title: Robert D. Bullard

texts:
<mask> (born December 21, 1946) is an American academic who is the former Dean of the Barbara Jordan - Mickey Leland School Of Public Affairs (October 2011 – August 2016) and currently Distinguished Professor at Texas Southern University. Previously Ware Professor of Sociology and Director of the Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University, <mask> is known as the "father of environmental justice". He has been a leading campaigner against environmental racism, as well as the foremost scholar of the problem, and of the Environmental Justice Movement which sprung up in the United States in the 1980s. Early life and education

Born in Elba, Alabama, <mask> is the son of Nehemiah and <mask>; he was the fourth of five children. He graduated from Elba's Mulberry Heights High School as class salutatorian in 1964. Continuing his education, <mask> received a bachelor's degree in government at Alabama A&M University in Huntsville, in 1968. Upon graduating from college, he served two years in the United States Marine Corps, at an "air control station in North Carolina".<mask>'s M.A. in sociology was earned at Clark Atlanta University in 1972. <mask> obtained his Ph.D. in sociology at Iowa State University in 1976, under the supervision of urban sociologist <mask>"Bob") O. Richards. Environmental justice work

Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, Inc. In 1979 <mask>'s wife, attorney Linda McKeever <mask>, represented Margaret Bean and other Houston residents in their struggle against a plan that would locate a municipal landfill next to their homes. The lawsuit, Bean v. Southwestern Waste Management, Inc., was the first of its kind in the United States that charged environmental discrimination in waste facility siting under the civil rights laws. Houston's middle-class, suburban Northwood Manor neighborhood was an unlikely location for a garbage dump except that it was over 82 percent black.<mask>, having received his doctoral degree only a couple of years before, was drawn into the case as an expert witness. In this role <mask> conducted a study which documented the location of municipal waste disposal facilities in Houston. Entitled 'Solid Waste Sites and the Black Houston Community', the study was the first comprehensive account of ecoracism in the United States. <mask> and his researchers found that African American neighbourhoods in Houston were often chosen for toxic waste sites. All five city-owned garbage dumps, six of the eight city-owned garbage incinerators, and three of the four privately owned landfills were sited in black neighbourhoods, although blacks made up only 25 percent of the city's population. This discovery prompted <mask> to begin a long academic and activist campaign against environmental racism. "Without a doubt", <mask> has said of his experience, "it was a form of apartheid where whites were making decisions and black people and brown people and people of color, including Native Americans on reservations, had no seat at the table."Early work

Over the 1980s <mask> widened his study of environmental racism to the whole American South, focusing on communities in Houston, in Dallas, Texas, Alsen, Louisiana, Institute, West Virginia, and Emelle, Alabama. Again he found a clear overrepresentation of environmental hazards in black areas as compared to white areas, causing increased health risks to black citizens. In 1990 <mask> published his first book, Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class and Environmental Quality. In the book, <mask> wrote that the Environmental Justice Movement, a grassroots movement by people of color then spreading across America to protest environmental racism, signified a new convergence of the civil rights movement and the environmental movement of the 1960s. Advocacy

In 1990 <mask> (then at the University of California-Riverside) became one leader of a group of prominent academics, later known as the Michigan Group, including Bunyan Bryant of the University of Michigan and Charles Lee of the United Church of Christ. The group wrote letters to Louis Sullivan, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and to William Reilly, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, asking for meetings with the officials to discuss governmental policy on environmental discrimination. Sullivan never responded, but Reilly met the advocacy group several times, resulting in the creation of the EPA's Work Group on Environmental Equity.This group later became the Office of Environmental Equity, and then the Office of Environmental Justice under EPA Administrator Carol Browner in 1993. <mask> also played a key role in the organising of the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit in 1991. Starting out with a list of only 30 people of color groups working on environmental issues, Bullard expanded the list to over 300 groups by calling the leaders he knew personally and gathering information on other groups they had come across. It was these groups that attended the Leadership Summit in October 1991, at which a list of seventeen 'Principles of Environmental Justice' was adopted. <mask>'s expanded list eventually included groups from outside the United States, including Puerto Rico, Canada and Mexico, and has been published as the "People of Color Environmental Group Directory" by the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation. In 1994 President Bill Clinton signed the Environmental Justice Executive Order 12898 after advice and research by a National Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC), which included Professor <mask>, who chaired the Health and Research Subcommittee. <mask> continued to act on behalf of struggling African American groups across the U.S.It was his expert testimony that won the case of Citizens Against Nuclear Trash (CANT) v. Louisiana Energy Services (LES) for the environmental justice group, directly causing the federal government's decision to deny the LES's permit for a uranium enrichment plant in Forest Grove and Center Springs, Louisiana. In 2006 when asked what keeps him going in his quest for environmental justice, <mask> answered, "People who fight... People who do not let the garbage trucks and the landfills and the petrochemical plants roll over them. That has kept me in this movement for the last 25 years. And in the last 10 years, we've been winning: lawsuits are being won, reparations are being paid, apologies are being made. These companies have been put on notice that they can't do this anymore, anywhere." Academic career

 Associate/ Assistant Professor, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, 1976-88
 Associate Professor, University of Tennessee, 1987–88
 Associate Professor/ Visiting Scholar, University of California at Berkeley, 1988–89
 Professor/ Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, University of California-Riverside, 1989–94
 Ware Distinguished Professor of Sociology; Director, Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, 1994-2011
 Dean, Barbara Jordan-Mickey Leland School of Public Affairs, Texas Southern University, 2011–present

Awards and recognition

 Conservation Achievement Award, National Wildlife Federation, 1990
 One of thirteen "Environmental Leaders of the Century", Newsweek, 2008
 Building Economic Alternatives Award, Co-op America, 2008
 John Muir Award, Sierra Club, 2013
 American Bar Association, Award for Excellence in Environmental, Energy, and Resources Stewardship, 2015
 Iowa State University Alumni Association, Alumni Merit Award, 2015
 Stephen Schneider Award for Outstanding Climate Science Communication, 2019

Selected publications

 <mask>, RD (1983). Solid waste sites and the black Houston community.Sociological Inquiry 53, pp. 273–288. <mask>, ed (1983). Confronting Environmental Racism: Voices from the Grassroots. Boston: South End Press. <mask>, RD (1987). Invisible Houston: The Black Experience in Boom and Bust.College Station Texas A&M University Press. <mask>, RD (1989). In Search of the New South: The Black Urban Experience in the 1970s and 1980s. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. <mask>, RD, ed (2000a). [1990]. Dumping in Dixie: Race, Class, and Environmental Quality, 3rd ed.Boulder, CO: Westview Press. <mask>, RD, ed (1994). Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. <mask>, RD, Grigsby, JE, III, & Lee, C (1994). "Residential Apartheid: The American Legacy. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies.Bullard, RD, & Johnson, GS, eds (1997). Just Transportation: Dismantling Race and Class Barriers to Mobility. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. Bullard, RD, Johnson, GS, & Wright, BH (1997). Confronting environmental injustice: It's the right thing to do. Environmentalism and Race, Gender, Class Issues. Race Gender and Class 5 (1), pp.63–79. Bullard, RD, & Johnson, GS (1998). Environmental and economic justice: Implications for public policy. Journal of Public Management and Social Policy 4 (4), pp. 137–148. Bullard, RD, Johnson, GS, & Torres, AO (1999, Fall). Atlanta: Megasprawl.Forum: For Applied Research and Public Policy 14 (3), pp. 17–23. <mask>, RD, Johnson, GS, & Torres, AO, eds (2000). Sprawl City: Race, Politics, and Planning in Atlanta. Washington, DC: Island Press. <mask>, RD, Johnson, GS, & Torres, AO (2000, February/March). Dismantling transportation apartheid through environmental justice.Progress: Surface Transportation Policy Project 10 (1), pp. 4–5
 <mask>, RD (2000b). "People of Color Environmental Groups Directory." Flint, MI: Charles Stewart Mott Foundation. <mask>, RD, ed (2003). Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.<mask> (2004). Highway Robbery: Transportation Racism and New Routes to Equity. Boston: South End Press. <mask>, RD (2005). The Quest for Environmental Justice: Human Rights and the Politics of Pollution. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. <mask>, RD (2007).Growing Smarter: Achieving Livable Communities, Environmental Justice, and Regional Equity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. <mask>, RD (2007). The Black Metropolis in the Twenty-First Century: Race and the Politics of Place. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. <mask>, RD (2009). Race, Place, and Environmental Justice After Hurricane Katrina: Struggles to Reclaim, Rebuild, and Revitalize New Orleans and the Gulf Coast.Boulder, CO: Westview Press. See also
 History of African-Americans in Houston

References

External links

 "<mask>," The History Makers, April 12, 2011 (videos)
 <mask>, Gregory. 2006. "Meet <mask>, the father of environmental justice," Grist, March 15
 "<mask> <mask>," DoOneThing.org
 Official Dr. <mask> Website
 Environmental Justice Resource Center at Clark Atlanta University
 <mask><mask> Dean’s Page at Texas Southern University
 Marathon for Justice Film, 2016

