title: Yuki Kashiwagi

texts:
is a Japanese idol, singer and actress. She is a member of the Japanese idol girl group AKB48 and a former member of NMB48 and NGT48. She auditioned for AKB48 on December 3, 2006, and is now a member of AKB48's Team B. She was previously the captain of Team B before she was replaced by Ayaka Umeda as the captain. She was also a member of AKB48 sub-group French Kiss. Her talent agency is Watanabe Productions. Her nickname is Yukirin.In the annual AKB48 general elections, <mask> has consistently ranked among the group's top members. She placed ninth in 2009, eighth in 2010, third in 2011 and 2012, fourth in 2013, third in 2014, second in 2015 and fifth in 2016. Career

<mask> was born in Kagoshima. She joined AKB48 after an audition on December 3, 2006, and made her debut as a member of Team B at the "AKB48 1st Anniversary Live – Seizoroi da ze! AKB!" concert. Before her theater debut, as part of the "AKB48 Haru no Chotto Dake Zenkoku Tour – Madamada da ze 48" tour, she appeared in Yuko Oshima's position on March 17 at the Aichi Welfare Pension Hall and on March 18 at the Fukuoka International Conference Hall.Her first AKB48 theater performance as a Team B member was on April 4, 2007. On March 25, 2009, she joined Watanabe Productions. On April 25, 2009, she became a weathergirl on Tokyo Broadcasting System TV's "Hiruobi". She came 9th place in the member elections for the single "Iiwake Maybe" and was made captain of Team B on August 23, 2009. Her first solo photobook was released on September 20, 2009. In 2010, she was made a member of three-piece AKB48 sub-group French Kiss. During the AKB48 third general election in 2011, she was ranked third place by popular votes, after Yuko Oshima and Atsuko Maeda.Umeda Ayaka replaced Kashiwagi as the Captain of Team B, during the reformation of teams at the Tokyo Dome Concert held on August 24, 2012. On February 6, 2013, Kashiwagi made a solo debut on her personal label "YukiRing", with the single "Shortcake". In the annual general elections held in 2013, Kashiwagi came in fourth place with a total of 96,905 votes. She then released her second solo single, "Birthday Wedding" on October 16, 2013. In AKB48 Group Daisokaku Matsuri, held February 24, 2014, she became a member of NMB48's Team N while remaining in AKB48's Team B. She made her first appearance as a member of NMB48 during the group's solo concert in Saitama Super Arena on April 5, 2014. She made her debut at the NMB48 theater on April 30, 2014.In the group's annual general elections in 2014, Kashiwagi came in third place with a total of 104,364 votes. Kashiwagi received her first center position for the group's 39th single, Green Flash since her debut in 2006. This single has two centers, the other center being Haruna Kojima. On March 26, 2015, it was announced that she would release from her concurrent position in NMB48, and hold a concurrent position in NGT48 which is planned to be formed in 2015. She placed No.2 in the AKB48 general election in 2015, and was selected for the 41st single senbatsu members. On April 17, she announced that she was withdrawing from NGT48, with a final performance at Team NIII's concert on April 21, 2019. On April 9, 2021, it was announced that Kashiwagi would temporarily join all seven current WACK groups as a member, with the stage name <mask> Reysole.On August 31, all seven WACK groups will release a single each, all of which will feature Kashiwagi. The release of the singles was later delayed indefinitely following Kashiwagi's diagnosis of Syringomyelia. All seven of the singles were released on November 30. On June 9, 2021, it was announced that Kashiwagi will be undergoing spinal cord surgery. As a result, her solo concerts for July 7-8 have been postponed. Discography

Singles

As solo artist

Collaborations

Stage units

 Team B 1st Stage (Seishun Girls)
 Kinjirareta Futari
 Fushidara na Natsu

Team B 2nd Stage (Aitakatta)
 Namida no Shonan
 Rio no Kakumei
 Koi no Plan
 Senaka Kara Dakishimete

Team B 3rd Stage (Pajama Drive)
 Temodemo no Namida

Team B 4th Stage (Idol no Yoake)
 Kuchi Utsushi no Chocolate

Team B 5th Stage (Theater no Megami)
 Yokaze no Shiwaza

Umeda Team B Waiting Stage
 Namida ni Shizumu Taiyou

Team B 3rd Stage (Pajama Drive) – REVIVAL
 Junjou Shugi

Team N 4th Stage (Koko ni Datte Tenshi wa Iru)
 Zipper
 Hajimete no Hoshi
 100nen Saki Demo

Appearances

Dramas
 "Home Page" (1999)
 "My Generation" (2000)
 "Yi jian zhong qing" (2000)
 "e-Dreams" (2001)
 "The Believer" (2001)
 "San Yuan Li" (2003)
 "Seoul Train" (2004)
  (2010) – Black
  (2011) – Kashiwagi Yuki
  (2011) – Black
  (2011) – Kishinosato Juri
  (2013) – Kashiwagi Yuki
 "So long!" (2013) – Goto Midori
  (2013) – Inoue Sae
  (2013) – Ejima Chihiro
  (2013)
  (2013) – Ayukawa Tamaki
  (2014) – Miki
  (2015) – Black (ep.2)
  Ep.13 - Rapidly (2015) – Sana
  Ep.1 - First Time in the Morning (2016) – Miki Kirimoto
  (2016) – Kashiwagi (Anago) (ep.4 - 5)
 Segodon (2018) – Saigō Sono

Variety
  (2008)
  (2008)
 "AKBingo!"(2008-2019) (Irregular appearances)
  (2009- )
  (2009- ) (Irregular appearances)
  (Irregular appearances)
 "AKB48 SHOW!" (2013-2019)
  (2014-2015)

Anime
 Tales of the Abyss (October, 2008 – March, 2009, MBS)
 Sket Dance (April, 2011 – March 2012, TV Tokyo)

Musicals
 ∞・Infinity (2009) – Takashima Maria (Double cast with Minami Takahashi)

Radio
 AKB48 Ashita Made Mou Chotto (April 28, 2008 –, Nippon Cultural Broadcasting)
 ON8 (April 20, 2009 –, bayfm)
 Holiday Special bayfm meets AKB48 3rd Stage ~Real~ (September 15, 2008, bayfm)
 AKB48 Konya wa Kaeranai (November 29, 2008 – Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting)
 Kashiwagi Yuki no YUKIRIN TIME (2012- )
 AKB48 no All Night Nippon (Irregular appearances)
 Listen? ~Live 4 Life~ (Irregular appearances)
 ON8+1 (Irregular appearances)

Concerts
 with AKB48
 AKB48 Request Hour Set List Best 100 (January 21–24, 2008)
 Live DVD wa Derudarou kedo, Yappari Name ni Kagiruze (August 23, 2008)
 AKB48 Masaka, Kono Concert no Ongen wa Ryuushutsu shinai yo ne? (November 23, 2008)
 End of the Year Thanksgiving: We're going to shuffle AKB! Give your regards to SKE as well (20 December 2008)
 AKB48 Request Hour Set List Best 100 2009 (January 18, 2009)
 AKB48 Bunshin no Jutsu Tour (August 15, 2009)
 AKB48 Natsu no Saruobasan Matsuri (September 13, 2009)

 Solo
 Kashiwagi Yuki 3rd Solo Live Nete no Samete mo Yukirin World ~Motto Muchuu ni Sasechauzo♡~ (2013 concert, 2014 DVD/BD)

Bibliography

Magazines
 Weekly Young Jump, Shueisha 1979-, since 2010

Photobooks
 Kashiwagi Yuki First Photobook Ijō, Kashiwagi Yuki Deshita (September 28, 2009, Tokyo News Service)
 Kashiwagi Yuki Second Photobook Yu, Yu, Yukirin... (April 19, 2012, Shueisha)

References

External links

 , Kashiwagi's vanity label under Avex Group
 Yuki Kashiwagi profile at AKB48 Official Site
 Yuki Kashiwagi at Oricon

1991 births
Living people
Japanese idols
People from Kagoshima
AKB48 members
NMB48 members
NGT48 members
Avex Group artists
Musicians from Kagoshima Prefecture
French Kiss (band)
Watanabe Entertainment
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers

masks: Yuki Kashiwagi Yuki


title: William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley

type: original

texts:
<mask>, 2nd Earl of Dudley,  (25 May 1867 – 29 June 1932), was a British aristocrat, politician, and military officer who served as the fourth Governor-General of Australia, in office from 1908 to 1911. He was previously Lord Lieutenant of Ireland from 1902 to 1905, and also a government minister under Lord Salisbury. <mask> was the son of <mask>, 1st Earl of Dudley, and succeeded to the earldom at the age of 17. He inherited a substantial fortune and the palatial family seat at Witley Court. <mask> sat with the Conservative Party in the House of Lords, and was Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1895 to 1902. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland when Arthur Balfour came to power, and was regarded as a competent administrator. His time in Dublin led to his inclusion as a character in James Joyce's Ulysses.In part due to the urging of King Edward VII, a longtime acquaintance, <mask> was appointed Governor-General of Australia in 1908. His extravagance and pomposity made him unpopular among the general public, and his attempts to interfere in political matters rankled both prime ministers he worked with (Andrew Fisher and Alfred Deakin). Deakin regarded him as doing "nothing really important, nothing thoroughly, nothing consistently [...] very ineffective and not very popular". He was recalled to England after less than three years in office. <mask> took command of the Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars in 1913. He had first joined the army as a young man, and during the Second Boer War served with the Imperial Yeomanry. In World War I, <mask> commanded the Hussars for the initial stages of the Gallipoli campaign, but he returned to England before its conclusion.He was later attached to the headquarters staff of the 40th Division, and retired with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. <mask> had seven children with his first wife, and was succeeded in the earldom by his oldest son <mask>. Background and education
<mask> was born in London, the son of <mask>, 1st Earl of Dudley, and Georgina, daughter of Sir Thomas Moncrieff, 7th Baronet. He was educated at Eton. His father died in 1885 and he inherited nearly  of mineral deposits in Staffordshire and Worcestershire, two hundred coal and iron mines, several iron works (including the Round Oak Steelworks) and a substantial fortune, as well as the Earldom. He visited Australia in 1886–87 as part of a yachting cruise. <mask> became part of the social circle of the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), who attended his wedding to Rachel Gurney in 1891.He was appointed a deputy lieutenant for Worcestershire in 1893 and from 1895 to 1896 he was Mayor of Dudley. Early military service
<mask> joined the Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars as a supernumerary lieutenant on 18 April 1885 and was promoted to captain on 2 June 1888 and major on 23 September 1893. After the outbreak of the Second Boer War, he was seconded for service as a Deputy Assistant Adjutant General for the Imperial Yeomanry in early 1900, and left for South Africa in the SS Scot in late January that year. He was present at operations in the Orange Free State in February to May 1900. Some of the actions he was involved with were at Poplar Grove, Driefontein, Vet River, and Zand River. From May to June 1900 he was present at operations in the Transvaal. Some of the actions he was involved with were Johannesburg, Pretoria, and Diamond Hill.He then return to the United Kingdom, and in July to November 1900 he was involved with the suppression of the Irish troubles in Belfast. He was transferred from the Imperial Yeomanry to the Territorial Force on the latter's formation on 1 April 1908, and was seconded for service with the Colonial Office on 9 April that year, when he was posted to Australia. Political career

