. She was also the star model for Daniel Vega alongside Andréa Estévez (circa 2009). Since October 2014, <mask> has been the face of "Adrenalina" by Image Joyas. 2007–2012: Theatre and dance

Theatre
In 2007, she was called to perform in Barbieri and Cherruti's musical sequel Irresistible, Otra Historia de Humor, where she starred alongside Miguel Angel Cherutti, Carmen Barbieri, Rodrigo Rodríguez, Alacrán, Sabrina Ravelli and Valeria Archimaut under the artistic and creative direction of Reina Reech. The book was by Sergio Marcos and Martín Guerra, and the main producers and directors were Miguel Ángel Cherutti and Aldo Aresi. She starred as a vedette and dancer alongside Valeria Archimó and a great body of professional dancers including Sabrina Ravelli (Lead Dancer), Ariel Pastocchi, Pablo Lena, Agustín Maccagno, Cristian Ponce, Natalia Perea, Dominique Pestaña, Yamila Ramírez and Emilia Chaya. She also sang in the show.In 2008, she was called for Incomparable, the new proposal of Miguel Angel and Carmen Barbieri Cherutti, a show that starred Miguel Ángel Cherutti, Carmen Barbieri, Celina Rucci, Rodrigo Rodríguez, Diego Reinhold, <mask> <mask> and Vanina Escudero. During the 2008-2009 theater season, she formed part of the staff of Gerardo Sofovich in his magazine La Fiesta Está en el Lago (The party is in the Lake) where the show was led by Florencia De La V and followed by <mask> as outstanding vedette next to Valeria Archimó and Mónica Farro. The magazine also starred el Negro Álvarez. In 2009, <mask> starred in the comedy Doña Flor y sus Dos Maridos in Buenos Aires with Norma Pons. During the summer season of 2009–2010 in Mar del Plata she co-starred in the comedy Primera dama se busca with Nito Artaza, Fabian Gianola and María Eugenia Ritó. In March 2010, <mask> replaced Jésica Cirio as the first vedette of the music hall Carnaval de Etrellas, with Estela Raval, Raúl Lavié, Flavio Mendoza and many others. Excitante
She was the lead vedette of the theatre show Excitante composed of important personalities from the art.She was featured alongside Argentine acrobat-dancers Cinthia Fernández, Estefanía Bacca and Flavio Mendoza (also the head choreographer of the show), as well as model and dancer Jésica Cirio, model and lawyer Alejandra Maglietti and Uruguayan professional dancer-actress Virginia Dobrich. The magazine debuted on December 2 in the theatre of Mar del Plata. The producer was Daniel Comba and the show was led and presented by Miguel Angel Cherutti and Nito Artaza. Other cast members were Luciana Salazar, Estela Raval, Bicho Gómez and Campi. The musical has finished its fourth and last musical cycle. The show was formed by <mask> <mask>, Jésica Cirio, Cinthia Fernández, Alejandra Maglietti, Estefanía Bacca, Virginia Dobrich, Carmen Flores, Miguel Angel Cherutti, Nito Artaza, Marcos “Bicho” Gómez, Estela Raval, los 5 Latinos and Ádrian Kiss, the show's lead male dancer and acrobat. 2012–present: New ground projects

Music
On January 5, 2012, <mask> commented on the show 7 en 1 presented by Daniel Ambrosino and Cora de Barbieri that she was working on a singing career.On November 3, 2011 <mask> taped a video with the band Banda XXI of her dancing to their song "Bam Bam". In February 2013 she commented that she was still taking singing classes as well as theater, and was working on creating her band and tour:

"Singing is what gives me more pleasure, even more than dance. It's a dream to fulfill. For now I put it in the musical comedy, but someday I'd like to put together a band and tour." Cantando 2012
She participated in Cantando por un sueño 2012. She was partnered with Nicolas martinelli and is coached by Rodrigo Segura. <mask> and the show debuted on April 13, live on channel El Trece.She was eliminated in the eighth round by boxer La Mole Moli. Saved by the public: Fabio "La Mole" Moli (56,96%)
 Eliminated: <mask> <mask> (43,04%)
 During these rounds, all the couples sang in a duel. (Round 4)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 12 couples, and the other 3 went to the public vote. 2 couples were eliminated. (Round 5)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 11 couples, and the other 2 went to the public vote, ending with one of them being eliminated. (Round 6)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 10 couples, and the other 2 went to the public vote, ending with one of them being eliminated. Theatre 2012–present
On April 26, <mask> was asked by Beto César, ex-husband of Carmen Barbieri as well as one of her musical producers, if she would act in Barbieri's and Casán's new musical revue show, Escándalosas.She was not signed to perform. <mask> was the lead supervedette of the theater magazine, Hasta la Re-vista, Baby! alongside magician El Mago Zaul, actor-comedian Marcelo Barbosa, 1st vedette Maira Barrionuevo, 2nd vedette Brenda Ríos, Humor en 3D (a comedy trio), vedette China Moor, and a hugh cast of dancers, actors, acrobats, comedians and musicians. The revue debuted on October 25 in the city of Rosario. El diluvio que viene
In September 19, <mask> debuted as Consuelo (the lead role), in the re-adaptation of the Italian musical comedy, Aggiungi un posto a tavola (El diluvio que viene) in Avenue Corrientes, Buenos Aires at the Lola Membrives theatre. She starred alongside Juan Durán and Natalie Pérez with Pablo Nápoli, Juan Bautista Carreras, María Teresita del Río and Tamara Solange, María Fernanda Álvarez, Antonella Fucci, Melisa Fucci, Natalia Mouras, Manuela Núñez, Andrea Oyanto, Lucía Valenti, Santiago Almaraz, Rodrigo Cuello, Marcelo Durán, Ezeqiel Fernanz, Santiago Santacruz, Diego Respigo, Juan Quiroga, Jorge Cegretti and Mikhael Sánchez. The musical comedy was produced and directed by Laura Fidalgo, Juan Durán, Chino Carreras, Gabriel Giangrante, Martín Bianchedi, Rubén Cuello, Pepe Cibrián and Angel Maler, and was created by Pietro Garinei and Sandro Giovannini.Stravaganza
<mask>, after auditioning and long planning with Flavio Mendoza, was called to star in the second version of Stravaganza as its star leading supervedette. It was confirmed that the supervedette has accepted to lead the second cycle of the largest theatre musical of 2011 and 2012, Stravaganza. The musical is a mix of classical Argentine revue and Cirque du Soleil-like performances. It was mainly produced and directed by Mendoza, Ariel Diwan and Romina Propato, who was also the main choreographer. She led the show alongside Argentine Olympic gymnast Federico Molinari; theater producer, director, choreographer, acrobat, dancer and creator of the musicals, Flavio Mendoza; acrobat gymnast and acro-dancer Belén Pouchán; singers Luciano Bassi and Yanina Giunta; clown-acrobat Bruno Pedro; and comedy group Lo Lumvrise; among others, for a total of 49 artist on stage. The cirques revue's "Water in Art" (Facundo Mazzei, Cinthia Fernández, Noelia Pompa) version re-debuted on October 31, 2012 in Buenos Aires, and the "Estados del Tiempo" (Flavio Mendoza, <mask> <mask>, Federico Molinari) version was to debut on the 21st of December in Villa Carlos Paz, in the Luxor theatre. The musical was moved from the 21st to the 25th of December, because production was not done and Maximiliano Morales Bravo, a 19-year-old acrobat-dancer of the musical, was staved on the 21st (survived and was released from the hospital on December 25).It was planned to have a long lasting international tour, as the idea was

masks:
Adabel Anahí Guerrero Melachenko
Adabel Guerrero
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Adabel Guerrero
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Guerrero


title: Adabel Guerrero

texts:
 based in New York. The show's debut was the highest seen theater show debut of the season in Villa Carlos Paz, and gained highly positive comments from its viewers:

"Spectacular scenography. Really overcomes in all respects to all the shows I've seen in my life. The costumes, the cast all flawless. - Great, <mask> a genius, far the best of all. Also came last year (Stravaganza: Water in Art) and Flavio has really succeeded. - We always follow him, Flavio is amazing.The best artist that the villa has this summer. Last year was incredible and now it's just amazing. Do not miss it, great costumes, the scenery, everything spotless." As of January 14 of 2013, Stravaganza had sold the most tickets in Villa Carlos Paz, with over 14.100 sales, double the best-selling ticket in Mar del Plata. As of February, 2013, the music hall-cirques had passed sales of 100.000 tickets and was planning on performing until the end of March, later to debut in the Broadway theatre in mid-2013. On January 4, 2014, Stravaganza re-debuted in Teatro Broadway of Buenos Aires Province with <mask> <mask> leading the show, Belén Pouchán, Spanish dancer André Minkus replacing Flavio Mendoza, and Federico Molinari as the stars of the show along with more than 50 artists on stage. Stravaganza returned to the theater Luxor in Villa Carlos Paz on December 19, 2014 for the 2014-2015 summer theater season and was scheduled to act in Carlos Paz up to February 28, 2015.The show was then led by Florencia de la V, <mask> <mask>, Nicolás Scarpino, Christian Sancho, Belén Pouchán, Fernanda Mitilli and more than 50 other artists on stage. Señor <mask> is currently one of the star tango dancers of the classical Argentine tango show Señor Tango alongside its creator Fernando Soler and Uruguayan dancer, actress and model, Andrea Ghidone, since mid-2014. TV hosting
In 2012, <mask> was co-hosting as panelist on the resuming gossip show, La Previa Del Show, alongside lead host, Teto Medína. <mask> later returned to the cable with Medína to host a gossip show for 2013, El Chimentero 3.0. The next year she continued working as a panelist on the show. <mask> is currently on license from her job on the show since October 31 and may not return for 2015. Dance school
In a photoshoot interview for Ciudad.com, <mask> commented that she was "opening [a] dance school on March 15 in Castelar... [and] will give seminars and [has] another project but [she] will not say anything... "

Showmatch
<mask> has participated in two seasons of Bailando por un Sueño as an official contestant, and in two more as a replacement.She has also participated as an official contestant in El Musical de tus Sueños, an alternate version of Bailando. She did a replacement in 2007, in the first season of Patinando por un Sueño (the Argentine version of Skating with the Stars). She later participated in the second season as an official contestant. She also participated as a guest celebrity for a special trio round. Patinando por un Sueño 2007
<mask> replaced Natalia Fava during four rounds of the competition, skating with professional partner Gastón Passini. She also replaced Valeria Archimó in the thirteenth round, with professional partner Daniel Cejas. Patinando por un Sueño 2008
In 2008, and at the same time she was a contestant in Bailando por un Sueño 2008, Adabel participated in the second season of Patinando por un Sueño with professional figure skater Javier Anzil.She reached the top 8 (out of 19 contestants), later being eliminated a double elimination by receiving 27,58% of the public vote, losing to model Rocío Marengo and figure skater Andrés Ciacia, who received 54.40% of the votes. The other person eliminated was model and dancer Andrea Estévez, with 18.10% of the votes. Bailando por un Sueño 2008
In 2008, <mask> entered into the competition in the second round, replacing former porn star Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller, and danced with professional dance partner and model Joel Ledesma. <mask> was eliminated in the twenty-second round by receiving 43.60% of the vote, against the 57.40% obtained by Evangelina Anderson. <mask> got the opportunity to re-enter the competition in the twenty-fourth round, after dancing in a special edition and being picked by the judges. She was eliminated again in the thirty-second round, by receiving 14.20%, two rounds by the semi-final (sixth place). She was bested by Valeria Archimó, who reached the semi-finals (third place, tied with María Fernanda Callejón), yet she passed Mónica Farro by two rounds.El Musical de tus Sueños
In 2009, <mask> participated in El Musical de tus Sueños, an alternate Argentinian season of Bailando por un Sueño, as the replacement of Wanda Nara in the re-entry before the fourteenth round. <mask> was eliminated in 16th place with 46.37% of the public vote. Bailando 2010
In the sixth season of Bailando, she replaced Sofía Zámolo during the eighth round. Bailando 2011
<mask> participated in the seventh season of Bailando por un Sueño with professional dancer Martín Whitecamp. She reached the top 8 (out of 30 contestants), later being eliminated in the phone bin by receiving 41.28% of the public vote, losing to security guard Héctor "Tito" Speranza and professional dancer Nadia Hair. Bailando 2012
In the eight season, she replaced Valeria Archimó during the fifth round. From round 7, Valeria Archimó was permanently replaced by <mask> <mask> and amputee salsa dancer Reinaldo Ojeda.Yet in the 7th round she was replaced by actress-comedian Belén Francese because of some scheduling problems <mask> was having. As of round 10 there were only five judges, not six, as Antonio Gasalla quit. On October 30, <mask> and Ojeda were eliminated by receiving 40.12% of the public vote, losing to model Verónica Perdomo and dancer Pablo Juin. Saved by the public: Verónica Perdomo (59.88%)
 Eliminated: <mask> <mask> and Reinaldo Ojeda (40.12%)

Bailando 2014
On September 12 <mask> made a special participation on the ninth season of ShowMatchs Bailando por un Sueño as a third dance partner for dancer-choreographer Mora Godoy and dancer Marcos Ayala. Inspirations

When asked about her inspiration on dancing, <mask> responded:

"Julio Bocca, Maximiliano Guerra, Hernán Piquín... They are the highest in Argentina, each with their own style. Maxi, more manly, more land, and Julio and Piquín more princely, more aerial.There is no first or second, they are different from each other.They have broken their souls to get to where they are now." <mask> as her biggest inspiration as a vedette while she was also making a tribute to her:

"I am not at the height of Nélida, but I wish to be so one day. She is my inspiration and this is a tribute from my desire to ever achieve that excellence." Background and personal life
She is of Ukrainian (Rusyn), Spanish (Aragonese) and some Italian descent.After <mask> and her brother Emiliano Cid <mask> (born July 18, 1975) were born, her parents moved from La Plata to the United States. When <mask> was just two years old, they separated. Her father continued his life in the USA while she returned to Buenos Aires with her mother and brother Emiliano. Her brother later moved to Mar del Plata and left her and her mother alone. After a difficult illness, <mask>'s mother died three days before <mask>'s birthday, leaving her alone in Buenos Aires. In 2009 <mask>'s father died, which got her to see the world in a more spiritual way. <mask> has said that her mother taught her yoga and reading at age 13 years, and at age of 7 her mother took her to her first dance lessons because she was always playing street football.<mask> studied psychology as an alternative career future, which was never finalized. She has commented that she will finish her studies when possible. She confirmed on February 15, 2014 that she was finishing her studies in psychology. In 2011 her brother Emiliano started attacking her in the media, talking about her "very dark" past and saying that people didn't know the real <mask> <mask>. He has many medical conditions and has been in and out of prison and rehab. On 5 March 2014 <mask> expressed to Caras her desire to have a child, preferring a girl. She also commented about her hobbies and preferences, making a family and relaxing at home, decorating her house, staying by the pool and enjoying nature with her husband.As of 2018, <mask> was living in Buenos Aires, Argentina with spouse Martín Lamela, and was pregnant with her first child, which was due in the spring of 2018. She is the step-mother of Lamela's two sons. Public image

<mask> was voted as the best vedette of 2012, competing against 17 others like Jésica Cirio, Claudia Albertario, Andrea Ghidone, Mónica González de Listorti, Valeria Archimó and Mónica Farro, receiving 25.00% of the public vote (2,611 votes, out of a total of 10,393). She was again awarded as the best vedette for 2013, with 33.33% of the public vote (3,666 votes, out of a total of 11,000), competing against 12 other vedettes: Vanesa Carbone, Soledad Cescato, Cinthia Fernández, Rocío Guirao Díaz, Andrea Ghidone, Lorena Liggi, Celeste Muriega, Noelia Pompa, Andrea Rincón, Stefanía Xipolitakis and Victoria Xipolitakis. Awards

See also
 List of prima ballerinas
 List of glamour models

References

Sources

External links

 Official website
  El Trece's Showmatch website

1978 births
Living people
People from La Plata
Argentine people of Ukrainian descent
Argentine people of Spanish descent
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine people of Rusyn descent
Participants in Argentine reality television series
Argentine female dancers
Argentine choreographers
Dance teachers
Argentine ballerinas
Prima ballerinas
Dance musicians
Argentine erotic dancers
Argentine female models
21st-century Argentine actresses
Argentine stage actresses
21st-century Argentine women singers
Cabaret singers
English-language singers from Argentina
Burlesque performers
Argentine vedettes
Argentine musical theatre actresses
Argentine musical theatre female dancers
Argentine musical theatre women singers
Argentine theatrical dancer-actresses
21st-century Argentine

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Guerrero
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Guerrero Melachenko
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title: John Christie (serial killer)