Living people
American sociologists
Environmental sociologists
Clark Atlanta University faculty
American academic administrators
Texas Southern University faculty
University of California, Riverside faculty
Iowa State University alumni
American environmentalists
Environmental justice
American civil rights activists
People from Elba, Alabama
1946 births
Alabama A&M University alumni
Sierra Club awardees
Activists from Alabama
Activists from California

masks:
Robert Doyle Bullard
Bullard
Robert Doyle Bullard
Myrtle Brundidge Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Robert (
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
BullardD
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
BullardD
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Bullard
Robert Bullard
Dicum
Robert Bullard
Robert Doyle
Bullard
Robert Bullard
Robert D
. Bullard


title: Dora Bakoyannis

type: original

texts:
Theodora "<mask>" Bakoyanni (; ; née Mitsotakis; ; born May 6, 1954) is a Greek politician. From 2006 to 2009 she was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece, the highest position ever to have been held by a woman in the Cabinet of Greece at the time; she was also Chairperson-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2009. Previously she was the Mayor of Athens from 2003 to 2006, the first female mayor in the city's history, and the first woman to serve as mayor of a city hosting the Olympic Games. She also served as Minister for Culture of Greece from 1992 to 1993. <mask> has been serving as an independent member of the Hellenic Parliament representing unofficially Democratic Alliance, the political party she founded in 2010, having been expelled from the opposition New Democracy party due to voting against the party line. In May 2012, due to the critical situation in Greece before the elections and given the established electoral law, Democratic Alliance decided to cooperate with New Democracy, based on a specific framework of values and to suspend its activities. <mask> rejoined New Democracy on 21 May 2012, ahead of the parliamentary election in June, where she headed the state deputies' ballot.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Athens in 1954 to a prominent Greek family in the field of politics. She is the eldest of four children of the veteran Greek politician Konstantinos Mitsotakis, former Prime Minister of Greece and former leader of country's main centre-right political party New Democracy, and Marika Mitsotakis (née Giannoukou). Her family originates from Chania, Crete, and has a long tradition in the politics of Greece. Besides her father and herself, other members of the family include prominent politicians such as her grandfather, Kyriakos, and his brother Aristomenis, while her younger brother Kyriakos, is the current Prime Minister of Greece. She is also a great-granddaughter of Eleftherios Venizelos' sister. This decade-long involvement has been reprehended as attestation for family-rule in Greek political life. During her early school years, she attended the German School of Athens.Her family was exiled to Paris by the Greek military junta in 1968, thus she completed her secondary schooling at the German School of Paris. She then studied political science and communication at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich without graduating. After the collapse of the junta, she returned to Greece and continued her academic studies in public law at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. In addition to Greek, <mask> is fluent in English, French and German. Venizelos/Mitsotakis/Bakoyannis family tree

Political career

Minister for Culture, 1992-1993
In the November 1989 election, <mask> successfully contested her late husband's seat in the Evrytania constituency and was re-elected a member of the Hellenic Parliament in the 1990 election and served as a Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, following the election of her father as Prime Minister of Greece. From September 1991 to August 1992, she served in the General Secretariat of International Affairs for New Democracy and represented the party at the European Democrat Union and the International Democrat Union. Since December 1992, she served as Minister for Culture of Greece until the 1993 election, when she was re-elected a member of Parliament for New Democracy as the main opposition party.Years in opposition
On 29 April 1994, <mask> was elected in the Central Committee of New Democracy by the party's Third Congress. In the 1996 election <mask> was a candidate for a first time in the Athens A' electoral district and was elected again as member of Parliament, coming first of all the candidates in it, something that was repeated in the 2000 election. Meanwhile, on 22 March 1997, she was elected again to the Central Committee of New Democracy by the party's Fourth Congress. She also served for two terms as the chairperson of the party's Executive Committee later. In September 1997 she was appointed by New Democracy leader Kostas Karamanlis in the party's Department for Development and as Shadow Minister of Foreign Affairs and Defence in May 2000. Mayor of Athens, 2002-2006
On 29 March 2002, <mask> was picked to run for Mayor of Athens in the 2002 local elections, both a choice of Kostas Karamanlis who was looking for a way to demonstrate New Democracy's growing strength against the ruling Panhellenic Socialist Movement and a chance for <mask> to earn prestige by this office in advance of the city hosting the Olympic games. She was elected what was aired as Athens' first female mayor in the city's 3,500-year history, defeating her socialist opponent Christos Papoutsis and receiving a percentage of 60.6% in the runoff.As mayor, she was heavily involved in the preparation of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, the first woman to serve as mayor of a city hosting the Olympic Games, and passed the Olympic flag to the mayor of Beijing, Wang Qishan. In 2005 she was awarded the World Mayor Prize. In 2003, upon the invitation of Romano Prodi, then President of the European Commission, <mask> joined a group of 12 high-level independent figures from Europe, as a member of a prestigious round-table conference, contributing proposals on the social character, cultural identity and economic future of new Europe. Minister of Foreign Affairs, 2006-2009

<mask> left the office of Mayor before the end of her term, replaced by acting mayor Fotini Pipili, to become Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece on 15 February 2006 and thus the highest-ranking woman in the history of the Cabinet of Greece. She also retained the position after the 2007 election, managing to be elected as a member of the Hellenic Parliament first among all the candidates in the Athens A' constituency once more. As Minister of Foreign Affairs, <mask> assumed the rotating Greek presidency of the United Nations Security Council in September 2006, while at a time of international tensions over nuclear programs in Iran and North Korea and amidst a fragile United Nations brokered cease-fire in Lebanon. During her incumbency, she promoted the cooperation in the Balkans, where Greek companies are heavily investing, traveled through the Middle East to help outline solutions to problems and attended meetings of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe to discuss developments in the region.She also promoted the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon by the Hellenic Parliament and supported Nicolas Sarkozy's plan about the Union for the Mediterranean, but did not reach a conciliation with Turkey and the Republic of Macedonia over the Cyprus dispute and the Macedonia naming dispute respectively. OSCE Chairperson-in-Office
<mask> served as the Chairperson-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe from January 2009 to 6 October 2009. As the political leader of the OSCE, she was responsible for the external representation and the appointments of the Organization. She also oversaw the activities of the OSCE in conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation. During her chairmanship, she was assisted by her staff and Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, the Secretary General of the OSCE, as well as by her predecessor Alexander Stubb and successor Marat Tazhin, who both formed along with <mask> the OSCE Troika. Later political role
<mask> was expelled from New Democracy on May 7, 2010, on the grounds of having defied New Democracy's line and voting "in favor" of a salient piece of legislation introducing the harsh austerity measures that were required for European Union-International Monetary Fund backed lending. She continued to hold her parliamentary seat, originally secured by New Democracy, as an independent.On November 21, 2010, she founded her own political party called the Democratic Alliance. A member of the Greek delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe since 2012, Bakoyannis serves as chairwoman of the Sub-Committee on relations with the OECD and the EBRD. She is also a member of the Committee on Political Affairs and Democracy, which she chaired from 2014 to 2016; a member of the Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee); co-rapporteur for the monitoring of Russia (alongside Liliane Maury Pasquier); and rapporteur on the Syrian Civil War. In 2019, she announced her candidacy to succeed Thorbjørn Jagland as Secretary General of the Council of Europe. The position was ultimately won by Croatia's Foreign Minister Marija Pejčinović Burić. In 2015, <mask> was named a member of the OSCE Panel of Eminent Persons on European Security as a Common Project, chaired by Wolfgang Ischinger. Other activities
 Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Member of the Board of Directors
 European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member of the Council

Recognition
In March 1992, the International Centre for Women awarded <mask> the International Leadership Award, and in June 1993, she was recognised by the 14th International Symposium Fontana di Roma for her valuable contribution to culture.<mask> received the honor of being elected World Mayor in 2005, an annual internet-based project organized by City Mayors in order to honor the mayors who have served their communities well. Her efforts to get Athens ready to host the 2004 Summer Olympics successfully, her actions to transform the city for the benefit of its residents and her fight against terrorism helped <mask> win the award. During the contest she was strongly supported by the Greek community and also received thousands of votes from several countries around Europe, North America and Australia. She had also been continuously included in the Forbes Magazine's List of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women from 2006 to 2008. In 2008, she was awarded the Emperor Maximilian Award-European Award for Regional Policy and Local Government by the State of Tyrol and the city of Innsbruck. In 2009, she was named as the first female foreign associate of the French Academy in Humanities and Political Sciences. The same year, she was also awarded the title of Honorary Senator by the European Academy of Sciences and Arts in Salzburg.In 2010, <mask> has been awarded the National Order of the Chevalry of the Legion of Honour of the French Republic (Ordre Nationale de Chevalier de la Legion d' Honneur). : On 21 March 2008 received a copy of the key of the city of Tirana on the occasion of her official visit to Albania. Remarkable incidents
On December 13, 2002, two months after taking office as mayor of Athens, an assassination attempt was made on her by a perpetrator who was considered mentally disturbed. In March 2021, the driver of her guard team killed a 23 year old man outside the Hellenic Parliament and the driver fled so as not to be found. The police drove the eyewitnesses away from the scene of the accident. Personal life
In December 1974, she was married to journalist Pavlos <mask> and later gave birth to their two children, Alexia and Kostas. In 1977, she took examinations at the Ministry of Economic Coordination and was appointed in the Department of European Economic Community Affairs.When her father was elected leader of New Democracy in 1984, she served as chief of staff until 1989. On 26 September 1989, her husband, who had been elected a member of the Hellenic Parliament in the June 1989 election, was assassinated by members of the terrorist group Revolutionary Organization 17 November, as he entered his office building. She was married to businessman Isidoros Kouvelos in 1998, but she retains her late husband's surname. On October 18, 2021 she revealed that she has been diagnosed with multiple myeloma - a type of cancer of white blood cells. References

External links

<mask>' biography in the Wayback Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website

World Mayor 2005

|-

|-

|-

1954 births
Daughters of national leaders
Culture ministers of Greece
Female foreign ministers
Foreign ministers of Greece
Greek MPs 1989–1990
Greek MPs 1990–1993
Greek MPs 1993–1996
Greek MPs 1996–2000
Greek MPs 2000–2004
Greek MPs 2004–2007
Greek MPs 2007–2009
Greek MPs 2009–2012
Greek MPs 2012–2014
Greek MPs 2015 (February–August)
Greek MPs 2015–2019
Living people
Mayors of Athens
Mitsotakis family
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
New Democracy (Greece) politicians
Women mayors of places in Greece
Women government ministers of Greece
20th-century Greek women politicians
21st-century Greek women politicians
Members of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
Greek women diplomats
Greek MPs 2019–2023

masks:
Dora
Bakoyannis
Dora Bakoyanni
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Dora Bakoyannis
Bakoyannis
Dora Bakoyannis


title: Gaetano Berardi

texts:
<mask> (born 21 August 1988) is a Swiss professional footballer who plays as a defender for Swiss club FC Sion. He can also operate at left-back and centre-back. He has been capped at international level by Switzerland. Club career