<mask> sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and served under Lord Salisbury as Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade from 1895 to 1902. After Arthur Balfour succeeded as Prime Minister, Lord <mask> was on 11 August 1902 sworn a member of the Privy Council, and appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. He was sworn in and formally installed as such in a ceremony at Dublin Castle on 16 August 1902, and was also appointed Grand Master of the Order of St. Patrick, as was customary for the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Through his years in Ireland, he displayed great extravagance but also some political and administrative ability. The Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903 and his cooperation with George Wyndham on a devolution scheme to deal with the Home Rule question were among important milestones.He is immortalized in Joyce's description of his Vice-Regal progress through Dublin in Ulysses. During his first visit to Belfast, in November 1902, he laid the foundation stone of the Belfast Municipal Technical Institute. Governor-General of Australia

As a Conservative, <mask> could not have expected preferment from the Liberal government which came to office in 1905, but King Edward VII pressed the Prime Minister, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, to offer <mask> the post of Governor-General of Australia. Campbell-Bannerman agreed, since there was apparently no suitable Liberal candidate available. <mask> was appointed on 9 May 1908 and arrived in Sydney on 9 September. He soon established a reputation for pomp, ceremony and extravagance which was unwelcome to many Australians, particularly the Labor Party and the radical press such as The Bulletin. Not long after his arrival, he found himself swearing in a Labor cabinet under Andrew Fisher, so the Labor Party's disapproval of his vice-regal style became an important issue.The new Governor-General soon found himself involved in another controversy. It was part of Labor policy to establish an independent Australian navy. The Liberal opposition, on the other hand, supported the campaign for Australia to raise money to build ships for the Royal Navy: the so-called Dreadnought campaign. So when <mask> made a speech in support of the Dreadnought campaign, he was straying into party politics, leading to a tense relationship with Fisher. In 1909 Fisher's minority government resigned, and <mask> refused him an early election. The Liberals returned to office under Alfred Deakin, solving <mask>'s immediate problems. But although Fisher was careful not to criticise <mask> in public, the Governor-General had acquired a reputation as "anti-Labor," which made him unpopular with half the Australian electorate.In April 1910 Labor won a sweeping election victory and Fisher returned to power. Relations between Governor-General and Prime Minister were soon once again frosty. <mask>'s insistence on maintaining two very expensive Government Houses, in Sydney and Melbourne, on travelling around the country in vice-regal pomp, and on chartering a steam yacht to circumnavigate the continent, infuriated Fisher, a frugal Scottish socialist. By October <mask> had recognised the impossibility of his position and asked to be recalled. He left Australia on 31 July 1911, unmarked by any official ceremony. Alfred Deakin wrote of him:

Later military service
On 20 January 1912 Lord <mask> rejoined the establishment of the Worcestershire Hussars, and on 10 November 1913 he was promoted to succeed Sir Henry Foley Grey as lieutenant-colonel commanding the regiment. By this time he was convinced that there was going to be another war in Europe and formed a permanent staff of instructors to train the regiment in musketry.When war was declared in 1914, the Worcestershires formed part of the 1st South Midland Mounted Brigade, under the commander of Brigadier E. A. Wiggin. The Brigade was ordered to Egypt and was based in Chatby Camp, near Alexandria, by April 1915. The brigade didn't see any action until they were ordered to prepare to fight as infantry in August. It was at this time that the men were sent to Suvla Bay, and took part in the Battle of Scimitar Hill on 21 August. The regiment were in support of the Anzacs in their attempt to break through the Turkish defenses. This attack failed miserably, and they were evacuated in January 1916. <mask> had already left the regiment on 22 August 1915, when he was seconded and posted to East Mudros as Commandant, where he remained until 23 November.In 1916, <mask> was attached to the headquarters staff of the 40th Infantry Division. He was transferred to the Territorial Force Reserve as a lieutenant-colonel on 23 July 1916 and relinquished his commission on 30 September 1921. Marriages and children

<mask> married firstly in 1891 Rachel Anne Gurney (born 8 August 1868), daughter of Charles Henry Gurney (born 5 November 1833), and Alice Prinsep, and maternal granddaughter of Henry Thoby Prinsep (1793–1878) and Sara Monckton Pattle (Calcutta, 1816–Brighton, 1887). Her sister Laura Gurney was the wife of Sir Thomas Herbert Cochrane Troubridge, 4th Baronet. They had seven children:

 Lady Gladys Honor Ward (born 1892, died 5 December 1961)
 <mask> Eric Ward, 3rd Earl of Dudley (born 20 January 1894, died 26 December 1969)
 Lady Morvyth Lillian Ward (born 1896, died 11 March 1959)
 Lt Col Hon Roderick John Ward (born 13 April 1902, died 2 October 1952)
 Lady Alexandra Patrica Ward (born 24 August 1904, died 7 July 1964)
 Gp Capt Hon Edward Frederick Ward (born 20 November 1907, died 1987)
 George Reginald Ward, 1st and last Viscount Ward of Witley (born 20 November 1907, died 15 June 1988)

Lady <mask> took an interest in medical welfare. In Ireland, in 1903, she set up the Lady Dudley Nurses scheme to serve isolated rural communities in counties Connemara, Mayo, Donegal, and Kerry. In Australia, in 1908, she set up a similar scheme which was a forerunner of the Flying Doctor service.On the outbreak of World War I Lady <mask> established the Australian Voluntary Hospital from doctors and nurse in London. She drowned on 26 June 1920, aged 51, while on a visit to Connemara. Lord <mask> remarried, on 30 April 1924, actress Gertie Millar, daughter of John Millar, . Lord <mask> died of cancer in London on 29 June 1932 at age 65 and was succeeded by his eldest son, <mask>. Gertie, Countess of Dudley, died in April 1952. The English actress Rachel Ward is his great-granddaughter. Honours and awards
Grand Master of The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick, invested as Grand Master on 16 August 1902, on the day he was installed as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and handed over the insignia when he resigned in December 1905.He was never appointed a knight of the order. GCB: Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath
GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
GCVO: Royal Victorian Order, Knight Grand Cross
Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, Knight's badge
Territorial Decoration, with a riband bar
Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee Medal for Mayors
King Edward VII Coronation Medal Medal
King George V Coronation Medal Medal
Queen's South Africa Medal, 5 clasps (Cape Colony, Johannesburg, Driefontein, Diamond Hill, Belfast)

References
Chris Cunneen, '<mask>, second Earl of (1867–1932)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 8, MUP, 1981, pp 347–348. Additional sources listed by the Australian Dictionary of Biography:
Dictionary of National Biography, 1931–40
'High Court of Justice: <mask>'s Separation Allowance', The Times (London), 7 Nov 1918, p 2
'Death of Lady <mask>', Times (London), 28 June 1920, p 16
'Obituary: <mask>', Times (London), 30 June 1932, p 16
C. Cunneen, The Role of the Governor-General in Australia 1901–1927 (PhD thesis, Australian National University, 1973)
Alfred Deakin papers, MS 1540/19/275 (National Library of Australia). External links

1867 births
1932 deaths
Governors-General of Australia
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army personnel of World War I
Deputy Lieutenants of Worcestershire
Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Members of London County Council
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting
People educated at Eton College
William
Worcestershire Yeomanry officers
Parliamentary Secretaries to the Board of Trade
Mayors of places in the West Midlands (county)
Politicians awarded knighthoods

masks:
William Humble Ward
Dudley
William Ward
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
William
Dudley
William Ward
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Lord Dudley
Lord Dudley
Lord Dudley
William Humble
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
Dudley
William
Dudley
Lady Dudley
Dudley
Lord Dudley


title: John Grubb

texts:
<mask>  (1652–1708) was a two-term member of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly and was one of the original settlers in a portion of Brandywine Hundred that became Claymont, Delaware. He founded a large tannery that continued in operation for over 100 years at what became known as Grubb's Landing. He was also one of the 150 signers of the Concessions and Agreements for Province of West Jersey. Born in Stoke Climsland, Cornwall, he was the 4th son of <mask>. and Wilmot (maiden name unknown). Henry was an early Quaker who was imprisoned several times for his beliefs. With no chance of being established in his home village, <mask> and his older brother Henry emigrated to the West Jersey colony in 1677 on the Kent, the first ship of settlers organized by William Penn. While he arrived without the funds required to buy his own land, by 1682, he earned enough money to acquire a one-third interest in a  tract on Naaman's Creek in Brandywine Hundred where he built his tannery.<mask> was one of the early settlers who greeted William Penn in 1682 when he arrived in New Castle before he founded Philadelphia. Ultimately Penn and <mask> clashed over property they jointly owned and were unable to settle the dispute in their lifetimes. In the early 1700s, <mask> moved to Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania where he died in 1708. At that time, <mask> owned 500 acres, which was typical of the early settlers to the Delaware Valley. He was survived by his wife, Frances and nine children. The <mask> Family extensively researched her origins and concluded that there is no primary evidence that establishes her maiden name or when they were married. Biography