texts:
<mask> (8 April 1899 – 15 July 1953), known to his family and friends as <mask>, was an English serial killer and alleged necrophile active during the 1940s and early 1950s. He murdered at least eight people—including his wife, Ethel—by strangling them in his flat at 10 Rillington Place, Notting Hill, London. The bodies of three of <mask>'s victims were found in a wallpaper-covered kitchen alcove soon after <mask> moved out of Rillington Place during March 1953. The remains of two more victims were discovered in the garden, and his wife's body was found beneath the floorboards of the front room. <mask> was arrested and convicted of his wife's murder, for which he was sentenced to death and subsequently executed. Two of <mask>'s victims were Beryl Evans and her baby daughter Geraldine, who, along with Beryl's husband, Timothy Evans, were tenants at 10 Rillington Place during 1948–49. This case sparked huge controversy after Evans was charged with both murders, found guilty of the murder of his daughter, and hanged in 1950.<mask> was a major prosecution witness; when his own crimes were discovered three years later, serious doubts were raised about the integrity of Evans's conviction. <mask> himself subsequently admitted killing Beryl, but not Geraldine; it is now generally accepted that <mask> murdered both Beryl and Geraldine and that police mishandling of the original inquiry allowed <mask> to escape detection and enabled him to murder four more women. The High Court quashed Evans's conviction in 2004, accepting that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child. Early life
<mask> was born in Northowram near Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the sixth in a family of seven children. He had a troubled relationship with his father, carpet designer <mask> <mask>, an austere and uncommunicative man who displayed little emotion towards his children and would punish them for trivial offences. <mask> was also alternately coddled and bullied by his mother and older sisters. During his later life, <mask>'s childhood peers described him as "a queer lad" who "kept himself to himself" and "was not very popular".On 24 March 1911, his grandfather David Halliday died aged 75 in <mask>'s house after a long illness. <mask> later said that seeing his grandfather's body laid out on a trestle table gave him a feeling of power and well-being; a man he had once feared was now only a corpse. At the age of 11, <mask> won a scholarship to Halifax Secondary School, where his favourite subject was mathematics, particularly algebra. He was also good at history and woodwork. It was later found that <mask> had an IQ of 128. He sang in the church choir and was a Boy Scout. <mask> also attended Boothtown Council School (also known as Boothtown Board School) in Northowram.After leaving school on 22 April 1913, he entered employment as an assistant projectionist. <mask>'s problem with impotence began in adolescence; his first attempts at sex were failures, and he was branded "Reggie-No-Dick" and "Can't-Do-It-Christie" throughout adolescence. His sexual difficulties were life-long; most of the time he could only perform with prostitutes. (A post-mortem report found that <mask>'s genitals were physically normal.) In September 1916, during the First World War, <mask> enlisted in the British Army; he was called up on 12 April 1917 to join the 52nd Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment to serve as an infantryman. In April 1918, the regiment was despatched to France, where <mask> was seconded to the Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment as a signalman. During the following June, he was injured in a mustard gas attack and spent a month in a military hospital in Calais.<mask> claimed this attack left him permanently unable to speak loudly. Later in life, he also claimed the attack had rendered him blind and mute for three and a half years. His period of muteness was, he claimed, the reason for his inability to talk much louder than a whisper for the rest of his life. Ludovic Kennedy wrote that no record of <mask>'s blindness has been traced and that, while he may have lost his voice when he was admitted to hospital, he would not have been discharged as fit for duty had he remained a mute. His inability to talk loudly, Kennedy argued, was a psychological reaction to the gassing rather than a lasting toxic effect of the gas. The reaction, and <mask>'s exaggeration of the effects of the attack, stemmed from an underlying personality disorder that caused him to exaggerate or feign illness as a ploy to get attention and sympathy. <mask> was demobilised from the army on 22 October 1919.He joined the Royal Air Force on 13 December 1923, but was discharged on 15 August 1924. Marriage
<mask> married Ethel Simpson, also from Halifax, at the town's Register Office on 10 May 1920. His impotence remained, and he continued to visit prostitutes. Early in the marriage, Ethel suffered a miscarriage. They separated after four years of marriage. Ethel worked at the "Garside Engineering Co" on Ironbridge Road in Bradford, and later worked at the "English Electrical Co" on Thornton Road in Bradford until 1928. That year, Ethel and her siblings moved from Halifax and Bradford to Sheffield.In 1923, <mask> moved to London; he spent the next decade in and out of prison, while Ethel remained in Halifax, Bradford, and Sheffield with her relatives. He was released from prison in January 1934, when the couple reunited and moved to Rillington Place. Early criminal activity
During the first decade of his marriage to Ethel, <mask> was convicted of several criminal offences. He began working as a postman on 10 January 1921 in Halifax, and his first conviction was for stealing postal orders on 20 February and 26 March, for which he received three months' imprisonment on 12 April 1921. He served his sentence in HM Prison Manchester and was released on 27 June. <mask> was then convicted on 15 January 1923 of obtaining money on false pretences and of violent conduct, for which, respectively, he was bound over and placed on probation for 12 months. He committed two further crimes of larceny during 1924, and received consecutive sentences of three and six months' imprisonment on 22 September 1924 in HM Prison Wandsworth.On 13 May 1929, after working for over two years as a lorry driver, <mask> was convicted of assaulting Maud Cole, with whom he was living at  6 Almeric Road in Battersea, and was sentenced to six months' hard labour; He had hit Cole over the head with a cricket bat, which the magistrate described as a "murderous attack" for which he was again sent to HM Prison Wandsworth. Finally, <mask> was convicted of stealing a car and was re-imprisoned in HM Prison Wandsworth for three months on 1 November 1933. <mask> and Ethel were reconciled in 1934 after he was released from prison, but continued to visit prostitutes. He ended his recourse to petty crime. In 1937, <mask> and his wife moved into the top-floor flat of 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill, then a rather run-down area of London. They moved into the ground-floor flat in December 1938. The house was a three-storey brick end-terrace, built in the 1870s during a period of intensive speculative building in the area  resulting in much jerry-built property which declined into poorly-maintained and unimproved multi-occupancy rentals.Number 10 was of a common design: the ground and first floors each contained a bedroom and living room, with a kitchen/scullery in the adjacent extension but the second-floor flat had two rooms only: a kitchen/living room and a bedroom. Living conditions were "squalid"—the building's occupants shared one outside lavatory, and none of the flats had a bathroom. The street was close to an above-ground section of the Metropolitan line (now the Hammersmith & City and Circle lines), and the train noise would have been "deafening" for the occupants of 10 Rillington Place. After three years of working as a foreman at the Commodore Cinema in King Street, Hammersmith, at the beginning of the Second World War <mask> applied to join the War Reserve Police and was accepted; the authorities failed to check for the existence of a criminal record. He was assigned to the Harrow Road police station, where he met a woman called Gladys Jones with whom he began an affair. Their relationship lasted until mid-1943, when the woman's husband, a serving soldier, returned from the war. After learning of the affair, he went to the house where his wife was living, discovered <mask> there, and assaulted him.Murders
<mask> committed his murders over a 10-year period between 1943 and 1953, usually by strangling his victims after he had rendered them unconscious with domestic gas; some he raped as they lay unconscious. First murders
The first person <mask> admitted to killing was Ruth Fuerst, a 21-year-old Austrian munitions worker who supplemented her income by occasionally engaging in prostitution. <mask> claimed to have met Fuerst while she was soliciting clients in a snack bar in Ladbroke Grove. According to his own statements, on 24 August 1943, he invited Fuerst to his home to engage in sex (his wife was visiting relatives at the time). Afterward, <mask> impulsively strangled her on his bed with a length of rope. He initially stowed Fuerst's body beneath the floorboards of his living room, then buried it in the back garden the following evening. Soon after the murder, at the end of 1943, <mask> resigned as a special police constable.The following year he found new employment as a clerk at an Acton radio factory. There he met his second victim, colleague Muriel Amelia Eady. On 7 October 1944, he invited Eady back to his flat with the promise that he had concocted a "special mixture" that could cure her bronchitis. Eady was to inhale the mixture from a jar with a tube inserted in the top. The mixture in fact was Friar's Balsam, which <mask> used to disguise the smell of domestic gas. Once Eady was seated breathing the mixture from the tube with her back turned, <mask> inserted a second tube into the jar connected to a gas tap. As Eady continued breathing she inhaled the domestic gas, which soon rendered her unconscious—domestic gas during the 1940s was coal gas, which had a carbon monoxide content of 15%.<mask> raped and strangled her before burying her alongside Fuerst. Murders of Beryl and Geraldine Evans
During Easter of 1948, Timothy Evans and his wife Beryl moved into the top-floor flat at Rillington Place, where Beryl gave birth that October to their daughter, Geraldine. In late 1949, Evans informed police that his wife was dead. A police search of 10 Rillington Place failed to find her body, but a later search revealed the bodies of Beryl, Geraldine, and a 16-week male foetus in an outdoor wash-house. Beryl's body had been wrapped twice, in a blanket and then a table cloth. The post-mortem revealed that both mother and daughter had been strangled and that Beryl had been physically assaulted before her death, shown by facial bruising. Evans at first claimed that <mask> had killed his wife in a botched abortion operation, but police questioning eventually produced a confession.The alleged confession may have been fabricated by the police, as the statement appears contrived and artificial. After being charged, Evans withdrew his confession and once again accused <mask>, this time of both murders. On 11 January 1950, Evans was put on trial for the murder of his daughter, the prosecution having decided not to pursue a second charge of murdering his wife. <mask> was a principal witness for the Crown: he denied Evans's accusations and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between him and his wife. The jury found Evans guilty despite the revelation of <mask>'s criminal record of theft and violence. Evans was originally due to be hanged on 31 January, but appealed. After his appeal on 20 February had failed, Evans was hanged at HM Prison Pentonville on 9 March 1950.<mask> had started work at the Post Office Savings Bank on 21 May 1946 as a Grade 2 Clerk and worked at Kew. He was sacked when his past criminal record came to light, leaving on 4 April 1950.Oates p.93