Brescia
Born in Sorengo, Berardi started his career at Swiss club Lugano's youth team. In the summer of 2005, he was signed by Serie B side Brescia. Berardi made his professional debut on 30 June 2007, in a winning away game against Pescara (1–3). In his first season, Berardi made ten appearances in all competitions under the management of Serse Cosmi.In the 2008–09 season, <mask> was used in 26 Serie B games. Before finally becoming a first team regular in Giuseppe Iachini team during the 2009–10 season, Brescia earned promotion to Serie A after beating Torino in the Serie B play-offs. <mask> made his Serie A debut on 12 September 2010 in a 3–2 victory against Palermo. He made 26 starts in total for Brescia in Serie A, although Brescia were relegated at the end of the season after finishing in 19th position. Sampdoria
Upon the opening of the January transfer window, <mask> signed for fellow Serie B side Sampdoria. <mask> made his debut in a 2–1 victory against Padova on 14 January. At the end of the 2011–12 season, <mask> gained his second promotion to Serie A after winning the Serie B play-offs by beating Varese 4–2 on aggregate in the two-legged play-off final.The following club season in Serie A, despite stiff competition from Italian international Lorenzo De Silvestri, Berardi made 21 appearances in Serie A during the 2012–13 season. However, after the club appointed Siniša Mihajlović as head coach in November 2013, <mask> lost his place in the starting lineup and only made five Serie A appearances during the subsequent 2013–14 season. Leeds United
On 19 July 2014, Leeds United announced that they had signed Berardi to a two-year deal for an undisclosed fee. Club president Massimo Cellino confirmed that Berardi had taken a wage cut to join Leeds. <mask> made his Leeds debut on 12 August 2014, starting the League Cup match against Accrington Stanley, but was sent off for a "mid-air sliding tackle" and received a three-match ban as a result. With regular right back Sam Byram suspended, Berardi was set to start against Bradford City on 27 August, but was ruled out after picking up a concussion the day before the game. His full league debut was in a 1–1 draw away at Birmingham City on 13 September 2014.On 20 September, <mask> received his second red card in just his fourth game, after being sent off in a 3–0 win over local rivals Huddersfield Town. With regular left back Charlie Taylor pushed forward into an attacking left wing position, during 2015 Berardi became a regular fixture in the left-back position for Leeds. Berardi finished the season in strong form at left back, starting 10 of the last 11 games and becoming a fans' favourite for his performances. On 21 September 2015, after becoming a highly popular player with the fans for his consistent displays at both right back or left back positions, Berardi signed a two-year contract extension with the club lasting until 2018. On 21 November, Berardi received another straight red card for Leeds in the 73rd-minute of a 1–0 home defeat to Rotherham United; after being left with a bloodied nose following an elbow to the face from Leon Best, Berardi pushed Best to the ground before being restrained by his teammates, with both players receiving a straight red card as a result. The ban was later reduced after appeal due to the severity of the elbow Berardi received from Best, provoking the reaction. After returning from suspension, Berardi suffered a torn ankle ligament on 14 December against Charlton Athletic which ruled him out for two months.After returning from injury, in April 2016, in the return fixture against Rotherham, Berardi – in similar circumstances to the reverse fixture – suffered a bloodied face/head injury after being elbowed by Rotherham striker Matt Derbyshire, which resulted in Derbyshire's being given a straight red, albeit in a 2–1 defeat for Leeds. <mask> was nominated for the Leeds United Player of the Year award, alongside Charlie Taylor, Liam Bridcutt, Mirco Antenucci and Lewis Cook, though it was awarded to Taylor, whilst he also finished second in the voting for the Yorkshire Evening Post Player of the Year award, runner-up to eventual winner Taylor. <mask> missed the entirety of Leeds' 2016–17 pre-season friendlies due to injury, although he did return to the substitutes' bench for the final pre-season friendly against Italian side Atalanta. On 7 August, in the opening fixture of the season against Queens Park Rangers in a 3–0 defeat, <mask> was substituted early in the first half after picking up a hamstring injury. As a result of the hamstring injury, <mask> was ruled out for around six weeks. On 26 October 2016, he made his return when he started in Leeds' penalty shootout victory against Norwich City in the League Cup, after a dramatic 2–2 draw in normal time. However upon his return from injury, Berardi was kept out the side due to the impressive form of new right back Luke Ayling.After an Achilles injury to regular left back Charlie Taylor, on 29 December 2016 against Aston Villa, Berardi came into the side as a left back for a run of games. <mask>'s form at left back managed to keep out the returning Taylor for the remainder of the season. On 6 August 2017, Berardi suffered a dislocated shoulder in the 3–2 victory against Bolton Wanderers in the first game of the season, and had to be replaced by debutant Vurnon Anita in the first half. On 8 August, he signed a new three-year contract at the club, keeping him at Leeds until the end of the 2019–20 season. On 30 December 2017, <mask> was named as captain and made his 100th appearance for Leeds in the 1–0 defeat against Birmingham City. On 7 January 2018, Berardi again captaining Leeds scored his first goal for the club and his first ever professional career goal with a "low, swerving shot" from 25 yards in a 2–1 defeat against Newport County in the FA Cup. On 7 April 2018, <mask> who was captaining the side, was sent off for a two footed lunge on Sunderland's Callum McManaman, with the sending off being his third red card of the 2017–18 season, Berardi was given a five match ban, missing the final five games of the season.After missing 10 games combined through suspension for the 2017–18 season, Berardi apologised for his poor discipline in an interview with LUTV, stating that "it's not good enough for a senior professional player", adding that he will "stop making mistakes when I die". Ahead of the 2018–19 season under new head coach Marcelo Bielsa, Berardi was training in a new position as a centre back, and used during pre-season in his new position. He started the season as first choice centre back alongside Liam Cooper, keeping Pontus Jansson on the bench, however <mask> was ruled out for a number of weeks after picking up a knee injury against Middlesbrough on 31 August. After returning from injury after six weeks out injured, Berardi in only his second game back, picked up a separate serious injury on 24 October 2018 in a 2–0 win against Ipswich Town after suffering a hyperextention injury to the hamstring, which would rule him out for several months. Rob Price, Leeds' Head of Medicine, revealed the seriousness of the injury by revealing Berardi "tore his hamstring completely off the bone". During the 2018–19 season, Berardi played 13 matches across the regular season after an injury hit campaign, with Leeds finishing the regular season in third place despite spending the majority of the season in the automatic promotion places, and therefore qualifying for the promotion play-offs. <mask> started the Championship semi-final first leg as Leeds went 1–0 up away to Derby County, but was sent off in the 78th-minute of the second leg for a foul on Bradley Johnson as Leeds lost 4–2 (4–3 on aggregate).The red card was the seventh of <mask>'s Leeds career, equalling Alan Smith as the most red-carded player in the club's history. Berardi scored only the second goal of his career on 13 August in the EFL Cup tie against Salford City to help earn a 3–0 victory. He received his eighth red card for the club against Millwall on 5 October, at the time making him the most red-carded player in Leeds United history. However, the controversial red card was overturned on appeal on 8 October. After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the season was resumed during June, where Berardi earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League as EFL Championship champions for the 2019–20 season. However, Berardi injured his anterior cruciate ligament in the penultimate game of the season as Leeds defeated Derby County 3–1 on 17 July 2020; the injury was set to rule Berardi out for nine months. Having signed a short extension to remain with Leeds during Project Restart, <mask>'s contract ran out at the end of the 2019–20 season.However, he was allowed to remain at the club's Thorp Arch training ground while completing his rehabilitation from the ACL injury, and on 16 October 2020 signed a new one-year contract for Leeds' first season back in the Premier League. He made his Premier league debut on 19 May 2021, coming on for Diego Llorente in a 2–0 win for Leeds away to Southampton. On 21 May 2021, it was announced that Leeds would release Berardi at the end of the season. On 23 May 2021, after a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion, Berardi alongside teammate Pablo Hernandez officially departed Leeds United, bidding farewell to their fans after making their final appearances for the club. Sion
On 30 January 2022, Berardi joined Sion until the end of the 2021–22 season. International career

After playing for the Switzerland national under-20 team, Berardi debuted for the Switzerland U21s against Greece on 19 November 2008. Berardi played his first match for Switzerland at senior level against Liechtenstein on 10 August 2011.Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Brescia
Serie B Play-offs: 2009–10

Sampdoria
Serie B play-offs: 2011–12

Leeds United
EFL Championship: 2019–20

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Swiss footballers
Swiss expatriate footballers
Switzerland under-21 international footballers
Switzerland youth international footballers
Switzerland international footballers
Association football defenders
Swiss people of Italian descent
People from Ticino
Brescia Calcio players
U.C. Sampdoria players
Leeds United F.C. players
FC Sion players
Serie A players
Serie B players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in England

masks:
Gaetano Michel Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi
Berardi


title: Thierry Boutsen

texts:
<mask> (born 13 July 1957) is a Belgian former racing driver who raced for the Arrows, Benetton, Williams, Ligier and Jordan teams in Formula One. He competed in 164 World Championship Grands Prix (163 starts), winning three races, achieving 15 podiums and scoring 132 career points. His best finish in the World Drivers' Championship was fourth in  whilst driving for Benetton. He also twice finished second in the 24 Hours of Le Mans sportscar race (in  in a Peugeot 905 and in  in a Porsche 911 GT1). Career