Early years in Cornwall
The Grubb family was first recorded in Stoke Climsland, Cornwall in 1329 and over the centuries lived in the small village as tenant farmers and trades people.<mask>'s father, <mask> Jr. (1617 - bef 1677) was a butcher who rented a small piece of land. He was also an early Quaker who was imprisoned in January 1663/4 for his beliefs. He had eight known children, including at least seven with his second wife, Wilmot (maiden named unknown)(c.1625 - 1698). Christened in Stoke Climsland on August 16, 1652, <mask> was Henry's fourth known son. In his youth, <mask> apprenticed as a tanner with the Hawkins family, Stoke Climsland Quakers closely associated with the <mask> family. 1677 - Sailing on the Kent
By the mid-1670s, the Society of Friends faced a crisis: two-thirds of Quaker children were migrating to the cities and leaving the church because Quaker parents found it too expensive to establish their children when they came of age. To Quaker leaders including William Penn, the solution was to create a colony across the Atlantic in West Jersey where land could be made available inexpensively.Settlement of West Jersey began in 1675 when Major <mask>, one of the two original Quaker purchasers of West Jersey, sailed on the Griffen and founded Salem, across the river from New Castle, Delaware. Fenwick quickly experienced problems with almost everyone including Edward Byllynge (the other purchaser of West Jersey), and Governor Andros in New York. A number of the Salem settlers became disenchanted with Fenwick and relocated across the Delaware to the Brandywine region on the modern border between Pennsylvania and Delaware. William Penn was appointed as trustee to settle Byllynge's financial difficulties and decided to organize settlers to populate Byllynge's portion of West Jersey. Penn sent letters to Quaker Meetings announcing his intention to lease ships beginning with the Kent leaving in the late spring of 1677. By 1677, <mask>'s father was dead and his widow, Wilmot, lived with her oldest son, Anthony and his family. <mask> finished his apprenticeship about the time the small Quaker Meeting in Stoke Climsland heard about William Penn's plans for West Jersey.The Meeting organized a small contingent of young adults from Stoke Climsland to sail on the Kent. The fare was high: five pounds, but for only another five pounds <mask> could buy enough land in the Delaware Valley for a tannery and a decent sized farm. <mask>'s brother Henry could not pay the fare and agreed to become an indentured servant for three years. After picking up passengers from the Yorkshire port city of Hull, the Kent sailed from London in late spring with 230 settlers and landed outside of Salem. While some of the Kent's passengers settled in Salem, most remained with the ship when it sailed up the Delaware River and established Burlington, West Jersey. Henry and <mask> and the rest of the Stoke Climsland group remained in Salem. Penn himself remained in England for another five years.Shortly after the arrival of the Kent, <mask> became one of the 150 individuals involved with the West Jersey venture to sign the West Jersey Concessions and Agreements. Largely based on the ideas of Edward Byllynge, a radical republican, West Jersey's governing document was one of the most democratic constitutions of the colonial period. In August 1676, the trustees and the proprietors first signed this constitution in London. A year later, the resident proprietors and other West Jersey inhabitants signed the constitution just after the Kent arrived. The fact that <mask> was one of the signatories was not unusual because almost every free adult male in the colony at that time also signed. However, as an indentured servant, <mask> was not one of the signatories. After he finished his three-year indenture, Henry moved to Burlington where he opened a tavern and became an elected official.He was survived by two daughters. 1678 - 1681
In 1678, Robert Wade, one of the Griffen settlers who left Salem for Brandywine, purchased 500 acres on the south side of Upland Creek. That July, <mask> and his friend Richard Buffington entered into an agreement with Wade to farm this property. Upland was a small settlement across the river from Salem and several miles north of the modern border between Delaware and Pennsylvania. At that time, the European population of the entire Brandywine region including Upland consisted of only several hundred, mostly Dutch and Swedes. Wade erected a large house that became the first regular meeting place for Quakers in what was to become Pennsylvania. The next year, <mask> and Buffington used their earnings to acquire their own property.On November 25, 1679, they recorded at Upland Court their joint purchase of a  tract on the southwest side of Upland Creek adjacent to Wade's property. Wade also wanted this property. While William Penn had not yet received the charter for Pennsylvania, by 1680 Penn's intentions were commonly known. Upland was the leading candidate to become the capital of Penn's colony and the Upland Creek tract would have become prime property. Wade accused Grubb and Buffington of breach of contract and embezzling his grain. After arbitration failed, the court at New Castle heard the charges in December 1680, and the jury found for the defendants, Grubb and Buffington. This didn't end the matter, and shortly thereafter Wade was in possession of the Grubb-Buffington tract.Gilbert Cope speculates that they transferred their property to Wade in repayment of some debt. However, this seems improbable because <mask> and Buffington won the court case. It is more likely that Wade made Grubb and Buffington an attractive offer for the property. While Wade made an attempt to convince William Penn's agents to establish the new colony's capital at Upland, Penn announced his decision to establish Philadelphia further upriver. As a result, Wade's tract did not become as valuable as Wade had hoped. <mask>'s dispute with Robert Wade is probably the reason there has been considerable confusion concerning <mask>'s religion. All of his known actions until this dispute suggest that he was a Quaker until then.He probably became an inactive Quaker about 1680 because Wade was the most prominent Quaker on the west side of the Delaware River and the only meeting place was in his house. Grubb's Landing, Delaware
After selling the tract in Upland, <mask> acquired a one-third interest in a  tract on the Delaware River at Naaman's Creek in modern Claymont, Delaware just south of Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania. This tract was jointly owned with two Dutchmen, Isaac Savoy and David Bilderbeck. The Naaman's Creek tract was the beginning of what would be the <mask> family's homestead for almost 300 years. Buffington acquired his own tract on Brandywine Creek in East Bradford, Pennsylvania. William Penn was granted the charter for Pennsylvania in 1681, and sailed from England the next year. Just before he left, Penn purchased Delaware from the Duke of York because the Duke decided that it was too troublesome to administer Delaware from New York.Penn arrived at New Castle on October 29, 1682 and was met by a group of early settlers, including <mask>. One of the early tasks of the new colony was to record tracts owned by the few settlers already in the area. On September 19, 1682, even before Penn arrived, a survey was made of the Naaman's Creek property for <mask> and his partners. This survey did not subdivide the property between the three partners, and later this was to cause considerable problems with William Penn. The survey was confirmed by a warrant dated April 26, 1684. Today, this area appears on the map as Grubb's Landing, although <mask>'s sons probably established the landing itself after his death. A modern street down to the river from Route 13 is named Grubb's Landing Road.<mask>'s original house was rebuilt in 1783 by this great grandson, Amer <mask> and today is the administrative building for the Holy Rosary Church in Claymont. Another street in the area named Grubb Road ran along the southern side of Naaman's Creek. The eastern half of this street from Route 13 to Arden became Harvey Road in 1887, but the portion west of Arden still retains its original name for several miles. <mask>'s next land transaction was recorded on September 3, 1691 involving a  tract purchased from Thomas Gilpin adjacent to the Naaman's Creek tract. Here <mask> built his tannery that became the center of a substantial tanning industry that lasted in the area until the nineteenth century. Family
By the time <mask> moved to Naaman's Creek, he was married to his wife, Frances. They had nine children: <mask> (1682–1767), <mask> (1684–1758), <mask> (c1684 - 1747), Charity Beeson (1687–1761), Phebe Buffington (c1690 - 1769), <mask> (c1692 - 1770), <mask> (c1693 - 1760) and <mask> (1702–1754).<mask>'s obituary in Penn's Gazette eighty-six years later reported that his parents lived in a cave along the banks of the Delaware River until <mask> finished their house, and that Emanuel was born in this cave. The story also claims that Emanuel was the first child of English parents born in Delaware. However, Gilbert Cope indicates that at least six children of English parents were born in the area before Emanuel. The story about the cave seems improbable because <mask> already lived on the Naaman's Creek tract for a year or so by the time Emanuel was born. It is sometimes held that <mask>'s wife was Frances Vane, daughter of Sir Henry Vane, the second governor of Massachusetts. That belief, promulgated by Judge Ignatius <mask> in 1893, has endured and

masks:
John Grubb
Henry Grubb Jr
John
John
Grubb
John Grubb
John
Grubb
John
Henry Grubb
John
John
Grubb
John Fenwick
John
John
John
John
John Grubb
John Grubb
John
Henry Grubb
John Grubb
Grubb
Grubb
John
John
John
Grubb
John Grubb
John Grubb
John
Grubb
Grubb
John
John
John
Emanuel Grubb
John Grubb
Joseph Grubb
Henry Grubb
Nathaniel Grubb
Peter Grubb
Emanuel Grubb
John
John
John Grubb
Grubb


title: John Grubb

texts:
 continues today. However, Henry Vane's daughter Frances was buried in Kent County, England on June 4, 1683.After extensive research of the issue, the <mask> Family concluded that there is no primary evidence that <mask> was Sir Henry Vane's daughter. Political career
<mask> began his political career in 1692 when he was elected to a one-year term in the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from New Castle County including Brandywine Hundred. The major issue that year was a dispute between the three lower counties (that ultimately became Delaware) and the rest of Pennsylvania over the need for military defenses. The Nine Years' War with the French had started three years earlier. The lower counties, where Quakers were a minority, strongly supported defense construction. They were opposed by the upper counties that were solidly Quaker and did not feel exposed to a potential threat from the French fleet. A tax to construct defenses was proposed, but rejected by the Assembly.The next year, <mask> did not return to the Assembly and was appointed a Justice of the Peace. He was also responsible for tax collection and his own property was assessed at 200 pounds: an amount which one source termed, moderately substantial. In 1698, <mask> was elected to the Assembly for his second term. Dispute with William Penn
From the beginning of the colony, Penn planned several  manors for his heirs. One of these manors, known as the Rocklands, was to be in Brandywine Hundred including the Naaman's Creek area. Penn purchased a  tract from Judge William Stockdale of New Castle, and traded land in West Jersey for Isaac Savoy and David Bilderbeck's portion of the tract they owned jointly with <mask>. <mask> refused Penn's similar offer to relocate.Further, <mask> took the position that because he already lived on the land, that he should have first choice of which  portion he would receive in the subdivision. This would have resulted in an irregular property line that was unacceptable to Penn. As a result, the two never agreed on the line. In 1691 and 1692, Penn's agents complained that <mask> was making "daily Havock and Spoyle" of the timber on that portion of the tract claimed by Penn. In 1699, Penn returned to Pennsylvania after a fifteen-year absence. Upon his arrival, Penn ordered his young Secretary, James Logan to complete the establishment of the manors and resolve the property line dispute with <mask>. However, the matter was not settled and the dispute carried over into politics.In January 1700, Penn called a special session of the Assembly to deal with the piracy question. The sheriff of New Castle failed to collect the votes from the upper Brandywine Hundred area. <mask> along with Cornelius Empson, who was to have his own problems with Logan, led a petition drive to overturn the election results. On January 25, the Assembly met and decided that the sheriff should be rebuked, but that the session would start without holding a new election because the session was limited to just the question of enacting stronger piracy laws. That October, <mask> won a seat in the regular Assembly election. However, the voters in the southern part of New Castle County complained that they had not been notified, and the Assembly ordered a new election. This time <mask> was defeated.At Penn's request, the Assembly recodified the colony's laws but failed to address the defense issue. The upper and lower counties remained as divided as ever on the need for defenses. Delaware appealed directly to the crown and was granted its own independent legislature in 1704. Penn himself returned to England in 1701 and would never again visit his colony. Logan remained in Pennsylvania as Penn's agent. In a letter dated February 26, 1702, Logan instructed Isaac Taylor to resurvey Stockdale's plantation and divide Penn's portion of the Naaman's Creek tract from the land owned by "that troublesome man <mask>". However, <mask> objected to the resulting line and cut down the marked trees.Logan's letters of 1712 indicate that <mask>'s children still held the property, and that the dispute remained unresolved. Ultimately, the <mask> family not only retained the Naaman's Creek tract, but also acquired substantial portions of the former Stockdale property." Later life
By the early 1700s, <mask>'s oldest son, Emanuel became responsible for the tannery. One of Logan's letters indicates that <mask> suffered a serious illness during this period. On December 29, 1703/4, <mask> purchased eleven lots together with four and a half acres of woodland in Marcus Hook, which is just on the Pennsylvania side of the modern border and is only a few miles north of Naaman's Creek. <mask> and Frances, along with their younger children, then moved out of the Naaman's Creek homestead. <mask>'s house in Marcus Hook survived until 1989.On February 26, 1705/6, <mask> purchased two additional lots with dwellings at Marcus Hook, adjacent to his existing property. A year later, he also purchased a  Brandywine Hundred tract in modern Arden, Delaware, several miles inland from the river. His second son, <mask> came of age and settled as a farmer on this new tract that became known as "Grubb Corner". The <mask> family burying ground is located on this tract. After his death at age 56 in March 1708, <mask> was buried at the St. Martin's Episcopal Church cemetery in Marcus Hook. The original St. Martins was built in 1700, although the current structure dates to 1845. The deed stipulates that no Quaker be buried there.While this may have been relaxed later, it is unlikely that <mask> would have been interred at St. Martin's in 1708 had he been a Quaker at that time. <mask>'s widow, Frances remarried to Richard Buffington, <mask>'s old friend. They lived on the Brandywine Creek tract in East Bradford, Pennsylvania. The date of her death is not recorded but was before 1721 when Buffington remarried again. <mask>'s major asset at the time of his death was 500 acres, an amount typical of early Delaware settlers even though the average farm of the period only used eighty acres. Land was becoming more expensive and was selling for two pounds per acre improved and six shillings per acre unimproved. While Non-Quakers left a double share of their land to the oldest son, <mask> followed the Quaker pattern and gave equal shares of his land to each of his seven sons.It was not possible to divide his land because of the ongoing dispute with Penn. The formal division did not occur until 1761, by which time only two of his sons remained alive. There was an understanding among his sons concerning the use of this land and a more formal division only became necessary to establish the rights of the next generation. <mask>'s other assets were substantially higher than average because he was both a farmer and was engaged in the tanning trade. These assets were valued at 566 pounds, including debts of 303 pounds owed to him. <mask> left a cow and one-third of his personal estate to Frances and various amounts to his daughters. Notable descendants