Mistakes in the investigation
The police made several mistakes in their handling of the case, especially in overlooking the remains of <mask>'s previous murder victims in the garden at Rillington Place; one femur was later found propping up a fence. The garden of the property was very small, about , and the fence was parallel to the wash-house where the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine were later found. Several searches were made at the house after Evans confessed to placing his wife's remains in the drains, but the three policemen conducting the search did not go into the wash-house. The garden was apparently examined but was not excavated at this point. <mask> later admitted that his dog had unearthed Eady's skull in the garden shortly after these police searches; he threw the skull into an abandoned bombed-out house in nearby St. Marks Road. There was clearly no systematic search made of the crime scene, in which this or other human remains would have been found and pointed to <mask> as the perpetrator.Several police searches of the property showed a complete lack of expertise in handling forensic evidence and were quite superficial at best. Had the searches been conducted effectively, the investigation would have exposed <mask> as a murderer, and the lives of Evans and four women would have been saved. The evidence of builders working at the house was ignored, and their various interviews with Evans suggest that the police concocted a false confession. It should have been clear, for example, from the very first statement made by Evans in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, on 30 November 1949, that he was totally unaware of the resting place of the body of his wife or how she had been killed. He claimed that his wife's body was in either a manhole or a drain at the front of the house, but a police search failed to find any remains there. That should have prompted a thorough search of the house, wash-house and garden, but no further action was taken until later, when the two bodies were found in the wash-house. Evans was also totally unaware at his first interview that his daughter had been killed.The police interrogation in London was mishandled from the start, when they showed him the clothes of his wife and baby and revealed that they had been found in the wash-house. Such information should have been kept from him so as to force him to tell police where the bodies had been concealed. The several apparent "confessions" contain questionable words and phrases in high-register language such as "terrific argument" which seem out of place for a distressed, uneducated, working-class young man such as Evans and bear no relation to what he probably said. These were almost certainly inventions made much later by the police, according to comments made by Ludovic Kennedy long after the truth about <mask> had emerged. The police accepted all of <mask>'s statements as factual without major scrutiny, and he was the crucial witness at the trial of Evans. As Kennedy wrote, the police accepted the former war reserve policeman <mask> as one of their own, and largely took what he said on face value without any further investigation. Bearing in mind <mask> had criminal convictions for theft and malicious wounding (while Evans did not have any previous convictions for violence), the reliance on his testimony was questionable.It is significant that <mask> had claimed to be an abortionist prior to his meeting the Evanses, having said so to a colleague in 1947. He also repeated this claim after the Evans trial to women he spoke to in cafés, whom he possibly regarded as future potential victims. Such an approach aligns with <mask>'s modus operandi of offering help to women so as to gain their confidence and lure them back to his flat, as demonstrated in Eady's case. Nearly three years passed without major incident for <mask> after Evans's trial. He soon found alternative employment as a clerk with the British Road Services at their Shepherd's Bush depot starting work there on 12 June 1950.Oates, p. 93 At the same time, new tenants arrived to fill the vacant first- and second-floor rooms at 10 Rillington Place. The tenants were predominantly black immigrants from the West Indies; this

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title: John Christie (serial killer)

texts:
 horrified <mask> and his wife, who both held racist attitudes towards their neighbours and disliked living with them. Tensions between the new tenants and the <mask>s came to a head when Ethel prosecuted one of her neighbours for assault.<mask> successfully negotiated with the Poor Man's Lawyer Centre to continue to have exclusive use of the back garden, ostensibly to have space between him and his neighbours, but quite possibly to prevent anyone from uncovering the human remains buried there. Murder of <mask>
On the morning of 14 December 1952, <mask> strangled Ethel in bed. She had last been seen in public two days earlier. <mask> invented several stories to explain his wife's disappearance and to help mitigate the possibility of further inquiries being made. In reply to a letter from relatives in Sheffield, he wrote that Ethel had rheumatism and could not write herself; to one neighbour, he explained that she was visiting her relatives in Sheffield; to another, he said that she had gone to Birmingham. <mask> had resigned from his job on 6 December and had been unemployed since then. To support himself, he sold Ethel's wedding ring and watch on 17 December for £2 10s.and furniture on 8 January 1953 for which he received £11. <mask> kept cutlery, two chairs, a mattress, and his kitchen table. From 23 January to 20 March, <mask> received his weekly unemployment benefit of £3 12s. On 26 January 1953, he forged his wife's signature and emptied her bank account. On 27 February 1953, <mask> sold some of his wife's clothing for £3 5s. He also received a cheque for £8 on 7 March from the Bradford Clothing and Supply Company. Further murders
Between 19 January and 6 March 1953, <mask> murdered three more women he invited back to 10 Rillington Place: Kathleen Maloney, Rita Nelson and Hectorina MacLennan.Maloney was a prostitute from the Ladbroke Grove area. Nelson was from Belfast and was visiting her sister in Ladbroke Grove when she met <mask>; she was six months pregnant at the time of her murder. <mask> first met MacLennan, who was living in London with her boyfriend, Alex Baker, in a café. All three met on several occasions after this, and <mask> let MacLennan and Baker stay at Rillington Place while they were looking for accommodation. On another occasion, <mask> met MacLennan on her own and persuaded her to come back to his flat, where he murdered her. Later, he convinced Baker, who came to Rillington Place looking for MacLennan, that he had not seen her. <mask> kept up the pretence for several days, meeting Baker regularly to see if he had news of her whereabouts and to help him search for her.For the murders of his final three victims, <mask> modified the gassing technique he had first used on Eady; he used a rubber tube connected to the gas pipe in the kitchen which he kept closed off with a bulldog clip. He seated his victims in the kitchen, released the clip on the tube, and let gas leak into the room. The Brabin Report pointed out that <mask>'s explanation of his gassing technique was not satisfactory because he would have been overpowered by the gas as well. Nevertheless, it was established that all three victims had been exposed to carbon monoxide. The gas made his victims drowsy, after which <mask> strangled them with a length of rope. As with Eady, <mask> repeatedly raped his last three victims while they were unconscious and continued to do so as they died. When this aspect of his crimes was publicly revealed, <mask> quickly gained a reputation for being a necrophiliac.One commentator has cautioned against categorising <mask> as such; according to the accounts <mask> gave to the police, he did not engage sexually with any of his victims exclusively after death. After <mask> had murdered each of his final victims by ligature strangulation, he placed a vest or other cloth-like material between their legs before wrapping their semi-naked bodies in blankets (in a similar manner to the way in which Beryl's body had been wrapped), before stowing their bodies in a small alcove behind the back kitchen wall. He later covered the entrance to this alcove with wallpaper. Arrest
<mask> moved out of 10 Rillington Place on 20 March 1953, after fraudulently sub-letting his flat to a couple from whom he took £7 13s 0d (£7.65 or about £ as of ). The landlord visited that same evening and, finding the couple there instead of <mask>, demanded that they leave first thing the next morning. The landlord then allowed the tenant of the top-floor flat, Beresford Brown, to use <mask>'s kitchen. On 24 March, Brown discovered the kitchen alcove when he attempted to insert brackets into the wall to hold a wireless set.Peeling back the wallpaper, Brown saw the bodies of Maloney, Nelson and MacLennan. After getting confirmation from another tenant in 10 Rillington Place that they were dead bodies, Brown informed the police and a citywide search for <mask> began. After he left Rillington Place, <mask> went to a Rowton House in King's Cross, where he booked a room for seven nights under his real name and address. He stayed for only four nights, leaving on 24 March when news of the discovery at his flat broke after which he wandered around London, slept rough, and spent much of the daytime in cafés and cinemas. On 28 March, he pawned his watch in Battersea for 10 shillings. On the morning of 31 March, <mask> was arrested on the embankment near Putney Bridge after being challenged about his identity by a police officer. When the police searched <mask>, they discovered an old newspaper clipping about the remand of Timothy Evans among the personal items on him.Conviction and execution
<mask> was placed under arrest and at first only admitted to the murders of the women in the alcove and his wife during police questioning. When informed about the skeletons buried in the back garden, <mask> admitted responsibility for their deaths as well. On 27 April 1953, he confessed to the murder of Beryl Evans, which Timothy Evans had originally been charged with during the police investigation in 1949, although for the most part he denied killing Geraldine. However, on one occasion following his trial, <mask> indicated that he may have been responsible for her death as well, having said so to a hospital orderly. It is speculated that <mask> would not have wanted to readily admit his guilt in Geraldine's death in order not to alienate the jury from his desire to be found not guilty by reason of insanity and for his own safety from his fellow inmates. On 5 June 1953, <mask> confessed to the murders of Muriel Eady and Ruth Fuerst, which helped the police identify their skeletons. <mask> was tried only for the murder of his wife Ethel.His trial began on 22 June 1953, in the same court in which Evans had been tried three years earlier. <mask> pleaded insanity, with his defence describing him as "mad as a March hare", and claimed to have a poor memory of the events. Dr. Matheson, a doctor at HM Prison Brixton who evaluated <mask>, was called as a witness by the prosecution. He testified, using medical terminology of the time, that <mask> had a "hysterical personality" but was not insane. The jury rejected <mask>'s plea, and after deliberating for 85 minutes found him guilty. On 29 June 1953, <mask> announced that he would not be making an appeal against his conviction. On 2 July, Evans's mother wrote to <mask> asking him to "confess all".On 8 July 1953, his MP George Rogers interviewed <mask> for 45 minutes about the murders. Five days later Home Secretary David Maxwell Fyfe said that he could not find any grounds for <mask> to be reprieved. <mask>'s final visitors whilst in the condemned cell were an ex-army friend Dennis Hague on 13 July <mask>'s sister Phyllis Clarke visited and talked to <mask> on the afternoon before his execution and that evening the prison governor spoke to him. George Rogers also wanted to speak to <mask> a second time on the night before his execution but <mask> refused to meet him again. <mask> was hanged at 9am on 15 July 1953 at HM Prison Pentonville. His executioner was Albert Pierrepoint, who had previously hanged Evans. After being pinioned for execution, <mask> complained that his nose itched.Pierrepoint assured him that, "It won't bother you for long". After the execution, <mask>'s body was buried within the precincts of the prison, as was standard practice for executed prisoners in the United Kingdom. Known victims
 Ruth Fuerst, 21 (24 August 1943)
 Muriel Eady, 31 (7 October 1944)
 Beryl Evans, 20 (8 November 1949)
 Geraldine Evans, 13 months (8 November 1949)
 <mask>, 54 (14 December 1952).Oates p.104
 Rita Nelson, 25 (19 January 1953)
 Kathleen Maloney, 26 (February 1953)
 Hectorina MacLennan, 26 (6 March 1953)