Junior formulae and sportscars
After winning the "Volant V" in 1977 at the André Pilette Racing School, Zolder, <mask> entered the Belgian Formula Ford 1600 championship and won it in 1978 with 15 victories in 18 races. He also entered the 1978 Spa 24 Hours race, the last auto race on the old 14 km (8.7 mi) Spa-Francorchamps circuit- driving a Toyota Trueno. For 1979 he moved to Formula 3, winning three races in 1980 and second place in the European title race, behind Michele Alboreto.In 1981 he moved to Formula 2 and was again second in the European championship, including winning at the 14-mile Nürburgring- this time behind Geoff Lees. He also entered the 1981 24 Hours of Le Mans. The race started at 3pm in unusually hot weather – one hour earlier than usual due to the Parliamentary elections held on the same weekend. At 4:06pm <mask> suffered a massive accident just after the Hunaudières kink, some  before the Mulsanne bosse (the "hump") when his WM P81-Peugeot was travelling at some . A suspension piece had failed and the car hit the guard-rail losing the entire rear end. Boutsen was untouched, but the debris field of hurled parts and bodywork was spread over . Three marshals were struck by the debris.One of them, <mask> Mabilat, was killed - struck in the chest by a detached piece of the guard rail. Two of his colleagues, Claude Hertault and Serge David (who lost an arm), were seriously injured. In 1983 <mask> drove in the European Touring Car Championship and in World Sportscar races, where he won the very first Group C race, the Monza 1000 km with Bob Wollek driving a Porsche 956. He also won the famous Daytona 24-hour race in 1985, co-driving the Porsche 956 from the Preston Henn Racing with Bob Wollek, AJ Foyt and Al Unser Sr. Formula One

Arrows
<mask> was considered a promising driver, testing for McLaren and Brabham. He was briefly attached to the Spirit Honda F1 project before losing out to his Formula Two teammate Stefan Johansson. In 1983 he paid $500,000 for a drive in Formula One and made his debut with Arrows at his home race, the 1983 Belgian Grand Prix at the shortened 7 km (4.3 mi) Spa.While he scored no points in 1983 his careful handling and close performance compared to experienced teammate Marc Surer allowed him to foster a positive reputation within the team. With backing from Barclay cigarettes he remained with Arrows for a further three seasons. The first saw Arrows struggle with their difficult first turbocharged car, with powerful BMW turbo engines but poor handling. <mask> scored points twice in the old Cosworth DFV powered A6 and once in the turbo machine. His second season saw several notable results, including 2nd place at Imola. <mask> crossed the line third, behind Alain Prost and Elio de Angelis but after the race, Prost was disqualified because his car was 2 kg underweight. Three more points scores saw him 11th overall in the standings.A final season with Arrows saw no points for <mask> in an uncompetitive car, but in parallel to F1 he drove for the Walter Brun team in Group C and clinched the World Championship title with them in 1986, winning that year's Spa 1000 km. Benetton

Boutsen got his big chance when he switched to the works Ford F1 team, Benetton, for the  season as teammate to Teo Fabi. While the package wasn't a race winner, it did allow him to run regularly in the top 6. He scored points in six races, his best being awarded 3rd place in Adelaide after the disqualification of Ayrton Senna's Lotus and moved to 8th overall. At the Australian Grand Prix, <mask> was furious with Fabi when the Italian refused to let his teammate lap him for a number of laps. When Boutsen confronted Fabi about this after the race, a frustrated Fabi (who had been unable to find an F1 drive for ), told the Belgian to "come back and see me when you have a pole position". Fabi scored no wins in his F1 career but did have 3 poles to his name while at that stage Boutsen could only boast his 2nd place at Imola in 1985.

 saw Boutsen with a new teammate, the Italian Alessandro Nannini.When Cosworth stopped development of their turbocharged V6 engine, Benetton were forced to switch to normally aspirated Ford DFR V8 engines in anticipation of the banning of turbos in 1989. <mask>'s consistency, mechanical sympathy and speed in the Rory Byrne designed Benetton B188 saw him score points in 10 of the 16 races, including five 3rd-place finishes (all behind the all-conquering McLaren-Honda's), and place 4th overall as the best non-turbo driver in the field. Williams
Frank Williams signed <mask> in summer 1988 to replace Nigel Mansell for 1989 as  Mansell had signed to move to Ferrari. <mask>'s reputation as a reliable, fast driver with good development skills saw Frank Williams sign him on a two-year contract. For 1989, he drove the new V10 Renault powered Williams FW12C. began with Boutsen on the back foot due to a heavy pre-season testing crash in Rio and because veteran teammate Riccardo Patrese had a major resurgence in form. However at the Canadian Grand Prix, <mask> drove well in wet conditions and took his maiden victory after Senna suffered a late engine failure.Although it was a welcome win (<mask> became the first new winner in F1 since former Arrows teammate Gerhard Berger had won the 1986 Mexican Grand Prix for Benetton. Between then only Senna, Prost, Nigel Mansell, Nelson Piquet and Berger had won a race), it was considered a lucky win for the Belgian as he had been last at one stage and had a full 360° spin, though luckily he managed to keep his car off the walls. He managed to catch and pass Patrese who was suffering with a loose undertray and took the lead 3 laps from the end when the Honda V10 engine in Senna's McLaren MP4/5 seized. Three more podium finishes came before <mask> rounded the year off with a second victory at the rain-soaked Australian Grand Prix. Ironically <mask> had been one of the drivers protesting about the conditions at the circuit before the race. saw more consistent points scoring drives, including his third and final Grand Prix victory - a lights-to-flag victory in Hungary where he took his first pole position and held off sustained pressure from Alessandro Nannini (Benetton) and Ayrton Senna (McLaren) to win. However, with Nigel Mansell available in 1991, Williams Renault felt they needed a 'star' driver to put together a championship bid.Despite <mask> winning three races in two years to Patrese's one, the team felt that Patrese had been more consistent (and had worked well with Mansell in 1988) and decided to keep the Italian to drive alongside Mansell. Ligier

With no vacancies among the top teams <mask> had to drop down to the Ligier team. Despite having a sizeable budget and Lamborghini V12 engines, the JS35 was an uncompetitive car and <mask> was frequently unable to disguise his disgust with the machinery given to him. The arrival of Renault engines in 1992 improved matters a little and in his final race for the team he scored 5th place, his first points since leaving Williams. Jordan
Initially he was unable to find a drive for 1993 but Barclay secured him a slot at Jordan, replacing Ivan Capelli. Boutsen was too tall for the car and largely outpaced by young teammate Rubens Barrichello, failing to score any points in ten races. With Eddie Jordan keen to bring in younger, well-sponsored drivers to the seat the decision was taken to turn <mask>'s home race into a farewell event, though he retired on the first lap.Touring cars

For 1994, <mask> was hired by Ford Motorsport to lead their works challenge on the newly created Super Tourenwagen Cup in Germany. Driving a factory prepared Ford Mondeo built by Eggenberger Motorsport, that first season was a learning year for both <mask> and the team. The following year, <mask> was joined by his old Williams teammate Riccardo Patrese, but the season was a disaster. Attempting to follow Audi's lead by developing a four-wheel drive car, the Mondeo was totally uncompetitive. <mask> started in only the first four races in 1996 before leaving the team and turning his attention to sports car racing. After three years of limited success, Ford pulled the plug on the project at the end of that season to focus solely on the British series. Sportscars
<mask> then drove sports cars in the US, driving for Champion Racing in a Porsche 911 GT1, alongside Bill Adam and Hans Stuck.The trio finished 2nd in class at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1997, <mask> won the GT-One US Championship with the Champion Racing in 1998. After a crash at Le Mans in 1999 at the wheel of a Toyota GT-One he retired from racing altogether. Helmet

<mask>'s helmet was black with a red, orange and yellow ribbon design surrounding the visor and the rear area. The colours used are the colours of the Belgian flag (except for orange). Business
Today <mask> runs his own company, Boutsen Aviation, in Monaco. Its business is the "Sale and Acquisition of Business Jets". He founded the company in 1997 with his wife Daniela and up to May 2011, the company had sold 205 aircraft, ranging from Airbus Corporate Jets to Cessna Citation.He is also co-owner of Boutsen Energy Racing alongside his brother-in-law Olivier Lainé and Georges Kaczka. The team competes in the Formula Le Mans class in the Le Mans Series. <mask> also runs cars in Formula Renault and Eurocup Mégane Trophy. Racing record

Career summary

Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete Super Tourenwagen Cup results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete FIA GT Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

Boutsen Aviation official website

Belgian racing drivers
Belgian Formula One drivers
Arrows Formula One drivers
Benetton Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
Ligier Formula One drivers
Jordan Formula One drivers
Formula One race winners
European Formula Two Championship drivers
FIA European Formula 3 Championship drivers
German Formula Three Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
1957 births
Living people
Racing drivers from Brussels
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
American Le Mans Series drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
24 Hours of Spa drivers
Sports car racing team owners

masks:
Thierry Marc Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Thierry
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen
Boutsen