<mask> (c.1693 – 1760) represented Chester County in the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly from 1749 to 1758.<mask> (c.1702 – 1754), the founder of the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty, discovered Cornwall Iron Mines and built Cornwall Iron Furnace, one of the largest ironworks in Colonial Pennsylvania, now a designated National Historic Landmark. <mask> (c.1730 – 1789) was two-thirds owner of the Cornwall Iron Furnace and colonel of the 2nd Lancaster Battalion during the American Revolution. <mask>, Jr. (1740 – 1786) was one-third owner of the Cornwall Iron Furnace and colonel of the 8th Lancaster Battalion during the American Revolution. <mask> Jr (1740 – c.1810) was an early settler in Charles Town, West Virginia who during the Revolution supplied over 100 barrels of whisky per month to his neighbor, George Washington. Henry Bates <mask>bb family's Mount Hope iron empire, which became one of the largest Pennsylvania iron producers in the mid-19th century. Jehu <mask> (c.1781 – 1854) was an early settler and Justice of the Peace in Stark County, Ohio, a War of 1812 veteran who served in the Ohio House of Representatives in 1828 and 1832. <mask> McCullough (1785 – 1848) represented Franklin County, Pennsylvania in the U.S. Congress from 1831 to 1835.<mask> Hussey (1802 – 1893) was a Pittsburgh industrialist who built the first Lake Superior copper mill and developed the process for making crucible cast steel. Samuel P. Heintzelman (1805 – 1880) was a Civil War General who commanded the 3rd Corps during the Peninsula Campaign. Charles Gilpin (1809 – 1891) was Mayor of Philadelphia from 1850 to 1853. Edward Burd <mask> Sr. (1810–1867) was a prominent fourth-generation member of the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
D. H. Starbuck (1818 – 1887) was a North Carolina lawyer and political figure who among his many political roles served as United States Attorney for the entire state, and then for the Western District of North Carolina after the state was divided into two districts. <mask>. Parke (1827 – 1900) was a Civil War General and later Superintendent of West Point. Edward Burd <mask>, Jr. (1841–1913) was a Civil War General, a candidate for Governor, and later Ambassador to Spain. After the war he joined the Grubb Family Iron Dynasty as President of the Lebanon Valley Furnace Company.Ignatius <mask> (1841 – 1927) was a political activist who became a Justice of the Delaware Supreme Court. William Irwin <mask> (1862 – 1935) was a Federal District Judge in Birmingham, Alabama who was appointed by President Hoover to the Wickersham Commission. George Grey Barnard (1863 – 1938) was a noted sculptor who founded the Cloisters collection that is now a part of the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art. J. Hunter <mask> (1870 – 1930) was President of the DuPont Chemical Corporation. Stuart Heintzelman (1876 – 1935) was a career Army officer who was promoted to Major General in 1931. <mask> Kent (1877 – 1952) was a noted classics professor at the University of Pennsylvania.J<mask> Alexander (1887 – 1932) was a prolific screenwriter who wrote over ninety films during the silent screen era. Edward Burd <mask> III (1893 – 1973) was President of the New York Curb Exchange during the critical period after the creation of the SEC. Warner Norton <mask> (1900 – 1947) was a Navy Commodore during W.W.II. Margaret Louise <mask> (1907 – 1963) was the first wife of L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of Scientology. Stanley Keller <mask> (1907 – 1990), better known as Stan Keller, was a well-known musician and big-band leader in the 1940s. <mask> Culin (1915 – 1963) was awarded the Legion of Merit for inventing the "Rhino Tank" used at Normandy during W.W. II. Warner Norton <mask> III (1948 – 2015) was an author on education economics and the David Garner Chair of higher education at Berkeley.Floyd Dale <mask> (born 1949) was the Democratic Caucus Leader in the Indiana State Assembly. References

External links

1652 births
1708 deaths
Burials in Pennsylvania
Farmers from Cornwall
Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
Members of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly
People from Claymont, Delaware
People from Stoke Climsland
People of colonial Pennsylvania
British emigrants
People of Cornish

masks:
Grubb
Frances Grubb
John
John
John
John Grubb
John
John
Grubb
John Grubb
John Grubb
John
John
John Grubb
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John
John
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John
Grubb
John
John Grubb
John
John
John Grubb
John
John
John
Nathaniel Grubb
Peter Grubb
Curtis Grubb
Peter Grubb
William Grubb
Grubbru
Grubb
Thomas Grubb
Curtis Grubb
Grubb
John G
Grubb
Cooper Grubb
Grubb
Grubb
Roland Grubb
. Grubb
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Curtis Grubb
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Grubb


title: Faustina the Elder

texts:
Annia <mask> the Elder, sometimes referred to as <mask> or <mask> (born on February 16 around 100; died in October or November of 140), was a Roman empress and wife of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius. The emperor Marcus Aurelius was her nephew and later became her adopted son, along with Emperor Lucius Verus. She died early in the principate of Antoninus Pius, but continued to be prominently commemorated as a diva, posthumously playing a prominent symbolic role during his reign. Early life
Faustina was the only known daughter of consul and prefect Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina. Her brothers were consul Marcus Annius Libo and praetor Marcus Annius Verus. Her maternal aunts were Roman Empress Vibia Sabina and Matidia Minor. Her paternal grandfather was named Marcus Annius Verus, like her father, while her maternal grandparents were Salonia Matidia (maternal niece of Roman emperor Trajan) and suffect consul Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus.<mask> was born and raised in Rome. While a private citizen, she married Antoninus Pius between 110 and 115. Faustina bore four children with Pius: two sons and two daughters. These were:
 Marcus Aurelius Fulvius Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. He is commemorated by a high-quality series of bronze coins, possibly struck at Rome, though their language is Greek. Aurelia Fadilla (died in 135); she married Aelius Lamia Silvanus or Syllanus.She appears to have had no children with her husband and her sepulchral inscription has been found in Italy. Annia Galeria <mask> Minor or <mask> the Younger (between 125–130 to 175), a future Roman Empress; she married her maternal cousin, future Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was the only child who survived to see Antoninus and Faustina elevated to the imperial rank. According to the unreliable Historia Augusta, there were rumours while Antoninus was proconsul of Asia that Faustina conducted herself with "excessive frankness and levity". Empress

On July 10, 138, her uncle, the emperor Hadrian, died and her husband became the new emperor, as Antoninus was Hadrian's adopted son and heir. Faustina became Roman Empress and the Senate accorded her the title of Augusta. As empress, Faustina was well respected and was renowned for her beauty and wisdom.Throughout her life, as a private citizen and as empress, <mask> was involved in assisting charities for the poor and sponsoring and assisting in the education of Roman children, particularly girls. A letter between Fronto and Antoninus Pius has sometimes been taken as an index of the latter's devotion to her. After Antoninus Pius' accession to the principate, the couple never left Italy; instead, they divided their time between Rome, Antoninus' favourite estate at Lorium, and other properties at Lanuvium, Tusculum, and Signia. <mask>'s personal style was evidently much admired and emulated. Her distinctive hairstyle, consisting of braids pulled back in a bun behind or on top of her head, was imitated for two or three generations in the Roman world. Several provincial groups chose to honour her while she was empress: a company of couriers in Ephesus named themselves after her, while a company of clapper-players in Puteoli dedicated an altar to her in her lifetime. Death and legacy