Other murders
Based on the pubic hair that <mask> collected, it has been speculated that he was responsible for more murders than those carried out at 10 Rillington Place. <mask> claimed that the four different clumps of hair in his collection came from his wife and the three bodies discovered in the kitchen alcove, but only one matched the hair type on those bodies, <mask>'s. Even if two of the others had come from the bodies of Fuerst and Eady, which had by then decomposed into skeletons, there was still one remaining clump of hair unaccounted for—it could not have come from Beryl Evans, as no pubic hair had been removed from her body. Writing in 1978, Professor Keith Simpson, one of the pathologists involved in the forensic examination of <mask>'s victims, had this to say about the pubic hair collection:

No attempts were or have been made to trace any further victims of <mask>, such as examining records of missing women in London during his period of activity. Michael Eddowes suggested that <mask> had been in a perfect position, as a special police constable during the war, to have committed many more murders than have been discovered.On the other hand, historian Jonathan Oates considers it unlikely <mask> had any further victims, arguing he would not have deviated from his standard method of killing in his place of residence. Innocence of Timothy Evans

Following <mask>'s conviction, there was substantial controversy concerning the earlier trial of Timothy Evans, who had been convicted mainly on the evidence of <mask>, who lived in the same property in which Evans had allegedly carried out his crimes. <mask> confessed to Beryl's murder and although he neither confessed to, nor was charged with, Geraldine's murder, he was widely considered guilty of both murders at the time. This, in turn, cast doubt on the fairness of Evans's trial and raised the possibility that an innocent person had been hanged. The controversy prompted the then Home Secretary, David Maxwell-Fyfe, to commission an inquiry led by <mask> Henderson QC, the Recorder of Portsmouth, to determine whether Evans had been innocent and a miscarriage of justice had occurred. Henderson interviewed <mask> before his execution, as well as another 20 witnesses who had been involved in either of the police investigations. He concluded that Evans was in fact guilty of both murders and that <mask>'s confessions to the murder of Beryl were unreliable and made in the context of furthering his own defence that he was insane.Far from ending the matter, questions continued to be raised in Parliament concerning Evans's innocence, parallel with newspaper campaigns and books being published making similar claims. The Henderson Inquiry was criticised for being held over too short a time period (one week) and for being prejudiced against the possibility that Evans was innocent. This controversy, along with the coincidence that two stranglers would have been living in the same property at the same time if Evans and <mask> had both been guilty, kept alive the issue that a miscarriage of justice had occurred in Evans's trial. This uncertainty led to a second inquiry, chaired by High Court judge, Sir Daniel Brabin, which was conducted over the winter of 1965–1966. Brabin re-examined much of the evidence from both cases and evaluated some of the arguments for Evans's innocence. His conclusions were that it was "more probable than not" that Evans had killed his wife but not his daughter Geraldine, for whose death <mask> was responsible. <mask>'s likely motive was that her continued presence would have drawn attention to Beryl's disappearance, which <mask> would have been averse to as it increased the risk that his own murders would be discovered.Brabin also noted that the uncertainty involved in the case would have prevented a jury from being satisfied beyond reasonable doubt of Evans's guilt had he been re-tried. These conclusions were used by the Home Secretary, Roy Jenkins, to recommend a posthumous pardon for Evans, which was granted, as he had been tried and executed for the murder of his daughter. Jenkins announced the granting of Evans's pardon to the House of Commons on 18 October 1966. Evans's remains were subsequently exhumed and returned to his family, who arranged for him to be reburied in a private grave. There was already debate in the United Kingdom over the continued use of the death penalty. Evans's execution and other controversial cases contributed to the 1965 suspension, and subsequent abolition, of capital punishment in the United Kingdom for murder. In January 2003, the Home Office awarded Evans's half-sister, Mary Westlake, and his sister, Eileen Ashby, ex-gratia payments as compensation for the miscarriage of justice in his trial.The independent assessor for the Home Office, Lord Brennan QC, accepted that "the conviction and execution of Timothy Evans for the murder of his child was wrongful and a miscarriage of justice" and that "there is no evidence to implicate Timothy Evans in the murder of his wife. She was most probably murdered by <mask>." Lord Brennan believed that the Brabin Report's conclusion that Evans probably murdered his wife should be rejected given <mask>'s confessions and conviction. Media
 In September 1969, the play <mask> in Love by Howard Brenton premiered. The play relates <mask>'s murders and psychological abnormality to violence and sadistic personality disorder in society as a whole. It has been revived several times. <mask>'s murders were dramatised in the film 10 Rillington Place (1971), in which he was portrayed by Richard Attenborough, who spoke of his ambivalence concerning the role: "I do not like playing the part, but I accepted it at once without seeing the script.I have never felt so totally involved in any part as this. It is a most devastating statement on capital punishment." A three-part BBC biographical crime drama focused on the <mask> murders. This series, Rillington Place, was broadcast between November and December 2016 with Tim Roth as <mask>, Samantha Morton as Ethel and Jodie Comer as Beryl Evans. Australian artist Brett Whiteley produced a series of paintings based on the <mask> murders while living in London in the 1960s. Bibliography