title: Vladimir Chekalov

texts:
<mask> (; July 6, 1922, a village of Novaya-Vyaltsevo, Soligalich county of Kostroma Province, Soviet Russia – 1992, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation) was a Russian Soviet realist painter and art teacher, who lived and worked in Leningrad. He was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and regarded as a representative of the Leningrad school of painting, most famous for his battle and genre paintings. Biography
<mask> was born July 6, 1922, in the village of Novaya-Vyaltsevo, Sologalich county of Kostroma Province in the Soviet Russia. In 1926 his family moved to Leningrad. In 1936, <mask>, who has shown the ability to draw, goes to the Secondary Art School at the All-Russian Academy of Arts. His teachers there were noted art educators Pavel Naumov, Alexander Zaitsev, Samuil Nevelshtein, Mikhail Natarevich. Together with <mask> in those years in the Secondary Art School involved many well known in the future artists and sculptors: Evgenia Antipova, Mikhail Anikushin, Vecheslav Zagonek, Victor Teterin, Alexei Eriomin, Marina Kozlovskaya, Oleg Lomakin, Maya Kopitseva, Abram Grushko, and others.In 1941, <mask> graduated from the Secondary Art School. In July 1941, <mask> was drafted into the Red Army and took part in the Great Patriotic War, which led the Soviet people against Nazi Germany and its allies. As sapper he participated in the Battle of Stalingrad, was wounded and marked by military awards. In 1944-1945, <mask> of the 3rd Ukrainian Front took part in the liberation of the Nazi occupation of Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, and Austria. <mask> demobilized in 1946. During the war, he lost all the family: his parents died in the siege of Leningrad, two elder brothers were killed at the front. After demobilization in October 1946, <mask> entered at the first course of Department of Painting of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture named after Ilya Repin.There he studied under Alexander Zaytsev, Boris Fogel, Genrikh Pavlovsky, Lija Ostrova, Semion Abugov, Mikhail Platunov, and Joseph Serebriany. In 1952, <mask> graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture as artist of painting in Rudolf Frentz workshop, together with Sergei Babkov, Leonid Baykov, Irina Baldina, Dmitry Beliaev, Abram Grushko, Marina Kozlovskaya, Boris Korneev, Elena Kostenko, Oleg Lomakin, Piotr Fomin, Boris Lavrenko, and other young artists. His graduated work was genre painting named "Soldier kitchen", devoted the first days of a new life in the liberation from Nazi German town. At the end of 1952, <mask>'s graduation work exhibited in Moscow at the All-Union Exhibition of graduation works of students of art institutes. In February 1953 the magazine "Soviet Union", published in six languages, placed in a full page spread color reproductions of paintings and an article about the author that brought the young artist to fame. <mask>lov participated in art exhibitions since 1952, mainly as a master of battle paintings and genre compositions. The main theme of the artist has an image of a Russian soldier-liberator.In 1950–1960 years he repeatedly referring to the theme of the soldier's heroism and creates paintings "Countrymen", "News from the Motherland", "On a halt. In Bulgaria ", "Fight the Black Sea Fleet sailors at the Eltigen ", and others. While working on a painting, <mask> painted a large number of sketches from life, many of them are excellent examples of realistic painting. In the late 1950s - 1960's, <mask> commits creative journey to the Crimea, works in the town of Old Ladoga, at the Academic dacha, a lot of time with a landscape. In this genre with particular force revealed spectacular talent of the artist, his sense of color and the ability to transfer the state of the lighting and air environment. Since 1953, <mask> was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists. In 1970–1980 years he taught at art school for deaf children in Pavlovsk, near Leningrad.<mask> <mask> died in Saint Petersburg in 1992. His paintings reside in art museums and private collections in Russia, France, England, Germany, Italy, the U.S., and others. Honours and awards
 Order of the Red Star
 Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd Class, twice
 Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
 Medal "For the Defence of Stalingrad"
 Medal "For the Capture of Vienna"
 Medal "For the Capture of Budapest"
 Medal "For the Liberation of Belgrade"

See also

 Fine Art of Leningrad
 Leningrad School of Painting
 List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
 Saint Petersburg Union of Artists

References

Bibliography
 1917 — 1957. Выставка произведений ленинградских художников. Каталог. — Л: Ленинградский художник, 1958. — с.34.Выставка произведений ленинградских художников 1960 года. Каталог. — Л: Художник РСФСР, 1961. — с.45. Двести лет Академии художеств СССР. Каталог выставки. — Л.-М.: Искусство, 1958. — с.176. Ленинград. Зональная выставка. — Л: Художник РСФСР, 1965. — с.61. Справочник членов Союза художников СССР.Том 2. — М: Советский художник, 1979. — с. 541. — 644 с.
 Выставки советского изобразительного искусства. Справочник. Том 5.1954—1958 годы. — М: Советский художник, 1981. — с. 48, 195, 387. — 964 с.
 Справочник членов Ленинградской организации Союза художников РСФСР. -Л: Художник РСФСР, 1987. — с.143. — 160 с.
 Ленинградские художники. Живопись 1950—1980 годов. Каталог. — Санкт-Петербург: Выставочный центр Санкт-Петербургского Союза художников, 1994. — с.4. Этюд в творчестве ленинградских художников.Выставка произведений. Каталог. — Санкт — Петербург: Мемориальный музей Н. А. Некрасова, 1994. — с.6. Лирика в произведениях художников военного поколения. Выставка произведений. Каталог.— Санкт-Петербург: Мемориальный музей Н. А. Некрасова, 1995. — с.6. Живопись 1940—1990 годов. Ленинградская школа. Выставка произведений. — Санкт-Петербург: Мемориальный музей Н. А. Некрасова, 1996. — с.4.Soviet Union Journal. - 1953: issue 2 (36). Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. - Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – pp.9, 15, 18, 20, 24, 27, 29, 31, 42, 90, 364, 389-401, 403-406, 414-424, 439. , . 1922 births
1992 deaths
People from Soligalichsky District
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Soviet painters
Socialist realism
Socialist realism artists
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Leningrad Secondary Art School alumni
Leningrad School artists
Repin Institute of Arts alumni
Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists

masks:
Vladimir Fedorovich Chekalov
Vladimir Fedorovich Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Cheka
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Chekalov
Vladimir Fedorovich
Chekalov


title: Salawat Yulayev

texts:
<mask> (; ; 16 June 1756 – 8 October 1800) is a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's Rebellion, warrior, poet and singer. Biography
<mask> was born in the village of Tekeyevo, in Shaytan-Kudeevsky volost of Ufa province of Orenburg Governorate (now Salavatsky District) of Bashkortostan. Tekeyevo no longer exists, as it was burned in 1775. <mask> was at the head of the Bashkortostan uprising from the very beginning of the country war of 1773–1775. He was seized by the Russian imperial authorities on November, 24th, 1774, and his father, Yulay Aznalin, was captured even earlier. Put into irons, they were sent to Moscow. Yulay Aznalin was a votchinnik (holder of patrimonial estate), a rich, intelligent and influential man.He was held in general respect among Bashkirs and was a Bauermeister (district foreman). The local authorities gave credence to him; his fidelity to Russian government could not be doubted. In 1768 the Orenburg governor prince Putyatin himself appointed Yulay as the foreman of the Bashkir command. But soon the merchant Tverdyshev, granted collegiate assessory rank, deprived Yulay Aznalin of his land to build Simsky plant and villages. The Bashkir land was falling to ruin, and so Yulay Aznalin and his nineteen-year-old son Salawat stood up under Yemelyan Pugachev’s banners. Ten months after Salawat's capture, in September 1775, he and his father were publicly lashed in those places where the largest battles with the Russian governmental armies took place. In that month they were both dragged by their nostrils, and their foreheads and faces were branded.On 2 October 1775, their hands and legs chained, Salawat and Yulay were sent on two carts under "protection" to the Baltic fortress Rogervik (nowadays the city of Paldiski in Estonia) for life. The transport with convicts passed Menzelinsk, Kazan, Nizhni Novgorod, Moscow, reaching Tver on 14 November and then continuing on through Novgorod, Pskov, and Revel and arriving finally in Rogervik on 29 November. The Baltic port Rogervik had been founded by Peter the Great. However, when participants of the Bashkir uprising arrived in Rogervik, the fortress was practically deserted. There was only a small garrison and small number of prisoners. Here Salawat and Yulay met their brothers-in-arms in struggle: Pugachev Colonel I.S. Aristov, Colonel Kanzafar Usaev, and others.<mask> <mask> and his father lived the rest of their lives in Rogervik. When Paul I ascended the throne, the commandant of the fortress Langel submitted an inquiry about moving the remaining participants of the Pugachev Uprising to Taganrog or to Irkutsk to a cloth factory. The resolution came from the Senate: The aforementioned convicts are subject to be moved… For their villainies they are banished by imperial command, and it is ordered to keep them in this port with possible caution that they could not run away." There was a special manifest on 17 March 1775 which was published by the late empress Catherine II. By her order all participants of the Pugachev revolt were to be imprisoned forever, and their names should "be condemned to eternal oblivion and deep silence." Under this manifest local authorities pursued everyone who pronounced the names of the freedom fighter rebels against Russian overlordship. Salavat was literate.He wrote in Old Tatar, which used to be a common written language for Turkic peoples in the Volga-Ural region. Documents signed by him have been preserved. Researchers believe that Salavat also spoke Russian. After all, he had to communicate with the rebels against Russian imperialism, with the Russian leaders of the uprising. In his army were people of different nationalities. And despite the ban on mentioning Salavat, the peoples of the region passed word-of-mouth legends and songs about Salavat. Family

By order of Catherine II it was forbidden even to mention the rebellion and its participants .Therefore, there is little documented information about them. The father of Salavat-Yulai Aznalin (Adnalin, Aznalikhin) was the leader (starshina) of the Bashkir Shaitan-Kudey yurt (volost, district). For loyal service and courage, Yulay Aznalin was awarded a silver sign in 1772. Bashkirs became part of Russia in the 16th century. By agreement with the tsarist government, the Bashkirs retained their lands. But they had to perform military service: they guarded the eastern borders of the Russian Empire, participated in the wars waged by Russia. Sometimes the contract was violated, part of the land was taken away, and the Bashkirs demanded restoration of justice, even raised uprisings.Bashkir uprisings took place especially often in the 18th century, as there were more frequent cases of violation of Bashkir rights, the seizure of their land for the construction of factories and for transfer to the nobles. Several years lasted Yulaya's lawsuit with the breeders Ya.B. Tverdyshev and I.S. Myasnikov, who illegally seized vast lands for the Simsky plant. The tsarist administration favored breeders. Yulai was fined 600 rubles (1 horse cost 10 rubles). Researchers believe that Yulai had 3 wives.The documents do not indicate the name of the mother of Salavat. Her name is Aznabika in folklore sources. They say that she was an educated woman and had a great influence on her son. After the teacher Nabi Kabiri, it was the mother who continued to educate her son. Russian folklore speaks of the older brothers of Salavat named Suleiman and Rakai. From the poetic works of Salavat and folklore sources, it was possible to find out that the hero had 3 wives. The eldest wife was the widow of a deceased elder brother, she already had children from her first marriage.He married her according to the ancient custom of the Bashkirs (Levirate). The letter of Salavat, written by him in the cell of the Ufa Magistrate on 7 May 1775, refers to one wife and two children. They were in the hands of the commandant of the city S. Myasoedov and General Freyman. Salavat asks his supporters to help them go free. Legends, traditions, songs