<mask> died near Rome in 140, perhaps at Antoninus Pius's estate at Lorium.Antoninus was devastated at Faustina's death and took several steps to honor her memory. He had the Senate deify her (her apotheosis was portrayed on an honorary column) and dedicate the Temple of Faustina to her in the Roman Forum. Because of this, <mask> was the first Roman empress with a permanent presence in the Forum Romanum. The Senate authorized gold and silver statues of her, including an image to appear in the circus, where it might be displayed in a carpentum (a kind of covered waggon) or currus elephantorum (a cart drawn by elephants). Antoninus also ordered various coins with her portrait struck, inscribed DIVA FAVSTINA ("Divine Faustina") and elaborately decorated. He also established a charity called Puellae Faustinianae ("Girls of Faustina") to assist orphaned Roman girls and created a new alimenta (see Grain supply to the city of Rome). Her remains were interred in the Mausoleum of Hadrian.Certain cities struck coin issues in honour of the "divine Faustina" (); the most notable such cities were Delphi, Alexandria, Bostra, and Nicopolis. Martin Beckmann suggests that the coins of Nicopolis might have been minted at Rome and given out as imperial largesse at the Actian Games. The coins issued in the wake of <mask>'s funeral illustrate her elaborate funeral pyre, which may have influenced the design of later private mausolea; the deities Pietas and Aeternitas, among others; and an eagle (or less often a winged genius) bearing a figure aloft, with the legend CONSECRATIO (i.e. Faustina's ascension into heaven). Coins of Faustina were sometimes incorporated into jewellery and worn as amulets. The posthumous cult of <mask> was exceptionally widespread, and <mask>'s image continued to be omnipresent throughout Antoninus Pius' principate. A colossal marble head, believed to be that of Faustina and discovered in 2008, figured as one of several monumental imperial statues at the ancient site of Sagalassos in today's Turkey.In Olympia, Herodes Atticus dedicated a nymphaeum that displayed statues of <mask> and other Antonines as well as his own ancestors. <mask> also appears on the Parthian Monument at Ephesus commemorating members of the imperial family. Bergmann and Watson have characterized the commemoration of Faustina as central to Antoninus Pius' political persona. One larger-than-life statue, discovered in situ near the Termini railway station at Rome, appears to depict Faustina as Concordia, with a patera and cornucopia; it would have been displayed alongside statues of Diana Lucifera and Apollo-Sol in baths privately owned but available to the public. Antoninus and <mask> were officially held up as such exemplars of conjugal harmony that newlyweds were directed to pray at an altar of Antoninus and <mask> that they might live up to their example. This was evidently the case in Ostia, and probably so in Rome. The Temple of Faustina is thought to have been dedicated in 144.It is a grand hexastyle structure with Corinthian columns, possibly designed originally to be a temple of Ceres. Depictions on coins appear to show a cult image of Faustina seated on a throne and holding a tall staff in her left hand. <mask>'s portrait on coins from this period is often crowned as well as veiled, which may also recall a feature of Faustina's cult image from the temple. The deified <mask> was associated particularly closely with Ceres, who featured prominently on coins of Faustina; for some years, the torch-bearing Ceres was the dominant motif in her gold coinage. Herodes Atticus venerated <mask> as the “new Demeter” (the Greek equivalent of Ceres) at a private sanctuary he established outside Rome, now the church of Sant'Urbano. In addition to Ceres, Vesta and Juno feature prominently in Faustina's coinage. She was also associated with the Magna Mater and at Cyrene with Isis; at Sardis she was worshipped conjointly with Artemis.Ten years after <mask>'s death, a new commemorative coinage was introduced, featuring the legend Aeternitas ('eternity'); such coins may have been introduced to be distributed at a public ceremony in her memory. After Antoninus Pius' death, his adoptive sons and successors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus erected the Column of Antoninus Pius, which dramatically depicted Antoninus and <mask> being elevated heavenward together on the back of a winged figure. <mask> continued to be commemorated in certain Renaissance depictions as a “model wife”. Notes

Sources

100s births
140 deaths
2nd-century Roman women
Deified Roman empresses
Year of birth uncertain
Annii
Augustae
Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo
Antoninus Pius

masks:
Galeria Faustina
Faustina I
Faustina Major
Faustina
Faustina
Faustina
Faustina
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Faustina
Faustina
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Faustina


title: Wang Shuwen

texts:
<mask> (王叔文) (born 753, died 806) was a Chinese economist and politician during the Tang dynasty. He was a close associate of Emperor Shunzong (Li Song) while Li Song was crown prince under his father Emperor Dezong, and was powerful during Emperor Shunzong's brief reign in 805, when Emperor Shunzong was severely ill. However, he offended the powerful eunuchs and further lost power when he was forced to leave governmental service due to his mother's death, and after Emperor Shunzong yielded the throne to his son Emperor Xianzong, Emperor Xianzong ordered <mask> to commit suicide. Background and service under Li Song as Crown Prince
<mask>wen was born in 753. His family was from Yue Prefecture (越州, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang). It was said that during the reign of Emperor Dezong, he became a reserve consultant in the imperial administration on the basis of his abilities in Go, rough knowledge in the books, and speaking ability. Emperor Dezong had him become a member of the staff of Emperor Dezong's son and crown prince Li Song.It was said that <mask> was, when he was having chances, bringing to Li Song's attention of the suffering of the people. At one point, Li Song was studying with several scholars who were teaching him in various matters, and they began to discuss one of the institutions of Emperor Dezong's court that was much criticized — "the Emperor's purchasing" (宮市), where palace eunuchs "bought" items for palace supplies, but effectively were forcibly taking things from merchants and paying either nothing or very little. Li Song indicated that when he had a chance, he would try to talk to Emperor Dezong to suggest ending the process. The scholars all praised Li Song, but <mask>, who was also present did not say anything. After the scholar had left, <mask> told Li Song that if he actually made such suggestions to Emperor Dezong, Emperor Dezong would suspect him of attempting to please the people. Li Song saw <mask>'s point and wept, and thereafter became more trusting of <mask>. Meanwhile, <mask> and another staff member of Li Song's, <mask>, who was known for his calligraphy, became close associates.As time went by, <mask>wen gradually recommended to Li Song a group of junior officials with reputations for abilities whom he believed could eventually be high level officials or generals, and whom he had befriended. Such junior officials included Wei Zhiyi, Lu Chun (陸淳), Lü Wen (呂溫), Li Jingjian (李景儉), Han Ye (韓曄), Han Tai (韓泰), Chen Jian (陳諫), Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Ling Zhun (凌準), and Cheng Yi. It was said that they would spend their days together in secret and that the contents of their deliberations were not openly known. Some regional governors, believing that this would be the next group of officials to take power, sent them gifts. By 803, this group was said to be powerful enough that, when they suspected another junior official, Zhang Zhengyi (張正一) of making negative reports about <mask>wen to Emperor Dezong, they had Wei accuse Zhang of being wasteful and engaging in partisanship. As a result, Zhang and his associates <mask> (王仲舒) and Liu Bochu (劉伯芻) were exiled without any publicly announced faults. During Emperor Shunzong's reign
In late 804, Li Song suffered a debilitating stroke that left him partially paralyzed and unable to speak.When Emperor Dezong died on February 25, 805, there were initially some eunuchs who suggested that someone else should succeed Emperor Dezong, but at the strong advocacy of the imperial scholar Wei Cigong (衛次公), Li Song's succession was not further questioned despite his illness. To show that he was still not completely incapacitated, Li Song was forced to personally show himself to the imperial guards, and he took the throne (as Emperor Shunzong). However, Emperor Shunzong remained seriously ill, and he was often attended to only by the eunuch Li Zhongyan (李忠言) and his concubine Consort Niu. Much of the decisions on important matters of state were entrusted to <mask> and <mask>wen, both of whom were named imperial scholar and was largely making decisions at the Hanlin Institute (翰林院). Under <mask>wen's recommendation, Wei Zhiyi was made a chancellor, and it was said that Wei, <mask>wen, <mask>, Li Zhongyan, and Consort Niu formed a group of decision makers. It was said that much authority were also delegated to Han Tai, Liu Zongyuan, and Liu Yuxi, and that <mask>wen was effectively the leader. His associates were also said to be praising each other and comparing each other to such great historical figures as Yi Yin, the Duke of Zhou, Guan Zhong, and Zhuge Liang.Many officials were being promoted and demoted based on their recommendations. Meanwhile, <mask>wen, believing that the key to getting the support from the soldiers and the people to affirm their power was control over the imperial treasury, had himself made the deputy director of finances, serving under the senior chancellor Du You. <mask>wen was said to be so insolent in his exercise of power that, at one point, breaching the protocol that chancellors were to have lunch together, he demanded that Wei meet him during lunch time — angering Wei's senior colleague Zheng Xunyu so much that Zheng went home and refused to exercise chancellor responsibilities from that point on. With Emperor Shunzong's severe illness, there was a popular sentiment among officials that Emperor Shunzong's oldest son Li Chun should be made crown prince as soon as possible. It was said, though, that <mask>wen and his associates — especially Consort Niu, who was not Li Chun's mother — were apprehensive about Li Chun, who was known for his being intelligent and decisive. One of the imperial scholars, Zheng Yin, however, directly proposed to Emperor Shunzong that LI Chun be created crown prince by writing the proposal on paper and showing it to Emperor Shunzong. After Emperor Shunzong nodded to show approval, Li Chun was created crown prince on April 26.At Li Chun's creation ceremony, <mask>wen was said to be so concerned about Li Chun's accession that, while he did not say anything directly, he was heard reading from Du Fu's poem about Zhuge — "He had not even succeeded in his campaigns when he died. This often caused heroes to weep onto their collars." Meanwhile, though, <mask>wen had begun to draw the displeasure of the powerful eunuch Ju Wenzhen (俱文珍). In summer 805, when <mask>wen, wanting to strip the control of the imperial Shence Army from the eunuchs, had the general Fan Xichao (范希朝) made the commanding general of the Shence Army soldiers at the western frontier with Han Tai as his deputy, the eunuchs were alarmed. Ju had <mask>wen promoted in title to be the deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎) — but stripped of his imperial scholar status, making it impossible for him to be making decisions at Hanlin Institute. <mask> tried to intercede, but was only able to have <mask>wen allowed to visit Hanlin Institute once every three to five days to continue to look over the matters of state. Meanwhile, the eunuchs, believing that <mask>wen was intending them harm by giving Fan the command, instructed the Shence Army officers not to yield to Fan's orders.When Fan reached the frontier, none of the Shence Army officers came to greet him, and he was forced to return to the capital Chang'an. When Han Tai reported this to <mask>wen, <mask>wen became distressed but was unable to think of anything further to do. Around this time, also, Wei and <mask>wen began to break with each other, as Wei wanted not to be seen as a puppet of <mask>wen's. For example, when Yang Shi'e (羊士諤), a messenger from Xuanshe Circuit (宣歙, headquartered in modern Xuancheng, Anhui), and Liu Pi, a messenger from Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan), made demands on behalf of their superiors, <mask> angrily wanted to execute both of them, but Wei opposed, and Yang was only exiled, while Liu Pi fled back to Xichuan. This incident created a substantial rift between <mask>wen and Wei. After Liu Pi returned to Xichuan, his commanding officer, the military governor of Xichuan Circuit, Wei Gao, further submitted a harshly worded accusation against <mask>wen and his associates. Wei Gao's words were soon echoed in petitions submitted by other regional governors Pei Jun (裴均) and Yan Shou (嚴綬), and it was said that <mask>wen and his associates were greatly distressed.Meanwhile, <mask>wen's mother had become seriously ill to the point of near death. <mask>wen, anticipating that he would have to leave governmental service to observe a period of mourning for her, held a banquet and invited the other imperial scholars, as well as Li Zhongyan, Ju, and another powerful eunuch Liu Guangqi (劉光奇), to try to defend his actions with these eunuchs, including his attempts to have Yang and Liu Pi executed and his attempts to reform the economic regulations. Ju was thoroughly dismissive, and it was said that as <mask>wen made each point, Ju would rebut each point. On July 19, when his mother died, <mask>wen left governmental service. It was said that after <mask>wen left governmental service, Wei Zhiyi further abandoned the alliance, drawing <mask>wen's anger and causing him and his associates to plan to have <mask>wen recalled to government to counteract Wei. <mask> submitted petitions to have <mask>wen recalled to governmental service and be made a chancellor, but none of <mask>'s petitions were acted on. <mask>, seeing that the situation was hopeless, feigned a stroke himself and resigned.After this, <mask>'s and <mask>'s associates began to be purged from government. Li Chun was soon made regent, and on August 31, Emperor Shunzong yielded the throne to Li Chun (as Emperor Xianzong). Death
Almost immediately after Emperor Xianzong took power — indeed, even before he was ceremonially enthroned — <mask> and <mask> were both exiled — in <mask>wen's case, to become the census officer at Yu Prefecture (渝州, in modern Chongqing). In 806, Emperor Xianzong ordered <mask>wen to commit suicide. Historical views of <mask>wen
The official histories of Tang Dynasty, the Old Book of Tang and the New Book of Tang, both charactered <mask>wen as conniving, power-hungry, and insolent. These characterizations were adopted by the Zizhi Tongjian. The only positive characteristic that they attributed to <mask>wen was a sense of duty and a desire to improve the imperial government structure.However, as observed by such historians as the Qing Dynasty historian <mask> (王鳴盛), <mask>wen was trying to reform the imperial government in such a way as to strip power from powerful eunuchs and warlords and restore it to the emperor. <mask>ng pointed out that there were a number of positive reforms carried out during Emperor Shunzong's brief reign that historians did not attribute to <mask>wen but which could only have been the result of <mask>wen's actions, including:

 Exiling of the mayor of the capital municipality Jingzhao (京兆), Li Shi (李實), known for his harsh treatment of the people. General pardoning of past taxes owed by the people. Forbidding of improper tributes to the emperor. Releasing of ladies in waiting from palace service. Recalling and posthumous honoring of several key officials who had been unduly exiled during Emperor Dezong's reign. Commissioning of Fan Xichao in an attempt to take back control of Shence Army.<mask>ng compared <mask>wen to an overly aggressive daughter-in-law who tried to correct her mother-in-law in important matters as soon as she was married — in other words, being attentive but being overly eager on his agenda, and believed that <mask>wen had committed no crimes. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 135. New Book of Tang, vol. 168. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 236.8th-century births
806 deaths
Economists from Zhejiang
Politicians from Shaoxing
Tang dynasty economists
Tang dynasty politicians from Zhejiang

masks:
Wang Shuwen
Wang
Wang Shu
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Pi
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Zhongshu
Wang Pi
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
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Wang Pi
Wang Shu
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Wang Shu
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Wang Shu
Wang Pi
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
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Wang Shu
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Wang
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Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Pi
Wang Shu
Wang Pi
Wang Pi
Wang Shuwen
Wang Pi
Wang Pi
Wang Shuwen
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Mingsheng
Wang Shu
Wang Mingshe
Wang Shu
Wang Shu
Wang Mingshe
Wang Shu
Wang Shu


title: Adnan Khashoggi

texts:
<mask> (, ; 25 July 1935 – 6 June 2017) was a Saudi businessman known for his lavish business deals and lifestyle. He is estimated to have had a peak net worth of around US$4 billion in the early 1980s. Family and education
<mask> was born in Mecca, to <mask>, who was King Abdul Aziz Al Saud's personal doctor, and Samiha Ahmed. <mask>'s sister was author <mask> who married businessman Mohamed Al-Fayed and was the mother of Dodi Fayed. Another sister, <mask>, is a well-known Arab novelist (Mirage, Nadia's Song, Mosaic). He was a paternal uncle of journalist <mask>. Khashoggi was educated at Victoria College in Alexandria, Egypt, and the American universities California State University, Chico, Ohio State University, and Stanford University.<mask> <mask> left his studies in order to seek his fortune in business. Business career

<mask>'s early years were spent among some of Saudi Arabia's most influential figures. "While attending school he met Hussein bin Talal, the future King of Jordan. It was at school that Khashoggi first learned the commercial value of facilitating a deal, bringing together a Libyan classmate whose father wanted to import towels with an Egyptian classmate whose father manufactured towels, earning US$1,000 for the introduction. <mask>'s subsequent education at university would serve as a launchpad for his commercial career." In one of his first big deals, a large construction company was experiencing difficulties with the trucks that it used on the shifting desert sands. Khashoggi, using money given to him by his father for a car, bought a number of Kenworth trucks, whose wide wheels made traversing the desert considerably easier.Khashoggi made his first US$250,000 leasing the trucks to the construction company, and became the Saudi Arabia-based agent for Kenworth. In the 1960s and 1970s, Khashoggi helped bring together Western companies and the Saudi Arabian government, to satisfy its infrastructure and defense needs. Between 1970 and 1975, Lockheed paid Khashoggi $106 million in commissions. His commissions started at 2.5% and eventually rose to as much as 15%. Khashoggi "became for all practical purposes a marketing arm of Lockheed. Khashoggi would provide not only an entrée but strategy, constant advice, and analysis", according to Max Helzel, then vice president of Lockheed's international marketing. A commercial pioneer, he established companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein to handle his commissions as well as developing contacts with notables such as CIA officers James H. Critchfield and Kim Roosevelt and United States businessman Bebe Rebozo, a close associate of U.S. President Richard Nixon.His yacht, the Nabila, was the largest in the world at the time and was used in the James Bond film Never Say Never Again. After Khashoggi ran into financial problems he sold the yacht to the Sultan of Brunei, who in turn sold it for US$29 million to Donald Trump, who sold it for US$20 million to Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal as part of a deal to keep his Taj Mahal casino out of bankruptcy. Khashoggi gained influence with U.S. President Richard Nixon by donating US$200 million to his 1972 political campaign, through a friendly bank circumventing existing laws that prohibited such large sums from American corporations to political campaigns. Similar arrangements allowed Khashoggi to gain influence with important people throughout the World. Khashoggi headed a company called Triad International Holding Company which among other things built the Triad Center in Salt Lake City, which later went bankrupt. He was famed as an arms dealer, brokering deals between US firms and the Saudi government, most actively in the 1960s and 1970s. In the documentary series The Mayfair Set, Saudi author Said Aburish states that one of Khashoggi's first weapons deals was providing David Stirling with weapons for a covert mission in Yemen during the Aden Emergency in 1963.Among his overseas clients were defense contractors Lockheed Corporation (now Lockheed Martin Corporation), Raytheon, Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation and Northrop Corporation (the last two of which have now merged into Northrop Grumman). Triad International

Triad International is a multi-national private investment corporation that was owned by Khashoggi. Its investments include many notable properties and businesses throughout the world. The company consisted of subsidiary companies, including Triad Management, Triad Properties, Triad Energy, Triad Technology, and Triad Financial resources. The global span of the businesses prompted the creation, by the Khashoggi family, of a board-game called Triopoly which was modeled after the classic game of Monopoly. The various game tiles represented properties and companies owned by Khashoggi and his Triad corporation. The game was manufactured and given to family and friends.Triad International was formed in the early 1960s and as it grew spanned five continents. The company holdings included hotels, shopping centers, banks, oil refineries, a computer manufacturer, a gold mine, construction companies, car and truck franchises, and the Utah Jazz, a professional basketball team. The company was headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, with its subsidiary companies located in the United States, Canada and Saudi Arabia. Khashoggi, through Triad, owned the Mount Kenya Safari Club, known as Ol Pejeta Conservancy, a several hundred acre reserve at the foot of Mount Kenya, San Francisco Town Center East, US; a US$250 million property; Long Beach Edgington Oil a US$250 million per year oil refinery in the US; ATV computer systems, Santa Ana, Arizona, US; Colorado Land & Cattle company, Security National bank in Walnut Creek, California, US, Barrick gold mine in Toronto, Canada; Saudi Arabian Kenworth, Chrysler and Fiat car and truck dealerships; the National Gypsum company in Saudi Arabia, and Sahuaro Petroleum in Phoenix, Arizona, US. The company also had major financial interests in Lloyd's of London; the Manera company; Las Brisas Resort in Acapulco, Mexico; the Houston Galleria; National car rental company; Pyramid Oasis in Cairo, Egypt; Travel Lodge Australia; Pacific Harbor hotel in Fiji; Beirut Riyadh bank; and the bank of Contra Costa. Khashoggi's Triad real estate holdings included private residences in Beirut; Jeddah; Riyadh; Geneva; Cairo; Salt Lake City, Utah; Cone Ranch, Florida; Rome; Paris; Cannes; London; and a multi-floor penthouse in Olympic Tower in New York. Khashoggi also owned several private jets, and super-yachts through Triad, including a McDonnell Douglas DC-8 and DC-9, three Boeing 727s, and several smaller business jets and helicopters.His three super-yachts, the Nabila, the Mohammadia, and the Khalidia, were named after his children, Nabila, Mohammed, and Khalid. Operation Moses
Khashoggi was directly involved in helping to organize and fund the top-secret Operation Moses in 1984 to airlift to safety 14,000 Ethiopian Jews from Sudan to Israel during a famine caused by the Ethiopian civil war. Iran–Contra affair
Khashoggi was implicated in the Iran–Contra affair as a key middleman in the arms-for-hostages exchange along with Iranian arms dealer Manucher Ghorbanifar and, in a complex series of events, was found to have borrowed money for these arms purchases from the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) with Saudi and United States backing. His role in the affair created a related controversy when <mask> donated millions to the American University in Washington, DC to build a sports arena which would bear his name. <mask> was a member of the university's board of trustees from 1983 until his indictment on fraud and other charges in May 1989. <mask> was "principal foreign agent" of the United States and helped establish the supranational intelligence partnership known as the Safari Club. Imelda Marcos affair

In 1988, <mask> was arrested in Switzerland, accused of concealing funds, and held for three months.Khashoggi stopped fighting extradition when the U.S. prosecutors reduced the charges to obstruction of justice and mail fraud and dropped the more serious charges of racketeering and conspiracy. In 1990, a United States federal jury in Manhattan acquitted <mask> and Imelda Marcos, widow of the exiled Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, of racketeering and fraud. Media
In 1991 Khashoggi made an extended appearance on the British television programme After Dark, alongside, among others, former Prime Minister Edward Heath and Lord Weidenfeld. Khashoggi also appeared in Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous in 1985 with host Robin Leach which showcased Khashoggi's extravagant lifestyle. During his peak, Khashoggi was a well-known figure who frequently appeared in the press and media. He also appeared in various television shows, newspapers, and notable magazine covers such as Time and The Washington Post. Genesis Intermedia