See also
List of miscarriage of justice cases
List of serial killers by country
Murder in English law

References

Further reading

External links
List of documents relating to <mask> and Evans held in the National Archives
Bartle Road/Rillington Place location in Ladbroke Grove (Google)
National Archives of Australia – The Sydney Morning Herald Page – 1 – News Headline – Thursday 23 April 1953
The Murders, Myths and Reality of 10 Rillington Place

1899 births
1953 deaths
20th-century executions of British people
20th-century executions by England and Wales
British Army personnel of World War I
British people convicted of theft
British police officers convicted of murder
Duke of Wellington's Regiment soldiers
English people convicted of assault
English people convicted of murder
English rapists
English serial killers
Executed people from West Yorkshire
Executed British serial killers
People involved with mental health
Male serial killers
War Reserve officers of the Metropolitan Police
1943 in London
Murder in London
Necrophiles
People convicted of murder by England and Wales
People from Halifax, West Yorkshire
Serial killers who worked in law enforcement
Sherwood Foresters soldiers
Uxoricides
Criminals from Yorkshire
1943 murders in Europe
1940s murders in the United Kingdom
1943 crimes in the United Kingdom
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Military personnel from

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title: Callum Macrae

texts:
<mask> is a Scottish  filmmaker, writer and journalist currently with Outsider Television, which he had co-founded with Alex Sutherland in 1993. An Emmy, BAFTA and Grierson nominee, he has been making films for 20 years in the UK and around the world, including Iraq,
Sri Lanka, Japan, Haiti and several in Africa, covering wars and conflicts in Côte d'Ivoire, Uganda, Mali, and Sudan. Biography
<mask> grew up in Nigeria and Scotland. He studied painting at Edinburgh College of Art for five years, was a dustman for two years, ran a pirate radio station for six months and was a teacher for seven years. He was a member of the Official Edinburgh Festival's governing Council and President of Edinburgh and District Trades Council. Writing
For two years he produced a weekly satirical cartoon strip for the Times Educational Supplement. He then became a full-time writer working initially for a variety of newspapers and magazines including The Scotsman, The Herald and The Guardian.He joined The Observer as Scottish correspondent, where he stayed for three years winning the Campaigning Journalist of the Year award in 1992. Filmmaker
In 1992, he moved into television, presenting and reporting on Channel 4's weekly magazine programs Hard News, and investigative legal series The Brief. With Alex Sutherland, he co-founded Outsider Television in 1993. For six years he was an on-screen reporter on Channel 4 Dispatches before becoming a director. Films he reported included the award-winning documentary Secrets of the Gaul, which first revealed the whereabouts of the missing trawler Gaul lost with 38 men on board amid accusations that it had been used for spying. The first film he directed was an observational documentary about the famous London toyshop Hamleys, which won the Howard Wincott Award for best film of the year 2000. His films include three major investigations into allegations of coalition crimes in Iraq.He has made many films for the BBC, Channel 4, ITV, Al Jazeera English and PBS. His first television documentary on Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka's Killing Fields, won the Current Affairs - International category of the Royal Television Society's Television Journalism Awards 2010–11, won two One World Media Awards and earned a BAFTA TV Award nomination. [3][4]

His most recent project is the feature documentary, No Fire Zone: The Killing Fields of Sri Lanka, which has won several awards, including The Audience Awards at the Nuremberg Film Festival and Watch Docs in Poland, as well as the Human Rights award at the Festival des Liberties in Brussels. He and his team were also nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012. His other recent television work includes an exposé of Khartoum's war on the Nuba people of South Kordofan for Al Jazeera. He has won a large number of awards, including two Royal Television Society awards, two One World awards,  an Indie award, an Amnesty award and in the US the Columbia DuPont Broadcast journalism award for his work in Japan after the tsunami and a Peabody Award for his work on Sri Lanka. In 2012, he was presented with a Scottish Bafta Special Achievement Award.In 2010 and 2011, he was named by Broadcast magazine as one of the top three television directors across all genres in the UK. ]. Sri Lanka's Killing Fields won the Current Affairs - International category of the Royal Television Society's Television Journalism Awards 2010/2011, won two One World Media Awards and earned a BAFTA TV Award nomination. In August 2018 his documentary film was released, The Ballymurphy Incident, about the Ballymurphy massacre, a shooting by the British Army in Belfast in August 1971. For background there is a lengthy report by 'The Guardian'  and he has written an article on the film

Major film works
Several of his documentaries were investigations on war crimes. His films include:

 Japan's Killer Quake (2011) - filmed and co-directed for Nova PBS. Documentary on the aftermath of the tsunami.Sudan: War and Independence - presenter and director for Al Jazeera. Documentary looking at the civil war in South Kordofam Sudan. Whistleblower: The Secret Bank- undercover in Barclays Bank, BBC, 21 March 2007. Unreported World (2003) - directed and filmed, on the civil war in Uganda. A Day of War - covered the war in Northern Uganda for BBC. Filmed a massacre on the Sudan/Uganda border. Iraq's Mission Billions (2006) - on the Coalition's alleged misuse of billions of Iraqi fund during the Iraq War.On Whose Orders - a Panorama series investigation on the allegations of unlawful killings in Iraq by the British troops. Sri Lanka's Killing Fields - on the war crimes in the final stages of the Sri Lankan War in 2009. Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: War Crimes Unpunished - follow up to Sri Lanka's Killing Fields. No Fire Zone : In the Killing Fields of Sri Lanka (2013)
 The Ballymurphy Precedent (Film) Massacre at Ballymurphy (TV version) (2018)