Legends and traditions peculiarly perpetuate the memory of their ancestors. Epic narrations about the events and people of a long past are called by Bashkirs riweyet, hikeyet, tarikh. Most of the legends are local.But the legends about the historical hero, poet and warrior Salwvat Yulaev survived in different areas (over 200 are recorded). Structurally, the legends about <mask> <mask> are diverse. Small stories have a purely informative function ("Mother of Salawat", "Death of Salawat's Family", "Dream of Salawat", "Salawat Bridge"). On the whole, among the legends, plot narratives (фабулаты) occupy a significant place. Depending on their vital content, they can be single-episode (for example, "Salawat and Karasakal", "Order of Salavat", "Salavat in our village"), or consist of several episodes (e.g., "Salawat and Baltas", "The Legend of Salawat- batyr "). There are texts where a song wedges in prose. In most cases, these are songs of Salawat himself.Thus the storytellers apparently wanted to emphasize the poetic giftedness of their hero. Most of the legends are dedicated to the glorification of <mask> <mask>, a description of his personal qualities. For example, the legend that Salawat killed a bear at the age of 12 (15 or 16) is still popular (bears still live in Bashkortostan). The people say that Salawat had ten qualities of a real hero ("Salawat", "Power of Salawat"). At a traditional folk festival (sabantuy), the very young Salawat wins martial arts, horse racing, running and others ("How Salawat was recognized as a batyr on Square"). According to legend, the extraordinary qualities of Salawat appeared during the years of the uprising of 1773–1775. The legends "Salawat Headquarters", "Salawat Scout", "Salawat Yulayev on Mount Imyantau" create the image of an intelligent, courageous military leader.The defeat of the rebel army is primarily due to the numerical superiority of the enemy. The legends about the capture of Salawat and his exile to Estonia in the Baltic forever ( for hard labor) are filled with deep pain of the people ("Why there are a lot of crystal in the mountains"). In the mountains of Bashkortostan there is a lot of crystal because they cried alone, with families and a whole village. But there are legends expressing hope for the return of Salawat. Sometimes Salawat comes to special saints (aulia) and warns them of something. To see Salawat in a dream- fortunately ("Salawat Form"). In different areas, toponymic legends have been preserved as the memory of the people ("Salawat places", "Cave of Salawat", "Bridge of Salawat", "Camp of Salawat", etc.)Among the legends there are many stories about the Salawat family, about his relatives ("Salawat's father", "Mother of Salawat", "Wives of Salawat", "The capture of Salawat", "Marriage of Salawat to a Russian girl", etc.). Folk stories about Salawat and his father Yulai brought to us the thoughts and views of people of the era of the uprising of 1773–1775 and subsequent times. Different peoples of the region have developed an understanding of the just nature of the demands of the rebels. The joint struggle contributed to strengthening the friendship of the peoples of the region. Even in distant Estonia (the place of the hero's hard labor), legends about Salawat are preserved. During a long oral existence, some traditions lost some concrete realities and were supplemented by fictional motives. For example, "Salawat-batyr" about the battle of Salawat with the "king" Kirmasakal («Kirma-sakal»-bearded).Several works on Salawat related to the epic genre (Bashk. Ҡobayyr) have been published. "Salawat-batyr", "Yulai and Salawat" give an idea of the hero commander himself and the reasons for the uprising. The epic "Baik Aidar-sesen" tells about the previous uprisings of the Bashkirs, the

masks:
Salawat Yulayev
Salawat Yulayev
Salawat Yulayev
Salawat
Yulayev
Salawat
Yulayev
Salawat
Yulayev


title: Salawat Yulayev

texts:
 atrocities of Murza A. Tevkelev against the Bashkirs. These stories had an important influence on the formation of the character of Salawat. The defeat of the uprising, the executions of leaders served as material for the creation of ballads- beyetes ( "Song of Salawat", "Unforgettable Salawat", "Salawat Yulay"). They reflect the people's love for their hero, longing for him, willingness to continue his struggle.A large number of songs about Salawat have been preserved. The people and Salawat are inseparable-  one of the main ideas of Bashkir songs. They are informatively rich, they mention battles, places of battles, the names of leaders of the uprising. These songs are grouped by Bashkir scholar Anur Vakhitov on three topics: “Salawat”, “Salawat-batyr”, “Salawat in penal servitude”. An old Russian song about Salawat was preserved in the Volga region ("Oh, you, goy, good fellow, Young Bashkir Salavatushka!"). The first collectors of Bashkir folklore about Salavat were Russian explorers of the region F.D.Nefedov, R.G. Ignatiev, D.N.Mamin-Sibiryak, M.V. Lossievsky (in the 19th century). Salawat's poems and songs

About 500 lines from the poetic heritage of Salavat Yulaev preserved to our days in written or orally. Salavat as a poet is also mentioned in traditions. In the village of Alka, Salavat district, a modern researcher Miras Idelbaev wrote down a text about the poet's written oeuvre: « My father says that Salawat always composed songs, bayits and, wrote them to paper and ... left them to people. He left them everywhere he went... He left them us as he drove past our Lake Yaltarakkul ....» (М.Идельбаев.Мужи, седлайте аргамаков... )

In the XVIII century, the oral literature of the Bashkirs existed in parallel with the written. Accordingly, Salavat's poems were created in two ways: he improvised (like Sesen), or he wrote on paper. 4 January 1774 The Military Collegium adopted a special decision on the destruction of documents of the rebels. During the fighting, the archives of the field offices of the most prominent military leaders of the Peasant War, including Salavat, were lost. However, several manuscripts of the hero poet and sufficiently rich information about him still survived in the archives.. The historian Abubakir Usmanov wrote: “For official characteristics, we do not see the living Salavat, lyric poet, warrior poet. The image of the living Salavat was preserved in the memory of the people, the Sesens carefully preserved the songs and poems of the poet” (А. Усманов.Поэт-воин. – Красная Башкирия. – 1948. -15 августа). For the first time, Salawat was called a poet by a researcher of the region R. G. Ignatiev, who studied archival documents. In studies of the 50-70s ( XX century) only seven verses of <mask> Yulaev published by R. Ignatiev were mentioned. «In the second half of the 19th century, manuscripts of verses by Salavat were stored in the (state)  archive or in the archive of any particular person, and they passed through at least 4 people (Ignatiev, Nefedov and their translators).This means that these poems were stored in accessible places for scientists»,- written by A. Usmanov in 1968 (А.Усманов. Некоторые сведения о биографии Салавата Юлаева. – Совет Башкортостаны. -1968. – 22 мая). Salavat's fiery speeches, his poems did not leave people indifferent, inspired them to fight. “According to the Bashkirs of Verkhneuralskiy, the songs of Salavat himself,” wrote the local historian R. Ignatiev, “always ignited the courage of his soldiers ... Salavat's songs, like improvisation, remained unknown” (Manuscript of the collection of R. Ignatiev «Сказания, сказки и песни, сохранившиеся в рукописях татарской письменности и в устных пересказах у инородцев-магометан Оренбургского края», опубликованного в «Записках Оренбургского отдела ИРГО».– ГАОО. -Ф.163.-Оп.1. -Д. 22.-Л. 29). The poet P. M. Kudryashov in his letter to P. P. Svinyin (publisher of the journal "Domestic Notes") writes about the three verses of Salawat that he found and translated into Russian. Separate pages of the manuscript of the researcher F. D. Nefedov “Salavat, Bashkir Batyr” are stored in the state archive (ЦГАЛИ Ф.342. – оп. 2. – д. 73). This essay was published in 1880 in the journal Russian Wealth. In it, the author cited the contents of the five poems of Salawat.Four of them coincide with the publications of R. Ignatiev. The translation was made in prose very carefully, while maintaining the meaning of each word. Researchers compared the literal translations of the verses and songs of Salawat discovered by Russian researchers in the 19th century with the lyrics and songs of Salawat preserved among the Bashkirs. The coincidence of the texts turned out to be complete, folk memory preserved the poetry of Salavat. The archive of the Ufa branch of the RAS contains several works of the hero poet, recorded by M. Burangulov (Ф. 3.- оп. 12.- д.445.- лл. 194–205 – на башк. яз.). Among them are “<mask>'s Song dedicated to the beloved girl Zuelaeykha”, “Salawat's Song dedicated to the Urals”, “Salawat's Song after being wounded”. They were provided by M. Burangulov in the 1920s by Gabit-sesen. <mask>'s Poems Published in the 19th Century:

 Filipp Nefyodov (Ф. Д. Нефёдов) in the essay "Salavat, Bashkir Batyr" (1880), 5 verses in Russian. Ruf Ignatyev (Р. Г. Игнатьев) in the work "The movement of the Bashkirs before the Pugachev riot; Bashkir Salavat Yulaev, Pugachev foreman, singer and improviser" (1893) 7 verses.In the Russian Empire poems by Salavat Yulaev were printed four times. Died
The last documented mention of <mask> <mask> is dated 1800. Till this time he stayed in bondage for twenty five years: "To Estland provincial board from Major Ditmar being at the Baltic invalid command. Being under my responsibility, convicted slaves 12 men which are in a safe state. Against the previous submitted register decreased: This month of 26-th date, convicted slave <mask> <mask> died about which I have the honor of reporting." Salawat died in penal servitude on 26 September 1800 (8 October Gregorian Calendar). Legacy