Khashoggi was a financier behind Genesis Intermedia, Inc. (formerly NASDAQ: GENI), a publicly traded Internet company based in the US.In 2006, Khashoggi was sued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for securities fraud. The case was dismissed in 2008 and Khashoggi did not admit or deny the allegations. Seymour Hersh report
In January 2003, Seymour Hersh reported in The New Yorker magazine that former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense Richard Perle had a meeting with Khashoggi in Marseille in order to use him as a conduit between Trireme Partners, a private venture capital company of which he was one of three principals, and the Saudi government. At the time, Perle was chair of the Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee, a Defense Department advisory group, which provided him with access to classified information and a position to influence defense policy. <mask> told Hersh that Perle talked to him about the economic costs regarding a proposed invasion of Iraq. If there is no war,' he told me, 'why is there a need for security? If there is a war, of course, billions of dollars will have to be spent.Personal life

In 1961, Khashoggi married 20-year-old Englishwoman Sandra Daly who converted to Islam and took the name Soraya <mask>. They raised one daughter (Nabila) and four sons together (Mohamed, Khalid, Hussein, and Omar). They divorced in 1974. <mask>'s second wife, the Italian Laura Biancolini, (m. 1978) also converted to Islam and changed her name to Lamia <mask>. She was seventeen when she met <mask>; together they had a son, Ali. Khashoggi remained married to Lamia <mask> at his death. <mask>'s third legal wife was Shahpari Azam Zanganeh (m. 1991-2014).In the 1980s, the Khashoggi family occupied one of the largest villa estates in Marbella, Spain, called Baraka, hosting lavish parties. Guests at these parties included film stars, pop celebrities and politicians. In 1985, celebrity reporter Robin Leach reported Khashoggi threw a five-day birthday party in Vienna for his eldest son, and in his heyday, Khashoggi spent $250,000 a day to maintain his lifestyle. He continued to spend lavishly even when he encountered financial problems. His net worth was said to have been down to about $8 million in 1990. Due to his extravagant lifestyle, he was called the Great Gatsby of the Middle East. Khashoggi also owned Ol Pejeta Conservancy, in Laikipia County, Kenya known at the time as the Mount Kenya Safari Club.His house has since been converted into a hotel which is run by Serena Hotels. Death
Khashoggi died on 6 June 2017 while being treated for Parkinson's disease at the St Thomas' Hospital in London. He was 81. In popular culture

Films
 Where I Stand: The Hank Greenspun Story
 The One Percent

Books
 Ronald Kessler. The Richest Man in the World: The Story of <mask> Khashoggi. New York: Warner Books (1943). . The One-Page Proposal: How to Get Your Business Pitch onto One Persuasive Page. .
 Andrew Feinstein.The Shadow World: Inside the Global Arms Trade

Music
 "Khashoggi's Ship", a song by Queen from the album The Miracle (1989)
 "I am", a song by Army of Lovers, contains the lyrics "What Bobby is to Pam, Khashoggi to Iran, I am" (1993)
 "La Plage de Saint-Tropez", a song by Army of Lovers contains the lyrics "We meet Khashoggi with a gun" (1993)

See also

 Bob Shaheen

References

Further reading

 Kessler, Ronald. The Richest Man in the World: The Story of <mask> <mask>, Warner Books, New York, 1986
 Mackey, Sandra. The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom. Updated Edition. Norton Paperback. W. W. Norton and Company, New York. 2002 (first edition: 1987).External links
 Official website
 <mask> <mask> in Who’s Who in Islam

20th-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
21st-century Saudi Arabian businesspeople
1935 births
2017 deaths
Arms traders
California State University, Chico alumni
Neurological disease deaths in England
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Ferdinand Marcos
Former billionaires
Imelda <mask>
Lockheed bribery scandals
Saudi Arabian billionaires
Saudi Arabian people of Turkish descent
Victoria College, Alexandria alumni

masks:
Adnan Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Mohammad Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Samira Khashoggi
Soheir Khashoggi
Jamal Khashoggi
Adnan
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Khashoggi
Adnan
Khashoggi
Adnan
Adnan
Adnan
Khashoggi
Adnan
Khashoggi
Marcos Adnan


title: Sebastian Mielitz

texts:
<mask> (born 18 July 1989) is a German professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for FC Helsingør. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Zehdenick, and began his football career at Eintracht Oranienburg, moving later to MSV Neuruppin and Energie Cottbus. In 2005, he joined the youth team of SV Werder Bremen at age 17. On 10 November 2007, he debuted for the second team of Werder Bremen in the second half of a match, replacing the injured first-choice goalkeeper Nico Pellatz. In August 2008, Mielitz extended his contract until 2010. His professional debut in the 3. Liga was on 16 August 2008 against Jahn Regensburg.He played 20 times for the side in the 2008–09 season despite competing with Pellatz over a first choice role at the club's reserve. Werder Bremen
During the 2007–08 season, Mielitz appeared twice as an unused substitute for a match against Stuttgart and Bayer Leverkusen. Two seasons later, he made his first appearance with Werder's first team on 3 December 2009 in a Europa League home match against Nacional, filling in for the injured Tim Wiese. Three days later, on 6 December 2009, he debuted in the Bundesliga in a 0–0 away draw against 1. FC Köln, making a good performance throughout the match and kept his first clean sheet on his debut. In February 2010, Mielitz signed a contract extension, keeping him until 2012. Although he was a third-choice goalkeeper for the 2009–10 season, he said he was willing to be patient to fight over a first choice goalkeeper role in the near future.On 30 March 2010, when he made another appearance, starting in goal once again, in a 4–2 win over FC Nürnberg. He suffered a knee injury later in the season. He made a total of three appearances in the 2009–10 season. Mielitz remained a third-choice goalkeeper behind Wiese and Christian Vander ahead of the 2010–11 season. On 20 October 2010, he made his first appearance in the UEFA Champions League group stage against Twente, coming on for the injured Wiese. Three days later, he started in goal again, making several saves contributing to 4–1 away win against Borussia Mönchengladbach, the club's first of the season. After the match, his performance was praised and he was named Man of the Match.He featured in another Champions League match against Twente on 2 November 2010 which Werder Bremen 2–0 lost. After this, <mask> remained on the substitute bench for the next two months until coming on as a late substitute following Wiese's sending off in a 3–1 loss against Bayern Munich on 29 January 2011. He appeared three more matches from 5 February 2011 to 19 February 2011 before Wiese's return from suspension. He remained on the substitute bench for the rest of the 2010–11 season. At the end of the season, during which he made the total of 10 appearances for the side, Mielitz signed another contract extension, keeping him until 2013. Ahead of the 2011–12 season, <mask> was promoted to a second–choice goalkeeper behind Wiese, taking Vander's place and demoting him to third-choice. After starting the season on the substitute bench, he made his first appearance on 17 September 2011 coming on as a replacement for Wiese, who had been sent off in the early minutes of the match, and conceding a goal in the second–half from Philipp Wollscheid, in a 1–1 draw against 1.FC Nürnberg. While Wiese served a three-match ban until late October, Mielitz played the next three matches and filled in showing very good performances, including in a win over Hertha BSC on 25 September 2011. On 3 December 2011, he started again after Wiese was given a bereavement leave, and conceded four goals, in a 4–1 defeat to Bayern Munich. After suffering short–term injury in January 2012, he was featured in two matches between 17 March 2012 and 24 March 2012 following Wiese's injury. He remained on the substitute bench throughout the 2011–12 season and was limited to a total of 7 appearances for the side. Shortly after the end of the season, he signed another contract extension in May 2012 which would keep him until 2014. Ahead of the 2012–13 season, Mielitz was expected to be the club's first choice goalkeeper by the club's general manager Klaus Allofs following the departure of Wiese to Hoffenheim.In the LIGA total! Cup 2012, <mask> was the hero when he made two saves in the penalties shoot-out (one from Bastian Schweinsteiger) in a 4–2 win over Bayern Munich to progress through the final which they beat Borussia Dortmund in a penalty shoot-out again the following day. After the match against Bayern Munich, he said YouTube helped him save a penalty from Schweinsteiger. After starting in goal in the opening game of the season against Borussia Dortmund, he kept his first clean sheet, in a 2–0 win over Hamburg on 1 September 2012. Throughout the 2012–13 season, <mask> was an ever present goalkeeper for the side, but received criticism from the media and pundits, including Frank Rost for conceding goals and lack of clean sheets, which he kept three times during the season. In response to criticism, Mielitz defended himself, saying: "I make my cause well!" and felt he was treated unfairly.During a 1–1 draw against 1. FSV Mainz 05 on 30 March 2013, he put out his best performance at Werder Bremen, making a lot of saves, to help the side ease their chance to avoid relegation. In the 2013–14 season, Mielitz continued to remain the club's first choice goalkeeper and started well keeping two clean sheets in the first two league matches against Eintracht Braunschweig and Augsburg. He also kept two more clean sheets while remaining first choice goalkeeper. However, as in the previous season, Mielitz continuously conceded goals on a regular basis, leading Kicker to say that he lacked "charisma, though he seems calm, factual, sometimes a little too pale." Following a 3–2 loss to 1. FSV Mainz on 24 November 2013, he was dropped as a first choice goalkeeper in favour of Raphael Wolf and was placed on the substitute bench for the rest of the season.In response to this, Mielitz said he was disappointed upon learning that he would remain on the substitute bench. He finished the 2013–14 season with 14 appearances. It was confirmed in April 2014 that Mielitz would not be offered a new contract by the club and was expected to leave the club at the end of the season. Although he did not play against Hertha BC, he made his farewell appearance and confirmed his departure from the club. By the time of his departure, Mielitz was not considered a replacement of Tim Wiese by the Werder Bremen supporters, including the club's former goalkeeper Dieter Burdenski. SC Freiburg
Shortly after leaving Werder Bremen, <mask> was linked a move to SC Freiburg. The move was confirmed on 28 May 2014, as he signed a three–year contract.<mask> made his SC Freiburg debut in the first round of the DFB-Pokal, in a 2–0 win over Eintracht Trier 05, keeping a clean sheet. He made another appearance in the second round of the DFB-Pokal once again, in a 5–2 win over 1860 Munich. However, he struggled to get more playing time at the club, with newly Roman Bürki being preferred as the first-choice goalkeeper he stayed on the substitute bench throughout the season. Greuther Fürth
With a lack of first team opportunities at SC Freiburg, Mielitz opted to join Greuther Fürth on 11 June 2015, signing a two–year contract. Upon joining the club, he was expected by then-manager Stefan Ruthenbeck, who was appointed one day before he signed for them, to fight for the first-choice goalkeeper role. <mask> made his Greuther Fürth debut in the opening game of the season, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 win over Karlsruher SC. After making his debut, he quickly established himself as a first-choice goalkeeper at Greuther Fürth.After keeping two more clean sheets against VfL Bochum and Eintracht Braunschweig at the end of September, he, however, conceded 10 goals in the next two matches, with a defeat to VfL Bochum. and Freiburg. In the following match against 1860 Munich, Mielitz was able to redeem himself when he kept a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win. Throughout the 2015–16 season, he remained the first-choice goalkeeper and played every match until he was dropped on the last game of the season in a favour of Mark Flekken against SV Sandhausen. Ahead of the 2016–17 season, the club signed three goalkeepers, Balázs Megyeri, Sascha Burchert and Marius Funk, providing more competition for Mielitz. Because of this, Mielitz struggled to regain his role as the club's first-choice goalkeeper in his second season and Megyeri was preferred instead. As a result, Mielitz made no appearances for the side this season and played twice for the reserve side.At the end of the 2016–17 season, he was released by the club after being told that they would not extend his contract. SønderjyskE
With his Greuther Fürth contract running out at the end of the 2016–17 season, Mielitz joined Danish Superliga club SønderjyskE for the new season on a two-year contract with the option of a third in May 2017. Mielitz made his debut for SønderjyskE in the opening game of the season, in a 0–0 draw against Randers and keeping a clean sheet in the process. Since making his debut, he managed to dispatch the first choice goalkeeper role from Lukas Fernandes. Mielitz won the 2019–20 Danish Cup with SønderjyskE. Viktoria Köln
In July 2020, Mielitz joined 3. Liga side FC Viktoria Köln on a free transfer.In his first season, Mielitz was the first choice and made 37 appearances during the season. 60 second into a friendly pre-season game in July 2021 against Borussia Mönchengladbach, Mielitz twisted his ankle and tore his anterior and posterior syndesmotic ligament, which kept him out for the rest of 2021. Helsingør
On 31 January 2022, Mielitz returned to Denmark, when he joined FC Helsingør on a deal until June 2024.