Apart from war documentaries, he has directed documentaries on other subjects, such as on sex workers and child wedding practice among Romani people in Romania. Written works
<mask> has written extensively for a number of journals and magazines. Articles include:

 "The oldest profession:  Sex workers need a trade union and a decriminalised industry, not feminist pity" (With Ana Lopes) Friday 25 July 2003
 "Why the Humiliation of Jason Russell is Such a Tragedy" The LRA and "Invisible Children" Huffington Post 18 March 2012
 "Iraq’s Missing Billions 'Iraq was awash in cash. We played football with bricks of $100 bills'"  Guardian Monday 20 March 2006
 "Killed in the name of the Lord In Uganda's bloody civil war, a children's army is responsible for some of the worst atrocities".<mask> reports. The Observer, Sunday 29 February 2004

References

External links
OutsiderTv
Guardian Profile
Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: Digging out the truth by <mask>

Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art
Living people
Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Scottish journalists
Scottish television directors
Scottish television producers
Year of birth missing (living people)

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title: Frederick Osborn

texts:
Major General <mask> (21 March 1889 – 5 January 1981) was an American philanthropist, military leader, and eugenicist. He was a founder of several organizations and played a central part in reorienting eugenics in the years following World War II away from the race- and class-consciousness of earlier periods. The American Philosophical Society considers him to have been "the respectable face of eugenic research in the post-war period." World War I and the founding of organizations
<mask> graduated from Princeton University in 1910 and attended Trinity College, Cambridge, for a postgraduate year. His family had made their fortune in the railroad business, and he went into the family business up until the outbreak of World War I, when he served in the American Red Cross in France as Commander of the Advance Zone for the last 11 months of the war. In 1928, he became a research associate at the American Museum of Natural History studying anthropology and population. He was one of the founding members of the American Eugenics Society in 1926 and joined the British Eugenics Society in 1928, serving as its Secretary in 1931.<mask> was also instrumental in the founding of the Population Association of America in 1931. He played a central role in the 1936 founding of the Office of Population Research at Princeton University, a leading demographic research and training center. <mask> was one of the founding trustees of the Pioneer Fund in 1937, a charitable foundation charged with promoting eugenics. Also in 1937, <mask> praised the Nazi eugenics programs as the "most important experiment which has ever been tried." According to J. Phillipe Rushton, <mask> was the first to point out that although African Americans scored lower than whites on the Army intelligence tests, those from five urban northern states scored slightly higher than whites from eight rural southern states did, demonstrating the influence of cultural factors on IQ scores. In the following decades, <mask> remained skeptical of the hereditarian hypothesis of the variance in IQ scores found between racial groups. He suspected that environment played a greater role than genetics in the shaping of human beings, and thought eugenics should take place within groups (well-adapted families should be given the means to have more children) rather than between them (inferior races should be replaced).An admirer of the reforms instituted in 1930s Sweden through the efforts of economist Gunnar Myrdal and his wife Alva Myrdal, <mask> emphasized the eugenic potential of extended state support in childcare, recreation, housing, nursery services, and education as a means of stimulating fertility among desirable populations. He argued that the aim of eugenics should be to ensure that every child was wanted. <mask> believed that in this system, which he called the "true freedom of parenthood," the parents most capable of rearing children would be likelier to have more. World War II and later life
Many civil rights leaders alleged that, even after the revelation of genocide in World War II, eugenic influences remained strong in the United States because of <mask> and others of the Population Society (including John D. Rockefeller, Lewis Strauss, Karl Compton, and Detlev Bronk). He also encouraged and endorsed programs in Nazi Germany that sterilized Jews, Poles, and others deemed "unsuitable" to breed. Although Hitler's genocidal tactics and acts caused revulsion in the United States, he continued to promote eugenic ideals. In 1940, <mask> was selected by Franklin Roosevelt to chair the Civilian Advisory Committee on Selective Service.Five months later, he took over as Chair of the Army Committee on Welfare and Recreation, responsible for information and education services for military personnel. In September 1941, he was commissioned as Brigadier General and appointed Chief of the Morale Branch of the War Department (later called the Information and Education Division of Special Services). By the war's end, he had earned promotion to Major General and had been awarded a Bronze Star in Paris, the Distinguished Service Medal, and the Selective Service Medal, and he was made Honorary Commander in the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. <mask> served at Princeton, as a charter trustee from 1943 to 1955, and as a member of several advisory boards, including the Curriculum Committee and Psychology Department Council. During the postwar years, one of Osborn's lasting influences was shifting the emphasis of American eugenics to positive eugenics, which seeks to achieve eugenic goals through encouraging the spread of desired traits, as opposed to negative eugenics, which seeks to achieve eugenic goals through discouraging the spread of undesired traits. In 1954, <mask> played a central role in the founding of the journal Eugenics Quarterly, published by Duke University, which changed its name in 1968 to Social Biology. <mask> explained the name change, writing: "The name was changed because it became evident that changes of a eugenic nature would be made for reasons other than eugenics, and that tying a eugenic label on them would more often hinder than help their adoption.Birth control and abortion are turning out to be great eugenic advances of our time. If they had been advanced for eugenic reasons it would have retarded or stopped their acceptance.”

In 1968 <mask> published The Future of Human Heredity: An Introduction to Eugenics in Modern Society, in which he complained that Hitler had "prostituted eugenics" but that the original goals of raising the average intelligence and character of future generations could be by programs advocating population control directed at convincing women of less intelligence, especially among the poor, to reduce their births voluntarily in order to "further the social and biological improvement of the population." In summary, he noted: "Eugenic goals are most likely to be attained under a name other than eugenics." References

Osborn FH. "History of the American Eugenics Society," Social Biology, vol. 21 no. 2 Summer 1974, 115-126
Saxon, W. "<mask>, a general, 91, dies; Headed Army Information Unit and Held U.N. Post--Was Leader in Studies on Population Served on U.N.Commissions." New York Times Jan 7, 1981. p. B12. "The History of the Journal Social Biology, 1954-1999," Social Biology, Fall-Winter 1999, Vol. 46, Num. 3-4. "Frederick Henry Osborn Papers," American Philosophical Society (APS), 1983, published online. Edmund Ramsden, "Social Demography and Eugenics in the Interwar United States" Population and Development Review, Vol.29, No. 4. (Dec., 2003), pp. 547–593. External links
<mask><mask> Papers via American Philosophical Society
<mask><mask> quotes and excerpts
"Study of Education at Princeton and the 1954 Advisee Project", assisted by Osborn, sought to "replace grand assumptions about university education with quantifiable facts and could potentially 'bring into view an entirely new horizon of educational accomplishment.'" <mask> H. Osborn Papers, 1941–1963, "correspondence and reports related to <mask>'s service at Princeton." (papers not available online)
Social Biology: Biannual Journal of the Study of Social Biology, Duke University.1889 births
1981 deaths
American eugenicists
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Princeton University alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Army generals
American Red Cross personnel

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