These words, attributed to <mask> <mask>, are perceived today as a confession of the strong batyr, who, exhausted by torture and interrogations, did not resign himself to his destiny.Regretfully, only a small number of documents remain about his life and fate, and the poetic works of Salawat, who personified heroism and poetic talent of the Bashkir people. Many things in modern-day Bashkortostan are named after <mask>, including a town, a cave, a hockey team, and the republic's State Prize. In 1940 a biographical film titled Salavat <mask> was made in the Soviet Union by director Yakov Protazanov. In 1954 composer Zagir Ismagilov and poet Bayezit Bikbay created the opera Salawat Yulayev. the order of Salawat <mask> of the Republic of Bashkortostan was established on 1 June 1998 (Постановление Государственного Собрания РБ от 1 июня 1998 года № ГС-400 «Об утверждении статута ордена Салавата Юлаева»)
 In 1954, the composers Husain Akhmetov and Nariman Sabitov ballet "Mountain Eagle". Its premiere took place in 1959 at the Bashkir State Opera and Ballet Theater, in which Rudolf Nureyev danced in 1953–1955. In 1919–1920, the political department of the Bashkir separate cavalry division published the newspaper « Salawat»   .During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945) were named  «Salawat Yulayev» : fighter anti-tank artillery regiment, armored train and other units. The image of <mask> <mask> is immortalized in Bashkir and Russian folk art, in the works of Russian, Bashkir, Tatar, Kazakh, Chuvash, Udmurt and Mari writers. <mask> <mask>'s days are celebrated annually in the Republic of Bashkortostan and neighboring regions. The republican folk festival "Salawat yeyeny" is held annually. The two-deck motor ship is named "Salawat Yulayev". The museum of Salawat Yulayev in the village of Maloyaz (Salavat district of Bashkortostan) stores a copy of the saber of Salawat <mask>. This saber without a scabbard, length 96 cm, width 3 cm, concave.Yellow copper pen with the image of a lion's head and jewelry made of small stones. On the blade is a slightly extinct inscription in Arabic, which scientists could not decipher. In the National museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan, visitors can see the saber of the Bashkir national hero <mask> <mask> Yulaev. In 1967, the largest equestrian monument in Europe was erected to <mask> <mask> in the city of Ufa. Biographers of Salawat

The biography of <mask> <mask> was studied by historians, local historians, writers and journalists:

Inga Gvozdikova, Victor Sidorov, Radik Vakhitov, Miras Idelbaev, Khairulla Kulmukhametov, Ihsan Zalyaletdinov, Tarhan Zagidullin, Wilmir Safin, Abuzar Saifullin, Stepan Zlobin. Salavat Yulaev is mentioned in the “History of Pugachev” by A. S. Pushkin. Inga Gvozdikova is a historian who collected and studied documents from the Peasant War of 1773–1775 (from the late 1950s).She wrote the first scientific, strictly documented biography of the Bashkir national hero <mask> <mask>. Why is the image of Salavat so carefully preserved in the memory of the people? From ancient times, the Bashkirs valued most of all the love of their motherland (the symbol is readiness to serve their people), freedom (its symbol is a special love for the horse) and poetry. A warrior, poet and singer Salavat Yulaev embodied all these qualities . See also
 Bashkir rebellions

Links
 https://culture.bashkortostan.ru/about/suborg/693/
 https://old.hcsalavat.ru › history › kto-takoy-salavat-yulaev

References

External links
 Poems By Salavat Yulaev
 The Website Of Salavat Yulaev

1756 births
1800 deaths
People from Salavatsky District
People from Orenburg Governorate
Bashkir people
Warriors of the Russian Empire
History of Ural
Poets of the Russian Empire
Male singers of the Russian

masks: Salawat Salawat Salawat Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev Yulayev Yulayev Yulayev Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev Yulayev Salawat Yulayevt Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev Salawat Yulayev


title: Tim Carpenter (fighter)

texts:
<mask> (born July 24, 1980) is an American mixed martial artist who last competed in 2012. <mask> was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania; the youngest of five kids. His father was a
public school social studies teacher and his mother worked at West Chester University. He was a very fat child and teenager growing up. At the age of 15 he began training in judo under PA State Champion Joe Condello who was one of Ishikawa sensei's top American students. Through his training in judo he began to lose weight and get in shape and began to compete in Judo competitions. He went on to become one of the top ranked junior judo athletes in the country placing second in the '97 USJI high school nationals, first in the '98 USJI National Junior Olympic championships, first place in the '98 Pa State Championship.His success in competition earned him an opportunity to train for a short time at the US olympic training center, living and training with some of the top athletes in the world. Mixed martial arts career

Judo and Jiu-Jistu
In 1997 he began training in Gracie Jiu Jitsu under Steve Maxwell and Phil Migliarese at Maxercise in Philadelphia. Maxercise was one of the first Gracie Jiu Jitsu academies in the nation and was frequently visited by Gracie family members, notably Royce, Rorion, Relson, as well as many of their top instructors. <mask> was awarded his blue belt in Gracie Jiu Jitsu by Royce Gracie after attending a seminar in Philadelphia and Royce watching him roll
with several more advanced students after only 4 months of training in jiu-jitsu. When Maxercise closed <mask> Gracie black belt Phil Migliarese. He was one of the original instructors at Balance Headquarters for several years as well as one of the top competitors for the team winning numerous grappling and Jiu Jitsu titles including:

2004 purple belt Pan American Jiu Jitsu Champion

2004 Arnold World Gracie Jiu Jitsu Champion Purple belt

2004 IBJJF US National Silver Medalist

2005 IBJJF Brown Belt USA vs. Brazil Champion

2005 Arnold World Gracie Jiu Jitsu Champion Brown Belt

2005 Gracie Worlds Submission Wrestling Champion

Multiple Time Grapplers Quest Champion

NAGA Champion

2007 Abu Dhabi Submission Wrestling world Championship Invitee and Semi Finalist

After years of competing in and winning some of the top Jiu Jitsu and Grappling competitions on the planet <mask> was awarded his black belt in Gracie Jiu Jitsu from Phil Migliarese and Relson Gracie. Early MMA career
After receiving his black belt, <mask> decided to pursue a career in MMA.He went undefeated in his first seven fights, winning the light heavyweight title for two separate organizations, and both the Sportfighting and Combat in the Cage light heavyweight belts belonged to <mask>. Bellator
Despite being undefeated in his first seven fights, he did not have an easy path. He fought and defeated three world class BJJ blackbelts including Guybson Sa, fellow American BJJ phenom Jamal Patterson, and Daniel Gracie. His victory over Jamal Patterson in Bellator 33 earned him a slot in the very first Bellator LHW tournament against Patterson's team mate and BJJ Blackbelt world champion Daniel Gracie. The fight lasted all three rounds, with <mask> dominating both the striking and grappling, scoring several knockdowns and close submission attempts on the Brazilian and earning him a hard fought decision victory and advancing to the next round of the tournament where he suffered an early stoppage loss to Christian M’pumbu. <mask> rebounded from this loss with a spectacular highlight reel Knockout victory over MMA veteran and D-1 wrestler Ryan Contaldi at Bellator 54. His next fight saw him fighting in the second Bellator LHW tournament, Bellator 71.<mask> won the fight via armbar submission in the second round. He was scheduled for an
undercard fight against the durable John Hawk, but earned a spot as a last minute replacement
when Richard Hale failed to make weight. He took on the hard hitting former heavyweight Beau Tribolet. He dominated the action in the first round before weathering a storm of hard punches in the second round to secure a text book armbar from the guard and earning a submission victory with only seconds left on the clock. His next fight was a decision loss to hulking American wrestler Travis Wiuff. After his last fight, <mask> decided to retire from MMA and open his own martial arts academy in order to share his knowledge with others. In his time as an instructor, coach, and mentor, he has helped countless people improve their lives and pursue their dreams through the martial arts.He has produced BJJ world champions, and successful grappling competitors, along with professional and amateur MMA fighters. His academy, Hellfish Mixed Martial Arts is not focused on producing cage fighters, but rather on helping people improve their lives through training in the martial arts.

masks:
Tim Carpenter
Background Carpenter
Tim
Timlson
Tim
Tim
Tim
Tim Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter


title: Brad Armstrong (wrestler)

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" James (June 15, 1962 – November 1, 2012) was an American professional wrestler, better known by his ring name, <mask>. He is best known for his appearances with the promotion World Championship Wrestling in the 1990s. He was the son of wrestler "Bullet Bob" <mask> and brother to professional wrestlers Steve, Scott and Brian. Professional wrestling career