International career
In October 2008, Mielitz was called up by the Germany U-20 for the first time and made his Germany U-20 debut on 12 October 2008, in a 2–1 loss against Austria U20. He was part of the team that participated at the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. Personal life
Born in Zehdenick, East Germany, Mielitz said he is from Neulöwenberg and described it as ‘’"a village, just a village, there's nothing but forest and lake around, there are 400, maybe 450 inhabitants, a main road. "’’ Mielitz also said he grew up supporting Werder Bremen. Also, in the same interview, he mentioned: "I am rather into myself, quiet, patient.In the goal, however, I am not the least. I'll be on the table." Mielitz attended a sports school when he was 13 before going to a different school in Bremen where he graduated despite being absent from class. He revealed that his parents were supportive of his sport choices, having taken him to important events and games, but after attending boarding school in Cottbus, he began to live apart from his parents and see them only on weekends. In addition to speaking German, Mielitz also speaks English and Spanish. In July 2015, Mielitz became a father for the first time when his girlfriend gave birth to a baby boy. Career statistics

Honours
SønderjyskE
 Danish Cup: 2019–20

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
People from Zehdenick
Association football goalkeepers
German footballers
German expatriate footballers
Footballers from Brandenburg
Germany youth international footballers
SC Freiburg players
SV Werder Bremen players
SV Werder Bremen II players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
SønderjyskE Fodbold players
FC Viktoria Köln players
FC Helsingør players
Bundesliga players
2.Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Danish Superliga players
German expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in Denmark

masks:
Sebastian Mielitz
Sebastian Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz
Mielitz


title: Ramiro Corrales

texts:
<mask> (born March 12, 1977) is an American former professional soccer player who is currently a technical advisor and assistant coach for USL Championship expansion side Monterey Bay FC. He spent most of his professional career with the San Jose Earthquakes in Major League Soccer. Known as a "reliable contributor who [is] strong in defense, composed and responsible with the ball and who works hard to make his teammates better", <mask> was the last remaining active MLS player from its inaugural season in 1996 upon his 2013 retirement. Club career

San Jose Clash (1996–1997)
Born in Salinas, California, <mask> did not play college soccer; instead he signed with the California Jaguars of USISL. He then became a professional and entered the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. This was before the advent of Project-40, so <mask> forfeited any opportunity to guarantee a college scholarship. <mask> was drafted 81st by the Columbus Crew but was then immediately traded to the San Jose Clash (later to be renamed "Earthquakes") for a second-round selection in the MLS Supplemental draft.<mask> made his MLS debut on April 28, 1996 as a substitute in a match against the LA Galaxy. His first assist came a couple months later on June 8 against the Dallas Burn and his first goal came off a free kick against the Tampa Bay Mutiny on September 9. In his rookie season for the San Jose Clash, he garnered a goal and an assist playing 11 matches. He started in 11 games the following season. MetroStars (1998–2000)
In November 1997, <mask> was drafted 16th by the Miami Fusion in the 1997 Expansion Draft. He was traded again in June 1998, this time to the MetroStars in exchange for Carlos Parra. In 1998 <mask> played in 3 matches for the Metros, getting one assist.The 1999 season saw <mask> take a large amount of playing time with the club in a total 31 appearances. He was second on the team in minutes with 1,460. The 2000 season saw <mask> split his time between the Metrostars and the US Olympic squad who were going through Olympic qualification and the 2000 Summer Olympics soccer tournament. <mask> ended the season with two assists in twenty two games played. San Jose Earthquakes (2001–2004)
In 2001, <mask> was traded back to San Jose for the rights to goalkeeper Paul Grafer. There, he was an integral part of coach Frank Yallop's team that won the 2001 and 2003 MLS Cups. The 2002 season was one of <mask>' best, scoring three goals and providing nine assists in 28 matches played, both career highs.In nine years in MLS, <mask> scored nine goals and provided 19 assists. HamKam (2005–2006)
Seeking to leave MLS, <mask> signed with Norwegian club Hamarkameratene on a three-year contract. He was part of a wave of American MLS players who went to Scandinavia to seek better wages and European play. He was signed to play as a central midfielder at the club but he mainly played as left back while sometimes being used as a left midfielder. In the 2006 season he scored his first goal in Norway, a free kick goal against IK Start. He was selected the club player of the year in the 2006 season by both local newspaper Hamar Arbeiderblad and as voted by the fans on the club's official homepage. Due to the fact that HamKam was relegated at the end of the season, rumors swirled about where <mask> would leave to.He was rumored to be heading for Spain or Belgium, though IK Start in Norway seemed to be the front runner to sign him. Brann (2007)
On January 5, 2007, Hamarkameratene and Brann agreed on a transfer, but <mask> was expelled from Norway on February 9 by the Norwegian Directorate of Immigration, leaving it uncertain if he could play for Brann. <mask> was expelled because he had played the whole 2006 season without a work-permit. The case was solved on March 14 when the Norwegian Immigration Appeals Board (UNE) gave <mask> a new work-permit. <mask> dealt with injuries and made only 17 appearances overall for the club, but scored a goal and helped lead Brann to their first title since 1963. After a US versus Sweden training match in January 2008, <mask> refused to return to Bergen and expressed that he would rather give up soccer than return. He claimed he did not like the Bergen weather, although he later said he would accept a move to Oslo which has a more dry climate than Bergen.He also modified his statement to he did not like being benched. <mask> was rumored to return to MLS with Toronto FC and former club New York Red Bulls showing interest. The Houston Dynamo still held his rights, which were kept by the team since their move from San Jose in 2006, and so any return to MLS would have to go through Houston. Return to San Jose Earthquakes (2008–2013)
<mask> eventually returned to the United States in 2008, re-signing for the San Jose Earthquakes, who bought his rights from the Houston Dynamo. He made his first appearance for the Quakes since 2004 on April 3, in a match against the LA Galaxy. He scored his first goal in his new stint on May 10 against the Columbus Crew. After the departure of Quakes captain Nick Garcia in a trade, <mask> was selected by Frank Yallop to be the next player to lead the team.Yallop cited <mask>' experience, calm but stern leadership, and being bilingual as reasons for selecting him as captain. In 2009, he became the team's all-time leader in appearances with his 164th, in their match against FC Dallas on October 7 passing Richard Mulrooney to grab the record. In 2010, he led the Quakes to the Eastern Conference Final of the MLS Cup playoffs, the club reaching the playoffs for the first time since 2005. They passed the New York Red Bulls in the semi-finals, after the Quakes were down a goal in the first leg. Entering into 2011, <mask> was dealing with more frequent injuries, and so he started to adapt to becoming more of a mentor than just a player. At the start of the season he was one of three players to have remained since the inaugural MLS season, the other two being Zach Thornton and Frankie Hejduk. In 2011, he played in his 200th career match for San Jose against the New York Red Bulls on July 2, becoming the first player to reach 200 games played with San Jose.In 2012, he had a career year, captaining the Quakes in their Supporters Shield-winning season. He was selected by MLS commissioner Don Garber to participate in the 2012 MLS All Star game, his first ever. He played for 35 minutes in the match against Chelsea after being subbed in during the 56th minute for San Jose teammate Justin Morrow. He finished the season with two goals and seven assists, the assists tally the second highest in his career. When off-season came, <mask> saw his option declined by San Jose on November 28, 2012. He subsequently entered the 2012 MLS Re-Entry Draft and became a free agent after going undrafted in both rounds of the draft. He was re-signed by the Earthquakes for the 2013 season in both a playing and coaching capacity in February 2013.He reached the 300th MLS appearance mark in a match against the Houston Dynamo in 2013, becoming the 21st player in MLS history to hit that mark. <mask> played his last game on October 26, 2013, against FC Dallas at Buck Shaw Stadium; he played as a starter and was subbed out in the 69th minute treated with a standing ovation and teammates carrying him off the pitch. He passed on his captain's armband to Chris Wondolowski, which served not only a practical in game purpose but also symbolized the transition of player leadership for the next season on, with Wondolowski serving as captain starting in 2014. In 2018, he came out of retirement to become a player-coach for Premier Development League team Santa Cruz Breakers FC in their debut season. Post-playing career
In April 2021, he joined the technical staff of USL Championship expansion side Monterey Bay FC. Career statistics

International
<mask> was born in the United States and is of Mexican descent. <mask> has earned appearances for the United States national team, playing for the U-20 and U-23 teams along with four caps for the senior team in the 90's (his first coming October 16, 1996 against Peru).He also appeared in two games at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, helping the United States reach the semifinals. He was finally recalled in 2008 after an eight-year absence. International Appearances

Honors

Club
San Jose Earthquakes
 MLS Cup: 2001, 2003
 MLS Supporters Shield: 2012

Brann
 Norwegian Premier League: 2007

Individual

 MLS All-Star: 2012

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
American sportspeople of Mexican descent
American expatriate sportspeople in Norway
American expatriate soccer players
Soccer players from California
California Jaguars players
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Hamarkameratene players
New York Red Bulls players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
Major League Soccer players
Miami Fusion players
MLS Pro-40 players
Eliteserien players
Olympic soccer players of the United States
Sportspeople from Salinas, California
San Jose Earthquakes players
SK Brann players
United States men's international soccer players
USISL players
USISL A-League players
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
United States men's under-23 international soccer players
Association football defenders
American soccer players
Monterey Bay FC

masks:
Ramiro Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Ramiro
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Ramiro
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Corrales
Ramiro