National Wrestling Alliance and World Championship Wrestling (1980–1995)
<mask> started out in the National Wrestling Alliance's Gulf Coast territory, Southeastern Championship Wrestling in July 1980 at the age of 18. He was a face, or good guy, due to his good looks and superb wrestling ability. He feuded with Jerry Stubbs and Tom Prichard during his stay there and won the NWA United States Junior Heavyweight Championship there. <mask> moved to the NWA's Georgia territory, Georgia Championship Wrestling, in 1984, where he feuded with Tom McCartney, Ted DiBiase alongside his father Bob and then "White Lightning" Tim Horner, with whom he formed The Lightning Express.<mask>'s in ring ability allowed him to take great advantage of a mix of technical wrestling and explosive speed in his style. It was during this time that <mask> was involved in an angle with Tommy Rich. Rich was in a feud with Ted DiBiase. They had a "loser leaves wrestling" match that Rich lost. So, Rich put on a mask & came back as Mr. R. DiBiase insisted that Mr R. was really Rich. Then, on a TV match for Dibiase's NWA National Title, Rich visited announcer Gordon Solie during the match. Dibiase unmasked Mr R. to find that it was actually <mask>.In all of the confusion, <mask> pinned Dibiase to become NWA National Champion for his first of two times holding that belt. <mask> held the NWA National Tag Team Championship twice that year, once with his father, and once with Horner. All three returned to Southeastern Championship Wrestling in 1985, before eventually joining the NWA's Mid-Atlantic territory, Jim Crockett Promotions, in late 1986. <mask> feuded with Jimmy Garvin, locked horns with the Four Horsemen, and teamed with both his father and Horner at various times. In 1986, <mask> went on his first tour of Japan for All Japan Pro Wrestling, to take part in a tournament to determine the first World Junior Heavyweight Championship. <mask> made it to finals, but lost the match and the title to Hiro Saito on July 31. <mask> then moved to Cowboy Bill Watts' Mid-South Wrestling / Universal Wrestling Federation, in 1986 where he won The North American Heavyweight Championship from Ernie Ladd in 1986 and losing it to Ted DiBiase a month later.In early 1987, <mask> reunited with Tim Horner forming a tag team known as "The Lightning Express, winning the UWF Tag Team Championship from future superstars Sting and Rick Steiner. They then feuded with the "Sheepherders," later known as The Bushwhackers, Butch Miller and Luke Williams, to whom they eventually lost their belts. The Lightning Express then went back to Jim Crockett Promotions (which became World Championship Wrestling in November 1988) after the UWF was bought out by Crockett, but were not pushed, and Horner left for the WWF in late 1988. <mask> bounced between singles wrestling, temporary tag teams, and sorting out personal issues for much of the next few years. After teaming with a returning Tim Horner during the summer of 1990, <mask> announced on the August 4, 1990 edition of WCW Saturday Night that he would be forming a new tandem with Doug Furnas, and that they planned on challenging for the United States Tag-Team Championship. However Furnas would leave the company shortly thereafter, leaving <mask> to continue his Lightning Express partnership with Tim Horner and to also occasionally team with David Sierra and <mask>. In September 1990 he was split off as a singles wrestler again and rebranded The Candyman.Dressed in red and white tights and handing out candy to fans on his way to the ring, <mask> began to receive his first significant singles push in the new WCW. He went undefeated, pinning Dutch Mantell, Buddy Landell, and James Earl Wright over the next two weeks. At the 1990 Halloween Havoc, <mask> faced JW Storm (Jeff Warner), who was a recent addition to WCW and was also on an undefeated streak. The Candyman pinned Storm in what Jim Ross stated was an upset. The run finally ended on November 15, when The Iron Sheik upset The Candyman on a house show in Kansas City, Kansas. On Clash of Champions XXIII on November 20, The Candyman was defeated by the debuting Big Cat after the referee stopped the match. By the beginning of 1991 <mask> had dropped the Candyman gimmick and had reunited with Tim Horner.In January 1991 the Lightning Express faced The Fabulous Freebirds at a World Championship Wrestling TV taping, going to a double disqualification. They would also face Arn Anderson and Barry Windham and The Royal Family during this period. On February 24 at WrestleWar 91 <mask> was defeated by Bobby Eaton. In April 1991, the Fabulous Freebirds began speaking of a third member named Fantasia, who debuted at SuperBrawl I on May 19 to help the Freebirds capture the vacant WCW United States Tag Team Titles from the Young Pistols. <mask>, under a mask and covered in black feathers, would quickly have his name changed to Badstreet (the name was changed to prevent legal action from Disney). The three Freebirds then won the WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship, while Hayes and Garvin held the WCW United States Tag Team Championship. <mask> never revealed his Badstreet identity on television.As a result, he was able to interfere on behalf of both sides during the Freebirds' win over the Young Pistols for the vacant U.S. Tag Team Championship at SuperBrawl I, firstly as himself on behalf of the Pistols (who included his brother Steve) then later as Fantasia on behalf of the Freebirds, all within the space of the same title match. In September 1991, <mask> began to tour Japan with New Japan Pro-Wrestling, where he would tour Japan with ten times between 1991 and 1996. Later that year, <mask> was given another masked gimmick, Arachnaman, who bore such a strong resemblance to Spider-Man that Marvel Comics threatened legal action, causing WCW to quickly drop the character. On July 5, 1992, <mask> won the WCW Light Heavyweight Championship (also known as the second incarnation of the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship and the first incarnation of the WCW Cruiserweight Championship), by defeating Scotty Flamingo. He soon injured his knee during a tour of Japan in a match against The Great Muta in Sapporo, and was stripped of the title at the Clash of the Champions XX two months later. He returned weeks later, and remained with the company until early 1995. <mask> returned in early 1995 teaming with Tim Horner wrestling on WCW Saturday Night and Worldwide.Smoky Mountain Wrestling and United States Wrestling Association (1995–1996)
In June 1995, <mask> joined Smoky Mountain Wrestling. By August, he'd split his time between SMW in Knoxville and United States Wrestling Association in Memphis. <mask> won both The USWA Heavyweight Championship (defeating Billy Jack Haynes on August 4, but lost it back to Haynes on August 7) and the SMW Heavyweight Championship three times (defeating Buddy Landel on August 12, losing it to Terry Gordy on October 20, regained it from Gordy on November 23, losing it to Tommy Rich on November 25, regained it on November 27, and lost it to Jerry Lawler on December 26) during his stay. After SMW folded in December 1995, <mask> wrestled regularly for the USWA until February 1996 when he returned to WCW. In December 1995, he toured Europe for Otto Wanz's Catch Wrestling Association, losing a CWA World Middleweight Championship match to champion Fit Finlay in the tenth round. Return to WCW (1996–2001)
<mask> eventually returned to WCW in February 1996. At Slamboree, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Dean Malenko for the WCW World Cruiserweight Championship, despite a highly technical match, before leaving in November 1996 to tour with New Japan Pro-Wrestling.Upon his return to WCW in the summer of 1997, <mask> had developed a heel turn, changing his look, sporting short hair and a goatee, and had developed a bad attitude and mean streak. By the end of the year, he developed a string of losses, which he claimed was blamed by the "Armstrong Curse". He lost to Goldberg at SuperBrawl VIII during Goldberg's undefeated streak. In 1999, he was repackaged as "B.A. ", a member of The No Limit Soldiers stable. After the group disbanded, he embarked on a feud against Berlyn, who attacked <mask>'s brother Scott and badmouthed the United States of America. The feud ran through Halloween Havoc, where <mask> defeated Berlyn.After Halloween Havoc, Vince Russo forced <mask> to find a gimmick. He was later given the gimmick of "Buzzkill", as a hippie with a Tie-dye shirt and a takeoff of his brother Brian's gimmick, Road Dogg. As "Buzzkill," <mask> used an entrance theme similar to the one used by the New Age Outlaws in the WWF. The gimmick was less successful due to fans feeling it an imitation of the Road Dogg persona, as well as a lack of awareness that the two were brothers. He injured his knee in March 2000 in an accident backstage at a WCW Saturday Night taping, where <mask> got run over by Juventud Guerrera and Psicosis, severely injuring his knee. After going through knee surgery, his WCW contract expired as the company was bought by WWF in 2001, and he retired from wrestling. Independent Circuit (2004–2011)
After WCW was bought by WWE (WWF) in 2001, and quietly retired.He came out of retirement in 2003 and return to wrestling. His first match back was teaming with Greg Brown losing to Sonny Siaki and Masked Superstar on May 18 of that year in Columbus, Georgia. Wrestled in the independent circuit only in the Southeast in Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee. <mask> started teaming with his dad and his brother Scott winning a couple of tag titles. On February 19, 2005 he defeated George South for the EWA Heavyweight Title. In 2005 and 2006 the <mask>s feuded with the Midnight Express. Between 2007 and 2010 he feuded with Midnight Express member Dennis Condrey.In 2010, he began teaming with Ricky Morton winning the NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team titles defeating Chris Hamrick and Jeff Lewis. His last wrestling match was on February 12, 2011 where he lost to Kyle Matthews in Villa Rica, Georgia. World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE (2006–2012)
On September 12, 2006, <mask> signed a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment and began wrestling at ECW brand house shows against Eric Pérez and acting as a trainer to the younger members of the roster. In December, around the time rumors of ECW color commentator Tazz leaving the company began to circulate, <mask> began to make sporadic appearances as a "guest commentator" on the brand. The three-man booth, originally for a single match on the December 19 episode before expanding to a full show on January 9, did not last and <mask> resumed his role as a producer. While working as a producer for WWE, <mask> continued to wrestle for various independent promotions in the Southeast. At the same time, <mask> worked at a health store in Marietta and volunteered at Shiloh Hills Christian School in Kennesaw, performing various functions including serving as field trip monitor and assisting with car duty on campus.Death
On November 1, 2012, <mask> was found dead in his Kennesaw, Georgia home, after seeing his physician the previous week for an undisclosed medical issue. His former Lightning Express tag team partner and best friend Tim Horner speculated that <mask> died from a heart attack. <mask> was survived by his parents, brothers, his wife Lori Spranz (whom he married on October 17, 1998) and his daughter Jillian (born 2001). Eulogizing <mask>, Jim Ross described him as "one of the more talented in ring performers I've ever worked with...one of the most underrated all-time greats ever in the business." Championships and accomplishments
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Global Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Allen
Exodus Wrestling
Exodus Wrestling Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Georgia Championship Wrestling
NWA National Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA National Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with <mask> (1) and Tim Horner (1)
Mid-South Wrestling / Universal Wrestling Federation
Mid-South North American Championship (1 time)
UWF World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Tim Horner
NWA Rocky Top
NWA Rocky Top Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricky Morton
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
MACW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricky Morton
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Rookie of the Year (1982)
Ranked No. 270 out of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 2003
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
NWA Southeastern Continental Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
NWA Southeastern Tag Team Championship (5 times) – with <mask> (3), <mask> (1), and The Shadow (Norvell Austin) (1)
NWA Southeastern United States Junior Heavyweight Championship (3 time)
Smoky Mountain Wrestling
SMW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Tennessee Mountain Wrestling
TMW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Scott Armstrong
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCW World Six-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Michael Hayes and Jimmy Garvin
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Most Underrated Wrestler (1987)
Rookie of the Year (1981) shared with Brad Rheingans

See also
 WWE Cruiserweight Championship (1991–2007)
 List of WWE Cruiserweight Champions (1991–2007)

Notes

External links

1962 births
2012 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
Masked wrestlers
Sportspeople from Marietta, Georgia
Professional wrestlers from Georgia (U.S. state)

masks:
Robert Bradley
Brad
Brad Armstrong
Armstrong
Brad Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Brad
Brad
Armstrong
Brad
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Brad Anderson
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Brad
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Bob Armstrong
Bob Armstrong
Scott Armstrong